davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Caledonian. [volume] (St. Johnsbury, Vt.) 1837-1867, 1866-01-26
HOaV many bushels of Oats shall
2Ue SOW to the 4cre?

This is one of the disputable questions
among farmers-some advocating the ne
cessity Of more seed per acre, and others
of less, if large crops are to be secured.
Whether three, three and half, or four
| would never SOW more than four-bllsl,-
els to the acre be sown, depends to con-
siderable extent, / think, on the character
and condition of the soil. If the soil is
rich, well pulverized and in the best con-
ditlon to promote the growth and perfcc-
ton Of the grain, less quantity of seed
per acre is required than may be necessary
if the soil is in less fertile and produc-
tive state From three to four bushels to
the acre has been our usual practice, vary
ing the quantity according to the nature
and condition of the soil on the lands we
sow. Others have pretended that four,
six and even eight bushels should be sown
to the acre if we would get large yield.
We sowed on trial the last spring an
acre of good ground to oats in the fellow
ing manner: One third of the piece was
sown at the rate of bushels (Which |
will note as No. ~ to the acre; one third
at the rate of 4! bushels Go. p to the
acre, and one third at the rate of bush
els (No 81 to the acre. At harvest time.
two square rods were selected from near
the centre of the several sections, rcaped,
bound, well dried and thrashed. The fol-
lowing is the yield by weight: The first
piece Of two square rods (No. l, produced
50 pounds of oats the second two square
rods (No. p 29l pounds; the third two
square rods (No. 81 p pounds.
AT the above rates, from an acre of
ground with bushels of seed were pro-
duced 50 bushels; with bushels of seed
ISL bushels; with 6 bushels of seed Y
bushels. Not only do we get greater
yield in quantity with seeding of three
bushels to the acre, but the quality is bet
ter, the grains being larger, heavier, and
preferable for either feeding or seeding
purposes. No. grew rank, heavily
strawed, with longer and larger heads, and
lodged less than either Nos. Or 3 :; while
No. grew weaker, smaller strawed-
many straws bearing no heads whatever
and lodged worse than either Nos. or 2
The soil was sandy loan in very good
condition; last year the piece was planted
to corn, this year sowed to oats and seed
ed down. Nv. S.xpoDx
Lyndon, Dec. 1865.
The Caledonian. [volume] (St. Johnsbury, Vt.) 1837-1867, 1866-01-26

In A NUTsHEu.-The Knoxville Wing
puts the whole thing in nutshell, when
it says the following :-"Six millions of
white people, without shadow of a pre-
text, engaged in a struggle to overthrow
a government, and with it twenty millions
of whites and four millions of blacks.
They waged a terrible war, characterized
by a iiendish barbarism never equalled be-
fore since the beginning of time. They
caused an expense of Jour thousand millions
Of money to the nation. They murdered
fifty thousand of the soldiers of the GOV
eminent by starvation and cold, denying
them fire by winter and shelter in the
summer. They burned cities and spread
pestilence; they assassinated the ruler of
the country; filled the country with wild
ows and orphans; demoralized the church.
es, ard blasphemed the name of God !;
and foaU ask to rote, ana rule the country, as
they have formerly done!"
The Caledonian. [volume] (St. Johnsbury, Vt.) 1837-1867, 1866-01-26
The Magazines.

HARPER's New MoNTHLY.-This pop
ular magazine has the following table Of
contents in its February number:
Blackwell's Island lunatic asylum, illus
trated Euthanasy: Heroic deeds Of he
roic men-i!lustrated Indian summer
illustrated An international affair Sweet
clover; The Red Jacket medal-illustrat-
ed H.; The witnesses Armadale; To the
unreturning braves Diamonds and other
gems-iIlustrated; Christmas guests; The
holidays-II; The march to the sea :;
Charlotte Bronte's Lucy Snowe; Win
ming his spurs; Names Of places Easy
chair, drawer, etc.
The Caledonian. [volume] (St. Johnsbury, Vt.) 1837-1867, 1866-01-26
Horrible Tragedy III Mississippi.

