davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Richmond Whig. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1862-1865, 1865-04-14


n.,;..o o,a
loaoed win iagityeS ana StoIes; @ zen nS ,Ia,
Gao'net Te"cnea tnere III tne S,oe' ", Srtbor
zen; was conveyed 70 the cb had beeu
80, -, =; 10 ;1,I for some bo SS. The last
train ont of Ricbmond. he asserts eas Slled with
S,rovpIers who found a locomotive and some ss=s
Iel, 1sbinh an3 f~nisbed the engineers and fremen
.ro,,,,,.,, rrnopryr prrwrrv r,yyIt1r AND
si'NhNNN
GREENSBORO
he brings iLe information that "nregard teie-
graphed JEFF. Davis, on Tuesday, bat Stoneman
was on the railroad, tearing 1t up ", High Point,
between DanyiIe and GreenoCro giahcy a'
the map wll show the importance 90 thls 70 Lee
Lee gilr surrender wh4; 3. left OF 8 army, and
thus cad BE co1'es. 4ul save -.e ives Of bis re-
naming soldiers.
-, -'. -, -
So Dan . a'-'-N'-D ...D.-' '-N' -
Gen. GcaJy ana st2h lei. Je.ersyl''2 soon al.er
fYe O'clock Z. NJ. yesterday, aud pde 10 TINS
place, 6he-e -s hesd1nsr.er'5 trains d been or
dc-eG % await h.m during tho night, stan ON
Ger ar-i7ed from Gen, ohe7iden's 2dquarte-s
with he glorious news that' SheTida, aided BY
Wrigh:'5 and Humphreys corps, sac 'eded late
in The evening IN capturing thirteen H. sand pr,
soners, several hundred wagons fourteen pieces OF
ar tiiery, and the following general o!ic,r5 Lieut.
Gen. hTe4 and MAJ. Gems. he1ShaH, bartoni
Corso' Dc Bose. Gusts Lee, h1n5on Ind DICK An
dersoo. The rebel army is thought 10 DO prac.i-
C~Iy uiS'n'9gl"'0U'
LIZ O',A,o,' e'-'--.,' 80.
l; iE nov oeheSed INA. Lee caI esc-Pe WIN loops
enough 20 lqstiy any Iur'Hef a''1alpvS 70 ptoiong
Inc EaF' ne - I@4lnS DA-A 'o"o"n@S 'o~"Eos
AynchpIFg n me eHIee'yI ;I, " P@5' io@Hu oUt
columns and get 70 UanV!ls' ga Is gong ous
south OF the Lynchourg roSd nom neFe oy lorceo
marches 20 cut nm on All "orAS 70 o0r ao'"H-
'age' -
-NL
me aI@.nst ana ao"u' =. e1ovlGn.' 10
station. WIN be here in a few days,
HEApcuARrERs, FIFTH AR.fY CoRPg,
Nr,g JETERsyll-r, on DAE7-ILE RAILROAD,
April $3.50 P. N.
-,-, rs7,,, ,,or r7spos-o 70 sEoy ptav7.
7.-..., t..t1o hoo -,+ hoo, c,,,,b, o., l,,
T.. was s1p9oss5 from inforustion reaching M. Or
me f1sicatiops the. the enemy would venture an
oltocE The active nrepsrations uade in such an
ticipa.on have made the day Notwithstanding tho
absence OF general engagement DIay 'nd eA-
citing one IheFe nave oeen marching ana counter
marching Of ihianIrS tne ul('Ii " a"d ITO OF az
tHeryi ana raPlo marching OdcA "Io iOi'n Oi cay
| airy
CONCENTRATION or THE AHAf'
The Second corps Joined rs during the day. The
Ninth corps is in our vicinity: General Meade has
ness io-nigh: for accepting OF renewing battle.
Richmond Whig. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1862-1865, 1865-04-14
PRISONERS.

