davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The weekly clarion. [volume] (Jackson, Miss.) 1863-1882, 1866-12-13
OFFICIAL.
LAWS or THE UNITED STATES,


CHAT. LXv-AN ACT to issue American
Registers 10 the stoam-Yessels A" Miehi.
gan. 4" Dispatch, land " William X Muir
and for other Purposes.
BE II enacted by me Senate and Hopss NJ Rep
fosenfaHfos NJ fhc Tuifed Sfaiei NJ dmcrioa IN
C0Hgre aasaabtd. That the Secretary Of the
Treasury s hereby directed 10 issue Ameii-
can registers 30 the Canadiau-built steamers
Michigan" and Dispatch aud The Amrri-
rai.bHilt steamer a William Il huir" of the
collection district Of Driroit aud American
registers, or enrolment sud license. to the
following named vessels. that is 10 say, 10
the Jenny Lind Of Who'll Island, Of Oswe.
90 New York. tho sohO0uefs "COqnetie Of
Oakvile, Trenton Of Trenton. d" Forest
Queen. Two Brothers Of Wnllacebufg, "
Minettn Of Gananogne. and Elizabeth
Of OaWogo New York. the batquo 81
Elizabeth" Of Proylncot0wn, Massachusetts,
the bafqurs Advance" and Acorn, and
schooner Asia, Of Chicago. Illinois The
bargea Harvest A" " Ajax, " aud Matilda
Of Chicago Illinois, The steamer Prince
Albert, Of Georgetown, District Of Cnlnm
bin, the brig Maitland. propeller Mag
ara and steamboat Canadian. Of Bniia-
10. New York; ~. schooner 4. +. Ryorsr,
of Cleveland Ohio, the schooner Eureka,
Of Marguerite, Ohioi The brignutiuH city Of
Toronto. Of Etic, IcnnsylyHuia' md tho
schoouctrl Wayertfcc. OF Cleveland,
Ohioi and American registers ~ enrolment
and license, ~ the following named vessels.
that Is to say, the ship scfclucr,' Of
BruuHWick Maine the hlrgo MARY" Of
DrtruiG thancumiug Sampson. Of De.
tfoit, aud the seho0uerB " Caledonia, and
f." Enterprise, of Detroit. aud the Anglo
Saxon. Canadinu.hult ycsscl
ArrHoYEp, April -. 1866
The weekly clarion. [volume] (Jackson, Miss.) 1863-1882, 1866-12-13

the Ike fegfdi ll0n 4 " same may be- ex.
changed ~ suitable sums for auy lawful
currency Of the United States, and the e1.
penBc8 Incident 70 such exchange, distfibu.
tion. aud transmission may be paid out Of
the prohis II said coinage; aud the net prof
Us Of said c0inags, a. ascettained IN the
manner prescribed Ia the second section Of
the act entitled An act relating to foreign
coins and the coinage Of cents AZ the mint Of
the United statea, approved February
twenty fret, eighteen hundred and ffty-ssv.
en-, shall be- Transferred 10 the treasury Of
the United States Pr0rided. That from and
after the passage Of this act no issues Of
fractional notes " the United States shall
bc Of a less denomination than ten cents
and OIL such issue ~ that time outstanding
alull. when paid into the treasury o. any
designated depository Of the United States,
or redeemed Or exchanged rs now provided
By Law, Boz retained and cancelled.
SIC. 4. ind be II FURTHER clacied, That,
n any person or persons not lawfully author
lied shall knowingly make issue, or pass, or
cause 10 be made, issued, or passed, on aid
in ihc making issuing, on passing Of any
coin, card token, OF device whatsoever IN
inoial ~ its compound, Intended to pass or
% be passed o. moay for the coin autholiz
ed by this act or lopcoin Of equal value such
person or persons shall be deemed guilty ola
misdemeanor, and shidl on conviction there
of be- punished By fine not exceeding one
thousand dollars ard 10y imprisonment for
o term not exceeding live years, at the dis
erection of the court
sro. .. 1ad BEN .Eo.thr caacfed, That IL
shall he lawful for The treasurer and the
several nssissant troasurers Of the United
states 10 redeem IN national currency, under
such rules and regulations ~ may be pre-
scriIod by the Secretary ofthe Treasury, the
coin herein authorized to be issued when
presented IN sums OF not less than one hun
drcd dollars
The weekly clarion. [volume] (Jackson, Miss.) 1863-1882, 1866-12-13
TRUsTEE'S SALE.

