davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Bradford reporter. [volume] (Towanda, Pa.) 1844-1884, 1865-07-27
HOW TO CHOOSE A COW.

On this subject the Working Farmer
says There is always some risk in buy
ing COW, Of whose previous character
and history we know nothing, for there are
no ltalliblc signs of excellence \ rough,
course, iIl-shaped cow is often noble milk
er. Yet there are a few points generally
agreed upon by experienced farmers which
1t Is we'll to consider before purchasing, \
small boned head and light horns are bet
ter than large. Long legs make too wide
a gap betwlXt ndder and milk pail, and
long legged cows are seldom quiet feeders.
but wander about too much. 4 slender
rather than a thick neck, straight back,
wide ribs and broad briskct. are to be
sought for. The body of the cow should
he large III proportion to head, neck and
legs, though net excessively large and
the hind quarters if large out of proportion
indicate good milking qualities Medium
sized cows, all things considered, prove the
best mixers for the amount of food thew
consume. The color of the hair has prob>
ably nothing to do with the milking qu.ali-
ties, and good looks should be regarded but
little iii purchasing dairy animals. As to
the color of the skin, bright yellow, APP
preaching that of gold coins, creamy color
within the ears-this and good rich milk
are very apt to go together and, withal, a
soft flexible hide, loose over the ribs and
rump, is also to be sought The udder
should be large, soft, and full of veins,
which rapiiy over it, with full sized milk
veins, stretching forward along the belly
and the teats be large and not crowded to-
gether. Test the cows disposition and in
qure about it. Irritable and nervous cows
are unpleasant to handle, and almost al
ways scanty mixers. Something can be
aScertained from the looks and motions
Large, mild eyes, easy, quiet motions when
driven, and gentleness when handled indi-
cate good nature. What butchers term
good handling is an important quality in
a milch COW, for it indicates not only good
milking properties, but easy fattening, when
services in the dairy are over"
Bradford reporter. [volume] (Towanda, Pa.) 1844-1884, 1865-07-27
OOLORING CHEESE.

The color of cheese sometimes exerts
greater influence than the flavor, in secur-
ing ready sale. Most people reject pale,
light-colored cheese and choose those that
have a golden color like rich cream, as this
is supposed characteristic of an excellent
article. A light colored cheese may pos
sess all the richness of one that is as yell
low as gold indeed, they may be both
alike in quality and still the golden-col-
ored one will be pronounced best, and COM
mand the highest price. SO much does
good color enhance the value OF cheese IN
most markets In order to secure the de-
sired color, it is customary to employ An.
natto, but it may be done without. Let
the curd remain in the vat, spread out as
much as practicable, until it is of the right
temperature to be put into the hoop. BY
allowing it to remain exposed to the atmos-
pherc while it is cooling, instead of dashing
cold whey, or water on it-as is sometimes
donc-the rich creamy color may be seCur-
ed without the use of any coloring matter.
BY this means, all the good flavor and rich
ness will be retained whereas, when the
curd is washed, more or less of the valu-
able portions of it are removed by the
whey. If the curd be exposed to the air
in this manner, the cheese will be of uni
form color throughout Then if cured with
care and the rind kept smooth by not allow
ing the outside to dry faster than the inside
shrinks, a small quantity of annatto ap
piled to the surface will impart a very good
color to the exterior.
Bradford reporter. [volume] (Towanda, Pa.) 1844-1884, 1865-07-27
CLAY LANDS CRUSHING CLODs.

