davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Alexandria gazette. [volume] (Alexandria, D.C.) 1834-1974, 1866-06-08
|, G. STA FFORD,
AUCTI0NEEH,
\ o. 81, KING STREET,

-. o. %, KING STREET., -
Between Water and Fairfax Streets,
+, Will give his personal attention to the sale Of
Real Estate, Household Furniture ut the resi-
dencc of families declining housekeeping TAlso?
to the sale Of stocks of Groceries and Mcrehan
disc of every description, Horses Carriages,
Harness; &c. OI1fjE. &UiG&fj1 4.
: 49, Sale of Furniture, Glass and Crockery
Ware, Boots, Shoes and Clothing at AUCTION
every TUESDAY, THURSDAY snd SAL 4
DAY MORNINGS, commencing at 10 o CLOCK
a. m. Consignments solicited. :, -.
-, ~otI..t'.....s III II j. G.. STAFFORD,
my l5-3w t.e.l-l.... :. aAIctlohecr:
Alexandria gazette. [volume] (Alexandria, D.C.) 1834-1974, 1866-06-08

White Linen Suits-just the thing for this
weather, to make one feel cool and comforta-
ble-cheap at Dealham S, who can furnish you
with anything in the clothing line. It
Alexandria gazette. [volume] (Alexandria, D.C.) 1834-1974, 1866-06-08

GLORIOUS NEWS .EAJOG
VI GOODS AT OLD PRICES AGAIN !
I have just returned with asplendid stock of
LADIES' DRESS GOODS.
Beautiful Fancy, Calico 1Oand 124 cts, Notified
and Embossed Grenadines much below former
prices Mozambiques, beautiful styles; striped
Silk Grenadines ); beautiful Printed Organizes;
beautiful stock Of -. Il
GENTS AND BOYS SUMMER HATS
GENTS AND LADIES' SHOES.
All these Goods will be sold at astonishingly
low prices, by L. A. LARklN.
my 14-eo5t .''.'.i .-'',9 80 III
Alexandria gazette. [volume] (Alexandria, D.C.) 1834-1974, 1866-06-08

.EMARKS.-T market continues quiet
md receipts of -four and grain are limited
Flour mas sustained an advance of 50 cts. on
.,,diurn and high grades during the week. The
accepts of wheat have been light, and prices
re act materially altered. Corn is in fair re-
,eipt and fair demand. Groceries and provis-
cas- are quiet and unchanged. Butter is I'M
changed. Eggs arc higher. Wool is in good
err.nc, 1t 26a39 for unwashed and washed.
Alexandria gazette. [volume] (Alexandria, D.C.) 1834-1974, 1866-06-08
Z: 4 Rim II LIST.
Ora OF ALEXANDRIA-JUNE8.
SAILED.

:t3s ms,Aio George Il. Stout Ford, NeTy York,
y ~. Gld:idge S Co.
Jclc :rnenaha, Franks, BaltiD'.ore, by W.
l.. G.noCt.
Alexandria gazette. [volume] (Alexandria, D.C.) 1834-1974, 1866-06-08
MARRIED.

At the NJ E. Church, Amssville. on the 3Olh
ult, by the Rev Mr. Grazbill. Mr.; JAMES
GREEN, to Miss LIMA C., HOPPER: both OF
Washing ton, Rappahannock CO., Va.
Alexandria gazette. [volume] (Alexandria, D.C.) 1834-1974, 1866-06-08
DIED.

On the 22d Of May, in Orange co.. at the resi-
dence of her father, DR.. D. Pannill, Miss NJ AIRY
NJ. PkNNILL. She was a lady of refinement
and intelligence. ....--- - -
Alexandria gazette. [volume] (Alexandria, D.C.) 1834-1974, 1866-06-08
: .Upperville, my I9-cots
NRGE SALE OF FURNITURE.

