davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Fremont journal. [volume] (Fremont, Sandusky County [Ohio]) 1853-1866, 1864-10-07
How are you Copperhead!
$500 OOI4LARS!

OFFER to bet 1000 Dollars that Abraham Lincoln
will be elected the next President of the United
States. ff-s Hs.fif te - f-r-,sif..t. t
Ialso offer to bet 100 Dollars each of the following
named Sates that they will cast their Electoral vote for
Abraham Lincoln, viz Maine, New Hampshire, Vermont
Massachusetts, Rhode Island, Connecticut New York.
Pennsylvania, Delaware, Maryland New Jersey, West
Virginia, Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, Iowa. Kansas, Bnneso-
ta Kentucky, Michigan, Mississippi, Oregon, California
Missouri and Wisconsin. 20 = s9iS
l offer the the above $500 Dollars in one stake, or
will divide it follows 900 that Lincoln will the
next President. Or $500 on the 25 Statesal to be
taken together Just pleases the who comes to
time. II the above sum is too large propose any sum
from 81 to 81 900 that Lincoln viii be elected. The
ey be deposited in of the Fremont Banks within
three days after the wager is accepted. tt
Ioflerfurther, to marry any Union woman who will
bring person who will scceptthe above bet, who
will herselfput up like sum on the same terms.
BARNHART KLINE
York townshin Oct. s. 1864. ~ - ~ lI.l
Fremont journal. [volume] (Fremont, Sandusky County [Ohio]) 1853-1866, 1864-10-07
VOTERS!

Theday of elcction is almost at hand. Are
the Union men ready? Is every schoo dis
trict canyasse,l, aud the uamc of every Union
voter placed un "A list winch can he checked as
each voter deposits his vote on election day, SO
that the delinquents can be looked after and
got TO the polls. Onr election this year dhough
for humanity S sake am ashamed To say it) is
to be a very close one, and one two votes in
each township not pnlled may lose the cleo
tiOn of our member of Congress. Where is the
Union man that would not rather lose week s
time thar have W. r. Noble elected TO Com
gressa III do not miIudgc hin,, which have
no wish TO do, he stands-ons all questions Of any
importance precisely. where Vallandigham
stands. What is the record Of the two candi-
dates, Gen Buckland and W.sP. Nobie2 Why,
the stock in trade Of Mr. Noble while in Con-
gress was TO vote against the administration
and its measures for. saving the country and
while at home giving aid and comfort to the en-
envy bycryipg peace, peace, when there could
be no peace, and helping onthe copperhead cry
that the "war is an abolition war; that the war
has been carried on for four years without ac-
coh'IaSii'e anything ana t''at Tue ''o"'h can
not be conquered. ~
"h'ie 'h'S mas oeeh do'nt5' ueii' bucRianu'
patriot by inheritance, principle and education,
early in the war abandoned the quiet comforts
anu Vi no'''' o"chieu eh ms 'fi"of
'',' 80 ~ oi' VI ."' ''''"o '''
-:
''' ''-'s, ,'9' '.o.,s, ~ MP ',,'
u'e' elAs- nv -aoiy ""''
'.9 ,,''s $500. - A-.' p,ss'
40 - s..o 49, - ''aAo ~-. !"
s''0 s"o u you erooSe. ne oHo i,''
Dse" ''iu - . " ms
ono W''o i's's ooen '.,n = W '',s " '@so '"o
~ nav y 20, =
~ :,
,o' :. :. :. o.s -
e,'.s,.' aDe = - 49,
: o.',e' ~ y, .'.,t fO
nis oe eptasssy' s.eii sou' ny sieiiow '"'''e'
'l'eie 10 d iet' "eS"eoh '''inS ioi
man l IN these tlmes VINO IS Trying 10 save ms
coui''y ane o"e "p'iS 'h'lieo'lS "oiAins WIN
""'''.' y" o'e''nio" III
OF" ''""'' "OU summing tn' 'eooii'''i' "
."''' '""'' 0ol'ei '"' 'V''''' 'p''s s'1 "'''
70 "'' "' w nos iou'
,, "'J
'"'"e 0' 'Ho s'''''""'''''
D'' y, . """NiuPs '''"Suy' ou,
navy Soi'u W, aie'o" o''i oou'ue.h '''s anu
i''en"i' 'oiNeu O"' Al ",' anu i'a'i''iohS Vi war
''e" y oui "''nSs '1o'' o"' amy "'ei'S aii1e' u
anu Put i"'o oouVhe'h gan 'a'ns e'eNeii o.'''es
Fremont journal. [volume] (Fremont, Sandusky County [Ohio]) 1853-1866, 1864-10-07
@1>
CIRCULAR,
STATE UNION Executive COMMITTEE Rooms
CoLIMBIrS ] OHIo, Sent l96 1861

