New-York daily tribune. [volume] (New-York [N.Y.]) 1842-1866, 1864-05-28
SCIENCE AEE ART.
American Institute Polytechnic t,.oeia-

reading the following paper
oN TIE IRopUCToH OF sUGAR At THE MOTH:
The amount Of maple sugar made in the United
States in the year 1860 was in round Numbers 9NRoO0
pounds Tho high price Of sugar doubtless stimulated
farmers 10 tap during Tie present Spring. noIe than
TIE usual Number Of rock and red maplcs and The
flow Of zap is reported 10 have been very great II may
he safely conclurd that the maple sugar crop ~ 1864
viii flr exceed that Of any former year Each farmer
who produces sugar also manufacturer for the SIP
boiled down. eTanulaed and east into cakes ready
for Tie market either IN his own domeile or ~ me
sugar camp generally located near the center al ms
mHpc grove. comparative estimate of tho quantity
Of sp gathered and sagur Manufactured may De made
from The statement lately cent 20 me by very inl''
gent member of tie Shaker Community, al Canterbury,
y n. his society have three lnaic groves ~ one,
ll.D trees tappcd ON The lst 0f March last r."
hundred of The Euics were rcamcd out on ne
let Of Anil and tho 18th Of April the
tyiics were uil wtidraRu. The whole quantity
~ ZIP gathered from these trees was Ole harTcs
Tie Other i've groves contain about coo tapped trees
each. making ihc whole number 2.A1 The amount 81
made from te barrels, OF ~ 40 gallons OF sep II
( tu0 n about one pound flr five gallons molasses Is
made generally fTom The sap Il the latest run, which Is
90 changed 10 SIS character that IL VII not properly
rra uae. IL one camp the SAP is boiled in series OF
,est-ron pans al connected II tie bottom by pipe.
thus the tcier part If The uns Out al The hniion
last the fresh sap ~ allowed to run IN The pro
cess IL COmIotcd In another pan. In ono camp TIE
pms have been taken Gus and copper pans sub
stifufrd. four Of them aIo feet long and feet wide
and ui ucle, deep Tie strip par, into which tho
SWeotcr liquid from The other pans flows, h feet
long feet wide and inches deep These pans are
above and AZ the side oeech other So thai The zap nom
the bottom Of the trst pa! iuns into The top 81 ~"
second and 20 on through The seGlcs The Who'll" beng
governed by ffD,es II ihs series about Two Ia rels
Of sap can 10 boiled down pr hour
Al III, suggestion. the core p0ndert. NJ Elinn
tested the strength of she sap drawn various hight
of the tree the highest being taken % feet. end TIE
result proved that the sap lhc.easts IA sweetness.
slightly, with increase OF hight. The sNcrieit zap
tested Was n by the iaume hydromeicr. The position
q The tree found Ia affect the strength Of The zap
IN tires near vacrc, ufses the slccharne quaty was
extremely Diluted = frum tie rot OF Tree stood al
q Eaume xne first How If sup being tie beet t oc-
cured me that might be increased by being ao@ ed
10 pass intb vacuum. requested TINT small india
rubber hag from which the sir had b'cn driven should
he attached 10 silc or vessel nom when me M
bad been exhausted by means of mn airprnp. TIE stu
simple plan proposed of pla'ins Little water
tin can, and after heating II until the steam lad
driven oct The air closing H. and aiao hing by an air
aht tiOu with tho eDic The hrsi ana last plans
were tried ard with complete success With the steam
can. IN which tie steam war condensed when the can
w., withdraw nom he flame tho quantity caught Ia
twelve minutes four fuid ouucos, the quartiiy
hc iron the sple Ia the usua way IN The same
tiiae Was ia OuuccsiAc increase Of Flow being about
IA per cent Subsequent inls gave always over TO-
PEI cent increase Tie Community ai canterbury have
made sirup from The sap OF several vare's 81 n"
birch also that Of tie onni or huitrrnu tree but
they have not succeeded in graduating II.
The flow Of the cap ~ the maple Influenced BY The
veethe! too great degree The mVst abundant flow II
just siier there has been white fToft M night hu
clear and cloudlcs day. ~ Canterbury, north west
wind Is considered the mott FroPtouri south-cah
neat best east, medium. Tie WINDS from AZ other
Ioluts Of the CON past less faNcIable while breeze
IRON the south destroys al hope. An occasional rain
during the sugar l. beneficial thc fan OF water
IL very abundant, the dow Of sap greatly increased
Immediately after. but it, sweetness much d1Hhfheu
TIE CAUSE OF CIRCULATION WITHIN A 1ifh.
