, 1865-11-23

If suddenly converted INTO steam, would MI
LOO times its own bulk. Hence, no boiler
cannpn's thickness. = '
The causc Of boiler explosions may be ttpceA
to the sudden conversion Of too much water
into steam. u ope cuhic loot Of water ehould
cIpaud into steam in second, It would tear
= tTenty- horse power boiler into pieces. But
ounce Of water Is converted into steam at
each Jet Of the pump. It will require three
or four Jets to throw in cubic inch Of water.
and an inch makes less than foot Of steam.
Meanwhile, the steam Is escaping into the
cylinders az fast % 1t is being created In the
generator: When the engine stops. the pump
atope. When the pump throws In jets Ii
in equally 9uiEk strokes. How, then, can 1t
explode! There Is no large mass Of water in
the generator to suddenly Taporize and tear
it 10 atoms It, does seem. as II Mr..
: Danford had solved the. problem Of per-
fcct safety by simply koepanE the stock OF
water ostside IF his boiler instead gf inside q ~,
as Is the present custom. and using 1t as he
needs It. The water in tho tank Is sa1e and
harmless; but confined in boiler over q
fierce heat It becomes ungrY and terrible In
1ts wrath. Why is 1t not the true principle
10 admit the water to the boiler OF Eencrator
only 50 fast as the heat can convert 1t into
steame Docs not this secure absolute safety
III
weight Of 6oilerss Only onc-third Of the
space Of boiler Is devoted to steam, two
thirds are filed with water. As super-hcatcd
steam is at least double as powerful as the
steam in locomotives, only half the remain
ing space Is required. In other words a gen
cration Of cne-sisth the capacity OF boiler
will equal 1t In efficient power.
A multitude Of Improvements In The en-.
gfnc and boiler have been made since: Watts
Tine. Watt, in 1863, 50 fur perfected sta
tionury engines and boilers that they came
into general use lor manufacturin. purposes.
Fulton successfully applied Watts steam ma
chimes to propelling boats through the water
tn 1907, but he made little or no Improvement
on the engine or boiler. Stephenson, in 1929,
coinotion. Ericsson invented tie screw pro-
peIler in 1S;1. One man invented tubular
boilers, another Gne boilers, another cut offs,
safety valves, indicators, condeusers, blowers,
governors, eccentrics, throttlc-vaives, steam
nlaIuns, pressure gauges, ty-cocks, DC, &c.
Perhaps Thousand Improvements, great and
small, hare been made On the marine, loco
motive and stationary steam machine since
Watts time. But al1tbc inventors have pro-
ccctled CIR the principle laid down by the Mar
quis Of Worcester 10 1C6.;, Of gcncrating the
steam in the vessel containing the supply Of
water.
II was reserved for Mr. Danford to chal-
~
absttacliug the water from the generator and
admitting It only 50 fast as the tica. can vap-
ol3Ec 1t. Hence his g holler'' contains nothing
but steam. Mr. Dsnford's system Is mort than
an improvement-ft Is total subvcrsion Of
all that has preceded It for two hundred years
In respect to the mode Of vaporizing water for
motive purposes, Hereafter mcn Nill marvel
TINT steam was generated md retained ia the
same yessel containing the water. It will look
ns absurd to them as It would be to put the
coal, aA well as to put the watog, inside the
boiler instead Of outside. And our children
viii shuddcr at the perila encountered BY their
bFcrc but ignorant parents, who applied 100
in q close vessel. strained with compressed
steam and In constant danger of c1p 1plosion
from sudden conversion OF boiling water luto
yapor-a thing that vas occurring almost
daily with terrible destruction Of Life and
property.
As the term "supcrheated steam " Is dcs-
tined hereafter to becvme a tnnliiar word, II
Is proper to explain its meanlng. Many per
sons suppose it means wafer heated until II
is resolved back into its original elements OF
oxygen and hydrogen gases But this Ii an
error. Webster defines 1t thus: sulTr-hkoted
3cdm-stcam removed from contact With Ea-
ter, and heated until It resembles perfect
tiro.ts s,e1ns, and dry *team. Steam heated
I only until the water II holds In suspension Is
vaporized, Is enormously called "superhcated
stcaIn.h Saturated &tod,a Is steam rs delivered
| from a tnass Of water and holding waller in
suspension; mechanically called, also, wet
steam. From these definitions 1t will be seen
TINT the stenM In the common boiler Is satu-
rated steam, Willie That produced by Dam
! fotd's gencr0tor issuper-heatad or dry steam
TINT l., 1t holds no wafer In suspension. The
| latter Is much more powerful for mechanical
purposes thnn tbe former
\ 4 company bas been organized for the In
| PRODUCTION OF this invention into general use,
with uoras{o Alien. Of the Novelty works,
New York. rs President. It's capital /.
fs,1p,0m. and it purposes to grant the
right Of using the invention 10 manufacturers
throughout / nc world, for reasonable roy,
ally upon each horse power. Those who aTs
] interested Ia scientific improvements will find
il worth their Wills 10 make peFsooal exam:
ina.ion Of this very remarkable fnsention.
A competent Eeutleman who las given
| Danfor1'e Invention careful examination
writes in tLe following confident and cnthu
siastic terms:
1uE NEW MOTIVE POWER.