STATE UNION EXECUTIVE Committee Rooms,
COLUMBUS, ONO, Sept. &c, 1864.
10 the Central Committee Of .-- County, Ohio:
The day of Election is near at hand. See
that your Townships are thoroughly organized,
and complete list Of the Union voters in the
hands of several active men at the polls. See
that every Union man is on hand, and puts in
his vote. Beware of illegal and fraudulent votes
Let no man vote who is not legally entitled to
do SO. Look out for deserters and skulkers
from the draft who will try to vote in other
counties than their OWL, Let these men be
marked, and let the punishment of desertion as
well as that of fraudulent voting, follow them
One thing more: Let the law with regard TO
closing all liquor shops be strictly enforced and
in addition to this, let every business rnan close
his house on the day of election, aud repair ear
ly to the polls Let the merchant the mechanic
the professional man, and the labofing man, all
give the day TO the cause of the country aud
the Union The times demand The services of
every man "A secret aud ttatorous foe is in
our midst and actively at work. We must de-
feat him. One day S work; men of the Union
party, one days faithful and earnest work, and
all is we'll Work for yourselves and yourchil-
dren against men who will sell your country TO
rebels and traitors.
By order of the Committee,
G. VOLNEY DORSEY, Chairman.
JAMES WILLIAMS Secretary.
Fremont journal. [volume] (Fremont, Sandusky County [Ohio]) 1853-1866, 1864-10-07
A Secret Traitor at home is
worse than an open enemy in
the field.
ONE DAY FOR THE COTNTRy.

We notice movement of Union men in all
the large towns, throughout the State, to en-
tirely suspend their business ON Tuesday next
and devote the whole day to the cause of the
Country and the Union. We would like to see
this done in Fremont. If every Union man
would suspend his business and assist in look
ing up the careless and Negligent voters, we
might have $50 to 300 more Union votes in San
dusky county. Let the merchant the me-
chanic, and the laboring man devote the 18th
day of October To working for the Union at the
polls.
Fremont journal. [volume] (Fremont, Sandusky County [Ohio]) 1853-1866, 1864-10-07
Our Soldiers i'm the field want
the aid and support Of all Union
men at home. Give them that at
the ballot box next Tuesday.

Washington, October 3.-The subscriptions
TO 1he 7-30 loan reported al the Treasury De-
partment to-day amount TO ST. ,0S6, 200, for the
last two days 81, ,S9l, 900.
We have been advertising this Loan in the
JouRNAL for thepast two months. Many thou
sands of dollars have been taken by our citizens.
If any one has from $5Oto $40, 900 to invest,
we advise them toPut il in United States 7-30s.
Ii is safe, pays interest mi-annually, and is
always convertible, at pleasure into cash;-be-
sides you help the Government as well as your
selys. f+ fs..s.,i- sr-s
Fremont journal. [volume] (Fremont, Sandusky County [Ohio]) 1853-1866, 1864-10-07
Bayonets for Copperheads in
the Field; Ballots for Copper
heads at home. They fear both.
GLORIOUs VICTORIES.

Ii Grant and Sheridan are winning glorious VIC
tories in the field. Let the loyal voters at
home remember that the way to help our gal
liant soldiers IN the army is for every county in
Ohio to give Tousing Union majority at the
ballot box ON Tuesday next. Examine your
ticket closely and see that all the Union can
sdidates are on it. Great efforts are being made
to defeat the gallant soldier, Gen. R. P. Buck
land for Congress. 'R
Fremont journal. [volume] (Fremont, Sandusky County [Ohio]) 1853-1866, 1864-10-07
Union or DiSUniOn. Choose We
which cause you will serve.
Vermont and Maine.

