davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Litchfield enquirer., 1866-11-29

GUILLoTINE INVESTIGATION. The last meeting of the French Academy of Sciencp was entirely devoted to report drawn up by M. Dubois, on the subject of the guillo- tine. The questions considered were :- Who was the first originator of the guillo- tine :? Does this machine produce instan- taneous death? Does it produce suffering? Does life and sensation exist in the, head when once the head is severed from the bo- dy 7? It is generally supposed that the gull lotine was invented by a French surgeon whose name was Guillotin. This, however, appears to be mistake, inasmuch as the first originator of the idea seems to have been surgeon of the name of Louis It would, ill fact, appear, according to the revelations which have been made by this learned body, that in 1792 Dr. Louis, Sec retary.to the Faculty of Surgery, directed German mechanic of the name of Smith to construct machine, with which he. made experiments on the dead bodies issuing from the hospital at Bicetre. By giving the knife an oblique direction, he accomplished the decapitation of heads with wonderful rapidity. . e,..
 The first time the sentence of death was carried out by means of the guillotine was on the 25th of April, 17O2 The criminal was highwayman. The first execution of political prisoner by this mean took place on the 21st of August of the same year. The scene was enacted by torchlight at ten o'clock at night, and made deep impress sion on the crowd, which assembled in im- mense numbers, and remained, silent spec tators of this novel mode of punishment. From that memorable night the guillotine was kept so constantly at work that in July 1794, the difficulty was to find means for disposing of the corpses of it's victims.
 THE DIFFERENCE OF TIME. The differ ence of time at various points on the sur face of the earth is as follows: When it is twelve o'clock high noon at New York, it is ffty-fve minutes and forty-two seconds af- ter P, .M at London fifty-seven minutes and twenty seconds after P. M. at St. Pe- tersburg seventeen minutes and twenty four seconds after P. M at Jerusalem fif- ty-one minutes and forty four seconds after 6 P. NJ. at Constantinople forty minutes and thirty-two- seconds after 4 P. M. at Ma drid thirty-one minutes and twenty sec- onds after P. M. at Bremen; forty min utes and thirty two seconds after 4 F. M at Dublin; and forty one minutes and twenty four seconds after 6 P. M., at Florence. The difference of time between the extreme east and west points of the United States is three hours and fifty minutes. In the Chi na sea, between Singapore and China it is midnight when it is noon at New York.
Litchfield enquirer., 1866-11-29

The following extract referred to in an editorial last week, was omitted by acci- dent, --5H. ;t-Y F
Litchfield enquirer., 1866-11-29
-gg.G3. ? u.ss.- VOL.-XLII-NO 33..
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Litchfield enquirer., 1866-11-29

ALondon correspondent of the Lnaepen- dent gives the following gossip about we'll known English lady writers :-- ,r..,
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1866-05-08
GER VI ANY.
Gen. Candy,

The China, which arrived at Halifax yesterday,
brings us fuller details Of the new complication
which has arisen between Austria and Prussia, imme-
dately after an agreement providing for mutual dis
armament had been arrived at. While Austria pro-
posed to Prussia a mutual disarmament, and the lat
ter Power declared its consent to the proposal news
reached Vienna which was looked upon as being OF
the most menacing character Troops, it was re-
ported, were being concentrated in large numbers at
Bologna; Garibadi had left Caprcra in order to take
part in campaign against Austria; and there were
even rumors that bands Of volunteers had already H.
yaded yeneta. Under these circumstances tie Aus
trian Government deemed it indispensable, while dis
armng in all other portions of the Empire to keep It's
army Oh the Italian frontier upon the war footing
This decision and the reason for it, at once COM
municated to Prussia and the other Great Powers OF
Europe.
The Prussan Government showed itself highly dis
pleased with this Interpretation put upon the argu'
ment. As far as we can learn from the telegraphic
dispatches it insisted that Austria should reduce Its
entire army to peace footing, no matter whether
Italy was arming or not. With this demand Austria
deemed it impossible to comply, but she offered to
complete her disarmament if France and England
would guarantee the neutrality of Italy. SEMI
official paper of Berlin ntimated that should Austria
attack Italy, Prussia could not consent to see the
Italian army disabled. All this does certainly not
point to a vesy pacific disposition of Prussia.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1866-05-08

