The New York herald., 1864-11-08

psgsc.sd rsnsss parts q ths snpfS IN his desire V
he resolved to follow n ths wake Of freS rads England
he laid far reaching plans for the o. Frenco
commerce In every part of the world Tne works tnas
have been carried forward with extraordinary energy
at Marseies Chebourg and other French ports, have
been, from time 10 time, fully described. me
establishment OF great steam routes under the
French icoor mas been one the notable characters
tics OF the second empire While the Developments the
natural resources OF France has been vigorously prose-
cuted plans vast been laid for opening up
new markets. and for perfecting the means OF commun
cation by roads, canals and railways Are not even the
desert and ungrateul Landes gradually falling under the
scientific care o. man? With these extensive changes 10
progress, and with empire OF immense wealth
shores OF France 1t the natural course OF things
tnat the attention OF the should be drawn 10
Tue possibility OF establishing great port opposite the
american continent Having been at some pains aud ex-
pense 70 establish an European prince the throne OF
Mexico the Emperor was not inclined to let the conse-
quenf Mexican trade iall into our hands
And SO the dream OF city as proud and rich and
mighty as Liverpool the Mersey arose France must
ais hars opposite TIE shores Of Ameica great pert and
miles 0. docks and show forests OF masts gladden.
the sight OF frenchmen by drawing a French Liver
pool the bunting OF all nations
The mouth OF the Loire Eas been chosen for the new
Liverpool and for many and sufficient reasons
the Loire is most remarkable river Taking its rise
little south OF st. Etienne, in the southeast corner of
France II flows through it's lovely valleys north, past
Nevsrs TO Oreass It's most northernly point Hence It
ing not less than four large towns between aud
the sea, viz-Bios, Tours Ansers and Nantes Nantes
q
renowned for her sugar reineries.
Nantes far from the mouth OF the river to be
Sy .ns s nss were to 10
erumbed and intrigued and brought tho influence OF
wealth 10 bear against the new Liverpool Then, when
Intrigue had become mpoten and It had been resolved
that there should be port at the mouth Of the
Pambeuf, smaH, unimpotant place, nearer the mouth
than Nan tes clamored be the chosen Sd But poor
Paimb9uf was quickly disposed Of. Imagine port open
north, east ana west. Tho little fishing village he
promontory-littie st. Nazaire-had no influence; n
no m n w "a nainio
ter. But 1t could project shipping from the westerly
winds II was, moreover, close TO the mouth of the
river and so, after much sIuab bling opposition
Nazaire fixed upon the spot that should become
great aud Gourshng port opposite Mexico and the West
Indies
When undertakiugo OF this marn tude is taken in
hand by the French gevernmet u IL about with the
utmost The general good aud the general effect
studied. Regulations are authoritativcly laid down.
Every single building must accord with the general &c.
sign Bui!ders are not permitted to work in the hap
yard thriitess style that is To be about the VIC
torIa docks, and produces Londou the border.
Streets are laid out with care aud every possible prov
sion IL made for the comfort OF the population that
pected. st Nazsire having been selected as
prt, the Orleans Railway speedily stretched it and
ad opted IL as its Surveyors and builders and
architects the spot VITA and without gov.
efnmeni authority company was formed to build the
tewn upon a Uniform plan. BY the bread SIT sands
away the changing hammers OF the yardsthere
Is arising one OF the most ornamental cities France
Every hoe corner OF the city has beea cupsd
cred as part ot the general effect.
