davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
New Orleans daily crescent. [volume] ([New Orleans, La.]) 1851-1866, 1866-08-09

CHARLEs DAMosT SENT FoR,--The interesting
youth Charles DamOnt, who was arrested here,
come time ago. in connection with the attemptlto
rob one Of the national banks IN this city, and who
has lain in our jail since has been sent for by
the police department OF Richmond We learn
that he has been identified as the man who killed
woman on Gary street, in the latter city, ana
afterwards severely woudded, by pistol shot the
policeman who attempted to arrest him for the
act. A.disRatoh from Richmond reached this CITY
yesterday nor ping, requesting Captain Anderson
to hold the festive young gentleman until an eli,
Ger could come on after him. ga5
From all accounts, this Damont, whose aliases
seem 10 besas numerous as HE crimes, has been q
gay bird, He admits having killed 4 man in Balli-
more, and was ineareefated in iail there for
nineteen months. He is next heard d as the can
tain Of company Of gne1rilias ii Missouri during
the war. Then gambler on the Mississippi river,
and nov farming DIP here as gay " Don Juan /
az ever was seen. BIS boast WAS that few iails
ceuld holdhim, hutour authorities have managed t
retain the enterprising gentleman in dnfanoe vile
and il he proves to be the individual wanted d
Rlohmouda Bis igHozninious career rapidly ap
proaches its close Adios, Damant,
rh4lantai Irteilirhbrar
New Orleans daily crescent. [volume] ([New Orleans, La.]) 1851-1866, 1866-08-09
En.ean Xyestern Texaa.

The late rains have been of great benefit to the
growing cotton and sweet potatoes but too late
for corn. Many of our farmers have planted large
quantities Of beans, and if the fall proves favora
Bile, win parity pay them for the loss of their
corn crop.
BY late advices, we see that some thirty or forty
Of our citizens have heen massaered in the last
few weeks by Indians on our frontier. Had so
many freedmen been killed the affair would have
assumed giant form in Congress Investigating
committees would have been established inquiring
into she matter, thousands Of dollars expended
and the hue and cry would be raised that they
we're killed by rebels disguised as Indians.
The cities Of LaYaca, indianola and Victoria
are all improving, while Goliad and Helena seem
to be in sfGtu quo ante beltu9, or if there has
been any change, Helena has decreased in popu-
lation. The road from here to Goliad, which is
about ninety niles and il through a beaAtiluI
Of acres 0fwhich can, at very little expense, be
irrigated by the waters Of the San Antonio river,
along the banks Of which the road runs.
We know Of ne country IA the South which can
be populated so densely, or rendered more pro-
sductve, than the valley of the San Antonio from
this point to GOlad. TO this fact we call the at
tentien Of immigration companies and foreign
Sand agencies. This section Is also extremely
healthy as well as productive. Were ten thousand
abie-hodied Germans colonized on the irrigahle
lands between San Antonio and Goiiad, in very
few years they would make it most productive
thriving and desirable country.
While we were ~ G0lad, we heard many com
plants Of the citizens against Gle roIored troops
stationed there. They were represented aa in
sulting, oyerbearing and mischievous; in one in
stance running hay0net into an old man SOME
sixty or seventy yeara,old, at another time shoot
ing at citizens and at another calling them liars
Che citizens are prohibited from wearing arms
In Goliad.
a lew nights ago, III Victoria, German wa,
run through the body with bayonet and instant,
killed by negro soldier. The negro gave as al
excuse that he ordered the man to halt
We sincerely regret the presence Of negr
soldiers Ia Lavaea, Indlanola, Victoria and Goliad
for they are doing the government an injury rattle
than benefit They are rendering the govern
meEt odcus, and we would not be surprised at an,
moment to hear, that at Goliad there had been
collision between the citizens and the negr
soldiers. r4z8
New Orleans daily crescent. [volume] ([New Orleans, La.]) 1851-1866, 1866-08-09
CHARTER.
3HARTER.,.,,., .....''.'.. ChA&TER
or THE
COMMERCIAL INSURANCE COMPANY.
...CHARTER
.HARTER


