davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Cleveland morning leader. [volume] (Cleveland [Ohio]) 1854-1865, 1863-01-05

The scene at this juncture was one Of
awful interest. A painful and breathless
suspense held the vast crowd which had
assembled from all quarters to witness the
execution.
Three slow, measured and distinct beats
Of the drum by Major Brown, who had
been announced as signal officer, and the
rope was cut by Mr.. Duly-the scaffold
fell, and thirty-seven lifeless bodies were
left dangling between heaven and earth.
fJne 5f the ropes was broken, and the
body Of Rattling RUNNER fell to the
! ground. The neck had probably been
Z broken, as but little signs Of life were OBJ
5 served, but he was Immediately hung up
z again. While the signal beat was being
given, numbers were seen to clasp the
hands Of their neighbOrs, which in several
) instances continaed to be clssped till the
bodies were cut down.
As the platform fell, there was one not
loud but prolonged cheer from the sol
diery Snd citizens whe were spectators,
and then all were quiet and earnest wit
uesses Of the scene. For SO many, there
was but little suffering; the necks Of all,
or nearly al, were evidently dislocated by
tke fall, and the after struggling was
slight. The scaffold fell at quarter past
ten o'clock, and in twenty minutes the
bodies had al been examined by surgeons
Le BoUttllisr, SheardoEn, Finch and
others, and life pronounced extinct.
TIE BURIAL.
The bodies we're then cut down, placed
Yorkville enquirer. [volume] (Yorkville, S.C.) 1855-2006, 1863-02-04

Their here makes a sharp bend to the
northward, forming a complete q. The
bluff strikes the outside Of the bend, and
the town Of Arkansas Post, containing less
than FIVE hundred inhabitants, is situated
on The bluff, near the river. just; beIoB7it,
in a position looking for;threa miles down
the2swesp below the bend, the rebels more
than year ago erected the fort which il
vas now endeaVored to capture. This fort
was Of rectangular shape, builsso as to5repel
an attack from any quarter, and on each
side mounted two heavy guns. Those look.
lug down the river were long sixty-fonrs,
while the remainde were thirty-twos. On
the sweep looking down the river was fine
ly finished one ed-pounder parrott
gun, chat the rebels confidently hoped
would be able to sink any boat having the
temerity to approach.
! Around the fort is an extensive range of
rifle pits, extending along the bluff SO as to
sencircle the town. Outside of these is a
long line Of abatis, rendering it difficult to:
Eapproachsthe works. In the construction
of these defenees the rebels showed especial
care AlIths roads excepting the one to
Little Rock, had been ebstructed by felled
timber, and only the ingenuity Of our sol.
diers prevented their finding them formida.l
bic obstacles in the way Of movement.
Yorkville enquirer. [volume] (Yorkville, S.C.) 1855-2006, 1863-02-04
From Charleston.

CHARLESTON, February LA dispatch
from Major Rhett, commanding Fort Sum-
ter, announces that . strange steamer, eVi-
IDENTIFY an iron-olad, hove in sight about
noon, and is now stationary of the harbor.
Her outline can be dimly seen from the
city wharves. There are besides her, twelve
.blockaders, allkeeping steam, up and On
the alert. The captured gunboat is now
coming up from stono river into the harbor.
LATEa.-The iron.clad outside is the
Yankee frigate Ironsides.e The British war
ship, Cadmus, is ouside and willenter the
:harbor to communicate with the British
vessels Corvette and Petrol now anchored
here. -.
Yorkville enquirer. [volume] (Yorkville, S.C.) 1855-2006, 1863-02-04
Capture of the Princess Royal

CHARLESTON, January 29'-The steam
propeller Princess Royal, while trying to , en-;
ter this harbor this morning, was chased
ashore and captured by the blockaders of
Long Island, about fifteen miles from
Charleston bar, The epilot and one Of her
crew escaped to the shore. She is from
Glasgow, and contains 8 most valuable car
60, comprising eight Wbitworth guns, en-
gines for four gunboats, gunpowder, rifles,
etc. Important dispatches for the Confede.
rate Government from Capt. Maury, in
Europe, were saved from the Princess Royal
previous to her capture.
The steamship Giraffe, from Wilmington,
has arrived safe at Nassau. The steamship
Comubia, also from Wilmington, had arriv-
ed at Bermuda, where the steamer Merrl-
mac lay anchored.
Yorkville enquirer. [volume] (Yorkville, S.C.) 1855-2006, 1863-02-04

