davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
St. Mary's gazette., 1865-07-06

large, 40 that ths whole number Of youth
may enjoy the advantage designated to be
secured through the State donation. and
the system Of free public instruction in pri-
mary schools, grammar schools, high
schools and colleges be realized.
Secs B. The annual commencements for
couferring degrees shall be held in the
city O oS}altimore on the fourth day of July.
under such regulations as the Council OF
the University of Maryland may from time
to time announce this shall not take ef.
feet. until the board Of education. after
consultation with the Regents of the Uni
versity NAV direct. and shall in no way
interfere with such literary exercises and
class orations as are held at the different
colleges at the close OF each collegiate
year.
TIrLR 3-MoDEs Of SECURING COMPETENT
TEACHERs
CHAPTER l.
EXAMINATION OF TEACHERS
Section l. It shall be the duty Of the
president of the board of school conmis-
sioners to examine all candidates for the
profession of teachers 10 the presence OF
any members Of the board Of school COM
missioners. should they desire 10 be pres
ent. and TO give eaca person found quail
fed certificate setting forth the branches
they are competent to teach but no certi-
hon ~ -. u
evidence Of the moral character Of the ap-
pl;rsut.
Sec g The cer.i6"ste issued shall be
numbered and registered for each city
and county in book kept ty the said
president. and to be delivered to his S,n-
ce,sors in office. and shall be denomina
ted first or second grade "a the case msv
be. Certificates of the fret grade shall
embrace photography. reading. writing
arithmetic. geography, history, English
grammar. book keeping. algebra, and nat
nral philosophy; ard the second grade
shah embrace orthography reading. writ.
ing. arithmetic. geography, history and
Euglsh grammar. Blank certificates to
be obtained from the State Superinten-
den,'s Office in the same way that the text
books and stationery are.
Sec. 3. No applicant shall be examined
~ a teacher being male. under twenty
years Of age, and if female, under eigh-
teen years Of sge
Sec 4 NJ certificate shall continue in
fore. longer than three years
Sec ) The president shall hold regu-
l"r EXAMINATIONS Of teachers at each quar-
terly mectiug # he board and at other times
when requestvl by any district commits
sion"r
Sec. { Any teacher holding a certif-
cate issued by president may be exam
ined st any time by the State Superiuten-
dent or professor Of the normal scho Il
deputed bv the State Superintendent, aud if
found deGcicn, the certificate shall be can
celrd.
Sec. Z. Each t-acher examined under
this law. before receiving certificate shall
pay to the Treasurer Of the board of school
commissioners the sun Of two dollars. il
first grudc, or oac dolla. if OF the second
grade.
New-York daily tribune. [volume] (New-York [N.Y.]) 1842-1866, 1865-04-10

We print on another page second appeal
from Justice" in favor Of the now modified
petition of the Central Railroad management for
a relaxation Of the legal restraint on its passen-
ger fare. So much of this article admits and
confirms what we have for years been urging
with regard TO the now past management Of the
Central, that we hope it may be generally end
carefully read! IT, .e-
If we correctly apprehend the matter, the
present embarrassments Of the Central result
from these causes:
Z l. bnprovidcnt, wasteful management dur
ing the dictatorship Of Mr.. Corning;
(. 2. Imitation and consequent depreciation Of
the National Currency; t
3 A Winter of extreme and rare severity,
ESPECIALLY fruitful Of snow-storms and drifts,
which for time nearly preclmed freightng,
the income for February alone b.
nearly Halfa Million Dollars.
Hard Winters arc incidents which all bust
ness must confront as they best may; loose
management is an abuse which stockholders and
directors must abate; while Currency dcprecia-
ton is an evil which we must all take hold and
help overcome, 20 soon as the War shah be
oyer, by subscribing generously toll National
Loan, and thus contracting the volume and
the vlue Of the Currency. This
lone, we trust that the Central, economically
and ably mapagea, will surmount its cInbarass.
ments without further aid. An income of
81, 900, 900 per annum on capital Of 90, 9oO,-
600, surely ought to be adequate. i.,--1.sa
New-York daily tribune. [volume] (New-York [N.Y.]) 1842-1866, 1865-04-10