To the Editor Of thc THbune:
! Tie no1e ls-ansps tho new no'tye powcf ~ a.
se1ol@d III ~ D.uto-d's super-lcatc1 Steam Gcner
a,eE,' uictaorcl Ell tEpSesset With Its tery grea
| sn.ue to almost every branch Of human Industry
OF great sanc 70 The txorl, Tits power has fcsera
new po1nt.. eisher ofvhlch would command uni
xe1tal attention. --
Eicus becone }'cl4eetix impossible. No csfrlest
or tnutftrt1ou o the I'aft Of rus4ncc1a ~ 1e
g. q ,oe sh stss
tTcpEt* which ate aeehjy ard almost daily t3,rpn
1cltd in the papecs as hatT.ins rom the WORT
,ssssrgers upon s:eam1,oais sccd not solemniT taE
stare Of thCs friends " hen stepping on board mo
men,.rny e1pectlne to BE- driven heasenward
Msechosses Il Sp nd Psss:.oass.ts, tos IT, time
ueed rot 60 to their lator ~ though they wc1
working ov.r aE:asa:ine which IL liah'e 70 e1
sersnds uIoa Tt he ila tennre 9! huasn sisianSe
hut is amply provided for in the construction Q
tie macEine ,.ec!f; and the most yiRotous, u
I'll the powers used br nan, Is dtsesied OF sli It
terrors aud eflectca1y ha1nessel down TO works q
usefulness md beucfcence. From the monneu
lie beginning OF the end or thcse tc1z1blc casua
ties Il huch nave hurried 50 Hanr Of our feilo",ms
: 10 un.tmeiy EraEs..
J Of lie deetruesibii1.f Of boilers. Deios maaa VI
Il llin nnie1ial, und fastened with great plumbers
to1tF, tome paEts are liable 70 constantly gtse on
Without the greatest care md the most careful al
tcntion On the part Ct Ehe engineers the fQes wt
burn o1t cDtei1lng EIrat expense for repairs. IN
Eise out. The eeneator il n,ade q aolia e:5t 10
at least two inches thick. The beat applied ueye
! exceeds Go degrees the eupethraed steam ca1I|
! Ing on my surplus ot heat This heat u not sun
:
nay not Hs4 I'M ptass. It has be-
supposed by some hat Inns xa,er may form a y
would cause II 10 burn OUT hnt 70 lar IL this feot
: being true, that upon examination. generate
ater beng in fo1 ti1 Eects. ysss found to be
Heea sP posses. @ 'qu qa.ss hss
. the deposit of this lime. 80. -.
q: 1he scenomy Sf weisht ana fp,ee y - Re. e.
ccut over boslcrs. This conside1atton il one ofiu
mense ,11ue III great numbers Of The most tmpu;
rant branches Of Industry in the world. Canal bosl
s sreat W wtisht of ihe eiesm maeh!pesy now il use
Viii The generator, this weight t. at once reduce
ope-h4iE and taiing the weight Of The boiler tnl {
soa1ths aas so Of 1ore. Faref I cspsmsSt. vii 4,
doubtedly considerably reduce this weigh. an
tbeis general introduction into canal boats may
.g U ssssaa asaPs% % Sss wfFht t. Of als e
to cur lines Of internal NAVIGATION, and boats vi
regularly s1sf those parts ol our ereat western re
ngT cn Dx toliqe 81 5s G oIesnd sa ss
| mining districts Of Feyndn and Idaho, the oil n
gonh 81 rcnnsF F1ranta, Virsfu!a and Kentucky, an
. ail EeE countries "hcre Tue surfaee Y rnpSh an
and ceIDpaetresa Of The generator "1l make
|, | almost Indispensable.
Tie fastne q weight upon steamships T. al
fu1 the machinery used. 1t has been estimated th:
IN oecau steamcr tn weight Of metal, ssates, COZ
&C., VIII sASe every Fd5nSe an amount equal 10 Il
tons. In Vessels Of war this saving Of weight e.
be ufel IN adding. 10 the amount Of coal cat1te'
thu. more than doubling the length q the royaQ
i 4th- Tie sacing N t0dtfr IL ftfo-tatr1s or NOR
This IL m ie1p uf importance upon all locomotive
and ocean steamers. When fresh wafer Is to be 6
1itd or to be Distilled from talt wafeE. the wclEs
or the 1abor is matter Of serious moment, aud
saving Of 10 .ssgt per cent Is q d1stdesstnfu.
: 5,b. Tie sotif5 tef fuef Y af Gda onsad.1 orer
| Ordinary boi4fT engine. This tlem alone is suf
cient 10 attract uufsersal attention The daily 60
| Of running an engine. the constaut and tncsltao
Dram upon the pure for incl! u 1he heaT1est "
/ connected with the use Of steam. Double the "
| cost Is chcettul1y paid for IN engine provided
saving Of ten per cent can be made in fuel: VII
! tbe generator The, cost l. reduced oneAalt; th'
| throwing completely IN the shade nl the oFd1ns1
; imrypvcmeuts in enetres. This saving VIII prob
bly, decide In fasor Of stea1n, the mooted QuesIe
which IS the chcaper, Ill things considered vat
J ! or efeam power We arc al the opinion, tba1 the
IVES ncysr machine invented that combined
j many improvements, and such snlions economic
il is c,idept15 destined to completely revolutton
! steam machinery. and gtve yast expansion 70
! rec In pew departments OF hut1an industry. It VI
vastly aid to cm1nejpate man from the dominion
me1e ply ysicalabor and give him time for The c9lu
{ Of his higher powers. 1t brings more complete
rndeY The control Of man one Of The great forces
nature, 10 assist hlun in hts work ot eubouins u
/ n>atefia] world, Holding these YieNG We cam