A Jackson, Miss. correspondent of the
Chicago Republican says that an investi-
CATION by Major General Wood developed
the following startling facts relative to a
barbarous outrage perpetrated upon some
colored people in Carroll county, Miss
The details are taken from the official re-
port:
"A number of colored families were
occupying several buildings at Shangalo,
for which they had paid rent from time
to time The owner of the building was
we'll pleased with his tenants, and nothing
could be alleged against them, except that
they were free niggers' and living
alone This simple fact seemed to sting
the pride of certain slaveocrats and iber-
ty hatcrs. They threatened the negroes
with burning out, and on one occasion
white men gathered around the buildings
and endeavored by firing guns and rcvolv-
er> to brighten them away. These men,
aces and threats were unavailing. The
negroes still remained.
On the evening of the 18th of Novem-
Der they had quilting party, followed
by dancing party. About ten or eleven
o'clock, While all were enjoying themselves
very pleasantly, about twenty white men
suddenly surrounded the buildings and set
them on fire, and refused egress to all in
mates Shots were fired into the burn
ing buildings. Great CONSERVATION pre-
vailed 1t is not known that any failed
to escape from the buildings, mostly by
breaking through the windows Notwlth-
standing so horrible fright and excite
mcnt, some had presence of mind enough
to cndcavor to save some bundles of cloth
inc or other property. These were seized
by the white men, and thrown back into
the flames. One man, in escaping, called
to a woman, saying, Follow me, there is
no danger this way - you, Ill show
you whether there's danger said white
man.
lie shot. The negro fell His dead
or wounded body was picked up and
thrown into the flames TO further show
the desperate and petty malignity of these
incarnatc ticnds, they caught and burned
the poultry Of these poor people and shot
their fat hogs in the pen. Without shell
ter, without food, without clothing. ex-
cept what was on their persons, they took
refuge in an old abandoned church. This,
too, was burned Being fully possessed
OF the devil, to complete their iniquitous
carnival, they caught an unotfending and
tavorite servant boy and cut his throat,
with intent to kill. But, as if to be liv-
ING monument of these Internal deeds, he
still survives, and his ghastly wounds are
slowly healing"
a coroncr's jury summoned by the ci Ill
authorities could neither distinguish the
''aSe, race or SEX of the man burned, and
decided that he came to his death ''from
some cause unknown" Five white men,
supposed to be actors in this drama of
bloodshed and arson, were on trial before a
magistrate for part of two days, and ac-
Quilted The sentiment of the community
upholds the crime.
The Caledonian. [volume] (St. Johnsbury, Vt.) 1837-1867, 1866-01-26

In Boston, the other day. Thomas
Burns whacked over the head with a ST.
bre man who said he wished jeff. Davis
was President now Burns was hauled
up for the assault. On the trial il WAS
shown that he had rendered gallant SER
vice rs a scout in the war: was five times
All inmate of rebel prisons. and on one
occasion was hung by the neck TO tree
for spy. but cut down by the order of
the. rebel General Hoke, barely in time TO
save his life. after which he was one of
the little crew who aided the gallant
Gushing in the destruction of the rebel
ram Albemarle. For all which he has
received the highest compliments from
both the secretary Of the navy and the
secretary Of war. The Judge without
comment imposed a fine of ose cent with
out costs.
The Caledonian. [volume] (St. Johnsbury, Vt.) 1837-1867, 1866-01-26

