davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Daily empire. (Dayton, Ohio) 1865-1867, 1866-02-10
Travel and Trade on our Great
Plains.

a western paper has furnished us with
sone of the statistics Of travel and trade on
the broad plains ofthc Great West, no little
astonishipg, when one reflects In how brIci
n period some Of those immense enterprises
have grown up. We give but n few brief
extracts, amply sufficient 10 show how im-
portant that wild section has become:
The number of freightcrs engaged In
transporting goods, during the past year,
was greater than IN any previous season,
although ~ course, the old firms did the
larger part of the business. First on the
list of heavy shippers y the mammoth hut
tcrncld Overland Dispatch Company, whose
business connections, extending 10 nearly
every large city on the continent, are Welt
defined and influential
The total amount OF goods shipped by
thCsc iroightors, during the season, was
~ $40 lbs, of assorted merchandise,
requiring, for III shipment i,0l7 wagons,
125G men, 7,l0i mules 27,6S5 oxen, and 100
horses.
During the past year the coachcs carried
2097 passengers west, and brought 22Sl
nom the west, making total of 4,2SS. The
aggregate price of passage was SlOO, and
the total amount received from this source
sSlA72O. The c0nches during the year also
brought IN S2iOO,OOO In specie, and carried
iG,0OO pounds of express freight.
just following the outbreak of the war,
there was great falling of In private
ncightlng. 10 was not until 1864, that the
business resumed its wontcd activity, and
exhibited again that greatness which must
soon render the commerce of the Plains the
most wonderful dcyclopcmcnt of the West
The past year presents u most striking
example of this astonishing growth. IL ~
seven times larger than that of 1858; five
times larger than that of 1859; nearly three
times ~ large rs that Of 1860; four times
greater than that of 1863; and exceeds the
trade of 1864 by 4S03,il0 pounds.
The capital Invested In this grunt COM
mcrcc Is enormous. Oxen. mules and wag-
ons have commanded unusually high
prices during the past year. The cost oi
the wagons employed would average S300
apiece; mules, $500; oxen, $lG0 per yoke
harness, $50 for each six mules. The time
occupied by each train In loading and
making the trip through and back, will
average three months, and the wages OF
the men employed $50 per month,
The Daily empire. (Dayton, Ohio) 1865-1867, 1866-02-10
AnInfamous Queen.

The moral character Of the present Queen
Of Spain lsnotoriously infamous. A letter
from Madrid says II Is no secret in any OF
the capitals of Europe, nor indeed any
where in the world, that her children ara
not her husbands chlldren-arc notc even by
one lover-bnt are the rcsnlt of amours as
caprlcious Us thoy are disgracenl. She will
shoEtly give, birth 10 another infant, and the
parentage IN this case is 40 insulting 10
spanish regard for caste, fnot its respect
for morality, that tho people Of the large
cities are mortified and Indignant In mod
ern tImes she has seen only one royal per-
sonage whose dissolute manners have APP
preached her, and that personage Ia hes
mother.
The Daily empire. (Dayton, Ohio) 1865-1867, 1866-02-10
g REAT BARa AIMS
Sale of Lots, Lands. &c.

Il HE UNDERSIGNED, ADMINISTRA- .
TORS OF Joseph MoRcynOlds deceased, will offer
fOr shio, AZ public hnctlOn, on .ftt FI
SATURDAY, THE ~ DAY or MARCH, 1906,
A. two o'clock T. NJ, on he preaisss tho following
real estate
Part Of ouaot No "a, situate on tho south cast
corner Of Flth anil Mclteyn0lds street. In the city
OF Dayton, ohio. containing 10 100 Of M acre.
ALSO-Ln,H numbered aud o. gOntainiugi 40. 100
No 4, containing Gs10O acres, and lot No o, con.
thinng 2 6GlO0 acres ~ numbered and do.
scribcd on the plat OF subdivision of eight acres
OF land Of tho south Ond Of tho farm and promises
lately owned by Joseph Moitcyn0lda deceased
situate In tho y w. quarter Of section 49, town q
range oast, No, Ia Mad River Township Mont
gomsry County ohio, which plat and subdivision
was mado by order Of the Superior Court oi
Montgomery County. Otto, In tho casO of the
administrations Of Joseph MclieynOltls vs. Tho
widow aud hcirs OF Joseph McReynolH deceased
said part Of outot No, 81 is appraised nt tbb lots
Nos, and At S1ib each, lot No 3 ut $500 lot No
~ &l2t and lot No, b nt &l, IA.
Any one Of said lots may soil at twO.thirtla the
appraised value thereof
Idts numbered one, two, three, four and Ave lie
lust outside the corporation line Of the city of Day
bpu nrc desirable locations Tor rCHduncCsi suitable
also for gardening purposes and WUll ndnptcd fol
subdivi 10 moct the growing demand Tor city
lots IN that locality aud will bo sold free from
dover aud all claim Of the heirs OF said doccascd
JOHN M'REYNOIDs
MICHAEL. TREY NOI,DS,
hdm'rs, Of Joseph McllOy nolds Decd.
ODIIN CAlllLL, Aty'h iuu7-dts
The Daily empire. (Dayton, Ohio) 1865-1867, 1866-02-10
$pefial gotifes.
Potter mart,n,a Ho,-Air Purnaoe..

