Burlington free press. [volume] (Burlington, Vt.) 1827-1865, 1864-02-05

Mr.. Morrill, proceeds TO show how that waich
nominally was fer the reciprocal benefit Of
both parties, had enured to the almost ex-
elusive benefit Of one-that Of the British
provinces. The reciprocity had proved
mere 4elusIOn -
What reciprocity is there in making cotton
free to the United States from Canada when
Canada produces no cotton liking Cotton
was IN no danger from long staple or short
raised north Of the fory-ffth degree. whose Ak
Is ground by making grindstones free 70 Canada
from the United States, when TIE United States
are mainly dependent upon the British Prov
inces for their own supplies What equality il
there in exchanging The grain and cattle mark
cts Of New York and Boston for those Of Mon
treal and Quebec. when the former in their nor
NAL condition are twenty-five per cent better
than the latteC, and when the latter under no
circumstances can be available TO the Unitel
States What is the advantage Of free
trade in lumber with country whose forests
are inexhaustible and ''coeval with the world -
Who proposes TO carry Goals to Newcastle or
donkeys to Spain What II the advantage of
free trade that does not include something we
make to sell or something that somebody Is
ready to buy
From the Investigations which had been
made the injurious results of the treaty to our
own trade and government resources, are set
forth in some striking paragraphs.
In the four years from 1850 to 1858, incu-
siye, the importatons free of duty from
Canada to the United States we're 4.lO7.-
1872, while the impOrtatiOus paying duty were
$4,000, 63i, or nearly four times greater
But the importations free ofduty after the treaty
took effect, in four years, from 1856 10 1888 IN
elusive, were $50, 4lg, 925, and those subject to
duty had fallen of in the same time to - 49,
39i, or only one in twenty-eight. This is the
first exhibition Of reciprocity.
In 1888, when the United States collected du-
ties only on S3l ,953 in value Of Canadian pro-
auctions, those of American labor upon which
duties were paid in Canada amounted to 81
524, 5o3. This Is the next exhibition Of reel
pr0cify, being on the scale Of forty-fve TO one
During 500. 1857, and lojS, the amount Of
American industry taxed in Canada was SIS
2Y4, DOB more than that OF Canadian produc-
tons taxed in this country. By the returns Of
later date 1t would seem that their trade has al
most ceased TO be a source Of revenue 10 Us.
while from our trade they obtain their accus-
toned liberal contributions
In lS56 the articles received from Canada.
and made free by the treaty amounted 10 ST.
elo.6S4: and if valued according 10 the prices
actually obtained in our markets. doubtless the
amount exceeded twenty million dollars Had
It been subject to an average rate Of duty. the
revenue would have been not less than three or
four million dollars, and to that extent was
mainly bonus TO the provinces
By the treaty the ancient laws Of trade have
been subyertel, and our exports to Canada.
which formerly largely exceeded our imports.
are now greatly less. They sell to US but-go
elsewhere To buy.
Our domestic exports 10 Canada for a long Sc
ries Of years prior TO the treaty were generally
about double the value Of our imports and in
addition ourexports Of foreign merchandise were
sometimes equal and generally not less than half
is much more The relative position Of the
trade Is now reversed.
The amount Of goods exported to Canada in
loJ5 subject To duty was Sll,449,472. and in
lo62 10 more than 81, l2S, 7o3. The exports Of
manuacture>, candles, soap, Sc., To Canada in
$50" were, in round numbers, -. j0O. OUU and
they had decreased TO II 800, 900 in 1868.
The imports from Canada for the last eight
fiscal years averaged IA value Sl6,G43. S25. Of
which only an average Of Sl67. ass paid duty
on entering the United States.
Canadian tables show that for eight wears.
800 10 1862, inclusive, an average Of $3.50
900 ofour exports 10 Canals paid duty, and
SlO,72U,OOO were free. Ii viii be seen that we
are charged by them with duty On AN average
value of Ss,s72 800 more than they are charged
with by US
In the first four years after the treaty came
into operation We received Of the list OF articles
named in the treaty SIS. III ,6gl in value more
than Canada received from us this is recip
rocity, the less We have of It the better In
1851 the imports from Canada were SlS.645,-
i3l, and our exports were Sl4, Sol, S5S. or an
excess Of imports over exports Of -. 273. $50. /
This amount Is TO be augmented by S2,6ll 81
Of goods Of foreign origin which merely passed
across our territory and were transmitted in lieu
Of exchange or gold 10 meet our Indebtedness.
and would not have been received by Canada
but for the fact that they were obtained cheauer
thus than they could have been through the ST. /
Lawrence
The amount Of our export Of com for this year |
have been unable TO ascertain, but Canadian I
returns credit US in 1862 with S2.53O. 900. and 4
in 1853 with S3,j02,le0 That il was much
more there can be no reasonable doubt. The .
fair inference would be that not less than $40 /
100000 are annually drawn from US in gold. or
It's equivalent, to pay for agricultural produc-
tons not required, and 10 glut markets which
our own people are all the while eager 10 SUNNY.
We have no reciprocity treaty with any other
country, and no other presents so unfavorable
balance-sheet. Even our trade with China is
more profitable
The amount Of revenue nov collected bv the
United States upon importations from Canada
Is pitiabe enough; and if We deduct the articles
not actually there produced, we shall find that
IN four year., from 1886 to 1859, inclusive. the
average amount was only on about one hundred
and fifty thousand dollars annually, yielding not
more than S25, 900 Of yearly revenue, and not
sufficient TO pay a 1.-THE Of the annual expense
IF the collection districts scattered. as thew are
along a frontier six thousand miles in extent
ind yet one-fourth part, or nearly that. Of all
-anadian revenue is derived from duties on
merchandise from the United States.
Neither our people nor the Government derive
advantage from this reciprocity treaty. The
rade has, 1t is true, largely increased: but the
ootsteps Of the profits all point to the hons den
lone returning outward. We are the factors
erylng without pay or commissions. /
Mr.. Morrill, proceeds further to show. how
change Of Tariffs in Canada had worked
o the detriment Of the American merchant
ending articles to Cauada-how by the Cana 5
ian arrangement of tolls, and drawbacks on
be same,we are, practically, made to paw ten \
INES as much toll for the use of the Welland !.
nd the st. Lawrence Canals as the Canadians \
how under the free use according to the 81
eaty, by both parties of the waters of r
lie st. Lawrence,-whieh we have veryl title n
sc tor,-and those Of Lake Michigan.-whieb g
lie Canadians have much use for-the fol-
wing resulted
IN the hrst SIX years after the treaty only for
American vessels, all Of small tonnage. passed
award through the St. Lawrence, and of these
! nineteen ever returned But in one wear
ooD one hundred and nine British vessels at
port Of Lake Michigan. In practice. :,
ltsh reciprocity is made up Of similar UNEQUAL III
ikeWelghts, and We may say of the whole as be
DO OF this part with great propriety, we got ov
lseiess river by giving up m gniicent in
u We examine the reciprocity treaty on gen. tn
y principles, as a question Of constitutional.