The Kenosha telegraph. [volume] (Kenosha, Wis.) 1860-1888, 1865-10-12

In Indian corn, Connecticut, naturally as
poor as Massachusetts must evidently have
vastly improved on the quality ofsol by tillage.
to raise more per acre than we produce on the
virgin prairies of Illinois. Connecticut has
market at every waterfall. Hence her soil is
enriching. South Carolina on the other hand,
has European market-bence her soil is vast
ing and her population decreasing. Why does
Ohio produce most rye Rye forms the bread
of the working man and is the basis of a manu-
facture of wbiskey. Ohio, in addition to her
own population, has the mining and manufactu-
ring population of Pennsylvania to supply with
in this respect in the position of Massachusetts,
in respect to the nearEess of her market for rye,
while in other crops we have seen, her product
is decreasing. There remain, therefore, but
two States wherein pewnass of soil produces a
larger crop per acre than nesrness of market.
These ar Iowa, in oats, and Texas in potatoes.
| OF course, in few years the exhausting mode
OF farming will soon transfer the superiority in
these two crops to States having mark cts within
themselves. The reason for this increase of
(! fertility as the producer approaches the con-
sumner, and vice versa is indicated in the follow
! ing from the American Encyclopedia TART. Ag-
ricultural Chemistry
'It has long been settled fact in agriculture
the greatesr return from the soil is generally Sc
cured not by continuously growing one plant,
even though it command the highest market
price but by sn alienation or rotation of crops.
There is no difficulty in cultivating any agri-
| al,
years on the same ground, provided enough be
expended to put the soil into the right physical
and chemical condition But such procedure
| is usually more expensive than alternating the
crops When a light virgin soil comes under
the hand of the farmer it yields good crops fer a
! few years. but then subsidies to low state of
| productiveress At fret it may have yielded
crop it may still give fair crops of barley; the
next year if put to turnips or potatoes it may
seem to recover its fertility somewhat, and pro-
duce good burden ofroots: but now it would
not yield again good crop of of wheat. though
| probably clover would flourish on it, The
| causes of such facts lie partly in the soil and
partly in the plants themselves; as for ibe soil
its composition and texture are perpetual y
changing. The quantity of organic matter es-
pecially rapidly dunnisheE when the soil is un-
der cultivation. and the soluaole mineral matters
are, in most cases, removed by cropping faster
than supplied by weat5ering or disntegration.
AS for cultivated plants, practical men have
classed them &C cordng to their demands on the
soil, as follows:
EnrlchiDg crops, clover, lucern and esparette
Non-exbausting crops, peas, beans; also cereals,
when cut green. Ehxsusting crops, cereals, beets
turnips, carrots and potatoes Very exhau-ting
crops, tobacco, fax. hemp and hops Among
the causes of he ferent exhausting effect OF
various plants, are the following IL. Differ
eDt extent or structure of roots and leaves
The enriehing crops expose TO the air an eiJor-
nous amount of foliage. and throw cut very
Iong, large and numerous roots. The cereals
have much less leaf and root surface. ? Dit
iefeu' rapidly of growth. Glover and root
crops continue in foliage during the whole sea-
son. while the cerals ripen in July or August.
B. Periods or causes of growth; seed, proouc-
ton. Plants which ripen seed requires better
soil than those which only produce foliage, be-
cause the rapidity OF assimi alton seems to ill
crease when the re- producing functiJn comes
INTO activity.
Plants which ripen seed may require a richer
soil, not because they remove more from il, but
because they need more in given time.
4. Sumo crops are entirely removed from the
SOIL as fax; while others leave the ground
filed with an enormous mass of roots, as clover
strewn with stalks aud foliage, es the potatoe
and beet
5. The quantity of ash ingredients removed
from the soil by dffernet plants is widely IN
like. In the light at the above statements, it is
easy to see that when d soil refuses to yield re-
munerative crops OF shallow rooted and quick
growing wheat, it may still produce "a luxurianI
growth of deep-rooted, large-eaved aud SOW
growing clover"
The principle of rotation of crops arise, out oi
two facts:
L. Some plants draw from the soil diff.rent
elements of fertility from those required by orb
ersi and, I'd, some plants derive d far greater
portion OF their growth from the a'm, sphere IN
proportion 20 that derived fr IN the soil.
pepper system of rotation Of crops being in
dispensibe to the cultivation of laud wItnout
exhausting its fertility, how d. the Massachu-
chetts and Illinois farmers compare ID their
eblty to practice rotation OF crops rhe bull
kler the crop the surer the NJ issaena sets t,rm-
sr ID Of d market price.
For ms; ance, hay unpacl ed cannot be en-
market IN ethan five mites ar Iu1d T. r..
may be ent say by rail loo nlies, by vac.
25O But If the prooncer has a market wuiiu
q of tta
enee between treighting his crnp five miles and
2oo' win a portion OF this difference he eau
purchase guano and manure, or practice sub-
soling, drainage, lime manuring aud green ma.
nurng, aGd still underseiI every conpe titor N
his market
The ouikier the crop and the higher ii J
freight on 1t the less is the competition and the
greater his command of the market. Hence his |
lands steadily eRrichiug. On the other hand |
in Illinois where the vast population srouod |
him are all engaged in raising and torw arding
precisely the same crops he is producing, be
nas no market except for those crops which ali
who i've between him and his market cannot
anoid 10 raise. tie has she resdum OF the mar
<et which remains after all the producer. living
between him and tue consumer bav- had tbe,
1rst pick and choice. TIE Illinois fsrme there
ore completes in the Chicago market with H.
iiana, Iowa and Wisconsin In tue New York
market he completes with the whole Uniteo
states, giving ali the Eastern ID iddle ana
" estern States, except those still farther wesi
han ourselves the preference. Bat when IN
wheat goes 30 Europe he completes with the
FhoIe world, and every English, French, Ge,-