Civilian & telegraph. [volume] (Cumberland, Md.) 1859-1875, 1865-07-27
alistflla ms.
The Political Movements in the New
World,

From Labrador to Patagonia, the American
continent is active beyond precedent in social
changes. Some concern the FORM others the
essence of government. Some relate to boun-
daries and the freedom Of great rivers: There
are questions of labor, Of foreign and DOMESTIC
policy, of independence and confederation, Of
religion, and of races In the general broil
enter empero.s, dictators, insurrcctionists,
priests, and peoples.
Beginning at the south, VIC witness war
between Brazil, the Bande Oricutale, and the
Argentine Republic. on the one band, and
Paraguay on the other. The only novelty in
this quarrel,is the combination of PARTIES
The stake, which does not appear upon the
surface, is the control of the Plate river, and
the consequent supremacy Of the Hispano or
Lustanb- Americans: There are besides in
ternal revolutions; which the war may tempo
rarily suspend but will not smoother. Such
in Brazil is the tendency toward the abolition
Of negro slavery, involving the overthrow of a
landed aristocracy possessed of immense do
mains, and the cultivation of cereals to an ex-
tent sufficient to render the country sclf-sus-
tanning. When grain shall have thus far en-
croached upon the topical products of Slave
labor. Brazil will be independent, of Crdsuay
will have less reason to covet her territory
and will retain the colonists whom she now
forces to seek susten nee and prosperity in the
neighborhood of the little republic. Neither
the Argentine Republic nor Paraguay is a
government OF the people, in a strict sense.
but each is controlled by a single man, though
with democratic show The former is almost
wholly subjected to one of its Constituent pro-
vinccs, Bpcncs hytcs, and there is discern-
BILE in Ire future conflict for eel aration or
complete subordinatiou. -t
Mex. m order. or disorder. is Bolivia,
where self elected President has been deto-
sed by popular movement; PerG, which is
divided between two parties-the authorities,
who are accased Of misconduct in their nego-
tiation With Spain, and professedly patriotic
BODY of insurgents. who have made some
Roadway; and finally Ecuador where an ex-
President leadc q sudden attempt against a
government whose ollenee is conservatism
Chill and the states to che north of those men
toned are OF present tranquil, having had their
epochs of comnotion and bloodshed, but are
Not on that account secure from repetition
of them while the circumjacent lands are
beaving as if with volcanic throes. 1t Is i'm
| possible to predict the dcfnitiye results of al
these dissentions, but the drift Seems pretty
clearly toward higher application Of the re-
Publican principle. and broader recognition
of the rights of man. Certain problems
which are ti5re than matter for curious speeu
lation, are being solved among the mountains
and upon the plains of South America whe
ther, for example; the Monroe Doctrine find
its justification in law of nature, forbiddin'
monarchy 10 strive IN this hemisphere; an
whether the mercdrial temper OF CASTLE
capable of the self-imposed restraints OF con
stitutional government. ss.. q.
Still coming north, we hear Of rising i
Panama, insignificant, perhaps, but in keep
ing with what we have observed elsewhere
Mexico is the empire Off year, but an cmpii
which has not meant peace and is not like
ly to mean it-any more than his whose ha,