, 1864-01-14
Rep1ee Actiou-Simnltaueous Appreciation,


rh. ,c1s,ior x,h,,,, ,.to-
tbr Influence 1rhtah vo. eap,al' nno
e1ertg On ,he otho- - tar,s |sa !,. .. ~. ouo
political econoupv hsro IN sro+ea ~ .o,nr.as ~.
deayorcd to elpcid.t< A 3on, s,, 80 ~ a =
The subject was d,4cneaod In fbe ..Frrvf.ar
work attributed to one Of tbc fo,,owera of sorrstes
Plato also wrote yo,umfuIoua,y unon thu
same subject, Aristotle ia however or.
titled to the credit Of reducing, the
the crude notions md doemas advanced hv n,eyf.,
ous writer's to the dignity of a ectenca The an.
rients REGARDED industrial nursufta with dtsfavor
and rvrr ciee-o Il, ,,nch later tfnee 1oote3 ,,o-
1900 a1d 1nhor ~ aerr,a,nc IT, rem,,t. =, ar NJ
n. ~ ~. :. m. va;-,. ~ ,,.-.Esnta
~ 1ssss .s nat ~ s1..r 10 W -. 49,. as y.
q. ,1,;ha.., - n.a ~. a. s., - 80
ana An.o$tA'' ~ -. 's'' 1as' 'e.Aaae 30
tnst1 e@ Au ~. oie 41oes.a .sA...s- .., ~ las
se'9u. ea.e uou ''''o, oua @as 1u'oH
Mon1eaasncu, u, eet.a. ta'ru,o' aoo., 4s..
nun, ennu' 1at1anon. e1,oe1 4.gI.a' e.':.s s'
Aoc6e' V"esnas, 1~sot. oawe' 0aaa ~ sus
Matthew'S, tnalmefs4 Allit Sale5' 11u nost
Of DINERS o. greater o1 less no1osaets. anseo
slon feacneo oy -alntne" cafes 'nat W eSptsoo'
in H1ep 7Tords Ihefe fs eomplete laeuu15 u
interest between agnenstu3e' maua'as'ufes anu
commerce. This doctrine, ana tnat otner result
to which he arrives alteE Ione course o1 sea3on
In, th at accumulated capital has constant ten
dcncy to fail In value when compared with labor,"
has CONC to be considered correct, By all thinkers
upon the relation Of capital to labor. 1t therefore
follows that labor Is steadily growing in power to
command capital, and that the power Of capital
over labor is constantly diminishing that labor
and capttaI combined are producing larger return
for the game outlay Of which larger Ghare should
60 to tho laborer, while the share belonging to
capital IA dfmInished in proportion, but increased
in amount because tbs yield Of capital Is 60 much
increased. The distinction between labor and
capital and their relative Faluce' may be taEen
from the definitions Of the two terms. Capital Is
the ability to command the Etatuitous services Of
nature 1t ie not money alone, OF lands, or build
tnee that mike capltal-it may be skill, Judgment
CT tact. It may be inherited wealth. costing moth
Ing originally, and having vitality and value only
as subjected to the influences OF labor. Labor is
productive, and production consists In directing
the forces Of nature to the services Of men- Ger
tain lava peyal in nature, which fkifnlly direct
ed BY labor, bring Increase Of eapital An army OF
mechanics, BY following certain fixed and IN
chsugeab]e rules and principles, erect building.
and this becomes capital because 1t yields returns
Labor may 20 direct the operations OF nature that
the earth will bring forth abundanu supplies, and
It TOO becomes added Ealne or capital. 1t tolo"s'
therefore, taat capital as depenoant upon aoof tor
Its value and that labor as IN eome'sense depend
ent upon capital Tor It's Falue The relation IL mu
tuaL and both ehonld hafmonize. The act Of
production. or 1aoof, implies consumption,
Labor must cat, animals nust consume
| and capital Is the soutce whence these art-
cles for consumption must come. In other words.
capital ia the surplussagc Of labor, or the amount
OF product remaining alter the necessary expenses
| OF labor hare been paid. These accumulatious
become powerful agents In the profitable direction
Of fntnre labor. The mutual dependence Is even
more extensive; labor is comparatively ya1ucless
without capital its results very small; tools
az 20 81 as.-1 ~ .7uo,s I.t1.
labor anu tsoe ff'sd capital ID salueless without
! wou,d mol be 20 aIssatrons and imme 5,ate
land would mt be o1ncd n II brnnrbt no return
hnnscs Eor11 ,ot he hni,ded ~ th.r can,a ~. ~
rented, and consequently they would have no ap-
p1cciahle ya1ue; they would represent no sum OF
money, and the capitalist and the 1aborer would
1aborers constitute the great majority Of our
plana those Who dIc and delTe With ther % snds@ Io
,he ps ent the @ % tbs % a,tsrs ,ha
fact al Who psouce I o1 Who,actsts u W paoduet1on
by aiding in the transfer Of products whether OF
litcrature bu1Idiur 1aaterisls or ANYTHING which
tends to the accumulation Of capital. There are
probably not nve hundred men In this CREST city
who a1e capitalists pure and simple, The crest
middle men the EMPLOYERS. nre both c,nftal,sts
.s1.s..s. ~ ~ ~ 49,. .s,.4.s -
aao Mpo1ess+ ano tne '%o 9esauons are moi neees-
; sarily antagonisticM. Whatever adds to capital
In their caee benefits them as Iabore1e and should
~ sas ~ - Va N4oss " ,ne1,'
: "eaa'e no1 tne oa1a NJ naaa from "n'ea 10 ar
hive ut the exact npmber OF laboreIs In Chicago.
There are nrohahly mt Ieas tbsn thirty +honsand
hr,a. ~ fsrn3l,aa ~ +ha c,t- ~ whoa H.. -. 49,
| 1sa.e .AL,.I y. .a - ~ ~, =. "AoI' " 1ae loe
gaea.e1 nuoes AIe 'aoo1e16 IN eae en!aageo sense
Of the term We have given ahoTe and to these
should be added at least onefhfrd for the labortng
members Of their families arrived at years Of ma
turity and not yet with famtliRs Of their
own that 1nay safely assume that the labor
ing element Of Chicago is In point Of numbers "a
compared with capitalists, forty thousand 10 dye
I hrnd1ed-in the proportion Of eighty to one, It
~ ~ T ,Le o. ~ IN at etao5 @ ~ h " uun,