Holmes County farmer. [volume] (Millersburg, Ohio) 1857-1926, 1864-04-14

navigation, while the South required pro-
lection for her slave property. These
demands were reconciled by the South
surrenderiDg 30 the common government
the right to tax the ships of foreign States
and to impose duties upon inports--in
other words, the control Of the whole
subject Of trnde--New England concedinp
in return TO the South the right of import
ing slaves for twenty years, the right to
have three fiiths Of her slaves rcckoncd in
the basis Of her representation and the
right 10 the surrender Of her fugitive slaves.
This, as characterized by Gouverncur
Morris, was the "Jargoja between the
sections and by it slavery became part of
our National Government. Had these
concessions not been obtained it is but the
simple truth TO say that the Southern States
would never have become parties to the
Government.
Such then, was the government left US by
our fathers; and whatever fault we may
find with the conditions which it invol-
YES, GOOD faith, required that we should
strictly adhere to them. | believe the
history of our government will bear me
out in the assertion, that whatever troubles
we have at any time experienced hava boon
in consequence Of the exercise Of the dOULt-
fW p0,Cers, and Of departure from the spir-
it of the compact ! might instance that
departure IN the case Of the establishment
Of the national bank, and the assumption of
The State debts. 1t was further step in
the same direction when by the tariffs Of
1916 and 1894 and 1928 duties upon imports
were levied, not for the clearly constitutional
purpose of an economical administration of
the government, but for the avowed object Of
protection to home manufacturers. Hap
py, thrice happy for the people Of these
states would it have been had the sectional
feeling of the country limited itself to such
trlumphs as it might hope to achieve
through the exercise Of the implied powers
under the Constitution.
But it manifested itself further in dissat-
isfaction on the port Of the North with the
compromises of the Constitution in regard
to slavery. There had indeed existed al
most contemporaneously with the adoption
of the charter a small party of abolitionists,
consisting chiefly of the quakcrs Of New
England and Pennsylvania. These parties
| during Washington's administration, had
memorialized Congress for the abolition Of
the slave trade prior to the time fred in the
| Constitution, and for the abolition Of slave
nv within the states This cry, which or
| ieinated with fanatics, wascaught up by pol
iticians for party ends, and was used witt
great bitterness by the Northern journals t.
intensity the hostility which that section en-
| tertained toward the measures Of Mr. JET
4 ferson and Mr.. Madison's administrations
I This spirit of hostility to slavery continued
Il to increase, and broke out with fresh viru
lence on the application of Missouri for ad
mission into the Union. 1t thus assume'
an unprecedented importance from its con
nection with contest for political power
Shortly after, the public mails were used
to distribute oyerthc South incendiary mat
ter calculated to stir up insurrection among
the slaves. Congress was besieged for the
abolition of slavery within the District o
Columbia and John Quincy Adams persls
f tently and defantly presented petitions pray
ing for the dissolution Of the Union. State
nullifed by their legislation the acts Of Con
= gress passed in pursuance Of the provisio
a in the Constitution for the rendition of ''fr
: gitives from labor" Pennsylvania thus IT
] ute book in 1880. And when a territori;
e government for Oregon was to be provided
c the proposition to extend the Missouri lin
of 81 deg. 80 min, to the Pacific ocean VIZ
f rejected by Congress, and the Wimot prC
! wise, prohibiting, slavery in Oregon, adol
, ted. California was also admitted as a stat
: without passing through a territorial cond
I ton, and with an anti-savery Constitution
The effect was to make discrimination be
= tween the citizens of coequal States, whic
the Constitution did not contemplate, Sim
ultaneously there appeared in New Englan
certain new social and political theories in re
lation to slavery,
That these theories were of foreign origil
little doubt can be entertained The uney
pected success of our political institutions
the growing greatness of our American re
public, of our commerce, and all our indus
t trial pursuits, had begun to affect Englanc
with fears for the permanence of her owl
, superiority, and even for the duration of he
l political system. The success Of so econom
f ical government, and one so favorable t
= the rights of man, seemed to be standin
reploach to the more expensive, exclusive
r and unequal establishments Of Europea
| absolutism In addition to these motives
; England had also further one-wc wei
e her rebellious offspring. To see our Repu'
e lie prove failure and our federative systel
c divided, so that one section could be tougl
n against the other, was the aim of both ht
!, pride and power. ltwas therefore that they
$ liant eyes of some Of her political leade
II soon discovered the opportunity afforded !
+ our domestic differences for the introductiC
il and fermentation of strife. Abolition emf
e saries quickly found their way to Boston,
:. There their incendiary doctrines soon foun
/ Il congenial soil The seed '.tell upC
Y good ground and increaseda Il hundred fold.
/ Agitation of the slavery question in eve
d form and upon every occasion has since tn
G time been perseveringly maintained III Il
/ Northern States, and especially in Ne
i England, in conversation, in lectures, by ii
+ Press, in the pulpit, in the halls Of legisl
+ ton, and upon the stump, all of which tel
ded only to one disastrous result.
IS Mr.. Buchanan has been blamed for lac
a of energy in meetingthc sudden crisis OF Il
v rebellion. 1t has been asserted that had
d acted with proper promptncss III garrison
ing the tortiiicationsin the six excited Soutl
C ern States the rebellion would have bee
a avoided. But the truth is, there We're l
d available troops within reach. Gen, Scot
II in his supplemental views to, the War ID
e partment on the 30th of October, 1850, 81
e ted that but four hundred troops were will
e in reach for that purpose. 1t is eyldel
e that it was his great aim TO avoid; collision
5 to avert civil war and save the Union, ath
It ming the clear authority of the governmel
II to enforce the federal laws within a state
e but finding none to beat back a secedlr
n state into the Union. In the nullitcatio
If troubles in 1882, Gen, Jackson did not a
ID tempt to exert the coercive power until, c
h application to Congress, the force bill WI
r passed. Did not Mr.. Buchanan ask Co
20 eress for u similar bill, "or to authorize Il
is employment of military force, and did n
l. Congress fail to grant it Agreeing wi
IS Gen. jackson in his views as expressed
lc his Farewell Address, in the utter ineti(