davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Wheeling daily register. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1864-1878, 1866-03-30

V,HR ONLY iNsTGTUTuON IN
i the state where young man can acquire
thorough business education In q short time'
All who wish to become scientific Book Keep
er, and Accountants, rapid and good Penmen,
good Sound Telegraphic Operators, or'efneient
Reporters viii mud this Institution
EQUAL TO ANY IN THE COUNTRY,
Having every facility tor teaching
Book Keeping,
PeUmanship,
Telegraphing
Photography,
Commercial Law and
Commercial Correspondence.
FACULTY:
Prot. j. A. MITCHELL, Prairie Psnnan OF
Illinois Teacher OF Penmanship.
J. CRFASEY, Teacher OF Book Keeping aud
Lecturer on AccountS
JOHN MORGAN, Ji., OF the United states
Line Teacher of TelegIaphing.
j. A KERRY OF the United states Line
Assistant Teacher OF Telegraphing
ALEX MARTIN ID, Lecturer on hathe'
mates.
Ethics.
RH LEE, MD, Teacher OF Photography.
For terms specimens Of writing, OF further
particulars please address
MITCHELL & CkEASEYl
mart tllaprId&w Wheeling, W. Va.
The Wheeling daily register. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1864-1878, 1866-03-30
The Living Forces Of the Universe
The Temple and the WorshiPpers- -
NirgInia-
ruF FOLLOWING ARE A FEW
nnraNGE NOTTCEs O THE WoRk:

Pv Hos. Gro W. THoxProS, ofw' ceiling. West
I-irrinia
The Cadiz sentinel. [volume] (Cadiz, Ohio) 1864-1911, 1866-07-25
SPECIAL NOTICES.
+
AFFLICTED. SVlTER NO morn
+
DR.. JOINYILLE'S ELIXIR,
Or E@geuce ofLiae.

For Physical and Nervous Weakness, In
voluntary Discharges, and similar, results OK
youthful indiseretion; for General Debility,
Impotency, lncontinence, or Nocturnal
Emissions, &c. The astonishing success
which has attended this invaluable .Inedi-
cine for loss of Muscular Energy, Physical
Lassitude and General ProstratiCn, or any
of the consequences of youthful indiscretion
or indulgence of the passion in ripper years,
renders u the most valuable preparation
ever discovered; in fact, as a remedy fol the
above complaints, it stands unriValed and
alone. 1t willremove all nervous affections,
depression, excitement, incapacity to study
or business, loss of memory, confusion,
thoughts of self-destruction, fears OF insani~
ty, DC. 1t Will restore the appetite, renew
the health Of those who haue destroyed it by
sensual excess or evil practices.
Young men who, by indulging in secret
habits, have contracted that ~soul-subduing,
Misunderstanding, Notwithstanding vice
one which fills our lunatic asylums, and
crowds to repletion the wards Of our hospi-
tals-should, without delay, send for tho
ELIXIR, and be at once restored to health
and happiness. A perfect cure is warrant
ed in every instance. Price So per bottle,
or four bottles to one address, $40. One
bottle is sufficient TO effect u cure in all or
binary cases'.
Also, Dr.. ~Jo1NvILLE's SPECIFIc PILLS,
for the speedy and permanent cure of Con
Orrhea, elect, Urethal Discharges, Gravel,
Structure. and all affections of the Kidneys
and Bladder. Cures effected il from one
to five days. They are prepared from vcge-
table extracts that are harmless on the Sys-
tenn, and never nauseate the stomach or I'M
pregnate the breath. No change Of diet is
necessary while using them, nor does their
action in any nlanner interfere with bust
ness pursuits. Price 81 ,oG a box.
Either ofthe above mentioned articles will
be sent to any address closely sealed, and
post paid, by mail or express, on RECEIPT Of
price. Address all orders to BERGER,
SHUTS q Co., Chemists, l.o. 2S5 River
Street, Troy, Now York.
The Cadiz sentinel. [volume] (Cadiz, Ohio) 1864-1911, 1866-07-25
TO THE LADIES OF AMERICA.

