davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Placer herald., 1865-03-18
NCTGCE, ,
10 the Tax-Paycrs Of District No. 1, place.


County.
%1 Office is hereby given, to the Tax Payers of
~ Collection District No. /, Of Placer county.
that the State Poll Tax, Special County Poll Tax,
Military Poll Tax, and Road Tax, is now due and
colloctlbe by law; and that | will in person or
by deputy accompany the Assessor Of said Dis
trct who will commence the annual assessment
Of the property Of the District at this date. and
shall promptly collect at the time these Taxes
from all persons, except those exempt by law,
as well as the Tax on all Personal Property cx-
ccpt when such personal property is owned by
persons returning Real Estate.
When failure is made in payment Of the
above Taxes at the time demanded, shall in all
cases enforce Their collection by law.
W. d. PERKINS,
Collector Of District No. l, Placer county.
March 9th, 1865 3m
The Placer herald., 1865-03-18
NOTICE.

TNiE business heretofore conducted by Kohn
Il d Steiner will be continued by the under
signed under the firm name Of KoHN q KIND
All persons indebted to the old firm are requested
TO settle either with l.. Steiner or II. Kind who
are both authorized to receipt for the old firm
ii. KOHN,
II. KIND.
Auburn, February I'd. lS65.-Ow
The Placer herald., 1865-03-18
81 ERlEEy9 GALE


"a Office is hereby given that by virtue of an
! v order of sale issued ont OF The District Court
Fourteenth Judicial District. Placer County. Cal
said Court on The 10th day Of March, 4. D. 1863
in favor OF James W. GIutier and against james
L. English, and the property hereinafter dc.crb-
ed. for the sum Of ten thousand three hundred
and seventy-seven dollars and eighty one cents
(Sl0,377 SD Judgment and costs, | win offer for
sale ana will sell at public sale TO the highest
bidder for cash. at the Cou:t House door in the
town OF Auburn,
On Saturday, the Ist day OF April, 1865.
at 10 o'clock. a. NJ. all the righ, title. Interest
and claim OF said James l.. English, on the n
day OF March. 1862 in and to the following
described property to-wii: IAN the following
property situate in Placer and Nevada counties.
being on Sections No. 81 and 33, in Township Ii,
North Range Hasl, and Sections No 4 and >,
! in Township Is. North Range East. in Nevada
county; and Sections 4, j. g and 9, in Township
| -, North Range East PLACER county, said
! ranch extending on both sides Of Bear River. and
| extending from the county of Placer over said
| Bear river, into and including said lands in
! Nevada county
Also. the Toll Bridge situated on the road
leading from Auburn to Grass Valley ana Neya
! da, where the road crosses Bear River. together
with all and singular tho buildings. improve
ments, rights, privileges. and appurtenanoe,
| thereunto belonging Or in anywise appertaining
Nh. SEXTON, SheriU
BY order of 10 Hamilton. PITS Atty.
Auburn. March llth, 1865 -lW
The Placer herald., 1865-03-18
DISSOLUTION OF Co-paRTNEIssu.n

FNNHE Co-partnershp heretofore existing be-
~ tween the undersigned under the firm, name
and style of kohn Steiner, is this day dissolved
by mutual consent. H. KOHN
l.. STEIN Err
Rutland weekly herald. [volume] (Rutland, Vt.) 1859-1877, 1865-02-16

From BERMUDA.-From the Bermuda
Advocate of the 1lth ult. we get the fol
lowing items:
The five arrivals from Wilmington re
ported in our last number have had the
effect Of creating very perceptible re-
action in trade generally since then, and
some of the wharves are as they were a
twelve-month since, literally stocked
with cOttOn-b bales.
The Confederate steamer Chameleon,
late the Tallahassee, since her arrival in
port, has been kept under the strictest
surveillance of the customs in order, we
presume, to prevent any breach Of the
International or the revenue laws, Ow-
ing to her former character as priva-
teer.
"Bold Captain Bell, " so the song says,
who was the leader in the Roanoke af-
fair, streaked it last week for parts UNI
known, victimizing merchants and hotel
keepers and others both here and in
Hamilton, to the tune of several hun
dred pounds. He is sure never to go to
Heaven, for he cheated us-the printer.
Rutland weekly herald. [volume] (Rutland, Vt.) 1859-1877, 1865-02-16

