davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Charles City intelligencer. [volume] (Charles City, Floyd County, Iowa) 1864-1866, 1865-08-10
sheriff "a Sale.

NOTICE is hereby given, that by virtue OF
IN special execution duly issued by the
Clerk of the District Court of Floyd county,
State of Iowa, and to me directed, l have lev
led on and shall offer for sale at public auction
at the front door of the Court House in Saint
Charles, Floyd county, Iowa, on the 9th day
of September, A. d. 1865, at one o'clock in
the afternoon of said day, the following des-
cribed property, to wit:
The northwest quarter of the southeast
quarter in section sixteen 16) township nine
ty-fve 900 north of range eighteen Qs) west
of the fifth principal meridian, in Floyd coun-
ty, levied on as the property of Stephen p.
Britton to satisfy said execution in favor of
Floyd county for the use of the School Fund,
and against said Stephen P. Britton for
1926, 80 and interest and costs.
Terms of sale, cash in hand.
Dated, August l, A. d. 1865.
d. M. FERGUSON, Sheriff
of Floyd county, Iowa.
Fl. o. Pratt, Atty.
Charles City intelligencer. [volume] (Charles City, Floyd County, Iowa) 1864-1866, 1865-08-10

A lady has done, what the rebels
could never do-captured the gallant
ADMIRAL Dahlgren. He was married
ecently, in New York, to Mrs. God.
lard, daughter of the late Hon. Samu.
j F. Vinton, of Ohio.
Charles City intelligencer. [volume] (Charles City, Floyd County, Iowa) 1864-1866, 1865-08-10

Gen. Merritt's great cavalry expo
dition from Shreveport, La. has ar.
rived at Austin. the capital of Texas.
The old flag was raised on the CAPT.
tol for the first time in four years.
Charles City intelligencer. [volume] (Charles City, Floyd County, Iowa) 1864-1866, 1865-08-10

They kill dogs for killing sheep
down in Decatur County. They don't
do it in this part of tho world. The
Law hangs men for murder. II don't
hang dogs for the same crime.
Charles City intelligencer. [volume] (Charles City, Floyd County, Iowa) 1864-1866, 1865-08-10

The secessionists who left Wash.
4gton on the breaking out of the re-
bellion are returning in large numbers.
Gen. Augur has issued an order requir-
ing all such to walk up to his Office
aid report,
Charles City intelligencer. [volume] (Charles City, Floyd County, Iowa) 1864-1866, 1865-08-10

According to the Rocky Mountain
Ners there is great lack of women
IN Nevada and Colorado. There is
scarcely ono woman where six could
find profitable employment.
Charles City intelligencer. [volume] (Charles City, Floyd County, Iowa) 1864-1866, 1865-08-10

Ethan A. King. the horse thief. who
pleaded guilty at Des Moines, has
|oecn sentenced by the court to three
years 10 the State Prison.
Charles City intelligencer. [volume] (Charles City, Floyd County, Iowa) 1864-1866, 1865-08-10

Garrisons of colored troops have
oeen stationed at all important points
Ia South Carolina. to keep the still
rampant secessionists in check.
Charles City intelligencer. [volume] (Charles City, Floyd County, Iowa) 1864-1866, 1865-08-10

The heirs of President Lincoln own
loo acres of land in Iowa, conferred
upon him for services rendered in the
Black Hawk war.
Charles City intelligencer. [volume] (Charles City, Floyd County, Iowa) 1864-1866, 1865-08-10
SheriR's Sale,

NOTICE is hereby given, that by virtue
IN of a special execution duly issued by the
Clerk of the District Court of Floyd County,
State of Iowa, and to me directed, have lev.
led on and shall offer for sale at public auc-
ton. at the front door of the Court House in
st. Charles, Floyd county, Iowa, on the ninth
day of Sept, A. ID. 1865, at II clock i'm the
forenoon of said day, the following described
property, to wit:
The east half of the northeast quarter OF
section sixteen 16) in township ninety five
north of range eighteen 1sI west of the fifth
principal meridian, levied on as the property
OF George Wyatt to satisfy said execution in
favor of Floyd county for the use of the School
Fund and against said George Wyatt, fol
S422 35 and interest and costs.
Terms Of sale-Cash in hand.
Dated, Aug L., A. ID. 1865.
ID. Nj. FERGUSON,
Sheriff of Floyd County, Iowa.
III. o. Pratt, Attorney.
Charles City intelligencer. [volume] (Charles City, Floyd County, Iowa) 1864-1866, 1865-08-10
Sherif's Sale.


