davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Union and journal. [volume] (Biddeford, Me.) 1858-1882, 1863-09-18

TIE FARM Is A AMANUFACroRY.-lt ought to
bc 80 regarded. Tho soil should 30 looked
upon us bearing the same relation to the ag-
riculturist that any raw material docs to tho
manufacturer of that specific raw material
IL Is the stock from which is to bo wrought
out tho marketable product. What Is put
on the soil in the shape Of seed fertilizers.
labor, should always DO regarded, together
with tho interest on tho money invested In
tho land, as going to make up tho cost Of tho
product-of the article manufactured from
the soil. And the farmer should know pro-
ciscly what this cost is-and it should gov.
ern tho prico at which he sells his produce.
Now, this 10 very simple and self evident
proposition. II has boon often repeated;
and vet II has got to bc told o great many
thousand times more before tho mass Of Tar.
mors will appreciate its Importance, judging
by the ratio Of their progress In this matter
in tho past. go.
We refer to Il now, and so often, because
wc believe Il Is as cmphatically the basis Of
success in agriculture rs in manufactures.
And we intend TO repeat 1t until our readers
who do business hap-hazard, and fail, shall
understand how to 90 to- work to find the
leak that is sinking tho ship.-Rnrai Ns0
York.
The Union and journal. [volume] (Biddeford, Me.) 1858-1882, 1863-09-18

To MEASURE AN Acnr.-we find tho FOL.
lowing going tho rounds. II may DO useful
to somo Of our readers e.1-.t-. .Ir-.
.IAnd, 80 IA square yard mako ] square
rod: 40 square rods made ! square rood 4
souare roods. acre; 6l0 ncrcs, square
mile; 1910 square yards, or l6o rods; make
i acre. In measuring an acre by yards, the
u.uaI practice Is to trace of 20 yards in
lenrtl, and 70 yards in width. This, in q
rough way, may be considered near enough
for practical purposes; but $50 yards 9th.
or way mako 1900 square yards, Il exceeds
ono aero by 60 yards To determine an 90
curate aero Il may bc measured 70 yards in
length by Go 1T yards In width. The same
resnlt may bc arrived at by measuring %
feet In length, and 1913 feet in width, or By
measuring 70 l.3 yards In length BY eeyard
in BREADTH" $50 80 ffa siir v,,-l sta
The Union and journal. [volume] (Biddeford, Me.) 1858-1882, 1863-09-18

CIVILIZATION INSTEAD OF BARBARIsN.-As
our armies arc progressing into the Gull
States power greater than the military is
also marching along, q power which will
open to the light tho darkness in which
slavery, in order to flourish, keeps society,"
The Worcester Spy proposes to reward the
ingratitudo of tho chivalry in the following
manner:
South Carolina has shut out light, and we
will punish her with flood Of it. She has
barred her doors against Northern intelli.
ccnce and discussion; she has frightened
strangers into being deaf and blind; North.
ern gentleman walking in tho streets OF
Charleston has been followed by the police
for days under the suspicion OF being an abo-
lition agent, and only an accident saved him
from arrest and imprisonment; 1t was unsafe
for traveller to have northern newspaper
in his pocket; and now oil this is changed.
Where the army goes newspapers so with
thcm-''pcstilent abolition journals" sufiic.
iently outspokcn to drive oil tho patriarchs
mad in the neighborhood. These papers
have been issued in Virginia, tho Carolinas,
Florida, Louisiana, Mississippi, Kentucky,
and Tennessee, and tho negroes have learned
to read them! We will punish Carolina by
giving her Northern newspapers OF the ireest
kind, to all her people, to uplift and enlight-
en- them.
And finally, rs tho bittcrcst Of all punish.
neuts. VIC will bless her barbarism with tho
gift of FREQ schools; tho music of Northern
school bells shall be heard through all her
borders. ringing bencdiction to tho out
cast and the poor. The gospel OF ignorance
has been preached there long enough. Yam.
kcc schools, Yankee books, Yankee ciyiliza
ton, have been sncorcd and rallied at long
enough.
Now We will punish them with the bless
ings they dcspisc, and, sweeping out the filth
of their house, force them to higher plane
oi living, force them to sec tho dignity and
blcsscdncss of labor, force thcm to acknowl-
edge the value of civilization over barbarism,
and to bring them forth from their house OF
bondage into the light and glory Of pcrma-
nCnt prosperity and peace.
The Union and journal. [volume] (Biddeford, Me.) 1858-1882, 1863-09-18
Stlisteual1eous.
PRETTY KATIE's DOWRY.
Br MARY GRACE HALPINE.