pN virtue Of a Decd Of Trust. dotted the st
~ DAY Of May, 1875, made by John J. Morris
TO NJ. f. Thomas. 10 secure the payment of 4
certain note therein described. to William H.
Allen, which saii deed is duly Of record ON
pages L and II, Of book "a, of the record Of
deeds in the office Of the clerk Of the Circuit
Court Of Kinds county, in the state Of Missfs-
sippi and also by virtue OF another deed Of
trust. matc by the said Morris, dated the 18th
day Of September. 1850. and duly recorded on
pages -. 80 and $50, Of book -. Of the record
Of deeds i'm the office aforesaid. in which it was
rccitcd that there remained due on the note
above recited, certain sum therein stated and
thrt further note had been given which was
10 be secured by the deed iirst before stated,
and also that the said original trustee. Thomas
had then departed this life. and by which last
stated deed il was specially provided that the
undersigned. George A. Smvthe should he and
Wa> appointed and constituted trustee. IN the
room and stead Of the >aid Thomas. deceases
with The same rights and powers of execution
anil sale which were vested in said Thomas bs
said deed which j. first above described. the
said substituted trustee. On the application of
said Allen. snail within the usual hours q
sale. GA saturday the 18th day OF January.
1867. ia front OF the state House i'm the eitv az
Jack -on. in laid county and State. expose for
sale & the highest bidder at auction. for cash,
the following described parcels Of land situs-
ted In the county and state Aforesaid. viz: The
81 4 VIZ d : Z = and twenty 90 acres Il
81 tht W. soc 81 E5i ~ , r a tplh "a SC
ton - and the " ! a y L =. und : \ a Z
y Of y " =. both in seciicn =. ard \ said
lands IN town.hipa >. range !. west and toeether
containing one hundred and eighty ISL acres
more or liss. biing the same lands convened
by said fret described deed Of trust. ana sshieh
arr. Nv ssii last retitol 4 ell. also subjected t.
ihe faftAer titit flef4if stiis.ii. Of - rn51rfl
Thereof a. Inay b. ueae~sary 70 nett the sums.
that 90 tie tim q such ssI.e- nav remain sIfss
ani unpsid- on both % sid debit. to said VII
liam u. Allen.
Acting a. sueh trustee I shah only convey
such title - is We. ed in me, which l. however
believed TO Be god.
GE0. A. SNTTHE.
DEC dliSWtds Trustee.
The weekly clarion. [volume] (Jackson, Miss.) 1863-1882, 1866-12-13

The magic OF success gaIy4nizc. rebels Into
patriots. speculation into enterprise, and i'm.
pudcnec into genius, and under H. magical TIT
durnce vice IL mistaken Tor virtue, and lgno-
rance sometimes passes for knowledge. offered
ass stock text, from which would like 20 hear
sermons from oil the pulplts IN the country,
thus--"Do not drink, do not smoke, do not
murder, DO not he, do not cheat, do not steal,
do not gamble, be Just, be generous, fear not,
love your fellow men as wei ~ God, love
truth, love virtue, use Iiobsfk's Bticr aud hc
happy.
The weekly clarion. [volume] (Jackson, Miss.) 1863-1882, 1866-12-13
CHAP. LXXnT-AN ACT concerning the
Boundaries 81 the state OF Nevada