BLOCKING THB WHKBLs.-A deficiency
bill of large amount is now pending be-
tween the two Houses, after having
once been defeated and it is not denied
that there is suffering among the sick
and wounded soldiers in our hospitals
for want of the appropriations contain
ed in this bill. Still, it is not passed,
simply because the House insists on en-
bodyiDg therein an item of $4,000 for
satra pay to its clerks, door-keepers,
messengers, &c, &c. There is no law
authorizing this payment; but the
House has chosen to vote it, and now
says the Deficiency bill shall not pass
until the Senate consents to appropriate
TIE money. .aa
The vote on the End inst. on the mo-
zion to concur with the Senate and pass
the bill without the above item resulted
in yeas Al, nays So. Our Vermont rep
Iesentatives all voted In the affirm
alive.
Rutland weekly herald. [volume] (Rutland, Vt.) 1859-1877, 1865-02-16

UNDERSTOOD THE SITUATIoE.-An ar
my correspondent of the New York Tri-
bnne in a late letter records in the
homely but expressive language of a
soldier, the popular estimate Of the
value of the late negotiations. The
humble soldier took in the situation
better than some whose reputation for
wisdom is wider spread:
The general impression in military
circles seems to be conveyed in the
homely expression Of a private soldier
standing in the long line from the
steamboat to the Quartermaster's Office
this morning, awaiting his turn" for
transportation. Discussing the proba-
BILE results of the conference in the line,
as was everybody else, this blue coated
soldier remarked: " You'll aeeer gij a
peace out Of them aevas Hat's worth hacing
TIL yOw lick aom Of them" A multiplied
Endorsement Of that's sou evinced the
entire accord of that line"
Rutland weekly herald. [volume] (Rutland, Vt.) 1859-1877, 1865-02-16
Local and state I.ems.

SKArisG,-The boys of Middlebury
village getting discouraged about hav-
ing January thaw in February, to
make skating, set themselves to work on
the river and scraped the snow from n
good sized park, and had water pumped
on 1t. Their enterprise is likely to prove
successful
Rutland weekly herald. [volume] (Rutland, Vt.) 1859-1877, 1865-02-16

Our Ezw PEACE CoNNIssroNKRs.-The
Presidents call for three hundred thou
sand men is to go into effect without
any more delay than may be necessary
to afford proper opportunity for the cor
rectien Of unavoidable mistakes in the
Provost Marshal Generals office. This
work, however, must be now pretty
well advanced, as for several weeks past
great care has been given to the correc-
tioR- of the enrolment. These three
hundred thousand men are our new
peace commissioners to the James river,
and, under General Grant, their confer
eooe with ahe rebels win be very eg-
fectiye. Q
Rutland weekly herald. [volume] (Rutland, Vt.) 1859-1877, 1865-02-16

SHRBP SALgs,-Messrs Peet & Mead of
Cornwall, recently sold 10 Hoyt, Haw-
ley q James of Saratoga Co, New York,
twelve ewes-a second choice-for three
thousand dollars. They declined an Of
fer of twelve thousand dollars for TWEEN
ty-tlve ewes.
Rutland weekly herald. [volume] (Rutland, Vt.) 1859-1877, 1865-02-16

THE SToRM.-A heavy snow storm pre-
vailed in New York Tuesday afternoon,
commencing between one and two o.
clock. and continuing until about eight
in the evening, Soon after eight O'Clock
in the evening the snow was succeeded
by rain, which continued to fall during
the night, accompanied by a strong
north easterly wind.
Rutland weekly herald. [volume] (Rutland, Vt.) 1859-1877, 1865-02-16

NOMENCLATURE. - The Brattleboro
postmaster receives letters addressed 10
Brattle Borrow, Brattleboro, Brattle-
borougher, marlborough, Bradlebero,
Braddlehlry and Brattelboro, aud a
good many other names that begin
with b.
Rutland weekly herald. [volume] (Rutland, Vt.) 1859-1877, 1865-02-16

