davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Sioux City register. [volume] (Sioux City, Iowa) 1858-1871, 1863-09-26
To the Voters Of Woodbury.
County. Iowa.

4 T MEETING Of the Board OF Supervisors Of
~ Woodbury. county, Iowa, hsld September sth,
Is 3 the following order was adopted
Whereas, the Warrants Of this county are ut q
deprecated value, ai.I the County largely in debt,
aud is desirable t. redeem the credit Of the same
Therefore it is ordered that the proposit levy
Special County Tax Of -Four Nil s. On. the Dollar
of the assessed valns 81 the property ofthe County
for the year 1863 shall be subsisted to the Voters
Of the County to 10 voted upon 1t the next gener-
al election. All persons voting for the Tax shall
have printed written upon their ballots The fol-
lowing-"For Special Tax" and those voting
against the same shalt have printed or written Mp
on their ballots-'Against special Tax and the
votes thus cast shall be eoGnted and leurnel in the
same manner rs the votes for County Officers.
1t is also ordered that the Clerk cause notice Of
the above to be published in the Sioux City Register
at least four weeks prior to the election. =
j. N. FIEkp, Clerk.
wtd BY VIM. q. STEWART, Deputy
Sioux City register. [volume] (Sioux City, Iowa) 1858-1871, 1863-09-26

ITO all to WHOM, these presents shall come, greet.
Whereas, Il ID b. an Act Of the General Assem-.
bly, Of the State Of Iowa, made the duty OF the
Governor, 1t least thirty days before any general
election tp issue his Proclamation. Designating III
the eces 10 b. nlied by vote Of all the electors Ia
the esste, Or " the electors Of any Judicial Dis
Now therefore, I, s.nus, J. irk wood. lsovaruor
OF the State Of Iowa, do by this. my Proclamation,
publish and Declare that 1T the next general elec-
tim to " held In the State on the second Tues day
Of oetoeer next, the following Offices are to be MI
cd, to wit: 3t9'"5'' - @"s @'' '''.'
The osgics u lieutenant Cove nor; q.
The effce Of .tuige al the Suprene Court ~
Also the office Of Sanator in the nth Senatorial
District, composed or the county Of ksokuk to fill
the vacancy occasoned by the absence Orion. l.P
Tete in the seryics &C ths United States.
Also, the Office Of Senator in the Goth Senatorial
District composed of the county of ones, to fill
II. Holmes therefIom.r a.u.- '-N
Also, the office OF Senator In the 18th Senatorial
District, composed OF the county OF NJ, scatine to
fll the vacancy sccasioaed by the rssignat ion Of
Hor. VIM. G. Woodford. tr..,,tt, -,
Also the once or Senator from the 42d District to
fiji the vacancy eccaAioned by the absence tn the
United states seryice) Of Hon. M, v. Bursiick. i
Whereof all citizens and offers concerned, par.
ticuarly the ShesiAs Of the several countless will
take notice and be governed accordingly.
(-A-) In testimony whereof I have hercunto
LIS. set my hard and alike tie Great Seal Of
49, the State Of iowa..
Done at Des Moincs, the 18th day of August, A.
IS 3, of the Independence Of the United Sta.ss
the esghty eighth, and Of this State the seven.
" Wv SAMUEL HARDWOOD.
jams Wright, Secretary of State.-td
Sioux City register. [volume] (Sioux City, Iowa) 1858-1871, 1863-09-26

- We had the pleasure Of meeting
during the week Judge WHITING of Ona.
~, and c. =. HrDors, su.ler ;. tho
Yanktoa Agency. .tl-4.z,a., 49,.
Sioux City register. [volume] (Sioux City, Iowa) 1858-1871, 1863-09-26
IIOLDROOK L BRO,
LAND AGENTS g. SURVEYORS,
- Ona~~a, S1saona Q sunty IOWA :

INTELLECTUALLY attend to the seleoti ION andloca.
w tion Of land In tho several Land Districts in
Western lows and Nebraska; buy and sell isnd
Warrants. or locate them Commission for nom
residents. they will loan money At Wastess retes Of
intersst; buy ana hell real estate and pay fAxea-
Collssti0ss 0AAe 49, osousy vrdenptly fnswurAed.
D0vl.Go t| &0 fHOLB8OpX BIO. ]
Sioux City register. [volume] (Sioux City, Iowa) 1858-1871, 1863-09-26
General Election.