s9 The Qaartermaster Generals re-.
port shows that we have 200 Generals, 1853
Brigade Quartermasters, 100 Brigade Com:
missaries, 500 Chaplaius, $40 companies
.ofaftillery, 7s regiments Of cavalry and
4Sl regiments of infantry. In the navy
we have 4 Admirals, 10 Captains, 81 Cons
mandsrs, 100 First Lieutenants, rs Second
Lieuteuants, 20 Masters in line Of promo.
tion, IL Paymasters ~ Surgeons, Is Pass.
ed Assistant Surgeons, 80 Assistant Sur.
geons, 1 Engineer il Chief, ]2 Engineers,
20 Passed Midshipmen, 1O6 Acting Mid
shipmen, etc., and 5000 seamen, ordinary
sseamen, landsmen, boys, fremen andSeoa
heaYers. & s.3s5s. s
Yorkville enquirer. [volume] (Yorkville, S.C.) 1855-2006, 1863-02-04
r mg Observation-Disclosures R.


Iand our Assistant Surgeon, DR.. Hall, al
though he'has never had the disease, con.
tinues his ministrations as fit was q sim.
Iple case of fever, and like other complaints.
He has been we'll vaccinated and has. so far,
escaped even the slightest varioloid.
The religious sentiment of our regiment
is good, although we have no Chaplain at
this time. It is delightful to hear, as the
night is coming on, the cheerful voices of
the soldiers, singing the familiar hymns Of
their respective sections. They gather into
groups, and the old songs which are often
sung at Antioch, Bethesda and Shiloh, are
reproduced with renewed fervor and devo.
tion, as the minds Of the singers recur to
the scenes, of home. There is not that
wickedness which people usually think at.
tendant with an army, here; the Bible is a
constant companion, and the true apprecia.
ton Of the daily jeopardy Of life, is felt
and considered hv nea,,v a,l
The spirits of the regiment are, also,
oood !. i i attastea bv the orovas who f;ll f
40 noroaa o,onrds dnr;n,, Tho ;nterval from
dntv. renewing the snor.a Of bovbood in
Tho H. a,mos If ap,;son base ~ supnll men y
60. The weary nights are shortened BY
n;sb,lv ..anotion,. . where the nRamo ftbe
Yorkville enquirer. [volume] (Yorkville, S.C.) 1855-2006, 1863-02-04
LATEST NEWS,
!; Highly Important from Charleston.
CAPTURE OF a GUN.BOAT.
TWO ABOLITION G1I- -BllTs s1DEl
rhe Blockade Of Charleston Raisedl

lIA<A mi ~ N h
s = -. = =. 60. :
nu4p1psrov. Tannarv ;1-sevaral dava
aeo. Gsn. Rinlev despatched ! force of ar.
tiIlery I 1icrot,,mmaniedrby :Lieut, Col Yates,
ito James, island with the desipn. Of attack.
inc the Yankee Gun. boats cruising f IN stono
River. abont eipbt. miles from the h city-
C,l Yates nosted his pnns s.s. tventv.one il i,
nnmber il :, ,safemni.ceirole 81. reaehino On botb
sides Of the river around the e,un::boat John
p Smith and al fonr q, clock YESTERDAY
: fFriday9 afternoon. opened q concentrated
fire fii upon her She replied with broads;des.
The I engagement Do e lasted. d one ne hour, when the
Egun-boat hauled down. her flag,3 : surrender.
mo unconditionally, with one hundred and
eighty prisoners. She carried eleven d guns;
fhany of tha crew were kiiIed and wounded:
our ioss was onlv or,e man wounded. Other
ysry important move d, el,ts are in progress
here. ~ s, 5
The two iron.clad gun boats Gbicora and
Palmetto STATE with three steamers AZ ten.
dsrs. went ont bevond. the bar. at j O'clock,
this ,norn;nu q attack the bloekadera =
Er;n, heoa, 3, soo,,s safter me and for time
uaa5 az s1srus 1s1e ran;d AMI continnbns After.
wards h. :slaaked Is hut 81 continued at intervals
nnt;I q o,cIook thia morninp,. 3 Owinea, TO !
fop the, rasnlt Ia not vet aseertained Com.
= t,.,, & ,t,,a,.,J * poi,,,.tto
Yorkville enquirer. [volume] (Yorkville, S.C.) 1855-2006, 1863-02-04
.r6e Yankee commerce will soon Be pref

