The New York herald., 1865-12-20
THE e A ST.
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COOLIE LABOR AND INIMICRiTION.
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Synopsis Of the Relations Between Mter and
Servant Laid Down in the "Labor lws."
THE CONDITION OF THE 'oolIE.
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NEGLECT OF HIS PHYSICAL WNTS.
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Enormous Increase Of the CofIe Crop
Of the Present Season,
DEPARTURE OF A CARGO FOR NEl YORK..
DEPARTURE OF 4 CARGO FOR MI YORK.
&c. &C. !.
Our Point do Gale Correspondence.

PoiM DE GALE, Island OF Ccyl0D, SeptP 1866.
General reformation Concerning the Islaad tsyIou-
Us Area, Confguration aud CtisaaN-The s,ita,i,sA
Of tie hiaad-AgriculturdI Stotistics-At fdc,ires,
Minerals, Populolion--7Ae Goce,ra.aiD deficiency
Of Hdrbors- Coois Trade and Insa0rdtiolfF Hoe They
Eive--Lcbor Laus u Ceslon, dc.
There few spots OF tho area, wkever you
may 60, more favored with variety Rof nhrM gifss
than the island Of Ceylon With . tropical tsperaiure,
relieved OF its features by refreshing be2es from
the sea, connguraon rising TO altitude {over
mile and half and variety OF productions ery rarely
compressed within the limited space, tpossesses
the best features Of the orrd and the tempee
The OF the island Is about twenty fot thousand
seven hundred square miles, and embrace six pro-
sinccs-the Western Northwestern, Southor Eastern,
Northern and Central The general aspect obe island
around the coast and northern provinces is lfl seldom
rising many feet above the sea- but approaching the in
terror, ridges and low ranges commence TO pnn, until,
reaching the central province which seems rs bold
surface, to have been originally the nuclt Of the
island the surface rises into massive mounta4 and con
spicuous and lofty peaks The climate, in aseqnence
Of these Irregularities possesses every vareound in
the lower attitudes On ono side OF mounta the rain
falls perfect deluge, while the othelcgetation
and tho earth parched by drought. Thaouthwest
monsoon prevails from April to Scptenberfh!e the
northeast continues from November 20 Febsry. Tho
interval between these two periods emGces the
eauinoctia winds and ealms. With al ese sud
den differences of temperature, Ceyon is said
to be tho healthiest spot within the tropics thirty
six hours journey from this place the tnfler runs
through all the degrees OF temperature from warmth
OF equatorial heat 10 The freshness OF the cenramperso
climate In the short distance OF fifty tes rom
Handy the thermometer ranges from eighty ghs down
to thirty eight degrees.
The sanitarium OF Ceylon 10 Hewera Elsbout six
thousand feet elevation, and IL is mere tbEuropoan
population take refuge from the discS,ors OF
tho low land climate during the hottie, months
tMarch and Aprp. During my own .sit TO
Hewera Ellia, about two weeks since, for the mir
sharp and cold, and two blankets and an oyeiat were
not uncomfortable for covering during the nigh Here
during certain OF the year frost spdoe are
found at night and the vegetables and maj OF the
fruits OF Pennsylvania and Virginia srawn great
suceees.
Thcsoil along the 10 generally unproduvs tho
being the only product grown with an,uccees
In the central districts, however the country fertile
The total Of surface under cultivation ap,nts TO
about one million and quarter scres distributamong
the various crops Of rice, carakau, Indian areca
pamirah and kot,ul palms, jack bread fruitnsngo
sugar. cotton, tobacco, onions chies cinnamo cocoa
nuts, coffee and pasture The whole acreage is n
The agricultural gtaiistca Of tho irlsnc showbe fol-
lowing figures, taking the aggregate Of the pro.
