East Saginaw courier. (East Saginaw, Mich.) 1859-18??, 1865-03-08
Resources and business Of Canada.
By oKoRaE AUGUSTUS sA1A.


public and private resources of this
country. j may say at the outset that
Canada contains about 800, 900 square
miles o. territory; has 100, 900, 600
acres Of land, of which forty millions
are already granted, and eleven mill
lions under cultivation; and has q
o.,ast line from tho n-.if e o. Law :
renee to Lake Superior, of over 2, 600
miles. Canada now possesses over
1000 miles of railroads, traversing
the country in all directions, and add
ing immensely to tho value of water
communication and private property.
These railways cost 500, 900, 000.-
One bridge alone cost sl2, 900, 000.-
Canada has 1900 miles of telegraph
line, which transmit three quarters Of
million messages every year. Can
ada has $50 miles of canal, which cost
$lS,000,00O, and last year carried
over 3,000,0 900 tons of freight, from
which the Provincial Government re-
ceived tolls amounting to nearly $780,
600. The rivers Of Canada are num-
bered by thousands three of them,
with their tributaries, alone drain
100000 square miles of land. Five
or six Canadian Lakes cover 1000
square miles of surface. The mail
routes of Canada embrace $4,000
miles of Wagon roads. On these are
1000 Post Offices, which distribute
annually 100000 letters, to say
nothing of new spapers. The cost of
maintaining the Post Office Depart
mept is itself three quarters of a mil
lion dollars year; nevertheless the
income exceeds the expenditure.
The mineral wealth of Canada is
almost fabulous, and only awaits the
introduction of British and American
capital to astonish the world The
Acton copper mine in Lower Canada
is among the richest in existence, al
though the operations of the present
proprletors have been partially par
alyzed by attempts to do too much. -
The Lake Superior copper has already
become famous for the extent of the
deposit and the value of the ore, while
Lake Superior and st. Maurice iron
need only to be mentioned to arrest
the attention Of practical miners. The
iron deposits of Lake Superior coun-
try are believed to be inexhaustible.
The gold diggings of the Chaudisre
and Gilbet rivers in the Eastern Town
ships have turned out well within the
last two years. i have seen the men
who handled the precious metal in
that region. Americans have taken
up immense quantities of land there,
and are preparing to invest largely in
mining operations this year; some have
leased blocks of land from 100 to 200
square miles in extent each. A new
company has just been formed in New
York with the large capital of SO, 000,-
600 10 operate on the Chaudiere. The
capital of companies and private in
hviduals now engaged there is count
ed by millions. The trade returns
show that the produce Of the mines
exported from Canada last year
amounted to nearly 100000. Prob
ably as much more went out of the
country in private hands, besides what
was retained by parties in the Prov
ince.
The oil wells of Upper Canada arc
still flowing; the region embraced by
these is some ten thousand square
miles.
The militia Of Canada number co.
600 men. The volunteers alone num-
Der some 10000; 100000 pounds Of
powder has been manufactured at
Hamilton for their use this year.
They require about 100 drill instruc-
tors. 300 companies received clothing
from the Government last year, and
the payment to Brigade Majors and
for drill instructors alone amounted
to $4,000. The cost of the militia
last year was nearly half million
Military schools have been established
at great expense, and company and
regimental drill has become very fire.
quent. The whole expense can scarce
ly fall short Of $4,000. While
write arrangements are being made
to send considerable force Of militia
to the American frontier, to prevent
the crimping Of Canadians for the
Federal army, as well as the raids Of
Southerners into the States from Can
ada. The population of Canada capa-
bic Of bearing arms numbers nearly
half million.
In Canada there are nearly 300
newspapers, employing nearly 1000
persons. There are 5000 clergymen.
From 1929 to 1864, 100000 emf
grants arrived at the ports Of Quebec
and Montreal alone, one third Of
whom took up their residence here
The Government gives 100000 for
educational purposes, and municipal
ties give nearly 1900, 600 more. One
University in Canada has cost private
persons some 100000 for the build
ings alone. Another has, an annual
income of $4,000. There are over
5000 schools of all descriptions in the
Province, educating nearly 10000
boys and girls. Over 100000 acres
of land are appropriated to the Col
legiate institutions of Lower Canada.
The manufactures of Canada are
conducted on most extensive scale.
TO commence with the manufacture
of lumber, Lower Canada contains
over 1000 saw mills, and in one year
cut nearly 100000 feet of lumber.
She has over 200 distilleries and brew
cries, which last year produced over
1900, 900 gallons of spirits and malt
liquors, yielding an Excise duty Of
over 100000. These breweries and
distilleries consumed over 1000, 900
bushels of grain and malt. There are
ut least ,0G0 -four, grist and oat mills
in this country; $50 carriage factories;
perhaps not quite 200 foundries $50
carding mills; $50 woollen factories
and 500 tanneries. Other and less