VERMONT STATE AGRICULTURAL SoCI-
ETY,-At a meeting of the Directors OF
the Vermont State Agricultural Society
held at Bellows Falls, Feb. 9TH, the fol-
lowing resolution was adopted, relative
to the Agricultural College;
Resolved, That this Society cordially
approve Of the bill passed by the Gen
eral Assembly of Vermont at the last
session, establishing the Vermont Agri-
cultural College, and would urge upon
the Trustees a meeting for it's organiza-
ton at the earliest practicable day.
The Annual Fair of the Society will
be held at White River Junction, Sept.
18th, 18th, 14th and 18th, 1865.
Rutland weekly herald. [volume] (Rutland, Vt.) 1859-1877, 1865-02-16

TBs AnBsDxEEr.-The Legislature Of
. Maine yesterday ratified the constitu-
4 tionsl amendment abolishiDg slavery.
Ten States hSye now acted afirmatively
upon 1t. g-af a-r-aE. Lac /
Rutland weekly herald. [volume] (Rutland, Vt.) 1859-1877, 1865-02-16

TEMPERANCE CONVENTIONS are called
for the counties of Addison, Chittenden,
Washington and others, for the purpose,
among Others, Of nominating County
Commissioners. Other counties might
do well to initiate the example.
Rutland weekly herald. [volume] (Rutland, Vt.) 1859-1877, 1865-02-16

LET LoosE.-Patrick Mcguire confn-
ed in Jail in st. Adams for an assault
and battery was let out on the morning
of Feb. 8, by some adroit scamp who
stole the key Of the Jail room and open
ed the door.
Rutland weekly herald. [volume] (Rutland, Vt.) 1859-1877, 1865-02-16

For THB FRoNT.-Thirty.seven con-
valescent soldiers left Sloan Hospital
Thursday m0rning for the front.
Rutland weekly herald. [volume] (Rutland, Vt.) 1859-1877, 1865-02-16

REVIVAL AT WILMINGTON.-We learn
from an exchange that a great religious
interest prevails among the Baptist,
Methodist and Congregational churches
in Wilmington. Such earnestness has
not been manifested for years. Meet
ings are being held in various school
districts in town, and many have ex-
pressed hope in the saving influences
of the gospel-Christian Messenger.
Rutland weekly herald. [volume] (Rutland, Vt.) 1859-1877, 1865-02-16

A LITTLE SToRr.-The New York
Evening Post thinks that the President
displayed more good natsre than dignity
in going down to Fortress Monroe to
meet the rebel commissioners, and closes
an article upon the subject with the fol-
lowing little story, which will please the
President wonderfully:
Clifford was coarse satirist. In a
note to enc OF his satires he alludes to
the case of "three Irishmen who went
pve miles to suck bull and came back
dry" We have too much respect for
our chief magistrate to apply this anec-
dote to the party who went to Fortress
Monroe on the errand which has been
the theme of newspaper discussion for
the week past, but we know that he is
fond of an illustrative story, and for
this reason may pardon us for closing
our article with it.
Rutland weekly herald. [volume] (Rutland, Vt.) 1859-1877, 1865-02-16

THR THING ExrLAIsgD.-The New
York Commercial says of Gen. Dick
Taylor who has succeedeF Hood in com
mand of the rebel army of the Ten
nessee;"
HE is an effective fighter when lead
ing small force but we have never as
cribed to him the capacity requisite to
the command OF whole military de-
partment."
That perhaps, says the Tribune, ex
plains the appointment of Hood last
summer, He was employed to fight the
army down to such size that Dick
Taylor could properly command it,
Rutland weekly herald. [volume] (Rutland, Vt.) 1859-1877, 1865-02-16
TIE ST. ALRANs RAIDERS.

Bennett Young and the four other re
arrested raiders are confined very differ
emily from what they were before their
escape. Their doors are no longer "open
to all, and the landing and feasting and
garlanding of these christian gentle
men" and worlds heroes" that once
disgraced the city, are not repeated.
The trial of the raiders will be renewed
in a few days, and all classes are look
ing forward with intense anxiety to it's
issue. l had little hope that the -deci-
sion would be against them,- but the
honorable action of the provincial par
lament, and the rendition Of Burleigh
put q different face on the matter. What
that decision shall be is of vital impor-
lance to Canada, for it will establish a
precedent that may decide her destiny.
-C0,responaenee Of the 8prinq,Seld RepabN-
can,
Rutland weekly herald. [volume] (Rutland, Vt.) 1859-1877, 1865-02-16

REBEL RLRCTIoN FOR CONGRESS IN AR
kANsAs.-The Washington (Ark, Tele-
graph (rebel publishes the votes for
three rebel members OF Congress for Ar
kansas, which took place in October,
The total number Of votes polled for
three members was three thousand seven
hundred and thirty-two. The free Con-
stitution was adopted in March last by
over thirteen thousand, and there are
in the Union army over ten thousand
white volunteers, and six thousand col
ored troops, all from that State, Ac-
cording to population there is donble
the number Of soldies in theiUnion army
from Arkansas over any other State in
the Union,
Rutland weekly herald. [volume] (Rutland, Vt.) 1859-1877, 1865-02-16
The Northern Capital of Rebellion.