If farmer could plow all his land at lust
the right time for it To crumbe down most
readily, there would be no use for clod
crushcrs. When there are several acres
plowcd, and the weather continues lrv from
day to day, much of it will often become
so dry that it will turn up i'll large cIods, in
spite OF all that can be done. When this
Is the case, 1t becomes necessary to make
use Of the roller and harrow, alternately,
until the hard Jumps are reduced so fine
that the rain will disintcgrate them. If
manure be hauled out in the spring, when
the ground is wet wherever the team poachcs
the wet soil-if it is heavy loan. or cal
Careous clay-thcrc will bc more or less
cIodS, as soon as the soil is plowcd and
where the team passes several times i'm one
place, there will often be 50 much lumpy
earth, that it will hardly be practicable t.
get mellow dirt enough to cover hill of
corn But the fault is not in the farmer,a as
his teams and vehicles must travel over the
soil, whether it is wet or dry even when
the soil is thoroughly underdrained, and in
a nigh state OF fertility, it will plow up i'll
Jumps. 1t IS sometimes utterly impract-
cable to pow large field at the best time
therefore, since clods and Jumps are una
voldabic, we must adopt the most cilcctual
and econ 3mical way TO pulvcrse them.
When hard and dry, they are very difficult
to crush with any Implement but soon at-
ter a heavy shower Of rain, when the soil
has dried sufficiently to prevent adhcrine
to the roller, or crusher, they may be re-
duced to powder very cflectually. Let
harrow follow the roller to bring up the
cIods that are partially buried, and roll the
second time. If the roller be applied at
the correct time, clods will give but little
trouble Where there are Jumps between
rows OF corn or potatoes, the best way to
dispose OF them is 10 turn out all hands.
with axes, clubs or mauls. and crush them.
y blow applied with the fiat side Of an ak,
VIII do the business as cffcctualIy as any
thing. When weeds and grass are small,
tins practice VIII be fonnd almost equal to
a dressing with hand hoes. When 2 field
is not underdrained, and is excessively wnt
and heavy animals have been allowed ~
travel over it, we must expect hard humps
when ii is plowed
Bradford reporter. [volume] (Towanda, Pa.) 1844-1884, 1865-07-27
Aaritmltmral.
HOW TO CULTIVATE HOED drops.

The aim should always be to dig or tear
up as much grass and weeds as possible,
and pulvcrize and stir all the soil between
the rows at least two or three inches deep.
In order to do this eflectually, the teeth OF
the cultivator should be adjusted to run be-
tween the rows in the narrowest places,
without disturbing the growing plants. The
handles of the cultivatOr should extend
back of it sufficiently far T. enable
the man holding it to see distinctly whether
the last tooth, as it passes the hills do not
cover or cut them up. Thus he may run
the implement so closely to every hill a
long one row, that very little labor will be
required with hand hoes. When he retu us
between the same rows, the cultivator
should be run as close as practicable to the
next row.
1t is essential in using any kind of a cul-
tivator that the horse be well guided. If
he go in the right place, it will be easy to
hold the cultivator so as to perform the
work WELL but otherwise the work will be
done in such manner as to require much
hand hoeing Where the ground is not
strong or lumpy, if man be good driver,
he NAV run the rear teeth Of a cultvatOr
DO closely to the rows of Indian corn, sor-
ghum, broom corn, beans, etc, that mellow
earth will be turned just up to the plants,
completely covering all small weeds and
grass. When cultivated in this manner,
unless there are many large weeds TO cut
up, two hands will do the hoeing well, as
fast as one can run the cultivator When
the implement goes jumping and skipping
along, while the horse is two or more feet
from the proper place, it will require four
or five faithful Iaborcrs to noe as, fast as
one man can cultivate In order to do this
work well, the teeth should always be kept
sharp and bright, 50 that the earth will
slip from them freely. When the surface
of the teeth is covered with much rust
they should be polished on the grindstonc
and oiled to prevent rusting, if to stand
idle for day or two. This will save time
and labor
Bradford reporter. [volume] (Towanda, Pa.) 1844-1884, 1865-07-27
WORKING AND PACKING BUTTER.

