davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Shreveport news., 1864-12-20

[From the Richmond Enquirer. Nov 4th
y citizen of Virginia, a resident
in the country, thus protests against
the arming Of negroes
GENTLEMEN In the Enquirer
of the 18th ult., you advance and
recommend the proposition TO con
script the slaves of the South, for
the purpose of making soldiers of
them, and claim the honor and merit
(Which / suspect none will dispute
with you) of being the first t. ad-
vance it.
Can it be possible that you are
serious and in earnest, in proposing
such a step to be taken by our gov
eminent ! Or Were you merely dis
cussing the matter, as something
that might be done-as an element of
power that might be used-meaning
| thereby to intimidate or threaten
our enemy with this weapon of
ofense, which they may drive us to
use.
Can it be possible that Southern
man, editor of Southern journal,
recognizing the right of property in
slaves, admitting their inferiority in
the scale of being, and also their
social inferiority, would recommend
the passage of a law, which at one
bloa0 levels all distinctions deprives
the master of right to his property,
and elevates the negro to an equality
with the white man ?-for disguise
it rs you may. those who fight to-
Sether in a common cause, by success,
win the same freedom, enjoy equal
rights and equal position, and, in
this case, are distinguished only by
color Arc zee prepared .for mis :
Is it for this we are contending !
Is it for this we would seek the aid
of our slaves to win their free
dom with our independence; to estab-
fish in our midst half orr quarter
of a million of black freemen, famil-
liar with the arts and discipline of
war, and possessed of large military
experience
Has the bitter experience of Vir-
ginia, with her free negro population
already been forgotten? Has that
vexed subject of Legislation found its
solution and remedy in the wise ex-
pedient of arming and training to
arms, not only her worthless free
negro population, and is this class to
be multiplied ten-fold by sweeping
slave conscriptions Will ignorant,
brutal free negroes be rendered less
Shreveport news., 1864-12-20

The Chicago Tribune of the 11th,
commenting on an article in the
Richmond Seminal ad vocating arm
ing of negroes says the rebels are
to adopt emancipation without refer
ence to slavery, and says tauntingly,
that the chivalry is to outbid the abo-
litionists in their brides to the negro.
Are to give them lands and homes,
and freedom, and closes by saying,
what think northern coperheads OF
their ancient dem ocratic allies in
overthrowing slavery and establish
ing negro equality. Is it worth while
for them to still cling to slavery and
treason, after their allies have aban-
doned slavery and outbid the aboli
tionists in their zeal for the negro.
Shreveport news., 1864-12-20

Last Friday, the day set apart for
thanksgiving and prayer, by General
Orders from General Smiths Head
quarters, was observed as might be
expected from a people, who look to
the Almighty for protection and help,
in trying times like these. Wewere
pleased to see that all business was
suspended,
Shreveport news., 1864-12-20

mortnrs II, Fort Royal. and six on the coast
Preparations Indicate an attack ON Charles
ton.
The Savannah Republican of the 25th
says: \ large fleet has assembled at Port
Royal. Lybrck and Dubose making pre-
paraiions for Sherman's arrival.
Gen. Foster has gone mp Brown river
with An expedition: found all cotton
Rebels along the river have gone against
Sherman.
Cumberland Gap evacuated Troops
going t" Knoxville.
Camden. De-. lj.-iaule" Cen Steele
has been superseded nj Little Rock
Gun lon. Dee. Is. P,r-"n Brownlow ha.
been unanimously nominated for Governor
Of Tennessee.
Hoods present force is ten thousand six
! hundred infantry : ten thousand hv" bum
| bred cavalry.
The M--ouri,ns captured from Price
numbered just 1Or
! Our Mississippi river correspondent nm
der date oil the 18th says Hood has C"p'"r-
ed Nashville probable. II. l..
! Camden. Dec. Il. Southern Dispatches.
| Walden. Mrs. Dec :. Gen. Hood fought
| Thomas at Franklin. Tenn, on the 3pfh.
I completely routing him. killing and wound
/ ing IJpn. capturing GuOo.
/ The Florida md crew has been demand
ed by the Brazilian government.
Incun ordered them returned. but sunk
/ tt. Florida in five iithpm- water.
Norhrrn Dispatches. Nashville. Dec &.
Shalp-hoot"rs picked oil numbers of our
! men Ola the lines. Heavy ,kirmishing on
! our right and left Steamers primn Donna.
Prairie STATE au! Magnet. captured hy the
, rebels y"-r.rlay. on Cumhrrlanh river.
tNr." hl- been confirmed Chief Justice
! uud has taken h.- seat.
Shreveport news., 1864-12-20

