The daily Gate City. [volume] (Keokuk, Iowa) 1855-1916, 1866-06-15
The Treaties Of 1sI5-Main Points Of the
Treaty OF Vienna and the Holy Ala.
ance ArranGement.
From the Pail Mall Gazette, May IA.

From the Pail Mall Gazette, May IA.
AS the treaty OF Vienna may once more be
made the stalking horse Of Bonapar,ist am.
bition. it may be interesting to the general
reader who Is more learned in present poll
tics than in past history to be reminded what
that famous treaty really was. In the frs;
place, i, was signed by q larger number Of
States than had ever before united in settle
ment of European affairs, including Austria,
France. England, Russia, Prussia, Spain,
Portugal and Sweden. Coming almost
immediately after the SCATTERING of old land
marks consequent upon French conauests,
the Encouragement Of territories amounted
almost TO a reconstruction. This reconstruc-
tic.l was based almost exclusively on dynastic
considerations, the real welfare OF nations and
the tendencies of what are now called
| ''natonaliues' being scarcely thought of.
Everywhere nations> or fragments of nations,
placed under foreign sovereignties.
England gain, indeed, was fully eqnalled
by her loss in the new plan. She kept Malta,
which was essential to her position in the
Mediterranean, and where her rule was not
welcome; for the sake of Europe generally
she undertook the pro.ectorate of the Ionian
Islands. now got rid of; and to satisfy royal
preJudices she also preserved the Kingdom OF
Hanover, now also got rid OF.
In Italy, Milan and Venice was given to
Austria, and SARDINIA was confirmed to Pied.
mont; while the Duchies of Tuscany, Par
ma. Modena and Placentia were recognized
as sham independent sovereigntes, govern
ed Ivy collateral branches Of the Austrian
Hapsburg. Austria still further obtained
possession Of the Tyrol, 1llyr,a and Dalma-
| tia
Prussia S gains were enormous, and, unlike
| NM rs
real power. With half of Saxony, nearly all
/ Westphalia, Swedish Pomerania, and almost
all the Lower Rhine provinces, she started
afresh as rival Of Austria far more formida.
| BILE than before.
In the north Of Europe, Russia received
Finland from Sweden; as compensation for
which Sweden received Norway, which was
| taken from Denmark and Denmark, who
was not represented at the Congress, got moth
ing in return.
| As to Poland, the three great practitioners
made some fresh rectiication of boundaries.
| The innumerable small German States
which had existed before the French revolu-
ton, and which had been what diplomatists
| called mediatized, or, as plain people call it,
swanped, at the setting up of the Bonapartist
Confederation Of the Rhine-these remained
swallowed up by their powerful neiahbors.
Holland, having her German possessions.
was consoled with the Belgic provinces and
became kingdom, and Switzerland remains
much as before.
In the same year, 1916, political pharisa-
ism accomplished its masterpiece, the "Holy
Alliance" between Austria, Russia, and
Prussia, by which they bound themselves to
act for the future on Christian principles only,
and Immediately proceed to enforce the alb
solute supremacy Of kings as the one great
principle of Christianity. All Europe acqui.
esced i'll the announcement, with three
notable exceptions-the Sultan, whose opin.
ion was not asked. and England and the
Pope, who both declined to have anything to
do with the imposture.