Gallipolis journal. [volume] (Gallipolis, Ohio) 1837-1919, 1866-02-22
fsfIlltrs .fSii1 1T Department. i.ftil il

and better, and especially that We
are thus enabled TO plant q greal
Asnssehmore trees. and thus have .
sgfestef variety Of frtit upon snial;
Ter piece of land than if we were to
plant standards, some varieties <ef
which, grow to an enormous size,
and are very long in reaching their
period of maturity and fruitfullness.
Nursery.nsen distinguish between
free stocks for the production of
gtsldara, pear trees, where the bud
&stiot ~ PLACED upon free grow
ing, or pear stocks, and dwarfng
stocks where the buds are inserted
upon the ounce or some other stock
which. will not produce, large trees
because the roots do mot furnish a
sufficiency of sap: Thus, in the case
of ounce, which is the common
stock for dwariing @this fruit, its
roots are more flbrous than those of
The. pear:apd lessrambling, therefore
they fdrnisIfi a smaller amount of
crude sap and cause smaller devel-
opment of wood growth, and the
dwarf trees is the result. Thesevery
fbrous roots are said to be more
productive offcuiS. than those which
are not struggling.
Another explanation of the dwarf
p3rssalt and the early fruitage is
referable TO the fact that, in the ma
jority of cases, in the conjunction of
a scion with any uneopgenIaf; stock.
the 1nioR Of the fibres are exceed
ingly imperfect, so much so, that in
many cases, where the dwarf tree has
been accidentally broken down, we
are surprised toSind merely an adap
tation of the two woods rather than a
true union, though the bark seems
tehsye hef cdhtiuuous5 all round
But quite distinct, the pear bark
above, the ounce bark below the
point Of union, each being easily dis
tinguishable.
pRpt there are other modes Of
dwaTfng besides using a dwarfer or
an uncongenisl stock. Florist gar
deners well understand the effect of
pinching; the Chinese excel in starv-
ing kfeI ffees SO. as to reduce them
to miniature proportions, and yet
preserve the most perfect health in
DISQUALIFICATION specimens, and you
may al, with little systematic labor,
reduce the proportions of your or
!ehaId trees, of whatever species, by
lpdicious root prnning, which will,
,Rtsthe same time increase the pro-
portion of fibrous roots, and will be
ATTENDED by early aud extreme fruit
fnlness.:sE1z siai -.s.r-1 SIS I.
AEWe-maytherefore answer the ques-
ton Of our subscriber, "why do we
dHarf our fruit tree?" by saying that
we ds.it to dimish their proportions
so as to suit our fancy or conve-
nfe4ce, snd at the same time that We
psN hasten and increase their pro-
duetiveness. But there is a princi
pie involved that we should not lose
sight of, it may be expressed in the
fo4oYiAgnpstulate; Whateyerthrest
ehb tfs life of a, plant, 'lneritably
produces the formation of flower
buds instead of leaf buds, and con
sequently of fruit, and, if this be not
too-abuAdant, the size and quality of
theEfuitare increased by the same
circumstances. This is illustrated
by,fiDging the bark of tree or a
branch, whether accidentally or in
tentionallS; byFootrruning, by con-
tinuous pinching, by bending down
tie 6}anehesI as incthe QdeneuiIle
systep1 OF ftfaining q tree, or by
haesngthestem. ,ETEI
Before dismissing the subject it
should be stated that We do lot al
ways ssneeeeft in producing the de-
siseds effect Of early fruitage by
working the pear upon the ounce
Some Varieties do not appear to bear
fruit any sooner on the dwarf that on
thezst6ck. Many trees planted as
dwarfs, become supplied with pear
rootsIthatspring from the junction
of the two woods, and are really
standads. Moreover, there are many
varieties of pears that are early pro-
ductiye on free stocks -Praun Far
z1er. n - ~
wfSTERP PLowING.-In this climate,
where plowing can be done in the
warm spells that visit US at this sea-
son, the land receives gleater benefit
from being. plowedj now than it re-
ceiYss from either fall or spring
plbSing. Fhe ground plowed in the
fall becomes settled and packed by
the heavy rains, so that the frost
cannot penetrate it as well and amel-
iorsteits condition. When plowed
insthe spring, the frost does mot act
M.AH upon. the Clay, and it is more
90 lessisticky all summer, particular
ly4f wet By plowing now the soil
igteft loose and porous, the frost
penstrates it and, causes it ta crum-
bies OThe insects are dormant and
cannot seek warm quarters when
tifpsd out. as they can in fab or
spring giand are destroyed by freez.
ingsssIhe soil can beeasily prepared
bs'hafTowipg in the spring for any
erep, while that pfowed in early fall
Eill have become $50 packed that it
HaE de almost impossihl sto prepare
: Snlfokseed without another plowing.
SSfaItners, .pat your teams to work
nov, Whenever the Weather end soil
admit r,b1lt flnn'f rlrrvr tho vround