The evening telegraph. [volume] (Philadelphia [Pa.]) 1864-1918, 1866-09-04

the limits which she had held on the 1st OF
January, 1892. Her boundaries were recthed,
with the concession, however, of certain dis
tricts, so nicely adjusted that IL enlarged her
dominlons to the extent of some 10000 square
YARDS, and her population to the amount OF
100000 inhabitants The pen which drafted
the treaty blotted out the monarchies that, in
less than ten years, had grown mp under the
creative hands of the ConQueror, and docked OF
l5,s6O,OOO souls from ne jurisdiction OF France
another not uniruitfnl source of detestation
and tears.I In the sequel of stlpulations, Hol-
land, with some increase OF territory, was
committed to the sovereignty of the House of
Orange. This grant was accompanied by q
condition that neither the title nor the sove-
regnty should in any case attach to any prince
wearing or called TO wear, foreign crown.
BY provision, in which neither Louis XVIII
nor France could now have any very material
interest 1t was stipulated in vague and unde-
fined language that the States of Germany 'are
independent and united by Federal bond"
The independence of Switzerland was pro-
claimed, with the understanding that she
should continue TO manage her concerns under
her own peculiar system OF government. Italy,
outside of the limits of territories claimed 6y
Austria, and revertng to her authority, was
composed Of sovereign States.
RestitutiOn--A General Amnesty.
The ground being thus forelaid for a more ex-
tended and explicit compact, the contracting
parties proceeded to stipulate for q series o
resttutions, from one strong handed pillager to
another, the like of which had not been wit
messed since the treaty OF Ryswick. France,
England, sweden, Norway, and Portugal DIS
Gorged what they had absorbed. This compact,
the arch on which all other conventions subse-
quently rested, embodles a clause for which
honor is due to the memory of Lord Cathcart,
who, we believe, proposed it to his colleagues,
or, at least urged its acceptance. In order 10
allay all heart-buTnings, and bury in oblivion
che cruel diesensions which had rent asunder
the political society in Europe, 1t provided and
promised that NJ one, of what class or con-
dItlon sOever, should ever be molested or
called in question for pubic acts, individual
Tpions, or active participation during the
: Tulslons of the time. closing with this am,
on the parties which had lately been engaged
le3IS, =, agreed TO accredit t9lenlpotentiaries
n n the u W, q General at Vienna, tor necessary
u Iatoi1e Oins and complementary arrangeApehts'
I,,,Ycss' of Vienna-A BA iii ant
nc Imiiy-A New Basis for the AIq"-
IibIium in EN- P . o.
ine io. wb,ch was proclaimed to be peace,
= ,iS;Io tbn means Of confirming that peace were
" TO the Congress OF Vienna. Atno
period dces the page OF htoLy IN Europe eM
Ribit such gathering VI slG!ssiem Io lnru;seG
with more solemn duties, whether VIC V9HSiyIel sI
fine millions of human beings concerned, tl.S
vastness of interests at stake or the greatness
of the consequences involved. In weight OF
matter and variety of questions 1t was dong
Injustice TO the sessions OF Vienna to compare
them with the deliberations OF Utrecht, or even
with those of Westphalia. Its discussions could
not be confined to the me1e mode OF checking
any future, disturbing action OF some ne single
mower, which ambition might tempt to misuse
its preponderance at nelgnpors eH'
pense and to his neighbors detriment'
The commissions of battle mad shaken
Europe TO its ioundaton-seats. Ola monarchles ,
had been sponged out and new ones, with
strange rulers, erected in their steaq. Inc Ger
manic constitution, the growth OF bloody cen
turies and the master-work of European poll
tics, had been swept away in the war-torrent
that gushed out of the French Revolution. 1t
was necessary, therefore, to reinstate upon new
grounds the basis on which the equilibrium OF
Europe had rested from the days when the first
check was given to the overgroWn power OF
Charles the Fifth and the first wedge driven
into the system OF ieudalIsm which ultimately
erumbled under the peryading influences OF that
revolution. Next in order came the recon-
struction of the Prussan monarchy, which had
been dismembered in the shock OF battle
between the troops OF the fourth coalition and
the forces of Napoleons armies. In this ques-
ton were interviewer the destinies OF Poland
and of the kingdom of SaXonY. The Neither
lands, Switzerland, Bavaria, Italy, and Genoa
demanded the incest deliberations OF the Con-
gress number of topics of secondary import
ance came before the memorable Assembly, to
which the victims OF a quarter OF a century OF
relentless wars came for redress OF their wrongs.
The conference of the plenipotentiaries resulted
in a series of side treaties and specific conven-
tions. OF those marked by general interest,
the essential clauses were afterwards grouped
within the compass of single act and placed
under the erpetual-perpeJual!- guarantee OF
the whole OF Europe.
Princes and Statesmen Present.
On the lst of October, 1914, two months later
than the period assigned by the Treaty of Paris
of the 30th of May OF that year, the Congress
was inaugurated by the presence OF the Empe-
rors of Russia and Austria; ofthe Kings of Prus-
sla, of Denmark, of Bavaria, and OF Wurtem-
berg; of the Elector of Hesse and OF the Grand
Dukes of Baden and SaXe-W Weimar. To its de-
liberations Europe had sent many of her states
men of highest fame and subtlest minds 1t
may be not uninteresting, in this sketch, to
recall some of the great names which, with the
exception OF Prince Talleyrand, were attached
to a document which time has proved TO have
been, in the main, record of diplomatic Jug
glery and hollow engagements. France, as
deeply interested as any of the other parties,
had selected Observation-Disclosures nOTnen et
omen, a name dating back 400 years in the
annals of affiuent mind, and an omen OF battling
subtlety and snake-like lubrcity in the twists
and turns of diplomacy. The Duke of Dalberg,
nephew of the prudent Dalberg, who, faithful
to Napoleon, had to the last presided in wisdom
over the Contederacy OF the Rhine. Latour du
Pin, an astute diplomat who left France in
disgust III the dark days of 1913, to mourn the
butchery of his Catholic sovereign, and nurse
his faith in legitimacy in the neighborhood of
the republican and Puritan town of Boston.
| Count, and subsequently Duke, de Noailles,
| Marshal de Moneys elder son, whose brother
] holds place in our history for services under
| Washington in our Revolutionary war. With
| voice which, as powerful as that of Pitt, for
| years kept Europe under the influence of alter
i nate doubts and fears, Austria spoke through
/ Prince Metternlch with the appendage of Baron
| Wessenberg-"a bouncing cracker to comets
| tail" Russia asserted her claims through
| Counts Rassumotiski Stackelberg. and Nessel-
| rode. England was impersonated by Lord
Castereaghl the Duke of Wellington,
| Lords Cathcart, Clancarty, and Stewart
| Prussia committed her damaged interests to
| the shreWdness of Prince Won Hardenberg and