New-York daily tribune. [volume] (New-York [N.Y.]) 1842-1866, 1864-03-26

yerted into them by the digestive process Casein is
not like albumen cosgulatcd when heated.
WROUGHT IRON GIEDERS.
WILLIAM FAIRBAIN +. II. s., read before the Royal
Society, Feb T. paper entitled Experiments to de-
teTmne the effects of impact vibratory action anu
continued change Of load on wrought iron Orders III
which he describes bis experiments TO determine the
strength ard form Of iron tubular bridges, also to SHOW
the extent Of strain to which an iron gder may be SUD
jecteo. His apparatus was designed 10 initiate ~
nearly as possible the strain 10 which bridges are SUD
iecteA by the psFsage Of heavy trains by lowering the
load quickly upon the beam and by producing consd'
cradle amount Of vibration. The test girder was u
wrought iron pa,e beam twenty feet long upon ~ y
weight was allowed to fall at intervals OF about 20 per
minute day and night. by mems OF mil driven by
water power. The conclusion dxwn from these eAlsii
mems is that wrought iron girdeTs are not sale Whci
subjected 10 violent disturbances equivalent to one
third Of the weight that would break them pn1 Whoh
they are cuiyaent 10 fourth OF the weight the tcha
city is unimpaired 80
he esteemed the matter mainly for its attempt W Ve
the exact degree of the strains which begin 10 De De
structiye. The fact that great strains approaching
near The breaking point would " continued under such
conditions impair the character of the material was
generally acknowledged.
MIR CARNEY alluded to tho fact that constant
yibratOry motion tends 10 disinegrate wrought Hoh
b, producing o crystalline arrangement Of is atoms.
Mir FISHER said it was the opinion of the late j. n.
Brunei Of England that the peculiar molecular
arrangement Described by The last speaker was pro,
dnccd by the blow which caused the fracture ana was
not the result of previous tremulous motions.
MI STETsoS was willing to believe that the rapdlty
OF the acl might greatly affect the appearance oil the
fractured surfaces but agreed that the doctrine would
be productive Of evil fcarred to the extreme 0fsuppos
ing that there were not great actual differences In tie
structure Of metals. He nsanCcd Gs common the eases
OF nxles which after breaking slowed that the bais pi
which they had been formed were r more hbTOus thnn
Others piled in the same axle. The great mass 81 cast
iron cooled some years ago at The Novelty hoIAs DC
fore Il could be poured, was broken open III The sn"tsl
manner by very apering wedges but its interior was
IA. luY.r 81 ntsI H.
The lact that the outside WAS cooled RAPIDLY ana the
inside very slowly The manner OF breaking cond not
have affected the molecular arrangement
NEw DRAwISG ROLLERS FoR SPINNING hACHihERi :
w WELD of Manchester lately explained before the
Mechanical Engineers Society his improvement IN
futed rollers, which consists in forming the hnte'
spiraiy on the rollers at inclination OF IN IL to the
axis Of the roller. The nutiDg Is made by giving a
twisting motion to the roller while in the act of cutting
The diameter Of rollers depends on The length oil lht
cotton fiber. The length Of the New.oreans ma Am
can cotton fiber is from inch to IT. the Brazil. from
inch TO Il; the Egyptian. from inch TO IL Amcf-
can Sea Island from ] to q inches The cotton from
the new sources of supply-Eest India ana Marking
being introduced has much shorter lehglh ranging
from 10 inch. For the purpose OF drawing THIS cot
ton which is done by passing II between Two PAIRS oi
rollers the second pair having greater speed than tho
first is requisite that the diameter OF the rollers Should
not exceed of nch in order to brnS The Two PAIRS
ofroeis enough together to deal Win hber oil an
inch long The lengths of these rollers are from 10 10
~ inches and they are coupled together 80 as 70 e1ehu
4
one end Wrought iron Is not satisfactorily applicable
10 rollers of such small diameter for In addition to the
weakness Of coupling there Is an amount oil torslon
which causes the time of action 10 be sonsby different
al the two cxtremites. The slower delivery at one end
gives undue stretch upon tho yarn, and hEeakngo Is
the consequence Steel rollers Nil obYiate tie dill
guilty The high price Of the ordinary steel induced MI
Weld 10 try the essemer steel 1t is found to Le suited
10 this purpose IFS cost Is about sl23 per tun.