One of the causes Of bad butter is the
habit which some dairywomen indulge i'll
Of leaving their butter unworkcd for a con-
siderable time after churning. Every hour
that the buttcrmilk remains in contact with
the butter, after churning, is an injury it
cannot be freed from it too soon.
The grain of butter is often spoiled by
too much working on the other hand, if it
is not worked enough it will be spoiled ;
the process therefore requires much atten-
ton.
1t is hard to define with accuracy what
we mean by the grain Of butter, but every
one knows whether butter looks or feels
greasy or waXy. When it has the appear
ance of wax, we say the grain is good and
the more it resembles wax in its consistcn-
cy, the better is the grain. The more
greasy it is in appearance, the more we
say the grain has been injured. In order
to free butter from the milk with the least
injury to the grain, it should be gathered
into an egg-shaped form with wooden
butter ladle, without touching it with the
naked hand it should then be gashed lon
gitudnally around the whole circumference,
making the channels lowest at either end
of the transverse axis, 50 that the milk can
run readily away Pressing the mass to-
gcther, SO that the PARTICLES are compelled
to slide over each other latcrally, as when
putty is worked, and mortar is tempered,
must be carefully avoided, under penalty
of spelling the grain,
Butter machine workers have failed of
success chiefly because of the pressure,
which causes a rubbing motion of the par
ticles upon each other they mash the but
ter without properly working it, | have
no doubt however, that the mechanical III
genuity Of oar country will yet supply
form of this much needed instrument, which
will relieve dairywomen of the heavy labor
Of working it by hand. without injuring the
grain.
1t is not easy to work out all the butter
milk at once it is, therefore, better to set
1t aside after the first working in a cool
place for twelve hours during which the
action Of the salt will libcratc more of the
buttermllk the first process should then
be repeated, with the same precautions
against injury to the grain it is then ready
for packing. | need not tell the dairymcn
OF this county that no packages save oak
en- tubs are fit for butter, nor that the wood
from which they are made should be thoro-
ughly seasoned They should be prepared
by pouring boiling water into them, in
which they should soak for twcntv-four
hours they are then to be filled with strong
brine for two or three days, after which
they should be we'll rubbed with fine salt
when they are ready to receive the butter.
i S. GOuiES 4ddreaS
Bradford reporter. [volume] (Towanda, Pa.) 1844-1884, 1865-07-27
SUGGESTIONS ABOUT SUMMER FALLOWs.

a few years ago, most farmers in our
wheat-growlng regions, thought that i'll or
der to rise good crop of winter wheat, the
ground must be well summer fallowed.
The ground was plowed usually about the
first of June, and then narrowed and plow-
ed alternately until September In some
instances, it was plowed six, but usually
three times and those who did so fancied
that they received ample remuneration in
an increased amount of grain for every ad-
ditional blowing But, when the ground
was broken up late in June, or the former
part of July, and plowed only twice, as a
small number of CultivatOrs were accus-
toned to do, the work was pronounced as
'only half done y and the difference be-
tween the crops where the soil was plowed
five or six times and only twice, would oft
cn Justify such remark Thus it will be
perceived, that the soil yielded only one
crop IN two years, or as it was then term
ed, two crops III three years." as oats, or
Indian corn, followed by wheat, and then
a summer tallow, or grass. In some in
stances, three crops Of winter wheat were
raised i'll succession. AS only limited
quantity of manure of very inferior Quail
lty was made, summer following seemed to
be essential to the wheat crop. There was
not that demand for pork, beef and mutton
that now exists Consequently, only a
small portion Of the coarse grain Of the
farm furnished any lcrtilizing matter bv
making manure while fattcning stock. The
great bulk OF the manure was Of a Strawy
character, and only increased the already
too large growth of straw There was bat
little granl-produciug material in it, The
good effects OF summer following began to
fail. The straw was often large enough TO
yield forty or fifty bushels Of excellent
wheat per acre while there would some
times be not more than ten or twelve
Every year the heads were growing. light
CT and shorter, and the kernels smaller and
smaller. Consequently those who were ac-
cuStomod to rely on the wheat crop for their
revenue, were i'll a gricvous dclemma. This
was clean farming, but low culture while
scientific, progressive agriculture requires
high cultivation and fertilization in close
connection with clean farming This is the
certain tendency of summer following. 1t
Is good for wheat, temporarily but bad
for the farm, and worse still for the farmer
permanently. Summer following in the
way alluded to, will produce greater
yield OF wheat, for year or two, than anv
other system of management but. at the
same time, the productivencss of the soil
will be impaired in a greater degree than
10y some other system of management,
which will always keep the soil good. and
at the same time, produce rcmmcrating
crops from year to year.
Bradford reporter. [volume] (Towanda, Pa.) 1844-1884, 1865-07-27
ANTS IN GARDENS.

