The New York herald., 1865-10-05

will remain associated, and the great mass OF the
negroes will remain in the Southern States These States
now forward and accept the total abolition Of
Of slavery Of the results OF the In their State
constitutions, which being remodeiled, every
State will acknow dge this fact and will insert an arti
Gle prohibiting slavery henceforth and forever Having
this they claim all the rights guaranteed to them
their own citizens shall be entitled to the elective fran
chise and the right Of controlling their domestic
affairs Shall they be allowed these PRIVILEGES or shall the
general government in violation of the constitution and
in violation OF repeated declarations 10 its purposes In
prosecuting the war; assume control OF these mattersS
This is now almost the only living issue between the
great political parties OF the day. The democratic party
witch entire nnanimity, declares in favor OF allow
ing TO every State the exercise of all powers
not delegated by IL TO the general government
Now that the freedom OF the slave is univer-
sally acknowledged this party willing that the States
where the freedmen reside shall pass such laws they
may deem proper for their education and support large
portion OF the opposition party vors having the general
government assume control ofthese matters burhcnng
our people with the support Of million paupers, and
complcatng in the settlement of questions with which
VIC have no constitutional right to meddle. The argu
mens used to convince Northern people that II is the
duty OF the general government to this great
sponsbiy, while the States willing and desrous of
relieving the government from II, are based first upon
the assumption that soon the government with
draws its protection great cruetcs will be inflicted upon
the blacks and secondly that the States will pass
laws reducing the again condition little bet
ter than state Of slavery believed that all
the humane and kindly impulses implanted by nature
the heart of man confined to particular section
OF country firmly believe that the sight of human
suffering calls forth much sympathy in section of
OF systematic cruelty will be practscd in any sec
ton OF this country towards any Of Gods creatures That
will be found necessary pass laws for the
mcnt Of the blacks do doubt Laws musAbe passed
to provide for the maintenance Of the old and nrm and
ior the support aud education Of the young That so,
lated cases OF injustice in the treatment of the blacks will
occur do not doubt that unwisc laws may be
passed is not improbable; but confident less inns
tice viii be done the blacks well as the Whites If the
matter left in the hands Of those most deeply inter
csed The labor of the black is an absolute neces
sity every Southern State Now that he is Free self
deavor to make him cheerful and willing la
borer Having acknowledged his freedom, humanity.
patriotism and sell interest will combine induce the
statesmen Of the South adopt such laws with reference
to the negro as will be best calculated to promote his in
terest and the interests of society But suppose that
distressing the Southern people, we take into
Hands the appalling task of regulating the relations be-
tween tho employer and cmployehe task of providing
for the INDECENT educating the young nnd compelling all
10 labor who are able but ndisposed TO do so Aside
from the heavy burdens it will impose upon usasde
from the contentious and bitterness TO which VIII give
rise In Congress and among our peopleshall we not be
likely TO commit as many errorsto perpctrate as many
acts OF njusticcas would be perpctracd under the
state authorities? Look at the working Of the institution
now in operation for regulating the affairs of the freed
men You often read accounts ia the newspapers as to
the condition OF affairs in certain localities. You are
informed aboit the prosperous condition of a
few schools established for the benefit OF ne
gro children-of the readiness with which they
learn their letters, and of the ardor with which they
sing patriotic airs According to Of these accounts
the negro children are far superior To your they
mutter The alphabet in their sleep and spend most of
their waking hours in invoking blessings the head Of
General saxton and other distinguished public men.
To many presume this Is pleasant reading matter and
IT may serve 10 convince some people the great problem
is already soved-that through the efforts OF Saxion
ard his co-laborers four millions of ignorant and de.
graded beings 10 be suddenly elevated and be-
come educated refined and patriotic members OF society
Yon seldom hear of the cases where the freed
men have laid claims 10 the lands OF their former
tcrs, and have quietly informed them that they hold
title under the United States government and have per-
sisteny refused to do anything but cat oer and sleep
They fail iacl You of the where just the har
vest was teSDmmence, every hand has suddenly dis
sea to GcT 'hs he ed Sng hey ne SGfs fail to "a.
