The Evansville journal. [volume] (Evansville, Ind.) 1866-1870, 1866-12-05

burden OF taxation and yet be denied
representation. II. would have BEEN
In eonsonance withith express provi-
sions of the Constitution, that each.
State shall have at least one Repre-
Sensitive, and that no State shall !,
without its consent, be deprived, of
equal suffrage in the Senate. syotqmi
* These provisions were intended to
secure to every State, and to the PEG
ple of every State, the rigaat of repre-
/ sent&tion Ia Congress, and so ilnpbrtr
4 ant, vas it deemed NY the trainers ief
4 the Eonstitution, thay sthe equality Of
/ States shall be qnfSS sfEed4n the Sens
L ate, that not eYenroy an9alnendment
bof the -Coastitutihh Z ean.s44any State,
aKiths BUT its consent. be- ldeAied a voice
lin that branchsofs thes National llegisI
Is ItyEas beef. aasss s ned the,exist-
hence of the States was tetIIihated by
Icthe rebel1ious act ,of their ink abitants,
and that the fnsurreetion having been
cEsuppressed, they were theme eforward
4 to be considered merely as conquered
eterritories..sThe Legislative, Execu-
dtive, and Judieial Departments Of the
lGovernment have, however, wish great
Ildistinctaess and Uniform consistency,
frefused to sanction an assumption so
incompatible with the nature of our
republican system, and with the pro-
fessed objects of the war Through
out the recent legislation of Congress,
1.-THE undeMiable fact makes itself ap-
parent, that these ten political com
j munities are nothing less than States
of this Union. dqssoT gaigaG g
i At the very commencement of the
rebellion, each House declared, with
a. unanimity as remarkable as it was
significant, that the war was 'notwaged
aupon our part in any spirit Of oppres
sion, nor for any purpose of conquest
or subjugatlOR, nor for the purpose of
,overthrowing or interfering with the
rights. or established institutions of
of those States, but to defend and
maintain the supremacy of the Consti-
tuition. and all laws madeinn pursuance
thereof; and to preserve the Union,
with all the dignity, equality. Sand
rights of the several States pnimpair-
ed; that as soon as these objects were
accomplished, the war ought to
cease. W.. In some instances, Senators
were permitted to continue their leg
.islatiEe functions, wilhelm other in
STANCES Represen tatiyes were elected
and admitted to seats after 99their
States had formally declared o9their
! right to withdraw. from the Union,
and were endeaToriHg to maintain
that right by force Of arms. All of
pthe States<whose people were in in
surrection as States, were included in
the apportienment ofstheFlirpct tax of
twenty millions of dollars annually,
laid upon the United States by the
act approved. August 5. 1861. Com
gress BY the act Of March 4, 1862, and
by the apportionment of representa-
ton Rthereqpderss alsoe sTscognized
their presence as States in the Union.
and they have, for judicial purposes,
been divided into disTiets1 as States
alone can be divided. Tie samer ecog- |
milton appears in the recent legisla-
ton In reference to Tennessee, which !
evidently rests upon the fact that
the functions of the State were not
IGesH9y@b he1kbel&6hOhht merely
suspended and that principle as Iof |
course applicable to those States
DMhieh, like Tennessee, ATTEMPTED to
ETenounce- their places in the Union. |
Thefaetd9n Iofr tthe-oH4ecntiT9 Depart
subject has been eddally definite aud \
uniform, and the purpose 6fylthe war
was. specifically Stated, inesthe pro
enc the 922dI day of liSepteaiBet, 1862.
It was then -solemnly proclaimed 5and
declared that, " hereafter as hereto
fore. the war will, be prosecuted for
The. object Of practically restorinethe I
constitutional relation between the
ssatsJ and iY1 9hd II pe6pSi5p q aher Sef
in which States that relation Isl or
may be, suspended or disturbed
The recognition of the States by the
Judicial Department of the Govern
ment has also been clear and conclu-
sive id all proceedings affecting them
as States had In the Supreme, Circuit,
and District Courts. W. ~ ~
REPRESENTATION OF THE REyoLFED
sy5fo = STATES. ,.a.,e,.,., y
In the admission of Senators and
Representatives from any and all of
the. States, there can beno just ground
of apprehension that persons who are
disloyaI will be clothedWith the powers
of legislation, for this could not hap
pen when the Constitution and the
laws are enforced by vigilant and
faithful Congress. Each House is
made the "jndge of the elections, re-
turns, and qualifications of its own
members, " and may, " with the con-
currence of two-thirds, expel men,
ber.' When a Senator or Represen-
tative presents his certificate of cleo
ton, he may at once be admitted or
rejected; or, should there be any
question as to his eligibility his Gre
dentials may be referred for investiI
cation to the appropriate committee
If Ii admitted to a seat, it must be upon