, 1866-08-07
EUROPE.
Why Bcnelek Allowed the Prus-
sians to Attack,
THE rRUSSIAN AND AUSTRIAN
CAVALRY C0NTRASTED.
The Alps-The Theatre Of Garlbaldi,s
Operations.

Operations.
Rcnedek md His Plans-Why lie Al.
lowed the PruM1nns to Assume the
O0ennlyo.
Correspondence Of the London Timss,l
HEADQUARTERS. o1Mr1z, Thursday, July II.
The Fcldzcugmc!stcr is in the city, getting
his army Into shape, and working with the
incxhausttb!e energy and spirit which arc
characteristic Of the gallant bnt unfortunate
soldier. Although he Is over sixty years Of
could equal General Won Bcnedek ii his pow
cr of enduring fatigue in the saddle OF at the
desk, and he spares neither himself nor his
staff, night or day. But he Is now only Sec
ond in n command, M H. He Is sending away vast
Commander Chief, Archdukc Albrecht. at
Vienna, and he will soon be left with only a
garrison and covering army Of operation at
Olmntz, ready to drop on the Prussian flank
and rear, and especially adapted for such a
preston that Count Henlkstein, Count Clam
Gallas and General krismanics, &C., were re-
moved after and In consequence Of their con
duct at the battle Of Koniggratz. Count
Clam-Gallas was deprived Of his command
after The ACTION ct Jiein, and Count Henik-
pended before the battle Of July Sd. General
PAumgArttcn, Commander In Chief Of the
District Of Galicia md Bukovina, arrived in
camp the day before the battle to take Count
Henikstelns place, but he did not disturb
the a11anEements Of his predecessor. General
krismanics and Count Clam Gal1as have been
released from arrest. but the former Chief of
the Staff still remains in military coutnc-
ment. The whole Of the statf Is to be re-or-
ganized-a hard matter to accomplish in the
1ncc OF an enemy, ns NC k1ow-and there
will be attempts made to cure defects in atl-
mlnistration and III the army itself, which
recent events have revealed very largely.
The Austrian army had been for some time
on peace footing the establishments were
much reduced Wien the war broke out, and
the sndden effort to assume the proportions
suited to such contest hps strnined and
twisted the machinery OF all the establish-
ments very severely.
To find oneself IN Olmutz in defensive
position, while accounts come in on NIL sides
Of Prussians here. there, and everywhere, is
rather startling TO one who left Vienna with
the idea that he was about to see grand in
vAsion OF Sflcsia, or, at all events, q SUCCESS
full resistance to the cuemy's attempt to In
wade Bohemia amid the passes Of the Giant
accomplished iacts When Bcnedck NOV
ed from Olmutz to Joscphstadt he intended
to invndc Silesia and march upon Berlin.
The question yet to be determined Is wheth.
er hc could have set out SOONER, and wheth-
er, If le could, the delay was attributable to
himself or to others more timtd and Acslta-
ting. It will probably he t0und that hts ar-
MY was not ready for an extensive campaign,
even when Bcnedck resolved to march north
ward, and tlat lie was exceedingly anxious
run to move his columns. His army was In
full 1nnrch northWard for the frontier when
the last of Ills divisions was suddenly attack
cd on Ills right tlank-so suddenly that the
action was described Us u surprise, Instead
his army into silcsEa, Bencdek found liz liz
russcs forced and IN the hands Of the enemy.
and Bohemia already flooded with their
troops. Whose fault was II that these passcs
were left 80 lightly guarded Mt all? Your
my hug enabled your readers to Judge Of the
difficulties IL, enemy who sought to pcne-
trnte these dcflles would have iial to meet II
the Austr1ans had occupied them III forccnnd
defended them with skill anl resolution.
But tho PrussIans had fnirly dcbuuehci he.
n,nI', bodies to arrest tlek progress. They
wurc on the heights nboyc-the Austrluns In
tie lower ground. Then tho nuedlc.gnl b..
gan 10 make Itself felt, aud The wounded
men brought 10 Tho rcar, Ia !@ssing through
tl'c lines Of the arlny, spread wonderful
tulcs Of the terrible weapon which multiplied
lie enemy tivcto!d, and swept awny Enttnlion
a1ll squadron before they could cross hayunct
o. p1y. sabre with the Prussluns. The day
Of skaltz sas must mortliying aud astunlsll-
luE. - buVhEA iuG ITlha1NlA3 HEFG Ill l0EcE,
alid that tllCfr hold was not to 10 pltnkcli
without tremendous eiIort. This effort
Benedok determined to make, md It certainly
was no fa,ft of llfs disposition tllAt the defeat
Ut Jlcn Gnu b. attributed. That defeat dis
concerted his acllenlc, toF lo could nut tnnve
against the Prnssinn nrlmy in iront OF him
while An0tller powerful army wAs advancing
on his funk md rrar. So lie fell upon k0ii-
n1gEratz, nnt there nccerted Tho memorable
battlc which will be famous iii the wurll as
long us history lives. II caunut b. assrrtctl
thut his general idca In Ills order OF battle
was defective. Ills position WAS well cliusc,l.
The reserves wcrG too closely packed, per-
hnps, md NJ the disposition Of the Austrian
nriny YVES utmost se,nlc!rculnr. With thu
wings thrown buck toward thu Elbe, unl tl,c
centre projecting beyond klutn with bcntt
tnwarl Saiown and Ncchnnltz, II followed
that when tho prtltsnns forced bnck tlr
wings they got convcrglny und even q
crokH.ro Ul1 tho narrow tt,acn, wlluru thu
second lEEu and reserves were c0oItcd up In
rcar Of tho centre, aud from higher ground
pressed nj, them to -ri,It and d"atrsiclittti.
Thrn, rs there wn4 M position nt Eruhn In
which An nrtly could tnko lts Blaf,,! tn rcsAt
d victorious enemy, Drncdek turned to the
pnst III l,c rctrcAtcI, alld drew uil ut Olnutz,
whence he had startCtl little lnoru tllnn d
fortnight befur0. The rrltsblnns did not at.
tempt to 1nulcst tho retreat Of Ills maIl body,
but inasle straight for PardnhItz aud Prague,
and then prucccdcd to push their main col
Nlnn into MUrava, Anl to occupy Drum pre-
paratory TO their great movclnent against
Vienna.