, 1865-10-24

nFOIcr machinery III OEuaA4 VI toE eWaQctp1-
led blacks, not only in this country, but also
In the Old World. Recognizing the truth
that the hrst step toward the amelloration Of
their social and political condition. must be
their Intellectual and moral education, they
determined TO make systematlc efforts to
arousc and enlist the sympathy and active co.
operation OF all friends Of the oppressed, for
the accomplishment or that object. They re-.
solved 70 make the Frcedmcn's Union the
successor Of those great agencies of benevo-
leuee during the war, the Sanitary and Chris
Ian Commissions. They propose to make
the organization Of, the Union na- extensive,
complete and cooperative IS that Of itspre-
decessora mentioned They hare already re-
ceiYcd the !. assurance .7of ths ac-
tiyc aid Of the most earnest and deyoted
Is every reason to believe that they will be
successful in this undertaking. II the gen.
esal appeal to: the benevolent which they
arc about making, meets with the expected
response, 1he South will before long undergo
another Invasion that will rcroluiionize It's
society even more than the loyal armies, and
solve the question Of the future OF. the black
race decisiyely. A host Of the most effective
agents Of civilization, school teachers, Will be
sent all over the South, and made 10 labor
wherever slavery has LEFT Its mark Of iguo.
rance and degradation. Then, IN the course
Of few years, the redemption of the freed.
men from the traces Of their bondage viii be
wrought, and they will be fitted to take their
places tn the ranks Of the nation rs citizens
fully understanding their duties as well as
all their rights, and, while fulfilling thc for.
mer, Claim and eventually secure the latter.
The aid Of Congress in this great work will be
invoked, and will undoubtedly be granted by
the Republican majority.
Gen. Howard, in q letter to the Phlladcl.
plia meeting, urges, In the strongest language,
a general na1ional effort, such Us Is contern-
plated ~ the Frcedmen's Union, for the
physical, Intellectual, social and moral i'm
proremcut Of the blacks Of the South. One
Of the reasons for the necessity of such q
movement, he states to be, that the power Of
of his own bureau is 80 limited as TO be of IT.
tie utility. This will, no doubt, surprise the
public An Impression has indeed prcraI1ed
that the powers and means Of the Freedmen's
Bureau were great and abundant--in fact that
the former were rs comprehensive rs military
law in time Of war, and the latter identical
with Tie resources Of the government. This
L. fur from being the case, IS will be readily
seen by an examination Of the law OF Con.
gress establishing the bureau. 1t provides in
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-A "'
en~a oe us ~ acuA.te.
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"a W uuanuoaco 'a''us auo tn1 eoa.lo'o. ln
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E'ese - eunonoo. 1us 1lus1 w 20 y, 'as
congressional e''actn's''1 feiale pi.nsapati1 10
me appointment ano COMPENSATION o1 eae
commissioners ano the Asslslant tonh"is'
stoners. The Only additional authority grant,
Cd IN other SECTIONS OF the Ia" Is 70 Inc eueet
tnat tne secretary o1 har may Nfeet Issues
OF provisions, clothing aud fuel 1or the relief
OF destitute refugees and freedmen and Their
wives and children That any mil
itary officer may be detailed and assigned
to duty under the act without increase OF
pay and allow ances, and "that the commits
sioner, under the direction Of the President,
shall have power 10 set apart for the use OF
loYal refugees and freedmen snch trnets Of
lands within insurrecttona1y States as shall
have been abandoned or to which the Uniled
States shall have acquired title BY conf1sca-
tion or sale or otherwise, and to every male
citizen, whether refugee OF freedman. there
shall be assigned not mora than forty acres Of
such land, and the person to whom 1t WIS so
/ assigned shan be protected In the use and en-
joyment Of the land for the term Of three
| years, at m annual rent not exceeding sir per