equally with Others, then iis iniralal......
of that race or color shall not be c,lli,..
in determining Its number of reIr,,,..-
tives I'm Congress.
3. The national faith of the Ia.
States shall be forever sacred; AMI a..
State which shall be hereafter ;a'lmill
or restored to this Union shall ihoryl,.. 4,
it becomes partner in the national ie..s-
er and treasure, so assume lis propor1i,a.-
ate share OF the national reSponsihili,...-.
But no debt incurred 10y any State or .,--
ISOLATION OF States i'm rebelling or nla,l.-
war against the United States shall c,r
be paid or recognized. either 10y the I'M
ed States or 10y any individual STATE.
4. In no State which shall hcpeti1.
he admitted into this Union, OF wil4
may have attempted TO withdraw from r.,
shall there be any distinction in the rn-
stitution, laws, or municipal reguiaiio,.-.
on account of color or descent; or sl.
payment, either 10y the State or the Inn
ed States. for emancipstei slaves.
). Congress shall have power Ia III
force these articles 10y appropriate le4i----
ton.
The Caledonian. [volume] (St. Johnsbury, Vt.) 1837-1867, 1866-01-26
JOB PRINTING.

We are adding to or Printing fac'lat'es
from time to time, and intend to otodys De
ureuq,rd to do nearly all kinds Of job Print
int. such as Wedding, address and Business
Ca,as. Circulars. Bill Heads, Blanks, he
c.ilts, Auction Bills and Posters. in good
style and at JAR prices.
~ We are also agents for good Book
binder and Eagrarer.
C., VI. STONE d. co.
The Caledonian. [volume] (St. Johnsbury, Vt.) 1837-1867, 1866-01-26


rebelled and warred against the United
States 10 It's place and power. as gort'rt-
ing J~,tsar IN the TmOa. till adequate Sc
curly has been obtained against lis re
ncwing the attempt TO seeele; against
It's being represented in Congress beyond
Its just proportion according TO its voting
population against any payment OF debt
incurred in rebellion, or for its emanclpai-
cd slaves: and against any distinction IN
lis constitution, laws, or municipal regu-
laiionS. on account OF color or descent
Ii. Not TO allow any distinction on ac-
count of color or descent, in the laws or
municipal regulations of the District of
Colunb;a-the National CaydtaL. whose
institutions. ordained by Congress, stand
before the world rs representative OF the
national spirit and character.
Ill. To propose, for ratification by
the several STATES. amendments OF the
Constitution substantially as follows -
|. The union of the United States of
America shall Le perpetual.
,. II, by the constitution and laws OF
any State. persons are denied, on account
The Caledonian. [volume] (St. Johnsbury, Vt.) 1837-1867, 1866-01-26
The Fight OF Petition.

In another place will be found the form
of a petition to Congress, which we hope
some one in every school district will cut
out and paste upon letter paper, and pro-
cure all the signatures possible, and then
forward it to the member of Congress
from his district. or one of the senators,
to be presented to Congress.
We believe j. to be one of the duties
of the hour for every freeman to express
his mind to his representatives at Wash
ington. If the petition referred to ex-
presses your wishes, it is an easy thing to
sion it; if not. sign some other one, or
write letters to your representatives in
Congress This is not only your right,
but it is doubtless the wish of the men
sent to Washington to know the minds OF
their constituents. Senators and repre-
sentativcs are but agents of the people.
If the people make no sign, who is to
blame il the agents act contrary to their
wishes
To petition Congress is your right as
well As privilege. The constitution pro-
vides that the right of the people to petit
ton the government for the redress of
grievances shall never be abridged This
right can be exercised with very little
trouble and no expense, as Icy law of
the land communications to members of
Congress are carried in the mails free of
charge. Then let your representatives at
Washington have no doubt as to your in
dividual wishes.
If you believe the inhabitants of the
late rebelious states have forfeited their
rights as citizens, and are improper per-
sons to be represented in Congress; say so.
If you believe that before recognition
of the late rebcllous states and their ad-
mission to the national councils, due re-
card must he had for the loyal people of
those states, without regard to color or
descent; say so.
If you believe that while we cannot
expect indemnify for the past, irreversible
guarantees for the future must he insisted
on: say so.
In short, if you believe that there is
and can he no substitute for Eternal JUS
tee: that the unity and soverei gnty of
he Republic; eniranchisement and equal
ity before the law; security of the ma
tlonal debt; the rejection Of the rebel
debt impartial suffrage, in order to Sc
cure national peace and tranquility If
You believe these are imperative or even
important ; say -o-;,nd say it in a mali
ner that your representatives at Washing
ton will hear you
The Caledonian. [volume] (St. Johnsbury, Vt.) 1837-1867, 1866-01-26
Suffrage IN the District.

