davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The weekly pioneer and Democrat. [volume] (Saint Paul, Minn. Territory) 1855-1865, 1865-10-13

PRRsoNAL.-We recently received a
private letter from Rev. E. E. Edwards, late
Chaplain of the Seventh Regiment. He has re-
Gently been appointed Professor of Natural
Sciences at St. Charles (Mo.) University, an
institution under the patronage OF the M. 4.
Church. ut was founded" he writes, I'm
1884, and has an endowment of $25, 900, with
no Indebtedness. The founders were some
liberal gentlemen of st. Louis and St. Charles,
who in 1887 leased or granted the college to
the NJ. E. Church on condition that they would
add 600, 900 to the endowment and sustain in
it a school of college grade In 1874 it pass
cd into the hands of the Church South. When
Gen. Lyon came up the Missouri Rive, the
Professors all ran of, together with some of
the Curators. since which time the Nj. E.
Church left the college to its fate. The old
Curators-the original board-then stepped in
and took back the property, the right to it
having been forfeited by the M. Z. Church
South. They now propose to reorganize it
&c" 80, Tho. g :.
not tor the ague, he would enjoy the piac'
very much. He writes that st. Charles is Al
older place than st. Louis, having been settlet
40 wears ago. The surroundings are oeauti
ful. and the city itself has about 5000 lnhaol
tants. Most of the old residents are selling
ont to new corners, who are principally Ger
noans-so that the old population has neari!
changed. p.
We are glad to hear of the success OF Proi
Edwards, and as he is widely known and muci
nIea here. we print the shove for the lnfor
nation of his frienda
The weekly pioneer and Democrat. [volume] (Saint Paul, Minn. Territory) 1855-1865, 1865-10-13
A SILVER WRDDNe.-We had the rare

A SILVER WRDDNe.-We had the rare
pleasure of being present last evening at one
of these very interesting anniversaries. Mr..
and Mrs. A. n. Lavender were the couple who
received the visits and congratulations of their
friends on the 25th anniversary of their mar
rage. Their residence was filled with their
many friends last evening, and it was near
midnight before the happy throng dispersed.
We quite envied the host and hostess of the
evening the pleasure and pride they must have
felt at the occasion-and indeed all present
must have shared this feeling, as we heard fire.
quent wishes expressed among the younger
portio. Il the company that the time would
soon roll around to their Silver Wedding Day.
Many of those who came brought tokens of
regard more substantial than good wishes and
congratulations, as we saw o centre table quite
covered with silver plate and mementoes-
varying from magnificent silver urn (the
Joint gift of few friends) down to napkin
rings.
Mr.. and Mrs. Lavender were among the very
earliest settlers of our city, having come here
seventeen years ago. We noticed number of
days in this place, among the guests last even
ing. During the evening some very appro-
pirate songs were sung. and Rev. J. D. Pope
offered very touching and suitable prayer.
Nor was the wedding supper" forgotten.
It was one of the notable features of the &C.
>casion.
The company present dispersed at late
hour, parting with the esteemed host and
hostess of the occasion with many warm wishes
that the latter would live to celebrate their
Golden Wedding, and enjoy prosperity and
happiness during the next quarter century.
'.Silver Weddings" are growing to be more
common than formerly, and they are certainly
delightful events, as those who have ever at-
tended any can testify. Let them be still more
FREQUENT in the future, say We. since they old
such close sympathy both with the past and
the present-with the past that has given US
its good. and the future that hope still looks
to for a renewal OF 1t.
The weekly pioneer and Democrat. [volume] (Saint Paul, Minn. Territory) 1855-1865, 1865-10-13
Yioueer 4 9emofrat
The PRYOR CASE.
The Supreme Court Decline to En-
force the Writ Of EabeaS
Corpus.