We understand that most of our
citizens contemplate contributing to-
wards a Christmas dinner for the
workmen in the Arsenal. Major
Rhett is to allow them day of feast
ing. Let all send what they can !;
beef, pigs, turkeys, vegetables, or
anything else.
Shreveport news., 1864-12-20

The Houston papers say that the
sugar crop in Texas will not be as
large as was expected instead of
thousands of hogsheads, there will
only be hundre DIS. We are sorry to
hear this.
Shreveport news., 1864-12-20

a project is on foot in Mexico,
says the Dallas Herald, for n railroad
from Matamoras to the city of Mon
terey. The distance is 80 miles, and
the estimate cost of the road, with
the necessary machinery Sc. is 49,
100000. The Monterey Era says
that the Emperor is protecting and
inducing a spirit of enterprise to all
projects of internal improvement.
Shreveport news., 1864-12-20
NEWS IIlL Ms.


'''''''''' %
7'ha''hi'' i'S = y W" -" "iNF'''"
lay ia" : u" We ''''', '"'''s''
Ia" ''l"M'h- W. ~ ma" ""Il 10
'', III my '''l' ~, "'''' ' I'm ''''i'"
'"' hah'I''i "'"'. "' '"'f "''" '''
PE''''t',n''' VIA "' "N ''"' I"''' a. '''''' y
IL r"N>ln.". \ n'N H"th VIZ! u. /"
mh"-, DE- cav Any VIII '''t-e on '%'
country h". no. "'-'"S PI'P'H'2 III '"."'
h'n ""'T" 'h"s ar" nhlh','st'" il"'H'''
mni"S' Wagons ihI "h'' p""''H i''s''''
WI! "r mp. II age" i"r'!.
PHgN H''t h'- nee" "l"r'eI ~ me 'H
''A' INC "' H'''h''' y ""t"' WAS 'Nl''''
=" ~ '"i''""'" N'A' Gay
Scouts report H'""I" arrived ~ N'ihP'I'
WIN Low" men
tAuhy i reporter certainty H'AH.
I"~-umh.A. Dec ! Il" i"'Io"iA- l. the
9."'"'h'i" "' i''' .'''' h''M 49,, j"I' &, 'm
@" TIL 10th ~. between ""f forces and
f La. ,.'' AZ ..'" '. ,,. ' t.
t '' lrr..,,,r,,. i.'.tD., f.,r ,bn.,,uI
killed ana wounded aaG IN thousand prs
"nrr>. ,hra ham cnrps -, .rA,'y
.nS, G'", re Ihe'nE are '.'.'lnG 'AIN 10
j",.,,,,,I i....,r., the r,,.iny md N -
yilc. The raII.a. and heroic Mafo~ Con-
erAi cl"bnr"c W. Nd.ye!, ado H,.s"d' rr
''','''h ave, '''I'',', .f ''I,' -
Ic, IL .r.....,, pur .o-, !, reported 10 II,
abuU: rir's fix" hIud5rd. Tine "n'my ~"
san! 20 d, g"l'yh'1',.'.@ y, '',',I i','pI''
u1J.. - Ion" Jr,.rr OF, onr rf.,t,i :, i'm ,hr.
infantry. artillery aud cavalry. Attacked
ana capture! the Snr"-'n - >>,'n'E Creek,
,'"I,nr'm ,rFi'',,H 81 '"' ', ,.,'''' i,''
lrr5 mem ,.n''' Enn,ny burned ;L,. Jrnot some '
Shreveport news., 1864-12-20

The Shreveport Glee Clubs enter
tainment on last Saturday, was 4
complete success. We have not as
certained the exact amount of money
taken in. but judge it must be about
$4,000.
Shreveport news., 1864-12-20

jackson News. This is a new
daily paper published at Jackson
Miss, by Cadwallader & Dobson.-
a nice comment this upon the war
Last year the Yankees destroyed
Jackson now there are two daily
papers published there.
Shreveport news., 1864-12-20

