Vermont phÅ“nix. [volume] (Brattleboro, Vt.) 1834-1955, 1864-07-08

AGED the exhausted and vigorous, the laborer,
exhausted by hard days work, each and all
are doing their hest TO see the bottom of the
pitcher, and TO pitrh their bodies into the wa
terry element yet after all, how few persons
complain of any bad effect from it!
Cattle should never he allowed to drink pond
water. They should either have access 10
running stream, or clean water trough
Prairie Farmer.
On the Improvement and Management OF
Soils.
II is not the objec; Of Che present undertake
ing to enter into any critical investigations con-
cerning the chemical processes BY which these
manures contribute so eA'ectually to the I'M
provement Of vegetation. 1t is sufficient for
our present purpose TO discover their natural
and indispensable relation to the continued and
successful! progress of that operation. In the
vritirgs of most authors on such subjects, we
often meet with great deal about rape and
linseed cake, and several other substances at
tainable only in certain level situations; and
their uses in the vicinity OF such places must
be OF importance. But the production OF dung
OF domesticated animals in improved countries
is aHniyersal thing, and may Justly be styled
the Stg0 Ct vegetation and every one who car
res on his operations on a large scale, ought
TO adopt every means in his power to augment
these most valuable ingredients. In the vicin-
iiy Ct large cities, where the produce of the
lands to a great extent is invariably carried TO
the public markets, nothing can be more rea-
sonable than ample returns to such lands of
these ofials Of all kinds, so constantly accumu-
lating fnom the vaet numbers Of horses of all
descriptions, mich cows, butchers cattle of all
ptn nv mic hf nle
merate another substance still more valuable
than either of the above, which at least during
some months of the year might be very benef
cally appropriated for the purpose of promo
ting vegetation. In the most populous and ci-
yilized nations of the old world, night. soil is
carefully collected and so managed as entirely
TO prevent any disagreeable consequences ars-
ing from the preparation of it as valuable
manure. or late years great attention has
been paid to sewerage deposits for manure in
the large cities ofEuropc.
Some kinds of manure are proper ONLY for
particular kinds Of soil but what so greatly
enhances the value of the above substances, is
that they are proper for all kinds of soil that
are intended to produce substantial crops. Tie
stronger the soil, the less quantity will serve
but in all instances where abundant crops are
desired, liberal supplies of the above ingredi-
ents ought to be freely applied and lavishingly
Incorporated with teeming earth. Wood-ashas
are valuable manure, as every one knows, for
light soils. A few years ago. when occupying
Three Hills Farm, we strewed about twenty
five bushsls of leached ashes on about three
tourths of an acre, on dry sandy soil. Vari-
Gus crops were evidently benefited by this dress.
ing; but the most remarkable fact that we OBJ
served from il, was that ever after it most lux
uriousy produced the chick-weed, plant we
had not before observed in that locality and
which, especially in summer is peculiar
only to strong moist soils. This is an apnca-
ton capable Of producing or retaining moisture
in dry SOIL superior to anything we have ev-
er seen and in our mind, stamps an invaluable
worth on ashes as a manure for this kind of
soils. But on strong moist soils, they answer
no good purpose. SCOT, especially on moist
soil, exceeds every other manure for grass ii
should be srewed on the ground as early as
possible in the spring; this too, since the in
PRODUCTION of anthracite coal, is scarce arti-
Gle.
The refuse vegetable ingredients in all
grounds appropriated to horticultural or agr-
cultural purposes are of great value as articles
of mann re; many of them are highly reished
by cows, to which they prove an excellent arti.
Gle OF fodder; and in the pig-pen it is astnnish-
ing how SreGt quantity of manure may be ac-
cumulated by depOsting therein oil rough
melons, cu,umbers. &c. These substances rs
soon as they get well saturated in The pig-pen
should be removed and intermixed with good
soil or other compost, in which their excessive
fermentation ought TO he checked by regular
applications Of earth and few LAYERS of the
vegetable stuff, if possible, well intermixed
with the whole When no pig-pen is on the
premises, all the refuse should be carefully de-
posted IN some appropriate place, and inter-
mixed with layers of earth and other manures
when their decomposition is wished TO be accel-
Grated. 1t may be most effectually promoted by
intermixing Herewith layers of quick lime. Ac
cordlng to the present theory of chemical phil
osophy, the less fermentation that takes place
in manures, previous 10 their application to the
sof so much are they the better. We have
never approved ofpermitting any manure to
undergo any excessive fermentation but there
are abundant reasons for allowing moderate
degree OF it to take place. In the first place,
fresh cow-dung when turned into dry soil, |
Incorporates with it in the same way, if we may
be permitted the simile, as drops of water are
often observed to do on dry -four or dust thew
roll up in round globues, and if dry weather
should happen to set in, ia thing always to be
guarded against) the effects of such an appi-
Gallon prove rather injurious. We always mix
horse-dung with cows, in sufficient quantity to
ferment II so as 10 render it short and free and
these manures when intermixed are not apt to
overhead, and are easily regulated bv the an.
plicalon of any sort of soil to any degree
thought proper and we have no doubt that
even these subtle fluids that some philosophers
are so much afraid of making their ESCAPE. will
be considerably absorbed by the very moderate
intermixture of little soil, which is generally
very easily obtained, and al little expensc.
Hence dung on the other hand, is generally
brought from the stables, about half straw, and
when applied 10 land in that rank state it is
impossible to turn it down and when the soil
IS loose no pillow that we have yet seen cen COW
er II. A certain degree Of fermentation is alb
SoiuteIy necessary to render it at all manage
aole and when cow-dung connot be obtained
10 lhtermIx with ii in this operation, any kind
Of sou should be applied to prevent heating too
much' The same mode of treatment is neces-
sary TO be observed in the management of
weeds and all other waste vegetables.
The principal fossil manures, lime and gyp-
sum, are most commonly applied for the pur-
poses ofagriculture, and for which the last
seems 10 be peculiarly adapted, it being very
material ingredient in the constitution of gras-
SEES, which extract with avdity from the soil
ana hence the great successes that attend its
application TO legumes ard grasses.
C. NJ DEMENT,.
CUICAGO.-The ChieaOo cnrresnondnnt of