DR.. Grobois' Celebrated Female Pills.
The only sure and certain Remedy
For all those affecting complaints so peeu-
liar to the sex, whether married or
single.
These Pills AVE never yet failed in re-
moving difficulties arising from Obstruction
or Stoppage of n ature, or in restoring the
system to perfect health, when suffering
from Spinal Affections, Prolapsus Uteri.
the Whites, or other weakness of the Uter-
inc Organs, also in all cases of Debility or.
Nervous Prostitution, Mysteries, Palpita-
tons, &C., &c, which are the forerunners Of
more serious diseases. The Pills ,tre per-
fectly harmless on the constitution, and may
be taken by the most delicate female with
out causing distress; OF the same time, "they
act like a charm" by strengthening, invig-
Grating and restoring the system to q healthy
condition, and by bringing on the monthly
period with regularity, no matter from
what cause the obstruction may ariss,--
They should, however, not be taken during
the first three months o~fpregnancy, Though
safe at any other time,) as miscarriage
would DO the result. Upwards of 10000
boxes were sold during the past year.
Price $l,00; six boxes, $500. SEM by
mail in an ordinary envelope that attracts
no attention, with full and explicit direc-
lions for use. Address BERGER, SHUTS
eco, Chemists, 285 River Street, Troy, N.
May2366-y
The Cadiz sentinel. [volume] (Cadiz, Ohio) 1864-1911, 1866-07-25
FREE TO EVERYBODY!
TIL G1IDB To HlAL'IH AND HIAUIY.
JUST PUBLISHED.

"~"~
VT teaches how to remove Tan, Freckles,
Pimples, Moth Patches, Sall0wness.
Eruptions, and all impurities of the skin;
how to enamel the skin, leaving it white
and clear as alabaster; how to produce the
fullest development of the female form Gas
practired By the French causing the bust
to grow rouinl and full, and il the form has
been lost by padding, lacing, or maternity,
restoring it to more than its original inll-
ness, tirlnness, and beauty. Itteaches how
to reduce i'll size the hands and feet; produce
c0rpuleuCy or the the reverse; remove SUI
p~erfluous hair; cure corns, Bunions, Warts,
and Moles; renew your age; cure Drunk
enness, Catarrll, Dyspepsia, Nervous Debil-
ity, &C., how to iascinale and gain the love
and affection of any person you may choose
together with other useful and valuable in
formation. No young Lady or Gentleman
should fail to send their address to the I'M
dersigned inc receive by return mail Il
copy Of this valuable work in scaled cn-
~yelopef &c of charge. Address, >
BERGER, SHUTS eco, Chemists.
285 River st. Troy, n. Y.
The Cadiz sentinel. [volume] (Cadiz, Ohio) 1864-1911, 1866-07-25
now

PHILADELPHIA, PA. 4f
nISEASES Of the Urinary and Sexual
- Systems-new and reliable treatment.
Also the BRIDAL CHAMBER, an Essay
IF Warning and instruction, sent in sealed
envelopes, free of Charge. Address DR.. j.
SKILLIN HOUGHTON, Howard Associa
ton, No. 2, South Ninth Street, Philedel-
phia, Pa.
Sept. 81, 1865
The Cadiz sentinel. [volume] (Cadiz, Ohio) 1864-1911, 1866-07-25

Hons. r P. RANNEY, r. T. Bacius,
Moses Kelly and ii. P. Payne have issued
a call for a meeting Of the electors of the
18th District who are favorable to the Phila-
delphia Conventionuaovenent at Cleyeisnd
on the 2lst inst, 10 appoint Delegates to
said Convention Of these gentlemen the
Herald (Repub. J says:
"Backus, Kelly and Payne have been
State Senators, Judge Ranney has been
twice on the Supreme Bench, Messrs. Payne
and Ranney have been Democratic Guber-
Material candidates, Mr.. Backus has been
Republican candidate on the ticket for the
State supreme Court and Mr.. Kelly, though
of late years ont Of politics, is in the front
rank as a lawyer; all are men Of command
ing talents, unblemished private character
and great personal influence"
The Cadiz sentinel. [volume] (Cadiz, Ohio) 1864-1911, 1866-07-25
EXCELSIOR! EXCELSIOR!
CHASTELLER'S
HAIR ExTERMiNAT0R.
FOR REMOVING SupERFLuOIIS HAIR.