These two States lately voted and have given
immense Union majorities. Ohio will speak
on Tuesday next Her voice viii be not less
than $4,000 to $4,000 Union majority for the
Union ticket Sandusky county ought to stand
in the column of Union maiorities Her loyal
men can, place her there if they viii. Rally
then, every man
Fremont journal. [volume] (Fremont, Sandusky County [Ohio]) 1853-1866, 1864-10-07
Sale

XNTILL be sold at the late residence of Henry Lance
w deceased in Madison township, 8 miles southwest
of Hesve the old Reed farm the personal property
of said decedent
Friday, the 14th day of October, 1864,
commencing at 10 O'Clock, A. NJ the property, to wit:
Two Horses, mch Cows, Z Young Cattle, Hogs,
Wagon, Carriage double Harness. Plows, Shovel
Plows, Tanning Mill, and various Farming Utensils.
TERMS.-Al sums of SO and under, Cash, over So a
credit nine months All notes to be amply secured
- .itff ffe# DAVID SH0UP,
II. N. OVERMIER,
Hessville, Sept 80, 1854 40w1 Adm'rs.
Fremont journal. [volume] (Fremont, Sandusky County [Ohio]) 1853-1866, 1864-10-07

Remember next Tuesday is TO
decide whether Sandusky COTn-
ty shall be represented i'm Cong
ress by a Loyal man or a sympa-
thiZer with traitors. If YOU de-
sire a Union man and gallant SOL
dier vote for Gen. BUckIamd.
Fremont journal. [volume] (Fremont, Sandusky County [Ohio]) 1853-1866, 1864-10-07
Union Meetings.

The citizens of Sandusky county will be adj
dressed on the issues of the day at the follow
ing times and places:
At GREEN SPRINGS, on Saturday Even
ing, October Sth, by Judge John L. Greene, of
Fremont, and speaker to be supplied from
Tifiin!" .n
At WoODVILLE, Saturday afternoon Sep
tember 9Th, by H. Everett Esq, and others.
Fremont journal. [volume] (Fremont, Sandusky County [Ohio]) 1853-1866, 1864-10-07
OhIo. PennsrIrnnin. nnd IndInnn.

Vote on Tuesday next for State and county
officers, and for members of Congress. We be-
ievc that each of these States viii give large
Union majorities, and gain largely in Union
congressman. This State elected to the last
Congress FIVE Union and fourteen Democratic
members We think this win be reversed. and
possibly one or two better.
Fremont journal. [volume] (Fremont, Sandusky County [Ohio]) 1853-1866, 1864-10-07

We hope the Union men of each township
will bring in The returns to Fremont ON Tues
day night. The Union Head Quarters will be
at the Committee Room in CLApr's Building
We want to know that night the exact vote of
each township. ~ s7 Hf- gafE
Fremont journal. [volume] (Fremont, Sandusky County [Ohio]) 1853-1866, 1864-10-07
PATRIOTIC WORDS.

SIN your hands, my dissatisfied Coun-
trymen, and not mine, is the momentuous
issue of civil war. The Government will
not assaiI you; you can have no conflict
without yourselves being the aggressor;
you have no oath registered in Heaven to
destroy the Government, while shall
have the most solemn one to preserve,
protect and defend it."-LincoIn's Inaugural.
Fremont journal. [volume] (Fremont, Sandusky County [Ohio]) 1853-1866, 1864-10-07
Elect the Union Ticket and
you elect honest and efficient
men.
UnIon nIen Of sandusI.y counly,

Remember that Tuesday next is the day of
election. No Union man should be absent from
the polls ON that day. Vote yourself early in
the morning. Then devote the rest of the day
to the cause and know for a certainty that
every other Union vote is secured. Sandusky
county can and ought 20 give a Union majority
on the IIth.
Fremont journal. [volume] (Fremont, Sandusky County [Ohio]) 1853-1866, 1864-10-07
sTRAYED OR STOLEN,

a. MISSED from the enclosure of the subscriber
~ in WoodviIle township, about the 18th Sep
tember, SMALL dark gray MARE about years DID, left
hind foot white, and has wart her left flank. Any
returning said Mare giving information of her
whereabouts, that may get her shall be beraly
warded JOHN KOPP
miles west of woodvilie south of the Turnpike
October, I, 1861 4Ow3e
Fremont journal. [volume] (Fremont, Sandusky County [Ohio]) 1853-1866, 1864-10-07
MAYOR,s PROCLAMATION.

