The Portland daily press. [volume] (Portland, Me.) 1862-1921, 1865-09-06
Election Monday. September ,ll,h, 1865.
UNION NOMINATIONS. /
JUDGE uPHAM ON nrooNsrRUo-

JUDGE UPHAM ON REooNSTRUC
TION. A5yi 3 Atii.t
In the Boston Advertiser of Tuesday last
appears communication of some length
a dressed to that paper by the Hon. N. G. Up
han ofConcorJ N. H., in which the subject o
reconstruction is discussed with much ability
l. il al article which comnend5 itself to at
tea5ion both because of the source from which
it emanates, and because it presents view
wlica, with slight modification, are coming
to be regarded as offering practicable solu
ton of our difficulties. Judge Upham recon
mends that the Constitution be amended s.
that representatives in Congress, and elector
ofPresident and Vice President of the United
States my be apportionsd among the severa
States in the Union on the basis of til,
number of legally authorized voters in eacT
State. he would also provide that all persons
should be so far equal In the eye Of the law as
that no person should be restricted from the
right ofresidence, or denied any right or priv
leye, conceded to other persons, on account
OF race or color, and that such enjoyment
should be deemed one of the essential requi-
site, Of republican government, and guaran-
ted accordingly.
In :ging-the first suggestion he says: &
Ii will be borne in mind that by the propi
sion, oftae Constitution, as now established,
repse .snt ative, in Congress and electors of
Pre-idanI and Vice President of the United.
Stade5 are apportioned to the several States on
the bl.is or adding to the whole number of
free persons in each State three fifths of an
other persons.
BY the census Of 1850 there we're. in the
Southern States, nearly four million of slaves.
Three iifths of that number, or twenty-four
hundred thousand of them, are Therefore by
the Constitution as it now exists, entitled tobe
represented, and, under the present apportion-
ment OF members in Congress, the voting pop-
u-ation of tae Southern States would have
eighteen repr95 entatives in Congress, and a
ike number of electors more than the same
voting population of the North. =
Vita slavery abolished, the remaining two
h.Gls are represented, causing farther ine-
quaity of twelve representatives, or thirty in
In all, making che representation in Congress
to which the South would be entitled ninety
seven members, when they should have but
sixty-,even; an inequality, by three ootes,
Qfedser th1n The en,tre representation of Neeo
ElJtapF or her ensire Uoicg IN the seLec Ion of
President and Vics-P sidegat IN
1t is manifest that this astounding ineauali-
ty should not be tolerated. We cannot afford
to stdltify ourselves In this day of our final
reckoning with the South, by the longer con-
tlnuance Of such preponderance of power in
disioyai hands. ..eilsg 4
In relation to the inquiry arising here
wletler suea changes can be made, he argues
that as eleven States have been practically out
OF the Union for four years, and the remain
Jag twenty-five have during that period dis
charged all the functions of nation and have
conIaered their enemies, it is absurd to pro-
pose that in their hour Of triumph they should
be de-naSionGlized. For it comes to this
we are constituted nation for all purposes
to via the prize from the hand of the traitor,
bat, the instant it is won, it is contended that
that he may resrasp it, in the character of
citizen, and dictate his terms as a conqueror.D
JJIse Uphan says - e ~. & ,@'.,
We donot so understands. Either party NAV
be5il war. 1t Is tor tns succs ssfui patty to
m Ike peace. Wlen peace is made, it will be
oar province to declare it and define its terms.
Ii reconstruction OF the fundamental articles
OF our Union IL necessary, on account of the
past parricidal strife of these eleven States, we
sinai determine what is to be done without
leaving it to them to limit our powers or to OBJ
sStIcG oIr acioLWe, as a naGion, have struck
diva Gle DI,taed blfs OF the South. and as
sucn we shall so reconstruct its organic laws
tnat those, now wifudy without the lold IF the
ULion, WAC may hereafter come in, shall not
have Gne temptation or the power tosbreak
tnrodgl its bonds. Congress, at the earliest
po5siD.e moment, should declare the terms of
reconStrucion necessary to secure q lust and
holorAble peace. And when these terms on
fuA &c Iteration nave been approved and adopt
eI Dy tntee fourtns Of the loyal States pfthe
UAlon, they should be received as the final
settlement OF the controversy aaaiom s.lt g
Tne Southern States are dead '4There is
nothing, under such circumstances, that ear,
revive them, but amnesty and reconstruction.
mOUinJ solely from and rendered bg the toe
Gai EoyG Ra,iOa. Civilly dead is the record
the South has written in its own hand, in
ccins and blood; and action from without, by
the nation that has sustained itself against all
oooosition forsthe last foar years, and il now
So timing ITSELF Independent of the South, is
the only remaining remedy NO ssea sAa
- bse B*srg ~
las mode OF action has the farther advan-
taye that it is peaceful and uniform. in its op-
e;Atlon and Character, and sweeps away by
one act, tom every State Constitution andfrem
all statutes, North and South, every yestige of
law in conflict with the amendments su tain
Ella change which could much more readily
be elected in the various States IN this b way
tina in any other. At the same tima II won,d
always be subject to enforcement by the ind; nd;-
cilry OF the nation and its authorities. and hs
e1irsIy beyond the local control of the ind;.
vidual States. Itwould be systematic, also. a.
we have already comm sncs1 Alright by amend
ing the Constitution, and we have only to fol-
low o. in that line to insure success. As a
further consideration, it is believed it would
more fully meet the approval of the Executive
AID better harmonic the various conflicting
views on this subject than any other mode
suggested fsolving the problem of reconstruc
tion> So'many advantages should insure its
favorable Consideration. e H'fss'
lac writer also proposes to amend article 1,
section 8, of the CONSTITUTE IN nv striking
out the provision @that no tax or dn t,l shall,
be laid on articles exported from anv state y
bltth question thus raised we have no, s,oc :.
now to discuss. "a is.rel.,'i. - :,
A CLASSIFICATION OF MoILUscA basod
on the principle of capitalization bv Fd,o,a
6 Morse of Portland Published :;