davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Daily intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, Va. [W. Va.]) 1859-1865, 1865-04-07

vsFsatlon between two men who yvsrs mas.
sengets on the train. Ono was a small
man, who walked with crutch. The
other was large man, or rather a 0ood
ordinary size. The little man got dTnnIr
and went back from Newark, the larger
man remarking that he had taken the back
track. In the conversation the large man
stated that he was President of an Oil Com l..
pany, and that he was in great hurry to
get to Philadelphia. Oh. the morning Of
the 10Th we arrived at Zanesville, and the
passengers went out to get breakfast. The
witness being unwell, remained in the cars.
Mr. Gordon, he supposes, went out in town
to procure his breakfast About the
time the cara were ready to start he
returned in company with the large man.
The witness left the cars at McConnellsyilIe
and Mr.. Gordon came on through.
Mr.. Ferguson testifeB Il reside in
GAINESVILLE, and have known the prison.
er for years. he had taught school in the
county for several years, and had served
as Captain in the 122d Regiment ohio
Volunteers. he served two years and re.
signed on account of his health. Witness
knew him to be an upright, honorable
man.
Mr.. Carver, said reside in Fairview,
Guernsey county; am we'll acquainted
with the prisoner; we were school boys to-
gether, and have kept up the association
by regular correspondence. He corroborat-
ed the statement of the other witness In
regard to the character and good standing
of the prisoner.
J. A. Harris also corroborated: the state
ments of witness.
Mr.. R. Alexander, Of st. Clairsville,
states, in reply to questions by the defence,
am an attorney; have represented Belmont
county in the State Legislature; have known
the prisoner for IA years; fret got acquaint-
ed with him at school. Witness further
testites to his good character and stand
ing.
Mr.. W. W. Atkinson, of Bridgeport, was
we'll acquainted with the prisoner, they
had gone to school together at College
He had always found Gordon honorable
aud upright, knew that he was consistent
professor of religion, and his conduct had
always been in accordsncewith his profess
sion.
Mr.. ]. G. Chandler conducted the prose-
cution and Mr.. G. L. Cranmer the defence.
AT the conclusion of the testimony Mr.. |
Chandler moved the prisoners dis
charge, declaring that he was perfectly
of his entire innocence, and said |
that he regretted Mr.. Gordon had been
in such disagreeable circumstances.
Justice Blair at once signed an order for
his honorable discharge, and Mr.. Gordon
received the congratulations of his friends.
he says he believes he will not go into
the oil business again.
We desire to express our respect and
confidence in Mr.. Gordon, who has con-
Quoted himself as perfect gentleman
the trying circumstances in
which he was placed.
Daily intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, Va. [W. Va.]) 1859-1865, 1865-04-07

| 90 the 3lst, siege guns aud mortsrs
having been placed in position, heavy can
Moulding was opened on the Spanish fort
aud continued all day, but the result is
not known.
steele's column left Pensacola on the
18th. He captured two trains Of cars at
Greenwood. At Pollard, Ala, two rebel
cavalry regiments were routed and Brig.
Gen. Clsuser, % officers, 400 men and $50
horses captured. Ga the 9th Col. Spur
ing, with detachments of the I'd Maine
ana let Florida cavalry, cut the Mobile and
montgomery railroad, captured two wagon
trains and 100 prisoners. Gen Steele and
and force has arrived at Blakely, six miles
from the Spanish fort, aud would soo0
unite with Candy.
a naval letter to the Herald stGtes that
the monitor Milwaukee was blown up by
torpedo on the 2sth and the Usage on the
18th. Both while operating with other
monitors against Spanish Fort. Four
sailors were killed on the Usage and six
seriously injured. Only one injured on the
Milwaukee. One of the turrets of the Mil
Waukee is still out of water and in work.
ing order and is used. The Usage is too
deeply submerged to be used. The will
PROBABLY be raised. The rebels are busy
sending down torpedoes and FIRE RATS
The force in Spanish Fort is estimated at
between 600 and 700, it having been rein
forced from Mobile by water on the night
OF the.2 1t is rumored also that For.
rest aud his rebel command had reached
Blakely. The rebel ram Nashville and the
gunboats Tuscaloosa, Morgan aud Natchez,
are in Blakely river, evidently intending
to give battle to our monitors. On the west
of the bay our gunboals have had several
skirmishes with water batteries driving the,
rebels from their guns. The rebel troops
in Spanish Fort are commanded by Maury.
Daily intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, Va. [W. Va.]) 1859-1865, 1865-04-07

