The daily Chattanooga rebel. [volume] (Griffin, Ga.) 1864-1865, 1864-11-23

israel left the nesnpot3 ofaEgypt and began tho1e
wanderngs recorded 10 the most ancient o. all re-
cords In that venerable Book. indeed, il Is that
the first mention is made ofths art lex. xxrrfr.,
36,) where Moses is commanded 70 make plate
Of puregod and sngrave upon Il like the ougrsFDgs
Of signet, HoLIsHsS TO IRE LoRD :'and agzia IN
thirty hth chapter We read Of Bstalesl, upon whom
the spirit Of She Lord descended to mako AL nan-
Of craving in metals. sfter the gravsr's art-a
nobler and better authenticated origin thAn 10
elsewhere recorded Of any art Herodotus also
the Father Of History, speaks Of an ambsssador
appearing before certain king. witha nsp of the
bays rivers, promoters etc, OF the land whsnce
be came carefully craven upon tablet Of hraII.
Many OF tho Egyptain hieroglyphicr have been
found eugraven on metal platss, and experts unite
in saying the ezcisious could only be made by in
struments exactly similar in shsns those EMPLOY
cd, for the same purpose, at the present day
There is also in tho British Museum an ancient
Hindostance deed, written upon plate OF copper,
aud bearing date twenty years before the birth Of
Christ From all this it will be seen that even in
the earliest days, the capabilities OF the metal To-
there meh seem to havs stopped, and il isa meIar-
choly satire our vaunted quickness that sffer
having mastered all that really difcult in the
art Of engraving, il shoud have beon reserved for
after ages % take an impression from th metal
some softer substance
To earliest engraving known 70 hsve been taken
from, metal plate is ono, aid 10 be on steel b.
Albert Durcr, and hearing date 1910 This date
- worthy OF note, as exactly three hundred years
tectcd Al invention whereby engraving s;eei.
from being almost rrnpracticabir, became matter
Of daily use After tho works of Albert Durer and
Raphael nofxhu1, hear but occasiozlly Of steel
engraving down 10 it, r-aafssa in 1910, the dir
hcgtios incident 20 IL being such that copper vas
almost altogether used in its stead.
Now. though the FIRST proof Impressions from
copper plate arefully equal in beauty those from
steel tho copper. being much softer. vii, after
certain number Of impressions are taken FROM il de-
tcriorate, while after thousands are fakon from
steel plate il remains fresh and accurate as the
day came from the BURN. For this reason II vas
that several efforts were made 70 eserooms the lf-
fculties existng in the way Of steel en- wing. and
At last, IN 1910, a method discovered, as wc
have stated, which u the one st.in use, and does
not seem susceptible. Of any further in1preYernenf
This 1ventien consists in the following process.
Upon 4 plato Of soft stcel-for singular as Il may
seem, csteoned reader, there is such thing known
IN toe arts as soft stcel-there is engraved note
coupon. starn vignette, or the like. This ste~l is
then subjected 70 hardening process and placed
n powerful transfer press. where cylinder OF
soft smooth steel is rolled over IL Into the softer
metal Of this cylinder the hardlnss aud curves Of
the pats bite with great force aud perfect accuracy
leaving an exact or embossed fqcsimif>. N reverse
upon II. This cylinder Is then in turn IA and
IN that state relied upon plas or soft stsoi much
larger then the original design Here the same
pressure sppied with the result of leayins uron
the plate yeseraE1c siniic OF the original design
Then another blank plate is inserted sad rolled
have been obtained. As these fus sin-ffe- are %
exact a. not even under the nsScroscops To- reveal
any. theieast, variation and as furthermore these
plates never rc1rout or grow dim. the imnsuse
utility Of the invention viii BE- sosn45 Il s
by this process that all the fny ccai rosas and
Hostage stamps we have printed Thus the
aud tens Of thousands thcss notes seat
tered all over the Confcderacy the prolific o.
spring Of certtin little plate Of steel. two
nehes il breadth By 6ve in length. aud in .hs en-
craving of which Of tho 6rst artsis in the com
esy 'r.s ei7ssBvf TOR three long weary months So
all the postage stamps cftvarious denominations
the twenty, and ten. and two cent ones spriux re-
spectiyely from steel engraved dies hardly an inch
square Hiil3Dns upon millions Of thess stamps
have been issded, and yet those printed yesterday
are perfect in all their parts as the very rsr sent
forth. II the reader will spect any OF them he
will fnd the engraving OF the utmost delicscy, and
It may crafty his patriotic vanity, further 70 know
that no country, net ths-boasted North has A.
hne postage stamp the Confederate Statcs.-
Placed BY their side those Of England, ofFrnace.
Of Canada, o. the United S.ates, all lose by con-
pRrson
The hundred dollar and fifty dollar notes are al
30 printed from steel plates, which. independent
q the intfinsicaIly finer workmsnship upon them
will account for their presenting 50 much hand
somsr appearances than those OF lesser denomina-
weaFso as to become dim or blurred though. az
ter some thirty thousand impressions have been
taken. 1t generally the case that they what
Is technically called t'rsfreshea that is re enter
ed with the steel cylinder
Before leaving the subject Of steel engraving 10
preceed 10 the subJectlof lithography. By which
we receive the greater bulk ofthe currency atmAy
be Of interest % state that. By Of the
Ter press. we are enabled TO obtain part of any
given design as well as the whole, aud to con-
bine Herewith any lather part Of any ether de-
sign, bringing tlfeDn together IN such WAY
that no scrutiny detect the points OF uDson y
and thus iosm''ang new design: 6y process
For By far the greater number OF our notes We
Aar.a and hof, nfo ofnH fhrrrr
invented by German named $ennefeIder, at the
beginning II the present century This. its
name imports. is simply the process Of writing on
stone, and then, By means OF pressure, t4kang
an impression therefrom upon paper. The atone
used In this process is alnosta pure carbonate Of
Iine aud is found almost exclusively At the quar-
mich, the capital Of Bavaria It's grain Is a mat
ter OF the FIRST importance. As for different
fine styles OF engraving different degrees Of
ness are reqfisate thus for cr.yon drawings
works in ink the foest texture Is necessary. AT
ter the original invention Of IithogrRRhy il MAS
further improved upon By the process OF trEnsfer-
hthographF, aud Il is by this process that our
twfnties.tens fres. tros aud ones printed.
Ths process By which this i done u follows
The designs are first engraved upon steel plates
from these plates an inpfessou - taken 10 trans
fefipaper. the COMPOSITION aud preparation Of this
ink and paper beng among the most reeondIte
artsea Of the lfhographer, though We may state
that the general idea Of the operation n TO have
the INK take upon the paper. without striking
Though until a Subsequent stage ofthe operation.
This Oppression Is then laid down. Il is termed.
that is, spread upon lithogrsphic stone and, AZ
ter certain damp9nings and the like, pressed for
cibly upouiis surface The ink then enters the
open pores Of the stone and, after time, the pa
peris carefully stripped of and the surface Of the
stone washed. As the ink Is largely composed Of
uuetuoEs ingredients, the water employ ed wjl not
affect it-rsprEssdH, you see. reader-but sinks in
10 the stone where the ink is not toucfed/ Then.
over the stone. 50 prepared. she printing ink is
spread Where the ink was before IL adhcres-
0ftr1ctio3 you preceiro--and where me water has
possession Is does not. Then upon the stone
the paper is placed and, afer q certain degree Of
pressure-T5i8 ? c.e.t va faa ,zrppspis behold
the Treasury note ready 70 be dated. numbered, !,
signed. paid out rqviled. sought siser and legisla-
ted upon