4 -
The undersigned will offer. Tor sale at Public
A urtlon, undcrthe control Of Jas. A. glisE,
Alexandria gazette. [volume] (Alexandria, D.C.) 1834-1974, 1866-06-08

,a = ,occj vent for the FIRE INSURANCE CON-
,.,Sv Of Alexandria, to solicit and receive fap-
Elections for insurance. He may be found at
lie Store OF z. j. Miller, No. g. King ST. Alex
onCrS my %
Alexandria gazette. [volume] (Alexandria, D.C.) 1834-1974, 1866-06-08

"a TEN VALUABLE HOUSES FoR
Ezzii1 SALE-l offer for sale ten desirable houses
and lots, adjoining each other, situated on the
east side Of Washington street. Immediately
north Of the Cotton Factory, in the block known
as .Scotts Row. Price and terms made
known upon application. 80 -
,,1 w. G. YEATON, Attorney for owner.
ap Eft Office-No 10, north st. Asaph ST.
Alexandria gazette. [volume] (Alexandria, D.C.) 1834-1974, 1866-06-08

COMMISSIONERS SALE OF REAL ES-
u TATE.-By authority Of g decree of the
Circuit Court of Alexandria County, pronoun~
ced at the May term of said Court, 1866 IL tie
Sriith,aD others--the undersigned appointed
by the said Court Commissio11er to sell The
Real Estate in the hllland proceedings mentor
ed, win sell on SATURDAY, the seventh de-,
(Tth) of July next in front of the premises, 81
il o'clock, II lot Of ground with: the improve
ments thereon, Situated on Cameron street, be-
tween Henry and Fayette streets, and bounaea
qas follows Ninety three feet five inches west c;
Henry street on therso uth side Of Cameron stree
thence south one hundred. feet parallel With
Henry street an open Gours$o by 40 feet st
Cameron street fifteen feet-thence north ane
parallel with Henry street 100 sfeet-thence OF
Cameron street fifteen feet to the beginning: :
y, Terms:-Onc-t tenth of the purchase money ::
cash; the residue in three equal instaments e,
six, twelve aid eighteen months respectiyyeiy-
with interest from day Of sale-the deferred p:-
ments to be secured by the bonds of the purca:
scr with satisfactory security, and the title &c y
re!aineduuntil the whole purchase money IS 2elo
Re- Cts VIM. 3. PRICE, Commissioner,
Alexandria gazette. [volume] (Alexandria, D.C.) 1834-1974, 1866-06-08
d Alnasellle,1fs.t.Ho.
THE GREAT YsN4eN GIFT CONCERT

4
TO BE DRAWN AT
GROWERS "THEAFRE, 'WAsHTN6FoS,,,
WEnNESD aYgJULY7 u.s. 1866.
Number of Tickets Issued, 1250o0 Price 81
SO, oo5 VALUABLE + GIFTS, WORTH s123s,i
29l' W q4ak5R93 7Hof;5 g RRE; TO
This is the creates; iinducenent ever offered to
the pnblc one ticket cat of every four drawing
~ LIST OF GIFTS. -
Gift in Greehbacts.' .....Slo, ot OO
in 7-so U" S! Bonds. $1,000. 5'0o5
z 'SH0Ae { 80. COO
4, eco Gifts in Greenbacks, 81 each. ....... 1900
Three story Brick ouse on Sd street 4
east between Massachusetts avenue
" t ana T D. $500
Fine Lot adjoining the above resi- CO..
dencce north, 40 feet front by 20
deep TO an salleN.........-...-.::.:.1;;.2 GU
Nine Square Grand Pianosat $500 EACH Me
lodeons at $40 EACH 80 Gents Gold Watches at
each, 10 Ladies' Diamond Watch es ut l25each,
% American Hunting-case Watches at $75 each
40 Sewing Machines, from $50 to SlG0 each.3 ~
Silver. plated Ie;. Sets at $75 each, 10 Silver
Casters at Sio eacn UUU Albums from y. ~ Ply
each $50 Cola Rings from S. to $40 each, =, cog
Gold Pens, in boxes at SO; each, 5000 Gold-llned
Goblets and Cups at 81 each; 1000 Pair Gents,
Gold Sleeve Buttons, from 81 to IS each, 9Gto
Clocks, Books, Cutlery, &c :, from 81 to s. each;
in all 10000 gifts, the total value OF which Is
S123,29l. - - II
The drawing will take place after the Concert
on the stage Of tie Theatre, where 1900 persons
can witness it. a committee will be appointed
by the audience to superintend. the same All
purchasers and agents will be supplied with COR
rect lists of drawing us soonas published. Par
ties holding tickets will retain them until after
the drawing, and if their mum Der appears in.the
list OF drawn numbers they will. forwartslhcir
ticket Immediately, with full directions sas to
the shipping of goods or monies Tickets for
sale at the principal hotels, book and music
stores in the city, and at our office 346, Penn
sylyani4 avenue, between 9Th and 7th streets. :
Price 81. - ~: ;1y-2- ~. ....I..Lh
Good and reliable agents wanted in every, city,
town and village in the United States to whom
great inducements are offered, References re-
quired -. y -
:. Any party procuring a club Of five or more
names for tickets, and forwarding us the money
for the same, will be allowed the following com
missions viz: .ti' 80 e@>.t.!' f..-s = - ;! sil
Alexandria gazette. [volume] (Alexandria, D.C.) 1834-1974, 1866-06-08

