New-York daily tribune. [volume] (New-York [N.Y.]) 1842-1866, 1864-08-25
THE GREAT WEST.
IN rciyaats' AID Settlers Cll6o . .aO nCw
S,ates and Territories
Afsse q CstiforHin.
fNpnbsr Niss.l

The State Of ca orna Was eeded 70 the
Vui.ed States &, the peace Of Guadalupe III
Aslge, February tie p, 1913. About this t'ae
aah WIS discovered aud a .s:ge emigration -
IN State Cops'isuiloa was framed tue l"tn Oo'''
psfs, and she ives finally admitted into the uh"h -
sstale on the eth September, eighteen huher.a "''
sfy. 1t Is situated between la!.nats - - "h'
~ north and louei'udes17'o aid $50 west iioh'
Eshin.ton,o or ~ 20 and l24'-5 ho1A "'eeLWIeh'
NJ bssnSod On the North BY Orescn; o. Tho tSs'
hy Nevada and Arizona or tn { utA ~ hAe @faWh
tc, the uucture Of the Colorado aaa CHA rivers ="
IN. Pacific. ,Eree miles South Of Tho Bay Of Saii
Diego, and en- tbs West by the Pacific Ocean.
EXTENT.
Measured disgonally North Yves. sud South East.
NJ lsagth Is abou, $50 miles; its iTcae't 'sngth
Nefth and South is Shout SO miles. ltS neal
hsesdtA msy b. stated at go miles
PHYSICAL ASrSCr, re.
TIE characteristic features of California are dc
<enDioed by the two great rsnges--,he Sierra Nc'a'
d and the Coast Ran..e--whica traverse Sor'h'
wet and Southeast. Between these Is the splen'
ga valley of ths Sacramento and SIn joaquin
These mountain ranges give marked characters
4iss Of climate 70 tho counties lying between
sAeu.
CLIMATE AEB Sob
California has dry and wet season correspond
tne nearly with the summer aud winter seasons Of
che Atleatc. Eat might reasonably he expect
81 there are considerable variations. hotn IN nc
ten,erstnre and in the amount Of moiSiuTe; WLlS'
<Ss preyailing Character Of the California eli
mate is drou;h in summon it has msssed snbtiyis-
Loss Of climate end to these andoth causes alton
bod NOr-h ~ Ia
The ary season is much less psrched, and rams o.
cor earlier than in the Southern districts. Along
tie coast the climate is much more temperate thsa
tn the srcat valley while East of the Sierra the at
xespbers Is ercessivc, hot and dry.
TAo soil elong the vslley is extremely rich and
needs only judicious irrigation to nskc il produce
alncs. every variety Of crop. Tobacco, rice, ra'ze
and slmost all the plants, EXCEPT cotton, which
s,ov in the warner parts of the Unien aonriss %
tSe shetsred lateral Valleys while in tie main val
tv itself moot of the oercels produce large crops
gua grapes, peaches &c. ihrive admirably. The
grasses ere iuxurioss and nutritious, Hnordins ex-
senent pastursse. North Of So are extensive for
ssts If pine asd oak. Tic valleys along the coast
produce all the cereals sud al. or ueary all, of the
fra,ts sod veget allies of the temperate zone.
AasICCLTORAL PRODUCTS, &C.
For two reasons the agriculture Of California Is
well worthy careful study; first, oil seoeaEt NJ
ne peculiar climate of this State and, second, MI
account of the relation which the agriculture bears
70 the Development o. thu mineral wealth OF the
Ps.ihe and Rocky Mountain regions.
Is,o principal crops raised in California are wheat.
harley, oats. bay and the root crops, such cs po-
ss:oes sweet potatoes, End onions. Wheat Is the
chief cereal crop. The Winter and Spring varieties
Of this graia sre unknown in California, bu, are
seemingly blended together, the time of sowing be-
ing internediste-ia the months Of December and
January, AFTER the November rains have moistened
the earth. The best counties for its production are
those in the immediate vicinity of the San Frsncs-
% Bay, entrscing Alameda, Contra Costa, Nape
Ban Joaquin, Sanis Clara. solsno and Yolo.
Barley, relatively, s much larger crop In Cali
fornis than in the Atlantic States sandy soil aud
Dry climate icing both favorable TO ite pro-
Auetion. This grain is sown during the entire
winter. commencing with tie rains in November,
snd nav he continued until the close Of March,
Owisg TO the dryness Of the climate the grain dnes
rapidly after maturity, and in harvesting II skaters
cut some. This sprouts, and taxing root III the
rainy season, yields crop which is known RS the
svolunteer crop" and which is well worth harvest
ing.
The common oats DO not succeed well On account
Of the drness Of the climate, but The wild vaneiy,
although an annual is perpctuated from year 70
year by self-seeiing IL mixes itself the FIRST year
with the volunteer Drop" of barley, and in tho
second year sYpropriates most of the soil 70 Itself
This crop, except in few coGGties in the northern
part OF the Stat, which produce timothy, is mown
cor hay and constitutes the bay crop Of California
Corn yields bat very limited crop. In the VAL
ley of the Sacramento and San Joaquin the nights
Are too cool for its successful cultivation. 1t is
only IN the coast counties, in the extreme South
4rn portion of the State that il be raised with
profit The dryness of the climate Of California is
0nfayorsble to the cultivation Of grasses. Hay, ss
has been stated, is taxed from wild oats. Timothy
Gows 10 the extreme north alone, which section
thc dry tradc-wind belt coyers for short time only
The reputation Of California for the growth Of
roat<rops 70 the highest perfection is known every
whege Its pure air, freedom from intense heat
and excessive wet, make it favorable for all these
crops.
Earn labor-saving implements and machines ara
very extensively used il harvesting all cereal crops
Of California, tho scarcity and consequent high
price Of manual labor presenting an almost nsur-
mountable barrier to its extensive use in field ope-
1stions. r..
YIELD or DIFFERENT CROPS.
The yield II the several crops just enumerated
Sere, for tie lear 1861, as follows:
Ag9reeats yield. ar. YIELD PEI are