davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The southern enterprise. [volume] (Greenville, S.C.) 1854-1870, 1863-08-20
For tho Southern Enterprise.

MeSSrS. Editors
The people Of the interior and upper
portion of South Carolina do not seem
to have appreciated the importance Of
orygnizrtion among themselves. Ispeak
now Of non>conscripts and exempts,
The idea Of their ever being molested
in the enjoyment Of the luxuries and
comforts of life bv raiGing part, Of the
enemy, never seems to have entered chair
head. 1t ia ridiculed as one Of the im~
probabilities IL not impo,sibiIities "f lns
war. God grant that their confide,,ye
may never be disturbed. Bat "a fcw
questions 10 the citizens Of r5th Coz
gressional District as being mQHe' dt
rerhv interested, may or may unt have
a ain amount Of sig.ilicenc" As, III"
reader may or may not be alive to his
duty to the country and to his safety
and interest. Is East Tennessee suffi-
GENTLY protected to prevent its occupa.
tion by the enemyi" What Is the dis
lance from the Tennessee line to Green
vile O. H.9 Once in their possession,
are there public buildings, mills and
factories enough in the 5th Cengression-
| al District to attract their vandalism 2
Should there be, is there a sufficient or
ganiza.ion among the people to protec:
theu, and their horse, cattle, and other
property WouI the enemy avail
himself Of tie opening IL there should
be one~Sfsvade, burn. piilage, and escape
;. with inpaaityl r1appsai TO the expe.
fienee ofother exposed portions Of the
Coufoderacy to answer the. latter qaes
ton. But say the oonadaut, = This i,
| all stuff-m Idle alarm. The .ene,n,
have not possession of Esst Tepnessee-
may not occupy It. Time enough I,
I organize when they Do" hut who
even among these prophetio " ise -sc,s
-apathelie dropes miserable eroakers
criminal spectators, WHO, would sol
the county andits. deareAt interest ,sel
! the blood which has besa spit upon tn,
4 altars Of thst souatty. and barter viii
tie bones af tkoss gaIlantspirits 'wh,
have perished in its defence, t"advanc
The southern enterprise. [volume] (Greenville, S.C.) 1854-1870, 1863-08-20

Bis specula.ions. in cotton cloih, DC
8. All persons buying. and selling
any Of these articles BY wholesale,
that is. to say, -bv csyoes or in
whole packages, will be taxed on his
profits at 10 per cent. 6. All petsons
selling any of these articles At auction,
thereby making profits, will be taxed at
10 per cent. 7. This tax will have TO
be- returned and collected on. the lSs
day Of July, 1853, or as soon thereafter
as possible, and will'not continue longer
than the .presen: year. -. = >a>%''
F. vi. CLAss.-A. tax IN Ei6.t. THIS
tax is very clearly defined in ,ha Act,
IN see.) the only trouble is III having
1t properly enforced. The Act states
what articles Of produce SHAH be ,axca,
and in what proportion 1: Some Of
the productions taxed in this way. are.
obviously SO perishsble that. t.ihey can,
not be removed, (sweet potatoes, y nor
used, except where produced in The i'm.
mediate vicinity Of an army, and in
such cases by direction of the Secretary
Of The Treasury they will bcspaid for in
value by tho tax payer, or sold by the
direction Of the Secretary Of War, a.
the case may be. Q. The planter or
farmer. shall take out first what the Act
allows for his family, then the one tenth
shall be levied upon the crop as tax,
and the remaining nine-:enihs shall 90
TO the producer for his profits or the
support Of his plantation or farm. 8:
In this Section tho word cor" must be
construed "and the tax payer can
take 100 bushels Of corn sn,l;5O bush.
els Of wheat. 4. In case of absence of
tax payer or disagreement, he must
then make personal inspection and pro.
ceed as the Act directs. 5. The pro-
duce will have 10 be returned and as
sessed as soon rs harvested. 6. On the
lst March, 1864, every planter or farm.
er shall return 10 the Assessor for his
District the number and weight ofhogs
slaughtered between the oath April,
1868, and the 1st March, 1864, and the
return or estimate shall DO delivered TO
the Quartermaster, and the planter,
farmer or grazicr, instead Of delivering
one.tenth, Of such freshly killed pork,
shall deliver cured bacon ut the rate Of
60 lbs. Of bacon for every 100 weight
of uRcured pork thus if his one>tentIi of
uncured pork is 1000 lbs. his equiya.
lent,iu cured bacon will be COO lbs. a..
The business of gathering the Tax in
kind will be intrusled 10 Post Quarter.
masters and their agents. 8. The Col-
lectors and Assessors working under
this office will be contiued TO their as.
iessments, and 10 their lists and books,
and TO the care and preservation Of
such receipts and ether papers as will
show the amount Of individual assess
ments, and The aggregates in their re.
spcctivc Districts. o. Minute and par.
ticular instructions cannot now be given
in these particulars, until the forms to
be used are received from die Comrnis>
sioner of Taxes, to whom: the Act refers
all such matters Of detail respecting how
the work is TO DO performed.
JOS. DANIEL POPE.
State Collector.
The southern enterprise. [volume] (Greenville, S.C.) 1854-1870, 1863-08-20

