, 1864-02-09

aue eiouy " tae nA.ata. knsoo"' Ee 'ot"eo
eaona nenoanlp WIN hamoo't aoo cnvaef' ano
WIN .nt ~ pa1aueu ~ .nsss.leas.oos ~ no nho
s1aN - soe ~ .ol LIZ slss' wo11 On .cIoy
~ n - ~. go nc" ,
m thir enh,cr+
F-orn 1ess n 1sas Ar.s.f, a,snt h,a sn,,n.,
cation. amonc fhe AIns s,ni1ino tha e,.a,a-s 10
~ ' 1.pn, So -. ~ .ue s1asieas ana
aaelt Pneoomeah- IN 1881 ne nrst announced his
glacial theoy-she subject OF the present lecture
.,a.r T." asMsea snn pelose .ne hc1yetle 20
~.- s We W e''".o' "o1As oa hae
same subject, which ne have not room to men-
United statea nty1nr In BOSTON finn, Psr,s !, ths
.rt,,,n,, NJ ~ a., 7t,,th - Ao
. au1uu wv ~ VI ~. VIII n1s posiuoa ano anots
1efe the pnohc Is 1amiliaf In the spring OF 1858,
he entered upon his duties at Cambridge, with
whose rnivcrr,tv be hn. ever since nan ;do,t;s
"As0S s.1' 40 NN' es01 eAn.o oeoa 1ueu1l-
ned' and tor whose museum he Ia At present trav-
Arassfx IA a man of medium belrht rather atort
- Eta 80 f,,. ,., esoss'
o1 1uo ano p'easlne appea.anee %. Win me ef1-
dcnce Of tremendous energy stamped on the 1inea-
mente Of his face Yet there Ia little In his uhvsi-
--...h.. ~r,v,a ,,a...t. =, ~. ,~a,r.,~ .h1s-
w Ia 49, ~. -. ~ sss1 ' vpou
paesably well informed gentleman. He is pleasant
in epeech and has much less OF the foreign nrp-
nunr,at,on tban would he ernectod If ons rho
A>.~N ANAA .H..,f 1 w ~Nf o WIZ
spent 20 many OF nas eafnes years IN Ms nome on
the Continent.
The professor Was introduced to tho audience by
~ L. Dogsett' Fscs1oen. o1 INC Assocaaoon, ana
Wns warmly received. The following Is an ab-
straet Of his leeture it cannot be called fair re-
.,, @sfA9s"~@A'N
"ou'o m 20 II 9asuce:
moi Ss @ fhefs vas one
shasnss ,heyhsd indneed IL DE- surface ofthe globe
chr now; they bad transported rocka and nd g1ound , nd
down borldefs exercising q beneficial influence
the face Of the globe and preparing It for the
Glaciers may be found everywhere when the
mountain riees above the limit OF perpetual congo
latlon. Thie Of course, varies, under tue equator
about 6oo in the arctic regions It is on the ieycl
Of the sea. There are particular circumstances
which attend the formation and existence Of gla-
TIT s,e H. found II regions where
etsntly moving, and have come down into valleys
where the temperature is higher than the limit of
reeiona and be surrounded by Vesetatloa Bat II
order 10 this there must be iayoring circamstances
which keep the winter accretion IN excess OF the
e11cnda. "N'' >1' WIZ ~ '''' eA'' - ''' 'A4o
The lecturer then entered on = DESCRIPTION of the
glaciers rs seen In theE ,.a1rc places ts Valley Of
Of water, hui 81 he transformation Of W snow into
ice BY alternate thawiugs aud tseczings. The win
Ter enow is thus the source Of the glacier As The
es nt We sod o
granular fcc Tha Ice OF glacier has thus totaljT
different character from common Ice. which for1na
in layers beng, as it were, st4tited: but In the
glaciers ihe snow becomes frozen into drops Of
walter, which are again frozen together by intefyat-
ing melted SNOW. The lecturer drew diagram
e1pheatise OF TIC process by winch the movements
overtops the limits Of perpetual congc!a-
tion. there arc regular gfadations; IN the
s peSas II
the summer, melting ID the dag and freezing at
Fight. A. + 4 trse5sa + e5pand. md thu moves.
s as Tns1 saad a a
eouthward Tor luis reason that less snow fsl!s md
n cns no
yal|eys. The equilibrium il at lass estabished ~
thc frmmer teruptraturr and warm winda viii T.it
away the cl1eIer as tast as pushed down {rom ahnve
Hence differences exist GlscIera tcrminate n thc
valley Of Chamouni at an elevation Of al o feet.
wlils On ttc southern slopes. tows1ds Italy. theT
feet above Tic lcrel OF the sea Hence. also, Els
clers a1e firm and compact below, while nbore
1hcy NC mere masses Of snow. IN passing over
est 9noi'y Is where icy s are least eenp.s,1y con-
frozen: hence, above they are emooih
~ a prairie, while lower down they are
from the mountain above. II a small stone falls
On glacier 1t will soon ret wa1m md met away
the ice, sinking into the glacier but II the boulder
mclliSc away leaves 1t on pedestal OF per6aps
Iwelve OF more feet high When flssurcs arc form
ed as before described, the melting Ice forms per-
ttc elaeier descende) and the eaud does not melt
brt iosns pyramid which remains for time till
apneaie,
1hc geological phenomena connected with the
glacier would fo,m The subject Of discourse.
Ing length oi Seventeen miles and terminating In
a d1opt tace OF two hundred feet, with a varying
elopc Of four to seven degrees, the upper portion
q pszt Il only Is feet Pr Jcae: he explained
the phenomenon o. this motion, and showed
thetciI19m 1faI me otnG thsos1es were
leset on INC n masgla anu soost IN f1c middle BE-
cauee there Is me g5ea1er mass capable OF expan-
eloD: Flagnenss % Of II TEE sS aSeamoiato On the sar;
eaiied % W iy The: @suntaineefs n Inc % mo1snes % wss:s @
the glacier is compact they remain on the surface.
When two glaciers meet in descending the valley
which Is seen wherever tributaries cone In The
n,ornines TT the lower end fa1! over by the mel:-
ins aud arc cepotlted IN advance OF the 2la'
wnr1n and. lha MEETINGS are not equal,
herce sometimes the 1noraiEcs at tho bottom stand
away from the end Of the glacier, and thus mark
he e beund @ os e.
most extreme motion. Several centuries ago
there was great extension. The erestest in q:
% M s1ss ns ss %
1hickncse, MOVING oveI the rocks: they produce
great Mechanical! effect. Tho boElde:s in the
central wails rometimcs fall down into c.erasses;
in f:cs. hc had dug down to ths bottom
OF glaciers Grd invariably found them to be studded
with rocks Q: boEltcrs which wcrp scratched,
Per e hr E goe9
were g11ccI 10 sowdcr, harder cnes were broken