Among the prisoners are two colonel5, FIVE cap
tains, three lieutenants and one surgeon. Colonel
Clmk one Of the prisoners, is said 70 have been
chief Of artillery Of General Bragg. Colonel Ter
ren the other colonel, was formerly in the United
States service.
Richmond Whig. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1862-1865, 1865-04-14
spI2

Hpa'Es lsr BuIoIDE, SD DIVISION 24TH ARHY CoKFs,}
PRoyosr GUAaD, RICHMOND. Va,
April 7th. 1865.
Richmond Whig. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1862-1865, 1865-04-14
HEADQUARTERS

nrTACHMES7 ARMY OF TIE JAVa.
Richmond, Va, Apfi -, 1888. }
Richmond Whig. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1862-1865, 1865-04-14
ovR LOSSES IN TIE cA7ALRY.

In the cavalry engagement we lost quite heavily.
Colonel Janney, First New Jersey, was killed, and
General Gregg wounded and taken prisoner.
Richmond Whig. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1862-1865, 1865-04-14
LADIES GOING SOUTH.

his wife and two children Mrs. Somers begged
that her husband be allowed his parole to see her
and her children at a safe distance from the army
General Deveus got him a parole Of twentyfour
Honrs. CAPTAIN Somers states that large number
Of women and children were on the tram tnat es-
ned canture, trying TO work their way South.
Richmond Whig. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1862-1865, 1865-04-14
THE cAvAlRY ENGAGED--CAPTrREs

Al the lighting to-day has been by the cavalry.
They captured portion Of General Longstreet's
WAGON train, FIVE cannon and several hundred pri-
soners. The wagons were burned, and the prison
ers and cannon were marched by our headquarters.
The cannon were marked ''Sir W. G. Armstrong,
1861, 4" and have never been used in battle. The
captain who was taken with them bought them in
Europe, and says that he has spent four plantations
IN aid Of .he Coniederacy.
Richmond Whig. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1862-1865, 1865-04-14

HEApeUAETERs, FIFTH ARaY CoRrg, }
NEAR JETERsrLIr, on DAEY-ILE RAILROAD,
April $3.50 P, N.
Richmond Whig. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1862-1865, 1865-04-14
or TuE ARHY.

The Second corps Joined rs during the day. The
Ninth corps is in our vicinity. General Meade has
his headquarters close by. Everything is in relii-
ness io-nigh: for accepting OF renewing battle.
Richmond Whig. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1862-1865, 1865-04-14

spll-ot
Richmond Whig. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1862-1865, 1865-04-14

TIE expected battle has not been fought TO- day.
j. VAS supposed from information reaching u5, oc
The Indications, that the enemy would venture an
attack. The active preparations made in such an
ticina.ion have made the day notwithstanding tho
absence OF q general engagement, busy md ez-
citing one. There have been marching and counter
marching Of infantry, the moyiI 20 and fro Of ar
tillery and rapid marching back and forth Of cav
airy,
Richmond Whig. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1862-1865, 1865-04-14

The aea.her and roads are excellent, The troops
Tild with enthusiasm. Cars running TO Wilson'S
station. win be here in few days,
Richmond Whig. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1862-1865, 1865-04-14

We select from the HeraldS correspondence from
the Army Of the Potomac" the following inter
osting details of the pursuit of the fugitive Coned
crates prior to the surrender
The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1865-10-25

colonies Of Europesn Powers. which require 70
be adjusted before We can be secure Of per
manent peace. We have no desire for war;
but, II it be provoked, England ought to know
that two or three hundred thousand men would
spring up in arms, - BY magic, 70 invade
Canada and wrest all North America from her
rule whenever this government should think
proper to raise its finger. Is By such . congress
Of nations as we propose England and France
can get out Of their difficulties With Us and on
the American continent, and . lasting peace
between The two continents would DO per
petuated. ea sfa.aa aI.f.e. aaeet
The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1865-10-25

