Baltimore daily commercial. [volume] (Baltimore, Md.) 1865-1867, 1866-02-06
SENATE.
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Bureau of Education and the grant of lands for Agr-
cultural Colleges in all the States. Referred to Com
mLttee on Public Lands.
Mr.. Wilson presented the petition of Philip II
sheridan and other officers of the United States army
aSkng an increase of pay to the officers Of the army
referred to Committee on Military Affairs. Also
petition of citizens of Delaware asking an equaliza-
ton of civil and political rights. Referred to Com
Mr.. Foote presented the petition of citizens of
Washington, in relation to the extension of the pub
lie grounds.
AGRICULTURAL IMPLEMENTS
Mr.. Guthrie presented the petition ofeertain man
uacturerS OF Louisville. Ny, asking reduction of
the tax on sales. referred to Committee on Finance
REGISTERING OF VESSELS.
Mr.. Chandler from the Committee on Commerce
reported without amendment the House bill regula-
ting the registering of vessels. Laid over.
, Mr. Lane: OF Indiana introduced n bill based on
those now lin in o oGerati0n in tn? different States
Columbia.
INFORMATION ASKED FOR.
On motion of Mr.. Footo the Secretary of War was
report of Brigadier General Roberts on he hest
method for reclaiming swamp lands in the basin of
the Mississippi.
Mr.. Nye called up the bill to reimburse Paymaster
safe, by means of false keys.
After remarks by number of Senators, the bill
was passed over.
THE RESOLUTION FIXING THE BASIS OF REPRESENTA-
TION.
MIR. Fessenden. according to previous notice. moved
70 take up the JOINT reSo luton from the House, fixing
the basis OF representation. The motion agreed
to.
SPEECH OF Mr.. SUMNER.
Mr.. Sumner said he was not insensible to the re-
sponsibility which he assumed, when he set himself
against proposition which had already received the
sanction of the other House, and been favorably
ported here by the committee to which it had been
referred. Knowing the intelligence, the patriotism,
the moral instincts by which that committee (the re-
Gonstruction) was actuated he was at loss to see
how they could recommend such measure. He had
hoped the day of compromise was passed; all would
acknowledge that moral principle could not be
promised. IL could not read the proposed amend
ment without painful sense. it proposed to adout
into the Constitution of our country at once a dis
cord aud a detilement. This amendment was like
crab, It went backward.
In the country there are now 1000 600 of citizens
robbed of their rights deprived of all share in the
government over them, while at the same time they
are taxed for its support. This principle of taxation
without representation is proposed to be adopted.
Two causes would enSue at once from its adoption.
First II is perfect remuneration of all power the
part OF Congress to remedy a greviouS wrong when,
according to their own acts, that remedy in
their hands In the evening light oflaSt Friday the
Senate had declared the civil rights of all without dis
hnction of color and who could doubt, that they
might declare the political rights of all without dis
nction of color. Second, it would be nothing more
than to hand over wards and allies OF the ReDubc
those WHO had helped to save it. to the rindictiye
control of their late masters. He hoped they would
not initiate Pontus PLATE who after finding the Sa-
yiOr of the world to be without fault handed him
over to be scourged. and let Barrabas. the robber
free.
With sincere regret he had been compelled to differ
with friends here on this matter. He thought they
owed 1t to themselves and to the Republic, to set
themselves against a three headed compromise like
the present, and not, IN imitation OF POntiuS Plate,
hand over whole race to be sacrificed. Il c said he
had made these fey preliminary remarks and before
lutions offered by him on Friday last should he
read.
Mr.. Sumner then proceeded to his argument on
the powers of Congress to procure equal rights for
all. The powers of Congress this subject said
Mr.. Sumner, are as ample as they are benehcent
From four specific fountains they fow-each one
sufficient for the purpose-all four swelling into an
irresistible current, and tending to one conclusion;
first fIp,a, f,y fJ. Nv
the analogics of the territories" diSlOyal States
having no local government, lapse under the au,
4he establishment of all needful guarantees thirdly
the Constitutional Injunction to guaranty republi
can form of government and fourthly, the COnstitu
tiOnal Amendment, by which Congress, in words of
peculiar energy. is empowered ito enforce the abol-
ton of slavery by appropriate legislation"
He proposed to show the necessity and duty cf ey-
ercising the Jurisdiction Of Congress SO to SECURE
that essential condition of republican government,
the equal rights OF all.