The great Importance that attaches to
Montreal, in American eyes, at present
is the fact that it is the northern capt.
tai of rebellion; that it has given high
places in its esteem and warm places in
its homes to many of the worst spirits
of the South, and given them a part of
its press and so much of its popular SEN
timent as to make it at one time unplea-
SAINT and even unsafe for Union officer
or soldier to be recognized on its streets.
The wild demonstrations of joy through
out the city when the decision of Justice
Coursol was announced, has been fol-
lowed by reaction; the passport sys-
tenn raised wall, and the reciprocity
debate in our Congress revealed q gulf
that terrified the citizens. If the United
States is closed against them, the whole
earth, for nearly half the year, is shut
out, for the ports of Canada are then
sealed with blockade that all Europe
could not raise. They begin now to dis
trust the vipers they have been hugging
to their hearts, and feel something akin
to respect even for the cruel and con-
temptible Yankee.
Rutland weekly herald. [volume] (Rutland, Vt.) 1859-1877, 1865-02-16

The San Francisco people are corr
siderably stirred NJ in regard to read
Ing the Bible In common schools. There
is a good deal OF opposition to allowing
the custom 10 be Introduces.
Rutland weekly herald. [volume] (Rutland, Vt.) 1859-1877, 1865-02-16
lPuBLIc-No. SOL


AN ACT for the relief of postmasters who have
been robbed by confederate forces rebel
guerilas. ~
Be IL enacted by the Senate ard House Of Repre-
sentctiues Of hs United States Of Ameriea an Com
0rsss assembled:--
That in all cases where loyal postmasters have
been robbed by confederate forces or rebel guerl-
las of post office stamps, stamped envelopes, or
of monsy received snd collected for, belong
ing to, and held for the government of the
United States, aad where suehs robbery has
of the postuns ster. the Postmater neral
shall be and he Is hereby authorized 70 credit
sush postmaster, in the settlement of his 40
counts, with the amount of VII c. he may have
been 60 robbed. And in cases shere no suca cred
it has be IN allowed, and the postmaster has been
required 10 and as accented for anil paid over 20
the Poet Office Depart uent be sum or sums Of
which he may have been o robbed, as Aforesaid,
the Pos'Inss ers GENERALS authorized 10 refund
tie sam 80 ca h pc mas er.
ApproF Apdl The q 1854. Fa. ~
Rutland weekly herald. [volume] (Rutland, Vt.) 1859-1877, 1865-02-16

lg-The following was the vote In the
US. Senate on the motion to strike out
of the enrolment bin the clause which
permits recruiting agents to visit South
ern States to obtain recruits for State
credits;
Yeas-Messrs, Brown, Buckalow, Car
Isle, Chandler Collamer, Cowan, Davis
Doollttle, Grimes, Harlan Harris, Hen
derson, Hendricks, Howard, Howe, John
son. Lane of Ind, Nesmith, Powell, Ram
say, Richardson, Salisbury, Ten Eyck,
Trumbull, Van Wrinkle, Wiley and
wright-2s.
Nays-Messrs, Anthony, Clark, Con-
ness, Dixon, Farwell, Foster Hale, Nor
gan, Morrill,, Nye, Sumner and Wilson
10.
It will be seen that all the New Eng
land Senators, who voted at all, voted
Nay, except Senator Collamer,
Virginia free press. (Charlestown, Va. [W. Va.]) 1832-1916, 1865-12-14
8YsfERss OYSTERS

the Plate or otherwise Families supplied at
short notice. - J. II. EASTERDAY BRO,
Octdber IL.
Virginia free press. (Charlestown, Va. [W. Va.]) 1832-1916, 1865-12-14
FALL x WINTER
!. -tsa GOODS. -

