The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1865-12-06
Il the most numerous branch OF the State LEGISLATURE

Of the most numerous branch or the State Legislature
After the formation OF the constitution, il remained,
as BEFORE the UNIFORM usage for each enlarge
the body OF its electors according 10 its own Judgment
and under this system, one State another pro-
ceeded 70 increase the number Of electors until
universal suffrage something very near H. In the gen.
era rule 80 nxed was this reservation OF power in
Interpretation Of the constitution thar during he civil
war the lae President harbored the purpose
fanny never avowed the purpose-of disregardng
"; and IN the acts OF Congress during that period
nothing can be found which, during the continuance
o. hostlties much less after their close would have
sancuoneu any departure by the Executive from
| policy which Lad uniformly obtained. More
over CONCESSION Of The elective franchise freed
men, ~ ac 81 The PRESIDENT OF The gntiod States must
have been extended 70 all coored nen wherever found
ana SO nu. have established change 81 suffrage in tie
Northern, Middle and Hesern st 81 not less ,hsa IA The
southern and Southwestern. Such an act would hayo
created new class OF votes AID sanld have been IN
assumption power by the President which nothing In
the constitution or laws OF the United scus have
warranted
On tho other hand every danger Of so.a,et IA avoided
when the settlement of the question roferrad the
several States. Tn each for Itself decide on he
measure, and whether be a. on, and at
sointeiy or introduced gradually and with Conditions
In my Judgment the freedmen Il they show patience and
manly virtues will obtain participation In The
elective franchise through the States tns through the
general government even II il had power Intervene
When the tumult Of emotions that haze been raised by
the snddepness Of the social change shall subsidized
u may prove that they will receive tho kndes usage
rom some OF those on whom they have heretofore most
closely depended.
GOVERNMENT COMPETENT TO EXTEND the Affective FRAN
j CHlsE To- FREEDMEN.
But while have no donbt that now after tho close OF
the war II Is not competent for the genera government
to extend the elective r,nchse In the several States
- equally clear that good faith requires the security Of
the freedmen in their liberty and their ,ro er,y Their
right TO labor and their right to claim The ia II
their labor cannot too strongly urge dispassonae
treatment OF this subject which should b. are nv Kent
aoof from all party strife. We must equally AVOID hasy
assumptions II any natural impossib lily fos the
IA g TO I've side by side in state Of mutual neft and
good WILL The experiment involves us in incorsis
ten let ns then 60 and make that exn GOOD
faith. and not be too easily dshearencd The country
poyment, culture and protection Willie their right OF
voluntary migration and expatraon s not 70 be qas.
tioned would not advise their forced removal and colo
nzation .Ht us rather encourage them to honorable
and useful industry where 1t may be beneficial thn
selves ana 70 the oonnry and instead Of basy anticna
tons OF IN" certainty OF failure let there he nothing
wanting TO the fair trial of the exper The change
IN their condition the bstuon Of labor by
Tor the status 81 slavery. The freedman fairy
b. accused Of unwingness to work long an a doub.
remains about his freedom Of choic, IN his rur-
sts and me certainty OF his recovering his stipulated
wages In this the interests Of the employer and the
employed coincide. The employer desires 10 his work
occurred other way And If the one ought ~ ba able
10 enforce the CONTRACT ought tho other The p.blc
interest will best promoted If the eral States will
provide adequate proe ton ard remedc or the fr cd
men. Until this Is In way ,0mpisbed there IL
chance for the advantageous us Of their abor and the
blame OF ill-success will not rest on them
know that sincere philanthropy Is earnest for the
immediate realization Of its remoest ama but time i
always an element In REFORM II OF the creates,
acts record 70 have brought lions OF people
into freedom The career Of free industry must bc fairly
condition must, after ALL rest manly on themsel es Il
they fall and 80 perish away let be careful that the
failure shall not be attributable to denial or justice
Inall that relates 70 the destiny o. the freedmen
need not be too anxious to read the future; many incl
dents which, from speculative point Of view might
raise alarm, will quietly settle themselves
FREE LABOR BAsTEvrSG soUra.
