, 1866-03-23

Try Is already over supplied In proportion
len1uDeraIise demand. The artisans OF tt
United Stales purchase from tho ugricultul
ists twelve hundred million dollars worth {
alt 60 to farming, where Will the market
lonnd for tlfs twelve hundred millions, an
for tho additional Six or eight hundred mi
llons worth Of farm products which tho seye
millions Of manufacturers would raise? II
mere statement or tue question exhibits th
absurdity and the reckiessne4s OF Mr.. Mill
advice, to our manufacturing population t
better and create national wealth faster.
: What are the elements essential to succes
IN manufacturing? They are coal, wate
power, iron, salt, lead, copper, wool, cotton
ha1, hemp. hides, wood, glass.sand, potter
clay, and cheap food, but above al, IN abur
dance of coal, iron and wood. Have We nc
all those essentials In equal abundance wit
Grcat13ritain or any other European nation
Have we not some Of them in vastly create
4 quantities than can be found In oil Europe
I How does Great Britain comp pare with Americ
| IN wates-powcr, or In coal? The ares Of be
coal fields Is II $50 square miles; that of til
United States l46, $50, or t,relre times greate7
How does she compare In iron orcs There /
more iron in the Marquette mountains tia.
IN the Island Of Albion. How doc
she compare In copper, lead, salt
gold, silver md zinc, With the United States
Has England any superiority over us la tht
production OF cotton, Tobacco, petroleum, tur
pentine, wool, hides, hemp, lax, or chea,
md abundant supplies Of food. Not evel
Dir. Ail will ASSERT 1t. But she has the ad
vantsgc of present superiority Of acquired
capital and a redundant mechanical popula-
tion. But steady, uniform protection for q
dugle generation will reverse these artificial
advantages, and place our country In advance
Of her. What wo want to import from Eng.
land la not her surplus products, but hes
surplus producer; not her manufactures
already come. More will follow, If our Gov.
ernme0t adheses steadily to the protection
principle, which John Stuart 3iill's Polftical
Economy anlrns may properly be done, in a
"younR and rising natioo.n
!: The Island Of Great Britaln contains eIcht
millions more people than the soil can be made
to feed. She has redundant population ot
that number to support from the profits ot
manufacturing. Her farmers have q home
market at their doors, for every product they
can coax or coerce ont OF the ground, and nil
the manurcs Of the manufactures to did them
In recuperating their lands. But with their
utmost c1orts they can feed but two-thirds Of
the mouths depending upon them, and the ro-
malnmg third NUT be subsisted on the profits
Of manufactured goods sold and bartcred to
other countries. Protection In England takea
the form Of obtaining cheap food and clean
raw materials. She admits brcadstuffs from
Other countries 1t nominal dnty, in order to
the lowest possible money wages. This Is
the best and wisest possible projection
TO her manufactures. The British nr.
tisan Is not competing with the American
manufacturer for the possession Of nIs own
homc market; but being secure in that, hc
inva1es our soil mud strives to dispokseas The
american Workman Of bis right to supply
American consumers. It Is IN aggressive con
test an attempt to conquer the industrial in-
dependence OF our country and to reclaim
those States. reducing them again to the con-
:dition Of colonies or industrial dependencies
.ofGrcat Britain.
Those crafty Britons, under the seductive
,nnme Of" free trade, )" desire US to pursue the
policy OF their ancestors several centuries
ago. when they exported their wool to Hol-
land and exchanged 1t for cloth. The Dutch
tradeEs taunte0 them for their stupidity, say
ing that "Me DytfisA sold their teho2e skjus for
ai7penet and bought back he tdls for a MK.
fin9'-a commercial policy which the Amerl-
can people continue to pursue to a disgrace
~ extent, put which tho British ceased doing
/ II l. absolutely essential 10 British Manu.
facturing supremacy, that the raw materials
Of their fnbrfcs and the food Of their opera
lives shall lie obtained at the lowest possible
prices. Dear food would make dear labor.