HAFfN0 jfst returned from the Eastern Cries,
L Fam now prepared to oaer b, the pubie gen
orally, ~, large and csrefias selected Sssck a.
was ever before brosxht % tRis market, inelsding
FINE DRESS GOODS:
French and Epytisb MerThs, an coIors, Irish Pop
ins. Scotch Piids, Moasclsse a. Exincs, Barashca.
new article. Black and CotrcS AIpacas, Mohair
Qclagcs. Drabl and GREY I.uster, for travelling
Dresses, cAlieoes. and Ginghnus-
Shaker FIznpels. Cotton flannch, Plaid T.inseys,
Ticking Br0rR and ljh.ached GostDns
WIIITEG00DS and NOTIONS:
isain Cambria, Swiss Musiins. Figured and Dotted
Ditto, Swiss rn& Cambria Edgings and lnsertings,
Magic and coyenEy Rulings. Fleece Lined, and
Lambs wopE Rose, Buck Gauntlets and Kid Gloves.
Nubies and Twilight Hoods, Plaid Shawls-lons
g sIf .frc ~ and square.
Trimmings Of all styles and qualities.
desire particularly 10 call attention 70 my stock 81
= GEyTfENEN's WEAR.
Cloths, Cassimeres, yestings, Negliges, Merips
Shirts, Drawers Hats, Caps, Boots and Shoes.
GROCERIES,, QUEESSwARE, GLASSWARE.
Hardware, Wooden Ware, Coal Oil Lamps and Oil.
Oct.5, II. l. HEISKELL.
Virginia free press. (Charlestown, Va. [W. Va.]) 1832-1916, 1865-12-14
AISQUITII * BRO.
SOLE AGENTS, AT CILARLfSTO WN.
Great Remedy for Colds.
lr~, 81 ,a4a BELLS ~ ID ~, 81
Electoral Balsalnfc Corr
dial * f
EXPECTORANT.

tEXPECTORANT. ~
4 REMEDIAL Agent prepared TO meet the ur-
~ gent demand for prompt and safe ahtidote
for all Pulmonary Disorders. Improperly used
1t will give instant relief in almost every in
stance and will prove an effectual cureinia'ma-
jority Of the following cases, all affections of
the THR 0AT and L UlNGS, as Colds, Coughs
Asthmatic Tendencies, Whooping Cotigh,
Hoarscness, Soreness of the Breast and
s.s Bronchial Affections! f1 'ssgI
When we. first commenced manufacturing
the Expectorant for our home consumption, it
was not our intention nor our desire to put it
before the public As cure all, nor to pub
lisha long list of testimonials as an evidence of
its curative properties, but the demand for it
being so great, and decidedly on the increase,
has induced, and in fact compelled us to pre-
pare it on much larger scale, and also TO es-
tablish agencies throughout this section Of the
country. H
g All we ask is that those thus afflicted may
give it a fair trial, that il may provcits many
advantages over other preparations of a similar
nature now being employed. The price, too,
throws it within the reach of all, being but
% & 40 cents bottle.
Virginia free press. (Charlestown, Va. [W. Va.]) 1832-1916, 1865-12-14
.STONEBRAKER'S So ~
DYSPEPSIA IsITTERS
LITER LyrIG0RAT0Rl

LITER INFIG0RAT0Ri eaara2
.-a THE GREAT RENEpya rog ~ ~
Dyspepsia, Liver Complaint, Bilious Attacks,
Sick Headache, Spnr Stomach, Flatulency, \,
Loss of Appetite. Cetiyeucss. Jaun- 90
sre dice, Cholera Morbus. and Female
yst 70 Weakness. Dropsy, Depression Of
Spirits, Sallow Complexion, $500
and all arrangements Of the -
Digestive Functions. s.sss o.,
This being an entire Vegetable Compound, is
wauanteda safe and.ciiectual rcmedy not on
ly for Liver Complaint and Dyspepsia, but for
all those diseases resulting from a diiortlcred
condition of the Stomach and Liver, or dcrange-
ment of the digestive functions, such as Flatu-
lency, Loss of Appetite, Debility or Weakness,
Acidities of the Stomach, Headache, Costive-
ness, Dropsy, &c. - -.,,sr 80,
1t is particularly recommended TO those who
are suffering under debility and depression Of
spirits, soothing and renovating powers being
particularly adapted to all such cases:
Price One Dollar per Bottle
Sold by,Aisquith & Bro. Druggists, Charles
town, and by Country Dealers generally.
Virginia free press. (Charlestown, Va. [W. Va.]) 1832-1916, 1865-12-14

