davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The mountain Democrat., 1864-07-23

A "BULLY President. Lincoln is dis
tinguished for his polished manners and
high breeding, as his graceful anecdotes,
so becoming in a man occupying his ex'
alted position, prove. He has made nm
ccdote- telling more Of study than states.
manship, doubtless because he shines to
advantage in the former and the latter is
just little above his comprehension
When he was called on and congratulated
on Meade's victery at Gettysburg, in re-
sponsc, he gravely and with charscteTia'
tic dignity, at the conclusion Of his speech,
said: "The rebels turned tail and run'l!
1t was a remark worthy Of the man but
not OF the occasion. He has been repeat
ing himself Of late. An Abolitionist re-
Gently had an interview with him, and
during the conversation the President de.
livered himselfas follows in regard to the
The daily Gate City. [volume] (Keokuk, Iowa) 1855-1916, 1864-12-08
THF GATE CITY


ssEoo00900 4oo090sW Nr
A terrible s6lir ~ il co.. - light
in Paris, WAisA y sssGibe sFfssst tsna'of
sensation, A celebrated physician, desi-
rous q sssgEsaining sud nasas1l3 1ptesd'
ing the effects Of The ssAasohish," q In.
dian hemp. upon the h1naa mind Induced
three young men to lock thsnsslvss up
in room With him and psrtaks Of y The
servants w6fs Ill sent asAy, bat afsef valt-
iug twenty four hours and the inmates
mo- coming forth the dopn vsrs ss.cals1.
ed and horrible sight. presented itssif
within.
On the door hy the doctor iuseusibls,
and bleeding profusely from wound IL
the head. One Of the young men vas ex-
tended beside him grooming in agony, his
left arm and leg both broken BY The fall
Of tho chandelier. which by some extra
ordinary accident had slipped from its
chain, and lay scattered in fragments al
over the carpet. Another Of the eHpsrl-
mentalisers vas seated on the floor close
beside the doctor grasping one Of the brass
candelabras from which II was evident the
victim had been wounded-be was found
to have become raving maniac, while
the third was lying quietly beneath the
table-in s.upor from which no medical
skill has yet been able to arouse him.
The doctor whose wound is not serious
and whose iosensibility proceeds from the
loss of blood, gives vague, confused 40
count Of the scene as yet. Tbs rtvels-
tions made in the pages of his pocket book
are said to be extraordinary, and to have
caused the greatest excitement among the
medical men of Paris.
The daily Gate City. [volume] (Keokuk, Iowa) 1855-1916, 1864-12-08
0xe -
Az TOMATO ORGANS,
SCHOOL oRG !Al
M e LODEoN S
!. rHIsrr.rIyE r4essAHD new n uss,
Every instrument Warsnisd for Five Team
NJ e LODEoN s
rnIsrI.rIyE rzsgsAsD Now N USE,


In prssentipy the AusenAssc OssAn. Ne hea1y 60
nopnce the greatest triumph In musical nslruens OF
the age Duirg the past half century, the french apd
Germans have manufactured reed instruments With
doube beilowa and pedAS Sf the feet 70 operate
(which h the opiy bellows used In mde
impossible Tor them pfnduce the npsnw, M I'D
nl1ecsl tone NJ wh1uh oar fnstxunenfs cs1sGUesd
Another objection 10 this method Of blowing hat
both feet being occnped opportunity offered fos
the ranA9smeft 81 the swell Within thepast two
instrumenss ccnseruQond this RafupsaA peaa Of
adouble blowers hasv manufactured In tks ouun
try md to eounsersct this deulty (wsat ~ svs,
been projected nom the esntrs 81 the instu
msot TO acs upon the swell oPRAafED fns KxD-
The inconveufence and contorco necessary TO et ths
object dissgrecabls enough 70 gsatieas bot -
lady the Of such appendage h nearly impossible
Our device obviates this dculty entirely,
the simple 81 hOwing with more ~ s fDroe giving
the desirs increase rcrese in the voums OF tcAs
For seventeen years the superior excellence Of our Ne
lodeo hAs not been questioned and for two years past
the sncemous demand has NsAe Impossible Tor - 70
meet orders promptly increaesd fAcilifiee,
Rel warranted In assuring our patrons that their
Aers viii he promptly met and solicit continuancs 81
their patronage
~ 4 aSsrss dssesssf to Cisrsysss, eAsreAss ~
SsAssis.
ADDRESS,
arc. A PRINCE CO., Duffale. n. r.
GEO a. PRINCE 4 co., Chicago, HI.
An Illustrated Catalogue with full description n
styles, viii be cent free to any address- sovls
The daily Gate City. [volume] (Keokuk, Iowa) 1855-1916, 1864-12-08


