New-York daily tribune. [volume] (New-York [N.Y.]) 1842-1866, 1865-09-13
TIE AMExlCAN INSTITUTE.
Continued from First Page.


sin.le track railroad crossing many rivers anu lesc
worK structures for more than tbree hehu .. ni'es
through Tennessee aud Georgia an nternrising and
daring enemy In these days OF railway uIsas,eIe sno"
ne board Of directors that could keep ioaa III run
ming order with guerrias nenacinS every Ie Oh lhe
frock. scarcely q day passing without bridge de-
stroved trestle work burned, trains thrown from the
track and smashed by means OF obstacles placed upon
&C. encneers and brakcmen shot. every train carrying
its own guard every depot for wood and water mill
,ary most md for oil the vast labor that and many
.thsr military railroads between Little Rock, west of
the Mississippi to the Potomac, the Quartermaster-
Generals Department was responsible. This army
OF miles was under the sleepless and thoughtful
eye Of MsiorGen. Montgomery G. Meigs, the
accomplished chief Of the Quartermaster,s
department Of the-army The Chief Quarteimasers Of
the two principal armies Maior'Gen; Rufas IN,
gals of the Amy Of tie East, and Gen. Allen OF the
Army Of the South West. Ibave not alluded TO the
Other duties Of the Quartermaser General, suen as
clothing million of soldiers transporting theii 90.
enoe, and ammunition 10 every camp Irohi 'ne
Rio Grande to the Susquehanna; constructing N'o
graphs the whole theaer Of war and keeping tIen
mepous crvsrT and artillery ever Kept foot in enc
army. and providing wsgon trains always 10! o1o su
and som, times Tor ooth sues III oer hoader
theater If operations than has ever VSeh ny
singh nation. The Suesistenee Depilnth's oi ie
army ander the able direction OF its accomplished chei
Cen Eaton is not the least remarkable for IT'S adlra'
bic administration. Unseen, like the atmosphere,
DeyeYtheless it was everywhere present with sii
TeedfsI supplies; contributing every success 1t is re-
sonSb,e or no failures in ans campaign II my time
pcruit.ed vou migE be interested IN some det1.s OF
5bo rev ordnance AVID small arms. originated by Tof
DajIgren. Parrot. Wizard Spencer, Remington ana
pthers-all effectively employed IN our military ana
naval operations. have also TO regret that my ap
NH alton FOR Official information these subjects has
not been successful aud consequently my impressions
lack the precision wct smeS re e armories
tle Government relied for small arms on purchases II
was permitted 10 make IN foreign countries. more
alan million Of mnSkets were so obtained VI tHese
Il is said By the Commissioners appointed TO Nes'-
gate and report upon their value and quGlIy tha'
hundreds of thousands have been purchased ana &c.
liyercd and thersands TO arrive, not one OF
which last sipge campaign and not one o. WhicI II
~ IN no rocef in the hands Of civilized troops" For
such musketS the Government paid from eighteeh
10 twenty-five dollars each. None oil them pelns
interchangeable in any OF tAeh Parts moi o a
part was lost broker, the gun was returned 10 inc
arsenal for repairs or thrown away, Con'facls "ere
soon made by Secretary Cameron, ana by MS ueeesso
Secretary Stanton, with private pGTnek lor lne .anu
facture Of muskets Of the Springfield and Oihel d'le
for carbIes. pistols, swords &e' al noeia Pr pc no
averaging about twenty-five dollars for mgskSs OF Tue
Sprinclcd pattern. The result Of these STIMULATING IN
fucnces TO private enterprise was that @oout ttlt,!
con plete were established with the most III.
