The Indianapolis daily herald., 1865-11-25

no definite idea. becausc they do not under
stand the subject % which II l. applied. An
historical explanation l. given by Nr. BUcH-
ANAN, In the History Of his Administration.
just issued from the press. and we copy from
the Philadelphia Age. that explanation. Mr..
BucHASAS's work viii. we do not doubt, be a
most valuable contribution 10 our national and
political history.
ruE ORIGIN, HISTORY AND NATURE OF eTnE
MONROE DOCTRINE"
The allied powers n Europe had triumphed
over Napoleon, and had restored the elder
branch q the Bourbons. In the person Of
Louis Will. % the throne q France. Embold-
ened by this success. Russia. Austria and Prus-
sia, In 1915, formed the Holy Alliance. To
this France. and nearly all the other continent
tai powcrr. soon afterward acccded. Great
Britain. however. stood aloof. and refused to
become party % H. The object II the allies
was To abolish liberal Governments the
| tnent OF Europe. and ~ maintain the divine
/ right II sOycreigns 20 rule according % their
own discrction--in short. % roll back the tide
Of progress toward free institutions, and TO
store the old derpOtl-ms they had existed
before the French Revolution. Accordingly
France was deputed 10 destrO. by force of
arms, the liberal Governments OF the Cortes Ia
spain, and % restore the implacablc and big
oted Ferdinand VII. 20 absolute power. ln
/ lsS3 French army, commanded by the Duke
fAngonleme, invaded spain. and In a single
campaign accomplished these objects.
In the year before the date 81 this expcdi-
ton, the Government Of the United states had
| formally acknowledged the independence Of
the different southern Republics, formerly
Il spanish colonies; and an appropriation Of one
hundred thousand dollars had been made
/ May 4, ls22) by Congress 10 defray the
! pense OF missions To these Independent ma
/ tons ON the American Continent"
Whilst the French invasion was In success
4 -
satisfied that the allies, after crushing the
i spanish Liberals, intended 10 employ their
arms In assisting Ferdinand V III. in subjuga-
| ting what they termed his rebellious colonies
on this side Of the Atlantic. To such an enter
| prise Great Britain was strenuously opposed,
| and she resolved 10 resist IL. If successful,
this would prove TO be a severe blow TO her
trade In that quarter Of the world-an interest
| 90 which she has ever been sen.itively alive.
To avert the impending danger Mr.. Canning,
then the British Minister for Foreign Affairs,
in August, 1923, proposed TO Mr. Rush, the
| American Minister in London, that the two
Governments should Immediately unite In pub
fishing % joint declaration before Europe"
manifcsting their opposition 10 the policy and
purposes of the alliance in regard To this con-
tinent. This expressed the opinion that the
covery ofthe colonies by Spain was hopeless;
that their recognition as independent states
| was one Of time and circumstances; that the two
powers were not disposed, however, 10 inter-
pose obstacles in the way TO any arrangements
by amicable negotiations between the colonies
aud spain; but that whilst they aimed at the
acquisition Of no portion Of the these colonies
| for themselves, they would not see the trans
| fer Of any of them to a third power with indif-
ference. MIR. Canning also observed, that in
his opinion such joint declaration by Great
| Britain and the United states would alone
prove sufficient TO prevent the allies from any
forcible interference against the former Span
ish colonies. For these reasons he earnestly
| urged Mr.. Rush TO become party TO IL on be-
half Of his Government. Although Mr.. Rush
had no direct instructions TO warrant him in
such act, and this he had communicated to
Mr.. Canning, yet he wisely agreed 10 assume
the responsibility, but upon one express con-
ditiOn. This was, that the British Government
should first acknowledge the Independence of
the new American Republics, as the United
states had already done. Mr.. Canning, though
resolved on defeating the projects OF the ALI
ance against these Republics, was not pre-
pared at the time TO take this decisive step,
and therefore the joint declaration was never
made.
Mr. Rush, I'm his despatch of September 10,
1873 TO Mr.. John Quincy Adams, then Secre-
tary Of state, communicated To him lucid
statement of these negotiations, with explana-
tory documents. After these had been con-
sidered by President Monroe, he sent them,
with his own views on the subject. TO Mr.. JEFF
ferson, and asked his advice "a to the course
I which ought to Toe pursued by the Government
20 ward of the threatened danger.