Oar readers will note the passage of 4
negro suffrage bill in the House, the past
week, by very large majority. 1t is
quite noticeable that this bill received the
support, in its early stages, of the most
radical Republicans and the bitterest cop
per-headS-that Of the former because they
conscicntiouSly believe it right and that
Of the latter because they hope by push
in,. suffrage bill that has no educational
clause to kill the whole thing. What are
called the conservatives, would not have
color but intelligence the test of manhood.
They believe that a suffrage bill that re-
quires every voter, white, black or copper
colored, TO be able to read and write,
might become law in the District, and
finally all over the Union.
The final vote on the bill referred to is
Instructive Every New England repre-
sentative voted for the bill, while every
man who calls himself s'democrat" voted
against it, together with very few wes-
tern Republicans. 1t is well for the peo-
pie to watch Congress when its members
are Obliged 10 show their colors.
The Caledonian. [volume] (St. Johnsbury, Vt.) 1837-1867, 1866-01-26

The newspapers have much 10 answer
for injury TO weak eyes from their small
type and imperfect printing. would
cheertully give two hundred dollars year
to support newspaper which would .ive
Us, mornin. and evening. hall column
OF the really reliable news. instead of fiji
teen columns of diluted >peculation~ and
tricky canard>, the reading OF which hurts
our eyes and wastes our precious time
Dr. Dio Lewis.
Whatever other objections there NAV
be TO The CALIFORNIAN. We intend to
keep ii free from the charge of small type
and imperfect printing, ard all for 81 a
year-not two hundred.
The Caledonian. [volume] (St. Johnsbury, Vt.) 1837-1867, 1866-01-26
The Jamaica atrocities.

On the fourth page of last weeks pa
per we gave a touching instance of the
barbarity exhibited by the whites in quel-
ling the riot at Jamaica. The Boston
Journal says: The more the subject of
the late terrible transactions is brought
near to the facts. the greater appears the
enormity of the crime of the government
officials in Jamaica against humanity.
The cause for the fearful waste of life was
unquestionably nothing more than n riot
a very serious one, no doubt, but one
which certainly did not require deluge
of blood, such as was shed, to punish it.
That it was not a rebellion, in the aggra-
waited sense declared ley the English exc
cutive, army and navy officials, is evident
in connection with the fact that i'm no part
of the island were arms found in the pos
session of the masses, and even in the dis
turbed district no more deadly weapons
were found in the hands of the people
than their cutlasses, which are to them the
common implements OF huSbandry. y
Kingston letter. dated 9th instant, in the
New York Times. has the following para
graphs:
''The rioters killed thirteen persons. and
the government in return hanged and shot
two thousand one hundred and forty. This
is ascertained by official returns and esti-
mates; but the real numbers destroyed
never can be known. for. i'll the disturbed
district. hundreds were shot down in the
bushes by the soldiers, black and white,
by the Blue Jackets, and by horde Of
aboriginal savages known As Maroons, to
all of whom the test to find out rebel
was the color of his skin. As these
avengers swept over the district. they
hanged or shot every person they met with
black or brown face; and in their ma
lignant fury even women and children
were destroyed In short. they killed for
sport 1t is related that as the troops. I'M
der Col. Hobbs. came over the mountains
from Port Royal Parish into ST David.
where there was no disturbance, the labor
ers in their terror fled in all directions, and
as they fled they were shot down.
A great many women. some in preg-
nancy, some with babes in their arms,
along with little boys and girls. in their
alarm climbed up into trees TO serene them
selves, but they were all regarded as rebels,
and blown out of their hiding places hv
the rifles OF their pursuers On one plan
tatlon. where the negroes remained faith
full, and in the hour of danger rallied for
the protection OF their masters. they were
subjected to like fate. What | have
stated will be sufficient TO satisfy vour
readers in what respects the riot at Mo-
rant Bay may be likened to the mutiny in
India. Why was it called rebellion
will naturally he asked answer-it
WAS called Il rebellion. and declared Ia b..
q widespread rebellion. in order TO serve
political ends: but there is no evidence TO
show that there was any design for general
uprising"
The Caledonian. [volume] (St. Johnsbury, Vt.) 1837-1867, 1866-01-26

