Daily union and American. [volume] (Nashville, Tenn.) 1865-1866, 1866-01-12

o..
Massachusetts,. l,zl.ioi ia ..-'....
Michigan n.-....- r 81 !4z3i4 ---''.''
Min1ess0ta MiInI.s;na ... ...... s5sSSi S 4s;ssi
Missouri ......................s l06S.50s ll4,sl
New Hampshire-..-.-.-. 8 5z2.5S '--.--,,,
New Jersey...-......-....- oio,0S5 10
New York 3ool,lU .......ss
North Carolina....-. aiis 6Sl ,l00 s3i.o0s
Ohio io......................l9 2302.S3S
Oregon oz.5Si '.'-'.'-'
Pennsylv -- 2 Z635,1oo
Rhode Island..-......-,,. ,7, IlQ56S xxy-;,.: x;c
South Carolina..-.., 4 zl,5oo iUz,5n
Tennessee. e....-...-.......-- - o9,lsz za91W
Texas. ts 5sl,LSt Ao-,oVo
Vermont t...,..-.,.,.,,.5 St4y,5 ,,:..,.,. e.:
Virginia l,U4!,4u 4sVooo
Wisconsin .....--..-.e D lit fi4,fiV '''-.-..'
TotaI.-...............,...,,,. - .~ ,7osl57 ss5oss5
The free colored population of the States in
1860 was 476.562. making total Of 81 Jay $40 m
The States which have gained in their repre-
sentation are: Arkansas l; California, l; dIli-
nois, 5; Iowa, 4; Louisiana. l; Michigan. 2; Mis-
souri, 2; Texas. 2; and Wisconsin, 3. .
Westward the course of empire takes its way,
as will be seen by this representative increase In
| that direction.
white population of 325 coo. has but three repre-
| sentatives, while Louisiana, with white Popula
| ton of $4,000 has five. Other free and former
slave States show in about the same relative pro
portion owing to the rule of counting three
of the slaves as persona, and the other two-nitns
as cattle-one of the sharp practices OF the Soutn
yet. tt..f,-fT fi.a-. a, c.4o.
Constitution, is still in force, and can not oe re-
pealed except in the usual manner OF amendlng
| the Constitution, familiar to every inteihgent
Mississippi and South Carolina are the only two
of the States as win be seen by the table, in which
| the slave population exceeded the WHITE. Mlssls
| sppi is entitled to five members in the House OF
Representatives, Theoretically speaking, whlle e
| California with seven thousand, four hundred
| and fifty-two more whites than Mississippi, has
| only three Representatives.
In truth, this whole subject OF spp1r5uonhM1ens
| receive it when Congress fairly settles down 70
4 work, and disposes Of some other matters OF I'M
The inst and proper plan would be to base the
| number of Representatives in the House upon the
i actual number of voters in each state, As mas
been recently proposed sGms for yoers
| alone are entitled TO representaton--Ne'c IorS
| Herald. 44-t
4 The above article from the New York
Herald presents, for consideration some very
important and interesting subjects. 1t opens
the whole question of representation in the
National Legislature; proposes or suggests
an entire change in the rule prescribed IN
the Constitution of the United States for the
apportionment of Representatives among
the States included within the Union; as
prescribed IN that instrument. se !
