, 1866-02-03
ERCN,HAEY.
The New Order Or EhlnEs-TAe RFoxl4.
c.3 Code-The NdW mteastry-Adzzaln-
fatrative RefoFns-NAvaI AnaiFs.
CFtou, Our Own CotrespdndenL1

=. F1oER1Cz, Jan. A, 1868.
Ono Of the most important results Of the
new order Of things in Italy took effect on the
first day Of this year.
TIE rzoy1soRx CODE
which is now in operation Is one Of those land
marks which enable us to measure tho dis
taDce the nation has marched In the last five
years. One might almost say the revolution
is complete, 60 widely hare we diverged from
the old paths.
Up to the first day Of 1866 the fountain OF
all civil statue was within the precincts of the
Church. On that day It was transferred to The.
State. Formerly the records Of the parish es-
tAb1ished the facts Of birth, mkrriage, and
death; for the courts of the kingdom hence
forth these facts will be established by records
in Offices Of the State.
The church loses an immense monopoly;
the State Is at last supreme; C1sar takes pos
session of his own.
This change affects society very widely and
very radically. The most important change
Is seen when one reflects that hitherto the
State made the precedent blessing OF the
church necessary; the want Of It ritiated the
most solemn acts Of civil Life j; but henceforth
the State Is Law unto Itself, and religious OBJ
scrvanees are remanded to their legitimate
sphere, the consctences Of individual citizens.
civil marriage hor1iheslthe priesthood they
will stoutly maintain that persons married By
Justices Of ths Peace are living in concnbi-
mage. But If the espouscd choose to dispense
with the blessings Of the church, the State
will no longer add Its curse to that Of the
Bishop.
Il have known instances in which marriage
between persons desjrous Of espousing each
other, was legally impossible under the old
ofder. They were born Catholics and had
bess OF any other church. They could not In
good conscience comply With the require
ments Of tho parish priest nor would tho
State consider them married II the priests
blessing md record wcre wanting. All such
persons are now emancipated from the Vicious
control Of religious system which they re-
But the change does not In the least inter
fere with the conscientious observance Of the
rites Of the church By all the believers The
iather must make record Of the birth OF his
: child at the town hall, but he ls not precluded
! from presenting 1t at the baptlsimal font.
Probably In nlnety-nine cases In hundred,
both the civil and religious duty will be faith
! fully observed. People who marry must pre-
cede the sacrament BY civil contract mado
under certain strict rules; but they will
doubtless 20 after tho civil to the religious
rite, The death of testator must be proved
;by civil record but this does does not in-
tet1ict extreme JUNCTION nor masses for his
soul. ..--,
who arc deyout after the fashion Of the Thir-
teeulh century, will give rise 10 difficult 4ues-
tious. We hear already that priest has been
arrested at Milan Tor confrote7uton Of the new
code. 1t ia difficult to imagine Aoto priest
can contrarene the code. He 1.dy preach
againsl IL, and auyise people not to conform
to It; but In this case Ii wonld be much better
to let him alone and employ wiser men to iD-
struct the people. The whole responsibility
Of The execution of the law should rest with
those who will suffer II they do not conform
to Its provisions. People will not sacrifice
their civil rights md those Of their children
to a religious enthusiasm but Jealous OIL
cials viii see the matter In d different light,
md create emburrassments for themselves.
We are told that the parish priests will con-
tiuuc to keen duplicate records Of births,
marriages and deaths. This is we'll. There
cannot be excess in the evidence which will
hereafter establish these influential facts ol
civil Life.
TuB NEW MINISTRY.
We have new Ministry which Is marvel
}ously like the old one.- La Not1nora dis.
difllcult bit Of political strategy. TO be sure
the result Is by no means to be compared
with the taking Of Richmond. Our General
simply hangs on to the ministerial bench. II
"a diNcnIt 10 sec how he can stay there With.
out an act which will be generally believed
arbitrary In the extreme III: e., the dissolution
of the Chamber Of Deputies. It Is believed
that the Chamber will take the first opportu.
nNY to give him a smack in the face that ht
capnpt transfer TO tho Minister Of Finance.
Not that La Morrnora Is personally unpop
ulAr. Everybody knows that he Is mn honesl
patriot, as liberal as I Is possible for Euro.
pean soldier to he. But nobody credits him
has had large political experience, bnt he
belongs 10 a profession slow to learn, and hay.
ing three times dissolved parliament Of
Turin, he attaches no great Importance to
the representatives of the people who
snubbed him the other day at Florence.
longer Minister Of Finance but We Ind bet
ter have retained him. scia!oia, his succes
sor, is greeted with storm Of h1sses. Sella
said, after a year Of work in the Ministry ol
| Finance, that he began In ignorance; but ht
had learned some.hsng iu year. seialols
ens y'th !sst a,ssst q st4 AtS rs1 r. Il!
which he negotiated two years ago, and whlcf
has excited more complaint from tho CONNER
! clal world In Ita1y than any other finaacis
| act of oil our ministers. He Ia Neapolita1
| professor Of political economy, which = aoon
sec how be enn stay On the ministerial bencl
II PARLIAMENT Is allowed TO say Its say In tn
matter ,,
tue footsteps Of his illustt!ous predecessor
making, however, one Important deviation u
thc outset Of his journey. sella ecouqmizc
on the principle Of making taxes enough +
| meet The expenses scisloia ''is to lay til
basis Of his system IN a reduction of eIpcudl
turcs, and 80 mount mp to cconom1esn
quote from ministerial organ. The state
uaeut is rathef yagne, ont one would inler
! tends to cut his coat according TO tho clotf
Ucrc the case Is different, and I infer that th
coat Is to be Kept on the regulation pattert
hut that the pockets will no longer be COY
| cred With tlapa, or only with small flaps, c
that some bit Of lining is to be left ont.
ADMINISTRATIVE REFORM
Is At once necessary and impossible Ther
is the rub. Look at this point: with Won enc
new administration turns out the employees
its predeccssor, but puts u It's friends: Her
the new men do not turn out the old|t Is
: prcscriptise right In m employe to lTc b
ftle out at the public crib-hut the4 aake ne
ploeex for Meir. friends Nd new ministry ca
succeed that does not. increase th
number Of pLbhe employees and U
!
that o crowd Of poor employes-rt ceiviut
perhaps, an average Of one hundred l1 dollars 3
there fis always filing up in some othe
place By the creation of more lucrative Office
.. for more Influential men. Ministers arc pow
cr1cs5 before this terrible disease Of buzeat
oeracy, and anticipate no real change for ii
better until we are brought up With roan
turn that makes everything crack again. Nc
That despair either ot Italy OF her finance
We arc bound to lire, grow and move 70
get some things thumped into all onr heai
by being butted against hard facts. One |
these facts IL the present rate Of taxation On
lie aaat{pnsft bat "Morisu 4cialola" Will la,
to make to It. Of this matter in anoth'
letter. ....-.--.-
W NAVAL MATTERS.
The Colorado aud Frolic arc 1T Vfllafranc
and the Kearsarge is about leaving Gene'
for cruise to Marsei}les. Darcelona and Le
horn. She will probably reach Leghol
4 February first, and lie there until april.
SPERo.
! vTnusn Rentw in NcyE Ypfk-The lant