Necessity and duty, said Mr.. Sumner, commingle
If what is necessary not always according to duty
surely duty is always necessity. On the present oc
casiOn they unite in one voice for the great guaranty
1t is at once a necessity and duty Glancing at the
promises of the fathers, he should exhibit first the
overruing necessity of the times; and secoldy the
positive mandate Of the Constitution compeiIine lS
to guarantee "a republican form of goycrnment
and thus TO determine what is meant by this renure
ment: all of which has been fortified by the Consttn
tional amendment authorizing Congress to enforce
fhe abolition of sI,very ~ W fe'9P
The demand which hs made stands on nooossi+,,
The Senate must grant it. or nerii the ncare Cf tIc
Republic and postpone indefinitely tho Great dav Of
security and reconciliation Therefore in the name
Of that national safety which is the supreme law he
began his appeal Whatever is required for the ma
tonai safety is Constitutional. Not only It mGg be
done but il must be done Not To do If is to fail in
duty This Republic must be saved "
Enfranchisement was defined by Mr.. Sumner al tho
establishment of the equal rights of all 30 that there
will be no exclusion Of any kind civil or nHiicaI
founded or color but the promises Of onr fatber,
shall he ffed The rational fet, ~
+ba
be performed 3D"'-
The freedman continued Mr. Sumner. though for
rage always lie will resist Resistance Will he or
ganized, And here will begin the Terrible war Of
tributes has none which can Ike par WITH WI m tbc m on at
pressoTs Tn, tragedy of ST Domingo will he renew
ed on wider theatre with bloodier incidents Re
warned by this historic precedent II was the dnioI
of rights to coored people agr excessive promises
which naused that fearful iInSnrrection - 0t-i'''
Passing from the necessity If the ease Mr. Simmer
proceeded to consider the guaranty of rennbcan
form of government by the Constitution Assuming
that there has been a lanse of government in on5
State, as to impose upon the United States the
duty OF executing this guarantee, then would he
insist that is the bounden duty of the United States
ment," and, in the discharge of this bounden duty
they must declare that State which, in the founda-
ton of government sets aside the consent of the
governed"-which imposes taxation without repre-
sentation-which discardg the principle Of equal
rights, ana which lodges power exclusively with
oligarehy aristocracy caste or monopoly cannot be
to the requirement of American institutions.
Mr.. Sumner then went on to examine the true diff
milton OF what is republican form of government"
according to the requirements OF the Constitution of
the United States.
Leaving foreign history and example, Mr.. Sumner
brought forward the true of definition. Every
constitution said he, embodes the principles of its
trainers. 1t Is a transcript of their minds If its
meaning IN any place Is open to doubt, or if words
are used which seemed to have no fixed significance,
we cannot errlt we turn to the framersi and their
authority increases IN propnrtion to the evidence
which they have lett on the question. By re
publican form OF government our fathers plainly
intended that government which embodied the
prInclples for which they had struggled.
Mr. Sumner proceeded to show by copious illustra-
t0ns from history that our fathers struggled year
after year IN controversy with the mothes country
and then went Iorth to battle TO establish the very
brhclples ior %nieh ne is now contending To secure
the natural rghts OF men, and especially to vindcate
the controlling maxim that there can be no taxation
"lth2ut teseuIdtioh' Ineg Iought WIN argument
ana men m " WIN % arms.
AT o;io /, NJ "lthont cqncu udlng his remarks, Mr.
sumner gave way 10 hF. hTlmes, who moved TO go
INTO executive session, ut the conclusion Of which,
the senate adjourned.
HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES,
BILLS INTRODUCED
The Speaker stated that the only business in order
was the call OF the states or bills to be introduced
and referred without debate.
Mr. Blame OF Name, introduced q Dill providing
Tor Tor SPeclai enumeration OF the inhabitants OF the
United STATES prior TO october J. 1900. Referred TO
NJ Wercor ~ po ~ iuotIS. tIS u uItiIHi u III,
on oar ncornoroti 3 % @ GIl 10 amend
Tnmnanv Of tba D;uf1ict of TIhi Iai urdhce
0Gpo NJ n 20 ' ne S{ Iict OF opiuliola referred
Ahl' law, 4hdea., lulTouuCcu n OIL amend