BRAzILIkN -NEUTRALur.--Ths EN-.
peror 'ox Brazil has caused another cir
cular TO the Governors ofths Provinces
to be i,sped by the: Minister Of Foreign
Affairs with the siaw Of giving wider
circulation, TO the directions issued in
August, SOL, IN which are ST forth
the principles regulating the neutrality
which the Imperial Government re
solved TO ASSUME in view Of The struggle
in the United States.p The conditions
on which. the potts and barbors Of the
empire are open 10 the beMgerents are
defined in This maVifssto. The closing
paragraph reads as follows :.
"An6. inasmuch as the steamer Ala
bama, Of The Confederate Stalss, has
openly violated she neutrality Of our
Eempire, Infringing thsS dispositions OF
our circular of the lat of August, 1861,
| making the Isisud Of Ria the base oi
her operations for the purh bose Of carry
ing prizes there. aud sailing thence 70
make othsss, .whichshe has caused te
be burned altar Keeping hsem some
days in the anchorage OF tha SAID island,
tAk Majesty the Euperor has ordained
lhAt. tho said steamer shall! never again
be received into any port OF the En.
The southern enterprise. [volume] (Greenville, S.C.) 1854-1870, 1863-08-20
Il Suutbrrll Gutfrpriss;
II -: Is ietvIp Istsr1tLt nY sSas
PRICHs& BAILEY.; q. ].
ADtERcISkaENrs

~ & ADtEFtIsxaENTs >:1e.rss'
WIN - inserssd e ne ratss of ono dollar
Cd 80 esatssper sqnAsS, .of IL Minion lines,
~ lsss. Tor the lA5st ihhertiop, seventy Ave
@snts'for tho sccond Shd third inseftions, and
afEE scnts for each sueessdfns insertion. -
s0bitaary and Marriage pofisSs, Tributes or
s3<espccty nosatnati0ns or announeetnents for
sace, are sAstesd Or sshe same Is adyertiae-
lAavsrtlsemests sent 10 witboss the number
@ tnssftions speci1ed, viii be pubIisEed until
6f0srcf out and chsresdfor accordingly. = :. =.
~ H1 Persons living N n distance may con,r
,p9te how fnnch their biIls viii amount to- by
Mounting soven words 10 the limo. = -: -.
The southern enterprise. [volume] (Greenville, S.C.) 1854-1870, 1863-08-20

=. News rRoH VicxssURs.-Ja Jackson,
Mas. Angus, IL. The Yankees, 90 the
9Th, were rec.iring immense 'nppliss ut
'YieksbArg for the army. = :.blss were
fii,sd with brea! Laffs a,'a the landing
covered With barssls and ."v III, ~. Of
'a,sat. Grant Is there ia, per."uss
Sherman says the county bstweep.
Big Black and Pearl Rivers shall 70,
,nain, neutral for the present, unless
Johps,onb brings his army west Of Pearl
The southern enterprise. [volume] (Greenville, S.C.) 1854-1870, 1863-08-20
rN-syT vFI1s.
"N'8Bfk~t6

