, 1865-01-17

II was coon manifest however, that no auade te
bad Deliberately W PREPARED @ for tie c1sl, and wses
bent on involving the country in ruin. No con
! ceeston could head OF the furious purposes ol
!on;sts tny5s seSonssted and
| who should and who should not be elected Psesi-
dcrt OF the United States. Another proposed
GGnennment G TO fhs consultation Ia now pending be-
lore congress 1t camc near passing at the last
session. There are some reason for believing It
nay vt be pssscd by the present Congress. 1'hl.
bp k e. tyesy nake tho one s6oTe
proval: It Is as follows: "' ''0'@ 'e@~ =
e11tna m1Slt5d tst sf 70 Of s9t noasss son
to The Legislatures Of the Several States, Is IN
amendment Of the constitution Of the United
sa a3aifs w3a1sh whsn 5ated b three q
purposes, As part OF sSid constitution, namely:
ARTICLE III.
ekof1oS !. Neither slavery nor involuntary SER
svitude, except As punianment for crims, whereof
iat@ilhfn the United States, or any plaes snbIoct
to their jurisdiction.
SEQ. :. Congress shall hive power to cuto,;,
this article BY appropriate legislation.
PUNISHMENT or LEADING REBELS,
These different amendrncnta proposed at 'fIifra-
cnt periods during the prosrtas of thc rebellion.
show The marked change The seutime1t Of the
country has undergone on this question. Moral
ona y 1e5t 1pon the
additional weight Of moral conscoasness bazed ~ I'd
1pon ne aggravated suffesings Of a whole nation
srea iii IL pu5c sey aaams.t ont Of y, 5
country be checked or delayed, In is determfna-
tion TO eradicate slavery from the soil OF the r.
ees II sa saq'taas sst hnqq hs Il E f.
better asked, what may not tecomc Of him: He
can labor. He can learn. He can asht Improve
long 10 make him useful fee MN NM as @ We have lS a
useless slave, shall fnil and he shall fai, thora
VIII be time enough LETT in which to solve thla
higher motive for emancipation, would s1ll far
rent1y advocate It IS punishment to ttaItors for
the crime Of treason for Ia useless to talk about
han apon our own terms and cosdoas SaneF tway Wy
canaot Bubdue rl,em to the extent Of an uuouaiaed
cessation Of hostilites against the National Gov
laws Of The land u they are hoaored and oSsyei b. red
ehall not have cdn Ered them ., ali. Tho psopls J
81 @ aFs 1e1 aS, dn ~ a n s as
to our laws Is no longer possible, entering into a,
d1msy and deceptive compromise, to eajole sEr-
sna 5Gs1 a Ro aeqa 1s, and
rebellion against the National Government say
agely and without caute, waging cruel and bar
barous var on q, and. should be made to feel the
down THUR arms and cry for peace, az they took
enough to arrange for them the terms npon YhIch
they shall 30 permitted to participate IN the Gov
ernInent DO not adhere TO The distinction 20
generally made between leader aud follower En
Se efas hS ss adinfs4a III Ga pa
1cc. to reach all. those most prominent Ia guilt
ehoald be made to suffer most. In theor7, ! know
Hon against the United States Is eaiity Of treason
and dea4Fes the punishment of death. Those
who are mol, and who have not been in rebellion,
are not to be classed with them, In any event.
They deserve and will receive the gratitude Of the
whole. country in all time to come. Those who
were forsed & e 1aks up arms AGAINST their will dc.
However much, in times past, men may have DIFF
fered about State sovereignty and State sights it
t. certain thst The rtghts md TIT powers Of the
been conceded by The citizens OF tha different
States in this war. The constitution Of the Unit
cd States confers upon the general GovaDmens
sovereignty against foreign or domestic enemy.
It possesses, and can fully exercise, every power
60 State ia doing, eo: Every citizen Of State Ii
aso citiz.n Of The United States: What Is doao
hy he National Government is done by the au-
thofity and for the benefit Of every citizen In the
states. It !. as much under the control, and re-
spends as readily to the wishes OF the citizens Of
t1 tne sfatgf; a. a. 90 the STATE The cit
National Councils, as by this honorable bolg II
our General Assembly. They vote directly for
ehsEa Of The House who a5e accountable to
tors. respCnsible every six years. The Prcst-
dent, theoretically is not, but in practice really
i likewise elected by the voters Of Tho different
RELATIONS OF TIE STATE AND NATIONAL GOVERN
MEyTs.
How inexcuaahlc, then, ia That folly, which, by
persistent appeals to The people, Of the States,
croatc hostility to the general government, when
the truth s, the people constitute that very gov
u nmrnt OF course Illinois, like any other State
not delegated to thes Estionai Go1ernmenPp @ Po1 Bat
illinois cannot declare war. make treatiea with
foreign Eoycrrmukta nor en.r into any alliance
this un'on,not even coiE money, or emit bills Of
credit-neither can any othsr Slate Of the Union
do 30. Az are prohibited, and wisely 30, from
titudc Of others might DO enumsxated; !; 20 that no
Sate Of Its Own wish can bring ruin and destrue-
ton upon onr rights, as free people, By making
or ttate upon earth: Nor can anJ SUITE, al its
pleasure, withdraw fEom the obligations Of tho
voluntary concession OF sovereignty to the Na.
for amending and ehangia. the constitution OF the
United States and by the faithful exercise Of these
rights, we can. at pleasure, modify and alter our
p!e. II ith had aTer been contemplated that any
dissatisfied State could, o( It's owp voliton. upon
the suggestion OF is own weak counsels, withdraw
from the Union ut pleasure. then 1uAnlestIy, there
could have been no wisdom In tho attempt to Gre
ate the Onion: The concessions OF sovereignty to
the National Government were to prohibit the ax-
by simply declaring it's withdrawal from the
Union, resume, ut pleasure, these sovereign rights,
Is tt'not manifest that the Union was ffamed in
.ain and never Ind any strength OF virtue in II.
And get. the disregard Of these simple and solemn
oblisations by every s:ate in Eebeldom, to-day,
is sustained and vindieated by many. o.nly, upon
the alarming assumption that they had the right
70 % So The assumption 10 false. the reasoning
is false, the conclusion ia lalse- The whols the
ory Involves disruption, deso!atiou and destruc-
tion, and is utterly falseput forth to poison tbs
public mind and undermine the milton. illinois
lIas written upon her broa seal the words Estate
Sovereignty - National Union" AMI by her llcl-
ity to the Union and her sacrifices in th. de-
carcd that she accepts TINT interpretation, which
nakes her 1oyal and faithful to both.
And now, gentlemen. by the diligent application
oil our best abilities, let ns earnestly cutar upon,
and, as far as we can. execute the great task re-
posed in our hands, by the noble State whose fu-
ture, to come extent, rests in our keeping, and to
the support Of these purposes, we will appeal -
that Supreme Being who rules the dcstinies Of all
nations aud States. RICHARD j. OGLESBY.
Address of Lfeut. Governor VIM. Eross
Gentlemen Of the Senate: