The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1865-08-14
a = OIL i u ] q n.
SLAVERY IN BRAZIL AND CUBA.
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TIE MOVEMENT TO ABOLISH IT.
The Effect Of the American
Rebellion.
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PROPOSED GRADUAL EMANCIPATION.
All Slaves to be Free In Fifteen
Years.
French, Spanish and Brazilian Views
4 on the Subject
.y TO-, Co., ,J 60.
GRADUAL EMANCIPATION.
70 TIE EDITOR or TIE HERALD.

tisi 0Vy s4y.. Co., LtilA ~ 90. ~ t4f
TO TIE EDITOR or THE HERALD.
On the nth Of May the day preceding the sailing OF
the steamship Emily B. Souder from Rio dc Janetro for
New York, there were very important projects OF
laws relating the adjustment Of slavery introduced into
the Senate by distinguished Brazilian senators an &C.
count Of which appears In the OYso Meramsa publish
cd the succeedng day This translated into Eng
lish for the New York press voyage BY two Of
It has occurred TO me 10 add remarks the sub
ject for the Information OF those of my counrymen who
may not be familiar with Brazil and it's institutions
party opposed to the continuance OF civil slavery has
long existed Brazil notwithstanding che fact that
very large proportion OF all the profitable labor OF the
country has been and is performed by slaves who in
deed constitute than third OF the entire popula-
ton, numbering perhaps nearly three millions OF slaves
Nowhere in the whole immense territory las large az
the United Sates there any considerable body OF
z'lians who are not saveowners; and it among
duenal Brazilian slaveowners that the plan for ut
mateiy aboshng slavery originated. r a5i 5laata tJ
But this party has not at any time assumed attitude
similar to that of the antsavery party OF the United
States. nor is II probable that it ever will sound
reason and not fanaticism being at the bottom
of the Brazilian movement The foundation OF tho de-
sire for aboshng slavery in Brazil is laid In the idea
that the permanent prosperity OF tue whole country will
be promoted thereby But slavery Ia Brazil being vast
aud long standing national institution in which every
part Of immense territory less interested
and involved, and upon which in great measure the
whole past and present industry OF the country
pendent requires to be handled will, tho incest skill and
the soundest Judgment r ,rr
4 There are statesmen in Braz-among whom Is the
Emperor-perfecty capable Of managing a system
0f NJ he mill of ota
now existing IN the empire, should the ma.
jority OF the general legislature concur in
passing such law OF freedom and Tor Brazil the pro-
jects OF laws submitted by Senator viscoun Jequitin-
honha and Senator MOtta to embrace all nearly
all the prominent features desirable
Enlightened statesmen OF Brazil and Of other parts Of
the world have not failed TO perceive that the time has
arrived or is near ut hand whom the people OF Brazil
who are now living under constitutional empire must
dcrde upon some final policy respecting slavery their
land The slave trade has been entirely and eectuaiy
and in perfectly good faith abolished and the importa
ton Of slaves into Brazil ceased years ago. and there
Is not the slightest probability OF it's renewal any
period And this very important and most sautary
termination OF the Brazilian authorities all
through any on the part Of the British
any other foregn government This Is valuable fact,
wish 70 study the subject OF Brazilian slavery ~ -
The policy OF the Brazilian government for many
years has been very friendly towards the slaves and
facilities for teir voluntary manumisson by their own.
ers have heretofore been extended and freed Ia
he The poc samsr equality OF Ss,
and blacks which exists to some extent is
another matter entirely. II is not general, al
though there are many individual instances Of
blacks holding responsible Official positions in various
departments OF the and In the church There
blacks and whites. Notwithstanding this very nnpor-
tant fact Il is obvious that there Is still general limo OF
ziL few, comparatively, OF tho negroes educated
and intelligent while the great mass among the three
millions are yet uneducated, although they ceytany
intelligent enough in their respective land for the most
humbc) positions IN society The negroes In Brazl
more and no less In point Of development than the cir
cumstances by which they surrounded render them
II may be said N this connection that the general
mind of the people Of Brazil Is better prepared Tor the
reception of system emancipation than was the fen
eral mind Of the people OF the slavehodng states OF the
United States for this and perhaps the pri.
