, 1864-02-09

Speccl1-Donnfd Mckay and the
nrisien Navfes--Army Appropriation
EmancipatIon--TleS Second AnnIyer-
kaFy OF the Chrl1tiau Commissions
The Internal Revenue Rll1--Examf-
nation OF Officers of the Army-spicy
Speech.
From our Regular Correspondent
WASHINGTON Feb. 4, 1854.
TIE RECIPROCITY THEAT1-MR. MoRn1LL's
sPEECu.
Mr.. Morrill,, Of Vt, has made a strong
speech in the House, urging early action on
his joint resolution for the termination Of the
Reciprocity Treaty with Great Britain reln-
tive to her Canadian possessions. Mr. Mer-
rilrs speech wns very able and very elabo-
rate one, and 1t is impossible to do justice to
1t In the limits Of n short letter, or to giTe
anything more than some Of the principal sta
tistics introduced by him to fortify his posi-
ton, which is that the Treaty is q positive in
jury to the United States, especially our pro-
ducing classes in the Northwest. According
to Mr.. Morrill,, in the four years from 1850 to
1858, inclusive, the imporfations, free Of duty,
from Canada to the United states were s4,-
107, ,5aa, while the importations paying duty
were sl5, ,0o2, ,6S4, or nearly four times greater.
But the importations free of duty, after the
treaty took effect, In four years, from 1856 to
1853, Inclusive, were SIS, ,419, ,925, and those
subject to duty had fallen of In the same time
to S2, ,150. 1874, or only one in twenty eight
In 1858, when the United States collected
duties On s3l3,95S In value of Canadin pro-
duction, those Of American labor on which
duties were paid In Canada amounted to S,-
524, sos. During 1856, 1857 and 1858, the
amount Of American industry taxed In Cana
IN productions taxed in the United States
In 1856, the articles received from Canada,
and made free Of duty by the treaty, amount
ed to $17,810,GS4. Says Mr. Morrill,: *'By the
treaty the ancient laws Of trade haYc been
subverted, and our exports to Canada, which
formerly largely exceeded our imports, are
now greatly less, They sell to us, but 60
elsewhere TO buy." (And here may correct
Mr. Morrill,. By the communication Of the
Secretary Of the Treasury, Just transmit
ted to the House, from which It appears
that our domestic products and manufactures
exported to Canuda under the treaty for the
year lst;s. amounted to about $3.50 ,ooo,
same period was only 81, 900. TIC ex-
ports OF bIeadstufIs increased from $4,000
In 1849 to g, 9,5S8, 900. Our exports of manu-
lactnrcs have been reduced from s., ,1sG, 900
IN 1859. to 81, 81 600 in 1868. But may not
this be caused By the war tlverting our man
uiacturcs to articles Of military ncccssIty?)
Mr. Morrill, proceeds to statc, that the i'm
ports from Canada for the last eight fiscal
years averaged in value SIG, ,64S, ,62j, Of which
only IN average Of S467, ,48S paid duty on en-
tering the United States. Canadian tables
show that for eight years, 1872 to 1862, in
ports to Canada paid duty, and $40, az, 600
were free. It will be seen that we art charg-
ed by them with duty on an average value
ofSS, So, 900 more than they are charged by us.
Says Mr.. Morrill,: {" In the first four years
after tue treaty came into operation It re-
ceiyed Of The 1ist Of articles named in the
treaty So8, 51, Col in value more than Canada
received from us." ('1s this a fair state
menty The articles received from Canada
were doubtless her produce, which enabled
her to bny our manufactures. Had we not
taken her produce she could not hare taken
our manufactures, in which We make such
large profits md which gives so much and
says that the amount of revenue collected on
articles imported from Canada is profitable
enough Bul ure not such articles generally
u1anu!actur'd d products whichwe eitherimpoft
from Great Britain or produce ourselves?
take it to be the benefit ofthe Reciprocity Trea-
the trade and manufacture 1t encourages.
According to the Secretary OF the Treasury
this is very great, so great that the balance
OF trade between Canada and US is much
more in our favor than that between us and
Great Britain, which latter was never so pro-
dnctiye as it has been for the last few years.
The balance Of trade with Canada is nearly
so per cent. In our favor. may be wroag,
but It appears TO me that the United States
was fast becoming manufacturing country
for Canada, and Canada producing country
for the United States; and we also make 50
much out Of her, that Of her productions
which We do no not consume ourselves.
we arc enabled to ship to Great
Britain and other countries, and make money
BY the operation. 4 New England manutac-
turer, or New York or Pennsylynnian mcr-
chnnt or manufacturer, should be the last
to ask for the abrogation Of the reciprocity
treaty, iudging even from Mr.. Morrilrs fig
the Treasury would be cutting Oft this mar
ket By the destruction of the treaty. He
would throw 1t entirely upon the St. Law
renee ard BY the Canadian railways into the
exclusive hands Of Grent Britain, or By pro-
libition compel the Canadians themselves to
turn manufacturers. Perhaps in the event OF
abrogntion New England men would be but
too glad to 60 over there with their business,
allnred By low taxes, cheap labor and cheaper
provisions. Let us pause before tive cut off
our nose to spite cur face" The gist Of the
reciprocity treaty consists In the benefit to
our trade and manufactures, and securing o
market to Canadian products. Now, is not
this mutually beneficial operation. 'Donot
our railroade, and factories, &c, get employ
ment, !and of the articles of Canadian pro-
duction exported, do we not get the benefit
of the trundling, the carriage By land and
sea, &c: In, fact We to that extent become
to Canada What city becomes to the region
Of country around It. And who will deny
but that the 1argest amount Of profit in a
country, in proportion 10 the capital invest
ed, and even labor expended, accrues to the
merchant and manufacturer :.
DONALD N'kAT AND oUR AND TIE BRITISH Ma
vIEs.
Mr.. Grimes, us noticed, presented COM
mun1cat1on to tie Senate, which WIS received
by him from the celebrated ship-b1ildcr Dom
aid Mckay. Among other facts, Alr. Mckay
Etates that our sjdc-Wheel steamers arc much
better and faster thar theirs. This Is true,
but tue reason Is that the British Admiralty
haye almost altogether excluded this class or
ships from their navy. They are now only
az fast as they become worn out they are bro
ken up and replaced By new steamers. On
the 5ther hand, be says:
I'VE have no ships to compare with the Mersey
Britieh navy Which carr: powerful batteries, have
great steam power, and are very fast. For in
ktance, the Mersey fdgate tonnage s, nc, dtaught
length of he stoie hoIe o. boer IN lis
over IS feet, having g. furnaces,) speed at meas
ured mile, Stokes Bay, 1889 knots. The Mime
sota class Of figates are their equals In armament
Tut not in epctd.''
But he Eays:
''Our screw gunboats are vastly superior to the
English and French gunboats, both In speed, bat
tert, and general efficiency, also for operations on
onf coast their very light draueht Of water makes
them valuable arm Of offence"
Hegiyes the speed Of some Of the British
and some Of our screw gunboats, as follows;
Speed per hour.
Tons Knots.
Rocpou. ,4G7 u
Pearl. 400 11.>1
pyladea ea.-............-...1,215 1911
Satellite. ,4B2 1f.t4
"As mention ahoye, these are the fastest Of
c1aes that correspond with the Sacramento and
other OF cur new s'oops, and have IN average
drnught Of from twenty to twenty-five feet Of
water. These vessels would be entirely insults
bic for operations On our coast, owing to their