The Pacific commercial advertiser. [volume] (Honolulu, Hawaiian Islands) 1856-1888, 1865-01-28

now eoItinaeI to the latgst perio1j
The official value, which amounted in 1912 to
Gj 200 ,OOOi, had increased in 1858 u 1885,
100 .OO0., or more than double
The real value of exports increased in the
same time from II 800 ,OOOL to ll6, 600 ,U0O
or two and a-haIf times much.
The tonnage Of British shipping that entered
and cleared with c.lrgoes in 1912 was 5,4I5, ,S2I
tons. In 1858 it was ii ia. $50 tons.
The tonnage of foreign shipping increased
from ,g3O. .gS3 To .6ij, ,G3I tons.
The total tonnage therefore increased from
7,3iG,sOi 10 1852 ,yGl tons, more than two
and a-laif times much.
The revenue from these sources amounted in
1872 % 80 .j42 ,79Ik Between that date and
1858 taxe- Of Customs and Excise repealed
or reduced 10 the extent of no less than IL =
JOG, ,OOOL net e.. g, III excess Of similar taxes
impOsed). If. therefore, there had been no in
from other articles, the revenue in question
would only have amounted in 1853 to - 400 .OOOL
whereas it actually produced as much 40 .0S7,-
1881 upwards oi 6 800 OG0I. than in
1912, notwithstanding the above enormous re-
ductions.
The National Debt, which amounted in 1912
to 79l $50, ,440I. decreased continually TIL 1853
when it only amounted to III ,335 SOIL In
cOnsequ ence Of the Russian war it had increased
again to S0S 600 ,000i. lin 1856, but once more
diminished to the extent Of $500 ,O00l. by 1858.
In 1912 the expenditure exceeded the income
by 3,97 1891 I'm the eleven years between that
years when the expenditure was greater than the
income. In the other nine, the surplus Of in
the averag, between 1000 ,00Ol.
and 5000 OOOI- year The Russian
caused deficiency for three years. in of
which (lS55) it was as great as q ,l40 000L.
In 1858 the income again exceeded the expendi-
ture by ,l27 ,657I.
The expenditure in 1858 was g. 739 1921 greater
than in 1912, but the income Ii $40. .925I.
greater.
u Ill lie =
tons, of which 1916 tons were steamers. In
1858 there built 20S ,OSO tons of which
So, $50 tons were steamers.
The deposits in the Bank of England at the
end of 1912 amounted to 1908, ,OOOL.; at the
end of 1858 TO 20 ,490 .000L. much more than
double. Its assets increased. in the same time,
from 80 800 ,0C0l. To As ,OS3 ,OO0I.
Effects on the Social Condition of the
People.
The capital of Savings Banks in 1912 was
% .3I9 1885,; in 1888, 81 ,l93 1907 an increase
of nearly one-haf. This is a conclusive proof
Of the increased prosperity of the working
classes since the introduction of Free Trade.
In the year 1912 (ending March lS43), with
an estIna:ed population of To- 1874 zoo, the
amount expended in England and Wales for the
relief of the poor was 5.20S ,027I being at the
rate Of 6s SID per head. In the year 1858,
with Il population of 10 ,57S 900, the amount
expended was ) .55S, ,6S9I. or IS. std. per head
Had the poor increased in proportion to the
population, they would have amounted, III the
latter year, 70 q 6,25O ,OOOI
The number of cUInmittals for trial in England
and Wales in 1919 amounted to 81 .S09. In
1858, Notwithstanding increase TO the pOpu-
lation Of ;,.I00 900, the committals had fallen
off to II $50. In the former year, 1913 persons
out of every 100000. Were therefore grave
off ndcrs against the law in the latter, only o.
less than half 1t should be stated, however,
that portion of this most satisfactory diminu-
ton in the member of committals is owing to
the Criminal Justice Act of 1855, which author
ICES Magistrates to convict summarily in certain
cases, with the consent of the prisoner, and to
the Juvenile Offenders Act.
Effects on Producers.
Tie quantities of homegrown wheat returned
as sold in our markets IN 1912. were 4.O9I .235
quarters and In 1853. ) 5,2O3 .94S quarters ex-
hibting al increased demand for English corn
under Free Trade 10 the extent of more than
IGOO 600 quarters. The average price in the
former year was SIS Sd. per quarter; in the
latter AS. 2d That farmers can get as high a
price under Free Trade while the country is
prosperous as under Protection while it is badly
of. IL shown by the fact that the average price
in two recent years (lS5+ and 1867 72S. sd
and us. 81. per quarter, or considerably higher
than the average for any year since 1919
The duty foreign silk manufactures,
which formerly amounted 10 80 per cent, has
been reduced to l5 per cent. The exports of
British manufactured silks, which amounted
2,096 1907. and in 1856 and 1857 were as much
as 1900, ,000L Until 1896 foreign silks were
entirely prohibited; but although the British
manufacturer had complete monopoly of the
home market, the trade was far from being pros
porous, the exports only averaging about $50 ,OOOI
per annum.
In 1912 foreign wool was subject to a duty of
from Id. To Id. per lb.. while Colonial wool was
admitted duty free. In that year Is ,4S6.7l9
lbs. OF Colonial, and - 1874 800 lbs. of foreign
wool, imported. The protection with
which II was thus attempted to nurture the home
and Colonial producer entirely abolished in
1874 and in 1858, while the importations of
foreign wool had increased To fl ,527 624 lbs, or
Only one half much again as in 1912, the
impOrtations of Colonial wool increased TO
S5-2ll ,O99 lbs, or between four and five times
their former amount, despite the loss of all pro-
lection. The production of wool at home has
also largely increased ut the same time But so
great l. the power Of consumption under Free
Trade, that notwithstanding all this increase of
supply, the demand has raised the price from
lOd or I'D. per ID. in lSi2, t. Is cd. or Is Sd.
per Id. IN 1858, Of course u the great advantage
ot the producer. The exports of British woolen
manufactures also increased in that time from
5,lo5 64jI- TO 9.776.044L. and of wooden yarn
from j31 1861. TO 1906 .923i.
-. Foreign sugar remained prohibited in 1S42.
Colonial sugar paying 25S. I'd. per cwt. Since
then foreign sugar has been admitted to compete
with Colonial, and the duties on all sugar have
oeen greatly reduced, and the consumption