FHIIADkLPHIAy q lb00s
Tho fair for the Soldiers and Sailors Home rcg
larry opened to-day and has been visited BY thousands
The scne this evening is gratifying TO all tho friends Of
the wounded in the late struggle The Homo has been
established nearly two years in Philadelphia sheitcrns
seventy patriots but the accommodations arc made
quats 70 the demands the fair held 70 Furnish funds 70
build and endow an institution worthy the object N
viewto furnish homo 10 every deserving soldier and
sailor seeking admission asEell as 70 Vie orphans OF
those who fell Massachusetts and New Jersey are rep
resented at the tables OF the fair and the contributions
In every department arc very full
The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1865-10-25

Qua NATIONAL FnAEcss--THs CoMSo Cow
onzss.- There will be some heavy and deli
cate work required Of the coming Congress
In the important matter Of our national
finances. Tho Louise Committee Of Ways and
The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1865-10-25

JOHN D. HAsKN.--The Hon. Massa Greeley
fesscs TO be surprised that The builder and
fnisher Of the Albany democratic platform
does not appear to take an active part IN the
canvass for the democratic ticket We think,
however, that Judge Haskin can be excused,
on the ground that his Albany platform Is
glory enough for one campaign.
The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1865-10-25

4syoTq or .EAMoT Z ALBANY, Oct M-Mdnight
Only one o. two OF the committee up to midnishA
have como to any definite conclusions In regard TO their
reports Most Of them still in session. and may yot
arrive q some important dccimopa before they adjourn
ItimAy DO considered fixed fact, from Develop
rncnts thus far that radical changewll be made n
regard the mode Of making returns by en- CLASSES q
mannfacturcra A circular upon this point has been
submitted TO the Department 1t washiSston modified "
the officials there and sent TO this Convention. APP
proved hsre-wnich II now appears more than probable
It will belt will be- Immediately promulgated Thig
will hold all classes Of manufacturers TO strict account
ability and materially change not only the form Of
returns but also the character Of the deductions.
paper has been submitted 70 the committee the
gcne provisions Of the law embodying tho views Of the
leading merchants and business Of New York This
document represents the gross Inequality Of the present
law various ways Cnc is by the heavy tax on cotton
and tobacco and the exemption Of wheat, tending -
creste combination between the cotton and tobacoo
growers against the wheat growers Another poine
broached the taxing OF whiskey, the principle thss
the traffic 10 wrong and jusying the wrong By making
pay tax In groatcr proportion. Another objcctiop
those having fixed salaries; for they compelled V
pay the upon everything that they purchase In the
Increased price, and then tax their salaries thus u
reality paying double tax without equivalent lpccase
This document recommends the abolition Of the In
come tax ieyying tax sales In lieu theroof was
submitted 70 the committee and they under the resou-
The Committee MANUFACTURES have agreed 70 recon-
mend the circular sent from Washington changing
which I sss point y i1 ss aasasS :
The editorial In to-dsy's HxaALp on Thuriow Weeds
winding up tho for the next day has created In
tcnse sensation among the politicians here, and given
great satisfaction both 10 the democrats and radical rpub
leans, the latter looking upon Woods boasts OF making
public display Of egotsm unparalleled In The
history of politics ~ e~ -e-t
The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1865-10-25

Tm SfEpEoscorncoS School OF ARr.Thero arc none OF
but would gladly 'slip across the summer Of the
world and journey through foreign cimes were Il not
for equnocts gales and storms the possible occurrence
Of which mars from the outset the pleasures Of tho trip
visit that can DO paid within the space Of ninety
minutes to Great Britain Spain, France, Germany and
the Orient glance at the works OF art that adorn the
walls Of the Louvre view OF the old churches OF Rome
glimpse OF storm at minus the peril Of shpwreck,
held In greater favor by the general public than the
ty du ncnds In which but the privileged can
indulge As IL is the lifeke fshfulne Of the photo
bred square feet will readily content tho venture
some than the perusal Of dry books Of travel and u
pleasing 10 that the entertainment given every even
Ing at the church corner Of Grand and Crosby streets lie
meeting with good In addition 10 the exhibition
Of large collection OF at home and abroad, new
graphcd nightly and the picture magnhed, being shown
the canvas on the The stcreoscopticon en-
tertainment commences at eight o'clock.
The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1865-10-25