PUBLIC SALE
5r oi5 OF dilu fil1-e.
RE.aL EST.aTE. ~

L..
10y mutual agreement Of the heirs, will be offered
I'D at Public Sale, on the premises, to the highest
bidder, ON Wednesday. December 20h, 1865,
4 EALUABLE TRACT UPLAND,
belonging to the heirs of Thomas Bayliss. decd.
containing ONE HUNDRED ANDTWENTY
ACRES-twcnty acres Of which are in TIM
Der. - .rs
The said Land is situated in Jefferson county,
West Virginia, three miles from Charlestowp,
and on the Charlestown and Beryyille Turn
pike The fencing is in fine condition, and the
timber uninjured. A fine stream of water, the
north fork Of BulIskin Run,) flows through the
centre Of the farm, affording unsurpassed wa
tering facilities, and excellent MEADOW
LAND. The Improvements consist Of or3ina-
nv buildings. es.e
TERMS OF SALE.LOnc-third Cash-one
third in twelve months, with intesest from day
of sale. The remaining third to be paid in
twelve months after the death of Mrs. Mary
Bayliss, widow of Thomas Baylis, decd The
interest on the dowry to be paid annually. A
Deed of Trust to secure the deferred payments
MARY BAyLlSS, for he Keirs.
Nov. 20, Cots. r TTl OF
Virginia free press. (Charlestown, Va. [W. Va.]) 1832-1916, 1865-12-14
BELLS WORM sYRUP.

The most innocent, pleasant and efficient re-
medy in use. A remedy perfect IN asief.-
NO CASTOR OIL TO BE TAKEN.
In this Preparation we have included such
remedies only, that have been tried for years
and are known to possess powerful anthelmin-
tic virtues, combined with mild aperients. pleas
ant aronatics and sugar. Anthelmintics of
themselves cannot perform their peculiar func-
tons or have the desired effect, unless the bow
els are kept moderately OPEN To producethis
gentle purgatives arc necessary, and such only
ought to be used as cannot interfere with the
anthclmintic. employed. The advantages we
claim for this Syrup. are: lst Its power of
Destroying and EypeHiRg HORNS
ID. Its mild aperient effect upon the bowels.
3D.. Its pleasant taste and odor are advanta-
ges possessed or claimed by very few yerniftl-
ges.
4. Its harmless influence upon the system,
consequently no injurious effects will result
from its use should the patient have no Worms,
but an apparent disease, arising from some other
unknown cause, which is frequently the case.
The constituents of this Syrup and its effects
are known TO all our Physicians, who are now
using it in their practice to a large extent.
z p PRlGE-25 cents bottle. Il
Virginia free press. (Charlestown, Va. [W. Va.]) 1832-1916, 1865-12-14
BoARp1NG AND DAY dseHooL.

MFRS. FORREST having removed from, Staun-
INl ton TO Charlestown, will open her School Tor
Wednesday, September 1sR, 1865.
Being provided with competent Assistants, every
advantage for thorough course in English, Matl,-
ematcs, Music and the Language, win be afforded
The usual course Of study includes Latin-no ex-
ira charge made. .i.g.
Early applications for the Boarding Department
must be made, as the number Of Boarders Is Inn
tied. r,., -
Parents are assured t6at everything win be done
TO promote the comfort and happiness OF the pupils
The charge for Board, and Tuition in the In
glish and Latin Course for Annual Session com
ineneing Sept l5th and closing on the last Friday
in June 5000 payable one-half in advance, and the
remainder in February. st .aA
Washing, Fuel, and Lights, Ertra:
Day Scholars Per annual Session:
ENGLISH and LATlN....-...-....-.S40t to $50.
FRENCH, ITALIAN, SPANISH, or
GERMAN, S5o.
Music on .............S6o
VOCAL MI ,............ .Sov
Al pGyssnts made IN GdrGHee.
MRS A. ". FORREST,
Charlestown, jefferson CO., Va, Sept. Is, 1860.