The Emporia news. [volume] (Emporia, Kan.) 1859-1881, 1863-05-16


ing or growing vines, branches or side
ground-shoots. If persons desire to prop
agate vines in this manner, they may null
tiply or spread them in very few years
over very large space of ground. If it is
intended to leave these layers in the ground,
where they are sunk, it is necessary that
they should be laid down as deep as cut
tings are, say twenty inches; but where
these .'layers" are made with a view to have
them form roots, to be afterwards trans
planted to other localities, they may be
sunk about eight inches. Permanent layers
are a convenient and much to be recon-
mended method to FIJI any vacancies IN a
vineyard, which may arise either from the
failure of the planted cutting, or from some
old grapevine having been injured.
Grating and inoculating grape-vines are
done under the same rules as grating and
inoculating fruit trees generally.
The safest and most advantageous propa-
cation and multiplication of vines in plant
ing vineyard is through cuttings. They
are easier obtained, and are least expensive
l am free to say that | prefer cuttings to
grape roots. even at the same price, and for
the following reasons: They remain in the
there at once permanently form their roots.
These first virgin roots, especially at the
foot, can never be supplied by any second
growth. Grape roots are removed before
being planted out permanently, and there
fore their very fine roots are injured. Grape
roots may bear one year earlier than cuttings,
but beyond that much coveted and at least
doubtful first year, every consideration is in
favor of the cutting.
In planting slips or roots, observe the fol-
lowing: Holes at the distance of from to 5
feet apart, and twenty inches deep, should
be dug in the trenched ground, in which,
then, the young plants (if slips two, if
roots only one to a hole) are placed. Care
must be used that very fine, good soil be
used next to the vine in filing up the hole.
The top eye ought to be covered with fine
soil to the depth of two inches, and stand
about one inch below the surface of the
ground. Some put in Their grape slips or
roots perpendicular, others slanting; either
of these plans is as good as the other, &C
cording to my experience.
THE WINTER AND SUMMER GROWING.
". To speak here of these operations, so
that they could be understood by persons
not practical wine growers, would take up
too much space; these operations can only
be practically acquired. AS far as regards
winter growing. I will only say that as much
as possible the old wood should be remov-
ed; while tits the duty of the summer trim
mer to train new wood for the next year,
and to remove all unnecessary shoots and
tendrIls.
CULTIVATION OF THE SOIL.
V. Before any cultivation Of the ground,
the vineyard should be cleared of all the
offal of the previous trimmings. The offal
should be packed down in those spots in the
vineyard which have tendency to wash.
The soil of vineyard should not be cult
waited except in dry, warm weather, espe-
cially in spring. would suggest the fol-
lowing as the best and cheapest plan to
cultivate the soil of vineyard, which ought
to be worked round three times in the
course of a season: The first operation should
take place before or about the middle of
May, and be performed with a heavy hoe or
mattock; the second as soon as the vines are
through blossoming; and the third early in
the fall. For the last two operations, an
ordinary shovel pillow may be used; but, of
course, the hoe has to be applied around the
head of the vines.
THE TYING UP OF THE VINES.
VI. Two modes are principally used. The
vines are sometimes tied to one or more
stakes (''bow system") about seven feet
high; another method is to train them on
trellises The latter consider the more
preferable in our climate, as the high winds,
which are so prevalent here, cannot do so
much harm to the young shoots as when
tied up to stakes.
MATURING.
The best manure for = vineyard is and
will be compost manure, if got up right, and
l suppose most of our farmers know how
to do it. 1t ought to be well rotted, and
from 5 to 90 good two horse loads per acre
would be enough.
In our virgin soil a vineyard will not
need manuriug the first three years; then
would recommend to have the ground ma
nured every alternate year; when the
ground is naturally very rich, it should be
done every three or four years. The fall of
the year l consider the best time to manure
a vineyard.
IF vineyard has been planted out, aud
treated according to the above hints, it will
bear a full crop in the fourth year after
planting, namely: if all things are and have
been favorable, from two hundred to three
hundred gallons of wine to the acre, worth
at least 81 per gallon, will be obtain
ed, and consequently large interest on the
capital invested-say $500 to 81, 900 per
acTe-is realized. AS the wine bearing and
wine manufacturing districts in Europe
principally in Germany, France and Italy
in spite of the very low price of the article
in those countries, contain the richest pop
ulsiion lthe growing of the vine being so
much more profitable than that of any other
producel il ought to receive great deal Of