New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1866-08-30

Tho equilibrium of Errope had rested from the days when
! tho first check was given 20 the oyegro%h l0"e, vi
Charles the Fifth and the first wedge dl en- NV 'Ho &
TEN Of feudasm, when ultimately cruhDieL uuueI tno
pcrvadOg influences Of that Revolution NvA' ~
came the reconstruction OF the IIuss'"n Vi 'J"!
which had been dismembered in the shock on pate PC
een lie ons ~ tho fourth coalition and the forces Of
Napooon's armies In this question were ho
destines of Poland and Of the Kingdom Of 80 ony The
Netherlands Switnrland, Bavaria, Italy al" Genoa DO
manded the nces, deliberations Of the Congress nun
Der of topics Of secondary importance came peiore ne
ty of century of relentless came for redress OF their
The conferences Of the penipotentaries resulted
in Series of side treaties and specific conventions VI
those marked by general interest the essential clauses
Vero afterward grouped within the compass OF snge
act and placed under the amy
| of the whole OF Europe
PRINCES AND STATESMEN PRESENT.
On the LIST Of October 1914 two months later than the
period assigned by the Treaty Of Paris of the Oth OF May
Of that year. the Congress was naugurated by the ts-
euce of the Emperor Of Russia and Austria; of the King
of Prussia of Denmark of Bavaria and Of Wuremhers
of the Ecctor of Hcsse AID Of the Grand Dukes OF Baden
and SaxeWemGr To its deliberations Europe had sent
many of her statesmen Of highest fame and subcst minds
II Uay be not unntercstDg in this SKETCH 10 recall some
of the great which with the exception OF Irlnee
Toleyrand were attached to document which time has
proved TO have been in the main record OF diplomatic
uggeTy and hollow engagements France as uGepI ln
cfcsed any of the Other parties had selected lacy
rand-IallevrCnd, HOWcH CT omen, name dhVb8 Dack
400 years in the annals OF ailucut mind, and an
omen of battling su0cty and snake-iiko ubiciy IN the
twists and turns of diplomacy The Duke OF baioeria
nephew of tho prudent Dabcrg who faithful 10 Napoleon
had the last presided in wisdom over the Conideracy
of the Rhine. La,Our du Pin, an asute diplomatic VINO
left France in disgust the dark days Of 93, MOURN
the bu'chey of bs Catholic sOyeregns and nurse s ith
in c1,imacy IN the ueighborhood Of the Republican and
Puritan of Boston. Count and subsequently Duke
dc Noacs Marshal dc Moneys elder SON. Who brother
holds place in history for services under hinstoh
in our Revolutionary war With voice which - power
f as that of Pitt for years kept Europe nic he lnh
once Of Alternate doubts and fears Austria 81 oEe through
Prince Mettcnich with the appendage OF Bafon NsSeh
berg" bouncing cracker 70 comets tail huSsa vs.
serted her claims through Counts RassumoAski, Stacked
berg and Nesscrode. England mporsonated by LORD
Castlereach the Duke of Wellington, LORDS Cathcart,
Clancar,y and Stewart Prussia committed her damaged
interests TO the hrcwdncss of Prince Won ardenherS ana
the Statc-craft Of Karl-Wilhelm Humboldt who would
have held higher place tho roles of distinction but for
the inconvenience of Oyershad0winG brother called
Alexander Won Humboldt. In the person Of Cardinal
Gonsalv eminent Preate Pope Plus the vim came
in with sad catalogue Of grievances, hunlna'lonS tu9
insults, amounting to mariyrdom, TO hle ms aDst1
schedule of rights to the puny estates from whith
stronc-handed robbers have been pcrtnaciously and
successfully clipping for the three last three-quart
ers Of a century. Bavaria, which, from from
tho beginning Of the ninth century, has played no mean,
however secondary, part in the yicissudes OF EGpean
politics delegated the Prince Of Wrede and Count Kech-
berg that symbols Of craft and wisdom COM
bincd. Iiauover-Poor Hanover OF iooo1which claims
and has the claim allowed ga local habation in Eu-
rope far back the conquering days OF tho ongna
Kasar half century before the Christian era Hanover
that now like An OnO by Sbyloek, stands IN the dan-
ger of Prussia content TO ntus her concerns to tho
ripe experience Of the Count Of Munster Spain appointed
Come Labrador who considering the sighter interests
meaning OF his name, and brought to his N0fk an
amount Of vigilance and ability which might have
been not unuitfuy devoted TO important cause
Portugal tho neither flesh, FISH nor red herring power
Of Europe, which, in mercantile supremacs, worldwide
discoveries and colonial oohquosis had once looked down
in contempt even EDglands efforts Of imitation If not
rivalry stepped into the Congress- in the persons OF
Palmsla, Sadanba and Lobe, budding under the skirts
of Welngtons military frock. Sweden through Charles
XIV, cx-Sergeant Benadotte sent Count Lowcn-
helm inferior specimen Of an able aud accomplished
court parasite The five great powers constituted them
uifh
mich as its chairman.