depilatory recommends itself rs being an
almost indispensable article to female beau-
ty, is easily applied, and does not burn or
iniure the skin, but acts directly on tho
roots. 1t is warranted to remove superhu-
GUS hair from low f~orsheads, or from any
part Of the body, completely, totally and
radically extirpa1ing the same, leaving tho
only article used by the French, and is tho
only real effectual depilatory In existence.
Price $l,00 per package, seut postpaid to
any address, on RECEIPT Of an order, by BER-
GER, SHUTS & Co., Chemists, 2S5 River
Street. Troy New York,
May %, Tyr.
The Cadiz sentinel. [volume] (Cadiz, Ohio) 1864-1911, 1866-07-25
Chas. r. SandersOn

Formerly ofBellevue Hospital, New York
Late Senior Surgeon to Kings County Hos
oitll,
EAN BE CONSULTED AT CADIZ, Ma
tional House, the 10th 18th and 18th
dayso of EVERY MONTH. st. Clairsville,
johnson Hotel, 18th, 14th and 18th.
Wheeling, Grant House, 10th 18th and
18th.
April is, 1S68-6mo.
The Cadiz sentinel. [volume] (Cadiz, Ohio) 1864-1911, 1866-07-25
THE FLOR ENCE
REVERSIBLE FEED
SEWING

DO NOT BUY A SEWING MACHINE
UNTIL YOU HAVE SEEN THE
"FLORENCE,n
Making as it does, four different stitches,
and having the Reversible Feed, doing q
greater variety Of work than any other
Family Sewing Machine, and selling at COR
responding prices with other first class Ma
chimes which only make one kind OF Stitch,
and 10 nothave the Reversible Feed, com
mends itself on the most critical examina-
ton, not only on account of its simplicity,
durability "A beauty, but as the most per-
feet Invention for executing n kind of
family sewing now done by machinery in
the world. tteH @3 0y#A tiH ~
3Aila MRS. MA. SHERIFF., Agt.
Zone door north of Warfel's Machine Shop,
Cadiz, Ohio.
The Cadiz sentinel. [volume] (Cadiz, Ohio) 1864-1911, 1866-07-25
CEgASTEELAR,S
WHITE LIQUID ENAMEL.

For improving and Eeanlifying The COM
plexion.
The most valuable and perfect ,prepara-
pearl-like tint, that is only found in youth,
1t quickly removes Tan, Freckles, Pilnples,
Blotches, Moth Patches, Shallowness, Erup
tons, and all impurities of the skin, kindly
healing the same, leaving the skin white
and clear as alabaster. Its use cannot DO
detected by the closest scrutiny, n being
a vegetable prebaration is perfectly harm,
less. 1t is the only article Of the kind used
ny the French, and is considered by tho
Partisan as indispensable to a perfect toilet.
Upwards of 30, 900 bottles We're sold. during
the past year, a sufficient guarantee of its
efficacy. Price only rs cents. Sent BY
mail, postpaid, on receipt of an order by
BERGER, SHUTS CO., Chemists,
2S5 River St, Troy, N. Y.
The Cadiz sentinel. [volume] (Cadiz, Ohio) 1864-1911, 1866-07-25
CONFECTIONERY
AND
VARIETY ST0REI
SAMUEL FERGUSON

WAVING again purchased the establish
nh ment formerly kept by himself, or-
posite the public buildings, CadiE, Ohio,
respectfully informs the public that he has
on hand and is prepared to furnish ia large
or small quantities everything usually kept
in a store of that kind. He will endeavor,
to the best of his ability, to pleasethe public,
and he hopes by so doing to merit and re-
ceive a liberal share of the public patronage.
Common and Fancy CaiSies Of all kinds,
Almonds, Filberts, Cream and Pea Nuts,
Raisins, Figs, Dates, French Currants, SUI
gar, Soda, Butter and Water Crackers, Bark
and Ground Cinnamon, Pepper, Ginger, AL
spice, Starch, Fine and Common Cigars, To
bacGo, Pulverized White Sugar, Pickles,
Pepper Sauce, Port Monnies, Watch Chains
Keys aud Guards, a fine lotof common jew
elry, TOYS of all descriptions, &c.
OySteTS-Fresh in season, and i'll Summer
nice Cove Oysters served at all hours. The
lovers OF this delicious bivalye cannot fail
to be pleased.
Ice C1edm-In season, in the best style.
His Soda Fountain is in full blast, and the
public will find this the most~lealthtul and
cooling beverage for hot weather.
Wa Country Confectioneries can be sup
piled at his establishment ON the very best
terms. .-
Cadiz, Ohio, April 10. 1865. 81.
The Cadiz sentinel. [volume] (Cadiz, Ohio) 1864-1911, 1866-07-25
ELEVENTH QUARTERLY RE-
PORT

