New-York daily tribune., 1865-12-23

frgf VIacp, tGB rapid power
go many Of those who bnt recently were engaged IN
bitter war against the Union has had effect wnlcl
was certainly rot originally contemplated by the Gov
ornment Treason does under existing ciIcunstenGes
not appear odious in the South The people are not I'm
pressed with any Of its criminality And second
j.. there is. as yet among the Southern people an
utter a5serce Of national feeling made it busine'
while in the South, 10 watch tho symptoms o.
returning loyalty as they appeared not only
lin private conversation, but in The public press
and in the speeches delivered and the resolutions
an expression of hearty attachment to The great
republic or an appeal TO the impulses OF patriot.
ism but wherever submission 10 the heuohei ano'ly
was declared and advocated, IL was almost uniformly
placed upOn two principal grOunds-tbn under present
circumstances ths southern people could 40 no vet
ter and then that submission was the only means Dy
which thoy cond lid themselves O, the tcderal soees,
and obtain once control OF thcirOwn aHdIs ooc
OF the speakers may have been INSPIRED ~ hshef MO
tyes bat upon these TWO arguments they had primer
pay TO rely whenever they wanted TO MAKO an nnp' ~
sion upon The popular mind. II any exception IL 70 De
made 10 this rule il ia LOu5iana in whose metropolis
different spirit cultivated Tor some time but even
there the return in OF those who followed Tue iOf
tunes o. the Confederate ag during the war does Lot
appear 70 have favorable influence upon the growth OF
that sentiment. (Sce Gen. CaDoys letter. Ace DOC.
Nos While admitting that, at present. We have per-
hsps right expect anything better than TINS SUB
missonoyaity which springs from necessity ana car
cuation- do consider 1t safe for the Government
TO base expectations upon II which the manner IN
which |, manfests Itself does not Justify
The reorganization OF civil government IL relieving
the military 10 great extent of its police duties and
judicial functions. But nj the time left the South II
| in the maintenance OF orddr and security. In many
districts robbug and p'nnlering was gong on Win
perfect impuny the roads were infested by bands o,
highwaymen, uumcous assaults occurred ana seyefaS
stage lines vere considered unsafe The statements OF
MaI0r.Gen Woods Brig. Gen. Kirby Smith ana Col.
Gichrist (Acc Doc. Nos. and le) give terrible PIC
tueoi the state Of things ~ the localities they reei TO-
IL IL stated that civil officers are either unwilling or nh
able enforce the laws that man does not dafe 10
testify against another for f9ar of beng murdered ana
that he better elements OF society arc kept down Dy
lawcss characters under system OF terrorism from
my own observation know that these things were not
confined to the districts mentioned In the documents
above referred to- Poth tho Gov srnors OF Alabama
and Mississippi complained Of IL II onclGi prOc!aMa'
tons Cotton horse snd cattle stealing was going on
in all the States visited on an extensive scale such
state II decentralization would call forth extraordinary
measures in any country and 1t IL difficult TO conceive
how in the face Of the neficercy OF the cyll authorl
ties the entire removal OF tie troops can De thought OIL
In spealng above o. the liability OF an insnr-
rectiOnary movement e large scale did not mean
To say that considered resistance IN deto TO the exc
cuton o the laws OF Congress and The measures OF the
Goyernment impossible. OF all subjects connected
with te negro Qces,0n shall speak 10 another part OF
this report But there Is another matter clapius tD@
attention and foresight Of the Government IL is wen
known that the evyng ~ taxes for tie payment o. the
interest national debt IT, and VIII continue 10 De,
very unpopular IN the South IL 10 tTIe 10 striking
DEMONSTRATIONS have as set been made OF any decided
unwngres the part OF the people 10 contribute 10
The a!spnlTEo Oi our 4ttoi3l OiFLlIr. iuoSi vi
the conversations | had with sOutnerGers upon this
subject led mo to apprehend that tbty politicians and
people are rather inclined 70 ask money OF the GoYsIR'
ment IS yegsafun for their emancipaed slaves for
the rebuilding Of The eyees Ne Mississippi and va.