The mortuary report for the week ending last Sstur-
day gives list Of All deaths or in about 100 OF tho popa
ton as compared with the previous week The fact that tbs
deaths from dsrrhea diseases have decreased nunbs
of some importance and will give readers notion OF
the work that being done by the Board OF Heath to pre-
vent those classes disease that almost entirely result from
the inhalation of impure air. The whole list Of Nmcsa
deaths smaller believe than week during the organ
lson Of the Bureau OF Records aud Vital Statistics Ihes
no why the battle between hygiene and Ana
diseases should result in totally destroying
these enemies OF life and health Provision Is the aim OF
science and its present state those who know II Ss arc
sh n, poin ont with almost mathematical certainty the vetI
iocaIte, in which typhoid typhus seyers will manest
themselves in epidemic form fsr easier 70 ps..en'
!. ~ snnv The remedy In the Metropolitan Health Dsrcs
this is being rapidly done and partial result may be seen ~
are sti unknown but progress that being made aad
the increased value being placed human NE soea
or late will solve the problem and prove that every iess
rom what Az be termed foul air diseases kind Of suicide
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1866-05-08

recent case in New Orleans seems to settle the
question as to the existence of martial law in Lousi
ana An action brought by one Tweed in the
United States District Court TO recover 800 bales of
cotton from Is. +. Flanders, Government Cotton
Agent, and writ Of sequestration was issued COM
mandng the United States Marshal to take possession
of the cotton pendene lite. But at the request of Mr.
Flanders Gen. Candy resisted the service of this pro-
cess and retained the cotton as captured property be-
longing the United States. Thereupon Gen. Candy
was required by Judge Durell TO show cause why he
should not be punished for contempt in obstructing
the execution of the writ Of sequestraon. The General
was polite enough to go to court and explain matters
but declined to let go the cotton. He considered that
he held it as he did the forts and munitions of war be-
longing to the United States. Judge Durell in these
circumstances declined to hold court over which
martial law supreme. and in giving his decision
says
When first took my sea-! npon this bench the country
engued in the cloud OF civil and the loyal people
engaged IN putting down the great Rebellion Since that
time change has been wrought and il the maxim
inter ges sti applicable bat the contrary the roll
The pretense OF defense OF Maorcn Candy Is naugh hs
has opposed mandate Of this Court aud is guilty OF
tempt aud as has been endeavor throughout judicial
occupation Of this bench to render to tho army and all
serted BY which should be support aud aid in tho
forcemen 81 the laws OF the United States unable TO
fine or nprson Msjorieneral who has at his command
tho bavono OF an army and could resist Judgment Of this
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1866-05-08
GENERAL NEWS.

