Richmond enquirer. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1815-1867, 1864-01-01

MES in lac -er7ic" But do i@t think that
construction admissible; llr, !. i doe7 net
conform to .ha lsn2uage OF tH' oriHr-,' one
per ,nohrh Il. sdei - Company. Ard :. l.
&onl4 lie impraeticnble ~ ascertain m any
given tine Low many Substitutes mad beef
received drr;n. the. r.ontl IN Gii the Gonna
MEG, and, thHretcrr impossible 70 soy. ID any
ssse, whether sGhzt:iu;e cCr3@ se lawful;
received or Tot
Eer 20 ti::Gk ;tH or'er rHn 10 Construed 20
refer t. :.lc syeracr runbc. pr month ~ ;hLt
particular co.ar@ny. Through %.ss pc::o'i o:
lime must the computation % extended % aScer-
..;n the average. It tiTcUah ore year, tie
average n ght exceed CIe ToAil; Il though
two years. it rnight :'.l tciow II.
] THAI: the Only almissabl" Instruction =,
that 1hich the words plainly Indicate, namely:
hat the Number r substitutes :, be :cce;'ef ~
70 any psl;:ciiar c1HpHry sEgi. Lot oyc-2I Ea2
in rYy nAc calendar nic!,;n
TIE question: !'n'ai.s - TO The st2c' D: ="
regulation an.i fiat depends UPON tic further
question. whether he regulation IS mere d:ree-
ton, 10 the cal,,iin Of such comra.;y-jn other
words. whether It is wbn'. i'll legal iauru:gs. is
cuIl- direeory or whether j; = what Is called, :.
legal guaCe ,ir'yerRiir. or mandatory 49, c!!
a."s 'he.e fore. as u iim.ta;ig: Upon Ec pow: -
the captain. lfibe :Gr'nsr, Ser. ehho"a' ~" emp
tain riolsted bis Guiy 90 receiving - ""r"Fd
substitute. the act wac v.: ! liz !N''sr. :Ec':
the captain lad 10 aa:hsiitJ % iccciT2 .''e 60
cond substitute. aud t!!e Pc. il Nci h::n;&c on
the Government, unless Il can be ait-'lI: e: 60.
some special ground.
The distinction, between .:aS which 40 jirec-
tory and those which are mandatory. is well I'm
derSLOcd, md has been !or% established: sSt i.
is not always easy 70 So whether = parsS:aar
ease belongs 10 one class Ir t;Ia other. T. has
been found impossihl. 20 Iay t""n h:":u:y Tr.aH
which will decide all cNSs., anal II. effort !i%s
generally hscn, without Ct. iH;""r!"@ 10 H.; G6SE
general rules, TO "srrrf:'l '"iG '!:c !lI!S:as" ;n
subject matter ami apparent policy ot The i!T ~
each case, whether ha vglt'cniar :sQnircyGamt .s
directory or impeI'.!ivr. Em lie Courts s9crtJ
he cautious how .h,r -: :.i,;c the r:ura - ia,'
BIZ construction and ho. tn. ~ DC mcr,' il.
rectory which. o.. t!n w0ris, s2ens 10 Hc I'M
per.tirc; and think sic!! construction r"m "''.
ly be- adopted when Il j. y.aia that TIE ~
tenti.u OF tho lar ,.,aseI ahsil;sI and requires
it. Il. Case Of .lnnbt, :hr language shoa,i have
its dice: according lis f;ii- interpretation.
Tic 1i:'icutv in suc!. "a = !. "AIn tho !Go-
2xigc liz in the ;.lI!!J.a:;r-. - ;!Hi: i'ar-1r'
ri,Inv ShaH DC IoIccr -! IL lose ~:;'''' ~ -
surk ceses The wc!,,s - il: te ryHht:@,d % be IL
rectory on imperative. :;cvo;dr.r 20 !ho circHD.-
s,auc.s But it appears 10 ba;scrt:rl ." :, rti..'.
that when tho lang;.ea il i! lis nrE:'i =, rs
that thing shall not b. 'l0nc, lie sr;cF:on MIS-,
be regarded ss Imperative. In .n.:! cues Ire
lauceags Ct Prohibition is ITO is;i!a % DC nTsr-
ruled BY judicial constitution. Dwsn.s 80
Statutes, rs. Col ". Green. L y. sd t:ss"%,
81.
Tested by this ru:e lie regulation e Question
is plainly imrelativc. Tbs ia"aGa,. i n t.'s
negative. and expresses ros'tir! aud %b5'!nt9
prohibition. The meaning woci' :'ot base h"' .
plaiser. II the lTgnag. h@G i',2T 70 cap'"'.
shall receive" ~ "rU T. p.;.iu snail 20 2'.sr:i.-a
10 receive" mere fnnn 90. substitute III "'E
month.
This construction 5ceta; Sis1 IN - in accoT'
snce with The object an: 9icy :" :.a r'G" .ai.p7:.
