Vermont watchman and State journal. [volume] (Montpelier, Vt.) 1836-1883, 1864-02-19

Of adfot ministers Of both countries while the United
state. come In as the goose 70 be plucked. and the
auded principles u reciprocity. like garments worn at
cour will be, as they have been laid A'ide upon the
sumption NJ the ordinary business of lie.
rHs PRtNoiPLB OP rHB GBRaAN zoLLvEREts RBIRorEp.
The COMMITTEE m Commerce 10y Mr.. WARD made a
very elaborate report % this House the reciprocity
grave faults already developed in treaty should he
romedled by greater extension Of the SYSTEM even
% the extent Of toe German 1oyerein. Doubtless they
had read
5S S 11.s, s9sSs a,,Ss,' ., ,s. P.Gsi,.s ca a, sga
This Is good iey, bot submit 1t u not sound advice
fjr though the Canadians reprinted and adopted the
Argument rejecting only The conclusion The principle
of The Z,llveren, toli-aAnce among several States
a. 70 Imports exports and transit, happy thought
Tor The numerous but small German soveteignues with
similar peoples and natural geographical boundAries
but It Is not applicable great natl with large ter.
ttory, independent and determined remain There
could be no rule Of division for obtained bat
that OF population aud Il is too obvious that the people
Of the provinces d. not and cannot consume per capita,
anything like the amount Of merchandise charged with
duties consumed by citizens Of the United States They
simply have not the ability 10 do t.
II is. however Idle 10 discuss this matter The propo-
suon OF he Commee on Commerce has been before the
Canadian Government, and while they want chance 20
sell ships and further share Of ooasng trade their
conclusion was that the I1yeren l. wholly inadpissable
Mr. Gait 1.-The Minister Of Finance 10 whom was refer
red the report Of the Committee on Commerce Of the
House Of Representative the reciprocity treaty in
efa IN Council March. 1862, Up the follows
Ra gndersned ean have no hesitation 10 stating 70 your
Nhich British provinces should become partr
% S9G M NC a,,gai wh tas Of her eonnes
The interest Of The people of these ptosiuoes'
unwise as 70 press for reconsideration Of an offer
cannot seriously afford 20 make.
SUPPOSED ADVANTAGES or rHB TRBArY cOSsIDERED.
FGsH
In The dis 3osa OF this question proper to consider
AT hs advantages directly remotely derived from the
pfiocity treaty. The chief Of these II any can be
found, supposed relate To the fisheries. Pror
this treaty confined N the supulauOus OF the
treaty Of ISIS having weakly surrendered our rights
fNaf a.
uton yhe coasts and shores within certain ooundaiies'
while we renounced all claims 20 anything beyond By
he RECIPROCITY treaty We obtained some privileges ia
common with BRUSH Jects upon he coasts and shores
generally Of british American possessions and gave up
The common of British colonial subjects similar priv
eges own coasts, shores, and islands north uf
SO north latitude. mutually excepting shell fish aud the
salmon aud shad fisheries. The fav r. 50 exchanged
reciprocal and equal unless the fishing grounds near
the United States the east productive and however
that may be, the fisheries fine United States whoe
have not acquired thereby additional prosperity. The
exception Of the shad and salmon fisheries gives To the
provinces an enute monopoly Of that trade aud yet our
markets made fee, for the sh pfeclud
ed from catching Here free imports, and decided
y dshy reciprocity 10 the late mackerel fisheries
treaty may have been " service, and cspec lily
that Of Gloucester, which has increased but Ia many
places since the treaty the business has diminished and
slowly disappearing. Late in the season 6shing
The shore for fat mackefe is indispensable success
ut the main catch is outside Of these limits and Goldfish
Is nov mostly dry saed shipboard and then brought
be cured. Provincial shores therefore less
needed than formerly The provinces allowed by the
kinds, fish OIL aud products Of fish, and all other crea-
living the " and It is this permission which
uppaats fishermen, and robs them OF their ooouPa-
uon.
The fish part Of the treaty had been steadily refused by
when rendered alone conoined to other propositions
up 1854 The proposals made by Canada, from lb4I
1851, for free interchange Of ali natural product
ons,' were not accepted by the Uuted States The
BRUSH minister in 1851 offered " II the United States
would admit all fish, either cured or fresh imported from
British North American possessions in vessels Of any
description free Of duty. and upon in all
pects Of equality with hsh imported by the United
ates that they prepared 20 throw open Their fish
rries, with certain limitations. to US, with threat Of
neasur to be adopted II no arrangement on the subject
,houid De made; aud this overture was also declined
NJ. Seward in the Senate, agreed with the President
that thing be done should be BY reciprocal
legislation. THAT by the way, only true
nov The provinces disappointed, and, with the
tacy Of those already seeming their prey, obeyed aud
joined England IN that stroke Of poli setting up new
Interpretation Of the treaty excluding ue from bays, and
running tue line Of three miles from Shore not according
to the shore line but from headlaud head and-tO
el US in 1857 to accept OF reciprocity which resulted in
the advent o feet naval vessels TO seize such of
hshing vessels might beyond the new nterprets
lion suddenly and without notice TO enforced They
assumed to hold bargain, they styled IL,
unless we consented 20 give them sul better one War
vas played game.
