The Union and journal. [volume] (Biddeford, Me.) 1858-1882, 1866-03-30
BIDDEFORD, MAINE.

ty or IDENTITIES for each person he they may
arrest anl take before any such Commissioner,
with such other fees NJ may be deemed reasonable
by such Commissioner in general tor performing
Snch other duties may he rcquirel IN the prem
ises. All these fees are 10 be paid out oi the
| Treasury of the Unitel States whether there Is
conviction or not, but in case at conyictlon 'hey
are To he recoverable from the defendant. IL
seems to me that under the influence OF such
temptations bad men might convert any law, how
ever beneficial, into an instrument OF persecution
and fraud
BY the eighth section Of the ill Uni,el States
Courts which sit only in one place for white citi
zens, must migrate with the Marshal and District
Attorney. and. necessarily. with the Clerk: AL
though he il not mentioned. Ia any part Of Inc
district upon the order Of the President, aud
there hold n court for the purpose at the more
specly arrest and trial Ut persons charged with
violation 0f this act, aud there the Ju"" AMI "f.
hcers of the court must remain upon the or.ier OF
the President for the time therein designated.
| The ninth section authorizes the President, or
such person as ne may empower for that purpose,
| 10 employ such part uf the land ar naval forces
of the United States or Of the militia rs shall tie
necessary Ia prevent the violation and enforce
the due execution Of this act. This language
seems TO imply permanent military force that Is
always 10 be Mt hand AMI whose only business II
| Ia I've the enforcement OF this measure over the
| vast region where il is intended to operate.
| [ 10 not propose To consider the policy OF THIS
bill. To inc the details of the bill are frausht
with evil The white race and the black race OF
the South have hitherto lived together under the
relation Of master and saye-captal owning Ia
bor Now that relation Is changed, and, ns To
ownership, capital AMI labor are divorced. They
now stand each master of itself. In this new re.
latiOn, one being necessary to the other, there
will he new adjustment, which both are interest
ell in making harmonious. Each has equal pow.
er in settling terms, and IL left to the laws that
regulate capital anil labor, II Is confidently De.
lcycd that they will satisfactorily work out the
problem. Capital, It Is true. has more intelli-
gcnce. but labor Is never 81 ignorant rs not To
understand it, own interests, not to know its own
value, and not To see that capital must pay that
value. The bill illustrates the adjustment. IL IN
terfercs between capital AMI labor, AMI attempts
To settle questions of political economy through
the agency OF numerous officials, whose interest IL
will be tn f,ment discorl between the two races
| For rs the breach widcns their employment VIII
continue, and when II is closed their occupation
will terminate. In all our history, in all our ex,
pericnce rs n people living under Federal AMI
State laws, no such system as that con'cmpa'eu
by the provisions of this bill has ever before been
proposed or adopted. They establish for the Sc
curity of the coored race safeguards which 60
| infinitely beyond any that the General Govern
mcnt has ever provided for the white race. In
fact. the distinction OF race and color Is by The
\ hill male Ia operate in favor Of the colored anu
against the white race. They interfere with the
municipal regulations Of the State, with the rcla-
tiOns existing exclusively between State and Its
citizens or between the Inhabitants If the same
State; an absorption and assumption OF power by
the General Government, which. II acqnicsced in.
must SIP and destroy our Fclcratiyc system at
| limited powers and break down the barriers which
preserve the rights Of the States. II Is another
STEP ar rather stride, towards Capitalization ami
the concentration of all legislative power in the
| National Government. The tendency of the bill
must lie To rcsusctatc the spirit of rebellion AMI
To arrest the progress Of those influences which
are more closely drawing around the States the
bonds of Union AMI peace.
| My lamcne,l pred ccssnr, in his proclamation
Of the Ist Of January, 1863, Orlcrcl AMI declared
that all persons held rs slaves within certain
States anil parts of States therein designated,
were, and thcncclnrwarl should bc free; and fur
Their, that the Executive Government Of the Unit
cl States, Including the military and naval an'
| thOritics thereof. would recognize and maintain
the freedom of such persons. This guaranty has
been rendered especially obligatory and sacred
by the amendment of the Constitution abOlishng
slavery throughout the United States. |, there
FORE fully recognize the obligation to protect and
defend that class at our people whenever ami
wherever 1t shall become necessary AMI to the
fullest extent compatible with the Constitution
of the Unitcl States.
| Entertaining these sentiments, IL only remains
for me to say that | will chcerfnlly cooperate
with CGngrcss in any measure that may he ncces'
sary for the preservation Of the civil rights ut the
| freedmen NJ well as those of all other classes OF
persons throughout the Unitel States by judicial
process under equal and impartial laws, or CON
formally with the provisions Of the Federal Con
stitutOn.
| now return the Hill TO the Senate, ard regret
that, in considering the hills and joint resolu.
tons, forty-two in number, that have thus far
been submitted for my approval, am compelled
To withhold my assent from n second measure
that has received the sanction Of both houses OF
| Congress. ANDREW JOHNSON.
WASHINGTON, ID. G., March n, 1856.