BuudHIos 81 thn state 81 Ntfhdh
RrH enasLdby ho Senate anil Honsc NJ Req
rfstatdfifcs NJ The tHihd hfatcs NJ Amcriod iu
CaHgrr4s amfmblrd That, ~ provided for
aud consented 70 in the coust tuition of the
State OF nevada, alI that territory aud tract
Of hand ndiuing the present eastern boundary
of the State of Nevada, aud lying between
the tlitty-~cycuh and tho fortystcUiid de-
gree of 10 gitudc WRIST Of Washington, ia
hereby addcd TO and made o part Of the
State of Nevada
src. . Ind b. II GGihn caacieG. That
there Is hereby added 10 nu made part Of
the tate OF Nevada all that extent of tor
rtofy living within the following buunda-
sira, IT, wit; Commencing on the thirty
seventh degree of north latitude, nt the
tbrtY-scvth degree Of longitude west from
Washington; and running thence south ON
said degree oflougitudc to the middle ot fine
of the river Colorado Of the West, thence
down themiddlc of said river 10 the onstorn
boundary of the State OF CALIFORNIA; thence
northwcstcrly along said boundary of Cali
foruia 10 the thfty~cventh degree Of north
latitude; Aud thence east along said de-
gree of latitude to tho point of beginning;
Pf0ri4fd That the territory 'Wnntoupd in
This section shall act heeome part OF the
state of Nevada until said State shall
through It's legislature, consent thcrctoi
Md prorId,d further, That all posscssory
rights aceqnrrd hy citileus OF the United
States mining claims discovered located
and originally recorded IN compliance with
the sUius aud regulations adopted Wy miners
ia the Pal.RanaRat aud other mining dis
licts ia the Territory incorporated by tho
provisions of this act into tho state of Me-
yada shall remain ms valid subsistng mining
claims but nothing htfou contained shall
b. SO construed rs granting q titie ~ fsr :"
any mineral lands held by posscssory titles IN
the mining STATES and Territories.
AFrHoNEC, May = 1866
The weekly clarion. [volume] (Jackson, Miss.) 1863-1882, 1866-12-13

money required for the service Of the Post
Office Department for theensuing fiscal year;
which estimate shall be- reported 20 COngress
VITA the printed estimates appropriations
required by tue Joint resolution of the sew.
enth Of January, eighteen hundred aud for
ty-slx.
SIC. 5. Ind be Il further enacted, That
the balance Of the appropriation ofOne hun
dred thousand dollars under the thirteenth
section Of an act 40 establish postal mon
ey order SYSTEM" approved May seven
tesuth, eighteen hundred and sixty-fOur,
which may remain unexpeDded az the close
VI the curreut fiscal year, may be used as far
as necessary 20 supply deficiencies In the
proceeds Of the money order system during
the fiscal year commencing July iirst, eigh-
teen hundred and siyty-siA
SIC g. Ind be- II further enacted, That all
advertising, notices, and, proposals for con-
tracts fOr the Post Office Department, aud
all advertising, notices, and proposals for
contracts fer all the Executive Departments
Of the Government, required by law To be
published in the city OF Washington, shall
hereafter be advertised by publication in the
two daily newspapers ia the city of Wash
iugt0n having the largest circulation, and IN
40 others PJOtidcd, That the charges iOI
such publications shall not be higher than
Hhfll as are phiu ny lhdlNluuaiH TOT huNtIll@~
ing IN said papers dHd pr0rided disO, That
the same publications shall be made in each
Of said papers equally as to frequency, and
that the circulation Of such papers shall be
determined upon the tenth day of June
annuallyi aud the publishers Of all papers
competing for such advertising shall furnish
a sworn statement of their bona iidc paid
circulation Of each regular issue for the pre-
cedng three months; and shall IN like man
ner certify under oath that such circulation
has not during the said three months, been
increased by any gratutious circulation, by
reduction in price below the ordinary and
usual price Of such papers or by any other
ueans for the purpose of obtaining the
official advertising: Proridcd That the
charge for such advertising shall not be
greater than is paid for the same puhlica.
tons in other cities, or at higher rate than
is paid by individuals for like advertising
APPROVED, May IL, 1896.
The weekly clarion. [volume] (Jackson, Miss.) 1863-1882, 1866-12-13
APPROVED, May IS, 1866.

CHAP. LXXXIlI.-AN ACT to change the
Illrre ofhoding the Courts of the United
States for the northern District of Mis5is-
sippi,
BE- II eaacl,d by The Senate and House Of Rep
rss,uiatircs Of he iHjitd States Of 1moica in
Compress dss,mblci That the district courts
of the United States fol the northern district
of Mississippi, now required to he held at
the town Of Poutotoc, shall hereafter be held
at the town Of OSford In said State
APPROVED, May is, 1866.
The weekly clarion. [volume] (Jackson, Miss.) 1863-1882, 1866-12-13

