New-York daily tribune. [volume] (New-York [N.Y.]) 1842-1866, 1864-04-30

that under such circumstances tie boiling took place by
s0UbresGufS The former has shown that when tho
yapOr liberated by boiling is alswed 70 oehdense,
does NOT altogether collapse into liquid Dut leaves
residual bubble Of permanent gas snd that nj certain
point this evolution becomes uniform. Boiling tleD,
not the result oi merely raising liquid 10 given tenn
perature; it Is something mach complex. Enough
he'd been shown by his experiments to lead TO the con-
cuson that hitherto sinpie boiling in the sense OF
liquid being expanded by heat isto vapOr with 1t
being dccomposed or having pei ms;snt gas ominat
from IT, is a thing unknown. Whether such boiling cas
take place may be regarded as IN open question he
VIVA iacned think IL cannot; tsa water, Tor IN.
stance be absolutely deprived ID it's zuegcn, II would
not boil until some portion decunposrd that the
physical severance Of the molcculM Sy heat is also
chemical severance The constant appearance OF nitro
gen In water when boiled on ont OF contact with toe
air, almost the last drop Is master wen worthy oi
Investigation. He would not speculate on what posi-,
bic chemical connection there may he between air and
water The preponderance of these tvs substances on
tue surface OF our planet snd The pro5abiy hat miro
gen is the inert diuen in rcspiratos that IS gener.
ally supposed. might. give rise 20 not irrational conec
tures ON some unknown bond between ar ard wafer
But would be rash t. announce asy theory On such
pertinent than TO misead by theory without sufficient
daa to lessen the value OF facts by connecting them
with erroneous hypothesis.
PETROLEUM. Z,
At meeting in London, Of gentlemen interested 10
the petroleum trade held the 2th Of March the fol-
lowing resolutions, among others, we're passed;
That the lowest point VI Ignition 81 refined oil bs
100" Fahrenheit
That the gravity Of good merchsntable refined Penn.
sylTsDia petroleum is not 10 exceed .se az tenpera.
furs Of Fab and that thu gravity Of good merchant
able crude penns vania Petroleum is CO. " exceed .s
CT the Same temperature.
The specific gravity .s2 mentioned in the above reso-
luton corresponds with ~ on the scale OF Baume thsa
Of ESQ with Al.
sOLAR SPOTS.
Sir JOIN UERsCHEL in al article In TIE 6rGrter,,
JoHrHsl Of Science throws out the suggestion whether
the original exciting of solar spots mey not be
found ia the circulation Of elliptic ring Of planetary
matter in state OF division sufficiently minute 10 eude
telescope vision. having maj axis such as would
correspond W an average period Of II s years and
eccentrlcty such would bring It's perfection within
the region in question; the matter at the ring being
unequaly distributed It's circuit With a minimum
and maximum following in by All interval somewhat
less than its seIncircumterence. BY assuming certain
conditions the constitution Of snch rne aud ihe
extent Of deviation from exact quantity IN the
periodic tines OF IT'D component clements be finds that
only the shorter period Of II ID years in the recur
Of spots first determined, but also the longer
one OF u years insisted upon by DR. Wolf and various
other changes are susceptible Of exp!sEatlon.
THE GLACIAL EPOCH.
Or. FRANKLAsD recently delivered lecture before
the Royal Institution, OF WIcn vac following are tho
leading points:
l. The effects OF the glecisl epoch were felt over tho
entire globe. 2 THIS epoch occurred ~ geologicaLy
recent period. g. Ii preceded ey period OF indef
mite DURATION in which glacial actiss either alto
gether wanting. was at least p'raigcly nsgnif-
cant T. During its continuance atmospheric precipi-
taton wns much greater and the hgAt Of the line
less than at present. II vss followed by
period extending TO tse present tine, when glacial
became again insignificant lue cole cause OF
tia pheloea Of the glacial epoch vsi the higher tenn
pprstaIe of the ocean. Natures apparatus FOR pro-
duciny ice grad scale Is erapJrsso the ocean,
O cOndc sseT tho air; and recover ts mountains,
which were probably fourth high than The
evaporation IRON the ocean being esoraous there was
q constant precipitation OF condensed yspor on tho
MONTANA where il froze and the form
of ice Il crept down the mountain and Oyerspead the
whole land; and tho overwhelming masses u Ice left
their traces The rock along toe sides II valleys and
transported huge b0deIs from far distant regions AS
tn earth cooled the evaporation frOEa the dmin
sbcd snow and ice 6ss pea s5s Wa present
of things prevailed But the coong Of ssrths
still goes on anl must until it is hod With and
cracks The efoct being the sane vsicE has already
taken place the the neon thus becomes 70 US
prophetic picture OF tao ULTIMATE ass which awaits
our earth.