s,, 49,, - ,,--,, -,
,,, TN ry>yov,y,, .L. 80 AT. Az, City Of New Orleans )
De 1 MO ,D III NY ,r% aay OF July IN the year
e ou nV ~. fIsis ~, ana stAtysL&
9 10 ~ ic; it ~ N Z, 49,, IA hsh, Notary Public IN
ma to w ny " sm ps anu state siNresaid uy COM
ana N presence OF the witnesses here-
lna y nai li ala n my a.l nj,
ZANE hu me parties whose names are
Ine @ NV 81 y1s state relative to the organi-
t au a. ST9sas 80 ~ moIhs % public lnprove e
and 40 hereby eoyenant and agree and bind
bN pon ;hay MAJ, To or1 an and
bSy tabisb % So5y eoroat t and 90
@ 1850 ~ IN ~, tia m; ~, ~ ouJeetS
anu Pi pUSf fiIn,iu "a 0' sN'' ''p@'tonS ana
'es "i''''A' '-''"-Ne' ~ -
The name and title of the Company shall be 1.-THE CONNER
cia Insurance Company and its doc is hereby established
in the city of New Orleans IL Bha connne and exist for
wears from tie date OF organization II shall com
menee operations Immediately 1t shall have
corporate having for device Commerce. and for
inscription the name of the Company the OF
act.
oESI9N me ooects ana purposes Oh tLe company are
hereby declared TO he - g., ,,. -, -. -.
l. 10 make assurances upon dwelling houses stores cotton
presses and every other description OF buildings household
iurnitlIe goods wares erchsndse machinery and other
. To make nsurauces upon ships and going vessels
steamboats, and oil other vessels freight goods bills of
exchange ana other evidences OF deot commissions prohs
poation riss bottomy espoudentia interests other
words 70 elect pEe marine yeE ana inland insurance Of
either Of said purposes ave.
Inc Company may canse fse to De rensured against any
rsk upon which it shall have made insurance
name and all citations and other legal process shall be
SEC The Board OF Directors shall have power to invest
from time to me the money and capital of the Company in
tate situated within the limits parishes Of Orleans and
Jefferson which in case be deemed worth at least
double the amount Loaned thereon ~ '''''
hey NAV also inyest tbe nofts of the Counsnv In an
bonds stock by under the Of United
city Of make any oans Oh pledge O. any q the Aforesaid se
eqres o4has Or ss9cKs o any Soaess or e o. isang
New Orleans daily crescent. [volume] ([New Orleans, La.]) 1851-1866, 1866-08-09

hosT. q THE MAAMoTH CAVE Cave Cur,
10. Aug. 1.-Two young men, belonging n a
party visiting the Mammoth Cave. Yesterday, were
5ostat 10 4, H., and up to this time have not been
found. Il is feared they fell down d steer bank
near which they were last seen,
New Orleans daily crescent. [volume] ([New Orleans, La.]) 1851-1866, 1866-08-09

SAD gAsUALTY.--We were panied TO bear last
night thst priyate teIegraphic dispatch from
Nashville brought the sad intelligence Of the
death BY drowning Of Allison. YandeII, the only
son Of cur esteemed fellow-citizen, Or. D. W.
Handan We have nc particulars. We deeply
sympaihize Mitk she family of our friend In their
New Orleans daily crescent. [volume] ([New Orleans, La.]) 1851-1866, 1866-08-09

The Board OF Trustees have resolved to declare Scrip div
dend Of thyhvs per the earned participating
premiums for the year ending 18th February 1885, for which
next.
The Scrip Certificates issued for the year 1860 viii be
deemed also six per interest all outstanding Ceh
Of Scrip viii be paid the Monday of May
1866 to the holders thereof their legal representatives
CHARLES BRIGGS President
.-.-. A CARRIERE Vice President
New Orleans daily crescent. [volume] ([New Orleans, La.]) 1851-1866, 1866-08-09

ia T q iionss ~ e' e ..-,
- - - a, n.
SIC rney snail continue IN once until the second Monday
q May 1905 9ntl ths successors n once snail nave been
duy erected au quauea ana the bfec!os eject IN ehch
Board sh TAKE ther seats on the SECOND Nonday OF Nay oil
first election Oh the first Monday after due election
those stockbojies receiving pnrai of he votes IF lie
soc shall be Considered duly elec ed and in ths
oSan, ~ No aacon taLine rara ~ ia 49, snra ~
prosidsn hal ordsr nother artion 70 taIa rs sjth ~
saws tbsreafte ana give notice ii the same As storsad va
SFS faet shall he entitled eitbsp in neso nv
BY t. H. ana every whch h u beg
sbs g M os tSea two sbar IL A HI
own name or hat bs arm at an election tor Directors Of
the Company. :
ARTIcLE EIGHTH
New Orleans daily crescent. [volume] ([New Orleans, La.]) 1851-1866, 1866-08-09