-. .,pv vii leayp thereby bow, T.. ~fks pct
:. ~ ~ saMsnbef ::AAs dvert ods you who
cant get on wit out guidance OF .lps afford affords
tho strongest possible arscmeennt 10Y 'n0 Osn'n'
cence of Slavery" Al
Now, whoever saw negro TOo w.s ra ~
that being freed. he would no lcne' ."ano,
work for living : We challenge to Pr 49,,
ton of an instance Of such faulty. If o,'e Cal.
be found, We propose and urge the policy aa'
will clear bis head Of the pestilent folly forth
with. 49,, .,'r"J
Most certainly, we do not believe that Gems.
Gilmore or Saxton have ever issued rations to
one idle negro while hiring Irishmen to clean the
streets of Charleston; and We are sure tho
emancipated. Blacks will endure the
long agoYies" of working fox themselves instead
of their late masters with exemplary fortitude.
George III. and his courtiers doubtless felt
sympathy for the "long agonies" Of the deluded
colonists who insisted on being independent
quite equal to that of The Albion for the freed
men. Our fathers managed to exist after King
George had left them to the devices and desires
of their own heart; and we doubt not the freed
met, will likewise survive the 'long agonies'
of their bereavement, of the loving guardianship
of Legree, jeff. Davis, Lee, Tombs & Co.
New-York daily tribune. [volume] (New-York [N.Y.]) 1842-1866, 1865-04-10

sYMPHOyIE.SoIRES.

o. The fifth and lost Symphonic oiree took
place ct Irving Hall on Saturday evening Last. The
attendance was good. but hardly as large as at the
fourth soiree. The printed programme had to be
chsuged In consequences OF the Illness Of Mr. August
Krelamann, the Gsrraan song singer Of Boston whose
place was ably hncd BY MIRA l. u. Barclay. The bl.
lowing orchestral pieces were performed;
:" Arranged foy QgrhestrA by h. iiesser. D
Symphony for Violin and Mozart
With Orchestral sccompaniGent .'.r
Oveftuss-Bytde II Messna .Schurman
Symphony no. beothoveu
Bachs "Jnsssaeaglia 10 not as wen calculated for
orchestral development 10 hia "TocatA' in +. which
was played at the second or third Symphonic soiree.
II deficient in eontras, and strong points, and
qusntly admits Of but little colosiue. 1t 10 finely In
stsumsnted, the SUBJECTS bslns well distributed through
the orchestra but As efect very nonotonous. 1t Ia
not likely haiti will hs reproduced. la.,..e.'
II vas the custom years ago 70 write solos for instru
mens which wsye no longer recognized as belonging TO
the solo class. and much very fine music has been
thrown away In tAls direction. Mosart's SYMPHONY
for Violin and yiYa Is striking instance Of this The
framework In which these solo parts set Is very
beautiful. now broad and massive. and again tender
dslicsts and 1setu and 4! sltsgsthsz wasted IL the
New-York daily tribune. [volume] (New-York [N.Y.]) 1842-1866, 1865-04-10

tho rvots o, India and the poor cultivstOrs Of
rhfsy in Asia muss 10 making money enor-
mpusly. for they habituallyI pAf ,; Hehw ratA
of interest than rules even IN California. And
all men of business experience do know that
the rate Of interest has usually been highest IN
our City just when Trade was at . stand, and
ruin looking in at every counting-rooin window
We hold il demonstrable, in point blank opposi-
ton 10 The Commercials theory, that the highest
rates of interest are and have been habitually
paid by those who could least afford TO pay
them paid, not because they were thrifty, but
the revcrse-Spaid, because they must have
money, not because they could profitably use it.
The Commercial assumes that nobody lends
money to the Government from any other i'm
pulse than that Of selfinterost. This is rather
aside from the main question; but we happen to
know that it Is at variance with the truth. We
firmly believe that more money has been sub.
scribed to the National Loans because the sub
scribers felt it duty to sustain their imPeriled
Government than under purely mercenary, i'm.
pulse. We know this is the case with regard to
some.
New-York daily tribune. [volume] (New-York [N.Y.]) 1842-1866, 1865-04-10


