davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Columbia democrat and star of the north. [volume] (Bloomsburg, Pa.) 1866-1867, 1866-04-04
idows' Appraisements.
NOTICE OF CONFIRMATION.

Il ne follow ing appraisements of real and personal
l property set apart Widows of decedeuts have
been filed in the Office Of the Register of Columbia
county, under the Rules of Court. will be pre-
sented for absolute confirmation, to The Orphans
Court be held in Bloomsbury. in and for said eoun
". on WEDN ESDAY, THE 9Th DAY OF My, q. ID,
1856. O'Clock in the afternoon of said day. unless
exceptions TO such confrmaons previously filed.
o. which all persons interested ia said will
take notice.
Widow of John F. masteller, late OF Madison
twp, decd
9 Widow cf Robert J. Lyons, lato Of Pine twp
deceased.
yid, of Charles Eisenhart late of Cattawissa
twp, deed.
Widow of John Cooper late Of Pine twp, deed.
Widow fRosw ell Smith late Of G reenw ood twp.
decreased.
o Widow OF Charles Hughes late of Bloom twp.
deceased.
Widow ofJOhn W. Hess late of susarloaf twp.
deed.
Widow ofHenry H. Fritz late of ssgahoa twp.
deceased.
Widow OF John Jacobv late Of Scott twp. decd
10 Widow Of Peter Delnng late OF Centre twi decd
II W idow Of WIN. B. WeIIiver late OF Madison twp.
deed
u Widow of Jacob Johnson late Of Orange twp.
deed.
JOHN C FREEZE, Register.
Bloom s5uyg, .4pril T. 156G.-tc
Columbia democrat and star of the north. [volume] (Bloomsburg, Pa.) 1866-1867, 1866-04-04
An Extraordinary Paper.

The April number of the american
.8gricu.turist contains Al pages (ISxl0
inches) instead of the standard 30, and
each of the previous three numbers of
this The quarter-century volume, has con-
tanned at least 40 pages, with prospect
of continuing at this size. Over $50 en-
cravings have already appeared in the
first one-third Of the volume. The pres
ent April) number opens with splendid
head engraving of 'Baron Of Oxford"
one Of the most valuable animals Of the
cattle kind in this country or in the
world. Next are 4 pages of "Hiuts
about work TO be done during the month
in the field, orchard, garden, apiary, etc.
giving some hundreds Of pracliea suggcs-
tion5, especially valuable Tor the open
ing spring work. Next are pages Of
Basket MATER or some go or more
shorter items on various topics Of gcner-
al interest, answers to queries, useful
hints from correspondents, etc., including
an onslaught upon humbugs. Next are
IL pages Of topics pertaining a general
field and farm work, animals, buildings,
etc., With several engravings, including a
full page one Of Barn on Fire, and
hints as TO what Is to be done. Fo low
ing this is the Horticultural, or fruit,
f lower and garden department, also Gne-
ly illustrated. The Household Depart.
ment comes next inclniing an illustrated
description OF the "Pork Worm," or
Trichina and an imp ortant article on
silver" "Plated Ware showing the decep-
tions practised. The Youths Depart
ment is certainly admirable for the little
folks and includes very fine engraving
of "The Young Runaway" about Shot
Making, also capital puzzle picture Of
ian enemy in Camp and other puzzles
and Instructive items. The whole nun.
Der is supplied for IS ceats and the
whole volume for the year at SI.5O, OF
four copies for So, which will hardly
pay for the printing paper used, and the
press work. Every family will fud il
advantageous to take the .fgricuIturiSt
TIE April number is alone worth the
whole years subscription price, while The
previous three numbers are scarcely less
valuable, and the future eight months
to be even more valuable, Send the
subscription price to the Publishers
Orange Judd & Co, Al Park Row. New
York City and get the whole volume
A better investment of the money can not
well be made.
Columbia democrat and star of the north. [volume] (Bloomsburg, Pa.) 1866-1867, 1866-04-04
Moving Day.