Llnr : Yi,., ~Sms,h, or.' N,rf.int
49, (
\. Toi 'H7 'NN'|'oS' t>nSarprass. =
1"es"|S z'E'''Fg'' tstsE g.
: ref~S "LtH2FaN orttrs1n; ufiatk s'sitti7
son eH,. > e'e"Eit SE.9.'r4,<g' cf:tha faith
:u' historian >, "f~S"''' I. " sfshtsnow'pass
.n' t'l.' . 60 :. ~. "tasife TO possess ats
i, ',''tuncef OF t''..'' '~e"itl and honor,
oeio'a,'ng I" 'h'.H'"ia aNer'e russieus
intercourse WIN 'h.''t.' orthern ideiitors
'ot more *ha0 = Years !; not only
.'''iS"s !" We 4" welfare OF the
,,oa D"''' ou' ~ ''|'' Soe'a' intercourse.
9: = q ''''N'o ." %, Ny manner OF .eVH con:
~USyN'e''Se ''''' N'''te ih"''. 'Hter and
S'.utF<S '.< '''t 49, 50 az, ~age't
s'''',I "'HH.''' y All Mn ~ Oaee,
nt ."e :'"''' ,'e'' ." u -. -
a''"'9 HS"''Te' ".h eTe'1 iur 'h spPe
oI %'"'s n"" W. sns osnoN Sp;n'S OF earth :,
dal. IL e"' y H..s1 .neSo Softnetn' vans.
60" ' 'ce waste ana desoianng the
,"I;an 49, .o.''on o' inc ea,tn;s' surface,
,.:,':. mH'cn '''ngS %o aud Wfetchednsss upon
opm". ""S VI VI human man oeings IN other
Sa'u'es S, ~no are dependent upon African
80 ,NI', d. the south Tor employ.
ipa Of r;~ttpo,s ;nd;cn.,;o,s , 80 . .
ms ~ .,,,,S s''e""s iooisDh'ioT must swell.
cn.a,;ns, & s."e,u"s .s', %p'ofn, "t the cold cal
sha ani;.sp,"nnS ap"'' iesnng manifested by
.Chris,iaoiz, j nnsors nf E,,o,r,, - ~ -
the safety of kinr. ami ,Is.nnt. :: I
upon tho dowDt.,. = ,nnbIcs s,J -.
,lsy;nG tho mil uoses aso en-,
the millions. whc g. - n,odua ,L ~
comforts of life. wbi,sth. No,,h
ern mind eloa,s .at;sfact;on 80.
the ruin of thousands of lie ipnoca,.- ~;
Tins to rspacity. we feel the in.h of
shame mautling our cheek o know
that many in ,..e Cenf,,i g.. . States.
who boast their patriotism y. the sSrne
,h;,o,s f-o,, , ..,.o,.- / -
The daily Gate City. [volume] (Keokuk, Iowa) 1855-1916, 1863-02-19

AR0xS u 0OW8VUH VIZ
chase - 0eyssn0snt vesseIs.
The Reposs bfiSenator t3fnss. Chair
man of the Committee thst investigated
the frauds charged upon the parties who
furnished the vessels for ths Banks' expe-
ldition, Is . patriotic paper, characterized
by severe impartislity and fearless scruti-
ny. It charges the Assistant Secretary
Of War and Colonel OF the United States
army with being privy 70 and toierating
these abuses; recommends that the lat
ter be court-martialed that the parties,
five in number, who have pocksted lille
1l commissions, to the amount of hun
dreds Of thousands Of dollars On the pur-
chase Of these vessels, be compelled 70
refund their ill.gotten gains. and that the
facts relative to perjury in some Of their
cases be inquired into. We applaud the
tone and spirit Of this report. 1t is the
only way 10 which stop can be put to
the shameful abuses and frauds that are
swelling up the Government expenditures
to such fearful extent and imposing
such heavy load Of taxation upon the
couniry--[St- Louis Union.
The daily Gate City. [volume] (Keokuk, Iowa) 1855-1916, 1863-02-19
rOAL! UOALl! COALili

We take this method o. infornine tue Pobiic thas Il
L iupeoGnn eoal without getting psy
NJ y. and ssve tsoahAs and
oFder viii bs asssl ssso aespnrRStgf syths noasy.
once on Levss, 6proGfte Coal SA1d.3 90 VIZ
asis il ~ J.; ~ 2, s ssESFt ss. Com. /
January 3. 1888 -nw -aa9Eas lage' i sg 81
Rutland weekly herald. [volume] (Rutland, Vt.) 1859-1877, 1863-11-19

