The national Republican., 1866-07-06
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gatiuual @rpnblifau.
Tne Foersh or July.

The Declaration Of American Indepen-
dence which was made in Philadelphia, July
Z, l776, when IL was made, the clonies
making II were but thirteen in number,
sparse1y populated, poorly developed, want
ing in wealth, and disinclined to the costs
which would follow national life, 0well as
to the expenses Of blood and treasure which
would be required to. secure il. They felt
themselves compelled to action, nevertheless,
and their action wrenched from England a
better possession than she has in India, and
q more prosperous dependency than any
other empire has ever had. They tore away
. few Atlantic colonies, immature, half
peopled and waste. In the. ninety years
which have elapsed from that event nation
ality has been created, new States have been
formed, novel systems Of political govern
ment have been created, and the whole body
and outline of free institutions has been put
in order, with constantly increasing breadth
Of plan and scope OF design.
The thirteen original States have out
grown their limits; new States have been
created; the old industries have been en-
larged; new ones have been added, and what
formed the first confederation is but the
neusleus Of what exists. In 1888 the whole
territory covered but s20,S6O square miles,
In 1858 il contained 2,963, ,666 square miles,
and has since been enlarged. In 1890 the
total population was 1928, 1927; in 1860, 3l,-
AS, ,080. In 1890 the productions were not
equalto the demand. In 1860 the agricul-
ture and manufactures exceeded the de-
mand and since then they have been greatly
enlarged. The number Of mining and man.
ufacturing establishments was l22,300 in
1860, with an invested capital of 81, ,O5O, ,OOO,-
600; the value Of raw material used was
81 100000; the number Of hands en-
ployed, l,3S4,200; and the value of the an
nual product, 81, SOC, 100000. The popula-
tion, which was only about 100000 at the
beginning, Is now estimated at AZ, ,32S, ,432 in
1870; 56,45O,2 ,24l in 1880; 1926, ,9S9 in 1890;
and loo, ,355, ,sO2 in 1900. In 1860 the value
Of farms was S6,650,s72,597. r.,
About one thirteenth of the whole area
was improved and one eighth more occupied
bat not improved, leaving about four ffths
OF the entire area unimproved. If the total
population and wealth Of the country is
quadrupled, we shall therefore get an idea Of
what the whole will be when one condition
covers every State. There are $4,000 cotton
plantations, 1000 RICE 2,6sl sugar, and l5,-
745 tobacco. Iron manufactures, which began
in Pennsylvania, Massachusetts,, and New
York before the war, rose to productive
value Of S67 ,828, ,23l in 1860. Cotton manufac.
ture commenced in 1890, and in 1850 there
were LOLA factories, consuming GAL ,240 bales
Of cotton. The value of the product was $685.
sol ,687 in 1850, and l5,237 1926 in 1860.
Woolen manufactures began in 1910, and in
1860 the capital invested was $35, $780, ,527,
consuming S96,000,0OO worth Of WOOL The
manufacture Of leather rose from nothing to
$63,O9l ,05l. The exports in 100 were E395,.
600, and the imports f344, 900. In 1860 these
figures were changed to $4O0, ,122 ,296 exports,
and 1862, l63, ,94l imports. In 1882 there
were l3l miles Of railroad; in 1862, 81, ,ll4.-
90. In 1858 some s9O,OOO,OOO had been ex.
pended in canals. In 1860 the expenditure
exceeded SlOO,O0O,OOO. There are about
10000 miles Of telepraphic communication
There are about 10000 schools, exclusive of
the public institutions accommodating more
than 100000 pupils. Newspapers are fully
1000 in number. The religious endowment
exceeds that Of any other nation.