, 1866-12-13
EUROPE.
Letters from Munich and London.
RECONSTRUCTION N AUSTRIA.

RECONSTRUCTION N AUSTRIA.
Tho Had Faith OF Au>tF1a-Moro Re-
fofmAtory Rron1lsea-Duallsm The
Ra&lA Of Observation-Disclosures Of p4-
1tston-1he Army RcfoFm-The Pro.
posed Financial kteforms-The Auss
THAN Debt.
tFnpa onr Special correspondent}
Mra1cu, November 1a, 1868.
REcoNsrBEcT1ox IN AUSTRIA.
One Of tho leading negative chatacteyisttcs
ofths wrctched Government under which
Austria has been suffering these many yeaye.
is an iuvariable indulgence, whenever Il ea.
espes from great u Attonal crisis, in pro-
fusion Of promises of radical and compre-
htnstve rcfosms, regularly followed by an
early relapse into the former bad ways and
practices. After the profound humiliation
Of the rulers Of the ill-starred Empire by the
allied French and Italian arms In 1859, they
sought TO allay the Intense general indlgns-
tion OF their subjects at the miserable tru-
dittonal political and military system, to
which the misfostuncs Of those days could
bc distinctly traced, by the most liberal as.
suTances Of immediate and sweeping
changes for the better III the ad-
mlnistntion Of every brunch Of pub.
lie affairs. As repeatedly before, the
promisea were only given to be broken, part
y from Intentional faithlessress, and partly
Gotn want tofstatesmansbipi Of In those tutrusted
with the guidance Of the shin or state. That
Austria vas 40 easily prostrated by the ag-
Erc6sive blows Of Prussia last summer wis
due. Indeed to the unwi1linguess or Inability
or her rulers to proat By the lesson received
In 1859, la Northern Italy.
trian peoples from Vienna after the peace OF
vnlairanca, Is now being repeated IN all its
details Since the appointment and INSTALL
alton OF Baron Bcuet as Minister Of Foreign
Affairs, a series OF programmes, proclaiming
M ,as cannest 19;as PURPOSE Of the Emperor and
measures In MI departments or tl,c govern.
meut Withont delay, has appeared In the Of
GclAl paper, the Erenin5 Posf. They purport
to define the intentions Of the GoTernuae ent
not only In regard to the final settlement
q a., ths ~ hvessd, apparently iDsolable 9aes:
the Empire at large, and OF the political re.
latlons Of the several nationalfties compos-
tug 1t, to each other, bat also in regard to the
thorough reorganization Of the military e.
fabllslment, rendered fmperatiyely neces-
sary by TIC experience Of the late war mud,
last not least, relative to tie difficult prob.
lem Of extrieating the Empire from its ever
Increasing financial pesplexitics and It's
chronic state Of Oh the verge Of national
bankruptcy. The latest Anstrian t'piau Of
teconstruct!on" thus promulgated, deserves
close consideration, though to judge from
prccedents, It seems 10 ba Is little certain OF
practical realization % the i" policy" OF the
dangerous dcmagogue at the White House.
As to the character Of the political future,
Francis Joseph and his immediate advisers
profess TO be Intent npon working ont for tho
Mt tlo =
programme 10 hardly definite enough 10 en-
hhlc the public to perceive readily the exact
line of policy the Government means TO pur-
sue The official revelation, indeed, Is SO
full Of generolfties aud obscure expressions,
that its positive parts can only be deduced
by tbe most liberal construction. The ex-
Tefienced cxpouuders OF the Vienna press,
however, have agreed in the Inference, that
tue Governncnt proposes to adopt the psin-
ciplc Of ''dunIisrn'' MS the basis Of lis inter
nal policy. ''Duallsm' In Austrian polltics
means the ranging or tie different countries
and natlonallt1es foEmlnelthe heterogeneous
whole OF the Empire into two maia groups
for purposes Of lcEialstion and ndnintstrn.
tion, III contradistfnction from t'federalism,"
OF tho system Of politY, in which each terri
torial division Of the Empire would be au-
tonomous aud held to the other only by the
Tie q common allegiance to the Sovereign,
aud from the system Of Capitalization, aim
Ing at common Institutions, 1aws, rights and
duties for all the subjects Of the Empire, Re-
Eardless Of territorial divisions and differ.
ences Of nationality.
The dua1iatic as we'll as the federal and
creed Of political party. A1i these haye
already been successfully tried and abaa-
0oned by the Government. Dua1ism, to
Which It now proposes to return aftcr long
periodgof no policy -nll-Eufe, h!ns, to speak
more specifically, ut the division Of the En-
y,jfA ff,&7 md - Nn.