For the better understanding of the ques-
1 ton we give the provisions of the Constltu-
ton prescribing the rule Of apportionment
Representatives and direct taxes shall
be apportioned among the several States
which may be includedwithin this Union, ac
cording to their respective numbers, whlcf
shall be determined by adding to the whole
number of free persons, including thos'
bound to service for term OF years, an'
excluding Indians not taxed, three-ifths
all other persons. The actual enumeration
shall be made within three years after tn
first meeting of the Congress OF TN
United States, and within every saDse
quent term of ten years, In sucfs manner
they shall by law direct. The number o
REPRESENTATIVES shall not exceed one 10
every thirty thousand, but each State snai
have at least one Representative; ana unti
: such enumeration shall be made, the StaI
, of New Hampshire shall be entitled t
choose three. Massachusetts, eight, Rhode Is
land and Providence Plantations one, Con
l t;cut FIVE. New York six, New Jersey foul
: Pennsvlvania eight. Delaware one, Mary
!, land six, Virginia ten, North Carolina 1y' !,
South Carolina five, and Georgia three
COylStltuttOn DJ tne CHtteu c'oeooj %h'''' - ~
a ton 2, Pnraguph 8. ma,
G This is the basis of the apportior
msnt of Representatives among th
States of lbe Union as prescribed in the Cor
stitution. 1t is clear, definite, and easil
g understood. Indeed, there is no room fc
a / doubt or cayil. 1t was framed and submit
: ted TO the people of the States for ratif
cation bv the good men, the Wis
i IL .of.o on, w dQIeQ9fi
of the thirtheen States, composed u
L Convention of 1877. Men fresh frol
r the Revolution: men who had perile
n ali Men who had pledged their lives, the
IA Sort,nes and their sacred honofs for IL
ocb;evement of the Independence of the
ie conntrv-themselve and their posterit
l. Men who had established their liberty ar
: RIGHTS of seIf-government, and no men {
eartb knew better the cost of the rights al
u liberties enjoyed than they did. The Co
I'd vention of l7S7 was composed of delegat
$, rom thirteen States, seven Northern Stat
= and six Southern States. In the conye
y t;on each State stood upon an equal footin
"a Each delegation had one vote in that boz
IN without regard to the number OF delegat
D. nresent or the number Of persons In. the
:. respective States. The State Of Rhode
land and Providence plantations had Z
same mower that Massachusetts, had. Del
ne ware was equal in power, in that body,
a. the State of Virginia. Each State was
=. coonized to be and was Sovereignty. 20
se9uentlv equal. The Northern States
W sovereicnties had the majority in that co
IS vention. and consequently had the power
prevent the adoption of any provision u
n was not right. The conventions IN designs
ING the number of Representatives VIII
en- each State should be entitled to choose, .
ed I'll a census should be actually taken,
tn signed to the seven Northern States thur
!. five and TO the six Southern States thir
in ali sixty-fiye. The constitution PROVO
that each State shall be entitled TO two 81
ators. without regard to the number OF p
sons Il NAV contain. The Northern Sta
had the majority in each House in the b
CONGRESS. and in each succeeding Congr
that majority has been held by the Nor
ern States. sf55.
The basis Of apptrtionment Oh heplese
atiyes was adopted by the Conyennon
17s7. and incorporated into the Consfitutl'
and has been observed from that time 70
present. This rule requires that three-ni
of The. slaves shall be counted in maxi
the apportionment Of fRepresentatlyes ame
the States II is clear that the rule ef Goa
ino tkrce-6fshs Of the slapes as persons, and
;, other hco-fifks as cattle" was not one
uI sharp practices Of The Seuthsners ,ca'ea
yankees had not pat a stop 10 yet~ II
two-ffhs of the slaves not counted IN
portioning Representatives among the st'
are CATTLE" they were made 90 BY the !,
egates from the Northern States IN the =
yention of 1877, rather than by sharp p
fees Of The Sosakerners." II the sharp pr
tices Of the Southerners in the Convent
could have succeeded, doubtless the WI
90 number of slaves would have been eoun
90 instead Of only three-ffths, and the Of
-se two-fifths would not have been trans,orr
20 into CATTLE BUTT is supposed that an
coming prevailed over the sharp practiee
the southerners, and tvo-ffsh. Of the si'
were excluded and made seattle"
The Convention thought the rule Tor
100 apportionme8t OF Representatives among
.se States was wise, right and just. lhe pei
75 of the States, concurring with the Von'
tion, ratified and adopted i. Il STOOD
Iwao - . n j. -