The evening telegraph. [volume] (Philadelphia [Pa.]) 1864-1918, 1864-10-14

silk, but experiments made In France have shown
that rccled End manufactured in the ordinary
way II Is rSarly, II not quite equal ia all respects
to the goods made from the silk Of the BoatJyz
p'eTi. This worm, with proper care, produces
two brO0ds In one season. The nilanshus is easily
prspegated, both from the seed and slip, aud the
l eggs being hatched in the warmth of house.
/ the worms need only 20 be carried 10 tho plants
/ which can be set In hedges or clusters, when
they viii teco and mout and spin the cOcoon3
wtbln about forty days, and without Farther
attention.
Conditions Of temperature, &c, being favor
ahe, the hrst worms will DC hatchei ooout the
1 lO'h Of June, and the second about the SON OF
August, and the last c1coons will b. spun about
The lst of October Of each year Daring the "in'
| ter COcoons dvsigned for reproduction mast DC
| hcpt Dry ard OF moderate temperature, and In
| the later days OF spring pl1ecd IN warm rooms,
when the moth will speedily emerge. As the
| ailanthus will grow OF soil uuht Tor culuvatOl,
and ~ The lntle care required by the worms can
DO ofordod BY old people, or children, there is
| every reason to suppose that the cultivation Of
tilauthus silk must soon be extensively in'rO-
| dm,1. At the present high price and scarcity OF
cotton, che inducements for its cultu -c are very
! great, as is product would supply tho place Of
| that staple IN manufactures Of wearing material,
ard could De produced az very small cost.
with the exception OF the carding or combng
machinery, IL could be entirely manufactured IN
cytton-mills. The fibre being stronger than that
OF cot on, II requires heavier cards, which could
he added 10 the cotton machinery with little
eNp,nse. Tins every inducemcut is OGe cd 20
tho American people 10 persist In The production
is named Experiments have already been made
IN Pennsylyania, and ia some of the New Bng-
9nd States, which prove she entire prIcti1ability
Of this branch of sericultnre. To DR.. Thomas
stewmdsop, of Philadelphia 'is due the honor Of
having introduced ami tested successfully this
new product.
THANsFoRNATtONs or THE sILKwORN.
The silkworm, during its brief insect life,
passes through q variety of transformations. The
Cggs OF the silkwOrm moth are extremely small
and very numerous. The worm is batched from
them in about eight days, and in about eight
days more, having grown rapidly, il prepares for
It's hrst moulting. IL remains quiet for three
dayF, and is said TO be sleeping. A gummy sub
stance exudes from it, by which the Old skin is
fastened to a leaf, and then, after violent
struggle, il crawls out of this outsrown casing.
Again feeding yoraciously, it increases in size,
and on the fifth day mOults again. Four of these
moults occur before Il reaches It's full size.
Arrvediat maturity, the caterpillar is of rich
golden hue, and about three inches in length. IL
leaves OF eating, and selects q corner in which
| TO spin its cocoon. Several irregular threads are
| first passed backward and forward, by which to
suspend the cocoon. A loose structure OF floss
| silk is formed, and within that closer one of
/ oval shape. Within this the worm remains work
ing, until Il is gradually lost to sight. Taking no
food, and emitting this large quantity OF silk, its
size diminishes one-half, and at the completion
| of its cocoon 1t again changes its skin. and be-
| comes chrysas or arelia, and apparently inani-
| mate. At the conclusion of three or four weeks
inrOuses from this corpse like state, and emergcs
| from the cOcoona perfect winged insect-the silk
| moth. The moth lives but few days, and takes
no food. The female dies as soon as she has de-
posted her cggs, and the male docs not long sur
viye her.
| REELNo.