As the frst OF April came on Sunday
this spring the general moving day was
Monday the 2nd, very disagreeable
and unpleasant day for the busiaess,
nevertheless Bloomsbury seemed to be
alive with wagons passing to aud fro
loaded with household goods. Oh house
wives you dear ones You who take so
much pains, who labor so faithfully aud
so cheerfully for the comfort, neatnsss
and general warfare and beauty of in
door arrangements of the family how
deeply we sympathize with you in having
your goods soiled, your spirits dropped ,
by an increased rain saturating your rich
carpets. beautiful valuable and comfort
able bedding, clothing &C. &c. aud max
ing the whole task doubly disagreeable
and injurious.
Bat be of good cheer to-morruw will be
sunshine.
Columbia democrat and star of the north. [volume] (Bloomsburg, Pa.) 1866-1867, 1866-04-04
Republican Convention.

Mr. a. x. Mcclure, Iranklin, moved
that the platform be adopted with the
exception of the fourth resolution. lie
thoughr the name cf Andrew Johnson
ought not TO be mentioned in the conten-
tioa.
Mr. Hall of Blair, made speech of
some length, endorsing the resolution
aud praying that the members would
pursue such course as would not drive
the President entirely away from The
party which elected him
Cries of, she has gone already" and
ieers and laughter 'resouuded fhrougout
the hail.
Mr.. Mcclure supported his resolution
in some strong remarks, urging the Con
veniion to pass the name of President
johnson by with what il deserved, silent
contempt.
2 3. Carnahan, Esq, United States
District attorney at Piusburg, offered
the following as substitute for the
fourth resolution as reported by the
Committee
ResoIUea, That relying on the we'll
tried loyalty and devotion of Andrew
johnson to the cause of the Union In the
dark days of treason and rebellion, re-
membering the patriotic conduct. services
which in times past have eudeared his
name to the Union party, and now, re-
! posing full trust in his ability, patriotism
and integrity, we express the confidence
that the policy of bis administration will
be so shaped and conducted as to save
the nation from the perils which still
! surround it.
Mr.. Lawrence, of Washington, made
some stiDging aIlusions to the fact that
Mr.. Csruahan, being an ofiice-ho'der,
stood in peculiar relation to the Presi-
den; and appealed to him to Withdraw
bis resolution.
Mr.. Gannahan refused to do so.
Mr.. Kirkpatrick, of Allegheny, moved
to strike out the words, ''and aOiD rspos
ing J,,H trust IN his ability, patriotism
and integrity" He regarded it as a
fatal mistake for the Republican party
to go before The State on platform en-
dorsing President Johnson.
| 0. j. Dickey hoped the gentleman a
from Allegheny would withdraw hi,
Columbia democrat and star of the north. [volume] (Bloomsburg, Pa.) 1866-1867, 1866-04-04

amendment. If be wanted the ayes and
nays on it be could have them, and the
amendment would be voted down
Col. Mcclure said, the gentleman had
evidently got into the wrong convention /;
he had arrived just two days behind time Z;
it his resolution had been offered in the
Democratic Convention it would have
been received with shouts Of applause it
did not suit the tastes of this body and
the best thing the gentleman could do
would be to withdraw it.
Columbia democrat and star of the north. [volume] (Bloomsburg, Pa.) 1866-1867, 1866-04-04
DIED.

lu Caiawissa township, Colum bia codnly.
Pa, on the 3O,h uli. James Fisher, aged
3S years, 9 months aud 81 days.
10 Main twp Columbia county, on the
3Olh nil., Emma E., daughter of DAME
aud Mary Fisher, aged years, ? month.
and 10 days.
There viii be no more sorrow, no noEe pam,
she will be happy there,
Weep not, our loss will be her gain,
IN heaven TO meet prepare.
Chi her hands so meekly folded.
While she drew her parting breath,
she is sleeping some one whispered,
But 1t was the sleep Of death
Columbia democrat and star of the north. [volume] (Bloomsburg, Pa.) 1866-1867, 1866-04-04

a religions reformation is going on in
Italy, having for its object the purifica-
ton OF the Roman Catholic Church.
There, as here. however, the government
undertakes to run the churches" and
sends to different districts political
priests. At MilaD at a sermon preach
ed by a g0Uernme1t purchased priest the
congregation became dissatisfied, and
called out, "Let him preach the Gospel
OF Christ" So in our own country, the
cry of the people is for the Gospel, not
politics. But league-bought priests dis
perse Congregations with negro political
disquisitions. Let Them preach The Cos
pei Of Christ.
Columbia democrat and star of the north. [volume] (Bloomsburg, Pa.) 1866-1867, 1866-04-04
A JACKSON DEMocRAT.
Eaitors. Democrat &. Str