THE NEW YORK SEWING 6l'p-
Among the workmen of different v
who nave struck in New York ara
where for higher wages, the workings
Of New York are attempting 70 40 =
thing to improve their condition
They have had a large meeting a's
only four gentlemen were present, !,
whom stated the object OF the l' !,
and called on the girls present loi Z l.
ments of the amounts received III \,
labor IN the various trades IN @es|
are engaged. The prices repor'@'
from one dollar to three dollars r. !.
The average price paid taking ~'y
represented together, was apoal wv,
lars per week. There were mar
stances IN which only about tWenisI,
day We're received. The price ~ y,
board was stated to be from SS'.J y,
not including washing, in most c'T ~ !.
ing every cent a girl could earn, anas
" ever leaving more than twel'y1p~.
fifty cents a week for all extra eIF~
The hours of work range from es ,s
sixteen hours each day, the gene'" :
at the shops being from seven IN 'd s.r
ing to six at night, with half 40 Wv
three-quarters of an hour for d'al a,,
appeared. 10 be the case general,
prices were much lower than yea :"
Rutland weekly herald. [volume] (Rutland, Vt.) 1859-1877, 1863-11-19
How to Fiais N the Rebellion.

EDITOR ku" fLAsp HERALD; | am
glad the pao' ,,le are arousing to meet the
call OF ne President. From various
towns come reports of large meetings
VIII oh are full of interest, full OF people,
: and full of patriotism. 1t needs but
distinct knowledge of the position OF al
fairs to ensure the hearty cooperation oil
every true Union man, in filling the de-
pleted ranks of our noble army, which IS
marching on, conquering and TO conquer
The day of final triumph is at hand
The recent elections have given rrefutable
testimony Of the souudness and tdehty OF
the citizens of the Free States, and have
struck dismay to the hearts OF the rebel
| leaders whose chief hope has been more
| complete division, and stronger dlsun-
ion vote than year ago. This hope is
all blasted England has turned the cold
shoulder, and France is fast backing down.
Slidell will soon join Mason, and go-no-
body knows or cares where--never back
to the country they have so basely
misrepresented and slandered. Starva-
ton is staring the people of the rebel
Confederacy. The armies of freedom are
pressing close on all sides, and, cramped
and cornered, they have nothing but
certain and speedy defeat TO expect. One
thing only is requisite to finish the work
and secure for them a Just reccmpense o
reward. Let the ranks of our armies bt
tilled-let all the people awake and uttel
an unmistakable determination to combine
in all their strength, and if need be, g
forth to the fight, as many as can, and al
reheldom would TO filled with fear. lie
the quotas be filled at once. Let non
called on hesitate 10 enlist. Then let al
the rest, cid and young, from sixteen t
sixty, enroll their names as volunteers out
side the army regulations--a sort of Bash
, BazoakS-that most terrific portion of tn
!, Turkish force in time of danger-willint
}, if needed to add their weight TO crust
i out the rebellion. Let some such cours
!, be adopted with spirit, and few month
will give US peace on our own terms,
w g r
Rutland weekly herald. [volume] (Rutland, Vt.) 1859-1877, 1863-11-19

Town MEETING. In this mornings
paper will be found a warning for town
meeting to be holden here ON Monday, the
23d INST, at one o'clock p. M. BY the
action Of the CONSERVATIVE branch Of the
Legislature, no bounties for volunteers win
come from the State, and they must there
fore come, il they come at all, from the
fonas. Each town must depend entirely
upon itself in this particular, as in all 9th
ers relating to the raising Of its QUOTA
No citizen Of this town, we are sure, de-
sires the stigma to rest upon Rutland Of
its being the only town in the State in
which il was necessary to resort 10 DRAFT
70 answer the last call Of the government
for men. No man, it seems to US should
be willing that a rigorous DRAFT for 40
men, which cannot fail to be source OF
the greatest hardship in very many In
stances, should take place here, If any et-
fort to raise l25 volunteers can avert 1t. :
We have a much bigger job on hand than
any other town in this State, bat an earnes
and combined effort, and proper degre'
Of liberality will accomplish it. Eosss
man, CONAN and child in the to,cn d
deeply interested IN actively aiding III
uoyk. Let the people of Rutland sull.
consider this matter be+ween this ard tn
time appointed for the meeting, and com
prepared to act.
We would further remind our towns
men that the tire is short, and muc
effective work can and should be don
prior to the meeting. This should b
made the first and paramount bushes
all.until the quota is filled;and our NOR
prominent, influential and wealthy CIT
gems, especially. can hardly lay clam
any great degree of patriotism or to an
great regard to their own more selfish II
terests, if they do not earnestly exc
themselves in this matter. Let the peop
of Rutland, one and all, take hold OF tt
work at once.
Rutland weekly herald. [volume] (Rutland, Vt.) 1859-1877, 1863-11-19
From ,he p.ily 81 Nov. ,s.
BORDER STATE PoLIrIcs. The