E~U. s, CoURT.-On Saturday theargu-
ment in the case'of Russell and Fitzhugh
was heard, but the Court has not yet an
nouuced its decision. The grand jury
brought in indictments against Fritz VIE
mer, for misdemeanor, who gave bail in the
sum of $500 for his appearance at the next
term; Levi Gardner and James NJ. Gard
ner for misdemeanor, were held to bail for
their appearance at next term. Conrad
Kraft, Louis orth, Casper Koeckler, Albert
shier, and F. Bayha, all butchers, were in
dicted and held to bail for infractions of
the internal revenue law.
Daily intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, Va. [W. Va.]) 1859-1865, 1865-04-07
No Passes to Richmond

WAsHITdToN, April s.-A notice lie post.
ed at the War Department that no passes
to Richmond are granted under any cir
oumstances.
Over 500 rebel officers, of all grades, are
now in the Old Capitol prison.
Information is received that 5000 Union
prisoners, of those held by the rebels in
Georgia, have arrived at or near Dalton, to
be delivered to US.
President Lincoln paid another visit to
Richmond, accompanied by his wife, SEN
tors Sumner and Harlan, and others.
Daily intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, Va. [W. Va.]) 1859-1865, 1865-04-07

WASHINGTON, April s.-Mr. Pugh, Dis.
trict Attorney Of Florida, arrived here this
morning.
A prominent member of the Georgia
Legislature, who had just left Augusta,
says the leading members of the legislature
admitted that the rebellion was near it's
cod. The opinion prevailed that Lee and
Johnston and Davis would retreat to
Georgia and then cross the Mississippi river.
The q. s. District Court at Key West has
condemned 5000 worth Of property
since March lst.
Daily intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, Va. [W. Va.]) 1859-1865, 1865-04-07

SAN FRANOBoo, 1 6ap 7:-Tne steamer
John L. Stephens, from Mazatlan, brings
$93, 900 in treasure and ], 600 bags of silver
ore.
The Mazatlau Times, the Imperialist or
gan, gives report that Juarez was en-
route for Cape st. Lucas, whence he would
sail for San Francisco, on the way to Wash
ington.
a French naval expedition had called, it
is supposed, far Guaymas, with an Impe-
rialist force.
A correspondent of the San Francisco
Bulletin, writing from Mazatlan, March
both. says that Juarez was still at Chick
ulugal with his Minister, raising troops,
though arms and ammunition were scarce.
The French war steamer Victory and
transport DIR. Dunn were at Santa Barba-
rs, on the coast of California. They hope
to obtain supplies.
The daily overland mail to Salt Lake re-
sumed its trips yesterday, The fret mail
this way since the interruption arrived last
night.
The recent meeting in behalf of the
Christian Sanitary Association resulted in
the remittance of 500, 900 in the past few
days in gold.
Daily intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, Va. [W. Va.]) 1859-1865, 1865-04-07
From Cairo and Below.

CAIRO, April s.-NeW Orleans dates of
the second have been received. The Times
Gays the monitors Usage and Milwaukee,
were sunk by torpedos, in Mobile bay while
attempting to get in range of Spanish
fort. They are not very materially dam
aged and will be easily raised and repaired.
The True Delta says the Milwaukee
will probably prove total loss. Only six
lives lost.
The Delta says Forests army is break
ing up. Large numbers deserving daily and
going home, mostly Texans. One hundred
and fifty deserted in one day.
The steamship Liberty sailed on the I'd
inst. for New York via Havana, full loaded
with cotton.
Baton Rouge advices of the Sd, repre-.
sent the river rising. A crevasse, 6 miles
above Button Rouge, on the west side, is
widened and is quite deep. 1t is still widen
ing and the country back is overhowed to
the depth of 16 feet. The troops at Nor
ganza have been placed on steamers, as
fears are entertained for thefort. General
Heron has large working party on the
levee at Morganza in hopes to prevent a
break there.
The food of the 9th, washed away
span of the Memphis and Charleston rail-
road bridge between Columbia and Latay-
cite junction. Three cars of the west
ward bouud train were precipitated into
the water. Several persons we're killed
and injured.
The steamers Liberty and City of Cairo
from Memphis, the former for Evansville,
with 300 bales of cotton, and the latter
for st. Louis, with SO bales, passed up. &.
Daily intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, Va. [W. Va.]) 1859-1865, 1865-04-07