NOTICE is hereby given, that by virtue Of
IN Special Execution duly issued by the
Clerk Of the District Court of Floyd county,
State Of Iowa, and to me directed, have lev.
led on and shall offer for sale at Public Auction,
at the front door of the Court House in Saint
Charles, Floyd county, Iowa, on the 9th day
of Sept. A. ID. 1865, at III o'clock in the fore
noon OF said day, the following described
property, to wit:
The west half of the north. west quarter and
the east halfof the northwest quarter and the
northwest quarter of the north east quarter
OF sectiln sixteen Q6) township ninety five
north of range seventeen (l7) west of the fifth
principal meridian, levied on as the property
of Josiah Quimby to satisfy said execution in
favor OF Floyd county for the use of the
School Fund and against said Josiah Qumby
for $3.50, 81 and interest and costs.
Terms Of sals--cash in hand.
Dated, Aug. l, A. ID. 1865.
ID. NJ. FERGUSON, Sheriff
32w2 Of Floyd county, Iowa.
II. 0. Pratt, Atty.
Charles City intelligencer. [volume] (Charles City, Floyd County, Iowa) 1864-1866, 1865-08-10

Major General F. j. Heron has just
been on o visit to bis old home at Du.
buque.
Charles City intelligencer. [volume] (Charles City, Floyd County, Iowa) 1864-1866, 1865-08-10

An anaconda in a museum in Gin
cinnatirecently gave birth to thirty
three y Dung reptiles.
Charles City intelligencer. [volume] (Charles City, Floyd County, Iowa) 1864-1866, 1865-08-10
Sherif's Sale.


NOTICE is hereby given, that by virtue of
~ special execution, duly issued by the
Clerk of the District Court of Floyd county,
State Of Iowa, and to me directed / have lev
led on and shall offer for sale at public auction
at the front door of the Court House i'm ST.
Charles, Floyd county, Iowa, on the 9th day
of September, A. d. 1865, at one O'Clock in
the afternoon Of said day, the following de.
scribed property, to wit
The northwest quarter of the northeast
quarter of section sixteen l6) township nine.
ty-six 1861 north of range eighteen l8, west
OF the fifth principal meridian, levied on as
the property of Appleton X. jackson 10 satisfy
said execution in favor of Floyd county FOR the
use of the School Fund and against said APP
pleton Il. Jackson for S355,52 and interest
and costs.
Terms of sale--Cash in hand.
Dated, Aug. LIST, A. ID. 1865.
..- ID. NJ. FERGUSON,
32w2 Sheriff of Floyd County, Iowa
IL. o. Pratt; Attorney.
Charles City intelligencer. [volume] (Charles City, Floyd County, Iowa) 1864-1866, 1865-08-10

Trinity church, of New York, has
many mansions on earth, if not in
heaven
Charles City intelligencer. [volume] (Charles City, Floyd County, Iowa) 1864-1866, 1865-08-10

A palace in Mexico, built by Cortez,
is said to contain 100 70 oms.
Charles City intelligencer. [volume] (Charles City, Floyd County, Iowa) 1864-1866, 1865-08-10
SheriR's Sale,

NucIlu Ntlcs
NOTICE is hereby given, that by virtue Of
IN Special Execution, duly issued by the
Clerk of the District Court of Floyd county,
State of Iowa, and to me directed, / have lev
led on and shall offer for sale at public auction,
at the front door of the Court House in Saint
Charles, Floyd county, Iowa, on the 9th day
of Sept, A. ID. 1865, at 10 O'Clock in the fore.
noon of said day, the following described prop
erty, to wit:
The northeast quarter Of section thirty.
three 1881 in township ninety seven (97) north
OF range seventeen I'D west, also the south
west quarter OF the south west quarter section
five ~ in township ninety-tive (95) north OF
range sixteen Q6l west, also the north west
quarter OF the northeast quarter of section
twenty-one (2l) in township ninety-six l96)
north of range fifteen Q5), levied ON as the
property of A. L. Collins, s. b. Starr and j
v. w. Montague, to satisfy said execution in
favor of Floyd county for the use of the School
Fund and against said A. L. Collins, 8. %.
Starr and j. V. w. Montague for $500, SO and
interest and costs.
Terms of sale-cash in hand
Dated, Aug. I, A. ID. 1865.
ID. NJ. FERGUSON, Sheriff
OF Floyd County. Iowa,
II. o. Pratt, Attorney.
Charles City intelligencer. [volume] (Charles City, Floyd County, Iowa) 1864-1866, 1865-08-10