vinces:--
A,rs. Ayes
Paddy trIcc,.. el2s Posture. ,3eI
other grain. -. .ll3443ls systematic cocoanu
Coffee. e...-..2n1sii, i,> cn cultivation ....@ GOO COO
Tobacco. ........ ls.s474 suear............,Iss $50
The whole amoont OF coffee Yoduced gpon 4 area
above stated is about million eish,ytwo thsand
fve hundred and eighty two hundred weight. 1867
the expectations amounted only 90 sin hundred Ave
thousand hundred and seventy nine hr ndrcd light
showing consumption In round numbers OF abb four
hundred Thousand hundred weight on lhe island
The cinnamon plantations during lsc2 yialdeshoat
eight hundred and seventy I've Thousand four hdred
and seventy pouncs. This was exclusive u that ion
of the crop used for the man. 1Ctare or cirnRm OIL
The growth OF sugar has ne or met with sucoe. and
the experiments in s cultivation have been arut cn-
trely abandoned II will be that tho whole Dwih
Of cotton Is confined 70 about eigh, hundred acI
writer on tho subject says:"Ihere Is suitable Ian end
in some places the climate and also snbo
but the bort cotton regions arc not healthy, and ,rc
no labor TO spare which Is equivalent to an saov-
ledgment that cotton win form Of tho piles
Of Ceyion. Tobacco meets with success. 1.-the
hundred and ssy.nye acres under cmItivailo for
two millions four hundred and sixonc
thousand two hundred and eightytwo pounds The
growth OF rice docs not reach tho amount OF homeon-
SUMPTION and fne grains have proved unproftle.
The live stock Of the island such ~ horses horned dle
Concerning tho Ceylon manufactures the states
show two thousand and eighteen looms; oil milleone
thousand hundred and seventy eight six sugarills
and twenty steam engines. The miDes minorslAnd
fisheries sum up as follows: :--Plumbago, sixty ght
mines; gem quarrios, one hundred and twenty sen;
iron o,aries forty five boats employed in the fishes
sey en- thousand three hundred and forty eight.
According 10 the most reliable sources set dowrhe
following nguras:-
Aliens. .....Jo ..o InhapitS proper .2,WsO4
Military. ............ 4o$J
Grand total. ......A..... ........ ZOUS1
and Legislative Council the majority appointed byhe
British Crown. Tho former council IN composed q
Governor the Major General commanding the fore, a
Colonial Secretary, Queen ADV ocate Treasurer snd
Ji,or General. The Legislative Council ia somposeor
ten official members, as follows:-rhe six merbeTof
the Executive Council, two government AGENTS, he
Surveyor General and Collector of Customs In d.
diton 10 these thero are nve unofficial memfs
representing the burrhcr European planter, mercane
snghaesc and Tamil interests. This attempt at pa
lar representation In the local government fle
any opposition on the part Of unofficial MEMBER
scarcely hearing, and, under any circumstance is
perfectly pow erlcss in the administration At preat
there " an organization termed the 'Ceyon i.eagi
which has In view the of popular privileges
thls IL merely local affair, and viii not amount TO
serious trouble, 10 IL unworthy of comment.
The finances OF Ceyon during the year 1868 std
nearly million Of pounds revenue minus the pearl G.
cries, which have entirely failed The ordinary cxr-
dturcs of the government, not keeping pace with
revenue footed up at the expiration OF 1883 at two h.
dred and fourteen thousand five hundred pounds surp
Though this island is geographically situated foa
extensive communication with all paris Of the worlc
possesses but really safe harbor A. this point sb
anchor In small indentaton, affected by both wind
wave, while at Colombo the harbor, called Is notht
more than an open roads, Trincomal6, situated on
northeastern coast Is situated one OF the largest
finest harbors In the world but its unfortunate position
far out Of the line OF commerce. except with Calcutta
ders IL Of no value whatever 70 commerce. The harbt
however is used AZ the naval station Of British vess
IN these waters.
or all subjects connected with this island the most II
portant and interesting 10 us at this period In o
Affairs is cooe labor and immigration. The coolie
who constitute ncary the entire manual labor Z
the plantations and roads, ere natives Of Southel
India The incidence prejudocs and lazy pride Of u
Abor matter Of no little anxiety 70 all havSg uss for
iwse number Of hands The demand too, for Tamil an
otss hbOrsSs 70 equally great In many portions Of In1i
issE-in ssch dsesicts - the Nielghenles In WynaA<
in GOVT Myscrs and The ghAuts of fmvapcore and svs