There wasa fire at Cairo, H., on Monday morning,
which consumed stores and other property valued IN the
aggregate at 100000 which there was insurance OF
$65,OO0. There was, also, yesterday $4,000 hire at
Pittsburgh.
The anniversary meetings yesterday generally wc
attended To-day one of the great days OF tho week OF
Religious gatherings and of the most important
meetings will be held, will be observed on reference TO
the list.
AT the meeting of the Board Of Supervisors yesterday
committee was appointed 70 consider the DIVISION OF the
city into II Assembly districts in pursuance Of the recent
Act of the Legislature The Board adjourned in respect to
the memory of Coroner Collin, deceased
The Board of Aldermen at their meeting yesterday
specially assigned the City Tax Levy for consideration to-
day at o'clock m An order directing the removal OF
certain areas stoops and steps in Nassaus referred
On Sunday April %, the number Of arrests for drunk
enpess By the police Of this city 95 Last Sunday the
number was a. On the Sunday first mentioned there was
no liquor law last Sunday there was such law.
Anton Probst the convicted murderer at Philadelphia,
has confessed having killed the entire Deerng family
also the boy Carey and Miss Dolan The confession
was made to the priest who attends him.
At the Rev Mr. Beechers Church Sunday 81 persons
we're admitted to the communion and at the Rev. MIR.
Tyngs, in Forty secondst., 30 candidates were con-
frmed
James Stephens the Head Center of the Fcnian Broth
erhood is passenger per ship William Penn from llayre
to this port which vessel touched at St. John April 2S
An order has been issued for the release parole Of
the Hon. w. NJ Gwn, heretofore confined In one OF the
Forts below New Orleans.
BY powder mill explosion Enfield, Conn, yesterday
afternoon, four persons were killed their bodies being
shockingly mangled
Secretary McCuoeh and JEFF. Davis reported as
having interview on the occasion of the former being
at Fortress Monroe, a day or two since.
breach in the Erie Canal is reported at point twelve
miles west Of Rochester.
There ll2 cases of cholera in the Lower Bay on
May g. There no deaths since Friday.
three vessels engaged in sealshng had arrived
at Halifax, N. s., May 2, with good fares.
There was rotng the Fashion Course yesterday for
$500. The best time was 2:S.
Gold was strong yesterday and closed at 1884, after sell
inc At 1874 Government Stocks all strong the first
Board and offered sparngy. Sterling Bills quoted
l0gI 1904 for 60 days Commercial l0etdlOt and Francs
5I6ta5i5 Money is abundant at per cent on call.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1866-05-08

It puzzles the public to know whether the Fensn
leaders are acting tragedy in fun, only farce IN
earnest In either case, all friends of the Green lsis
will rejoice that no Irishman has been MORALLY
wounded. Mr.. OMahony's letters proclamstions,
orders and pronunciamentos show that he would %
safe leader to the and of time; and Gen. Sweeny IL
equally boodthrsty aud blOodless Dir. kiiiians er-
petition is a bold illustration of how well Fenlan'
can keep a secret, and Mr.. OMahony's defense "a
another. Of "dint and powder shock" we hear
great DEAL but it is only the noise Of exploding Fe-
MAN "secrets" These things do not prove that
Fenians are wanting in bravery or ardor, but hrst,
that their leaders require common sense and second
that it is folly shooting of at the maddeSt tangent
TO attempt q revolution in Canada with corporars
guard, or to capture Ireland with gunboat' MI
OMahony has done we'll in not having succeeded,
and Corporal Kan might have gone further and
Jared worse Whence follows We think, that the
Fenian Brotherhood being bound to fail where sue'
cess is impossible, is best as moral power. DO tho
Fenians believe in moral power
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1866-05-08

ting the denial of the franchise in the Territories on ac-
count of race or color calling for information from the
Cabinet a, to clerks appointed from the Rebel army &c
directing an inquiry to removing The Department OF
Agriculture; directing an inquiry as to the distribution
of the rewards for the capture OF Je DAVIS anu Others 10
EXEMPT crude petroleum from duty and limiting de-
lat, on the Reconstruction amendment 10 30 minutes for
each speaker bill passed TO regulate Tie holding OF the
,r comics of the Smithsonian report was referred.
resolution dscharging the Joint Committee on Re
construction was laid the table by 20 to -
Mr. stevens introduced joint resolution for an amend
ment 10 the CONSTITUTION allowing tax cotton exported
from the United States which was referred to the Judi
ciarv Committee Various reports, petitions, &e were
nrcsented and the RusseBancroi correspondence was
laid before the House and ordered to be printed. bill
was reported concerning theassay of gold and silver The
House went Committee of the Whole ana considered
Morrill, explained at length. After some debate the House
proceeded to consider the bill by sections and without
taking any vote adjourned
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1866-05-08
TREASON TRIALS.

