The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1865-10-26

Is that Of the revolt Of the South American republics
the third that Of tie which from 1851 10 1905
desnlatod the United States OF North Amer ca.
In The first case the court Of France sought only 70
inlurc Great Britain.
In this spirit in 1875, before the Declaration OF nde
pendece, The French government put itself In eonnec
ton WITH Arthur Lee throrgh taron dc Beanmarehas
and with Benjamin Franklin through Dubonrgh offering
tothe United States the supplies they needed When
however, the news OF Burcoyne's surrender reached
francs the French government took more dec dcd
course In February, l7IS they signed two treaties
one OF commerce and one OF allancewith the United
States OF America. Nor the motives OF these
acts on the part of Louis XVI by any concealed
NJ Gerard was ordered To declare on tho Kings part
10 Arthur Lee and Silas Deane the Commissioners OF
me United States, that his Majesty liked in his
determination not only to acknowledge but support
our independence by every in his power that IN
dong this he might probably be engaged in war;
with all the expenses risks and damages usually attend
ing it, yet he shoud not expect any compensation from
us on that account, pretend that he acted wholly
for orr sakes, since besides his real good will II
manlfesy the interest Of France that the power Of
insiand should be diminished by separation from
am only showing that France the American took
part hostile to Great Britain in order promote her
own interests. aH
In the same spirit in order promote the interests OF
France and inure those Of Great Britain the government
OF Louis Xv two years after the declaration OF indie
pendence made an alliance offensive and defensive with
the United States.
Such conduct, however may be excused or adj
mred IN Europe or in America, could not form prece
dent for Great Britain In the late civil Her Maestys
government had rish 70 faror the separation Of the
southern Sde Nth viesc inquire the pssoer check
Che progress of he Unied Sate II has been the wish of
her Maestys government who had received no injury
from either the Northern the Southern States and
was living in amty with both when hostilities OF the
most violont character commenced between them, to
preserve an honest and impartial neutrality.
The next case 10 which have looked has been the
nsurrecton OF the south American republics against
Spain and OF the empire Of Brazil against Portugal
This nsurrecon began slowly and partially at Buenos
Ayres on the 14th Of May, 1870 by the formation OF
una and the deposition of the viceroy the government,
however, being carried on in the name Of the King OF
Spain until January 1873 when provisional govern
ment was established On the 9th OF July, 1915, the
provinces OF the Rio In Plata issued declaration OF
independence and on the Goth OF April 1879 consttu-
tuition was published by the congress.
In 1911 the insurrecton commenced in Paraguay the
Spanish Governor was deposed and government estab-
lshed under the direction Of Dr. Francia On the 18th
of October 1913, constitution proclaimed.
In 1871 civil war commenced in Chile, but the declara
ton OF independence not issued until the 18th OF
February, 1918, and the war continued until 1890
The revolution in Peru commenced in 1927, declara
ton OF independence being issued the 18th OF July,
1921 and the war continuing until 1924.
On the 18th Of September 1871, Guatemala declared
her Independence which, however was not finally estab-
lished until the 1st of July, 1923.
The revolution in Colombia Including Venezuela Ecu
ador and New Granada commenced April 49, 1870 at
Caracas On the 9Th Of July 1871 the Congress declared
Colombia an independent State but the war with Spain
continued until November, 1898. n-
In 1915 the President OF the United States allowed bel
claimed strict neutrality This proclamation was re-
cognized by the Supreme Court and other tribunals of
the united states as the guide Tor their decisions.
II is here that her Maesy's government have looked
FOR precedents Tho United States had been from 1898
to 1875 with the exception OF two years neutras amid
the great wars OF Europe Their wisest statesmen and
their most learned judges had studied the law OF nations
profoundly with view TO extract from that law the
rules for their conduct and the elements OF their
judgment on the conduct OF others
In 1894 the United States government hal admitted
the principle that II after prohibiting the equipment and
armament OF cruisers in American ports they abstaned
from using the in their power 10 restore prizes
captured and brought United States ports by cruisers
ton OF the prohibition they bound to give compen
sa0n for such prizes but they appear TO have limited
their admission OF liability to that particular class Of
When therefore the continent upon which they have
erected a free and powerful state was convused with
civil war; the President Secretaries of State chief JUS
tees and other judges of the United States, doubtless
considered maturey the course they were bound to
pussue
THE PORTUGUESE PRECEDENT.
You seem TO have supposed that my meaning In refe
renee TO Portugal that the United States in that
had been wrong In the present instance the United states
could not reproach us But no such argument entered
INTO my conception NV argument was this
Portugal, during the OF South American ndepen-
dence, complained Of captures by American vessels Of
built in the United States. which had not been de
tanned and seized and condemned IN the ports az the
United States.
The answer Of Mr.. Adams to these complaints was,
conceived, valid and conclusive He said IN ehect:-
Had yo been able prosecute and convict in the United
Sses our courts were open to you and every facility was
afforded YOU But cannot make the government Of the
over whom the United States exercise jurisdiction
Having repeated the very terms used by Mr.. Adams,
TO this just principle, which again referred
Mr. Secretary Clayton and maintained against the govern
states must be held s,ill 70 adhere
In fact there no motive bias their judgment
this bloody controversy Spain and Portugal weakened
by bad government and exhausted By recent struggles
for existence, could inspire no apprehension and offer
p ns wssen % ns asa
States government therefore, einently deserving Of
our study, and, may add, Of our respect
But m you have commented at some length on the
treatment Of Portugal by the United States during the
OF South American independence, will enter more
fully than had before done into that question.
The correspondence to which refer began in Deem
ber 1915, and closed with letter Of the Portuguese
Minister In November, 1850. II cannot be pretended
thirtyfour years did not receive the gravest ae
ton OF the American government
complains that Mr. Taylor OF Baltimore an American
citizen, had directed Captain Fish, Of the Romp an
American ship TO cruise privaieer under the lnsur
gent coors Of Buenos Ayres against the subjects Of Por
tugaL He adds
The 18th Of last month tNovember) the lrEde clifton.
Ss percy q .S une Seo a
for Busnos Ayres Tbis ship anchored below tbs. port
sr he &%srssa .sp laSsSsaasass ssah
eaama and and Sr 1s Ss.rs
which were fitting with great activity and which bad not et
and western Of South America under the insugest
Ssr yg Il. % s Sa.. =, rb
and that they viii hoscly against Portuguese ships
The Portuguese envoy Joseph correa de Sierra prays
for amendment Of the law Of the United States, with
view to render IL more efficient in such cases. A law
having been passed Congress for this purpose the Por
uguese envoy in Nay 1917 requests that the President
will desire the United States officers the outposs To
use greater vigilance
In March, 1915, he complains that three Portuguese
ships have been captured by prysieers fitted IN the
United states manned by American crews and COM
mandcd by American captains though under insnrgent
coofs =
IN Octobcr OF Tho same wear the Portuguese envoy
complains that the Portuguese prize y lifting IN the Pa
tuxcnt 10 cruise against Portuguese commerce
In November Of the the Portuguese minister
states to Mr. Adams that obliged by his duty inquire
into the of the armed ships that had OF late in
suited the tag Of his sovereign and committed incalct
Liable dcpredatons the property o his subiecs he had
found 10 his sorrow, multiplied proofs that many of
them owned by citizens ~ the United states, and
bad been fitted ia the ports of the Mon He goes on 20
complain Of the dncllt the way Of prosecutions
but compliments the President his honorable ear
ncstncSs.n
sf4.a.a.