The weekly pioneer and Democrat. [volume] (Saint Paul, Minn. Territory) 1855-1865, 1865-08-25

logically excludes the idea that the goveIn-
mcnt OF country canbe established otherwise
than BY the sovereign action Of the people who
posses IL Il equally excludes the idea that
gated powers only. It - logically and posi-.
lively includes the idea that in point of polit-
cal or sovereign right or privilege, and In
point Of public duty and obligation, every man
who IL Q constituent member OF such sover.
eighty 10 the exact equal OF every otner
constituent member thereof 1t follows that
the whole purpose Of government the
in their relations to each other and to the rest
Of mankind--equal protection to each IN the
enjoyment of life, liberty. property and the
pursuit of occupations not morally or phyelc-
ally Injurious to his fellows or the public. Such
il the manifest purpose of this government OF
ours. ought to say these governments Of oufs,
Stote and National. FOR this purpose the PEG.
tive. executive and judicial officers Of their
own choice from among themselves, to make,
To construe. to administer and execute laws
for chem and in their sovereign name; and for
their own protection against the tendency 70
usurpation by those holding from them dele
gated authority, they have, by solemn consti.
tutional provisions, prescribed the limits of
the powers of each department of their gov
ernments, and made it penal and infamous for
any officer to wilfully overstep any of such lin
itations of power. This purpose includes the
proper exercise of all the powers which may
be necessary to stability and protection of the
government itself by which every other right
and power is secured against both internal and
external foes-includes all the objects specified
ted States-that glorious old charter, made,
ordained and established by the men of the re-
yolution and sealed with their blood in de-
defence of the sovereign rights and powers OF
the people, g in order to form a more perfect
union than that under the articles Of confed.
Grafton. establish justice, insure domestic
tranquility, provide for the common defence,
blessings Of liberty to themselves and their
By that Constitution the powers delegated to
the national government for national purposes
are limited and defined. By that Constitution
all sovereign powers and privileges not dele.
gated to the national government are reserved
to the States, or the people In the more per-
feet union created by it. By it that Union
was established as supreme law of the land,
which no man or State could violate and re-
main innocent of crime. By that Constitution
and the spirit in which and intent with which
it was established, the Unioa was stamped in
delibly and a. with the Divine hand este per-
petxa. That Constitution wac ihus established
for the equal benefit and protection of every
man by whom, and for whom, it was made,
and for their posterity. and all others who
should in the mode provided by it become
"citizens of the United States" By that Con-
stitution we, the people of this country. in
these trying days of public troable must stand
or be lost in anarchy and confusion, from which
we or our survivors would emerge a. subjects
of an usurped monarchy instead of free citi-
zens Of republic. By Mot Constitution we,
the sovereign people Of this great nation must
measure and weigh carefully and strictly every
act Of every man who holds from rs any dele
gated power which he exercises in our name.
1t ID in times like these, when public neees-
stiles are great, that doubtful powers are most
likely TO be assumed, and when assumed are ex-
cused rather than justified by the exigeuees
produced by the public troubles, and the peo-
pie submit to them without murmur or an
objection. One such assumption forms pre-
cedent for another, and unless arrested with the
departure of occasions for them, the Constitu-
ton win be subverted and the desire of the
officer viii usurp the place of the supreme
law of the land" Now that peace has again
spread her halcyon wings over the land, all
such precedents must be discarded and all the
proceedings Of the government brought to the
constitutional limits and standard of power.
The means to retrieve the nation from its
endorsements are to be wrought out by labor
in all the departments of industry, -agricul.
ture, manufactures, commerce, mining, &C.
ernmeEL entitled 10 equal protection and equal
encouragement by government Neither
should be favored above the others. When all
are thus equally protected and encouraged all
prosper, and the people and the nation prosper
with and by them, and.peace and content per-
wade the land.
But when either is so favored by government
or otherwise, as to encroach upon the rights OF
any other. or to draw from it an undue share
of the fruits of its labors, the proper equilib.
rum is disturbed; one department prospers
immoderately and unjustly at the expense of
another, and discomfort and murmurs, if not
violence, take the place of peace and harmony
among the people. 1t violates the foundation
principle of the government, that of equality
OF rights and privilege among all the people.
1t is sad but true that at all times the i'm.
pulses of human nature are such as to create
and keep in active exercise an unjust encroach
ment of capital upon the rights and produc.
tons of labor. While those productions fur
nish all the means by which all taxes are paid,
all commercial and bank profits are at the
same time drawn from them. Without labor
and its productions there would be no wealth,
and no man, by productive manual labor alone,
ever became millionaire. While the laborer is
bending his back to his toll, the capitalist is at
his ease and leisure, seeking and even schem-
ing how to draw from the produce of that labor
the largest amount in the way OF interest or
pr Is, 3QQ every SucQ RECONCILIATION OIL C0ptLal
in the hands of lis owner increases his power
to levy heavier burden upon subsequent la
Dor. So it moves on from year ID year till
capital is so accumulated in the hands of con-
paratively few that they become in truth and
fact o controlling monied aristocracy, sustained
by the sweat of the laborer's brow; while
the laborer himself finds it all that he can pos
sibly do to save out of the avails of his toll
sufficient to support himself and family and par
DfIn0Afa RhlIlHQn
A great public debt, like that which now
rests upon Us, UNNECESSARILY increases this
power Of capital. over, and these burthens
upon the laboring people. The great mass of
that debt il copyrighted in the hands Of capt.
s,-ittle or none Of it is in the hands Of the
sons Of toil,-While the product of their labor
pays the uncsasing interest on that debt, and
must eventually pay the principal, too. those
who hold that debt, hold BY it an increasing
power, not only over the laborer and the pro.
auctions of his labor, but over the government
itself, in all its fnaacial policies and opera
tisna This is especially true Of those -whe
have used the public bonds a. security for
bank circulation, under those laws of doubtful
validity and more questionable propriety,
which provide for its allowance. Such power
WIN be used a. the power of capital always ID
used-to keep itself secure and increase It's ac-