The n. J. Express says:
Justice Chase declines hold Court Virgins In
military law existing there Hence Jeh Davis
cannot be tried there
WHY thence ," There ID a u. s. District Court
in old Virginia, with Judge who is not at all I'M
willing to try Mr. Davis any other alleged criminal.
But we presume that man must be indicted before
he can be tried in any department Of the U. S. Su-
preme Court.
ChiefJustice Chase, We understand does object to
holding Courts at any place where Martial Law is
still in force. He thinks that dispensing justice
under the paramount rule of Major or Brigadier-
General is not consistent with the character the dig
nifty, of the Court over which he presides.
But if any suppose him averse to presiding over
trials for treason, their presumption is unwauanted.
lie lately held a term of his court at Baltimore,
where several persons are under indictment for
treason. He was perfectly willing to try them, and
the accused. presume. were ready for trial; but
the Government was not: so those cases were put
over, on motion of the District-Attorney.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1866-05-08

The Senate yesterday reconsdered the vote adopt
ing the Trumbu amendment to the Post-Otlice APP
preparation bill. We discover nothing better In
the arguments for reconsideration than political eIpe'
diency and timidity-always weak ground to stand
on and in this instance discredtable as well as fool
i,h Some Of the Senators who voted to reconsider
will yet learn that in such crisis they are called
upon to act in, the only safe policy is courage OF
the consttutonality aud propriey Of Mr.. Trumbul's
amendment we have already expressed our opinion.
The vote to recede II to Is.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1866-05-08

EDUCATION ABROAD.-Among the advertisements
under The head OF Instruction this mornings BE-
found one OF peculiar those parents and guardians
who wish TO give their daughters wards the benefit
European education but who not themselves able 70 9,
abroad Tho aGvertiser-whose name and plia' can ~
learned By application the address sven-s lady Of high
character and wide culture well known TO many OF oar bess
citizens of long experience as teacher aud Tor several year,
resident in Europe The plan Of education and travel aha
has marked out pupils very thorough aud udcious
and those seeking for such opportunity a. ssa
offers the advantages Of foreign training and travel mar
ntrust young people implicitly to her care The sohsms
is novel one but the probability that the number Of app
cations which will be made TO the advertiser VIII uao~
exceed that to which she determined TO lmi. hers'
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1866-05-08

ACADEMY OF MUsIC-IrALrAS OPERA.


Mr.. Grau's italian Opera season commenced last
evening at tho Academy Music under rather unfavorsss
circumstances The attendance not very large and 80
verey crca-in part disposed expec. degree Of
excellence should eqla II not excel all precedent We
regret to say such antcpatcns not realized for
neither soprano approached the high standard which
that public raised and the baritone alone satisfied mode
rate expectation from operac habe The performance Oh
LA Trayiaa was in general very inferior 20 even mod'
rate demand, for highcass Orchestra and chorus
were only oeabe their best and too often faulty IN Gus
extreme as if not well informed o. their duty.
Boschetti WELL and has idea OF stage efeo bu
possesses very slight qualification for priua donna beyooi
that endowment either voice culture execution o. tue
music given her interpret Her best points were mais 10
the duets With ermond and Aedo-in tho last act Sxoof
Anasa disappointed those who hoped for sweet and eec
tive tenofe d graz rarely audible and when heard
in concerted music remarkably well IN tune Ssnor of'
landini afforded in passages with Alfredo IN d. Pre-
yeaza high qualification his really good baritone pleasing
styls aud good method cheering dsconsose smstsurs 10
quest OF a new operate sensation
On Wednesday evening II Troyatore will Introduce to
New York public Madames Noel Guid and Cash Poln With
the we'll known dramatic -Messaniwhen we hope 70
record better results and sccod that unqualified praise wh'a
regard truth compes to deny 10 .he opening perform
aucs OF Mr. Grams Opera Company IN our Academy.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1866-05-08

Court As the conduct Of b Flanders u IS simply ~
aggravstion OF his previous action in this case
And now am unable Garry ont the laws a. Doom
should adjourn this Court until time when tho army sna
have boon removed and be able to mprson aud punh as
Judge is deserving in the premises. ,
The AulOcra Ofthe Rlssas with the lives ana properly OF
his subjects at his command the Sultan of the turkeys win
his oriental vasals much less MajorGeneral OF KePuoe
like this such has been sought 70 De enforced
in this case By the military No such power was found even
with the commanders Of the Roman Legion.
therefore adjourn this Court until next Saturday when
will decide ali pending when will adjourn tn
Court indefinitely until time have power 10 ell
force the laws placed here to expound and execute.
square issue is thus raised upon the question
whether Louisiana shall do without courts or without
Gen CaubV
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1866-05-08