SoRrH AMERICAN LLOYD. "A proposition 70 start new
steamship line between New York and Bremen Is before
the public and has already received tho support Of
largo number of our most Influential merchant Better
and moro rapid commun casions between this port and
Bremen absolutely required, and the impulse gvon
renders the csiabshment OF such line necessary, and
lie perfect sucoess 81 oil matter Of conjecture
The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1865-10-25
THE TAI eoHyEHTlOn.
Msstx.g Of Internal Rovenue Assessors
-. X is 1t AlbyDy.


~ g g as s5 1...r o.. "a 1905
The United States Internal Revenue Assessors from
the New England States, Now York. New Jersey, and
portion x those from Pennsylvania and Ohio gathered
hero to-day. Tho object OF the meeting appears to Do
for the purpose of making such recommendations 70 the
Congress the practical application Of the present
INV has rendered necessary TO mako II moro uniform
md simplify its working. s,r ~ ..sfe .4- e~
:. preliminary meeting held . the Deisvan House
this afternoon and tho general business OF the Conyen
ton marked out and the numerous committees agreed
upon The delegates assembled in tho Assembly Cham
Der At O'Clock this evening, and formally osga
mixed BY the election u Mr. Chas Hudsoa Of Nasachu-
sctts chairman, with two secretaries md vice presi-
aepts Tho following resolution. general eaSds u
tho business Of the body, was then adopted
Resolved, That tho proceedings and delfberstoa u
under the existing E.cise laws q lie United ana
such suggestions may be deemed judicioss FOR NE
practical working OF the law.
The adoption Of this resolution settles the question:
which many supposed would Be acted on hsre-thas T.
changing the entire basis OF the Law " abolishiag
licenses and incomes and subsuuung thess Tor ssnssl
saics This out on BY the resolution end te
debate which that resolution revealed the fase
that there Is wide difference In the Interpretation Of
the law in tho different distcts and thAt sfar from
benin equal In its application In dbrens locasa me
phrasooogy OF the law was declared so equivoca ihas
It's meaning is held TO be thing n one dstric apd
another by some other assessor. Tho question, how.
evsr.of amending this pbraseolou met with consider
ablo opposition those taking that side being anxious
that the deliberations should BE- confined 70 agreeing
upon uniform Interpretation Of tho law a. stands
Several committees appointed to oonder areport
the session tomorrow upon the various points Of he
law; committee spirits on cigars on licenses o.
manufactures on lnoomes frauds and the best man
ner Of detecting thcm, stamps gross cpts and
earnings, petroleum and rock oil. dead men and
general provisions Of the law Nothing said -
70 tie duties OF ths committee dead mon--whctherk
was for the purpose Of declaring that person can
legally dio without attaching stamp to his laaa
breath, that the delegates anticipated general raA
road slaughter their route home and desired COM
mittcc to take charge Of the killed and wounded.
Several questions presented for consideration
and referred to the committees, whom the Convention
adjourned, and the several committees immediately
tired to prepare their reports. - -
About sixty delegates wcre present. nearly every ons
Of whom had special point 70 press upon the Con-
vcnnonL .s'a % - = ~ - 4 i-'e
Letterswere read from Commissioner or0n and Deputy
Commissioner Rollins approving the object Of the Con-
xvcnton - ssiE $3.50 g
The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1865-10-25

