The evening telegraph. [volume] (Philadelphia [Pa.]) 1864-1918, 1864-12-27

of giving bounties TO soldiers whose time OF ser
vice-which, by-the.by, is eight years-ha' eN-
pired, 10 induce them TO re-enlist
"In so RristOcratiC q country as Austria 10 rs
not surprising that the majority Of officers should
be noble, or belong TO noble iamt les. Only the
artillery and engineer corps afford any opening 10
the sons Of the wealthy plCbeiau classes. So srOng
is the deuge of blue blood in this quarter, THAI
the muster roll Of Francis Joseph's armv includes
no less than lO3 princes, $40 counts, sos barOns,
67O knights, and 1000 untitled barons. It's, now
ever, striking conce sion OF intellectual ap THY
that these princes, counts, barons, knights, aud
untitled barons resign the srduous posts Of the
force-the posts tta' require deep aud vigorous
mental training-tO the class they despise. For
this unpatriotc indifference, inpolcy, and s'ne-
cure idcncss, however, day Of retributiOn will
inevitably come. Il isa dangerous weakness tO
inpust the salient points or defense into the
hands Of those whom tho Austrian noblesse d.
not attempt 20 disguise they look down upon and
contemn as an interior order Of beings
"ln Prussia the organization Of the army Is on
a different and more liberal footing. Acc lrd ng
10 the regulations Of 1874, every man is bound 10
receive military instruction and join the army
and though no substitutes are permitted, eNemp-
tions are pretty freely distributed. The men are
enrolled when they attain their twentieth wear,
ana serve for five years-twO years and a half In
the army, and two years and half in the reserve
Could King William overcome the preiudcrH Of
his parlE mCnt against his new scheme OF military
reform the period Of five years would be extended
70 seven but his House Of Commons is stubborn
ana Will nave none OF MS luuONAtlluS, cttNCT
military or financial. When the Prussiau soldier
quits the reserve at twenty-five, ne enters the
Landvehr or militia, In which he remains for
nine years; and closes his military career by be-
coming embodied in the Landsturm, force pNrcly
defensive, and which is never called out on
foreign service We have mentioned CNcmp-
tiOns-the nobility and clergy enjoy this priyi-
'ege and young men Of education ~no will pay
for their equipment are allowed 10 serve only one
year. II at the end Of that time they pass pre-
scribcd eNamin alton.
OTHER EUROPEAN ARMIES.
$50 much for the organization OF the armies Of
the four great Powers of the continent The
armies of the other kingdoms OF Europe are soon
disposed Of They are formed very much on the
same principle and one and all, like the larger
Powers, maintain their forces on a footing out of
all due proportion to their population. Spa
boasts an army of 10000 men, procured of course
by Conscription. Turkey wields no less a number
than 100000. This large force drains immeasuri
bly, her precarious revenues, and it scarcely
diminishCs the evil that the troops are hahitualy
kept two OF three years in arrears for their paw
The Sultan's forces may be divided into four
branches-the Ni-gDl, or active army the RedJE
orreserye the auXiliares and the irregulars The
staff the Redif orreserve, have full pay, aud live
In the towns and villages among the soldiers, who,
though on leave, are nevertheless not discharged
from service. These men the officers collect and
drill once week; they must also report them
selves annually at the headquarters of their re-
| speCtiye corps, where they undergo month s
| exercise. The auXiliaries are simply the cOntin-
| gents furnished by the tributary prUyinces-Wal-
| laChia, MOldayia, Seryia, Bosnia, the HerzegD-
Vina, Albania, and Egypt; but these are not very
numerous. The irrcgulars constitute Il more for
midabe division; and some of these wild, undis-
| cplined hordes-Tartars from the ID brodja and
| Asia MinOr-wil he probably remembered by
| many an English officer who served in the Cri-
mea. Coming from the East to the West, we
| find peaceful Portugal making an effort, amidst
| the cultivation of its vines, 10 maintain 10000
tn
and commercial Holland to pay the cost OF GO 900
men.