',o~o.idge, convicted block
"as oeen sentenced 10 ter
years imprisonment Al hard labor n.
sentence has been approved, ana Far,
Delaware designated By the 81 crsrarv n
War ~ the place of confinement IN.
punishment i none too severe.
The Jew are building . pev a.h,..
eenetssy in t6s snbusbs Of B.ltimo,. !.
u after tbs old style Of the sschoeen No.
PIE" ''
-SsDd your California letters by ths
steansrss; The overland route i Ia -.
gular, and will keep sOa waiting.
The hog md pork business !. Gin.
sis:asi = not 80 brisk shssea.on - 1or.
nsrly. :.
The daily Gate City. [volume] (Keokuk, Iowa) 1855-1916, 1864-12-08

FINAL PERSEVERANCE OF BLACK Sol
p1ERs.-The s4th Massachusetts,, the frs
regiment of coIored soldiers enlisted n
the North, was enlisted with the promise
of full pay. The Law providing for rails.
Ing volunteers made no distinction al
color. When pay day came they were
offered ten dollars a month, being three
dollars less than the white soldiers, being
brought under the special lay for RAISING
colored troops. They refused to receive
anything less than full pay. In the mean
time they had shed their blood freely on
several battlsfelds- So they held out
eighteen mouths, Sighting the couptry' !
battles, denied their pay, and their fami
lies left without support.
AZ length, 10 October, they were paid
10 full. Long discomfort was CHANGED n
triumpba.t, fullness. The brood;nc sons
OF Injustice was turned to mir,hful carpi.
val. Forty thousand dollars were A. once
sent bone BY Adams Express to their
fernaps the blacks showed their inier;.
ority by this fidelity. We surpoa. tn,
winte troops would not have remained
faithful under such circuma,.nce,~.. r., -,
.ney would have compromised By taking
H.. ' 49, sum and looking for revenge.
1s o'scks were determined that their
..I1:"vN, should be recognized. They e..
-. ! IN battle, and they havs II
the recognition for which ,h.s ..s.s
out 90 pIuckilY. Masaachr.s:,. -" s':Ou
No, .a,J;.. ~ u'shnction between
man. ~ H. ..a ~Dvs.lng ne hlsck regi.
fought ~ h,.rsls O'us,, the s4ih- They
t.;rsa - SUI sney nave msiu-
orn;.;oa - saa secured rec
.ss,~. " r ~" MANHOOD rom she Gov
The daily Gate City. [volume] (Keokuk, Iowa) 1855-1916, 1864-12-08

critics.; yst il q ve,i kSvn - 100 ~ - psv ~
neccssity of rs.uftfIr q thsir ~ ~ ~. ~
g their rs1rls. ~ s-..s ssy ~
nads q ihs suscssser 81 tonic which r. eonS -
s sfI ,es .s .a ss. e., e sss p0
az 4. 81: :. ~. q . !;
=, ~ a :s.:i = ss's: ss
s a s ash, = =: !! ri, 4. . :s aa's
The daily Gate City. [volume] (Keokuk, Iowa) 1855-1916, 1864-12-08