We return our thanks to Mrs. and
Mr.. NJ. Baer, for an invitation to at
tend a party given by them, and are
sorry that business engagements pre-
vented our being present. The
affair passed of pleasantly, we are
told.
Shreveport news., 1864-12-20
Our friend, Maj. J. V. Lindsay, VT

Our friend, Maj. J. V. Lindsay, We
found on taking trip to the celebra-
ted city of Muggins. commonly call
ed Mugginsville, is pretty well fixed
up in the candle line. He is turning
out six hundred candles per day, and
will soon be able to turn out over a
thousand. Though we did not find
him as comfortable as we anticipated,
yet he was as clever as ever. The
Majors factory, we trust will DE en-
larged, and classed as A No l, before
long.
Shreveport news., 1864-12-20

Our drawer is full of pcetical etiu-
sions we cannot publish them all
at one time, but will give them pub
LEFTY so soon as the press on our
columns will admit of it. Let COM
posers be composed.
Shreveport news., 1864-12-20

BY general Orders from Head
quarters, Capt. r. L. Buckner. Depot
Quartermaster, has been relieved by
Capt. Udolpho Wolfe, who has en-
tered upon the duties of his office,
and will be found at the old Office Of
Capt. Buckner. ready for business.
Shreveport news., 1864-12-20

The Louisiana Democrat says a
we'll grounded report brings us intel.
ligence that the yankees have left
Morganza and gone up the river.
Shreveport news., 1864-12-20

The Houston News of the 9TH inst.
says, that negroes are now selling in
that city, at from 500 to $500. for
good field hands, and $500 to 5000
for average negro women.
Shreveport news., 1864-12-20
AttcntiO n!-Persons arriving

with, or receiving, late southern or
northern papers. will oblige us and
benefit our readers. by loaning them
to the editor, if only for an hour
Items of news also solicited.
Shreveport news., 1864-12-20

The San Antonio Herald is again
amongst our exchanges we welcome
it, and hope that it will not be com
PEELED to suspend for any cause what
Shreveport news., 1864-12-20

The attention of merchants is di-
recte1 to the card of Messrs. Sap
pinston 4 Owings.
Shreveport news., 1864-12-20

Mr.. James Burke still holds forth
in Houston, as will be seen by refer.
encc to his advertisements. He is a
prompt business man.
Shreveport news., 1864-12-20

For the latest news and state of
affairs, We refer our readers to the
kilograms in to-days paper.
Shreveport news., 1864-12-20
n the Monterey MONT or. No.

Norrm,1rs IF the Empcror.-His
Majesty, Maximillian has been Wis
iting the State of Morela, where tho
was received with every demonstra-
ton of respect and enthusiastic allie
glance His Majesty, on approach
ing the city of Morcla, halted his
@dygnard and advanced into the
city alone. thus displaying his conf
drnc" in the faithtulnrss Of the peo-
pie who had been represented ms in
imical to his government. The city
was illuminated, and the people and
the authorities Wed with each other
in manifestations Of devoted loyalty.
On his return to the city of Mexico,
the Emperor was met half a days
journey from the city by the En-
press. When the two no val cor,eecs
were within II short dis,a nce of each
other, both the Emperor and the En-
press descended from their convey
ances and met rrch other on foot.
! The Emperor travelled on horseback.
and the Empress in her carriage.
, Letters from the capital intimate
| that the Emperor intends soon to visi
/ Vera Cruz, and thence he intends to
/ extend his trip by sea to this State.
1t affords us unaloyed happiness to
I make this announcement. as we are
/ certain that his Majesty will meet
Wit, a reception in this great COM
mcrcial emporium which will assure
! him that til. people of Tamaulipas
are more than satisfied with the In
/ p.rial government The wealth,
/ beauty, intellect aud nristocracy of
tii- community will no doubt make
their reception of the Emperor eclipse
any fctc that has Sraced Monterey
/ for many years.
/ Dctrw Of Cunaies.-ln the last
number OF the Monitor We gave in
Spanish the official account of the de-
/ feat and dispersion Of the factionists
I under Canaics, by the imperial troops
under command of General Cortina.
Tn" engagement took place at Guer-
zero, and was conducted on the part
of Gen. C"r,ina with consummato
skill. tn" imperial force suffered
no loss. while the tactionis's lost con-
~jirrahl :. Anon. Ill" killed we re-
. -r.'t to -oticc the name OF Senior
/ NrNtt' ~ on member OF 'he 'o'to-
ria! fraternity, and gentleman OF
/ many eS'l'mable qualities.
Ia" Monitor "'-'ir3 ut length in
+ favor al. direct tr:!" between llous-
4 tor and brownsville, instead Of via
t"iuarE".
( Houston Telegraph.
-,
Nnu"N'" "ll! l." i"unH h""'hcr let
;rr from Hr. Hnycc explanatory Of
,),.. natives ,L.,, induced him I, nd
J., ,,. r..;
Shreveport news., 1864-12-20
Mr.. James G.. Holmes.