BORDER STATE PoLIrIcs. The re-
turns from the Missouri soldiers give their
vote, SO far as received, as follows: "Rad-
ieal,n $3.50; conservative" 1913. The
iayorite copperhead charge that the won
derfhlly one-sded vote of the soldiers,
from all the states which have permitted
their volunteers to vote, is owing TO gov
ernment influence, will hardly be made
in this instance, as the favor of the Ad-
ministration has been extended rather TO
the other or conservative side, Yet "gov-
eminent influence doubtless had Just
about as much to do with the result IN
this case as in any other. With the AID
of these votes of the soldiers (if they
are not thrown out by the canvsssers). 1t
is believed the Radicals have carried the
state.
Two "Radicals" were elected TO the
United States Senate by the Missouri
Legislature, on Friday last, viz
B. Gratz Brown, for the short term
and j. B. Henderson for the long term
The balloting was as follows; LIST bal
lot-Brewn (Radic~D, GO Phelps (dem)
80; Broadhead, CONSERVATIVE, 80. q
baliot-Brown, "A Broadhead, &C scat
tering, ? Brown elected. Sd ballot
Henderson (RadicaD, 80; Phelps (dem)
AZ, scattering, II ;-Henderson elected
B. Gratz Brown was pioneer IN thu
emancipation or abolition movement IL
the slave state of Missouri, and his cleo
ton to the United States Senate mark
an era hardly equalled in Importance Il
the history of that or any other state.
OF the newly elected Legislature
Maryland, it is said that twelve Senator
out of twelity-one, and fifty-two De
egates ont of seventy-four are sure
vote in favor of calling Convention
make Maryland free state.
: "Aboltionism" is going South.
Rutland weekly herald. [volume] (Rutland, Vt.) 1859-1877, 1863-11-19
The Gettysburg Cemetery.

Col. Veazey, late of the 10th regiment,
and now of the firm of Proctor and Yea
zey, attorneys in this village, has lately
returned from visit TO Gettysburg,
whittier he had been sent by the Cover
nor as agent to look after the Vermont
slain. He has rendered to the Governor
n detailed account of what he saw and
did, which it is to be hoped his Excellen-
will give to the public. Under the direc-
ton of Governor Curtin spet has been
selected near the old cemetery of Gettys-
burg, and landscape gardeners employed
to lay out the ground, and prepare bury
ing places for the honored dead. Persons
have contracted to remove the bodies at
one dollar and fifty-mne cents each; and
oyerseers, who are disinterested, are en-
ployed to watch every step OF the process,
to see that all possible means are used to
identify the bodies, and that they are re-
moved with the utmost care. Eighteen
loyal states will be represented in this
cemetery, and no one of the small states
will be SO largely represented as Vermont,
about 40 of her brave boys having fallen
in the terrible fight.
Agents have been appointed by these
several states to visit the place, and OBJ
serve the manner in which the plan is car
RED out. Col. Veazey reports that they
were unanimous and enthusiastic in their
expressions of appreciation. A monu-
ment is to be erected near the spot, and a
complete register Of the names of all who
fell, together with their regiment and state,
whether buried there or not, will be kept.
The name, regiment and state OF every
one VINO is known will also be inscribed
on granite at the head of the grave.
It will be recollected that the ceremony
of conservation occurs on the 10Th of the
present month, at which time the Hon.
Edward Everett is expected to deliver an
address.
Surely there can be no more approprl-
ate place for the patriot soldier to rest than
that eonsecrated spot,
"on the field Of his fame fresh and CORY"
Rutland weekly herald. [volume] (Rutland, Vt.) 1859-1877, 1863-11-19