The Company will pay interest at per in on ali
its Outstanding Certificates Scrip the legal holders
Of, on and after the second Monday in July next
The Board of Trustees have declared Sc Dividend
SIXTY cent the earned premiums entitled to pacpa
ton for the year ending April 80 1866 certificates
will be issued and after the Monday August next
THOMAS A. ADAMS, President
SAMUEL H. KENNEDY, Vice President
HENRY Y OGDEN Secretary,
New Orleans daily crescent. [volume] ([New Orleans, La.]) 1851-1866, 1866-08-09
CHARTER.
provided tor which may be necessary to carry
q nl-lanIa ana mmrnn.ns of Ihla rnra.Arlii nl,.


Every person who shall insurance with this Company
shall the rates fixed upon by the Tustees and premium
paid shall be withdrawn from said Company except
provided but shall be liable for all the losses and
penses incurred by the Company.
ARTICLE TENTH
At the expiration Of the Charter or sooner ordered by
wethrds Of the votes Of Stockholders the affairs of this
Company shall be qudated its debts paid and the balance
divided the Stockholders pro rata the amount by
each held OF paid up stock the charge and superntnd
three commissioners appointed BY the Board OF ITus
tees for that purpose
ARTICLE Eleventh
This Act of Incorporation be altered and amended by
Of two.thirds the Capital Stock represented
General Meeting of the Stockholders called for that purpose
Done executed before me- the undersigned Notary in
presence Felix Gma, r and Edgar Grna, competent
Witnesses who have signed with said Subscribers and me-
Notary this Tweny-fourth day Of July A D. One Thousand
Eight Hundred and SXty-si -.
longinal signed JAMES HEMITT, 90
HUGH McGOLL,
MARSHALL j. SMITH,
JNO. l. noble,
CUMMINGS, BROWN CO.,
MILLIKEN & BRINGIER,
F. GRIMA, JE,
EDGAR GRIMA
n o. STARKE Notary Public.
True Copy of the Original Act among the records
Of my office for reference. n o. STARKE,
New Orleans, 24th July, 1865. Notary Public
New Orleans daily crescent. [volume] ([New Orleans, La.]) 1851-1866, 1866-08-09
INSURANCE.
NOTICE.,.,,,,.",.,..,.,. ...,.......... NOTICE
FIRE, RIVER AND MARINE INSURANCE.


As will appear by the annexed publication the Subscriber
fully empowered adjust pay all Losses with the
promptness that has characterized Home Companies
p. X, FELL, Agent 81 Camp street.
P, R FELL Agent at New Orleans fully authorized
adjust and settle all under Policies issued by him
this Company, without reference to the Home Office.
[Sgued STEPHEN CR0WELL,
Prest Phoenix Insurance Company, New York
O. f. BHESEE,
f. General Agent Security ms Company, N Y,
JOHN D. COCKS
President Atlantic insurance Co, Brooklyn.
... WIN. A. SEAyER,
President Adratic Insurance Co, New York.
SEyENTEENTM ANNUAL sTATEMENT
CRESCENT MUTUAL INSURANCE COMPANY.
NEW ORLEANS, MAY %, ls6G
New Orleans daily crescent. [volume] ([New Orleans, La.]) 1851-1866, 1866-08-09

f. the books of the Company.
CHARLES BRIGGS, President
j. P. RoUz, Secretary.
STATE OF LOUISIANA,
PARISH or ORLEANS CRY NV ORLEAEs.
Sworn subscribed before this both day of March
1866 EDMOND MEUNIER,
Third Justice of the Peace for the Parish of Orleans
New Orleans daily crescent. [volume] ([New Orleans, La.]) 1851-1866, 1866-08-09
PERIODICALS.
PROSPECTUS OF

