davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The daily dispatch. [volume] (Richmond [Va.]) 1850-1884, 1864-04-27

aass N iHDsARA.-A fsw days slacs q sCoppss.
- Named tccart, while In the cafs near Le
Aoy' laa.' exprsssed his opinion about Lincosn,
waea soldier sssack him, aad HeCan killed hin
WIN kaife Attic next station McCart rot out,
was 81 up'n By soldiers and instantly killed. Tho
inssana Journal. notlcias his death, Gays.
Connected with the death or McCart n one c,v.
cumsssace which 10 - disaereeable - the murder
lsseIt. Ms body was taken 10 the Chsisiian burial
e.O~"e uest orleans for lntesmont, but is was De
s ~ the church because, ~ It was al
.sgsa, "n wonid be m Insult - the soldiers" n
~ soW resting place on the sacred spot claimed
ny These spatff tic" pharisees. TIE body was
ta.sn 70 tho Baptist cemetery and dccenty later
The Princeton Uad.) Dsmeers. has tn. following
additional sketch Of life In thas State:
: on Saturday last man named Francis worrili
TO the 4si Iadiaaa W. have heard SEE several e. liver, ver
s.ons .! the cause Of this murder, and near q we
can Judge, the following ID about correct: This
man h MoFnl came from tue South, and clai med 10
uo = enaOn refugee In conversation with seve
RAJ dinefent persons he had expressed himself In
Opposition TO sOmc Of the policy Of the Adminis-
tfstioW tie was pointed out TO these soldiers as
feoei Spy, and being led into the street they In
formed him that be could have his choice of three
ihinss, VIZ rope, taking the oath Of allegiance,
or being shot. He i"timaied that they had no
right TO administer the oath TO him, when one fred
aud shot him In the leg. The other soldier re-
marked, s'lf that IL the best vow can do thInk I
caa beat H." and ratsing his gun ah0t wOszali
tnreu2h tse body. when he fell and expired In
about an hour. No arrests were made.
The following certificate Of loyalty was found
up ~ the person Of the murdered man:
eve do hereby certify that We have known Mr.
franklin Worrill over twelve months; he has re-
sided At Clifton Mills, Breckinridse county. Ky;
ne has been loyal man all the time, and for the
Union and the Constitution; AMI nj the August
election he voted the BramIette and Jacobs ticket,
and for George w German for Congress, this 18th
DAY Of September, 1863. Samuel Parks, justice of
the peace Of Breckinridge county.
81 JOHNSON, PBC.
ssS G. CRLWFORD,
The daily dispatch. [volume] (Richmond [Va.]) 1850-1884, 1864-04-27

Assprseia0 1orsse Some excitement was
produced ia this city yesterday by the ap-
Pearauce of cavalfy guard on the StreAfe,
bearing with them Instructions nom hgh
Government authority 70 impress such
hofses - were deemed needful 70 the ssf-
vlce IN iow moments sohething Hike .
paeae sProeu among the market men, and
many Of tham hitched up and started home
weshout waiting to dispose Of the produce
they aao brought for sale. In or Ter TO -
certain how far these improvements wore to
be carried, Mr. Samuel Elhs, the Clerk OF
the First Market, waited upon the INSPECTOR
9enerM OF transportation, from whom he
received tho following answer to hla inter
roGat0ries relative to market carts:
.. "cgrlcn tnsP's 0sS'L FIELD TRA xep,n.
RlchupOnd, April ae, l60A
M Saxsaea 1uis, Clerk Firm Market:
"Sls: In auSWeS } the Qusstion Whrthes II tsia-
tended 70 Impress the anjalals woskiax 10 tho mar
Bet eaFts supplying city maskes. have say II 10
pressed. Very sespe csfsity,
"WH. n. GiDBons,
"xsj. ssd Aet,s Insp'f 0ea'l rrsnsp'an
The celebrated race horse ssTanny," be-
longing to Major Thomas ~. boswell, OF
this city, was among the nags pounced upon
BY the Government impresslng guard. The
horse was at the farm Of Nal. 0.S father, .
few miles from the city, And HouaA have
been forthwith taken Of btt10t tAotrepGe
sentati0n of the value of the animal, and the
entering into heavy bonds by Mr.. boswell
that another animal would be furnished IN
her place. The owner of "Fanny" had re-
fused $1,OOO for her before the war.
The daily dispatch. [volume] (Richmond [Va.]) 1850-1884, 1864-04-27

