The evening telegraph. [volume] (Philadelphia [Pa.]) 1864-1918, 1866-04-27
FOREIGN SCIENCE.
HIaH TEMPERATuRE.

gas The conditions necessary tor this purpose
he states as IollOws:-
First. Combustion without excess OF air or gas
totally effected within the space to be heated and
Sec nd. Ia idity OF supply OF the combustent
gas sufficient TO maintain the high temperature not
wlthstanding loss oil heat rom the sheaths other
causes. To sa isy these two conditions, be injects
air INTO COP or tube three or four 6eclnetres IN
holes pierced opposite to each other; here the
tube is surrounded by sleeve fed with the gas
which, drawn in by the current Of all, rushes into
and mixes with 1t. he supply of gas is regulated
by stop cock, that OF ihe ar by given pressure
When this mixture OF air and Is ignited, it pro.
duces large blue flame the calorhc power of
winch does not appear to be intense than that
OF q common blow pipe OF equal dimensions; but ii
the flame penetrates INTO Refractory envelope with
out drawing IN any x,erior air, the flame me becomes
space NO exp osion is 10 be feared, but the
burnt gas must have q proper outlet from the
SPONTANEOUS GENERATION.
While NM. Pouchet, Jolly, and De Masset are
Ysting after the conflict, or sharpening their
Weapons for a new onset M. Vlctor Meunier
continues the war on his ogn account with NJ.
Pasteur. A lew weeks ago the latter gentleman
reluctantly replied TO M. Meuners attack,
obiecting to the manner in which his expert
ments had been conducted. M. Meunier now
comes with a rejOinier founded upon new
Il series Of experiments, the results OF which will
be best understood from his conclusions" He
says:-
any balloon provided with bent neck must oe
barren, because he slnuosites OF the neck prevent
the entrance OF al atmospheric germs, for NJ heu-
. shows that the ba either be barren or
fruitful ding to the putrescent substance intro
duced into It, and that whether the neck be straight
n ammalcules III his experiments, 1t is simply be-
cause the substance he employed was not OF nature
Second That NJ Flourens some months ago
said;-"In order to have anImalcules, what must
be done II spontaneous generation exstsI Air and
putrescent substaDc must Oe brought together.
Now, Nj Pasteur does so, and gets nothing from it,
Hence spontaneous 4enerauen does not exist 70
which absolute algument NJ Meunier replies that
his last experiments do not allow OF the question
being put III hat way any longer; for that II no
balloon with q bent neck, pants and anmacules
are produced II both be put IN instead Hence the
choice of the substance Is an important condition.
which NJ. FlouIens has not taken into account.
Third That one of M Pasteurs fundamental argu-
ments beng that siuce balloons filled with air
certain and at different places sometimes have ANIMAL
cules and sometimes not, the atmosphere sometimes
does and others does not cont in germs; to which
h. MeUnler lies that as balloons with bent necks
present quito as, different results as those with
straight ones while no germs can get into the
former from the air, it follows that the air has
nothing to do with it,
NEW MOTOR.
The London SNn speaks OF a recent trial of
new principle Of motion as applied to vessels,
patent. The Nautilus, to which the power has
been applied was butt expressly to show that it
can, with less horsepower than ordinary river
boats, equal them in speed.
The Ndutl,uS, at the trial, started from VauX-
hall Bridge Pier at eleven o'clock In the morn
ing, and ran up and down the Thames in COM
pany with other rlver steamers, and held way
with them steadily, gaining little on some.
She ran between Vauxhall and Westminster
4 Bridges, with the wind and tide, in A minutes 26
| seconds, and against in minutes % seconds,
being at the raJe of 1876 and To miles per hour
respectively, or at the average speed OF 1895
miles per hour-say 1Ot. She then steamed
down the river, and when off the Tunnel Pier,
with both strong wind and tide in her favor,
going at full speed, was made to stop suddenly
by reversing the valves. sac stopped dead In
less than ten seconds, and in about quarter
of her length. The propeller is nothing
more nor less than water taken in under her
bottom and set in motion by simple machinery
4 worked by o steam engine. The water is dis
N charged in a heavy stream on both sides Of the
vessel; consequently, there is nothing outside
the vessel to be injured by any accident.
Another important novelty is that the vessel is
quite independent OF her rudder, and is worked
under the complete control of the master,
officer of the watch, or man on deck, without
Il any communication with the engine.
PHOTOGRAPHY.
y The following are new methods introduced in
FIapce The salts OF uranium now attract par
ticular attention, and the following process is
recommended by M. Leroy Gates:-
Dissolve 333 centigr. OF nitrate of uranium in
1856 cubic centmetres of water; to this solution
add saturated solution of bicarbonate OF soda
stirring constantly, until the liquid has become
quite alkaline yellow precipitate is soon
formed, which is separated by filtration, after
which so much distilled water is added TO the
liquid as will bring it to 1876 cubic centimetres
This the author calls solution No. l. Solution
o.
dissolved in 1856 cubic centimetres of water.
For toning, mix 81 cubic centimetres OF each in
one litre of lukewaIm water whereby a sort of
alloy of gold and uranium is deposited on the
photograph.
Mr.. Watson Simpsons Opdlotype process has
been modified as follows by Mr.. Seely. II is
dry collodion process, producing very rapid
\ and satisfactory results The colodion should
be prepared as follows:-Etner 249 cubic CEN
timetres alcohol, l55 do. gun-cotton, from to
gr.; chloride of strontium, from 2 to or.
This collodion should be left to stand till per-
fecty clear, and then decanted. The silver
bath is prepared with 0'389 gr of alcohol 1892
do of nitrate of silver, and about 2 gr. citrc
acid. OF this pour drop by dlop one part and
half into six and half OF the former, stirring
continually. The collodion thus obtained will
keep long time N the dark; it is spread out
as usual in dark chamber left to dry, and
then EMPLOYED when required.
Nitrate of silver, which is extensively used
in photography, is by no means sold in the
shops in pure state, and photographers who
wish 10 produce superior copies should there
Lyte's process for the purpose;-The trade arti
Gle is first partially purified By crystallizaton
it is then redlssolved to saturation In boiling
water, and one per cent. of nitric acid Is added
The liquid is constantly stirred while cooling
crystalline powder is gradually deposited
which is collected on filter and washed viii
water acldulated with ten per cent. of nitric
acid. The salt thus obtained is chemically pure
MISCELLANEOUS.
At recent sitting of the Paris Academy O
q Sciduces, information was communicated in re
gard to the volcanic phenomena Of the Island o
Santorlno. According to the accounts received
u from this source, the CONFUSION IS on the in
crease and several small islands have mad
n +beir anneaTance around Nea Kammoni. Kin,