New-York daily tribune. [volume] (New-York [N.Y.]) 1842-1866, 1864-03-11
SCIENCE AND AIT.
-oryteebnic Association American Hn-
siitute.

evening, March ), lcol, SAMUEL H. llL@hAS preslIiNE
After some desutory Conversation on the value OF 81
invention which IL % be subjected TO further test ina
Chairman presented the following summary OF seienl'
Y,s Fr,,o.i,. Co,rpoun9-If elycorine liquid OBJ
tanned from fats IS treated with nitric and snpLulc
scd as cotton s treated 20 produce sH' hs
compound has not been eppl Jed 5lf ny Js9i u
u is powerful poison. drop taken ill0 the hlila
stomach being sufficient 20 produce de:.th
Tic CRAIE1iAN remarked ,tAt Is GiyceIlne may yer
b. applied ia many branches q t'e .hrt', II "Vu NC
proper 20 examine its chemical Char ~ Is
sweebsh liquid composed OF eNoes .. c'IDoH
ofbydrogen and OF oxygen. AS er9le sugar CONSISTS
Of 10 Of carbon ~ OF bydroge enc IL OF oxygen IL
viii be that glyccrino hasbsN Tue number q EQUIV
slents Of each element plus two OF hydrogen. 1t Is
base which combined with three equivalents Of acid,
forms the neutral fats oein searin marGarn, palnetn,
DC These when united with soda or potash, saponiy
ths acid unites with tho aS forming SOAP Wlie the
weaker base, eyccrinc, Is set free. In many OF our
Lon soapmaking establishments tie glyeerine is not
saysd or applied to ans useful purpose.
M GAvTlT stated that 1t was now manufactured
largely ia Philadelphia. II Las been found very uSeiu
when mixed with glue Tor printers rollers He had also
used It, instead OF soap and water IN me opeiau'n o.
engraving engines. lis price Ia about 81 ~ per pound
Mr.. GARvEY said that ink.rolers sometimes are
spoiled by heated and moist atmosphere ana inquired
shetAer tho glyoerine mixture was thns Elected.
Mr.. GAyIrr had not observed the evil alluded to-
lieto Zcaland PGrsr.-Paper is now mannfaeiDTed IN
Sew.Ze0land from fax grown heTe-the PhoT"ip~
tsHGr, perennial plant II Is predicted ihat gapeL
soon Australia will be supplied from THIS source.
Submarine Cdbis--A submarine GALE has just been
manufactured al WoOwch for the French 'ernlnenl
IL is 10 connect Car'hagena Ia Spain with Oran IN Al
reria distance OF - nautical miles. The conducting
eiraBd consists OF three copper wires, each OSo o On
inch il diameter; the weight per nautical nile y u
pounds Over this three aternste cOntngs OF Chat
tertOn's Compound and Gutta'Pcgcha. increasing Inc
diameter TO % Of inch, and the weight to Is.
pounds per nautical mile. The Chat,erton Compound
consists OF guta percha, Stockholm and resin, snd
acts as cement The wire thus insulated Is covered
with two strata Of twisted hemp strings, dipped In
solution Of suphae Of copper. The hemp coated cable
y finally covered by flexible spiral metallic shea,hng
Of phOsporeted copper; that Is the best copper nxed
with i.f00th by weigh. Of phosphorus addeI While the
metal Is IN fusion 1t is said that the addition OF phos
phOrus increases the tensile strength Of copper and re-
tards the action of air and seawater. The weight OF
she ,he is 7! cwt per knot. It's breaking weight l. 20
oVt It's diameter Is nearly half an inch Its whole
!cr is l37 knots.
4 e Eagrasiag--Au improvement for protecting
ct -ed plates has been introduced in France BY NJ
Oh ion. which consists in covering the plate with
vcu .hn layer Of iron The deposit Is so fine that the
Ines in the engraving are found exactly copied.
although II does not penetrate the metal elsewhere 70
any Improbable exent it Is rendered egnal by the gal
SanO-plastic process. This has been called steehnB
she plate but the term misesds has not been pos
sible 10 deposit steel Impressions can be multiplied
Indefinitely, because when tie iron stratum IL found 70
vs. worn the plate is plunged into an acid BATH which
removes the iron without affecting the copper and
new lsyer Of iron Is applied toit
Mr.. GAyITT stated that the OF covering on the
original plate had not bees found profitable. 1t WAS
tried very thoroughly by The London Art journal and
abandoned From steel Plate 80 900 Impressions can
De taken from copper plate only 1900; the very deli
cate outlines representing for instance, the sly could
not be preserved long copper
The CHAIRMAN inquired whether TIE copying process
by the eectrOtype not still praoticed by the Coast
Survey Department at Washington
Mr.. 6AvTTr replied that it was, but Ia tat case
correctness of more Importance than economy.