We have known these pests to be so nu-
merouS and destructive as nearly to ruin a
whole garden. They completely honey
comb the walks, and become annoying be-
yond measure. \ French gardner named
GARNER, announces that he has discovered
remedy for them, which is simply to place
near the places infested with the ants, sane
erS containing mixture of sugar and wa
ter, with fair sprinkling of arsenic-a
t te1dh OF the weight Of the sugar and water.
lhey are very fond of sweetened water, and
help themselves freely; but in little while
they are seen staggering away some fall
ing down dead, and others again, (fresh
comcrs,J dragging their dead comrades
away. So ef1ectual was the dose, that the
entire colonly disappeared the following
day.-GeTmQato1ra Telegraph
Bradford reporter. [volume] (Towanda, Pa.) 1844-1884, 1865-07-27
Gar0mare,

HARDWARE coDDING & Russell
LARGE AND WELL SELECTED STOCK OF G01E
To which additions daily being made, wH.cH l.4
offer cheap for Cash. large assortment Of
COOKING STOVES,
Among the many desirable and beautiful patterns '@
CELEBRATED AMERICAN.
This beautiful stove Is unsurpassed for economy
fuel is perfect baker; is the best COOK STOVE
the market. Among thsir haatiGg Stoves NAV l"f
great variety suitable for every place where stove, 81
used.
STOVE PIPE AND SHEET IRON WORN
Always on hand and made to order.
TINW RE,
large stock manufactured from the very best maer
and by experienced wOrkmen. very tu assortment
IRON. MAILS AND STEEL
At New York prices.
HOUSE AND CARRIAGE TRIMMINGS,
TOOLS FOR THE FARMER,
Tools for the House Joiner and Carpenter Tools 10
Blacksmiths' for everybody.
WINDOW SASH AND GLASS, PAINTS. OILS AM
vARNIsHEs, MACHINE oil AND BENzoLE,
KDROSENE OIL, LAMPS, WICKS AND CHINNEl'
Betting, TABLE and POCKET CuriEa..
BRITANNIA AND PLATED WARE
Pumps, Lead Pipe, Chain Pumps, It1i@
Pipes, Grindstones and frinr@
KERosE sENELAN NrERNs
JOB WORK done with dispatch. Lamps repa'E:e 3.
Fluid Lamps and Lanterns altered and fitted to '"t" ~
rosene.
Grain, Old Iron Casting and Wrought Scraps CgPr',
Brass Britannia Beeswax, Feathers and Rags t"A'"
exchange for goods. r.
Highest price in cash paid for Sheep Pelts ana
Rs- OUR GOODS have been purchased on 'he F''
down system and will be sold for READY PAY.
JOHN A. CoDDING, CoDDTxc & Russell
c. :. RUSSELL.
10
Bradford reporter. [volume] (Towanda, Pa.) 1844-1884, 1865-07-27

MEDICAL ADVICE GIVEN GRATUIFOUsLY AT
The OFFICE.
Charging only for Medicine.
asThankfu for past liberal patronage would respect
fully announce to his friends and the public thatno pain
shall be spared to satisfy and merit the continuance of
theircontdence and patronage, at the
CA S H D r U G STORE,
Corner of Main and Pine streets
Bradford reporter. [volume] (Towanda, Pa.) 1844-1884, 1865-07-27
furniture.

