New-York daily tribune. [volume] (New-York [N.Y.]) 1842-1866, 1865-04-13

group a. surely ~ tho same creature sssuns the
different forms Of horse and rsce borse. ACCORDING
b.otsmiths arm grows SiSe. and the skin OF labor
ers hand thick as saIel a. the ere tend. 70 bceLs
long sighted In the sailor and short sighted In the
student a. surely as the blind attain moro delicate
80 nse Of touch; surely CleTk acquire rhpidv IN
writing and calculations ~ surely a. the mo'.oas
learns TO detect an Of semi tone amidst ~bst
seems 70 others n very babel o spundsl - surely a.
passion grows by indulgence and diminisbes when
restrained as surely ns isregarded conscience be-
comes inert and one that obey ncve as surely as
there 10 any efficacy In educational CULTURE "i ey
meaning In such terms as haoit custom n,.,
surely must the human faculties bo NEEDED INTO oup'eN
6tneas Tor the soca state surely must Inc hinge VIC
call evil and immortality disappear ~ sniei! must man
become perfect.
Social States is an s,temp, towork out the eth
les Of mans social relations Assumne'he op'ee'
living be the happiness Of the individual F" seeks
TO ascertain the lava which that happiness may DC
secured. This tie author finds 10 be " the per'co'
law OF liberty tho freedom OF every man 10 do Ill
that be wills, provided he infnnse not the
equal freedom Of every other man. we cannot
attempt 10 givo here tho various convorging lines
of invincible reasoning by which this CONCLUSION
i, illustrated and established: tho steps Of one OF
the trains Of argument may however DO briefly
indicated.
II il held by all religious s,hcrs and 10y every
writer on morality that human Wsll-bcng Is IN &C.
cordsnco With the Divine slll. and it may, there
fore, safely be considered as al admitted truih'
But this we-beina or hsppinenis certain 'ate
OF consciousness which is affected by impressions
or sensations. Seasa are received through
what are called faculties II is certain sinan can
no, soc without eyes, equally certain 10 1t that he
can experience no Impression any kind unl"ss
he Is endowed with some power fitted to take In
thst impression; tina. is q faculty. All tho mental
states which no calls feelings and ideas arc afec-
,ions Of his consciousness, received through the
faculties. But under what circumstances do tho
faculties yield those sensations In which happiness
consists The reply il, only whom they arc exer-
cised. IL is from their activity that oil gratifica
ton arisos To the heAlthful performance of zach
function Of mind or body attaches . plcasursbls
feeling and this plcasursble feeling Is obtanablc
only By the performance OF the function-taat Is
lby the eIerciss Of the corelative faculty. Every
faculty in turn affords it's special emotion, snd the
sum OF thees constitutes happiness. Now II God
will, mans happiness, and mans happiness can
only be obtained through the exercise Of the facu-
ties then God wills that man should exercise his
faculties; for duty tho fulhlment OF tho Di'
vine will But the fulhllment duty presnppos"s
freedom Of action. Nan cannot exercise his facui-
ties without certain scope. He must have liberty
TO 90 ard 10 come 20 feel, u speak, 70 WORK, 70
get food raimont shelter. and TO provide Tor each
and al, of the needs OF his nature. lie must DO free
to do everything which 10 directly or indirectly
reauis for the due satisfaction Of ovsry mental
and bodily want. Without this freedom, he can
neither fulfill his duty or Gods will. lie has d.
vino authority for claiming the liberty OF the eIcr-
else Of the faculties and therefore has the rigtf to
that liberty. This. however, 10 tho night. not OF
ono, but of all; all are endowed With facui'ias-a
Mr., bound 10 fulfill tho divine will by exercising
them; all, therefore. mnst b free 70 40 those
,h,ne. In which the exercise Of thcsc faculties con-
s,ss. Thst 10, ell must have right 70 liberty OF
action And hence there NECESSARILY arises a lin
itation for IL men have ike claims to that fire.
dom which 10 needful to the exercise OF their isoul-
tics thea mus, the freedom Of zach be bounded by
tho similar freedom Of al. The sphere Of exist
euco into which 10 are thrown not Afor ling room
for tho unresrsinod activity Of all, and yet al pm
sessing, In virtue Of their constitutions, similar
Iclams 10 such unrcsrained activity, there Is 10
course but to spporion out :he unavoidsIle re-
straint equally. Hence the general proposition
that every IN IN may claim the fullest liberty to ex-
ercise his faculties compatible with the possession
Of Ike liberty by every other man.
Having reached guiding principle, our author
proceeds TO the systematic application Of II to the
various glasses and cirQSmstances OF people In the
soc al state. lie considers the rights Of personal
liberty; the nigh, TO the II the earth, the nights
OF property, the rights OF women, OF children, Pc
lnticL rights. the rights Of property In ideas and
character, the Constitution and duty OF the state;
commerce, education religious Establishment, SAM
tary supervision, and vAnous kindred subjects. In
the treatment Of these subjects 10 holds ineIoably
his first principle, end arrives at many CONCLUSIONS
TO which bis readers will no, be prepared to s.."nt.
II Nor does the author complain Of this or expect that
tho opinions which no reaches will BE- generally
accepted A perfec; system Of equity 10 the result
toward which society is tsndins-morc perfectly
realized now than formcrly-to BE constantly
striyen for though at present far from being CON-
pletely sttAinsble. In connection with thus point
Mr.. Spencer obscryes
When we see that Institutions impractinnble In one
ago hfve fourshed In subsequent one; and that wst
we're once salutsry laws and customs have lccnrie
repusnaIt ~e may shrssdiy suspect that the Like
with the state Of and things which ct present
gives TO certain proposed principles appearance OF
imprscticabilify may, In coming age NJ longer cid
Ind tbose principles that secm - well adapted "
our social condition. may then no longer bofnobuc
with It. Unless therefore. assume thst human ma
TURF although hitherto vsrabe Will henccforh remain
nxed-a somewhat uhwaunntsblc assumptior-Ne
must not allow the Enlargement between spy ,ysirm
OF ethics and the present state Of mankind 10 lie tsAen
! as evidence agsins, that system.
i Nay more; not only ought We 10 regard such disa
greemeut when IL appears. without prejudice but We