The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1865-11-17

The following statistics are taken from an =
lish paper, and although the dssih-rate Of
britain owing 70 greater pOpulousnssL 10 b,
Ian that OF our own country, almost tbs samsS'
causes operate In Aneres that exist In EN- ilsndi
Dr.. W. Farr, Of the British General Register
Office has completed his supplementary volume On
TIE mortality u Eugland in the 10 years OF
1sjlCO the census Of 1851 aud 1901 ~ rulshng the
means u comparing the population w tn tie deaths
He tells the story OF li'e from It's beg inning. There
Ii tto definite Information respec .ing The rate Of
embryonic mortality; but SOM years ago DIR.
Granville collected Statistics Of the history Of 400
mothers, married women, who applied 70 the West
minister General Dispensu y, and found that
though 2I2 Of them bad only i19 live children, the
other 12S bad in tho previous ten years borno $50
liVo children and 305 dead embryos the latter
most frequently In their earlier months lust as
the mcitslty In the hrm year Of brsatkins ne
increases rapidly sswe proceed backwards rom
.he twelhh TO the third second and frs, mouths.
In the tven,y-siS years. is3s-63, there were req
lstcrei IL England tue deaths Of no fewer than
29ij,S13 infants born alive, but not living for =
sngc year. A. hi, pre,en. time 100000 To-
Englsnd. The French returns are very minute,
aud show Ia 1855 mortality Of 1854 per cent per
snnum In the frat seven days alter birth, 100 N
tho second seven days sud 81 In the fG days fol-
lowing. The mortality among children under Ave
years Of age in the ten years 1s51-60 was very
bIts over per cent. in tho more healthy districts
OF England in one or two thinly peopled distric,s
Among the children u peers "a has been calculated
TO 20 Little over per cent; among the children Of
the c hgy In 1929 aud 1856 rather over per cent.
On the other hand there are l5l districts Of Eng
lana VI ere, taken az whole, the child mortality
Of 1861 90 eded per cent? there were In those
districts Ia ISL, i,S9l,490 children, and every
year nearly 60OOO more die than II the death rate
were Ne same as in healthy districts Ia the ten
| years ISL 60, tho mean annual mortality among
children under i've TO- ~ per cent. In the city
| Of London, east division 1919 In Nottingham =
| ~, S52 IN 81. Gles'; ll,I26 in Manchester dis
| tricL and IL, 1913 In Liverpool district. There
| is no reason 70 suspect that any great numter
Of tho infants In these districts fall victims w de-
tetato crime, but there Is, no doubt, great ncgli
the part Of parents, great ignorance Of the
conditions on which health depends, and great pr-
valon among the poor. IL may 10 said, thAt tho
weakicr lives thus Gu, Oh, bus IL must be borne
| in mind that many OF tho strongest children are
weakened for lie Passing on 10 tho higher ages,
ne fud the rate Of mortality declining With every
wear Of life uP 70 ~ OF ID, WHOM 1t 10 ~ Its lowest.
Bg,ween 10 and Is years Of age, ess than five boys
| Ia .ho year Twenty years later Ia llfo tho NOR
tally is doubled, and goes on increasing TILL tho
| close. A. all ages the variation In tho rate In
| different districts. 10 shown 70 be very striking.
TIE mortality Of men in towns demands . careful
| investigation. Al Is and % tue mortality Of Lon-
don Iusn Ia not far from double that Of men IN the
| heAl1hy districts Of he country. II Is much higher
| at every age than tho morality OF women in Lon.
| don. l-vennliisd workshops may have some.
| thing 10 do with this. and 90 may indulgence In
|
large towns suffer as much as, and of.en more,
than tho workmen OF London. For instance,
| at the Of 25-36, and again ., the age Of 86-44
| and again at the age OF ID .55 the workmen OF
Liverpool, Manchester, Bristol and Newcastle upon
Tyne die al . still greater rate than the men Of
| London. In tho ten years lS5l-G0, the de this IN
thirty large to~n districts OF England, with ag
greg aio mean population OF 2,5il, $3.50 comprising
levsn London districts and In the principal BROWN.
cial town districts, averaged II, l9i year, while
tho deaths st the rate In hoaltby country district,
would have been only 80, i59-An annual loss Of
above o., 600 lives in much lees than Q seventh Of
the population. II the mortality Of oil England /,
arranged In ave great groups, tho following result
| appears; Where the mortality was IL is or II
per 1000 persons living the population was onl,
Sd ~ the square mile where the mortality WAS II,
or 49, tue population was liz to the 40 isre mil.
whore ", 20 or 22, 255i where %, % or 10, LIS
aud where 20 anu upwards, $500. Yet 1hero car
now 10 no doubi that mere proximity Of dwelling
docs not necessarily involve high ratio Of mortsl
ity. Ii adequate water supply and sufn
Client arrangements for drainage and cleans
ing are secured, the evils which max,
dopse districts 30 fatal may 10 IDitigated III. n.
mark able that Of tho dense districts OF citle
are already comparatively salubriouR Tho NOR
tally Of district 10 by no means bound to its dan
sity Of population. B.rmondsoy is less densely In
habltei tbAn St. James, Wssim .nster, Lut ,h,
mortality Is considerably grelor. Next to escl
other n these tables stand WestTu nster distric
tst johns .nd b. Margarerr and the dslrct o
b.. George, Hanover square,, with equal density O
| population in each taken 40 n whole but the Tor
, iner has mortality far heavier than the htter
is also TO DO notod that In London the mortality fsl
from the annual rate Of 70 per 1000 in the decor
tally OF lancashire and Cheshire also declined from
q 10 20. Taking all England, though the srow,l
In numbers, Of course Increased tho density Of DO
pulaton, the rate o; mortality did Inersase bu