Robbery and Firs.-About three O'Clock
yesterday morning the torch of the iucen-
diary. was applied to the residence Of Dr..
David Watson, on the corner of Franklin
and 9th streets. The fire was built In the
front basement room, in which the pro.
rable headway before the family sleeping
above were aroused. The entire frame work
Of the storeroOm was consumed, and con-
siderable damage was done to the window
shutters and framesabove before the flre could
be extinguished. Before attempting to burn
the dwelling 1t is believed that large amount
of groceries was removed by the perpetra
tors of the act, as there were traces Of -four,
meal, &c, communicating from the end
window across the pavement to the street.
where In all probability wagon was In wait.
Ing to receive It. The loss sustained is esti.
mated at from three to i've thousand dol
lare.
The daily dispatch. [volume] (Richmond [Va.]) 1850-1884, 1864-04-27

Memo SOLDIERs IN THE N0Rra The Yankees
are going on In their mad passion for the elevation
of the negro. They are not content at putting
them on an equality with their whites, but they
want TO make even more Of them. The Albany
Argus s even forced 10 make the following COZ
feYsiOn:
In awarding apparent equality Of pay between
white and black troops, the Administration, how
ever goes bey0nd In fact, and gives the negro SOL
sumes the support of his family and for every me-
gro soidier enlisted, 1t finds from five to eight
men or children, or invalid or decTePid men,
thrown absolutely upon 1t for daily food. The ne
gro troops, therefore, will, under this system Of
equality, be the highes: paid troops In the wo,d
Wendell Phillips spoke Of them as our mobiles TO
whom the land Of the South We're 70 be awarded,
as William The Conqasror divided England among
pension list TO an extent that few realize, and
which the heads Of departments refuse to reveal.
But even this vast expenditure gives no relief IL
this fated class. They suffer and perish In their
We have published some evidence from Aboli-
ton sources upon this point. A letter from Cha?
lain Fisk, dated the l4th inst, 70 the Springfield
(1ass. Keputtiea", presents some facts which ATE
new. He says:
There are between Memphis and Eatchez Rot
less than fifiy thousand blacks, from among whom
have been called all the able bodied men tor the
military service Thirty five thousand Of these,
viz: tbose In camps between Helena and Natchez,
are furnished the shelter Of old tents and subslst
ence of cheap ratiOns by the Government. but are
IN All other thIpes in extreme destitutlon. Their
ciothing In perhaps the case Of fourth of this
number is but one single worn and scanty garment
Many children are wrapped night and DAY IN sat,
tered blankets their sale apparel. Hut few OF all
these people have had any change Of ralment since,
In mid summer or earlier, they came rom the
abandoned plantations Of their masters
Mu,titudes of them have no beds Of bedding.
the ciayey earth the resting place Of women ma and
babes through these stormy winter months. Tbey
I've Of necessity In extreme fI!hlness; ana are a.
Hicted with all fatal seases. Medical attendance
and supplies are very inadequate. They can not,
during The winter d.pc:ed % labor n ars ss
support and compensated labor cannos pc psoe.asa .
for them In the camps. They csanOt, ID theif
presen, condition, survive the wa,es :. It,. = is M. ny
conviction that, unrelieved, the half OF them wln
perish before the spring. Last winter. dunne the
months Of February, March, and April buried,
al Memphis alone, out OF an average 0f tour inon
sand twelve HUNDRED OF these people, o. Twelve
day One day We buried thiny-hve. Tnose wno
have been gathered iato camp ths summer ase
quite - destltuse ~ those who wefS ON ONT henas
last winter.
The daily dispatch. [volume] (Richmond [Va.]) 1850-1884, 1864-04-27
THAT FRENCH TOBACCO.

