The Indianapolis daily herald. [volume] (Indianapolis, Ind.) 1865-1868, 1865-12-06

y IN ueed Of labor. ADD the freedmen are 10 I
reed % employment. culture ADD profession I
While Their tight q voluntary Allegation ard
tSP tffiaton Il 10. 20 be questioned. would
nor advise their forced removal and colonizas
uou. Let us rather encourage them 30 honor
seis Ans Hssssl 'ndas'ry. ~Asfs IL may be bsae.
heisl 90 themselves and % the country: ard ~
Tslc ohhRtv auiieipatOns a he certainty Of
failure. let thefe ~ uoisiag seating % the fair
iiial oi Gle 81 2Sfiment The changsi IN their c0a-
dt0u Il the substitution OF labor bf contrsci for
the status Of ,lavsrv. The freedman can rot
De furly accused OF unwillingncss % work.
20 long - doubt remains about his
the eertsinty o. his recovering co. ,si his
stipulated wages. In this the Interests
q the employer and the employed coincide.
The employer desires IA bis workman spirit
aud alaerity. and these can be permanently
secured In no other way. Aud IL the one oughi
b la able 10 enforce the contract. 80 ought the
other. The public interest viii be best pro-
mpted, n The several states Will provide ade-
qunte protection aud remedies for the freed
men. Until this ~ In some way plished,
thrre II no chance for the advantageous use OF
their labor: and the blame Of ill-succcss will
not rest on them.
know that sincere philanthropy il earnest
for the immediate realization Of is remotest
aims; but time IL always an element I'm reform.
IL l. one of the greatest acts on record 90 have
The career Of free industry may be fairly
opened 10 them. aud then their future pros
perity and condition must, sfter all, rest msin-
~ on themselves. II they fail. and 30 perish
away. let " be- careful that the failure shall
not be- attributable q any denial ~ Justice In
all that relates 10 the destiny Of the freedmen,
we need not be too anxious 10 read the future:
many incidents which. from speculative
point OF 'icw. might raise alarm, Will quietly
settle themselves.
hot Al L. q
end the greatness OF its evil, In the point Of
view Of public economy, becomes more and
moro apparent. slavery was essentially mo-
nopoly Of labor, and as such locked the States
where IL prevailed against the incoming of
free industry. Where labor was the property
Of the capitalist, the white man was excluded
from employment, or had but the second best
chance Of finding IT, and the foreign emigrant
turned away from the region where his cOndi-
ton would be 10 precarious With the de-
struction OF the monopoly, free labor will has
ten from all parts Of the civilized world 10 as
sist In developing various and immeasurablc
resources which have hitherto lain dormant.
The eight or nine States nearest the Gulf Of
Mexico have soil Of cxuberant fertility. q
climate friendly 10 long life, and can sustain
denser population than Is found as yet In any
part Of our country. And the future Influx Of
population 20 them Will be manly from the
\ North, or from the most cultivated nations in
/ Europe. From the suferings that have at
/ look away 10 the future. which Is sure TO be
laden for them with greater prosperity than
has ever before been known. The removal Of
the monopoly Of slave labor IL pledge that
those regions will be peopled by a numerous
and enterprising population, which will vie
with any in the Union in compactness, In
yentiye genius, wealth, and industry.
our Government springs from and was made
for the people-n0t the people for the Govern
ment. TO them 1t owes allegiance; from them
Il must derive It's courage, strength and wis
dom. But. while the Government j. thus
bound TO defer 10 the people, from whom it
/ derives its existence, il should, from the very
consideration OF It's origin, be strong In its
power Of resistance 10 the establishment Of in
! equalities. Monopolles. perpetuites and class
\ legislation are contrary TO the genius OF free
government, and ought not 10 be allowed. Here,
there i no roora for favored classes or monopo-
! lies-the principle Of our Government il that Of
/ equal laws and freedom of industry. Where
ever monopoly obtains foothold. IL Is sure 10
/ be source OF danger, diseord and trouble. We
shall but fulfil our duties A. legislators by ac-
cording equal and exact justice to all men,"
special privileges 10 none. The Government is
subordinate t. the people; but, as the
agent and representative Of the people, il must
be held superior TO monopolies, which, in
themselves, ought never TO be granted, and
which, where trey exist, must be- subordinate
and yield to the Government.
