Cleveland daily leader. [volume] ([Cleveland, Ohio]) 1865-1873, 1866-01-18
VOL. XX---NO. II.

DemOcrotic side, who had argued that this
was a white mans Government. He asked
why not accept the new order Of things, in
stead of defending the horrid crime Of
slavery on the part Of the Government. The
: Government was not only for the white man
but for all. The time has now come when
the black man has rights which the white
, man is bound to respect He argued in favor
Of impartial suffrage in the District of Co
lumbia, remarking in this connection that
the blacks here had been consistently loyal.
Mr.. LATHAM, of West Virginia, intro
duced bill granting the public lands of
West Virginia to railroad purposes.
. House adjourned.
SENATE.
The CHAIR laid before the. Senate the
credentials of Vim. Ingraham, Senator elect
from North Carolina, which were ordered to
lie upon the table.
Mr.. ANTHONY, from the Printing Com
mittee, reported resolution for the printing
of ten thousand copies of the late message Of
the President and the reports of Generals
Grant and Schurz on the condition of the
Southern States, which was passed.
Mr.. WILEY introduced bill ceding to
the State of Western Virginia certain lands
and tenements at Harper's Ferry belonging
to the United States, which was referred to
the Military Committee.
which was adopted, calling for whatever
information the President may have re-
ceived touching the violation Of the neutral
itV laws by the array occupying the right
bank of the Rio Grande.
Mr.. WILSON called up the bill to in
crease and fix the military peace establish
ment Of the United States, which was read
and passed over.
On motion of Mr.. HOWE the bill recon-
mending the establishment Of provisional
governments for the Southern States was
taken up.
Mr.. DOOLITTLE addressed the Senate at
| length, saying, in the course of his remarks,
that two radical ideas, radically false, how
ever, brought on civil war which has cost
the nation more than half million lives,
and untold treasure First, that States had
right 10 seeede; second, that slavery is
blessing-the surrender of these two ideas
| is due to the base cf permanent peace.
] This question: Whether those States are
still States in the Union under the Consti- |
! tuition, is no vein observation-no idea with |
out immediate practicable consequences,
whether to adopt an amendment 10 the |
Constitution it feqdires the ratification of |
twenty-seven or twenty-ons States. Is it Of /
no practical importance whether eleven /
States, With their ten millions of inhabi-
tants, shall be taked and governed |
practical importance whether these States /
and ten millions of people shall govern
themselves under republican form of gov
ernment, subject only 10 the Constitution Of |
the United States, or whether they shall be |
held as subject vassals TO be governed for an /
indefinite period by the unlimited viii of |
Congress, or by the sword Is it of no prae-
teal importance whether the flag of our
country, for which half q million men /
k,-r L. - - l.,
bears thirty-six stars as an emblem Of an \
union of thirty-six States, speaks a nations
truth, OF is mOnstrOus falsehoOd? ? These
and many like questions are involved in this
discussion, and depend upon the answer.
This is, therefore, IN my Judgment ques-
tion Of the first maghitdde, Question which
must be met, a question neither |
men tcr parties can avoid or put aside. 1t
demands and will AaYs IN answer. II is a
question too upon which there Is =nd can be
no compromise and no neutrality. They |
are States in the Union, under the Constitu-
tion, or are not We must affirm the one or
the other. We thtist stand upon the side
supporting the Lincoln and johnson poll
cy of maintaining the Uri5n Of the States
under the Constitution to be 1hbfokenj
or We must take our stand with the Senator
from Massachusetts on the other and main
tain that the Union is broken-that secession
as to withdraw eleven States from the
Union, and to reduce eisFet States to ter
ritorial conditiQps iGeIl te Ipi9a the lat
Of December g, 1868: at make known that
whenever in eny Of the States Of Arkansas,
Texas, Louisiana, Mississippi, Tennessee,
Alabama, Georgia, Florids, South Caroline,
and North Carolina, a number of persons,
not less than Ons-tenth in number Of the
votes cast in such State at the Presidential
election of the year Of Lord 1860, each haY-
ing taken the oath aforesaid, and not having
since violated it, and being qualified
voter BY the election Law Of the State, be-
fore the passing of the so styled act Of seees-
sion, and excluding all others, shall estab-
lish State government which shall be
republican, and in no wise contravening the
said oath, such shall be recognized as the
true government of the State, and shall re-
ceive the benefits Of the Constitutional provi-
lion, which declares that the United States
shall guarantee to every State in the Union
a republican form of government, and shall
protect each Of them against invasion.
Mr.. DOolittle detailed at length President
Lineoln's reconstruction policy as hrst ap-
piled to the Country, and showed how 1t
was approved by the members Of the Cab
met and loyal people Of the country who re-
nominated him at Baltimore and elected
him President He argued it was not only
natural but almost a necessity that Mr..
johnson should follow the policy begun by
his predecessor. The Presidentwould have
been false to the trust reposed in him and
false to those who elected him had he done
otherwise He repudiated the assertion
sometimes made that Mr.. johnson, by ad-
herring to this policy of reconstruction was
ready 10 deIay the Unien cause or great
measures of the Union party. He said If the
States lately in rebellion had gone out OF
the Union they must have gone by one or
more than three ways:
Firstly peaceful secession, by voting
and resolving themselves out or
Secondly successful revolution by
fghting their was out to successful inde-
pendence, or
ThirI-They have been put out by act of
Congress-
stFong men Of the South have maintained
that the first way always open to them.
They asserted the right of peaceful seees-
sion. 1t was always met, however, by the
logic of Mr.. Webster, and resisted by An
drew jackson during his administration
In their folly and madness the people of the
South appealed to arms TO discuss the ques-
ton on the field of battle. They tried the
second way, viz By way of revolution, to
cut their way out by the sword. That for
time they made fearful progress in that di-
rection, but did they sueeeed2 No man
North or South dare AFFIRM The great Cen
erals were found at last who were capable Of
organizing and drilling our immense armies
and the brave men under their command
crushed the rebellion, wrenched the sword
from the hand of revolution, and then, in
tbelast tribunal known to mankind, decided
it. and in such a way as to leave no doubt in
any sane mind in the North or South that
no State can never 60 out of the Union by
peaeeable secession, nor by successful reyo-
luton. Neither have they theright or the
power to do so.
Mr.. Doolittle then showed the Southern
States to be in the Union under the Consti-
tuition, and inquired what is their true situa-
ton and what rights they have and what
duties devolve upon them, saying l have
shown that in view of public law, nothing |
can be clearer than that the State does not |
consist in the form of its government. That
is one of its antecedents, that may be Dem
ocracy aristocracy or theocrscy. It may |
be military, it may be republican, despotie |
or monarchial, 1t may have been any one
of these forms, or a mixed one, and yet it is |
a State. 1t may change its government |
every year as tree casts off i $ foliage. The
State no more consists Of its form Of govern |
ment than man of a garment with which |
be IS clothed, A State is not destroyed by |
declaration of martial law in it or by war, |
unless conquered by foreign power or dis
membered by revolution. To be invaded |
a,raal Eha ihuadara