The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1866-06-24
THE BUREAU.
GENERAL sTEEDMAN In ALABAMA.
He Visyts MoAtgomery, Selma
anu Mobile.
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ssV.Lor Patton On the Present and Future
OF His State.
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IpSxY BUREAUS AND THEIR ADVANTAGES.
S><<.~o.>~>-~->>-~>~~>~~~~
III IRE Atment Of Negroes by South
eru Policemen.
&C. &c. &c.
IpsKY BTP.EAuS AND THEIR ADVANTAGES.
Oar AIabamA Correspos denee.

Oar Alabama Correspondence.
NOZZLE June Is 1865
Nrtgorney, Je Davis FIRST capital, siil one Of the
Sndsomest towns n Dixie. Wilson, who visited IL IN
As great raid spared the town destroyed oil the cot
pm ami cotton factories went over the Capitol the
al other day. The representative chamber, in which
abe rebel chsetan delivered his inaugural address, re-
ains in the condition now as then II is some
What dingy, darkly furnished room, capable Of seating
about hundred members the blank, bare walls only
iieyed by badly executed portrait of Washington over
The Speakers chair. For the rest Montgomery is
Mzrkasle for s broad streets, groves Of noble trees,
handsome and public buildings and big hotel
sngay kept by the chursh Of Southern landlords
FRREDMEs's BUREAU
50 ss State has been administered by General Swayne
with marked success. The agents exercise judicial
powers whatever. Their duties have been simply
Neve the destitute and advise the Ignorant to supply
friendly arbitration in disputes to wages and to report
70 the military authorities any Of outrage or OPP
press General Swayne far possible, has made
abe shers, mayors and civil officers Of the State his
representatives 1t has followed matter Of course.
shat the existence Of the Freedmen Bureau has excited
less prejudice and hostility among the citizens of Ala
hama than almost anywhere else, while at the time
The negro has been protected in lis rights All the good
features Of the system have been fully developed
n
There have been instances OF misconduct on the part Of
subagents, but in all such the agents have either
resigned or have been removed and the evil they have
done has been as far possible repaired Virtually the
Bureau for all offensive purposes is dummy in Ala
bana-a very respectable dummy but dummy
neyertheess-and all the more successful on that ac
roant. Florida, Georgia and Alabama are the three
states where the negroes working the best and they
precisely the States where the Bureau has
ihe least The happy compound OF 'thrft'' oppression
and pecuation which characterized the administration
Of affairs in North Carolina, and the regime Of profitable
nh
South Carolina and the Sea Islands, have produced
aton Of things which contrasts most unfavorbly with
she position OF the neighborng States In Freedmen 8
Bureau affairs in fact King Log much better monarch
bban King Stork
GOVERNOR pATroS's VIEWS
Among other prominent citizens whose opinions have
been taken by Generals Steedman and Fullerton Gov
erno Patton The Governor speaks very despon dinghy
81 the present condition of the State He Alabama
ios forty thousand Of her who killed dis
abied by the war; dependent upon them least
sixty thousand women and children and the number of
white persons destitute nearly So he estimates
a. little short of hundred thousand. The Governor
when they left Montgomery was about to start for ST.
Louis with the charitable object Of purchasing corn for
their relief the security Of State bonds He looked
forward with some confidence to the future provided the
saae were restored to Its rights having confidence
10 the manufacturing capabilities Of Alabama
6cne raj sTErpMAS-what is your opinion with regard
The Freedmens Bureau as to Its influence and effects
Governor PArros-I think have the opportunity OF
ssrming pretty correct opinion for have reports here
may say do not like TO reflect upon General Swayne,
because If have Bureau al all there
Swayne He Is a kind, humane and discreet man. II is
Of the Bureau as an institution wish 70 speak. Our
Aws you Know were 80 revised and amended last win
Ter 70 suit the changed condition of the State There
is nov NO discrimination made between white and black,
except that the coored man is not qualified TO testify
In cases where he is not interested. Even in
thk exceptional particular the judges, wherever
practicable, allow negroes to testify think
truth from whatever II may come, and an intel.
gent Judge and jury can always estimate at its proper
m la of fnll iuc.
