The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1865-12-06

dicated the truth srIy estsbi,hsd and sfifmed
that tresson 10 crime that traitors should b pun
,lsd, finally md forever, that no State o. lis = win
the four million. o. inhabitants sbom the var ha.
called into freedom, have engaged my most serious
confederation. ON the propriety Of attempting TO
mare tho freedmen elcc,or. by the rrcclsrstcn II
set the interpretations Of that instrument by It's
sutnor, and their contemporaries, aud recent legi.-
towards independence, the Congress Of the United
states Instructed the several states 10 institute
decide Tor itself the condition, Tor the enjoyment Il
we eiectivo franchise. During the period Of tie
uNernty IN tho qualifications Of electors In the
stVein states and even within State distinction
~ Iuancstons prevailed With re ara TO the ofheet.
VINO were 10 be chosen. The Constituton OF the
ldied stste, recognizes these divefsi,ies when 10
e'oin. mat In the choice OF members u The House
~ ~ hepresentsuyts OF the Unit saes ths
etctoi, IN each state shall have the qu Obligations
Of the state Iesisisturs." sosT he formation
o. ne Consttntion, II remained, a. before, the
Uniform iS III a., usage Tor each state 70 enarse t.e
and, under this system. one State alter smother ha.
proceeded 70 increase the number Of It's electors,
uht'l nov universal suffrage something very near
~ is the eensral rule. 30 fired this reservstion
Of power In the habits OF the peopo and 20 unlue.-
ton, that during the civil war the late Presiden!
never harbored the pufpose-eertainly never syossd
Congress, during that PERIOD nothing can DO found
which, during the continuance Of hostilities much
lea aiter thelr close, would have mnctonen any
departure by the Executive from policy which ha,
20 uniformly obtained. Moreover, concession Of
President Of tho United states must have been eI-
tended 70 all dolores men, wherever found, and 90
Northern, Middle, and Western states, not less than
In tho Southern and Southwestern. such m act
have been an assumption OF power by the President
which nothing In ths Constitution or laws Of the
United states would have warranted
IN the other hand, every danger OF conflict IL
syoided whom the settlement Of the question 10
referred to the several States They can, each for
itself decide the easure and whether Il Il TO 30
.dopted At once and absolutely introduced gradu-
freedmen, II they s6os patience and manly virtues,
sna a sooner obtain pArtcip.'ion In the elective
ene snI1Sse the SUE b ssp ssTTash ,ne
yene, When the tumult Of emotion. that have been
raieed by the audiences Of the social change shall
have subsidized, II may prove that they will receive
the tindliest usage from OF those vhsn they
have heresofore most closely depended.
But while have no doubt that nov, after the eoee
Government TO extend the elective franchise in the
requires the security OF Inc freedmen ia the liberty
and their property, their right 10 labor, and their
Of this subject, Which should be carefully
equally Toid hssty assumption, q any natural M
possibility Tor tse two races 10 live side by aide, In
/ STATE Of mutual benefit and good will. The
eIperiment Involves US in no Inconsistency let IA
then, go on and make that experiment In good iath,
/ aud not be too easily dihheArtened. Tho country
/. in need Of labor and the freedmen are In need q
| employment culture and protection. While their
rignt OF voluntary migration and eIpatraton no.
To DO questioned, would not advise their forced
| removal and colonization. Let US rather encourage
them to honorable and useful industry, where IL may
be benehcia 70 Themselves and W the county; and,
instead Of bAty snticpations Of the certainty OF
failure. let their be- nothins wanting TO the fair trial
Of tho experiment. The change IN their condition IL
the substtutan Of labor by contract tor the stsu,
OF slavery. The freedman cannot fairly be accused Of
unwillingness TO work, 90 long q doubt remains
about his freedom OF choice in his pursuits, and the
certainty Of his recovering his stipulated wages In
this the interests OF tho employer and the employed
coincide. The employer desires in his woiknien
spirit and al,crity, and these can be permanently
secured In no other way And n the one oughl DO
able TO enforce the contract ought the vher Ihe
public interest viii be best promoted If the several
States viii provide adequate protection and remedies
tor the freedmen. Until this 10 in some way accom-
pshed, there II no chance for the advsntAseou.
OF their labor; and tho blame Of il-sucee" wal not
know that sincere philanthropy earnest for the
immediate realization OF is remolcst aims; but time
greatesi sc record to have brought four million.
OF ptope into freedom. The career of tree indu.trv
prosperity and condition must alter all rest n.inv
on themselves. IL they fail, and 20 perish awgv ict
us ee careful that the failure shan not be attribut-
| the destiny OF the freedmen, We need NOT be 10
anxious to read the future; lnany incidents which,
from speculative point OF view might Ta.e alarm
| will quietly eettlo themselves. '
Now tnAt E,.veIy 70 at an end or near la end. tho
groatnes. Of It's evil In the point OF view of public
economy, becomes more and more apparent. slavery
was essentially monopoly Of labor, and as such lock.
Cd the Hhete " prevailed against the incoIning
of iree industry. Where labor vas The properIy y,
the capitalist, the white man was eIended from
employmsnt, OF had put tho second best chance Of
| finding It; and the foreign emgrant turned .nsy
from the region where his condition would be 20
| preearious With the destruction Of The monoplv'
iree labor will hasten from ali parts OF the cIyys
world TO aiaist In developing various and immesuTs-
bic resources Which have hitherto lain dormant The
eghvor nine States nearest the Gulf OF Msniso nv ny
soil OF eruberant fertility a climate frendiv 10
long Tie aud can sustain denser population thar 4,
| found yet q ourrp
from the Morrill, or from the most cultivated nation,
IN Europe. From the ,utforing- that have ATTENDED
them during our late Struggle let Us loot away 10 Ina
future, which is sure TO be laden for them with Te
er prOipe. ly than has ever before been known fha
removal o. The monopoly Of slave labor pledge that
those esiona Wll be ieopled BY a lulp ereua ma IN
| terpri.ing population, which will vie with any In ,ha
mon ia eompAc.hesA Inventive geaIus, wealth, and
| Industry.
our Government springs from and ", mad. N,
| the paoplo-not inc people foT the Government 10
| mem u owes Aneslhhce from them It must derive
| ls courage, strength and wisdom, But while the
| Government is thus bound To defer 70 the people
rom Nhom ~ derives its existence, It should from
the very consideration Of Its origin be stroug In its
power OF re,ifiA TO tho shment OF ineIual
ties. honopo les, pc petuities, and class Legislation
are contrary 70 the genius OF tree government and
ought not to be allowed Here there Is no rootn Tor
favored classes or monopolies the principle OF our
Government that Of equal laws and freedom Of
! industry' Wherever monopoly obtains foothold n
10 sure 70 be source OF danger dscord and trouble
We shall but iulhi our duties b. accord
| ing equal and exact Justice to all men," special
prlyileges 10 none. The love rnment A, subori n.a
10 the people but, as tho agent aud Representative
Of the people Il must be held superior 10 monopoIies
which, in themselves ought never 10 he ernntsJ aul
| vEich, where ihey EXIT must be subordina.e md
| yield 70 the Goyernment.
The Constitution eonfors on Congress the rieht 10
regulate commerce among the several States II 4,
| OF the mist necessity, Tor the maintenance Of tho
nion That thAl com nerce should bO fee and un-
80 tai the transit Of travel ami eommerce betsrcD
ststoa. The position Of many Saios such that II