lVNAHM NEAR UPPERVILLE, Va, =:
X PRIVATE SALE.-By authority OF q dc;
cree of the Circuit, Court of Loudoun, rendered
in the suit of Gibson VS.. Gibson, we will sell q
private sale, thc Farm known Of "Fernue." be
fonging to the estate of the late Mahlon Glcso..
This farm is in Loudoun county: Va, one-Gnt.
a-laf miles from Upperville, in one OF the ines
portions of the State on the Turnpike tWent,'
miles from Winchester, and seven from the T.:
g r. r.. Itcontains about Three Hundred enc
Fourteen A ores, has on it a convenient ano sue
.stantial Stone Dwelling, with out buildings ~
and other improvements; there are GO acres zs:t
of. good timber on it. besides Meadows and Up.
Land. The farm is in good der and condition,
wthgood- fencing. mot sold at private sale
before that day, it will be sold at public SALE, &c
the highest bidder, on SATURDAY, June 81,
1866, about noon, before the store house former
ly occupied by Wm. a. Stephenson, in Dppe?-
ville.4G5l..E.- iocs,a .o,.,,s ,iaa
iTerms-One-tenth cash. Of the residue: enc
fourth on confirmation of sale, one-tourtE =.
six months one-fourth in twelve months. acc
ore fourth in eighteen months from day, o. sfla
The purchaser to give bond and personal secp.-
ity for deferred payments, with interest eio''
day Of sale, Title to be withheld as furthe' S.
curly. 7 5.J@. rs .l1,. ::
B. Gibson on the premises, will give any q"
-, JOHN ii. OAR, Leesbutg,
~. BRUCE GIBSON, II erlGe,"
Commissioners 81 Sci
H., IJpperylle nv l9-cots -'-."
Alexandria gazette. [volume] (Alexandria, D.C.) 1834-1974, 1866-06-08

CT.TOES.-2OO Bushels of superior New
Jersey Peach Bloom, in the store and tor
sic D.. NATHANIEL BOUSH s co.
Alexandria gazette. [volume] (Alexandria, D.C.) 1834-1974, 1866-06-08

II I-r!TED, all persons declining houSekeep-
Z! :agto know that am paying the hlgh 4 s.
.. sh price for HOUSEHOLD AMI hlICHEN
=? J 2NITJkE. Apply at No 50, King street.
~ IooT from Fairfax Street my Tim
Alexandria gazette. [volume] (Alexandria, D.C.) 1834-1974, 1866-06-08

Corporation Of Alexandria, SO inactive. O.
: e T. Z. Bonds, last sales 60-dull Manas-
RS Gap r, r. Bonds, and Water Stock, no re-
cent safes. 81. ...t 81 ,-'5-'.<-
Alexandria gazette. [volume] (Alexandria, D.C.) 1834-1974, 1866-06-08

)CEpC, on reasonable terms; at MRS.
EECCTOR'S, No. 81, Prince ST. between
.Hfii?a:. and Water, for several gentlemen, or q
an.l.na q and his wife. Je DIV
Alexandria gazette. [volume] (Alexandria, D.C.) 1834-1974, 1866-06-08

