, 1865-03-15

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screwed into each other, is inserted IN the
tube, and the other end Of the rod attached
to the walking BEAM" The we'll IL now
ready for pumping. ...-
One important feature in the tubing process
mist not be forgotten. In boring f'f oil,
springs OF water arc Of course cnt through,
md the Wakr falls into the hole. Being heaVi.
er thnn the oil It lies at The bottom, aad
would enter the pump tube but fnr very iu-
Etnicus con'riyaBce known as the 6eed-pat,,.
Ibis Is leather bug, IN ahape something :lSt
boot leg, flied with fax seed, which Is ias.-
ened around The iron tube at what is cons'd~7
cred the proper point, and crowded down with
it. When the d.bag becomes wet tt swells,
ard thus forms q wateF-tishs packing between
bag slips Or bursts, the well at once fills with
water, md the tubing has to be pulled in or
der to reax the seeding. r.
GAS.
More or less gas accompanies the oil in its
passage to the surface. Il Il flowing well, the
gns is allowed to escape, there beng no use
1or it, and 1t can be distinctly seen putting out
Of the pipe, generally with lsbo1ed bteath'nss
or panli1g, the cause o. which is known
among the operators as the "brcathing of the
tartlt,'" in reality being the irregular obstruc-
t1ons to its passage by the unequal flow Of
oil in the bottom Of the hole. fhe. passage
Of the Oh from large flowing well Is curl
GUS and interesting sight.
In many of the pumping wells the gas Is
saved and nsed, either by itself OF with coal,
Us fuel for the engine. 70 save 1t, The ming
led gus, oil md Water,-for In spite Of all pre-
cautions somo water will come up from near
~ every pumping we1i-is conducted By q
pipe from the we'll tube into tight barrel.
The oil and water fall into the bottom Of the
HI . fflo hat
into huge tank or mt, where another sepa-
ration is CAUSED by the different gtavities Of
the two fluids, the water sinking to the bot
tom Of the yat. The gus escapes by O small
pipe at the top Of the barrel, and Is con-
lnctcd into the furnace, where it burns with
Forest City well, US also many other wells, Is
run entirely by gas, the jet being spread into
bread and waTing fame by passing through
piece Of sheet istn pierced with ho1.s. It's
s,cadiDess is shown by the fact that the en-
gine house Is lii with several jets Of gas. Of
a stcadicr and purcr tame than that furnished
by some Gus companies.
The oil, SIS 1t flows into the tank, is dark
green flnid. When sold for shipment 1t is
drawn off By faucet in the bottom into bar
yels. In the larger wells. where consider
able quantity Of oil Is kept On hand before
sale, ranges OF rats are built, the oil flowing
ffom nc to the other. The va:s are covered
Io prevent evaporation. At the gassy wells
great care has 10 be taken With regard to Ere,
III u lighted cigar might set 1re to the gas
and blow up the whole concern. In the early
days Of the flowing wells, beftrc their nature
wes thoroughly KNOWN. serious cona,gra-
lions t0tk place from this cause. Should a
well take fire, water not only iafls 10 cxtin-
Enish It, but seems to add to the fury Of the
lame.
4 new process Of boring Is On trial at the
Gillette Company's wells, Gu. the McElhiaey
tract, under the management Of Mr.. ]. +.
Briggs. The process il OF French invention,
and The patcntee personally superIntcnds its
working This Is the first time IT las ever
been. tested, and the progress Of the expert
ment Is watched with great interest by we'll
owners: TIE principle is that Of emitting out
8 hole instead Of pounding it. The drIll Is
chcplar and holloF, being j thin tube, Sc: at
Ills lower edge with Brazi!ian diamonds. OF
hardacss sufficient to cut glass. 1t is con-
nectca by On IRON rod to beVeled cog wheels
attached By cranks and rods to the walking
beam Of the tngfnc. The surface OF the up
per rock being cleared, the drill sits on it and
down at rate astonishing to old well horers,
and leaving n GENITAL core standing. A clamp
is let down Which grips the core and jerks it
up in the form of perfectly emooth cy1tn-
der. Wster is poured down the b yle to assist
the emitting process, unit! the natural 1ow
portions oi tie core SHOWN exhibited the
strntifcation Of the rock, and will 20 far to
settle Ecme veIed questions about the strnta
which cannot be aseertained by the ordinary
method Of drilling.