The House yesterday adopted a resolution, offered
by Mr. Julian of Indiana, instructing the Judiciary
Committee TO inquire into the proprety of reporting
a bill to prohibit the denial or abridgement Of the
elective franchise in any of the Territories on account
of race or color motion to lay this on the table
was voted down by % to 90. II such bill should
be reported and become a awand there is no reason
why it should not-the question OF suffrage IN The
future and with reference to the admission Of new
States, would be considerably simplified.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1866-05-08
CmOLERA AT QUARANTINE.
Six New Cases since Friday-Ne Deaths Re.
ported.

The epidemic which came to New.Yovk Bay on the
steamship Virginia although somegha, less virueat thas
when it arrived has not entirely ceased is rsVsge
There was one the 9Th inst named Antos
Miller % years of age and native Of Denmark who hss
been employed As
On Sunday FIVE removed from no virginia
to the hospital ship Falcon viz.
Stephen Emer. aged 36. Lafayette. Ind
James Laughlin aged le. Down, ireland
bartholomew Hanely. aged 81, Sligo ireland
Mary Kennedy. aged -. Mencou. Kilkenny lfelin1
Neil Hanson aged 81. Denmark -
Total. last report ........---.....-. +-.-.-to
New cases
Whole number in hospital May O.. ....-..l2
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1866-05-08

The Republican majority of the Legislature of Con-
necticut will meet this week-probably on Wednesday
evening-to select L. 5. Senator for six years from
the 4th of March next. The Hon. William A. Buck
ingham (the able and excellent Governor for the last
seven years. Gen. o. S. Ferry formerly Representa-
tive in Congress from the Fairfield Distrct,) and the
Hon. Lafayette 5. Foster (the incumbent) are the
rival candidates The result is considered doubtful.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1866-05-08

The new Internal Revenue bill was considered yes
terday in Committee of the Whole, and was explained
By Mr.. Morrill, with clearness, and with such breyity
as is consistent with the importance and multitude
nous detail of the bill. His speech deserves to be
carefully read by everybody who has an interest in
the financial prosperity of the Republic. The chief
provisions of the bill We have heretofore published
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1866-05-08

A dispatch from Halifax states that the steamship
Merlin, at that port yesterday reports that Head
Center James Stephens is on board the ship William
Penn, from Havre for this port. The William Penn
touched at st. Johns on the 2Sth ult., but as she
arrived at this port Friday last and no eruption OF
green flags and unusual connection among our
Fenan fellow citizens have followed in consequence
we conclude the Merlin is Il false prophet.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1866-05-08
Fatal Powder Explesisn NJ Knaeid, Cons
Fsur Lives Lost.
HARTFORD. Conn. Monday. !,

HARTFORD. CONN. MONDAY. May . ~
The serewpress mill of the Hazard Powder Company
AT Enfield exploded at 81 o'clock this afternoon instantly
killing four workmen who in the building named
Edmund Burke John Kesham, William Agnew. and Fat
rick Kaley all except Kaley, leaving large families ina
bodies of the unfortunate men were literally torn 10 aon
Pieces of flesh and bones scattered around for soyea
rods. - ,,;;, ,os ,..r,,
two acres were burned over.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1866-05-08

The total of Government funds on deposit
in the Merchants National Bank of Washington is
now stated at 1861 600 to meet which there about
$40 900 of securities. Net loss, Sj47O0O IT does
not seem likely that the loss will be much reduced,
the assets of the bank being nominal and the stock
holders who are liable to the amount of their stock,
being mostly persons of no means.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1866-05-08

Those opposed to- well as those in favor of, the
new Excise Law requested to read our careful re-
port in another column of its actual influence on the
good order of the town on Sunday as compared with
the usual state of things on that day. The expert
men, at tho outset, is full of promise to everybody
but the rum-sellers and rum-drnkers.