, 1866-03-19

| CleS VI AloLectipnlSu1 generally, or OF Amer
can Protectioniste In particular. But, sine
you pay me tho compliment of thlnkin
that What Is said In my Principles Of Polalet
EeoHomyis rend and listened to by som
Americans, beg to recommend to your nj
lice The further explanations which / Inv
added to the passage quoted By you, in til
last published {the People's) edition OF tha
work. have directed the publisher to SEN
you copy, and If the important iou1ns
with which you arc connected Ia pleased 4
attach my value toNmy opinion On the sub
ject, that opinion will be found much mon
completely stated. with additional replies t,
rrotectontst arguments, In pp. $50 to SIS o
the Peoples edition..
am, dear sir, yours, faithfully,
~. 8. Mill"
JOHN STUART MILL ON PROJECTION IN NEW
COUNTRIES
The following sthe extract to which Mr.
Mill calls attention:
.ln countries in uhleh the syr,em OF p;o,ecbor
= = uee1n1ng but not yet wholly given up, such ns
We United States, doctrine has CONC Into uotIce
Mnieh y sort OF compromise between tree trade
tection lake g improper bat hs hese il 1 neI6 eI6S
!ua nntectloia5e In hay1ng as r1nch protection a.
may Ec1dentally result from tariff framed eolely
expressed that modcraIe n7ed duty vas mol pte.
eefyed On corn. On account Of the revenue It would
yieid. Independently, however, Of the general in
triGe oE9looks the fact, that revenue i mccived
only on the qaartfy imported. bnt thai 1hs tax Il
Pail R on The entire quantity consumed. 10 make
lifue,. |. not 40 eligible mode of obtaining a
revenue. In tho c1se Of manufactured articles lhc
doctrine involves pa}pable Inconsistency. The
object Of the duty ae means Of revenue, Il incon
rtalI
protection, It can only operate rs protection In So
far as u prevents importation md 10 whR1eyer de-
es. e1ss + prevents importation 1t affords no rsv.
Here follows the paragraph commencing
"The only case In which, On mere principles
Of political economy" &c.,, quoted by you,
correspondent Protection" and Nj. Mil]
then continues:
Hn1ho onfy wnier Of apg reputation a. i political
econoustet, who now a3heres 10 the Projections;
doctEnea Mr. 4. g. careJ, rests lis defence, in an
eeonnmte point Of View, principally on two reasons
qucnt On producing commodities al or VERY nesr
the place, where they are to be consumed. The
whole ofthc ccst Of cafr1ace, both on the commod-
rthcm, be regards Is direct busthen On the pro
duccrs, End not, as ia obvtouslr the trulh, on the
consumers. % Or whomsoeyer It falls, tt Is without
It lie obvious {and TINT Mr. Carey does moi eco H. Is
one Of The many surprising things IN his bookl that
the bnlhen Is pn1y horne for more than enuIynlent
advantage. Ifthe commodity is bought n Tor.
eien country with domestic psoduce IN spite or the
double cost Of carraRr, the act proves that heavy
ns that cost may b. the saving In Coz. Of psoduc.
non oatMei:hs It, snd the collective labor Of the
the article were. produced at komc. Cost
o. carriage l. natn,al protecting dnty, which free
,rade ~ ~ no po,se; to ae:oeatc; ana unless Aue-
through The medium Of her corn md cotton, ihsn
s1e loses 70 coet Of rarTtnrt. the capital employed
IN producing com and COTTON in annusl,y increased
Quantities Tor ihc foreign market would turn 10
manufactures instead. The natural Advantage al.
tending mode Of industry IN which there Is less
sost o. csisge TO pay csn at most be only tusti
fca!lon Tor temporary and merely tentailve pro
tcciiop. The expenses Of production beng elw:ays
greatest at first. II may happen that the home pro.
dnciion. thocgh resy the moet ADVANTAGEOUS may
cuniary loss, which it Is not to be expected that
private specuatots should incur In order that their
successors may DC benefited BY theis rum. have
notary protecting duty may sometimes be economi.
caliy leiensible; on condition, however, that it he
entirely limited In point Of time md epfoytslon be
be On gradually decreasing tcale. Such Temporary
protection is Of the sumo nature 1t patent, and
should be governed BY similar conditions.
q the economic benefits Of protectionls applIes on
y to Countries whose exports consist ofascultn1a1
psoaISsss. S Ie a5E1e: hat By t.ss of thls desep
consumers not giving back to the mad Of the coun-
tJ, as home consumers would do, he fertilixinr
elements which they abstract nom IT, Tht. arga-
truth On which It Il founEed-a truth which has
only lascly conc to be undelstood. bnt which i
neucefor1h destined TO be permanent element N
been In the destintes oE nalons. 70 the question
Of Protectlonlam, however, 1t Il tr1eleyani That
4 the immense gtpath Of raw produce in America to
lie so, of he Eastesa md @ sssn of he o|des WE
ern states, md that boh A1e already Tar less pro.
ductyc than formerly. L. credible IN ITSELF cren II
already ea,d respecting cost Of ca11iage Il nue
also Of the coat Of manurfnr. Free trade
does not compel America. to export com;
her adrantaee. a., then, thc would not persist N
exporting raw produce md Importing manufacturers,
any longer than the l+bor ths eaved By doing 20.