Of the First National Bank, of Cadiz,
" Ohio, showing its condition on the
morning of the first Monday of July 1866.
REGN1rPcES
Orleans independent standard. [volume] (Irasburgh, Vt.) 1856-1871, 1866-06-15
ELECTRICITY AND MAGNETISM.

The Balsam is put up in Bottles with full direc-
tons, Price 50 cts. and Sl00.
For Sale by Bailey and briggs, Fairlec, VT;
Darling and Dival, East Corinth, Vt; J. c. Bing-
ham, St. Johnsbury, Vt. William Joslyn & Son,
Barton, VT; j. 5. II. Weeks, Danvitic, VI; d.
Whttlesy, Glover, VT; Barns and Whitney,
Newport, VT; Charles Carpenter, West Charles
ton, VT; f. L. Brown, Canaan, VT; Adncy
Stoors East Lynn, n. H.; Edward Savage, Lam
caster, n. H; F. F. Hodgman, Littleton, n. H. !;
Crawford and Aldrch Colebrook, n. H.
E. HAYNES, & Co., PrOprietOrS,
vll:I9m3 No. 7 Doave Street, Boston.
Maiden, March 2, 1866.
Orleans independent standard. [volume] (Irasburgh, Vt.) 1856-1871, 1866-06-15
French Management ofFowIs.

The French breeds, the Creve@urs,
Houdans and La Fleche, are not in
clined to set, and very seldom show
the slightest disposition to do so until
nearly three years of age. The
Creyeeur stands at the head of all
other breeds as a fowl. The cap
onizing of fowls, although formerly
carried on very extensively in France
has now almost passed. Cocks that
are separated from pullets. as soon
as they can be distinguished from
them, and are never allowed to run
with the opposite sex, fattened prop.
erly, attain great height, and are as
fine in flavor of flesh as capons.
The chickens are fattened for table
use in the following ways:
They are confined separately in
small coops, and are not allowed to
see each other or other fowls. They
are crammed either with liquid
consisting of barley meal and milk
poured down the throat of the fowl
through funnel three times a day
or they are crammed twicesa day will
pellets made of meal or barley anc
buckwheat mixed into paste will
milk. One meal must be digestec
before another is crammed down. L
generally takes from two to three
weeks to fatten a fowl. The neck o
a fowl should never be rung, as i
discolors the flesh; cash in thu
throat is a much better way-it vii
cause instant death. Fowls shoul(
be picked while warm; this can bt
easily done.
Orleans independent standard. [volume] (Irasburgh, Vt.) 1856-1871, 1866-06-15

NIFICAN THE Bellows
Falls times says: "a man came
into our office last week and made a
significant inquiry. He wanted to do
some business with one or two businss
concerns and his inquiry was to know
which OF the two advertised the most
In the Times, his theory being that the
one who advertised the most was the
one that he wanted to see. 1t so hap
|pened that both were large patrons
and just about alike, but the moral of
the inquiry needs no further elucida-
tiOn."'
Orleans independent standard. [volume] (Irasburgh, Vt.) 1856-1871, 1866-06-15

Just Published, an Sealed Envelope. Price cents
A Lecture on the Nature, Treatment, and
Radical Cure of Seminal Weakness, or Sperma-
torrh9a, induced by Self-Abuse; Involuntary
Emissions, Impotency, Nervous Debility, and
Impediments to Marriage generally; COnsump-
ton, Epilepsy, and Fits; Mental and Physical
Incapacity, &c-By ROB. J. CULVERWELL,
NJ. D., Author of the 90 Green Book" &c.
The wOrld-renowned author, in this admirable
Lecture, clearly proves from his own experience
that the awful consequences of Self-Abuse may
be etfectually removed without medicine, and
without dangerous surgical operations, bougies,
instruments, rings, or cordials, pointing out a
mode of cure at once certain and effectual, by
which every sufferer, no matter what his condi-
ton may be, may cure himself cheaply, privately,
and radically. This lecture will prove boon to
thousands and thousands.
Sent under seal, in plain envelope, to any ad-
dress, on receipt of six cents, or two postage
stamps, by addressing the publishers,
CEsAS. j. &. KLINE 81 CO..
1877 BOwery, New York,
vl0:39yl Post Office Box 1886
Orleans independent standard. [volume] (Irasburgh, Vt.) 1856-1871, 1866-06-15
Making Garden.
Now begins

