Dayton daily empire. [volume] (Dayton [Ohio]) 1850-1865, 1864-08-06

tuhkh ot Rut DtlhucIhCfs anu tiiN mum
nees Of the Chicago Convention will
"walls over the course" The air is fairly
dark with straws, and there is no doubt
as to which way the wind is blowing.
=. -
The Restoration Of the Federal
UniOn,
The experience Of more than seventy
years Of peace and progress demonstrat-
ed the wisdom Of the Founders of our
Government in the adoption of the Fed
ersl system
The diversity in the physical character
istics Of the different States, furnished one
of the most powerful reasons in favor OF
the formation of the Federal Union As
time elapsed. this diversity became more
apparent on account of the development
OF local peculiaritics Of soil, climate and
production, aud also Of the domestic habits,
ideas and institutions Of the people. The
great wisdom of the federal form Of
government, as applied to our condition
and circumstances, consisted in leaving
to each distinct and Independent com
munity Gale State, the regulation Of
its own local affairs, the development Of
| its own peculiar resources in It's own way,
by its own enterprise, intelligence and
industry. Some Of the Northern and
more eastern States, became conspicuous
Cor their progress in commerce, navigation
and mauufactures-the Southern States,
for the production of the great staples Of
cotton, rice. sugar, DC, whilst the West
was developing into the granery of the
continent.
1t is apparent that the local laws aud
institutions Of sections Of the country dif-
fering so widely in physical characteristics,
and productions, must be also different.
The production Of cotton in the Carroll.
mas, developed one system of labor, and
its manufacture into muslin in Massachu-
sets, another, The navigating interests
of the coast States displayed one kind Of
enterprise, and the agricultural capabilities
Of the West another. The astonishing
progress Of the American people in wealth
and physical resources was attributable to
this very diversity more than to any other
single cause. The great fundamental and
vital idea of the Federal system is o5so-
iate Ron.iqterference aOh Tie local institu
lions, habits, or interests Of the severol
States composing H. Tho slightest de-
parture, from this principle is a step to-
wards despotism, A strong centralized
power may be well enough adapted to a
single State with an homogeneous popua-
ton, with similar ideas and habits, and
embracing territory of the same general
character; but it is totally unadapted to
an association Of States, such as ours.
The true Federal system is not unanal-
agous to the Law Of Nations. There is
now in force among nations a distinct and
well defined code Of public law, which
is equally binding upon civilized nations
yet it leaves England to develop her vast
commercial and manufacturing system
according to the wisdom and enterprise
of her own people; Spain to grow wool
/, France and Germany TO supply the worlc
with wines, and Austria, Russia and Prus
sia with cereals. Spain with her in
numerables hocks of ten thousand sheer
each, must have her peculiar system o
legislation for the government of that i'm
portant interest. She best knows the ne
cessities of her own case, and what pecu
liar regulations she requires. So with tn
different interest aud pursuits peculiar I,
the other States of Europe. Russia ha
or had her system Of serldom, Euglanc
her system of colliery and manulaeturin,
labor, and the other States of Europe thei
class distinctions consigning one portion
of their people to irreclaimable povert,
and toil-these however ae matters Will
which the Law OF Nations has nothin,
, whatever to do, and over which it assurne
no control. If it did, perpetual strife anC
confusion would be the result SO will
our Federal Government. Itperrorms III
only true functions when it deals will
those matters which concern the Stases il
their aggregate capacity, and confines tn,
exercise of its power to those specified mat
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