The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1865-08-08


The advces from the Great Eastern auspicious
At ten o'clock the morning Of the 2sth the Great
Eastern about four hundred and fifty miles out from
vaentia, and had paid out i've hundred miles Of the
cable. The signals were good and the weather fine
Our Florence Correspondence.
FLORENCE, Italy, July IS, 1885.
L0uis Ndpoleons Europedn C0ngress-His Infigues IN
Managing His Political Happy Famiy-1Ae Fo@e,s Of
Europe Slightly Mired mp as TO the Wedding
Ont the Black SHEEP from the Political Fbld-The Catholic
Qusstion-The Pope 10 Have House and LIT all to Him
self at Lda-Redscton Of the Aastrdn Fs,res Il,
Northern Ndly-vitor Emanuels Cdbifpt 10 be Rccn-
stituted- Brigandogs IN the Atsuzai, &c, &c.
All those who pay but little attention to politics.
who follow the Of the passing events of the day
with indifference, giving credence To the first newspaper
al hand, well certain journalists who ignorant
Of leading political movements must have been fully
much asonished at the unexpected announcement OF
European congress published by the Pail Mall Gartte
though shell had burst in their midst. The
caused great dsmay among the third politicians aud
although 1t prematurely announced IL Is neverthe
less true.
The programme placed before Europe last year by
Napoleon III, viz, "A Congress War; neither
fdsco, as the majority Of people believed pot-
cal mistake II WAS liked idea put in the form Of
dilrmma in order that the end might be directly
attained through the agency Of fear Napoleon wished
congress be held and he that he could terrify
Europe by threatening IN his first attempt he
faied and since then all the efforts Of French policy
ha,s had but objectthe triumph OF this idea Of
conf ess Several Of the great Powers rejected the
hodsng Of congress because il feared that in the
course Of debate certain questions then being sgfated
might be brought up, which would netrslize the deci
sons arrived at by the congress, as they would have
excited the aspirations or tho people instead OF extin
gushing them, and because they would have added
strength to revolutionary tendencies Thus Napoleon
had two diculties 20 he had 10 hasten and
lead all TO believe implicitly in the absolute necessity
for congress- and 10 strike out certain questions
ing them from the programme.
The unfavorable condition of the whole Of Europe suf
6ced OF itself to overcome the first difficulty The
deficits in the budgets of several countries the
heavy burden OF permanent armies, universally vague
and nndenned policy, without any stated object or end,
commercial interests which desirous VI peace
tranquility and security, these sufficiently
strong TO lead the various countries TO desire confer
which the tendencies and desires OF each might
be defined and sound basis established resulting in
state OF affairs giving promise. Of solidy and perma
nency and consequently justfyng general dsarming
But this was not enough IL was necessary to confuse
the political situation 70 such an extent that OF
the Powers could be able to distinguish between friend
foe, allies neutras This Is precisely what Napo
leon played for and he has succeeded At the present
day what Power 10 there in Europe that boast Of
solid alliances and friendly ties, that can
and sim nterestsf Not England, certainly
for her former relations with Austria compromised by
70 France by commercial interests Of too great import
TO make France her enemy. Not Prussia with the
codness existing against England and Austria account
Of the seheswg Hostein duches Not Russia, either,
with the memory Of the Crnean ranking and stu
ated In almost isolated position in the middle Of Eu-
rope. What do England, France, Austria and Prussia
desiref No one knows, not even they themselves Az
the present day the nations OF Europe Notwithstanding
their extensive and talented diplomacy, do not know
themselves does any one know any more about the
other han though reciprocal res::ons Cd &c: c:...
The most dcult point TO compass was TO rid the poll
NJ rarfa m YQd nue han
first proposed the public mind occupied with the
question OF the duchies and the Polish, Italian and Cath
ole questions and the latter differed greatly from the
Italian question which involved private interests, while
the Catholic question comprised general interests Then
,nsre n @ %e allowed he sro posoa ~ou,a
be treated as question or external policy,
considering IL as question Of intestine rebellion The
question OF the duches would have had for partisans
the congress England, Denmark Sweden and Norway on
the side, and Austria Prussia and the German States
the other aud thus solution would not have been
easily obtained Italy, moreover, could have repre-
sented the revolutionary clement, and an impossible
compromIse upon two questions, which would have
offended two the Powers represented In the Congress
the Pope and Austriawho would not have allowed the
legtma Of their possessions TO be questioned
Moreover, In connection with Italy, the claims Of GER
tain dspossessed prnccsrepresened by those Powers
which had not yet recognized the order Of things
would have been brought forward for discussion.
Il was necessary repeat to weed out all these ques
tiors In order 90 render Congress possible To effect
this all the efforts Of Napoleons policy were directed
aud he speedily succeeded Denmark driven 10 pro-
woke n and then abandoned. Becoming thus the
prey OF Austria and Prussis she necessarily lost the
ducies; and whether they fell into the hands OF Ger
many, Prussia, those of the Duke OF Augustcn.
burg. the matter became simply German internal
auestionone possessing the further advantage of leo.
ating and dividing the two Powers which could either
nccede to or veto the congress. by playing this game
there was the certainty of non-inervcntion the part
of England, that country being opposed TO war; but
England would have declared In favor ct Denmark had
the question been treated In the shape Of conference
The Polish rebellion was allowed 10 die ont aud cor
tain faoss convention was gotten up in regard 10 ay
The contention o. tho ls Of September removed three
Of the principal difficulties IN the way OF the assembling
of the congress, VIZ the Roman question the Catholic
question aud the quest on Of the dspossessed princes
Firstly --The convention provided for the abandonment
~ Rome This Is explicitly stated In the text OF tho
treaty and this s the Interpretation given by the French
Minister "a the enate and the Corps lceslaiif The
Rist OF is"We should and obliged To respect
the Pontacai territory 10 prevent all invaslons from
without and not 10 provoke any internal insurrcc
ton" secondly The Catholic question The dearest
wish OF all Catholics Is that the Pope should
have piec OF territory all 10 himself whence he might
and this ON accomplished should be allpowerful
should posse the rule Of the spiritual world. because
all know, two hundred and 1fty millions Of Catholics
are ready TO obey the least sign from the Pope.
Thirdly the question Of the dispossessed princes The
transfer OF the capital Of Italy Florence s much
n guarantee 70 the Catholic world Of firm resolution 10
carry the compacts entered into az u is IN
tended 10 enable the En'pcror TO demonstrate that u
would be and revolutionary restore
the past than 10 leave matters In of qo, and free
take their natural course.
II may thus be- seen how many dinDcultcs have been
overcome and tn sc not all There was still the
Venetian question II was necessary 10 convince tie
Catholic world OF the existence Of good will toward the
sovereign pontin and also 10 overcome n st greater
dinculty va, 70 gam the copeqpl " the admssion y;