, 1865-08-08

o. the responsibility In the upedless 1nn,dags
OF wbich Ande.sonville was thr sccna. Th.s
Ia upon a present conv1c,,on 4,,at wora fro,,
"e'u -tonA
eitues ct t1em would nave ATeBttd tbt
s'npehtef. But let nj ete ,s.hat .flf .rro, MT
a, ,hc t,,,1 az +h. n1nor r,t,,an. 49, 1'.s. ons
tie military court
n~c aAHAUsh
tIoIetsof denTy, the eminent Secretary OF
tic Smithsonian Institute. has expressed
a. r,:-, ~. .L - f'-oseN
;as.ctaa ~ T. en.. . .,;, ~ ~ ,s,ss:-,n uoFo mealtn
H., mons,,. 4h,. eo,+;,.a+ sr. a...u ma s..s ~
S.o,n,nhas 49, 49, ~ - ~ 1taeose1eu y
s...".s .., ..H..aSa 49, Nesen. ~, apu'e Lae
..t,ns,.- ~ $500. ,,la Aaa ~ otaet ~,
s..s..,Is.a ~ "n.u ases nsa
U4.A, 1ron 10 e1'a1ee' Las oeen LUG
sap.a. ~. "n%n 'ne aa!nvl ass peen
~ reu1s15' Hun IF
....,. n ~, o !a'
a' .s r s .s.1, no.ue" ~. tooeualte'
.,, 20 ~ ,.,,NU,.. u"oo u !, u.~aset u Tag
~ ~ s,.". 80 4t1e NC,
-,s r' ~. :. 1890 .ean . =. u""an
e,.,.ia.. " -. :. ee 1ue e'nr
.".,.., -. ~ ." ooas. 'e' upon
.,.a 4s1. 141A,sa .ml"l san. ~ american
,e..,,, ~ D'.," ~
,esa 49,. 49, e.. r,,,.S,. *3's'' !"
~. ~. .S...ss ~ s ,
sn+d herc, tic isnc u he'd unt il l. rooaed of1ts
Thtss. s4iumed ot1t- ctelna. nno then the ownes
ho1 a,ta III ~ i1rse arlds 1,,h n fsni nen, a.
Iep5st the eane +poiat,on; AID snls sanusl e1s~
on Ta.en P,eve: M e. nsef e. =. tas older set;s. and
Ssts' oeio,e 1hcir remotet borders y havs % ios,
sieht Q! tie ssysgs, psfnfnl!y .natcstea that We
i."d r! s1no1 a1 IL ,h q u or
tu toial tcoIomy."
The exhausting nature of our agriculture
1as been moe painfully evident In the ses-
board slave 6tA.es than elsewhere, because
in these States the waste ariEiug from slave
labor Was added to the sources Of waste and
impove1ishnent existing at the Nor h. The
abandoned tobacco fields in rlrginia which
ohcc bloomed with fertility, but before the
war were detette, and the deserted p1anta-
tions Of tbs CaEoiiras ano Georgia arc famI1-
ier to all But this agricultural exhaus:ation
is by no usans peculiar to the South. In
the reiehbozaood Of Albany, New Tori, In
1775. wheat yielded from twenty to forty
tusbc1s per acre, In 1855 from sixteen to
twenty bushels, In 1915 from twelve to H.
teen bushels; while by the Stale ceusus Of
1645 Albany county gave seven and oue-half
bushels per acre, Duchess five, CoiumbIn: six
md Wegtekeefes Bestn vi hin Afty years
pccs ding 1850 the average yield OF wheat in
OLio Rad mlnifhrd 1rrm lhlety to less than
Fl ,etn bufhcls per scrt. NV the average
rreducti.n IL thirteen bushels Der acre.