A SLEEPING WoMAN.-The wife
of Warren Potter, of Greenfield,
Mass, went to sleep on Friday night
= st ult., and has not walked since.
Physicians who have visited her can
not account for the disease. \ little
nourishment is forced into her and
her life prolonged.
The Vermont transcript. [volume] (St. Albans, Vt.) 1864-1870, 1864-10-14
The Peace Congress.

D. Appleton & Co, Of New York
city, published on Saturday, Oct. Sth,
new book entitled "a report Of the
proceedings in the secret session of the
Conference Convention, for proposing
amendments to the constitution of the
United States, held at Washington, D..
c., in February, A. d. 1861, by L. E.
Chittenden, one Of the delegation" !
vol, Svo. CLOTH GIG pages, Price So.
1t is understood that Mr.. Chitten-
den, during the Peace Congress, was a
"chiel taking notes of the various
speeches there made. There will be
great and widespread curiosity to read
the book which Mr.. Chitlenden has
published--first, because of the well
known ability of the author to do the
work he has undertaken, thoroughly
and truthfully and, again, because il
will now be of great interest to know
what was then thought and said by
many prominent Sonthrons who have
since openly taken an active part il
the present rebellion. Secretary Chase
says that Mr. Chittenden's book Evil
form an important contribution to his
tory" We have no doubt it will b,
eagerly sought after and read by ,
large and constantly increasing circle
of readers.
The Vermont transcript. [volume] (St. Albans, Vt.) 1864-1870, 1864-10-14
The National Sailors Fair.

There will be great Sailors Fair
holden in Boston, early in November,
1864, to acquire means to found Sail
ors' Home free to seamen and marines
disabled in our naval service.
We trust this much-needed charity
will receive warm encouragement from
Vermontere.
Messrs. Edward Everett John G..
Whittier, Oliver Wendell Holmes, A.
p. Peabody, james Russell Lowell and
f. II. Whipple are an editorial coun-
ell, to take charge Of daily paper to
be printed during the period the FAN
is open. Price of subscription to this
paper is sl00, of which at least ten
numbers viii be issued. We trust oui
readers will cheerfully respond to this
praiseworthy call, Contributions and
subscriptions are solicited
We viii gladly receive and transmit
any donations or subscriptions that
may be made in aid of the Sailors
Home
The Vermont transcript. [volume] (St. Albans, Vt.) 1864-1870, 1864-10-14
The Elections.

The elections in Pennsylvania, Ohio
and Indiana on Tuesday, 18th inst,
have, according to the returns thus
far received, resulted i'll glorious
Union triumph.
Pennsylvania, it is thought, will
give Union majority OF from $4,000
to 10000. with a gain Of four members
of Congress.
Indiana goes heavily for the Union
re-electing Gov. Morton by about 20
600 majority Colfax has been elected
by over 900 majority.
Ohio Union majority will reach 40,
600, and she makes gain Of nin'
members of Congress.
Cox and Voorhees, are defeated.
The vote of the soldiers, in the fielC
and hospitals, now indicate that the
result will be three to one for thu
Union.
The Vermont transcript. [volume] (St. Albans, Vt.) 1864-1870, 1864-10-14