$4,000 SG %9hIH s1EE 4T OF FrFSIrras
F. N. PAGES wAREROoMs, AT Arup,.
Having added largely 10 our former inu,r.,
Furniture both OF onr own and EnsteIp r,', s''r,
We are better prepared than to serve ,,
toners and as many new ones as will favor ~ e.
call "ha.
Mr.. A. o. HART,
(WhO is known far and near as one Of the io.
men in the wOrd) has charge OF the esisbIy S,'i
and all who will give a call will soon be ri'eu
that they will save large percentage by makjTgrt
purchases of us. . 'l+t
In short we have the nest stock Of good, in o...
west of New York, consisting of " '-,
100 SETS PARLOR FURNITURE
At prices that will defy competition "a,
F.N. PAGES,
so CHAM BER SETS
Various styles of Enameled or Imitation u p,..
ana Chesnut, and solid Chesuut, Black Walnut a W..
any and Rosewood, at prices IRON S2j 90 b s3l, nj
for variety Of design and fiuish cannot be "
any other establishment, and all 10 be found al
F.N. PAGES,
SOFAS AND REAUs
ATF. N. PAGES.
MARBLE TOP CENTRE TABLES. Ar
F.N. PAGES,
EEXTENSION AND DINING TABLES. AT
N. PAGES.
Z $50 DfFFERENT STYLES or CHdIRl
Froms$4 ,OO.to $780, 90 per set at
F.N. PAGES.
500 BEDsTEADs, a GREAT VARIETY,
And lower than the lowest, at
F.N, PAGES.
Why is there such rush at our establishment for Fun
iture The plain reason is we have the best a,,.y
ment "a better bIass OF work, and are selling AT hi.
prices than can be found withing one hundred nil
US and to he convinced call at
F, n. PAGES.
The most OF our Furniture made and bnugl., r
yiOus to The late advan: in prices and will be ,,E
for on firkin Of butter 100 bushels of oat> o
cords OF wood than they could four years ago IT,.
at
+, n. PAGES.
Wshave also a. large stock OF
MIRRORS,
PICTURE FRAMES,
PHOTOGRAPH Ovl.
CORDS AND TASSELS,
STEEL ENGRAvIyGs.
OIL CURTAIN,
CURTAIN BANDS AND CORNICES,
WORK BOys,
TOILET STANDS,
PICTURES &. 81
+. \. PAGES.
Everything in our ne that can be called for waa
found at
F. n. PAGES
COFEINS AND BURIAL CASES.
Our undertaker's department will at all time, he #,
supplied with everything in that line. We hgyea
( finest HEARSE in this section not excepting agyt.r
west of New York and will attend funeral, will
circuit of twenty miles, on reasonable terms
/ \. 0, HART, Agent E.&.Psb.
Athens Pa December !, 1864.
Bradford reporter. [volume] (Towanda, Pa.) 1844-1884, 1865-07-27
GHEAPNESS, STYLE AND BEAUTY.
Is YoER TINE TO
YOUR CLOTHING CHEAY AT YOUR OWN PRICES
PROCLAIM IT To TIE PEOPLE

PROCLAIM TIE PEOPLE,
Just reCeved-a large stock of Fall and Winter Cloth
ing at j. CORN'S ElmiYa Branch Clothing Store He.
Says coolly boldly and deliberately, that he takes the
foremost of the Clothing Merchants Towanda
Eighteen hundred and siXty-one has come and the
light ana. beauty OF Spring shines upon us with all it
radiant splendog. shall continue to sell Clothing for
Cash, cheaper thaa any other man. my goods are all
bouAt cheap for cash. and they will be sold cheap for
casa.
NY goods are all manufactured in Elmira, therefore
can warrant them well made. Enough for me to say
have everything IN the line of
CLOTHING, GENTS FURNISHING GOODS, HATS,
CAPS, &C. &C.
That is kept in any other Store in town.
Tins Is free country therefore it is free for all to do
their trading where they do the best regardless
the cross and sour looks of old ogy merchants invite.
you 10 come and see mecOuntry well the city
nvitedevery person. rich poor high or low bond or
rec are invited to call.
Al JOHN SHLAMS Clothing Store, next door TO II. =
Mercur Dry Goods Store, Main Street, Towanda Pa
N BWe wish to be understood that we are not to be-
uEderSold by any man, combination of men,
IS No charge tor showing our Goods.
IoWanda, March II, 1862 J.CORN
Bradford reporter. [volume] (Towanda, Pa.) 1844-1884, 1865-07-27
Ncms Room.
NOWLES & cos NEW BOOK STORE
NEWS ROOM AND EXPRESS OFFICE.

