, 1866-03-01

tuue taf11- ne GOFe1nLQent IL lo6ert De-
of iron, and The duty Is Of course not realized,
On domestic iron It geta only six dollars per
ton. I have selected Iron only to illustrate |
the working Of the revenue system: Every |
species Of cloth and other manufactured ar
pose and often with more striking effect.
The result OF tho whole Is, that not only iron
but every manufactured article Is probably |
doubled in price. II the additional cost, oc-
casloued by the operation OF the revenue
laws, went into the Golfers Of the Govern
Ism to submit 10 It. But the high duty on
imports md tho low excise on domestic man
ufacturcs, have simply the effect to stop the
import, and.enablo tho home manufacturer to
sell his goods at about the price OF tho article
from abroad. with the high duty added. while
he pays to the Government only the small ex-
cisc duty, and pockets the difference. As
result we have high prices for everything, In
Gliding labor and transportation. I mean, Of
course, except agricultural productions, which
considerable extent. As another result, the
people Of the West arc paying to New Eng
land and Pennsylvania, In profits every one or |
two years. all the capital which they have |
ever invested In manufactures.
30 iar thcail5Sads arc yolsca IN n Tnst nhtas =
Affects them. They were supposed to have no
friends, and therefore the system Of domestic |
taxation has been so shaped IS to reach them !
In every form. In common with all the world |
they arc Indirectly taxed on eyerything they
bny md IN the labor, they employ. 4 tar On
axle, in tho bar, and agnin when 1t Ia put to- |
gethcr In the car; ta1 on repairs on worn |
machinery, on everything made or repnired
upon the road-in every possible way taxed;
gross revenues y ta1 which no other proper
" in the country pays They arc bit every
where and in every form. There Is single
road running out Of Chicago into tho State
which, in one form or another, has paid the
General Government, directly. s35s 900 IN
mcnt, that on the best managed roads 1t costs
4 more than q dollar to en1u another dollar
c1ear-in other words that half, and more
thnn hall, tho gross earnings Of road arc abb
Inc, and doing the business, and all will see
that TO pay that tux mud the expense Of earn
ing It, tho rJul has been compelled to H.
crease Its freight taziH, from that cause alone.
so as to make IT produce In gross tho enor-
taken from the pockets Of the population
along the line mainly. It has been neces-
sity just as unavoidable as the ta1
Itself 1t arises from single cause,
and Is not connected WITH the
enhanced price of labor and material general
~, which Is operating 10 augment au the e.
penscs Of tho country, IS well as Of railroads,
to which I have before alluded. Now the
revenues of railway are from its earnings
only. From these It must pay expenses, tag,
,es and dividends, and interest money. i
on bonds next, and dividends to owners last
/ They must manage it so Us to make It pay the
three first items. and they have right to
manage 1t 50 as to make 1t pay not only these,
but falr remuneration for their Investment,
Including fair interest on the money, ex-
pended by them, and something for the haz-
ards Of the Investment, which experiences has
proved to be very great. Every man Will see
that these exnctfons ID the form Of taxes,
. whether national or Slate, are and must DO IN
who do business over the road. It must al-
ways be 50, un1css we suppose that the own.
ers OF the property are willing to work 1t at
the old rates for freight, willie the increased
T | taxes and expenses more tlan absorb the old
, net earnings. This they may do, perhaps, u
a | ways arc not really the owners Of them, but
: the people, who have paid nothing for them
II will only bc. however. when 1t shall be set:
: tied that railway owners lave no rights, and
that their property Is subject TO practical con
n tlscation BY the Legislature, md 10 be used q
the servant or slave OF the people. without
compensation for the labor It docs for them
: This sort OF tyranny has been abolished
= throughout large part Of this country q
l least, and ln this Northern section all people
! including railway owners.
and now have to remark that this mod
of raising n revenue by the taxation OF mil
3 roads, Is the most expensive and oppressive
? not I'd the roads-bnt to the people, whict
!. could possibly be devised beca1sc, as - 1a!