GEnrLEMcN How changed is the situa-
ijou, within The past year. IN The valley of
FisbInscreek. A short lime previous 10
that period, this beautiful and peaceful
country was invaded by an army OF near one
ihou-aud men, accom- panied with muskeis,
bayonels; cannon, baggage wagons, horses,
amb0lances aud all ihs para pheruaiIa of
war. devastation and death. They came
amcng Us, as they alleged, under lhe order
OF the Government Lincoln and Stgnfou)
for The purpose OF preserving order O. anu
arresung deseuers %
The only disorder known IN this portion
of The country, then, was occasIoued by
lhe midnight depredauons" of gang OF
Of cJoti.ioa co1ra,Gs, led on BY a deser er
named r a. B., whose scalp, il is be-
ieve6 The ludIsns have since secCIed, IA
the Tar west beyond the Rocky MocutaIns
This young desperate was assisted and en-
c0Urased 10 lhis raId upon the lives of The
unoHsHdIng women aud helpless children,
and The peace OF the community, by men
here, who will ct get their dues, aud one
whose right hand will never more point
lhe ''ruffian invaders TO The homes OF his
neighbors that trey might be huuied al
midnight anu :athlessly arrested. But The
sInali.iry hereabouts, who of course aided
a
among Us, are not much 10 blame, (for they
are al best OF very lItle accouul,) as are
some of the more prominent aboiiIoaIsls
Of BioOmsbnrg.
There and here, these "Lincoli-houudsI
are known-were marked aud viii be re-
moered.
The Act-Fcrty -fonr OF our most respects
able citizsus, nor one of whom was de-
serter or disunionisi, were arrested under
The cover OF night, by The mIuious Of tue
Lincoln Tory AdmIuisiralIon, rorn from
their families, anJ-wiihout the semblauce
Of a Ifai, in the teeth OF all law, aud IN
VIOLATION OF every principle of humanity,
indscenlly spirited of 10 ihe Ras:re. These
citizens we're cooly kiduaFped. They were
punished without trla or convIclIou aud
the lew that were seuleuced by 4 sham
court and pe1ured wiiuesse~. so glaringly
Infamous was the sct-taal they were all
al length released
lis OJest The invasion Of our county,
in 1861 was faI special object. Ii was
not 10 eusiaIn The Laws, TO suppress the
Rebellion, or restore The Upion. They
aimed al none OF these objects The 90
iecl Of that most damuable' outrage, was
for The sole purpose OF obtaining additional
political power aHd defeating Ihe noble De
EnocracY ol Co!umbia county.
fHG Result Presently these deeply u-
iufed men, excepting the suffering they
endured aud the loss OF property sustained
by thieves and robbers during heir eScur-
sou here, s'aud better than ever in the
eyes OF all respectable people. Their con-
sciences are clear. and they boldly chat
lenge truthlul condemnation OF lheH public
acts and prisaie lives, and will be houored
by Unborn generations. Already the Abo-
luion lrator- are ashamed Of he oct aud
woniG gladly bury It n oblivion. Let 1t
remain a curse aud disgrace. tor all coming
lime, upon us aulhors and iheir poserty
BsSToN DEMoCRsT.
Columbia democrat and star of the north. [volume] (Bloomsburg, Pa.) 1866-1867, 1866-04-04
MARRIED D.

On rhe I>tlnsr., uy tie Rev Wm.J Eyer,
MIR. Jonas Raah. Of Ashland. Schuviknl
county. Pa, 10 Miss Sarah Klein, OF Roar
inecreek township, CoIum bIa comfy.
On the 27lh uh, by The Rev. VIM
Eyer. Mr.. Joseph p. Haus, to Mss Ka e
RAIN. both Of Caawissa, Pc.
On the l., iasr., cy Rev. n. Spear, Mr.
James V. GrIiispy to Roth E Klrns horh OF
Greenwood twp, Columbia county, Pa.
Columbia democrat and star of the north. [volume] (Bloomsburg, Pa.) 1866-1867, 1866-04-04