THE PRUsSIAE, POLISH AND SAXON QUESTIONS.
The first discussions turned the Ptussan Polish and
Saxon questions. In the Kingdom of Sa1ony, Prussia
found the only possessions, which, rounding OIL
her territories, could secure to her the source OF
power, that her position entitled her 70 Weld |
She was however compelled 10 yield in this leonine dis
rbuton Of spos and after much negotiation. signed the
treaty Of May 49, 1915, BY which she retained Upper and
Lower Lusaiia the night bank OF the Elbe and some dis
Iets the north. Tho remnant Of Saxony, Dresden and
Leipsic allotted to Frederick Augustus her King
Who in consideration Of these grants 10 Prusse, escaped
the penalty of his attachment TO Napoleon and saycd his
crown The dcstinics Of Poland, much shorter WORK
settled simultaneously with those Of Ssxony The
heroic efforts, reassered by the Congress- The |
Grand Dutchy of WARSAW was reunited TO the Kushan
Empire. A portion Of the country, with population oil
some 900 souls dismembercd and tackled TO Prus
STA portion Of Eastern Galoia, which had been ceded
10 Russia was together with the Territory Of Wiehezka
restored TO Austria while in the indulgence Of grm
Joke the Congress declared the city OF Crcow to be free,
neutral and independent Republc
SARDINIA.
secret article in the Treaty of Paris OF May 1914 had
annexed the territory Of Genoa to the States Of Sardinia
This question commended itself 10 tho attention Of the |
Congress in the opening OF its sessions but 1t was MOI
resolved until the conclusion Of the side treaty OF the 18th
May 1915 between the King Of Sardinia, France, Austria,
England Prussia, and Russia contracting parties.
With this addition the boundaries OF tho Kingdom
settled and nearly within the limits which it occupied
before tho list of January 1872 and before the Triumph oil
the Republican armies under Bonaparie. The states, |
which had therefore constituted the Republic OF Genoa,
including the island OF Capaia, were merged IN The pos
sessions Of Sardinia comforting upon its King the ute Of
designated as Imperial fefs, united with the Lguriaa
Republic, also attached to the States Of Sardinia
AUSTRIA AND ITALY,
PreemtDg the Stipuntions touching Switzerland and
those relative to the Old United Provinces, with which
we're closely connected the dcstnies OF Belgium, which
in the event OF general conflict Is marked out as r.
ture battlefield for France this review brings us 10 inc
definition and the settlement Of tho concerns Of Italy By
the Congress 1t had passed the rights Of Poland and
of Saxo1y The reconstuction Of Prussia, involving spo
laons of territory had been decreed with touching
uDanmity of consent. The engagements OF Hanover
Sardinia, and Netherlands had been confirmed. The al
btcrs Of Europe then admitted the principle that tho three
branches of the House of Austria should be rensated in
the Italian possessions through earlier treaties at the be-
ginning Of the revolutionary struggle OF France Herein
connection with the Aust ltaion phase OF the present
war it may be well T. take . backward step b late
banqueting, with the object perhaps, of wardne ono
possible mputation az ns his administration TO- .sing
10 forcsee what IL ha done Lord Russell expressed
the opinion that it is but natual that Austria sho aid
sort 10 arms, having by avery eqnvoeal treGty in tho
year 1893 obtained the government OF Venetia."
From the times of Cardinal Wolsey down 10 those Of
Lord John Russell, tortuous and unfair
have been the negotiations OF England thar,
even in our days, British statesmen can find
traces Of their own uniaiTness and antiquities in
the painest records Of diplomacy We not aware Oh
the existence Of any treaty OF 798 equiyoeal other
WISE that Austria claim sanction for her authority
over Venetia With very fair compend, however, Of
tho collection of the Treaties OF Europe before US we
find that in consequence of succession Of Victories
which carried BonGparte within hundred miles OF
Vienna in the night of the 18th OF October H9 at the
Formo, Austria treating for peace and