New-York daily tribune., 1866-02-20

prove Of such mutt atom Would le deprive wona
OF all those enleaIng charms and softer quaies whlch
Constitute her n ornament OF society and inspire IN
man, es Edr.nnd Burke SAYS THE highest anu noDesl
passion Of human life." Under Slavery, he continued
The child took the status Of tho mother This law Of sub
ec race was necessary To preserve its subugatlOn Dn
now tie freedman took the status of tho father and hun
drods thousands ofhess slaves descendants not OF
Slaves, but of ffee white men. He opposed to all
restrictions OF suffrage, which were not inevitable as
in the cases Of women and minors. What statesman
dare go before the people advocating change OF the
traditional policy OF tho Government the eqUtl rights
Of all men. Government depends upon the intelligence
and virtue Of the people. NOT intelligence alone. DO
laws require any test vi integeDcef Yet we ale not
afraid to receive into the body polite fIom despotic
EuIope' thousands Of perpons who cannot read or
write and not acquainted with our language. Mr.
Yates said, though an old Whig he had never been a
Know S0tbiEg He was In favor OF admitting
every foreigner npOn taking the oath OF feslty. Mr.
Lincoln once said; "At some critical tine, the
vote Of the black may to keep the jewel Of
liberty in the family OF freedom When the Rebels Of
the South and the proSlavey men Of the North wgge
20 alliance il is only question Of DAYS wh5n
that time VIII arrive. II universal suffrage n wrong
then Our Government IL wrOng--the words Of our
fatl 4 ailuIehe Declaration string OF gittering
geIoralities. II may turn out in tho future
which God fOrb!d-thaf our fathers were wrong and
that the people are incapable OF selfgovernmeDt.
Blt have fears. lie had no fears We are ap.
preaching the grand consumma0D, the apOtheosls OF
that living principle which fed the prosecutions OF the
old world and found refuge among tho sterile rocks OF
New England; yhch demonstrated against taxation
without tho consent Of the people taxed
which resisted on the bloody field OF Bunker Hill
tho rule of class legislation; which eliminated
IN the assertion OF tie indesruciible ideas OF the
Declaration OF Independence and which wll'
terminate the world. Tnis Congress by completing the
work begun viii crown itself with the amaranth OF i'm
mortality. Mr.. Yates gave history OF the rise and
progress Of the parry OF freedom and appealed to II not
70 falter now before few raw recruits. who would
fight again the old battles of the prOSlavery party
row gathered TO The dust OF Its kindred despotisms
lie concluded by saying; Senators sixty centuries Of
the past are looking down upon you All
the centuries OF the future are calling upon yOul
Liberty struggling amid the ruins and wrecks Of en-
piTes IN the past, and yet to struggle for life in all the
nations Of the world, coniures you to seize this great
opportunity which the providence OF Aim ghty God has
placed in your hands TO bless the world and poke your
names imInortl carry 70 fnl and triumphant con
summation the great work begun by your fathers and
thus permanently sOilly and immOvably, TO Lev the
capstone upon the pyramid Of human liberty.
Daring the delivery Of the speech, on the exhibition
of appliance in the galleries that portion o the galleries
was ordered 20 be cleared.
IHE VETO MESSAGE
Tie Vice President then submitted the message Of
tho President yetoing tho FTeedmens Bureau bill
which was read By tho Clerk amid evidences Of intense
feeling the part Of Senators and gathered members
OF the House well spectators in the galleries. but
without any open mantle, ,gtOD, except AT the close OF
the reaiing when loud applause shook one section Of
the gcHtlemen's gallery mingled with determined
hisse and tho emphatic blows OF the Vice Presidents
hammer That portion Of the galleries also cleared
10 ne Sena'. oChs United states / have examined
with care the bill which originated in the Senate and
has been pissed bv the tgO Houses of Congress 10
amend an act entitled IAN act 70 establish bureau
for The reel Of Freedmen and refugees and tor other
purposes.' Having with much regret, come 10 the
conclusion that il would not be consistent with the
public welfare 10 give my approval TO the measure l
the bill IA the Senate with my objections 10 its
becoming law.