Dear raw materials and dear labor would
make dear goods. and dear goods could not
ibc sold In the United States and other coun-
tries, In successful competition with their
own manufactures. And this Is the secret
ot British advocacy Of "free trade" They
carefully maintained protective duties until
they llad secured complete possession Of
their home market and could defy all compo-
titora, and until their population had IN
creased beyond the capacity Of the Island
became absolutely necessary in order
to save them from starvation and
death 70 ind employment to-. them, and
this employment could only be obtained by
providing them with cheap food md cheap
raw materials, to be by thcm wrought into
cheap goods for expectation to other coun-
gold. This was the only course left for Brit
!sh capitalists and statesmen 10 pursue. If
Henry e. Carey or Horace Greeley were Eur
lislMen they would advocate no other
policy. 49,
Great Britain manufactures for export and
sale In othel countries one thousand millions
of dollars' worth of goods. To support her
Government, pay the interest on her debt,
naiutaln her argtocrncy and royalty, and feed
,ne-third Of her population, 1ohtch htr soil con
'ustain, 1t Is absolutely necessary to secure
orcisn markets for this enormous quantity
If surplus fabrics. Shut out her market tor
hose manufactures, and eight millions of
Britons would literally die for want of food,
md sink into their graves, as did two millions
Ion or wholesale emigration to other coun-
zies would be the alternatives placed before
,nc-third Of the Inhabitants. OF that island.
Cheap food and cheap raw materials are no
onGcr things Of choice with Eng1lshmen.
They must Be had. It Is simply q question of !
tle OF death, The Government dare not Law
axes on food or the rnw materials Of manu-
acture. To do 80 would be to murder It's |
utjccts-
John Stuart Mill, Gen. Thompson md John
3ul1, Jr., are not much 10 be blamed for their |
:1treme aversion to The "MoE1iH tar.
e." which restricts the expectation Of Il
British goods to America and fos-
eEs manufactuEcs In our own country. |
ie that does not provide for his own house.
lold is said to DO worse than m lnldel. 1t is
'erfect1y natural, therefore, that those cham
lions Of ''trec trade'' shoufd try to convince
Is that our manufacturers have had protec-
ion long enough; that manufacturing Is q L
ranch OF industry not suited to the genius /
+ circumstances Of this country, and That +
ur mechanics should quit their business,
urn their customers over to the British, and
urn greater advantage to national wealth"
his latherly advice las the additional merit
1 being purely dkintercsted, rs the eminent
economist was thinking only Of our good, and
ow to Increase our national wealth when be
rotered 1t.
But now that We are talkine nbont nna-
onal wealth., let us devote . few conclu.
ie distinction between tho nonsy n
ost and the labor cost of m article. He fails
$50 to consider the question Of fpayment. The
ea1ncss Or chcapness Of an article dependsen-
rely, on the purchasers ability to ply for It,
I'D that again depends on what commodities
10 owner. is willing to take in exchange for
and how much be will allow for the article
Tered in exchange. From money cost point
view manufactures in Europe seem 10 be
'tap, but they become very dear when re
ndcrtake to pay for them by shipping our
nlky breadstaiis 900 miles, and giro three
1shels to middle-men for delivering the
urth to to the foreign artisan.
The exports Of nation must equal It's I'M
orts, else <it VIII run In debt and destroy Its
edit: r We buy goods In England which
,st 1,0o0 days labor to produce, md pay |
: them With Western -four and, pork
lat cost US 600 days work to pro-
ice, We will hare :. lost wealth by
le transaction, no matter how cheap In I
e have actually given two days labor tor
,e, no matter how high the London quota j,
On for -four and pork may be-. Anything
lat costs Us no more hours Of labor to pro-
ice at home than abroad, Is cheaper to the ;.
lrion by the expense Of transporting tho
-oduct cent abroad to par 1or It. Ifn yard
cloth o.. a pound Of iron costs rs moro
oncy In this country than It would In Eng
nd. It only signifies that days labor here
paid, more money than in England. Thc'
trinsic cost Of the article Is not less there
ian here, for It consumed as much Of an
nelshman's litc to produce 1t as It would /
an Amesfeen's. And II the American can |
ork faster In manufacturing, Of has better
boz-sasl-g z contriyances than the foreigner,