TRE VIRGINIA MILITARY lNsrfrrrE-ib
DCgd 1t has been resolved by the Society of
Alumni of the Virginia Military Institute
that memorial chapel shah be erected,
in the centre of which shall I've marble
statue of Stouewall Jackson, aud on the
walls tablets concentrating those scholars
OF the Institute who tell in the war Just
closed Hnsts of General Rhodes aud Gar
land aud Coloucl Crutohhcld will also be
placed IN It. Among the agents appointed
90 procure subscriptions 10 carry out the OBJ
jecis mentioned is Major PhillipB Standard,
of this city, who served 20 calamity during
the war MS a major of artillery. Richmond
Despatch
The weekly clarion. [volume] (Jackson, Miss.) 1863-1882, 1866-12-13
CHAP. I.NNN-AN ACT to extend the
Jurisdiction af the Court ofClains

FHtArtttN tiHN fA iitt 'NHtA NA = laill''~s
Rru esaalel bg De ,sF8ie esd H1asf 81 Rep
ressgfaarcs 81 flr tFifaf stats 81 ts.IioI BE-
CoHfrfss ass.la.l.7. That tho Count of claims
shall have jurisdiction 60 hear and deter
mine The claim Of any Paymastcr quarter
master. Cemwis>1ry u. suO.isf ailcc, or other
dishur-lug oficsr oftho tuitcd states. or ct
his administrators or tNtcutrrs. Tor relief
fram responsibility on account Il losses hy
capture 1T otherwise appropriated, while in
fhe line % his DUTY. vi government funds.
s,sssshers. reeHFls. and papers in his ciarea.
and for " hich snch officer was aud b. held
resunu iitles fFHrlafli. That an iTell NAV
h. taAcn 10 ihe supreme Court. o. iu other
gazfz.
So. 2 iH5 D. q frfir n-aaf.d. That
whenever said court shall have ascrrtainrl
the facts of any snch Jess o. have been with
out CAN'T " neglect on the part ofauy such
The weekly clarion. [volume] (Jackson, Miss.) 1863-1882, 1866-12-13

what olu citizen u the South has not heard
Of the venerable Dr. Samuel Gllbortf lie has
consented st lat to place his Preparations In
popular form. and his General Alternative
and letter Ointment can now be obtained IN
this city. See advertisement
The weekly clarion. [volume] (Jackson, Miss.) 1863-1882, 1866-12-13

Edward O. Eaton, a popular music
composer, died yesterday, in Mem
phis, Of typhoid pneumonia lie was
well known here, and in Nicksburg,
and in New Orleans
The weekly clarion. [volume] (Jackson, Miss.) 1863-1882, 1866-12-13
ArrnoyEp, May lG, 1860. -
CHAP. LXXXII.-AN ACT imposing Duty
on live Animals

on I've AnlmuIs.
n II euacicd by HE Senate aud House of Rep
yr4oafaiires NJ he UHiiea States 0f dm0ioa IN
CoAgrc-g asscmbied, That on aud after the
passage Of this act, there shall be levied,
collected, and paid on all horses, mules, cat
tie, sheep, hogs, and other live animals I'M
ported from foreign countries d duty Of
twenty per crulum adj yalorem II0rded
Tint any such animals now bona iidc owned
by resident citizens Of the United. States. and
now in any OF the provinces OF British Amer
lea, may be imported into into the. United
states free of duty until the expiration
Of ten days next after the passage of this
act
APPROVED, May rs, 1856
The weekly clarion. [volume] (Jackson, Miss.) 1863-1882, 1866-12-13

CHAP. LXXYI--AN ACT charging the
Powers Of tie Loyy Court Of the County
II Washington, IN the District Of Colnm.
bia
lie u cnaoiod by ne Senate and HoHse Of Rep.
re1oafafire5 Of he United bidies Of dmerioa Ia
COa0y,gs assembied. That the levy court Of
the county " Washington, IN the District
of Columbia. i8 hereby empowered ~ declare
and locate as public highways such roads
known aud used co. military roads Ia said
district. during the rebellion as said court
may deem advisable. Pr0dd,d, That the
dauiago8 which the OHncia " The land over
which said roads pass shall sustain by rea-
son Of said roads being declared public
highways shall be- assessed as provided for
10 section three OF the act Of Congress mp
proved Jnly first, eighteen hundred and
twelve, entitled An net comforting certain
powers nu the levy c0nrt i0r tho county Of
Washington, iu the DHifct oi Columbia.
APPROVED, May ., 1865.
The weekly clarion. [volume] (Jackson, Miss.) 1863-1882, 1866-12-13

