The Caledonian. [volume] (St. Johnsbury, Vt.) 1837-1867, 1866-02-23

in~ sections make PROVISIONS for the REM
or purchase of landed estates Tor freedmen,
and for the erection. for their benefit, OF
suitable buildings for asylumS and schools,
the expenses to be betrayed from the
treasury of the whole people, The Con
greSs of the United States has never be-
fore thought itself competent TO establish
any laws beyond the limits of the District
of Columbia, except for the benefit oi
our disabled soldiers and sailors. 1t has
never founded schools for any class or for
our OWN people, moi even for the orphans
of those who have fallen in the defense OF
the Union, but has left the care OF their
education 10 the much more competent
and efficient control of the states. OF COM
munities. of private associations and ot
individuals. Ii has never deemed itself
authorized TO expend the public money
for the rent or purchase of houses for the
thousands. not 10 say millions. of the
white race who are honestly toiling from
dav TO day for their subsistence A sys-
TEN for the support OF INDECENT persons
in the 'mited States WAS never contem-
plated bv the authors of the constitution.
nor c;in good reason I've advanced why. rs
a permanet establishment. ii should b.
founded for one class or color of orr peo-
pie more than another Before the war
many refugees and freedmen received sup
port from the government. but 1t WAS ner-
er intended that they should thcneeiorth
be te'l. clothed. educated and sheltered by
the United States The idea on which
the slaves Were assisted 10 freedom w.
that on becoming free they would be a
selt-Susiainins populatian- Any le=i~la-
ton that shall imply that they are not ex-
pected 10 attain selt->ustainlng condition
must have Il tendency injurious alike 10
their character and their prosperity
The appointment of an agent for every
counlv :lnd parish will create an immense
patronage. and the expense of the numer-
Gus officers and their clerks 10 he appoint
ed bv the President. will he great in the
BEGINNING. with tendency steadily 10 in
crease i'he appropriations asked 10y the
frcedmcn> bureau. al NOW established for
,iie YEAR is,i,i, amount 10 SILL 10 900
l. may he safely estimated that the cosi
IL be incurred unler the pending bill will
require double that amount-more than
Ihe ,ntire sIm expended in any one ye:,I
u..jec The administration OF the second
Adams Ii the presence of accents IN
every parish and county l. 1" he consl'ier-
81 a. :, war measure. opposition. or even
resistance. NIGH, be provoked. ~ that IL
IKE yileci 10 their jurisdiction troop,
would have 10 be sialivned within reach
Of every cnc OF them. and thus large
>lanlin. force lie rendered necc>sary.-
l-argc appropriations would. therefore. 10,
required 10 sustain ard enforce miilt:ir,
jurisdiction lii every county or parish
from the Potomac Ia The Rio Grin,ie.
The condition of our fiscal affairs i:
encouraging. but IN order TO sustain lhi
present measure OF public confidence ii l.
necessary that W. practice tot merely
customary economy. but. ~ far a. posi-
nir. severe reireIlchmcnt.
In addition 10 the objections abroad,
stated. the fifth section of the bill pro
poses 10 take AWAY land from lis former
owmcrS without any legal proceedings Ice
INC Iii,>i had. contrary 10 that provision oi
the Constitution which declares that nc
person shall he deprived OF life. liberty OF
property without due process of law Il
dos not appear that a part of lhe land,
10 which this section refers may not b,
owned by minors. or persons OF unsound
mind. or hy those who have been faithful
IL all their obligations a. citizens Of iii,
tniic,l States. Il ANY portion of III,
l;.ni is held hv >;lch persons. it Is moi
competent tcr any authority 10 depriN,
them OF ii. Ii. on the other hind. ii b,
found that The property i liable 10 conii>
cation. even then il cannot be appropriate,
10 pull. purposes until. by due process O
law. il -ilail have been forfeited 10 Tia,
Government.
There are still further objections 10 ih'
bill Oh GROUNDS seriously affecting the cla>,
ot persons 10 whom it J. designed 10 hrir.
relief !; will tend ia keep the minds G
il.c freedmen IN a stale ot Uncertain eN
ncctalion and reStle~>ne~>, while 10 tho>,
among whom he lives ii Will lie 4 sourc,
of constant and vague apprehension. Cm
douhte,liy The freedmen should be project
cd hy the civil au;horiiie>-especially l.,
il.e cAerv.>. OF al The constitutional pow
0r> of The courts al the United SIaIe> an,
: of the States. His condition i not 20 eX
posed H. NAV NJ first lie imagined: he /
IN Il portion ot tine country where his Ia
, ior cai:sot lie m,ii si.arC'! conpet'iior
for his services from i'lantcrs-from ihoS
whc are constructing or reopening rail
roads, or from capitalists In his yicinage
: ur i-ol,a Other STATES. viii enable him I,
. cnmna:!i almost lr,> GYM ieIms- lie ais,
/, po>>cs>,> u perfect r;.hi 10 change his plac
ca abode and il, therefore he does no
: lind III one community or Stale a mode o
1 life suited TO his desires, or proper remu
: neration for his labor. he can move TO IN
other. where labor l. more esteemed an,
batter rewarded in truth. however, e;lcf
state. induced by ais own " ANS and inter
r e>i>. will do what Is necessary aud props
/ I" retain within it> borders all The labo
: that is needed tor the Development of ii,
: resources. The laws that regulate sup
. ply and demand will maintain their force
and the WAGES of the laborer will he rer