davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Belmont chronicle. [volume] (St. Clairsville, Ohio) 1855-1973, 1864-08-25
Keep 1t Before the People.

Let no laboring man forget that the
South rebelled for the purpose of founding
an empire upon chained, degraded and dis
honered labor; that while the struggle for a
century had been to elevate manual indus,
try BY beating down aristocracy, the South
has produced all tho boodshed of the past
three years in an attempt to reduce labor 70
lower condition In America than il had
ever reached in Europe. r,r
Let the working man also bear in mind
the fact that the Copperheads have from
tho first done everything in their power to
aid these traitors in their effort to debase
the toiler. T''--
And lot il be especially remembered that
the opposition Of these Copperhads to the
measures necessary for conducting the war
to successful issue has made drafting me-
cesssry; for had il not been for them there
would have been and there still would be
volunteers enough to fill all quotas. There
fore, the Copperheads are responsible for
dragging the poor man and the honest toll
or for living from his family by the draft;
for have they not done everything possible
to prevent voluntary enlistm ents?
The conclusion from such facts Is that
every laborer should regard the Copper.
heads North as we'll as the traitors South, as
his deadly enemies. IT, .a' =
Belmont chronicle. [volume] (St. Clairsville, Ohio) 1855-1973, 1864-08-25
The Viper warmed to Life.

The traitors Of the South drive away all
the Union citizens, and the opperheads OF
the North cry out, '.behold united peo-
plel" The loyal people Of the North not
only permit all the disunion citizens to re-
main and work for the traitors, but they al.
low the traitors Of the South ia come to the
North for residence, adding their influence
to the opposition, and the copperheads ex.
claim, "behold divided Northl" Even
some Union citizens among us feel discour-
aged in view Of the fact that we are divided
and they are united. Such persons are
short-sighted; for had we pursued the
Southern method, we should have United
North, and probably, also, South united
with us, in common Union. The loyal
people are constantly being insulted for the
privileges they have extended to the enc.
mics of the Union. I'VE are a divided
North" Who divided it2 You, miscre-
ants, who should be grateful for the free.
dom and security that you have been per.
mitted to enjoy. Suppose You had been
driven South where you belong you would
have been dragged into the rebel army and
made food for our powder. They now pro.
pose bloody resistance to certain measures
Of the Government, which you yourselves
have made necessary; and thus it is that
the serpent we have warmed into life is pre-
pairing to sting us for our kindness
Belmont chronicle. [volume] (St. Clairsville, Ohio) 1855-1973, 1864-08-25

's WHAT the Rebels mean by the Nj
agara Falls ovsrtures Of, Geo. Sanders, e.
Co., and such professions Of the willingness
Of the South to negotiate for peace, is very
candidly confessed by the Atlanta Register,
as follows: H.t..,l. .. isssl
"We can gain nothing by denonucing
them, (the Northern peace men, We may
lose much by presenting hostile front to
their peace movements. Lire 10Th them
,tader the same Government 1e ,,eper ,oiU. =
But in the mean while If they ,oiU use The
ballot coz against Mr.. LincoLis, while we use
the cartridge box, each wiUbe a helper to.
Me Other, and both CO operat, in accomplish.
ing the greatest work which the country and
tHis continent have Witnessed"
Ii they can only hold out till the election
Of a copperhead President, they feel sure of
independence. Live with the people Of the
North under the same Government they
never will, if they can helpit; and they be-
lieye that the Northern ballot box, if filed
with copperh head tickets, will be more i'm
portant to their cause than their Southern
cartridge box. -"
Belmont chronicle. [volume] (St. Clairsville, Ohio) 1855-1973, 1864-08-25