Saturday morning at nine o'clock was the
hour set for hearing the return to the writ OF
habeas corpus in the case of Pryor, under sen.
tence of death at Fort Smelling. Immediately
on the opening of the Court, H. j. Horn, ESQ.
attorney for the Respondent. read written
answer of Col McLaren, setting forth that he
held Pryor under orders, which were recited,
from Major Gems. Pope and Corse, and that
PRYOR was so held because he had been duly
convicted of murder by Court Martial, regu-
larly convened, &c. Mr.. Horn stated that
Col. McLaren was unable to attend, owing to
official duties.
Mr.. Lochren, on whose motion the writ of
habeas corpus was issued, thereupon moved
that an attachment be issued for Col. McLaren,
and that he be brought in to answer charge
of contempt of Court.
The motion was argued pro and con at con-
siderable length. Mr.. Lochrens argument was
a very able one and we will endeayor to find
room for it in full in day or two.
The court took recess until o'clock, to
consider the motion.
On reassembling at that hour, Chief Justice
Wilson stated that the writ OF attachment
could not be granted. The members of the
bench disagreed somewhat in regard to the
question, although majority concurred in the
decision made. As for himself he thought
the writ should be issued.
Judge Mcmillan said that he thought this
was case in which the court had no juris-
diction.
Judge Berry said in his opinion the court
had jurisdiction, but that Col. McLaren had
given sufficient and legal reason why the
body of Pryor should not be produced.
Mr.. Lochren said it was unavailing on his
part to press the matter farther, and the court
adjourned until week from to .morrow.
This may be considered as settling the fate
of Pryor, and unless his sentence is commuted
by the President of the United States, he will
be executed this week.
The weekly pioneer and Democrat. [volume] (Saint Paul, Minn. Territory) 1855-1865, 1865-10-13
RAspBKRR1Ks IN OoroBER.-This hs

RAsPBRRR1Ks IN OCTOBER has
been wonderful season in more respects than
one. A. 8. Elicit, ESQ.,, showed US last eve.
ming bunch of large fine ripe raspberries,
picked by himself and friend yesterday
morning, at Green Lake, Chisago county.
Think of enjoying ripe raspberries and cream
on October 5. Who will complain now that
this climate is not generous one?
The raspberries are very fine Ones and the
region where they were picked has long been
noted for its fine berries. Good for Green
Lake we saw
The weekly pioneer and Democrat. [volume] (Saint Paul, Minn. Territory) 1855-1865, 1865-10-13
rs HEREB, GIVEN

~ IL the matter Of the application OF q Dav-
ton an insolyent debtor t. be discharged from he
deors u der he provi ions of Chapter & ven v-n;ns
of the Revised Statutes OF the state of Mjnne.ota
Up N reading and ding the petition schedu,e ana
affdsvit of L. G. DAYTON an ins0Ivent de, tor nr.v
ing to be discharged from his debts 10 pureuance ~
the provisions Of The Revised Sta.utes OF Minpesta
above mentioned. an order was made by the Hoo.
able Wescott Wikin, Judge Of the District q nv -
the Second Judicial District OF the STATE of NO..
sofa, at the city Of St Paul IL the countv ~ D..
sey on the Goth day of Augu.t A D. 1874 sa .:a IN
all the creditors Of the SAID insolvt Mt deh,o,
cause, II any they have before him. the ss,d Ir,.
at the Court House. In the city of 81 Psns n "a
county OF Ramsey. on SATURDAY. fha or n. 80 -
December, A. D. 1885, at ten oclo, j., The $500
Of that DAY. why an assignment of the aid insolv
emit estate snould mt be made and he he dssch ,osd
from bis debt a. aforesaid "
AUD said Judge did also, at the time and Mace
OF making such order. direct notice Of its coLtents
70 De puonsned IN TIE WH&LY PIorEra AND Drso-
gEAI, paper published in the city Of st. Paul.
tne seat u government Of the State Of MinDeeofa'
IL IL 80 IN me age, Newspaper published In the
cy 81 augusta, the seat of government of the STATE
OF name. at least once In esch week. for ten acces
s.ve Weeks before the day appointed to show cause
The date Of the first Publication of this notice IN
ii1 WErKLY PIoNka AND DsxoCzsT at the ssi6 cjfv
G.. :. Paul, is the Let day Of September A. n Is6S
lated It. Paul August :0,h, 1866.
JAMES SMITH. in
sepl.wi0w Attorney for InsoIvent
The weekly pioneer and Democrat. [volume] (Saint Paul, Minn. Territory) 1855-1865, 1865-10-13