II has been nscertaincd by Introducing colorn9 mat
the trunk Of tree That The "teh,n "i 'he
sap is upward through the wood alone; when The color
ing matter has reached the nerves OF the leaves. ts
course is ged and It 10 found to be gradually NOV
ing dow through tie bark until II reaches te bottom
Tie cause Of the action al INST supposed 10 De The
force II capillary ton, but tbs does mol account
for the fact that the sap viii How out oil vine Nhe ih
top has been cut OH DE SaussuTc supplied ihe dciect
in tins explanation by suppOsing that AFTER The action
vas commenced by capillary attraction II was continued
by the alternate contraction and expansion ui the Tree
which If true does not account for The cOhnuons now
The ean WIS surpassed return by lite weight hut
in dropping branches the return Is In an upward diree
ton According u Ihouars the rise que 70 me or
banding buds and the development Of leaves which up
uroprAie the Juices In the vicinity 10 supply th' vacuum
thus made the sap s forced up by atmospheric pressure
but ts view is err0neou because the sap ho"H p"fo
The lmds are formed DutfOchc who brst opened he
ustL which Graham has successfully pursued, h.cFls
the flow Of zap that force oI dusbt when causes
two liquids separated By porous sheet OF s,ims' men
hrau, 10 iutcrnngie He gave the nninc OF End0sl0Sr
Ia The inward mpuson. aud Exormose 10 the oni"a ara
immsion BY osmeiic force water viii peas thfonsh
sepinm of animal membrane covering ie ioaei emu %
a glass tube IN which there solution q! sugar. ,hu
ttc action viii continue until the hud bns Icacheu
the top OF the tube. when 1t VIII continue W no" out
yieIvd states that the velocity OF NE current
i,b lie iniiial concentration Of The solpn hul III
lower ratio The numerous experiments Oi 'fhhIh'
RECENTLY made with mineral and animal sePta iean 20
thc inference that ospiore u caused ny WI i
action Of the KGud on the scQuIn IN huiInuthB ."o
circulation 81 ESP In and pnnis 10 chrinicnl hcioh
rsther than 10 cspilaiy We may have ~ ~.
right direction. but II must De eohiessoe '' ''
IL sti enye oped IN mystery - - l.
/ According 10 Liebig. In ANNALS no new wood j
formed after the month Of August Al 'he cai v,'n
which the plant appIOfatcs eiei uia. 81 g. 10
carbonc acid absorbed by The leaycs ~ epo! % IA W.
formation of nutri;iye compounds oI the following n
Instead Of woody hber starch Is formed anu ui'"s.u
through every part Of The plant by the Autnhhhl sap.
TIE cIemioa combination Of carbon with the elements
of water by process which cannot rs yet ne iiH''n
BY man forms woody fiber gum stare ana suesr M
eyer states that starch deposited N the Dodt Oh ee
can be recognized by ~ known form win the niu vi
microscope When by early cold weather this pro'l
ion Is not made Tor tho tee, IT. grown curing '"o "''
yeaI will b. checked. a, x,,.
Wbv doe, line saccharine iquid low from The Maple
more freely after u irosti This peculiarly is moi OBJ
served in the Birch and other iTees Whoh Ss.i.,o o
s.est nrncipe IL would be accounted for OH the os
nose by surprising tut the How was checheo
nv the host and during that time the sap ALREADY ~
the tree. became deirer TINS nc ha ;acrrased Il
0hf also be suggested that this Increased now er
! S,nst might he the result OF thermo.eccuic acloh.
Fnough has been said ~ direct the atThuoh VI .Vs
american botaniss to this subject anu n,aufe e.
1ia,o 10 institute many series oil eIPeriineLN ~
aeld Of research "a yet but partially EXPLORED.
Al the conclusion OIL th5 paper WI ''ua "pr 80. H.
.s.d ns 10 tie GAUGE Of the circulation OF sap 10
spaes by Mr. Secretary GARvEY MI koshSLbf' ana
others -, Co. ,snec,iop a npeci.
~ - ~ no ncw metal Thaliuin. 1t Is blush "hiie
m metz =, very soft easily furnished resembling ''sn"
bon lead and silver IT, specific gTas, the opinion
rrCl i yU1 Oh would be prepared shortly in sucien,
uant;aes for ordinary purposes II 10 i9Ina IN c' ,o
sulphur, H. me pro,oxyd and teroIyd. lie Lad
"a oIs, onnc,r of the choryd for The purpose OF