davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The New York herald., 1863-10-13

upon Tie rails 10 a distance OF about ty yards Greh
woodcn then shut guard against injury G. tho
n1ohiacry or wDrknen and the holes are iliied wnh
powder which ignitod ~ neins Of fuse There are
tw b'asls ,esy taeny four hDurs II requires long
tine 10 get rid Of tho foul sasos podaced BY tho expo
Sion and tho dobrisfrom hour to four and
hall hours-so that but stow progress IS made NOT
more than Eve feet Of tunnens can be done daily 'rom
side at hch ra,ot woud 70 finish It,
But machines are beng made which II s supposoo VIII
expcdiie the work aboa third. that SIX years may
suffice to see II completed It's estimated cost s three
millions OF dollars.
The sides Of the Moat Cenis tunnel lined with the
excsystbi stone. and the roof with brick work. pe
walls vertical and tho roof semcircar The lining
carried about foot below the roadway and makes
nitro jout with the rock t. convert the euestra
tum into natural invert ttlo over mile. OF nearly
the sixth Of tho tunr cling is 6nishoa the tunnel will
have oootinuous gradient. falling the Savoy snd TO
wards Italy at the rate Of nve handrod The ap
proachos arc rather steep boug about aty
side and in forty tho other The height Of the
tunnel above the s at Its italian entrance foac thou
sand three hundred end shirty ono feet
A TUNNEL THROUGH MOUNT GOTHARD.
The Rdie OF Turin states that conferences lately
held At Lucerne for tho Of discussing the exped
cncy Of piercing tunnel through Mount Gothard pee
grts from thirteen canons and three half cantons at
tended the population represented by them amounting
about two maious Of souls The two companies or tho
Swiss Ccntrsl aud Northeastern lines were also repre-
sented NJ Zing, Of Lucerns read report drawn up by
H. Welt civa engineer, the whole line from Flleien
Iugano According TO of tho two projects present
ed, tho tunnel 70 be pierced at altitude OF twelve
hundred metres above the eve, Of the and at
hundred metres above that Of Arolo Iessn) and Goes
chenen tur) It's length s hundred and fifty ,hroe
kilometres and it may be pierced by the aid OF two
shafts one hundred sixtyslx and the other two
hundred and nnetyslx metres In depth. According 70
the second project the tunrel TO be pierced at an altitude
Of fifteen hundred metres above the level OF che sea.
which is that Of the celebrated bospce will only be
ninety eight kilometres in length; but, ts set on the
rest Of the line passes through themos unfsyorable
ornu uoeeih
The New York herald., 1863-10-13
A FRANCO. AMERICAN LINE.

There Is also project foot 10 establish line OF tsis
graph from France 70 Brazil The French government
has taken the initiative, and the governments ofshaa
Denmark Italy, Portugal, Hayt and Brasil reported
. having eagerly adhered TO the project.
The New York herald., 1863-10-13
FRENCH, ENGLISH AND RUSSIAN RAIL.
PDNDS

France had At the time in operation .x tholsaud
and fifty miles Of railroads; England aud Wales about
thousand the whole OF Great Britain abou, ten
thousand while Russia had, between lines opeued snd
thsss PRO ectcd and In Of construction only two
thoasnd six hundred miles about one hundred leas than
New York has in actual exploration The great Ru an
lines Of rairnad arc, or sre to be, as follows
The New York herald., 1863-10-13
TUNNELS ON THE BALTIMORE AND OHI(
ROAD

We believe that the extent Of tunnels the Baltimore
and Ohio road in that Part Of II which through the
mountainous section Of Virginia, is greater than on any
other road in this country, and they have added i'm
mensey to the cost Of that WORK. The loisest the
line is the Kngswood tunnel 4l37 feet fournfths Of
a mile in length, and their aggregate extent IL l2s04
feet or about two aud half miles.
The New York herald., 1863-10-13

