, 1866-02-20

ticle shall be furnished to the consumer ftee |
Of duty, and not Z man1teeao9y at the kind
Of goods imported ehail - As-wo<k In this
country. AL AK is, fha4 the point Of time
present, when re ali understand our capaci-
ties for supply and demand = r.:
The foreign producer fulnisk he's M article to
The consumer st cost OF fve dollars. We
viii now protect our MIL owner BY putting
on duty Of forty par cent 60 that the article
nov cost him sesen dosla[s;. Immediately
the producer opens up p2ann[acturing estab-
Iishmeuts in this country. Before the duty
wae levied, he claimed be could not produce
the 1--WE dollars' worth NJ goods at lesa cost
than h4e dolihrs, md, as there was no proat,
lie could not run his mill That Is, his raw
material. lahor and rent, cost him I've dollars,
tozsa. and reqt, ,weHill estimate, cost. him %
-pt{ cent, fog lhsee douars.> aud The .labn1
Tcqufsitc to work It up, % per cent, fur two
dollars, Nov th4t he is protected BY drtynf
40 per cent, on the imported article, ho can
get OF the consumer seven dollars, for that
which before coat him I've doliars, leaving
margin of 40 per cent for profit and increased
portion Of mntcrial and rent, cost of the h7e
dollars 90 per cent, and that Of labor 10 per
cent; to Substantive the truth Of
tho proposition under considers
tion, IT, l. plain the material
and rent should cost 90 per cent Of the seven
dollars, or s4.a0; and the rages Of the me.
chanic 20 per cent: or s.. 60 instead Of s. and
g. respectively, as before. But The mill owner
will esy, "Whefe are my proftsf On this
principle l GIN no better Of than wa5 before
! must have profit in order 10 run my mill"
The mill owner and the laborets are sensible.
men, and It must 10 agreed that the former
shall have profit. Indeed, he must hare It,
lev x1nr$ vail 1nxv eY,nh hail
-beH The dividends declared By the msnufae-
turing establishments in this country ranged
: In 1865 from Is to so, and eSen a. high as
100 Per cent on the capital employed, after
paying for materials and labor, besides large
salaries to officials to manage: than. l will,
however, eiye ny supposed produces only tsh
involved Is Tie same) on tic haven dollars.
Now how does the case staua2 This ten per
cent profit must come out Of the cost
to the producer OF the raw material
and Of the mechanics wages. Stick q
pin here: the mill owner mutt hare q
p,ga,. dust what the import duty. l.
cannot be run unlesa apro6t can be realized.
He cannot raise the price abovese!en dollars,
or his goods Will remain unsold upon his
htuds therefore, giving him his 10 per cent.
profit, or say seventy cents, VIC have but $3.50
ID divide between the producer Of tie raw
materials instead of s420, and ios labor s. 50
instead Of $50: That Is to say, the farnsr
who produces the raw material, and the me-
chnufc who earns the wages, do not get On 3D.
rance stin The ratio 1ciM he ineredss Of he
pries Of the protected goods"
Tho protectionist will come in here, and
give glowing presentations Of how the compe-
tition between the home mill.oWnels Is going
to lower the price Of the homemade article,
80 that by and by we shall have 1t as cheap
as any body can make II. But "plaln peo-
ple'' are not to be deceived With these
prophecies. How arc the mill owners to re-
1uce the cost OF the fabric, except they will
take less profit, Or reduce the price paid the
producer for materials and lhbor? Il will be
seen they cannot, and so when we have, by
legislative protection, built up great moneyel
interest, the process Of grinding the laoorcr
will commence.
That Is Just tho result Of the protective pol.
icy Of England. After having pursued an
exclusively protective policy, and GTouna the M
BILE, they found In 1928 TINT the s1Imlf was
reached, both Of consumption and produc-
tipn, The question was, "hpW can we In
crease consumption 81 The people at home
could consume no more, because thsy had not
the means Of purchase, and foreign consump-
Of production The tenehing Of Adam Smith
suggested the way ont Of the difficulty, and
the duty was then taken of Of wool. A few
days since was shown In the Chicago
Tribune the result Of this opera
tion. Presently The policy Of FREQ Trnde
was EXTENDED, until at this time import
and the last steamer brought intelligence that
Mr.. Gladstone proposes q still further reduc-
tion. In other words, free trade policy, tim
idly inaugurated in ISIS, md boldly adopted
in 1s4C as the settled policy Of the nation, has
extended It's range Of operations to the pres.
