New-York daily tribune. [volume] (New-York [N.Y.]) 1842-1866, 1864-08-18
THE GREAT WEST.
The Emigants' and Settlers Guide 10 the new
States and Territories.
Oregon.
Number Eight.I


BOUNDARIES, EXTENT Lie.
Oregon is bounded on the north by Washing
Ton Tentory,on tho west by the Pacific Ocean, on
the south by California, and on the east by Idaho
1t has four inles from the ocean into the interior
The main channel of communication is through ui'
mouth of the Columbia river.
PHYSICAL ASPECTS, ETC
The country is principally mountainous. Some
marrow strips of county lying around the coast De-
tween the mountains and the sea are very rich and
productive but the difficulty Of communication has
Hitherto retarded their settlement.
The Willamette Valley, lying distant about forty
mcs from the ocean, and parallel with the coast
separated from it by the coast range of mountains,
his $50 milos in length and from 40 to 60 miles in
width. The land is principally prairie, of fine SOIL
well timbered, and watered by mountain streams,
which empty the centre of tho Valley into the
Willamette River, which is navigatcd by steam
boaisits entire length during one-haf OF the year.
The mountains in Oregon are covered with TIM
bor, consisting of pine, fir, cedar, hemoek, maple
DE.
TIMBER, &C.
The bottom lands of the Columbia ara narrow,
but very productive.
AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS.
The lands of the Willamette valley are also very
productive. Wheat, oats, barley, vegetables &C.,
Weld largely 1t is believed TO be the finest wheat
growing region in the United States. Land Is
worth from to Is dollars per acre, depending on
4he character of the soil and the amount OF i'm
proyement
Fruits of every variety are produced in large guam
nrip A cOON
temperature corn and grapes do not do so well,
though they are cultivated TO a limited extent.
Wages range from $25 to $40 per month in this
part of the country.
South of the Willamette, towards Califor-
.fornis are the Umpqus and Rogue Rivor
xalIcs. They are moro limited than the villa
,nette hut have the same general characteristics.
The climate is more mild and tobacco Is said to
grow to perfection. Tho wild grass is very fine,
and the number Of CATTLE horses and sheep raised is
very large.
In the Southern portion of the State the mining
interest is very large and romuneratiye.
CLriATE.
The climate of these valleys is mild-in summer /
they are dry and cool. The winters, which begin in
November, are rainy and mild. The mountains are
covered with snow, but the valleys are green with |
growing vegetation during the whole winter. Seed
ing is usually done in February and March.
Farther in the interior, the climate is
hotter in summer and colder in winter.
GRAZING, STOCK RAISING, ETC.
The country east Of the Cascade Mountains,
which are continuation of the Sierras OF Califor-
MIA is fine open grazing country, but has limited
quantities of good SOIL and poor supply of timber
and water Stock raising will be the principal
business of the inhabitants.
PUBLIC LANDS ETC.
"In this State the surveys have progressed to the
extent Of the provided the field operations hav
ing been confined east Of the Cascade Mountains to
the valleys Of Des Cbutes aud Umatila Rivers in the
vicinity of Columbia River. The Surveyor.General
reports the existence Of rich and extensive gold mines
in northeastern part Of Oregon and that the con
try surrounding the mines is adapted to agricultural
PURPOSES that the extension Of the lines OF the public
surveys is urgently required in tho valleys of Walla
waHa Umatis, Grand ROnde. Powder Burnt and
John Days rivers. He therefore submits an estimate
OF SIS 056 for the next fiscal year which IS reduced 10
$1,000 regarded by this Office as adequate TO puDhc
exigences.
The surveying service in Oregon is reported as en-
rscing four hundred and fortyeiebt whole and frac
ahe surveys Of donation claims at the expense Of donee
amount TO 1851 1850 and public lands to 4s1
1oO75 acres the latter including donation claims taken
by legal subdivsions-lRe OF the Commissioner Of
Che General Land Office for 1862.
INDIAN TRIBES.
"Duing the past year uninterrupted peace has been
maintained with all the Indians with whom treaties
have been negotiated and very large proportion oil
those who have hitherto escaped from the reservations
and been the Of much complaint On the part OF
the whites have been returned Between the Cascade
Mountains and the there is but one band number
ing about sixty who not located upon reservations
East Of those mountains all the Indians except portions
OF the Klamaths and Modocs, in "a state Of active
hostility. Their numbers estimated at about 5000
The country the occupy abounds in gold fields to which
large numbers ofminer have resOrtcd II s also rayers
ed by emgrants route leading from the east to Oregon
To the emgnts and miners the hostility of the Indians
is source Of great annoyance, and time should be
los, in endeavor amcable relations with
them. which. it is believed may be readily accomplish
ed Within the superinieudency there are the follow
aug agencies. viz the Umatilla, Warm Springs.
Grande RoRde, SIetz and Alsea.-[Extracts from re-
port Of Commissioner Of Indian AfTdrs 1868.
Near the eastern boundary Of the State extern
elve and rch gold fields have been discovered.
rms section now contains population OF several
Thousand miners
The inducements which the State Of Oregon offers
20 immigrants that lands abundant cheap
and productive the climate mild and healthy;
wages high, and employment certain and plenty.
The circulating currency is gold and silver Arti-
clca OF consumption are brought principally from
New-York and other Eastern cities
Mechanics and artisans find ample teld for their