mary one may be traced 70 the circumstance that the
laws In the slave states OF the United States although
aboshng the foreign slave trade and also providing for
the private individual emancipation Of slaves did not
place the freed slave upon political equality with the
whites, elevate them socially but merely left them
30 long as they remained In the slave States limited
freedom, all OF the blacks still being under special laws
and the white authorities still maintaining decided sur
VIGILANCE over them The position In society of freed
slave was az distinctly marked and separate both POLITICAL
y and socially that OF the slave in bondage There
may be another REASON inherent in the peculiar disnc
tive characterstcsof the two peoples-of the United
States and Brazso that while is not IN
common and not specially frowned upon In Brazil II Is
utterly disastefu to the people generally of any and
every State OF the United States Hence the establish
ment OF social and political equality between the two
races Is much less difficult In Brazil than IL in the
United States II is, however, proper mention that
pride themselves upon union OF their relatives with
negro while the union OF white woman with negro In
any walk Of life In rare.
From these considerations IL must appear that the
governmental management Of the slavery question In
Brazil Is quite different from the governmental manage
mcnt OF slavery In the United States.
The general enlightenment OF mankind throughout the
civilized world has induced the general conviction among
the intelligent statesmen of most countries that the in
stuton Of slavery a predomlnating scale Is not in
harmony with the best form Of government for intel
lgent people; and that just In proportion as people
may have become enlightened, they prepared TO un
derstand and maintain real free aforementioned demo
cratic governmentas opposed to despotic government
greater political error upon the subject OF human
government considering the light now in the word) has
scarcely been exhibited than the formation OF the
Southern confederacy In North America based upon
slavery its primary, fundamental and vital principle
which carries within II, and, in fact upon its very face
the element OF its own destruction The Brazilian con-
sttutional government containing many OF the best
features Of the United States constitution, not only
not founded on slavery basis, but the people and
their Emperor, Dom Pedro H., take sensible view
Of the whole subject Of slavery and they have up TO
the present time managed this great question In
common manner and there is little II any doubt
and msled by foreign anti slavery fanatics of which
there are plenty In the world they will ultimately In
very reasonable Time dispose OF slavery In the best way
both for the slaves and their whole people and In q
peaceable manner Should the proposed laws presented
by Senators viscount Jequitinhonha and sr Motta be
passed at the present session OF the Brazilian Chambers
slavery in Brazil will In fifteen years Only Bra
zans, those who have long resided In Brazil can
incnt and only those who are willing and competent
calmly TO consider and act for the real substantial well
fare of the slaves are fitted TO egsatc for Brazil upon
this great subject
IT. by means Of terrible and,boody civil war in the
United States slavery there shall be SUMMARY
disposed Of is not probable that will prove sc adyan
tageous for the slaves themselves the mi'der and
wiser method now proposed in Brazil For while
thoughtful men not specially welded to slavery may
readily grant that slavery 10 an evil among mankind,
they will also know and understand that II is not the
only evil in the world and that It's eradication need nss
necessarily be made to involve the tearing Of society
pieces When all evil can be- ersdicstcd from among
mankind there VIII be no longer need for any human
government whatever. But that day viii never come
while human nature exists. X.
AT SsA, May rs, 1865
PROPOSED LAW ABOLpsHINo SLAVERY IN BRAZIL.
TRANSLATED Tor the NEy YoRK HraAtD from the Cofreo
hercantil of THO Jsneiro, May 1871
The General Legislature resolye:--
ARTICLE In the enl of slaves found they shall not
be judcialy sold Ia such cases whore the owners do
not present themse within three MONTHS observing
all the order and emniy and regulations IN force the
police authority rn Judge Of tho Orphans Court shall
grant them letter Of enfranchiscment and when these