N THE LEAINHIVN ADFEhIIbFFt
On the 18th day Of ibis month the undersigned will
Independent Journal
Our town and county much in need Of such deEdera
tun, and look maintenance to the cordial support
every citizen OF the county.
Ihe columns of the ADVERTISER will be open the ben
s OF any aspirant hose views do mitigate against the
hefess OF tue community ageJ regardless of the pas
Poitun nomenclature that held him as its advocate
OF the first number, So
Candidates will please hand in their names for
lu tilne ior the nrst impression. j. %. HOUSTON,
Tsvirot,r Mics son. zoe, II. M. SHELTON.
New Orleans daily crescent. [volume] ([New Orleans, La.]) 1851-1866, 1866-08-09

Rooms or THE national JOHNSON CLUB, I
Washington, D. c., July 2, 1856.
New Orleans daily crescent. [volume] ([New Orleans, La.]) 1851-1866, 1866-08-09

certify the foregoing copy Of the original
OF Inc orNtion exans and of record in my register Of
notaria acts. -.-
and seal Of Office the city Of New Orleans this thirteenth
day Of July, A D. 1855
(slgned9 RoBbRT J. KER, MP. 81
New Orleans daily crescent. [volume] ([New Orleans, La.]) 1851-1866, 1866-08-09

The undersigned Deputy Recorder of Mortgages eeThss
that The oTsgoi9g Act Of incorporation has hsen this dsy
tsgned CHAS. &. LEEEs, Deputy Recorder.
New Orleans, July l6th, LS66
New Orleans daily crescent. [volume] ([New Orleans, La.]) 1851-1866, 1866-08-09

During the wart exercised influence which probably no
other single newspaper had large country, and
such important juuCture of affairs nnoriously the
avore OF the army and accompanied Il everywhere In
Virginia. during the Peninsula campaign, Gen A. +. Hill had
read in general orders the head Of command the edl
orials of the Examiner, Indictments his soldiers In
Fexas Gen. MHgruder complained that deprived the
daily entertainment and stimulation Of the Richmond Ex
aminer No appreciate the history
without admitting the inspiration and influence this remark
able journal.
New Orleans daily crescent. [volume] ([New Orleans, La.]) 1851-1866, 1866-08-09

Charles a. Lusenherg, District Attorney Of he First
Judicial Dtri State of LOuisaua hereby certify that have
examined the within act of incorporation Souhern
Hospital Association for disablsa sedien am Of the
opinion that the purposes objects of the Grafton m
specified in Id legal and that Of provisions
therein contained are contrary to law
(Sgned1 @. n LUZENBER9
II istres Attorney of the irst Judicial District,
State of louisiana III
certify the foregoing to be and copy of the
original act aud Of record in my Office and of the
approval thereof by the District attorney.
fHBODORk o. STAkKE, Notary Public
New Orleans, 18th July 1866
New Orleans daily crescent. [volume] ([New Orleans, La.]) 1851-1866, 1866-08-09

The following nauea Reons sha constitute the sst Board
20 hqla eir oilce until the In june
ebf % nut hsg successors elected qualified They
are heaoy inyeea vita eli the rights powers theteunto
belonging, with power to M any which NAV oscr Ia
F number and generally te do and perform All acts and
New Orleans daily crescent. [volume] ([New Orleans, La.]) 1851-1866, 1866-08-09

joel g. Morgan, Esq:
Dear Sia.--I have the honor to acknowledge the
receipt of your letter notifying of my election
as an honorary member Of the johnson club Of
Cairo, and beg that you will properly present to
the club my high appreciation Of the honor they
have conferred upon me. am, very respectfully
- GEO n. PENDLEToN.
The daily dispatch. [volume] (Richmond [Va.]) 1850-1884, 1866-05-15