Ra5~ We are indebted to our towns
man, the Rev 4. j. Sampson, for a
copy of the minutes of the General
Convention of Vermont, with the re-
port of the Corresponding Secretary,
and the statistics of the Congregation
nj churches and the annual report Of
the Vermont Domestic Missionary So
ciety, 1864" 1t is valuable pamph-
let, of 80 pages giving great amount
OF information, presented in tabular
form, neatly printed and of great in
terest to congregationalists and other
religious bodies. An edition of three
thousand copies was printed, and the
circulation Of such publication will
be productive Of much present interest
and future good We are surprised
however, that on page 80, the Rev. John
Hough, Rev. Josiah f. Goodhue, Rev.
E.W. Kellogg, and Rev. Dana Lamb are
not represented among the starred OF
deceased life-members of the Mission
airy Society. They have fought then
fight and gone to their long homes
long since, and pains ought to be TAX
en- to have such lists carefully revised
and made correct in every particular
The next Convention will be held a
Burlington on Tuesday, June Goth
lS65-the exercises beginning at II
o'clock. The Rev. George p. Tyler o
Brattleboro', is chosen Preacher, anC
the Rev. Joseph Chandler, of Yves
Brattleboro', substitute. 1t is unnec
essary to state that this acceptable
pamphlet was printed at the Vernon
Chronicle Office at Windsor.
The Vermont transcript. [volume] (St. Albans, Vt.) 1864-1870, 1864-10-14
The Water Question.

In our advertising columns will be
seen notice Of an application that is
about to be made to the Legislature
now in session for charter for an Ac-
queduct Company in St Adams. We
intend to speak at length in regard to
this project at some convenient time.
In the meanwhile the following article
from the Newport Ne'cs is suggestive
to thoughtful property holders in oui
vicinity.
The company is fully organized ant
the work is fast approaching compile
ton. The fountain head is n large
and pure spring Of water among th'
pines and cedars upon the hillside OF
the southeast side OF the lake Thu
The Vermont transcript. [volume] (St. Albans, Vt.) 1864-1870, 1864-10-14
Union State Convention.

At the Union State Convention held
in Burlington on Tuesday, 18th inst
to nominate Presidential Electors, the
nominating Committee made the fol
lowing report, which was unanimously
adopted:
For Electors at Large. Daniel kel-
logg, of Brattleboro, Albert-L. Catlln
of Burlington.
For District eciors-First Dist, 5
NJ. Dorr, of Rutland second Dist.
Ryland Fletcher, of Cayendish; ThirC
Dist, Jas. w. Simpson, Of Craftsbury
Owing to alack Of space and TIM
we are obliged to omit a detailed re
port of the Convention.
The Vermont transcript. [volume] (St. Albans, Vt.) 1864-1870, 1864-10-14
WAR NEWS.
FROM GRANT

There are voluminous official, and
other dispatches as to the assault on
our lines north of the James on Fri
day, but they add little to previous
accounts. The rebels claim a victory,
but Gen. Butler insists that our sue
cess was decided. Gen. Lee reports
that our troops were driven from two
lines of intrenchments, and that he
captured 10 pieces of artillery, 200
horses ana 500 prisoners. The rebel
Gen. Gregg was killed and Gen. Beal-
ton wounded. The rebels say their
loss was small; our side say our loss is
small but the rebels suffered terribly,
and that they were pursued till dark
by Gen. Terry. The H1aids cores
pondent states that Gen. Butler was
appraised beforehand of the intended
attack, but it is evident the officers in
actual command were not informed,
for they were taken by surprise.
The following is Gen. Grants Latest
dispatch.
CRY PolNr, Oct. 10, 4:3O P. NJ.
lion. H. H. Stanton, Secretaryof Var
Our entire loss in the enemy's attack
ON our lines on Friday does not exceed
800 in killed, wounded and missing.
The enemy's loss is estimated by Gen.
Butler at 1000. The Richmond WING
of the Sth, in speaking of this battle,
has the following:
"The gallant Gen. Gregg, command
ing a Texas brigade, fell in the adj
vance. Among other casualties we
have to report Gen. Bratton, of South
Carolina, badly wounded; Col. Haskell
of the 9TH South Carolina infantry, Sc
verely wounded in the face; and Mai
Haskins of the South Carolina artil-
lery, also wounded 1t is rumored
that Gen. Geary was killed"
Since Friday there has been no fight
ing whatever
L. S. GRANT, Lieut.. Gen.
Gen. Grant has been to Washington
and returned to the front again OF
Saturday The 9Th and 9th corps adj
vanced their lines on Friday, and tool
few prisoners. They tell the usua
story about "hard times in Richmond
dependency among rebel troops, Sc
jeff Davis has returned to Rich
mond.
The evening passenger train on tn
Danyille road has been discontinued
| because the road is wanted for militia
! ny use.
A man named Barber, who escape
from a rebel ram on the James, say
that unless the rebel fleet is brough
= into action soon, there VIII be no me
. left to work the guns, they desert S
rapidly. Now they are but hal
manned.
The Vermont transcript. [volume] (St. Albans, Vt.) 1864-1870, 1864-10-14

