New-York daily tribune., 1865-12-21

niZlbe by military authority, ana hot uken cVghzmev
by the other tribunals civil military Of the United
States"
mems cases 20 provost and freedinens courts.
Tho provost courts established generally by the De-
partment Commander and passed through him lor
revision In the great majority OF Instances that nave
come my knowledge, these courts nave decided larry,
but there are exceptions where officers composing
them having the infections prejudice against the negro,
have Disseminated very much against his interest, ana
moted out to those who abused him either by extorcn m
violence punshments in no way commensurate win Tue
offences -,
The freedmcn's court. have been constituted wholly or
PARTIALLY of officers of the Bureau II was imposslbe 10
multiply such courts account OF the scarcity oil oces
therefore resorted to the practice OF assochtng cyaus
with tbese officers for the settlement OF minor cases and
with limited powers TO punishment IN no case eacsea
ing ono hundred dollars fine, thirty days Imprisonment
I'm Alabama the offer was extended by the Assstint
or 10 the royi-ioua Governor to make oi the
civil courts Of his appointment reedmens courts, PROVIDED
the Judges would accept such recognition Nearly al IN
the State did Ispproyed o this action believing 70 o.
necessary test the civil judges as 10 ter disposition "
do iustcc 10 the freedmen Tie agents OF the Bureau were
reanired to act far 0sbc as the advocates oi 'e
freedmen in these courts and the right TO withdraw recog
milton was in the hands OF the Assistant Commissioner
Favorable reports have from nearly every quarter
Of this state yet grave ab ses have been complained o
from the courts the northern sections bordering upon
Tennessee and Georgia
suits and testimony in Alabama. similar course was
pursued in Mississippi but with partial success In ousi-
and testimony were alfer'! allowed under 'ne
state Government and the CiV courts have been trcd ~
some extent in that state Recently civil magistrates have
received recognition by the Assistant Commissioner IN
Georgia with similar directions ard restrictions 10 those IN
Alabama In south Carolina the Military Division Com
mander General Meade took the mater out Of my hands
making an arrangement with the Provisional Governor
that feedmens cases should be brought before provost
courts In the other states action has been much the same
as in Alabama and Mississippi excepting in Virginia where
the State officials could not under their State Constitution
serve as L officers ivolid call your special attention
10 these courts the several nsunectonary states called
into existence by the pressure Of necessity and easily trans
lcabe 10 State trbuDa as soon as the STATES shall have
NET tbe requirements the General Government and be-
come prepared to administer equal Justice II would seem
best however 10 hlye some provision OF law extending
limited States jurisdiction tO the freedmen, while they
main wards Of the Government Freedmen United states
Courts exist io term Of years would be very effect
i've irstrumel relieve these people from the injustice
incident TO a brced emancipation mean on the part Of
those who have fought against emancipation and are too
eu of prcjudiccs aud ignorance 10 believe m freedom
have iutercrei tte possible with subjects Ike
marriage pupers apprenticeship Il orphan minors, etc
vet have directed The Assistant Commissioners N extend
the laws made for the whites as far as practicable 10
The freedmen In fact u the easiest and best way posi-
HE 10 solve every troublesome problem proposed rsi ng
to negroes by the time honored rules established by wise
ogis alton or other people Marriages have ben carefully
registered in every state AMI quHe large number OF
orphans have been appren,ced ~ different parts oi ,he
tntei states polpe OF good character, and under
hunlnc liberal regulations should the care {" MI the
pagrers of freedmen DE thrown upon Tho Gcnera "oN'ih
ent II Will be necessary to use o the public lands Tor
relief farms and u rent or purchase farms ihc counties OF
districts inhabited by thc free men tVcrtnsNy thc ioru
men themselves viii be able 10 sustain This eNlse but not
now Without doubt the property q! the disiC county
OF town should by some means be nide q deifaY ~
urge attention this subject especially "a there DANCE
tt during the coming wiutrr large number ~ dependents
od men women aud children may be- tn 10y former mast
crs " for themsevcs and uncss allowed 10 suhcf be-
come tax o. the General Government.
Permit me now b. give brief synopsis of ihe work q
each Assistant Commissioner referring 10 his reports
f1r more extended riormri On.
DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA.