Ceuous and efficient machinery Employing twenty
million dollars capital and twenty thousand mechanics
capable of producing five hundred rlhed muskes a.!
t cost 10 the manufacturer not exceeding eight collars
(cold) piece complete. So great have been lhc az
xauages obtained by The use OF machinery and the ul
sion OF labor in this branch Of manufactures that Inc
armories OF this country now compete successfully
with the cheap labor OF Europe while We pay to our me
entitled bv their superior skill and their respectable rank
in The community. No ether nation has everfqulpec
armies have done, with repeating rhes oreeeh'
leading ca:biues IevoNeTs aud iIheu aItlAeI!
and when II becomes known how superior ere the arms
make aAd the low price ior Wlie1 they can DC sup
Piled We viii become the manufacturers OF arms lVf lle
world can 90 no uOre than glance az the improve
ments Of tie Medical Department Of tie army; noeed
can only speak of any Of the great staff department.
far as iher OPERATIONS pass ed under NY obseIva
SION The construction and organization OF geheia
hospitals the ample arrangement ior Aelu Hos wy
and udioious expenditures Tor se'entihe M
proved ambulance hospital |ngonswIted ar
with spring beds carrydhe sick and wounGea o. ln
army railroads the nnanI he extsnsye issHe
Gunine OF the most expensive medicines as pre-
Yentiye-these are among tae HouocSt ;, vice
the arny To all this must be added tie nObe service
the Sanitary Commission, that good anger oil the lr,
ALWAYS eC0perated with the Government ana 0flngIn
10 every battlefield and TO every hospital the inhume
able gifts OF American women, INSPIRED by pauIousi
md affection; the religions olces ol onI chapahs w
ri tho Christian Commis sion; Inc tender nursing an
nious minstratiOns Of Sisters Of Mercy the organize
agencies of all the State governments for the iehei
their sick and wounded the atDiraoie seIi i Pc
formed by Adams Express Company IN delVeIlng pa
sels from home 10 soldiers IN Gil INC aiesi UNI Wy ,
ali is considered-when our record Is compared WI
that of other wars-I venture 10 anticipate tha IL '"
be established that no army has ever received 70
equal extent with the Dement'S OF enghteneu az
benefeent administration Here let me pause 10 ph!
tribute TO upon whom more than upon any oth'
public servant has rested the vast and varied respons
blities which the conduct Of our great war Impose
when the Rebellion declared itself toward the close
the administration q President Buchanan an emnel
LAWYER who had neither held Office been cOnspic
pls as a pGrtizan in politics. called into the Cabin
as Attorney. General; LIS presence vi
j stantly felt in the vigorous measure
tsken 70 enforce the authority Of tie Government.
lie critical moment which followed the occupation
Fort Sumter when IL seemed Gs If the Goyerni1ol
vould Weld the audGcity and yeor OF rovoluiional
pressure, bis fearless cOunSels, his indomnabe WI
lis sturdy loyal nature contributed manly 10 that mo-
jbc4ii Of the pacinc pocy OF President Bucb0na
which followed by measures 10 resist the iutht
agg-essOns OF the insurgents. Toward evening on 81
al ihe gloomy days in the Winter OF lS6i the Alto
ney-JeneTal sent for one Of the Representatives
Con, ress from New-YOTk and informed him that N
less Re public opinion OF tie North instantly mai
ifeae1 the President would yield 10 the demand
South Carolina and order Major Anderson back frOl
Sumter 10 MOu.tIie. IL was decided al once that a
announce that the President had decided to maiDtai
AHdeTson in Sumter at al! hazards Fire some pow
der said Stanton all We can DO yet is 10 FIRE b.an
carfri6 ss; thousand bullets or bale Of hemp woul
save u from q bloody rebelliOn the Pfesidef
will Ic strike a blow; but lie win resist If he sec
fhc temper Of tie people demand resistance; 90 an
fire and let tie echoes come TO the Whit
House The Lext day salates were fred at Newly ORR
phladeissia Albany aud tile cities in honor OF Pres
dent Buc auGn's determination 10 sustain the galan
Andersen; c0ngr0tulaory kilograms were sent irOf
promineq men in oil those cities 20 tie President; III
corp0rato authorities C NeWloIk passed earnest Ies9
Iufions Of uYpOrt Several journals inleaGug article
Of remarkable power, Endorsed ard commended IL
u made. The demand Of south Carolina for the evacua
" ton Of FOs inter was refused; II remained only 70
= lie EOUth Tccede make war. President LiDcoli
40 as inaHgl1gted, followed. The Attorney Gen
fer val the war Minister Of President Lincoln Hi
elcc 'sic iLADaaJc instantly felt thToua boat th
ann, aud au oaeT the country. Commanding general
were crleIed :: PM tEeE columns IN mCton aod al