The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1865-07-28

The state or the Country-Ths Adminis-
tration, the Politicians and the People.
We have put down the most formidable and
persistent rebellion that ever convulsed any
nation ON the face Of the globe, and the sud-
denness and completeness Of its collapse is
without parallel in history. Never were any
rebellious people so thoroughly subjugated and
rendered 80 powerless for further mischief as
those of our late rebellious Southern States In
view of this remarkable fact, Northern journals
of the copperhead school, and certain Southern
Journals revived or created under the new
order of things, affect good deal Of astonish-
ment and indignation in regard to the continu-
ance of the war power and military authorities
of the government not only throughout the
South, but to some extent throughout the coun-
try. Why, it is asked, does President john
son still keep in force his military occupation
of the Southern States! Why not turn over
those States absolutely to the civil authorities?
Why not put an end to these military tribunals,
these Roman provincial satraps and their pro-
vost marshals? and why not give free scope
again to the habeas corpus?
These questioners forget that after . great
tempest has rolled away it takes some time for
the agitated sea to settle down. The fiery
storm of war, with its iron thunderbolts and
leaden hail, has passed off; the insurgents of
the South have laid down their arms; they sub
NIT to the resistless power and sovereign
authority of the United States; but still, from
the Potomac to the Rio Grande, chaos-social
and political chaos-reigns The intervening
country Is a vacuum 80 far as State govern
ments and civil authorities are concerned. So
It is that over all these States the President is
compelled to fall back upon his war powers to
enable the people to reorganize their local in
situations and to get their State governments
upon their legs again. In doing this he recog-
nizes the settlement Of certain great issues by
the war-the extinction Of slavery, and the
Southern fallacy Of sts.s Sovereignty and the
overthrow Of The Southern slAYeR2,sding
oligarchy. He makes these decisions of the war
the tests of the restoration Of the insurgent
States; and here is q task which, from the dis
organization and confusion Of Southern society,
demands the supervision Of the war power of
the President. In o word, until the civil autho-
rites of the Southern States, thrown out by
the war, are re-established upon the basis Of
the new order Of things resulting from the war,
the military arm Of the general government
must be employed to maintain order and to
assist the people in the work before them.
This, we think, Is sufficient for the fullest
justification of President johnson in the con-
tinucd exercise of his military authority in the
South, and partially in the North, although
the war is at an end. Southern secessionsts
still disposed to be vicious, Northern copper
heads still sympathizing with JEFF Davis, and
Northern negro suffrage fanatics still intent
upon some scheme of sectional agitation and
discord, are in this business doing all they can
do to misrepresent and embarrass the admin
istration, and to rule or ruin it; but the prac-
teal common sense OF the great masses of the
people, North and South, will carry the Presi-
dent successfully through this great work OF
Southern restoration. The Southern people
must have the instruments before they can
have the full benefits of the peace establish
ment
The radical abolition agitation of immediate
and unconditional negro suffrage means mis-
chief, and nothing else. The Southern seces-
sion and Northern copperhead outcries against
the military agencies of law and order, con-
tinued in force by the administration, may be
placed in the same category. Negro suffrage
in the South will be attended to in due season,
and under proper limitations. The military
appliances of the government are being, and
will be, Withdrawn from the South as fast as
possible consistent with the public safety, and
all these disturbing forces of abolitonists, cop
perheads ard secessionists, North and South,
will be thrust aside.
With every passing day the administration,
upon this question of negro suffrage, is gaining
strength. The training and long experience of
Andrew Johnson in the midst of Southern
slavery give him, in this matter, strong hold
upon the public confidence. But there is still
another question to which we would call his
attcrtion--tte question of the national debt.
Mr.. Jay Cooke, the Subscription Agent Of the
Treasury Department, tells us that great ma
ticnal debt is a great national blessing-a
dogma which involves the policy of an indie
finite expansion of our existing debt, with all
its onerous taxations, corruptions and high
prices. We shall expect from President John
son different argument in his first annual mes.
sage 10 Congress, and plea for the immediate
reduction and speedy settlement of our national
debt as a great national burden. Occupying
this ground, in connection with his res Grafton
platform, he will soon find himself the un-
doubled master of the situation even in Con-
grcss.
GENERAL SnERMAN's NINErY-SINTH SPEECH
General Sherman made another speech at
Indianapolis on Tuesday last, in which he had
something TO say about reconstruction and the
d.sposal of the negroes The telegraph docs