RAILROAD AUKOSS THE ANDES,
Aud 20, nooe OF these enterprises compare pop,
OF magnitude and difficulty Of execution with the Central
Argentine Railway 10 South Amcrics, which 70 be
ricd scros, y though the cordiIerss N The Ands u
The New York herald., 1863-10-13
reoJECYED CANALS IN CANADA.


or 'sbadan nsghbors are not behind ourselves in
projects g. ths nssurc any than they arc ia great
csOsd entermise-. Thoy have their Grand Trunk and
Great Western raIoads, and thoir WeAnd, Rdeau ard
itchire l.s,ids can,s They have the project OF Pa
ciicfa lcoad hsvo md thcyI have also their plan
OF ship canal to AXE Huron wita tho river at
lawrence Besides this. they PROPOSE, by tho Ottawa
Causi 10 p,uch Of the Of AXE Michigan
throagh their iortals 10 tho BY this iast
men,oned work axe Michigan is to be brought nearer.
Iy n.ne'y miles 10 Moatrea than TO Buffalo, and TIVE
h'rdrcd and nineteen n,'loz nearer to New York
via Msare,I than vit Buffalo correspondent
Of the London Dtiy Ee.Oi sets out i'll a
ate nonber OF .ho. irna the advantages of the fro
posed Ottawa Canal Spoikng OF tho cost Of transporting
the produce OF the Northwest 10 Europe, he says
Tue route now yc,od by ,he corn in s trausi. is ~
crcuitcus 50 lnpoled by obstacles nocesstatng trans
s ,ncnt hat the freight amounts 10 40 per cent 0f
tue cost he corn at its point ei departure In other
words. every Gioo worth Of corn shipped at Chicago
e'sts cldo to bring to liverpool. Ia this way Of the
twelve ald lsif snilr paid in 1861 by ngand for
American ccrn anh meal, seven ant half millions
p,d or carriage. Nor i, this iul vixen wo
III whoh j. situated almost at the lowest extrciny Of
Lake achsn. ara . ,wsys desrsas below the para lei
Ave degrees OF latitude, the entire length OF Isxe
mn gan s.csss aSa as sre, Sesd Of e. one naaae
d-gfees o! latitude Afterwards. Raining "a ncrtn
eas,ery direction Tor two hundred miies, II passes
turning sonth for the last ino u descends TO New
York irring this cirruitous Journey cf $50 mites IL
has Is ice trayti'ei moth l.co south, twice s and
has hccn twice trans shipped. Ibc is intended
rA,sl eossamrton, and for nire hundred miles il has
passed acne Eritsh coasts II then OFF into the
territory Of TIC United states, aud is shipped England
10 the nor Of New York II s from these that the
freight o. wheat anoants to One h II, ts price OF lour
iard. and o Indian 10 seyen-eghtis such are
the difficulties Of tho present route. Ict eSmre
the advantages OF the projected in place o: H. cur
soy glance at the viii show that if pass re could
be 0und from the upper part Of Lake fron tAe 81
lawrence near Mont cal &C hogi get rid r the tedious
and dangerous voyage through Lakes Huron, Ffs, and
Ontario In fact, straIght line tie c,th OF lake
Huron Ia Montreal would tpr the chord nf the arc which
throc.h the lakes the chord bclas huldred
miles IN length, aud tAe arc one Thousand miles. This
chord represents the 1ne NJ the proposed canal
The New York herald., 1863-10-13
'AaxKfsA J