Capt Dan Able. and Col W. W.
Coleman. Of Memphis, refused seats
in the Tennessee Legislature on ac-
count OF alleged infOrmality in cleo
ton, have been re elected by fatter-
ing majority.
The weekly clarion. [volume] (Jackson, Miss.) 1863-1882, 1866-12-13

Good humor l. the clear blue sky II the
.oni. on which every star o. talent VII shine
more clearly, aud the sun Of genins enooun-
fers no yspors in his passage
The weekly clarion. [volume] (Jackson, Miss.) 1863-1882, 1866-12-13
THE WEEKLY CLARION.

Thd Eureka Hair Rostorer is the greatest
wonder Of modern times II is infallible.
For sale at all the drug stores In this city.
The weekly clarion. [volume] (Jackson, Miss.) 1863-1882, 1866-12-13

&. Good men have the fewest fears lie has
but one who fears to do wrong. He has
thousand who has overcome the one.
The weekly clarion. [volume] (Jackson, Miss.) 1863-1882, 1866-12-13

Were We as eioqneHi as angels, Sc; we
should please some men. some women. and
some children. more by listening than iy
talking.
The weekly clarion. [volume] (Jackson, Miss.) 1863-1882, 1866-12-13

officer. II shall make decree, settling forth
the amount Thereof. npon which the proper
accounting officers Of the treasury shall al.
low 10 such oflicerthe amount 10 decrecd a.
% credit in the settlement Of his accounts
APPROVED, Nay ., 1900
The weekly clarion. [volume] (Jackson, Miss.) 1863-1882, 1866-12-13
CHAP. LXXXIV-AN ACT to amend q" Al

CHAP. LXXXIV--AN ACT to amend An
Act to establish the Grade of Nice-Admiral
in the United States Navy,
BE II enacted By the Seaaie anil HoHscQ Of Rep
itscntdtres Of Tie United States Of Ame'iea in
C1Hgrtsg agsemblcd, That the second section
Of an act to establish the grade ofyice.admi-
raj in the United States navy approved
December tweuly.Grst eighteen hundred
and sixty-lour, be and the same IS hereby,
amended by adi@. nherep the following;
Aud he SHIN De Aed q Secretary, with
the rank and keh aud allowances of i
Lieutenant in t',CX Nv.
Aprnovrn, N ls6G
The weekly clarion. [volume] (Jackson, Miss.) 1863-1882, 1866-12-13

'ariug General Shcrmaus stay at the
SCan Consulate, IN Havana the roous
Nwded with all scots OF individuals
/sccng o large map of Cuba, he
IA on chair, sans cffem0Hie, looking
1fertnip points on the chart, which
caused some of the tubans 10 exchange
very significant looks, and others to wills.
per that the General was trying So disroy-
or certain points eligible for descent upon
Cnba. II turned out. however that the
General was studying the beat route 10 Ma
tlnKns.
The weekly clarion. [volume] (Jackson, Miss.) 1863-1882, 1866-12-13
COMPLIMENTARY We Gnd the fol.

COMPLIMENTARY We fud the fol
lowing wcll.dcserved notice Of worthy
Jaclsonian in the Galveston Ncwsi
I'm 7. T. DANfGL-We take pleasurt IN
stating that Dr. r T. Daniel late Medical
Inspector of Gen. lIardee's division and T.
surgeon OF considerable rcpnte, in the old
States, has located in our city, in the prac.
tcc Of his profession
W. congratulate the citizens Of Galveston
upon this accession 10 their professional
ranks, aud from what those who know him
well say, recommend himi ns n scientific,
Nlilllul aud honest practitioner
The weekly clarion. [volume] (Jackson, Miss.) 1863-1882, 1866-12-13

'FAs1 LlyING,--Spealdug the death of
ihc late Simeon Draper from paralysis
Now York correspondent says
Paralysis, soltenng of the nain, loss of the
nse Of the lower limbs, aud apoplcXy, now
80 common among the prominent aud active
men Of This city, show he peril ni our style
Of living constant business and social CN.
citrncnt and the unhealthy modes OF
living among us. There is probably not
another city on the continent whore men
grow old "a hist Men scarcely iLifiV years
of age bear the marks OF SIXTY New York
congregation of men Is peculiar for the
great number Of middle-agrd persons who
bnvG bald spots on their heads man can
wear out his nerves, exhaust his strength
and produce premature decay, as easily as II
spendthriit can sgunnder his fortune, A for
tune is easily made IN this city, but If made
on the higllpressnre principle, man pays
Die health or his life for it,
The weekly clarion. [volume] (Jackson, Miss.) 1863-1882, 1866-12-13