II is now definitely ascertained that the
rrsnch vessels referred to in our Issue of yes
,erday took away 12O hegsheads of tobacco
ODe hundred and twenty more had reached
Ps,esburg, and would have been sent to
Ci.y Point on Sunday afternoon but for the
srivL Of Buffers messenger. The total
saount purchased by the French agents was
200 hogsheads, !, 800 of which was stored
b P1iersburg.
The daily dispatch. [volume] (Richmond [Va.]) 1850-1884, 1864-04-27
NLD B:UR WANTKD,
~ At Cdreent Rates,

NLD B:U1 WANTKD,
~ At Oareent Rates;
For the following Goods
2O0O yds English and American caiicoes
1nO0 yds fancy mOuslin delsine0
SOOO yds 8S inch English bleached shirting
LOO yds super fancy fannels, for ladies' wrap
pings or gents summer suits
6OO yds fne check taped muslin
500 yds 6ne cambric Eus ins
200 yds tine dmi.y
200 yds Scotch ginghams
ScOO yds Virginia domet tic, plaids and stripes
200 yds Foulard silks, for trimming
5000 yds GraDitcviile 81 inch brown sheetinzs
SON yds e brown Sbrtings
800 yds x do do
loo, fancy cotton pocket hdkss
400 superior fancy cAlicn shirts
800 linen pocket hdkfa
10000 pairs shoe strings
300 lbs superior bleached English shoe thread
1000 pairs adies' and chiidren's hose
500 ladies' tuck combs
200 dressing combs, q very scarce article
1900 fine tooth combs, assorted
eco tooth brushes
1000 lead pencils. pens, ink
40 gross lasting, Coat, and vest buttons
1850 dos agate shirt buttons
800 pairs cotton cards, No 10.
For sale At w POLKS
ap 2t-4srh, 81, ,G&Wt 1877 Main st.
The daily dispatch. [volume] (Richmond [Va.]) 1850-1884, 1864-04-27
WAR NEWS.


..,. our readers this morning with
a,,,s news Of this character. We had
Wy D. .., morning = report Of another raid
y's. ss. psnipsulA, which, however, dwindled
% ~. ..,.nly a the day wore away. and
c''sls as srploded on the arrival of the York
Nv" y" additional news has been received
" p,-mouth. with the exception Of the
ir'I # killed and wounded in Kemper's
'au .'ss and in the ssth virginia battalion
s'..,,srv The loss In the former was Ave
GA md forty-fve wounded; the lstter
il'' .,,lea and twenty>seven wounded
-" oa,, nreyailed there on Saturday. when
Vs.. .a.,.n, Thomas Lewis, of the ssth bat
.~on A Of Virginia artillery. LEFT in charge Of
, ns Wessell and staff, together with other
S. S.a.se officers, captured at that post.
~ss following Is list Of the casualties In
=. seumond Fayette ARTILLERY, 1t. VIM. J.
ror.on commanding, In the attack on Ply
I ..ou,s on the 18th inst.
ve,ed.-Privaies Geo Benton, 'ao Raufke.
a,..naea.--pasatss Edwin Cooke, severely In
a .,,,,: Richd B Dowdeu, slishtly Ia left side;
=, n soeInson, elish,ly In abdomen; WIN A A.
=. ,,,n, leg shot OF; Jamss Barnes, night foot
-, oo; Thos Lilias, severely In lett cheek !;
~.slua,on o Martin, severely checked by ex.
,sln Of caisson.
OCCASIONAL cannonading was heard yester-
s,r morning in the direction Of Ely's ford.
cavalry scouting expedition reports that
n, Yankee is to be seen above Fredericks-
,nrr or around Falmouth. Grant has evi.
asu,ly been making feints. for the purpose
Il feeling our lines, or Is endeavoring to
tyer. attention by his maneuvres, but We
oOiae that he viii find his match when he
,,mes TO Join the final issue with the re-
Aonhtable Lee.
The daily dispatch. [volume] (Richmond [Va.]) 1850-1884, 1864-04-27
Tyranny Of lgnOroG ce,