The Message submitted by Gov. brownlow 70
the General Assembly of Tennessee, which met
on April 3, strikihgly illustrates the progress Of
anti-Slavery sentiments in that State. -Four
years ago. Brownlow, though strongly devoted
to the Union, was yet decidedly opposed to
abolition and emancipation. Now he recon-.
mends to the Legislature to rstify the copsttu,
tional amendment " so as to strike down the
monster institution which has embroiled the
Government for half century, and eliminated
in the most wicked, uncalled-for and bloody
war ever known in the history Of the civilized
world" ni
Both Houses of the Legislature promptly re-
sponded to the Governors recommendation by
unanimously ratifying the oonstitutiond-amend-
ment. 'r r..+ f . . I
New-York daily tribune. [volume] (New-York [N.Y.]) 1842-1866, 1865-04-10
A MRDITATED CRIME.

| Congress, some years SINCE made generous
appropriation of Public Lands to the several
States for the sole, specific purposeof promoting
the education of our people in the sciences essen
tial to Agriculture and the Mechanic Arts
The share of our State amounts to 800 900 acres,
worth nearly 81 100000; sufficient to insure
the foundation aud maintenance OF one OF the
noblest and most useful Seminaries that eye'
blessed mankind. ....,... 10
The Legislature Of 1853, after careful consid.
Grafton, made over this grant to the Peoples
College at Havana, Schuyler County. on specific
and proper conditions, which have not yet been
and seem unlikely to be fulfilled. Meantime,
lion. Ezra Cornell has ofered--ln case this
grant Is transferred to the University he pro-
poses to found near ithaca, to add q noble
farm OF two hundred acres and bvnus OF Hall
a Million Dollars, making the entire endow'
ment tho most bountifal ever yet secured at its
foutlation to any Seminary on earth.
We coald say or do nothing to the prejudice
d the Peoples College, 50 long as that enter
Prise promises to justify the hopes Of Fs pro
iectors and TO fulfill the conditions on which the
Land Fnnd has been placed within its rssOh'
but the interests u Popular, Practical E<nc"'
ton arc far mere important than those Of any
project or locality. II the Peoples College will
not or cannot do what Is required by It's con-
tract with the State, the Cornell University VIII
do oil snd more, ana there should be no hesita-
ton ss to closing with its offer. Life Is uncer.
tain; dispositions change; and tho good dis
regarded to-day may he rpat.anaae tomorrow
To be wise in time is the only true wistofn. ~
But there are schemes pressed OH the Legisia-
ture which contemplate q distributions OF the
Land Fund among vayious sectarian colleges
and serpinarss which, provoke the stsnest
rcprobat!on. Every dollar 20 distributed viii
be appropriated In violation Of tho spirit not,
tho lett,rsof shc grant by Congress.-'win bel
perverted 70 crls which were never contemplated
By the doriscrs OF this nsgnifcent plan for the
increase and diffusion Of prssticd knowladge.
We en,reat the Legislature not 70 prove un'
faithful TO the great trutt dsVolvcd on 1t by
Con gress but % take caro- that IN amy case the
Land Fund be preserved and aevot ed without
abatement TO shc one srscifis and ncbae use
specified in the act which cAlled Il into being.
New-York daily tribune. [volume] (New-York [N.Y.]) 1842-1866, 1865-04-10