nnzkxz
4. ov"pany hid down cabo Of some toartsen mas1
"e"sh IN northumberland Strait and apothar or .ho,(
es"'' mies 10 tho Gulf Of st. Lawrence between csul
rese" and Newfoundland. Ia 1855 tina At,a,,,. -
.o"papy was organized and purchased from tbs Nsw<
o1"o""a company its right 60 establish a saumsr,ns
''"' oe'ween Europe aud Newfoundland Tho frat Al,
.oop& 70 lay the cable betw son yaeat. and g, Iohn.
august 1857, failed. the cable having through inosr
~ "hchinory brok on tho third day that the Niassr.
paying !" out and there enough left on board
' 's'so @"u 'no English vessel. tho Agameninoo u
soso" from soore 70 shore In tho summer ar $40 hs
S''en' was moro successful tine communication bs
tween the Old and the Now World wu esab,,shsa ,,.
sStremes Of the cable having been landed tho ona A.
'asntA ana tho Other At st. Johus oa THURSDAY In.
9th August.
On the 10Th the message Of Queen Victoria 10 prcsu,n,
buchanan was sent through aud although IL consistod NJ
onv hundred words u occupied sixteea hours Ia ts
transmission. The Presidents response arrived Ia Eng
land the l9th On the Of September an ,ntscru,
ton took place, that Ineligible messages could bs
received and after tho Goth Of October another wora
passed through the conducting wire The value Of The
teesrapho connection between the two worlds was how.
evcr eseinrt1et N the fact that while Il opera
,ion the Ensish government saved about quarter o(
milton or dolaTs by being able 10 counter maDd ordes
wnrh 1t had previously sent 70 tho Sixty second rcgi
mens to return To EDgand route to India news OF the
oatng"sament Of the Sepoy revolt having been recsvsA
In the meantime.
His reported that in the twenty three days during
wnsca the communication kept up--from the 1oth
OF august TO the Lat Of soptemberibere wsre
m'too through tho line two hundred aud ssventy ons
despa'ches containing two thousand eight hundred anl
es"y nve words or nearly fourteen thousand iettera
rne company, not deferred by these repeated fAiures
again 10 tha asd, has secured capital Of three mai
Hons oil do'ias, and has made CONTRACT with the arm
Glass. Elliott 60. tosy the Atlantic cable usxt SUM.
mar Tho distance 10 sixteen hundred and forty nautical
ro'es but. allowing fifteen Der cent for slack the a.
teA length q she cAtie will BE- eighteen hundred saa
eighty nssscal mica. The subsidy tho two goyers
rnsnts fiaDt 1he capacity OF the line calculated
at twelve words m,ate, and lis gross revenue,
At that low rats OF speed. IL estimated at f43s o0e
ser'.ngo Two millions OF dollars, This based
The assumption the, there will be hundred and forty
messages day oach way, the average communicates
between Grsat Eriian and the continent being 6ftess
hundred messag ss daily. ~
The New York herald., 1863-10-13
THE HOOSAC TUNNEL.

Tho Ioosic Mountain lying between the Connecticut,
and the Hudson rivera. in Massachusetts,, bear
comparison with the Alps the Pyrenees; and yet the
tunnel tho Troy and Greenfield road falls little, II at
all short or either the Mont Cents or the international
tunnel Of the Alrides Lake those II csnnot be worked
by the ordinary method Of sinking shafts account Of
the height Of the mountain, but has 10 be opened from
either end. s four and half miles 10 length, and ise
internal dimensions fourteen by eighteen fses The
material through which it Is cut is mca slate. In 1854
the State Of Massachusetts, authorized loan OF It's credit
70 the company for the execution OF tie work Of two
millions Of dollars, the bonds to be delivered monthly at
the rate Of y dollars for every linea foot excsvated
The New York herald., 1863-10-13

