The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1865-10-19
GEN. BANKS ON NATIONAL AFFAIRS.
\ 'ecsure OF the General Before the Bos-
d J" Mercantile Society on tho Present
Coz dition or the Country.

distinguished audis nee present and upon the platform
were ex-vice President Hamln, Arson Burugame Hon.
Alexander H Rice and a large number Of local oeebr
ties.
General Banks commenced his lecture by the re-
mark 1T is better to pray than dvise"-the express
sion of Cromwell he assembled his Parliament The
day Of Cromwell and the great in the life Of the
Lord Protector furnished him with an appropriate
ducton to his subject-the secession OF he rebeous
States. They States he said the destroyed
even the imperfect forms Of industry in the South and
led TO military despotism. The government
can never be re-established except upon a con-
dition Of . restoration Of industry, upon o basis
entirely in harmony with the changed condition Of
things Neither the revival OF industry nor the
throw of the confederacy the declaration OF peace
It requires thorough reorganization Of the system Of
labor Who can expect this radical changer Is IL the
people Of the Southf Can they who initiated the war
for the declared purpose Of perpeuang the bondage Of
might be acquired initiate TO perpetuate
their freedom and secure TO them the privileges Of
citlzenshps viii the emancipated people trust TO
their former masters for the recognition OF their
newly acquired rightss 1t is incredible The
ruling classes Of the South remain IN
changed The industrial classes freemen slaves
Neither will recognize the assumed rights Of the other
Both will stand upon the defensive venture the pre-
dicton that until this result accomplished whether
not the government shall restore to them political power
the continuous faithful labor which the culture OF the
Southern States demands will be impossible The south
never regain the power it has lost except by a
ganization of ety. and to such
the just rights Of masters on the hand and
the other to the newly enfranchzed the full
sure OF their freedom and an influence upon public affairs
commensurate with the change in their condition. With
out this the condition Of the south inevitable anarchy
The withdrawal Of the troops VIII be the prelude To
social war; and the conflict the end certain destroy
us as well as them The problem be solved is |
momentous in its consequences than any Of the
war. 1t Is the method of speedy restoration the
ment This great question cannot be too carefully con
sdered II challenges the especial attention Of the solid
men of the country; men who, by industry and genius
have accumulated fortunes The dcst MOS of the
fell upon younger men, disconnected with financial
interests Whatever change in affairs, |
they can carve out their fortunes; but the |
issues involved in the restoration Of the govern
ment affect directly and primarily the financial in
tegrity Of the government the foundations Of pub
lie and private property. The sold Of the country
are summoned for this campaign Let them tho
cali What disposition shall be made of the nsurgent
States2 II is, perhaps better TO pray than advise
but cannot forbcar to express my convictions
upon this question. The peace Of the country
Ten or fifteen naurgcnt discontinued States outside
the Union with eight to twelve millions of people, can
not fail to disturb the country Our system of govern
ment makes no provision for numerous, popuous and
aiuent military provinces and they exist for any
length OF time without peril 70 the government and the
people There are in my judgment, no greater perils
than those involved in the permanent or prolonged
clrson Of these States. In what manner, then,
mission to the nsurgent States except it be upon |
condition Of granting the right Of Suffrage |
to in this connection 1t has It's place and
shall be duly considered; but il is vital question
II may answered in the affirmative and its conditions
fulfilled without securing the great object il has in view
the elevation Of the and the security OF govern
ment The truly decisive and vital questions in this
great controversy are first: How will tho Immediate adj
mission OF these States affect the govcrnmcnts |
Second what guarantees do the insurgeni States |
proposition tho restoration OF the slave States will give
70 the South in the House Of Rcpr sentaves eight
votes. This IS upon the three fths basis When the
app0rtoDment Is changed, which may DO done by |
statute at any session ether with without giving the
r,snt OF negro suffrage tney VIII have one hundred
that basis, or sixty four from the North will give them
majority IN tho House and control in the Senate.
The opposition strength Of the House LESS than il has
scarcely possible that with the admission Of |
sans in IL North would IA. ' % csr ,ne in ps any
election sufficient number Of Representative, dis
and Senate. Admitted the Uuion these States viii
act unit. Tho burden imposed upon them ny tho |
national debt. ther own debt incurred III The prosecution
Of thc war, their claim FOR saves- emancipation
publicly urged. ana their recamatlons for losses
Of property during the war, make ag9re.
gate or taxes 10 b. avoided and OF ci,ims
TO BE- 2rcps!d of from four TO six million
dollars, and cannot fail 10 bind together all
probable that a renewal of hos.ies will occur.
i,u, they will assa where weak and il au-
them 70 say no on The poiss Of taxing The so",h for
tue national debt, AMI reputation viii follow,
which will entail evils upon the country which
no intellect can measure. Tine emancipated PEG
ple demand protectioa--ths industries
called into being by tbe demand our
protecting care and above all merchants who pre-
fcrred that their vessels should 10 swept from the
rather than sail upicr another an The least that such
men clam is that our government shan demand re-
paraton for tile spoons upon our commerce by pirates
equipped by nations profess ng peace with ~. But can
we commit our claims our in,ress and their prosea
ships protected IN their bcccanccsLag expeditions,
and who ylori d aud still glory In the lntigntes cast
rccoluszs them n broticrs--as Americans.
know that we mg5t live together shead rejoice to
them In full prosperity again. dD not cia'nor for
their puuishnents would not give fsgon OF Long
wort's Caawba for all the bloDd thai course the
But deny and all proper and possible forms Of
denial and resistance their oam. ans claim In hcr
behalf TO unres,rcted political power, % 10
trol the destnies or this gov rcni agiin, dcccncy,
gnty and Justice against the safely thc country and
the liberties Of the people 1t Is my ccnyctoa, con
yiciion cannot siius, that the rcstorntou such
Snen power viii end. not In tho dcstrustion OF |
ths country..or that cannot be dcs.rvyci--but In
violent chlnge OF the form Of governments aud tho
overthrow or dental oi the rights OF the people Look
oil the guarantees proposed. Idisrst paper guarantees,
such q drafting constut ons platform, msSing con
% allegiance. want practical guarani 'e--one that
teaches and REFORMS the very constitution Of civil
1t not difficult TO Obtain this. results
from the simple practical Just measures witch which the
South will be brier satisfied than with its present policy
which Is faiL Az tor the admission Of STATES
man claim adn.ss on esr all the states a Unit
government certainly has right 70 indicate what States
10 will receive FIRST Nature has pointed Qua hcss States,
and their political status. harnOnze3 with |
nasare. They are the Ohio anj Missls-
sppi rivers Threc--Marvland. Kentucky and Ms |
souri-haye men withheld nom the rsbes or
reclaimed the Union TIA ee others, rennesses Arkan
and Louisiana, have governments partially formed
by the people Upon this doc fow tho currents Of
mevrc travel and emigration. Two.thxds Oh the rail
ways OF the country in this belt OF country. and
open inland Navigation Of more than % 900 mtcs
II IL the heart Of the coi1inen These the border
States thai have catrolleithe goycrnncnt from
its foundaten They haze 5,D0a,090 people. Allied TO
she North they render lts powss permanent Detached
from the Aath they deprive the Guif states ot power 10
disturb the country whether Qua OF the Union In
all these States Ill elements OF strong Union par
ties The administration should acquiescc, aud give to
the loyal peope In the States, whether they be Few
many, 10 protection, influence and power They
would thus become once rOALlble Union
States, SUSTAINING the policy OF the government
in harmony with the opinions OF tis people on all sub
jects The remaining rcbo Staiss could remain in i