FROM THE SoUTH. The Richu ond
ENQUIRER of the 10th inst, admits that
Gen Meade has inflicted "a terrible blooo
ON the army of Gen. Lee. 1t SAYS:
"Miltary movements are again in great
activity. In Northern Virginia, Meade
has already siguahzed his advance with
wonderful energy, aud has inflicted ter
rible blow upon the arn.y OF ten. Lee.
In West Virginia the disaster to Gen Ew-
ellis command shows the enemy active,
bold ami energetic. The Confederate
General defeated, is retiring, says the
Lyut hburg Republican, on Salem, and
rehensions are entered for the safety Of
the railroad In North Carolina the enemy
have landed in large force a Wilton, and
are thr, atening the Southern line OF rail
road at Welden or some OF er point. On
the Peninsula the enemy have been report
ed as landing IN large numbers at Newport
News. Thus all around Richmond the
enemy are threatening operations before
the winter has blockaded the roads
The Richmond Examiner Of the 9TH
has the following in relation to the Unlon
prisoners:
"@n last Wednesday night, a spy
from LIEUT.. Bossieux's Guard on Belle
Isle, while perambulatirg, in disguise
through the Yankee prisoners, overheard
one of the prisoners say, We'll, they're
going to plant cannon all around us to NOR
row, and all who don't want TO stay here
and freeze to death this winter must make
| break tonight
"The spy Immediately sped to the
Lieutenant with the information he hac
| obtained. The latter communicated the
alarm to the gu rd, threw the sent!neis
forward, and sent to the barracks for one
| hundred additional men.
"No attempt to break the lines was
made, and it is plain that if any was con-
templated 1t was checked by the domon-
station Of the guard.
| give pieces of cannon are now plant
ed in positions bearing on the prisoners
camp at short range, and any demonstra
ton to overpower the guard will result IL
in the thinning out of their number
amazingly.
Rutland weekly herald. [volume] (Rutland, Vt.) 1859-1877, 1863-11-19

BEECHER o WeoD.-In the farewell
breakfast speech of Mr. Beecher, at Man
chester, England, he thus spoke of the
copperheads and their New York leader:
:" Those who thought decisive measures
too dangerous are called Anti-Slavery
those who We're for immediate disruption
We're called Abolitionists. But now there
is no distinction at all and Mr. Garrison
has said in public that when he declared
the Constitution involved slavery he new
er expected to see the emancipation proc
lamation of Mr. Lincoln. applause
There is now one overwhelming majority
in the North who say. Since they have
taken the sword, let slavery perish by the
sword : and then, there is small party
that lives in crevices and cracks where
dirt breeds vermln,-a small malignant
party that are called Peace Democrats,
with that Catilne thrice-rotten Wood at
the head of 1t, that the Times newspaper
is accustomed to hold up as the exponent
of American peace doctrine-who has
been handled in the arms and praised by
the lips of christian men, who, if they
could know his crimes and vices, and the
inefiable satanic wickedness of the man.
would blow him from your parlors as you
do Sepoys from the mouths of your can
non.o
Rutland weekly herald. [volume] (Rutland, Vt.) 1859-1877, 1863-11-19

TGen. Butler has arrived at For
tress Monroe and assumed the command
of his new Department. General Foster,
upon leaving, addressed a farewell order
to his troops.
Rutland weekly herald. [volume] (Rutland, Vt.) 1859-1877, 1863-11-19

e The election of congressman
in Delaware takes place on Thursday Of
this week, vice William Temple (Dem. J,
deceased. 1t is believed that the Union
and emancipation candidate (Smithers) },
will be elected over Charles Brown, his
copperhead opponent.
Rutland weekly herald. [volume] (Rutland, Vt.) 1859-1877, 1863-11-19

E Charlotte Cushman, by her re-
cent professional efforts in various cities
from Washington to Boston, has realized
and contributed to the Sanitary Commits
sion nearly nine thousand dollars.
Rutland weekly herald. [volume] (Rutland, Vt.) 1859-1877, 1863-11-19

Tag DEMOCRATIC MAJORITY. The
Sixth Ward-including the AFive Points"
--of New York, noted as the receptacle
of all the scum, ignorance, depravity and
RIGHTEOUSNESS of the city, gave 2,037 votes
for the democratic" ticket, at the recent
election, and 2l9 for the Union ticket.