"As the Phoenix rises iron, the ashes offs fra animal.
ed with rev does this Elixir rejurenae the sys
A3-nse ReUvrnating Eiixiris the result cf modern
discoveries in the vegetable kingdom; h-ng sn entirely
new and abstract method Of cure irrespective Of all the
A1This medicine Ia. been testedy the most eminent
medical men Of the Sa, and ~ them pronounced to 10
81 the grsxt-st medical discoveries Of ,h.aee
nA-one bottle win cure general Ttebiiify
0l-A few d,ses eure- iI,.t-rics in females
"a me bottle cur-~ P1iysfatOn Of the Heart
41From 70 three bottles restores the ranliness
and fnI vig,r % youth.
ia few dc~es restores the appetite
A1-Thyee BOTTLES the worse of Insrofancy
AS-A few da~+- cure the low spirited
tN-one bottle restores mental power
t4-4 fsr dosss restpyes fhs srgasx Of xeue-attez
tl-A few doves bring The rpss to III. eleps
1A-This medicine manly vicor and robust
health Tue poor i-sdiitafei worn-5os and spairirg
f0-The usfle-- enerrate ycfh the over ed nan
a. business the victim Of nsrvds deprrs-io the nai-
vidusl suffering from general de- t3 r from weakness
OF .iags organ will ali fnd ira mediate sad
relief by the use OF this k'ixir Essenee o! Life
ASfriee 81 per bottle three hotfler tor ss and for
ward BY Express ON receipt Of nonsy any address
n-The CAe.eaee Pitts and n tuveus-
ting txtr arr -oli by all rrisrg Druggists
in the cirilizsd wor Some uaprinipl@d dta.rs how
sell worthless compounds in place az these
those which they can pHr-hnse af rhear prize and
max. more money Y ssllng. than they car on these
yor future cGpring M not be dec. lived w such I'M
pri.epied prrgiss ash fer tA<se sse,s @sd fske 10
"a she nHfs,st VIII BOZ 10y tl-e.a fcT 700, En-
eote the money IN letter and vie vii d then yc
81 EErress siy scaled sud packed -d from otscr
ration
iAnes " oentienen can address Us Ia perfect conf
ancr "ang ihliy arr PLAINLY their diseases and symp
.in - ~ .tnt All dsA~es OF rhrotc nature In nrale
~ iAr TAHents Deed tot he-itste hecHu-t OF their
InsoaiJ 70 VIZ a. - We have treated pAferts
fully In all portions Of the civilized globe BIT correspond
Patients addressing will p.eAse state pla,ntv nj, IN.
syr toms Of their complaints and write Post ice Conn
~ sta's and OF writer plain and ine .e pastsr.
stamp for reply.
We srsd ss~ y pass PsnpAsf free 10 any address
Address all Letters for Pamphlets 20 the prop
esoYs
DIR. ". n. MERws & CO..
No. 50 Liberty street New York
C. A. COOK, Chicago, No. 25 Market street Grneral
Agent fcF the States OF Illinois, Iowa Wiscoasn Mrhf
IN and Indiana who win suppy Druggists our reg
The daily Gate City. [volume] (Keokuk, Iowa) 1855-1916, 1864-12-08

The TOMB OF AN ANCIENT Barron -
On Tuesday last barrow wss opened
near to Scale-h house, Rylstone, under the
direction of the Rev. Mr. Greenwell, an
antiquary Of great experience, and in the
presence of . CREST number Of persons.
The tumulus was 81 feet in diameter
and ahout seven feet high, and situate 10
meadow 1t wss opened from tie south
east, and Immediately uuder the sod was
found to consist Of yellow clay to . con.
siderable depth; then came layers 81 blue
clay, which had evidently been puddled.
or worked to finer consistency. doubtless
to keep out the water Exactly ia the
center of the tnmalus, a, depth Of seven
feet, and on level with the plan of ,hs
field, was ound an oak coffin, formed out
OF tree, which bad been split and ho.
lowed out. and placed due north and south,
the head beng placed to the south, as that
was the larger part of the tree. When
completely Invested Of the surrounding
earth it WAS considered desirable ID lie. il
out, so that it might be examined With
with greater care, but after being exposed
to the air for about ten minutes it parted
at the sides. and it was found impossible
to move II. except by detached pieces
The body had been wrapped 10 cloth,
or shroad ora texture resembling wool,
closely woven. of which there vas q con-
siderable quantity remaining, but the
body itself was dissolved by the action Of
the water which bad gaiued access to The
interior Of the coffin Mr.. Greenve|l
considere the interment to have been thst
OF an ancient Briton, and decidedly pre-
Roman, and that il was doubtless. 1000
years since. He said i. was the only 10.
stance, with one exception, found at
Gristhorp, near Scarborough where on
lnterment in on oak tree. followed ont,
had tumulous placed over il, and that il
was very remarkable one, and worthy
OF being placed in the Archaeological So
clety. The coffin was more than eix feet
In length. inside, and about seven feet six
inches outside. The remains were care
fully collected and replaced, and the
mound restored to it's former shape, .
email lesdeu tablet being placed within,
stating that it had been opened, A. D.,
lS64--tTim Oct. "a.
The daily Gate City. [volume] (Keokuk, Iowa) 1855-1916, 1864-12-08

