The Jackson standard. [volume] (Jackson C.H., Ohio) 1847-1888, 1866-12-13

our relations as one people, and remov-
ed serious cause for discomfort on the
part of the inhabitants Of those States.
1t would have accorded with the great
principle enunciated in the Declaration
of American Independence, that no peo-
pie ought to bear the burden of taxa
tion, aud yet be denied the right Of rep
resentation. 1t would have been in con-
sonance with the express provisions of
the Constitution, that "each State shall
at least have one Representative, " and
that no State, without its consent, shall
be deprived of its equal suffrage 10 the
Senate" q These provisions were inten-
ded to secure to every State, and to the
people of every State, the right of rep
resentation in each House of Congress;
and sorimportant was it deemed by the
trainers Of the Constitution that the
equality of the States in the Senate
should be preserved, that not even by
an amendment of the Constitution can
any State, without its consent, be denied
a voice in that branch of the National
Legislature '4
ii- THE OBJECTS OF THE WAR.
1t is true, it has been assumed that
theexistehce of the States was terminal
ed by the rebellious acts of their inhabi-
tants, and that the insurrection having
been suppressed, they were thencefor-
ward to be considered merely as con-
quered territories. The legislative, ex-
ecutive and judicial departments of the
Government have, however, with great
distinctness and uniform consistency,
refused to sanction an assumption so
incompatible with the nature of our re-
publican system, and with the professed
objects of the war. Throughout the
recent Legislation of Congress, the unde-
niable fact makes itself apparent, that
these ten political communities are
nothing less than States of this Union.
AT the very commencement of the re-
bellion, each House declared, with a
unanimity as remarkable as it was sig
niticant, that the war was not "waged,
upon our part, in any spirit of oppres-
sion, nor for any purpose of conquest Or
subjugation, nor purpose of overthrow.
ing or interfering with the rights or es-
tabFshed institutions of those States,
but to defend and maintain the suprem-
acy ofthe Constitution aud all laws made
in pursuance thereof, and to preserve
the Union with,all the dignity, equality,
and rights of the, several States unim-
paired: aud that IS soon as these OBJ
jects" were accomplished the war
ought to cease" In some instances,
Senators were permitted to continue
their Legislative functions, while in 9th
er instances, Representatives were elect
ed and admitted to seats after their
States had formally declared their right
to Withdraw from the Union, and were
endeavoring to maintain that right by
force of arms, All of the States whose
people were in insurection, as States,
were included in the apportionment of
the direct tax of twenty millions of dol
lars annually laid upon the United
States by the act approved 5th August,
1861. Congress, by the act of March 4,
1862, and by the aPPortionment of rep
resentation hereunder, also recognized
their presence as States in the Union
and they have, for Judicial purposes,
been divided into districts, as States
alone can be divided The same recog-
nition appears in. the recent legislation
in reference to Tennessee, which evil
IDENTIFY rests upon the fact that the func-
tons OF the State were not destroyed by
the rebellion but merely suspended
and that principle is of course applica-
bic to those States which, like Teunes-
see, attempted to renopnce their places
in the Union. t'tliIE Il LII "a
The action of the Executive Depart
ment of the Government upon this sub
ject has been equally definite and uni
form, and the purpose of the war was
specifically stated in the Proclamation
of my predecessor on the 22d day of
September, 1862. 1t was then solemn
ly proclaimed and declared that ''here-
after, as heretofore, the war will be pros
ecuted for the object Of practically res
toring the constitutional relation be-
tween the United States and each of the
States and the people thereof, in which |
States that relation is or may be sus-
pended or disturbed" /D ~" .-. !
The recognition of the States'by the
judicial Department of the Government
has also been clear and conclusive in all
proceedings affecting them as States,
had in the Supreme, Circuit, and Judi
cial Courts ..
OF THE REvoLTED STATES.
In the admission of Senators and
from any and all of the
States, there can be no just ground of
apprehension that persons who are dis
loyal will be clothed with the powers of
for this could not happen
when the Constitution and the laws are
enforced by a vigilant and faithful Con-
gress. Each House is made the "judge |
of the elections, returns, and qualifica-
tons of its own MEMBERS" and may,
with the concurrence of two-thirds,
expel a member When o Senator or
presents his certificate of
he may at once be admitted or
rejectedi or, should there be any ques-
tinn na 70 hin olinih;liix, his orod dnntials |