New-York daily tribune., 1866-02-17
from Oar Spcc, Corc'polddnt.
KANACAwA January. 1867.


flcr u; son uninielruptcdly Yong a- tho rental IN
paid and hcie where adoption gives al u nearly 'l
tbc rgnts of birth the farmer need never be without
legitimate heir Tie whole empire 10 divided into
few andLoldrcs First aud largest OF al arc the iiDpe
ria domains then those Of the greater o. es'er dn
nio, then tiose of the h0onO'o official ca', whose
service /, always due 10 the reishing Emperor. ana
whose title, ard estates aIe not hereditary hu' de
pendent On the pleasure calr.ce Of tie reisnins
monarch Those mcn gu all the places On the c'i. lsi
owing military service o. vel. and said % number
sixty to eighty thousand soul,
Then there are tie temple eehe inalleaablt grants
TO temple foundations by successive monarchs; he
large estate granted TO faithful follower and those o
the great farmers landhodng squires already named
10 al landlords whoever hc may he the farmer rays
IN KIDD ara ;hc rates vary with the master well -
with The ploduc. Of the soil The ternnt on the Impe
.ll estates are generally regarded the most favored
n,Louch their payment In KIND the rice crop Is said
to amorn, TO ~ pei cent Of the annual yield On the
otjer Land there are dainos like LIN Of Maismu Oh
.be Island ol edo vino stimulates emigration from
Nipory by Offering lands to The landless -or at mo-,
charging them With moderate cyacors. Thus Il was
,l,t on this island in ir6l I what have never
seen elsewhere in Japan. village buits upon be
fo,a unnllhi,ei ste.
PAYMENT 10 Kind has chiefly often Only reference tothe
roc cr.p tbs crop is 70 Japan what corn. wheat aud
other grains un.,edy are to other countries Where
there are rcc lands tie payment o. tbs At fixed rate
usually remit, take. on an other crops though in some
district, there i, small pecuniary compensation for
tl,, remission. la some pfiucipalic- where rice i
sp,selv produced the lord Of tie so. claims The whole
of ib, rice A. ralr Notwithstanding the heavy cN-
notion %. thr landlord Il i. better tor the farmer To
grow ula; rice Dc may .or ce is the one exchanged.
be p,ouo for oayihug else that Japan makes o' pro
ducc.. Where e IS not interest Tie tcrms OF tie lease
make II duty. and no rice lands neglected Though
le crca, burden OF the rent thus appear 20 M 90 the
nee crop. other commodities do moi escapc Tea cot
ton and Xix. whether Jaw or manufactured 30 not
,as, from The estate where they grown Iunipu-
lated without paying moderate tax to the lord o. tie
soil collected established tol.-houscs. 10 With the
manufacture Of sa't ard other articles.
Willie the planted groves Of frees belong to the farm
aud tie farmer. who have nlriuFcd them tie original
forests ~ valuable timber belong 10 The proprietor and
are cold as wanted by his own especial euardins
Likewise the mines belong the imperial lands. io
flc Emperor and ip the princpaltie, 70 each petty
ciie, exercising Jurisdiction
II is the duty of the lord of the soil to establish and
and repair bridge 20 protect lie lands from encroach
lnents of running Vntcrs and to repair the raFago,
made thereby. The traveller about the country vii
occasionally pass farmhouse and ontbnildiues OF
more preteutiou. character whose entrance through
the thick se, living ledge is 10y an imposing ga'eu ay
THESE NAV be the residences OF large and thriving
farmers is more probable OF the factor Of tie EN-
pcror prince or lord whom the particular estate may
belong and whose duty it il to oversee the lands aud TO
gather w the rents Large discretion is given to this
actor who is usually also the aanOosh head Of
'Ie village the local magistrate who sits upon and
decides all ncighborhood quarres and who NAV sum
maiy srrest for oenses against the established order
and deliver hi victim to The district governor or him.
self puuish him lor petty Oncnscs. When seasons are
uupropi;ous and crops fail misfortune bcialls any
household !, is or him to say what deduction and al.
lovance shall be made iu The annual rents So long as
h. rules with fairness and Justice there Is no appeal
from he nagsiracy. lie when chosen rather the
chosen man Of III. neighborhood than that Of hi. lord
Tor their expressed wish is usually followed. IfLc D.
ard and eracting mar there Is appeal 10 the power
above him aud cases are not wanting where Justice
being slow the cntsngod peaantry have risen against
their petty oppressor aud with mild force expelled him
from their midst The lord OF the soil listens patiently
70 his aggricyed tenartry and seldom found unwilling
10 do them substantial justice. On tue ohcr hand the
factor may be simply corrupt, one whose open palm
eyer ready fol that metallic anoning which infecis
lin with = marvellous ibcrality toward The tennnlry
aad rents 60 down as his profits Of place come up 80
long as farmers and factor keep their mutual secret
saic enough
residence Of several year in japan has more and
more impressed me with the conviction that although
10 tie laws regulations and customs imposed by the
tilted class above hiui, that same ruling class have
wholesome respect for his really independent position
aud while they may inGct upon him cercmonious oh
,cryances seldom deny him substantial justice or tram
pie upon Lis equally well established privilege The
Cogernment to-day il a. much Of the patrorcho os the
de spote character whose laws while severe af1 pro.
tcotiTe, seeking guard the Interests Of its subjects
by the preservation OF order and such pubic morality
"a their feeble moral sense recognizes and tie quiet
comfort OF the mass OF the people. Again and again
have stood in their valley hamlets where there wcic
no signs but .hose Of peaceful industry aud coptcni.
each hamlet TO all intent little repnbc by itseli,
knowing little ard caring less for the outside world; TO
whom change Of rners or revolution in the State
/. diAicuit 70 tan from the Japane.e snythn. he an
ton given bein often md ontfsdctofy That thre
s therefore uniform ayst' evident farm rents waving
with their locality aud The masters who control them The
hred ysari ago, aid then adjusted by tie ceU
stances Of ,he time Cesp rents were ud wee he landlord
ncrsase his teanry, end often personal
vices loans rewarded by the holding OF lands
a. nominal cheap rents In fact the have oper
sed hsls upon the rent rolls that operated the ieudt dsy
Of Europe still opo IN al countries 90 greater less
extent OF the tine Tho .enl. when determined w
msitcr o. bargain between matter and tonen and de-
tcended ihro eeieIloni aud whatever that reu,
vs. psyAs,n kind chiefly out o. thc rice crop ct afed
sAuson So that already sed fouy OF hity per ocli Or
Tho whole OF the crop. be sb,'9ed lcc'
IlasA asss; ilAx4'. 'ssss ssya'A