proceeds to illustrate s commercial importance
IL SHOWS that the OF the lakes carried N meets
composed OF GAS vessels and steamer reaches III vuo
between $500 900 $500 900 900 per annum mo
commerce Of Mississippi and It's great riontTies' %
fore tina rebellion IL is believed was not less Ia value
direct union bclween theso waters will DO like the
union Of two Ccelns Tho Sac, Canal does not compare
In importance with ship from the Mississippi 70
tie Iss sbo tho outlet 10 tho Atlantic by the aast Is
elaaly favorable TO tho comm ,rcai development and
unity country Is claimed that have reached
point where with our present means OF transportation.
the production of cora and ohor cereals cannot 20 any
great cdont DO rrohtably increased. This position is
sustained In the memorial by Of statistics which
spprcay are carxhiy prepared. II IA Claimed that
With the canals enlarged proposed production may DO
stimulated hu.drod fold and stl yieid fair pro0t to
he pFohnr a5 territory west Of tho AXES 70 the Rocky
Mountains, and from Cairo and Men.ihs, ucrth 10
ana including Aiaaesoa. will 10 brought pratic,ly iin
areia OF miles nearer nekot ncretsne la value every
scs Il land throughout this vast ,iut the trade Of
thc NJ ssissifrs Valley win at distant day be aug
mented W contributions from the surtsrous regions Of
the kccxy Mountains. the Valley cf the Columbia. aud
TIC fchc coast Tho copper and iron Of Lake SUPERIOR
the iead Of lhnois 41ansn, the cod neds Of the
eat basin, end tn silver snd go, the ROCKY Noun
tans sp nj add % The wealth cal production Of the
geo . yyosf -3s t |i t'
The New York herald., 1863-10-13
AGGREGATE OF SUBMARINE LINES.

AGGKEEATE OF SUBMARINE LINES
without gopg iuo details Of ths submar teIegrat&
aow IN operation The globe, may say W way d
summary, ih,, In tho Old World are some ssvss
thousand miles Of cahc being worked ia this
try tbers arc great number OF tines, all with az
ception, under thfeo miles In length but amounting
tho aggregate to quite large figure.
The New York herald., 1863-10-13
RAILWAYS IN TURKEY. ASIA. ETC

The oSmans and Asacs have felt the wave Of modern
progress, and have yielded 10 iis force Inc sublime
PorM has awakened from the le,Srgy u ages and
abandoned the company Of bs tor that Of
The Euphraes Valley Railroad II one Of the important
links bot~een England and India How tamisrly sound
the names OF The principal points Hoe. IL ruus
from Antioch 90 the river ocontos, the Nedtcrrr
mean 10 Ragdad thence s,rtng the ruins Of Babylon
the city Of Kornsh, at the confluence u tn, Eapbrs,..
and rgrs and ,hcuce 70 tue seaport OF Bssora whence
the Euphgstes navgablo down 10 he Persian Gulf
20 tie ndsn Ocean. Tho lsugh ~ the railroad hoe
Is 200 mites Par, OF II IS, we believe already IL ac.
,uaI operntcn Us Importance however, as highway
70 the East will be considerably diminished or the CON.
potion ~ the suoz Canal, which will render ransshp
men, entirely unnecessary aud ousble tine steamships
oonns through the Mediterranean enter the REQ SEA
and sail down II through tho STRATUS % Babel bsrdel iao
the indian Ocean
In india the Bagsh government IL urging forward The
construction Of railroads, bong principally stimulated
thereto by the desire OF promoting the prcntsbe culture
OF cotton
The New York herald., 1863-10-13
OTHER GREAT RAILROAD STRUCTURES.

We have space for further details OF these great
works and can do than refer a few Of them
The tunnel built 10y Nc Ilaupt the summit OF the
Pennsylvania Railroad dificut undertaking
than Brune famous Thames tunnel
The stsrrceca viaduct on the Eric road, built BY Julius
Ad,ms Is most stupcndous and magnificent piece OF
work.
The railroad suspension bridge the Niagara, built
by Roenlng, is nearly twice the span Of sephensoas
great tubular bridge In England the largest structure OF
the kind 1t Is eight hundred feei in span.
The railway bridge that spans the Delaware iusi below
tue mouth Of the IchIgh river has most colossal proper
tons II carries two tracks twenty feet above the
other the uppor connecting the Iehivh Valley road
with the New Jersey Central. aud the lower with
BeIy dere Delaware. After crossing the bridge tile
upper desccuds gradually I'm, at the distance u
abou, half mile, they meet upon tho common level and
are switched Of ON tho same track.
The Baltimore, Philadelphia and Wilmington Railroad
Company is engaged in building magnificent bridge
across the Susqrchsnns river si Havre de Craze whore
IN TO this tms the crossing is made by steamboat.
The New York herald., 1863-10-13
THE RAILROAD SYSTEM OF THE UNITEl
STATES