New York Markels

NSw YoEx. October 10, lS65-1:15 P. Il.
FLOUR -5t9lUo lower. Sales q. S. 5C@S 60 for Ex-
.ta State; and $s@9 30 for r. II. U.
WHKAT-Duh and 2@3c lower. Sales at ST 100
LIZ for Chicago Spring: ST. 72@1.7 Is fur Milwaukee
Club; 81 73@1.75 for amber Milwaukee: and SO. 40
for Amber Michigan and new Amber st te
RYE-Scarce and firm at $1.2c for Canada, an out.
aide price,
BARLEY Lower at 81 1O@1.2o
CORN-Heavv and lower for uns0end and firm for
sound. with sales at $4,000 for unseund and 92@
94c for sourd Mixed Western, the latter being for
high Mixed.
OATS &c lower, wit sales at 5l@ssc for rnsound,
and 61@63c for sound.
PoRK-Lower at $36.75@s7.19H for new Mess.
closing at $36.S13: and $N@s0 50 for prime.
BEEF-Firn-
LARD-Dpli
WH,skr-Dull, with sales at ss.ess02.99 for
Western
The weekly pioneer and Democrat. [volume] (Saint Paul, Minn. Territory) 1855-1865, 1865-10-13

LARGE REAL ESTATE SALE-Judge Eu-
gene Underwood, late of Kentucky, has con-
cluded to become citizen of st. Paul, and
has just purchased the elegant villa of Colonel
John Harrington, on Summit avenue, for s14,-
900. 1t is one of the handsomest and most
pleasantly situated residences in the city.
We are glad to see capitalists and intelligent
gentlemen of wealth settling here. Judge
Underwood decided on this step after careful
examination of every large town in the State,
and gives it as his opinion that St. Paul offers
better field for investment than any other
point in the Northwest.
The weekly pioneer and Democrat. [volume] (Saint Paul, Minn. Territory) 1855-1865, 1865-10-13
MARRIED..

=, q, Anthony on the Goth Of September. by
. 80. q S,rsi,Tcnd M JOHN F. BARNARD and
HATTIE r. DUNLOP, youngest daughter of Neal
d. Shaw, ESQ., Of Portland, Maine
On the 4th inst, by the Rev. Herman Bis6ee, at
the Falls Of Minnehaha, Judge b g. FG I H Of
MARY s. CARIEY, Of the same State.
The weekly pioneer and Democrat. [volume] (Saint Paul, Minn. Territory) 1855-1865, 1865-10-13

PzRsoNAL.-A new weekly paper has
been started in Philadelphia, called ''Sat-
,rday Nieht;" to which George Francis
Il ain is contributor, George discourses
in the first number on "Toadyism to the
English, - claims amongst other things that
American English is better than British
English, and inquiries triumphantly '.Do
Americans spell Saloon with Hess and a
Hou. He'll two Hoes and Hen ?"
The weekly pioneer and Democrat. [volume] (Saint Paul, Minn. Territory) 1855-1865, 1865-10-13

GROVER & BAKERS SRwING MACHINES.
Lewis Watson has taken the Agency of the above
celebrated machines atey kept by 8. E Gee, at No.
go Third streetl, and may be found at Catholic
Block, up stairs He has on hand number of ma
chimes all styles and prices
Those wanting machine should call and examine
Grover q Bazera They are undoubtedly the best
family machine in use as well - the cheapest The
plain family style tssSl will stitch, bind. cord hem,
fell, and enbroider beautifully. Any and every style
of sewing can be done on it. The Grover b Baker
stitch is now universally acknowledged to be the
best in use and its neatness and noiselesene espe
cia.ly recommend them for family use. Call and ex-
anime them before PURCHASING machine.
LEWIS WATSON, AGENT,
sep20.d2w&wtf Catholic hioek
The weekly pioneer and Democrat. [volume] (Saint Paul, Minn. Territory) 1855-1865, 1865-10-13
THE GERMAN ENGLISH SCHOOL.