R@owHa to his increasing trade, Mr..
Isaac Ochs has been compelled to remove
his wholesale and retail clothing establish.
meut to No. ~ Main street, where he will
be able to accommodate all who favor. him
with call. Mr.. oohs is very popular
man with the public, and by close atten-
ton and fair dealing has secured.a large
trade. With his present facilities and fine
stock of ready made clothing he cannet
fail to secure many new customers. Pur-
chasers should give Mr.. oohs trial; if
they do we know it will not be his fault If
they are not well Satisfied.
Daily intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, Va. [W. Va.]) 1859-1865, 1865-04-07

SAN FRANo1soo, April 1.-THE scarcity
of -four and wheat continues. Extreme
prices are obtained, and consequently trade
does not improve,
The Union Convention of Washington
Territory have nominated A. A. Denny as
Congressional delegate.
Military celebrations for the national VIC
tories were held throughout the State to-
day.
A mass meeting in aid of the Soldiers
Relief Association was held to night.
Daily intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, Va. [W. Va.]) 1859-1865, 1865-04-07

Nav YoRx, April s.-The Tines Wash.
inRton special gives an extract from New
Orleans letter, which says Col. Woolley,
of the 26th Ohio, arrived in that city few
days ago with important dispatches to the
government, supposed to look towards 3
peace movement on the part of that State.
Daily intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, Va. [W. Va.]) 1859-1865, 1865-04-07
Tbe cold Market.

NEW YoRK, April s.-Gold is quiet, the
demand being confined chiefly to the ordi-
nary wants Of importers. There is no at.
tempt TO engineer the market for either a
rise or fall, the changes or fluctuations
being now so slight as to discourage such
operations. The quotations have been
l50914e@16of.
Daily intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, Va. [W. Va.]) 1859-1865, 1865-04-07

@r"MORH popular than everI" We
mean the Excelsior Boxing Povdtr, and
just for the reason that 1t never falls when
used according to directions. 1t is un-
doubtedly superior to any thing of the
kind in the market. For sale by t. h. Lo-
gan & Co., and Logan, List s Co.,, Wholesale
and Retail Druggists, Wheeling. ct
Daily intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, Va. [W. Va.]) 1859-1865, 1865-04-07
Now York Money Market.

NEW YoRK, April g
MoNEY-Easy at 6a7 per cent with large sup
STERLING RxoHANGE-Quiet at 1OsN@1O9N
for gold and first c ass bills,
GOLD-WIthout decided change; opening at $780,
advancing to 1861 declining to 1Ss and closing at
GOVERNMENT sTOCKs-steady.
Total exports Of specie to day, $S9s, 400.
EVIHHG BOARD.
INV YonE, April s.-At GallAgher's, Gold 14s11<<.
O. + p. 65ss. Fort Wayne 9o96.
Daily intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, Va. [W. Va.]) 1859-1865, 1865-04-07

DSNAT Capt. Stones office, there we're
during the last week, nineteen recruits and
twenty substitutes accepted, and fifty eight
drafted men turned over for duty. The
drafted men from Wet1sl county are re.
porting very slowly
Daily intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, Va. [W. Va.]) 1859-1865, 1865-04-07
Hanr1 s. Foota.

