New-York daily tribune. [volume] (New-York [N.Y.]) 1842-1866, 1866-02-07

Congress clear. 1t becomes clearer even when
which DISTINGUISHES 2s3 O79 citizens being more than
quarter of its whole population, thus violating a dis
tinctye principle Of republican government How can
this State be recognized as republican THIS question
is easier asked than answered But Tennessee is the
least offensive the list. There Is Virginia, which
DISTINGUISHES 9,09 citizens being more than third
of its whole population There is Alabama which dis
4G go citizens being nearly half of its
whole population. There is Mississippi which disfran
chises 49, 40 citizens, being much more than one-na OF
| its whole population And there is South Carolina,
which DISTINGUISHES 42 400 citizens being nearly TWO
thirds Of its whole population. Arepublic isa pyramid
standing on the broad mass OF the people as osu bu
here is pyramid balanced on its point To call such
government republican is mOckery OF sense ana de-
cency. monarch, surrounded by republican instltu'
tons would be less offensive to correct primer.
pies and give more security to human rlghts ~
is not difficult TO classify these States. lhey are
aristocracics ogarchies. An aristocracy accord,
ing TO the etymoogy OF the word Is the u
the best oligarcby is government OF the few ana
is arisocracy but abuse OF aristocracy
as despotism is an abuse Of monarchy Perhaps these
States may be characterized in either way. And yet
the term arstocracy especially in its origin has some
thing respectable, wbicn cannot be attributed 10
combination whose single distinctive element Is the
color Of the skin. Here MI sumner quoted tne olloW
| ing remarkable sentence Of Mr. HalaIn defining an
I'VE might say that the distinguishing Characteristic OF an
srsocacy the enjoyment Of privileges which are not COM
muncsbe the otLer citizens simply by anything they can
themselves do 70 obtain them ,
He next adverted the duty Of Congress 70 interfere
by legislation. This he traced 10 two sources-the
| guarantee clause and Constitutional amendment, con.
Guiding this part Of his argument by declaring tnat the
victory which overthrow Slavery has carried Win IL al
those CLOSES and constructions by which this army was
originally fastened upon the Constitution. FOR genera
tions Constitution has been interpreted for slavery
From this time forward it must be Interpreted IN mar.
mony with the Declaration of Independence so that
human rights shall always prevail Inc promises VI
the fathers must De sacredly fulfilled This IL the com
handing rule superseding all other rules ms Is one OF
the great victories Of the war-perhaps the greatest
T.. han, Io al
ton itself This brought Mr.. Sumner TO the coDsdera
ton of tie ballot which be called the only suiielent
guarantee being in itself peace maker, reeonc,sr
schoomaster and protector to which We are bound oy
every necessity and every reason. And speak also
or the good of these States well as for the glory ana
safety Of the Republic. that 1t may pear e1anp.e 70
maIkind Though simple in character. there IL moth
ing the ballot cannot accomplish, Ike that homey
household lamp in the Arabian story, Which, al tle
call Of its pOssessOr evoked spirit VINO dld all thncs
from the building of PALACE 10 the rocking OF Ga
die and filed the air with an invisible presence. PM
it is s. protector that Is OF ilnesSura ao'
power like n lJnch ColImbad pointed ROM m9ni'
tor Ave Sir the ballot IL the CO!umbad OF onr poiiti
cal life and every citizen wac has 1t Is iu armed
monitor He then spoke OF the gool ana elory " 'ne
Repubc. He would do something Tor the country
and especially for that unhappy portion which bad been
arrayed In arms against ns. The people theIe are our
fellow citizens and gladly would he hall them, tney
would permit j., a. no longer " sectoH no IohESr
/ The South but an integral part OF the kepuOIe'
under Constitution which knew no North, no SOUTH
and could not tolerate any sectional PIe.enso i,
Gladly did lie offer his best efforts IN all sincerity
for their welfare Bat be saw clearly that
there was nothing in the compass OF mortal power so
important 10 them in every respect, morally praccay
and economically that there was notnhs MIN sucn
certain promise to them OF benetcent results thai tbere
was nothing 30 sure 10 make tber lan0 shiIe win
industry and fertility az the decree OF equai rghts
which he now invoked. Let the decree go fOrth 70
cover them with blessings sure 10 descend upon ther
children IN successive generations they nave gwen
US war; We give them peace They have ragged against
ms in The name OF slavery. We send them back the
benedeton OF justice FOR all They menace ana nae
We Offer IN return al t1e sacFed CuhIltlcs VI 1t u
country. together with oblivion Of the past. Inl'
| Is our measure for measure; TINS ~ our r.