The act Of Congress merely gIT.s -" s"ri-taTr
Of War permissor 70 rYcri"s sT"-Jnrcs %nL r
such regulations as hc might thirE proper 10
prescribe. Looking 20 the inte;eS: OF the Gov
ernnerL the Secretary though it necessary: f.:
reasons which may Ie'.ii:.y ia .u.;'giHcG. !" iA',
the number of substitute. which n1;,;ii' IL psi
into company II: 4 ~lvn.-!..I'. IN. 70 emo
girc effect SC that ro'icJ cor ~ '.7.'", '"@
regulation ~ imperative. "n'' e. t.GY'ag . i"t
10 the captain 10 receive 1891" .n". @-.'. '' !
tute III fnT month
Il is .Skci iioT1 tho settler il TO asrcr'.:ii, <
cept from his Captain, w!iaia.r another snhHi' .
tute can be receive; during the n:o":h :.'
whether be is not justified ~ acting upon tic
information received ,rom his tapistn.
It's net pretended fiatthc petitioner was M
led by his captain. ~ II til meter -: i."i.
whether substitute hsl already ~ received
during tho month o. nrr. To- 'c v'aS 30.
rant o, the fact, YrhicI; srns r..r. iLa c.i6 &C.
10 have been E3t"i!ou' - the c"r."ai. tn"'
Arnold had pu: in his 2a.>..n'.. OF "a. = -
Tie question, Therefore. i not gr's'.. 4, :" 80
present case i;Ut The "a,.. so il i" ".'T:7Ts.
I'll. soldier is bound 20 t.he u"'ca Of 'hc rr.L"
la:ion he is presumed 70 l:nI". .hal x Inc CAP
tain has already received cun 5ub:i""'G rusirt
the current month. he cai:''Dt .a"'u!iy receive
another until the next month. BE m: u la
his power to-usccTieir III" f.r' 'vhe:>e: en- las
already been received, &ui r"vt u P'H."''l'd -
know Whist he cor'l 50 "Gsi:y ascertain And
he must suffer ii TO 2sas vii: The cHptai r.:er
bis authority has ceased.
It is the commua cgsA Of ~ a~5n' WITH
special and limited au;hoTitp. e he n"t4 'r;';Iiy
his authority, his act is valid an. H-'l'' ~ ~,
his principal. If he gaes hoyV"i RI auti3r: :,
then ID respect, .: lost. 10 a, Persons WHO dent
with him. knowing. o: with .i!a man. 81 'incw-
ing that he was eSrae,i:.. his aGth1sity. his net
is not binding al MS principe, ! Gra'jen,
Isl. K.rnan 80. ! loil, g.. &c Sow lo'!:
Rep. 1875
A like principle is applied 20 'li,,case RI cen =;
aud Offices CT specia! M! FINITE! authority
The party who relies upon she .ct al s'lei' co"'t
or officer must b. prepared. 81 has peri. 10 prove
TINT the act WAS within Ia yprc:'.. at;IhDr:.
think. ihcruiGra. ti,at ;h5 nc. III Captain
Camp in receiving the petitioners substitute,
was done w:th"l. any i#:.!r, :.iba:l :. :;ii :".t
il does rot bind ihc Government, i...ssj suae>
thing ha- "ccTrrs, since. 20 MA" Il Obligatory.
Nothing Of this Scrs IS si:gy-t2i. - ccpt HE So.
quiesence VI the Secretly a: War. wh:ch .yir!y
he inferred from In, delay nj cigt.!, 0:riias -
call in question tic Regularity OF ;;te proceeding
As the reputation i'll question was made b.
tho Secretary for the protection II he G,r2rI!.
meut. | nave 40 d2ub: he coii "aiYo i, IN
any SiticuIar ease. n MS picssUC,. aud :" ia
any case Of second substitute IN tho s..:G.
month, he might, ii lie shoatd ses e. to 90 go.
ratify tho unauthorized act, ani ti4Is iDai:c It
binding on the Government. BIT | do not tir!:
that his ratification can DC i;!'nrret N the p;c2'
ent case, from the failure - .'srate ~ raii.:;s
Of the substitution until recently. There - il"
evidence That lie was ininitstt .; tiu f;."t -.
Captain Camp had exceeded Eis authority. "n.
it is we'll settled that wien ito silence ard s:.
quiescence ti !,e principal are r"ii2a iH"r - q.
ratification Of the unau horned act 81 ,h- a"!nt,
j. must clearly appear iha. tie principal ;7a.
fully informed Of the fact the: - agent has .y-
cseded his authority. . si:s. !! :ni3 r'6c:rrIis.
which iufers the ratification Of ;ile unauthorized
act OF an agent from ths "iisT. .-Ir.stCcrpe g
the principal can he ;",': .a.'iel 4. I'll 10 q
ccse III which the GoyeI:.Hen; .. tn sec. 'sfy
c War is tie principal, il certainly S"gi: net to
lie supplied with tie same v,g.r - hen re
principal is private individual. =. O-'at;eid
". the State OF Illinois, 70 Wrn!e,.--iE;
HiiI-7s9.
Tie petitioner must be rca:2,:icA, sEd y4y :he
e6.:, o: :ha proceedings.
->D->- go
A.aIvAL or EXCHANGED SoJp;HRS.---F.r:
hundred exchanged Cpnfeitca.2 sgiiiers 81.