NTHEREAS, the General Assembly of the State of
w Ohio has passed act to prohibit selling Civ
ing away any spirtuous, vinous, malt liquor the
day of any election in the State of OhiO and requiring
all persons engaged in the le thereof to close their
ing every violation of said act by ne and Imprisonment
and Whereas said act requires the Mayor of ncorpora
ted villages &c. to make proclamation warning the in
habitants Of the provisions of said act.
Now, I L. Q. RAwsON, Mayor of the Incorporated viii
lage of Fremont do hereby make known to and all
the inhabitants of said village that said law is now in
force and that the penalties thereof will be strictly
forced and that al violations of said law viii subject the
offender to prompt and speedy punishment and the Mar
shai and Police of said village hereby required to close
all houses therein found violating said act any future
election day. Given at tine Mayors Office, Fremont,
Ohio, October 5th, 1884. 1913 fE<s
L. Q. RAwSON, Mayor.
By ID. W. KREBs Recorder.
Fremont journal. [volume] (Fremont, Sandusky County [Ohio]) 1853-1866, 1864-10-07
ELECTION. OCT. nth.

= Turn out, every Union man! A full
vote insrires greatvictory; and Union
victory at the baIlot-box will soon bring
peace to the Nation, for the, only reliance
of the rebels now, is in the success of the
Connerhaads.
Fremont journal. [volume] (Fremont, Sandusky County [Ohio]) 1853-1866, 1864-10-07
$40 to $40 a Day.

A GENTS WANTED To- SELL THE IMPROVED
n Little Giant Sewing Machine,
The best Cheap Machine the United States. We are
giving commission by which the above wages can be
made, we will employ Agents at S75 month and
penses paid For particulars and terms address, with
stamp. .jFsstt T. S. PAGE, Gen. Agent,
Oct I. 1864. Emo Toledo. Ohio.
Fremont journal. [volume] (Fremont, Sandusky County [Ohio]) 1853-1866, 1864-10-07
FINAL SETTLEMENT.

ACOB BILLAU as Guardian of Frederick MartiH has
- filed his account in the Office of the Probate Court
for the na settlement of said estate which will be heard
the I'D day of October, A. D. 1864 at o'clock PM
of said day. s.a--- 3. = - z WM. S. RUSSELL
Fremont, o., 40w3s Probate Judge
Fremont journal. [volume] (Fremont, Sandusky County [Ohio]) 1853-1866, 1864-10-07

On the day when Sheridan victory over
Early was announced in New York, rebel
prisoners marching through Washington cheer
ed for Mcclellan and groaned for Lincoln.-
What was the cause of the difference?
Fremont journal. [volume] (Fremont, Sandusky County [Ohio]) 1853-1866, 1864-10-07
New Po.t Onice E.tnhlisl,ed.

Phe Post Office Department have established
new Post Office at Washington Station on the
@. at. r. r. The name of the Office is sLoos;''
VIM. overmyer, Postmaster.
Fremont journal. [volume] (Fremont, Sandusky County [Ohio]) 1853-1866, 1864-10-07

Our Soldiers sacrifice their
lives for the Union. Shall we
refuse to sacrifice one, days
time and business. aseff tna s
Fremont journal. [volume] (Fremont, Sandusky County [Ohio]) 1853-1866, 1864-10-07

Union men, are you doing all you can to fur
ther the cause2 If not, begin now. Do not let
an idle day go by. Hold meetings, distribute
documents, circulate newspapers, be missiOna-
ries to every doubtful man.
Fremont journal. [volume] (Fremont, Sandusky County [Ohio]) 1853-1866, 1864-10-07
THE TICKETS.

Some of the Townships have not yet got their
tickets. Let this matter be attended Go to-day
Or Tomorrow Call at the JOURNAL OFFIoE and
get them. F
Fremont journal. [volume] (Fremont, Sandusky County [Ohio]) 1853-1866, 1864-10-07
Oar Next Representative in Congress.

