Wilmington journal. [volume] (Wilmington, N.C.) 1844-1895, 1866-07-05

sure tudt he Is mistaken. On In6 OLQef lanQ
adopt it, and you will inaugurate agitation
much more powerful, much more uncomfortable.
Sir, the negroes in Eastern Carolina, and must
remain for years. The peace, the prosperity of
our section depend on the cultivation, on part,
of the best and kindest relations Their interests
interests, their welfare our prosperity and
whenever permitted, we will show to them and the
world that whatever justice, right, or a common
interest demands, they shall have.
EUROPE-THE MILITARY SITUATION,
Strength of the Hostile Powers-The Question
Observation-Disclosures Theatres of the War.
The following, in addition to explaining the
c0sus 6eUi that now threatens to shake Europe to
its foundations, gives such information to the
strength of the belligerents and their relative
geographical positions will enable the reader,
with the aid of any modern school atlas, to COM
prehend the present military situation and to fol-
low intelligently any subsequent movements that
may be made by any of the high contending par
ties. In view of the prospect of q great and
highly Interesting war, would recommend the
preservation of the article for reference
1.-PRUssA.
The area of Prussia is at present los, ,212 Eng
lish square miles, or about equal to the combined
territory of Georgia and Florida. The popula
tiOn, according to the of 1864, Is, 3O4,
843, falling but little below that of the Northern
States of the Union The great majority of the
population are Germans the total number of per-
sons belonging to non German nationalities be-
ing 1904, 49, A considerable portion of the lat
ter are feeble remnants of small tribes which are
rapidly being absorbed by the German nationai-
ty. Within the last few years the Government of
Prussia made several important additions to the
former dominions, requiring first the two Prnci
palities of Hohenzollern, next the important sea-
coast district of Yahde, which it purchased from
Oldenburg, and more recently the Duchy of Lau-
enburg which was coded to it by Austria for
pecuniary consideration. 1t holds, moreover,
possession of Scheswig, and avows its intention
to permanently annex to Prussia both this Duchy
and that of Holstein. In point of administration,
Prussia not inferior to any other country of the
world. It's finances, unlike those of Austria and
Itlay, in sound condition its army discipline
has long been the admiration of the entire civilized
world. The army, footing, numbers
100 OOO and it's fleet consisted, in 1865, of thirty
seven steamers, eight sailing vessels, forty row.
ing vessels; total, eighty-tive war vessels. The
regning King is William l., born in 1897, who
succeeded his brother Frederic William ~, in
January, 1861. 49,"
u.-AUsTKIA.
The Austrian Empire, as at present constituted,
is divided into nineteen provinces, the of which
is 236, 81 English square miles; with total popu
lation according to computation, of 36,795, 900
souls. This population is divided, with respect to
race and language, into no fewer than twelve diff
ferent nationalities, namely:
Germans, 5000, 900 Bohemans, Moravans and So-
Slavenians 12OOOO Croats, 1850 900 Serviaus no.
elusive LATIN and Faus 0o6 Eastern Romans
2,7OO,O0O; Members of other races, 100000.
Austria is one of the great military powers of
Europe, her army on a war footing being over half
a million of men. The navy, however, is compar-
atvely small, consisting, in August, 1864, of 80
steamers, with $50 guns and II, ,73O horse power,
and 20 sailing vessels, with 145 guns Great ef-
forts have been made within the past few years to
raise the Imperial navy to state of high etcien-
cy by the substitution of steam for sailing vessels
and the gradual formation of iron clad fleet of
war. Austria has become constitutional mon
archy since 1910, the main features of the consti
tuition consisting first OF the Provincial Diets rep
resenting the various States of the monarchy
secondly, Central Diet, or Council OF the EN-
pire and thirdly, reduced form of the
latter Partial Council of the Empire
as it is called. The public debt of the EN-,
revolution in 17S9 was $174, 500 900, had grown
in 1863 to 21O 222 O95. From 1889 to the present
time there has not been single year In which the
revenue of the State has come up to the expendl-
ture. The present Emperor, Francis Joseph L,
was born in August, 1880, and proclaimed
Emperor and King in consequence OF the abdlca-
ton of his uncle, Ferdinand I, and the renuncia-
ton of his father, Francis Charles, December 2,
1949. He was commander-in-Chief Of the Aus
trian army in the italian campai gn of 1859.
Iu-TTALY.
The Kingdom of Italy has an erea of 99,784
English square miles, with population, accord
ing to the last census taken in the Spring of 1864,
habitants to the square mile figure higher than
that of France and Germany, but lower than that
of England. There has been in some OF the Pro
vinces rapid increase of population of late years;
but the increase of wealth has been much more
rapid within the last century than the increase OF
population. The great mass of the people are de-
voted to agricultural pursuits, and the town pop
ulation is comparatively small. 1t has seafaring
population of 15S, 692 individuals, nearly all OF
whom are liable to the maratime conscription.-
The military organization of the Kingdom is based
on CONSUMPTION, and the standing army consists
of more than 200, 900 men on peace footing, and
more than 400, 600 war establishment. The
navy of the Kingdom consisted in 1865 of SO stea-
mers of 90 76O horse power with ?, 16O guns, and
II sailing vessels with 279 guns; altogether, l15
men -of-war with 2, 439 guns. Italy has public
debt of nearly eight hundred millions of dollars
The expenditure is largely in excess OF the annual
revenue The reigning Sovereign, Victor Eman,
uel H. was born March A. 1920, and is the eldest
son of King Charles Albert, of Sardinia, and Arch
duchess Theresa, of Austria. He succeeded to
the throne on the abdication of his father March
%, 1S49, and was proclaimed King of Italy by
vote of the italian Parliament, March II, 1861.
Iv.-THE GERMAN CONFEDERATION.
The German Confederation was organized in
1915, upon the ruins of the German Empire, which
had been dissolved in 1906. The object OF the
Confederacy, according to the first article of the
Federal constitution is ' the preservation of the
internal and external security of Germany and the
independence and inviolabilty of the various Ger
man States" The organ and representative OF
the Confederation is the Federal Diet, consisting
of Plenipotentiares of the several German States,
and permanently located in the free city of Frank
fort. The Administrative government of the Fed
eral Diet is constituted in two forms First,
General "ASsens6ly or PIent0a, in which every mem
Der of the Confederation has at least vote, and
the larger States have two, three or four votes
each and second, the Minor Council, or Commit
too Of Confederation. which the eleven larger