New-York daily tribune., 1866-02-17

Kho"n ~ ,he tbictn.ss II the iron and tns
diameter Of the outside even II tess SAME
show u TO b. capable Of sustaining nressnre
They next test the boiler with cuid Wavr. P,;aI
much greater than the pressure Of Steam 70 ue .
and the limit u the steam pressure - nn ~ ubicS
safety valves, each OF suhclei iI.n case apart
frou, tns control OF the engineer, eXcep. tha'
he nav oren It, but De oluno. ,aa. Sno, +, ;In ~
- - srnorv,ee tie boiler and engineer and there
sfter visil them period .caily for vAi'ninaton ana
nav at any time cause the discharge VI uo ''
| aatec,ed carelessness or in' fhrlency' 4.
rbo srneryisiop ard periodical visits excepted, tne
cac.ics Of tbe Association is similar 10 that OF oui sl
p;sino p inspcctors under the steamboat Law: but TIE
o~bester ssociaon take charge OF al classes ehu
kinds of boilers while oDr inspectorsony nave chaso'
stesnbOats. . a., SIS,
class are entirely prevented. Many theories nave peen
advanced and advOcated 20 account for the expioss
Of the second class. bs gentlemen who have pee" w.
Dept for their practical and scieDihc at9an.nr
nsrkbly each one of these theories presupposes te
boiler 10 have been he1ed TO a high Temperature in
some part eitber because the water was accue.dn!
low. exposing some pat TO the ac'oa % tne of
the boiler some heating surface OF me liOh Is eaI".u
to the action OF the fire at all nmes, o4 Wv
purpose Of superheating the steam. eNeh ,
xhen The water Is at the usual hight as IN boilers WIN
steam ehimneys, in when tie smoho hle passes up
ward through tie steam TO the chimney, rhd lh ctu'
der boilers inoosed In brics work. IN which the hottest
gases from the FIRE find their way through nailow
g. ace to the top Of the boiler above the wafer .nu
" ben the engine Is not operating best the top o 'o
boiler and the steam 10 high tmpefalute togt.vi
Ii il scarcely possible construct boiler tuat Tue
steam md the part of the boiler above the surface OF
the water vii Dot-when the engine ls not operhtps
SO heat lts upper part 20 temperature higher IMAM
the Temperature Of the water. anu all boilers WIZ a.
sumo high temperature IN the upper part when tne
water low. whether the engine is running OF no a.
though higher temperature and nuie dangerous stule
when the eng standing or no steam escaping car
~ off the heat communicated. IL las hol IeIe'n,'
been generally known that the upper part OF Do,r
ha afe1fF fus
bich ignorance has been Ercat cause OF Tue i.Ie
10 comprehend distinctly why bOieTse1Iode. niheI
1t Ia not generally known 20 engineers mat suhc.e
water NAV opDear TO be in the boiler by tho wafer
GAUGES ana low water detectois when iheie u hot
The proper quantity. Tne'e are Two KINDS OF ionlns
ebuilition m the water IN boiler; surface eb31
as shown IN boiling IN an open vessel caused o.
TIE RAPID passage upward from tho bottom O tLe YES
bel and bursting at the surface OF numerous Duooes
spheres OF steam; and ioaming or the collection OF
sueh spheres Of steam at the bottom Oi te
boiler which rise with snch velocity through
narrow water spaces 10 raise up The whole BODY "i
above tb. narrowest part Of tho water space De
tween the fues ana keep II up az that level ~ Is
common experience of engineers 10 nnd soma water
come OF the upper watergusees upon opening hem
and dry steam iio,n the lowest guage. few strokes
uf the pump injecting cold water below the nues, or
closing the tbrottevalye might at this time cause the
water TO fall to proper level immediately aier the en-
gDeer had tried the gunge and II there was not prop
or quantity Of water The boiler. the highest besi
surface would be exposed 20 receive msh temperature
from the fle. IL is impossible 10 determine when
pump ia working effectively IL at each stroke htiIe
water forced into the boiler al the indications will be
the same as II lsreer Quantity was being iorced
in; and when the pump, 1oihing eeby Is tle very
time when the water suIGce would b. raised by the
ebultion IL the lower water spaces 10 The bOner I've
COMMON eaUgecock the best low water detecJr mat
can be placed upon boiler But thefe sDOnIu De
greater pamber OF them on each boiler han arc usually
applied In fact they should be paced az nterf ais ol
bight from the bottom 10 the top Oi the ooer ana
would often be foDnd that dry steam wuEd issue IRON
the lower ones. and solid wafer from the npper ones
little stndy Of the pteGonena shown hy sueh an ar
raneenent OF gauges, wound soon give the most obpse
engineer q better acquaintance with the natural phos
Ophy oi steam boilers than be mad before.
