davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1866-05-04

July 81 1884 which also give exclusive jurisdiction 70
tbs Treasury Department therefore if any con-
lrcmnalions in prize have taken place attaching to
property and coming within the apparent puryiew
N these acts IL is my opinion that in the mere and
plain discharge OF his Administrative duties and In the
judcious exercise OF sound and wise discretion, the
Secretary of the Treasury may VOL and lawfully sus
pend the distribution of the proceeds OF all such con-
formations until whatever there be OF questionable IT
anyth ing the true construction OF the acts shall have
definitely determined in proper case or cases be-
fore the Supreme Court Of the United States
BUSINESS IN THE FOURTH AND-sIxrH AUDITORS
OFFICES.
In the office OF the Fourth Auditor OF the Treasury
the following business was transacted during last
month-Four navy agents accounts settled amounting
10 81 1888 $50 thirty masters accounts settled
amounting to So s67 652 four pension accounts s29 037
accounts, s5s1 $40; thousand eight hun
dred and thirty three prize claims, amounting to
1915 929 thousand hundred and hftysix gene
accounts amounting sos 94l and three thousand
and fortyfour accounts, amounting in the aggregate to
s., ,4e4, ISL
In the Office OF the Sixth Auditor the following ex-
pendlluEes made Amount involved In settlement
of accounts 81 sl4 237 amount involved in settlement
Of foreign mail accounts 3l64 242; amount Of Posmas
ter Generals drafts and $62s s69 amopnt Of
Auditors drafts, $55, 000
The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1866-05-04

Mr. Hox,s said the nowers of the constitution for
the regulton OF commerce were limited In many re-
spects. -
Mr. CRrswEII said the pending bill was but ono Of
great many of the same kind soon to follow He re-
ferre1 q measure now pending in the House Tor The
authorization Of a railroad between New York ana Wash
ington He challenged either Mr. Howe or Mr.. Sumner
to show single instance in which such authority was
granted Congress There two classes or powers
granted to the general governmentone as between the
States MS States and tho other between tho States
a Union, and foreign countries. The exclusive lnrisdic
ton OF State over its territory had been
denied. Mr. Creswe read from Elliott's Debates and
from Jefferson, Madison and Hamilton TO show that ac
cordIng these authorities the general government had
right TO interfere with the internal ars Of state
In the contemplated in the bill now before the
Senate. He looked upon the bill AZ vital blow at
the great railroad Interests of the country Its
effects would be disastrous upon great interest which
had expended in the last ten 1854 900 s4 and con-
structed twenty-five thousand two hundred and four
miles Of road in that time. The State of Maryland had
expended s35 S44 600 In railroads, and out Of this had
lost SCI 900, 600; from the remainder the income
derived in tho last year s5i4 l62 That State had
been exceedingly liberal in her railroad interests.
Mr snERs,N, srepl Of Ohio said the Baliines and ri
transferring passengers in the city Of Baltimore
Mr.. CREswELL said he was not baggage master OF tho
Baltimore and Ohio Railroad and could notsay now that
Mr sHERNAw-But you spoke of the hberaty OF the
railroads In Maryland.
Air. CREswEti-I spoke OF the lberaty OF Tie State
OF Maryland la regard 70 rasroads
Mr. Johnson, (deml Of Md, spoke Of the service rem
dered 10 the government during the war by the Balt-
and Ohio Railroad. He said II regarded by the
late President MS Invaluable
Mr. SHERMAN said the railroad system OF Maryland was
OF great complaint and annoy to passengers
You check trunk west from here exrep by the
Baltimore and Ohio Railroad you buy ticket
for any other except by going 10 Baltiadge and
then, after travelling through that city, taking another
road.
THE rcsr oPFrcE APPROPRIATION
having been returned the Senate Mr. Poland entered
motion TO recons der the vote by which II passed
He looked upon the amendment put upon thrs bill a
revolutionary. Congress might well refuse to appro
INF fha
10 pay salaries OF officers appointed by the President
He wished his motion 10 lie ON the table until oil now
in Of preparation in relation 10 apponl ats w
presented 20 the Senate.
The reconsideration OF the Post 0ce bill was Axed To-
Monday next, at O'Clock u. NJ
The Senate, al twenty minutes past four 4. N.
adjourned
The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1866-05-04
The Clause Relating to the Appointing
Power of the President to
be Reconsidered.
4 Slice Of Utah Territory Added
to Nevada.
The House Army B,M Resurrectcd and Re.
turned to the Committee.
wAsnlSaros, May ., 1866.