DloaAsA or EUROPEAN scxSxax-of The many exhit
tions OF the kind which New Workers have been priv
legged TO admire, Herr Nicola Mcisers Diorama Of Land
scapes In Northern and Southern Europe now open TO
the public at the Broadway Athcnpurn, opposite the
New York Hotel, may Justly be pronounced the finest
Tho artist whom Mr.. Absolute imported from tho-con
tnent two years since has evidently sketchod bis
masterpieces OF scenic art from nature and the sklfu
mechanism by which the changes of day and night
brought bot add 10 the truth OF the pictured or The
tdbledux exhibited three call for SPECIAL mention.
Mont Blanc at dawn, at sunset and In snow storm
painting worthy the close study OF connoisseur The
view Of valley in Switzerland when the clouds clear
away and disclose the capped peaks OF the Jung
s.su, was no los: remaikeplc ihan ~ redecssscs
Tyro al dawn and by night with the lights reflected IN
tho blue depths Of the lago, was also received with
mefcd paudts An interesting descrptiys lecture and
musi performances important features OF the en-
tertaurent which will DO repeated nightly until fur.
thef notice ts.
The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1865-10-25


are In Hamilton Ohio, yesterday, destroyed tho 81.
,ans,ve voolen factory OF Shutter iennnghaher ana
s,isb,iv damaged tho plough works OF Owens, Lane
Dyer \ co. Loss, $4,000; Insurance, S2ooVo.
The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1865-10-25

BETTER THAN CALIFORNIA 0csp.-It is not alone for
gold that indebted 10 California. Rich she IL
in precious metals she has produced galaxy or stars
that nightly make hundreds of eyes twinkle with msn
menf. The San Francisco hnstres, At their neat and
sommodous Temple Of Momus and Cornus In Broadway,
opposite tho Metropolitan Hotel are among the most
amusing and attractive performers In the city
They have become established favoritcs with own
people, Just the famous Chrisys Minstrcls were In
years gone by and strangers in pursuit OF pleasure have
half Of New York unless they and hear jolly
Backus, the irresistible Birch, wambod and Bernard,
and the rost Of the bright particular ebony planets Of
Hellers Hall ~ 4saa y - .-aNt / r.i
The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1865-10-25
NEWSPAPER CIRCULATION,
Receipts or Sales or the New York Daily
~ Newspapers.
.-l OFFICIAL.
NOTICE.
--~-~~~~~~es~>->>-~><~--~~~-~ Hsa Il. alsf
Now York Herald Building.

Now York Herald building.
TO MAsoSs, IRON, MARBLE AND DORCHESTER STONE
.4re7s,5r 3 WORKERS. .r
Proposals win BIO received until Monday noon October
80 Fircproof Burning to be erected FOR the new
YoRg HERALp EsTsmisssisr, Broadway, Park row
and Ann street.
Pans and specifications mas DO seen and examined
at tho Office Of JOHN KELLUM, Architect, No. l7e
Broadway.
The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1865-10-25

ru,s.s ofAoavsrnsf Horton, az Inniars.
- : - .--1-',9 y. at. CnSzrnA1A, Oct "a, 1852
a..,.,ch srosn fndanapois says that Governor Nor.
tc hss hsd ysIruss pnd n lying vvsy I'll with ncu-
tisn' ana Il shfsxteusd With paralysis ~
The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1865-10-25

TONY PASTORS OPERA HOUSE, POI Bowcry.-sIsg
ING, DANCING, BuRLKsQuKs. 6c.-OLD DAME 6kiMEs Ma
tines half past O'Clock.
The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1865-10-25

SAN FRANCISCO MISsrRELs, SIS Broadway, opposite
Metropolitan Hotel--EralOrIAs SINGING DAscSa. 40
ErGLIsH CAPITALIsrs on A LARK. M
The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1865-10-25
.a-rTl rr,TTF-fI1FYftVT sroIrf Frrs

et ~ffTts #fNf~ .aIw vSs M4eI
4tJTH Fl a14 4 y
esat e.ss ie4.
The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1865-10-25

- WnrrEwAsn. The poets Of the Post, with
atheir eyes in fine phrenzy rolling" designate
Mr.. Seward as the great Whitewater. ~
The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1865-10-25