young woman who was driven to distrac-
ton now fears that she will have to walk back
Charles City intelligencer. [volume] (Charles City, Floyd County, Iowa) 1864-1866, 1865-08-10
Estray Colts.

IStTdy UUItS.
Strayed from the premises of the subscriber
in Howardville, Floyd county, Iowa, on or
about the first day OF May last,
Two Colts,
one, a two years old dark brown or black mare,
medium size, with no white marks; the other,
yearling stallion colt, of dark bay color, with
black name and tail, white star in the fore
head, one white hind foot. and scar on the
left fore leg near the shoulder.
Any one who will give information that
shall lead to the recovery of these colts shall
be literally rewarded. Address the subscriber
at Charles City, Floyd Co., Iowa.
J. T. NEWTON.
June IL, 1865. 25tf
Charles City intelligencer. [volume] (Charles City, Floyd County, Iowa) 1864-1866, 1865-11-16
The State Militia.

The Adjutant General of the State
has shipped to Rock Island Arsenal
ninety boxes (l,S00) Austrian rifles
from the State Arsenal at Clinton, and
proposes to send an equal number in
a short time. This will about clean
out the State Arsenal at Clinton. We
are glad of it. Gen. Baker has acted
wisely in turning over these arms to
the United States. 1t will save a
charge of thousands of dollars to the
State by the General Government.
The militia system of the State under
the law of the last session of the Legis-
lature is really imperative; it amounts
to nothing and the best efforts of the
State authorities will utterly fail to
put life into the carcass of the State
militia. If anything is worth doing,
it is worth doing well. If a militia
law is worth passing-and we believe
we should have a good one, and an
operative one-it should be worth OBJ
servance, and dictate penalties for
nonobservance. If every able bodied
citizen between the ages of 1s and As
years does not do duty he should be
fined and some particular person
should be authorized and compelled to
report delinquencies. Notwithstand-
ing the contemplation of fines by the
present law, the fines have been avoid
ed and neglected because the provis-
ions were not sufficiently stringent.
Prompt Justice should visit the heads
of those who do not obey the law, if
the law is worth obeying. Companies
all over the State are returning the
arms sent to them at great expense
for the purpose of drill and military
exercise. Although we believe that
arms should be in the Arsenal rather
than in the hands of men who are not
disposed to use them to perfect them
selves in the manuel of arms, and in
clined to neglect them and inutility,
yet we are in favor of compelling by
law every man to perfect himself in
military drill, and in default to pay a
fine, easily collected. Let us have
good militia law, else no law at least
no farcical enactment, mere incum-
brance upon the statutes.-Darenport
Gazette.
Charles City intelligencer. [volume] (Charles City, Floyd County, Iowa) 1864-1866, 1865-11-16
Mist.IIanp.
Arizona.

