Memphis daily appeal. [volume] (Memphis, Tenn.) 1847-1886, 1866-01-21

The Chair laid before the Senate the
credentials Of William A. Graham, SEN
ator elect from North Carolina, which
were ordered to lie upon the table.
Mr.. Anthony, from the Printing Com
mittee, reporteda a resolution for the print
ing OF ten thousand copies of the late
message of the President and the reports
Of Gems. Grant and Schurz, on the con
dition Of the Southern states, which was
passed.
Mr.. Wiley introduced a bin ceding 70
the State Of West Virginia certain lands
and tenements at Harper's Ferry, be-
longing 10 the United States, which was
referred 10 the Military Committee.
MIR. Chandler offered "a resolution,
which was adopted. calling for whatever
information the President may have re-
ceived touching violation OF the neu-
traiitv laws by the army occupying the
right bank Of the Rio Grande.
Mr.. Wilson called up the bill to in
crease and fix the military peace estab-
iishment Of the United States. Read and
passed over, on motion of Mr. Howe.
The bin recommending the establish
ment of Provisional Governments for
the Southern States was taken up.
Mr.. DOolittle addressed the Senate at
length, saving, in the course of his re-
marks: "Two radical ideas-radiealIy
false, hOwever-brought on this civil
war, which has cost the nation more
than a half million lives, and untold
millions Of treasure. F'irst-That States
had a right Ia secede. Seeond-1hat
slavery is a blessing. The surrender OF
these two ideas by the South IS now the
basis of permanent peace. This ques-
ton whether those States are still States
in the Union under the Constitution, is
no vain abstraction, no idea without i'm
mediate practical and most grave cOuse-
quence. Is it Of no practical conse-
guence, whether, 10 adopt an amend
meut TO the Constitution, it requires
the ratification Of twenty-seyen or
twenty-one States? Is il Of no
practical Importance whether eleven
States, with their ten million of
people, shall be taxed and governed
without representation With less than
one-thiTd that number OF people, our
fourlathers, because the parliament of
Great Britain, In which they had no rep
resentation, passed laws 10 tax them, de
olared the independence OF these States.
Il il Of no practical importance whether
these eleven States and ten million OF
people shall govern themselves under a
republican form Of government, subject
only TO the Constitution Of the United
States, or whether they shall be held As
subject vas-als, 10 be governed for an in
definite period, by the unlimited viii of
Congress or 10y the sword Is IL Of no
practical Importance whether the flag of
our country, for which half million
have laid down their lives, and which
bears thirty-six stars as an emblem
of an Union Of thirty-siX States
speaks a nations truth, or is it a mon
strOus ftlsehood? These, and many like
questions, are involved in this discussion,
and depend upon the answer 10 the first
This is, therefore, in my Judgment, a
question of the first magnitude; a ques-
ton which must be met; "a question
which neither men, nor parties can avoid
sT put aside. Ii demands, and will have
am answer. Ii is question, too, upon
which there il and there can he no COM
promise, and no neutrality. They are
States IN the Union, under the ConstU-
lion, or they are not We must affirm
.he one or the other. We must stand
Ip0n one side supporting the Lincoln and
Johnson poIicyof maintaining the Union
IF the States under the Constitution Ia
1e unbrOken, or we must take our stand
with the Senator from Massachusetts
Union is broken that secession is a sue
.ess so far at least as 10 Withdraw eleven
States from the Union, or reduce them
20 the territorial condition. First, L call to /
mind the language Of President LincUlu's /
or December, eighteen /.
hundred and sixty-three. In that he I
aid: 90 make known that whenever, in /
my Of the States Of Arkansas, Texas, I
louisiana, Tennessee, Alabama, Georgia, I
Florida, South Carolina and North Caro- |
ina, number of persons not less than /.
ine-tenth in number OF the votes cast ia /
uch States al the Presidential election /
II the year OF our Lord, eighteen hundred |
md sixty, each having taken the oath /
fOresaid, and not having since violated /
{, and icing q qualified voter 10y the I
lection law of the State in secession, /
before the so-stylei act of I
ecession, and excluding all others, shall Z
stabiish q State Government, which /
hall be Republican, and in no wise con- /
ravening said oath, such shall he TecOg- /
lized a. the true Government of the .