DonwoRrH HALL, 500 Broadway.-B.wD rOs's PIANO
The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1865-10-25

on one side-in favor Of the rebels. The gov
eminent, the members OF the government rs in.
dividuals and large portion OF the governing
class showed hostility both In their language
and acts The building and fitting out Of
armed ships 10 destroy our commerce, In the
face Of the world, when the most ordinary
vigilance would have prevented 1t, did not
evince neutrality, nor did the subscription to
the cotton loan by the prominent men Of the
country. No, the animus Of all this Is too ap-
parent. We cannot be deceived by after pro-
tcstations.
The indemnity we claim for the ravages Of
the Anglo-rcbel pirates Is not the only or
greatest consideration with Ms Our honor, the
dignity Of the nation and . great principle Of
international law are in question. England, too,
is deeply interested in the principle involved.
Indeed all nations are; for II revolving peo-
pie are to be recognized a. belligerents i'm
mediately they commence rebellion uni
versal anarchy would be the result Such q
covert way of destroying national life
would jeopardize the existence Of every ma
ton. We suppose the British government
would not like ms to initiate tn example In the
case of the Fenians. Let rs have the principle
established, then, a once and forever. Let
our claims be settled BY arbitration II they
cannot be settled in any other way. And
then let US have congress Of nations to deter
mine the principles Of maritime law in such
cases, Of belligeront rights, and what consti-
tutes neutrality. There are questions also
affecting this continent, in which we have q
paramount interest, as that Of Mexico and the
relations we are to hold with regard TO the
The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1865-10-25

MACMILLAN SHOWING Hs TEETH MAXI
milan, under the impression tina! Juarss Is NO
longer on the soil of Mexico, has issued . man.
festo Of determination against the armed adj
herents Of the republic This may, however,
prove dangerous experiment; for, II we are
not mistaken, the republic Of Mexico is still
recognized at Washington.
Bradford reporter. [volume] (Towanda, Pa.) 1844-1884, 1865-10-19
TRIAL OF WIRZ.

Benjamin F Lilley, of Pennsylvania who
testified for the defence, was the principa
witness examined before the Wirz Militar,
Commission Friday. He was transferred
from the stockade to Wirz's office, where
he acted as a clerk He had never known
Wirz to shoot or beat men so that they di-
ed, though he was cross and excitable, but
knew of his condemning as unfit for use
provisions sent to the prison, and threaten
ing to have the senders court martialed.--
This witness made some statements regard
ing the heartess and cruel condnet Of the
| rebel surgeons, and testified to the vaccine
matter being impure. He had seen men
die in the prison pen for want of food, and
the majority were suffering from the same
| cause. He had seen one of the doctors
strike men III the face with his heavy pis-
| tol merely for talking to the guards, and
| another steal the buttons off the clothes Of
a sick prisoner Numerous instances were
given of the brutality of the man Duncan,
one of the prison guards, whom the defence
introduced some days ago as witness, and
who was locked up by order of the court
on charge of inhumanly treating and kill
ing prisoners. Duncan appears to have
| been kind of adviser for Wirz, and sug-
gested to the latter different forms of pun
| ishment and torture forthe national soldiers.
Bucking and the ball and chain were Dun
cans prescriptions for men who spoke in
| favor of President Lincoln.
F. W. Hille, who was also prisoner at
Andersonville, was produced by the prose
cution to impe ach the evidence of Reynolds,
| alias Ross, alias Fecmor, who testified for
the defence on the 4th and 9th inst, and
told the wonderful stories about the busi-
ness activity in the stockade. Mr. Hille
said that Fechnor was a gambler and sut-
Ter in the prison, was known by all as a
mean man, that he would cheat his com
rades out Of all they had, and that he refus-
ed food to dying man because they had
no money to pay for it.
There are indications that the trial is
drawing to close, both the prosecution
and defence intimating on yesterday that
| they had only few more witnesses to eX-
anime.
During the Wirz trial on Saturday an al
/ tercati0n between counsel arose which the
court was obliged to terminate. The evil
dence on both sides was declared conclu-
ded, and an adjournment for two weeks
demanded by Mr. Baker to prepare the pris-
oner's defense The court refused to grant
the application, and adjourned the Commits
sion until Wednesday next. Mr.. Baker
would not accept any period less than two
weeks