When the reign of terror first began to
sweep over France one of its earliest vic
tins Of note was Gen. Custine-that Gene
raj whose invasions of the heart of Germany
and taking of Mayence, had endeared him
both to the people and tho army. His pop
ularity indeed was immense, for to the sue
es.e. Of the soldier he added the attractions
Of great generosity OF disposition, and man
Der. st once courteous and military. But he
WAS carried away from the midst OF devoted
army by the commlssary Of the convention
and brought to Paris to render an account of
bis military inactivity. What was the Of
fence upon which he was tried for his life and
lost his head' We give it in the language cf
historian of the Reign of Terror. "Hs
xiH pas hagiag Mingled science with soar-
The Montagnards desired . rapid and cur
sary campaign; they required plebeian gene.
nls to direct the plebeian masses, and igno.
mt generals to invent modern warfare"
II was in vain that Custine, in a defence
luminous as light, and fortified by unanswer.
sbe facts, aunihiated every inculpation of
his accusation. His very defence proved him
lman Of science. "Dost thou use to write
ey name:' quoth Jack Cade; cor hast thou
snsrk to thyself. like an honest, plain deal
Ing man." Clerk-"Sir, thank God have
hssu so we'll brought up that can write my
i,ue.' Cade-"Away with him; hang him
With bis pen and inkhorn about his neck" :"
laslike spirit Custine was sent to the gull.
lotine
GOD is not honored by human know
ledge, =" said fanatic to the witty DR.. South.
'stlll less is he honored by human igno-
rance was the crushing rejoinder. We are
reminded Of these things when we hear the
learned criticisms by civilians of military
sdnestion, aud military measures. Custine
could not be brought to the block in Ameri.
aior "mingling science with war;" but the
gaillotine Of public opinion would quite as
Tectually take his head from the army. One
Of the wisest conclusions ever arrived at by
aeivilan was that Of James Madison-'leave
military measures to military men,"
The daily dispatch. [volume] (Richmond [Va.]) 1850-1884, 1864-04-27

Circuit Court Of Hsarieo C0Mnty-Judge
Gregory presiding.-John NcGee and
Michael Morton, charged with breaking into
the house Of Patrick O'Keefe, on the 18th
December, 1858, were placed ct the bar and
plead not guilty. They were tried by differ
ent juries, found guilty, and sentenced to
the penitentiary-McGee for three years and
Morton for one year.
VIM. Wright, Yankee deserter, charged
with breaking into the heu-h0use Of gate
wood Talley, on the 34th Of February, 1854.
and stealing 10 hens thereirom, plead not
guilty. He WAS tried. found guilty, and SEN
fenced to four years In tho ponitentiary.
The daily dispatch. [volume] (Richmond [Va.]) 1850-1884, 1864-04-27

PRIcEs IN MoBsIs.-There are evident sieus of
rapid decline in prices Of groceries, provisions,
&c. For instance, butter sold in this market,
at IS q $6 q b. Bacon is offered a 80 So D b.
Fresh meats have declined from 80 TO SO per cen.
within the lust ten days. Corn is selling nov at
SS q IS, according 70 quality. By the way, we
art requested 10 say there Is large steam mill up
town that continues to sell meal at 81 =, bushei,
when all other mills In the city sell a. S5 Q bushel.
Mobile Tribune.
The daily dispatch. [volume] (Richmond [Va.]) 1850-1884, 1864-04-27