WASHINGTON, May y, IoOo
ADMISSION OF COLORADO.
Phe thirty seventh State added to the Union to-
day by passage of the bill for the admission of Col
crado Some the parties opposed to it have started
rumor the President will veto the BILL but many Of
~ friends such apprehension, the President,
early in the session. a special message submitted the
question CT admission Congress for the that the
irreguiarity TO time and mode OF adopting the con-
stitution prevented him from issuing proclamation
Immediately de aring Colorado State in the Union as
contemplated by the terms of the enabling act Messrs
Evans Chaee the Senators elect are in Washington.
TIE TEXAS DELEGATION CONFER WITH THE PREsf.
DENT
The President to-day admitted the delegates from the
Texas convention audience. The delegation Is
composed OF OF recognized loyalty, and who are
anxious the earliest to the natural
relations Of their State with the national government.
The interview mainly Of conversational and social
character The subjects talked upon had more or less
bearing upon the business OF their visit here but nothing
formal said or done.
THE CABINET AND THE RECONSTRUCTION COMMIT
TEE REPORT.
The truth OF the report telegrapbed hence to the
press of the views of members OF the Cabinet con-
csrning tho late propositions Of the Reconstruction
Committee has been questioned save In one par
Neuar namely, the position alleged TO have been taken
BY Secretary stanton II this has been msstated oil
which there Ne yet evidence, It is presumed the
The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1866-05-04

Issrg 90 LfcDsrs-cArTi"H TO Li9ioh bhAL-
rss-rns Hrsisrss ~ nnookLfs.
rhre~ hundred appllcHlons fov hesus ssrs hisi yss
t.rdsy At bsadqasrserg, N hou arss'. nas ~ Tie
whole nsmbr ms far resolved tvo ibous@ns TIE
Fu.p.ctor co.snsi BArsrsn, dareH 70 csafisa nqoor
dealers a.sn,s lgpo>r who ~. snirg rySi represent
"a themselves - srnpiorss ~ the Bos'a q fteine
wien the pr~a~rcs n sny ysrron u rsgarrf ~ bssd
aan,ssss tlsry wi bs n8tfed ~ sbs sseressry due
form rt usn 10 gefssn whose appiifsssgn has t.sn
rne1 ~ tie J.iioe captain reed spgnsr NJ he cGee
" ths Issyertgf, anIsss W hssi the sggiicstin
krsas nsu,~s ~ Lo9ussr sas asss1 W Srestssni
.ehglr yesterday.
orsHsrtovs ~ ras vrctss law ~ ssoosLyS.
hleh sorroiion sfisl< smons ns igscs nss n
Byo>kyn owlnr fsrs that th~ ts~<tssf csyssi.
have O. ssfase IN sgtibcstbon= nsny stfrss
~ gss~ns Thas fer tut h1Dtfsf spti~sfs 90 have
tssn eneors<d, ~kk sbsr. hires tb>as~11 " us
Isg.f basin - IL u.sf city
N'sfs~ met siss~ ~ith rlitvr frssssor ~ t~siFs
s.o<s ssAyI " lss sssr 70 i.sl4 " Suea 40 Iss
The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1866-05-04

oxsyRAL CASgY IssrHtCTgD TO nsLEssE raH
syQrgsTEArEp CorTor-Tng President pfHsr.
PROVES oY MS ISrrnyEREscg wtTn THx rEiTgD
STATES corEr.
Hew OrIsAys, Way isn
ny Instructions of the President gensrsi cssby has
released The cotton irsd by tho military and tanned
ovsr ~ the United s,ase~ Msnh6
rresl1snt Johnsos he's ovi~sed Gensr&l fsnby ho 70
Interfere With the United SAse~ CouN The President
~rvs ordered General Candy 10 make . faB rsgor ~
n,ersph of The confit upon vhch be setsd Lbs
couy ~ opened immsfssseiy
CoVoo pnckAased Bales 4, 600 tsi~s si az %.
for nfddHng rodays recslrss. t's tsiss -tetIns "a
change % Hev Yosk checks 4 pr~l.am bsGkN
ven DAFT xnd snchAAged
The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1866-05-04
ADDITIONAL FACTS AND FIGURES.
CrOnise & Co. Versus the COnti-
mental Bank.
A QUES TON OF VERACiTY.
&c. nc. &c.