TEXAN RrCoRDs RECpyrHEp-lhe au-
thuritios of Cameron county, IeNus, after
long pull. have succeeded ia obtaining the
county Records which were takon 70 Mat
amoIas by the clerk, Nh lleurH Kahn, at
the Conclusion of the war Mi Kahn had
held hose records from and after the sur
rcndcr aud only gave them when com
PEELED TO do 80 10y the authorities of Mat
anorus so state. the Brownsville Ranchefo
The New era. [volume] (Martinsburg, W. Va.) 1865-1871, 1866-03-22
From the Constitutional Union.
The Dead Duck--1 PurOdu.

Not drum was heard. not funeral note,
As his corse to the barn. yard we hurried,
Not soldier discharged farewell shot
Ger the grave where poor duelSy was buried.
We buried him darkly, at dead of night,
The sods with the barn shovel turning,
By the struggling moon beam misty light,
And the lantern dimly burning.
n o useless coffin enclosed his breast
Nor in Sheet nor in shroud, we wound him;
But he lay like dead duck taking his rest,
With his tail-feathers scattered around him.
We thought, as we followed his narrow bed,
And smoothed down his poor crippled wings,
What.a lesson 'twould be to the fools who had
To reach unattainable things.
Few and short We're the prayers we said,
And we spoke not word of SORROW,
For we knew that had he not thus been in
tered.
He would have made our dinner tomorrow
But half of our heavy work was through
When the clock told the hour for retiring
And we learned by chandeliers Occasional
crow
That the sun would soon be rising
Slowly and sadly we laid him down.
From the place of his fall fresh and CORY;
We carved not a line, we raised not stone,
To recall our Dead Duck lost glory.
BETTE.
The New era. [volume] (Martinsburg, W. Va.) 1865-1871, 1866-03-22
0R. WIN. HUNTER,

PHYSICIAN AND SURGEON,
Offers his professional services to tho citizens
Of Msrtinsburg and vicinity. Office at resi-
ddence, on King Street. . few doors east OF the
Post Office IL, .- f- i..---siz ID
Sept. IA, 1865.
The New era. [volume] (Martinsburg, W. Va.) 1865-1871, 1866-03-22

Has resumed the practice Of Medicine and Sur,
gerry in Martinsburg. He can be found at all
times at his office, on Burke Street, one door
east of Dennis McSherrys residence, unless
professionally engaged
Sept IA, 1865 =,I. i'5.
The day book. [volume] (Norfolk, Va.) 1857-1867, 1866-10-20

mother, whom all of our citizens remember
as tie type of the true christian woman. OF
the family we believe one sister and brother
remain. A sister married clergyman Of
the Presbyterian Church AID has deceased
Mrs. Daughtry, the estimabe wife of DR..
Daughtry, of Portsmouth, and John Dickson
Esq, are the only survivors. The family is
connected by close ties Of consanguinity with
that of the same name, the Dicksons of this
city. We cordially sympathise with the
bereaved sister and husband in the sudden
and stunning visitation which has bereaved
them of the dearest relationships in life those
of sister and wife,
The day book. [volume] (Norfolk, Va.) 1857-1867, 1866-10-20

4 lDLENEss.--It is the vice of idleness
which is the great cause of crime as well as
the destroyer of the manly sentiment OF self
reliance and an independent spirit. This
same vice should be made its own scourge.
This, with criminals, is solitary confinement,
low diet, aud privation from labor. By this
mode of treatment, it is said, the depravity
Of the criminal would not be increased, as it
is under the labor system and partial inter-
course. So that to be kept from work. in
solitary confinement, on low diet, would, it is
surmlsed, induce in the criminal longing
for the privilege to work, and joining the
great industrial class of society. 1t is thought
that in this way the criminal class would
gradua ly learn to regard labor as privilege
and symbol of freedom and integrity, and
idleness as both the effective cause and
scourge of crimer s