Mr.. Wise lectured to crowded audience
for the benefit of orphans. The Chronicle
thus notices his lecture:
"IIc maintained that the act Of levying
war against the United States was not trea-
son: and declares that he is and ever has
been among those who hold the Constitu-
ton in highest veneration. His State pride
has suffered no falling off through the bit
ter experiences of four years of war, and he
boldly proclaims his opinion that his first
and highest allegiance was due to Virginia,
i'm whose sacred soil the bones of his fore
fathers have reposed for generations. OF
those ex-rebels who have asked for pardon,
or in any way admitted the reasonable
character of the late rebellion, he speaks
with contempt and bitterness, and declares
his own readiness to die rather than soil
cit pardon or take the test oath. Speak
ing with pride of his part in sustaining the
rebellion, he yet solemnly protests against
the charge of treason, and appeals to the
Omnipotent Judge against all earthly tn
bunals which might declare him guilty OF
that crime. In this connection he indulged
in Renaissance of an event which one
might have supposed he would have been
inclined to forget. If | am to be tried
for treason" said he, 81 hope they will
send some one to try me who was not
among the men I chased with my black
horse cavalry at the time of the John
Brown war; This slightly egotistical
piece of sarcasm was the great hit of the
evening, drawing a perfect storm of APP
plause and laughter. Indeed, so much did
it excite the merriment of the audience
that several Emphatic old ladies found it
difficult to restrain their cachinnatory ten
denotes, and after once composing them
selves into decorous sobriety, started afresh;
whereupon another round of applause was
given by the audience in honor, partly OF
the witticism of the lecturer, and partly OF
the appreciative qualities displayed by the
said elderly ladies'"
The daily dispatch. [volume] (Richmond [Va.]) 1850-1884, 1866-05-15

DESTRUCTIVE FIRE IN QCEBEC-FIFTY
HOUSES BURNED-ONE HUNDRED AND FIFTY
FAMILIES HoUsELEss.-The Quebec Ne,rS
of the 9th instant has the following:
Last night shortly before 0 o'clock fire
broke out in a saw-mill belonging to Mr.
Gingrass, master joiner, St. Francois street,
adjoining the old cemetery and short dis
lance from the chapel of the Congregation.
A light southcaSterly wind drove the fire on
to pile of sawn boards in the yard i'll rear,
and in few minutes the whole was enve-
loped in one mass of flame. From here it
spread to the adjoining houses, sweeping
the whole block up to St. Joseph street and
as far as the open spaces in front OF the
church. Crossing St. Froncois street, the
devouring element soon seized the range Of
wooden tenementS on the opposite side, all
efforts to arrest its progress proving fruit
less. At 10 o'clock it had reached as far
as King street, sweeping everything in its
way. The police, the Sapcurs of St. Roch,
Voltigeurs of St. John suburbs, the Naval
Brigade of Cap Blanc, and No. s Fire Com
pany, were early on the spot, each COM
pany vieing with the other in its attempt to
conquer the devastating element, but with
out success. There was a plentiful supply
of water, but the houses being nearly all
constructed of wood, nothing could be seen
but the smouldering embers and bare CHM
news of what had been but few hours be-
fore the humble but contented homes OF
The daily dispatch. [volume] (Richmond [Va.]) 1850-1884, 1866-05-15
VIRGINIA SPRINGS.

TEALING SPRINGS, BATH COUN-
III Y.-This celebrated WATERING PLACE
will be opened to visitors on the FihsT VI JUNE
next ,a..rra - ,rfor,,
the 5nblic that. with liberal expenditures Dy the
propretors the attractions for the ensuing season
viii be such ~ TO ,gratlfy bo'h the ih'"''o ""'
those In search of pleasure. .ns s,b-
The principal buildings are extensive ana SUD
stantlai sha aseammodatons for three hundred
visitors They have all been painted and put ~
thorough repair, and the Bedding ana VI =
The medicnal virtues of the waters are so gene
rally and favorably known that u woulo DC IL,
duois 10 enter into an elaborate statement OH .ha
snhiact. their efficacy IA attested by numbers VINO
bays founI relief at this fountain OF health from
some Of the most distressing maiadies 70 WHICH inc
Fnr dsaed and particular account OF the pro-
perties of the waters and their effects, reference
n.rsSn or II by letter to Messrs PURCELL LADD
60, Richmond, who will always have supply OF
Comnlete arrangements have been made for Hot
and Cnld Spout and Shower Baths, and Plunge
Baths and in addition to the mineral az
abundant supply OF the pnrest freestone wsasr na
haen brought from a spring In the mountains,
mile distant, and at an elevation OF thousand
feet Every advantage has been taken OF Inc, tne no"
These Springs are delightfully."- situated In bath
county, surrounded by the most beaaua ann a,Iac
tions at least equal TO any place In me mountains
of Virginia. occupying g, Senirai tsis ooron Of
group OF mineldl spTibRr III "hASh 800"
Tirginia Is so Justly celebrated:
Three miles from the Hot Springs, eight from the
Warm, thirteen from the Bath Alum, anu twenty y, NY
ccnss by the Central railroad and its connections
to Millboro' depot, and thence by stages over nne
tnrnnike road twenty three miles to the springs,
nassinH on the route by the Bath Alum, the Warm
and the Springs aud trSsi ih route ,hs u cna
Spite With historical incidents of great interest,"
and nd't the scenery is of unsurpassed beauty and
grandeur: .u,o,ooa {, the use and Of.
,on, - ~ the waters will reside at the spri ngs
By the lst of June there will be daily MAJ IA
and daily line OF stages from "iii"oto - '"'
Springs. lin ho .braa dollars per day !:
children and servants in proportion: dedncton
of ten per cent. made on all bills Tor thirty days
or -. i, xo,J or ,h. ~ a j, a
rcnnmvfortable and agreeable home, and fatters
himssIf. from his long experience and the ad-
van sSaSc,ion N S. A. PORTER, Agent.
The daily dispatch. [volume] (Richmond [Va.]) 1850-1884, 1866-05-15
BY Robert d. Lyme, Auctione"r.
iullice corner of Wall and Franklin stree
.SJo<ER,S SALE oE Mos

