The Ebensburg Alleghanian. [volume] (Ebensburg, Pa.) 1865-1871, 1866-04-05

he Is not mentioned to any part of the
district, upon the order of the President.
ana there hold court "for the purpose of
the more speedy arrest and trial of ner-
sons charged with violation of this act.'
and there the judge aud the officers of the
court must remain, upon the order of tho
President, "for the time therein desiona-
ted"
The ninth section authorizes the Presi.
dent, or such person as he may empower
f0r that purpose, ''to employ such part of
the land and naval forces of the United
States, or of the militia, as shall be neces-
sary to prevent the violation and enforce
the due execution of this act" This
language seems TO imply a permanent
military force, that is to be always at hand.
and whose only business is to be the en-
torcement of this measure over the vast
region where it is intended to operate.
L do not propose to consider the policy
Of this bill. To me, the details of the bill
seem fraught with evil. The white race
and the black race of the South have
hitherto lived together under the relation
OF master and slave-capital owning labor.
Now, suddenly, that relation is changed,
and as to ownership, capital and labor are
divorced. They stand now each master
OF itself In this new relation, one being
necessary to the other, there will be new
adjustment, which both are deeply inter.
ested in making harmonious. Each has
equal power in settling the terms, aud if
lett TO the laws that regulate capital and
labor, it is confidently believed that they
VIII satisfactorily work out the problem.
Capital, 1t Is true, has more intelligence
but labor Is never so ignorant as BOT to
understand It's own interests, not to know
It's own value, and not to see that capital
must pay that value. This bill illustrates
this adjustment. 1t intervenes between
capital and labor, and attempts to settle
questions Of political ecouomy through the
agency of numerous officials, whose inter-
EST 1t viii be to toment discord between
the two races; for as the breach widens.
their employment will continue, and when
1t is CLOSED, their occupation will termi-
late:
In all our history, in all our experience
as people living under Federal and State
law, no such system as that contemplated
by the details of this bill has ever before
been proposed or adopted They estab-
lish for the security of the colored race.
safeguards which go infinitely beyond any
that the General Government has ever
provided for the white race In fact .he
distinction of race and color is, by the
bill, made to operate in favor of the col
ored and against the white race. They
Interfere with the municipal legislation of
the States, with the relations existing
exclusively between a State and its citi-
zens, or between inhabitants of the same
State-an absorption and ASSUMPTION of
power by the General Government which.
If ac1uiesced in, must sap and destroy our
federatlve system of limited powers, and
break down the barriers which preserve
the rights of the States. 1t is another
step, or rather stride, toward centraliza-
hon, and the concentration of all lecisla-
tive powers in the National Government.
The tendency or the bill must be to
resusctate the spirit of rebellion, and to
arrest the progress of those influences
the States the bonds of union and peace.
My lamented predecessor, in his proc
lamatlon of the lst Of January, 1868,
ordered and declared that all persons held
as slaves within certain States and parts
of States therein designated were and
should be free, and, fur
ther, that the Executive Governments of
the United States, including the military
aud naval authorities thereof, would rec
1gnize and maintain the freedom of such
persons. This guarantee has been rem
iered especially obligatory and sacred by
he amendment of the Constitution abol-
shing slavery throughout the United
States. L therefore fully recognize the
obligation to protect and defend that class
# our people, whenever aud wherever it
hall become necessary, and to the full
xtent compatible with the Constitution
II the United States. Entertaining these
entiments, it only remains for me to saw
hat l will cheerfully cooperate with
congress in any measure that may be
necessary for the protection of the civil
lights Of the freedmen, as well as those of
ii other classes of persons throughout
he United States, by Judicial process un-
Ter equal aud impartial laws, in confor-
nifty with the provisions of the Federal
| now return the bill to the Senate,
nd regret that in considering the bills
nd joint resolutio6s-f6rty-two in num-
have been thus far submitted
or my approval, am compelled to with
old my assent from a second measure
hat has received the sanction of both
ouses of Congress.
ANDREW JOHNSON.
WASHINGTON, D. c., March 27, 1866.
ReE- Gen. Nye, in recent speech in
j