Arizona was the theatre of an an
Gent civilization, which has left mon
uments, but not history. Well con-
structed houses are existing there, I'M
tenanted, and evidences of extensive
mining and agriculture. II was evil
IDENTIFY not Aztec, but Toltecan or ante
Toltecan civilization. Among the
structures erected by former people
in Arizona is house larger than the
city hall of New York and five stories
high. Certainly that surpasses Mr..
Benedict Arnold's windmill at New
port in the point of marvel. The Apa-
ches, a species of Indians analogous
to the Malays of India, now overrun
the Territory, and cannot be civilized.
The Mokes are more interesting peo-
pie. They live upon the mountains,
and cultivate the land in the valleys,
for which they pay tribute of one
tenth to the Apaches. They now
number about 1900, are of fair COM
plexion and somewhat European fea-
lures. Some Welsh colonists of Utah
visited them and found a remarkable
similarity of language, the same intri-
cate system of consonantal words and
other dialectic peculiarities belonging
to the Cymraeg. Colonel Porter, from
these facts, wove out the theory that
Prince Madoc, who left North Wales
in the reign of Henry H., of England,
was the founder of an American colo
ny, of which the Mokes are the descend
ants. The poem of Southey may not
then be altogether fancy. 1t would,
if carefully examined, be found to
square with all that is known or
plausibly conjectured Viking visit
ors of Vinland found in this vicinity, a
white people of Celtic origin, and call
ed their country Hvitramannaland, the
land of the white man and the Iro-
quois had tradition that when they
took possession of the State OF New
York, they found and expelled peo-
pie, who took to boats and sailed
down the Allegheny and Ohio rivers,
and never were heard of afterward.
The Mokes were found in Mexico by
the Spaniards, and destroyed several
expeditions that were sent for their
destruction The Freebooting Apa-
ches have since reduced their num-
bers, crowded them to the westward,
and circumscribed them to a small
territory, where they live by tillage
and other arts of peace. This chain
of history is, to say the least, as well
connected as the evidence in favor of
the old Bourbon among u.s."
Charles City intelligencer. [volume] (Charles City, Floyd County, Iowa) 1864-1866, 1865-11-16
DIR. GUYSOTTS
IMPROVED EXTRACT OF
Yellow Dock and Sarsapari|Ia

The following case Of Benjamin Hughes,
is one of the most astonishing on record.
After forty years sickness. two years ex-
cruiiatina torture, the smputation Of one
leg. and the body and limbs almost Q mass
Of eating, purifying, discharging ulcers,
TO be cured by eight bottles Of 0uysotts
Yellow Dock and sarsapMilla b almost
miraculous
Charles City intelligencer. [volume] (Charles City, Floyd County, Iowa) 1864-1866, 1865-11-16
A LECTURE
To Xoung Men.
Just PujIisbeJ in n Scaled EnreIope

Just Published, in a Sealed Enrelope.
Price Six Cents.
Lecture ON the Nature, Treatment, and
radical cure of Seminal Weakness, or Sperma-
torrhea, induced by selfabusc ; Involuntary
Emissions, lmpotency, Nervous Debility, and
Impediments to Marriage generally; Consump-
tion, Epilepsy and Fits; Mental and Physical
Incapacity, &c.-By ROB. j. CUvERWELL,
M. d., Author of the Green Book, &c.
The world-renowned author, in this admi-
rable Lecture, clearly proves from his own ex-
perience that the awful consequences of self.
abuse may be effectually removed without
medicine, and without dangerous surgical OPP
erations, bougies, instruments, rings or cordi-
ais, pointing out mode of cure at once GER
tain and effectual, by which every sufferer. no
matter what his condition may be, may cure
himself cheaply, privately and radically. This
Lecture will prove boon to thousands and
thousands.
Sent under seal, in a plain envelope, to any
address. on the receipt of six cents, or two
postage stamps. by addressing
CHAS. j. G. KLINE & co.
l27 Bowery, New York, Post Office Box, 1886
Charles City intelligencer. [volume] (Charles City, Floyd County, Iowa) 1864-1866, 1865-11-16

For purifying the Blood removing all chronic constitu
onal diseases arising from impure OF tho Flood.
and the only reliable and eaoctua known remedy for tho
cure OF scrosula scad lead, Salt Rheum. Pains and
Swelings OF the Do9cs Ulccrations OF tho Throat and
Legs Botches Pmples the Face. letter Erysipelas.
and al scaly Eruptious Of tho Skin,
Charles City intelligencer. [volume] (Charles City, Floyd County, Iowa) 1864-1866, 1865-11-16
Once in a church. a YOUNG man WI

Once in church, young man who
carried a collecting-plate, before start
ing to collect: put his hand in his
pocket as nsnai, put shilling, as he
supposed, ON the plate, and then pass
ed it round among the congregation,
which numbered many young and
pretty girls The girls, as they look
ed at the plate, all seemed astonished
and amused and the young man,
taking glance at the plate, found
that, instead of shilling, he had put
conversation-lozenge on the plate,
with the words, Will you marry me p
in red letters, stareing everybody in
the face None of the young ladies,
however, closed with the offer.
Charles City intelligencer. [volume] (Charles City, Floyd County, Iowa) 1864-1866, 1865-11-16
Illinois Central Railroad.
- H 6
TRAINS LEAVE DUNLETTH :