D been sfatcd, for every dollar which the Coy
:, ernment realizes from II, It costs the peopl'
T. two at least and more. Better, By more thsl
= half therefore, exempt the railway from tht
t tax, and enable It to do transportation 81
: much cheaper, as to leave this s73e, ,Uo tor IN
a stancc, IN the pockets Of the people, and lc
l. Government would realize Just hs much, ant
The people would save more than IS mucl
= more Heavy taxation upon railways. ar
8 twice as heavy burdena upon those, mnos
l. ] must. repeat, @ :eoilcc. twe aoliafs ior cscr
e dollar OF tax they are compelled to pay, AMI
|, ! 1t must conc, generally, from the farmer
c along the line Of It's business. Tbs most OF
= prcssive ind unjust thing, possible, for llll
, through which Tie Central Road runs, Is th
|. tax upon the gross receipts Of that road.
n | that property can be made good one, by IN
II possibility, It will only be when 1t can eaf
.. enough to pay Its expenses-thc taxes TO 10
d -and divide fair aud reMuncrativc dlE1dend
= to It's stockholders, beeidc e1actiog .probabl
b 81, 4OO. GOO from the people along lis nne, cac
'e year to enable 1T pay S'0o. oo into TIE Stat
10 treasury. Untilit Is able to do nlt this, thos
oi doing business With It, have no right 10 c9H I
t, plain Of Its charges for transportation. n
le ruth IT,, that the sooner the eommunlt
es comes to understand that Its interests au
le those Of the railway companies are identtca
,e the sooner will come the era Of low fares an
= frcights. They cannot cease from gathefin
IRON the people tslse as n''fh, as Is
IL long as the taxation continues.
Y Now perhaps II may be we'll to say wnr
20 specially to farmers, who have been stirred II
&c &c into such wrath against railway companie
~ [ They SET and feel most painfully, that viii
u the prices Of all things else 90 Up, those
y. y their productions 20 down. They DO NJ
a as seem 10 appreciate The Causes, and for want
y some better reason, they charge It upon II
ie ie c1tortionate rates Of railway tariffs. The
ae productions are not and canno1, except WOO
. (,e protected at NIL. They are compelled
Z, send them into the markets Of the world An
ID par The expense Of transports They 1nu!
as compete with the cheaplabor Of Russia, EgyI
le and Poland, and In the markets Of Englan
:s and France in the sale Of their breadstun
" In addition to this, In order to enable the MAI
- y cheap labor of Europe, they must, peshsp
. at an events they do, submit to pay douo
I'd ur[ces ior everything they buy. They allo
ne state OF things to exist which alone caus
n I them to par- a, considerable share Of the
- productions Tor transpo1,lon " fali In ann ~ y
~ |
" taxes upon railroads, and favor the e1treu
10 tAxation of them by Congress, when tht
=. =. themselves must, necessarily pay the anon
te twice over, to enable the railroads TO pay Il
a ss Government. They submit to be taxed
a. a. every form, even on the road 70 marke
" The aggregate result of al thIs Is high pEie'
u, for eyefyt6lng else, except the produce Of u
OF farm, which {s reduced 'iu consequence.
70 = other words, everything Is protected, Ct Il
a. expense of tie farmer, while ne Is n almo Il,
I'D even 6 taxed on his unprotects
ot predictions as he goes with them
IS market in the most expensive form. as n
lf{ been stated. II, instead Of turning his wra
II upon the owners and managers OF railway
ne who arc more interested In the prosperity,
ed the country through which the lines r.
" than anybody but the farmer himself can .
or since the value of their own property depen
~ upon 1t, they would join with them TO resi-
q On these exaetions, and throw ou NE gnf9e
IS, for both. II the system Of high protecti
by must prevail al the expense Of ten millions
na na turner's IN the Northwest, they might at LEI
ne reasonably ask an tlntaxcd highway to t
fss a,ket 2! the wprl9: Nay nors thss @@.g @!gg
1ts should be made frce-thut there should be
u | free slip canal around thu Falls, and that
'cy navigation Of the st. Lawrence should be (
l Lno taincd, improved and fitted for ships Of II
~, .rS tuns burden, SO that cargoes could load
ala Chicago and unload at Liverpool, at rates
Gu below what Il now costs from Chicago
tcw York. All this monld be an insfguifcs
~ Ine demand, in comparison with what they
1 M now annually paying to build up aomes
~ ~ manufactures. The ten millions Of tho W
iEu sleep unconscious Of the wrong done the
on. while the manufacturing interest rules in Ct
% gress. Tint interest Is ever watchfnl and Q,
mn mn actlTe. II knows what It wants, and obla
- - It, be the consequences to all the rest OF
sas world what they mag, while Western 4