Columbus, fobrubry Is, 1873
10 WAoB his may Coaceybf
Peter Martin, OF Cincinnati has placed his Pat.
cnt Improved Hot Air Furnaces In our High
school aud District School No o. Tho Furnaces In
District No, have bocn In use two years; those in
the Ifigh School during this winter so far thoy
have given ontrc satisfaction For efficiency In
warming quality of heat. economy Of fuel, aud
promptncss OF action, they deserve special com.
mendation. cbcorlnlly recommend Mr.. Martins
Furnaces 10 any who may desire m excellent mode
Of heating
H. u KINGSLEY,
supt, of Public schools of Columbus
frb0.imd
The Daily empire. (Dayton, Ohio) 1865-1867, 1866-02-10
Tho "Bayonet Elections" In Ken
tucky,

tuciSy,
Which have been branded with inhlmy by
the Legislature and people Of that state,
are 10 be- tried over again to-ddy ttho 10TH,
In the counties Of Konton, Campbell and
Pendloton. The same candidates arc In the
field, and the result will possess great inn
portauce. Military tyranny, bayonets In
the hands Of drunken negro soldiers, COM
mandcd by the meancst Of white sntraps,
will be absent from the polls. The doors Of
Ialls and guard-houses will bc closed
against honest Democratic voters, and once
again we may hear of the vindlcatlon OF
the right Of suffrage.
The Cincinnati Commercial evidently an
tiolpates the defeat Of the expelled lnem-
bers now candidates again, and says
frankly that
oTho well-known alleged reason FOR ex-
pclllnp these members Is, that the election
was under the control of the national sol
diery, acting under the orders of General
Palmer That the politics of the gentle
men expelled hRd adccided influence In the
matter, Is extremely probable, and we may
say Il IL reduced 10 certainty, by the fact
that some of those who voted for the cX-
pulsion OF the Senators aud Representa-
lives Of Campbell, Kenton and Pcndlcton
Counties were themselves oilcctually sup
ported by bayoncts Mt the polls. We have
oftcn expressed the opinion that the inter
ference with the elections by the soldiers
under General l'almcr's military admiuiS-
tration was incxcusablc aud disgraccrl,l.
The orders and personal declarations of the
General In stump speeches, were vague,
and irresponsible persons IN many places
assumed grcnt responsibilities. It was our
Judgment that IL General Palmer had
minded his own business, the Union party
IN Kentucky would have shown much
greater strength than IL did, with his med
dlcsomc and fatal military assistance
The Daily empire. (Dayton, Ohio) 1865-1867, 1866-02-10
Btw advertisements.
Valuable Land at Public Sale.

WE wft.L SELL ABOUT FIFTY
ACREs Of ~ good soil ~ YOU can nnd In the MI.
AMI VALLEY, in Miami township. Mo tgQIuery
county, O., best known NJ the Peter lirtzri Farm
near the ftetzci or "Hions" Church, on the nike
leading from Dayton 10 Mlamlsburg about miles
south of Dayton, ON
FRIDAY, FEBRUARY i6 1915,
At 0 clock ~ N This property will be sold In
loss, or IN two parts, or nitogcthcr Al Of which
will be satisfactorily explained the day Of sale
TEhMS-One. third cash. one third IN ono year,
uhe balance In two years Any person wishing Ia
pay all cash. or part ~ the deferred payments the
lptrrcst ut the rate Of per cont por year win bo
deducted HENRY SMEADNER
The Daily empire. (Dayton, Ohio) 1865-1867, 1866-02-10
Dlssolution OF Copartnership.

