, 1866-01-29

t.' decnsed, and eesss II ,sst co,nron5se its
tsele.. 1hezs 4 no sound btsis % for sue6
ip50is'sf + pe0ig I!1sd s .s5, ,,oas Bsass ra,sR
como aud pfoscuoz i. only secured G'0 When % t1e
gsods are kept ont; 1ou get no revenue, eIcepfas
eS yoa os 4nss 4qrss H. I1a get iis proeo9
" opposite md fnrompasinae; oce csnnot .atio7-
~ combine thsa 4 raEenne tal1tf with tncidea,A
moss,1on r. @ i e9lee5s9 nst it my b. add ttal
FeEndon. VIII rs1se The pkiee Of the fo:cisn artt-
e9e, ana Tins enable The home ruanunc1urer TO 70
nment ene ens a., ssme price III, tzue But The CO.
7xs 70 oe a Rfa e Spop saa sl tne pay
aMMa N troa Gaf tie 7FsdsxTy 1s1s Fsssire gktls.
That Il 10 destub1e way Of laiains revenue.
I +, co,,a.ll 1nM -. ukfAsohAnLs TO LAno1 nsvrsos.
= }oilows that the principles on which Eeeanue
!Snn sno1la Be framed arc Tety different from those
tna. should rule IN protective Tariff. Il thsob]ect
es enus, The duties should BE- low 20 aino. 70
pstoet; Low duties On Ill .inpatts, sIs eseep Msh-
paeed Injuries, which are used only by tie nch,
I'D a.; which nay be .a1ed hes!itJ wih6us dieoursz:
seEregste resenne. The rtason fox tbs ls that go
osss; each notzontal section Of Il u morc s1tend
Der o. those abe to purchase an st0cie a. fve dol
ttsfr. more than twice a. numerous thtse able
70 purchase 1t at ten; and those who Fe able
Ten o11 !. a. :. oqs aos r. probably ns than ha
it At ave doliais Taxing lie of6dal list
81 neonea for the year 1854 In the Tenth District
& @ s ~ T. q cd Il. one town q ~ ~
thEre oVer *3o, ,00o, eeven oyer $4,000, n1e over
xl0,e00 thirteen over 5000, twepty-ultc over
ill., heleos sRd oa s3e eTs ! s ?:
within the reach Of .m0ch wider c'rcleof con-
sume1s; and fnr many to pay low duty is better
t9F sne TsEe1ue M thsa for tew 70 p.ya h duty
" experience; bat Alexander Hamilton, 1eng ago,
" one ot the papers Of The FedratuG called a.ten
Ton to Ibis connection. that large mulhpler will
cand Is also factor.
A. between foreign nations, an fntcgssins crperi-
ment L. now going forward under the treaty OF COM
mesce between France and England IN 1861, this
principle Of low dnues was embodied IN the mutual
tariffs two na1tons ind the resultsthua IA de-
lighted The friends and confounded the enemies oEa
nee commerce Not only has the amount Of com
mod1tes exchanged prodlgioualy increased, hut the
lnefeRte sreye1ue for England On the Imports from,
etanfs ior the at .eree months Of Tho pew system,
nas IL 43 001; md the increase for France on lit
tmpoEts from England tot the came thrce months,
$7,ss2,M Thus do facts correborate principles
auo haXe Us sure MAT We sland upon the rock.
THE THEoRr OF rnEs TRADE
]. Now, to answer some objections One of the
most common ot these has been that nee trrdt fs
thsosy nns r.; III Is ~ ye vel II theory oqt 1t Win
S.Sx nol woIk y a. Z there could be good
not wozf IN p1acee Is I'D theory h.s III Is
the very way We determine whether theory i, pood
orb o. 6ad. d.. Does It eore.po9d with facts1does 1t
dcmned. tt is worthless. There Is paipahIe eoph-
Ism n this e. expression, =" Good IN theory, bad In
Bessass eose1Ras M @as1 iii th thso s3,es sGes
this ground. and no olhes. II = man objects TO my
thSsS6y Let a nns hsts pnsspe any sa
but don't let him delude himteu and ohera by sup.
posing that he can coneedc the theory 10 b good,
and then save himself on the practtce. A theory u
FAdson.
There baye been 80 msuy unfonnded theories
ntoached On AZ subjects that the Term has failen
theoty; bnt there Is nohtng in The world mora Re-
,.d aaan co1d theory proved By solid asru
Of being, 4 theory falls With far greaier force
eea!nst The doctrine Of protection than against sfc
no9'I'ne 81 freedom FEee trade can hard1y be said
things. Hyoa' ind wish to exchange coumodi.
ties foF our mutnal benent, there is 10 theory or
doensae IN tae premises; Ee eIshange, and that Is
Mishts to exchange hts dried cod with West IN
dla sugnr planter and the trade ia mutually Dened-
cac6 Is richer lkan before, md .hal i ths Wheis
II now, some one eteps In between you and me-,
o. e1*sen .S The e hs5an AZ and he pan;e. and
reason Why. The burden Hes upon him. Let bin
bring forward his theory Of reAlncfons md lustIfy
It. Il ~ hsas The arguments and rec the grounds
t1ade: You rec he burden Of TIC psoof liea upon
ne advocate q restteton II Is the advocate of
e. ns1 u tat assfs u ,hsG Which interrupts
w1Ah to trade, 3" Ton ehall NOT t.ader' Commefre
is 70 game Of grab, Of iraud, Of oyer.reschinc,
heb r. benefit an's ass r 1eeipEo and mutual oherse
navigating intereste and the gains Of the merchants
ase bu. .ve,y En.ll pan Of tae benca,s Of con-.
