davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Columbia Democrat and Bloomsburg general advertiser. [volume] (Bloomsburg, Pa.) 1850-1866, 1865-09-09

not always accomplish the psrpose the
esopIe desire, because the issue is not
forced directly upon the rcpre,cntative.-
IN this demoralized state of the country,
capital has shown great esgerness to se-
cure for itself special privilege and special
advantages by legislation and many abuses
have grown up n your representative bod !
les. These must be cured the system Of
corrupting the representatives. Of the peo.
pie must be thoroughly cradictated or
there will be an end to representative
Government. When you are called upon
TO select candidate, be sure 10 give the
nomination to one who is pure in that re-
spect be sure that he is a man who acts
from his convictions and agrees to the
great doctrine that the representative is
bound by the will Of his constituents
This doctrine ou must inculcate if you
would preserve your government and as
sure as you begin the reform you can
accomplish it. l wish this issue to be
made everywhere. do not know nor do
believe that you in this county have ev-
er been betrayed in the way l am allu>
ing to but know that our people have
tSpootouiy pSous huOW tndt btUC6 tuo
advent OF Republicanism, Republican
scamps that have gone to the Legisla
ture have sold their votes Some of them
have stood in the corners Of the Capitol
with their hands open behind their backs,
ready TO take the price that might be Civ
en- them.
These are alarming abuses, and they
call for remedy. The people must be
impressed with the idea that when they
send representatives to make law for them
they do not part with their power Of Gov
ernment. The theory Of the Government
is that IL is more convenient for you to send
one of your number to the legislative body
than to 60 yourselves en- maSSe, and when
your representative is there he is bound
t6 do what you would do if you were all
there assembled. So, inform yourselves
upon every issue and send honest men to
represent you and exact of them that they
shall do what you wish done in the prem :
ises-thAt they shall obey your will and
not the law Of their own selfish interests
and passions.
Columbia Democrat and Bloomsburg general advertiser. [volume] (Bloomsburg, Pa.) 1850-1866, 1865-09-09

iOiO nhJOTlly.
At this election the soldier vote of Col.
umbia county, taken abroad and sent
home was, for Mcclellan 1872, for Lincoln
1884,.
You will remember that in 1856 the op
position to our party was divided it was
broken into two interests the Fremont and
Fillmore interests the result OF which
division in their ranks while ours were uni
ted, was,the magnificent majority of 1871.
That was the case in 1856 when the op-
position was disorgauized by internal di.
visions but in 1860 the case was dis.
astrously reversed. In that year we were
divided. We held National Convention
at Charleston, which did not conclude the
performance Of the duties to which it had
been assigned. An adjourned Convention
was then held in Baltimore, md the ses.
sions of that body resulted in split and
IN the nomination Of two Candidates. In
this State we had what was called fusion
ticket, majority Of those supporting
which were Breckenridge men, but por
ton Douglas men; and there was also
what was called "straight" Douglas
ticket. ln that year, in consequence OF
this division among ourselves, the result
was that our majorlies dropped down, at
the Governors election to 973, and at the
Presidential election to 633.
Now let me call your attention here to
what explains these votes. In 1856, four
years before, the total Presidentia vote
was, 6467, and in 1860 it was 64s3 ;
that is, instead of there being an increased
vote at the end Of that period of four
years, the vote remained about the same.
The inevitable conclusion is that there was
large number of votes unpolled in this
County, and, Of course, as ours was the
disorganized party, they were Democratic
votes. Three years afterwards, at the
Governors election in ls63-and you
will observe that the votes at The Govern.
or's elections are usually much lighter
than at Pres't. elections-the total vote
polled was 7702, showing conelusiyely
that at the Pres. election of ls60in these
counties alone, there must have been over
1000 votes unpolled in consequence OF
our divisions and of the hopelessness of
OF the contest after we had lost the Gov
ernor's election in October; The vote of
last year, when there was a fair issue be.
tween our party and the oppo4ing one,
showed majority iu the old County Of
Columbia Democrat and Bloomsburg general advertiser. [volume] (Bloomsburg, Pa.) 1850-1866, 1865-09-09
MARRIAGES.

