, 1865-07-25

the people. Several have starved to death.
The feeling against the free negroes is most in
tense. They will be murdered or driven out Of
the country if provost guards are not maintain
ed at all the coantry seats. 1t is idle to hope
for any love Of the Government in this section
of country until a new generation grows up.
No reconstruction movements have as yet
begun in any other States. Governor Brown,
of Georgia, is in Washington. The President,
it is said, is preparing a proclamation for recon
struction in Georgia, which will soon be issued.
Brown is indicated as the most available man
for provisional Governor, but their is no GER
tainty Of his appointment. Governor Aiken IS
proposed for provisional Governor Of South Ca
rolina, but there is no rumour even of the time
when that State will be reconstructed. Several
other citizens are proposed for Governor as well
as Aiken. From all quarters Of the South the
most gloomy reports Of the poverty of the peo-
pie and the stagnation of trade are received.
1t is thought that President John8on's pro-
clamation sweeping away all the restrictions
upon Southern trade will have a beneficial e.
feet in allowing cotton and other products to be
brought to market. 1t goes into effect at once,
and abolishes the entire horde of Treasury
agents and the heavy taxes that prevented the
export of products. The South cannot buy
anything until it gets money by selling, and a
very short time will solve the problem and start
Southern trade briskly, if there is any to start.
Foreign ommerc is on the same footing as do
nestle m after July /. 1t is reported
from Richmond that several vessels laden with
goods that have been lying at the wharycs
have left, in search Of a better market. let
tiers from Mobile warned dealers too great a ship
ment Of goods from the North, the market being
overstocked by the supplies from New Orleans.
Cotton was arriving at Mobile very slowly, and
the old factors were doing nothing. One Of
the merchants writes 1--WE can do nothing
without greenbacks, and, as we have but little
to give in return for these, it will be impossl-
bic to lay in supplies even to the extent OF our
ordinary wants. AS an incentive to Southern
trade, General Schofeld in North Carolina and
General Sheridan at New Orleans have both
ordered their subordinates to remove all re-
strictions on the sale of cotton. 1t is estimated
that there are 100000 bales Of cotton in the
States east Of the Mississippi. A gentleman
who arrived at New Orleans on June 10, after
a tour of 1000 miles through the cotton States,
reports that nearly all the cotton lands are un-
der corn culture. The corn did not look well,
the absence of labour being painfully visible in
the great growth Of weeds. The gentleman's
opinion is that the whole South will be starv-
ing in less than a year. Two very admirable
measures are just reported which Will do not a
little good to aid the South. The distractions
in the James River have been removed, and a
large society Of merchants has been formed in
Baltimore to furnish as a loan to Southern
farmers implements, seeds, &C., to enable them
to cultivate their lands.
People in the North are getting very much
frightened at the great increase of the public
debt. So, 000,0 900 a day in time Of peace, add
ed to the present enormous debt, is frightlul to
think Of. The gold premium has advanced 10
per cent, within a week, no doubt accelerated
by the hopelessness of making Government ex-
penses come within the revenue. In addition
to the national demand for money, many Of the
States are asking for loans. New Jersey wants
to borrow to meet its bounty liabilities at 6 per
cent. New Hampshire to more nearly compete
with the Government proposes to give 7 $40
per cent, for money for the same purpose. New
York is issuing bonds in liquidation of like
claims to the amount of some SIS, 100000.
The New York bonds are to be exchanged for
o IL years. 7 per cent. stock, at the option of
the holders, unless at the next election the peo-
pie decide against a State debt, and then the
bonds are to be paid off as quickly as possible
by the taxes collected from the State.
John Mitchell, the exiled I~rishman, editor of
the RicAneond Examiner, but more recently Of
the New York Daily Netcs, has been arrested
Ia New York and sent q prisoner to Fortress