The forgcrics alleged to have been committed upon
certain banks aud Arms by ono John Roas lately doing
business az broker No "a Exchange place yesterday
furnished topics Of conversation 70 all the business men
on Wall street the iacts publahed IN tho IiEaAp having
speedily enlightened the community as 10 the magninS"
Of tho frauds No further developments Of Importance,
however we're brought about to Tie many inquiries of
Interested parties and the statements with which no
reader is already found 70 be decidedly
accurate.
ITEMS or INTEREST.
or the antceedens OF the central figure 10 ne drama
there s sim nothing known His former residence aud
occupation his nativity, his personal appearance aud
age were and likely to BE- mere matters OF Hpeca'
lation A report found crcScnce To the enect That
Ross had been formerly employed as ciork by
tho arm Of Samuel nalct Co, but thu Aser
lion could not supported by any reliable evidence,
ard or the many Of Information current few ai'
really worthy of belief There " a present no doult
that tho forIc had devoted much time TO the ayhf ~
bis plans il being affirmed that no had last started IN
the brokerage business In June last ii bank account
With tho Union Bank dld not then exceed tho sum u
I'VE hundred dollar bu, at later day amounted at ccr
tain tines to afty.gevon thoafand dollars. banking
accouu, was also kept With the Continental bank-ths
double display u bong made with view TO
dazzling his financially and pecuIallscly inclined friends
\ reward Of twenty.avo dollars yesterday offered
for such Information might load 10 The discovery II
tho house which The supposed fof8er bad taken up MS
abode ba, This liberal oGer bad no at last accounts,
been productive OF rcsponso thc part d hoo
who ar, presumed To bo n tho secret
srrroagp lacArE or rrr FonGrR.
rpon tho discovery OF The forgehes The vctimlzed
tar,ics al ouoe oomtuaPiDaiod Win Tho poiire Tlo
Eagish mail Persia ard ihe Havana steamship
MORO castle were thoroughly searched The rcrtona
/ of the nlrcfu however, heinW ffulcss. The Psrho
mail steamer Arizona that ielt this port fneeaf
however visited and fears are eaiertainod that
the guilty party may have thn qulitea New York ie~
hours previous to the gganir ffaedh being msde public
| ruF LosERs AND THRfg LOssKs.
| In tho o. Groctbnck a Co hnss, u would sem
bal dspnsted with the Grm twenty Michigan Central
Railroad bonds pIrp0rng " be tho or gina documents
he hAd purchased from the gentocn short limo
previous but IN reality, cevcfly executed fofgeriee
Upon thor deposit Mossra Gfoesbeck Co loaned 90"
man $ia 600 with whit ho Grcamped, the lorEcfy
being discovered days later Tho other items
correctly repor. in yesterdays HgHSLp Tho cniFs
amount oi money aHduionily obtained amounting TO
$685. Tss aud the lnecr by Tie operations bchs as fo
| alua.E A Ia
The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1866-05-04