forts which esezy commercial nation enjoys BY e.
changing It's own snsplus products for The surplus
products Of III. neighbours the substantial adTau-
taee q tEade. When now this beneficial interchange
thrown down, wonld be going forward, who IA ho
that takes y upon him to curtAi1 and prohibit III
Mhe i5s n9 tn1s think hm. 70 ~
It 10 conceded By everybody that ftee exchange
Of commodities within ihe same country is highly
ss srn 2 e
mutual benedt OF N exchange depend upou the ac-
cdent that the parties to II citizens or subjects
o. ne sa1ne govern1ncntt The south end Of Yer
neighbors acuss the line in Massachusetts; Is there
any good reason Why this north end OF Vermont
s1a1d q. not t5.de 5ust As neeIy I'D
ntc questions which tho theory OF protection can.
not satisfactorily answez.
TIE 1u0DEAH or wA0Es
(2) A second current objection H. that II re nd-
labor Of fioIcfgner1, and 70 ar diminfsh ihs wages
Of our oWn hbosers. Let rs zee II ibis Il 30.
labor: Do we, ,hen. py buying them Employ foreign
labor, 10 tho prejudice OF cur own .hborefsi We
s5s Sel'Gea to psy ior s,eryt9isE we
Of our own Labor. We employ onf own labore1 to
produce .he arlclea which we ekchsnge ioF foreign
Ssy = s cd gGs, San. Z sso e.
only possible way for rs to obtain The rcsults Of
foreign toi j. 70 otlcs In exchange tie results Of
domestic tolL A commercial nation, therefore, not
apiy does rot but Il eannot employ foreign i.bor
The more It buys OF torcisners, The more home
labor 1t must employ 10 create the articles wt1h
Ser la, tSe e1pc1's, s.5e he yeass a'i tose'se1
must and do balance tho lmports. Free Trade,
therefore, en- ~ no possibility discourage home
matte. Of facs laber Is best rewarded, oher hings
being eqpa. IN The ftccet commercial COUNTRIES,
Il t. imRqrsan. thoroughly to dsaonsh this ob;
of The advocates oi Protection. Apsoteclire tariff
may stimulate certain branch Of manufacture,
may concenrse capital in IT. 1naJ call hboEers into
laborers- But epmpetitnn will ye.J speedily 70.
duee wages In thai department TO- the average level
IN other departments and unless It csu be- shown
OF country, that fund which Is set apart for the
payment Of labot-lt Is tn yain to cla that II can
Increase ne general wages ot abor, CspItal and
p1oJment to another By arh1ctaI attmulus, hut Is
there 1ny general Eatn in that! While the one Is
stimulated, ls not tho other depsessedf The gen.
esal level Of The ocean not ralsed, however 6gh
Now how can the nee Interchange Of comnoal.
ties let,en Ihs demand Ior labor the rewzrds oi
labotf fou afe employing one hundred men. You
with to obtain ceTtain quantity Of cutlery. Does
1t make any difference to you Or to the wages oi
sps s 6e es 'oa ia s buon, 5 Il
which you can pufrhase The Gallery from abroad
IT, ny employing Them In making buttons sou czn
9o.s md 6ee5 e1, e ana yoa
not plain reason ths 1t /. better for you, and thai
Jon can afford TO pay them better xagss than you
lei This Is but IN instance. bat II involves the
principle. There L, there can be 10 discourage
nent TO domestic labor In the freest International
employment Of domestic hbor to aeate that With
which the purchase Ia maze thereby en1arrfng ths
demand for laborrt4, and thus tending to neTeaae
the inverse Of that alleged In he objection bccauss
tic varied objects Of uae and elegance offered tc
our deeiree bJ international commerce, stimulate
We know how 10 an.wcr those who say, that il We
should trade freely, With Enrlsnd. for example,, We
should bring down wages in this country to The
Ing Of The pt1nciples inst explained. and othest
equally eonclus1ve, that combine 10 scout Il, ,he
question. We have tfaded Win England for eighty
year., l1rgf]y. INCREASINGLY, and from 1915 to 1851
almost freely. and yet wnxes hive been constantly
Ii Aulel1Cn1 HGftE 3lVuu III lkuEE
than when the Morrill, Thrift Was passed IN 1861.
AMERICAN xANrrAcruRE.
An objection much urged by Ar. Carey, and
othets - that the United States, without the aid O
protective dntles, Will be confined to agricultural
pursuits, and no diversity Of onployments, so ea
the truthfa. diversity q empioyments is rooted il
human nature, and the crcuns .ances amid which
God has placed men, and 10 far IL 1t from law being
necessary 10 ioster this diveralty thnt law is power
Ices 10 prevent It, While we were colonies Of GEca
Britain the 1aws were Eery strict agalnst domestic
manufacturing Of alrnott Ill kinds and yet long be-
fore the revolution, the various branches Of manu-
lactrre were introduced md prosecuted III spite o.
1he laws; cloth1e1s, mills went mp along the noun
| tain streams; wool nEd WOODEN were exported tC
| The Wcxt Icdfts and elsewhere; Iron was smelted
md rolled, md slit and platied, md the uanufac
tnre OF steel vas attempted and the gems Of many
6iye!ee emploJments were expanding, notsith
istclf called On TO pass laws again and aca1n
,hiIfnr fnef nctt11tie8 fhehH 1Ncinlfu