The Wheeling daily intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1865-1903, 1866-05-31
The Treaty which Napoleon ODE


AS Napoleon, in his Auxerre speech,
declared his detestation of the treaty of
1915, it is intererting to remember what
the treaty was. The Pail Mall GdSette
sums up its points thus:
In the first place it was signed by a
larger number of States than had ever
before united in settlement of Euro
pean affairs, including Austria, France,
England, Russia, Prussia, Spain, FOR
tugal, and Sweden. Coming also im-
mediatelyafter the widespread shatter-
ing of old landmarks consequent upon
French conquests, the Encouragement
of territories amounted almost to re-
construction. This reconstruction was
based almost exclusively on dynastic
considerations, the real welfare of ma
tions, and the tendencies of what
are now called "natioualities" being
scarcely thought of. Everywhere
were nations, or fragments of nations,
placed under foreign sovereigntles.
England's gain, indeed, was fully
equalled by her loss in the new plan.
She kept Malta, which was essential to
her position in the Mediterranean, and
where her rule was not unwelcome; for
the sake of Europe generally she un-
dertook the protectorate of the Ionian
Islands, now got rid of; and TO satisfy
royal prejudices she also preserved the
kingdom of Hanover, now also got rid
of.
In Italy, Milanand Venice were given
to Austria, and Sardinia was confirm
ed to Piedmont; while the duchieS of
Tuscany, Parma, Mudena and Placen-
tin were recognized as sham independ-
ent sovereignties, governed by collat-
eral branches of the Austrian auPs-
burg.
.,,.;,,, ~ tho TllUria and Dali
malta.
Prussia's gains were enormous, and,
unlike many of the Austrian, were
acquisitions OF real power. With half
of SaxoHy, nearly all WestPhalia,
Swedish Pomerania, and almost all the
Lower Rhine provinces. she started
afresh as u rival of Austria far more
formidable than before.
In the north of Europe Russia re-
ceived Finland from Swedeni asa COM
pensation for which Sweden received
Norway, which was taken from Den
mark; and Denmark, which was not
represented .:t the Congress, got moth
ing in return.
As to Poland, the three great parti-
TONERS made some fresh rectitication OF
boundaries. The innumerable small
German States which had existed be-
fore the French revolution, and which
had been what diplomRtists call media
tlZedI Or us Plaln peOPls chh ~
swamped, at the setting up of the Bo-
napartist Confederation of the Rhine
these all remained swallowed mp by
their powerful neighbors. Holland,
having ceded her German possessions,
was consoled with the Belgic provinces,
and became kingdom; and Switzer-
land remained much as before.
In the same year, 1915, political phar-
isaism accomplished its masterpiece,
the "Holy Alliance" between Austria,
Russia and Prussia, by which they
bound themselves to act for the future
on Christian principles only, and i'm
mediately proceeded to enforce the alb
soIute supremacy Of kings as the one
great principle of Christianity. All
Europe acquiesced in The announce
ment, with three notable exceptions
the Sultan, whose opinion was not
asked, ana England and the POPE, who
both declined to have anything to do
with the impoSture.