l. HE COPARTNERSIIIP HERETO
FORE existing under the Arm name OF WIN. Vol
brocht h Co., n this day dissolved by mutual con.
sont, Herman SAndmOior retiring from tho buui.
ness Either party " authorized 10 collect thc
debts due the 0rm. MM. NDLBREIIIr
~ SAMDMEIER
White Cloud Kansas chief. [volume] (White Cloud, Kan.) 1857-1872, 1866-08-23
Lyons Periodical Br0pS.
THE GREAT FEMALE REMEDY &c
IRREGULARITIES.


These Drops are 4 scientifically compounded
fluid preparation, and better than any Pills,
Powders, CT Nostrums. Being liquid, their ac-
ton IS direct and positive, rendering them a
reliable. speedy and certain specific for the
cure of ali distractions and supprsssions of ma
ture. Their popularity is indicated by the fact
that over 1000 bottles are annually sold and
consumed by the ladies Of the United States,
every one Of whom speaks 10 the strongest
terms Of praise of their great merits. They
are rapidly taking the place of every other Fee
uale Remedy, and are considered by all who
know aught of them, as the surest, safest, and
most infallible preparations in the world, for
the cure of all female complaints, the removal
of all distractions of nature, and the promotion
OF health, regularity and strength. Explicit
directions, stating when they may be used, and
explaining when and why they should not, nor
could not be used without producing effects
contrary to natures chosen laws, will be found
carefully folded around each bottle, with the
written signature of JOHN L. LYON, without
which none are genuine.
Prepared by DR.. JOHN L. LYON, 1876
Chapel Street, New Haven, Conn.,, who can be
consulted either personally, or by mail, (enclo-
sing stamp concerning all private diseases
and female weakness.-Price 81 so per Bottle.
Sold by Druggists everywhere.
C. G. CLARK & CO.,
Gen1 Agents for U. S. and Canadas.
COLLINS Bios, St. Louis,
FULLER, FINCH 4 FULLER, Chicago,
nov. 23-ly. Wholesale Agents.
White Cloud Kansas chief. [volume] (White Cloud, Kan.) 1857-1872, 1866-08-23

CoNFIDENoE.-"The President is be-
hind u.s." said the rebel Crescent Just be.
fore the New Orleans massacre. "and that
fact ought to inspire us with abundant
confidence" 1t did
With 90 much confidence were rebels
inspired that they shouted for Andy John
son as they mutilsted the corpses OF on-
ion men slaughtered for opposing his
policy"
"Tbe President is behind u.s." shout the
rebels of Missouri. Said one of the reb-
eli papers, the other day, "our State gov
eminent was forced upon Us by the bay
onet; now the bayonets are on the other
side" Union men will understand pre-
cisely what they are to expect from q reb-
81 victory at the polls-or from sn cleo
tion so close that it can possibly be dis.
puted. They will take good care that
Missouri is not put into the hands Of the
Monroes and Hayses of this state. or OK.
posed 10 the development of my policy"
They will protect themselves, and pro-
tect the peace and prosperity of the State.
BY casting a majority so large and over
whelming for the Radical ticket that no.
body will dare to dispute the election or
to resist the popular will-No. Democrat.
White Cloud Kansas chief. [volume] (White Cloud, Kan.) 1857-1872, 1866-08-23
SI,eriT,s Sale.

SheriG's Sale.
The State of Kansas,l
Doniphan County,
In the District Court for Doniphan County,
State of Kansas.
Jonathan Leigh, Plaintiff.
Robert sommers, Defendant.
NOTICE is hereby given. that will. on the
IN 18th day of August, A. d. 1866, between the
hours of ten (l0) O'Clock A. NJ, and four a.
O'Clock P. NJ, of said day. at the Court House
door, in Troy, in Doniphan County, State Of
Kansas, offer for sale, at public auction, the
following described land, to wit. The west
half of the south west quarter of section mum.
Der six, (6) in to nship number three, (3) of
range number twenty, COY in Doniphan Coun.
ty, Kansas. Taken as the property of Robert
Sommers, and offered for sale to the highest
bidder, to satisfy q certain Judgment and costs
now of record, 10 the District Court for Doni-
phan County, in the State Of Kansas, in which
Jonathan Leigh is Plaintiff, and Robert Som
mers is Defendant.
Given under my hand, this 18Th day of July,
A. d. 1866. S-ii z E. G. CRABB,
Sheriff of Douiphan County, Kansas.
July 10, ls66-5w- SAT- Prs fee. 50.
White Cloud Kansas chief. [volume] (White Cloud, Kan.) 1857-1872, 1866-08-23
Republican state Convention.