A very plausible rnmor is again saoat,
sTowing that the President is positively re-
solved 10 dismiss the recresEt members OF
his council, and 20 replace them by persons
who conform TO his Administration.
II is notorious saet, that the Secretary
OF War. The Secretary ofths Interior, and
the Attorney General, are in flsgrani revolt
against their chief Mr. Johnson's most
vindictiys enemies are of bis owa house,
h0lds they would crush him 10 :he earth if
tsey bad he power, and how, with prop
er ss8timent Of seIf-resPects to can longer
submit lobe betrayed and baked by his
own crsatuns, and con6deniisl' adrssers, ,ws
are unable to nndefsIand. Like Andrew
Jackson, Isi him dismiss ibem At once
Columbia democrat and star of the north. [volume] (Bloomsburg, Pa.) 1866-1867, 1866-04-04

Mr.. Marshall said that General Geary
had called on him few days ago, and
iu conversation had told him that he
coHdjh endorse eUery act or speech
Of Thareus SteUms.
Mr. Marshall was a delegate to the
Republican c Convention and said the
ab owe In epeech.
Columbia democrat and star of the north. [volume] (Bloomsburg, Pa.) 1866-1867, 1866-04-04

PENNSYLVANIA have been assur-
ed by a number of Democratic friends
from Pennsylvania that the prospects OF
the Democratic party in the keystone
State at the ensuing election in October
were never better than at the present
time. Hundreds OF men in all classes OF
life, including statesman. mechanics,
merchants, and laboring men, formerly
acting with the Republican party, have
Determined to support the Democratic
ticket, headed by Mr.. Clymer, and there
by aid in sustaining Mr.. johnson in bis
efforts for peace and reunion.
La Crosse Democrat.
Columbia democrat and star of the north. [volume] (Bloomsburg, Pa.) 1866-1867, 1866-04-04
Questions for General Geary.

There are two questions which the
people desire General Geary to answer
without delay, and which we shall con-
tinue to ask until We get explicit replies
to them.
l. Is be, or is he not, in favor of negro
suffrage
? Does he, or does be not, support
the restoration policy of Andrew John
son!
Let there be no quibblng or lodging.
Give US plain ard unmistakable answers.
Ii the General imagines that he can get
through the six-nonths campaign before
US without meeting fairly and squarely
these two important questions, he vii
find himself as sadly mistaken as when
be reireated before fifteen of Moseby' :
men. under the impression that they were
The body of Stonewall Jackson's men.
Columbia democrat and star of the north. [volume] (Bloomsburg, Pa.) 1866-1867, 1866-04-04

OK the both ult., Hon Hester Clymer
resigned his seat in the Senate of Penn
sylvania Charles Kessler, Esq, for
many years, editor of the Reading Adler
and j. Lawrence Getz, Esq, editor of
the Reading Gazette, will be prominent
candidates for the nomination OF Senator,
by the Berks county Democratic Con
vention, to fll the vacancy occasioned
By the resignation Of Senator Clymer,
Columbia democrat and star of the north. [volume] (Bloomsburg, Pa.) 1866-1867, 1866-04-04
Ma. ScOvEL, Republican Senator Of New

Ma. ScovEL, Republican Senator of New
Jersey, refuses 10 vote with the Radical
Senators of that State in electin2 United
States Senator 10 6lI The place of Senator
SlocIon, Democrat, 10 whom the Disunion-
isis of the UEiled States Senate refused a
seat. The Disunion papers open sharply
on Senator ScoveI for voting with The Dem
ocrais not 10 60 into joint meeting to elect a
United States Senator. Good for Scovel,-
be must know who is TO be voted for, before
he win go into an election. He believed
that Mr. Stockton vas ia law elected 10 his
seal, and sgrssd with The report Of the ju-
dietary COMMITTEES in his case.
Columbia democrat and star of the north. [volume] (Bloomsburg, Pa.) 1866-1867, 1866-04-04
NCn) 0aer rtlsenlellts
TO THE SCHOOL DIRECTORS OF
COLUMBIA COUNTY.