The ve1y accurate R-povts Of the Ohio
Slate Board of Agriculture" show that the
,vt,sgr {. op Of Indian corn tn that State
during Lie 1ve years IRON 1850 10 1854. 10th
Inclusive, was ss. 81 tushels per ac.c; while
durlpg tie five ytass lrom 1854 to 1858, both
Inclusive, 1t averaged only 81 95 bushels to
the acrc. The average for 1862 WAS lower
ttsn ever BEFORE, to-wlt: IS 96.l00 bushels
per acre. The S!atea west Of Ohio have IN
fortunately no sJs1ema tic mode Of collecting
agricultural s1atistlce, The few Ac.s and
figures accessible tend In the sane direction.
Thus the State censux Of Iowa for 1858 shows
an average wheat production Of only &.1o
bushels per sc1e Tor spring and G.96 for vim
tcr-ozts $40 bushtls PER acre, and corn q. 40,
But the most significant fact indicating that
agriculture, Us heretofore pursued has
reschtd even In the Western ssates It's maxi
num rate OF production. is fpuud in the lex
tpsive retrograar movement from farm
jlg to stock raising. This has ofigf
mated In the h-avy fre.ghts on
1ransport& len, in the decline OF Ger.
tain old crops, including winter wheat, and
in tue advanced rates Of labor, relatively to
production, which IL equivalent to a decline
in production. Throughout Northern I'LL
nois the 1aiatng Of winter whest is gradually
ceasirg u 1t has done In Wes. eIn New Y.zk.
Farmers find the daneera Of Its being win:c.
Killed or destroyed hy The chipch buc, added
10 the heavy +. e!gats sod the uncertainty of
th- ma: :kcts, so far outweiga the chspces of
profit that they are In nj. asure cut OF from
1he1r former choice b, tween wheat and stock,
and compelled 10 rely upon stock alone.
That wheat ia winter killed, as some superb.
csally suppose, In consequence Of an Inc,eas.
ing a7etaEe cold Ia our winters, we do not
tcl!eve. Ne doubt whether there is any
tuch increase In the cnld Of The atmosphere.
and II thtre were, winter wheat does not
depend upon the Temperature of tbe st.
mospb.re, int On IN. u the eol. We think
Il FIR mo,e probable that It Ia Einter killed
b:c,u.. the soil Is growing cotde-. than from
apy chspce In the ayer.ce TEN oerature nf the
mir, The eo1l ID cclder BECAUSE tbe a,hes
which resulted from tie ancient prairie t1r,.
and which in the ea,ly cn,t,yau:n of wintcr
WHEAT kept the soil wnrm dur mr. the winter.
have becn exhausted and peyer been re.sun.
1lied. We are ST.. ngstcp:d d IN this yiew, hy
1hefact that lime and sshss arc p.escrlp: d by
sr1iculru4ists and found success1al rs the
preventive Of winter killing. Whether ths
spread of the ch'nch bug is tn any way :dt
Hc1ig o! anoueeay eannsrttn win weak
nes or -'oee4'ne IN ue plant. azl1ng
ASm inls casnee IN ene soll. we do not
atump' 70 ngue N ene present e.a1e ol
ta un+'eea' p4no1 a4ce ata A'etoce o! al eeasn-
.,"c 'nsts"sssun re'a'1se 10 the gtowtn Of
N ess'' ~: as every othsf 'osm OF insect,
rAe.nE n'cee or otosr k'nas ot ~ecV4l,
hefsisu ny, Whea: hgs &C.. down even to
: nngat, emus and 1',ot. have been traced to
de:e1.ora'son in cer:a Ingredients Of the
fosl II sultisg frs N cop:inuas cropping, which
dets'i.1A ion gives s'se to weakness In The
plan: which lays It open to these .tacks, We
nay venture 10 sugg.s The possibility That
sytn the caiuch bug IL to exception to tbs
lar. For the law uud.r sh ch all these In
sect evils are 1enevo,ently tut,oduced In the
tlviue economy, is that vi vegetation which
las within itself a deficient s1pply of v.co,
ard f. atal1 bc> cat.u up and destroyed by 4
..,, .s,Jd rnd hun INV ,bs1 t,,t ~