The Republican voters of Kansss, who
are in favor of keeping traitors ont OF the
Halls of Congress. and of asserting and
maintaioing the rights OF the loyal peo-
pie, through their Representatives in
Congress, to fix and determine the condi-
tons on which States lately in rebellion
shall be permitted to participate in the
Government of the United States. are re-
questea to meet in Delegate Convention.
at Topeks; on
Wednesday. September 5M. 1866.
at IL o'clock. NJ, for the purpose OF pls-
cling in nomination candidates for the fol-
lowing offices
A Governor, Lieutenant Governor,
Secretary OF Stale, Auditor, Treasurer.
Superintendent of Public Instruction,
Attorney General, Chief Justice of the
Supreme Court, and Representative in
Congress; and for the transaction of such
other business as may come before the
Convention. The ratio of representation
will be one Delegate and one Alternate
for each Representative District. Dele.
gates will be elected in the various Dis
tricts. on Saturday. September LIST. 1866.
By order of the Republican State Cen
trail Committee.
SIDNEY CLARKE, Chairman.
w. S. HOAGLAND,
j. G. BURNETT,
S., NJ. STRICKLER,
G. ID. PARK,
D. B. EMMERT,
A. LOW.
j. M. RANKIN,
JACOB STOTLER. Secretary.
White Cloud Kansas chief. [volume] (White Cloud, Kan.) 1857-1872, 1866-08-23
5pefial Notices.
THE KANSAS FARMER.

READER, you ought to take The KANSAS
FARMER, for the following substantial reasons:
LIST. 1t is II Good Paper, ably edited and
neatly printed.
%. 1t is a Cheap Paper, one dollar per
annum.
Sd. 1t is KANSAS PAPER, adapted to
our soil and climate.
4th. 1t II STATE PAPER. Every stray
animal worth $40 or upwards, taken up in any
part of the STATE, is described and advertised
in THE KANSAS FARMER
5th. l. is a Good Advertising Medium
FIR ali strays, blood stock, farming implements,
garden aud field seeds. hardware, nurseries,
and whatever el,e inds a sale among farmers
nay 24-3m.
White Cloud Kansas chief. [volume] (White Cloud, Kan.) 1857-1872, 1866-08-23
District Republican Meeting.

The Republicans of the First Representative
District, (lowa Township will meet at Iowa
Point, on Saturday, September LIST, 1866, to
appoint Delegate and an Alternate to the
Republican State Convention, which meets
at Topeka. September 9th, as directed by the
State Central Committee.
Measures will also be taken, at the same time
aud place, to organize the party in the Town
ship. All persons embraced within the terms
of the call of the State Central Committee. are
invited to attend and participate.
Meeting at Q O'Clock, p NJ.
MANY REPUBLICANS.
White Cloud Kansas chief. [volume] (White Cloud, Kan.) 1857-1872, 1866-08-23
LUMBER!
SAW MILL AT IOWA POINT!

I HAVE purchased the entire interest in the
l. Saw Mill of Nisbet & Thomas, on the Lee
wee, in Iowa Point, and have had it overhauled
and put in thorough repair BY practical ma
chinist. The Mill is one of the best in the
country, and is run BY experienced workmen.
The people of the surrounding country can now
obtain, at all times, FENCING, BUILDING,
and every other description Of LUMBER
also LATH, in any quantity. All bills filled
at short notice. Bring in your orders.
S. F. NISBET.
Iowa Point, Aug. %, 1861.
White Cloud Kansas chief. [volume] (White Cloud, Kan.) 1857-1872, 1866-08-23
We clip the following paragraph from
the Chicsgo Journsl:

we clip the following paragraph from
the Chicsgo Journsl:
The Hon. Clement L. Vallandigham,
one of the most eminent and illustrious of
the delegation to the Philadelphia Bread.
and Butter Convention, made the signifi
cant remark to friend of ours. the 9th.
er day, that ''the only question now up
was whether the whale would swallow
Jonsh or Jonah the whsIe-that is,
whether the great Democratic party
would swallow the handful of johnson
men or whether the handful of johnson
men would swallow the Democratic par.
ty. For my part" seid the Ohio dele.
gate. Il have no fears or doubts as to
which will do the swallowing at Phila-
delphis."
Well. in either event, which will be
the emetic. and which the vomit9
White Cloud Kansas chief. [volume] (White Cloud, Kan.) 1857-1872, 1866-08-23
Militia PAYMENT.

T WILL be in Troy, Douiphan County, Kan
l. sas, September 18th and l4th, 1866, to pay
the Sd Reg, ID Brig, N. D. X. S. NJ, for SER
vice under Col. Cyrus Leland, from October
18th, 1861, to the Goth day of January, 1862;
also, those of the ID Regt. not previously paid,
who were on duty at Elwood, from September
25th, 1861 to October 29th. 1861. All parties
entitled to pay, must be there in person or by
a legally authorized agent, to sign the rolls
and receive payment.
JOHN K. RANKIN,
Aug. l6, 1861. Paymaster General.
White Cloud Kansas chief. [volume] (White Cloud, Kan.) 1857-1872, 1866-08-23
Order of PubIication.

Order of Publication.
In the District Court of the Second Judicial
District of the State of Kansas, sitting with
in and for the County of Doniphan, for the
trial Of causes arising under the laws of said
State.
vs.. : Petition Tor Divorce.
LII. Morris. Def't.
rNHE plaintiff in this action filed her affida-
l. Wit, that the whereabouts of said defend
ant is entirely unknown to the said plaintiff,
and she wishes to obtain service on the said
defendant by publication: it is therefore order
ed BY the Clerk of said Court, in vacation, that
the said defendant, I. II. Morris, be notified, by
publication being made in the "White Cloud
Chief" weekly newspaper, published in the
County of Doniphan, and State of Kansas, DUR
ing six successive weeks, of the tendency of
vorce from the bonds of matrimony catered in
to bv plaintiff and defendant, the said plaintiff
having been willfuily absent for more than one
year last past, without any cause or justification
therefor on the part of the said plaintiff; and
that unless he plead, answer or demur to the
plaintiffs petition against him filed in said
Court. on or before the 22d day of August, A.
D. 1866, said petition will be taken as true and
confessed, and judgment rendered accordingly.
In testimony whereof, ] have hereunto set
my hand, and affixed the seal of said Court, at
my office, in the city Of Troy, this 18th day Of
June, A. D. 1866.
P. NJ. STURGIS, Clerk.
By SrrrHEN BRowNELL, Deputy Clerk.
June 81, ls66-7w. Prs fee, SIS.
White Cloud Kansas chief. [volume] (White Cloud, Kan.) 1857-1872, 1866-08-23
AmaIgam Bells,
Amalgam Bells,
AmaIgan Bells

For Churches, Schools, Plantations,
Farms, Factories, etc.
The Original and Best Cheap Bell
ever Manufactured.
Their use throughout the United
States, Canada, Mexico and South
America, for the past ten years, has
proven them to combine most valua-
bic qualities, among which are TONE.
sosoRousxEss, and DURABILITY of VI
BRATI0s.
List Of Bells sl,sys on hand, Nth
pastieuiars Gs to Weight, Size,
Price Of Bell Hangings, &c.
White Cloud Kansas chief. [volume] (White Cloud, Kan.) 1857-1872, 1866-08-23
Order of Publication.

