New-York daily tribune. [volume] (New-York [N.Y.]) 1842-1866, 1864-10-29
NEW PUBLICATIONS.

fsrotss,oI-I EWH presents the PHI losOnAy OF Ott-
n.a history 10 striking ard instructive Eight n
his admirable essay. TIE fruits Of profound
tb,ught ard rare scholarship are applied 70 the
.ueidaton Of political history, and the sources Of
,he Ame-iean Rebellion axe traced 20 tho same
,rlncjples that led 10 the downfall Of Greece III
ala mastery parallel between The modern doctrine o.
y.sto Rights aud the ancient theory of GTeoiai
autonomy, he shows The operation Of similar ceases
IN different ages, ana derives an impressive lesson
inr our own republic from tho feso OF inc classic
,onfederacies. IL was the same evil influence
sAich prevented Greece from becoming ah'5h't
.aa boueiicent power in the earth, ana coO'''''u
IL into political hell, that has troubled our ""n
country from tho commencement OF onF h"u""1'
existence. and which unless removed "lu BRING
gpSn us the same political doom.
For period OF hundred and fifty Yeas, Greece
Wa subject to the most fearful miseTles aTisiHs
nom her internal Discussions. The whole iand was
devastated by perpetual var. The discussions Oh
petty states In cloee contguity TO each other cui-
minated il bloody a. junreenting conflicts. "Suei
state Of things says Professor LEWIS, -
ever existed between contiguous peoples separated
81 eYssfciai boundaries, having The same "f6'n'
speaking tho Same language but whose petty se''
,isnal pride-all the st.onSer often, in proportion
70 is pettiness-p prevented them from having one
somuon political imperium. Witness the never
eaasng strife between Israel Gad Judah-bet"eeh
spusiayd and Spaniard, in hcIico and Sopu
Au,ericG,-between Anglo Saxon and Anglo SaHon
B, the long wars OF England and Scotland. The
t,ler is, perhaps The most s,riAing example OF his
-ploee 20 arouf
frnish one stil more full of melancholy warming
- the nations. Britain row tauDts rs With isnt-
ha- ernely for such shadows unity and national
~. She forgets her own history. Her centuries ol
hsaler war though having far less ground IN any
historic growth, with Baugi- 20 allegc OF broken
sumpacts were all struggles 20 the same end. Tue,
she is but patch Sork after ALL as compared 70 our
poa,er historical symmetry; size has grown up de-
Armed indeed, bat who shall venture To say tha'
kr one great nationality, with all us ugness, Is not
syer for herself and for tho world, than any poor
pssty sovereignties of Saxon Scotch ana IrSh,
Welsh or Cornish, that might now BE- existing in
ts place. We may thank God that Truth and La
ssre AZ last prevailed in erecting bene6cent eID-
yks out of those miserable Heptafchlcs, and see
nsnal oligarchies that had TO right N exist as
separate soyeregntieS when they could not supp =,
slShcr for the inward common veal ~ for 'ho out
ward defense, those attributes Of soyereisn'y which
alone can characterize nations As being truly power
ordained OF God"
There was favorable moment when Groeco
might have established such bcRcioont sovereign
". During the Persian waT, ard ilst afier it,
close she might have laid the foundation Of q con-
rssuwealth thet would have fastened W centuries
The period of European culture and civilization
TIE invasion Of XERxEs brought ont united Greece
sad tlis was the crisis of her history. Bat she LEI
II pass without profting by the Lesson. Narrow
local jealousies were stronger than the most en-
pbs,ic teaching Of events. As they receded rom
TacrmopylG, every year drove the Greeks further
hon the idea of national unity. Tho absurd prde
Of state among those petty powers placed stronger
obstacles in tha way with zach successive genera
ION At length it became the watchSord, the one
Saea of the demsgogue, and from that time all hope
vas gore. Only foreign subjugation could teTml-
cate state of things with the horrors of which no
despotsm could hold comparison
Greece was not wanting In men who saw
~ true character OF the situation. They were
stund especially in Athens, which so much sur
passed the other states in philosophical aud literary
culture. Her great men were national, even when
s1ininsly ambitious. Her very demasogues were
more national than those Of Corirth or Argos
Be-. she always haa true men iDpired with the
sentiment of unity, In distinction from the facous
Aeclaimer, Just as Massachusetts, has her WEBSTER
aid her EVERETT to put in contrast with the WOODS
Asd VALLASDIGHAMs Of cur own day. Athens was
charged with ambition, was said TO be aiming al
consolidated empire. This was perpetually cast in
her teeth by the small men OF Acgara, or tho free
traders of Corinth, or the stupid denizens Of
Bxo,is, or the brutal Helot drivers, that talked
ESTATES Rights, and praciced despotisn III Sparta.
Athens stood nearly alone III her devotion 10
Grecian unity. For this, she was rcvilcd, az New
England is now rcvled, but her Efforts were all IN
ynin Greece never rose out Of that political chsos,
which formed such a strange contrast with her
geographical and chronological unity. She never
became one nation historically born, one political
organization having one common life, a. should
have been the case with one people, Of race, Of
one language, and embraced by the same natural
geographical boundaries.
Instead of this she exhibits the most painful his
torcal picture ;hat is 10 be found perhaps in the
annals Of any people. II was war uAcessing, war
everywhere, in every division, in every subdivision
IN every iittle nook AID corner OF tits unhappy
land. For most OF the time, 10 was war in which
eyery section became inyolvcd ~ The time il wac
war Of some part, or parts, against some otheG
parts. Ever fighting, treating, the most sol
emn articles Of eternal amity hardly sealed before
h,oLou ,r,,oea vifhox,t number etnis fires for