, 1865-08-04

The Boston Adtrttser Is publishing Sc
sles OF lettr1r, sail u bs from. Gen. Car
shurz, VIII las gone South by authority o1
the Government, to Investigate upon the con.
diticn OF atE.trs. lie gives n conversation
which h. 1aG with planter just returning
to his home about the possibility Of making
the Hegtocs labor, and says:
~ bare now heard @ coed many So1stern
| people kNak about tits subject, some Of
ths1n very emphatic In their protestations
| that they accept things A5 they art, without
any meut1l reservation restoration of the
uc.cp, abandonment Of the right Of secas-
sion, abolition Of elhvery and all-but when
cger ycu question them about pa.tscullr3 a3
find this to he the burden OF the song: Tue
uigger is fee,. to be sure, bue he will
f'not work unless compelled to w,.k :;
We tLuat make him work somehow !;
we una. 1staad tie matter, and wt vii. sec
about that as soon as The co1t1ol If lha po-
litical power in the State Is restored to lis
btltcTe every Intelligent Southern man
yerg is gcno and cannot be restored, but he
depioses tee fact mna. sincerely. I: the re-
| g1oes were Lot so 'tenloIal!2eu' ns to rrn-
der escsy attempt to restore the did form Of
ela7ely dangerous, ! have no Goubt the at
tempt xonld be made. Bat thu 'temorallz2-
| L!pu VI tnc eo.u1e1 FAYE 1es nor nefthss II.
| On tte othcs band, the Introduction Of
iona tide Eysttm ot fee labor Il d
thug whrlly foreign to the South
| esnt.'5 idsas. lie does not know
what free labor is. The problem he feels
himself at Iressnt called upon t. solve IS,
how 10 i1,2nss Is many duties uron, and
grant as feT rights to, the negro as poss!b'c.
ny conversations with Southern people, and
shall seen be able to speak more adylsedly
iioM Etfsotal observation, and shall then 70
more fully into the sucJcct."
The w7iter describes ride which he took
from Beaufort to u plantation In thcnti, ,hbor-
hot1. H. SAYS;
"Our Va. I'D Us through fields cultivated
By fret dmt !, mainly refugees, who had Ar-
rived INT a,sbort tins brinre. It would he
uareastnsbta 10 txrect that the fltst at-
ttmp:s of = euancipsted stare to set uo for
htmself. attempts made under urGayo:ab1e
c}rcGnl3tGt,;.:s, should ln all cases n.ove per
fec,ly sucls ssful. Some Of the cotton ind
cota fields through wL:ch re passed Werc In
decidedly bud staic OF cultivation, uthcrs
better, In. hardly sny quite satisfactory I'M
III We reached tee plantation to which cur
jon, aey was directed. Then the appearance
Of the crcrs suddenly changed tha fields
were Tree from weeds, the Gotten
plants healthy, ard The corn field.
n5G%ea1s ISfa@ Gss1ate hGayy sH;y{, ylela. EseEy-
We passed through d 1ccst beautiful grove Of
live oaks with its graceful festoons Of gray
mnss-under the shadow of the trees yoomy
leg cabin 10 which a colosctl preacher was
addressing an audience Of dey0ut negroes
fer 1t Has Sunday-until at last VIC foMrd tie
'mansfo4' surrounded With live oaks and
msgroua tEees The estate had, before TIM
planters tf that r'gion, who had gone to
psrts unk3own rs Son as The blue jaeka.a
thFeatentdt their de7cen: npon Beaufort. It
struck messs singular that d min Of snel
wal Esssh xs pnssa .o. 70 ss shsa'd
Tending as 3n the North would be cousld cred
as belonging to fo1ty.acre tarm-bat such
The plantation had been taken possession
ofby the Government, and then leased to q
gentleman from Massachusetts,, who is now !
working it with the same negroes who form.
eriy belonged to the place, and some who |
bad subsequently congfegnted there as refu- |
gees. have heard It frequently repeated hv |
Soufherners that Sosthern mca do not u,t- |
&c; e;staEd The negro, and do hot know how to !
tnant. him. short conyersation with the |
lcssee of tkst plantatinn. together with the
evidences Of thfit and prosperity all arornd,
eonVinced nc that sepsibls. practical Yam
kee, brought up under the Influences Of free l
labor society, is hotter calculated to solve
the great labor problem in the South. in
holde:, whose every step will be guided By |
his former p1ejudices.
The system followed By tho lessee Is sin. |
MY this !: BIS negroes work, and are paid by
the task. Ceriain kinds of work re-
quiting higher skill, for instance plough
whch can be- peaor1ned by lsss skillfnl
1atofeE. EatA ialaNy has q cerrain patch Of
ground for itself, on which vegetables end
sometimes cotton arc raised. The only In
ctutivc to faithful labor Is selfiateIest; and
tho lessee cens.dels it sufficient. He assured t
plsntanon uuce in two days, and to spend
With each Eacg Of lnborels ebout five min
ntes, lcng en:uch to give directions anu to |
Inspect the work going On. No coerctre
mcasures were necessary !; lie had met with
oaly one instance Of refractory conduct; he
Threatened The delinquent with having him
arrested by>tas Provost Marshal OF the near
est military rost, when the delinquent took
to his heels, disappeared. and was neGae
again seen Oh the plantation, Aside from
this every thing had gone on smoothly. Tae
ut groes hrc living well, are sa7iog something
from their earnings. have their schools ard
meeting houses, and the lessee is doing an
cxcellent business. ia assulsd US that be
as we'll as his negroes considered the enter-
price perfect success: ..
: Here l. man who is ia possession of land
and cafital he wants other men to lnbo. for
hin. AZ an induce1nsnt. he ofIaEs a falt re-
Ii be wants the work we'll
It. There are other men who want to make
q living by the labor Of their hands. They
know that II order to earn something they
must work st7 IT. The CONTRACT Is made; It
Is tased upon calcuin ion By the
employer tsw much te car aft, I'd to
how much he can Justly demand for
Ills lGbor under existing circumstances.
It IL frc,. transaction, in which neithe. CO.
e7ciun nor protection is necessary. admit
that In oihsr Instances similar attempts hcve
not 60 well succeeded, and the lessee, indeed,
observed thst Ills eolorel people were
rather remarkably good set. But where euc-
ccas was less complete. 1t may have
been owing to the want Of practical
sense IN the directing split, partl3 to
the inconeruity Of the elements he had
to deal with. But the SUCCESS In 6oms
instances proves that the thing can be done
If undertaken in good faith and with sincere |
lion Of the Iee-iabor problem In the South
with the assumption that the negro will not
work nnless forced to work, arc likely to
succeed IN making the negro unwilling to
work. SIN confident the problem will be
solved IS sdo1 Us the school'house occupies
the place where once the whipping-post
stood.
The means which are to be adopted for
the purrose Of bringing ab1ut s1tch happy
result ali over the ragt area Of The 8,uth
wilt reserve for future discussion. / will add,
however, that It would be vain to c1ose our
eyes acasnst the extent Of the reform to be
If, cted. I will give an instance. While
We we're converting with the lessee we OBJ
served a negro woman with two children
leaning. against the railing Of ths
eae 1nok that We asked for
tht cause. The story was mournful enough.
shs had been sick. Another woman had
cetc into her house to attend to her WORK.
Her huabenl, Tony, had taken fancy to the
otter woman. Alter awhile he had gone |
arar ard Mnarried her.n She had 1nststel |