OfUeF Oh k'uDI1c0t10ns
In The District Court of the Second Judicial
District of the State of Kansas, sitting with
in and for the County of Doniphan, for the
trial of causes arising under the laws Of said
State.
Nancy E: Rice Pre- p.,,,,o, =. n,-
Nelson Rice, Delft.
TNHE plaintiff in this action filed her afida-
i Wit, that the whereabouts of said defend
ant is entirely unknown to the said plaintiff,
and she wishes to obtain a service on the said
defendant by publication: it is therefore order
ed BY the Clerk of said Court, in vacation, that
the said defendant, Nelson Rice, be notified, BY
publication being made in the White Cloud
Chief" weekly newspaper published in the
County of Doniphan, and State of Kansas, du-
ring six consecutive weeks, of the pendency of
this suit, the object of which is to obtain d.
vorce from the bonds of matrimony entered in
to by plaintiff and defendant. the said defendant
having been willfully absent for more than one
year last past, without any cause or justification
therefor on the part of the said plaintiff; and
that unless he plead, answer or demur to the
plaintiffs petition against him fled in said
Court. on or before the 22d day of August, A.
D. 1866, said petition will be taken as true and
confessed, and judgment rendered accordingly.
In testimony whereof, I have hereunto set
my hand, and affixed the seal Of said Court, at
my Office, in the city of Troy, this 18th day of
June, A. D. 1866.
P. NJ. STURGIS. Clerk.
By SrKrHEs BRowSELL, Deputy Clerk.
June 81, ls66-7u. Prs fee, SIS.
White Cloud Kansas chief. [volume] (White Cloud, Kan.) 1857-1872, 1866-08-23
MANY REPUBLICANS


There will be NJ. E. Camp Meeting held
at John Belk's grove, on Walnut Greek, four
miles north of Hiawatha, Brown County, Kan
sas, commencing Thursday, October 4th, 1866
N. TITCOMB, Pastor.
White Cloud Kansas chief. [volume] (White Cloud, Kan.) 1857-1872, 1866-08-23
Caution.

A LII persons are hereby forbidden to trust
n my wife. Mary O'Donnell, (maideL name.
Mary Taylor,) on my account, for | shall not
paw any of her contracts, from this day for
wnrd. JOHN S. O'DONNELL.
August l6 lS66-3w.
White Cloud Kansas chief. [volume] (White Cloud, Kan.) 1857-1872, 1866-08-23
These Mighty Healers, World Known and
World Tried, are a Boon to the Sick.
Disorders Of the Stomach

Are the sources Of the deadliest maladles
Their effect is to vitiate all the fluids Of the
body. and to send poisoned stream through
all the channels of circulation. Now, what 10
the operation of the Pills7 They cleanse the
bowels, regulate the liver, bring the relaxed or
irritated stomach into natural condition. and,
acting through the secretive organs UroN THE
BLOOD ITSELF, change the state of the system.
from sickness to health, by exercising stimuli
taneous and wholesome effect upon all its parts
and functions
White Cloud Kansas chief. [volume] (White Cloud, Kan.) 1857-1872, 1866-08-23
Wheat Wanted.

WILL pay the highest market price, in
l. Cash. for Wheat, delivered in White Cloud.
Aug. %, 1861. J w. MOORE.
White Cloud Kansas chief. [volume] (White Cloud, Kan.) 1857-1872, 1866-08-23
Caution

II the reader Of this notice" cannot get .
box Of Pills or Ointment from the drug store In
bis place, let him write to me, enclosing the
amount, and will mail box free of expense.
Many dealers will not keep my medicines on
hand, because they cannot make as much pro.
ft Is on other persons make.
None are genuine unless the words HOLE.
,rsy, Nep York and London" are disceru;ble
as Watr-ma,E in every leaf Of the book Of
directions around each box; the sams nay bs
plainly seen BY holding the leaf to tie light. A
handsome reward win be given to any one rem.
dering such information - may lad. TO- the
detection Of any party or parties counterfeiting
the medicines or vending the same, knowing
them 10 be spurious
sss6oid ct the mandatory Of Professor
HOLLOWAY, 50 Maijen Lane, New York,
and BY Ill respectable Druggists and Dealers
in Medicine throughout the United Ststes and
the civilized world, in boxes, at IS cents, 90
cents, and $40 each.
%, There IL considerable saving BY tskips
the larger sizes. Nova 6t-ly.
White Cloud Kansas chief. [volume] (White Cloud, Kan.) 1857-1872, 1866-08-23
Woman, in all her Difficulties.

Is invited to test the regulating and restora-.
tive powers of this harmless but effective pre-.
paration. At the two epochs of life in which
the female system undergoes the most ipppr-
sant and critical changes, the Pills will prove
positive safeguard against evil consequences.
They are also confidently recommended as
specific in every disorder to which females ne
exclusively subject.