TRAINS LEAVE DUNLEITH:
Day Express, 700 A. NJ, Sundays excepted.
Night Express, 500 ?. NJ. Saturdays excepted
CONNECTIONS.
At Warren with Mineral Point Railroad for
Darlington and Mineral Point.
At Freeport, with Galena and Chicago Rail-
road, for Rockford, Beloit, GAINESVILLE, Madi-
son and Chicago; also with Racine and Mis-
sissippi Railroad for Beloit, GAINESVILLE, Madi-
son, Racine, Milwaukee and Chicago.
At Chicago, with all Eastern lines, for De-
troit, Cleveland, Buffalo, Niagara Falls, New
York, Boston, Montreal, Pittsburg, Philadel-
phia and Baltimore.
AT Dixon, with Dixon Air Line Railroad, for
Fulton, Lyons, Clinton and Cedar Rapids.
At Mendoza with Chicago, Burlington and
Quincy railroad, for Galesburg, Burlington
Quincy, Hannibal, and st. Joseph.
AT laSalle, with Chicago and Rock Island
Railroad. for Peoria, Rock Island, Davenport,
Muscatine and Iowa City.
At FL Paso, with Logansport, Peoria and
Burlington railroad, for Peoria Logansport
At Bloomington, with st. Louis, Alton and
Chicago Railroad, for Springfield, Alton and
ST. Louis.
At Decatur, with Great Western Railroad.
tor Springfield, Jacksonville, Naples, Quincy,
Danville and Lafayette.
Louis Eailraad, for Alton st. Louis. Jefferson
City, Terre Haute, indianapolis, Louisville,
Cincinnati, Columbus, Wheeling, Baltimore,
Washington and Philadelphia
Al Sandoval, with Ohio and Mississippi rail
road for St Louis, Vincennes, Evansville,
Louisville, Cincinnati, Columbus, Baltimore.
Washington and Philadelphia
At Cairo with adaly line of steamers, leav-
ing every evening for Memphis and interme-
date points.
For Through Tickets,
apply at the Principal Stations upon the Du-
buque and Sioux City Railroad also at the
Depot ut Dunleith. w. X. ARTHUR.
General Superintendent.
w. r. JOHNSON, Gen. Pas. Agent.
Charles City intelligencer. [volume] (Charles City, Floyd County, Iowa) 1864-1866, 1865-11-16
NOT A FEW
HELMBoLD,s ROSE wAsH.

HELMBoLD'S ROSE WASH,
An excellent Lotion for diseases arising from habits Of
dissipation used In connection with the Exrsco Buchu
and Sarsapara. In such diseases recommended. Evi.
dence Of the most responsible and reliable character win
accompany the medicines. Also explicit directions for
use ni Aundreds Of thousands living Witnesses and mp
wards Of $1,000 unsolictod certificates and recommends-
tory letters many OF which nom tho highest
including eminent Physicians. Clergymen Statesmen &C.
The Proprietor has never resorted 10 their publication IN
the newpaper he does not do this from the that hs
articles rank Standard Preparations and do not heed
70 be propped mp By certificates.
The Science Of Medicine IKE the Dor3o coumn sAouid
stand simple pure majestic. having Fact for It, hea
Induction for its pillar and Truth alone To- its Csplal
Charles City intelligencer. [volume] (Charles City, Floyd County, Iowa) 1864-1866, 1865-11-16

Gov. Stone has commissioned Rev.
Thompson Bird to obtain all possible
information in reference to Iowa SOL
diers who died in rebel prisons in vir-
ginia, North and South Carolina and
Georgia. Mr.. Bird will spend the
winter in the South, with headquar-
tiers and postofice address at Yancey-
vile, North Carolina.
Charles City intelligencer. [volume] (Charles City, Floyd County, Iowa) 1864-1866, 1865-11-16

S. w. Cole, the popular Superinten-
dent OF schools Of Fayette county, in
forms Us that there have been twenty
new school houses built in this county
during the past summer, four Of which
were built in this town. This simple
fact speaks volumes in favor of the in
telligence and enterprise Of the good
people Of this county.-ReoOyd.
Daily Davenport Democrat. [volume] (Davenport, Iowa) 1864-1874, 1865-04-24
HEADQUARTERS ARMY OF THE