~ EAL ESTATE At AUCTION.--Unc
1 T. authority OF Z deed Of trust from Inomfc
.kell and others, to the undersigned, as trustee,
dated the first lay Of September, 1915, which i:
duly of record in the Clerks office Hf the Coun:
ty Court of Alexandria County, Va, ! :h""
proceed, on SATURDAY, the 9th day Of 'rre
i9jti. at II O'Clock H., to otfer at public sH'3
-FOUR UNDIVIDED SIN PARIS, OF :.
LOT OF GROUND. in the City of Alexand4i
With the buildings ard improvements Thereon
situated on tho north side OF King street, 70 49,
eastward of Water street, and now occup'e ed b
John II. Monroe-the boundaries of whlca *:.r
ground will BIO more parlic ulariy mentioned =,
the time and place o. sale, with the righ' &c
way over al alley called Fayctteal!ey, bounc-
inr the said on the north as appurteuantt horcoc
ferns If Sale Cash. ConveyancnS "n;
.. ~ - - 80 FRANCIS l.. SMIrE,
n 1-1ow.c TRUSTS.
Alexandria gazette. [volume] (Alexandria, D.C.) 1834-1974, 1866-06-08
TUESDAY, JUNE l2th, 1866,

ali the FURNITURE and FIXTURES OF iAo
GITIHOTEL, Alexandria, Va, comprising :.
general assortment Of all kinds of FurnituI5
and Mahogany Frame Looking Glasses, Sofas:
Feather Beds, Curled Hairfi -Husk, Straw and
Cotton Mattresses, Feather Bou!sters and Pill
lows Carpets, Blankets, Quilts. Bedspreads,
Sheets Bedsteads, Bureaus, Wardrobcs, Tables
Knives, Forks, Spoons, &c, a large number O.
office and chamber stoves, together with gen.
cral assortment of Kitchen Furniture:
ono superior ROSE WOOD PIANO, Chick.
erng's make and one FlRE-PROOF SAFE.
Also. the unexpired lease of the present occr-
pant which lease can be extended live years. J.
desired b. the purchaser. Terms Cash
T. nv 2S-eots ROBT. NJ. MCCLURE.
Alexandria gazette. [volume] (Alexandria, D.C.) 1834-1974, 1866-06-08
MERCHANTS

JAMES W. MALLS. r1-qf,a... IEo'. E ED
TAMES w. MALLS & CO., rg.y 81;
Alexandria gazette. [volume] (Alexandria, D.C.) 1834-1974, 1866-06-08

:, JTTRR-Fresh Mountain Butter for sale by
= Fey 2-2w GEO. WASHINGTON.
Alexandria gazette. [volume] (Alexandria, D.C.) 1834-1974, 1866-06-08
: NoNEgARY Dc .G0lNMERC7AL. I.
= ere is a continued stringency in the money

; ,r,zet. and but little enquiry for securities
e;3E:ee transactions in Southern Bank Notes, es-
,csiy the notes Of the banks of this State, /
inch may be quoted at the figures given below.
Alexandria gazette. [volume] (Alexandria, D.C.) 1834-1974, 1866-06-08

d LASTEE.
We keep constantly on hand Fresh
' 'S'''>' ''''S' >>'i KNOX s. SMITH, p
NH 13-2m No 26 King street
Alexandria gazette. [volume] (Alexandria, D.C.) 1834-1974, 1866-06-08

This is the creates: Indrccfnent ever offered to
he public, one ticket oatsof every four drawing
Alexandria gazette. [volume] (Alexandria, D.C.) 1834-1974, 1866-06-08

: I.,.-Daily expected per schooner "Ae i;
- ,,oi:h,"c cargo of LIVERPOOL SALT,
- "a r. A. BREWIS Sc co.
Alexandria gazette. [volume] (Alexandria, D.C.) 1834-1974, 1866-06-08
BY JOHN n. PARROT, AUCTIONEER

.iNarrenton, VA, .ieS.td aaHEa. q II. :.
Alexandria gazette. [volume] (Alexandria, D.C.) 1834-1974, 1866-06-08

,>.yGS HOUSE SYRUP.-20 bbls. Chesa-
y oa3,,e Companys Syrup on hand and for
cel-,; HOOE s. WEDDERBUKN,
i.i-c-, Foot Of Prince street.
The Portland daily press. [volume] (Portland, Me.) 1862-1921, 1866-05-12