NOTICE Is HEREBY GIVEN, that on the end
~ Tuesday of October il being the i3th da, Of
October. 1853, there win be an Election ol,en in
the different precincts of oodbury county, for the
ecc ion Of the following comfy officers, viz:
County Judge; ~~~~~~~~'~
County Treasurer ard Recorder.
Sheriff; &C.,.
Drainage Commissioner;
County Superintendent Of Common schools;
County Surveyor; and 5ss.
Coroner
Given under my hand this 18th day Of September
A. 1865.
FL. LAMBERT,
wtd Sheriff Woodbury. county, Iowa,
Sioux City register. [volume] (Sioux City, Iowa) 1858-1871, 1863-09-26

- At the solicitation Of numeroas
friends ! An induced to announce myself
- candidate for the office Of Treasurer
and Recorder Of this county.
,@sae JOHN INGuAM.
Sioux City register. [volume] (Sioux City, Iowa) 1858-1871, 1863-09-26

- BoocE 4 Co., ara in receipt Of :
large stock Of fall and winter goods.-
Call and zee them. .fes ! u ~ aE5afs
Sioux City register. [volume] (Sioux City, Iowa) 1858-1871, 1863-09-26

kk9 u j. 49, 3
OPEN 10 MARsHALL!!-l6l Miles
~ rea Of Miysisstppi virer. and 200
rssttes west 81 Chicago The Shortest
and Quckext Route betaee CAicass
and Central Ioca---No change Of Car,
o. Baggage betpees ,CAicago aud Mar,
shaft GO0d Sleeping Cars on all niaAl
7rains 6ctCecs Cedar I.dpid.l and
'Chicogo-F Fare a. Lor a. By any othss'
route Time betssses Dss .Notnesaad
Chicogo only q hours!
Marsha,l1 1, Twelve mile. farther +, ,,, x.,, ,s.,
distance by stage from les Moines, over a much
batter road ana - miles less distances by rad to
Chicago than Grinneli
Passengers and shippers are invited to examine
Of the H. II. and X. l. Line, ,ha, .hsy are a1.
the 'ony short, quick, relab BILE, no change OF ars
Line" from Central Iowa To- Chisago.> from and
after Monday, >Apra ~ 1858, Trains Win run Is
follows: .v e-4. s. .E -
Going East.-Nisht Express have. Nar.h.l, .,
$50 y N. On arrival u stages frem Des Moines
Cedar Rapids 800 p. m Clinton ll:lO p. m, and
arrive ia Chicago next morning In time for ell
morning trains going north east. .&
Day Train leaves Mar-hail 1t s a. m, Cedar
Rapids vt 800 and arrive ut Clinton ut 30
y. N. Passengers ~ Clinton by this train can
Ake Night Express Tor Chicago, or remain until
next morning ut $50. and arrive in Chicago 1t
3:,6 p. M.
Ge,nx Ws.s--Nisht Express leave. Welt. =.
Depot In Chicago NJ $50 IN the evening Clinton
3:i6 =. ~; Cedar Rapids 100 y m, aud arrive 1t
harshallat lOl5a IN. Passengers leaving Chi
cago IN this train At $40 In the evening arrive In
r Des Moines early next evening, n ~ @@
Day Train leaving Chcagr At On. nj. arrives At
Clinton At p. IN. Leaves Clinton at 800 d. m =,
&c lar Rapids 2l0 p. m., aud arrive ut Marshall
at6,:Np m. - ,s-a-r~t
Passengers going East from Decatur, Onaw.,
Omaha, Council Bluffs, Des Muines, Sioux City, f.
Dodge. andall points est Of the lies Mones river,
can procu, fickes 1t the stage Offices, or Of fios
Hnttcn. Jrs at Des Moiaes Passengers leaving
lies Moines In the morning arrive In Chicago early
Of MARSHALL. - srrY 'ts'
CSNAec tl0As.-At Turner junction with
Trains for Frecport, Dunleith. Prairie du CHEN
and LaCrosee. a# tH@ q
Al Dixon with Ts.ins Of Illinoi. Central \. n. =
At Clinton with. Boats on n ississippi river
At Dewitt with Stages 70. Daysnport aud Ms
quokstA. #4 #@s@-. sr7s4eI#
At Clarence with Stage Tor Upton. he Vi
At Cedar Rapids with stages for Marion, Iowa
City, vinton, Cedar Falls aud Nosthsrn Iowa
Al Bisirtovn with stags for Mar ngo; and =
Marshall with Stages for Des Molnes. Council
Binhs. Omaha, kldora, Hoonsboro, Fort DoAes,
Sioux City, and intermediate points. r.#sal HI
Freight leaving MarshAll In the morni NJ
seschss Chiccgo next MorniHg. and Freight leaving
Chicago II night arrives In Marshall next night
without change of cars.
-. \. TALUOTf, GcnIs SaD't. Chicago.
/. ,. HOWE Asst Supt., Clinton.
J. U. GAULT, Gsa. Freight Agent, Chicago.
0. COTfLk, Travelling Agent. tv0lono2 -6m
Sioux City register. [volume] (Sioux City, Iowa) 1858-1871, 1863-09-26
~ Fresh Heef, Wanted.