s6e Yankee commerce will soon be pref
tynnsafe. Z Alabama doubled the rates
sof insurance !; the Florida will still further
increase the risks, for Maf6t has just about
as much aHectionfor the enemy as Semnes,
and the Harriet Lane, commanded bysome
daredevil Texan, will do more service for
Us in month than she did for Liucolnsin q
year. ~, 49, e
Yorkville enquirer. [volume] (Yorkville, S.C.) 1855-2006, 1863-02-04
RECRUITIyG SERVICE.

pY authority of the Adi diutants md
Inspector General Of The Confederate staies partially
suspendng the opernions of die Conscript la, so M 10
permit ali Conscp 70 volunteer In the Of cf
tion and also allowing BOUNTY and oil other benefits pro-
vded by law foreY eYOLUNTEERS i viii bc at Y0ffylln
on MONDAY and TUESDAY, md ut Met conncIsyille on
FRIDAY of each week, until the first of March next. ALL
within the Conscrp ages la and 45 yea, are earnestly
urged to come forward IN 0rf thar the nvps0n
the State may be repelled and obai the important benz
eft ejotnng my company nnd they mag coase
obtain Bounty and avoid being
All persons belonging to Gen. G. w. Smith Command
absent without or beyond Leaves ac required Iepo az
once TO the undersigned who report promptly VIII BE-
pardoned except as to the forfeiture of pay Those who
do nor report before the 10th Of Februy nstan VIII
Mresed and Imprisoned until they carbc under
quad, 10 their g Gompanies. -is ~
Yorkville enquirer. [volume] (Yorkville, S.C.) 1855-2006, 1863-02-04
The Fight at Suffolk.

RICHMOND, Feb.s2.-Reliable intelli.
eence from;Suffolk states that Gen. Corco.
ran r commanded the Yankees in the recent
fight. They admit 4 loss Of five hundred
in killed and wounded. Alh> the hospitals
Eip Suffolk is filed with the wounded,
The Philadelphia Evening journal was
suppressed by Gen. schenck forpublishing
long editorial praising JEFF. Davis Mes
sage as truthful and noble in contrast with
Lincoln's.
Yorkville enquirer. [volume] (Yorkville, S.C.) 1855-2006, 1863-02-04
The Fall of Arkansas Post.

The surrender of Arkansas Post to the
Yankee land and naval forces is now fully
confirmed. AConfederate officer, who left
the Post few days before its capture, states
that our force there at that time numbered
$500. But, according to the enemy's ac-
count, the number of prisoners taken was
swollen to considerable extent by the ar.
rival of Confederate reinforcements during
the action. &
THE POST OF ARKANSAS
Is the oldest settlement in the State of
Arkansas, and was founded by the French
in 1885. For many years it was frontier
trading point, aud was the resort Of the
hunters and trsppers of the Arkansas River
and the then almost unknown4 Indian Ter
ritory. It is situated on the 6rst high
ground on The Arkansas River, andis on a
bluff about eighty feet high. Back Of the
town is sloping strip of land about half q
mile in width, extending to forest on the
edge of the bottom land reaching to White
River. Ina high stage of water this land
is overaowed, but at present is comparative.
ly dry. The bluff and the sloping ground
are cleared, while the bottom landis tor the
most part covered with dense cypress for
est. A few farms and clearings were found
but by far the larger portion has never beer
redeemed from its natural state.
Yorkville enquirer. [volume] (Yorkville, S.C.) 1855-2006, 1863-02-04
!. .,RECRUITING SERVICE.

permission to all liable TO- Gonscription, yointeer
In any Company I'M active tey do be-
fore they are enrolled MS ConscYpis hive ordere
here to receive Volunteers for Capt ATERYsS Cpnpdy5
unfecrs viii be entitled 10 BOUNTY and toa tie benefits
secured 10 yolunfeeyby law VIII be In every
MONDAY, and At Blairsyie T. u RSDA
An members of Capt. AYERY5S Company absent with
out or on expired leaye ordered report thelr CONS
panies at once for those who fab 10 the lotl
OF February VIII be tried fordesertion, snd 4
be Slot wherever found. q w, n. sldITCHEIL,s
RseluItlns ofhssr, Co; Issl Rsslnsnt, Ky
Yorkville enquirer. [volume] (Yorkville, S.C.) 1855-2006, 1863-02-04
} B ssIRECRUIT4NG SERVICE.