During the last four years. Including the
most dark and trying time of thus Republic.
the 9th Congressional District has been basely
niSrepreseuted 10y Warren 7. Noble, shining
smooth skinned CopPerhead of the most dan
gerous and poisonous class Subtle, cool, ST..
lent and insinuatiRg, he is gliding among the
people, dilTusng rank poison borrowed from
the lips of VaIlandigham- wherever he goes.
Sinking the discussion of his principles and
actions, and snake-like kissing falsehOod at has
competitor behind his back.
This too, in District which in fact can give
if it will, a handsome Union majority. We
earnestly appeal to the Union voters Of the Dis
trict 70 kill this snake at the next election.
Especially do We appeal to the loyal men Of
Sandusky county, who should be proud of the
honor conferred upon them by the nomination
of Gen. Buckland, and proud too of the man
himself, Ito work, work hard and see TO it, that
this disgrace of being thus made subseryient 20
JEFF. Davis and his host of traitors, be wiped out.
The Oopperheads are secretly but perfectly or
ganized; every man of them is enrolled, and will
be brought TO the polls.
Union menl be warned in time Vote every
man of you, or Noble will for two years more
give your power and influence TO the rebel cause
Fremont journal. [volume] (Fremont, Sandusky County [Ohio]) 1853-1866, 1864-10-07
soLpIERs. REnIEnLRER,

If you vote for Warren P. Noble for Con-
gress, you will support man who always yo-
ted against your interest, and who sought by
every means in his power TO put obstacles in
the way Of the Government, and who by his
acts, and by his votes shows that he would ra-
ther have jeff Davissnd his traitorous associ-
atesrule the country than Abraham Lincoln
Noble is Valiandigham man, and should he
be reelected, viii continue to oppose the loyal
Fremont journal. [volume] (Fremont, Sandusky County [Ohio]) 1853-1866, 1864-10-07

Every vote cast for Warren p. Noble, is a
vote for the success of traitors and the traitors
caure
Fremont journal. [volume] (Fremont, Sandusky County [Ohio]) 1853-1866, 1864-10-07
REMEMRERi FuRTHER

That it was by the advice and sanction of No
bic and his associates, that the attempt was
made last fall to disfranchise the soldiers by
having the Soldiers Voting Law declared un-
constitutional
Fremont journal. [volume] (Fremont, Sandusky County [Ohio]) 1853-1866, 1864-10-07
Our soldiers fight for the Un-
ion. Let us all vote for it.
From the Toledo Blade.
GENERAL BUCKLAND.


We take pleasure in giving place to the fol-
lowing volutary tribute TO the military, civil
aud personal qualities of Gen. Il. z. BUoKLAED,
the Union nominee for Congress in the 9Th dis
trict The initials are not new to the readers of
the Blade, and will be recognized by many as
those of gentleman holding military rank,
but charged with duties giving him superior
opportunities TO judge whereof he writes; while
to those who know him we need not say that he
is distinguished for close discrimination of men
aud extreme prudence; in. the expression of
opinions touching others. Probably no one
officer of the government has had better oppor-
tunities for becoming acquainted with the serv-
ices of the ocaloficials in the Mississippi VAL
ley, than has he, having spent nearly three years
on and near that stream, while his duties bring
him in personal intercourse with all military
commanders located along the same. AVS
We are glad to be able to present. this testi-
mony to the people of the 9th district, trusting
that they will appreciate and act upon it. The
writer says:
Fremont journal. [volume] (Fremont, Sandusky County [Ohio]) 1853-1866, 1864-10-07

THE STATE OF OHIO D. ts-
COUNTY OF SANDUSKY. LA. II. MILLER, Cashier
ftgf: Il 5Ns of the First National Bank
of Fremont. State of Ohio do sOemnly that the
above steets true to the best of my knowledge and
belief. A. H. MILLER.
Sworn to- subscribed before me- this third day of
October, A. D. 1864. r. W. b. MCCLELLAN,
40 - = Notary Public Sandasky County, Ohio.
Fremont journal. [volume] (Fremont, Sandusky County [Ohio]) 1853-1866, 1864-10-07
@. w. PAGE,

ATTORNEY AT LAW AND NOTARY PUBLIC.
Insurance. Real Estate and General Collecting Agent for
all kinds Of War and Patent Claims.
CLYDE, - - sandusky county, Ohio.
Fremont journal. [volume] (Fremont, Sandusky County [Ohio]) 1853-1866, 1864-10-07
Notice to Teachers.