Nav YoRK, April s.-Henry s. Foote,
late of the rebel Congress, who arrived
here the other day in an Emigrsnt ship
from Europe, has been ordered to he kept
in confinement in this city. He has violat-
ed some agreement with the State Depart
Daily intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, Va. [W. Va.]) 1859-1865, 1865-04-07

~PO11OE.-wm. D. Hiue, for creating
a disturbance was fined ten dollars and
costs, by Alderman Johnston. He also
assessed ten dollars and costs upon James
Smith, for driving through the streets at
an improper and dangerous speed.
Daily intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, Va. [W. Va.]) 1859-1865, 1865-04-07
CONFIDENT Of Receiving the surren-
der of Lea.

War DEPARTMENT, WASHINGTON, April 8.
TO MAJ. Gen. Diz.-A telegram from
Gen. Grant, dated this day ct II O'Clock,
Burke's Station, saws that the enemy baye
been pushed from the road toward Danville
and are now pursued toward bynchburg,
and that he is very confident of receiving
the surrender of Lee and what remains Of
his army.
(signed.) EN-. srAsrox.
Daily intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, Va. [W. Va.]) 1859-1865, 1865-04-07
mWn notirs lhat Meaara HAIHnh

BWWE notice that Messrs, h. & J. Hub.
bard, have received very fne lot of tim.
Der by the late rise, aud their saw mill is
cutting it up at very lively rate. They
have been, engaged for several days in
saving out timber for the B. &oR.R.
Daily intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, Va. [W. Va.]) 1859-1865, 1865-04-07

New YoRK, April s.-The steamer Arago,
with Gen. Anderson and some 800 other
distinguished persons, sailed for CHARLES
ton this afternoon. Four other steamers
for the same destination also sailed, crowd.
ed with passengers.
Daily intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, Va. [W. Va.]) 1859-1865, 1865-04-07
Cincinnati Market.

CtHoIHHAEIs April 8.
RLoUR-Unchangsd and quiet with but little do
mand; Superfne 81 co.
O0RN-Dull. 70
RYE-Held at05c.
OATS GO
WHisKY-Dull; mall nles at $40; nothing do
PRoVIsIoNs-PrioeS nominally unchanged.
PoTAToEs-In large supply and prieea 1nehang-
cd 70 any extent. The best would not bring over
1900 barrel,
sEEDs-DemAnd moderate; Glover SIS.
BUTTER-UnehanSed; prime to choice 269s0o.
EGGS-SeIipR at 300.
GOLD-1479t4s.:
Daily intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, Va. [W. Va.]) 1859-1865, 1865-04-07

New York, April s.-The steamers City
of Manchester and America sailed o.day
for Europe, taking $500 900 in specie.
Daily intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, Va. [W. Va.]) 1859-1865, 1865-04-07
Last Nights Report.
CLOSING OF THE LAST ACT.
Surrender of Gen. Lee and
His Whole Army.
GRANTS TERMS ACCEPTED.
Correspondence between Generals
Grant and Lee.
GRANTS TERMS ACCEPTED

OmeIal.
WAR DEPARTMENT., WASHINGTON, April
s,9,p. mo Agj. Gen. Dig This De.
partInent has received the official report of
the surrender this day of General Lee and
his whole army to Lieut.. Gen. Grant, on
the terms proposed by Gen. Grant.
(signed) 3. n. STANTON,
Seo'y of War.
HEADQUARTERS Armies OF TIE o. g.,
80, p m. April so Hon. E. II. Stan.
ton, SeeretGEy Of WGT:-Gen. Lee surren-
dered the Army ofNorthern Virginia this
Daily intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, Va. [W. Va.]) 1859-1865, 1865-04-07
DeIaineS for Ohildren.

lust REoBIVRD-A large lot Of . aaII figured
81 An-WoOl DelAineI. VERY CHEAP.
IsII J. RHODE "a.
COOKING STOVES, Of an kin1s, as CREAMY re
mhis NEaB1rF BROS.
Daily intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, Va. [W. Va.]) 1859-1865, 1865-04-07
STAMP TAX.

