New-York daily tribune. [volume] (New-York [N.Y.]) 1842-1866, 1863-04-08

onu V'o.J ""A low A'Su~ Wmcn 10 decree
of autocrats, nor any treaties concluded -,
diplomats merely representing tho will Of thu.
employers, can destroy.
Nearly all the European monarchis. h.,
had to make far-reaching concession, % ~.
progressive spirit of the age. Nor have ....
generally been able to agree in thu NJ.
against the Progressive party. On The oo,
trsry. the latter has not rarely been :.
couraged, TO some extent, by one Of the Grs..
Powers, which hoped thus to extend it, in.
fluence at the expense of the Others. tn.
English Government, and, still more, LON.
Napoleon, have often acted in concert witt
the Liberal party abroad, whenever they fat
sure that such an alliance would not react d;..
advantageously upon their conservative po,o,
at home.
1t is Of importance to have q clear uud.,.
standing Of this relation Of the Goverumea..
and Of the Progressive party Of Europe 70 thu
treaty of Vienna, in order to comprehend IN.
full bearing of the most recent European oues.
ton, the Polish Revolution. The wrong in.
ficted upon Poland by Russia, Prussia, ana
Austria was 20 enormous and % shocking
that even at the Congress of Vienna soma
Of the diplomats foresaw that it would become
one of the fruitful sources of revolutionary All.
taton, and tried to settle it upon lasting
basis. The Emperor Alexander demanded tAs
Duchy Of Poland which Napoleon had ereeAl
out Of the Russian portion of Poland, and ind.
Gated his wish TO unite all the parts of Tie
former Polish Empire as o Kingdom under
PRUSSIA, of course, objected. In opposition 10
the Russian plan, Lord Castlereagh proposed
the reconstruction Of Polish Empire, which
should be Independent of all the three Norta-
ern Powers. This was seconded by Tallsy.
rand, and even Austria intimated that it would
rather sacrifice its Polish provinces TO an indie.
pendent Polish Empire, than see the whole Of
Poland under tho scepter of Russia. II Vs.
however, soon found that a restoration Of Pc.
land would conflict with SO many dynastic ia.
terests that Castlereagh and Metternich ka
back upon the plan of dividing the Duchy II
Warsaw, to which also the Emperor AleIaa.
der at length consented. This plan VIZ
finally adopted, and Poland redividsd b.
tween Russia, Prussia, and Austria. Russia
was to reorganize portion Of her Pohsk
provinces as Kingdom of Poland, the terri.
toral extent of which was not determined,
but to which the Congress guaranteed
" representation and National Institutions.
The Emperor Alexander promised TO he
Poles liberal Constitution, and in lSlSs
Polish Diet was convoked. But gradually tho
concessions made to the Poles were more and
more restricted, and after the death Of Alex.
ander nearly oil of them were revoked. Proa
that time to the present day the Poles have
not ceased to eonspirs to shake of the
Russian rule, and have had the steadily grow.
log approval Of the Progressive party Of
Europe.
We have shown in former articles with
what unprecedented enthusiasm public opinion
in all the European states encouraged The
recent attempt Of the Poles to recover
their national independence. All the Govern
ments of Europe, with the sole exception Of
Prussia, have so far yielded to the pressure Of
public opinion as to admit that Russia has
wronged the Poles, and robbed them even Of
those rights which were guaranteed to them
by the Congress of Vienna. They have, there.
fore, according to the latest intelligence, agreed
to demand OF Russia to conform to the pro-
visions Of that Treaty.
The Poles are, of course, not satisfied VITA
this amount Of interference in their behalf.
They fought not for the continuing division Is
sanctioned BY the treaty of Vienna, but foe
what they considered to be the indestructbs
rights Of every nationality. their independence.
lie is clear from the language OF the Europeans
press and from the prevailing tone in pepuas
meetings, that public opinion in Europe
strongly sympathized with these demands Of
the insurgents. The success of the Progressive
Party in other European States would sooa
lead to realization Of the patriotic wishes Of
the Poles; but even the interference Of tho
princes will probably secure them the power
to cultivate their national interests and pro-
pare the way for an ultimate pesceable victory