The south-western. [volume] (Shreveport, La.) 1852-1870, 1865-08-30
Brazil.


and Guiana; bounded on the east and northeast by
the Atlantic and possessing the immense range of
coast from beyond the Rio Grande South (ahout half
way between Rio Janeiro and La Plata and the Am
az0n The territory within these limits has been
timated by some at 500nC0 and by others at about
5000 900 squire miles. azil indeed, IS nearly as
large "a Europe. But more than one half OF 1t is IN
possession Of independent indians who are not included
in the account of the population.
Brazil was governed in much the same way as the
Spanish colonies until the year 1903, when KING joan
VI fled from Portugal to escape the power OF Bona
parte, who had taken fancy to his domlnlons. lie
warmly received by the Brazrlans; nor was their
JOY misplaced for he Immediately set about freeing
the territory from all the marks of colonial depend
ence. The press made free, newspapers established,
and the ports thrown open to traders OF every naou
and everything done to promote education and indus
try. In 1915, also Brazil was created an independent
State, although annexed to the crown OF Portugal
In 1877, some democratic instructions brcke ont in
Pernumbuco and although suppressed discoten still
continued until 1921 when it vas announced that the
Portuguese constitution to be conferred on Brazil
Before this however King joan had sailed for Portugal
promising his departure increased pay to all his ofh
GERS and soldiers But when he gone, it waN found
he had carried off every arhing that was in the treas
ury having also raised immense sums by means OF
treasury bills. The public indignation at this diScoV
err together with the suspicion that he intended again
to reduce Brazil the condition OF yiceroyalty, Oc
casionpd a general call for his son Don Pedro, who
had been left regent, to become the head OF the
government independent State. This he readily
complied with. In 1928, he proclaimed emperor;
and in 1925, his title and the independence OF Brazil
were acknowledged by his father Then followed the
war with Buenos AyreS respecting the Banda Oriental
which, at it's termination in 1927, LETT the country
destitute OF all currency but paper. This excited
much discomfort About the time, the abolition
of the Portuguese constitution by Miguel excited the
suspicious OF the Brazians that that event was only
| the pre de to similar occurrence in Brazil; or did
the language and department of Pedro tend at all to
allaY their fears In April, lo3 the nation had be-
come divided into constitutionalSts (3fazllIaBs) and
abs0utiss Portuguese}; but attempt having failed
to induce troops declare the emperor absolute,
he all appearance joined the constituonaSts. His
measures aud conduct however, continued so equlvo-
! cal that in March, 1881, manifestations OF popular
excitement broke out. The extreme igor he eXer-
cised on this OCCASION and his subsequent vacilaon,
increased and incensed his enemies more and more;
and in the April following, disturbances broke out III
which many persons killed Pedro Immediately
announced change OF ministry; the pubilc remoh-
strated against this but he remained resolue; All in
surrection which the troops joined, the conse
quence; aud morning Pedro abdcated in favor of
! mis- infant son. Pedro III, and embarked from Rio
JaneIro board OF an English ship OF war; carrying
with him immense treasure in diamonds and Jewels.
4 permanent regency appointed TO manage the
government during the minority OF the emperor but
political storms have ceased to lower upon this
/ house, Instructions are by uncommon in
RraziE some recent nroads of the Indian tribes have
been attended with much loss OF lite and property
The city OF Para taken in 1896, but afterwards
/ evacuated. Bahia likewise captured by rebel
army of Indians and others, but wrested from them
By the imperial troops with great loss both sides
This occurred so late March, 1898. A seri-
InsurrectiOn has recently broken in the pro-
vince OF Rio e aade. The imperial troops were re-
peatedy defeated, and that portion OF the country has
declared its Independence. Iha. this will be main
! tanned, is quite uncertain.
To describe infinitely the physical characteristics of
so a egion that Of Brazil would carry far
beyond our limits. Generally speaking there is not
on the globe finer country, blessed with more
genial climate more fertile soil; happily di-
versihed ith wood and water, with abundant and
navigable rivers; more famed for its produce OF
gold and diamonds. Nearly the whole ot the most
highly valued productions of the earth raised with
in its territory. The land rises by gentle gradttions
from the shore of the interior the height of from
three thousand feet above the level Of the
At this elevation within the tropics, the climate is tenn
perate, and European fruits and grains raised in
abundance. The intervening valleys have warmer
temperature, and consequently are extremely farora-
BILE to the growth OF sugar, coffee, cotton, and every
description of tropical produce Magnificent forests
oyerSpread great part of the interior The trees are
closely interviewer with brushwood and shrubs and
covered with creeping plants adorned with the most
respleudent flowers, thus mp8rng peculiar and rich
appearance the scenery. These forests abound in
valuable woods, adapted tor every purpose or which
apply them They are also the abodes OF nu-
HefDnS Nlu animals, dNu OF all llulLe variety VI
feathered tribes The climate in the neighhorhood OF
the Amazon, and in the northern par-s, is hot, but
ameorated by the humidity Of the atmosphere; in the
southern regions it is temperate and, in general,
healthy. The principle rivers the Amazon, Madei
IA, Topayas, Nngu, TOcantinuS Negro, ST. Francisco,
Paraguay, Parana, and the Usuguay.
Brazil IS rich in mineral treasures, especially in gold
and diamonds Gold is found in the beds of the most
of the rivers that rise in the INTERIOR and almost all
the towns were founded by searching for gold
kn$ To- fpryt tho mi
eral riches. They first accidentally discovered
about 1870 There are several large mines of nitre
and IRON, but sih er IS found Salt is extremely |
abundant but being government monopoly, it is al
ways kept very high in price, most absurd regulation
in country where it is much required not only for
the use OF man, but Of cattle poaltry, sheep, and
other animals, and for sailing meat. The commerce
of Brazil is very extensive, especially with Great Brit
ain. Though aboIng under the curse of beng
sIayeholding State-l condition Of things incompati
be with sound institutions-Bsil is yearly improving
in circumstances and exhibits very satisfactory svmp
;oms of commercial prosperity. All that it requires
exteriorly is liberty to trade on equitable terms with
Great Britain, where its produce Of coffee and
OF coffee annually, and this could be greatly in
creased. Braz is well known being the best South
American customer OF Britain particularly for cotton |
goods. At present its imports from the United King
dom amount TO about 9l,Ou,000 annually, and be
tween SO, 90 and 5000 tons of tsh shipping are
engaged in the trade, chiefly in connection with Liv
erpooI On Brazil coffee dutS of Is 81 per lb. is
now (184D charged on admission market while
West Iudla coffee is allowed to enter at Cd per lb-
This prepOsterouS preference greatly injures trade
with Br4 I'll and forms serious the consumer |
BAIL sugar is practically excluded, from similar
cause The trade with France the United States, and
other countries, being the increase it is not unlike
" that Britain may soon lose Brazil customer for
her cotton and other manufactures The imports into
Brazil from the United States during the year S35
amounted to So 1856, bel chiefly -four; from
France to the extent Of fJ07 $50 Tie whole i'm
ports in Brazil may be estimated G6, 100000 The
exports, consisting Of sugar, cotton hides, coffe to-
bacco rice, leather drugs, dye-woods Inda-rubber,
GOLD dalnnnAs are estilnaed at ch 600 0 o of which