Gold Hill daily news. [volume] (Gold Hill, N.T. [Nev.]) 1863-1882, 1865-09-15
IRISH REVOLUTIONS

generation at home. The rapid spread Of
that Society in the United States and
Canada since its recent institution, has
been the subject Of much alarm in the
British Court. The Fenians on the west
ern continent are numbered by hundreds
of thousands, and in Ireland it appears
that as soon as circles were established
they received a support and attendance
wholly unprecedented. Irishuen every
where have a burning hate against Eng
land, and for seven centuries have repeat
eddy risen TO shake off the British yoke,
but have at every time been crushed, and
loaded with more misery. Ireland has
been a Roman Catholic country since the
advent in that Island of st. Patrick, A. u.
1888. 1t first came under the control Of
the British Kings by the action OF the
Catholic clergy, and its various revolu-
tons since have been ostensibly or in fact
instiga,ed and controlled by the Romish
priesthood. The English claim to author
ity in Ireland was first obtained in this
wise: In 1852 the supremacy Of the See
of Rome was acknowledge by a synod of
the Irish clergy. A few years afterwards
Pope Adrian ". conferred the sovereignty
on Henry II. of England, on payment by
the latter of Peters pence to the Court of
Rome. Since that time the Irish have had
cause to regret their devotion to the Holy
See. 1t was not long before the English
showed themselves hard masters, for so
soon thereafter as the reign of Edward
", the "head act" was passed, which
made it lawful to kill "any persons going
or coming having no faithful man OF good
name and fame in their company in Eng
lish apparel" In the reign Of James the
First, when the reformation was going on
IN England, Professionalism was introduced
into Ireland, mostly by English and
Scotch settlers. Few Irish were converted,
and in 1911. when the civil wars were 60
ing on in England, the Irish, encouraged
by the Pope and led by their clergy. took
advantage Of the favorable opportunity
and attempted TO drive the Protestant for
eigners out of the country. Social and
political, as well as religious animosities
embittered the contest, and it was carried
on in the most barbarous manner. 1t is
estimated that no fewer than 10000
Protestants persisted by violence in
Ulster county alone. In 1858 another
revolution broke out, this time headed by
James H., who had been driven from the
English throne. This rebellion was speed
lily quelled by William, Prince of Orange,
and then for a century followed relentless
prosecutions of the Catholics. They were
not eligible to Offices Of trust; were not
allowed to serve in the army or navy, or
exercise many other Of the rights Of citi-
zenship. In 1903 an instruction broke
out in Dublin, but was soon suppressed,
and Robert Emmett, who led it, paid the
penalty with his life. Its chief effect was
10 cause a renewal of harsh treatment.
Since his time several agitators have
sprung up, the chief of whom was Daniel
O'Connell. The Roman Catholics have
been the class most oppressed. They have
been the class that have raised the insur-
rections, but the treatment of all Irishmen
has been harsh. They have little or no
voice in the framing of the laws, their
members of the British Parliament being
so much in the minority that no law re-
lating to Irishmen can be passed without
the votes of E~nglishmen. The Govern
ment of Ireland at present consists Of a
Lord Lieutenant for the whole island and
Deputy Lieutenants tor the several coun-
ties, appointed by the Crown to hold office
during its pleasure. The Magistrates and
Constabulary are in like manner appoint
ed. The latter class of officers in 1859
numbered 1878. 1t can easily be seen
that the Irish are constantly subject to
oppression, if they do not suffer it. But
from the depopulation of the country
which is now going on, and has been 60
ing on for the past fifteen years, it is but
natural to suppose that complaints which
com from that island of oppression and
injustice are too true. 1t is difficult to
determine what this Fenian movement
will bring forth. 1t may force from Par
lament another Emancipation Act" or
i, may eliminate in another revolution.
II appears, however, that it has the oppo-
si,ion of the Roman Catholic priesthood;
not, however, from a want Of hatred and
opposition to England, but because they
are not allowed to have control of the
affair. If the Fenians keep it from their
hands and make it a purely patriotic
movement, they will stand a much greater
chance of success than by allowing it to
become u church affair. By the n course
they will gain the countenance and aid of
all true Irishmen, whithersoever dispersed
around the globe, and by the other only
the support of religious fanatics. If it is
maintained a patriotic movement, and cul-
inmates in war, a thousand good swords
that have done battle in another good
cause will leap from the scabbards to give
aid in this.
MANIA A Ppru. The woman Mrs.
Drum. who abandoned her W children