Notice to Teachers.
EXAMINATIONS will be held at the Central Union
IL School Building Saturday, October 1st, Sth and
I'D; Nov. 9Th, and 18th; Dec. Sd and l7th This will
close the examina tionB for Winter Schools -
Each candidate must provide himsefor herself with
paper and pencil and leave with the Examiners an en-
velope and postage stamp. s.s
Especial attention is also called to the annexed extract
from the 9TH section OF the New School Law which am
ends the 45th sectionto read as follows:
'As condition of examination, each male applicant
for certificate shall pay the Board of Examiners
thirty cents and all the money received by the Ex-
smners, on said shall be paid quarterly to the
County Treasurer" Z. BUSHNELL,
ez tsu saaas H. 4. CLARKE,
fA-Iafs +. n. CHM,
Fremont, Sept 80, 1854. Examiners.
Fremont journal. [volume] (Fremont, Sandusky County [Ohio]) 1853-1866, 1864-10-07
County Fair 18th, 18th, and
14th of October.
CBOOsING SIDES.

If any one is at a loss on which side TO range
himself in the present political canvass we pre-
sent below something to assist him in making
choice, namely, list of names Of prominent
persons who are in favor of Mr.. Lincoln's re-
election, and another list of persons who are in
favor of the election of Mcclellan Any man
who loves the Union, and desires its mainten-
ance and perpetuation, will find it easy to Sc
lect his side, when ne sees who it is that sup
ports the different tickets:
For Lincoln and John For Mcclellan and PEN
son, and the Union and dletOa, and negOtiG-
ConStitattion: ton aoiA armed rebels
Ulysses s. Grant, George w. Jones,
W T. Sherman, @. L. Vallandigham,
Philip Sheridan, Alexander Long,
George q. Meade, James W. Wall,
Joseph Hooker Fitz John Porter
B. F. Butler, Thomas II. Seymour,
VIM. S. Rosecrans, d. w. Vorhees,
A. Burnside, George Sanders,
n p Banks, Lazarus w. Powell
John A. Logan @. A. Wickliffe,
John A. Dix, Franklin Pierce
It. +. Meagher. Fernando Wood,
d. E. Sckles, Horatio Seymour,
Admiral Farragut S. l.. III. Barlow,
Lewis Cass, Isaiah Rynders
John +. Wool, James Buchanan,
Edward Everett, The London Times
Daniel S. Dickinson, CONGRESSMAN Harris,
John Brough August Belmont,
David Tod Samuel Medary,
George A. Mccall Don Carlos Buell.
James B. Steedman. Warren p Noble.
...f. -------------- I-lt
Fremont journal. [volume] (Fremont, Sandusky County [Ohio]) 1853-1866, 1864-10-07
Henry Lance,s Estate.

F1laE undersigned have been appointed and duly quail
fled as administrators of the estate of Henry Lance
deceased All persons interested viii take due notice
= DAVID SHOUP.
II. N. OVERMIER,
Sent, 90 1851, 40W3 Adm'ra
Fremont journal. [volume] (Fremont, Sandusky County [Ohio]) 1853-1866, 1864-10-07

Let no Union man stay away
from the polls next Tuesday, Wn-
less he would suffer remOrse ever
after. If you are n true Patriot
sacrifice business rather than
loose your vote. tee 81
Fremont journal. [volume] (Fremont, Sandusky County [Ohio]) 1853-1866, 1864-10-07
BRING In THE VOTE.

Let the Union Vote crush the
COPperhe;ld Snake.
Fremont journal. [volume] (Fremont, Sandusky County [Ohio]) 1853-1866, 1864-10-07

To obtain these letters the applicant call for ad-
uerised letters and give the date of the and pay one
cent foradvertsing. not called month they
will be sent to the Dead Letter Office. =, sod
% h. r. SHOMC. Postmaster
Fremont journal. [volume] (Fremont, Sandusky County [Ohio]) 1853-1866, 1864-10-07

4 ETTERS remaining unclaimed in the
\ Post Office at Fremont, State of Ohio, on the 9th
ny of Oc3OFer 1861
Fremont journal. [volume] (Fremont, Sandusky County [Ohio]) 1853-1866, 1864-10-07

Friday. October Z, 1864.
Fremont journal. [volume] (Fremont, Sandusky County [Ohio]) 1853-1866, 1864-10-07

York township, Oct. 8, 1854.