The Union and journal. [volume] (Biddeford, Me.) 1858-1882, 1865-07-07
THE UNION G. JOURNAL,

OF the utuOob IW pOtIauCo W III muuuidCtur-
ers. Straight Hated rollers manufactured
by Yields patent machinery are also much
more valuable than when made by tho old
process. rs they have finish given them
which Is unattainablc in any other manner.
In England tho spirally -auted rollers are TAX
ing the place Of all others as rapidly rs they
can be supplied. and with tho most satisiao
tory results. Nearly all Of the principal
roller makers in that country have taken out
licenses to use Mr.. Yields patented roller
making machinery, and also to make his spi..
raj and corrugated rollers. The best proof
Of their popularity there is the fact that he
received over SIS 900 in England alone Tor
the small tariff charged roller manufacturers
during the past year, and that this year Ills
returns will DO much larger.
In tho FIRST introduction OF the new sys-
tenn of drawing cotton by rollers great dif-
fculty to be overcome consisted in the cotton
"lapping" or winding round the rollers dur.
ing the drawing instead Of being delivered
clear of them and there was also the din.
Guilty of finding material for the top rollers
that should have an elastic surface and yet
be durable and perfect in its action, imitat-
ing the deli,acy OF touch Of the human I'M
gers in the original distaf spinning, by Civ.
ing constantly the exact amount OF pressure
required for drawing the fibre uniformly, so
us not to over.stretch the thread and thereby
vary the thickness Of any portion.
In drawing rollers, the lower roller, which
Is the only one driven, is Of iron or steel and
fiuted on the surface the top roller, which
has soft yielding sarflce. is driven only by
friction from the lower roller. upon which it
is pressed by u weight suspended from bear
ing IN the centre of each roller.
The construction Of the rollers is point
of the greatest Importance, and upon which
the whole success or failure Of the drawing
process really depends. The ordinary top
rollers are those made with an iron centre.
painted with white lead and covered with
thick felted flannel made for the purpose,
over which is placed cover OF specially pre-.
pared leather. The importance OF good top
rollers in spinning cannot be over estimated !;
but as hitherto constructed in the manner
just described they have several radical de.
fects. which make it impossible to spin or
draw cotton OF uniform thickness or "num.
bers." The top rollers are made in pairs
with two roller surfaces or "bosses" rs they
are termed upon one spindle, and as ordina.
rily constructed these two bosses are solid
upon the spindle. Practically it is impossi.
bic to get the two bosses Of exactly the same
diameter when clothed, owing to the varying
thickness of the leather. Then IL one Of
them he l-l6th inch larger in diameter than
the other when covered, the result will be
contention for speed between the two bosses;
frr by the time one has made 20 revolutions
the other wants to have gone 81. This causes
slipping and abrasion Of the surface OF the
leather. which causes the cotton TO lap round
the roller, and wastes the fibre Of the cotton
drawn, besides destroying the leather; and
the roller also gives out irregular lengths OF
yarn or silver.
Another great difficulty that spinners have
to contend with is the flating or cutting up
of the leather surface of the top roller by
the action of the flutes in the bottom roller.
When this occurs fbres OF the cotton get
crimped and cut or broken in the act of be.
ing drawn, by passing between the two cor
rugated surfaces. and u greater length OF
thread is delivered than when the top roller
is kept perfectly smooth; but the spinning
of good yarns depends upon the regularity OF
all the threads as to quantity OF fibre and
length delivered. The bottom rollers were
Auted by longitudinal grooves cut
with a tool ut equal pitch all round the roll
Grand the impression left upon the top roller
was consequently OF uniform pitch, and con
tinued deepening by the pressure Of the cor
rugations always coming upon the same
parts.
MANUFACTURING ROLLERS.
Tho present method Of making rollers is to
FIRST pillow or plane the flutes, then file and al
forwards stone them. BY this blowing the
fibres of the iron ore disturbed and thrown
up, the roller more or less weakened, and q
proper. smooth surface rendered impossible
save at much time and expense. But rollers
by the new process Of milling
have a very much harder surface and will
consequently wear much longer than those
futcd by the ordinary cutting system the
surface Of the metal being condensed by tho
pressure in the milling process. Another
advantage is that the grain Of the iron is laid
in the best direction for ensuring smooth
ness OF action in the working Of the roller,
since the roller Is driven in the milling pro
cess in the same direction in which 1t is in
tended to run in the drawing frame; and the
mill leaves it sufficiently polished to be i'm.
mediately used for drawing, which is not the
case with rollers manufactured IN any other
manner.
Drawing rollers with no flutes at all would
be perfect as far as il relates to the destruc.
ton of the Abres Of the cotton; but since
such roller would not sufficiently take hold
Of the silver to draw 1t, flutes are necessary.
Thus, when this matter comes to be more
considered it will undoubtedly be
found true that majority Of the drawing
rollers in cotton machinery OF American
manu- facture are much too deeply and COARSE
" fluted for the work required Of them. In
fact this is already proved beyond doubt by
the inventions Of Mr.. Weld, who uses roll.
ers with less depth Of flutes and rurs them
under much lighter weights than those hero.
tofore in use, and still they take 6rmer hold
and work with less injury to the fibres OF tho
cotton than any other rollers. This IL, how.
ever, in great part attributable to their pecu-
liar formation and superior finish. BY the
pstent milling machine, rollers can be futed
with either straight or spiral flutes as may
DO desired, producing an article which Tor
fnish and the perfection Of its operation can
not DO equalled. The process Of construct.