TTNDER Act Of Congress, March 81, 1865. printed
~ on Card for Counting Houses Shops, Factories,
&C., price Is cents; also Pocket Hilton, PAreh.
Sent post paid to any address on receipt of price.
JOSEPH GRAVR
mh28 No. % Monroe 1t.
Daily intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, Va. [W. Va.]) 1859-1865, 1865-04-07

The following is the previous correspon.
dence between Lieut.. Gen. Grant ana Gen.
Lee, referred to in the foregoing telegram
to the Secretary of War: -.
CLIFTON HOUSE, Va, April 5, 19e5.-To
Hon. E. n. Stanton, Sec'y of Var: The fol-
lowing correspondence has taken place
between Gen. Lee and myself. There has
been no relaxation in the pursuit during
Daily intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, Va. [W. Va.]) 1859-1865, 1865-04-07

APRIL 9, 1s65-GsHsrGI:-I received
your note this morning on the picket line,
whittier l had come to meet you, and as
certain definitely what terms were en-
braced in your proposition of yesterday,
with reference to the surrender of this
army. now request an interview in &C..
cordance with the offer contained in your
letter of yesterday for that purpose.
Very respectfully,
The Lancaster gazette. [volume] (Lancaster, Ohio) 1863-1886, 1865-05-25
J.n DAv,. n. Eortres. Monroe.

The rebel chief has arrived at For.
trcss Monroe. whore. II is said, ho vii
bc retained until all the evidence i'm.
picating him in tho assassination plot
is obtained. According to tho Now
York Tribune, tho Government has
recently secured private letter writ
ten by Davis clearly duplicating him
in tho conspiracy. Meanwhile, it is
expected, ho will bo indicted by tho
Grand Jury sitting at Alexandria, for
treason.
Davis had not read the proclama-
tion Offering hundred thousand dol.
lars reward for his arrest, until after
his capture, lie then read the proc.
lamalion, uttered groan, and lot the
paper drop from his hands, lie is &c.
companiod by his wife aud children
and is said to bo much changed and
detected, He is the most conspicuous
and atrocious criminal ever in the
hands Of the United States Govern.
mCnt, and will no doubt suffer the
grOatcet penalty known to our laws.
Davis condemned himself in tho
United States Senate, when no said,
speaking Of the trial Of John Brown
"Who would seek to dull the sword Of
Justice in favor of him whose crime
connects with all that is most abhor-
rent 10 humanity, tho violation Of
every obligation to the social compact
tho laws, the Constitution, tho require
ments of public virtue and personal
honor" Tho world responds, "whc
would seek to dull the sword Of jus
tice now"
The Lancaster gazette. [volume] (Lancaster, Ohio) 1863-1886, 1865-05-25
ASSASSINATION REWRITING.

Since tho assassination of tho Pre-.
sidcnt three rebel Generals have bcen
shot by men in their commands, viz ::
Kirby Smith, Forrest and Wharton.
Reports from the South say that lead
ing rebcs are Aooing from tho wrath
of tho Southern pcoptc whom they de-
ceivcd, Tho Southern people will
save tho Government the trouble of
Furnishing many of the leaders, The
focling seems TO be strongest among
the private soldiers of the rebel army.
The Lancaster gazette. [volume] (Lancaster, Ohio) 1863-1886, 1865-05-25
wrongs, and punishing the people for
the iniquity which they tolerated.

o. -
the iniquity which they tolerated.
Our readers know our sentiments
as to the Providence shown in the war,
for We have frequently expressed
thom. The history Of the American
nation is almost US marked by special
Providenccs as the history ofthe Jews.
The past four years have been full Of
instances of retributive Justice
Charleston, the proud city in which
the rebellion began, is desolate. and
the grass which she predicted would
grow in the streets Of Now York, is
rank in her thoroughfares. Richmond
and Charleston, the two aristocratc
cities which went to war to enslave
and degrade the negro. were both cap
tured by negro soldiers. Jefferson
Davis, one of those who was TO call the
roll of his slaves in tho shadow OF Bun
ker Hill Monument, is criminal in
tho hands OF justice, his plantation de.
stroyed, his slaves free, and his pri,
vate correspondence scattered over
the country in the hancs Of the sold
iers. The cities of the mon who
threatened tho North with arson, and
who attempted to burn our cities, arc
many OF them laid in ashes. They
who predicted for US mobs and do
moral'zed society, arc skulking about
in country made desolate and ter
riblc by anarchy and guerrilla war
fare. The rebel women Of Rome
Georgia, who spit in the faces of Col
Straigbt'S mCn as they passed through
the streets prisoners of war, went OF
their knees afterwards to Gen. Sher.
man to save their property from thu
DANES. These are only few instan.
ces in thousand, and those who can
not sec the hand Of Providence in Tho
events Of the past four years, are either
hopcIcssIy ignorant or wickcdIy in
fdcl.
That tho mon who defend Slavery
and Rebellion should hato ministers
il natural. The devil hates preacher
and those who defend his pet iDstitu
tions, should hato the preacher also
These men have been engaged in thC
cause of Satan, and they find arraycc
against them tho good men Of tn
world, and the Providence which i
over at war with the wrong. Thoi
cause is condemned and cxccratcd
and lot them suffer with their cause
The Lancaster gazette. [volume] (Lancaster, Ohio) 1863-1886, 1865-05-25
JEFF. DAVIS, cAPTURE---TAEP PET
TICOAT SCENE.