with gush Of. tears, or deep sob from its
little breaking heart.
In the name of divided and almost
bankrupted country in the name of two
hundred thousand wooden limbs and am ntv
sleeves IN the name Of untold Thousands
OF heroic dead; in the name Of the ornhan's
tears end the widows woe, has not one elec.
tlon OF LiDcoln cost us enough7 Are sor-
row and starvation and wretcbedness sc
sweet sight that we would complete the
rum on our country to multiply tham7 Have
we the eyes OF ghouls that we must have
more hecatombs Of dead upon which to feast
tbemf Have we the hearts of fiends that
we would double the misery of our fellow
beings in which to feyel7 e. 1srs
Let ever. man with heart and q con-
science ask himself il he wants four more
OF such disastrous years7 Four more years
OF outraged liberties7 Four more years of
corruption and strifc7 Four more year. of
carnival for misery and death7 81 f-s T
He 10 blind indeed who csnnot see abso-
lutte ruin broadly staring us in the face, and
he is to be pitied or despised who does NOT
see that with the reelection of Lincoln il
will fail upon us with crushing, ovsrwhelm-
Like vessel circlng in the current of the
maelstrom, our country has, during Lincoln's
administration, been drawing nearer and
nearer to the whirlpool Of destruction. As
we approach the fatal verge the circles be-
como smaller, and our speed more rapid -
Knowing this, seeing it, we are insane that
we should set quietly whils the pilot. tells
obscene stories and allows us to drift to de.
struction 80. =
If we make no effort to save our country
we deserve to have none. Go to work then,
Democrats, patriots, by, every honorable
tuition from the hands of it's violators. =
There is hope for our country if Lincoln is
defeated, none without.
E .--r JERE WIrIJAus
Belmont chronicle. [volume] (St. Clairsville, Ohio) 1855-1973, 1864-08-25
Mcclellan and Democracy.

A large portion of the Democratic
party is decidedly in favor Of Mcclellan as
the nominee at the approaching Chicago
Convention, and IRON the spirit manifested
at the late meetings in New York we will
net be surprised if his friends coerce the
shaky peace men to join in his nomination.
Ii this DO done, much of their bowling
about arbitrary arrests will come home to
roost At the late anti-draft meeting in
Crawford County, SO happily enthussd by
Judge Chambers of this county, among
many other abuses charged in the preamble
against MIR. Lincoln is the following He
has seized by force and imprisoned Legis-
lature elected by the people," By this is
meant the arrest of the Maryland Leeisla-
ture, which was directed by the following
Confidential" order from Gen. Mcclellan:
tConfdenull
iEADoganrERs Army OF rnH PoroMAc,)
MAJoR-GEN. N. p. BANKS, M = r. s. A.
General: Alter consultation with the Pres
ident, Secretaries Of State, War, &C.. il ba,
been decided to effect the operation pro-
posed for the 18th. Arrangements have
been made to have a Government steamer
at Annapolis to receive the prisoners and
carry them to their destination.
Ssme four or five of the chief men in the
affair are to be arrested to-day. When they
meet on tho l7th you will please have every
thing prepared to arrest the whole party,
and be sure that none escape.
1t Is understood that you arrange with
Gen. Dix and Gov. Seward the modes oper.
anai 1t has been intimated 60 me that the
meeting might take place on the 18th !;
please bc prepared. would be glad to
have you advise me frequently of your ar
rangsmsnts in regard to this very impor.
tant matter. ,t.
II it Is successfully carried nut, il will no
Tar toward breaking the backbone Of Ire
reoellen, Il will probably be we'll to have
special train quietly prepared to take tho
prisoners to Annapolis. 'fr =.
l leave this exceedingly important affair
TO your tact and disoretion--th absolute
necessity OF secrecy aud success With The
highest regard, l am.> my dear General.
your sincere friend, -. - '''''
GEoRoE b. MoCLrILAN.
Major-Gsn. u. s. A.
Belmont chronicle. [volume] (St. Clairsville, Ohio) 1855-1973, 1864-08-25
Acknowledsss his Parsntase

In a recent issue of the Gazette-a
copperhead paper published in this
place, and a stormy advocate of peace
may be found the following question
and frank answer:
'Whose children are the peace. makers :
The children Of the de vii. "
When this old parent dies. there will
be no litigation Of the will SO far as
johnny is concerned, for his long and
faithful services viii be rewarded by.a
devise to him of the larger part Of the
kingdom.
Belmont chronicle. [volume] (St. Clairsville, Ohio) 1855-1973, 1864-08-25
In nrenorInn,.
IN GAME MAE CuArEAiioootim