NOWLES & CO.'S NEW BOOK STORE.
NEWS BOON AND EXPRESS OFFICE.
all in the Post Ohice building Main street dire
ly opposite the Court House. They have the larges
and most elegant assortment of
BOOKS, STATIONERY, MAGAZINES, PERIODICALS
SINGING BOOKS, SHEET MUSIC, LITHO,
GRAPH ALBUMS, DIARIES,
FOR 1864, &C, &C,
to be found anywhere in the country They are cop
stantlg receiving from New York and Philadelphia Al
the late and most p0puia. publications OF the day dree
from the press such as HarpeT.s Monthly, Eclaca
Magazine, rebellion Record, Godey's Ladys Book, Pc
terson Magazine. Scientific American, Gleasons Liter
airy Companion, Dime Novels, Song Books, Comic Al
manacS, and News Papers: also the Daily Tribune,
Times, Herald, Journal of Commerce. Sun, Ledger Mer
curry, Clipper Boston Pilot, &c. &c.
On their counter may be found the following late and
highly popular works just issued from the Press Gen
BUTLER in New Orleans Beyond the lines, a Yam.
kee prisoner loose in Dixie SOundiugS from the Allan
tic by Oliver Wendai Ha.ma2 Triumphs of the Bible
by Tulledge ilOuadabagt taSetS by lLacaery; The
Amber Gods by Prescott Shoulder Gtraps b5 MoEoTd
Freedom and War, by Henry Ward Beecher The Res
son Why; Leaflets OF Masonic Biography Our Homes,
by Hawthorn ; Three years in Japan Stories of tn.
Old ana NsW Testament Social Condition of the Eng
sh People Tie Sioux War and MaSaacisa of 1862 anl
1863 Letters to the Jones' by Titcomb Alice of Mo-
mouth Lessons in Lite by ritcomb Recreations of
Country Parson My Southern Friends by KirE
Among the Pines, by Kirk Journal of residence on
georgia flahtatloh canoe ana the saddle by NlnthrO
In the ShoE Case may be found the finest assortmeT
of superior
GOLD PENS,
ever brought to this market Beads for the Ladies OF
all sizes and coors Port Monnies, Pocket Diaries for
1861 Bank Note Reporters and Description Lists de-
scrbing all the couutertes and broken bank now
atioat in the country,-eyery should have one
They also have the largest stock of School Books ever
brought TO this market, which they offer at very low
figure for cash.
Our Express runs to WaVerly every morning (Sundays
eXCepted) and returns every evening carrying Exprea
Goods. The hour for starting from TOwanda is 81
the morning, and returning leaves Waverly at o'clo
p. M, on the arrival of the Express from New York
Any Books or other matter published can be ordere
through us promptly.
We pay special attention in sending and receiving
Soldiers packages TO and from the army.
A. F. COWLES & co.
Towanda, Dec. 5, 1868.
Bradford reporter. [volume] (Towanda, Pa.) 1844-1884, 1865-07-27
fantp GOODS, Mt.

EANCY GOODS & DRESS & CLOAK
MAKING
MRS. l.. NJ. TAEER,
Informs the Ladies and Citizens, ofFowanla and yicn
l. ity, that she has opened. at the late stand OF Miss
Darling door south OF Patchs Grocery Store Main
Street,
FANCY GOODS STORE,
which she will keep well supplied with assortment
of the most Fashionable Goods to be procured in the
New York market Great will he taken in select
ing the wants alike, of the most fashionable as
OF the most plain ana acGn9mca
u r f s s G CT O 4 n II 4 K / N g
in all its branches will be done by competent exper
fenced persons, reasonable terms.
The atten tiOn OF the pubic generally is solicited to
my stock Of Goods and facilities manufacturing with
an assurance that no pains will be spared to deserve and
secure their patronage.
STITCHING done oo E sewing machine, to order
Also STAMPING neatly dong.
TONAnda. Dec. |. 1864.