NO q LiHfFfy street, Wv York.
C. A. COOK, Chicago, No. 25 Market street Grneral
Agent fcs the States OF illinois, Iowa Wisoonsin Mich
IN and Indiana, who win supply Druggists at reg
ular card prices. novao-d eow
The daily Gate City. [volume] (Keokuk, Iowa) 1855-1916, 1864-12-08
DR. WRIGuT'S
Rejuvenating Elixir |!
Or, ESSENCE OF LIFE.

Prepared from Pure Vegetable Extracts coutaIpisr
nothing Injurious to the most delicate.
The Richmond palladium. [volume] (Richmond, Ind.) 1855-1875, 1864-12-21
The Freedmen.

Tho Washington Chronicle bears the
following testimony to the success OF an
important work among the freedmen.
AS many of our citizens have aided in
the support of this school, these state
ments will be read with especial interest :
Among the efforts in behalf of the
freedmen in and around this city, none
have been more efficient than the work Of
the American Tract Society. That so
ciety began when the first Of this people
were thrown upon the charity of the
public, nearly three years ago. Duff
Green Row, Union Bethel, and Camp
Barker witnessed the self denying labors
OF its missionaries. 1t accompanied the
freedmen when their headquarters were
removed to Arlington. There it has
erected spacious chapel and school
room, and sustains a devoted corps of
teachers, consisting Of Mr.. H. E. Sim
mons and four female assistants Four
hundred and fifty children receive daily
instruction. The evenings are devoted
to the education of the adults, with the
special design Of teaching them to read
the Bible. Hundreds have learned to
read many have made commendable
progress in penmanship, arithmeti and
geography. and not a few are being
prepared to become teachers of their
bretheren. Visitors, especially our leg
islators, have been furnished with indis-
putable evidence Of the intellectual
capacity OF the colored race. In this
respect it has been, during the successive
years Of its existence, living witness,
and thus the means of great good to
the whole Of this wronged and oppressed
people. Besides the moral tedency of
the work has always been excellent
In connection with the day school, n
Sunday School has been sustained for
both children and adults, and mission
airy devotes his whole time to the spirit
ual interests Of the village. The same
effort has also produced a literature spec
tally adapted to the wants of this class,
which, issued from the press OF the
society, has found its way into nearly all
the schools within our lines
The Richmond palladium. [volume] (Richmond, Ind.) 1855-1875, 1864-12-21
REAL ESTATE, For Sale.

VUNHE undersigned will receive bids or proposals IN
I'll the 10Th INST noon, for the sale of the follow
ing Real Estate belonging to the Society Of Friends
lot of ground situated between Fort WAYNE Avenue,
Franklin and sassafras streets, containing about
Three-fourths OF acre, with two Frame Buildings
40 bv 60 f. each. The benches in the buildings will
be reserved. Also lot No. SO ). E. Corner of Frank
lin nd Sassafras streets.
Terms. Oue-fourth Of purchase money down, bal
ance in five equal annual payments with interest pay
able annually, secured BY mortgage.
Possession givea from Let OF 10th, LIST of 18th
month 1868
Richmond, 18th Month 9Th 1864.
ROBERT MORRISON,
WILLIAM PARRY,
WILLIAM CAIN. Sen.
BENJAMIN STRATTAN.
rs-City Papers Copy
The Richmond palladium. [volume] (Richmond, Ind.) 1855-1875, 1864-12-21