ent time. What has been the effect Of thM
policy upon the labor and agriculture Of Eng
| 1ands -Nerer before ,oere 80 many acres under
etAtisation; Aestr before tras The average yield
per acre so great, nor The srages Of nHchanscs 70
high.
that my figures arc Pnt together to suit q
purpose, The test Of theory ia the result,
when put tn practice. I claim TO show BY
| the figures here given TINT protective policy
is 4 Gllacy, by showing that ''an lmpost on
| foreign manufactures" dots moi, nor eaanot, all
oil4tr Miags being equal, "iucrease the yalue
Of the farmers products, and the wages Of
mechanics, In q correspoadiaJ rdi.o with the
| increase Of the price Of the protected goods" !"
I claim that the result OF the free trade
| policy In England has been been beneficial to
| the consumer, and has benefited the producer
as well. As II has resulted there, 80 It would
Ii This country, for VIC hare the requisite
capital and labor, skill and courage
Ny s5sd 5sso1d 2 prGRsson re naTSs . be
quircs 10 demonstration. It has been shown
| In previous article the cost Of rcvenue col
| lected under the protective thrift Of 1SG5 to be
excessive. Certainly, II tho producer geta no
more for his product than " q corresponding
ratio with the increase Of the price Of the pro,
tected goods" he + not 6fnyned By the tariff,
| unless It can be shown that this mode is the
| cheapest enc Of raising rcvruuc, whereas It
| has shown to be the most expensive mode,
| The consumer. for whose benefit lis the sole
end aud purpose Of all production" Is sacri.
iced without benefit to any except the mill
| owner.
Il Ia not The mill owners' excessive profits
alone that make legislative protection odlousl
] 1t Ii calculated also to induce us to rely upon
something beside cur own Industry skill and
| col,1ngc, II introduces low standard o1
morals In trado it lnculcatea wrong notion.
of the powers and duties Of Government; Il
aids in building up classes In society, where
the only differences In free country ehould
be those based on intelligence, merit, success
It docs nothing for Us that Is worth the cost
and has no real claim fal our suffrage.
Cheap ClosblnE In Canada.
EdIioss Chicago Tribune:
A Free Trade correspondent, who eIgn
himself "Occldent," makes statemcnts &c
spsettpg the present tariff that show him K
! possess the virtues of truth and caudor Il
about the same degree Of Jack FalstRf- Herr
are some of his statements:
"Eow, II The present discussion has proved 1nJ
thing, hae settled the fact that snIt OF clothes
so,tng y nc Canada sss 10 50 IN gresaeas e 6 esn, n,
be Fo, applied 10 The thirty millions Of the nation
Ehai Pilo of money - ~ 10 dfszense nak;s! AZ
en- do not fob It, whese doea Il got Certainly th
nation does not get 1t in The shape OF revenue
| According to my understanding, the Cana
dian tariff Is 20 per cent on British goods
On isM ayeraEs e.. - Rsr cent Ss but al y
cent. Thus, If suit Of clothes can be sol
In Canada for SIS ip greenbacks-a1loW
ing the importer and seller 20 per cent pro
Nt-they must have cost 24.30 to the inpor
ter. The 20 per cent Of duty will make thci
cost SO. Add 20 per cent TO this for sell
er's profits, and ne have IS.
NOW apply the same rule to goods importe,
into New York Instead Of Montreal, and "
have the following result; First cost Of IN
ported suit Of clothes in grcenbacks, $ea. 30
tariff Of 50 per cent ls ST.. Is, which added +
!. cost and his price Of goods in hands Of sci
fare, to wholesaler and retailer, $3.50. Adj
this to cost Of goods md the price Of III
suit to the consumer Is $3.50, instead 9
SIS OF Of $50, as affirmed by "0ccfdenL
Now one OF two things must be true; eithe
tho American merchants e1act some thre
times or four times Us much profit for sellin
goods as the Canadian merchants do, or t'Ot
cidcnt u has asserted monstrous talsehoot
II the former is true, then the Canadian N el
chants would do wisely to move their busine:
into the Statesn and sell ons people DR.
! goods at decent prices.
Il makes no difference what par cent {
| profit is allowed to the merchant In Cauad
or America, provided that each charge abor
the came per cent on the cost Of the good
Merchandise should not, In this country, {