, 1866-10-23

these existed IN exclusively Protestant prr- :,
p-ietnry. MD all nlInt.sL exclusively Catllo- |
l'c tthantry. There waa no Gtelia:, uf pa
trietism, nf sympathy. or of religion, to
twetn rrurrieto or nnd occupier. The furmer
dealt with tic latter Oh the rigid principle
Of exacting from him the last fartliing, and
hence the friEhtful condition, both moral
and physical, under which the Irish pcasan-
try have vcgetated rather than lived.
TIE COMMERCIAL AND MANUFACTURING RLE-
MeST.
In treating Of this question Of tho occuran.
cy of the land, there Ia another element
or great importance, which should meyer be
and manufacturing element. In addition to
tho sympathy Which exists between tho
farming and proprietary c1ass In England.
the trading and manufacturing element In
that country has contributed beyond what
any one has conception of to mttigatc the
although even in England there arc cascs of
hardship and Of oppression Which make the
whole press resound with denuuciations Of
the extent to which proprietorial rights arc
sometimes pushed. I could quote to you
cases where female proprietor exercised
verts from Methodism to the Church of
England, and where an English farmer re-
ccired notice to quit and to leave behind
him the value Of the labor he Incorporated
with the land, because Ills wife refused to
associate with the wife Of his titled land
lord, who had married d woman who was
too notorious for the virtue of homcly,
modest matron to cit at the same festive
board with
But in England these cases are exceptional,
and when they take place the victim Of op-
preston has not only press y hich will give
free nttcrancc to tue Injustice Of which he
has been the object, but he and his fluily
have yarious modes of life open to them to
which they ran resort and where they can
prosper. This is not the case in 1rcland. In
for manufactures they have bceu until with
| in q comparAtiyc recent period, entirely sub
I ordiuated TO English views aud English in
! tercsts. In word the result Of the system
under which Ireland has been governed is
that her population is entirely dependent On
valuable in England and anything but valu-
able in Ireland, the one country Is increas-
Ing In that test which Adam Smith laid
down as the surcst sign Of an advancing So
Getty, whilst the other Is diminishing in
it-namely, that Of an advancing
| Englishmcn, md Ireland must grow more
beef. and mutton, and pork, &C., to feed
them. write neither in the interest Of one
country or the other. Indeed, l know nc
country, but Truth, and Principle, and
Right. 4 man may he deceived iu his views
ofthese, but when in one country you tlad
its provisions are leaving it, while its popu.
| lation Is perpctual1y on the verge Of want,
one cannot be far wrong in coming to the
conclusion that there must be something VI
ciousin the relations which produce snch
state ofthings. hold 1t TO be au cconom
ica1 truth, tint ifa man produces certain re-
| suits he has the first lien upon them, and
thnt he only ought to exchange of thost
products, that amount Of them which le
docs not stand ia need Of himself. This i:
nx-rA =,
life. and. when find Il to be fact TINT thu
1nost valuable portion Of the products of thi:
popnaton of snPthef and eoutisaeus 20 e ii
1 and, while only food OF an inferior description
i left at home or has even to be brought
from very remote regions, with all the cost o
freight added. can have no doubt thai
there is something rotten In the State.
! DECLINE OF IRELAND.
It Is this rottenncss that has filled AmeH
ca with Irish and made almost every Irish
man who goes to America an enemy Of Eng
land. But in fact it is not the Government
Of England that IS alone ut fault. The evil
lies deeper than Government; 1t lies at tht
bottom ofa]l social ties, and it is only NOR.
manifest in ireland. because here, as have al
ready stated, those mitigating circumstance
which break the relations between prnpert,
| Ind labor are not fund to the same extent a
in other countries. At the present moment
there is great incrcnse in agricultural stncE
but men are decreasing and so Is the amour
ofacrcsge under tillage. The demand TO
cattle, the renting Of farms, the dimlnutio,
oftle peasantry-all this proves that 1relant
is bccomin. more and more gyazing' farm
of England. Irishmcn export first rate beef
mutton, bacon butter, &c, to be cousumet
at the other side Of the Channel, whilst the,
import Indian corn from your country Il
keep body and soul together. England re
quires cattle. sheep, wool, pigs, eggs an
butter, not Ir:shmcn, and what she wants il
increasing, and what she ducs not want
diminishing. Hence has arisen the despe,
ale contest for the land in this country
hence the shooting Of landlords; hence tn
bad feeling hctwccn classes: hence Fcnianisr
and the antagonism to all constituted n,
thority, which prevails more In ireland tha
| believe in any other country in the worlt
The time may come, and probably will com
whrn me.l, even 1rishmen, mny be considerc
more valuable product for the defence {
these islands than cattle and sheep but mt
that time comes, / fear neither the Eng1is
Government nor English statesmen nj
Irish proprietors will see the necessity
looking beyond their immediate Interests, an
eultirating happy. and coutented peopl'
instead Of a rrolctarian population who al
almost inferior to the beasts they grow an
I sell