RIVER, GA, July f6y 1864. -
At meeting of the members OF Go.
G, 10Th Reg't, o. v. vi, the follow.
ing resolutions on the death of Serg't
Thomas Hudson, and privates Charles
V. Cracraft, John Cole, Levi Bsrcus.
James f. Marior, John w. Wilcox;
Louis Gothier, and Charles Lapoint,
were adoptcd: -'H'i .iooa 15,a'
WHEREAS, 1t has pleased Almighty God.
in the orderings of His providence. to re.
move from our ranks our comrades in armsI
and we are thus, with their absent ifiends,
called upon to mourn their loss--aud desir-,
ing to express sp appreciation of the worth
OF our Soldier Brothers, and our feelings
under their removal, our sympathy with
their weeping relatives--ve s6opt the fol.
lowing resolutions:
Resolved. lst. That webear cheerful tes-
timony othe bravery of our comrades in
arms assoldiers, and to their kind and gem
kmanly conduct As companioDs and friends.
I'd. That we view the fall Of our com.
FADES both as an incentive to faithfJipess in
the discharge of duty. and as warninx to
be also ready, for we know not what . dsy
may bring forth. rrFHEr gTrr
3D.. That, while we mourn the loss of
our brethren in arms, we also extend our
sympathes to their bereaved friends.
4th. That we send copies Of these reso-
lutions to their friends, and also q copy to
the BELMONT CHRoNIcLE fer publication.
Serg't WILLIAM M. FINNEY, Pres't.
LOGAN Med. SCoTT, Sec'y.
Belmont chronicle. [volume] (St. Clairsville, Ohio) 1855-1973, 1864-08-25
Soldiers, what 90 you think ef
tltSf

The Gazette says that part Of the
Ten Commandments should now read
Us follows:
, - Thou shalt fight thy battles on the
Sabbath day, and thy generals, thy captains
tiny prlyates and thy servants shall do all
other six days. 'N0
shareholders. "
contrabsnds. : - -' N'N'''' VIZ"
,",s. Thou shalt steal--eyerythipv that
belengeth to stakeholder. y '@ '
The above will serve to show what
the Copperheads think Of our noble
soldiers in the field. r
Belmont chronicle. [volume] (St. Clairsville, Ohio) 1855-1973, 1864-08-25
Good. BETTER. Resf.

The best of which. is, that Mrs.
Alvira E. Adams, wife Of j. G. Adams Of
the Enrollment Office at Washington, has
recruited substitute to serve for three
years in her stead" as the Provost- Mar.
shal expressed it in a letter Of thanks to
her. Mr.. Adams himself is not subject to
draft but has put in the army representa-
tive. One Of his sons, not old enough, is
now seeking one to serve in his stead IF
all who enjoy good situations under the
Government would follow this, example Of
three in family, probably one hundred
thousand would be added to the army.
Belmont chronicle. [volume] (St. Clairsville, Ohio) 1855-1973, 1864-08-25
A Nugget.
The Chicago Tribune says

TIC CHIcago Irlbune says:
A huge golden nugget, or mass Of
the precious metal, weighing eighty
pounds, and worth in greenbacks some
$4,000, was on exhibition Yesterday
at the counter Of the Third National
Bank. 1t has just come in on its way
to New York, forwarded by mining
company in the gold regions. Much
anxiety was felt for its safety, owing to
the Indian disturbances on the plains,
which it only barely escaped. The
most apathetic red skin would have ex-
perienced an emotion at the sight of.
this huge yellow mass, worth princes
ransom. 1t is the two months product
of an eighteen stamp mill, owned by
the Briggs Mining Company. ~
Belmont chronicle. [volume] (St. Clairsville, Ohio) 1855-1973, 1864-08-25
THE sALurArohY OF WILLIAMS, REyERREp
..te TO IN THE ABOVE,