DROPOsALs viii be received At this ofils
i. up to u o'clock n on the 26th of September
next for supplying the Spbsi.tencs Department
Of the Army ut this put With Fresh Beef, for
one year tDrhA tbs. 9th day Of October, eighteen
hundred and sixty three.
The proposals thus received win be forwarded to
the CommisaAry General Of Subsistsace for his
CONSIDER alton and action thereon. ..9-
5hs A. A. g. 8. reserves The right to reject any
~ the bids deemed BY him unreasonable, and no
Member Of Congress shall b. allowed any share in
ss1d Oontract. -. -.~..
The Beef IL to b delivered at this office in quar-.
tiers, an equal proportion Of hind and fore (necks
and shanks excluded) 1t such ,imes and in such
qMrtttSH = tAa Ia. Us .1ss the kif1e being mat
reduire. hot exceeding thrice Sn each week, pay
n'ent to be m,de monthly A. far as practicable.
The proposals must set forth tn price per pound
for which tho Desf will b delivered kers, with the
conditions and Limitations prescribed hsrein. and
the Snbsistencs Regulations Of the Army, and bs
directed, ITO the A. A. G. s. United States Army,
Fort Randall. d. r." with the words, "Prnposals
for Beef" acros the end.s VI the eDvelopes.
WALLIS PATTEE,
I'd Lieut.. 4ist Iowa vol6, A. A. C.s
Once Of A. A.C. g.. IT. Randall, Z. 3w
Sioux City register. [volume] (Sioux City, Iowa) 1858-1871, 1863-09-26

- NEEDED-Some patching up Of the
sidewalk in front Of Hedges store. 49,.
Sioux City register. [volume] (Sioux City, Iowa) 1858-1871, 1863-09-26

~ Tho Missodri s,ill continues very
low. Freizhts are high this fall.
Sioux City register. [volume] (Sioux City, Iowa) 1858-1871, 1863-09-26

- BOOGE's new advertisement il
crowded out Of this issue.
Sioux City register. [volume] (Sioux City, Iowa) 1858-1871, 1863-09-26

- Much wine Is being manufactured
IN this vicinity from vild grapes.
Sioux City register. [volume] (Sioux City, Iowa) 1858-1871, 1863-09-26

Wo unu t0e tOHo~l0s pun Gf
the Qabu4as + Sioux, City R. Il. 10 the
Dubuque Times Of late date -" Gay
Times on the Railroad Out on the Du-:
boqss and Siosx City Railroad, travellers
and employees have the gayest possible
sisea The train il only sbous two hours
making it, Erss nine miles. The other
day, just .hia side Of Peos.a, boy run
alongside of the cars fr nearly half
mile, yelling Mr.. Csvley / M. Cswley!"
It The top Of bis voice. At length the
conduetor heard him, and asked him what
ssas the osssss. why" said the boy
''faiher's big bull has jumped on the hind
carl CT ran back, aud cure enough, on
the platfors Of The hind car stood big
bovine lsisa,sly chewing biz cud, and con.
stantly enjoying : view Of the country
from his elevated position. The coudue.
tor had The breaks wbissled down. and The
noble cri.tsr Was hslpsd Of He had been
seen standing On The side Of the track for
several days. and had probably deliberate.
~ coms % the conclusion that be could
wait ill ,hs train passed. asd then catch
Mp . il. janp o. the hisd car, and sske :
frss ride. He tried !, and wont Since
then the Conductor has placed cows
catcher = tie rear end Of h;s train, and
be hos hAd 20 more trouble with animals
pa.hjes hfn6 ear. q II ! = &25 as= st& !.
Dot 1t Asochsstsr. Independence, Va
tsrloo and Cedar Fall,, they send messen
ger boys On horseback 70 nsss The sra;s
and ct tls Naes- 20 snxous are they
for news The news boy on the train
throw than he papers, and they gsllop
back. thus enabling the psop.e Of those
sn.erprisiog towns 70 read The latest istsl.
ligeoce, from the seat of VA, from Two TO
three hours sooner than they otherwise
would. s. .s..~4..
The D1buqss ! Sios1 City Il great
road for tims. Yos can ride longer on il
thss on any oshss real IN the county for
tho same amoont Of fare. z.'.ro
atst s-----s.---.f - - ---~~-
- SAA'L KsUAAAr's new building %
pnAd ~ rnot Il nxAsla Ar,- c1Ak>A
Sioux City register. [volume] (Sioux City, Iowa) 1858-1871, 1863-09-26

~ 1hs District Ccsrt hes bsss 10
s1suios 1sfisg ~ ses1. ~ +s.iats.
Sioux City register. [volume] (Sioux City, Iowa) 1858-1871, 1863-09-26
SIOUX CITY FIGURING Mill.

THE subscribers having recently RENTED ana
j rapAired TIM shove NAMED Min are now prepsr.
Cd to sIauuiacture ~eE *.
Sioux City register. [volume] (Sioux City, Iowa) 1858-1871, 1863-09-26

rVNnEludersi gnodte der kprofessions service
i t"she citizens sioux City and urroundinR
country once. Attic Drug Storeoa Pearlstrset.
10 widen" simmediatslyo opposite .s. .l.s ..
vols nolT. J0HNBALL, ND.
Sioux City register. [volume] (Sioux City, Iowa) 1858-1871, 1863-09-26

- Watcher Il Be the natural result OF
ths. dsnosaiisio9 iaasenees of . civil var
or so1Ae other cause less remote, i mssl
Be appsrea. to III who have long resided
in this city, th.s it, moral character hss
any,hing ba, Improved within the last lev
months nightly bra~is and daily street
tights sss VI such couooo occurrence -
to have ceased 70 have become matter Of
wonder and hardly Of comment. While
druaksuuess and rioting srs Obviously the
favor;.s pas.ime Of rot only many tempo
rasily domiciled here, but Of some Of our
own ci.iseos. Although such : condition
Of things may possibly bs very pleasant 10
the active participants, il - anything bs.
agreeable to the non-coutatsn,s, AID 10
all whether strangers Or citizens, who are
diapossa to more quie. life, and who
en.er.ain higher appreciation Of ~h..
cvassisetcs trae enjoyment and real pleas
ore. We would therefore suggest the pro.
priety Of the wishes Of the entire class
being consulted, at least 10 the extent Of
having the field Of operations Of the active
participants il these disg.sceful scenes
removed to some other locality. than the
most denssly porsla.ed portion Of our
town, % that The feelings Of the better
portion Of our citizens may be measured
.iy regarded, aud their safety less en-
dangered. .~-..
What has been said on this subject has
been uttered in no spirit of f.ul. finding
with the general character Of the conduct
Of our people. but rather With . view Of
calling the attention, 6rs., Of those having
The spirisa.l we'll being Of this city under,
their peculiar supervision, and secondly
Of those upon whom desolves in = tempo.
raj wsy the naiatenance OF its good order
and quiet, to this great and growing city.
Sioux City register. [volume] (Sioux City, Iowa) 1858-1871, 1863-09-26

~ SAn'L KsUAAAr's nev building %
peaA street i nsarly eonplstsd.
Sioux City register. [volume] (Sioux City, Iowa) 1858-1871, 1863-09-26

L5.e - Sheriff II Woodbury. coQosH, Iowa. \
SEerifa offce, Siuax City, Sept. III, l6s3--@w ]
Sioux City register. [volume] (Sioux City, Iowa) 1858-1871, 1863-09-26
Gall, Gall, Gall.

~We can afford to, and wiU sell al
our goods at prices which iu these times
will make it An object both in purse and
hdppises for tie Rich and Poor, Ne Eco.
nom.st aAd the Imprauidsnt, tie Epicurs
and tAe Frugol to purchase efss.
Sioux City register. [volume] (Sioux City, Iowa) 1858-1871, 1863-09-26

~ Cash foe the. seller and satisfaot !.
the tasshsser, II she business mott, Of
so37ly 81. D. BOOZE 4 co.
Sioux City register. [volume] (Sioux City, Iowa) 1858-1871, 1863-09-26
p RO E!

All kinds Of FURS and HIDES vii
bring the CASH at our Store.
The weekly pioneer and Democrat., 1863-04-24

that the latter was not contraband, as the
rebels were in full possession thereof,
through the medium of spies, deserters,
&C., therefore we do not hesitate to place
it before our readers. h 'h#
He thinks the failure in the Yazoo ex-
pedition is due in great measure, if not
entirely, to Gen. Sherman, who was Or
dered to ascend the Mississippi with a
strong force of troops to point ahead OF
the gunboats, and prevent guerrillas from
placing distractions in their way. AS he
failed to do this, the guerrillas were ena-
bled, with the aid of sharpshooters, field
artillery, and by telling trees into the bayou,
to break up the expedition. Our inform
ant seemed to think that possibility ex-
listed of the latter being undertaken again.
The weekly pioneer and Democrat., 1863-04-24
THE ATTACK ON SUMTER.

New YORK, April 1S.-The Charleston
Mercury says the question is reduced
to the relative powers of destruction of
the Forts and assailing feet. 1t is ques-
ton of pluck and survivorship in a square
stand-up fight. Iron-clad fleets can be
destroyed as well as forts. Fort Sum-
ter, although somewhat pitted to-day,
is, we believe, as it was when the fight be-
gan. We deem that if the attack is re-
newed again, as before, and there is good
reason to believe it will be, the six moni-
tors and Ironsides will come out defeated:
with worse results than those attained in
the first attempt.
The enemy fired about 80 shots, mostly
15-inch and steel-pointed shells, at Sumter.
This estimate was made from Sullivan's
Island. Forty struck the works, one ten
inch gun was temporarily disabled by a
shot, one Columbiad, old pattern, burst,
one seven-inch rifled gun dismounted by
recoil, and one gun disabled by fracture
of elevating screw and recoil. Not per-
son was killed In Sumter from any cause
Sergeant Faulkner and three privates were
injured by a shower of brick thrown from
the ramparts by large shot of the enemy.
A drummer boy was struck on the
head by the explosion of a shell over the
parade ground. A niger laborer, also,
was wounded. All are doing well.
The weekly pioneer and Democrat., 1863-04-24
Hooker Ready to Move.

A correspondent Of the Journal Of Com
maerce, writing from Washington on the
18th, says:
Whatever may be the result of the at
tack on Charleston, those who pretend to
know assert that the Army of the Poto-
mac will commence moving in less than
one week from this time. The roads are
getting in good order very rapidly, and all
things seem really ready for a demonstra-
ton. 1t is believed by many that there
will be an advance all along the lines from
the sea to the mountains. One thing is
certain, if Hooker does not move, he will
greatly disappoint the country. Should
Charleston fall, it is thought that Rich
mond will be Immediately evacuated, and
Hooker's wonderful " fighting qualities /"
may be demonstrated by marching into a
town held only by women and children.
But we are approaching climax and we
must be patient.
The weekly pioneer and Democrat., 1863-04-24
The Federal Fleet Above Vfcksbure
From the Cleveland Plaindealer.