THE GERMAN ENGLISH SCHOOL.
He also reported that the German English
School had been got into operation, with Mr..
Kreitch as Principal at salary of $500, and
Miss Schleif as Assistant at $500. The reoui-
site for admission was fixed as follows-the
pupil to have attained the Upper Primary
grade. Only about sixty scholars who could
come up to this standard had applied for en-
trance, and as there were accommodations for
100 children, some 80 more had been admitted
temporarily, who had not attained that grade.
The school was progressing very favorably.
THE COLoRED SCHOOL.
He also reported the colored school as near.
ly ready to open. He had rented room on
the corner of jackson and Ninth streets, for
seven months at $12 per month. The furni-
ture Twas not yet ready, but would soon be,
and the school would be open, with Miss Nor
row as teacher. There were some forty or fifty
scholars ready to commence, but probably not
more than twelve or fifteen would ultimately
continue.
THE SCHOOL CENSUS.
Inspector Ingerson from the Census Com.
mittee reported that Mr.. McClung had taken
the census of school children, very correctly,
for the sum of $50. The report shows as fol-
lows.
Number of ch;ldren betpeen tile ages of 5 and 81
The weekly pioneer and Democrat. [volume] (Saint Paul, Minn. Territory) 1855-1865, 1865-10-13
ST. fAUL' Wednesday, October II. 1865
Lumoer is very firm and ADVANCING w..
New York Dry Geoas M.rke,

NEW YORK, Wednesday Evening, Oct. d 1sss
The New York Independent has The folIovino "a
marks IN relation to the Dry Goods market:
The market has become active, and prices have
risen again, rebcunding from q very temporary de.
cline. Pfns, especially, have advanced, and are
much in demand at the advance. The previous de.
cline LED to this revival and prices are now AGAIN At
the highest point yet reached Stocks are veryloW.
coaaderingthe advanced period OF the season. The
Snirngs are IN fair demand. The ehort suppfy ena.
bles dealers to obtain high prices"
The following are the LndeaendAnt,a a,otsxiona
The weekly pioneer and Democrat. [volume] (Saint Paul, Minn. Territory) 1855-1865, 1865-10-13
Milwaukee Markets.

MILWAUKEE,. october 10. 1s6S-spa
FLoUI recliuing. wi b sa es OF Double Extra
Spring at 9 12s; Minnesota Double Extra at So
Country Spring at $S.75; and choice Extra a. SIS. 10
WHEAT-Irrsguar and Sc lower, with sales OF No.
Spring in store at $1.43s; do at S. 43; sellers op-
ton all the week at 81 43i do. at s,.4'; and No.
In sore az 81 &c.
GOLD Buying at 140@142
The weekly pioneer and Democrat. [volume] (Saint Paul, Minn. Territory) 1855-1865, 1865-10-13
THE PRODUCE MARKETS.

81. PAM, Wednesday, October IL, !sos
BAELEY-6Oc D bushel
BEANS 81. 5002 90 . busbel.
BKnswAx 45c y n; cheese CSC
Bk1 CArMB-$S GOES SO . cwt-, live weight.
B"-By the quarter, 70Sc y ID
BU1ER-Very scarce and nigh. Retaiis At 4oe42c
for best table butter
CoRS-She.led, 70c; retail soc
Coss MEAI-Whoiessie. 81 TO- retail $3.50
Eses-40025c . de1ea.
Has, 0010.0O y ton
HBEs-Green. 4c; Dry. loe; Greea c {
&c; Dry, lie.
The weekly pioneer and Democrat. [volume] (Saint Paul, Minn. Territory) 1855-1865, 1865-10-13
THE WHOLESALE MARKETS.
ST.. Paul. Wednesday, October l.. 1865