- ~S~"~NSHA VI WILLIAMS, hEFEHhED
TO IN THE ABOVE. NJ, I
Dear Reader: After three years service
IN the army, l have returned to resume INV
post as editor Of the Spirit. a
The approaching presidential campaign.
tnoagn less ardnous than the campaian
against the Rebels. is, 10 the fullest extent.
as important, The absolute ruin of the
country Is as certain TO follow the election
ol L'ncoln, asit to follow the indepcnd-
,r snOe 2. sne voafederacy. A divided coun-
try, oankrupted In credit and in hoaor; !; a
vcaS.tu.lon outraged and contemned until
tne lowest oiheiai may defy IL with impu.
spised and ridieuled by the pettiss, in m,;no ~
pahties Of Europe, people grosning under
gres, puroens OF taxes, are events already
nearly consummated by the imbeeilitv =,
yilliany Of Lncoln's administration r.,
less than another four years will yea com n,s i.
ted the rsinous work now much mora thar
half done. The bones Of thoussnds mors
better men than Lincoln, win be- leff n
bleach on bloody battlehelds teps Of thous
ands more will Be rendered. helpless for Iifc,
scores Of thousands moro Of Widows and n,
phans will GIL the land, and our = hole ooun.
Try become one great house ofmourning.
The consequences Of the reelection al
Iancoin cannot be contemplated without .
snadder; ~ Rapidly the prices Of the nsoss.
sSs,ss sSn :, % iS are rising beyond the reach Q!
sn .aS po0' "iaows and orphans and manned
.S. sSiaisrs. Day by day hundreds. sometimes
thousands, are added 70 the long list Of held.
iess men, and poor widows and orphans. =
NO matter where you may live, reader q
few steps from your door will lake van -
the sorrow-stricken homes Of little oynS.ns ~
In whose future is many a hungry snHa.;ns H;ns
day. II yeu meet child you hardN da,ss
to ask for iu father, lest you be- snsssrsd sd
Belmont chronicle. [volume] (St. Clairsville, Ohio) 1855-1973, 1864-08-25
Money Matters--EurOpean Capt.
nalasts Seeking our Gsyern-
ment Securities.

NEW York, August 22.--The increasinp 2
demand from, abroad for eur Government
securities continues to enhance their price.
A number OF foreign houses have In hand
large orders for 5-20's. The lO-4o's also.
It is reported, are likely to Be ii demand
for European markets. We learn that at
present the unexpected foreign orders for
lions dollars.
Gold, opened, at 1851, alter selling at
257t, closed dull at 257. =.
Belmont chronicle. [volume] (St. Clairsville, Ohio) 1855-1973, 1864-08-25

their army in their endeavor to crush trea.
SOD, and the hour is not far distant for
which all good men pray--when the pow.
er OF the Iebellion will be broken, and
the beneiicebt power Of the Constitution re.
stored; when the voice of your living he
roes, and the graves Of your dead patriots,
will bear witness to all the world, that the
Republic still lives--the last refuge of at.
ficted nations, the avepger Of violated Law
and Justice, and the sleepless defender of
Liberty.
Belmont chronicle. [volume] (St. Clairsville, Ohio) 1855-1973, 1864-08-25

NEW ORLEANS, Aug. Is, via CA1Ro,
Aug. 23,--The land forces under Granger
we're within three hundred yards IF Fort
Morgan. A general assault will take place
in few days; the feet is fully prepared. L.
The ram Tennessee is repaired and fred q
shot on the Fort which is mysteriously 81
lent. There is seven feet Of water q, Mo-
bile; Two Of the monitors expected to as
cend to Mobile, and assist. The rebel re-
ports Of an assault on aud slaughter Of our.
troops is untrue. '."s-,
Belmont chronicle. [volume] (St. Clairsville, Ohio) 1855-1973, 1864-08-25
A RESIDENT of Hartford bot,ob,t

A RESIDENT Of Hartford bought a
dozen eggs the other day, aDd' BY Iinsdysr-
iently placing iye Of themin warm pantry
got them as nicely Matched into I've chickens
as If hem had sat upon them. One ine
moraiog the little animals "peeped, Z" to the
egg-purohaser's great atonisbment. OF
course he went to the newspapers to ten the
story-eyery good American goes TO his
newspaper when he sees or hears anything
Belmont chronicle. [volume] (St. Clairsville, Ohio) 1855-1973, 1864-08-25
Let Copperheads smoke H..

The Richmond Examiner Of the Sd inst.
70 speaking Of the politics Of the United
Sa' SStatss. says; IF Grant is engineering for
Ll1ooIn,s re, election on the Chickaheminy
and Appomattox, while Sherman Is log.
rolling FOR him about Atlanta on the other
hand, We regard Gen. Lee asa pips-layer
for the Democratic Conventien'in Chicago;
and Zen. Early, 1t Is said, has gone over to
stnmp. the States OF Maryland and Penn
sylvania for the peace party"
Belmont chronicle. [volume] (St. Clairsville, Ohio) 1855-1973, 1864-08-25
Seizure Of Revolver.

