The Pacific commercial advertiser. [volume] (Honolulu, Hawaiian Islands) 1856-1888, 1865-10-07
PACIFIC
Commercial Advertiser.
Trzz-l1.sd frcn he Preach q tire Port Jocs CIaEE.,5a-J Con-
mereszi Gzrzts-
Investigations i'm Regard to
Cane Juice,
And the Notifications 1T undeIgoes dur
ing the Process of Extraction
at Nautilus.
BY DR. E. Icery-
Part First.
Part First.
II. MICROSCOPIC EXAMINATION.
Continued from orr last.

IL. -llIhOStOHlC AahINAllON
Cane juice has been the object of diverse ex-
aainstions st different periods. Chemistry has
unfoldsd the different substances which. together,
constitute this liquid. and has described, with
more OF less success, the Utmost nature and quail
tiles Of these substances besides, IL has pointed
cut precisely the proper notifications Of each Of
them under the influence Of agents used in sugar
manufacture. and it has also put the planter on
guard against the alterations which he has 70
combat. But If the chemical qualities Of juice
have been studied with care, We can say in return
that is physiological state has been completely
leg out. The most recent authors. who have
tEeated Of the cane have not been precise upon
ibis point. At first view, one is doubtless aston
ished that after the minute examinations which
have been made Of the structure Of cane, IL is
SILL necessary 70 submit the liquid extracted from
II 70 new microscopic Investigations, and, above
all, II may be possible 20 deduce certain facts
from 10 worthy Of notice.
Juice il q liquid in which a certain number of
immediate organic substances and minerals are
found dissolved IL contains, besides, an organ
izsi matter appreciable 70 the microscope, and
which has, IN colonial sugar manufacture, too
great an Importance not TO call the attention Of
TIE lubricant 10 IL; and, moreover, / may not
make this an object of special examination. I
nave never carried my researches in q physiolog-
zeal point of view 10 the nature of the body and
functions which belong TO it in the accomplish
ment OF the phenomena which govern the nutri-
tlJu Dl esltfe anu the IDrUlEiOn Oh sugar IL does
not enter within the scope of my designs. 10
agitate this question. and to establish hypothesis
that may bewiider without profit. l desire sim
ply 70 throw light upon one fact among the best
characterized, and 10 point out the consequences
which, in our Ignorance, are daily flowing from
IL IN our mills while extracting sugar.
When cane juice is expressed, whatever NAV
bs the means employed, press or mill, it always
carries With 1t some fragments Of tissue and de-
bis Of cells, which form, al the end of a certain
time, 81 the bottom Of the vessel containing the
juice, a deposit, more or less abundant, accord
ing - the degree OF compression used. To the
FAXED eye these strange PARTICLES in the liquid
ale easily seen, and appear under the microscope
Confused and torn ike any vegetable matter sub
United 10 strong pressure Three-quarters of an
hour 10 generally required for this debris 70 set
ts p%ropeSly. Bat however long il may stand,
even till fermentation sets in. the top LIQUID never
becomes limpid, but maintains always 4 milky
appearance. In bringing 1T under the microscope
IL this state, it viii be seen that all fragments
snd eell-debris have disappeared. IF the Juice
was alone formed by water holding q certain
numbe- or bodies IN sJlutiOn, Il would be more
OF less colOred. but after the precipitation of the
organic debris II ought not To preserve the equivO-
cl appearance (Ouche) which cnaTacterizes il.
JGice -, IN effect, formed Of two distinct parts,
the one liquid and I'll. other solid. The first is
composed Of water holding in solution some i'm
mediate organic principles and saline substances
,hs other Is constituted OF corpuscles or granules
held IN suspension through the whole extent of
the liquid, and cannot be eliminated from il by
the means used III separating the most teDuous Of
the cellular debris. These little bodies are glob-
ulOus and are composed OF 4 thin envelope. solid
and transparent, which inclOses a sort Of nucleus
or semi-4ufd matter They are from 0.003 To
COOS millimetre in their longest diameter.
These globules, which I shall call graauIary mat
Ter ~(n1tIere gTGRUldiTe.) of TIE juice form the
inherent part 10 which they give the slight milky
aur@arangs nrDr1r tn ~ They nome frup, -ba
Pith (Ssre) itself Of the cane, where they are
found az every epoch of the development of that
plant. IL l. precipitated with difficulty from the
upper portions OF the juice where il freely floats,
but 1t can easily be isolated nv means Of fltra-
l3n through Joseph Paper. The Juice passes il
deprived entirely of all solid substance, and be-
comes limpid and Of a light brown color. remind
reg one OF clarified sITop. X is remarkable that
n this state II can be preserved nearly twenty
four hours, in the more favorable conditions OF
;he atmosphere, without undergoing the least
change; but after that time il commences 10
change Its aspect, IL becomes unelear. (LOuchc.O
and some cOrpuseles are developed through It's
thickness fermentation begins then and makes
very slow progress, and 1t is only at the end of
Two days. under a temperature Of % : centiEraie
(5S3 Fair? p that some well-formed beads
(5uis) appear IN tie liquid.
hen the juice Is deprived only of the frag-
menls of vegetable matter which il always con-
tains. fermentation, on the contrary. is very
E&pAAlN EEbluCcu AlNrE u tNeyeta0la Ularrerl eX-
traction, and in a few hours the liquid becomes
yi-cid. Fermentation in the last case has nearly
reached Its end, whilst il has not vet commenced
IN thar juice from which the globules have been
separated. This grrnulary matter then PLAYS an
essential part in the fermentation Of Juice, and
ought 70 be considered Is the principal agent of
alteration which takes place IN the liquid during
The hrst twenty-four hours. nearly. which follow
rs extraction from the canes. Juice heated 20
e5Gllition Is deprived of the albuminous substance
~nich II contains, and the latter coaguiating un-
der the influence of heat, seizes the globulous
matter involved in the hoes and brings them 10
the surface Albumin OF cane-juice is equally
= cause provoking fermentation, and TO this alone
is due the alteration of the Juice from which has
been separated the granufous matter for the
Juice. after ebulli,ion, which has been entirely
deprived Of its albumen and globules BY means of
biter, can be preserved perfectly intact during
Two days sc least, az a temperature of so : CEN
tisrade (63 Fah.) At the end of that time will be
seen a feeble cloudy (nnags) appearance all
tnrough IL and the next day a light film ~(cremore)
coTer It's surface at the time the color changes.
blt IL IS not till the end Of the third day that
:ernen-atiOn manife5ts itself strongly.
To resume: juice filtered through cloth and
settled. is = liquid always more or less troubled
or milky. and Of : light greenish yellow tint. as
mUcn more distinct As the cane Is more ripe. and
u IL Is = ribboned cane it is still more distinct.
In a nomal state, deductions made of tissue de-
bis, which are always Academia and can ALWAYS
De removed, II Is formed. one part Of solid granu-
lar substances and the other a liquid uart, holding
IN solution q certain number of organic and
mineral substances. The solid portion is consti-
tured OF globules or organized bodies. which ere
suspended througa the whole extent Of the LIQUID.
and which differs essentially from the other vege-
table principles contained in the juice. These
si55ales which, possessing during life without
sny doubt special physiological qualities. are all