On the 20ih Of April, 1865 by the Rev.
J W, Lescbcr, Mr. Henry Stetlcr, Of
Mon!our CO. Pa and Mrs Cath, l.. Apple
nan of Col, co, Pa.
On the 81 Of Sept 1865, by tie saa!
ct the Exchange Hotel B oom>Lura, Mr.
Franklin Wolf, oI Fishing Greek and Miss
Crlista Hes, ,laughter OF } os. Hess, Benton
Col, co Pa.
On the 7'h of Sept 1865, by the sama,
at the Forks Hotel, B!oomsbur Mr.. &.
kelcbncr, OF Orangcylle and Miss, Maggie
Cadden, OF Centre Col co Pa.
On the ID of Sept. 1865, ,atthe Exchange
Hotel Bloomsbnrg,bY the same. .Mr James
+ Stoker and Miss Sophia G. Hutchinson,
all OF Fishing Creek, Col. co, Pa.
On the 3lst of Augu,t, 1865, by the
same, MIR, Jacob FonPlah and NJ is. Cath.
arine Ploch all of Montour Co. Pa.
August 3O'b, 1865, by Geo. p Lore,
Esq Mr.. GEORGE ROBBINS, of Jordon
Township, to Miss DELiLAH JANE MoN-
RIs, of franklin ship, all OF Lycom.
ing county, Pa.
Columbia Democrat and Bloomsburg general advertiser. [volume] (Bloomsburg, Pa.) 1850-1866, 1865-09-09

onet h cannon, the cartridge.box and plenty
Of money from Uncle Sans Treasury
(got originally by taxes, hoyever). All
these instruments of power. were here and
to be used on the eve of an election when
the question was whether "Old Abe"
should be retained in authority and the
actors in the foul scene continued in Office.
They exulted that was their day of tri-
umph 81 they did their will !! Our boys we're
of in the army fighting for the Union call
ed there by their appeals, called there by
mon who told them there was no party in
this war, that party was 10 be buried,
that it was not to be thought of--no not so
much as breathed about, 10 all this broad
land. They got them off into the army
they were sent to be slaughtered at Chan
cellorsville to be sacrificed in the Psnin-
sula; to fall before the heights Of Fred
cricksburg; TO bathe many battle field
with their blood and then these Infamous
wretchos, ip the hour of their pride and
nsolent power, came to Eeize the parents,
/ and brothers and relations and friends Of
those heroes and incarcerated them in
loathsome prisons until the priso damp
seized upon them and some came back IN
cofins and some came racked by disease
and emaciated, to homes from which
=, they had been torn by ruthless power
l say that was the day of triumph fol
these men of evil but that day has passed
The people are now to sit in judgment up
on this whole business and do not doubt
what their judgment will be. Look al
Northampton Look at old Berks Glib
ralters of Jeffersonan Democracy from
1900 to this day! Did the raids Of Johr
Adams and his federal myrmidons pay il
the long run 7 No They made the wors
political invest tment ever known in the
history Of this country They reaped only
disgrace and injury from their proceed
iugs, just as the Republicans will reap dis
grace aud lasting inquiry from their wick
ed raid upon this county in 1864
Yes, gentlemen: that day of triumph
and of exultation has passed and you, The
fresmen Of this country, are now in a stu
alton to resume the sceptre Of authority
for yourselves and through the ballot-box
BY means of those little pieces of paper
which you are yet permitted to use as in
strumentalitics of your will ,ycu can rectify
all wrongs and what is more, obtain secu
rity for the future You can conlribut,
preserve our system ol government ,aut
to preserve your own territory from raids
and yourselves from persecution in the fu
ture. And it is circumstance of gratif-
cation Go be thought of at the end Of ou
indignant retrospect) that these politica
persons who have so misbehaved them
selves, who have so maltreated our people
who have so openly exhibited their tru
nature ard character as political organ
ization, will receive the reward of thei
evil deeds in their uupopularsy and in be
ing, for the next half century at least, bea
ten as never party was beaten before i
the county of Columbia.
Columbia Democrat and Bloomsburg general advertiser. [volume] (Bloomsburg, Pa.) 1850-1866, 1865-09-09
DEATHS.

