The Tipton advertiser. [volume] (Tipton, Cedar Co., Iowa) 1856-1962, 1864-02-04
CALHOUNIsM REFUTED.

O1 the 3Uth OF April, 1889, being the
"Flttie,h Anniversary of the Inaugura-
tion of George Washington as President
of the United States, on Thursday, the
30th day of April, $780," John Quincy
Adams delivered an Grafton before the
New York Historical Society, in which
that distinguished Statesman reviewed
the history Of the formation Of the Amer.
lean Union, and the adoption of the Ma
tioDal Constitution; and successfully
maintained that the Union was not a
mere compact of States, but banding
together of the people Of all the States
for mutual protection and defense, and
tha: the Constitution was and is the work
of the One PEOPLE Of the United States
by virtue Of which those United States
became and must remain, as q nation,
but One People. As complete refuta-
tion of the Calhouuism which prepared
the way for the rebellion, and is now ad
vocated by rebel sympathizers, this ora
tion possesses especial interest at the
present time. The points successfully
elucidated and enforced therein were
thus set forth BY the orator in his elo-
quent peora,ion, and to these we solicit
the especial attention of our readers:
1t has been my purpose, fellow citizens,
in this discourse to show
l. That this Union was formed by a
spontaneous movement Of the people of
thirteen English Colonies; all subjects Of
the King of Great Britain bound to him
llor 70 Rr,s 81,
as their country. That the first object
Of this Union was united resistance
against oppression, and to obtain from
the Government of their country redress
Of their wrongs.
2 That failing in this object, their pc.
titions having been spurned, and the
expressions of which they complained
aggravated beyond endurance, their dele.
gates in Congress, in their names and by
their authority, issued the Declaration OF
Independence-proclaimipg them to the
world as one People, absolving them from
their ties and oaths of allegiance to their
King and country-renouncing that
country; declaring the UNITED Colo
nies independent States, and announcing
that the ONE PEOPLE Of thirteen uni
ted Independent States, by that act, as
sumed among the Powers Of the earth
thatseparate and equal station to which
the laws of Nature aud Natures God en-
titled them.
3. That in justification of themselve.
for this act Of trans:endent power, they
proclaimed the principles upon which
they held all lawful government upor
earth to be founded-which principles
were, the natural, unalicnable, impre
scriptible rights of man, specifying
among them, life, liberty, and the pur
suit Of happiness-that the institution
of government is to secure to men in SO
ciety the possession of those rights: tha
the institution, dissolution, aud reinsti
tuition of Government belong exclusivel
to THE PEOPLE under moral respon
asibility to the Supreme Ruler of the Uni
verse: aud that al! the just powers OF Gov
ernment are derived from the consent Q
the governed.
4. That, under this proclamation {
principles, the dissolution of allegianc
to tho British King, and the compatrie
6 connection with the People of the Britis
s empire, were accomplished; and the on
People of the United States became on
t separate, sovereign, independent Powe
}. assuming an equal station among TIE NJ
tions of the earth.
a S. That this one People did not imm
diately institute Government + then
selves. But, instead oft, their delegat
, in Congress, by authority from their Sc
arate State Legislatures. without voice
q :, consultation Of the People, instituted
mere confederacy.