4NENERALsEJJUF shaglng gfYen
M petmlssion to NIL liable 70 Conscrpuo %
In any Company flIey do 50 be-
here To receive Volunteers for Capt. Company oi
any other Company In the l7t Regiment s. q: yolnn
teers VIII be entitled to md al alie heneds se-
cife 10 Volunteers by aw5 viii be IN YoIkyllla every
MONDAY, and at Clay Hill every SATURDAY - 80
An members of Capt MILLS Company absent without
or on expired eaye are ordered their Companies
at once fot dny -ihose who fail 70 report by the 1of q
February viii he tried for desertion, 81 convicted m be
shot wherever found. 5sf.: 8, E,WsWALLACE, :
s Recruiting Officer, Co. 2, l7tlfRegs s.SG.A
Yorkville enquirer. [volume] (Yorkville, S.C.) 1855-2006, 1863-02-04
sHERIFFys SALE.

Mary ]. Smith, picant, s,... !,
r4. 8 y For Partition QfsRcdl Essfdfc
MA. Wallace smfths
pY virtue Of an Order from John A.
Brown, ordlnaryof York DIstfIct viii offer pub
lie sale at York Court House, the FIRST MONDAY IN
MARCH next, the ract Of land described In the summons,
In this case lying the waters OF Fishing Creek bounded
by lands OF John w. Jones, Samuel Smith, Alexander
Strain and Others, contalaing -.
# SO ACRES. ss.s :
more or less. Sold to mike partition among the heirst
law OF. .JAMES%A. SMITH, deceased. 80 -
1ERMs SALRl2 MONTH q credit, with interest from
dayof sale purchaser give note and approved snrefes
and mortgage Of the pemses deemed necessary, 10 the
Ordinary Costs to be paid In ASH.
~ (s5} - - JAMES MASON, s.sY.sD.2
Yorkville enquirer. [volume] (Yorkville, S.C.) 1855-2006, 1863-02-04
Co1n1aissio oner's Sale Z
8 IN EQUITY.-YORK. 80

Joseph ]. Watson, Blu d Joreelese afoTtsaseS :
Caroline Culp, ct ais on Ldads &c. a.rss
TN obedience to the order of Chief JUS
III lice JOHN BELToN so,NEALL,s Il VIII expose M
public sale at York Court House on the FIRST MONDAY
In MARCH nert tho act Of and described nthe pIead
ings In above situate In York District on the east side
Of Catawba River, and continuing =
80 I46 ACRES, -
more or ess-sold Ia foreclose Mortgage In yof OF the
Complainant, Joseph ,: Watson. s,.s.;s,.ss
Said land will be sold crcdt Of SIX MONTHS, ,ex-
cept much as will pay tie costs Of tbese
whichwil be required In CASH, Purchaser VIII be- re-
qnired give bond ad good personal surety to
Possession given on tfe first of January next
81 x (S6 25 - WALTER D. METTs, q sE.y ID.
Febriiarv -5.slssS s. - - 4t
Yorkville enquirer. [volume] (Yorkville, S.C.) 1855-2006, 1863-02-04

The HIeHEsr Prices YET.--At Chris.
tianburg, Va, on Saturday last, the 18th
inst, two negros, a man and girl, were sold
for the round. sum of $500: The man
brought $3.50, the girl s2540. These are
the highest prices ever obtained in this OF
any other country. $tsgs ::5s
Yorkville enquirer. [volume] (Yorkville, S.C.) 1855-2006, 1863-02-04