The original plate Of surveys used for printing
and they could always refer 10 il as correct.
Easraring BY Eicai9g.-lr. BARTLETT directed ct
can't N no of faf nF paris hfah
remedies the evil formerly attending all etching by
means OF acids The principal difficulty In tho old
etching process has been that tho acid dissolved its
way downward into the ak which covered the steel
plate Il would also work sideways under the wax thus
widening the channels wen ss deepening them. To
sfter drawing has been mad, rpon It with grcasy
ink into a saturated solution Of suphste Of copper
containing 10 per cent Of nitric acid BY tAe action
the steel the copper is reduced from the suphate and
all portions Of the steo plate. not protected in
stanty covered with coating Of metallic copper which
The acid soaks away tho ink and forms ehanDeI.
the steel beneath but it followed by the copper son-
NOn which deposits In these channels coating OF cop
per- thus protecting the plate from further action OF
the acid This deposit is made first on the edges OF the
lines thus the sides Of the channel are hrst projected
as the acid works longest In the middle Of tie line the
channel is naTrowest at the bottom, thas Is II has
the V form desired BY the engrayor Thus all lnes
whether fine or coarse made 10 one operation.
Old engrsyiDgs may De reproduced by this process by
transferring the picture TO the steel plate or the design
may be rct drawn upon paper and then Transferred.
Correlation o. MECHANICAL ara CHtIicdt fOTcS- Inc
Iakerian lecture before the British RoyA Society on
this subject by HENRY c. SoaBY contains an account OF
some interesting experiments made by him, relating 70
the effect Of pressure the souDiity OF salts Bum
zen and Hopkins had before proved that substances,
which expand when fused have their Point OF fusion
fc,sed BY mcdaniel pressure Prof. w. Thompson
Rad shown on the other hand. that water, which
pands la freezing. has its point OF fusion esTsd by pres
sure; for in this instance mechanical force must be
overcome III crystal2a0ns, and uDder increased pres
SURE the force OF crystalline polarity mus DO increased
by reducing the temperature. Similar principles hold
true with respect to tho sou1ly OF salt in water. H.
wien trey dissolve be total buls increases, pressure
reduces their soubty. On the contrary, II the bulk
dccreaSes pressure makes them more soluble. The
soiubity OF salt Ia water appears 70 result from
KIND affinity which decreases in force as the amount OF
salt in solution noreeses MS affinity is opposed to the
crystalline polarity OF tAe salt aud WHOM tho two forces
are equal the solution IS exactly saturated. Tempers
ture Oers th8 equilibrium and the direction OF the al
.eretions depends on the mechanical relations OF the
salt IN dissoYing M. SoRDY makes the provisional
conclusion that Increased sOlUbty due 20 pressure
ries directly with the change Of Volume, and inyer5cy
with The mechanical equivalent Of the force Of crystal
Line polarity. This correlation Of forces seemed 20 hun
% explain certain facts connected with metmoTplic
rocks and the phenomena OF saty cleavage Il IS also
,ssble that several hundred atmOspbeIes Of pressure
may facilitate OF the chemical chang involved 10
thetra1sformatiOn of vat0r aud carboo acid the
organic compounds met with In animals and plants Of
low organization. found ut great depths In tho ocean,
and tus certain extent. compensate toT diminished
B,s,snrr Sel-It IA said that two chips IN foreign
waters besides In England, are being built OF steel
made by the Bessemer process,
Hscil of Nee. Ycrk-The Chairman read statement,
presented b. Mr. j. BULL giving tie ratio vi death in
This city derived from the OF ls6O end TIT City
inspectors Report for 1901 It appeared That tie nun
Der Of deaths during the year for every hundred OF the
population was 80 10 the Fifteenth Ward and "a IN the
Nineteenth Ward the general average for al tho wards
bong "a per hundred In relative mortality the wards
stand In the following orders l5th ed, 18th, 18th. 9tn,
10th sth llth Goth 10TH 9TH. l1th, ID, ID lth A2b,
LIST clst 4th, 5th, 9th, 18th.
Inquiry wts made Why in the Nineteenth Ward the
deaths are double those Of any other
Alderman Ely replied that very many ofthe hospitals
I'm city wore ooatel IN that ward as Meu nns