Section provides that officers whose terms
are fixed by law shall not be removed by the
President alone, prior to the expiration of
their terms. If such terms expire during the
recess OF the Senate, the President may fill
the vacancies by appointments having force
until the close OF the next session.
Sectio. 8 provides that officers; holding
their appointment by authority vested IN the
President alone, or the heads of departments
alone. may be removed at the Will OF the ap-
pointing power.
oecuon gives the President anthority 10
suspend officers during the recess, lor lncom-
petency or misconduct, and TO appoint tenn,
pprary substitutes who shall hold office until
thirty DAYS after the beginning of the next
session. The President must lay the facts
before the Senate within ten days after the
Senate conyenes; and if the Senate shall re-
fuse to sustain the removal, prior to the thirty
DAYS aforesaid, the suspended officer shall re-
sumo his Office, but shall not be entitled to
compensation during the time OF his sus-
pension. -
oecuon provides that when the Senate
shall refuse to confirm nomination Tor any
expired term, the Office shall remain vacant,
and any officer appointed to fill it shall draw
no salary. In case the Senate fails to take ac-
ton ON such case, the offices ale to remain
vacant on its adjournment. 9fI
Section forbids the reappointment of per-
sons during the recess, whose nominations
have been rejected by the Senate.
Section fol bids appointments during the
recess, except to fill vacancies, occurring dur
ing that recess, by reason of death, resigna-
ton, expiration of term, or other casualty
the vacancy to be construed as happening
when the Executive receives notice OF the
| fact -. E. .-I
The Portland daily press. [volume] (Portland, Me.) 1862-1921, 1866-05-12
"a White Mans Chance. %

A recent copy of the Memphis Post con-
tains the official record of case lately tried
by Justice of the Peace in the county of
Shelby, Tennessee. Laura Edgar. colored
woman, was arrested and brought before one
r. w. Bond, Justice, charged with unlawfuliy
making an assault upon a young man named
Ben Boyd. The witnesses in the case were
the said Ben Boyd and his father, John B
Boyd. We copy the report of their evidence
from the record of the court:
Ben Boyd, being sworn, testifies as follows
Laura is in my employment, and has been
under contract with me since Christmas; has
done but little work under said contract; has
not done more than third labor. / ordered
her to get her mule and go blowing on said Sd
INST. She replied that her feet were sore, and
would not work for me, nor any other man. /
leie her short time. when discovered her
going IN the direction of the new ground,
wnere her husband was at work. / ordered
her TO stop, to come to the house and go IN
bed; she was not able to work: she must NOT
disturb my other hands. She replied that She
would not, that she would 90 v,ora sho
damned please. started to Inherent her and
bring her back. A few hundred Yards r,, 49,, 7
overlook her; took hold of her, She strnct
me two blows with her fist. At this time "a
ther came up, and 1 lefther n his charge and
crossed the fence TO cut limb to fight with !:
returned and told her that if fighting was her
hand to wade in, and she should have white
mans chance. She refused to fight any more,
and gave her sound thrashing, and she re-
turned to the house and lay up for two days,
when she left my house, and l applied to
Squire Bond for warrant to have her ar
rested.
John B. Boyd, sworn, deposeth and said:
Il was going to blowing on the occasion
above referred to, riding mule, and diAcover-
ed Laura crossing the field before me, Ben
Jamm calling to her to come back. She re-
pied that she would never come back to his
mouse again. He soon passed me in pursuit
% ner, overlook her, and when came up she
The Portland daily press. [volume] (Portland, Me.) 1862-1921, 1866-05-12

