The Cadiz sentinel. [volume] (Cadiz, Ohio) 1864-1911, 1865-12-13

oSoNePoLY--EQuALR RiGHrs FOR ALL.
Our Government springs IRON aud
was made fIr tbe people not the peo-
pie for the Government To them 1t
owes Allegiance; honl them IL must de-
rive its courage, strength and wisdom.
But while the Government is thus
bound to defer TO the people, from
whom it derives Its existence, it should,
from the very consideration OF its ORR
gin, be strong in ita powers. OF resist
ance to the establishment Of inequal-
lies. Moncpulies, perpetuities, aud clas'
Legislation, are contrary 10 the genius
OF free Government, aud ought not 10
he allowed. Here, there Is no room
tor favored classes or 1nonopoliss--the
principle OF Onr Government ij that of
equal laws and freedom Of Industry
W herever monopoly ausins ioothoi,l,
il is sure to be a source of danger, dis
cord and trouble. We shall but iulil
our duties as Regulators by according
"equal aud exact justice to all men"
special privilege TO ncne. The Gor-
ernment is subor dinhe To the .people;
but, as the agent and representative OF
the people, il must be h, Id superior to
monopolies, which, in themselves,
ought never 10 be granted, and whiuh,
where they exist, must he subordinate
and yieId to the Government.
t.. TIE COMMERCE. BETWEEN STATES.
The Constitution confers on Congress the
right to regulate commerce among the sew
eral States 1t is Of the first necessity, for
! the maintenance of the Union, that
commerce should be free and unobstructed
! No State can be justified in any device to
tax the transit travel and commerce between
| States. The position of many States is
such that if they were allowed to take ad
vantage of it for purposes of local revenue,
| the commerce between States might be in
| iuriously burlencd, or even virtually pro
hibited. Its best, while the country is
| still Young, aud while the tendency to dan
gerous monopolies of this kind is still feeble,
10 use the power of Congress so as to pre-
vent any selfish impeachment to the free cir.
culation of men and merchandise. A tax
on travel and merchandise, in their transit,
constitutes one of the worst forms of mo
nopoly, and the evil is increased if coupled
with denial of the choice Of route. Whel
the vast extent of our country is considered
it is plain that every obsticle to the free
circulation Of commerce between the State,
ought to be strongly guarded against by
appropriate Legislation, will i'll the limits o.
the Constitution. 5.rf.e ... Lt}..
OPERATIONS OF PATENT OFFICE. AND, PEN
.t SION BUREAU. ... ! -r-t.
The report of the Secretary Of the In
terror explains the condition of the public
lands, the transactions of the Patent Office
and the Pension Bureau, the. management
of our Indian affairS, the progress made IL
the construction Of the Pacific railroad, anc
furnishes information in reference to mat
tiers of local interest in TIE District OF, Go
lunbia. 1t also presents evidence Of tn
successful operation of the Homestead Act
under the provisions of which l, 1905
acres of the public lands were entered dur
: ing the last fiscal year--more thanH one
fourth of the whole number of acres sol,
or otherwise disposed of during that period
1t is estimated that the receipts derive'
from this source are sufficient to cover til
expenses incident to the survey and dlspoSa
Of the lands entered under this Act an
that payments in cash to the extent of. froiI
from forty to fifty per cent, will be made b
setti ~, may thus al any time actHllr
3. Title before the expira jon {. .ha period a
which It woall otherwise vest. The L m
stead policy was estabIiI I'd only 9rteF lont
and earnest resistance; experience proves 1t
wisdom. The lands, in the hands OF in
dustrious settlers whose labor create
wealth and contributes to tic pnblic rcsnpr
ces. are worth more to the united Stat,
than if they had been reserved as a so!ltSd
for future purchasers.
, The lamentable events Of the past top
wears, and the sacrifices made by the galal
men of our Army and Navy, have swel G
the records of the Pension Brcau to a
unprecedented extent On the 30ih day
june last, the total number Of leas slona
e was s., ,0S6, requiring for thair annual pa,
t exclusive of expenses, the sum OF &9,n23
: AS. The lumber OF applications that hay
been allowed since that date will require
=, large increase OF this amount Tor the ne'
y fiscal year The means for the payment
the stipends due, under existing laws, j..
q our disabled snkliers and sailors, and TO Il
: families Of such as have pcrishcd IN the Sc
@ vice of the country will no doubt be chec
}. fully and promptly granted. A gratet
!, people will not hesitate to sanction any me
sures having for their object the relief
, soldiers mutiated and families made lathe
= less in the efforts to preserve our natler
eXlStancG E ut.is g.a, ,s.Il'. q
:. POSTAL AFFAIRS. r.,
The report of the Postmaster ,Gener
6 presents an encouraging exhibit of the ope
r ations of the Post-otice Department durll
. the year The revenues OF the past ye
:, from the loyal States alone excecd'd t
= maximum annual receipts from all the Stat
u prev ols to the rebellion. in the sum
II $6,O3S, ,09l; and the annual average lncrea
of revenue during the last. four years II
Ia mediately preceding therebe hon, was S'
IF 533,S45. The revenues of the last fis'
n year amounted to Sl4,556. l5S, and the
penditures to l3, 3,694, 72S, leaving a surpl
~. of receipts over expenditures OF $Sbl ,43o.
IL Progress has been made in restoring t
- postal service in the Southern States. Il
'e views presented by the Postmaster Gene
If against the policy of granting subsidies,
+ OCEAN mail steamship lines upon establish
routes and in faver of continuing the pr
ent system, which limits the compensate
'' for ocean service to the postage carnln!
'e are recommended to the careful consider
= ton of Congress. E
le .tg.e CONDITION OF THE NAVY.
as 1t appears from the report of the Sec
Ia tary of the Navy, that while, at the co
W. meneement of the present year, there w
y, in commission $50 vessels Of all classes a
10 descriptions, armed with 1000 guns, a
manned by 81 900 men, the number of Y
sells at present in commission is llS, W
Or $50 guns and II, l2S men. By this prom
in reduction Of the naval forces the expen
v of the Government have been largely dim
- ishod, and a number of vessels, puchha.
&c for naval purposes from the merchant /
o. rinc, have been returned to tho peace
eS pursuits of commerce. Since the suppr
,g sion of active hoslilities our foreign, SOU
be rons have been re-established, and com
an of vessels much more efficient than tn
I'd employed on similar service previous to