Mr.. Jciiersons answer Is dated at Month
cello on the 24th October, 1928. Ii Is earnest,
enthusiastic, and eloquent, displaying in his
old age the statesmanlike sagaeity and ardent
patriotism Of the author OF the Declaration OF
Independence. 1t foreshadows and RECON-
mends the Monroe Doctrine" to the fullest
extent. From its importance we quote it en-
tire from RandalPs Life of Jefferson, vol. ill., p.
i9i. MIR. Jefferson says The question
presented by the letters you have sent
me j. the most momentoiIs which has
l.aFa OIL m
plation since that Of independence. That
made US nation; this sets our compass
and points the course which we are to
steer through the ocean Of time opening on
US; and never could we embark on it under
circumstances more suspicious. our first
and fundamental maxim should be, never
10 entangle ourselves in the brois of Eu-
rope. our second, never To suffer Europe
to lntcrIneddle with cis-Atlantic affairs.
| America, North and South, has Il set of in
tcrests distinct from those Of Europe, and
peculiarly her own. She should, therefore,
have a system Of her own, separate and
apart from that Of Europe. While the last
il laboring 10 become the domicile of despot-
ism, our endeavor should surely be to make
our hemisphere that Of freedom. One nation,
most Of all. could disturb US in this
pursuit; she now offers To lead, aid and ac-
; company us in il. BY acceding TO her pro-
position, we detach her from the band Of Dies
pots, bring her mighty weight into the sale of
free government. and cmaneipate continent
nj one stroke, which might otherwise
lnger long in doubt and difficulty.
) Great Britain is the nation which can
do IL the most harm Of anyone, or all on earth
aud with her on our side, we need not fear the
whole world. With her, then, we should
most sedul0usly cherish cordial friendship;
, and nothing would tend more to knit our af-
fections than TO Ice fighting once more, side by
side. in the same cause. Not that would pur-
chase even her amity at the price of taking part
in her wars. But the war in which the present
proposition might engage us, should that be
It's consequence. 10 not her war, but ours. Its
object i 10 introduce and establish the Ameri-
can system Of keeping out Of our land all for
cign powers. Of never permitting those of Eu-
rope TO intermcddle with the affairs Of our ma
, tons. Ii Is 10 maintain our own principle, not
10 depart from IL; and If. 10 facilitate this, We
can affect division Of the body Of the Euro
pean pow err. and draw over TO our side the
most powerful member. surely We should do
r il. But | clearly Of Mr.. Cham
ning's opinion. that it will prevent instead OF
prov Oking war.
With Great Britain Withdrawn from their
scale and shifted into that of our two contin-
ent>. all Europe combined would not under
take such a Var. For how would they pro-
pose 10 get NJ either enemy without superior
fleets Nor l. the occasion 10 be sighted " hich
this proposition offers. Of declaring our protest
against the atrocious violations of the rights of
nations, by the interference Of any one in the
internal affairs Of another, 80 hagitiOusly be-
> gun bN DonapaIlt. anu now ContluutQ 10y the
| equally lawles> alliance calling itself holy.
= But we have first 20 ask ourselves ques-
ton: DO we wish 10 acquire 10 our own con-
federacy any one or more Of the Spanish pro-
Ninees | eaudldly confess that L have ever
looked on cuba ~ the most interesting addl-
ton which could ever be made TO our system
/ Of states. The control which, with Florida
point. this island would give Us over the Gulf
Of Mexico. and the countries and isthmus bor-
dering on IL. ! we'll a. all those whose waters
flow into it,would nil upthe measure Of ourpo-
litical wCll-being. Yet as am sensible that
this can never be obtained. even with her own
consent. bat hy war; and it, independence.
which j. our second interest and especially its
independence Of England can be secured
without II. have no hesitation in abandoning
my iiT>t wish 10 future chances. and accepting
is independence. with peace and the friend
ship II England. rather than it, association at
II the expense Of war and her enmity.
Il could honestly. therefore. join IN the dec
aTation proposed. that We aim not at the ae-
QUESTION Of any Of those possessions. that we
Nil not stand IN the way Of any amicablc ar
I raul,pmeuf htfWftn flfm and the mother guuu-