The New York herald., 1866-07-08

sand strong and will OF course be daily reinforced
At tho other extremity OF the line OF operations find
the Prussans actually c-osing the Austrian fo1sticr
at 0derbeg, at the southeastern point OF Silesia
ditcult to believe .i that this G is = serious IN,
hardly likely to carry campaign at such distance
from their resources to extend their line SO that the left
wing OF their army under the Crown Prince might be r
retrevably separated from the main armv and perhaps
be taken in by the Ausrans forcing their way
main army will probably cross the frontier in the neigh
borhood OF Barnsadt with the intention of obtaining
equivalent for the loss Of Saxony by the occupation OF
Breslau The centre OF the Austrian army said TO be
about Josephstad and In this district that far
id knowledge OF the position Of the belligerents
allow s TO conjecture, one or more great battles must
shorty he fought
Tho , Of the Austrian generals, the valor OF their
tro'n ani the determination of their government give
rlson suppose that great and obstinate
ot j. = hand but II now admitted by the Austrans
themsc" hat Prussia has 9ained very great advantages
that have been afforded her by the mprudence
of the austrian government ITSELF The fact is that
Austria and the States in alliance with her sur
prsed by the decisive and rapid action of Prussia They
thought they could take their own time to begin and
that the military operations would follow the political
demonstrations at the good pleasure Of Vienna Filled
with this vain confidence Austria pushed the vote OF
the Diet before Field Marshal Benedek ready TO act
and while the minoE States who were urged to
the full importance OF their actions On the 18th, Aus
tria, by demanding the vote Of mobilization from the
minor States actually forced them to assume position
OF hostility Prussia and the Emperor bound to
provide that they did not to harm. But tho vote
xod for only two days afterwards and on the 14h
the four Kingdoms. with the Electorate OF Hesse the
Duchies OF Hesse Darmstad Nassau and Brunswick,
and others OF less note were exposed by their rashness
to tho vengeance Of the enemy The Ausrans not
ready TO give any Of them the smallest assdnce Prus
sia In the meantime, had made all her preparations.
large force was posted along the frontier Of Saxony from
Halle TO Gortz and its operations so well calculated
that carried with 1t planks OF the requisite length to
repair the bridges Of which the measure had been taken
beforehand As the Prussians concentrated on Saxony
80 they concentrated on Hanover. and whether they
succeed or not in overtak Ing the retreatng Hanoveran
The Elector Of Hesse is not only dcthroned but mprs
oned and the fate of other princes Is still uncertain.
1t would probably have been impossible under any CIR
cumstances to save Hanover, but the occupation
Of the other States is directly due to the un-
readiness Of the Vienna Court which provoked power
fu and INSCRIPTIONS enemy before It's own preparations
were complete. The whole plan Of operations de-
vissd by the generals Of the Austrian alliance is
power Of Prussia which also occupies military positions
on which the Austrans calculated for their own cam.
pagn. 1t said, and with much appearance OF proba
bilty that the minor States whose levies
eating at Frankfort are sgnally discouraged by the as
rIa. which thrust them into danger before she was able
to protect them, and has given revolutionary invader
an eory ana DC an 10 Ss sven
active part in the campaign on the ground that Austria
The Austrian government wil no doubt do its best to
restore the balance in its favor It will strain every
to rive assistance to the Federal in the West
silesia The last is that the Federal army is
ing uorthward that twelve thousand Austrans
yibre encouner may take place .cin he merit sO days
While the main armies Of the two bcgerenis are NOV
ing slowly towards each other the fate Of Central Ger
many may be already decided.
The German Free Cities.
BREMES-ITs IMPORTANCE IN THE sTRUdGLE-THK
ARCH wAR-BREMEN ONE OF ITS PROBABLE
ABUTMESTs-ACCoUNT OF BREMEEHLvES.
Bremen one OF the four free cities of Germany which
have fourshed little republics in the midst Of sur
rounding monarches. The other three Lubbock,
Hamburg and Frankfort on the. Main.
Br men s not alone interesting Americans from the
fact that she has long maintained and strongly de-
Tended free institutions inaugurated successful COM
meIce with the New World. glance at tho map will
show that she occupies an important position In the
great struggle which has already begun between Austria
and Prussia The track OF military operations may be
traced in huge semi-crclc sweeping from Scheswig
Holstcn and Hanover tho northwest OF Europe.
through Berlin, Scsia Bohemia, Vienna and
the Tyro down 10 Venetia the Adriatc.
or this rreat arch let MS assume the key
stone TO be near Bresau or Rosel in PrussIan Siesa
Then the abumens will rest one at the republic Of Bre-
thcrcabout, the other in the ex-rcpublic OF
Venice Strange coincidence that this chain Of military
contingencies should thus stretch for leagues to unite
the present cities that have been hound in the past
by many ties Of sympathy and similarity.
From Breslau the distances to Berlin and Vienna are
about equal railroads transport troops rapidly from
either capital and somewhere near the borders OF Bohe
place In the north OF Italy troops are gathering 10
strike blow at Austria in that quarter In the north
Of Germany Hanover and the Dutchies seem destined
before the military diplomatic mbroglio can be un-
raveled
be well satisfied. Italy claims venetia; Prussia evil
IDENTIFY wants Hanover; the Duchcs will fall naturally
into the hands OF the copquero and the free cities that
have SO long exuIted in their independence may we'll
look with apprehension at struggle which may eventu-
ally deprive them Of their hard earned liberties
a, of<ctStn th0car,
republics Bremen Is situated in territory comprising
hundred and ten square miles hardly moro than the
visitor Is struck by thinss-the superior style Of
buildings compared with those OF other continental
military surveillance which throughout Europe generally
makes strangers life nuisance to him On the spot
where . feudal fortress once frowned TO overaws
tumultuous citizens there Is now beautiful public park
the castle has been down. but the ctizsns enjoy
themselves all the more in the shady alleys and PRONE
nades Of their boased pleasure garden In the old CO.
hed there arc the usual objects Of interest in the way
d tombs trophies relics &c but there s one peculiahy
that have never met elsewhere on the Continent not
one exists in Dublin, Ireland-vI: vault which has
the peculiar property OF preserving bodies from decom-
Susnt garbs he bodies Of dead citizens and crinsssss
s.%s pre:sysd i iS' :oo and there j. e:
instantly The bureomssters and council have nne old
in the siosious -e old WI wine % cellar whereof rsposs
twelve casks Of ancient vino called the twelve
Apss:i the SS,ge%::.s, s,. :: you, IA friend ,ns
II century and half old and said 10 bs worth three
dollars glass like rebel American whiskey towards the
close OF the war.
During recent visit there a grand meeting OF
musicians from all parts Of Germany They gave mon
ser concert at garden few miles out Of town, and ap-
piled the proceeds TO the relief Of the widows and
phans Of deceased musicians You may imagine what
splendid music they made
The city divided by the river weser into two parts
the old and town. suppose after they got tired OF
building bank alone they crossed and built
the other, just they do In America The weser is
not navgable for large vessels notwithstanding all the
dredging in the world the principal port s at Bremen
haven, at the mouth OF the river.
This port may be considered part OF Bremen, just As
0stum OF Rome, or Calao is OF Lima, The good
burghers Of ancient days. all the world, seem to
have had most wholesome dread Of naval attacks even
before the days Of -cads and liked TO have their
dwellings well out Of range OF sea cannon. Bremerhaven
is defended by Fort wilhelm, which now, or until very
recently has been garr rsoned by Hanovean troops but
they wero paid for by Bremen.
About twelve years ago magnificent dock and basin