The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1866-05-25

the French invasion the Peninsula until 1910 all
quvering with the agitation OF the elements which, In
the colonies had been so long subject the control Of
the few. They maintained themselves In complete I'M
certainty Is to their future, and the whole pontca
forces OF the country being unsettled left the people to
imagine the widest theories with respect 10 their future
government in this condition that they received
news OF the dissolution OF the Supreme Junta OF Seville
and that some OF It's members had been accused as
traors that the French had conquered the whole OF
gaiy es.sbshed BY the President q The dsiuuCt Jans
who Published decree. without date, naming tho I'VE
members who composed It.
EsrAsLIsHxENr or A COLONIAL JUNrA.
During this uncertain condition OF colonial affairs the
vioeroy q 1exIco Jose Iturrgaray, liberal than
many Of his predeoesso had espoussd the popular side
placed him n s bead 70 represent the Interests q King
Ferdinand during hts captivity But tho pover Of the
old spsni.rd: who sti held The principal odnces both
distsly seized Iiurrgaray forwarded him prisoner
those who had deposed HIM and appointed another Vice
roy, vspegAs who sent 10 assume control Of ahirs
so only @s a control ns no o. IL . SSs
:s N as ' Ivy ssg''s :: M
them out Of Il. Psonsa. they were therefore Bit
terry opposed 10 the establishment Of provisional gov
ernments BY the different vceroyaea and took measures
~ every method In their 70 prevent such proceed
ng proclaiming = rebels oil who engaged m their Or
The Regency witch bed h.sa o.saa.sa on The s.sh Of
inrnsed seriously upon the religious influences Of tho
.ssh and e.. abolished =, ,ns ay Tribunal IT,:
bind thc clergy nfmy in their opposition to the
Regency and the support OF the coIoni. jantas whc
The old Spaniards who had 20 monopozed colonial
oces were generally excluded In the formation Of the
co. r. '. a. n 4ss they wn 20. no.
eral movement until the former attempting 70 restore
ths old order Of things were entirely excluded from the
70 espouse the French found that IN opposition to
the creole and church interests II was mpracticabe;
sSSy snsrcSIs with the hope c Of continuing ing
Cadiz Regency which threatened to overthrow all
the colonial untas and restore America to M former de-
pendent position The native element had however,
grown too powerful TO be treated with impunty; the
avalanche OF free thought and action had received its
crushing all attempted opposition The people had
tasted the waters at the spring OF power for which they
had 50 long sighed and though the fountain has often
from that day to this flowed blood instead Of water In
its attempts TO free itself from the poison OF colonial
rule liberty and progress are still the moving forces Of
Tho first impulse OF the Cadiz Regency was to deal
literally with the colonies On May IT, 1870 they de-
carcd them open to free trade in all articles of their
own production which Spain could not consume
Tbs merchants Of Cadz, all powerful in their
monopoly Of colonial trade, found means to have
and the Regency went back TO the old system Of
trade throughout America II too late to exercise
sach vaciiating policy the colon SITS had disco
their rights and now determined to assert them
while from reasons already mentioned the clergy sided
with them.
notable fact tina. the revolution In Spain against
French power was melted principally by the parish
priests whic the nobility and higher orders were the
principal adberents OF King sph There a similar
power existing In America; the "Curas, y who In
immediate contact with the lower classes swaycd their
minds in any desired direction and the lower orders of
the clergy being composed entirely OF creocs and mixed
races naturally exercised thor influence In the direction
OF the provisional juntas from which they had so much
70 hope.
Strong in the belief that by provisional governments
they might be enabled to hold the country for Ferdinand
Vl they established junas almost simultaneously In all
parts OF the countrytha of Caracas 10Th April 1907
La P, 18th July, 1902 Quito 10Th August 1909; Santa
Fe do Bogoa 25th May 1870 Bnenos Ayres, 18th Nay,
1910. and Chile, 18th September, 1870
No people in history ever blessed with moro
favorable opportunity To free themselves from the
crushing despotsm that weighed upon them than were
the spanish Americans Their whole country contained
but very few Spanish troops. In fact, convinced
the mother country Of the loyalty Of the colonies
immense districts had been guarded with but the shadow
OF an army.
