New-York daily tribune. [volume] (New-York [N.Y.]) 1842-1866, 1863-08-11
FROM CANADA.
Trouble Between Upper mud Lower Can"d"
Prospect or Secession end Rebellion.


-Prospcci Of Secession end Rebellion.
Correspondence Of Tie n. y. tribune
TURoNTO c. W., Aug. 8, 1903.
The asrect Of political affairs Canada at inc
present moment oilers many poiots OF n'e'ee' !"
Americans, for. unless am greatly mistaken "e'0
are signs indicative Of the approach oil eiss ~ .i'
Province, when war will have to be waeed against
secession and rebellion.
Bsfora proceeding to speak of the immediate
present il will be necessary 10 remind your readers
of tow, facts which may have escaped their reco
lection. The Province of Canada is divided into
two sections, East and West, or Lower and Upper
The Lower Province bias population the vast
maioriiy OF which il French and Roman Catholic.
The Dorulat.oD Of the Upper Province lie Brtsb, but
il 10 SEES ca a strong Irish Catholic element. A6ou
twenty years ago, these two Provinces were united
under one Government, TIE reOple OF each section
eieciug TO the two Houses OF Parla an equal
number OF members. vi be time OF the union tie
French were in tie majority, and they comp laued
bitterly HAT The Bltish were allowed al equal
voice with them III the representatlon lhey con-
tended that both ought 10 send members III proper
tion 10 their populations. IAe tJsei'on, as II al.
pears to me, WAS reasonable enough, but
it lid not prevail. The English Government,
not caring to trust too muchto the LOYALTY OF the
conquered race, was OF opInlon that they Wouiu nc
none the worse for icing looked after by the bFltsh
element upon whom IL could depend. llme has
inject tie calculations made. The Western Province
has increased largely in population until II oulpnin
hers ihat Of tle Eastern section by Upward OF
$50 coo souls 1t is now The turn Of the British 10
demand representati)n IN proportion 10 numbers
Unoer the guidance Of tie Hon. Geo. Brown they
have zone this for the last years but have hih-
erto been baked in their Efforts. The vey arrange
ment which was made TO enable the British minor
ity 10 c1nir TIE Frenrh majority now enables the
French minority 10 control tie Bniish majority. IL
ne ~ tbs Way.
In, Upper snd ;he Lower Province each send 65
memtors 20 the House Of Assembly. Those elected
by the Lower aIe almost 10 q man French and
Roman Ca;Lohc. They have learned TO dread the
rarid growth Of the Ango-SaXOn, they hate hrs re-
6eion, ard they cherish with a natural and mos;
psrdonabe affection the language of their ancestors.
l0tre 4aHgEe, rotre Ttifgt0a % nos iois is their
railyiuu cry. To this all resIond-so that they form
firm phaiarx, which there IS small hope OF break
iug. Wien necessity requires, the whole OF the
e. neub ags from Lower Canada, save one alone,
itand up in tie House aud vote down everything ap
preach ny representation by population. The Upper
Caiad .is are Lot 60 onits0; they have as l have
ALREADY remarked. a large Roman Catholic element
among SEEN. which contrives 10 return few MEM
hers OD It's account. These uniting with the sold
voc of tie Lower Province, turn the scale
acaiuet re'o1r. Here, TOO, as was the csse ID The
UNITED States, when tie saveocIacy occupied a
similar post in Congress 70 that occupied by the
a
there are always a number of " DOughfaces ready,
for the sake OF Office and plumber, TO betIay their
core'ituelts into the hands Of the enemy a few
Upper Canadians, voting with the French, are sui
fcieut TO prevent The gaining q representation nc
cOfGing 10 population.