Marshal Murray, late yesterday seized az
cases containing from 500 to 800 revolver
OF the Savage Arms Co. g make. These re-
yy2lvers were part Of lot purchased in New
Dork, for the Sons of Eiberty in Indians.
and were, to be shipped at No. 40 Walker
ing Shipment - F''S'-r"
Belmont chronicle. [volume] (St. Clairsville, Ohio) 1855-1973, 1864-08-25
The News from Atlanta FayOr-
' H-- able. stJ

WASHINGTON, August 23.-Oficial news
from Atlanta cheerful. Authentic informa-
ten received here shows that Kilpstrick
has returned from the raid on line Of the
Macon railroad without serions loss, but had
fafiguing and hard time. He brought in
enc piece ofartillery and 10 prisoners. He
destroyed tho road for 2 miles ia various
places. -e7rr 'E~ rrf5 ! . -, :, $50"
Belmont chronicle. [volume] (St. Clairsville, Ohio) 1855-1973, 1864-08-25

MANY Of the Wards in Cincinnati have
entirely or nearly filed their quotas with
volunteers. The Gonmersial exhos4s the
people to extra exertisns for the next few
days. 3 tr. III II
Belmont chronicle. [volume] (St. Clairsville, Ohio) 1855-1973, 1864-08-25

CIV. SEYMouR, who was among the re-.
Gently exchanged prisoners at Charleston.
and formerly resided in that city. SAYS tbst
the people are bopsfuliin the expeetation
that peace Candidate win BE- elected Prcs.
idsnt Of the United States this fallf
Belmont chronicle. [volume] (St. Clairsville, Ohio) 1855-1973, 1864-08-25

GEN SEYNoUR, late ptisohsrst at Charles
tou' states that the rebel cause i fast fktlihg'
from exhaustion, and all We need 'is f6en' tS'
give crushing pr0pondetahcS to'out dfdiss.
Belmont chronicle. [volume] (St. Clairsville, Ohio) 1855-1973, 1864-08-25
IFrom the Wheeling In,sllissnoer, Of s.turdsy.)
A sCATHING DOCUMENT.

Something for Tie People of Monroe County.
Ohio, to Reud-.Whdt Sort of a Man II
takes TO Edit a Copperhe1d Nesospdper
Belmont chronicle. [volume] (St. Clairsville, Ohio) 1855-1973, 1864-08-25
st. GtairssilIe, Ohio, Augustus.

's.An c.,anunsN IONS intended for insertion in the
paper rron business ..ls,ns The oe., .ho.is be
strs.s-d Btiaen, shtUnirls, St c,sir,v,ae, ohIos
Belmont chronicle. [volume] (St. Clairsville, Ohio) 1855-1973, 1864-08-25

THEWar Department has. issued an or
der to prevent the abuse Of the asanosty.
sssA.o .H1atysETTF A.irI .u.a
Belmont chronicle. [volume] (St. Clairsville, Ohio) 1855-1973, 1864-08-25

o,....a ..s sales Of public lands have largely in
Belmont chronicle. [volume] (St. Clairsville, Ohio) 1855-1973, 1864-08-25


UNION STATE TICKET.
Election, Tuesday, Get III
SurREns JupcE-lFuLL TEaxJ
LUTHER DAY, Of Portage County.
suPRKN# JupeE--tLoSo vAc,ScrJ
WILLIAM WHITE, of Clark County.
SUPREME Jrpor@-tsHoRr vAcaScYJ
HORACE WILDER, OF Ashtabula County.
sBcRErlRY or STATE
WILLIAM HENRY SMITH, Hamilton Co.
ATTORNEY GENERAL
WILLIAM r. RICHARDSON, of Monroe Co
CONTROLLER OF rHE TREASURY,
MOSES II. nHATLEY, OF Fulton County.
po,Rp or PUBLIC woaks--(FuLL rERx,)
PHILIP HERRING, Of Auglaize County.
BOARD OF PuRIIc wonEs-(vAcAScY)
JAMES MOORE, OF Cdshooton County.
CoNGREss,
JOHN A. BINGHAM, Of Harrison County.
UNION COUNTY TICKET.
SHERIFF.
CHARLES II. KING, Wayne Township.
AUDITOR,
DAVID THOBURN, of RiehIand.
COMMISSIONER,
ISAAC HOLLOWAY, OF Flushipg.
DIRECTOR INFRMARY,
WILLIAM RAMAGB, OF Wheeling.
Belmont chronicle. [volume] (St. Clairsville, Ohio) 1855-1973, 1864-08-25