BULLY FOR BEN-I'he Soldiers Con-
vention held meeting this evening in the
Hall OF the House OF Representatives,
which was thlnly attended. Gen. links
presided, and the feature of the evening
was i speech of upward of an hour in
length from Gen. Butler He urged the
equalization of bountieS. If there WAS
not money enough in the Treasury. take
land. Begin at Arlington House aud 20
southwark, dividing and distributing con-
quered territory. as did the Romans. He
narrated the reasonable conduct of Gen.
Lee in 1861, and urged that he should he
brought TO trial with his associate, jeff.
Davis. The Generals remarks were
loudly applauded by those pre>ent.-Dis
patch to JOurudi
The Caledonian. [volume] (St. Johnsbury, Vt.) 1837-1867, 1866-01-26
THE EXECUTION OF MIS-. GRINDER.

HE EXECUTION OF Mrs. GRINDER
This woman. the history OF whose crimes,
conviction and sentence Is f;lmiiiarly known
was hanged at Pitt>burg, Penn, Oh Fri
day forenoon. Before her execution the
criminal confessed to having poisoned
Mrs. Caruthcs, for which murder the
sentence of the law was carried into eff
feet, as also a Miss Buchanan. The de-
meanor of the wrctched woman during
the night preceding the execution and at
the gallows was wonderfully calm and
collected She passed 4 portion of the
night III prayer, after which she slept
soundly, and in the morning ate hearty
breakfast. She walked from her cell TO
the gallows, and on the Scatfold exhibited
the stoiciSm OF saint. Her death was
terrible one. The fall was improperly
adjusted, the knot slipped, and she slowly
strangled TO death.
The Caledonian. [volume] (St. Johnsbury, Vt.) 1837-1867, 1866-01-26

The two Cummings, in Jail at Lancas-
ter tor the Northumberland assault, and
the two Lbbys, charged with burgarly at
Milan, made their escape on Saturday
night by saving off the iron bars of the
window CRATE. The fugitives had nearly
twelve hours start before their hegira was
The Caledonian. [volume] (St. Johnsbury, Vt.) 1837-1867, 1866-01-26

"THE RIGHT WAl."-Major Geo. L.
Stearns OF Boston is printing weekly
paper with the above name 1t is mainly
devoted to disseminating useful informa-
ton and right doctrines respecting the
great question Of the Reconstruction of
the late rebcllious States. 1t is an excel
lent paper; and an edition Of over so, 600
copies is printed each week and sent free.
and postage pad, TO every State and Ter
ritory in the Union. All communications
should be addressed to VIM. NJ. Thayer.
agent, POI Washington street Boston.
The form OF petition to Congress, which
We give elsewhere, was taken from this
paper.
The Caledonian. [volume] (St. Johnsbury, Vt.) 1837-1867, 1866-01-26
M2ItiL0fed CURRENCY.