4 y ENTLEMEN In pursuance of an act
~ Of the Legislature, enacted during the session
of lSfG, ameuuaory Of the fOrtyhrd rtion OF the
act of sth May, 1854 you hereby fled meet
IN Convention, ut The Court House. IA Bloomsbury,
the first Tuesday in May. A. d lsG6, being the
dr-t day Of the month at ] O'Clock the afternoon.
and select VIVA woes by maj aj0rIty # the whole
number Of directors present one person uf literary
and scientific requirements, and Of skill and rNpe-
rencu IB Tue ofteacAing, County Superintend-
1T, for Tie three succeeding years determine the
amount of compensation for the same and certify
the result To the state Superintendent Al arrisbdrr
as required by The thirty ninth and furtrth sections
Of sad act, T.. =. BARhLEI,
County Supe perintenGent Of Col. Co,
NOM skur~ ABrti / I-6b
Columbia democrat and star of the north. [volume] (Bloomsburg, Pa.) 1866-1867, 1866-04-04

We have added TO our list Of subscribers
quite number OF new names since the
first OF March. This is highly gratifying 10
rs. The Democrat and Sfa' is now regard
ed aud recognizeJ as The leading Democrat
ic organ OF the county ,snd is acknowledged
5v the Democracy to meet he real issue
before the country in such manner as TO
defy successful contradictions.
Advertisers will please remember oUr
large circulation and the benefit they will
receive by advertising ex ieusively in our
paper Our thanks are dne 10 our friends
FOR the interest they manifest in inducing
others TO subscribe. II should be as much
interest TO our subscribers as TO ourselves TO
circulate the Democrat and Star. Hereafter
our columns shall not be entirely devoted
10 politics We will endeavor to furnish
reading matter for the wife, the mother; the
son, aud the daughger, and We insist lhaI
they shall read every word carefully !, and in
the end they will be richly rewarded.
Columbia democrat and star of the north. [volume] (Bloomsburg, Pa.) 1866-1867, 1866-04-04
TO FARMERS.

DHILLIPS SUPER PHOSPHATE LINE. .Seyrpurrs'
Patent Grain and Phosphate Driil, Burnetts Re.
Fcivlng Hay kaAes nd Hand Rake5 for sale by
FANTON & HARMON.
Ruperi Pa,
We claim for Philips Super Phosphate that il con-
taias less moisture is more uniform quality
tsns moie agricultural value, than any other in the
market, aud Introduce The article farmers in gen
eral as -taple and standard article Intending 10
make II perm anent trade
PAXTON HARMON.
APrilA 1866
Columbia democrat and star of the north. [volume] (Bloomsburg, Pa.) 1866-1867, 1866-04-04

VIZ would say TO tHe Democracy of CO.
lumbia cophly, organize Do this imme-
diaiely. Form yourselves iuto township
clubs, know your strength, work together
as one man, aud victory will crown your
labors. By this means you will be able to
ge, your entire vote out at the coming eec-
ton and greatly increase our Democratic
majority. So far as elec,ing oUr county
licketis concerned, all this is not necessary !;
but we have another and more important
one and tha, is The guberuatorial ticket. We
have an acceptable candidate, in the per-
son OF Hon. HIEsTER CLvMER, and with
every Democrat doing bis Duty, we can not
fail. No better, more fit man ever was
dominated for that position And 10 speak
candidly, the Democracy never had fairer
prospects of success than they have at
present. Ii is all in their own hands; will
they win or allow victory &c pass away
from ihem As we sad before, organize
into clubs and don't delay.
Columbia democrat and star of the north. [volume] (Bloomsburg, Pa.) 1866-1867, 1866-04-04

JESSE COLEMAN Prothonotnry.
Blooms burg. April 4, l6o5.
Columbia democrat and star of the north. [volume] (Bloomsburg, Pa.) 1866-1867, 1866-04-04
Applications for License.

ri OTCE is hereby given, that the fol-
Z lowing named persons have made application
to the Prothonotary OF Columbia county for Tavern
licensees TO be granted al the May Term Of Court:
John F. Caslow Bloom Tavern
John LeacOck
George w. Maugrr
T.. D.. Mendenhail Store
John ]. Stiles Benton Tavera
&. Shuman & Son Beaver
&. f. Mann
Philip Gotshall Cattawissa
John Sharpiess Co Store
Iohn Grover Centre Tavern
John L. Kline Conyngham
WIN Goodman
Daniel T. MckiernLn
T.. Unangst Fishingcreek
VIM Edgar Greenwood
w a. Kline "
Ludwig Thel Locust
isaac Rhodes -
Joshua Womer %
Daniel Yeager
j.. Conner Montour -
A. X smith ~ adison
Thomas Jones Mt Pleasant
John Keller hlifiia
isaac Yetter Maine
Aaron Hess
Jacob Good Orange
Samuel Rimby
Samuel Everett
Israel Mummey Scott :"
Philip ID. Keller 4"
John Savage i"
Columbia democrat and star of the north. [volume] (Bloomsburg, Pa.) 1866-1867, 1866-04-04
M. WHITMOYER,
ATTORNEY AT LAW.
BLOOMSBURY. Pa.
Pa.