Deaths reported for the COlum6iu Den.
ocrat, by WM. B. PErERMAN, Esq, Of
Sugar!oaf twp, Columbia county Pa.
In Sugarloa( township of Dysentary, or
the 29th Of July, MATTHIAS W. Hess, son
OF Gilbert aud Mary Hess, aged years.
In Sugarloaf township, of Dyscntary,
on the 10th Of August, AMELIA. daught.r
Of Elijah and Elizabeth pctorman, aged
. years and 8 months.
In Sugarloaftownship, of Dysentary,
on the 18th, of August, MARTHA An,
daughter of Elijah and Elizabeth Peter.
man, aged 5 years.
In Sugarloa( township, of Dysontary on
the Goth, of Aug. Mrs, MARY Hess, widow
OF Fred k Hess, aged sc years.
In Sugarloaf township, Of Dysentary,
on the 2sth of August, Thomas SEvMour,
son of Elij7h and Elizabeth Petcrnan,
aged year and 8 months.
In Jaysbury, Lycomiug county, about
the middle of August, JESSE NEwc oMER,
aged about 20 years, and at ,hc sam,
place, on the lst of Sept, 1865, EMMA j.
NEWCOMER, aged about 10 years, children
OF Jonas and Sophia Newcomer.
In Hemlock township, on tho 25th of
August, WILLIAM HuRBET, agod years,
son of John and Elizabeth Zeisoft.
On the evening Of the Gath ult., in Jcr.
sey Shore, after a short illness, JoHN
VERB, son of j. l.. and Rila Barkey,
aged A years, 3 months aud 81 days.
In Pine township, Columbia county, on
the 4th inst, Mrs, PRISCILLA POLK, con.
sort Of the late William Polk, aged about
65 years.
In Pine twp, on the morning of the 4th
INST, Mr. WILLIAM HAMILTON, aged so
odd years,
At the residence of his father, Thomas
A, Funston, Esq Oh tho 18th ult Al.
WILBUR +. FUYsToS, of consumption, in
the s6th year Of his age.
Columbia Democrat and Bloomsburg general advertiser. [volume] (Bloomsburg, Pa.) 1850-1866, 1865-09-09
Daguerrean Gallery.

Mr. GEO. G. BRANDAU, as will be seen
by his card in our columns, has opened
Photograph Skylight Picture Gallery
in Bloomsbury. Mr.. Brandau succeeds
Mr.. Gearhart, and is an experien ced ar
tizan, aud having learned his busnes un-
der the tutelage of that late excellent Pho
tographer, Mr.. ROsestock, we can safely
recommend him to public patronage. La
dies, give him call.
Columbia Democrat and Bloomsburg general advertiser. [volume] (Bloomsburg, Pa.) 1850-1866, 1865-09-09

SS- Capt, c. B. BRocKwAY, was on
Tuesday last, on motion of w. Writ ESD.
Admitted to the practice of Law in tho
Courts ofOolumbia county.
Capt, Brockway was a student
with E. II. Little, Esq. of Bloomsbury,
before he entered the military service, in
which he honored the American Flag. in
the various engagement of near four
years, as did all true Democrats and good
soldiers, after which he resumed his stud.
les and is now a practising Attorney
Capt b. is young man of excellent abil.
ities and we are glad to learn that be pass.
ed most credi!able examination. We
predict for him brilliant future with higher
and nobler honors.
Columbia Democrat and Bloomsburg general advertiser. [volume] (Bloomsburg, Pa.) 1850-1866, 1865-09-09
Important if True !

A little old fragment lying in the mil.
itary trials at Harrisburg, il again dshed
up by Pee Johl as very sweet porscl.
A "loysl liar" Said,that john Rantz sell,
that lawyer Freezc hal sutl, that ,thr
State OF Illinois had seeded from the
United States and tb, State Of New I York
was going TO AS the fools are rot OIL
dead yet, we recommend Zee Jo.n 10
"keep this before the people, 1t you'd
be u pity if we should forget that his
loyal witness vas a great fool as well
rs a liar,
Columbia Democrat and Bloomsburg general advertiser. [volume] (Bloomsburg, Pa.) 1850-1866, 1865-09-09

Bss' An Abolition paper says The dc.
gradation, misery and crime produced
throughout the land by inlemperauce arc
ten-fold greater than those over caused by
slavery" Is it possible, then asks an
exchange, that we have sacrificed mix.
lion of lives to cxtrpato an evil abroad
when we have one ten times greater than
it at home.
Columbia Democrat and Bloomsburg general advertiser. [volume] (Bloomsburg, Pa.) 1850-1866, 1865-09-09

