Yorkville enquirer. [volume] (Yorkville, S.C.) 1855-2006, 1866-06-14
geadiua fat 9att1ets.
Temperature for Churning.

Temperature for Churning.
For few weeks past the Farmers Club
has devoted considerable time to the dis.
cussion of butter making, and much differ
euce of opinion was elected in regard to
the proper temperature for churning butter.
It has long been known that the churn-
ing of butter is simply mechanical opera
tion, working no chemical change in the
constituents of the cream. The butter
exists in the milk, forming 4 l 4 to IA
per cent of its weight, but each little glo-
buls is iuclosed in an exceedingly delicate
memprane, which prevents the several
globules from adhearing together By the
process of churning these membranes are
broken, thus allowing the several globules
to come together in single mass. At a
temperature below about 60 de. this union
will not take place, while at few degrees
higher temperature the casein of the milk
will mingle with the butter, giving the but
ter a white color and the flavor of cheese.
The best butter is obtained at the lowest
temperature at. which the butter will come,
and this is variously stated at from 55 de.
to &c de. This difference in opinion may
result from difference in the samples of
milk tried by different observers, or it may
be due tathe fact that in some cases the
temperature was observed before the churn-
ing. 1t was stated in a recent number Of
the Mechanics Magazine, that Mr.. Reunie
raised the temperature Of water, by simply
cburnirg it, to the boiling point While
engaged in experimenting on the evolution
of heat by the agitation of water, be put
ten pounds of water into churn which re-
volved at the rate of 232 revolutions per
minute; the temperature of the water rose
to the boiling point, and an egg was boiled
hard in it in six minutes
If the farmers throughout the country
would buy thermometers for the purpose,
and would always have their cream at 90
de. to &c de. temperature when they churn
it, the average quality of the butter would
be improved, and and immense amount of
labor in churning would be saved. Their
mometers without cases are most suitable
for measuring the temperature OF liquids,
as they may be easily cleaned after i'm.
mersion.
Two Much Land.
The desire to own a very large farm is
natural, but often proves unwise in its re-
suits. When man wishes to practice
mixed husbandry, it is doubtless wise to
annex mere territory. Neighbor Jones has
twenty acres of good meadow land which
is suitable only for hay, or grain, or hoed
crops But as be finds small dairy would
be profitable, and sheep would bring in
good returns, it would be advisable for him
to buy several acres of billy land adjoining.
But this accomplished, let him stop, and
be careful to buy no more than he actually
needs for his special purpose. For, this
new land will have to pay taxes, will have
to be fenced, and may need other expenses
laid out upon it. At any rate, it will add
to bis cares, and perhaps bring him no ade.
auate return We know a farmer who,
ten years ago, owned $50 acres, and was
doing very we'll he now owDs five hundred
and is worse off than before. Aud why !!
Because this large farm is great bill Of
expense to him; he caunot afford to keep
it up in good condition, and it hangs a
milestone of cares about his neck. His
wife and children, both sons and daughters,
are obliged to work hard to keep the great
machine running. We presume his boys
declare they will leave home as soon as
they are old enough and the girls say they
will die before they will marry farmers
Neither sons or daughters are educated as
they deserve to be; they cannot be spared
for this from work on the big farm.
Now, We declare that such farm is
curse to its possessor and his family, and
an injury to the whole agricultural interest.
If that man wants to save himself and his
household, be should sell at least one half
of his land, improve the rest to make it
more productive, release bis children from
bondage aud try to make his home one of
comfort He will live longer, lay up a
good property, will train up a more intel.
ligent and happier family.-Americo~ Ag-
ricuituraltSt
Nails in Fruit Trees.