Daily Ohio statesman. [volume] (Columbus, Ohio) 1855-1870, 1865-08-25

vOur country IS at peace. NO one believes
that there is danger of civil commotion or
OF foreign war. Our gallant army of white
soldiers is being rapidly disbahded, and
they are welcomed to their homes amid the
grateful plaudits Of patriotic people; but
the fact that large armies of negro troops
are retained under arms, should excite to
vigilance and awaken the anxiety OF every
citizen. ,.,.. .-......... -.- ... ...t.. ...,...
The war is over; the Supremacy of our
flag is acknowledged over the entire Fede-
raldomain; there is cause for rejoicing over
the brilliant deeds of our soldiers, but there
is also reason for rayeapprehension as to
the future. The roar OF cannon, the clang of
arms, and the shouts of victory are no long,
er heard; the CONSUMPTION has ceased; the
hurried tread of our young men on the
pathway to war, no longer startles our wo-
men and children from their slumbers; but
the Union, the grand and only justifable
obje It OF the war, the only object for which
our soldiers .fought-the Union is not yet
restored, and dangerous and powerful eff
fort is being made rbyl lprofessed friends to
exclude certain of the States from repre-
sentation in the Federal Legislature, and
thereby prevent the restoration of the
Union. y. .,,,,,-,., o., .,,,., M . ,..t,.... . .,
"The Union" does notmean any given ex-
tent of territory held under arbitrary rule,
until those States are represented in the
FederalrI Legislature, as provided by the
Constitution, there can be no Union. .'s
War has performed its part; the soldier
has nobly discharged his duty, and let us
take good care that his blood has not been
shed in vain; the e-insurrectionary armies
have surrendered their munitions to the
Federal authorities, and resumed their allie
glance to the Government Of the United
States, but the restorationof the Union to
their position and rights under the Consti-
tuition, Is not yet achieved, tor i 20 IHrh
Upon this vital question, our, fellow-citi-
zens of, the Republican party are divided
among themselves, and majority of Chat
party in Congress will oppose President
Johnsor's plan for readmitting to the Ma
tional Legislature the Senators and Repre-,
sentatives from the Southern States. The
President declares that he is In favor Of leav-
ing the question of recohstructing their
State Governments tostbe citizens OF the
Southern States, in the exercise of. their
Constitutional rights 'l sad nH1lrI .l.sj
Our Government is not consolidated
empifedlike that of Russia, Austria or
France; nor monarchy like that of Great
Britain; but we have a Union composed Iof
States with coordinate, powers and lco-
equal rights. TheStates formed the Union,
which are distinctly specified, and, in the
Language Of the Constitution, "all powers
not delegated to the United States, nor pro-
hibited to the States, are reserved to the
States, or'the people," The Federal Gov
erAment derives its power from the Consti-
tuition, and possesses no lawful authority
which is not granted by that Instruments
Congress may admit new States, but has no
authority to expel a State from the Union.
Nineteen States represented in Congress,
have not the right to exclude represents
tives from seventeen, and'if not from sew
enteen, they cannot exclude the representa-
tives of one State. g54E.
The powers of the States, as States, being
coordinate, and their rights co-equal, one
State cannot exercise powers or enjoy priv
ileges to which every other State Is not
equally entitled. -
Thus, every State is entitled to two Unit
ed States Senators, no matter what may be
the locality, or how small the population.
And the Senators from a majority of the
States cannot exclude Senators from a mi
nority of the Estates, without thereby vio-
lating their constitutional rights.I
The six New England States, with apop-
ulation halt a million less than that of the
single State of New York, have twelve Sem
at6rs, while New York has only two. And
the State of Ohio has a greater population
than five Of the New England States, and
vet they have ten Senators while Ohio has
but Nor will we complain of the fact
that one citizen of New England exercises
five times more representative power In the
Federal Senate than does citizen of Ohio,
uniess that great disparity power be used
to ,subvert the very rights which it was
created to protect, But we are told that
the people of certain OF the Southern States
have been I'm open insurrection, and that
thereby the States Ia which the insurgents
livedhave forfeited their political existence.
1t is true that the people of the South, at
first in small numbers, afterwards major
ity, did rise irNinsufrection, But havetney
not BEEN terribly punished for thisifault?
In their slaves alone they, have lost two
Thousand million dollars. Their lands have
been ravaged; their houses have been burn
ed, and the region in which the war was
waged has been converted into charred
wilderness, Can Justice, nay not Justice,
but can human vengeance demand more
than ntliiep And where, let us ask, Is the
provision, in the Constitution, which de-
clares that a State shall forfeit It's political
existence--its rights under the Constitu-
tiof, because q portion Of all Its citizens
have been insurgents2 No such power ex-
zoo g. bT3i5l3fdli ,H0SH0AL 'HHq