rrprmrsw 30 rr pr ON rHist--Tpa srw.rr Frs-
tiow % ToE0HHOv v~-9sAsD AEvgyaL ~ snA.
CIR.
YesisriAy tbs Tsnians - iAs .y vssa ,arrans NJ ts
Erslon " tbs xsnhsilan csEifrs - NY stspbn' ~
tom1ilety n tts nalfeaaancs fr ~heh thsy hsfs ~
OgstsA vxsb0ay. mr. sism thsi o. okabosy "coi
have Ess- hsss shsm issraur ksi u ~ ,ssn fof
s,sxAs1s yho sieasss sna sh~sis1 hin ~ soS's,a-
has. hen tha ranhAusn oonsnS9lona tts ~ cf'l.~
Lsrs az ss1 " br srhsus.ee Hsny = ihfh isn'aai"s
h.ss entirety isis lars 70 tbs SitAess ars t,fsur
me sssliag 10 int@ns~ sDf ad eqsN ~ bs~s~ 90
srs<.ntss. rss sft~rsis thfosss tbs lAh t~a"nsy "
..,rw,s ssrsfsg rHs ss-srs
~fu ~ h~ha - "A . sity ancffv~ Tvs s~pf~~~1 W
-. 1890 ~ snneasa rbs @~tsior o. ssrtl~sDsn
-. .,..s.ss s,,..sssr n.sas<ss ss< ssrss.
49, "a 40 se.n 1~ysrssrs ss1 cksss
rssADus1s tks wust~
sH.st 70 ssnru urv
m. ssn.v-a nss2sss 0 "a fls 6'kssoayN1 esp.
o~., s,s s.sry ~bss~ es~is~etsG sGss, snf sssAss
s,w,,~vsS 10 fof ss<sS RsAssss s6< svessy cs
ssri rss~tsy sssn,ne ne ssA iss ssssl rsny vsh -
80 ss transb. nsh Jss~y usy nsxy u ns soe~vs-
s-es1y { sEssSssss ~ stpss ~ nnss ss1ssDA
The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1866-05-04

ssr ri 80 ~ ,hg sb0ye prntsi dpraipsnts, rnt
nsnly ~ f0f taYs Nsantlr1s g
~ buf,eG that the rysntnanitY s hNtii . a. -
softns paiieOss Ssgsloppsnss thai tbe mat pfrtse
tgtesLs10w fsailfa ts sesh ~ na g@rhsf "
tls fsAslfy of lss fiAsmsAt nasas ~ ths giLsf.
The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1866-05-04
THE NEGRO RIOT IN MEMPHIS.
Thirty Houses Destroyes--ren More Ne-
groes Kiiicd-Negro soldiers Threaten
TO Burn the City-Thcy arc Kept In
Fort Pickering by the neguiars.


About thirty houses occupied by colorcd people, and
al the school booscs In south Nfmphs, were pulled
down or burned last night.
Ten negroes we're killed during ~ day and night
Everything quiet this mornlus aud u Is hoped that
order II flly restored.
Nearly all tho ncgors rcd 10 ia. foods last night, but
relurped again this morning
1'--grrs Nsy ., 1905
TIE cliy remaDs qrse, AZ nine s.ock tonight rhc
MORO sniicB recently mustered ont wsss paid OF In
For, Pickering day. They threaten 10 burn the city
tonight Great uncasiness IL felt They are kept In
the fort by portion u tho Slxte nth regulars General
soneman this afternoon stved notice upon the Mayor
the Council and connly ohcers, forbdling the asscm.
hling any bodies o armed black or Whit, except
the police lar AZ they relied on 20 preserve tho
peac' arrc number o. negroes were arrested 10 day
aud found heavily armed
The New York herald., 1866-05-09

THE PHILADELPHIA MURDERER PRoBsT.-The
horrible crime of Probst in numbering the Deer
ing family, which he has now confessed, Is 50
fendsh that for the sake of humanity we would
rather throw pail Of impenetrable darkness
over it, If that were possible, than to recur to
it. But ii cannot be oblitcrated. u is one Of
those extraordinary crimes that are never tor
gotten. The remembrance Of 1t in our day,
and the story of 1t in future times, will make
people shudder with horror. Yet there are
those who say that such a wretch should live,
that the death penalty should be abolished.
There are pretended philanthropists who would
only punish him by imprisonment and after
term Of years let him loose on society again.
Revolving as executions are 1t would be more
revolving to know that such an inhuman iend
existed. The only way TO prevent such crimes
is by certain, terrible and swift punishment
One Of the chief causes of so many fearful
crimes that have been committed in the coun-
try lately may be found in the uncertainty Of
punishment and chances Of escape. Let the
man with murder in his heart know that no
quibblcs of the law or lawyers, influence of
politicians, or appeals Of false philanthropy
can save him from the gsllows, and be will
hesitate to commit the crime he contemplated
Too often insanity is pleaded to save crimi-
nails, and we should not be surprised 70 hear
that this plea is made to save Probst 1t is said
he Frequently laughed while detailing his con-
fession Of these horrible cPimes.r II may be
urged that no man, however nhuman, could
laugh under such circumstances II sane. Il
does seem almost incredible, and IL would be
some relief II We could know the wretch was
insane But the deliberate purpose conceived
some time before the deed, and the manner Of
executing II, with all the attending circumstan-
ces, forbid such q thought. Happily such
strocious crimes are rare, but there have been
monsters similar to this one whose sanity was
a. undoubted as their cruelty. We havo no
heart or disposition 10 enter into the sickening
details Of the appalling murder Of the Dsering
family, and for the sake Of human nature would
throw veil of oblivion over II; but we feel 10
is our duty 10 the public on this occasion to
warn the executive, judicial and legislative
bodies Of the country against yielding to the
appeals of sentimental philantbropists about
the death penalty. Without this safeguard 10
society nobody, no family would be safe. Had
the law been executed more surely and swiftly
than n hss been we should not have heard Of
so many murders and perhaps not Of this most
horrible QUE The welfare Of society Is 70 be
The New York herald., 1866-05-09

