The New York herald., 1866-02-22
Brazil.
IT'S TOPOGRAPHY AND srATIsrIcs.


mo empire OF Brazil very nearly extensive In
pccia all the rest OF South America possessing
as does nearly -four mflion square miles Of territory.
The faco OF the country presents great variety. Near
tho coast is mountainous The principal rdgo called
the Brazilian Andes The interior OF the country Is prn
cpally vast forest exceps that In the centre there Is
sandy pain three hundred miles In extent from east to
wct which rises into lofty chains Of mountains from
whsnce those rivers proceed which aow into the Amazon
and La Plata Besides these great rivcrs which rise In
BAz this country Is watered by the Rio Negro RIA Ma
deira Chingn Toccantiu PARMA Aragua and othor
streams Of which tributary 70 the two
large rivers nrst named The country Is celebrated for
ia fertility and beauty. and produces In abundance all
the colonial productions Of the Western Hemisphere with
Brazil and other woods Cattle OF various kinds abound
with deer and other game The mineral productions
gold, svcr diamonds emeralds crystals and other pre-
clous stones-
The population OF the empire Is estimated At about
nine Millions The principal cities Rio JAneuo, the
capital Tannara Dnmsntina Porto Allegro, San Saliva
DOR, Porto SECURE, &o Tho revenue Of the empire n
1852 $40 sl0 and the expenditures $40 SEQ
The public debt Is 500 s63 l25 The imports Of tho State
amounted In 1912 70 $751; $50 ooo and the exports To
s67 952 02o The standing army musters fourteen thou
sand The navy Ia composed OF forty three ships In
active s~vice mounting two hundred and nfty guns,
manned by six hundred and eighty nine officers and
two thousand eight hundred men
HIsToRY.
Brazil discovered by the Portuguese In 1900 and
though occasionally In the hands Of the English and
Dutch, II remained colony Of Portugal until ls22 In
1908 John W., then Prince Regent Of Portugal, fed
from his county and before the invasion OF Napoleon
and emgraied with his family 10 Brazil, where he
In 1915 ned monarch OF the united Kingdom OF Por
tuga Brazil and Aigarve In 1871 John vi returned 70
Portugal ana Assumed sne crown IN o, snai M n,nfaom, @
Regent d Brazil In the year following the Bra
slians provoked Sy Oppressive acts acts Q. the ror.a,
and made Dom Pedro Emperor under the title OF
Pedro This monarch rcigned until 1881. whom he alb
dc.,ed tApr y in favor Of his son Pedro, then ehId
zans TO conduct tho government Pedro IL, the pre-.
sent Emperor, was @ born December 1879 and vas .ss
crowned Emperor in 1S1 though he had ascendcd the
throne year before Under his spirited management
the country has materially advanced In prosperity
Christina Maria daughter Of Francs King Of the Two
sciles by whom he has two children, both daughters
In lsaS sister OF the Emperor married the Prince De
Jonvie, who In tb,s country during the nrst years
Of tho late war.
THE GOVERNMENT.
Tho empire n divided into twenty provincea The
government b . constitutional monarchy. The General
Assembly is compo ed of two chambcrsthe Senate, 10
Which members are appose6 By he proyscial eleesos
are elected By the same provincial electors every four
years To each province there is Legislative Assembly
chosen by eectera me Presidents Of the provinces
appointed BY the Emperor The following 10 The
government nov Organized -
EmperoS. ............... Dom Pedro II
pr...,.. Pedro dc Arsngo Lina, Marquis
Minister d Jusice. .,oss rhouss Nssncco Do Ass,o
y mnstes Porssn A6aIrs jose Antonio sarnirA
hinslsr of FnAscs luse Ppdre p>ae De CsrvAnA
Minister Of Marss. W soSa ~
nialsssv Of war ~... .Ansslo nonls du sifva rsrr.a
MIaIssss AsrscsnsfN, sosss