you Of great bands OF coored people who leave
their former homes and congregate in the
cities and villages settle plantation without per-
mission from the owner, seeking only food and utterly
careless of the future On the very day that left vcks
burg poor woman with complaint that at
least ty negroes of whom she had before
seen, had settled her farm and eating the few
she had laid aside for winter use Our sympathics
due TO the white well the black race, though
we have no constitutional right to control either The
dcuiues surrounding this question can only be met
aud overcome by practical men. II Is easy matter to
thcorize on the subject: to point out the evils likely to-
res IL from the policy adopted by the President; but il
will be found far more difficult 10 suggest any other
method not likely result in still greater evils General
Howard VINO stands at the head OF the Freedmen's Bu
rean Is man OF great purity Of character and will never
sustain system which he does not think productive
Of good and yet after carefully observing the opera
tions of that bureau am convinced that evil than
good viii result from perpeuating " after the States
have adopted constitutions prohibiting slavery. Each
STATE s placed in charge OF assistant commissioner.
II is made the Of the department commander 10 de-
tail such officers and soldiers these ASSISTANT commits
sioners may require ~ the discharge OF their duties All
questions between whites and blacks 10 he adiudi-
Gated hy IN officer or agent Of the bureau. This of
course rqurcs that officer agent shah be
toned n each county or Al sas, ihai hey sha he 50
dsifipoa a. ~ be accessible ~ an the inhabitants.
llcsc g'temcn VINO are - 80 ridges N matters of
dnsTcrrr between tht arr usually lnflcnanis
u I'd flom ~ y. ineri- ~ du'y u ~ state Each
Ihost hiutei.-af 81 @t1t a. 'ne may teas" - term
hm. has tisguafd sna gusfd ~ couinissry osiab
tshneLt. tAr hew ~ IL arrival y nB section of The
rouuty sprcads vith Rondoril fapIdiiy.
Fro has grc' ar,c against hs employer or some
9th whic pcfson; he cnicrs his complaint,
wntc man or WAtc ady 10 appear bclora him and con.
front his her accaser The usual forms adopted in
our courts of justice 70 ascertain The facts in the
are GiscaItcd In Somc the accused u nj
released IN others he Is fined twenty. nfty hundred
dollars The iudse collects the fine aud usually for
wards il 90 his superior be used deffayng the
pons- of the Institution. fhe negro goes home stop
ping az each plantation and detailing the particulars of
tie case to other freedmen Haf The negroes in that
section are al once seized with desire 70 see the Yankee
military Judge aud 10 how their old masters
mstrosses would act being brought before him. Com
plants made against the kindcst and best people
tho country The immediate result Is dependency and
anger ON the part Of the whitesdscontcnt and inso
lence The part OF the blacks Here is n young man
officer and often not possessing single qualification
Tor the discharge Of such duties upon whom
dcvolye greater responsibilities than dcyolve upon
the Justices oi Supreme Courts; for he not
only acts Judge but also sheriff and clerk ana
from his decision 4 is seldom appeal can be made.
In my remarks upon this bureau do not wish 20 reflect
upon any Of the officers connected with II. Generally
theV are earnest aud sincere men, aud are doing all in
their power to make II successful II e. OF the system
speak, contend that II is utterly foreign 10 the prn
cplea by which our people have been governed that il
cannot continue And yet II appears 20 be the only
method that can he devised for regulating these matters
providing the task OF regulating them Is To devolve
upon The general government During the past few
months have enoved good opportunities for studying
the character and disposition o. the freedmen and the
workings Of the organization designed 10 protect them
have become fully convinced that the policy adopted
by the President uf leaving To the respect States the
entire control OF Their local affairs the only safe policy
that can he adopted You have been told by one Of
the journals Of this city that ! much ANNOYED
the of the President with regard 10 the or
ganizaton OF the Mississippi militia and that this was
Of the tlat induced me to ign my commits.
sion IN the army and accept nomination Tor civil Office
As my letter consenting 70 accept such nomination
written PRIOR to the action o the Prcsicent that
question and OF the conditions of acceptance
the endorsement Of the policy of the President this
statement seems now unworthy of notice Regarding
my position in the army-as have always doneqmply