financial CHARACTER. We submit these views as
suggestions and hope Mr.. Sherman, who has
begun right and has .>ken up the matter IN
earnest, may consider them 'esl IL Ssy oe
necessary to have another bill to essabiish
uniform currency, to abolish the national Hanks,
and to create some system by which the papcr
money ofthe government may be made as valua-
bleas coin If that should be done, there would
be no necessity for the coin clause of the fund
ing bill. However, the main object is now to
fund the debt reduce the interest, and provide
for it's extinguishment
But as no general system of national finance
will be complete or can be as successful as de-
sired until the currency and monetary institu-
tions of the country be puton proper basis,
one Of the first things to be done is to abolish
tho so-called national banks and make govern
ment legal tenders the only currency Of the
country. These banks are a fraud and cheat
upon the people. They take tho profits upon
three hundred millions of circulation which
might and ought to 60 into the Treasury for
the benefit of the public, without pay
ing anything for the privilege. Being call
ed national banks, and issuing cur
rency called national, people have thought
they were government institutions; that
the government was liable for their transac-
tions, and that they were perfectly safe, while,
in fact, they ore but private institutions and no
more secure than other banks. Their circula-
ton is secured, it is true, by deposits of gov
ernment bonds, and this, under all ordinary
circumstances, may secure the note holders;
but the recent failures show that depositors,
and even the government itself, may suffer by
their failure The people aredeceived by these
so-called national banks They are vast and
dangerous monopoly, of no benefit to the gov
ernment or the people, and only profitable to
the monopolists themselves. The act creating
uem ought to be repealed. The government
should buy up or retire the bonds now de-
posted by these banks by new issue Of legal
tenders equal to the amount of their circula-
ton, and thus save the interest on these bonds
II would not increase the volume of currency,
would give a sounder and more preferable cur
rency, and would save to the country an
amount that, at compound interest, would pay
the national debt within fifty years. We call up
on Mr.. Sherman. who begins to take broad views
on the general subject of finance, and upon
Congress to lay the foundation OF sound and
permanent system Of currency, as well as for
the management and liquidation of the ma
tional debt.
The New York herald., 1866-05-09

the whole, We entertain the most alarming an
ticipations in regard to Mr.. Weed. His agency
in this Japanese business is so clear, his repu-
tation hitherto SO pure, and his sensitiveness
as to responsibility so extreme, that unless he
be deprived of all edged tools, even at dinner,
we shall not presume to answer for the con-
sequences ~ sys., ~. iy7-Sss
The New York herald., 1866-05-09

Aprlze fight for SIX hundred dollars came of yesterday
pcrnins at White House Landing, on the Virginia side
Of she Potomac river between Sam Collier Of Balti-
more, and Race Bolster Of Washington city, which
won by Corr after forty.nine rounds Bolster broke
his hand in ehc ninth rounA, and was badly beaten,
while Collier came out Of ths ring almost unscathed
On the return Of she party To- Washington shooting
affay took place ON the steamboat, in which man
named Donnelly was said to be fatally wounded
Three large buildings In Chicago destroyed by fire
on Monday. The loss is estimated at sl70,0O0
The murderers of John L. Campbell were sentenced
yesterday at Herkimer. N r., TO years mprison
ment at Auburn.
The New York herald., 1866-05-09
TR IPLE SH e EFT.
New York, Wednesday, May ., 1866.
TO ADVERTISERS.