! The Constitution confers on Congress the
right 10 regulate commerce among the several
States. lt IL Of the first necessity, for the
maintenance Of the Union, that commerce
should be free and unobstructed No State
can ejustified in any device to tax the tran sit
Of travel and commerce between States. The
/ position Of many states is such that. il they
were allowed 70 take advantage of IL for pur-
/ poses Of local revenue the commerce between
States might be injuriously burtheued, or even
virtually prohibited. tisbest, while the coun-
try Is young, and the tendency TO dangerous
monopoies OF this kind Is still feeble, 10 use
\ the power OF Congress as To prevent any
selfish impedi nent 10 the free circulation Of
men and nerchaodise. A tax on travel and
merchandise. in their transit, constitutes one
/ OF the worst forms Of monopoly. and the evil is
increased If coupled with denial of the choice
! Of route. When the vast extent OF our coun-
try is considered, 1t is plain that every obstacle
10 the free circulation of commerce. between
the states ought 10 be sternly guarded against
by appropriate legislation. within the limits Of
/ the Constitution.
The report Of the Secretary Of the Interior
explains the condition Of the public lands the
transactions Of the Patent Office and Pension
! Bureau, the management Of our Indian affairs
/ the progress made in the construction OF the
/ Pacific railroad. and furnishes information in
reference to matters of local interest in the
District Of Columbia. II also presents evil
dence Of the susccs sful operations the Home
stead Act, under the provisions OF which ], 160,-
BIB acres of public lands were entered during
! tnc last uscai Nedr-fnOTc THAN ODe-iOurtl OF
/ the whole number OF acres sold Or otherwise
disposed Of during that period. 1t is esti-
mated that the receipts derived from this source
are sufficient 10 cover the expenses incident .
the survey and disposal OF the lands entered
under this Act aud that paw ments ia cash 10
the extent Of from forty to fifty per cent will
be made by settlers, who may thus at any time
acquire title before the expiration of the period
at which il would other wisevest. The home
| IL f.kl ska1 II, l.
earnest resistance: experience proves its wis
dom The lands, in the hands of industrious
settlers, whose labor creates wealthand con-
tribstes 10 the public resources. are worth more
TO the United States than il they had been re
served as solitude for future purchasers.
The lamentable events OF the last four years
and the sacrifices made by the gallant men OF
our Army and Navy, have swelled the records
of the Pension Bureau TO an unprecedented cx-
tent. On the Both day OF June last the total
number Of pensioners was S. $50, requiring
for their annual pay, exclusive OF expenses the
sum Of ss,02S,44S The number Of spplica-
tons that have been allowed since that
date will require large increase OF this
amount for the next fiscal yssr The
means for the payment OF the stpebds due, us-
der existing laws, 10 our disabled soldiers and
sailors, and to the families of such as have per-
lshed 10 the service OF the country. will no doubt
be cheerfuliy and promptly granted. A CRATE
iui people viii not hesitate 10 sanction any
measures having for their object the relief Of
soldier matilated and families made father
less IN their Efforts to preserve our national ex-
istenee.
The report Of the Postmaster General pre-
SCENTS an encouraging exhibit Of the operations
OF the Post Office Department during the year.
The revenues Of the past year from the loyal
states alone exceeded the maximum annual
receipts from all the States previous to the re-
bellion, IN the sum Of - ,o3S col: and the
annual average increase OF revenue during the
last four years, compared with the revenues Of
the four year. Immediately preceding the re-
bellon. was S3,533.Ss5. The revenues Of
the last nscsl year amounted 10 Sl4,56.l 5S,
and the expenditures to Sl3.69i,72
leaving surplus Of receipts over eXpendi-
lures OF Ss5l. 430. Progress has ben made in
restoring the postal service in The Southern
states. The views presented by the Postmss-
ter General against the policy Of granting sub
sides 10 ocean mail steamship lines upon estab-
hsbed routes. and in favor Of continuing the
present system, which limits the compensation
for ocean service 10 the postage earnings, are
recommended 10 the careful consideration Of
Congress.
IL appears, from the report Of the Secretary
Of the Navy, that while. al the commencement
Of the nra>Quf year fhera were In eoumfs.sr,