was striking at him, and he knocking the
blows of. When | dismounted told him to
Let brush, which he did by clossing the fence,
and when he returned he told her that II hight
ing was what she was after to come at MN
again. She made no further RESISTANCE, ana
he gave her a good sound thrashlnS' she
agreed to return to her work. furthermore
this deponent sayeth naught
Sworn to and subscribed before me the day
and date above written. r. w. BOND, J.P.
The court gave judgment for the State for
two dollars and cost of suit, which is two dol
lars and twenty-five cents! sEsAG
The opponents of the Freedmen's Bureau
have constantly assured us that it was thing
wholly unnecessary, as the freedmen could
get justice in the civil courts. This case may
serve as fair Illustration of the lind OF jus
tice they are likely to get there. 1t VIII be
observed that the evidence Of the woman, Ed
gar, was not taken at all; the magistrate de-
cined to do so on the plea that the laws OF
Tennessee did not admit of it. IF she had vi
olated her contract with Boyd by refusing to
work, he could have had recourse to the freed
mems Bureau. Instead OF doing so he took
the remedy into his own hands. He says he
ran after the woman and took hold of her,
when she struck him with her fist. a.e ands
The Post commenting upon the case, very
pithily says: ~
Those who know the style in which old
slave-drivers would take hold of negro in
such a case as Boyd relates, may well imagine
that in his testimony he does not tell the
whole story, when he simply says he "took
hold OF her." The character of his after pro-
ceedinss is suggestive of the style in which he
probably took hold of her before she struck
him. He turns her over to his father to hold
while he procures club, and then this chival-
ric pair proceed to give the sick woman "a
white mans chance" Two men, one of them
armed with club, call upon woman, and a
lame one at that, to "apade in and take Unite
mans chance" He would, with more proprie-
ty, have said, take "nigger wOndn's chance"
and that is just about the chance that ne
gro is likely to have in this country, if such
fellows as Boyd find such magistrates as Bond
to administer law for them. The two Boyds
succeeded in clubbing the poor woman, so as
to lay her up for two days, and then the
brave, chivalrous Boyd Junior, drags the poor
woman, whom he had almost beaten to jel-
ly, before a magistrate as chiva.rous as HIM
self, who listens gravely to the testimony of
the two women-whippers, and then fines the
poor victim four dollars and twenty-five cents.
Yet West Tennessee is claimed to be
thoroughly loyal and law-abiding. If such
things are allowed there, what must be the
condition of the freedmen in less favored
States? 1t would seem that they need a Civ
il Rights bill to be put in force without delay.
The Portland daily press. [volume] (Portland, Me.) 1862-1921, 1866-05-12
sunnlement to the Daily Press.

The supplement which accompanies our
regular edition this morning, contains an in
teresting letter from Russia, by Mr.. josiah
PIERCE, late Secretary of the American Le-
CATION at st. Petersburg; letters from Florida
and Georgia; communications respecting
Ancient Pemaquid, and Tempiar Masonry in
Maine; continuation of ]. G. WIS discus
sion of the legal status of the southern State
governments; a biographical sketch OF Head
Center James Stephens, who has just landed
in New York; an adventurous passage in the
life of Carl Schurz; the recent correspondence
of Mr.. Bancroft and Earl Russell; &c, &c.
The Portland daily press. [volume] (Portland, Me.) 1862-1921, 1866-05-12

dard OF the paper referred to, and to estimate
the probable damage which will result to your
correspondent from gross and malicious at
tack from such quarter.
a The oil business ofthis region-the only in
terest here that is interesting to the people of
the States-continues depressed, though bet
ter prospects are looked forward to- as the
price Of the crude article is advancing. The
yield of the Petrolia oil basin is large and con-
stantly increasing New wells are being
struck almost daily, yielding each from ten to
fifty barrels. 1 learned yesterday that the
Crescent Company's well, No. Z, just put in
good order, is pumping $50 barrels per day
The Lancey well, though not up to its first
Developments, is still "big thing" and at
tracts great deal of interest.
People sometimes say in general way, that
from three to five months are required to sink
WELL am inclined to believe that this de-
ponds upon the locality. Wells here are sunk
fifty feet to the rock, by boring, in two or.
three days, and the drilling of 400 feet in
the rock-the average depth here-is accom-
plished at the rate of from 10 feet to Is feet
per day. The celebrated Hillsdale well, one of
the best in this locality, was put down COM
plete in twenty-eight days. know of one
well the drilling Of which was done 400 feet)
in sixteen working days. The Hope we'll
owned in your city, was contracted for the
7th of March. The engine had to be procur-
ed, the derrick erected, the wood cut and haul
ed, the surface well put down to the rock-51
feet, and on the 10th of April the drill for the
first time touched the rock. 1t is now down
almost 400 feet, and the hole reamed the whole
distance. In less than two weeks have no
doubt it will be pumping satisfactory stream
of oil, as with careful management there is
much less danger oflosing the tools than some
people imagine The iron tools IN the pell,
when drilling, weigh about one thousand
pounds, and are forty feet in length.
know that some parties contrive to work
on their wells for several months, particularly
when to abandon them would be to admit
failure, and thus spoil an expected profitable
speculation. When the time occupied in put
ting down hole is unreasonably long, except
In case of unavoidable accidents, there is room
for the suspicion that, if there is nothing rot
ten in Denmark at least there is no oil in the
rock being penetrated. SPURwINK.s