The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1866-02-06
THE NATIONAL CAPITAL.
coNrIxuED FROM FIRST PAGE.

eeOsss secure that essential condition. the equal
Sights Of an And he put aside at the outset that meta
hvscsl question worthy Of the schoolmen In the dark
sres whether certain States In the Union out Of
the Union This is q question Of form, not Of
Sss' only ss.r and and 1S Ss S fact
AL are ssrssS s .,, 70 the
sore lamened DEATH that these States have ceased
be in practical relations with the Union And this is
snough sustain the Jurisdiction Of Congress oven with
ssIs Necessity and duty oommingla II what is neces
ssry not always according to duty, surely duty ID
s r.. On the sy un,'s
necessity and duty CHANGING at tho promises OF the
fathers he should exhibit the oyerruling neces
form o Of government and thus % ae.srmns what
BY this nos
.-ss enforce the abolition Of slavery The demand
grant Il peril the peace Of the republic and-postpone
indefinitely the great day q security and
Therefore, in the name Of that national safety which
the supreme law he began his appeal Whatever fs
required for the national safety Ia consttutonaL Not
only 1t may be done, but It must be done. Not
saved Enfranchisemcnt was defined by Mr.. Sum
nef the establishment OF the equal rights
q all 80 that there VIII be no exclusion OF any KIND
fathers shall be fulfilled Such act will be- In the
words Of President Lincon an act Of justice warranted
safety p svely requires that the Acknowledgement thus
prom sed shall be performed The freedman, though
as will resist will be
and ihca will begin the terbe Of Soresecn by
Jefferson, whore God, WITH all His attributes, has none
which will take part with the oppressora The tragedy
of St. Domingo will be renewed WIDER theatre with
biooer Incidents Be warmed by this hstsc precedent
H the denial Of rights TO colored people after
Siveomises that caused that fearful resurrection After
various vcisstudes during which the rights OF citizen
sap were conferred on free people u color and then re-
vcked the slaves at last and hcre the soul sckens
sat1he recital Toussaint L'0uvefture n black OF
snxed blood placed himself At The head OF his race,
my.r cAfv
Whip also Under his magnanincus rule the beautiful
island began TO smile once more agriculture revived,
adopted acknowledging the authority Of France but
In an evil hour this policy was reversed BY decree Of
Napoleon Bonapare. War revived and the French
army was compelled TO succumb. The connection of
St Domingo with France was broken and this leland
became black republic All this drcary catalogue of
murder battle misery and Woo began in the dcEial or
al similar tragedy In jamaica thus swelling the terri
pie testimony Like causes produce like eeota There-
fore all this win be II mady persist in the same
Denial Of justice The freedmen among us are not un
Nike the freedmen Of st. Domingo or ia
Daica They have the same organs, dimelsions
senses, affections, passions, and, above all, the
same sense OF wrong and the same revenge
Passing from the necessity case Mr. Sumner pro
government BY the constitution Assuming that there
has been lapse OF government In any State as TO i'm
then would he insist @ S o sns
duty Of the United States TO that such State has
repuohcan government; and In the discharge Of this
ooanden duty they must declare that State which in
she foundation OF its government ASIDE the consent
Of the governed which imposes taxation without repre-
which lodges power exclusively with an ogarchy artoc
yacy caste monopoly cannot be recognized as repub
can EVEN m ess y .a%s o.
handed down from antiquity invented In monarchical
nations cannot satisfy the solemn injunction OF
cur constitution. For this question ask hearing
Nothing In thepesen debate equal importance
AZ correct determination will DO epoch for our coun-
- abstraction. Il is practical question which you arc
Summoned 10 decide. Here the positive text OF the
o9x., IL wneS, s .ssn
comment OF duty Others in vision or aspiration have
IN soul You must consider i not merely in vision or
npration but practically legislators. in order settle
m prime definition to the end tina: the constitution
and dutics. involved in this definition The
sharactcr Of the government founded by fathers
which not DO forgotten In axing proper mean
eng 70 this test and determining what is republican
sbere 10 no appeal You arc the sole and exclusive
Judges. You may decide you please Rarely In his
man. You may raise the name Of republic 70 majestic
nsghts OF justice and truth, You may let drag low
make Il Sn he ds. Of Hon wheO h. ..S may
commonwealth ought 70 be but huge Christian
parsonage ono mighty growth stature Of honest
man, as bug and compact In virtue in body you may
Iet shrink into the gnoble form of pretcnder with
She name OF republic but with ,ut soul Before con.
gin Of this guarantee, and showed how il obtained
phce IN the constitution, quoting nom Hamilton and
and other trainers OF the constitution, 10 show
Ahat the guarantee must be performed only the
sake Of inds dual States but for the Of the Union
eojects OF the constitution declared In It's preamble
II 70 not merely for the advantage OF Individual
States, but for the common defence and the
general welfare Il Is guarantee 10 each in the in.
esFest OF all and therefore guarantee aI And such
s the solidarity Of states in the Union that the sood Of
md Qf mach For oarl.s ALI
ms guarantee must be performed when the cavs fed
arrivee As guarantor the republic according to
te party guaranteed When the default has occurred
tben the duty fixed In all its amplitude Mr. Sumner
then went on TO examine the true definition Of what
republican form OF government is accord M 10 the
requirements OF the constitution 81 the United States
He puts aside all illustration derived from the spccua
MODS OF ancient philosophy He puts aside the examples
q history ms absolutely inappcsbIe and Of place
ss guide TO the Interpretation Of the constitution and
nc puts aside tho definitions Of European writer's and
eN cogrsphers anterior to the consultation For all tn
have the yagneness and uncertainty OF political truth at
That Time In Europe He does except Monicsquicu who
auickens aud eIevaics without furnishing saisfsctory
Inadc Leaving foreign history and example, Mr. sum-
n:r said he would bring forward the true Of def
milton Every constitution cmbodics the principles Of
We irsmers is a transcript Of their minds lf It's
meaning essa an. any place is open to doubt, or e
signiocance, cannot err II we turn 70 The
and their authority increases in proportion
BY republican form Of government our fathers plainly
Intended that government which embodied the principles
o. which ss they bad struggled Nov appears iha.
,.,aat Of encouniorins The mother country in
,h had herald these principles TO the world A. self
,nent uuihs that they also declared openly they
hsy had ernscas- these prn pes then uUi /. Se
Qua dispute that thase principles must have entered
no '.e laes Of that scsernment which they took
r~'ns to place under the guarantee of the United |
states But these things can be shc~n unsnswerabiy
,naer Tour different heads rrs,As asserted by the