Nt,o CigW Store -Messrs MATTHIAS
have opened a new Cigar, Snuff and To
bacco Store in the room under our Office
They keep and maks all kinds Of Cigars
for sale. Give them call.
Columbia Democrat and Bloomsburg general advertiser. [volume] (Bloomsburg, Pa.) 1850-1866, 1865-09-09

ssS- When the radicals carry an cleo.
ton in the South by violence, it is all
right; but when they are beaten, they
abrogate it and set it aside. Witness
Richmond. Their motto is,heads We win,
tails you lose.
Columbia Democrat and Bloomsburg general advertiser. [volume] (Bloomsburg, Pa.) 1850-1866, 1865-09-09
BLOOM SBURG
Saturday Morning, Sept 9, 1865.

DEMOCRACY, sentiment not to he appalled,, corrupt
ed or compromised 1t knows no baseness, it covers
to no danger, 1t oppresses 10 weakness Destructive
only ofdesposm it is the sole Of liberty
labor and property 1t is the sentiment Of freedom OF
9Iual rights, of equal obgatious-Ihe law of nature
pervadiag the law Of the iand-aLLEx.
Columbia Democrat and Bloomsburg general advertiser. [volume] (Bloomsburg, Pa.) 1850-1866, 1865-09-09

SST The Autumn winds blow over the
Oats stubble.
Columbia Democrat and Bloomsburg general advertiser. [volume] (Bloomsburg, Pa.) 1850-1866, 1865-09-09

We must find room hereafter for Mr.
Jeffcrson's great Letter upon the connoc.
ton of clcrgymcu with politics, read to the
meeting by Mr.. Barklcy on Thursday
evening. II is most instructive exposi-
tion.
Columbia Democrat and Bloomsburg general advertiser. [volume] (Bloomsburg, Pa.) 1850-1866, 1865-09-09

IIUO HHJ'
In 1850 Montour county was erected,
(from Columbia), and in giving results of
elections after that date it will be neces-
sary, for the purpose of comparison with
previous elections, TO include the vote of
that county.
Columbia Democrat and Bloomsburg general advertiser. [volume] (Bloomsburg, Pa.) 1850-1866, 1865-09-09

DEMOCRATIC NOMINATIONS.
FOR AUDITOR GENERAL;
w. w. Ill. DAVIS,
OF BUCKS COUNTY.
FOR SURVEYOR GENERAL:
MAJOR JOHN H. LINTON.
OF CAMBRIA COUNTY.
COUNTY NOMINATIONS.
FOR ASSEMBLY
Williamson III. Jacoby,
OF BLOOMSBURY.
FOR III ST. ATTORNEY
Milton M. Traugh,
OF BERWICK.
FOR TREASURER.
John J. Stiles,
OF BENTON.
FOR COMMISSIONER
John F. Fowler,
OF PINE TWP.
FOR SURVEYOR
Isaac A, Dewitt,
GREENWOOD TWP.
FOR AUDITOR
Leonard B. Rupert,
OF BLooMsBURG.
FOR CORONER
William J. Ikeler,
OF MT. PLEASANT.
Election, October, 10th, 1865.
Columbia Democrat and Bloomsburg general advertiser. [volume] (Bloomsburg, Pa.) 1850-1866, 1865-09-09

1871 majority.
The ESQ called) Fusion vote was made
up Of Fremont and Fillmore votes, 1870
Of the former and 2I6 Of the latter. There
were besides, Of Fillmore straight" votes,
s in Columbia and 10 Montour.
lS57-For Governor-whole vote, 5303.
PACKER WTIMOT
Columbia Democrat and Bloomsburg general advertiser. [volume] (Bloomsburg, Pa.) 1850-1866, 1865-09-09
IRWIN

IRWIN. N............... 1906
l407 maj.
lsas--For Governor-Whole vote, 5l37
LONGSTRBTH. H........ 1857
JOHNSTON ........... 1880
Columbia Democrat and Bloomsburg general advertiser. [volume] (Bloomsburg, Pa.) 1850-1866, 1865-09-09

IUUZ WaJoTIty'
This was the year of the Know.Noth-
ing Lodges.
lS56-For 2 resident-whole vote, 6467.
BJCHANAN. Fusion
Columbia Democrat and Bloomsburg general advertiser. [volume] (Bloomsburg, Pa.) 1850-1866, 1865-09-09

ITS majority,
There we're for Hazlehurst, 80 votes in
Columbia county and II in Montour.
lS6O-For Governor-whole vote, $685..
Columbia Democrat and Bloomsburg general advertiser. [volume] (Bloomsburg, Pa.) 1850-1866, 1865-04-08
CARD PHOTOGRAPHS.