Among oil the pretty maiden's who
thronced the mills mt Lawrence, there was
not a brighter eye, or roster cheek, than
Catherine Boyden's. or Katie, as sho was
generally called. Her eyes were large and
black, and fringcd with long and silky LASH
es , the jetty hair just curly enough to wave,
rippled across the smooth, clear forehead,
the cherry red lips, wcro ever curving and
dimpling into smiles, while the color in her
checks was like the heart of June roso.
Kate would have known that sho was
beautiful, if no one had ever told her 80 the
admiripg eyes that followed hor as she went
to and fro from work. or passed along the
street, were more eloquent than words. Not
that words were wanting to assure her OF
this ..scli.evident fact" nor the many bland.
ishments and aattering attentions with
which man seeks to win tho heart ofwoman.
But Kate was more discreet and sensible
than most beauties are, for though she had
many admirers, she had only one lover; ;
keepinc all the rest at q proper distance,
much to the satisfaction Of Austin Grey.
There were some too who wero ill.natured
enough to say "that pretty Katie Boyden
might have looked higher than inachinist,
dependant upon his daily labor. Butwhen
Kato heard Of it. she said roguishly, "that
Austin was nearly head and shoulders above
her, and she did not see how she could con.
ycniently "look higher than that"
She had no inclination to do 80 at any
rate. Austin Grey's 1.-the aud vigorous
form and kind, honest face, were to her tho
ideal of truo manhood; and as she became
acquainted with his industrious habits, and
irreproachable character, she determined In
her wise little heart that no should be her
husband, and no other, n resolution which
she never afterwards had reason to repent.
But there was one drawback to their hap
piness, and that was tho necessity for the in.
definite postponement Of their marriage: for
they had both prudcntly resolved that they
would not marry, until they had the means
of procuring a pleasant, and comfortable
home. To effect this end, they both prac-
ticcd tho closest economy. Every Sunday
night Austin went to SEQ Katie, and then
thoy compared notes to find out how near
they were TO tho wished for goal forming
plans and indulgins in happy anticipations,
rs all lovers have done since Adam courted
our iirst mother, and will continue to do un.
ill the end Of time.
Austin was an excellent workman, and
earned good wages, and. at ono time, had
nearly saved an amount sufficient to enable
tbcm 10 realize their modest expectations.
But his generous nature prompted him TO
lend largo portion Of it to a iellow.work.
man. who promised to repay it in tew
weeks, but who absconded leaving no trace
of his whereabouts.
soon alter this untoward cvont, our hero
inc became the object Of series oi annoyan'
The Union and journal. [volume] (Biddeford, Me.) 1858-1882, 1863-09-18

FLowERs.-IIow the universal heart Of
men blcsscs flowers. Thoy are wrcathed
round tho cradle, the marriage altar, and
tho tomb. The Persian In the far East do
lights In their perfume, and writes bic love
In noscgays, while tho Indian child Of the
far wcst claps his hands with CLEO ~ no
gathers the abundant blossoms-thc illumin.
ated scriptures Of the prairics. Tho Cupid
Of the ancient Hindoos tipped his arrows
with flowers, and orange flowers arc bridal
crown with us, nation Of Yesterday. Flow
crs garlanded the Grecian altar, and hung in
yotiye wreaths before the Christian shrine.
All these arc appropriate uses. Flowers
should deck the brow Of the youthful BRIDE;
for they are In themselves lovely ype o.
marriage. They should twine arSono s...se see
tomb, Tor their. perpetualiy ren'Ts TSs, I sSc.IS
isstocn tho altar. for their fragrance and ~
their beauty ascend In perpetual worship ps' e,
fore the Most High. 49,.
The Union and journal. [volume] (Biddeford, Me.) 1858-1882, 1863-09-18

NEGRO wlr.-Ono Of tho agents for tho dis
tribution Of articles sent TO General Grants
.soldiers tells tho following:
"Whilo upon steamboat on the Lower
Mississippi. big, fat. jolly negro soldier was
upon tho deck Of the boat standing guard.
The boat landed at Helena, when white SOL
dier camc on board. and seeing tho negro In
uniform, with muskot, &C., ho stepped back
little, and the following questions and an.
swers wcro propounded and replied to:
White Soldior-Hcllo, darkcy, arc you Q
soldier?
Negro Soldicr-Yeth. thar; Ith thoIgar.
White Soldicr-Look hero, dsrkoy, isy your
Negro Soiclsr-No, thar, ho ith'snt mig.
o No answer was made TO the last ques-
tion."
The Union and journal. [volume] (Biddeford, Me.) 1858-1882, 1863-09-18

A JOKE ON AN "EGYFrnN REGIMENT.
A we'll known commander was drilling .
brigade ut Kripplc Creek, Tenn, q short
time since, and in Il was o slim portion OF
tho "Elevcn Hundred and Fifty-ninth I'LL.
nois." Quito largo number OF this regi'
mcnt have deserted upon every occasion oter-
cd. the men generally being very inattentive.
Tho commanding officer OF 'ail that Is !eit
of them" was severely censured the other
day for dereliction OF duty. Tho General
swore BY the Eternal he wished tho Colonel
of the "Elcven Hundred and Fifty ninth"
"would 90 home and join his regiment. f"
The Union and journal. [volume] (Biddeford, Me.) 1858-1882, 1863-09-18
LATEST wASrs.-Tho ring worn on tn
90 E;pcor of acorn