SarA composition has been proposed in
Austria as substitute for ordinary gun
metal, consisting Of copper and tin. Il is
composed of 60 parts Of copper, from 80 to
IA speiter, from q TO a of iron, and from |
to 2 Of tin. The iron, which must be
wrought iron, is put at the bottom Of g cru:
cible with the copper uponit, and the whole
exposed to very high temperature: The
tin is then added, and afterwards the spell
ter. The METALS stirred, left fora minute
or two, stirred again, and afterwards cast
q twelye.pounder gun made Of the,alloy
was heavily charged with powder, rammed
full Of sand, plugged at the muzzle With q
peace Of iron, and in state fred. All the
gas resulting from the ignition Of the pow.
der escaped through the touch. hole and
not only was The gun found tobe uninjured,
but on d careful examination, not the smal:
lest alienation in Its internal diameter
could be detected. This indicates extra
ordinary toughness and elasticity. 3
Yorkville enquirer. [volume] (Yorkville, S.C.) 1855-2006, 1863-02-04

!: pg Capt. Johp Brown sonof old Kan.
Gas Ossawattomie Brown, who was hung at
Charlestown, Virginia, is one Of the officers
recently dismissed from service for being
at home, in Ohio, without leave. .5s2;s .is.
Yorkville enquirer. [volume] (Yorkville, S.C.) 1855-2006, 1863-02-04
NTOTICE-RY VIRTUE OF AN
Commissioners Sale.
TIM EOUITY.-YORK.

p. A. Thomusson, ct all nm p...;,,,.; n rnnd,
TN obedience to the order of the Court
IN above case will expose to public sale, a,
YORK ri ha aGogRr HOUSE. on the first MONDAY u win II
MARCH hext portion Of the REAL EsLAiG o. y
IACKsoN late of York District, deceased CONSISTING "
512 ACRES
oe land a,e in York District and lying on the waters O
a CREEK bounded by lands of the estate OF A.
WILSON Asnpna pna I be osrea
81 sau Ins iau io,aNpiot a. contains ONE HUNDREDANn
TwENTYFouR ACRES Plat dDs p PW Psg, aSsPES HasN
AND THIRTYTHREE, , AChES, 1pa anu EEL =
Said in state GgITyaRhd}NN aIa n5t
The above lands VIII sold on credit Of ONE ans
TWO YEARS. in equal annual WIN Sn
om day of sae Purchasers will be required 10 give pot
good snretles and pay CASH the costs Of these
proceedings, and for all Necessary papers, pIs,o
Z ISlSJ =. --I.l, M 81 :.
January !.
Yorkville enquirer. [volume] (Yorkville, S.C.) 1855-2006, 1863-02-04
command destroyed an engine and train Of
cars, and captured Sc prisoners on the
Nashville and Ghattanoo ooga Road, last Sat-
urday. :. "a. ~ f5 80. .s:

Opening OF the Charleston blockade,
RICHMOND, January 80 The Score.
tary Of State has notified the foreign Con-
suls that he has received official informa..
tion Of the opening Of the blockade Of
Charleston The belief here is that the
blockade cannot be renewed within sixty
days. S5,s 81 q.
Yorkville enquirer. [volume] (Yorkville, S.C.) 1855-2006, 1863-02-04
HTGH PRICE OF NEGROES.

WAITER B. MFRS, ESQ, Commission
ler in Equity for this District, sold on Mon.
day last, seven negroes belonging to the es.
tate Of Prudence Reid, deceased, under
decree Of the Court Of Equity, for the sum
Of Sc, ,165--an average Of $3.50. One was
negro fellow, over Fifty years old, and
three we're infants in their mothers arms.
Yorkville enquirer. [volume] (Yorkville, S.C.) 1855-2006, 1863-02-04

1@ Eighty.four. members Of the Missouri
Legislature met at Jefferson city, and a.
tdopted memorial to President Lincoln,
setting forth that there is sill underlying
the surface Of the State very large sub
stratum of reasonable sentiment, which
may break out at the first favorable oppor.
tunity, and urging Lincoln to use his Mt
most caution in recinding Or modifying Or.
ders that have coercive influence on the
couutry's enemies: 81 Z,
Yorkville enquirer. [volume] (Yorkville, S.C.) 1855-2006, 1863-02-04
..Interesting hom the West.

CHATTANOOGA, January 30.-Wheel.
er's Cavalry destroyed FIVE more transports
on the Cumberland, last Friday. The same
Yorkville enquirer. [volume] (Yorkville, S.C.) 1855-2006, 1863-02-04

x SUGAR CANE SEED WANTED.
.O0 BUSHELS Sugar Cane Seed
~ Wanted, for which the highest cash gsiSe Will BE
given; g,sn,,II Appisyso 81 f' @ n'1 Sts's; stsss;
Yorkville enquirer. [volume] (Yorkville, S.C.) 1855-2006, 1863-02-04
Jlle eaarkville Gaqllirer,
YoRKvILLE. g.
WEDNESDAY, EVENING, FEBRUARy4, 1885,.