PHILosoPHY OF EATING The young
cat for three reasons. LIST. To grow; I'd;
To keep warm; Sd. To repair waste
Adults eat for the last two purposes
hence all food contains one OF two ele-
ments, and some kinds both, called nitro
gen and carbon. The nitrogen makes
flesh, sometimes called muscle, and is
the same as lean meat Carbon makes
the fat, and is that which keeps us warm.
Sugar, starch, arrowroot, oil, butter, suet,
and lard have no nitrogen; there ia
nothing in them TO make flesh out Of; all
the nutriment they afford is carbon, the
material for warmth. Infants and young
children would get so chilly as to freeze,
as it were. unless they had something
sweet in their food hence nature has
implanted in them an indispensable taste
for sweet things. The thing the new
born infant needs irst and always is
warmth Butter, oils, and starches
abound also in the heat producing ele-
ments, but they require strong powers
of digestion, are applicable to grown up
persons and to the old; hence as we
grow old we like fat meats, oil, and butter
more.
Ii is in obedience to these laws that
Almighty beneficence and wisdom ha.
impaired relish for oils and fat meats
in Winter, because extra heat is needed
Greenlanders, whose country is always
covered with ice and snow, consider but
ter and lard, and tallow candies, and the
rankest oils the greatest luxuries con
ceivable. But rice, on which many of
warm countries chiefly live, is said 10
contain scarce one per cent. of the fat or
heatproducins element, while oils have
ninety six per cent Of il.
All knew how buckwheat cakes are
relished in Winter; but as Spring comes
on, We begin to lose our appetites for
them. The cakes themselves contain
fifty four per cent Of the fat as heat
producing element, and they arc made
more palatable by spreading butter on
them, and molssses, each being almost
entirely (uinety siN per cent J heat pro-
ducing. ess
But out door workers eat meat and
bread the year round, and never weary of
Il, because twenty two per cent OF the
are fssh-fcrming. give that much power
and strsp0ah to -ork.-HalFs journal Of
HsGih. zzrxs
The Richmond palladium. [volume] (Richmond, Ind.) 1855-1875, 1864-12-21
MATERIALS USED.

OF course to the statistcian this article would
be- very incomplete without some figures. Here
they then: OF -four there 50 barrels per
week used; OF beef 5000 pounds per week in
mincC pie season; OF lard, $500 pounds per
week; Of sugar. 5000 pounds; milk, 2,4o0
quarts per week. The other supplies, such as
fruit. are immense. and not reckoned by US.
There were barrels OF apples and pumpkins in
one room awaiting their fate, and the piles OF
peach baxes told plainly OF what had been and
passed away.
The season governs the kind OF pie most in
demand. OF course, in Summer, frui. pies are
in request; in the Fall, Pumpkin and apple; in
the Winter, mince and dried fault pies, aud so
on. Fourteen different kinds are made and
each is numbered in order, so that by looking at
the number the customer can tell the kind %
pie.
Ii must be borne in mind that the factory is
not the only one of the kind in the city; but it
is the largest. We are told that in the several
establishments $4,000 pies are made daily
From these figures the reader can form some
idea OF the enormous consumption of this article
of food Scientific American.
The Richmond palladium. [volume] (Richmond, Ind.) 1855-1875, 1864-12-21
Colored Patterns in Enlbroloery'
Crotchst, &c

The Work Table department g. TINS Ais'z'ne = w.
10 r;r,iI4 Every number cont tins - zen @T mare
patterns IN every VARIETY Of ancy work; 'r'tGhet'
Emlro,aerv Knitting Kead-wcrk Shell -N"rh lisF,
work &c &c Every montA - tEhtt oi-Di'i1 -
PATTERN FOR SLIPPER, Pc Ro.- or Ch Nix 0hN !.
&c eiven-each OF which, II 4 rrr7fi ~t''re, N2uTs
cost fifty cents y" other Magazine e'eS '1-o'7 ~
ored Patterns.
A, Entirely NV Cook Book. Tue .r7E'l~i
Household receipts of peterson are que ian, Us
For 1862 receipts for every kind OF dish az o. E'lSh
Every one of these Receipts have bera tcstea, ~
yxbole At the end OF t., wear, will make Cook DOCK
in itself This alone viii &c rth toe price e Il SeF
s3n Other receipts for the Toilette, SICK -t;'l &c
will be given.
y.vard Fa<hiorab;c Nrsic- will appear II
every number Also Hints al matters interest
inc 10 Ladies.
The Richmond palladium. [volume] (Richmond, Ind.) 1855-1875, 1864-12-21
TERMS--Always in Advance.