MIR. Marsh Nelson, the we'll known architect, was the
Eogish authority selected 10 make general report
proceeded tnthcr accordingly and found that the npe-
ri government ID already sot 10 work earnest The
docks, II appears, face the river on tho east The
snpyard TO the north, in which, at this moment I've
great transartic OF 200 tons each being
struced On the west OF The docks are the railway sta
small streets OF houses. On the
The beautiful bay OF St. Na2arie. extending for dis
tsnce Of about e and quarter, with the roadsead
Tho great West Ind and Mexican trade is to be
opened with ec OF nine vessels Of five thousand
each AZ this moment the traye yeer VINO may desire to
EMPEROR
port my see five ships Of five thousand tons each
rising side by side In the new yards or ST. Nayaire
Tpee noble ransatao,c traders are in the hands Of two
tRousaEd French workmen under the supernte OF
a Glasgow shipbuilder and iew sr.su suboruiaates
The En-, seeks men for his purpose wherever the
bes, he found lie imports the supremely skiliul
man. in tina: wse and liberal spirit which governed
policy OF Colbert AS this minister tempted foreign
clolnmaxefs Into France Nalo H. 20 g to Ciyce
TO Sc hs gre It shpbuders, ana To London Tor the
OF his stables. 1t Is part OF free trade
policy to seek that which necessary any OF his
projects IN the best III ,rkcts This policy has stiIi
It's vehement opponents in France aud among
these opponents are large masses of working cla ses
They have protested against tho ortatn or sk,l
well as against Its imrortat'oo All the trades OF Paris
tnat have mmsed notable workmen from their midst,
aud have traced them the ch to shores
OF Perhdous Albion have set up cry Of rage and dis
gust and have laid the barne TO the imperial
meat Iney will not see that which Is tha trsh of the
matter. These foreign worSmen OF superior skiithesc
ladeuils aud ohers-have been toinpted England by
higher wages than they could earn In their eouu-
try-because tner degree Il skill being England
than is France Is dearer They travel to the best
market A taste tor manufactures has arisen
IN this country; and there no EDglsh workmen
can satisfy It, so Frencn workm.n, whose taste and
ski, are superior TO English workmen arc ,omptod to
Bnmiogbam Manchester and bondon Wnen we DO not
rfqure the skl we import the taste ony-that Is, we
buy foreign mode Is aud desilhs.
have that i've five thousand ton trading steamers
actually III coGrso OF construction, side by SIDE,
the yard ~ ST. Nazairc. under tho guiding eye OF
Glasgow shipbuilder. Hut this ! not the complete ex.
pertinent the french Emperor Is makinx. was very
anxocs 10 compare the shippuildng capacity OF the
Clyde with that OF the Loire In order 10 make that
comparison air footing he ordered three trapsat.
antic steamers OF five thousand tons each be built
the clyde, While the five monster tho
buide a. hands at st NaZne. ln this way the relative
advantages OF shiobldog ON the Clyde and the Loire
will be ascertsned IL 10 said already, and by Eugsh
that the Lore will have The best Of the comparison
Coal DO ooained from South wa'cs as cheaply as
!. eSa Naznfe oSsr Glasgow se snoe,ory ,nst
the climate Of the former is much more propous for
shipbuiIding This is, OF course. very important ad
vantage, seeing how much Of the shipwrsnt's work
must be perio med in the open air. Again, wages are
lower on the banks OF the Loire than they the
clyde.
Tbe experiment that is now going forward on grand
scale is pregnant with most important results. It rs
custed at rate to keep the OF English
bai ders wide The French workmen, am informed,
readily adapt themselves % the new work they have
In hand at st, Nazare With coal cheap that DO
had the banks OF the Cydc with superior climate,
and workmen who accept ower wages than the Scatch
receIvethe shpbuders Of the Lore look hopefully
forward IL is certainly an extraordinary, and, am
told unprecedented sight, TO five eviathan snps
the prog made on all the ships exactly equal week
by week.
Men Ko M CeZard ana other cnlight0ued French free
traders watching the extraordinary development of
ST. Nazaire as fact that with be one OF the re-
akable creations OF the second empire II is the start
ing point for the lines OF steamers Mexico, the West
Indies Portugal and other pacss and the terminus OF
the orleans and Western rail- Ways which put imme.
diate connection with Paris and all the chief towns
the sweet aud renowned valley OF the Lorche richest
and most popuous districts OF the French empire II
will develop trade which Nantes could have created
Between 81 Nazaire and Nantes there Is distance "
about sixty miles The navigation OF the river through.
cut this distance said 10 be both dangerous and tedious
II Is adapted only 10 small vessels not exceeding $50
tons and daily becoming worse through the sitting up
OF the river. YET with this eacherous stream
pg her with the Nantes has trade OF the annual
value OF twenty millions sterling The dock at So
Nazare with gates capable Of admitting vessels or 5000
tons burden s extent quite inadequate to the present
commerce.
Figures will indicate at glance the Importance the i'm
pea attaches 10 It's new creation. Already
fs00 900 have been expended on this commercial
port, and arrangements have been made for further
government expenditure OF 81 ,20o, COO These two
milious sterling will. Is said, lay tho foundations
OF q port tor . large mercantile marine. The
population has Increased with the extraor
dinary rapidty. The some time flsherman's vii