In this connection glance at the extent Of the railroad
system OF this country not inappropriate. There were
the st OF January 1862 Ia the whole Of the United
States thirty three thousand hundred and twenty
two miles Of railroad in actual operation, and seventeen
thousand eight hundred aud ninety miles in Of
construction, making aggregate OF fftyone thousand
ono hundred fourteen miles, the cost OF which
down at the enormous ngure OF eleven hundred and
ninety two millions four hundred thousand Eve hundred
and twenty -four dollars Of money which would 60
9uaang our national debt. More than two.thirds
OF the Of lines actually operated the resl, OF
the previous years enterprise for the Is, Janu
ay 1852, railroad system only represented length
Of ten thousand nine hundred mes The single State Of
New York has exclusive Of city nes) two thousand
seven hundred and ten miles Of railroad The total cast
OF The construction and equipment Of the railroads OF this
state (inellsve Of city roads, given in years an
rua rspor. OF the State Enguoe and Surveyor at one
hradred and fortytv millions Of dollars and their ag
gregs,e earnings FOR the preceding year twenty nno
ulions Ave hundred AMI seven thousand one hundred
and eighty iol,Ns
The New York herald., 1863-10-13
6,0O0,000
f2O,OO0,OoO

Without much doubt. the through and way freight aud
the way passengers the Pacific Railroad would be
less than ten millions year, which, added the sum
before mentioned mikes the gross proxmae income per
annum $50 coo.
fair div dcId On the estimated cost-$l2O 900 900.
If be said tho ilSms Which GRE hero enumerated
estimated, may be replied that before the
be completed another decade Of history will have
TRANSFERRED and Western progress will than compen
safe for possible errors.
Work has been commenced and is going on sinlulta
neouslv from the western and eastern erin Of
and in the Of ton years less may expect
the great Pacific Railroad one OF the actaaes Of the
age, and the North American continent travorsed from
by the iron horse now by the cleo.
trio telegraph That will be the GROWING triumph Of the
century.
THE RAILROAD SYSTEM OF THE UNITED
STATES,
Mineral Point weekly tribune. (Mineral Point, Wis.) 1859-1868, 1863-04-01
The Rolls of Honor-Make a Bold, Clear
Record.

Go on and organize your Union Leagues.
Write out the bond in bold, broad, un-
mistake hand. Let whomsoever will,
be they old or young, of either sex, of
whatever nation, religion, or race, sign it.
Let each subscriber take certificate of
membership, frame it in the costliest man-
ner he can afford, suspend it conspicu-.
ously in his saloon or in his cabin, pre-
serve it with the care a miser bestows on
his gold, and bequeath it at his death to
whomsosver he loves best. The diploma
will grow IN value as years roll away and
happy generations succeed each other in
The glorious land we have inherited.
Only those who are physically active
ana athletic can secure to themselves the
greater honor of having their names borne
on the muster-rolls of the army and navy
of the United States, which l am sure will
never be suffered to perish. Those of Us
to whom this privilege is denied, through
age or intirrnity, are unworthy of our re-
lationship to the heroes of our country if
we do not, with our voices, our votes. and
our treasure, sustain them ia the trials of
the camp and the dangers of the field, con-
sole their families in their fears and their
prlvations, and willingly prepare wreaths
70 crown, when their service ends, tho
returning soldiers of freedom, defenders
OF the Republic, and saviours of the IN
ion.- WN. II. Seward.
Mineral Point weekly tribune. (Mineral Point, Wis.) 1859-1868, 1863-04-01