Our Catalogue now embraces over free thousand dif.
f,rcnt subjects 10 which additions ARE continually
being maarj Of Portraits ui Eminent Americans, sc
viz about
100 Major Generals, $50 Statesmen,
20l Irig-Genrrals, 1870 Divines,
215 Colonies. I2J Auti urs,
100 Lieut. Colonrls. 40 Artists,
$50 Other Officers, l2J stage
75 Navy Officers, 80 Prominent Women.
ljO Promiut Foreign Portraits.
3,00O COPIES aF WORKS OF ART,
Eeludin. reproductions OF the celebrated En-
cravings, Paintings, Statues, &c. Catalogues on
receipt of Stamp. An order for One ID, zen Pitl
hom Catalogue will b, filled the rcG,it +
Sl.-O, and sent by mail, FREE
RI ctographcrs aud Others ordering goods e, D.
with please remit twenty i've pGi ccnL Of th3 nj
n i'll their order
f. & II. T.. AN rIIONY L ca
.Nangfdetg,e'S Of Plot graphic AIdt.y',''
jUl Br mdway New u. :.
% The prices and quality of our goods fail
osatisfy DcC3U4-uin.
Columbia Democrat and Bloomsburg general advertiser. [volume] (Bloomsburg, Pa.) 1850-1866, 1865-04-08

AN ITEM FOR THE WAR MINISTRY
Der Apologize, German Methodist pa
per, published at Cincinnati by Rev. VIM.
Mast, D. d., says that the Methods.
Church has lost, du:ing the last few years
S,rty one thousand members The fol-
lowing language follows:
"We are of the opinion that deeply =
rooted aud important cause of this de-
crease lies in the want of the Methodist
spirit, Of earnest, Jealous conservation TO
our work, Earthly interests, lying near
al hand, have, for the present, supplanted
the heavenly. Our hearts have been ex-
cusively turned to the endangered safety
of the nation. To This Obj.ct our energies,
onr press, or p~!pit--actively haze been
devoted X Now, the Government
stands sufficiently strong and secure to be
able /" dispense hencetorth with the di.
rect offering Of our labors in its behalf
We have, therefore, no longer an excuse
for giving secondary place to tho lmme.
diate work Of saving souls"
What have the "loyal" and "patriotic'
war ministry, who stumped the State fol
Abraham Lincoln last fall, to say 10 this
Are they fully compensated, in the green
backs they received, for the loss of mem
bers and the neglect of their divine Mas
ter work
Columbia Democrat and Bloomsburg general advertiser. [volume] (Bloomsburg, Pa.) 1850-1866, 1865-04-08
Select ])oetrp.
Inauguration Hymn.

All hail the power OF Abrams name,
Let white folks PROSTATE fall;
Bring forth the colored gentleman;
And make him lord Of all.
Let white folks no more lin their heads
Nor dare his acts reproye-
Of Mighty Lincoln-hbram First,
Who freed The ones we love.
Stand by and heed the chieftains cry,
More men we want than that
SAID he to pompous General Fry,
Where will you "come out at"
My proclamation has gone forth.
The wheel again must turn,
TO take the boobies of'thc North
"Lo whom it may concern"
bet Constitution and the Rights,
Cf states no more be known,
For we have made the Sanibo race,
Superior to our own.
For thi. we've fought for this we've prayed,
The nation's life have given,
Lord send the white folks all to hell
The niggcrs all to heaven.
And Lord when done with earth,
vc 10 cur chosen band.
Of WOO sy.hcads-swecl scented crow
place at thy right hand.
Columbia Democrat and Bloomsburg general advertiser. [volume] (Bloomsburg, Pa.) 1850-1866, 1865-04-08
Our Soldiers.