The markets. ae still advancing. and goods ere
quite scarce in the Eastern markets Trade is quite
brl.k here, and growing more active as the season.
advances:
ALCOHOLICS 90 . gallon.
CANDLES-Mould, 1sc q ~: Star. SIC
COFFRE-Fair Rio. y h.. 81 to s4c; prime, 35c;
Java. $50
CHEEsE-Reserve y n, !c: Hamburg. c;
FLOUR-Quiet and 6rmr AZ the following rates.
Hho1esol Rafal
Supernne. ...........-$4 a 80 20
GxItd ...................... 20 0V9o w
Double Extra. 8 20 80
FRUT-Green Apples = Dbl, SS5e@E@:
Dried, = b., 1s@lac. Peaches dried. &c y ~
. boz. Primes, ssssoe. cu1rsuts, 1926 al.
RON-Bar, nc: Horse Shoe, sk@11: Piow
LEADsPig 1866 Bar 1Sc y H.; Shot. s. 90;
LfME-Cordova, Port Byron and lie Claire, 81. 40
. Dbl Grand Rapids Calcined Plaster, 81 so.
LIQUORS Common Rectined, Ygal, 81. 500l. 65
Monongahela, 81. 25@AoO; Old Bourbon, 81. 250S
York L,athsr saors-siaughter Sole, A@4sc y i H.:
spanish Sole 3s@45c b.: Upper Hemlock, 3O@
&c q foot; Upper Oak 33935c y foot; Kips. SEGA
ST. y n; Gait 81; 30Ss.sa y H.: Harness Leath-
er 4O@46c D H.. Splits 46t9 SIC y H.: White Sole
Leather, Sc Stock of all kind, very scarce.
MOLASSESNSuRar House o5c9Sl 20: Golden
Syrup. 81. Ambes, 81 SO.
NAILS-1Os. q keg. $500.
OILSICarbon, by Dbl, 9Oc; Whale. 81. Is
Neatsfoet, $3.50; Lard 81. %; Lmseed ST. 400i. 20
SALT-F Dbl, So. 750400.
GLASS-Y box. Sxle, $3.50
SUGARS-N. o. common, 15c; Cuba COM
mon TO fair, 15@l6kc; crushed. 221<c; powdered
92Lc: white coffee A. &c: yellow C, SOkc.
TEAS-Imperial, 81. 2O@1 IS; Ooloue. SocAs1 80.
Gunpowdef, 81. 0091.s5; Souehong, 55cSs1 Is;
Japan, uncolored, $10O@1 s5
TOBACCO-Piug, 75c0S1 90; Natural Leaf 81 20
CLIO: Fine Cut. 40: Smoking, 2604Oc
The weekly pioneer and Democrat. [volume] (Saint Paul, Minn. Territory) 1855-1865, 1865-10-13

fTepared from a prescription Of SsrJ Clark, Nd
PAssseSnn Extraordinary to the Queen.
This invaluable medicine is unfaing in the cure
OF al thoee painful and dangerous diseases to which
tae female constitution is subject It moderates an
excess and removes all distractions and q speedy
cure may De relied on
To !TAKIIlED LADIES
1t u peculiarly suited. 1t will in short time bring
on the monthly period with regularity
Each bottle-price One Dollar bears the Govern.
ment stamp OF Great Britain, to prevent counterfets
CAUTION.
These PSlls should not be taken bs Females duyin~
tie FIRST THREE MONTHS Of Hreznancy az
they are sure T. bring Oh. Misca,riags, but at an,
other time they are sd1s.
In all cases Of Nervous and Spinal Affections Pains
In the Back and Limbs, Fatigue on slight exertion.
Palpitation OF the Heart, Mysteries and Whites.
these Pills will effect cure when ali other means
have failed; and. although powerful remedy, they
do not contain iron, calomet. antmony or ANYTHING
hnrttul 70 he constitution.
Full directions. IN the pamphlet around each sack
age, which should be carefully preserved.
sold by all Druggists.
~ Sole Agent for the United States and Canada
JOB MOSES,
No. n Cortlandt street, New York
N. R-Sl.o0 and six postage-stamps enclosed tn
any authorized Agent will insure bottle conta,n,n.
uity rms oy return mail. octl3-wlvspn
The weekly pioneer and Democrat. [volume] (Saint Paul, Minn. Territory) 1855-1865, 1865-10-13
DIED.

At White Bear Lake, on the 9Th inst, tAhAE6
VAN, son of William ". Webbe, aged year and
month.
In this city, on the ssh inst, D. MICHAUD, aged
about 40 years.
On Sunday. October sth. at 5 O'Clock T: r.,
BARRY FLETCHER son Of Mr.. and ArsI Henry
Haie aged 10 months and II days.
The weekly pioneer and Democrat. [volume] (Saint Paul, Minn. Territory) 1855-1865, 1865-10-13
Increase over last year.

This is very remarkable increase over last
year, and shows how fast the population of the
city is growing.
After an interesting statement from the
Treasurer, the Board adjourned.
The weekly pioneer and Democrat. [volume] (Saint Paul, Minn. Territory) 1855-1865, 1865-10-13
STATE OF MINI sofa. COUNTY
JUDICIAL DISTRICT
Mayu Crvrz
tfH OVJH.
sCMMONS