nous kinds of damage done by our armies fOr nlltay
purposes than, the current expression 49, 10 hep
! paying tho expenses OF the whipping they nave re.
ocigel." Ia fact there arc abundant Indications IN
newspaper articles public speeches ard cectioneeEnS
documents Of candidates which render II eminenty
probable that On tho claim Of compensation Tor ther
81 f.
admitted to Representations in Congess, VIII be almost
unit Ia the Mississippi Convention the ldea was
bronched TO have the late slave states relieved from
taxation "for years 10 come" IN consideration OF the
debt due them" f1r the emancipaed sliyes ana thl5
plan have frequently beard advocated IN private con
VCrsaiions need not go into details rs I" the Efforts
made In the southern states IN iator 81 the as.
sumnton Dy those STAKES OF their debts contracted
duUng tho Rebellion. IL may b. assumed with GER
tanty mat those who want to have The southern peo:
pe POOR as they sre Xed for tie payment OF Rebel
debts do not mean have then taxed for the purpose
: OF meeting our national obligations. But whatever
devices may be resorted to- indications justify
the arprehrnsion that tho enforcement Of
llags viii meet with @ refractory SPIRIT and may re
quire serner measures than the mere sending OF reVe
g nno officers into that pnIt Of the country. go
nave annexed to this report numerous letters ad
dressed TO by gentlemen whose views on tie Loyalty
they upon xtendod observation and long e1pe-
Tenco entitled TO consideration. (Letor Of Gen.
Gilmore. Ace. Doc. No. i letter Of Dr. Maekey No.
No 4. letter OF Mr. Pisbury No s; settlement Of Gen
steedman No 6; letter of Gen. Croxton. No u letter
Of Gen Canby, No. q; letter OF Gen. Kirby Smith No
g ete) In these papers variety OF opinions IS ex
pressed, sonO 10 a certain extent sangune others
based up, ess favorable experience. offer them 10
you without exception as they came 10 me. Many Of
the gentlemen who wrote them have never been IN any
way connected with party politics and their uteranees
NAV DO looked upon coming from unbiased and i'm
partial oDserYeis.
TIE NEGRO QUESTION.
/ TIRsr ASPECTS.
! Tho principal cause of that want Of national spirt
which has existed in the South long and at last gave
birth 20 tho Rebellion. that the southern people
cherished, cultivated, ldoized their peculiar interests
nad institutions in preference 10 those which tkey had
in common with tho rest OF the Americ IN people.
Hence the in poranee the negro question as an nte-
gra part OF tie question Of Union IN general and the
! question o. reconstruction in particular.
! When tho war cane 10 close the labor system OF
the South wss already much disturbed. During the
progress ot mil lary operations large numbers OF slaves
had eft lbe- masters and followed tie columns Of our
armics others had taken refuge IN our camps; many
thousands had enlisted IN the service Of the National
Government. Extensive settlements of regroes had
been ormec along the seab0ard and the banks Of the
Mississippi! Gnder the supervision of army officers and
treasury agents and the Government WAS feeding the
colored rougeas who could not be adyantageousy en-
! plo,ed In tho 80 called coLtrGband camps. Many
slaves had also been removed by their maseIs as our
armies penetrated tho country either u Texas or 10
tho interior OF Georgia and Alabama. Thus consid-
erabo portion ol the laborne force bad been with
l drawn from its former emplOymenis. But majority
OF slaves remained on the plantations TO when ihey Dc-
ongs1 especaliy in those parts OF the country which
scro not tonchei By the and where consequently
the Emancipation Proclamation was not enforced ~
! the military power. Although not ignorant Of the
stake they had in the result OF the contest the patient
boolmen waited quietly for the development of things
But rs soon .hesiruggle was finally decided ana our
for,es scattered about IN detachments 10 occnpy
tho country the 50 unmOyed masses began 70 str
Tho report went among them that their liberation was
no longer mere contingency. bur hxed TACT Large
nnmhers OF coored people left the planta
tloos; many focked to our military posts and
I camps 10 obtain the certainty OF their free.
don, ard Others walked away merely for
me ,urpo,e Of leaving the places, which they had
been held slavery, and because they could now 20