New-York daily tribune. [volume] (New-York [N.Y.]) 1842-1866, 1864-04-02

between the lower and the higher human raccs-nay
regard earlier and simpler those feelings which
l common 10 both and ne later and more compound
those which characteristic o. the most civilized. In
the third place may observe the order in which the
emotions unfold during the progress from infancy TO
maturity And lastly. comparing these three kinds OF
emotional development displayed III The ascending
grades Of the animal kingdom in the advance OF the
civilized races, and In ind yidua history we may sec IA
what respects they harmonic aud what are the implied
general truths.
But in a philosophical poat Of view, the abIcst
and most important disquistion in the volume Is
tbat on the "Genesis of Science" COntrasted
with all former attempts to define science--to de-
termine what and how much is TO be included in
the term this analysis Of The subject is wide step
forward Hero again Mr.. Spencer applies the ali-re-
solving idea of evolution and establishes chat scence
is gradual growth from common Acknowledgement ct
all dilfcrent in kind but only in degree, and emory
ing by such impcrccptblc steps that it is wholly
impossible to Say in any case at what point ord-
nary knowledge ceases and science begins. But
the question of the mode Of this growth is yitalit
10 not only the fundamental inqu-y Of modern phi
losophy but it is the deepest and most significant
question Of education. In this mastery argument
Mr.. Spencer grapplcs with tho philosophy Of the
great Postivist, 81. Comte, and oyerthrows his
fundamental doctrine of the hierarchy of tho
sciences, or the order Of succession in which
no maintains that they have appeared and are 10 be
classified MIR. Spencer demonstrates that the
sciences have none of them been separately
eyolyed-that none OF them are independent, either
logically or historically, but that they have bean
developed from a common root, and advanced by
mutual dependence and reciprocal aid. He shows
ff,.tt ~ MI h.a In IF gounrafC
branches of science been simultaneous and inter
connected, but that science in general has COM
mon root with Language, Classification, Reasoning
Art,-that throughout civilization these have adj
yanced together, acting and reacting upon each
other just the separate sciences have done, and
that thus the development OF Intelligence IN all
It's divisions and subdivisions has conformed 10 the
same law which governs the evolution Of science.
II il impossible here TO epitomize this profound and
most important discussion. We say important
because the question of the true order Of the eyou
ton Of knowledge brings US face to face with the
fundamental problem Of education the true order
of development of the human faculties-the most
practical and momentous inquiry Of the time. Let
all conscientious and Thoughtful teachers peruse
transcribo. anayze, and thoroughly master this
powerful essay upon the origin and growth Of
knowledge.
| From the time Of Plato 20 the present, there has
been tendency in speculative minds TO regard So
ciey a. having analogies in structure and function
to the living animal system. Much Of this has been
of course mere fanciful conjecture; nor could the
subject admit Of any rational calculation until the
most rccen, Of the sciences, physiology, had ox-
planned the economy of the animal organism. But
the grand conception Of uniy in the plan and work
iugs Of nature We owe to modern science has re-
heved this question Of its purely fancfu character
and impaired TO it rational interest IL the
" Social Organism Mr.. Spencer inquiries how far
the analogy holds and where It fails, and tie uuhy
and exhaustiyeness OF his discussion makes the
essay n valuable contribution 10 the thought Of the
tine. As we have commented the former essay to
teachers we extract the opening remarAs OF thu Tor
1.-THE benefit Of politicians:
Sir james Mactintosh got goat credit for 'he ssyire
that Constitutions not made, bur grow I'm our
d8v the most signrsui thinCu bout this saving g. ihai
II was ever thought 40 significant A. from TIE eur
prse displayed by man a. soIe familiar tact you my
Indigo Of bis general culture. irun tlr admiration
.hch ar age sccords to thought 10 average H.
gree OF enlightenment may be Inferred. That tlls
uhthcgm uf actntOsh shODld haNe he'u quoted ana
reqnoted IL has shows hov prolunnd has been me
Ignorance ~ social science small ray o truth hHs
seemed brilliant. distant r.hsht looks lac star
| In the surrounding darkness.
snch conception could not. indeed fan 10 be start
ling when let fal IN the midst ol system 81 tlouFh 20
which Il was utterly alien uIiysr'@l., II, M'Ai ~
DAY things explained Oh tle h!PotAee, OF Ilhu
fafurr ra,hrr than that or growth az indeed shej '
Nv the majority m day. ~ was heid til "
planets were seyeTaly projected round me sun fuh ie
Creators hand with exactly TIE Neocy It4WIe a 70
balance the suns attraction. Inc FORMATION
~ the Earth, the separation Of sea nom "hu;
works from which God rested as laborer rests MAJ
was supposed 10 be nodded after IA manner somewhat
akin 10 that in which a modeer makes Oh! iglrr.
And OF c1urrc, In harmony viii sucL Ideas soi''.
~, ncitlv assumed To- be arranged tluS or thus bN 81
rect interpretation Of Providence or y! the T,SA'of
o. law-mRsers; OF by both g. .
Yet that societies not artihcialy pu oFrthe h
truth so manifest shat seems Wonderful mel sAou"
hive ever overlooked H. perhsps nothing more c,aTl
shows the ANAL value az historical sudie az iuel hHNe
been commonly pursued You ne"d bH' 10 'SoA a. VIC
changes going on around observe social oITanihi-
tou in It's leading pcouharite>, 10 hce ma thrs' ~
neither supernatural nor ~. deieTuihea ny iue Ns y,
ind yidual men a. hy implication hlatolhis common!
tc.cb INT Ar, cur sequ.nt general natural ctus'H-
The one case OF the division OF ianof suiHo't 70 hoN
this II has M been by comlnhho .. an! rgp tn"'
s,u, men have become manlliacsurts, NhIt otlitis
b ,ernpined cultivation Of the soil In lancas i {,
millions have devoted themselves 70 ne maIhh "a t"-
ton fabr,cs; IN Yorkshire, another Miu"h nNs =! Pu
ducing woolcn.; and the poiely oi Sthlor1sitr nc
cntcrv of sheffield the hardware al brhilhSh "h'
s,vcrilv occupy their hundreds az thousands llsN.
are large facts ~ the ttfucluf, 81 hNti5H
we can sscrUe them neither TO miracle, nor 10 "b4si
I,ou IL Il. MOI hv the hero KING IN! mNie INN
h. clectiye wisdom that men have been keSf' gated
i,to nrnduc,rs Nho,esae dstrbutUs, aAa !elHH u's
irintors t.. , %.
TEe Whole 81 our Industrial Organization, rom us
- ,.i,,. d,vu a. ~ unu.est dcuiIS, has htVnnt
what II h. moi simp, without legislative giie"nee PM
10. considerable extent ~ opt" ~ leghAll'e mn
Dinner. Ii has arisen under lhe pressure 81 hAH''
/ 80. .,d ,ities Will, each citizen has been plr
, s,u- nj individual welfare. Hn0 none taxing th"'l
Of diyision OF nbor nGcc, conscious a. th' "'''
nr IL dhuion Of laboT has yet n'tH ~ l't"D'.