To single subscribers. tie price Of Peterson WI WI
remain a. We have said. TWO DOLLARS j EAh-
RI IN order that friends and negLbors may save mon
v bv clubbing together tie following tempting terms
arc offered viz:
Two Comics one Near, $500. Four Copies
one Ycar 5000. Eight Copies one wear,
$1,000. Fourteen Copies one year, s2o.oo.
Address, postpaid. ohAS. ); ~ lEh,9oN.
The Richmond palladium. [volume] (Richmond, Ind.) 1855-1875, 1864-12-21

BuTrER.-In the 18th chapter of Gene
sis we read of Abraham setting butter be
fore the distinguished guests whom he
entertained.
In Deuteronomy Xxxii--in the song OF
Moses-in the abundance of good things
which God had given to the Isrealites, is
mentioned butter of kline"
In Judges v, in the Song of Deborah,
exultiting over the delivery of the Isra
elites from the hosts of Sisera. and his
army-by the death of Sisera in the tent
of Jeal, the wife of Heber-we read.
She brought forth butter in lordly
dish
In ID Samuel xvii, when King David
was in extremity from the rebellion OF
his son, Absalom, the ged Barzillai, who
was very rich, brought him supplies OF
provisions. among which were "butter
and honey"
In Job xxx he cxclaims, 30 that /
were as in months past, when the almigh-
~ WAS yet with me. when l washed nv
steps with butter"
In Psalm iv it is said, The words OF
his mouth are smoother than butter
In Proverbs xxx it is said, The churn-
ing Of milk bringith forth butter"
In Isaiah vii it is said of the blessed
Savior, Butter and honey shall he eat =
The aboyeis quite sufficient TO estab-
lish the remote antiquity of butter OF
kine.'-f New York Observer.
The Richmond palladium. [volume] (Richmond, Ind.) 1855-1875, 1864-12-21
THE INSIDE OF THE PIE.

We stated that every one knows what the
outside OF pie was; but few OF US know what is
inside. In minee pie, for instance, are
pleased to have an intimate personal knowledge
Of the maker, for there are opportunities in the
construction of this pie for the insertion Of meats
which are not Acknowledged articles Of diet
MIR. Hopkinss mince pies are made daily from
the best fresh beef bought daily from a neighbor
and cooked and minced under his immediate
supervision. The apples smotohe round,
handsome fruit as one could wish to see and the
whole of the operations is carried on with much
neatness.
For pies other than mince, the fruit in the
case Of pumpkin or apple. is cut up and stewed
and afterwards passed through a coilsnder to
reduce it to fine conss ency. Each pie has an
equal quantity init measured by dpper and
great tubs full Of stewed fruit Of various kinds
stands ready for the filters. The baker stands
before his oven continually putting in or taking
out pies. and all the day long the pastry is pass
ing through his hands. The city swallows them
as the oven disgorges them, and from the fur
mace mouths to the threats of the populace there
is but PREF period. The ovens hold $50 pies
at q charge, and as many as AZ ovens. full have
been baked daily
The Richmond palladium. [volume] (Richmond, Ind.) 1855-1875, 1864-12-21
GODEY'S LADY'S BOOK
The Fashion Magazine of the World.

The Fashion Magazine OF the w oflu'
LITERATURE, FINE ARTS, AND FASHIONS;
The most magnificent Steel Engrsvings. DOUBLE
FASHION PLATES. Wood engrayings on every
subject that interest," ladies. Crochet kl'itng,
Netting, Embroidery, Astcles for the Toilet, for the
Parlor the Bnuioir and the Kitchen. Every thing IN
fact TO make a COMPLETE LADY's Book.
The Ladies favorite for 35 Years.
No Magazine has been able to compete with 1t.
None attempt 1t.
GODEY'S RECEIPTS
for every department OF household. These alone
worth the price of Book.
Model Cottage no other Magazine gives them, with
diagrams. ~
other speciality with Cooley.
ORIGINAL MI SIC, worth So year. Other Mag
aznes publish old music: but the subscriber
to Cooley gets it before the music stores.
Gardening for Ladies. Another popularity with
Cooley
Fashions from Messrs. a. T. Stewart & Co, of
New York the mlionair merchants, appear in Cooley,
the only Magazine that has them.
Also, Fashions from the celebrated Borde of New
York.
Ladies Bonnets We give Of them in year
than any other Magazine. In fact, the Ladvs Book
enables every lady 10 be her own bonnet maker.
MARION HARLAND.
Autiore.s Of .sAioae'' "Hidden PATH" Moss .Stde''
"Neraesis' and .Ifrion.,'
writes for Cooley each month and for other maya
zine We have also retained all old and fsvorite
contributors.