Office opposite Post office, orer Horfman's store.
buck Pay, Bounty, Pensions and Gos-
ermment claims promptly collected.
Bloomsbury, Apr T. '66.
Columbia democrat and star of the north. [volume] (Bloomsburg, Pa.) 1866-1867, 1866-04-04


THE Office holders under The present ad :
minislrslion are in a very uncomfortable po-
sition- They are trying to ride Iwo horses
aHd fnd il very difFicnIt mailer For in
stance. the Revenue Assessor of this Dis
tricl, who is publisher OF ane wspaper, ia
sustaining the Radicals in Congress one
week, aud tie next iurne round and saws he
Is suRSorliag the President, and atemp PTS 10
explain to his readers (many of whom are
well. ll.meanug men that there r0ally does
not exist any difference between me Presi-
dent and Congress. Although the Presi-
dent vetoed he Frredmen's Bureau Bill,
and The Civil Rights Bih.--Ihe forroer of
waich The republican editor told his readers
the President would give his APPROVAL
but he did uot sill The same editor and
Office holder Supports The bill, sands 5y the
Radicals, ard has not the nerve 10 come
cut with his brother dead duck aud ;senornce
the veto, bnt passes it by 10 snIIen sils.ce
eau be continue 10 hold office by pursuing
this coufse.
He that is not an open and agosged support
er Of the Presidents measures, mus, be
against him. Aad 10 be silea was con-
strued not .ons since, 10 be reason
The Evansville journal. [volume] (Evansville, Ind.) 1866-1870, 1866-08-18
!. STAR UNION LINE. of
Important to. Shippers tllr0ugfiOu
the Southwest. cas- 1T

!. TEN PER CENT. 81 FED. ms
WyHE UNDERSIGNE ED, HAVING
been appointed gents of the = Star
Union Line a fast freight line between
the Southwest and the Eastern Seaboard,
desire toiealf the attention of shippers 10
the advantages of this line over all others
for the speedy transfer of freight from all
ports on the Ohio and Mississippi Rivers
TO New York and other Eastern cities.
Z Freights are sent through. nom Evans
Vile to New York, Boston, and Phiiadei-
phia without change of cars, and In the
unprecedented time of seven to ten days.
This through line saves to the Shippers
at least ten per cent. on freights, ana de-
liyers goods in as good order as received:
Reclamations promptly and satls1ecto-
risy adjusted.
and Projectors of Wharf boat,
au15 d3m Evansville, Ind. g
The Evansville journal. [volume] (Evansville, Ind.) 1866-1870, 1866-08-18

No printing establishment in the West
has better facilities or greater ABILITY LOT
Ioins tine Steamboat Printing. Our assert
menJ OF Job Type, though very large and
complete. is constantly being added TO, and
our Job department is under the personal
s,Ineryision of one of the bestjob printers
in the United States. We are prepared to
nrint Posters, plain or fancy, Bill Heads,
Bills Lading, Cards, Deck and Meal Tick
cts. Bills of Fare, Mates Tickets for Labor,
&C. &c. Orders left with either of the
wharf boats win be promptly attended to.
The Evansville journal. [volume] (Evansville, Ind.) 1866-1870, 1866-08-18

q This deIiehtfal toilet arr4cae mas no eoual
for Preserving and BeauLifying the COM
plexion and Skim St3s'4 AZ aNa' = - a
8 Sold by druggists ever where sL.raa-o g..
Depot, "a Fulton street, ". Z. mars ON
The Evansville journal. [volume] (Evansville, Ind.) 1866-1870, 1866-08-18
ADAMS EXPRESS COMPANY.

WyHE ADAMS EXPRESS COMFA-
IL ny respectfully announce 70 anear
friends and patrons-the pupic on ~ AIS u
Vile and vicinity-that, with increased Ia
cfIities for the transportation Of