6e xeau 19e o7 5ee e CT he hsn
elements Of fertility which the .had sent away, Il
The eay1ne 10 The cost Of production were more
ure together, manure would bs. Imported, I'D If
MT, the export Of corn wouN eease. Il Is evident
that Que Of teese tEo 1hing+ would already hase
taken place. II there had not been near IL 6and
.ncetts1on Of ne~ aoIls, NOT yet e1haos::ed
Of their fertility, The cultivation OF which enabes
her, whether tndicloutiy Or not. to postpone the
question Of manure, A. soon a. It no longer IN.
swcrs better TO break up new soils than to manure
tho old Amelich VIII either hecome a regular I'M
porter Of MANURE, Or will Without projecting dues
grown corn fof hcttcf only, and manufacturing ior
al homie. =
For these obvfonE reasons hold Mr.. caesy,.
eeonomc argument Tor Ptotectloufsrn TO na totafiy
,nsaia, ,s lbe economic. horescs Is far from being
sonlsts Often reason extremely III, but II Is an H.
Justice TO them to toppose that theis projection
S siesd rests upon nothing superior to an economic
more by confederation for the higher in.arests Of
and H G.,n1 ,n p hPHf, I, seo1om They
shorld ebound that men thoUd combine thetr r
iaboas, By means OF interchange. win their neich
nofsIM1tn peoPle otpu{snln: capacities, and men
close II band for mutual happening Of wits md eI
hlEtng Of idets-sather th1n With pepple on ihe
opposite side of he globe. They beiIcve th.i N.
pu.uit-a nation al1 agricultural cannot attain 4
high state of, civilization aud culture. And ior
this there i great foundation OF Ica.on-
United s,a,es. viii thei4 tee ,nstutions % thes 9e
uniyer.al sehooling, and their own omnlprcsent
ple.. ase The people to DO it bnt whether this Il
Is an object to cheek the excessive dispersion
Of the population, Mr. Wakefield Ia. poinied out
4, better vny: 10 modify the c7tatins taeihod Of
price; instend Of lowering It Of giving away tDe
land eratnitous1y, As is largely done since thc
paEsing Of The Homestead Act. To cut the knot
he necessary that Ohio and Michigan should be
protected aeants Massachusetts as well a. against
Ens!And, tot ne man!aet9rics OF New England,
h1s deslderatum Of bdns1ng manufacturing popu-
lauon 10 the doors Of the Western farmer. Dosion
and View fotk do not supply the wants OF local
Manchester; and ii Il as ditncnlt to rel back he
mnnure from the one place A. IRON the othts.''
PHT TRADE AND PROJECTION IN THE UNITED
STATES.
The discussion Of this question In the columns
OF the Chicago TRIBUNE Is beginning to e1-
cite great amount Of interest on this side of
the Atlantic. It wonld be well for certain Of
your correspondents to know that, in the
opinion Of political economists in this coun-
try, not one single argument has get been ad-
vanccd against the advisabllity Of free trade,
which bears the merit of originality. All
their objections, excuses, pleas aud fallacics
have been uscd by them at second hand from
Europe; and neced not add TINT It becomes
rather amusing TO find the playcd-out absnrd-
tiles of the Old World located and bcpra,sed
In the United States. have laid before Ma
jor General Thompson, the well-known au-
thor Of the "Catcchism On the Corn Iaws,"
The following two propositions Of your pro-
Leetlonlsts, two which, By them, ore regarded
as fundamental and sndisputable. The Gen
eral has peculiar way Of summing up and
absurditics; md his laconisms have
proved as effective for freedom in this couu--
try as the eloquent haraugues of A{cssrs.
Golden and Bright, and the deeply studied
Of such economists US John Stuart
Mill, and such writer's as Fonb1anque. Gen
Thompson has written the following letters,
at my request, for the columns Of the TR1-
BCSE.
LETIEIs YnoH MAJOR GENERAL THOMPSON, or TIE
nRI1lsu ARMY, IN REFLT TO "PRorEcrros'. AND
OILERS.
ELIOT VALE, BLACKuEATu, s. E,l
.-.- February ~, 1865.
van lmpost on foreign manufactures That come
N competition With tha homemade fabrics. IN
e1eafes The value Of the farmers products, md the
Wages OF mechanics, In corresponding ratio With
the increase in the pnce Of the protected goods"
The answer appears 10 be, that
'tAn 1mpost on foreign manufactures increases
profits and, perhsps wages In the protected tzade.,
and tlinotnishes them IL The Trades which, in stats
Of freedom, vond be the recipients OF what Is now
Epent on the enforced trade. which make7 hatancn