The Portland daily press. [volume] (Portland, Me.) 1862-1921, 1866-06-28
Miscellany.
Of the Contending Powers in Eu-
-PRUSSI.

The area of Prussia is at present 1OS.212
English square miles, or about equal to the
combined territory OF Georgia and Florida
The population, according to the censris of
1864, was 19,3O4,S 43, falling but little below
that OF the Northern States of the Union
The great majority OF the population are Ger
mans Gne total number Of persons belonging
10 non-German natlonalities being 2,5O4,l79
A considerable portion of the latter are feeble
remnants of small tribes, which are rapidIv
being absorbed by the German nationality
Wlahln the last few years the Cove nment of
Prussia made several important additions to
tne former COMMONS, acquiring first the two
Municipalities OF Hohenzoliern, next the impor-
tant seacoast district of Yahde, which it bur-
chased from Oldenburg, and more recently by
the Duchy of Lauenburg which was ceded to
1t by Austria for a pecuniary consideration
1t holds, moreover, possession of Schleswig,
and avows its intention to permanently an
mex to Prussia both this duchy and that of
Holstein. In point OF administration, Prussia
Is not inferior to any other country of the
world. Its finances, unlike those OF Austria
and Italy, are In a sound condition; its army
discipline has long been the admiration OF the
civilized world. The army, on war footing,
numbers 100000, and its feet consisted, in
ie65, OF " steamers, sailing vessels, 40 row.
ing vessels; total, IS war VESSELS. The reign
S 1AS 70 w l.nain l., porn III laSi, VINO sue
ceeded his brother Frederic William w., in
January, 1851.
II.-AUsTRIA.
The Austrian Empi1e. as at present const;.
tuted. is divided into nineteen provinces the
area of which is 236.311 English sanare 1n;Ias
with total Foundation. ACCORDING to comnn'
tation, of 36. los GOO souls. This nonnlstiop ;s
divided. with respect to race AMI Ianonaoe in
tono fewer than twelve different nationa ;iias
namely: -'-'-'
Germans. q ON ooo nr,oor;o,s o, ooo
Bohemians, ] Magyars. $780,. .5o5O'OOO
Moravians, s. 100000 rtahans Inclusive
S Sogaa o ooo nm Of Lstins q
Russians 2SS00SO Fastarn oran: 9oo ooO
slavenians 49, j, 10000 Members Of other
Croats. l,36O,OOO ,4so, 600
austria IS one OF the great military powers
OF Europe, her army on the war footing being
over halt million OF men. The navy, how
ever, IS comparatively small, consisting in Au-
gust, 1854, OF w steamers with 639 guns, and
1,lSO horsepower, and ~ sailing vessels with
40 guns. Great EFFORTS have been made with
IN the last lew years to raise the Imperial
navy to state OF high efficiency by the SUBJ
stitution OF steam for sailing vessels, and the
gradual formation OF an iron-clad fleet OF war.
austria has become a constitutional monar-
chy since 1916, the main features of the con-
stltutlon consisting, first, OF rhe Provincial
Diets, representing the various States of the
monarchy secondly, Central Diet, or Coun-
Gil OF the empire and thirdly, reduced form
the latter, or partial Council of the Empire, as
it IS called. The public debt OF the empire.
which at the commencement of the French
revolution in 1883 was STA SOC, 900, had grown
In 1868 TO Sl,zlO,2z2,OS5. From 1889 to the
present time there has not been single year
IN which the revenue OF the State has come
up to the expenditure. The present Emperor,
Joseph L., was born August, 1880, and was
proclaimed Emperor and King in consequence,
OF the abdication of his uncle, Ferdinand l.,
and the remuneration OF his father, Francis
Charles, December 2, 1913. He was Comman-
der-in-Chief of the Austrian army in the Ital-
ian campaign OF 1859.
III. ITALY.
The Kingdom of Italy has an area of 9S,-
7S4 English square miles, with population,
according to the last census, taken in the
epins " i0 ooa ~ 1i,Vo,alo sous, Delng on
fionre 5irher than that ~ E.a,,o1a aod m'
many. but lower than that of EnglonJ Tbero
has been in some of the Prov;ncss . rariJ s.,
crease Of wealth and nonulat;on IF 10 ~ 80 -,
hnt the increase of waaIth hos 49,. J~aaS
more rand within the last centnrn th. nn4 .ia
increase of population. THE oreat mass Of the
neople are devoted to aoricnltnr.l n,,,s,,tS
and the Town nonuIation 10 oo,,onaroti,,o,,
small II has seafar;n@ non,,ot;oIe 20 S ICY
G82 individuals. nearly al Of whom are ,;oS,o
r., the maritime conscrintion Tha - ,,;, nao4e
Organization of the KINGDOM ;s haeed ~, oo,,
scrption. and the STANDING armv cons;S+s Sol ~
more than 21()OOO mon On q neace faot;,,o.
anil more that 4OOOO0 on q war establ;s b,,,a,s3'
The navy of the KINGDOM cons;stod i, 1oe.
of 9S steamers of On 7S0 borSe-nomor LII .
1850 Guns. ard II sailing vessels with TO ouns
alfoSether. liz men of war with . 400 1919 49,.
Itally has pubc debt of nearly e,obt1 h, 49,
,sred millions of dollars The nynanS;tnra !,
largely in excess of the animal revenue IT,
refining SOVEREIGN. Victor Emanuel vas
born March Ia. 1920. and is the eLIeet son or
King Charles Albert of Sardinia and A,ob-
duchess Theresa of Austria Hesnoooodo.I -
the throne on the abdicatiop of his Gather
March %, IS49, and was proclaimed Ring ~
ltaiy by vote of the Italian Parliament March,
II, 1861.
u-rpr orp,,Ar ,o,r,,,r,
ooNf A'hAA lion.
:. i ,ne. uerilan Sonledefauon was organized,
III 1919, upon tne runs OF tne German En-
pre- Whicn had Deen olssolveu In lSO6. The
opJectoI tne Conieueracy, according to the
MS nrst artcie Q. the Federal constitution, is
the preservation OF Inc internal and external
security OF Germany, and the independence
andlnVloiaDlilty OF tne various German States"
Inc organ anu representative OF the Conted-
eiauon Is Inc feGerai Diet, consisting of
flenlpotentlarles OF tne several German
states, ana permanently located in the free
city OF FRANKFORT. Inc admins trative Gov
ernment OF tne federa1 Diet is constituted
n Two lorlns: Isl As General assembly or
fseH0nt, IN wnlcn every MEMBER OF the Con
ieueratioii nas at ieast one Vote' ana the larger
States nave Two, three OF four votes each; and
second, the MINOR Council OF Committee of
confederation, IN whicn the eleven largest
states cast one vote eacn, White SIX votes are
gwen to the smaller States, number OF them
combined having a JOINT vote. The presiden-
cyl permanently vested IN Austria The
General Assembly decides on war and peace,
on the admission OF new members, on any
changes in the fundamental laws or organic
institutions; but in all other cases the Minor
Council is competent to act both as legislative
and executive.
At the time OF its establishment the Con-
federacy embraced ~ members, but of these
fOIlr fSoXQ-(r0fhQ lf-RQ tnh o1t