might call 10 mind in advance OF these objeo.loap
that there is immediate necessity for the proposed
The act to establish bureau for the relief
o. freedgon and tefgcses which was approved In the
month OF March lest has not Yet expired. 4 was
thought stringent and extensive enough for the purpose
view Before il ceases 10 have effect further expert
euce may assist 10 guide Us 70 wise conclusion as 10
the policy TO be adopted in time OF peace
have, with Congress- tle strongest desire 10 secure
TO tho freedmen the full enjoyment Of their freedom
and their property, and their entire Independence and
equality making contracts for their labor. Bu. the
bill before me contains provisions which. In my
opinion ara not werranted by The Constitution, and
are bot well suited 10 accomplish the end IN ycw The
bill proposes 70 establish BY authority OF Congress
military jurisdiction over III parts Of tho United States
containing refugees and freedmen. u would. by its
very nature apply with most force TO those parts OK the
ntcl States IN which tie freedmen most abound and
il expressly extends the existing temporary iurs-
diciion Of tie Frcenens Bureau. with greatly
arged powcrs those States in which the ordT dry
coursc Judicial proceedings las been interrupted BY
tie Rebellion. The source from which the military
uJ 10 emGnate is other than the PreSi
dent of the Uuted States acting through the War De
purtment and tie Commissioner OF the Freedmen
Inreau. The agents 20 carry out ths military juTa
civil life The country is 10 be divided into districts
and subdsricts, and the number Of saared agents TO
be employed may be equal 20 the number Of counties
parishes in all the United States where freedmen and
refugees are 10 be found. The subjects over which
this military jurisdiction IS 10 extend in every
pait " the United States include protection
10 all employees, agents and officers Of this
Bureau in the exercise OF he dnes imposed upon them
by the bill. In States t is further to extend over all
ease, affecting freedmen and refugees Disseminated
against by local law custom or prejudice. In these II
States Tho BIZ subjects any whito person who may be
charged with deprying freedmen Of any civil rights
ur ,mmunics belonging "a white persons, 10 imprisOn
ment or ine or both without, however, deining the
civil rights and mmunites which arc shns % lie Sc
secured to the freedmen by military law.
This military jurisdiction also extends to al ones
t!ons that may arise respecting contracts. The
ageBt who IL thus to exercise the office of mil
itary iudso may be stranger entirely ignorant of tho
laws of tho place and exposed 20 ho errors OF indg
ment "a which all men are liable The exercise or
power which there "a TO legal supervision b. so
vast number ol agents as Is conehpaied py the bi
must by tho very nature OF man, be attended By acts
nj capr.ec ininstice and passion. The trials having
their origin under this bill, are TO tako place
without ilo intervention OF jury, and
without making any fixed rules OF law or evidence
The rules on which ofenses are heard and determined
by tho numerous agents. such rules and regulations
ls the President through tho War Department, shall
prescribe. No previous pTesentment IL required, nor
rny Indictment charging the commission Of crime
against tho laws but the trial must proceed on charges
and notifications. Tho punishment VIII be not what
the law declares bit such as court naifal may thlk
proper And from these arbitrar! tribunals there lies
no appea-no writ Of orror 10 any % the courts IN
which tic Constitution OF the United States vests OK
cusYcly the judicial power oi the country wnIe the
rOEy and the class Of actions and 0iieses that ere
made subject This afc so extensive the bill
it5elf Should IL become law, will have 10 iimi.
talion in point Of time. bnt VIII ioim part OIL
the permanent legislation oil the country. l can.
NOT reconcile system OF military jurisdiction OF
tLis kind with the words of the Constitution which de
clare that mo person shall be held to answer for
tho a~.sf- .tnfa nafFu fSVaa unfa.
sentiment or Indictment OF grand Jury except in cases
arising in the land or naval forces or in the militia
yheu In actual service In flme of war or pnblic
dlnger;' ard that In al criminal prosecutions tho
nncnsnl .hnll eninx the riolL 10 .nrnlX and nnhlc