NOW Dcglns
The housewives happiest season of the year,
The ground already broken by the spade
The beds made level by the passing rake
The almanac consulted, and the signs
Conspiring favor,-forth with apron full
OF choicest seeds, the best the last year gave,
She salies to the garden where, all day,
Breathing the pleasant odor of the mould,
She bends and plants, while toher eye of hope
Here springs the early pea, and there the bean,
The lettuce and the reddish, and what else
Her culinary providence requires.
But chief of ALL with careful hands, she sets
The slips, and bulbs, and plants which rounC
each bed,
Shall make a bright embroidery of flowers.
--ReodS Ne10 Pastoral
Orleans independent standard. [volume] (Irasburgh, Vt.) 1856-1871, 1866-06-15

Messrs. E. Haynes and CO.-Gentlen'en: I
have suffered for the last six years almost as
much as a man could, with the Piles, and found
nothing that would give me any relief, until last
winter 1 began 10 taste of youI Dalsam in your
office, not once thinking it remedy for my com
plant. l continued to taste of it several times
day, when To- to my great delight found | was
getting WELL and now l would not be without
your Balsam for great deal of money. l am
now ENJOYING better health than l have for the
last six wears You are at liberty to do with thi,
as you think best, hoping you may do much good
to the suffering.
Truly yours,
J. P. H. CUSHING.
Orleans independent standard. [volume] (Irasburgh, Vt.) 1856-1871, 1866-06-15

The French never feed their poultry
with whole grain. The principal
food is a stiff paste made of about
half bucllwheat, barley or oat meal,
mixed with sour milk. They con-
slider this paste much better than
feeding the grain whole, besides not
being near SO expensive, ground grain
going farther than the same amount
Of whole grain. When the poultry
are kept in a confined place, they are
also fed literally with vegetable and
animal food.
Orleans independent standard. [volume] (Irasburgh, Vt.) 1856-1871, 1866-06-15

Boston, March 49, 1866
E. Haynes and Co.-Gentlem1en: My wife hav
ing been troubled with Worms, seriously affect
ing her health, l was advised to try your Neura-
pathic Balsam, which did, and found to my sur
prise it had the desired effect driving them en-
trely from her. l also tried it upon my child for
Group, with perfect success and | believe it the
best thing that can be given for either these COM
plants. You are at liberty to publish this if you
think best.
His
Witness, ]. S. 7. Gushing. CHS. u HENRY,
Mark
Ylll9m3 Friend Street Court.
Orleans independent standard. [volume] (Irasburgh, Vt.) 1856-1871, 1866-06-15

REMEMBER to pluck off any fruit
that may set on a newly transplanted
tree or vine. Ifleft to perfect, it will
be at the expense of healthy, vigorous
growth of the plants, and correspon-
ding depreciation in quantity and quail
ity of fruit the next season.
Orleans independent standard. [volume] (Irasburgh, Vt.) 1856-1871, 1866-06-15
Fixed Facts.

