Nebraska advertiser., 1864-12-15

terS OF the current 1Scai year. Z the
general operations Of the Treasury in
d-lah | refer you TO the report o; the
Setrelsry Of The Treasury.
] concur with hin in the opinion that
the proportion Of The money required to
meet The expenses consequent on The war,
derived from taxation. should be further
increased. and I earnestly invite your at
tenlion to this subject, 70 the end that
there may be such additional legislation
as shall be required to meet the just ex-
peclaiions Of. the Secretary.
The public deb. On the first day CT
July, lasI, as appears By The books Of the
Secretary, amounted 10 81 ,749. 690.4S9
~. Probably should the war continue
Tor another year, that amount may be in
creased by not far from $500 000.O00.-
Held as i is for the most part, by our
own people, II has become a substantial
branch Of National, though private prop
perry. Fer Obvious reasons the more
nearly this property can be distributed
among the people the better. To favor
such a general distribution greater in
duCements TO become n might, per-
haps. with good effect. and without inju-
~, be presented to persons of Limited
means. With this view. | suggest wheth-
er It might not bsl both expedient and
competent for Congress to provide that a
Limited amount Of some future issues OF
public securities might be held by any
bona fde purchaser exempt from taxa
ton, or from seizure for debt. Under
such restrictions and Limitations as might
be necessary 10 guard against the abuse
Of so important q privilege. This would
enatle Prudenh parseGs 10 SGT aside q
small annuity agSihst z poss:bis day Of
want. Privileges Ike these would rem.
der tie possession Of such securities, 10
The amount limited, mos, desirable to
every person Of small means who might
be able 10 save enough for the purpose.
The great advantage of citizens being
creditors az well as debtors, with rela-
lion TO the public debts, is obvioGs. Men
readily perceive that they cannot be
Ruch oppressed by a debt which they
owe themselves.
The national banking system is prov
ing to be acceptable to capitalists and 10
the people. On the 25th of November,
five hundred and eighty-four National
Banks had been organized, and a consid-
cradle number Of which were conversions
from State Banks. Changes from the
State system to the National system are
rapidly taking place, and it is hoped that
very soon there viii be in he United
States ii bank Of issue not authorized by
Congress, and no bank notes the circula-
tiOn Of which is not secured by The Gov.
eminent.
1t seems quite clear that the Treasury
cannot be satisfactorily conducted unless
the government can exercise a restrin-
gent power over the bank nste c~ircula-
zion Of the country.
II is of noteworthy interest hat the
steady expansion of population, improve
ment of Governmental Institutions over
the new and unOccupied portions of our
country, have scarcely been checked
much less impeded or destroyed by our
great civil war, which at first glance
would seem 10 have absorbed almost the
entire energies of the nation. The or
ganizalIon and admission of the State of
Nevada has been completed in conformi-
~ with laws and rules. Our excellent
system is firmly established in the noun
tains which once seemed a barren and
uninviting waste between the Atlantic
STATES and those which have grown up on
the coast of the Pacific Ocean.
The treasures Of the United States are
generally III a condition of prosperity
and rapid growth. Idaho and Montana.
by reason Of their great distance and the
int Eruption of communication with them
by Indian hostilities have been only par
TALLY organized but it is understood
that these difficulties are about to disap-
pear, which will permit their Govern
ments like those of others TO 60 fnlo full
and speedy operation.
The quantity of public land disposed
of during The five quarters ending on the
30th Of September last was 1921 ,342
acres, of which l.53S,6I4 acres were en-
tered under the Homestead Law-the
remainner was located with military
warrants anti Agricultural scrip certified
TO States-for railroads and sold for cash.
The, crsh receipts from sales and location
fees was $50. 1913 46-the income from
sales during the fiscal year ending June
80, 1864, was SG76, coz 81 against 1885,
or 81 receipts during the preceding
year. The aggregate Of acres surveyed
during the year has been equal to the
quantity disposed of, and there is open
10 settlemenl about 1873, 600, 900 acres OF
surveyed land.
The great enterprise of connecting the
Atlantic with the Pacific by Railroad and
telegraph lines has been en- cred upon
with a vigor that gives assurance of sue.
cess, Notwithstanding the embarrassment
arising frOm'the prevailing high prices OF
materials and labor. The route of the
main line of the road has been definitely
located fer one hundred miles westward
from the initial point, at Omaha City
Febraska, and a preliminary location of
the Pacific Railroad of California has
been made from Sacramento eastward to
the great bend of the Mpcker river, Ne.
yada.
Numerous discoveries of gold. silver
and cinnabar mines have been added
TO the many heretofore known, and the
country occupied by the Sierra Nevada
Rocky Mountains and the subordinate