'Ahukt AND BURNING OF tbs TEXAN Star BY
'H' alABiaA.-The Northern papers copy from
se arails East Tndies) Tin,ss the particulars OF
@e capture and burning Of the American ship
1elaa h'ar by the Alabama. The Texan Star was
"'''hs ior Singapore, with large cargo Of rice
'as account given by one Of her officers says:
ABOUT iTo o'clock r. NJ. we observed a steameS
g., Sting hoflh, which, upon making Out the Texan
aefed her course directly for US, and when
,ns mum Ohe mlle SET the Confederate ag and fred
:, ~ answer immediately Get the British ensign
ss. "' peak and hove to. Upon nearing the Texan
aa armed boats crew, with an Qficer, left the
am.' eas,ia. and came alongside; the officer when
,nx ss,a 20 on BOARD demanded 10 see the ships pa
r, ~, ~nieh ae immediately did The papers were
,,s@., poIi clearance, aud bill OF IadIng. Upon
ws.a wa%'nAion, The ofieer Informed me that they
eas,,. nos satisfactory, and that he should take
unu ne could communicate with his conn
Iva as,n Ipt semmes. Of the Alabama. Calling
forc,.,,au men, one OF whom was stationed on the
back ";, ",e OlhcF on the poop, he sent the boat
once esn'a . message TO Capt Semmcs, who At
Ia .sie On board the Texan Star and dema nded
"sse ny papers "''" '''"""'e"
Tss .Ss' MIN the register, which he examined.
m,ehm.a.e was bona Gde British register on
lie. In nos,n.d ISSUED ey the proper British authosi-
Captain san ssn,." AMER examining this document
ha,. SsS BY any false papers; that / ought to
lad ,ha, :. eehihcate that the transfer was legal.
,aid cha, =, ,s should burn my ship" Upon this /
ane,ss,s Ine documents I held were legal and
saiss ~. proof Of my Nationality, and protested
lM.hs .oofn'nk the vessel" TO this he paid
I'D b. ha h"sssl NY attention, but went on deck and
he,bsn ,s,, sf, you will burn this vessel.n
fle Is, iIa'ned I,..!d on board the Alabama.
ktu ma ~ eau'enans then came On board the Texan
" iss, oA s. charge, hauled down the English
ssssd n, vas sss,. hyns at the peak, let 10 snchor,
he vesssI "a ssn. aud made preparations for settles
hsake ., Va nfe, staying Ia the cabine, skyiishis
ealsd NJ. s.oa dfauehi We were then taken on
1enh H., A'lsosnla, and immsdiaiely after the
laldnish, "a wa theB proceeded up the strait. asd
Aslse".s ssme 70 anchor ave miies on the town
Atsys..sI steam was kept up an nish,.-
shics ws,s ! va: called upon 70 open ~ essnks,
9Nns 4 sSsafehed BY IN Olkess ana the maveer
sss o., ssS e ~ eossaisias loo rupees was saken
Evsis s..a .ne alsc . nlghi- -siaas aud pert cf nv
= u 49, =. Ny el6eenT hags were sesrehs1
I ssa,ss vls ss aos 70 serve aeainse de Copfb1sr-
ssss Ne AisSs ss,ssesnsea. We were ~ ~
"n''s sowiss) ssl ias1si g 1saseeS.
The daily dispatch. [volume] (Richmond [Va.]) 1850-1884, 1864-04-27

Depayssye.-Ali of the ladies Of the Trea
sury Note Bureau, who had consented to 20
to Columbia, left for that destination yes
tcrday morning In the five O'clock Southern
train. The places Of those who resigned in
preference to leaving Richmond will, we
understand, be filed from applicants from
other States,
The daily dispatch. [volume] (Richmond [Va.]) 1850-1884, 1864-04-27

TrVO Mr. NATHAN w NELSON :--You not being
I . resident Of the State cf Virginia at this time,
Aud having no place OF abode therein, sad being inc
sole tFusteo in certain deed from Lewis Lichten-
stein, for my benefit, dated the 204h Of February,
1883, and duly recorded In the Richmond Austinss
Court, you viii please take notice that ehall, on
tho Arst day Of the Nay torn (lSsl) 0f the said
Hustngs Court, to be held by the Judge thereof on
tho 18th Of Nay. 1854, move the said Court to ap-
point another trustee In your place aud stead, TO
execute the trusts created By aaid deed.
CARQLiNE ILCHTENSfH HIN.
Nlohmond March 80 1854 nh 2s-1AsAWt
The daily dispatch. [volume] (Richmond [Va.]) 1850-1884, 1864-04-27

The Stree. Pssaps.-Now that the weather
is getting warm, would it not be as we'll for
the city authorities to have the street pumps
put in order for use! In q short while the
bydrant water will partake of the tempera-
ture OF the atmosphere, and be unpleasant
to drink. The city pumps therefore would
not only be great convenience to our ci.i-
zens, but would also be invaluable to the
many soldiers who are constantly passing
through the city.
The daily dispatch. [volume] (Richmond [Va.]) 1850-1884, 1864-04-27
an p1-dlWksW1n

DY THE GOVERNOR O2 vlkGlNIA--A Pr0cls
Id mation.-Whereas q vacancy has occurred In
the General Assembly Of this S.sfe by the resgna-
tion Of James II Carson. late the Senator for the
District composed Of the ceunsies Of Frederick,
CLARK, and Warren: Therefore WILLIAM SMITH,
Governor ct the Commonwealth OF Virginia, do here
by proclaim and make known that elscti0ns Will be
held in the said counties on the fourth Thursday In
May next for Senator 70 fill tho vacancy Aforesaid
and the Sheris Of the said counties are hereby re-
quired to cause elections TO be held IN their reepec
tive counties on the day and for the purpose men,
toned. Refugees fr0na the said counties, and citi
xsus thereof now Ia the military service, will also
be allowed to vote. Officers will cause polls to be
opened In their respective military encsmpmenss,
according to Law.
49,, Given under my hand as Governor, and
1. q. funder the lesser seal Of the Commonwealth,
(~>-1 at Richmond, this 2iat day Of March, in
the year 1854. WM SMITH.
By the Governor.
0xo MUWohD,
Secretary Of the Ccmmonwealth.
The daily dispatch. [volume] (Richmond [Va.]) 1850-1884, 1864-04-27

