New-York tribune., 1866-12-28
SCIENCE.

TBR VOWEL ELEMENTS IN SPEECH MI oAnOEb oi li
PoRrEE Of Hartford Conn., has communication on WIS SUI
, 4o r,@es in which he has successfully 9stenazed that
before known and has presented certain new reIal
otSer writers Tie novelty system that 1t asgns 70
different places and thus ranges undeT separate gIonP e
Nhich hay commonly viewed as differing mercy In
Of opeuness This is ingeniousy Illustrated by uas
paatolngual positions This table Of simple WOW el % en m
smbraecs in nine GROUPS many notifications OF 'ONes az
heard in u the modern languages. The iohoNIhs P
1les are tie key 20 the system 60 49,. 4, :
An lie vowes are articulated primarily between The
tongue and palate Some Of them those usually eaeS % inn
told core all further modified Uy he action Oi s
An are thus palate ngua simply or else Aoio palate uas
and the latter consist Of plao bdS SsSoe III Us %
employed by itself aud Of iabal part Whch Is phoah' on
~hH sTos s Effected as between the tongue and the
ste In the following The organs are 50 disposed
and the usees tongue with those also O the so palate
fhe Tsysrlance sound which comes hom the larynx
hs massage differs for oil the yOves as 10 modify the sound
H artear for eachthe cases excepted OF coarse
h which palatongusl articulation makes tive dis
tinc JoWes used with without the laba modification
be laal modification is effected by firm contraction and
more or less protruon Of the lips together with night tension
Of cheeks to eus further reverbenop OF sound
and thus give the vowel different character 20 the ear the
soand reveTbeated through two passages OF cavities pS@d
III The yowes-lsbal and nonlaba-are assorted into
groups according the passage extends more
S sS5 sT S odne The Literal margins Of the
tongue the sides Of the palate III hna the tube SO ioea
reaches quite forward under the dome OF the bapaate and
uely 10 the tp Of the tongue For the anterior groups the
pace more precisely determined upon the palate than upon
w Each group thus determined embraces individual vowes
differing n dogrfe as more open close The differ
effected in the palate ngua passage by appro1lma
ing more on palate the part of the tongue AZ the place
Of articulation especially at te on terminus Of the passage
The passage nav time be narrowed more or less
As Of the margin Of the tongue put into contact
with borders Of the palate The lsOals " need no Oher
or further criterion for in their the less opennes
Of the lips viii correspond TO that between the tongue and
palate. 40
meets disputed points concerning the relation OF he
Vovel pitch Have the Iowels each what may 9e
called any their natural pitchi This So can e
little to knowledge Of their proper vowel ehaTaoes when
remains the same under every variety Of pitoh ts se
character OF each vowel TO be explained as certain c3ha
ton OF harmonic posi This II so will not help much IN our
physiological inquiries tin have better underanaing OF
nend IN other cases Prof Max Muller In reporting the dis
coTeries HemhOlst this point tells Us the vowel q9a Is
20 A analogous the tre by which IN
the VIOLIN flute harp &c are one
from another Bat have voices differing do the insu
which ken hem yet each Vo'ce ntterng All inc
Vowes and giving TO every one Its peeuAI cAsaete We
cannot therefore accept this adequate explanation
There two or three facts under TINS mead hlc hot al
ready familiar be easily verified FW III We utterln sue
ession any the simple vowel elements We shall
ind them naturally taking different pitch one from the Other
referring 10 the series OF groups arranged according 70 he
ee Of articulation reaching more or less upon
iheue ana e find that in passing rom any IoTe IN
ME scale 10 one further iUT Terd and similar N degree o oPe
ness the voice rises pitch while proceeding IN the other d
SSS5 Ts;GoSss s eTssOn @ s Sc He Of the
tongue have uenc6 upon those of the nx through me
which both organs are connected by muscle alignment The
connection is such that movement 81 the tongue WI RlG1
readusnent Of the muscles g. the arynx to keep the latter
organ In tie e place and condition before and observe
the pitch Hence through the two successive Vowels
natur 10 vary the pitch Ssod Every singer knows that
Oily with certain yowes can the extremely high notes be fairy
Resched and only with certain others again the lowest The
convection JUST mentioned the tongue and the aynx
will snhce 10 explain this also though would not arm h
owels cannot be uttered on every pitch equal purity Of
zone and thee would to be one certain key or each On
that Is the free from deOrdant nteTmxture The same
above mentioned have an agency in this case also
but the author thinks that here the eeet may Oe que
70 the form and dimensions Of the vOweltuDe.