The evening telegraph. [volume] (Philadelphia [Pa.]) 1864-1918, 1864-11-01
yur DocrHINEor sECrss,oS.

! is dissouble at the pleasure Of any one or
more Of its members, we owe this deporable
! civil war. JoHN G. CALHOUN, OF South
Carolina, did more than all other men com
biued 10 popularizo and propagate this mis-
chievous doctrine and though he died before
he saw it carried into practice, there Is no
\ injustice done 10 his memory in saying that
his baneful teachings are now bearing their
| legitimate fruit.
II was certainly the hope and the intention
of the founders Of our National Government
to make It perpetual. They were too wise not
to foresco that all human institutions are
liable TO change, and they took every precau-
ton to secure the federative system they
established against the necessity of violent
disruption and overthrow. They set forth in
the Federal Constitution itself the modes by
which it might, in case Of necessity, be peace
ably amended; but Chey neither contemplated
nor made any provision for Its violent and
iorcible destruction. And no one who studies
the framework Of government which those
wise and virtuous statesmen so carefully con-
| triyed, can iail to perceive that it contains
within itself oil requisite means and methods
for its protection against resort to anarchy,
for an escape from such Inconvenience or
hardships the system might possibly produce
in practical operation.
On this question of The right of a state or
States to secede whenever there should seem
to be a iustifable cause for secession, turned
the great and memorable debate in the
| National Senate between HAYNE and WEE
| sTER; and the latter, on that occasion, com
| pletely and triumphantly demolished the dan
gerous theories of the Southern advocate of
notification. Mr.. WEBSTER denied the right
of a State TO peaceably withdraw from the
Union, on any pUetense whatever; and he
emphatically declared that such Withdrawal
would he an act of revolution, and deiensible
only on that principle.
The Southern States, then, in seeding from
the Union, initiated revolution; and in attempt
ing to maintain that fatal act of treason, they
fred the first gun in war that has filed the
whole land with suffering and lamentation for
more than three long anxious years. The
t Rebels have always claimed that they only
, exercised privilege of sovereignty in re-
' firing from the Union and setting up IN indie
5 pendent confederation Of their own; and they
] still contend that they are only acting in this
war on the defensive, and will cease fighting
c whenever they are "let alone" But 1t is
l. obvious that the formation of federative sys
,e tenn on their hypothesis would be simply pre-
D. posterous, for the reason that permanence
le which is prime object and design Of all gov
ne eminent, is utterly inconsistent wi h the liberty
o. OF every member of the association to leave /
ID at his discretion. 1t was, therefore, the duty
Of the National Administration to exert The
l. whole military power of the Government tC
= resist and conquer the Rebellion; and though
e il is deeply to be regretted that union o
4, States, founded originally on common consent
d and mutual interest, should be maintained anC
le preserved by force, yet they alone are Il
IN blame who made such action necessary; while
10 it is quite certain that a war to effect tht
G. object in view is much smaller evil thar
Id would be the recognition of the doctrine tina
d. any member Of a political society may breal
a it up whenever it suits his caprice. On tn
cd general subject of the dissolution of the sOcia
IT compact by the action of the individuals VIII
Sc are parties to it, the following extract from
,lf "Burke's Reflections on the French Revolu
,n tion" is most pertinent 10 our present situa
lr tion. He says:-
tx Society is indeed a contract. Subordinat
/" contracts for objects Of mere occasional interes
may be dissolved at pleasure; but the stat
L. 4" ought not to be considered as nothing bette
he " than partnership agreement in trade o
Pepper and coffee calico or tobacco, or som
ny " other such low concern, 20 be taken up for
sI little temporary interest, and TO DO dissolved b
- the fancy of the parties. IL is to be looked OF
" with other reverence, because it is not part
'd nership IN things subservent only to the grOs
nfEanI a. a IA fUuf lt.Il
" nature. IL is a partnership in all sciclce;
iI partnership in all art; a partnership in ever
a | A" virtue, and in all perfection. As the ends o
,b f" such partnership cannot be obtained in man.
." " generations, II becomes u partnership not On
an between those who living, but between thOs
n who are dead and those who are TO be born
~, Each contract OF each particular State Is bu
t1 " clause IN the great prmeyal contract Of cteT
fC " nal sucigty, linking the lower with the highe
. natures, connecting the visible and inyisibl
W. world, according 10 iNed compact sauctone
t.. " by the inyiolaOc oath which holds al physics
,a " and all moral natures, each in their apponte
o place. This law is not subject 20 the will
''S those, who by an obligation above ihem, an
pu " Infinitely SUPERIOR are bound to submit thei
%, viii to that law. The municipal corporation
10 " Of that universal kingdom are not morally
Fe " heIty az their pleasure, and on their specal
Ter tluns OF contingent Improvements, wholly
separate and tear asllndCr the bands or The
III suhoi diu9tC community, and 20 dissolve IL int
ON unsOC.l, uuciyil, uncOnncctcd chaos
elementary principles. IL is the l'st aud 81
pl.l't l@'eosill phly, u Necessity LNtt la u'
ne " yLoscn but ChO lses, q necessity paramount
on delOcraIon, that admits no discussion, ma
d,mauds no evidence, which alone can iustii
W. " e resort TO anarchy. This necessity is no c'
ty " ceptiOn 10 the rule; because this necessit
% itself is part, too, OF that moral aud physici
" disposition Of things to which man must
ty Ob1dient by consent or force but If that whiC
no " is only submission 10 necessity shOuld be mac
" the object Of choice, the law is broken, nGtu
ne =" is disobeyCd, and the rebslliOus are outlaws
IL cast forth, and eXiled from this world Of rea8O
and order, and peace, aud yr.ue, and ftuiti
" penilenCe, into the antagunistie world Of ma
hs " ness, cisc1rd, vice, confusion, aud uuavlilll
70 % sOTOw.'
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