SUMMONS
u Revenae stamp 81 Cents Cancelled
In the name OF the state of Minnesota: To Ana
tin Coyn, defendant:
You are hereby summoned and required to answer
the complaint liz this action which Is on file i'm the
otIcs OF the Clerk of said Court, in the city of ST.
IA and to serve copy OF your answer to the said
complaint on the subscriber a. Office In the civ
OF st Paul within thirty days after the service Of
this summons on you, exclusive Of the day of such
se, aid II You fail 70 snswer the said complaint
within the time aoreeaid the plaintiff in this acaion
will apply to the Court for the relief demanded
in the complaint.
Dated September I'd, 1865
w. p MURRAY, plaintiffs Attorney.
octi3-w7t Residing at st. Paul. Minnesota
The weekly pioneer and Democrat. [volume] (Saint Paul, Minn. Territory) 1855-1865, 1865-10-13
FINANCIAL.
lBy Telegraph
New York Money Marh OF.

New YoRK, October 10, 1s65-1:75P
GoLD-Opened at 1861, and closed at 145.
sE0OND REPORT Pm.
MoNEY-Active and firm at 5cent on call loans.
GoLD-Opened It 1857, and closed at l45h. The
market Is dull.
The weekly pioneer and Democrat. [volume] (Saint Paul, Minn. Territory) 1855-1865, 1865-10-13
THE SCH0M BOARD.
Regular Meettng..The German En-.
slish SchOol..The Census..The
Remarkable Increase of
school Children

The School Board met last night, having
their regular meeting for October. Absent In
spectors Keifer. Paine, Combs Robertson and
Goodrich.
PRESENT STATE OF SCHOOLS.
The Superintendent, Mr.. Mattocks, present
ed his monthly report showing the state sof
the schools as follows:
The weekly pioneer and Democrat. [volume] (Saint Paul, Minn. Territory) 1855-1865, 1865-10-13

LARD-25c y n
MUTfoN-4c p 10. live weight
OATs-32@35c y buehei
roek-$6. 00@7 90 . cwt.. i've we,sb,
PorAToxs-2509Oc 3 bushei
RYz-S0c . bushel.
TALLOw-61xc q 10.
WMAT-$l 90 y busbel
700 WC4Wsozc b. unwashed, one.,h,,d os
The weekly pioneer and Democrat. [volume] (Saint Paul, Minn. Territory) 1855-1865, 1865-10-13
THE WEEKLY PIONEER AND DEMOCRAT.

and annexed, the unfortunate accused finds in
the same body the lawmakers, accusers, judges
and eXecutioners, with no limitations of DOW.
er, except against the exercise of mercy; none
even against the faggot or the torture. If nei-
ther OF these consequences can be admitted,
then the act must be construed as not applica-
bic to States, where the ordinary courts of law
are open and unimpeded; and such deem the
fair construction. 1t is in derogation of the
common law, and should be strictly construed.
1t takes away the right of trial by jury, one of
the most important and the most jealousy
guarded rights Of the citizen. Its language is
well satisfied by applying it to States and dis
tricts which are actually the theatres of war,
and where civil courts do not exercise their
functions. The only words fixing the time or
place OF its operation, are found in the phrase,
such places as at the times shall be the scene
Of war: A war in Mexico, or Europe, would
not make the law applicable to these States,
nor DO think that Minnesota would be in tne
condition when with peace within her borders
war existed in some remote State, as in South
Carolina. The reason for the act would not
apply.
and free from these objections claim that by
its own limitation it had ceased to be in force.
before Pryor's alleged crime had been commit
ted, (July 20, 1869. At that time there was
neither war, insurrechon nor rebellion in the
land. The counsel for the respondent has ar
gued that courts will take judicial cognizance
of the state Of war, when itexists. And the
Supreme Court of the United States has so de-
cided in the case of the Hsspatha. g. Black
Sup. CT. Rep)
This is reasonable. But the converse of the
proposition cannot be avoided; and courts must
equally take Judicial cognizance of the State
and condition of peace. The Counsel has
argued that the court cannot know that peace
has been established there has been no
proclamation or notification by the President to
this effect, and that large portion Of the
country is subject to military rule. But j,eE-
csoI knoasIedge does mot haye to await prOclama-
tions, and if notification were necessary, there
has been sufficient in the pnblic announcements
from the State Department. to foreign powers,
OF the pacifcation of the country in the &C.
ton of such powers in Withdrawing from the
rebels, the rights accorded them as bellgereats;
and in the proclamations Of the President,
opening all the ports Of the country to the
peaceful commerce Of the world. Warcannot
exist without two parties in armed opposition