The selected subject WINS then taken up
The UTILIZATION OP WASTE FRonUCY.
The discussion OF this fruitful theEe was opened BY
Mr. 4. ID. SrErsoS who directed attention ~ the i'm
portenco u utilizing blood hilc In Chicago several
wears ago he noticed the blood II the immense number
of hogs slaughtered there tkrewR into the river
and even the Winter the fsnl eder arising thereirom
was o source Of considerable annoyance. There were
many uses which this blood could have been applied
A million OF hogs ere killed anhsaly ID that city and
one cent saved on each would amount 70 $1,000.
DR. u. D. PARxELEE briefly esumerased tie most i'm
portant applications Of bleed In is arts The class Of
waste products which remanulcpioS as 10 be as
good as new" were alluded TO-. Prominent among
them were "hooped skirts" and e. felt hats The
speaker concluded with description Of some OF the
THE WASTE OF COAL OIL AED PETROLEUM
The introduction Of this topic brought to the foor
Mr LEWIS B. PAGE who said in The FIRST efforts at dis.
filling coal there many products resulting there.
from for which cOrd be found. Tie door OBJ
ieetionab,e and the oil epiirrly compound
not mentioned In the books the chemists knew little about
It, But experiment has been crowned with success.
The oil is white and nearly ocsrtees. The pro-
ducts at fret thrown sway are now used, ana may be
considered indispensable In soEe branches Of the arts.
Parafne OIL Of the products OF coal when mixed
with lard oil makes lub.cator for machinery said 10
be superior TO sperm, IL does not o1d!se or gum
rafHt atp int 1. a
r beeswax il is also mixed With the latter substance
10 form sayes. Below peTsfIe il ptek which used
In making valuable black varnsb and stu below tits
is @ cake which makes COED fuei All the products OF
sos oil above psragino il specific gravity, used
ignnatos the amount VI nophtha not large. and 10
generally mixed with the heavier products forming tic
oil II may be added. that tso beautiful aDiDe dyes.
obtained from she coal residuun fo5nd In
nllctores may also DO ATTRACTED IL small qlantiiieo
from coal oil waste, but il is not an economical source
With regard ~ crude fock I'll or petroleum, 1t may
new be SAID that It's products have useful applications.
The lighter conpoasds varying rom IS 70 % l'aumes
scsle) known a. nspht1I AID form peylect sub
ing the illuminating substance kaown burning
fluid" The still lighter product ranging from o. 10
rs Baum6 is called bcnsine. and is substitute for
camphsn il "a also used FOR cleaning wool and WOODEN
clcth and Cor dssoying adiarubser. The product Of
petroleum ranging from = 10 - Is UsoS as an iiumlnat-
Ing oil Tie crude prodaet sss. - and above 80 Is
hen mixed with hassed oil for painting lt is also
found 10 be very valuable 20 tie carrier III finishing
leather. Below 30 the product Is resdaum
and is used for making gas. The 81 Nicholas Hotel.
in the City Of New YORK, Is lightss by IT, which eReets
saving Of about sl0.o0 pN snnun. a. compared with
The cost Of lighting that estass4mesi With ordinary
coal gas.
In refining crude petroleum. large quantity OF sui
phurc acid is used After Il had bseA employed in tho
Treatment Of petroesn 4 was i',m.LS iooSes upon a.
OF perphosphate Of lime. ~ b. ussd in tie dissoyins
VI bones. -
"A sliNteg ah.sW