The Charleston daily news. [volume] (Charleston, S.C.) 1865-1873, 1866-07-21
The Daily n ews.
. SATURDAY MORNING, JULY 81. 1866.


union of all those various States under one power
ful Government has been for years the favorito
dream of large party among tho Italians, and
the traditional policy OF tho House Of Savoy. 1t
was in the hope Of carrying out this scheme that
CHARLES ALBERT, when tho revolution broke out
In Lombardo- -Vanetia in 1s4S. placed himself at
the head of the movement and marched with his
army into Lombardy.
The hated rule of the Austrians in the Peninsu-
la seemed about to be broken, when two victories
by RADETsKY over the Sardiniaps and insurgents
turned the scale and seemed to threaten the very
existence of the Sardinisn monarchy. CHARLES
ALBERT was forced to abdicate in favor OF his son,
VICTOR EMANUEL. The Austrian hold upon Lom-
hardy and Venice seemed 6xed faster than ever.
Meantime, revolutions in tho Papal States, in Ma
pies, and elsewhere, we're likewise put down and
were followed by severe reactionary measures.
VIoroR EMANUEL, on tho other hand, had been
securing his position as the leader of the party OF
unity, by fostering liberal institutions, while, at
tho same time, he had greatly augmented the
material resources and foreign influence of his
kingdom, and had cementod an alliance with
France to aid him in his ulterior desigus Austria
took tho alarm, and made preparations for war.
Tho people Of Italy believed that the moment OF
national unity and regeneration was at hand; and
brilliant campaign of 1859, peace was arranged
at villafranca, whereby Sardinia became the pur
chaser of nearly all of Lombardy, except the i'm
portant fortresses Of Peschera and Mantus, for
the sum of $40, 000, while the rest OF Lombar-
dy and the whole of Venice we're retained by
Austria.
Since that time the great question in Italy, up
to the present year. has been the disposal of Rome.
The day has seemed close at hand when that city,
too, must be added to the new kingdom Of Italy;
but, unexpectedly, Austria has been the first to
loose her hold upon an unwilling people, and the
Pope still clings to his temporal power. The ac-
cession Of territory which VICTOR EMANUEL. has
made, or probably will make, by the war just
closed, comprises the entire Government of Ve-
nice having an area Of 9,198 square miles, and
population of 2,166, 900; and the small remnant of
Lombardy, with q population Of perhaps 40, 600.
VICTOR EMANUEL, when he came to the throne,
had about 5000, 900 subjects. he has reigned II
years, and has now nearly 25,0O0,OO0.
OF the Italians in Europe, therefore, we see that
about as 600, 600 owe allegiance to the new king
dom, while there are 1,55o,OOO subject to foreign
powers, and TIA, 900 under the dominion Of minor
Italian sovereigns.
dARIBALDI.
Giuseppe Garibaldi, the son OF an Italian sea-
brought up to follow his fathers calling. From
early youth he manifested that daring and chival-
rous spirit which has characterized him through
while mere boy, was the saving Of a poor Dor woman
from drowning at the risk of his own life. He
was e1iled in 1881, and went to Marsees, whence
Of him at Rio Janeiro, when he engaged unsuc.
cessfuly in mercantile pursuits. The revolution
in Uruguay soon opened to him more congenial
field OF activity. Fitting out a small bark, which
he named the Mazzini, he sailed for the Republic
with twenty companions, but on the way encoun-
tered two launches of the enemy. An engagement
dangerously wounded. Disembarking on neutral
territory, he succeeded in joining an expedition
commanded by tho insurgent leader Bento Co..
zsies. He married South American woman Of
extraordinary energy and devotion, and accom-
panied and aided by her, he served in the forces
OF the Republic until the cessation OF hostities.
When Rosas, the Dictator OF Buenos Ayres, de-
clared war against Uruguay, he was charged with
the command of the Republican fleet. Some
times, however, he fought in the ranks Of the
Italian Legion on land, and occasionally COM
called him to his native country and he placed
himself at tho disposal of Charles Albert. He
fought with his accustomed ,gallantry in Lom-
hardy until overpnwered by the Austrians, and
then he took command under tho revolutionary
Government of Rome. During the siege Of that
city by the French he was stationed outside the
defeated a greatly superior force and took 800
prisoners. He beat tho Ncapolitans in two
battles, and after the capture Of the city resolved
with his handful Of men, to continue the struggle
in tho open country With 1000 mon he set out
for Naples, finally, after series Of remarka-
bly, dexterous m '@uvres, reached San Mariuo,
aud there with only 1900 men remaining found
himself hcmmed in Hu would have accented the
amnesty offered him, bnt the Austrians wished to
exclude from it few French soldiers, and, rather
than sacrifice them, he resolved, with about half
his force, to mako by night another effort TO
escape. He succeeded, with about 900 men, in
getting aboard some fishing boats at Casenatico,
and made sail for Venice. His little feet was
described by the Austrian squadron in the Adri-
attic and dispersed. Some were captured and
others ran ashore. Among tire latter was the
boat containing Garibaldi and his heroic wife
Two days later, Anna Garibadi died. The chief
tho east coast to the west, and finally reached
Chicavari, in the Sandman State He came to
New York in 1850, and supported himself by work.
ing in q candle factory on Staten Island, until he
found. an opportunity Of returning to his old
calling Of seaman.
In 1858 he was invited by the Sandman Gov
ernment to form national legion, which soon be-
came celebrated under the name OF Cacofato,7
dele Alpt or Hunters of the Alps. Landing at
Marsaia, in Sicily, May 10, 1860, he rallied some
OF the revolutidnists TO his standard, cantured
Palermo, entered Messina, and by the end or Jnlv
was master Of all Sicily, with the title Of Dictator
The King evacuated tho capital, and GariSaldi
made bis solemn entrance into Naples on the All
OF September. In opposition to the wishes of the
extreme party, Garibadi made over his macnis.
cent conquest to the King OF Sardinia. and re.
tired to hl- little farm in the Island Of Caprera.
In August 1862, Notwithstanding the decided
hostility of Victor Emanuel, he embarked with A
few volunteers for Catania, on his way to Rome.
1ntnyN