New-York daily tribune., 1864-04-09

tue ght Of the right and lett ego Is also more
bT the weaker yo Is absorbed or dssipatca by tha.
Ito stronger eye, which hiss generally been msde
stronger by previous use. tho practice being common
~ favor one eye.
This item gave rise to interesting md spirited dis
cussion. in whIch Messrs NASH GAyrrr. fAgNALaE,
RosRvRLT. BARTLETT, and GARyEY 'rticipated.
Il sTEAM-PRRSsCRs 9ACGEs.
i Tho report OF the Committes appointed time
since 70 examine new mercnry steam pressure gauge
made full and satisfactory report through Dr. Row.
ELL Chairman, showing that they had made careful
experiments with it. and that rst Of the Committee
had exam ned the meTcurir >gumn erected by Nessrs
SHAY & Justice at Philadelphia some - feet IN hight,
by which these gauges are tested and graduated. The
principle which this gauge ID construction Is com
\ Dnation of the mercury column and piston, with
difference in the OF the two sdes OF the piston on
which the steam aad the morcury press. The greater
this difference the less viii be the hight OF the column
necessary to balance the pressure VI the steam. Tbs
instrument is regarded Of very great use. aud
should be examined by al steam engineers The report
accepted and ordered TO be printed Ia the Trans
Mr.. Usher seid that he had simple and effective
plan to propose for asocraining the pressure OF ste
within boiler 1t to raise the lever ot tie sal j.
ynlyo from time to time with an ordinary spIi lg
baance the weight required TO raise the lever as ndi-
Gated by the Spring weighing machine, deducted from
| the known weight on the safetyyalyc, VIII gye tlo
exact pressure within the boiler
| GUHs AND GUNBcATS.
| Mr. HEATos took tie floor by invitation and con
tirued his lecture commenced at tue Las. eetiDs lie
s.ructed upon bis design and having prOpeing power
consisting Of spring with tho requisite gearing The
model embraced plan for steering the vessel Wnen
under very slow motion BY tie rotation OF wheel
w.iose axis is parallel ~ the keel The guns in
this model coud all be tired either side Of the vessel
they stationed near tho central line. and were pro-
cctcd by zigzag bulwarks. Tie various kinds Of guns
expllned by the speaker. and their merits
and GemcTiis fully SCI forth, after which no answered
queries from Messrs D!b5on, RosoVels Carey ahd
Bartlett.
Mr. JUSTICE gave nm account Of the ite improve
ments made by Capt Parro,tupon his gGli, whcn con
sisted In the substitution Of steel rings IN the place of
tic iron bands formerly used.
STEEL.
Prof FIEuKY OF Philadelphia exhibited specimens Of
steel made 10y process claimed TO bo new, which he
fully explained 1t consists in heating scraps Of iron in
crucles or their equivalents 20 high degree and ten
introducing into the criei5es oyydo Of IRON or other
suitable substance containing oxygen and Immediately
after pouring quantity vi melted pig iron into the
clucbes The amount Of ozydo is so proporoncd that
any Of carbon which ess in The cast iron above
that necessary " form steCA will combine with the
oxygen ,s liberated fom the oxyde aid ppss oil with
The prodncts OF combustion By increasing the proper
on D O1yde Of iron the steel may be decarbOn1cd 10
such an extent to reduce 1t to wrought iron. II WI
Of course be understood that r steel may be greatly
varied f. quality y the Introduction Of other substances
connection with the Oxyde II iron. BY using o1ydcs
II chromium tungsten, or ttannm for producing hard
steel by simply Increasing the OXydcs Of !r0n END
wrought iron .Or making sou steel The apparatus
used in the process also planned and that poIton
designed to economic heat By passing II successNciy
.aOnAd series OF CS-ciOles Was
the blackboard IL was stated that Ito whole cost VI
ing steel by ths process is cents rer pound.
