Public ledger. [volume] (Memphis, Tenn.) 1865-1893, 1866-06-04
The Treaties of 18l5-Main Points Of the
Treaty Vienna and the Holy Alliance
Arrangement.


Arrangement.
From the Pail Mall Gazette, May li.l
As the treaty of Vienna may once
mere be made the stalking horse Of Bors
apartist ambition, it may be interesting
to the general reader who is more learned
in present politics than in past history
to be reminded what that famous treaty
really was. In the first place, it was
signed by larger number of States than
had ever before united in settlement of
European affairs. including Austria,
France, England, Russia, Prussia, Spain,
Portugal and Sweden. Coming almost
Immediately after the shattering of old
landmarks consequent upensFrench con
quests, the Encouragement OF territories
amounted almost to a reconstruction.
This reconstruction was based almost
exclusively upon dynastic considerations,
the real welfare of nations and the ten
denotes of what are now " nationalities
being scarcely thought Of Everywhere
nations, or fragments of nations, placed
under foreign sovereignties.
Englands gain, indeed was fully
eqnaled by her loss in the new plan. She
kept Malta, which was essential to her
position in the Mediterranean, and where
her rule was not unwelcome; for the sake
of Europe generally she undertook the
protectorate of the Ionian Islands, now
got rid of; and to satisfy royal prejudices
she also preserved the kingdom of Han
over, now also got rid Of
In Italy, Milan and Venice were given
to Austria, and Sardinia was confirmed
to Piedmont; white the Duchies of Tus-
cany, Parma, Modena and Placentia were
recognized as sham independent SOW
ereignties, governed by collateral
branches of the Austrian Hapsburg.
Austria still further obtained possession
of the Tyrol, Illyria and Dalmatia "A !.
Prussia's gains were enormous, and,
unlike many of the Austrian, were ac-
quisitions of real power. With half OF
Saxony, nearly all Westphalia, Swedish
Pomerania, and almost all the Lower
Rhine provinces, she started afresh as
rival of Austria far more formidable than
before, !.
In the North of Europe, Russia re-
ceived Finland from Sweden; as com
pensation for which Sweden received
Norway, which was taken from Den
mark; and Denmark, who was not rep
resented at the Congress, got nothing in
return.
As to Poland, the three great parti-'
TONERS made some fresh rectihcation of
boundaries
The innumerable small German States
which had existed before the French rev.
olution, and which had been what diplo-.
matists called mediatized, or, rs plain
people call it, swamped, at the settingnp
of the Bonapartist Confederation of the
Rhine-these remained swallowed up by
their powerful neighbors. .N
Holland, having ceded her German
possessions, was consoled with the Bel
gic provinces, and became a kingdoin,
and Switzerland remains much as before.
In the same year, 1915, political phar-
isaism accomplished its masterpiece, the
Holy Alliance" between Austria, Rus
sia, and Prussia, by which they bound
themselves to act for the future on Chris
tian principles only, and Immediately
proceeded to enforce the absolute supre-
macy of kings as the one great principle
of Christianity. All Europe acquiesced
in the announcement, with three notable
exeeptions-the Sultan, whose opinion
was not asked. and England and the
Pope, who both declined to have any
thing to do with the imposture.