Now that slavery is Mt an end or near its end,
greatness OF ts evil in the pont OF view public
my, becomes more and moro apparent Slavery was
essentially monopoly Of labor and such locked the
states where prevailed against the incoming OF free
1 IN nil
the white man was excluded from employment or had
but the second chance Of finding IL end tho foreign
emigrant turned away from the region his cona,
| ton would be so precarous. Will the de-
ssgson s Of III %sssp free a1s, VIII w
world 70 assist in developing various and r,inen.nr.
able resources VIII oh have hitherto lain dormant
soil Of exuberan fertility climate friendly long
and can sustain denscr population than found ye.
population to them will DO mainly fom the North or
from the most cultivated nations IN Eropc From
struggle lei us look away to the uturr which sure
be laden for them with greater prosper than has
before been known. The removal Of The monopoly u
slave labor Is pledge that those regions Will Re peorct
by q numerous and enterprising population which will
vie with any In the Union in conpactncss inventive
genius, wealth and industry.
Our government springs from and wa. made FOR the
peoplenot the people for the government. To them
owes allegiance from them 1t must derive s courage
strength and wisdom But, while the government /.
thus bound TO defer 10 the people, from whom derives
It's existence, should nom the very consideration of It's
origin be strong In IT. power Of resistance tho
lshment Of inequalities honopocs, perp tn,es and
class legislation are contrary 70 the genius Of free
there is room for favored classes monopolies
the principle OF government 10 that Of al laws and
footho!d Is TO be source OF danger dscord and
trouble. We shall but fuf duties a. legislators by
according eou. and exact justice 70 all men special
the people, but the agent and representative Of the
people must DO held superior 70 monopolies which,
In themselves, ought never 70 DO granted and which,
where they exist mus Be subordinate and yield 10 the
anoCLAs7oa OF oornHcH
Tho conntui,on con'ers Congress the right 70 regu
9te commerce among the several Statos Il il OF the
5. se aOs M.
State b usAed In any devce 70 the transit Of
travel and commerce beswse. stasea 1hs position Of
ssrs Sssss" ss.s night b auouy S ins sI Or
h stIl young and while the tendency 10 dangerous
monopcl-s Of ,his kind IS sl Feeble 70 the power
circulation Of nsa and merchandise. tax on travel
and MERCHANDISE n the! transit constitutes one Of she
q and The ,
vast cxtent Of country IL considered II plain that
obstacle 10 the free circulation ri be-
tween the States ought 70 be serny guarded against by
siiuton
Sumir rAvpe no.
The report Of the Secretary Of Interior explains
tho condition Of tho public lands the transactions Of
the Patent once apd tho Pens bureau, tho manage
ment Of Indian Affairs, the progress made In the
construction the Pacific Railroad and furnishes inor
nation in reference TO Eaters ~ local interest in the
District Of Columbia II also presents evidence Of the
successful operation OF the Homestead act under the
provisions Of which li6o $50 Of the public lands
entered during the at fiscal ysar-mo.e than
fourth Of tho whole number u acres sold o,her.
wire disposed OF during that period II ~
tnated that the receipts derived from tbs pcurce
sufficient TO the expenses incident TO the
vey and disposal OF the lands entered under this act
that payments In cash 70 the extent Of from forty to dty
per cent will be made by settlers, who may thus any
time acquire title before the expiration VI tho period
which II would otherwise vcst The homestead pol cy
established only after long aud RESISTANCE
experience proves its wisdom. The lands, the hands
OF industrious settlers, whoe labor creates wealth aud
contributes TO the public resources, worth
the tinted States than II they had been cd
solitude for future purchasers
BrRgAc.
The inmentable the -four years ana the
sacriLces made by the gallant msu OF army and
navy have sweled the ~ the Pension Bureau
an unprecedented ent on the 3oth day of June last