New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1866-08-21
DRAIN PIPE 3.
How They are Made, aud VIVA, They arc Used

knowledge Whicn mas Deon claDolate0 bclentiht
research and by careful comparison of the views ,ndexpe
ences of practical who mako little preenson to book
earning and which hes for tho past twenty years bsea
most integenty applied to the perfection Of Agricultural
Science has no one particular wrought greater revou
ton in small way than 10 the matter drainage. In the
good old days of foregandfaheEs grand forefhers
farmer would about have thought OF spending
money draining hs low lands as for some patent ma
chine to spin and the wool the backs of the s
sheep and shear IL OF in the shape OF reedyma1e blankets
aud breeches. As nature had made the swamp Of course
1t was only right to keep It sacred TO the production Of
liypads cowslps and eegrass and the reproduction Of
bulrogs But in time certain degree Of light penetrated
the skulls of the farmers aud they began gradually see
that every redeemed from the bulldogs was
added to the meadow or tho %heat6eld. When msttsr
got to this pass, the work Of regeneration speedily
begun for farmers head readily comprehend tina.
wheat at dollar bushel is far profitable crop than
bulfrogs 1T nothing cosd Tho moment this great fact
wa UNDERSTOOD that instant every farmer whose farm was
cursed with wet land began to drain that said land end ges
It into proper form for cultivation Then the round VISA
quckly ruR Of open drains, which quickly cogged up.
brick drains which quickly crumbed away and OF wooden
drains which quickly roed to pieces until OF last cseap
and durable material for underdrans was foAl u me
FIRE clay, of which we have to speak
ibis material is worked very much like poters clay for
earhenwaethe clay is kneaded, shaped into TIE proper
until il comes from the kin bard as stone itself
ibis earthen drain pipe has almost entirely superseded
other seie the metal pipes SSn "a, b Zoo eIpo Ss
the purpose scot Of CONDUCTING droknvster for long d.
tances il is unfit for the that, even after tho sur
sin too porous to make il desirable medium FOR the
transmission OF for the ordinary uses Of the kitchen
The sotness OF the clay gives taste 70 the wafer ID an
cases save where is kept more rapidly flowing thann
ordinarily consistent with household demands:
visit to OF heagest manufactures OF The eathsa
drain pipe which located In South Brooklyn reveals hs
The CLAW Is What is not unfrequently known as aro
! CLAW" and is brought from Woodbridge n. D. nn.
scottish sort of earth, tor the most part hee nom peoOs
and other extra matters and when it reaches New
York it is in lumps looking like dried mud, weighing
from an ounce to hundred pounds or nom the SIZE OF
pigeons egg that Of peachbasket II is OF yanous
coors white blue brown green aid red the colors pcng
doubtless attributable to the presence OF various nea
! oxyds. ,,..,
The clay having arrived here is first broken into small
Jumps and then put into mill precisely iKe tue giihins
mill in at oil brick yards ms apparatus Is %oAed
Abundance of water poured upon it, and y the Puye
zjng action of the mithe material to which more water
gueed TO 6asty saTy mass AIstcks stones and Other
foreign matters carefully eliminated and the clay
comes last from the grpdng machine Homogeneous
mass much of the conscience and appearance OF putty
when fresh prepared for II Is now roughly modes
into Jumps Of convenient size for handling and IS passed
10 the modng room where 1t ia to assume It's hnal shape
/ though by no means to undergo the final operations.
NJ t6o av "a forced into certain molds made of Plas
ter Of Paris and shaped Of the form II Is intended tne cay
10 receive These molds OF many and various shapes
according as II is desired to make straight tubing bcnds
elbows" branches, "chimney pots" flower vases
or what not The soft clay is forced into these mods BY
III. force OF very powerful screw press, which is worked
/ By hand or seam-power,
The desired mold placed in the lower psr Of Tho ma
chine and the plastic clay being fed into the hopper above
is forced by the tremendous strength Of the screw action,
into the mold till its tines creyce is filled TO i fullest
with the soft clay The mold is then taken out and thu
] of gpd while the mold
taken back TO undergo second tour otsduty
Afef he piDs " vase OF whatever the article may DO
is taken }ro the mold Z IS subjected 40 he hands 2.
skilled woThmen gho do the faa shaping They smooth
away the marks made where the different portions Of tbs
mold come together and correct any rhng irregularities
in form, smooth any roughened surface, or repair the
results Of any Careless hsndlng in short they put the
finishing touches on the article before II goes into the
s ws would ys wOns D dSr an SeS5s ny,
In order perfectly and speedily accomplish this many
the articles particularly those of the more regular FORMS
are placed upon tho ordinary "pottcrs wheel where the
requisite finishing manipuations much easily
| performed Ials "potters wheel is simply disc o.
wood set upon rapidly reyo.ying vertical shait, and
OF the world and most primitive of al machines an ap
pearuncc On expert will By its aid accomplish with casa
operations and produce effects Which. TO stranger ara
! among the wonders Of AFT. ...
/ These drain pes ore made with a wdened end az
extremity for the purpose of receiving the next engh
making perfect joint-this shoulder on each length OF
pipe though il looks as carefully finished though il had
received It's shaping mold is IL reality turned on ths
I
fngers. of the eiay-daubed workman.
The pipes made of different diameiers, though foe
the most part always in lengths OF two feet There are
few lengths Of three feet though but very few Tbs
damete range from two inches TO twelve inches and the
cost is in proportion 10 the size of the pipe
Beds'ihc straight lengths, there bends and ei
bows tuning crooked corners particularly, and
bnaches where pipe CT smaller caliber is LEI in at
right aus4e to the main pipe These notifications o.
shape OF carry increased All these elbows
etc. are pressed IN molds IN the same manner as the
stmghtsplpe ..
eeyed their ina shaping and trimming at the hands
the fnisher are set away in the drying-room II tbs
weather be favorable they may be- In certain stages
posed 10 the sun but generally thsprelimnary dfyln8
lakes place in the house and lasts about two days. and
intended rid the clay OF its superiuous water Were
tile moist clay exposed TO the intense heat OF thu
Kiln the water would be instantly converted into steam
and some curious conorons and variations OF the proper
shape would occur The moisture having been properly
eyaponlcd the articles are next ready Tor their hnA
baking in the kiln. This kiln IL a tower-shaped oven
somewhat like a locomotive boiler set on end-undcr this
heat is raised the articles 10 be baked or
'buned the technical namo is, being carefully piled
up in toll rows in such way that the fire may play
readily aud freely among them. This fire is the most in
tense that can be raised and this terrible heat is
pottery exposed for ~ 90 hours after which the mouth
Of the kiln hermeeslly sealed and left TO gradually
COOL which little operation takes about threcd days While
the kiln ye open certain amount of another sort OF
clay which is fsibe introduced, which instantly mets
is resolved into yapor which settles evenly on the outside
OF every piece OF pottery exposed 70 seset ana Govern
glaze In the drying and burning the clay loses about
When This piping IS laid down the Joints are closed with
waterproof cement black cement" material which
hardens with age and which, in the OF umo b.
comes as solid as the substance of the pipes 1t joins
When arrangements relative to tho proper employing
and management Of Central Park made and the mat
ter put into competent hands the drain pipe business re-
ceved great stimulus. Although the earthen pipe had
been used for wears in the streets, and many miles OF
had been laid down in Greenwood and elsewhere with the
best results still those engaged IN the manufacture
eahern pipes felt that great victory had been gained
when