We, the undersigned, commissioned off.
Gers OF the 2Sth Regiment, o. V. v. l.,
iuliy endorse the above letter, and know the
ststsments Sc contained therein to be true. =
we are ready to prove the same, aud even
more, if called upon to do SO. ~''
y. Haughton, Lieut. Colonel so,h Rer,t WV
Belmont chronicle. [volume] (St. Clairsville, Ohio) 1855-1973, 1864-08-25

party organization which denounces the
war for the Union as fruitless strife :" de-
clares that it can never restore the Union" ["
that "hostilities shall cease" and which,
by its votes in Congress. and its secret oath
bound conspiracies proclaims that the men
and money needed for the vigorous and
successful prosecution of the war. shall not
be, and ought not to be obtained, is the en-.
emy Of the Republic and the enemy of its
defenders. Against all such aiders and
abettors OF that atrocious treason which has
broken the golden circle of so many homes
in the free North and West, there sheuld
be recorded at the coming election, at every
civil precinct and on every battle field Of the
Republic, vote, 50 Overwhelmingly strong,
as will attest anew the truth, that the voice
OF free people uttered in behalf of Justice
and right, is the voice Of God.
The people Of the loyal States have in
their keeping the imperilled life Of the Re.
public, The Republic can be saved under
Gsd, only by the armistice which Is en-
forced BY the bayonet and proclaimed by
rided ordnance, Ii cannot be saved by va
ting that hostilitiss on the part of the Gov.
ernment cease, aud that supplies Of men
and money for the army be withheld. Nor
can the Republic be saved by voting down
Abraham Lincoln, and electing in his stead
the nominee Of party which declares
against the coercion oftrsitsrs, and In favor
Of a vigorous prosecution ofpeaoe: Let the
people learn of their enemy The Rich
mond Examiner the organ Of the rebellion,
uses these significant worlds. "Any change
from Lincoln will be better for u.s." BY
voting him down you aid the rebellion; by
sustaining him fully and unitedly yeu save
Est shs people, 10 tsse coming elections,
triumphantly sustain their President and.
Belmont chronicle. [volume] (St. Clairsville, Ohio) 1855-1973, 1864-08-25

| ll.N"
that hostilities, on the part of the Govern.
ment, CEASE, He has violated, say these
conspirators. the rights of States by nrosc
cutting this war against these armed traitors
Ihls is only another way of saving tba,
traitors IN arms against this Government,
and without colorado excuse for their trea.
son, are to be protected in their cr;ms
against the Nations Laws, and in the cruel
and heartless tyranny with which day by
day they ,oppress and crush every faithful
citizen who falls within their grssp' The
constitutional rights of traitors-tbe con.
stltutional sanction Of theirinfernal tyrannvI
Shade OF Jefferson cover with eternal IN.
iamy this spurious Democracy which rejects
your immortal utterance, "I have sworn.
on the altar Of my God. eternal hostility "a
tyranny, in every form, over the mind and
BODY Of man." A sublime democracv. tbst q
which solemnly AYERS IL TO be the sacred
right of traitors Ia arms to hold their slsyes
as an element of strength whilst thew
sail, with the red hand Of treason. me verv
Consultation which shelters them ~ :
Representatives of the people--sav 10
your constituents, you trusted this sbam
democracy In 1852 and il infamously betrsv =.
ed you; you elected its candidates TO the
3Sth Congress because you believed THAR
then false profession of patriotism, that
they were for vigorous prosecution Of the
war, and that their candidates, tbps sloc,sa
to Congress upon false pretenses, used du.uS vor |.
power in resisting every war m..,srss w ~
the Government, thereby giving AID and
comfort to the enemy; and TO-DAY. in vanr
presence, declare that they are ior yIeor-
oss prosecution OF peace THAT they demaod
y ns;s pssha% s,aa r MnoSln that hostlities against
spm.,;Ns n1,T ales - nrevcl. shall esass soa
to the loyal people of the Djstrictthatthsi,
representative in Congress, J6sopH w w
White, though dumb 10 the House 81 REQ.