, 1866-08-22

is more clever In quoting old calculations.
1lc says the Increase of our population from
five millions In 1900 to thirty -onc millions in
1sGo, ia to be attributed to immigration.
Now, It is admitted that BY far the most pro.
1ihc cause of our Increase Is the Influx OF
foreigners. But It is not the only cause. The
security of livelihood Is prime necessity
to increase In communities. Marriage Ia
affected by the price Of corn; and where
food Is hard to be got there will not be many
children. In America every mau may marry
because his living is sure. And the unex-
nmrled RESOURCES Of the country and the
equality Of chances In getting living, make
the rule particularly favorable to this Repub-
lie. On tho hypothesis Of no Immigration,
Sir Morton puts down the probable popula-
tion of the United States at the present
time, leaving out the slaves, at ten millions
aud half. We cannot say what the exnct
figure would be, and probably It is fmpossl-
Bile to tell, but this is below the truth, be-
cause founded upon rules made in the slow |
growth Of old communities. /
In the author g discussion of tho dlstribu- |
tIon Of population over our two thousand /
millions Of acres, he is very complimentary |
TO Indiana, wondering that 50 young State |
could In one generation conut thousand |
cities and towns, send 1o5, 900 men to the |
war, and yet ralsc G0,000 volunteers In !
twenty -four hours to drive away Morgan in
1868. Indeed, what part Of the book Is not /
statistical argument Is statement Of wonder.
Sir Morton argues that seWn-eighihs Of the
entire population are engaged IN agriculture,
and that VIC arc thus emphatlcally an agEi-
cultural people. To divide community like
the United States into departments Of agri-
culture, commerce md manufacture so as to
put the right number Of men and dollars
under ench head, Is m almost Impossible
task and the Commissioners OF the Census Of
1SG0 were not infalltb!e; but the author
very Loyalty, BHtishly and candidly pushes
frcc-trade view of the classification, SO fnr
US to fix the importance Of our manufactu-
ring Industries and investments at probably
too low figure. That tho Commissioners
Of the Eighth Census committed two impor-
tant errors, whereby their report Of the pa-
ttOnal resources Is rendered unreliable, Is
quite apparent. They rcckoncd many pro.
ducts under both agriculture ind manuEac+
ture, thus talse!y augmenting the aggregate;
and they counted many values two 1r three
timca under the same head, thus dfstostipg
the relative proportion OF INDUSTRIES It may
| be safd that nnOther important error was
| made, though not one Which would render
| the Commissioners report unreliable, nasnc-
II, IN exaggerated extension Of man-
| ufacturins classes. We propose to
discuss these points, MS also the general rc1a-
| tion Of manufacturing mud agricultural in
/ dustries to each other and IL the aggregate;
and we must either dismiss Sir Morton be-
| fore half done with him, and follow out our
depression into details, or sure it for another
paper and more respectfully take leave of our
excellent visitor by tracing his views to
| the end.
Proceeding upon the latter alternative, VIC
will present Il very brief resume Of Sir Nor
toms argument. The astonishing fact that
the yield Of the great staples Of agriculture
on the last and hardest year of tho war sur
passed that ofany previous year, can only be
accounted for by the vast area Of territory,
fertility Of soil, and improvements in
method. That the progress Of the
country mainly depends upon ngricul.
turc ii unquestionahle. Other agricultural
countries arc eclipscd In the European mar
kct because the richest soil is 50 very cheap
anl "lfgh farming" Is fifty years behind
Britain, because labor Is so high. The pro.
digious Increase Of cereal produce in the
West ontstrirpcl the extension Of transport
facilities; hence Inadequate competition,
high frcights, &c. Contrary to the
opinion of the Superintendent Of the census
Of 1880, the West will be able to meet the In
creasing demand upon her agriculture, from
herself, the Eastern and Middle statcs.-anl
and still n,afntain her expectation to Europe
for her agricultural resources are abso
lutf1y. ;ntrhdHstD'e. Europe hcing th'
dearest market. will control th,
prices Of the West and being most distant
will suffer most from freight. liyincs Of mid
d,c.men. &c. It is. therefore. most dcsirab,
to cstablssl, the best nossib&c and mos
numerous f,cilitics for transport to Europc
since thc nroluccr Ms well as the consume
: must lose when the prime yalue Mus tu
,, cost Of trnnsnort exceeds the yn,ue in th
nm rlct If delivery. Giye thc West full nh
frcc orccss IN thr ,norlets of Enronc nm
sh. Mil <rrox- wheat ,t a nroft n,,d in on,r
. t;tt,a ,,ract;co,jy unl;,n;te.1
1hc rcntol Of the Corn 1.ovs In 1916 ray
n,,ctrs to Tho cxnortat,on of rrn,n fro,
: Amcrico Init ccrcals hare hcc5 cynortc
= during more than a hundred years. TIL
i. esrh, Sool .nroi,ucin,. States vcsf or thc lax,
= cou,d viii, casv transnort sunp,v tho n
mont1 far n ccninry. because thsy are mt ~
lcvclored },r n,orc tt,n one,f ,f1sth of rho
so;1 n uos The ,ncrc.sc or tf,c corn -ro,
sun,ipr nonnlntions or The Atlantic Stat,
,rh,, 7;rnr, I'd t1,n tr, mort of the N,cst fro
t,,c 1i;s.;ss;,,nI ona 81 I,,rrencc acrosa 4,
:, oar.irant IL. ro;,roo5 ax.;s a.nnI a. = nost
! nn1e. ,;,,;G,, E,o,, fa,;c;,s1,;o t-o,n sa,.;,
i..r f,oa aar+;o5 - har ,.ns hoan o~no,
a ;nr. T., ,,ss.n n1,or,,,fos ~ sorora, ,.oo,
# T5or,.h ill., nr;r,. of eorn =, Mari Ionc ,rr
r. r,cs ti,c ,nic,1trcn, farmer onitc os mrc1,