"Italy-that youngest amongst the kingdoms
| Of EurOpc-maintsins three hundred thousand
| men in 6elf-defense alone, ready armed and
| equipped, because the policy Of u friend and
| ally lie equiYocal and selfish. Three hundred
| thousand men feeding on the resources of n new
| country is a heavy burden indeed; but twice
| three hundred thousand would be willingly and
| unmurmurngly borne TO realize that dream Of
| the Italian patriot, Italia indtuisibile
| sin the northern cOuntries-Denmark, Swe-
| den, and Norway for example-military service
is enforced on exceedingly light conditions
| Brave, tough, and hardy, and lying out of the
| whirlwnds of the political hemisphere, the Gov
ernments of these Kingdoms scarcely deemed i
| necessary to carry out very strict system O
military training and exercise. Denmark had
ii is true, traditional foe in the German Con
federation; but she laughed at rather than feareC
that huge doube-headed megatherium. Thl
forces she kept on foot, previous TO the recent
speedily raised 10 10000 as soon as the Austrian
and Prussians commenced their march towards
the Elder.
RECRUITING IN NORWAY.
'In Norway every citizen passes through
military training, either in the regular army tn,
militia. In the regular army, which is raised
partly by cOnscription, partly by enlistment, the
service is for five years in the infantry and fol
seven in the cavalry and artillery. On the othe
side of the Doyrefeld, again, different system
tIu In fha MT Nuhtn IA ha
only been introduced since 1872, is exceedingly
unpopular; and of the men drawn, one-teuth Al
least obtain substitutes at the easy price OF from
$50 to $l25. The cOnscrption class is called the
BeuGHng-the most popular service, however, l.
the blGcttd, or national troops. These are paid
and maintained msstly by the landed proprietorl
Of the country and partly from revenues of GER
tain State domains. Each soldier, besides smal
annual Rratuity, has his t0rp or cottage, with
piece of ground attached, which continues his SO
long as he remains attached which not unfre
quently extends over period OF forty years
Then there is the PdJOade, or enlisted troops, tc
which belong the royal life guards, hussars, and
a great part of the artillery and engneers-th6
average term Of service for these is six years
and, lastly, there Is the militia of GOthland
which IKE the Indeta is all but independent
at would not be fair TO omit Switzerland from
this comparative list especially as the organiza
tion of her army, like that of Great Britain, pos
sesses special and peculiar features OF lts own
Switzerland, in fact, disclaims the idea of having
a standing army her constitution prohibiting thi
existence of one within the limits of the Contede
ration. However, not TO leave the commonwealth
without a sysem Of defense, every one is expected
10 be trained TO arms, and nearly every one II
SO trained. Children from the age of eight arr
regularly instructed at the upper and middle
schools in military exercises, undergo speeia
examinations and are frequently paraded anC
reviewed with all the pOmp and eclat of veteran
troops. When they have gone through thei
infantry exercises, and have become expert in tn
use of the rihe-Wimbledon has witnessed SOM
of the excellent shooting of these gallant an
keen-eyed sons of the Oberland-the oung Tell
practise gunneTy, two and four Founders bein
supplied by the Government for that purpose
The seryiCeis divided into four classes the Bun
desaUsfttg federal army, comprising men betwee
the ages of twenty and thirty-four capable O
bearing arms-to this each canton contribute
three per cent. Of its populations the army q
reserve composed to the extent of one half pc
cent OF the population of those who passeI
through the BuNdeSausztt7; the Landlceh
or militia, in which every man between forty
one and forty-fye is bound TO serve aud tn
LandSttvnl, or Army of Defense, In which ever,
Swiss above the age of forty-fye is enrolled
and in which he remains until age incapacitate
him from further eXerlion. The total amount q
this patriotic foTce-ke the Spartans OF old, ever
Swiss feels he fights, when he does hght for b
institutions, and therefore fights with the purei
feelings of patriorism-is 339 O26 men, larg
number for SO small a commonwealth. only IA
| c m Hutv n