taliaiion; III, j. our only revenge And here saiu
Mr. Sumner ! hope 10 be parconed II stVp
one momen, 10 express nv unfang confidence IN the
triumph Of the cause. 1imd perverse counsels may
postpone the Glad consummation But The contest now
begun end only when Slavery ~ completely trans
formed by metanorphoss which shall substitute just
lee for injustice riches for poverty and beauty Tor de-
formity. From history We learn not only tue past,
but the future. In this conviction J can
observe what comes 70 pass without losing
faith. listen with composnre 10 arguments that
ought not q" be mace and can see WIN equal eompo
sure how individual opinions hesitate between Congress
and the President Ii s not 10 the oscillations OF the
pendulum that we look FOR the measure OF time but to
the f3ee OF the public clock anu ,ae striAing OIL me
church bells The indications OF that clock ana the
striking OF that bell leave room for doubt In con
ousOn Mr. Sumner entreated the Senate 10 yndicate
the great cause by the suppression OF all olgarchal
and the establishment Of those equal rights
without which republican government is name only
and nothing moro. Strike n tho Black Code. IheTe
| Il nothing choose between them. Strlke AZ
strike hard You have already proclaimed enfranehise
ment also aal Go not stuify yourselves by setting at
nought the practical principle Of the fathers that sli
st government stands ONLY on the consent OF the gov
erncd and lis inseparabe c0roary that taxation with
out representation is tyranny. The Gospel according
20 CALHOUN only another statement OF The lmpostnre
that tins august republic founded TO sustain Tue rights
Of human nature. Is nothing but white mans Gov
| eminent. The whole assumption is gnoble utterly
unsupported by history and insulting to the fathers
while IL is extensively Illogical and irrelgiOus.
! Against this assumption said Mr.. Sumner, protest
with mind soul and heart 1t is false in religion false
in craftsmanship aud false in economy II Is an ex'
rayagance which II enforced is ioolsh tyranny ouow
me creature with erect countenance, looking TO
Heaven made in the image Of God, and VIII show
you man who of whatsoever country or race-whether
darkeued by the, equatorial SUM- or piancnsd ey
Heavenly Father, and equal with yOn IN title
and all tie rights Of human nature: You cannot deny
these rights without mpiey And 80 has TOa nKea
deny these rights without peril TO the Republic IL Is
not enough that You have given liberty by the same
right that claim liberty do we claim equa,y also.
one cannot be denied without the other. What is
liberty without euuality What Is equality
without liberty One is the complement OF
the other The two are necessary TO round ana com.
plete the circle Of American citizenship. lhey
| ARE the two lobes OF the mighty lungs through
which the people breathe the breath OF life
They the two vital principles OF republican govern
ment without which government although republican
in name cannot be republican In fact These two vital
principles belong TO those divine statutes when are
craven the heart of universal man; even upon the
heart OF the slave who forgets them and upon the hcart
of the master who denies them and, whether forgotten
or denied. thew are more enduring than marble OF
brass for they share the erpetu OF t the ns ST%dn
the Immortality OF the soul added that II this was an
error II was an error which be loved. And now de-
carng my belief in liberty and equality as the uoa
given birthright Of all men, let me say IN inc SAM
shirt II this be an error IL is an error which love;
this be fault it is q fault which shall be SLOW 70
nounce; II this be an Illusion 1t IS an nIs Srm fAp