Of government, one combating of tho wetesn
provinces or Hungary, and the dependencies
south Of 1t, and tho other Of the eastern aud
northern provinces, viz: Gallcia, s1lesia,
Bohemia, MoraEia, Upper and Nethes Aus.
IT, ths y sa155orF s.STa c[oaa and
speak, are to bc IS nearly AUTONOMOUS and In
dependent Of each other as possible. While
governed by the common authority Of the
Emperor, they arc to be 1eeis1ated for, as far
as the common ruler will deem 1t compatible
With the interests Of monarchy, BY separate
The dua1lstic scheme Is, no doubt, accept
able to the German and Magyar elements,
which. owing to their numerical prepondcr-
ance, would be sure to rule In the respective
aHgregations Of provinces; but disiasteful
without question 10 the czecka, Poles, Eath-
enians, and the other natlonallties that
would fand themselves destined to play bat
subordinate parts In the contemplated sys-
tenn Of internal government. The vague
terms Of the published programme prevent
a clear conception Of the nature Of the pro-
Eosed relations of the two autonomous or
ganis1ns to he created. to the Supreme Gov
crrment. But the imperial decree, conrokinc
the Hungarian Diet, Just promulgated,
throws more light upou the intentions Of
the Government in this respect. According
to IL, the control of the national debt. the
regulation Of the Indirect taxes, and the OF.
Canizatton Of the army arc TO be tho powers
reserved to the central authority Of the
Empir.
The programme fos the reorganization Of
The army. the product Of the nav Minister
nj War, Lieutenant Field Marshal john, de-
fines the purposes Of the Government much
more fully and clearly than the official rcve.
lations concerning the proposed internal
rolity. Il f1fst enuinerates what Il terme
''cocent rcaso: ~ for an immediate and
thorough swecpiog reform OF the entire NIL.
| OF the principle. now In course OF practical
adoption by Ill the leading military nations
Of Europe, OF the ltahility Of every subject
! capable Of bearing asns,. to military duty Ii
defence Of the bonor and safety Of his soyer
| c'en md country. In order to carry out thi:
iucly necessary, tirst to fIuit the exces
! eiyc exemptions from military dut,
nnder esisting laws, and secondly
10 abolish entirely the system
Of Substitution, and to s1ast y uniformly per
PROPOSES to shorten the time Of actual ser
| vice In time at peace, with a corresponding
| extension Of the length Of service in the re
serve. It also alludes to the Organization O.
well trained militia, In addition to the reg
ernment 1t refers further 10 the recognized
necessity Of orerhaullue and reorgxnizioE
the various staff departments; Of eleratiuf
by proper moans the spirit Of the army ami
7a}slng the standard OF intelligence anon,
officers MS well as men by moro thorough IN
1cicncy as the only Title 10 and means o
promotion. AL OF which would he vel
enough, If capable and certain Of being car
1ied out
The programme for the solution Of Ii
NEST intricate, all but hopc-foshiddlng pro
the chaos to which the finances Of tine En-
yirc hare been reduced for many yeArs, /
even more rcp1cte with g1Ittering general
ties than that for the political rcconstrus
tiou. II promises an carly stop TO the cmi,
sion Of paper money, that has been going o
Gus than thst kept up By our Government
the same business In itA worst f1nAnciE
straits during the civil war, 1t assures th
Austrian pnbllc furthermore that ever
branch Of public affairs would henccfo1th
administered In the nest rigidly economic,
| HAtACI <u%S e44S *VA rs Il pSAAN$ "a hAS AA
pire would hereafter be 40 conducted zs
preclude the possibility OF further cos.
wars, thereby stopping the main sou-ce
the chronic deficit In the 1Eperis. Eel
qner and that every nerve 7@oEta ho ara
= cd BY the Govetnmsnt to .epalr The da
!, the material prospcsltey Of lie Emnirs
\ develop rapidly the. tcsourees of IL WI,
u cauntry, and th.reby Increase is gene,
psoductiseness and capabs1lty OF ta1atle
?. but, ,onfot II. lately these htsh~sounding, We
u turned re.sascs arc unlecomp4nied eth
70 BY posIive htts aud figures, demonstrate
., tho possibility OF realizing these high-stru
u hseuTancer, or by 81 announcement Of t
a. TING a. which the promised reforms are
ae begin; Moreover, The Austrian pablic