The cocoOns from which the silk is 10 be reeled
| are subjected to high temperature either IN the
| sun or IN ovens for the purpose of destroying
| the moth, which, in emerging, Injuries the thread
| The cOcoons are then placed in warm water TO
dissolve the gum, ard a woman, with wSp of
twigs, loosens the fbres and seeks for the end of
the thread. Then, taking as many threads Us
she desires usually fine, she attaches them to q
reel, and winds eff the silk. This is not wound
| regularly upon the cocoon, but in patches over
| its surface and is often six hundred yards In
| length.
| regular even motion Of the reel must he main
tanned, not TO break the flaments, and the tenn
peTature of the water must not decrease, lest the
gum harden. In order TO make this thread Of
uniform size, fresh cOcoons must be added before
the old ones are quite recled off, as the ilameut
ID finer near the inner end. Three fresh threads
! added TO two half-wound are equal to four fresh
ones. keveral of these threads are then wound
.. . | from the reels upon the bobbins and slightly
"tbrown" or twisted. And the article, in thi;
a state is the ''raw silk Of commerce 1t Is will
- this form of the material that our manufacturer
|, usually commence their processes.
n SILK GOODS MADE IN AMERICA.
4 The following is a list of the articles manufac
10 tured of silk in America at the present time =
n Tram and organzinc, sewing silks and machin
70 twists, embroidery and purse silks, trimmings
}, cords and sells, fringes and gimps, ladies' hair
nets, neCktics, beltings upholstery goods gauzes
|, iOulards, sarsenets heavy dress and mantlla
I silks, Velyets and plushes, military sashes, car
riage trimmings, and mixed goods in great
| variety.
, The duty on thrown silk is thirty-iye per cent
/ with ten per cent added on all that comes from
beyond the Cape Of Good Hope. This includes
, most that comes TO this conntry--Itaian silks
, | being little impOrted-and China, Japan, and
/, | Bengal furnishing nearly all that Is manufac-
tured here. Raw silk, which has not been thrown,
is free.
The present tariff, with the high price of gold
and rates of exchange, affords protection to the
silk manufacture in this country; and even should
change come in these respects, the business
once established, as it is fast becoming, will bid
defiance to foreign competition. The annual con-
sumption of silk manufactured goods in this
country, for many years past has been very large,
and constantly on the increase. During the
twenty years previous to 1860 the imports of silk
amounted to 370,000,000. During the two pre-
Yious years they amounted TO $i0,O00,000, equal
10 one-thrd OF all the dry goods imported. The
revenue, during the twenty years previous to
1850, on silk goods, amounted to 500, 900, 900.
The wealth to be gained from so large a manu-
lacture would add Immensely TO the resources of
| our Iation.
In 1860 the annual production of manufactured
7 tilk in this country was estimated at $1,000 900
II must have greatly increased by this time.
' sEwINo-sILK.
q We have not space in this article to give any
details of the woven fabrics made in this country
\ ~ oAisit OuADNiFCs W a inscription Ol tnt
q manufacture OF sewing'silk and some kinds OF
II trimmings.
. The raw silk, while still in the "gum and II
u the hanks in which il is imported is first placed
u upon reels and doubled, that is, a number o
threads are wound together upon bobbin. Tht
70 botbins are placed together in frame above thu
&c reels, the several threads passed through
o. eyelet, and thus wound evenly upon the bobDins
a. to which slight rotary motion Is impaired whic
Id twists the silk. The operation is called thro
O. ing, or spinning. AZ this stage the silk is calle
Mt "tam,' aud is the filing used for woven goods
ie ltdfsianCd Tor weaving, or making trimmings
d, j. dyed at this stage.
ID Ii Is again rocled into hanks and ceansed fror
b. the gum, which Is q natural product Of the worn
~ and which adds to its weight and renders IL hars
le and stiT. Tie cleansing Is done by bolting it
s- water, with n considerable quantity of SOAP 10
about half an hour, and then washing
pc thoroughly in pure water.
A, IL is then again wound upon bObbins and one
e. more doubled and thrown. This Is done b
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