UTILIZATION OF sEAWEED.
Mr. T.. 4. WrNsH read paper upon this subject De-
g.. L.. DI,si.a Atet.f Df
irated il with chemical tables and specimens OF plants
lie stated that about 1900 tuns Of kelp are produced
annually and that 1t could be produced in much larger
amount II the climate did not iltcriere with the drying
process One authority estimates the quantity Of weed
thrown up annually nj 2lO01OoD tuns, of which not
600 900 is used for kep and green maturing II Is
proposed TO dry IL by The process for burning wet
iuel" by which the weed itself will furnish nearly al
SURFACE coSDEysEKs.
Tho selected subject for discussion, "Snriace Con
densers was then taken up. The CHAIRMAN said ihai
I'm the two nreyous discussions this subject all The
novel and prominent features u tins hnd Of eondenslng
apparatus, as applied t. low pressure seai'ers haa
those which have ben used on hgh-pfcssuTe engines
and 10 investigate more closely the causes which are
said to destroy yy rapidly the boilers supplying steam
MI, BaETIrrT proceeded to briefly dsseribs ibe. w
snre steamers-not for the purpose Of prodncug
uum but only when it is quite important 10 re. during
comparatively short yoynges Hesh SaloI ID te D9'rs
CONTRACTED TO navigate shallow waters, consist merely
tubes running outside Of the vessel near The bottom
They are properly protected from injury but In
direct contact with the water which IL changed by the
progress of the vessel 70 that ne condensation effect
eel withont pum,ing into the vessel cold water.
Mr.. ROor explained The construction Of surface
condenser for high pressure engines the essential char
acerstic Of which IL the nae OF comparatively small
surface which is kept cold by dasbDg against is out
side powerful stream ~ water.
Mr. STFrsos explained Tie principles on which scy
era inventions In this line bad been based Of allowing
a portion Of the steam TO blow out through The con.
denser or through "A suitable passage and oondcnsing
only the remainder. IL OF course inappiogbo 20
the great mass OF merchant steamer on the Atlantic
coast and regular going steamships NJ usually cor
stIuccd because in such the expansion Of the steam
as generally carried to such e4tent Ia the cylinder
that nj the end Of the stroke de pressure was below
that Of the external mir. But on the western nyers
and many Of the recent varieties ~ sea going cran
when high steam il carried and only small degree Of
expansion used. the sienm is discharged nt above AZ
mOspherc pressure. IL this steam - taken entirely
into condenser. whether jet OF surface II VII require
more cold water "a condcnse II than u al The surplus
above atmospheric pressure were allowed to escape nm
condensed ana the remainder treated IN the usual man
ner Joshua Lowe, an inventor well known In cOnnec
ton with pressure gauges had engine running IN this
city near the foot OF Delaney street. IN J-2 with an
ingenious provision of this kind. but IL ohecona
bic by of the noise caused by tho violent closing
Of liz sclfactlng yalycs. The Patent Office had eva
IDENTITY been ignorant OF this and several other expert
meuts because patent had been Issued within few
wears seeming 10 that general mode Of operating
The patent would have been sustained suc1t
broad construction and lie considered the field open IL
inventors. An the efforts down TO the present time at
improy enient had proved abOIUyc.
Mr SEwELL said that bis father had early planned an
improvement on this mode, by introducing positive
motion or opening and closing the yeye by which the
escaped The escape 81 cylinder fun II steam
is almost instantaneous and there is dihGnlty In
obtaining any practical advantage by letting portion
OF the steam escape into the mir.
CoRK0SlOH or BOILERS.
The SECRETARY then directed attention 10 the effect
Of surface condeners steam boilers, Ivy reading the
report of late discussion before the Mechanical Eng
norrs' Society EnrlInl ON this snhiect Mr. Inmes