The New York herald., 1865-03-23

thousand ala, cooks teamsters and engineer ana
pioneer laborers was assened TO- and law has beea
enacted the pres. at session for the purpose Sh0r
limit as 70 number
All the measures rcco,nmonded By tho President 10
promote the ec ency OF the army have been adopted.
exceps The entire repeal OF class exemption- and some
measures not suggested by him. such the cieaor Of
the oiice of Generain Cnei ted anc s o.
by Congress with a view the public
hience and the energetic administration OF milaTy
aalirs.
On the subject Of exemptions tho President IN
his message VI November T. the following
language:--"No pursuit position should relieve
any one who is able TO do active duty from enroi.
moro useful to the defence OF his country IN
another sphere But it Is manifest that this cannot
workmen in mines, professors teachers engineers and
employees Of newspapers journeymen printcrs, shoe
other classes mentioned in the laws cannot
In the nature OF things be either equally necessary In
country in such proportion that only the numbers
acquired are found In each locality" &c. The casual
reader would infer that the laws they stood at The
date Of the message exempted the classes enumerated
by the President as well as many other classes not
toned by him. such is not the fact
The only class exemptions allowed by the laws then IN
force the following OF religion super
ntendents and physicians OF asyums for the DEAF dumb
and such employees the editor may certify on oath
ndspensaby necessary public printers Of ths Confede
rate and state governments and their journeymen prn
was doing business such the 10th of October 1904
physicians thirty Of age and for the last
years In practice presidents and teachers In colleges
semnaries and schools physicians and public
hospitals certain mail contractors and drivers of poe.
coaches certain officers and employees OF railroads. and
certain agriculturists and overseers.
Oicers Of the State governments not properly In
cluded among the exempted classes, because II Is
ceded that Congress has no constitutional power to con
scribe them as soldiers; dunkards quakeB
other non regarded as belonging 70 clause ex
emptons OF these persons subject TO the control OF the
Secretary OF War. The exemption Of agrculturists
overseer between the ages Of eighteen and forty hve
has been repealed at the present session Tanners
makers, mers, backsmiths, telegraph operators and
workmen in mines, enumerated by the President a.
among the classes exempted are not now and have not
been snce the passage Of the act Of nth February 1884,
and State officers who not cOnstuonally subjected
to conscrption, be excluded the classes exempted
east Of the Mississippi river embrace about nine thousand
men--one- third OF whom are physicians and nearly
another third ministers OF the gospel the remaining
third Is principally composed of teachers, professors,
carries
In remarkable contrast to the number Of persons re-
mentioned the report OF the Conscrpt Bureau exhibits
the fact that east OF the Mississippi river tceyuo thou
ao n Of hs abuse Of Ss
detail Congress- at Its present session, passed
voking all details and limiting the Of that power
In the future. The third section Of this act exempng
skilled artisans and mechanics from all military service
which is excepted to by the President and which has
since been repealed was originally adopted in
quence Of suggestions contained in tho report OF the
secretary Of War In alluding to the ebarrassments
by the administrative bureaus the Secretary
says:-"In addition they have been constrained by the
stringent leg station Of Congress- to reinquish their
and substitute them from more innrm and aeed
classes Again :-"Interferences OF this kind are
inevitably 80 prejudcial and disturbing that it Is hoped
well devised and permanent system Of providing and
re aiming In continuous employment sufficient number
Of artisans experts and abore for s essential opera
tons, may be devils and established The truth is
that the bin originally introduced into the senate ex
empting skilled artisans and mechanics was actually
Congress- therefore, had reason to suppose that would
mest the sanction Of tho Executive.
theH obtain dstas 70 preach the Gospel would shock
the religious scnttmept Of ths counisy and innict
conscption of editors ana Of the printer necess.,y y
the publication Of newspapers would destroy the nde-
Pendonce Of the press and subject 1t 70 the Of the
officers and employees necessary to tho prose
cution ; Of the war ~ soldiers In the neld Ply
sicans and apothecares essential to tho health
Of the people, and complaint has reached Congress Of
abuses n this class Of exemptions If the education Of
society and the preservation Of liberty It is not perceived
ehst the exemption Of professors Of colleges and the
passed bill containing section repeating the exemp
ion allowed 10 mall contractors and drivers OF post
the Recommendation Of : committees Of Conference,
based on the urgent rcmonstancss Of the Postmaster
General, the section alluded 70 stricken out
The subject Of class exemptions was called TO the at
tention Of Congress by the executive message
passed expressive OF the views Of the legislative depart
men Of the government The message under considera
on recur 70 the same subject II is to be regretted that
the views OF the legislative department Of the govern
ment have not met the favor OF the Executive
he should deem both necessary and proper express
1t is that Congress has failed to respond to tho
recommendation Of the President to enact Z general
TO act the result OF deberation. The conscrpton
laws enacted by Congress have placed in tho military
the ages OF seventeen and nfty The whole militsrV
material Of the country go far as legislation is concerned
Is absorbed by the conscrption acts There s none left
on which militia law can operate, except the exempted
classes and the boys under seventeen and the
nifty years OF age II deemed expedient TO allow
this material to remain subject to the control Of the ate
authorities for the purposes Of local police aid In the
arrest Of deseer and to enforce the administration Of
State laws
II is also true that the President has recommended
the passage Of law suspendng the privilege OF
the writ OF habeas corpus. This recommendation
was the subject OF a special message in secret
sion II occupied the attention Of Congress for four
or Ave weeks. After mature dcliberation, the mea
sure was lad aside, az unInportant and inexpedent
Spies can be arrested and tried summary without
pending the writ OF habeas corpus Conspnces, tend
ing Ia any to the injury Of cause, pro-
vided for by special pass at the present session.
TO denne and punish conspiracy against the Conitde
siisrssippi had epressed, through their LSsssiuFe
great repugnance 70 the past legislation Of Congress us
pending the writ and large portion Of the people
throughout the country arrayed against the policy
Of that legislation II deemed wise and prudent 10
concilate opposition at time when dlssensions are
runous; and the benefits to be derived from the Hus
pension Of the writ were conjectnrAL the deliberate
judgment Of Congress was expressed by It's silence on
the subject II s TO be regretted that the Executive
does not conctr In these views and again calls on Con-
gress revisdts aeiton, and to suspend the writ Of
habcas corpus almost indispensable TO the
successful conduct OF the II the facts stated In the
confidential message alluded to BY the President be
the basis Of the opinion that the suspension Of the
writ s indispensable 10 the successful conduct OF the
war the Congress does not concur In that opinion.
The writ has been suspended since August last II Is
perceived that the military reverscs Of the country
since that period oconed by the absence Of the
legislation asked for
In regard mpremments Congress At the present
sion has passd bill declaring that the terms 'ust COM
pensaon, used In the constitution, ente the owner
whose property is impressed TO the market value thereof
At the time and place Of impressment This legislation
considered necessary In consequence OF judi al de-
csons IN Of the States and because OF the difficulty