The Hillsdale standard. [volume] (Hillsdale, Mich.) 1851-1909, 1864-02-02

and IN those countries wlicre man made his first
successful steps towards civilization, 1t s'ems
as if nature bad supplied him withos extensive
forests to aid his progress until DO should cx-
pIore the depths Of the earth in search OF It's
tseasure. Even after the discovery Of coal,
wood held its place at the standard fuel OF
the world for ages, yielding 10 coal only 10
manufactuves., In places remote from coal
fields, wood is still wholly used for fuel, even
where there are suitable conveniences for
transportation, and in places where coal IS
most abundant it has not wholly supplanted.
wood as an article Of, fuel .s'is1 tsssiu'i,
4 Wood presents itself in forma and qualities
varying with the tree, and 10 some exeent
from tie part Of this from which 1t is taken. -
1t is made up OF sevesal compounds-the
woody tissue or lignip, the sap and the aka
line, or earthly matters, which remain as ashes
after combustion, Il also contains variable
portion of water. Tie lignen and sap are
It's combuetible ingredients, Of which lgnen Is
the most importaut, often constituting, In
thoroughly dried wood, as much a. ninety
! five per cent. of its weight. Lignin, howev.
\ er, Though constituting so large a part OF all
does, not create the 6istihction between
the different varieties, f6r When, freed from
matters solul,is in water, alcohol, or alkals is
the same in MI different varieties Of wood
'Ehe sap and the matter 1t brings with it
makes the different varieties OF wood; On
the pine the cap bestows its resinous proper
ties; to tho oak it suPpAies tsnuip, and 10 The
beech, maple, hickory, aht otlIef trees those
peculiarties which colsiitrte them q seperats
species The composition Of sap is, not male. l g
! .;.lI,, &. ~ 49,, l. ,,1,norn and Oyy.
gym from the lignen. Its proporion 10 The
mass Of wool is quite small, and It flows free'
ly in The spring, which is the best season Tor
telling timber when il is desired to secure the
principles Contained il the sap. Though sap
IS one of the two combastible ingredients OF
wood, on accc uat Of the Increased quantity OF
water present wood, cut when the sap is
flowing lie not so well ad'pted for fuel as that
cut inTls drier condiiion in the winter. As
tho expulsion Of tho water present involves
The consumption of portion of the carbon of
| this wood, the more 4 oroughy it is air dried
or seasoned, the greater is the heat producing
power. As it dies iis loses sometimes one.
! fifth Of its weight, and vet of that remaining
from twenty totwcnty-ase per cent. is moist
! ure. 2.''' s'l'
AS tho lbre is the heaviest ingredient ia
dry-wooj, the heaviest wood has the greatest
amount Of combastible matter and is, there
fore, at the same price, much the cheapest
Professor Marcns Bull, in order to arrive at the
true relative value of different kinds Of wood.
Instituted sesatal years ago system Of exper.
Iiments by which, the weight Of tho oughly
dried wood was ascartained. We append :bo
weight per cord Of tl1eq varieties offered Tor
SAFE in onr markets 5' - iu g '.' -"
s6enbark hickory s4I3o chsstuut whits oak 1855
SSs s SSs sasii sSIN oas white OAK
Ear sard maple s,,.o s5s BLACK sofuboak s2Ss 20
T wsis sisss beech Ssca SsEs@ 1S6ss pas
Red OAK ,i ~ 254 White pine % sl lses
s The two varieties Of hickory iaffod by
large, per G mt. tlba greatest 'numbefo Of poaads
OF dry cbarcoal tor h. cordaiars EL 's.aJ . g
re- IL will be seen Groin1 Professor Bulls inves-
tiga ion that hickory isa the sbest variety os
wood, the different varieties of oak next beech
next, and maple the poorest, unless, iDdeed,N
be cottonwood, of which there isobut little
brought in. ]. The, chasing Of maple, as
poorer quality Of wood than beech, is contrary
TO The xperiorce, of wood cor sumers., "
may be that Prof,ssor experimenied bpon y
better quality Of beech than that offered
for sale in our markets, or that maple is more
free from alkas and earthy ma,tersp and from
resinous Ingredients Thieh may assist 10 itns
combustion Of Beech" Pine never offered for
sale as a ficL In selecting wood, due refer.
cocS should be had 10 the objects for which Il
is purchased, MS it does not follow that be-
cause one kind Of wood has,more combustible
matter than another il will burn longer
Some varietitesJfi wood abound ia heavy res
inous matter which afford exsell-nt food for
combu'ticn--icio pipe for ipstauce-- and /.
make Tho WOO. peegD%y desirable where 4
quick intcnss heat is Jequired, out detract
greatly from the value When moderate de.
gree Of heat, and a steady lasting fro IA re.
quired; Che rPsinoas, matter burns rapidly and
geperale, an unaspal, dsgleos OF. beat which
greatly assists the rapir combustioB of the
wool. TwcictIrds u yeli5Npino therefore, tho
exceeding ia weight aud combustible matter
a sing lie eorj j,oi hickory, ,anesearcely snYalaut's
fordopesis Is ,rmposes.i A single cold Of yell
low pine, foi ihe same reason though within
few po,ir''' rs heavy as single cord of soft
innple, will not keep q stove supplied with
wood half a. long. 49, - i-''--'- . - 50 90
i About oua feunh-tbe woodis sawed and split
in the var ls. snd delivered ready for the
0'o'N' AH huiitiou VI ~ uvIt COIu W tuou0
TO the selling price TO pay for the labor
Wood inIsaw- og andsspli,iing, gains largely
in bulk, saihai, in delivering cord Of pre-.
pared wood, tho dealer is not delivering q cord
Of wooJ such ss ho purchased. Some Of The
dealers estimate this gain at about one dollar
per cord-prohably a. vny low estimste-
which with tbe dollar they charge fer prspar-
ing, douolssssI alysihan, for the additional Ia.
bor. Daring The prevalence Of the present
high prices, Il will be much cheaper for CON.
'umcrs to purchase their wood as it comes TO
The dealer. aud haYcelit sawed aud split It
homo. Thetrayipg of WOOD thus effected
:. " B" found saflisisnt tasr yfp the expense
: " ~; ~ s...as.l . 4 etea U -s's' .''
s.'qn5c Bos,b Ifsiscsitptt says :"TLe Davises
Etf.. ADD Oand,as ~ tse Head Of two Co
,pefatiug factions tsfl leads uhe rebels, and
Garet tie corpc,heads.a s,rs 90
The election, ,iu, louisiana on the 22d Of
February next, called by proclamation Issued
oy Banks, is for the following officers:
Governor; Lieutcnsot Governor; Secretary
A q. A ~