1 L
New dispositions of the Army Of the 20
| tomac have been made The 9th corps ar.
relieved from guarding the South Side mil
| road and ordered to Washington. Im nc
places are to he taken by the 9th corps Inc
| 9th and I'd corps have rs yet receive" ~ " :
| ,lers. but are hourly expecting 10 nc seht 70
some prominent point
"Wednesday was observed as Gay OF
mourning in the army, labor being suspend
cd. Nothing was talked of in the camps
among officers and men but the sad fate Of
entertained in regard to the terrible tragedy,
while all their sympathics are with the be-
reaycd family Of the deceased
The Richmond Wing Of yesterday SAYS:
For some days it has been reported here
that the so-callcd Confederate Government,
consisting Of jeff Davis and the handful oi
his officers and soldiers, had reached Angus
Ia, Ga, and made show to establish itself
there preparatory to fight to the trans Mis-
sissippi.
Gen. Lee and staff or rather those who
accompanied him to Richmond, were ycster
day photographed in group.
The first auction sale since the occupation
Of Richmond by the Federal forces was held
yesterday ut thcauction house Of f. b. Cook
Main street The auctionecr came down
very gracefully out Of the Confederate at
mosphcre Of $50 and 800 bids and took
very gold naturally the bids of so cents and
81 in currency.
The ordinance of secession was adopted by
Virginia on the 18th of April, 1861, by a vote
of yeas ~, nays S. Among those who voted
in the negative were John Janley, Of Lon
down, the venerable President of the Con-
vention, and John b. Baldwin, of Augusta,
ate Representative in the Confederate Con-
grcsS.
Daily Davenport Democrat. [volume] (Davenport, Iowa) 1864-1874, 1865-04-24
A Perfect Cure for Catnrrh!
[7NP S S \ 5IIgI|$||'l
AND NODE or TREATMENT ~

AND MODE or TREATMENT ID
The .1rsese Or Psr6tclt0Se.
n Ne mraralrs the secret Amb0sk
OF this ter, lblc aia ase aud cxtermnstes II. root
and branch, forever.
II resnOvcs All she WreacbeA
consumption
IL cleans the head. deoaov lees
the breath. aud affords the most grateful relief.
h a1eviaaes snore Agony and sle
lent suffering than tongues can tell.
n II noted fur curlng The mose
hopeless cases, thsf every known means have
failed in.
Il cures lgsy, REESE and Period.
Il ic Catsrrh, Of the moot obstinate snd violent
No fsrna orCassrrh Or nesses In
the head can resist its penetrating power.
Or. ljoooaoe hes now spene .
lifetime In battling with this fell disease. His tri-
iDr. isoodnie's Cmtarrh R~neay
lea harmless liquid. inhaled from the pslm q
the hand.
Dr. Z. Gsesaale IL knows shre'.
ought the country a. the author Of the only True
Theory Of Cstarrh ever published. Where IL
origin-what lis ravages-mode Of treatment
and rapid cure in oil ITS forms
1Dr. ROOda1e's Pamphlet On Cas
tC-rh should be read by every one. II can b.
obtained at our nearest Agency, or by SEEDING
postage stamp to our office
THE PEOPLE AND THE PRESS.
CArARRH- name Of Dr. r.. Goodslc has
become familiar throughout the country In the
victims Of Catsrrh. from his well earned fame 10
curing this terrible discasc. He IL the Ara anA
only person who ever penetrated the secret an.
bush Of this fearful malady. His remedy and
mode Of treatment is the only one ever known 10
cure it.--lTroy. N. Y. Daily Times
Pliny Mills, the we'll known traveller. end
whose family Physician DR.. Goodale ives for
many years. saws:
IF DR. Goodale says he can cure Catarrh he
| can cure it, He further certfes thst the DR..
has few equals in medical skill snd no superiors
I in successful practice
Hay, Rose and Periodic Catsrrb,-Dr. Good
| ale's Catsrrh Remedy snd mode oftreatment not
only affords the greatest relief in every variety
OF Catarrh but Il extinguishes the disease forev-
er in al its types and stages. Every one spssks
we'll Of it.-lN Y. Com. Adve,t iser.
Price q. kend stamp for pamphlet.
NORTON = CO, Sole Agents.,
feb9s-dly rs bleecker st., N. r.