The Union Commission makes, in on. sdver-
,;.;ns columns this morning, an appealfor fands
and supplies Of clothing on behalf Of the white
southern refugees whom it has takeI under its
special care. There are many thousands o. a inns
class whom the Rebellion has reduced 70 want
a portion Of whom have been driven nom 'Ae,l
homes and compelled to seek refuge At our NIL
5tsry posts. The Commission has its agents o.
a,l these from Cairo to New-Orleans, IN the
North West and in the sea-board cities. 1t has
distributed already 90, 1000 garments among these
destitute people. has cared for tho sick in hospi.
tails. orphans and aged persons in asylums, and
provides, for the abls-bodied homes and labor N
the North whom that is practicable. Many o.
them have recently come to this city and tht
Commission has had Barracks fitted w saz thsh
New-York daily tribune. [volume] (New-York [N.Y.]) 1842-1866, 1865-04-10

the head Of, q faction not of Y people sDsN'
is q politician; Lee soldier. The military head
gone and there is nothing left. If Johnston is
wise he will follow Lees example. II he Ia moi
wise be will earn the excavations Of the South
for the useless waste of blood that must follow
the necessity of his humiliation. With him ii
is question of days. He must bow to fate
and succumb or accept swift destruction.
There is no other alternative. The
most faint-hoarted, the most hopeless now
at the North need waver or doubt
no longer. The most desperate, the most de-
termned at the South can no longer hope or
struggle. The Rebellion is over; suppressed
Overwhelmed, destroyed. fought down, by
strong arms, and stout hearts, and wise heads
ended-ended as rebellion should be by utter
destruction. t..-,r.. isn .
Shall we not bless Godi We were worse
than heathens five did not. 1t s!tHis King.
dom come" inasmuch as it 10 the triumph of
right over wrong. The great and holy. cause of
the Rights Of Man, of Free Government, which
tho world has been fighting for these many
centuries, is established as no man living ever
dared hopsto see. The Peoplereign. Onso much
of this wide section of the globe that the Union
covers the people reign; there Is presently to
be "peace and good will to man." This is the
meaning of the end of the Rebellion. This is
what peace In the United States means to all
the people of all the earth. ESD.
There is nothing in history like this campaign
Of Grants 1t began ayear ago. II shall
fight on this line," he said. "f II takes all
Summer" It took all Summer and all Winter;
but be never relaxed for q moment his
clutch on Lee and the Rebellion. He
"had him where he wanted him" all the
time. lie hurled him FROM the Rapidan, he
shut him up in Richmond, and bound him there
with chains that he could not break except By
self-destruction. lie broke them at last, but
Grant threw himself with all his strength upon
the flying Rebel. Escape was impossible from
that impetuous pursuit, from that mastery
generalship. 1t was the hare and the hounds;
the hon and his prey; the strong man and the
child; there was no escape. Les SURREs-
DERs AND THE RsBRLLToy Is EspEp.
New-York daily tribune. [volume] (New-York [N.Y.]) 1842-1866, 1865-04-10
POLITICAL HCOnOMY-L'EG AL
m TEnDER-LOANs ,r

The COMMERCIAL asks, with an Gil: Of injured
innocence, what We have against Idlheai
Economy. We may answer briefly No more
thsn Copernicus had against tho Ptolrmaic
Astronomy which he overthrew. We object to
what in our day styles itself, par s1ead'ssce,
Political Ecosomy, that its conceit surpasses
liz possible) Us willful ignorance Of the most
essentia al facts-that its apostles are careful not
to read anything that initiates aDiinss their
they make aIio,as Of
theories which contradict the experience Of
mankind. We do not donbt that the Editor of
The COMMERCIAL has full faith in what he calls
Political Economy; but We greatly dount that
he ever read ono Of tho works OF Henry c.
Casey OF eny other modern defense Of tire policy
of Protection. Now, wo Of the contrary part
d., read our leading opponents--we know what
they hold. and teach--we have considered their
positions. and think We know wherein they are
mistaken; but they know no more Of US than Of
the Csciaues or the pruids. Itseems to us that
we have them at disadvantage this point. v
tn. Commercial adults that the Pacific States
have contributed little or nothing toward tbs
stupendous amounts loaned to cur Government
by our people to carry us through the was for
the Union-nesrly Two Thousand Millions OF
Dollars within the last three years-far more
than was ever before loaned in three years by
any people to any Government on earth. Cali.
fornis, Oregon and Nevada. though highly pros
! porous, have loaned little or nothing to the
Government, says our neighbor, not because
they had Gold Currency, but because the rate
of interest was higher there than here. This ia
very much like Saying that pineapples grow
i, in Cuba and not in Labrador, not because Of the
higher temperature but because the rays Of the
y sun fall more directly on the tropical locality.
Tie rate of interest Is lower in New. York than
\ in San Francisco merely because our Currency
Ia propOrtionably' by far the more abundant.
But for Greenbscks, the Government could not
have borrowed the vast sums II nee through
|, ont tho last three years At anything hess than
California rates Of interest, If at all.
j But says T1s Commercial, interest is hishss
|, In California than here, not because money is
there scarcer, but because it Is more proftably
employed.-Indeedl Then ,you prove this by
the mere fact that the rate Of interest rules
] high y tbs Paciac' Y that is CONCLUSIVE then
New-York daily tribune. [volume] (New-York [N.Y.]) 1842-1866, 1865-04-10