OBITUARY NOTICES. &c.
Z All Obituary notices and Tributes Of Re-
spect leftat this office for publication, will
be rated and charged for as advertisements,
and payment required in advance.
Yorkville enquirer. [volume] (Yorkville, S.C.) 1855-2006, 1863-02-04

N ADMINISTRATORS NOTICE
An persons indebted 10 the estate OF DR.. JYM j.
GOOD deceased ARE requested to make payment to the
subscriber Immediately; those having claims ngainst he
nrescribed by law. GEO STEELE, .adnin;stratoT.a
Yorkville enquirer. [volume] (Yorkville, S.C.) 1855-2006, 1863-02-04

cieties at home, I would state that our Com
pany (F) has received the following articles,
gratis from them, viz: One pair shoes, 2
pair drawers, 3 pairsocks, pair pants and
2 shirts. The same amount was received by
the other companies in the Regiment, and
was given to the most destitute. We be.
gin to need hats about as bad as any thing
else now. I see in Raleigh, N. G., that
quantities of that useful article are manu-
factured by the ladies. They use good ar
ticle of cashmere and make a very neat hat.
wear one myself for which I gave ten
dollars. Our lady friends could make
themselves very useful and subserve the
good cause of Southern independence, if
they would get up hat factory in York
vile, and send a few out occasionally, the
soldiers will pay good profits and be glad to
get something of the kind; and the reaec'
.
tion that they were made by our kind
friends at home, would cause them to las
much longer.
The health Of our Regiments is very good
/ An occasional case of small pox occurs, hut
it travels slowly. The men are now vel
vaooinated, and the disease is very light
when it attacks those who have been so
causing them but little pain or apprehen
sion. Quite number Of soldiers have re
covered from the disease and act as nurses
thus rendering the situation Of the sic
much better here than it might be at home
Daily intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, Va. [W. Va.]) 1859-1865, 1863-01-16

,,.rt,,u.ncs, without other reference To tho
S,Ss Of SueiT trApsPortaton pAh ~ Ds
:, ntoSi ar the doe otIeritY &c ana
10 X sTch Transportation" undgT th!, !.1, Sids
Y % oSons 10 Transport the m all win ce!eTity,
"a tPtS and TecuritJ" having been SftlSa 70 DO
ts,SSI IIdG are eonstrued a. ptotlelns tor
is Sstire mail however large, and ~hHte1es may 10
h1S al e16veyanee necessary 70 insure iIs Se-
ort csrtSjnty, aud security and no others WI DC
{Irsj Fxeept In the case Of IAliIgAa and
IL t,st rnI a bGdS RaBIiHg any DaTttelAHT MODE
oSca1rlva1eE are Invariably LsieeE>u. a., .,,,
o. ,SbSi6catIon OF btdqiu any otlL essential
,rs - tHntsmount 10 new bid ana cannot " re-
irsJ 20 ID 10 interfere with regular
SSsr lie last lI1ur cot for TeeeiElng gt.' II &
new bid, with guarantee 2ng s'' ' =. s'
q postnssteTs are to be careful not 70 setly tno
t5:ianrv ofouArautrrs or surstieS Withoat RuoE1nE
tiat they are ptrsons Of sufficient ~ sG
M 6ILIsrs gtiATautoTs aud tuTeHts arc uistlHe,y
III that an ALLURE 10 enter into Or PeIloEm N 3
contracts for the service proposed i9E " ~
lid lie legal Isabilties will DO ehioIeeo against
% Present contractors, and persons known ~ inc
deTart1neut must, elEhlly with othsrs, procure
eu,Tantors and certificates Of their sueieLey sub
stnniialls IN the forms above preseIiOel Lne Cet-
ti6cate Of EnIlciency must be sgnea "
ar Ly Judge OF court o; record no TSHet GsF'in
cate will lie admitted. ,,.a.i.. Ct1s-S,T
flul2-3m AOs1N'1-'t' -