, 1865-11-16

The hostilitics which have Just broken out
between Chilli, the foremost Of the South
American republics, and Spain, seem to have
grown out Of The difficulty between Peru and
Spain nearly year ago. Upon the seizure OF
the Chincha Islands ut that time by Spain,
Perm at first made strong show of waT, in
which she was stout1y backed both by the
Government md the public opinion OF Chill
The war party In Peru In January asst organ
lied IN alliance betx ecu the following South
American republics, viz: Salvador, Verezr
ucla, Bolivia, United stases Of Colombia,
Chilli, Ecuador and Peru. These States SOL
emnly bound themselves not to commit hos
tnlties between each other, but to refer all
questions arising between them In artatra-
ton to prevent the collection of materials
of war, the enlistment OF men, or equipment
Of vessels to operate In a hostile manner
against each other, and not to permit the
transit Of troops, arms OF implements Of war
across their territory, If designed for, use
against either Of them, and not to allow ves-
scls or equadrons Of nations nt wnr with any
one Of those subscribing to the treaty TO pro-
vide themselves in their ports with articles
which arc contraband Of war, &c.
While this action was being taken In be.
half Of Peru, Spain having already fired on
the Peruvian Tag, though no declaratiou Of
war had been made, the Spanish frigates en-.
gagged In these hostilitles applied at the port
Of Valparaiso iChlll} for coal, and il intended
conformity 10 the treaty OF alliance above set
forth they were refused, while Peruvian ves-
sels were admitted to coal.
But while the ChtlIan friends Of Peru were
thus involving themselves In difficulty In her
behalf, tho peare party, or "Peruyian Copper
heads" obtained the asecndancy In that gov
crnmcnt, submitted without resistance to
the cxorbitant and. unjust demands Of tha
Span}ards, and thus pusillanlmoualy backed
out Of the war With Spain, paralyzing the
efforts of The allied Republics in their hehalf,
and dissolving the Congress which had
formed SO hrornble an alliance The war
party Of Perm rrbcl1cd agninst the course of
the peace party, and declared war against
both their Coppcrhead administration and
Spain, but they have sunk into petty fac
ton, and their rebellion has apparently
nearly run Its unsuccessful course.
The settlement Of The difficulties between
Spaln and Peru without any declaration Of
war, left the action Of Peru in excluding
Spanish war vessels from her ports, without
legal excuse, as the dissolution OF the expected
treaty Left her without allies
Awaiting herself Of this dilemma, Spain,
through her charge daDaires at Santiago,
several months Hnce presented clhima against
the Government Of. Chill, which were met in
compromising spirit, and propositions were
made and compared; which IL was supposed
had ecttled the dlaeulty nmicably. By a re-
cent steamer from the South, informa-
tlon was brought, however, that
the Spanish Admiral Pare}a had arrived
at Valparaiso in his flagship, the Villa
de Madrid, and that be hsd notified the
, Government Of Chill, that the arrangement en-
tered into with the Spanish charge d'e6atres
at Santiago was disapproved by the Govern
ofSpain, and that he had arrived Invested
with powers, a. the Admiral Of the Spanish
squadron. and also 81 special minister Of her
Catholic Majesty, 10 relieve said charge, and
to demand 1epasa&ion from Chill, which, II
not compiled with, would result in com.
mencenent Of hostilities.
The charges made by Admiral Pareja at
this time tl7th september} were, that '.insult-
Ing cries md threats uttered against Spain in
. tront Of the house oi the spaniah Legation
:Were not sufficiently punished that i news.
: Paper. The So" Martin, had been permitted to
oe nned daily with attacks ON Spain and
spania1os, and TINT the Peruvian war steame
Aea1ond was allowed to enlist mcn and re.
cove coal at Valparaiso, while coal was re
fnsed 10 Spanish vessels because 1t had beer
: made conlrabsnd Of war by Chni.n
d. : The Admiral then demanded i,n1nea,at .
:. payment Of the original claims Of hIs Cover,
ment and salute 10 The Bpan1sh fiae. and !,
detault Of compliance Threatened that hos.Ill
Z. tics should commence within four deys.
The Gillian Government at once furplshed
copies Of the correspondence with Pareja Il
the Diplomatic Corps resident in Santiago
and meeting OF TINT body was held, which
was presided over by Thomas Nelson, Mluis
OF the United States, aud attended by William
Jnylour Thompson of Great Britain, r. Cor.
Of France. Antonio Ferro, HcznojcDcs d.