BIZ and nsA ds adrics aud sons<at Of tie Snsfe , &,
TO BIZ AUDITOR OF THE CANAL DEPARrMESr.
HERKIMgR.- s. Benton OF Little
Falls.
SUPERINTENDENT on INSURANCE. DEaARTNksI-l O
ALBANY--W lillian Barnes of Albany City.
10 SUPERINTENDENT OF RANK DEPARTMENT. 10
iAIBANy-HenrY II. Van Dyck Of Albany City.
49, PORf wARDYys or rae FORT OF AKW YORK.
YoRK-Eemnnd b. Seaman, Joseph +. Glefys
Minthoyn Tonkins Martin Thatcher, New York City,
WEsrcrmsrER john G. Ferguson. Pieasantyile. q
MAplsoN-Samue F. Russell. Hamilton.
SPECIAL PORT wABDyNs AL az ARANriNE a'
IIcHMoND-Robert q. Waters OF T0mpkinsrilss
George Marsac Of Staplston. 4 f u
; HARBOR- MASTERS FOR TIE Ponr OF NEwyORK.
New: YoHx-Jawes w. Hustled Of New.York aiiys
VIM H. Buriegh Of Brooklyn; Benjamin w. Wilson
Of brooklyn; Hosstio n Sherwood Of Now York city,
James NJ. whteomb of Astoria; John a. Balm q Co =
pake; jeremiah brew Of Cornwally Isaac w. SVEN oe2
Medina, GeorgeP. Van Bfun4 OF New York city.
TO BE TRUsyEH OF THE eEyMAN's FUND AND Pa
f.lI , TREAT IN THE CITY OF NEw-yoRx,
New.York-Kenney C0uilhrd. New York city.
..r Tu BE STATS AssESsoR. ~,
CAlrARArors-John 4. Darling Of New albion.
New-York daily tribune. [volume] (New-York [N.Y.]) 1842-1866, 1865-04-10
LEE SURRRNDEBs!

Lee aas surrendered Three words only,
hut how much thy mean. Last night |"
II O'Clock this news reached US, and before
we had finished reading the dispatch cheer
upon cheer rurg through the night air, 50
quickly had the intelligence, not ten NM
utes OF the wires, escaped to the street
TO be carried, like the fash nom noun
taiu.top to mountain-top that gathered
the clans from q whole country side,
into thousands of households TO be repeated In
prayers of Thanksgiving from thousands Of
family affairs. In October, 1881, on dark and
stormy night, the little town Of Boston was
startled from its slumbers by the clear voice Of
a solitary watchman who cried: 'Twsl o'clock
and CORVALLIS DO taken" Three words
CORVALLIS is taken but how much they meant
The liberties Of whole people were achieved;
the struggle Of eight years was ended, thu
long, dark night Of wsr was overs the bright
dawn Of Peace had brokeni England WA
conquered! Now Lee has surrendered. GU
struggle is over; the new birth OF the Nation Il
accomplished the revolution, begun hundre'
years ago, is fulfilled, Repubhcanism' tris'
bv the severest test TO which |
can ever be put, Ia triumphant
domestic treason is utterly suppressed
and punished; freedom Is extended to all tn
people; that "au men are created free an
equal is no longer an abstract principle bu
the faith and the foundation OF nations th
, South is conquered, the Rebellion over, an
, peace immediate with Unisn restored an
narified! .c.c.al1ol,, On s3u3.o1-y
For such is the meaning Of Less surrende
The Rebels lost much in the loss Of their Cap
; tai. In the loss Of Lee they lose everything
Lice, not psYis \ tSsG |sadsG ~ way
New-York daily tribune. [volume] (New-York [N.Y.]) 1842-1866, 1865-04-10