The Woodstock Standard, the editor Of
which is postmaster, says:
The postoffice department does not re-
deem mutilated currency. 1t should be
sent Gin sums not less than three dollars
to the treasurer of the United States,
Washington, D. G.
We presume the Standard is right, but
TO what inconvenience and loss does the
government unnecessarily put the commu-
nifty. Thousands of people are getting
more or less Of this mutilated stuff, but
many do not have So worth and SO they
suffer loss. How much better would it
be have every postotfice redeem the I'M
current currency, and the postmaster re-
nit the same to Washington with his
quarterly returns This could be done
without expense or loss TO anybody; and
if the government isn't obliged to redeem
its money only in certain quantities
and at certain places, what is the stuff
worth T? There is considerable practical
common sense wanted in this currency
matter, as we'll as in the internal revenue
department; and the people have been
very patient in waiting for the desired
change.
~ We are again indebted to Hon. J.
The Caledonian. [volume] (St. Johnsbury, Vt.) 1837-1867, 1866-01-26

NEWSPAPER PosrAGE.-It is anpouuc-
ed from Washington that the post-oilice
committee of the House is considering a
provision for the prepayment of postage
on newspapers, at the publication office
The plan is favored by the postmaster GEN
eral and other officers of the department
The Caledonian. [volume] (St. Johnsbury, Vt.) 1837-1867, 1866-01-26

Josh Billings says some good things
Here is one of them 81 argy in this
way, if a man is right he can't be too
radikal, and if he is rong, he can't be too
The Caledonian. [volume] (St. Johnsbury, Vt.) 1837-1867, 1866-01-26

''Well: Bridget, if l engage you, shall
want you to stay at home whenever shall
wish to 90 OUT ''Well, ma'am, have
no objections, providin' you do the same
when wish to 60 out"
The Caledonian. [volume] (St. Johnsbury, Vt.) 1837-1867, 1866-01-26
THE ATLANTIC MONTHLY for February

i1ds ffiS i
English opinion of the American war !;
Two pictures The freedman's story-l :;
The origin Of the Gypsies; Passages from
Hawthorne's note-books-II ; Court-cards;
A landscape painter; Riviera di Ponente );
Doctor Johns-XIII The chimney cor
ner for slS66-II; Griffith Gaunt : or
jealousy Three months among the re-
constructionists Reviews and literary no
tees; Recent American publications.
The Caledonian. [volume] (St. Johnsbury, Vt.) 1837-1867, 1866-01-26

DEATH rIuM lihpEornoElA. - y
Nichcl;> Wyckuff, Il Wei known iaI.- -
OF Queen. county. aged IS wears, de- -
hlS residence in Middle Niliasc. iu 3d..
Town OF Newton, New Imh. r.u.-..-
last, from the effects of lrdrophui,ia VI
Wyckoff received The bite winch jr..
fatal about three months ago. ;ul4 I..-
little attention 10 IL \ ralid g.. &c.. .-
e'i him while lac WAS goin. from li-
10 his residence. and only inflicted =; a.
slight incision. This MAS cautrrizcd
soon ailerwari and healed mp, Mi. --
apparently affecting Mr., Wyckofl-- L....
i.ecently, however, symptoms o. i....n-
Piiobia exhibiel themselves. apd
Anown rlmelieS proved fruiIless. g..
afflicted gentleman died In The mo-1 y
cruciatlng agony The dog which ll'- .-
sd the Fatal bite was shot shortly a4i,r 81.
occurrence.
TAXATION ON DoGS-Au int,r
discussion took place at the snnu.. i.--
ing of the Penn Agricultural Son.
lie 10th INST upon she Taxation 90, w.
1t WAS stated 10y Ole gentleman lhal ID ...
are five hundred ihrusand dogs IA N,.t
and by another that there arr >elcn i...-
bred thousand in PENNSYLVANIA, anu :,''.'.
one million in New York The >c'...
ask Congress 10 impose tax OF I'VE a'
!ars on each doc, which would ei'c 10 '..,
public treasury = revenue from tie ar
States mentioned above OF orcr tour '---
lions of dollars This might be- c,d'a a
protective tariff for the ben,iii q. i!ic va
interest
The Caledonian. [volume] (St. Johnsbury, Vt.) 1837-1867, 1866-01-26
PETITION TO CONGRESS.

To the Sa, and House of Representatives the United States IN C@ss assembled:
, citizens Of the United States earnestly pray
Body.
color the right