Nj WEBSTER thea Secretary Of State in speech
made at Marshheld, said
The Aldermen shall be protected in all their rights q prop
head phrase they shall be protected hook and line, bob and
Who could have supposed that in two years (under
new Secretary Of State) the reciprocity treaty would
have beer accomplished fact, that history would
require the Marbehead phrase to be preiaccd by the
word goHef
1t would be just to revive the rights so fully conceded
to US by the treaty OF 7S3 which were secured through
common treasure and won by the repeated prov
Of our own people, in the days Of our ooonyhood,
than by that Of Great Britain, who often surrendered our
conquets here losses eeohere and these
nshts permitted our fishermen 10 go wherever they had
been accustomed 10 Anything less now would be un-
American AMI fall short Of our due. In time We may
reach higher plane when freedom Of the will
prehend freedom of fisheries No nation can have an
inherent right map of the and claim exclusive
enjoyment of any iuexhaustible fishery
10 60 back again to the treaty Of 1878 as the worst
possbi ity that might happen, would subject American
fishermen TO the Inconvenience Of keeping three marns
miles from shores TO which that treaty gives us no pris
tges leading to occasional disputes, and might prove an
injury the late mackere fisheries but these evils arc
wholly insumountable aud by no means OF the
weight Of The general considerations eHated OF us as
equivalents. These would be the proper subjects for
treaties and would be adjusted in some subsequent
convention Il s no longer doubtful That our fishermen
lose from the fee admission OF fish from the prov
nees than they gaia from the privilege OF fishing inside
n the line Of three miles from certain shores When
the catch short they make nothing aud when Abund
ant the gUt from provincial competition steps in between
them and all Legitimate profits Besides the nearshore
fishermen lose their hardness and become dlers Thus
our people renowned for their aptitude and success IN
securing the wealth OF the seas, behold theu empire
passing TO the hands Of strangers
LUMBER.
The lumber trade from the British provinces has given
some commercial life 10 towns aud ciles where 1t might
without the treaty been found but this s
at the expense u American interests The pines Of
Maine OF New York and OF Michigan must wait for the
until the black forests Of the provinces have been ou
led and exhausted The timber lands 0fouT states,
exposed TO this unlimited Canadian rivalry, are ndehn-
ely postponed, and will be cleared and fitted for cul
uvaion while timber less cost be obtained any
where this side Of Labrador
II the sources of our supply again % be mainly
confined TO the United States, the prosperity obtained BY
even the local dstrbuuye points would not be lost,
though In degree changed TO other localities An
equal trade would spring up somewhere, differing chiefly
in the o supply, and that difference would be
positive gain the United States 1t is also true that
provincial lumber, II subject To moderate duty, would
be wholly excluded but would still Oat 10 c0nsid
cradle extent 20 nied States markets. Provincial lumber
might be sold home for trife less, much less
the duty, and would be offered here without any mate
rial advances
Looking at oswego the port where perhaps the largest
uut " the lumber trade centers and the fact Is eyi
dent that il is mai " in the hands Of Canadians In
1862 there 3 sol ,23g in value Of merchand re-
g, wed under the treaty o duty, but Of tins
thsn Hve-.xths, or S29737S3, taken there in for
eign vessels Il was in 1858 OF S2,627723
then received, ~ 253 a came IN foreign vessels Our
port trade At this port aud many others appears % be fall
ling of. The exports CanadA Of domestic produce IA
1876 - III 750 aud IN 1861 they only 5000,
SJ5. The exports Of foreign merchandise IN 1896 we're
@SG 357 and in 1861 they only $40 2bS The do
mesuc exports from Chicago in 1855 81 545,223 and
in 1851 they were $3523i3. The ports OF Detroit, Os-
wegaohie Genesee Champlan and other places present
similar unfavofabe comparisons. Surely the CONNER
eia interests have reason to look upon such trade
with special favor.
USE or CANADIAN CANALS.
By article four Of the treaty have the privilege OF
using the Weand and all the 81 Lawrence canals upon
ttaytuent Of tolls be cXacted