Green-Mountain freeman. [volume] (Montpelier, Vt.) 1844-1884, 1865-12-12

could be followed by graduated reduction of
such increase, say 10 per cent at the expiration
Of each six months until brought down to the
original rate. Imports would be held back in
view Of such reduction, and there would be no
overwhelming crash resulting from sudden fall
Of prices, but business would adjust itself to the
present and prospective condition in which il
would be placed under the legislation indicated.
He estimates that from few sources, sufficient
revenue can be raised to pay the interest on the
pubic debt, meet the ordinary government ex-
penses, and contribute S30000,00O annually to a
sinking fund, that will extnguish the national
debt in thirty two years and half. He esti-
mates Of possible revenue are as follows: Tariff,
Sl20000000i whiskey, $l00000,000 malt
liquors and domestic wines, $4,000 900; tobacco,
SId,OO0,OO0i stamps and licenses, $4,000 900 !;
premium on surplus government gold, $40 000,-
COOS cotton IA tax Of 10 cents per pound on p
100000 balesJ Sl25O0000O. Totli revenue,
according to these estimates, S405,000,000.
The question Of taxing the government secur.
ties, which form the invested capital Of the ma
tiona banks, - argued a. length, as well as the
proposed taxation OF the national banks and both
these measures ave believed to be inconsistent
with public policy and constitutional right In
leu Of this be suggests that the banks pay tax
81 per cent on their capital Irrespective d! The
amount invested in public stocks) aud one half Of
| per cent on their circulation lie suggests the
removal Of the currency bureau TO New York. as
matter 0! convenience to the banking community
ana OF economy 20 the government, that all the
banks be required 10 redeem their notes at New
! FORK, Boston or Philadelphia, and that penalty
should be imposed upon banks for Issuing notes
with the officers signatures engraved and printed,
instead OF written, as this adds materially TO the
readiness with which counteffe.s may he made
and multiplied. 10 regard TO the success Of The
natlonai banking system, Mr.. Clarke considers That
II j. not among the least Ct lae trIumpha of The
! aratem, That IA period Of war, amid monetary
disturbance, caused by the gigant requirements
OF the government, it has stood the test Of pricti-
cal experiment in The most satisfactory manl or,
indicating the plri3te, fits friends, ard over
coming, by l.s beneficial efsce lbe h9niiies OF
It's mos, determined enemies.
THE WAX DEPARTMENT
The longest OF She Department rs1ors is that
OF the Secretary Of War. Tee military appro-
prlatlous by the last Congress we're S5lG, DO.
ljl the estimates Tor the next YEAR amount "a
$83,ol44Jl. On the Isl Vi May ther were
lOOO,5l6 men in the army, u whom 500 noe
have been mustered out, and Ii !, pgaplssd Ia
reduce tho army to 90 00O The Sec etary de-
7crlbes the military situation at the opeu,ng OF
the last session OIL Congress and contrasts with
It TIE present situation OF affairs. H. then
goes back aud reoaptulAtes he military event.
Of 1851 In May Of that year tbe aggregate
strength Of our armies was 990,7l0.
Grants campaign in Virginia opcaoi on the
4th Of May, loU4, lJr the details vi which the
Secretary refers 20 Gen. Grants report. The
campaigns in the Shenandoah valley and Sher.
mans march to the sea, with the MINOR move
ments arc outlined, and our aggregate fore in
March last Ia stated az 9Gj, 59l. This lorce
vas increased 10 upwards q. i million The
urst movement by Gen. GRAFT began On the 18th
Of March The remainder Of the gfanI story
ID briefly tod. Ten Gays marching and f,ht
ing finished the campaign Richmond, Peters
burg, the aTmy OF Virginia and i.s commander
We're captured. jefferson Davis and his 80,
called confederate governmcn. were lugitvej Of
prisoners Of war Davis h.l from Richmond
On the afternoon Of Sunday the u day of April
The national forces occupied Pste.s5u-. anC
entered Richmond On Monday morning. Lei
army WAS purslci until il reached AppJmatoy
Court liouse, where on surdly, the 9.u day oil
April, j. laid down lis arms On the terms ire
scrloed by Gen Grant From this period tn,
history Of the war Is but an epumstati0n Of
successive surrenders By rebel commanders. OF
the Z5'h day Of April Ger. Johnston surren.
dered Lls command 70 Major General Sherman
at RALEIGH, North Carolina Cen Howell
Cobb, with Twelve hundred militia and five
generals, surrendered to Sen Wilson a. Macon
Georgia, on the 20th OF April Gen. Dick
Taylor, on the llth Of May, surrendered all thc
remaining iorces east Of the Mississippi. TO Gen
Cln1y Ga the llth of May, Jefferson DAVIS
disguised and IN flight, was captured at Irwins.
vile, Georgia. Ga the Goth OF MAY, Genera
KIRBY smith surrendered his entire command
west ot the Mississippi to Maj Gen. Candy
" ith thus surrender the organized rebel fore,
disappeared ifOm The territory of the United
States. The flag OF the l nlted Stites was low
cred at Fort Sumter on the l4th of April, 1861
by MiJr Anderson who, long beseged by over
"helmlng Rebel forces, was compelled, wth hr
small garrison t. eyacuate the works On the
anniversary OF that day, four years later, tn.
rebel forces having been driven from Charles
ton, the national banner was planted agall
, upon Fort Sumter, under the orders Of til,
President, by the hands Of Gen. Anderson, Will
, appropriate military and naval ceremonies an.
a commemorative address delivered by the Rev
Henry W ard Beecher
lher victorious campaigns ended, the or
mics Of the Tennessee and the Cumberland, anC
q the army OF the Potomac marched through
Richmond TO the Federal capital where the
: were reviewed by the President and the dstin
r gushe0 commanders under whom they had s.
long and 80 CALAMITY served in the field Ate
} this national ceremony they and their fellow
soldiers IN other commands were paid and, a
rapidly as the condition Of Affairs would admit
. were released from the military service of tn
4 country and, turning to their homes in tn
several states they were welcomed with tn
thanks and rt,icings u grateful people.
The d3struc Ion oil tho rebel military powe
opened the way to re-establish civil government
III the insurgent SAFES From that period ID
functions OF the military department became
simply cooperative with othet branches Of th
, ieteID government. The disposition exhibited
after the surrender Of their armies in ell tue in
surgent states 10 submit to the national author
b ~ dispensed with the necessity of keeping large
, armies on foot, and Indicated the degree /,
which the war power might DO reduced. S,
much only OF the national military force ha
been kept IN each state as is needed to keep til,
/ peace protect the public property and eniorc,
the laws.
i The secretary recommends the establishment
OF a well organized militia system the establish
meut Of honors Tor disabled soldiers and tn,
5 Reorganization OF West Point academy th,
enlistment OF boys as musicians in the regular
army.
The force to be retained is small compared
p with that which was organiasd to subdde tn,
S rebellion. But the only reasons demandn.