New-York daily tribune. [volume] (New-York [N.Y.]) 1842-1866, 1863-05-22

sorbed earnings, surplus, and all resources, in
the expenses Of idleness.
During the year 1862 many new varieties Of
cotton found their way to the market from In
dia, Siam, Hnyti, Jamaica, Brazil, Peru, Hon
duras, China, and Japan. The estimated inn
port OF Surat cotton into America IS from
-. 900 to 30, coo bales, which is larger than
any other from foreign countries. The import
into England for FIVE years previously to 1861
was ., J7a. 400 bales, Of which l.3i7, ~ bales
were consumed, and $50, 5l2 bales exported.
Bat neither this nor any other cotton Dow
known can supplant that Of America in the
Epclish market. even If it could be supplied al
once in sufficient quantities. From the col
Iec.ed data of manufactures, the average num-
Der Of yaru spun in England is ascertained to
be between 40 and 49, Surat cotton cannot
be- spun unmixed with economy or profit into
any number of yarn above IS, and even that
number ia not TO be attained without q
very great reduction of product and
increase Of cost. Surats are available aud
useful for Noe. II to -, at heavy rate Of
waste, decrease of product per spindle, and
increase of cost OF yarn, requiring, also, much
closer attention and harder work from the
operatives If English numbers are reduced
so rs to make Surats generally available,
which cannot be done except at an immense
ontla, ior new machinery, the requirement OF
her spindles would rise from 3li to nearly 20
pounds per day, and the increased crop OF
India con!d not meet the demand for years to
come. In word the demand upon England
is for fine goods, which Surat cotton will not
make, and though the supply of that staple
has been large and tie price low during all the
scarcity OF American cotton, large part Of
what was imported into England was, as be-
fore exported to tho continent.
Indian cotton is produced from variety OF
the plant different from the American, and the
opinion Of Mr.. Atkinson agrees with that Of
Mr. Cassel's expressed in report upon Cot
ton in the Bombay Presidency published IN
England in 1862. The latter Gays " Indian
cotton may be improved in cleanness, and
somewhat reduced in cost, but the general
characteristic OF ito staple will not be altered.
In 20 lar IN this quality Of cotton ia service
able 10 the manufacturers Of England India
can compete with America; but if finer
description be required India cannot adequately
supply IT, II secms evident that Indian cotton
must continue to hold subordinate place
in European marEc,', AID there Is =
point at which its competition with ether
growths entirely cea,es." This testimony in
connection with the facts above stated CON
cernius the fitness oil India cotton for English
manufactures l. Qaito sGffcicr; 10 dispel the
Apr hension, il any It'll exists, that the Amer.
ican control Of the cotton markets. of the world
can be seriou.l, contested by ioreigo compe-
ttiou. II remains to be considered whether
the regularity Of the supply from the Southern
States can be- depended "u in future. The
.xer to that question demands nothing lass
than an appreciation of tie results OF euiUaci-
patton which all men now see must precede
or follow the suppression OF the Rebellion
We can only glance at one or two OF tue more
prominent tacts which Mr.. Atkinson presents.
\ map accompanies The pamphlet before US.
showing among other things that the ratio Of
cultivated cotton lands 10 the whole territory
of the South is bu, / G3i.lU00 per cent
" [ pom showing this mnP." says Mr.. Atkin-
son. TO one OF our Oldest merchants b. ,ad
Il reminded him Of the statement made by TIE
late John Bromfc.d, after extended Jour
ney in the South. in answer 10 All inquiry re-
gardlug the amount of laud cultivated IN cot.
ton. why, SIR, if ! wcre "a mark it upon
your map, you would need n powerful magni.
fJing gass to ind the spot And he there
upon iorcibly says: "ihc absurdity of the
cum of the South to extend Slavery cannot
be made more manllest. The true state OF
the case was that tree labor, which IN 1850
made oLe-nnih part of ;he crop, was, under
the stimulus OF high prices, slowly but surely
working the overthrow of ,a,o labor. and the
true plea Tor Rebellion Is free trade IN negroes,
in order 10 maintain the system OF compulsory
labor"
The average cotton crops were from lsil to
100 inclusive, ?,l73.000 bales, and from lcjl
10 1860 inclusive, 3,25l ,9ll babes per annuui.
but large as the increase was 1t wus not suili-
Gent 10 meet the increase OF demand. Al the
capacity of the Cotton States was meaiWh.lr
exhausted by i,s actual production. and the
only means of answering tue enlarged demand
were by tho natural increase OF the slave pop
ulation; BY the increase OF free labor on
Southern soil and by importation Of aborers
l...,, H..
could not and did not enter rapidly into com.