The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1863-03-22

NAPOLEON AND THE POLES.
The Of Napoleon Effected temporary changes in the
position Of Poland, but they not Of such fuuda
mental character the Poes who were SO prodgal OF
their blood in his cause, had right expect Instead
restoring the ancient kingdom OF Poland he simply
suod the grand duchy OF Warsaw and united 1t with
saxony He had guaranteed to his unstable ally, Aus
tra, her Polish domnions After the disastrous cam
pagn of 1912 the grand duchy OF Warsaw ceased to exist
and annexed to Russia under the title Of kingdom o.
Poland This subsequently confirmed by the treaty
OF Vienna.
THE TREATY OF VIENNA.
The clause Of the treaty OF Vienna referring TO Poland
reads
The duchy Of Warsaw with the exception Of those pro,
70 Eussa II shall DO rregocably bound 70 the Russian
Emperor all the Rssas his heirs and successors for ever
Austria and Prussia acceded to similar arrans emonts
and az ced give to their Polish subjects national re-
prosecution. Wo that Mr Disrac in late debate in
the House Commons the Polish question: gave great
credit Lord Clsereagh who represented Great Britan
the veun conferences for hs exertons on that occa
sion behalf OF Poland stating that being unable T.
effect The restoration Of Poland be stipulated for its indc
pcIdcncc, and that, although is might aotcreae an o5e,
lion iyrt of Urea, Britain, l. 9are aer moral rsh
70 ilisJere ~ nc prem, struggle
TINE CONSTITUTION OF 1915.
The Emperor Alexander L. who protested great friend.
shin FOR Poland il reported have sadqs in fact the
treaty Of Vienna stpuated-'tThe kingdom Of Poland
uha be united tho empire OF Russia By the title Of it,
own constitution, which am DESTROYS OF founding the
happiness Of the country" The kingdom or Poland
was proclaimed the 10Th OF June 1915, and consttu-
tiou charter granted oath OF December following Its
principal articles freedom Of religion, tho Catholic
70 the state Church. liberty OF the press the use Of the
Polish language IN tho transaction OF public business and
the employment OF Poles exclusively In civil and military
onces tho national representation to be vested two
houses kings OF Poland to be crowned at Warsaw and to
swear observe tho charter the tribunals to BIO occupied
by Judges partly nominated by the king and partly
elected BY The paa,inates. The constitution Is now but
thing os history and all its principles have been long
abandoned ~ reversed In the administration OF govern
meat systematic but futile effort has been persisted
many pas, 10 suppress the use OF tho Polish
language and eradicate all Of distinct natioa
and in that general policy the kingdom Of Poland has
been Rbgulyed into Russia.
THE REVOLUTION OF 1880.
For ave yours the Affairs Of Poland went peacefully
and aros?ervrsy and Alexander began 10 congratulate
h,msod the Of MS concilaory policy but with
The apsnt,acn u the Grand Duke Constantine as Com.
manaet Ghie! In Poland, and virtually Kings Lieu
tenant, % discomfort between king
and pcoic shich huay culm tho revolution
1890 st,ch commenced BY unsuccessful attempt 10
sec erson n the Grand Duke h,s palace Of Belve
dee the outskirts o. warsaw The revolution spread
10 the csmgagn Of ls2o3l the Poles exhibited the most
uadaerci 10. useless yaor and al ast com pctcy
defeated by tac Russians under Paskcv,ch In the me
mofabe three days battle Of Warsaw on the 5h eth and
7h september 1881 Several " the leaders connected
with the pcscn struggle also took part 10 that one which
ouy resulted in ng the condition or Poland m no n
to'erebe than II was before.
TWO GREAT ntSroRic CHARACTERS.
Two Tho IN the revelation Of 1880 are 40 iut