These may be assumed 8 5 fixed
facts in Agriculture:
l. All lands on which clover, or the
grasses are grown, must either have
lime in them, naturally, or it may be
arti6cially supplied. 1t matters but
little, whether it be supplied in the
form of stone lime, oyster-shell lime,
or mari.
2. All permanent Improvement of
lands must look to lime as its ba-
sis.
3. Lands which have been long in
culture, will be benefited by appli-
cations in the form of bonedust, guano,
native phosphate of lime, composts of
fish, ashes-or in oyster shell lime
or marl-if the lands need lining
also.
4. No lands can be preserved in a
high. state of fertility, unless clover
and the grasses are cultivated i'll the
course of rotation.
5. Mould is indispensable to every
soil, and a healthy supply can alone
be preserved through the cultivation
of clover and the grasses, the turning
in Of green crops or by the applica-
ton of composts rich in the elements
Of mould.
6. All the highly concentrated ami
NAL manures are increased in value
and their benefit prolonged by admix
ture with plaster or pulverized char
coal.
7. Deep ploughing greatly improves
the productive powers Of variety o
soil, that is not wet.
8. Subsoiling sound land, that is
land that is not wet, is eminently
conducive to increase production.
9. All wet land should be drained
10. All grain crops should be har
vested several days before the grair
is thoroughly ripe.
IL. Clover, as well as other
grasses, intended for hay, should be
moved when in bloom.
y. Sandy lands can be most effect
ually improved by clay. When sucl
lands require lining, or marling, the
lime or mari is most beneficial,
applied, when made into. compost will
clay. In Stacking lime, salt brine i
better than water.
Is. The chopping or grinding o
grain, to be fed to stock, operates a
asaving of at least twenty-five pc.
cent.
IA. Draining of wet lands AM
marshes adds to their value, by max
ING them produce more and bette
crops-by producing them earlier
and by improving the health Of neigl
borhoods,
Is. To manure or lime wet land
is to throw manure, lime, and labc
away.
16. Shallow blowing operates
impoverish the soil, while decreasir
production.
II. By stabling and sheddir
stock during the winter, a saving
one fourth of the food may be effectt
that is, one-fourth less food w
answer, than when such stock mt
be exposed to the inclemencies Of tt
weather.
Is. A bushel of plaster per acl
sown broadcast over clover, will az
one hundred per cent. to its produ'
10. Periodical applications of ash
tend to keep up the integrity Of sol
by supplying most, if not all, of t
organic substances.
20. Thorough preparation of t
land is absolutely necessary to t
successful and luxurious growth
crops.
81. Abundant crops cannot
grown for q succession, unless care
taken to provide and apply an ecu
alent for the substances carried
the land in the products grown the
on.
%. To preserve meadows in tn
productiveness, it is necessary
harrow them every second autur
apply top dressings, and roll the
NORTH Carolina Farmer.
Orleans independent standard. [volume] (Irasburgh, Vt.) 1856-1871, 1866-06-15
A G. RIOUL 7 o R A L /.

1T is our desire TO make this department both
interesting and useful; and for this purpose we
invite communications and discussion upon all
Agricultural subjects, from any of our readers.
Orleans independent standard. [volume] (Irasburgh, Vt.) 1856-1871, 1866-06-15
Boston. March 9. 1866

Boston, March 2 1866.
E. Haynes and CO.--GeaLemen: On my arri-
val in New York last December, from Melbourne,
in the ship Patrick Henry, Captain Page, owing
to the poor food on board, l found myself atfict-
ed with Scurvy, and | take pleasure in stating
that two applications of your Neurapathic Bal
sam, and taking half teaspoonful twice day
for two days has entirely cured me; it worked
like charm. You may make such use of this
as you please.
HUGH. w. BROWN,
No. 50 West Orange Street.
Orleans independent standard. [volume] (Irasburgh, Vt.) 1856-1871, 1866-06-15
GOING w r IT,

IT HE SUBSCRIBER offers for sale the farm
on which he now resides, situated IA miles
north OF Barton Village. Said farm contains lis
acres OF good land, suitably divided into now
ing, pasturage, tillage and wood land. On the
premises are good house, barn, and out-build-
ings, also the best young apple orchard in Or
leans County, with cherrys, plums, and small
fruit in abundance also good sugar lot, of $50
trees; also 26 IL acres good timber land on a
good road II miles from Barton Village: 25
acres excellent land, nearly all hard wood, suita-
Bile for sugar orchard, laying 2 IL miles from
Bloomington village, and three miles from Gov
entry Depot. Any one wishing to purchase may
inquire further of
SILAs WHEELER.
Barton, May 80 l866.-vlln24tf
Orleans independent standard. [volume] (Irasburgh, Vt.) 1856-1871, 1866-06-15

You've CALyEs.-They should have
roomy sheds, well ventilated, and Sc
cure at all times, under foot as well
as overhead, from wet, with abundant
straw or hay for bedding. From birth
till maturity, animals ought to grow
constantly. "Spring-poOr" will always
apply to some wild beasts, but should
become obsolete in reference to ami
mails dependent on, and depended on
by farmers.