The various theories referred heretofore to account
FOR the mysterious explosions have mentioned as tnose
com prising the second class are as follows;
First, and as appears ~ ine The most Consistent
have well know advanced the theory thai boilers
strained rupured and burst by the unequal eXpgn-
SION ol paris Oi tie boiler irOm unequal heating AS
tie object Of this paper Is not 10 advocate particular
theory hui TO determine an mpoItaD. question exposed
at the head Of this article 10 whlci, M will appear,
the particular effect Of high temperature part ui the
boiler Is not material only AK attention ~ the fact
that J. with Others believe ina some part VI tie boiler
has been highly heatsd; and 20 the other fict tat
appliance heretofore proposed for or adjusted upon
boIers either indicates or prevents parts from assDing
q high temperature under certain conditions
| 2. Theory attributes explosions "a the spbero;de
condition Of the water. during which the water is
forced away from contac, with The heated IIaes. and
afierward suddenly esplodes into scsm. To attIia
tins condition in tie aaeI part OF the boiler must be
IkiRAIy bt1;cG
s. hat steam IN boiler ~ decoDpDSeo, anu changed
into an explosive gas 1his also requires the boier TO
| be red lot
4. When the water is low and part OF the boiler
ctr hot, water Is injected snd thrown upon the plates
30 teated. and thereby evolves sudden increase OF
pressure 20 burst the boiler.
s. Tba. paris Oeoone 80 hot Us 70 be much weakened
and tins give way the tie ordinary or less than the
Ordinary, pressure OF tire ife3fD.
D. That by oveyhGting paris oI The boiler tbe steam
becomes snpeThcate1 the surplus heat OF which steam
aheTward communicated 20 the water Increases the
| tfroe ire asta ,fe MT IN etpse IA
The above comprise all the theories upon tho subject
considered worthy OF attention. To Prevent al eapo-
sion of the class it s not necessary to consider
how to pIeTent unequal expansion, the spheoda con
dton OF water. the sudden ncrease OF pressure from
injecting vstel upon hot Ilaes, the "easepng OF the
plates by high temperature The production oi super!
heated steam but how 20 equslize the Temperature of
the bosr all its parts ct AL times aud under al con
diiions, SO long as any water remains IN II. fCr the
last four months have been earne6ly engaged np0n
experiments having for their object the psment
Of this desirable result and have now IN operation
e boiler containing o. cubic feet OF steam,
and ~ square feet of heating euiisce above
the water Ia fact there but five gallons of water In
4 il 81 ans time. have seacing apparatus adjusted
within IT, adapted 10 any boiler. vlthout which nearly
sben sntS ,sa e2;T gaS wS@ ssa viii
operate viii Eve pOonds pressure and kceps the ten
peraturo Of all parts Of tue boiler and OF The stoa from
35 to 40 above ,hf proper ten eraiGfe due to any
pounds pressure or fifty pounds however hot the ire
nay be- And the generation q stenn Zoos on s,sdiy
anu a. riIIv Of, bhs Dciiof
the usual quantity OF water iE H.
This experiment has ossblshel the tsct that ten.
perstsYss noy be eqGazed in boilers under oil circnm.
stances. while the whole effort OF the fire. when
the weter s low Is devoted to the generation Of dry
but not Ovey.hestcd steam--onscty the conditions
required.
have shown that by 6killin constructions the use o.
good material. careful inspection, test supervision
prevention OF lncrDs,at!onS and good management
With proper arrangement Of safoty and water.
gs1gos explosions ruptuIes OF the lrst class 10
boilers will De sbtclute.y prevented.
have show that explosions Of tho second ces- occur
only from hgLiy heating sgme part OF The boiler enc