Nee being done TO the black man, cannot see that
shcre is any necessity for bureau had occasion
which had tendency 10 class legislation, and fully
sAtained There is but one desire among the people,
% conform strictly to them On the subject
81 doing justice 70 the black man, under the
ws Ss.n hsy NOV s1 we ar; are unit There
EXPLAINING the laws and they have all been in favor OF
she negro. Now that we have the laws, the only din
enl,y TO execute them and eleven Circuit judges
~ we'll as the judges OF the Supreme Court have all
Ahown themselves anxious in this direction As the
necessity Of bureau watch these courts and TO watch
eur magistrates sixteen or seventeen hundred in mum
bsr, no bureau in the world could watch them
10 advantage. While respect the Frcedmen's Bureau
and Hs objects IN the main, think u does harm
than good. The only have for the Bureau
is 70 feed the poor and take OF the destitute
white and negro and as the Executive Of the state
have no hesitation in saying that can do this better
than they as soon as Congress will enable to obtain
money and credit.
General FuLl6RroS-How do you consider the Bureau
does harm2
governor FArToN--Whcrever you have bureau there
e an idea in the mind OF the ignorant black that this Is
something established in his interest exclusively, and
he Is always running 10 It and relying upon IT, We have
counties, such Clark county and Marcngo county,
where there large plantations and where no agent
has been stationed and find that In those counties
Ale negroes having bureau 10 are better sais
ned than elsewhere Where there il bureau the freed
men are less disposed 10 comply with their contracts
are disposed 10 be faithful 10 their employers ard
less disposed 10 stick To their work. and that way
think the institution docs harm 30 long they
run round TO the Bureau and draw their ation great
If fhA .ukIl 40
General Swayne docs his duty; s there many ways
IN which the negro gets assistance in such
70 do him harm. dontt think there Is any body in this
country disposed TO educ the negro again TO slavery
bot know that we understand the ncgres wants and
dspositssn better and are eetter capable OF managing
slave tber lives | unfricndly disposition 10.
wards The freedman here but the fact OF the pres
snce OF bureau In Alabama placed there Dor the pur
pore OF watching the conduct OF the people towards
sbe negro dscourageent TO those who would other
wise interest," themselves In hs favor. believe that
both educating the negro and In reeving his wants
the Southern people could Dc much than Is now
done, with the anne amount az money that is now ex
pesded
rolavNEx GrBmSc rEGRoEs
Governor rattoa's estimate of the disposition Of the
rect; hat here Georgia the well disposed majority
nave not IN all cases shown desire 20 control the ac
,,IIs %sSe iasp m,no sa The p9Sr whites 2,
Than are he crackers Nof Georgia They hate them
cordially a. the New YSk Irish hate the negro,
.hs Germans bate the irish. Unfortunately II is from
ms mean white class that the policc generally
chosen, and IL street rev between whites add blacks
came" has tery poor show and often gets gratu
l.ons ana unosservsd clubbing from the officer who
sught 20 proteci him
At sttNA,
there we're Eany complants OF this kind General
.tesdInhh spoke oh pretty freely The subject Mr..
Lceket o. haroAt one Of the leading planters OF the
5er1ct was tpeaking about the condition Of the country
ne Asserted that the negroes doing wonders almost
miracles had behaved, IN fact far better than any
vhte men woud have done under siniar crcn mrances
live al Marion he said 'and slal he glad 10 see Won
here Our negroes working WELL and we have had |
10 bureau there. have u stated that there n
osng OF hostility the part Of the planters against
heir former slaves Now Il Ia non So
General srSyDxAs-f don't believe II bot there IL
lass that IN hostile.
M lorSTr-Yes; bat u Is those who have never |
vBet q slave
General srysDxsS-Ths, true and the mischief Is |
naa you make srac,y this class OF your Policemen
dad many Of the large owns-snd pretty strong
reported 70 be the case 10 scusthst the police are
the habit Of clubbing negroes without any cause.
~ TocrrTr-Thst perhaps 80; but you must fe.
sme >v yog csrnOt get gentlemen cannot get men 0
lurstlSn s11 rs61susut 10 act policemen you cans
thAf hays hsar<. even In the pious North
esnsrsi srxxDwxs-No. but we make them behave |
aDs~svss and hsf whst The better class OF citizens