Tie evils OF which Western Canada has under
tn r Fysien, 70 comrlaIl are many and gIeGt. The
reveT ge Is raised cnietiy oy duties on imports IN,
FfencL He lew manufactured articles liable 10 im-
post. Thy make their own " bomespun, they
din b.rf. - rrg
own barley-N4:er. The consequence Is that at leas
twC-hds The import duties dre paid by he TeOPle
OF the Upper Province, but Us the banks Lave tie dis
trbutoI " ib- public funds by virtue 81 tie repre-
seDlati.e Arrangement have pointed ont, they iake
the lions share Ia their own behalf. ny far the
largest poftion Of tie expenditure on public works
10 made in Lower Canada, and they 50 legislste
as not only 20 prevent Upper Canada gaining mite
positive good, but IN such way also es 10 perpetu-
ate existing evil Thus the people Of the Western
section dese enlarge the st. Lawrence canals 10
n Captcy sufficient 10 ENABLE ocean-gOlng steamers
10 pass up lie riyer 10 Kingston, Toronto and Ham
ilton. BY tbs Deaus the produce Of the West, not
less q tie great wheat and ccrn growing States Of
the river, than Of Upper Cauada, would be con-
veyec TO Europe al a large reduction upon tie pres
ent cost o; carriage. But then you see also that
MANY OF the vsssels which now stop a. Que
lee and Montreal would pGss on 10 Lake on
faT.o. This, Of course, would not SUIT Lower Cana
d. 20 tie project meets with her al powerful ogpo-
si,i.n A,a,u: IN Upper Canada the people have
municipal system ve -Dilar 10 that Of the United
State; they Gefray ali local expenses from local
fonds raised By direct taxation But, though The
French have the municipal system. more OF lees
complete, hey have a decided objection 70 direct
taxes. No Administration has yet dared % IL
troduce law - levy hem; consequently their local
expense, tie cost OF building bridges, Of koeIlog
roads N repair, oil naIu'@lnDg rthOuses and
jsIls OF cOrOneF's inquess, Of Jares, and host Of
otter matters is defraye ed out OF the general reye
nue. 70 wbic1, az lave already remarked, Upper
Cauada contributes twothlrds. This, rs you will
agree is a very comfortable arrangement for the
French IN, il il decidedly hard for Tue English.
could enumoiate 10 al indefinite extent the evils
suffered ~ Upper Canada but those have gwen
will suffice ~ indicate their nature, and 10 enable
your readers 10 understand Tie struggle which Is
now g,ing OH. Larry last year TIE John a.
Mcdonald arlieT Ministry, which supported the
present coLCllon Of tLinge, was defeated by vote
In the Holse OF Assembly and was compelled to
retire from Office. Ii Wac succeeded by Ministry
of which 4ir John Saudhed Mcdonald was Pre-
mer. IL numbered among It's members many in
favor Of representation by population, and the
whole Q: i.s Upper Canada supporters were also
advocates OF that pnuciple but they consented 10
let il remain IN Gbeytrce seeing that as the Home
was teen oorstued, 1t was impossible 70 carry it.
the Sancfe.d McDoraid Cabinet was weak;
neveftne.eas, II managed 10 carry lite
measures and TO 1--we through tie session.
Last February II again met Parliament, bat was
deeated by majority OF five; Mr.. John a. Nc
Donald, Tue lea-er Oh Inc former Ministry, moving
vote o. want Of confidence which was carried. The
cont utioual tr yiledge Of askng his Excellency,
tie Coye.nOl General for dissolution of Parlia-
ment belonged under the circumstances TO Mr.. John
Sandfeld Mcdonald, and he exercsed 1t. The
Lower House was dissolved, the people were
asked 10 say whether they would support the old
Tory party, or tie Reform party; the advocates Of
Representation by Population. To render his sue
cess tne more certain, Hr. j. Sandheld Mcdonald
dismissed from hs Cabinet the ess popular mem
ters and filed up the vacant places with men more
likely to get the voice Of the Upper Canadian psope
al least. lis tactics net with great AT the
polls and the English portions of the Province re-
t.,..-.A IorLa ms Inr-tY uhn AVG aiunch aud