From the Cleveland Plandealer
From a naval officer belonging to the
Mississippi fleet, with whom we had the
pleasure of conversing this morning, we
gathered few facts in relation to Vicks-
burg. Our informant was of the opinion
that in less than three weeks one of the
most frightful conflicts on record would be
fought for the possession of this rebel
stronghold. The most superhuman efforts
are being made by both sides to insure
victory. The rebels have mounted in
front of the town, in battery, seventy
seven of the heaviest guns To oppose
these the United States forces have. on
the naval side, the following ironclad gun
boats:
Chillicothe- 11-inch guns in turret.
Tuscumbia- 11-inch guns in turret
and 2 9-inch guns aft.
Lafayette-2 11-inch guns forward and
4 1OO-pounder Parrott broadside guns.
Benton-16 broadside guns and 10
inch guns forward.
Choctaw-2 11-inch guns in turret.
Mortar boats, mounting 13 11-inch NOR
tars.
Carondelet-1S guns.
Pittsburg-13 guns.
Cincinnati-13 guns.
Mound City-13 guns.
Louisville-13 guns.
Baron De Kalb-13 guns.
The officer from whom we obtained the
above news wa S explicit in his assurance
The weekly pioneer and Democrat., 1863-04-24
T. EMBEZXLEMENT IN THE ARMY
Disappearance of Quartermastt
with $4,000.

A Washington despatch to the Philadel-
phia Press says:
An officer in the Quartermaster's De-
partment has recently absconded with
large amount Of public funds intended for
the Fifth corps. He was last seen in
Washington on the 10th ultimo, when he
called upon Riggs & Company to cash a
check for some $4,000. The money was
paid in small notes. Leaving his uniform
at his hotel he took the cars for Baltimore,
where he was seen in company with sew
eral United States army officers. He was
traced to New York, thence to Troy, and
at length to Toronto Canada.
The officer is one in whom the great
est confidence was reposed by all who
knew him. He is an elderly man, and has
a family living in Massachusetts. Large
sums were intrusted to him by personal
friends, who have received evidence that
their money was used according to direc-
tiOns given.
The general opinion is that the delin-
quent, while in liquor, either lost portion
of the money at the gaming-table, or had
it stolen from him, and, fearing the con-
sequences, took flight.
The weekly pioneer and Democrat., 1863-04-24
ADDRESS OF JEFF. DAVIS.

jeff. Davis has issued an address to the
people of the Southern Oonfederacy, urg-
ing them to devote their agricultural labor
to the production of food.
He says that though soldiers are on half
rations of meat, there is plenty of it in
the Oontederacy, but that difficulty ex-
lists in it's transportation, which is now
about to be removed.
The address contains the following para
graph.
To oppose the invading forces composed
of levies which have already exceeded
1,300,OO men, we have had no resources
but the unconquerable valor of people
determined to be free, and were so desti-
tute of military supplies that tens of thous-
ands of our citizens were reluctantly re-
fused admission into the service from our
inability to furnish arms, while for many
months some of our strongholds owed
their safety chiefly to a careful conceal
ment of the fact that we were without
supply of powder for our cannon.
Your devotion and patriotism have tri-
umphed over all these obstacles and called
into existence munitions of war, clothing
and sustenance, which have enabled our
soldiers to illustrate their valor on dan
gerous fields and to inf1ict crushing defeats
on successive armies, each of which our
arrogant foes have fondly imagined to be
invlncible.
The contrast between our past and pres
ent condition, is well calculated to inspire
full confidence in the triumph Of our arms.
At no previous period of the war have our
forces been so numerous, so we'll organi-
zed and so thoroughly disciplined, armed
and equipped as at present
The season of high water on which our
enemies relied to enable their fleets Of
gun boats to penetrate into our country,
and devastate our homes is fast passing
away, yet our strongholds on the Mississip-
pi still bid defiance to the foe, and months Of
costly preparations for their reduction have
been spent in vain, disaster has been the
result of their every effort to turn or to
storm Vicksburg, and Port Hudson as we'll
as every attempt on our batteries on Red
River, Tallahatchie and other navigable
streams. Within a few weeks the fall
ing waters and increasing heats of summer
will compel their baffled and defeated
forces to abandonment of expeditions on
which was based their chief hope OF sue
cess in effecting our subjugation.
We must not forget, however, that the
war is not yet ended, and that we are still
confronted by powerful armies and threat
ened by numerous fleets, and that the
government that controls those fleets and
armies is driven to most desperate efforts
to effect the unholy purposes in which it
has thus far been defeated. 1t will use its
utmost energy to avert this impending
doom, so fully merited by the atrocities
it has committed, the savage barbarities it
has encouraged, and its crowning attempt
to excite servile population to the massa-
ere of our wives, daughters and helpless
children.
With such contest before us, there is
but one danger which the government of
your choice regards with apprehension,
and to avert this danger it appeals to the
never failing patriotism which you have
exhibited since the beginning of the war.