We publish in another column certain letters
Of G. "A. Trenholm, not long ago Secretary OF
the Rebel Treasury. They bear late dates
several were written the Sunday of the evacua-
ton, and we have perfect evidence of their au,
thenticity in the shape of the original press
copies. l.ltur.r .l. a.to.. a
These letters reveal the time and manner OF
the shipment Of the coin and other effects Of his
department, where he proposed to take them,
and also pretty clear insight into tho workings
Of the establishment. Moreover, it appears from
them that Davis's recommendations TO his Con-
gress, which looked to the clutohing for his
empty Golfers of all the coin in the Confederacy.
were promptly acted upon by that body. First
it passed an act imposing upon all coin, whether
in the hands ofindividualso or Of the banks, tax
Of twenty-five per cent and then 1t passed a
supplementary act committing this tax where
the owners of coin would elect to exchange 1t
for cotton at the rate of fifteen cents per pound
We hardly need commend these important docu.
ments to the attention OF our readers. They
are among the most interesting trophies of the
capture of the Rebel capital. 'it-
New-York daily tribune. [volume] (New-York [N.Y.]) 1842-1866, 1865-04-10
NEWS OF THE DAY.
THE WAR.

Animmense number Of Confederate coupon
bonds with the coupons Registered and signed we've
thrown into the streets Of Richmond during the recent
evacuation. Thoy wero picked up by everybody who
had any inclination 10 subject themselves 10 that
trouble and can be purchased from the boys at very
Insignificant sum.
The Richmond Hhig of the 9th instant says
that Governor Smith OF Virginia made speech be.
fore the city councils of Richmond last Sunday after
noon. announcing that the Confederate troops were
victorious and that the city should not be evacuated
BE soon after left OF horseback.
Advices from Richmond Of Thursday evening
state that several Of the Rebel civil officials retreated
along with Lee not having previously eft the city
There are hopes of bagging some Of them.
The Navy Department is informed Of the cap
ture of the British schooner H. II. vermyes, by the
steamer Quaker City. Cargo Coffee. clothes, rum.
tobacco. shoes &c.
I Over 500 Rebel officers Of all grades, are
now in the Old Capitol Prison. Gen. Bsrringer and
several others Lave been sent to Fort Delaware.
Information is received that 5000 Union
prisoners of those held by tho Rebels in Georgia have
arrived at or near Dalton to be delivered to us.
1t is believed that the President is IN Rich.
mond to see what can be done about Peace, and that
he will soon issuo another proclamation.
The opinion prevails in Augusta, Ca, that
Lea Johnston and Je Davis would retreat to Georgia
and then across the Mississippi river.
The new pirate, the Harriet Deford, was
burned by her oaptors TO the waters edge on the
appearance Of our gunbcats.
1t is said that an abundance of American and
Engish gold xas eft by the Rebels in Wilmington, and
that silver Is not scarce.
Twenty pilots. formerly engaged in the Mas
sau blockaderunping 'e have been arrested at Beau
fort. n. c. p
Major-Gen. Peck is in command of the De-
partment Of the East Gen. Dix having gone to Fort
Sumter.
An attempt TO raise some of the vessels sunk
by the enemy in the James River is to be made.
Gen. Sheridan captured seven instead Of FIVE
Rebel generals last week. as at first stated. 9'
1t is supposed in Washington that Gen. Sher-
Iasn occupied Raleigh on wednesday.