The Shasta courier., 1865-01-28
SHASTA COURIER.
slave and Free Labor--The Diaerencs.

oA&'S ahaN n &C AAUVIeo uC OluCICuCCs
Maryland and Massachusetts are of the
original States, about the same in area. In
soil, amount of arabic land, climate, and
coast advantages; nature favors Maryland
most. One started slave the other Free How
did they come out In 1860 the population
of Massachusetts was /, 100000; Of Mary
land 687 600. The same year the assesse !
value of property in the free States was S776.
100000. In the slave, $l54, 900, 900, includ-
ing slaves. In 1859 Massachusetts, produced
from her versatile Industries, S266, ,0OO 900; ;
she consumed S141 100000 worth of raw
material. and had employed 2lo,ooo male
and female operatives. in LOO establish
ments. That year Maryland produced artl-
cles to the value Of but $40, 500, 900, on
capital of $5l 500, 600, and with AZ: 900 ope-
ratves, male and female. In Maryland I'M
proved land is worth an average OF 30 per
acre, in Massachusetts, $50.
{. Let us take Virginia and Pennsylvania Tor
another comparison of the merits OF the two
systems of labor They are both of the orr.
ginal States. One has encouraged free, the
other slave labor. Fifty years ago Virginia
was the most populous. She is by over 90
900 square miles the largest, has the best
climate and in natural resources IS the supe.
rior of Pennsylvania. She has as much coal
and iron, more water power, ana PETER nat
ural shipping ports. How bave they come
out? In 1850 Virginia had l,420,oOO popu-
lation, Pennsy lvania 2.3il ,O00. In Iooo
Virginia had 1896, 900, Pennsylvania 3,0o0,-
O00 In 1910 Virginia had ten and third
millions acres improved land, worth 80 per
acre; Pennsylvania eight AID two-thirds
millions acres, worth $50 per acre.
nd in lin
Is4O) SS, 100000
Valse Of land in Pennsylvania. 60,OO0,O0O
The difference in favor of free labor was
$l72 OUO. 900, or nearly two-thirds. making
No allowance for the smaller area of the free
States. In 1860 the cash value of farms in
PENNSYLVANIA was S662, 100000 in Virginia,
S37I .00O, ,OO0 Virginia was assessed for
only $3.50. .OO0, 900 Of real and personal pro
perty, including slaves, Pennsylvania was
assessed for $50, 600, 900; and while the
whole productiue industry Of the slave State
that wear reached but $5l eco 900, including
slaves and agriculture, the free State footed
up 1886. .500, 600. We conclude our compari-
son of the two systems of labor, by introdu.
cling the following paragraphs from the New
York Post:
The Southern States, if we include Mis-
souri, and Kentucky, have an area of $751;
sos square miles; the free States have an
area of only 6l2,597 square miles. The
South has a mider climate, shorter winters,
far more fertile soil. immensely greater
mineral wealth, more abundant natural wa
ter Communications with the sea, than the
North. Yet in 1860, by the census, the total
value of the real and personal property of the
free States was 81. l6l .0Sl, ,00e greater than
that of the real and personal property of the
South, including three millions Of slares. But
in 1860, according to the census of that year
the total value of real and personal property
in the free States wos 1861 los, ,26S greater
than that of-the South. The wealth of the
free States, excluding the territories, was in
1850, in rovnd numbers, nine thousand two
hundred and eighty-seven millions; that Of
tho slave States including Missouri, six
thousand six hundred and thirty millions.
In 1889, Charleston had not a single ship
carpenter In 1855, Governor Wise, of Vir.
gnia, said to his people:
'.Commerce has long ago spread her sails
and sailed away from, you. You have not. as
yet dug nsece than coal enough to warm
yourselves at your own hcarths you have
set no tilt hammer of Vulcan TO strike blows
worthy Of gods in your own iron foundrcs :
You have not vet span more than coarse cot
ton enough, in the way of manufacture, to
clothe YOUR own slaves. You have no com
merce, no mining, manufactures. You
have relied alone on the single power of ag-
rculture, and such agriculture! Your sedge-
patches out.iinc the sun. Your inattentiOn
TO your only source of wealth has scared the
very bosom Of mother earth. Instead of
having to feed cattle on thousand hills, YOU
have had to chase the stumptailed steer
through the sedge patches to procure a tough
becfsteak. The present condition of things
has existed too long in Virginia. The land
lord has skinned the tenant, and the tenant
has skinned the land, until all have grown
poor together. Stockton fNdcpeadent.