LOOKING AFTER THE FAITHFUL.--Judge
Oothren, the Democratic nominee for
Ohlef Justice, paid our city a visit on
Monday last. His mission, we understand,
was 10 consult with the faithful, and at
the same time CONVINCE few '.Republi-
cana" that he Is frst-rate representative
of their principles" or course, beir z
endorsed by Sat. Clark and numerous
other copperheads, his proofs were COZ.
Mineral Point weekly tribune. (Mineral Point, Wis.) 1859-1868, 1863-04-01

~S~~
milton.
Bearing in mind then that the inquiry
relates only to such rights of citizenship
as this State could confer, with respect to
itself alone, how should it be determined
upon our constitution and laws with re-
spect to the class of persons to which the
petitioner in this case belongs The an
swer must be that there is no room for
doubt that it was the intention to confer
upon such persons, as far as it was possible
for the State to do so, the full rights OF
State citizenship. In the srst place, those
persons had an equal voice with any 9th
er citizens in establishing the constitution
itself. By section 9, article IA, they were
authorized to vote upon its adoption or
rejection. By the article on suffrage,
they are made qualified electors,
and are eligible to all offices
except as governor, lieutenant governor
o. Judges. II the granting of these rights,
the right to participate in establishing the
very framework of the government, of an
equal voice in choosing all officers under
it, and the right to hold all offices with
very few exceptions, does not indicate an
intention to create them citizens of the
State, it is difficult to imagine from what
such an intention could be inferred.
This distinction between citizenship Of
the State, and of the United States is also
very clearly implied, In several provisions
both of the constitution and laws of this
State. Thus wherever the full right of
citizenship Of the United States is intend
ed, it Is SO expressed. As in respect to
the Office of governor, lieutenant governor
or judge, it is provided that no person
shall be eligible who is not q citizen of
the United States.' This form of express
ion never would ave been used if it had
been supposed that no person could be
citizen of the State, without being also q
citizen of the United States. In that case
the word e citizen" alone would have been
used. An instance of this kind is found in
the Bill Of Rights, section Is, which pro-
vides that, mo distinction shall ever be
made by law between resident aliens and
citizens, in reference to Che possession, en-
joyment or descent of property" Nov it |
seems very clear that the words, resident
aliens" as here used, were not intended to !
include those who had declared their in
tentions to become citizens, and thereby
Mineral Point weekly tribune. (Mineral Point, Wis.) 1859-1868, 1863-04-01

their intentions, many might be drawn
who were wholly unable to discharas the
duties. Hence this discrimination in the
law On that subject. But no such reasons
exist why those persons should not share
the burdens o1the commonldefence, there
fore the militia law drops the language
which is used where full citizenship OF
the United States is intended, and provides
that all able bodied citizens" shall be
liable to military duty. This change OF
phrsseology was not accidental or un
meaning, bat was evidently based upon
we'll understood distinction between a
citizen of the state merely and citizen
of the United States.
The commissioner who decided this
case below, considered the change in our
law from the word ",person to the word
"citizen," as very important and as having
been done with the intention to exclude
persons who bad declared their intentions.
But that change is easily accounted for
without assuming any each purpose. The
word "person in the old law would
have included aliens who had not declared
their intentions at all. 1t was to exclude
them that the change was made, and it
does not at all warrant the conclusion that
the Legislature designed to exclude all who
were not full citizens of the United Sta ties.
On the contrary, by emitting the Ian
guage with which that intention Is always
expressed, it appears clearly that they had
no such purpose.
And I think the word "citizen" was
used 10 the acts of Congress in the came
sense. The original act of 1872, as already
shown, provided for the enrolment of all
s. able bodied white male citizens of the
States" This language expressly
refers to citizenship of the States, and
although the same language might some
times be construed to mean only such
State citizenship, as brought the party