SEVERE MEASURES OF THE REGENCY.
When the regency received news OF the formation Of
colonial intas they were animated with the utmost fury
against tho coobists. They immediately despatched
royal commissioner TO Venezuela, who TO
tho regal power fullest extent remove suspend
dismiss the authorities of every rank and class
pardon or punish the guilty at peasure to the
noys belonging 70 tue 70. az treasury &C The Junta OF
Caracas refused 10 receive him. Venezuela then
declared IN state OF blookade although there was not
sbp 10 enforce the decree
tho regency to uphold the cause OF Ferdinand VII
an exped ton immediately organized and sent to
Venezuela WuOlc proceedings oil the Colonies were
declared revolutionary and instructions were given to
the Spansh forces TO devae the country with fire and
sword So thoroughly the orders carried out that
they often murdered their own brothers and relatives
whom they found among the insurgents. General Cal
lea In despatch informs the vceroy that after losing
one man killed and two wounded he put FIVE thou
sand betrayed Indians to tho sword and that their total
loss was double that number. Most of them killed
while on their knees begging for mercy.
Caraccas cayitulatcd the Spaniards under General
Montoverde, July IS. 1872 1t had been conceded that
life and property should be held sacred. An English
that treaty kept--'Monteverde caised to be
rested nearly every creole OF rank throughout the
county count chained them in para and had hsd
Cabelo whore many persisted by sufocaiion and dis
case Tho same officer states that Boves and Rosete,
royaiist officers in travrsing the route from the river
Ornoco 10 the valley OF Caracas than four hundred
miles, left human being alive of any age or sex
cept such a Joined their standard.
RESTORATION OF FERDiSAND-sAvAGE MEASURES
AGAINST the coLoSIsrs.
Upon the restoration OF Ferdinand to the throne,
through the efforts Of the English and the defeat Of tho
plans OF Bonaparc throughout Europe, he threw him
self into the hands OF the bgoted ana,caI OF
the reaconary party and refused to uphold the liberal
1872 and in which the colonies were placed upon foot.
ing with the mother country. beng entitled to repre-
sentative for every seventy thousand inhabitants He
Immediately declared the colonies TO be In state OF
tiny refused 10 listen any from them
but offered to them unconditional pardon The viceroys
and all their acts were contirmed the colonists
censured for presumne to frame government for them
selves and active taken TO the
old system under which they had SO long groaned
Large renforcemcn;s we're despatched TO America and
In the name OF Ferdinand de Bourbon the whole land
was made desclate. Morio, In 1915, entered Bogota,
and wrote 70 spain that by cutting OF oil who could
read and write he hoped eecualy TO arrest the spirit OF
revolution" Six hundred of the rst people Of the city
were hanged or shot in cold blood. liberal policy IN
the royal council would have Immediately restored the
colonies 10 Spain but this only widening
breach.
Great Britain interposed her good Offices mediate be-
tween the coonss and the mother country but fruit
lessly scsroids were erected on all sides; the sword
found Wild work; the sanguipary tide Of Spanish
gcance had been oosed and threatened TO nundac tho
whole country was In the midst OF these wild throes
that Spanish American Independence he born and
IL was from these horrors they TO consolidate their
naonaties by hfty years OF subsequent revolutions,
which were the results OF the thus entaed upon
them. The colonisis had poured out their blood and
treasure 10 restore Ferdinand 10 his throne and he
rewarded them with CHAINS and But the
luton In the creole mind had progressed too far and
SPAN had no power 10 again encbain completely tho
mind which had caught sight OF freedom.
To relate the condition OF section recounf the
horrors OF all The Congress Of the La Plata in their
address 10 the nations of the earth which more
like the groans Of the Brons for protection the
savagcs said THE spanish Ministers irsued vigorous
n -