American citizen. [volume] (Butler, Butler County, Pa.) 1863-1872, 1866-07-25
Prussia, Austria, and Italy.


ambition as Europe has ever seen. We
d2 not believe Louis Napoleon to be the
only ambitious and able man in Europe,
and therefore we do not hold him exclu-
sively responsible, But doubtless the
meeting of some months ago between
Bismarck and Napoleon had a very sig
nifcant bearing upon the present situa-
tion. If they had not both been ready
and wiling to make war the peace would
not have been broken
The heaty which settled the chleswig
Holstein war was signed at Vienna on the
30th October, 1864. Schleswig- Holstein
and Lauenburg were ceded by that treaty
to the joint protectorate of Prussia and
Austria. Within the year following
Austria sold to Prussia her rights in Lau-
enburg for 2,5O0,O 600 thalers, and by the
Convention of Gastein of August Is,
1865, it was agreed that the joint occu-
patton should cease, Austria taking pos
session OF Halstein and Prussia of Sche7
leswig. Prussia then began to press Aus
tria to yield her rights in Holstein, which
Austria refused and referred the ques-
tion to the Federal Diet of Germany
This Prussia denounced as a violation of
tho Convention of Gastein, and prepared
to march troops into Holstein to resume
the joint occupation. Ihereupon Aus
taia moved in the Federal Diet that the
Federal army be put upon war footing,
for the purpose of resisting the designs
of Prussia Prussia protested that such
decision would be dissolution of the
German Confederation, and that she
should regard all the States that voted
for the proposal as her enemies; but the
motion was adopted by vote of nine, in
cludins Austria, to six, including Prus-
sia The Austrian vote represents pop,
ulation of about 1900, 900, excluding
Austria herself, and the the Prussian, ex-
Guiding Prussia, about 3 100000 Prus-
sia accordingly declared the Germanic
Confederation dissolved, and the semi
official papers announce that henceforth
the States formerly composing it will be
called the Middle European group Of
States. On the 10Th of June Prussia
entered Hanover and Saxony, and the
war virtually began.
This is simply quarrel of precedence
between Prussia and Austria, which have
always beer rival powers in the Coufed-
Grafton, and as Austria has stood upon
the defensive in the quarrel, and has of
fered to refer the difference to the decis-
ion of the Diet, her attitude toward Prus-
sia commands the sympathy of all who
feel that the Schleswig- Holstcin question
is not really casYs bella.
But it is not so with Italy. The Con-
gress of Vienna, which was reaction
airy ,eonclave of kings, gave Yenetia to
Austria. But Venstia is Italian in Ian
guage, tradition, aRd sympathy. 1t has
been held only by the Austrian strong
hand, and that hand has never been more
odious than in its clutch upon Italy
The history of that country since the set
tlemept of 1915 is a story of ineessant
plots and conspiracies-of fervent hopes
betrayed and of noble men sacrificed by
Austria The best expression Of this
undying national feeling of Italy and its
profound resolution to throw off the Ger
man yoke is found in various poems of
Robert Browning. Its living impersona-
ton is Joseph Mazzini. Later events
have made Garidaldi its representative
and Victor Emanuel, its official leader.
The fire and the force of Italy are now
typified by these two men. To their call
all the youth, and ardor and hope of the
peninsula respond Under them an i'm
mense army is now organized and mar
shaled. Through their eyes Italy, Who'll
ly aroused, stands erect, ana beholds in
fervent expectation every inch of her soil
freed from the foreigner. A day of such
promise modern Italy has not SEEN
Thoroughly prepared for the struggle
she knows that Paussia and. France are
interested in her success, and that all gen
erous hearts in the world wish her well
Austria is an anomalous power, the name
of most crushing despotism. From the
old tradition of Gesler and Tell to the
modern Metternich and Silvio Pellico she
has been the enemy of liberty. She il
now entering upon a vital struggle, anc
the hopes aud wishes of constitutions
freedom must be against her as Italy erie
Fioa lire gatantuonsoi Tvd Gdribaldi
and strikes for Italian Independence anc
unity Harper's IFeekty. sA.a
"A correspondent writes from uppe
Coos, N. H., as follows g 30 one cal