New-York daily tribune. [volume] (New-York [N.Y.]) 1842-1866, 1864-09-03

The Italian Government has just published
the result of the first census taken since the an
nexation Of the, formerly, independent Italian
States to Sardinia and the establishment Of the
Kingdom of Italy. According to this census
the Kingdom Of Italy contains population Of
~ ~, 33i souls. 1t is. consequently, the fifth
Power Of Europe, a. regards the number Of in
habitants, being only excoled by Russia, France,
England and Austria. 1t is superior in this re-
spect to Spain, of which the territory is twice as
extensive, and TO Prussia, Of which the area is
likewise greater. In density Of population it ex-
ceeds France and Prussia. but remains behind
Belgium, the most denscly populated country of
Europe, next to England and Holland. Lom-
hardy and Sicily are the provinces in which the
population has increased most rapidly Of late
Year, Sardinia aud the Neapotan provinces
come next, while in Piedmont the increase has
been much less.
But Italy il not merely one of the first pow
ers of Europe in point Of population. Under
the administration of wise statesmen, il is rapid
ly developing its vast resources. II has rcor-
ganized the army and il is building mp power
ful navy, which will rival the glorious times Of
the republics of Venice and Genoa. Being al
ready possessed of oil the strength of a great
power, it has by common consent been recog-
nized by the five governments, which hitherto
have been regarded as the great powers OF Eu-
rope, as their equal.
Especially noteworthy is the progress which
popular education has made throughout the
whole Peninsula since the establishment Of the
kingdom of Italy. The instruction given to the
people Is gratuitous; the popular schools being
at the expense Of the municipality. The Coy
ernmcnt affords help in cases of necessity, when
the municipality is too poor TO pay. The schools
are inspected through superintendent appoint
ed by Government. In order to form some no.
ton of the progress which has been made, 1t VIII
be sufficient to state that the Neapolitan prov
inccs divided into 1855 oommuri, or municipal
ties) possessed, in 1861, only 1854 schools at
tended by 80, SCI boys, and 77S female schools,
attended by 1912 girls.
In November, 1862, scarcely year later, the
number of schools had already increased to
.GO3. with 6O,050 boys in attendance, and the
female schools, which had risen 10 the number
of 922. had an increased attendance of 30,567
girls. To the above may be added a large num-
Der of evening schools for the instruction o
adults and all such persons as cannot afford
time for the requirement Of instruction during
the day. They are frequently opened through
popular subscription, and sometimes aided by
the gratuitous help of gentlemen and students
who give their time and attention to the instruc-
ton of the working classes
The consolidation OF the kingdom Of italy is
one of the most important results which has
thus far attended the aspirations of the dismem-
bered nationalities of Europe for freedom and
unity. A few YEARS ago unitoj Italy was
only dream; dream for which the noblest
patriots had long striven and suffered in vain,
but which nevertheless did not seem to approach
nearer realization. Then patriotic King
was found who placed himself at the head OF
the national movement and gave to 1t a center;
a great statesman (Cavour,) with eminent abil-
ity, guided the enthusiasm Of the nation TO a
glorious success, while an illustrious hero Gar
ibaldi) assisted him in breaking down the oppo-
sition of the greatest Of Italian despots, the
King Of Naples.
All the prominence that Italy has now ac-