To nsurerhe proper classification of advertise rcns
they must be brought in before halfpas eight O'Clock
in the evening.
The New York herald., 1866-05-09

FATAL ExPLOsIoSs.-Explosions by steam.
gunpowder and nitroglycerine, are becoming
alarmingly frequent Every day We hear Of
steam boiler explosions, about every othsr
day we have . report that Dupont's,
Hazards or Lafiin's powder mills have
been blown up; and the melancholy In
stances Of the loss Of life BY the explo-
sion Of the new combustibls, nitro-giycerine,
are too fresh in the memory Of our readers
10 require repetition. These occurrences arc
rare in Europe, and II would seem that we
Americans are either careless or do not pos
sess q proper knowledge Of dangerous explo-
sive materials, or these accidents would be
hess frequent There should be some stringent
law respecting powder mills, ~ there Is In
regard TO steam boilers; and ~ for the new
and terrible explosive, nitro-glycerine, the
sooner II ceases to be an article Of commerce
the better for every community
THIRSTY TALK ABour THE EXCISE LAW
There is great deal Of talk and considerably
more thirst about the neE Excise Law. In his
thirsty talk on the topic many an old topper
and baroom politician is beside himself Ia
his wrathful dsnunciation Of the law. No
doubt political capital will be made Of q sll
around, while the ides Of practical temperance
reclamation is secondary consideration. tek
vs. waiI aad ABIDE The gesals VI IL wetking<
The New York herald., 1866-05-09

Our latcs, dates from New Brunswick previous 10
those published this morning, represented the anti
federaoniss Of that province badly defeated and the
Cabinet Of the Lieutenant Governor forced to resign
supposed that Parliament would not be dissolved
but that the confederation scheme would be hastily
carried through over the heads OF the people. By
the news from correspondent at st. John,
now appears that the t.confederaonists have
RED their point that Parliament s TO be dissolved to-
day and an eieion ordered The question Of confcdera
son will of course be the ISSUE and important IA
the interests Of the British colonies individually and
The news report from Kingston, Jamaica, BY way Of
Havana is dated 10 the 18th Of April; but We have
already had adviccs 10 the 18th ult
The Feuian panic has broken out In Owen Sound
Canada The mythic feet Of swscny, from Chicago
was reported In full view heading for that point yeser
day. and the call for volunteers was Immediately
raised The volunteers being absent on the bor-
der the citizens armed and paraded the streets
oil night the Fcnians OF this city were engaged
yesterday with the reported doin Of the Senate now IN
session The rumors about stephens attracted little a.
tension, his complicty with Kilisn Mahony business
having dvcsied him Of oil power In American Fcniansm
0'Mahony and Kan are assailins each other In lons
documents through the papers KilhAn has little "a
say, but holds the lease Of the mansion.
Secretary McCullochs VISIT 10 For'rsss Monroe was
merely one Of pleasure and has no sani6cation In On
Official point Of view. His colorcd steward, who had
formerly belonged 10 Mrs Davis, paid his respects 70
that lady, and vn becomingiy received The Secretary
has returned 70 Washington and reports that the prison
trestmen, extended Mr. Davis s unnecessarily severe
The United States Court was opened yesterday q
Savannah On Thursday the constisu,onay Of the test
oath Ia TO be argued.
The United States Court at Norfolk Judge Underwood
presiding was opened yesterday. The Judge charged
tho Jury. dwelling upon tho necessity Of bringing The
rebel leaders TO trial for ncng and continuing rebellion
Dsloyal papers. lie Sad, should nss 1e a.sEsrsd wis
The New York herald., 1866-05-09

M
The New York herald., 1866-05-09

GEORGE CHRISTY'S-OLp SCHOOL or MlSsrasLsy
s,LAps MUSICAL GEMS. &c. Fifth Avenue Opera House
Nos aad West Twenty fourth strcet.-fas THRxs