The New York herald., 1866-02-22
Peru
TOPOGRAPHY AND STATISTICS.


Peru.
TOPOGRAPHY AND srATIsTIcs.
Pcru the first State to Join Chile In opposition TO the
aggessons OF span is Of far greater size strength and
wealth, In and resources The Of the State
sos 9s6 square miles The Andes mountains traverse
the State and separate 1t into three regions, each OF
which may almost be said to have climate Of its
The central Montana district Is composed Of the table
land and has average elevation OF twelve thousand
feet above the ocean, and temperature which produces
mild and salubrious and very healthy climate The
mountain valleys exceedingly fertile and produce the
cereals of this c mate in fine proportion to the The
extensive pastures OF this region chiefly devoted to
raising sheep, of which there large 1ocks Tho dis
rct Of the Andes part Of what Is called the Great
Central Plain of South America" partakes less de-
gree Of the climate natural 10 the temperate zones and
is pr ncpay uncutvated, being covered by denss for
OF tropical The district west Of the Andes,
known the vaes aud sometimes called the coast dis
tric has average breadth Of sixty seventy miles
and unhealthy climate Rains, which are frequent
the mountains and eastery slopes, seldom fall here
though heavy ogs and dews frequent The climate Of
the western district sultry and unhealthy and the region
arid and tberess The western district is rich In mine
rails producing iron, copper, tin, coal and nitrate or
soda The islands belonging TO Peru arc also very
rch in guano, from which the principal revenue of the
state produced The two islands Of Chncba and Lopez
alone contain deposits Of 46 900 COO tons of this ma
tora without taking into consideration the other small
islands and deposits.
The pr ncipal cities Lima the capital population
about l50 O0O Callao the port Of Lima, 10000; Pisco,
30 600; Arequpa, 30 900, and Tuxllo, about 49, 900
The population Of the State In 1859 was 600 Tho
in 1861 amounted 10 $2 S32 of which s16
OIL ISL derived from the sale Of euano aone and tho
remainder from customs The expenditures for the
year $21 446 468, just fraction two hun
dred thousand dollars than the receipts The pub
lie debt in 1862 $23 ass. 76l The exports in 1860
valued at s35 the imp rts at SIS So5
Thetand ng army 1862 numbered Of infantry, 400,
cavalry 200 artillery 1000 gondarmorie 54oe TOTAL
1o0oS The navy In the same year was composed OF six
steamrs carrying y guns; one armed sailing brig OF IL
guns three Transports 10 gums one steam transport and
six hulks-making total Of II vessels and "a guns Al
ironclad corvette built in England, at Brest France
on January 3D. route to Peru The persomet Of the
navy embraced l27 oficersl oIo seamen. 400 marines
and 1886 artlests-in all l,s74 The merchant marine
In 1861 amounted to 10 vessels measuring "a 234 tons
IT'S HISTORY.
The generally accepted history Of Pcru under th'
Incas is of course founded very doubtful material
Balboa the dscovercr OF the Pacific Ocean, started al
expedition In 1911 against Peru which was the orgina
Ei Dorado OF the Spanards, bat failed 10 occupy th'
country His SUCCESSOR Pzarro, succeeded his second
attempt In 1888, and built the city at present known
Lima The spaniards held possession Of 1t, despite o.
endless dlsscusons among themselves until 1s2l wher
the people revolted and under General San Martin ant
Simon Bolivar eded In establishing their indepcnd
in 1925 About the timo Bclivsr resigned h'
D. tatorship and succeeded In separating the present
state Bolivia from Peru. The latter state IN ls2t
framed n imitation Of that OF this country, rnde
which Il has existed with increasing prosperity
D.ll. D.~. F.eo kalAt
suhjugated ba 1899 ihn confederation dissolves
and the States resumed their original forms Of gov
| ernment Slavery abolished In Peru by the term
Of the Declaration OF Independence 1921 prsc
tcally until 1856, when General Castillo freed th
slaves by proclamation
The motives Of Peru in onng Chile In the agnins
the mother country have iatcy been promulgated b,
the Peru ian Secretary Of State or Foreign hnstr Dol
Forbio Pacheco and stated 10 be In order 10 "nvo
the future dangers with which Me state finds tsel
menaced by the now rrctensions Of Spain; to gail
reparation for onenses ceved and to unite with fhi
and the othcr republics treaty for mutual protection
and for tho purpose OF checking Spain in her absorptiv
and aggressive policy In South America"
Irs GOVERNMENT.
The following the government of Peru o. prcsen
| Organized
President nt.,::......;"......Ms Mar ano rrado.
forcis Minister. .E........F Foribto Pacheco.
Minis or of t1' Interior. .Josc Nar Q impw
Minister Of Justice. Simeon Fcj da
Minister OF OF y1aanSS ws9 SDa N,v; Sss9s rsrd'
The President Is elected by the people for six years
The legislative power Is vested In senate composed
cos o ano n"rss o. Repre-
every twenty thousand Inhabitants In 1850 the Senate
was composed OF tn rty six members and the House o
eighty-six members Tho ministers and senators form
| the cabinet
|. SKETCH or THE PRESIDENT or PERU.
Mariana l. Prado President supreme ruler Of the
From his earliest youth he has been distinguished fol
his bravery enterprise and military genius. In 1854
which ovcrthrew the administration Of rrcsdcut Rudnc
jose EchcniquN, and commanded nne cavalry regiment