A NtW Trial Granted.-The decision By
the Judges Of the Court of Appeals in the
application Of counsel asking for new trial
for Robert 8. Forde, tried aud convicted be-
fore Judge Lyons some time since Of the
murder Of Robert E. Dixon, was rendered
yesterday. For reasons set forth 1t was de-
cided that new trial should be had, and the
prisoner will remain In jail till the time 10
fixed for his trial before Judge Lyons.
The daily dispatch. [volume] (Richmond [Va.]) 1850-1884, 1864-04-27
A " MOTION.
Clerk or COaaneu.
ADs'f 0ss'sO1nc1. Va,

March 80, 1864. J
AIOuCR 20 Claimants for Military Service Col
IN Henry HUI, Paymaster General of the state, 10
appointed BY the Governor 70 take charge Of and set
lie all claims against the State Confederate States
for military SERVICE or supplies furnished, without
expense 70 the claimants and will fofthWitA estab-
,ish IN once at Richmond Tor that purpose
All claims OF soldiers of viEeiaia Who have BEEN
or may bc discharged from, or disabled 10, tho SER
vice Of either the State Confederate 0tates all
widows ard orphans OF such soldiers who may have
been killed died IN service; aso all soldiers nov
in service having special claims (othcr than Of pay
and c0thing) sga0st either the Siale Confederate
States Government who from their peculiar position
cannot a,tendin person, may send their claims to
Col Hill, at Richmond, for collection, free Of cost.
All persons sending claims will be careful 70 give
the iull particulars-name. company, regiment, bri
gade-dase OF claims should DO al stated, aud .
power OF attorney properly authenticated authoriz
ng Col H to colsoa and receipt for tho sanae, that
the may act with pfompiitude and dispatch.
The Intervention or paid agents for claimants will
In no case b permitted, u being the object Of tie
Governor 70 protect parties against them.
By command.
nm n arnu UnnOns n
The daily dispatch. [volume] (Richmond [Va.]) 1850-1884, 1864-04-27

Heavy Day.--The Provost Marshal, and
the employees at his Office, had q heavy days
work yesterday. Over one hundred pfis0n-
ere arrived yesterday from various points.
Some from North Carolina, some from Wes-
from the Peninsula and Northern Virginia
The daily dispatch. [volume] (Richmond [Va.]) 1850-1884, 1864-04-27

E'AersrsD.-The Yankees al Suffolk on hearing
lhs Plymouth disaster burned their camps at
esaoik, evacuated the place, and relIred to their
"nheallons nea. Portsmouth. While this was
N'hsdone party of their negro soldiers violated
'e psfson OF young lady living near Suffolk.
The daily dispatch. [volume] (Richmond [Va.]) 1850-1884, 1864-04-27

Sent to tie Rniteatiary-T trial of Geo.
w: Banker, and John w. Coiner, charged
with forcib]y entering the house of Alexan-
DER Craig, residing few miles in the county
OF Henrico, and stealing a large amount of
silver and gold coin and other valuable arti-
cles, took place before Judge Gregory, Of
Hearico Circuit Court, yesterday, and re-
suited in the conviction OF the accused. The
Jury assessed their punishment at ten years.
confinement in the Penitentiary, to which
institution they were forthwith conveyed
under charge of Constable f. w. Robinson.
The prisoners 1t will be recollected went to
Craig's farm In the garb Of Confederate sol
dlers, and representing themselves as autho-
rized to search the premises for Confederate
desertere, demanded and obtained admit
tance into his residence, sfter which, with
drawn pistols, they forced him to surrender
all the money which he possessed, together
with two gold watches, several valuable ar
ticles of ofssjewelry, sc. Bunker and Coiner
we're both Yankee deserters, and had On &C.
veral occasions before this robbery been be-
fore the Courts for various offences commit
ted by them.