C,OMM ISSIONER'S SALE OF Mu>T
" VALUABLE FARMS, THREE MILES BELOW
RICHMOND, on YORK RIVER RAILROAD Ain
NEwBRlDGE RoAn.-In rur>utnc" Of decree
the Circuit Court II lIenro cc"uuty, entered ou 'ss
18th day Of April, 1885, in the case ot ~a.hrr st.
rs Jennings heirs, Sc, viii proceed e .r.n
public auction. on the premises, on IT. hsrAl .e
22i day of May, lNdj, commencing AT u 4" COCA v
the REAL ESTATE in the bin and pro r..n.s
mentioned, being all the real estate of which W
liam D. Jennings died seized not hSL y, u,
and also q piece Of LAND, OF Mn EIl-IAa
ACRES, adjoining these lands, held by avid wiz.
free, trustee, &c. This property consists d. .a.
onn, Of ONE HUNDRED AND THIETY.>IyFy
AND EliUT-TEN1HS ACRES, lies On ta. Emu.
bridge road, about two and "n"-9al nj, ..4
ing In. farm OF Colonel Dickinson, and b. H.".
wooded and well enclosed, but hts no h"b..r .
amy consequence. am.
Jennings, deceased at present ocrupna ag &r
James u. Vaughn, lying along III" I'm" 81 ..A
Richmond and York River railroad, amt "N's.4..
back Ia the SewbridSc road, and i..chHn- ~ ."'
points opposite Colonel ShsrUIn Mrk"n, 'sT..
three and a half miles below the city. ana opposite
DR.. John L. Garnet ;, about slN mla,- a,.,% Il.
DRIED AND ELEVEN ACRES. This tract H. ..'.
cepts Bile OF being sLh-diyiird H." TIT. ur m.r.
gOrd-.ized farms with front 81 tn" railroad ur '#s
Ncwbridgo road A. may be preferred
PLAT OF these lands, nh ~" suh'.iNs. "s
proposed may be soen NJ the oilc" ~ ia" #..'
tonrer aud Mr. Vaughan will take r.ta-ur.
showing ia, premises To purchaser.
This sale presents ~ opportunity rtr"l" meg VIVA
for ,ecuriu, 4 most desirable market garden t"
suburban farin in short distance ut t,e ,..!. aa4
on q good road.
TERMS: Unn-fourh OF the purghasa money sE8
be required in cash, and the romalHb. ~ #H tar.a
eu1Itl iusia lmtut-. on credit oj >iA. lively.
eighteen months tDr the deferred pa.Mrif. ..#
pure hdser will bv required 10 give his r,-..aaa.
notes with interest added, and tH" TILE I# ".
lands 10 be retained ii II tn" whole pnrfhasa N..f
j. paid and a deed ordered by the court. All 'fA"
duo on the property to be paid hy To- IHr"HHs- s.
The sale will commence IL Tie mansion ha.,e
the homestead tract 4 Il. EuEEIALi,
Special Comms,#3.ar
Sale conducted by ROBERT u. LY>E, H.. s..I's
,r.,i,,..r my MA. b..