District o. Columbia including A"Nudria lairiit ano
Io1ion coun,cs. In vrna, and also general supervisor
OF freedmen afiirs Ia Mafyinnd)
A. soon as the Bureau orrlnz zei called 70 washing
ton Colonel John katn. Jr.. from ue Mississippi valley
weic he had been acting fr two Or three ycAf as Srh
tendcnt 81 frcedui ani where he so4uircl he fu coma
dcncr q he War department. anl ghye nm chfgr "i th
frc. above described ~ has atlcI nr iniicrtNy, a1
y his practcal views upon matters cutnfci'i With th'
general ncI. Several beu'yci'ut a-f i4i"ls iucndng
ue Washington branch, svr Afforded hin substantial Ad
particularly ~ the matter of -choos
genera sy,iUu lpf tr s,i-, has hcfu nl'hlh. hh u
working uccessll undtT the suprrTso 81 r-fineni
et Aypnted by tho ofSau At ie cri - % ioDsr iofy
one eaahers There total ai,suiAhoe Of ass. prh
day average Attendance = soventy hye cent fV'
Industrial schools arr ai-o in operation Ir hahD-' Z" -"
pie thus employed "a not reported.
There are hosptas Warrington and Aletanfrh 'nd Al
Frecdmens Village. where al iaiirn's asui"iy d'stinie
arr treated. Ogt door 'yseaus attend tbp Al" can %
partially circd for az theiF home
Five Intelligence onces operation where employed
freedmen furnished situations great Hunb'r have
thus found cnpoymcnt
MANY complaints have b,cn received of abuses oommet
May land The apprenticeship Laws g! that state al"
many harsh proc"cings "a iie Law Co.'s not hAmf color
testimony All that could be has been done N these ocs
Tte toyernrn. ut farms n Mari land have tern succ ~
managed Thirteen hundred acres have been cultivated
Wheat corn. and tobacco comprise tn principal crops
Ia.S attention to Rfcvc Bralier General Elions report
as fu of suggestion aud Interest The attention Gov
cruor bradford ayd By letter % thr frequent com
p.ins and appeas demanding action ami The desire eX
be 40 conflict but that AID might De afforded Ia maina.a
justice aud solving the peculiar Questions arising IN ih
| transition slate
Captain Orlando Brown, A. Y NJ. formerly surgeon u
the volunteer army under detail from iooa Command
ere sgpcrintondng Frecdmens Affairs IN Southeastern
virginia He was rcpued a man Of high character anC
practical ability Though stranger, Ia was so highlj
recommended ha, gave him the nomination for Assis
Commissioner Of Virginia he "as appointed and suose
quenty promoted 10y your consent To The ,ooney of In
Twenty fourth coDred regiment HIS field has beon exceed
ngly difficult, owing particularly, 10 the great imoNefsh
ment Of the from the war the breaking up OF over,
system Of labor and the peculiarly strong depression OF th
peope at disclose No officer could have exccci hifn
action energy and the fidelity with which he has per
formed the oncrous duties devolyed upon him He separ
atcd his state into districts and s5dsricts, conforming
as nearly possible 70 the divisions Of the Department
| Commander ana procured details mostly ffom him.
The Department Commander the Governor and the As
gsant Commlss lOger, have worked very cordially tOgc
The agpregae dependents receiving rations In Virgins
al the end OF last month, was lI,o22 More tian hii
these dependents are in the nrs and second districts IN
cudng Norfolk, Princes Ann, and Prince George counties
ln these counties there were necessarily large aocumu
atons Of freedmen during the Every c0Tt has bcei
made by the Assistant Commissioner u reduce these col
lecons and the great majority hlyo hal entire par
ta SUPPORT the fruit ol their labor during the sum
mcr.
Soldiers wives and families were lcft behind, when th'
tro ps Transported from City Point toTexas A. many
Of thea, as willing TO 20, sent 20 Texas at th
public expense. colony Of upwards II hundred signify
ing It's wish 10 go 10 Liberia, through COofed Agent Wa
transported from lynchburg 10 Baltimore where the cOoni
zat,On society took the complete charge.
The last report gives ~ heedmcns schools l95 teachers
IL 500 scholars. refer TO Colonel Browns summary iOi