state, and the State shall receive the /
ieuefiis of the Constitutional provision, /
which declares that the United states /
hall guarantee to every State in this /
: Jnion Republican form of Government, /
md shall protect each Of them against |
uvasiOn.n
Mr.. D0olittle debated at length Presi- /
lent LincOln's reconstruction policy a. |
irst applied TO Louisiana, and showed /
low il was approved by members Of the /
jabinet and the loyal people Of the /
'ountry, who renOminated Lincoln at /
Baltimore, and elected him President. /
ie argued that il was not only natural, /
1f "a
hOuld follow the policy began by his I
Predecessor. The President would have F.
,een false 10 the trust repOSed i'm him, /
ud false 20 Jhose who elected him had /
he done otherwise. He repudi3ted the I!
.-seTtiOn sometimes made, that Mr. I
.nhusOn, by adheTing 20 this policy Of /
was ready 10 betray the |
Mon cause ur great measures of the I
lniOn party. He says If the States lately /
"A rebellion had gone Out of tie Union, /
hey would have gone by one OF more of /
hree ways. First, by peaceful secession, /
" voting and resolving themselves out; /
", second, by successful revolution, by /
lighting their sheer way out 10 successful 4
or, third, they would have I
,eCn put out 10y act of Congress. The I
trOug men of the South have main /
aimed that the first way was always /
pen to them. They asserted the right !
,f peaceful secession. II was met, how .
.yer, and oyeTpowered by the logic Of 4
,lr. Webster in this body, and resisted I
" the iron viii of Andrew Jackson /
Turing his administration. In their folly |
md madness, the people of the South |
appealed to arms 10 discuss the same /
question on thefield of battle. They tried |
he second way, namely, the way of rev I
,lutiOn, 10 cut their way out with the I
word. That for a time they made fear F.
al progress in that direction, no one de- /
lies. But did they succeed? No man, I
North or South, dare affirm il. The |
,reat Generals were found, at last, capa- /
lie Of organizing and welding our inn F.
nense forces The brave men under 1
heir command crushed the rebellion, |
md then, in the last tribunal known TO 1
mankind, decided, in such a way as 10 /
cave no dOubt in any sane mind, North /
y South, that no State can go ont OF this /
Union, by the way of peaceable seces- !
ion. Nor 10y way Of successful revOlu- |
ion, for they neither have the right nor |
he power b do so,
Mr.. Doolittle said it remained to con
ider only the other way, the third way, /
which, for brevity, he would call with |
10 disrespec. TO his honorable friend [
rom Massachusetts, the % Sumner way " [
or the States % 60 out OF the Union, /
namely, by act of Congress. The Sena- /
OF having, as the funeral ceremonies /
lpon the death Of Judge COllamer, taken |
,ccasion TO announce his theory OF his 4
leeision awarding, in q great measure,
he honor, if honor il be, TO the deceased |
# separating the rebel States from the /
Union. ! then showed the Southern |
states to be IN the Union under the Con- I
and inquired what is their 4
rue situation, and what rights they have, |
md what duties deyolved upon them, |
aging have shown that I'm view OF pub /
ic law, nothing can be more clear 1han /
nat State does not consist in the form !
II its Government. That is one of its an
ecedents that may be democratic, aIis- /
Ocratlc, theOCratic. 1t may be~ssfitary,
{ may be republican, despoEg or mon /
richie IL may have been any one of ]
hese iorWs, ~ = mixed one, and vet il 1
S a State. Il may change its Govern /
nent every year, as a tree casts of its I
oliage. That State no more consists Of /
Is form Of Government than man con- /
lists az the garments with which he il !
lothed A state Is not destroyed bv a 1
declaration of martial law, unless con-
Iuered by foreign power, or dismem- |
,ered by revolution TO be invaded does I
.ot destroy it, il il e1pel the invaders. /
10 be torn Ly civic war, and each be |
renched in fraternal blood, does not /
estroy il either, unless the final |
ssue Of arms shall he against |
t. In the course Of lis argument, /
ar. IOoittle said that Congress not only |
Empowered but required the President TO !