New YORK, May 2l.-Tho Herald's
correspondentgives the particulars OF
the arrest of jeff. Davis, fully confirm
ing tho official accounts already pub
lished. When the guard went TO the
tent, they were met by Mrs. Davis, en-
deshaJlie, with, "Please, gentlemen,
don't disturb the privacy of ladies be.
fore they have time to dress" "All
right, madam" said the Corporal, 1--WE
will wait till you have on your duds."
Presently there appeared at the tent
door an ostcnsible old lady, with a
bucket on her arm, escorted by Mrs.
Davis and her sister. "Please let my
old mother 60 to tho spring for some
water TO wash in, said Mrs. DAVIS in
a pleading tone. "It strikes me your
mother wears very big boots" said
the guard. as lie h6isted tho ola fady's
dress with his saber and discovered q
pair of number 13 calfskins;; "and
whiskcrs, too, said the Sergeant, rs he
pulled tho hood from her face, and 10 I!
jeff. Davis in all his littleness stood
before them. A Spencer rifle was i'm
mediately pointed at his ear. He was
marched back to his tent and placed
in durance vile. Only about $4,000 in
specie was with the party, though sew
Gral boxes were not yet searched
They were brought along, however,
and will be delivered to the adthorl-
ties at Washington. There were found
on the person Of Postmaster General
Regan papers showinga a large amount
of specie shipped Tor London, which
will also be delivered to the ahthori-
ties by Colonel Pritchard. The latter
with his prisoners, started Immediate
Iy for Macon. The party were all sui.
len, and Davis remarked to Pritchard
that, had they not been taken by SIR.
prise, they wouldn't have surrendered
without fight.
While on the road, they received
copy of President Johnson's proclama
tion offering 100000 for Davis, Davis
read it, trembled, his hands dropped
to his side, and, with a groan he drop
ped the paper. His wife picked it up
read it aloud, and the entire party
burst into tears.
The cavalcade arrived at Macon or
the 18th, and soon after took specia
train for Atlanta, and thence to Au
gusta. Stephens and Wheeler wcr'
captured by dctachments Of Goncra
Upton's division, and Clay and lady
surrendered to General Wilson, a
Macon.
The Lancaster gazette. [volume] (Lancaster, Ohio) 1863-1886, 1865-05-25
The London Times ana the LRneh ster
Gazette.

In the Gazette of last winter (Dec,
l5) wo said, speaking of tho situa-
tion: ...
"For tho Government we can SEQ in
the situation, nothing but certainty of
success. Like the rails Of the fdJled
room, which, by some strange contricdnce,
came together and crushed the sleeper
within, the armies ofthe great cause are
closing droundand cruShingthe Rebellion
Tho rebcls see the impending ruin and
are beginning to wall. They chose
tho alternatives Rulo or Ruin, and
they shall have the Ruin"
"A lato number of the London Times
april %, 1869 contains the following
using the samc illustration;
"As events moved on, Grant ham
mered at tho head and outworks o
the ConfederaCy, while Sherman ant
others marched through the very vi
tails Of the land. The daveholdin,
dristocrats ,cere Ike the man in the iro
shroud. Shorty but certainly and vis'
tly, the Northern armies were c'eSin
around hcm.'