In tho OF his remarks upon the steel process
the Professor described experiment made in Paris
II was foand that when iron nails arc heated 10 white
heat ia ctucible and the oxide Of iron was poured
upon them. tie iron was melted into button.
An application Of magnetism IN the formation OF
steel as part Cf the new process was also explained.
hen the steel is poured into flash Gu electromagnetic
placed upon its side with one hoo at the top ana one
~ the bot;on ~ the 1ash. The current tnen passes
I l.f. 81. nj lv Ia an
molecules o: steel place themselves IN pcrpendicuar
Ines By this means tie position Of the moeeuls can
be varied relatively TO suit any particular case For IN
stance If screw Ia to be formed the cryssaAfation
o4n be made 10 correspond 20 II. =,
The CHAIRMAN remarked that the nsc of tho ozi OF
ircn in combination with cast and wrought iron In the
rfoces inst described Is not knew. The same c0uibi
nation had been made by member OF this Institute
several years ago.
40 discussion followed upon the Feasibility Of the
method described. tho members generally having pre-
yously expressed tho opinion that less il Known about
tie forces controlling the formation of siec. than con-
ceraing those applied in any other department of manu-
Prof FlEuRr then directed attention 70 the subject Ok
IROS.
We find that in the American iron there Ia large
percentage of silicon 1t is usual ~ aibucthe cold
hortness Of iron to the presence Of phosphorus but
IT, Ia fact owing 10 the presence Of silicon. We have
in chemistry some substances when nave great
affinity for Silica amorg these Il fuor spar-a very
small percentage Of this substance causes the silica to
disappear In the manufacture Of iron. tin0rspar IS
nssd IA English ironurnaces, and the spckeE taOuSlt
krupp In Prussia as the specimen which was A1nlyZed
by him almost entirely free from silica Another
substance used FOR the pnrpOJc Ol abstrctng the
ON iron Is the barita-tlo oxide OF bariuir-vhich
untos with the supiur forming the sulphde Of bariuu
In the process for making steel We mix charcoal and
small pcrcent2eo Of uor spIT With some carbonate OF
lime-not burned line Some ron-mcstera DO not seem
n uud,rstnnl the effect II magnetism limestone lich
also produces the coldshOrt iron. Some OF the rals
m ld from this icun found to be Lcd with sulal
holes The sneaker said he had found large percent
OF iron Ia hc cind,Ts oI furnaces thous-ds OF tns
of which ara thrown away. Hc had made moro than
hundred experiments for the purpose " sceIaning
the lest ;nOdo OF ahstractiug the metal = feasible
p,an vas 20 blow the cndcrs into the furnse along
VITA the air blast. by this method ho Obtained ~ per
cent Of tie iron in tlctl.
MI BARTLETT Gc5c.ibed the proce6a ,Or making steel
tutc, by means Of dies prrctced IN France. An
IN tcrestiug feature IS the Welding Of cold steel: one
tue is drawn upon another; 80 fleet IS TO NeaLg
M toro s no way Of seeing IL except by usc acids.
Mr. FLEURT srose Of the impt tance q co ing ITO
lce OF the y8 used In railroads. with steel by On sang
a the molecular arrangement OF thai par VI the IIoa
tai, adds vastly 20 its durability.
Mr. JUSTICE of Philadelphia doubted ths practica-
bitv OF this pan account OF The great clefenee in
tho cxpans.bty of iron AID steel Tie Thole YafA-
ton in temp nature from the coolest point II Winter 10
e hottest in Sgmmer Is not far frOm l@u ran some
iron rails have been said not 90 lest over Sih months,
bat those were near stations where the trains were
of icton and the rails were more used IN the cAanss
~ these points, lie satedbat plan for stealing Fals
,ag row beng carried Out nI Pittsburgh, IA AateT
scrctin the sr.1ec. for tue next discus Oni lac
hest means OF rHpid transit through tho Cty OF NV
YORK" he Association adjourned 10 Thursday e'enhg
nC-t