In the Tde,fc .fonthiy We find the following =
Another little private
Mustered in
The army oftemptdtioa
And Of sin
Another soldier arming
For the strife,
To fight the toisome batt'es
Of life.
Another little sentry,
Who will stand
On guard, while evils prowl
On every hand.
Lord onr little darling
Guide and save,
Mid the pelils Of the march
To the grave!
Columbia Democrat and Bloomsburg general advertiser. [volume] (Bloomsburg, Pa.) 1850-1866, 1865-04-08
Photographic Albums.

We were the hrst I" introduce these iIt th tu",i
statrs. and we III inufactnre imncn>" quantities in
great variety, innsing IN price from 81 $ju
.;ch Onr Albums have the reputation OF brin. sri.
pcriOr in brauty and durahilty 10 any Others. they
Will be sent by mail free, on receipt Gt pricc.
NJ kiMe N6MMS madc % Ocdcr.-EM
Columbia Democrat and Bloomsburg general advertiser. [volume] (Bloomsburg, Pa.) 1850-1866, 1865-04-08

s9- A lady, more favored with fortune
than with education, at a soiree which she
gave, desired her daughter 10 play "the
fashionable new -Malady she got from
London last week." The pretty girl
obeyed, and it was very catching,
Columbia Democrat and Bloomsburg general advertiser. [volume] (Bloomsburg, Pa.) 1850-1866, 1865-04-08

of three cities, Philadelphia, New York
and Baltimore.

We remark, finally, that we have not
thus ventured upon this frank appeal to
the good offices and liberality of our DEM
ocratio friends 10 behalf of the Pat1iot
anil Union, without at the same time re-
solving and being prepared 10 IN axe it in
every respect one of the very best family
newspapers in the Stale.
Under these circumstances, we frankly
ask your aid in extending its circulation
10 your vicinity. Whatever you do 10
promote its interests, you may rest assured
will be most gratefully remembered. We
shall Away, be glad to hear from you
upon any subject of public or personal
interest, and beg whenever you may come
to Harrisburg you will make US a visit.
We have the honor to remain,
Ever, very faithfully your friends,
VIM. H. MILLER, Trustee.
for G. l.. WARD and others,
Propri.tors of Patriot and Union.
JOHN H. BRIMNER, Publisher.
p. SIN writing on business of the
paper, please address John II. Brimner,
Patriot aud Union office, Harrisburg,
We have seen the Circular Of the Pa.
triot and Union, under date Of February
lst, 1865, in reference 10 ight and nc
cessary increase in the price of that paper .,
and the Importance of extending the cir
culation The proprietors have properly
set forth that they did not desire this in.
crease in any instance where it would af.
lect the circulation of any local paper /;
but ask it a, against weekly papers pub.
lished out OF the State. Under these
views, and upon this frank avowal, we
take great pleasure in urging upon tho De.
mocracy of PeDnsy ylvania the propriety Of
supporting our own State papers in prefer
cncc to those elsewhere local ted. We deem
it Of vital importa nee also, in party point
of view, that an able and faithful organ
should be maintained at the seat of gov.
ernment; and readily concur in recon-
mending the Weekly Patriot and Union,
as one Of the largest and best weekly po
litioal papers, we know of In or our of the
State.
OF THE SENATE.
Wm. Hopkins. George H. Bucher, j.
B. Stark, Wm. NJ Sherry, Geo B. Scball
John Latta. G. NJ. Donovan, Hlester Cly-
mer, Wm. A. Wallace, d B. Mon,gom.
cry, Ii B. Bcardslee, o. P. James. VIM.
NJ. Randall.
OF THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES,
A ID, Markley, Il. Harner, L. B. Scar
light, Samuel G. Sinner, G l. Pershing
James Cameron, Owen Rice, Peter Gil.
bert, f. w. Headman, Ii. B. Rhoads, j.
+. Kline, W. NJ. Nelson, j. D. Bowan,
Joh Mis- inner, j. II. Marshall, James
Donnelly, ]. w. D. Sharpe, N. Woiser,
Luther Calvin, w. W, Barr, 7, H Purdy,
W. Fl Jacoby, D. F, Seybert, E,Statterth
wait, G T. Alexander, j, +. Spangler
Samuel Joseph,, E B Eldred, j. De mer
A. Grady, H. Hakes, A. Anderson, Geo.
A. Quigley, NJ Weaver, L. J. Boyer, f.
Rose