dam and reservoir are obout' complet-
ed Over a mile of bitches has been
dug and the pipe laid, and if the wealth
er permits, the work of pipe-laying
will be going on in our streets next
week
When completed every house in
town can for small tax be supplied
with tho very best Of water. 1t is pro
posed to establish splendid fountain
somewhere near the flagstaff, upon the
square. This will be done by sub
scription, and we presume every citi-
zen will contribute. With this sup
| ply Of water, we feel confident that in
surance policies can be renewed at a
discount more than sufficient TO pay all
taxes on the same, SO that in fact, prop
erty holders viii be getting this wa
1 ter gratmtously.
The Vermont transcript. [volume] (St. Albans, Vt.) 1864-1870, 1864-10-14

Bay In the list of casualties in the
Vermont Brigade at the battle of VIM
chester, Sept. 10, 1864, we notice the
following:
Third Regimeat-Co. II, Milo S. Bar
Der, Richford, shoulder, slight; Il. ID.
Leach, Fairfield, hand, slight.
Fyh Rcgiment-Peter Bovat, High
gate, is reported as killed; Corporal
Sidney NJ. Parker, Franklin, arm, Sc
we're; William Oliver, highgate, thigh,
slight; David Mayo, South Hero, arm,
severe.
SlrA Regiment-Co. i, Oscar II.
Sears, St Adams, both feet, severe
Co. X, Jerry Arsino, Swanton, neck,
slight.
Eerenh Regiment-Co. L, Sergeant
John d, Sheridan, Swanton, hand,
slight. Co. X, julius NJ. Buck, Fair
fax, head, slight. Co. l., HON 5
Searles, Alburgh. foot, slight. Co. d
George Austin, st. Adams, is reported
missing.
In the whole brigade, . officers and
p men killed; II officers and 211 men
wounded and ten men missing -ag-
gregate, 256.
The Vermont transcript. [volume] (St. Albans, Vt.) 1864-1870, 1864-10-14

"A negro named Stratton robbed
his master, John G. Barrett, of Louis
vile, Ky, of $4,000 in gold. The negro
and the gold were found at Cincinnati
but the police Judge refused to act
and Sratton went off with his gold
A slave who in Kentucky steals his
masters property is not deemed guilty
OF larceny He had committed no
oiiense against the laws of Ohio. and
was charged with none. The repeal
OF the fugitive slave law prevented his
return to his master.
In republican procession at Gin
cinnati was borne transparency rem
resenting a railroad train labeled
Chicago line with this order at
lachea Passengers are requested
not to stand on the platform.
G. b. MCCLELLAN, Sup'tu
The Vermont transcript. [volume] (St. Albans, Vt.) 1864-1870, 1864-10-14

VERMONT Posr- OFFICES. Under the
new postal law, establishing salaries
for postmasters, Vermont has four
offices in the second class with salaries
over two thousand dollars, as follows
Burlington, salary, $4,000 Montpe-
lier, $4,000 Rutland, az, 200 Brattle-
boro, $4,000 In the third elias with
salaries of one thousand or over, there
are seven offices, which are, Brandon
81 200 Middlebury, 81 100 st. Al.
bans, $500 St Jolnsbury, $1,000
Springfield, $1,000 Windsor, $1,000
: Woodstock, - 500
The Vermont transcript. [volume] (St. Albans, Vt.) 1864-1870, 1864-10-14

Bay- The TRANscmrr, (St Adams
in publishing list of electors Of Pres
ident, &c, in Vermont, inserts the name
Of "Eliakim p Walton in the 18th
electoral board. This ia an error.
Ezekiel p Walton, father Of Eliakim
p was the elector - Ilaltoa's Daily
journal
There were other errors we find in
the article TO which our co-temporary
refers, besides the one corrected as
above. We regret that any blunders
crept into the article which we aimed
TO have entirely reliable.