Five feet Of rock had been cut ut the .ate
Of four inches in tive minutes, or nlnety-six
feet per day, when some changes were requIr-
cd in The machine, and 1t was removed for al-
te1ation. The patcntee Is satisfied that he
can put down we'll fire hundred feet in ten
days, at no greater cost to the well owner
than by tic present tedious process, which
takes from two to four months. ..
1t sometimes happens that atter well has
been yielding Tor months 1t stops and refuses
to yield another drop. This Is occasloned in
fome instances by tho thicken1ng Of the par
efIlne at the bottom of the hole, and the CON
seQuent obstruction to the flow Of the oil
steam from the engine is introduced aud
forced down the hole, melting the coagu!ated
| mas, mud restoring the flow into the pump.
| Another plan, which ts coming into use, and
| which has 80 far proved successful at the En-
Pie, Is to use an air pump, With tMo pipes
forced down one pipe into the yein ut the
bottom; and the oil rushes up In q
| steady slream through the other. Both
these processes are as yet but experiments,
although the ais pump has been 80 far sue
ceseful and has proved much superior to the
|
! abundant and steady yield.
| The cost Of sinking well, including pur-
chase Of engine, tools, and every necessary,
ranges from six to niue thousand dollars, nc
| cordlng to location, depth Of we'll, size Of en-
| gine, etc. The second well can be sunk at
engine and tools.
THE PENNSYLVANIA on. REG1oS--TnE pRINC1.
| TAI OIL LOCALITIES AND How TO REACH
| TEEN.
| Pennsylvania Is the greatest oil producing
State In America or the world, and Venango
| county Is the principal oil region Of Prnnsyl.
yania. Some developments Of oil have been
made In Crawford, Clarion, and Farette coun-
tics, INT 10 tar, Vepango county has been the
chosen seat OF empire Of King Petroleum. Il
Ia line be drawn nearly through the centre oi
tending little west, 1t will pass along Oh
Creek, the central and most productive
portion Of the oil territory. From Frak-
1fn, a few. miles below where OH Creek
joins tue river, the Allegheny to the east,
and French Creek to the west, form hure
and joining the right arm Of the Y just
above the point of Junction. Below this point
| the Allie ghany stretches. converting the T
into T.. The centre, or Oh Greek line, Is
that Of the greatest yield nt present, The
others not having been 50 extensively worked:
|
Greek, and Ior some time explorations Wero
confined to that line. The success there met
| with induced others to examine into the OIL
| producing qualities Of the adjoining streams,
and q number OF holes were sunk on the
banks Of the Allegheny river, French Creek,
Sugar Greek, ian aliiuent Of the French, } aud
BoIne Of the runs" or small streams, trlbu-
tary to the several creeks.
Beginning at the point where the Allegha
| ny crOssts the VenangO county line, q short
| distance below Tideoute, (the highest point
| Of oil operations on the tiyeT) the oil line
| stretches along the banks Of fhe Allegheny,
| in its sluuous coarse, for about sixty miles,
| during no part Of which distance would voy-
| ager be out Of sight Of the derrick Of an oil
well past, present, or prospective. After en-
| pul streams dischatgins into the Allegheny
On its way south, nrc tile Elst Hickory ard
| Little Hickory on tho east West Hickory on
| the west Iionesta and Little Tionest3,
| Ht1n}oek Creek With its branch known IS
! Porcupinc Run, on the east; Culbe1tson's g
Run and Pithole Creek on The west; Horse
| Creek on the east'; OIL Creek, Two Mile Run
and French Greek on the west; East Sandy
on the cast; Big Sandy, Big Scrub Grass and
| Little Scrub GTuss on the west. Besides
| these there are numerous smaller streams
that have not yet attained notice for their oil
bearing qualities. AL the streams mention
cd have btcome oil locations, and On each oi
them tho work Of pumping or boring Is going
on with great nctiyity.
From The mouth Of Oil Creek to Yitusville
| Just across the Crawford county line, is dis:
lance OF twenty miles, along tue whole Of
| which the wells are thickly planted. As
| cending the stream, Co1nplauter Run heads
! off towards the northwest. Cherry Run tn fttf