Daily Ohio statesman. [volume] (Columbus, Ohio) 1855-1870, 1866-06-29

upon the same grounds beyond the scope Of
| either to form Government for the peO-
pie Of State once in the Union, or to eX
pei such State from the Union, or to deny,
temporarily or permanently, the rights
which belong to a State and her people
under the Constitution. Congress may
adnitnew States; bat State once admitted
ceases to be within its control, and can new
er again be brought within 1t. What
changes her pc )ple may at any time think
proper to make in her Constitution Is
matter with which neither Congress por
any other department of the General Gov
eminent can interfere, unless such Changes
make the State Government anti-republi-
can, and then it can only be. made. under
the obligation to guarantee that II be re-
publican. Whatever may BE- the extent Of
the power conferred upon Congress fh the
third section, article four Of the Consutu-
tion, TO admit new States, in what man
ner, and to what extent they can. under
that power, interfere in the formation and
charac'erOf the Constitution of such States
preliminary to admission into the Union,
no one has ever pretended that when that
admission is had the State can again be
brought within its influence. The power
is exhausted when once executed, the pow
er forthwith passing ont Of its reach. The
State admitted, like the original thirteen
States, becomes at once aud forever inde-
pendent of Congressional control. A diff
ferent view would change the character of
the Government, as its trainers and cot"m-
pOraries designed and understood 1t to be.
They never intended to make the State
Governments subordinate to the General
Government. Each was to move supreme
in its own orbit; but as each would not
! alone have met the eNigenry of a Govern
ment adequate to all the wants of the peo-
pile, the two, in the language of Mr.. Jefier-
son, constituted ''cO-orIinat, departments
OF one single and integral whole" the one
having the power of legislation and ad-
minstration lin affairs which concerned
their own citizens only" the other, "wllat-
ever concerned foreigners or citizens of
other States" Within their respective
limits each is paramount. Tue Sta'es, as
to all powers not delegated to the General
| Government, are as Independent of that
| Government as the latter in regard to
all powers that are delegated to 1t, is inde-
| pendent of the G 'vernments Of the States.
| The proposition, then, that Congress can,
| by force or otherwise, under the war or in
surrectionary, or any other power, eXpel
a State from the Union or reduce it to a
territorial condition and govern it as such,
is utterly without foundation. The under
the question further. They leave it upon
! the observations submitted, cmSiderng it
| perfectly clear that States, nOtwithstand-
ngoccurring instructions, ,coltihue to be
States of the Union.
Thirdly. If this is so it necessarily f.
lows that the right of States under the
Constitution as originally posse ,sed and en-
| jOyed by them, are still theirs. And these
IthpV rp n N W ppi ,VinT ac fu = a Ia npn1
upon the executive and judiciary depart
ments of the Government By each of these
departments they are recognized as States.
BY the one all officers of the Government
r,quired by law to be appointed III such
States have been appointed and are dis
charging without qu stiOn their respec-
tive functions. BV the other they are, as
States, enjoying the benefit and subjected
to the powers of that department--a fact
conclusive to show that they are, in the
opinion OF the judiciary, as they were at
first, States of the Union, bound by the
| laws of the Union, and entitled to all the
rights incident to that relation. And yet,
so far, they are denied that right which the
Constitution properly esteems as the Sc
cUrity of all the others, that right without
which Government is anything but re-
public-'s, indeed, but tyranny--the right
of having voice in the Legislative de-
partm tnf, whose laws bind them ia person
aud in property. This, it is submitted, Is q
state of things without example in
representative republican Govern
ment; and Congress, as long as
it denies this right, is a mere dcs-
potism. Citizens may be made to submit
| to it by force or dread of force but fr 4ter-
nal spirit and good feeling toward those
who impose it, so important to the peace
and prosperity of the country, are not to
be hOped for, but rather unhappness, dis
! satisfaction, enmity. There is but one
| ground on which such conduct can
find any eXcuse-a rsuppos ID public
necessity, the peril of destruction to
| which the Government would be subjected
if the right was allow d. But for such
asuppositiOn there is not. in the opinion of
the Undersigned, even shadow OF fOunda-
ton. The Representatives of the States in
which there was no insurrection, if the 9TH
ers were represented, would, in the House,
under the present appOrtopment, exceed
the latter by u majority OF seventy-two
votes, and have decided preponderance in
! the Senate. What danger to the Govern
ment, then, can possibly arise from South
ern representation? Are the present Sena-
tors and Repr srntatives fearful of them
selves? Are they apprehensive that they
might be led to che destruction of our in
stitutions by the persuasion or any other
influence of southern members? How dis
paraging to themselves is such an appre-
hensiOn Are they apprehensive that those
who may succeed them from their resp &C.
tive States may be so fatally led astray?
4 How disparaging is that supposition to the
patriotism and wisdom OF their constiIu-
ents! Whatever effect on mere party sue
cess such a repre-, entation may have, we
shall not stop TO inquire. The idea that
the countryis to be kept in turmoil, States
to be reduced to bondage and their rights
under the Constitution denied, and their
citizens degraded, with view to the con-
tinuance in power of a party, cannot for a
moment be entertlined without impu,ing
gross dishonesty of purpose and gross dere-
LECTION of duty to those who may enter
tain it. Nor do we deem it necessary to
refer particularly to the evidence taken by
the COMMITTEES to show that there is moth
ing in the present condition of the people
of the Southern States that warrants on
i that ground Il denial of representation
to them. We content ourselves with
saying chat, in our opinion, the evil
/ dence most to- be relied upon, whether
regarding the character of the wit
nesses or their means of information,
shows that their representatives from the
Southern States would prove perfectly loy-
al. We specially refer for this only TO the
testimony of Lieutenant General Grant.
His loyalty aud his intelligence no one can
doubt. In hisletter to the President of the
18th OF December 1856, after he had recent
ly visited South Carolina, North Carolina
and Georgia, he says: "Both In travelling
- n