The New York herald., 1866-02-13

Tor ITSELF the right OF manumitting all slaves by an
pie over ssrvitude through their legislatures
tailed, and the privileged class was swift In Imposing
legal and constitutional distractions on the people them
selves Inc power OF emancipation narrowed
or taken away The slave might not be disauieted by
education There remained an unconfessed conscious
ness that thc system OF bondage wrong and
restless memory that 1t was variance with the true
American tradition; its safety therefore be So
cured py political organization. The generation that
made the constitution for the prcdonancc OF
freedom In Congress- by the ordinance OF Jcerson the
votes IN the senate and who II limited at an organic
act that should concade To the collective South veto
power on national lie 9ation, assumed that each state
separately had the right revise and nuy OF the
United States according TO the discretion Of its judg-
ment
The new theory hung as bias on the foreign rela-
ons OF the country; there could be recognition OF
Hayti, OF tho American colony Of Liberia;
and the world was given to understand that the estab
llshment OF free labor In Cuba would be n for
Wrestling that island from Spain Territories were an
slavery have its share In them ALL and II accepted
for a time the dividing line between tho unquesoncd
labor was 10 be tolerated. few years passed away and
the new school, strong and arrogant demanded and re-
ceived an apology for applying the Jefferson proviso 10
Oregon
The application OF that proviso was interrupted for
ward In the news that the men OF California had
chosen freedom, Calhoun heard tho knel OF parting
slavery, and on his deathbed he counseed secession
Washington and Jefferson and Madison had died de-
sparng Of the abolition of slavery Calhoun died in
despair at the growth OF freedom. His system rushed
irresistibly 10 Its natural development The death
struggle for California followed by short truce but
the school OF politicians who said that slavery
not evil but good soon sought to recover the ground
they had lost and confident OF securing Texas, they
demanded that the established line in the Territories
between freedom and slavery should be botted out
The country, believing In the strength and enterprise
and expansive energy OF freedom made answer though
reluctantly :"Bo II So let there be strife between
brethren let freedom and slavery compete the Terri
q "A n
administration" and on this theory II any, the
contest might have been left TO tho decision OF timo
DRIED SCOTT DECISION
The South started back in appamcnt from Its victory,
for knew that fair competition foroboded It's defeat
But where could IL now ind ally 10 save II from Us
own mistaken What have next to say s spoken with
no emotion but regret Our meeting today IL, as II
were at the grave in the presence OF Eternity and tho
truth must be uttered In soberness and sincerity In
great republic as was observed more than two
thousand years ago. any attempt TO oyerturn the
State its strength to aid from branch OF the
government The Chief Justice OF the United States,
without any necessity occasion, volunteered to
to the rescue OF the theory OF slavery And from his
there lay appeal but 10 the bar OF humanity
and history. Against the constitution, against the
memory Of the nation, against previous decision,
against series OF enactnents he decided that the slave
Is property, that slave property Ia entitled TO no less
protection than any other property, that the constu
ton uphods IL In every Territory against any act OF
local Legislature and against Congress Itself; or
as the President tersely promulgated the saying
Kansas is as much slave state ~ South Carolina or
Georgia. slavery by virtue OF the constitution, exists
every Territory" The municipal character OF slavery
being thus taken away and slave property dccreed TO be
sacred the authorty OF the courts invoked TO In
trodae Il BY the comfy Of law into states where slavery
had been abolished and In one Of tho courts OF the
United states Judge pronounced the African slave
trade Legitimate and numerous and powerful advocates
demanded its restoration.
AND SLAVE RACES.
Moreover the Chief Justice, In his elaborate opinion
announced what had never been heard from any mags
traie OF Greece or Rome-what unknown 70 civil
law and canon law, and fcudal law, and common law
and constitutional law; unknown W Jay, 70 Rutcdge,
Ellsworth and Marshall-that there arc 'siavc races"
The spirit OF evil Is intensely logical Having the
authority OF this decision, Ave States swiftly followed
the earlier example OF sixth, and opened the way Tor
reducing te free negro TO bondage; tho migrating free
sss 4 he s' % sSsaea x: :S sP .Sa g nine
raj resources destined 10 incacuabe grcatne~ closed
as BY Taey decision i had ths right 70 do-shal every
free black who would live within It's limits must
accept the condition OF slavery for himself and his
posterity.
Only one step more remained 10 be taken. Jefferson
Flea thai te ensayemopt Of the African was socially
morally and politically wrong The now school was
founded exactly upon the opposite idea and they ro-
solved distract the democratic party, for which
the Supreme Court had now furnished the means and
then TO establish new government with negro slavery
for its corner stone, as socially morally and politically
right
As the Presidential election drew on, one OF the old
traditional parties did not mako its appearance the
other reeled sought To preserve s old position and
the candidate who most peary represented ts best opn
Ion, driven by patriotic zeal, roamed tio country
end end W speak tor union eager at least 70 confront
Its enemies, yet not having hope that Il would md Us
denycrance through him. The storm rose 70 whiri.
wind who should alay is wrathi The most experienced
statesmen OF the country had failed there hope
from those who great after tho ncsh could relief
come from oue whose wisdom was Ike the wisdom Of
little ehldrenf
FAIRLY LIVE ov ABRAHAM Lroots
The choice Of America fell man born west OF ths
Aeghanes IN the cabin OF poor people Of Hardin county
HIS mother coud read but not wrts his father could
do neither; but his parents sent him with an Old spell
ing book 10 school, and he learned In bis childhood 70
when slsh, ycars old he noaied down tho Ohio with
po~sessions 70 the shore Of Indiana and child he
was he gave help they oled through dense forests 70
the Interior Of spencer county There IN INC land o.
solitude for his teacher In bis mednAiive hours OF
Asai,c literature he knew only the Bible; Of Greek,
Asops Fables; Of English, John Bunyans Pilgrims
Progress. The traditions q George Fox and william
Penn p.sssd 70 bia dmly along he lines q '~s ecu
EDrcSTIos.
Otherwise bis education vas sitossshsr American
rs II: .s Inc y. a s sss.
stady and something d Jefferson and Madison reached
him through Henry Clay, whom be honored from boy:
The American peopI.-wsIfsd in ~ light reasoned vim
m reason thought with its power of thought felt the
sssI o y mighty nss e &, ase % s, s "a s ss'
A. nineteen, feeling impulses Of ambition 70 get on In
The world he engaged himself " % down Tho his
slssipp, IN q hafboat receiving ten dollars . month
Tor hls wages and afterwards he made the trip once
more. Al twenty-one he drove hs fathers cattle a.
the family migratsd 10 Illinois and split rails 70 fence
In the new homestead IN the Wild AZ twenty three
he was captain OF volunteers In the Black Hawk war.
He kept a shop he learned somslhing u surveying;
bat Of English literature he added 70 Bunyan nothing
but Shakspere'a plays AZ twenty I've be vm elected
N The Legislature of Illinois, where he served eight
years Al txsnty-scyen he admitted W the bar.
In lssT he chose his homo Al Springfield tho beautiful
center OF tho richest land In the state IN 1871 he
a member of the national Congress, where be voted
about forty times IN favor of the pincple of The JET
feron proyiso. In 1854 he gave his nnuence ~ elect
from III n0is Va the American Senate Democrat Who
would certainly do justice 10 Kansas In 1865, ~ The
rival q Douglas, he vent before the people ~ the
mighty Prarie state saying This Union CANNOT per.
rnanenty endure half slave and half free, the Union
will not be dissolved but the house viii ceaae " ss
divided !" and nov In 1900 with no erperisnee what