LATEST wANrs.-The ring worn on tht
. Finger Of scorn.'
A tooth from q honoy.comb.
Wings OF brick bat. ta'.
Drumsticks to beat the conun-drum.
Too from the foot Of mountain.
Tongue from cannon's mouth.
Pier from the bridge Of nose.
A leg from the seat of war.
Spine offs United States Grecnback.
One of tho Horns Of Dilemma.
Water from farewell. .
Thread used with Clcopatra's needle.
Time played by contra-band. j,
A gill Of tho ',milk Of human kindness
Amount of ducks bill.
Sbingle from tho roof of the mouth.
Account posted in the Legerdomain.
Hair from the head Of pin. .....,.
Machine to raise blockadcs. &C..
A log OF wood sawed with sea.saw.
Bottle of tears from tho eyes Of Potatoes
Tears from weeping willow.
Kcy OF an elephants trunk. s, ,',.
The Union and journal. [volume] (Biddeford, Me.) 1858-1882, 1863-09-18

EIn tho hight Of mosquito time the
little rascals practice their songs nightly, to
tho annoyance Of every one. While q little
cir, Ettie, then about Eve years old, was DO.
Ing put to bed, her mother said to her :"Et-
tie,d you must always bo a good girl. and
then at night when you arc asleep tho angels
will como and watch around your bed"
"Oh! yes, mn, )" said Ettic, "know that,
I heard thcm singing all around my head
last night, and somo Of them bit me, too" /"
The Union and journal. [volume] (Biddeford, Me.) 1858-1882, 1863-09-18
Aoetrp,
OUR VILLAGE AT pAYBREAK.

Tis daybreak over the village 1 look from the
rustic inn,
And watch the widening sunshine its days bright
As the n Sarni.Ssa clouds turn fiery red and the
awakes his kin.
In the very heart Of the village, where tho double
You hear The joyful blackbri in the parsons crofs
that sings, -.
while they feed him, stinys.
Tho cobbier. up an hour ere dawn, carols long
psalms all through,
Stitching away with Pryins eyes at the miliers
Shes the dei,e.t foot in the country side, and beau
ty enough for two.
Tho wagon team went jingllng outa good halfhour
Tho sturdy lad. who ,macked tho whip, seemed to
The poasman,s horses stride along, -chostcd,
In q row.
Tho cook crows shrii tho lark Is up. the rooksarc
Tho flower. are out the brook chirps on, each
happy In Its degrees
And the rippes OF red run over the sky the wind
shouts In its glee.
Now the doors slip back their trusty bolts and the
shutters rattle down.
Glad faces look up at the morning sky, and voices
fill the town,
While drowsy girls at tho village pump brim up
the pitcher brown.
Days up and must sally out for many happy
mile,
Through howery lanes, by river.sides, resting at
many stile,
"a vagrant artist on the tramp) and singing all the
while. lChamber's Journal.
The Union and journal. [volume] (Biddeford, Me.) 1858-1882, 1863-09-18
CONN Warehouse.

j. M D Il A r N q,
succEssoR TO I. y. :. pEARiSa,
STILL CONTINUES TO
Keen the Largest and Best Assortment
of Cofans, Robes and Plates that can he found In
yort County, which win be sold cheaper than AZ
IT,. ashsr piaec. Also Agent for Cranes Metallic
nny my. n. Saw fling and Job work done at
.haps notice. AZ the old stand, Dearing building,
Chss,nut street. Residence, South Street. near
The City Building. i0e
The Union and journal. [volume] (Biddeford, Me.) 1858-1882, 1863-09-18

pretty cottage house in the suburbs, Of which
our friend Katio became mistress.
She still keeps the dowry she brought her
husband. Though Austin as often assures
her ho would give the amount twice over,
for an opportunity Of bestowing upon ITS
original owner the chastiscment he 90 richly
merited. o.. .f ...
The Union and journal. [volume] (Biddeford, Me.) 1858-1882, 1863-09-18

-simplc words arc sometimes loaded
.,,to sboiis and explode century away.
The Union and journal. [volume] (Biddeford, Me.) 1858-1882, 1863-09-18
PENSIONS & BOUNTIEs

f. W. GUPTILL,
Attorney at LGV, Sdco, Name.
Attorney and Solicitor for Pensions and Bounty
Claims In Army and Navy.
Prompt and viglant attention given 20 the col
lection or demands as heretofore and all other bu
siness incident 10 the legal profession.
Refers to Hon. John w, Fowler. President ct state
and National Law School. Poughkcepsie, NY. lyf3
The Union and journal. [volume] (Biddeford, Me.) 1858-1882, 1863-09-18
N. w. DAY,
Auction and Commission Merchant,

MOULD inform the people Of Biddeford, Saco
w and vicinity, that ho has taken out license 10
sell at Auction for all who may favor him with n
call, Also, all kinds OF Second Hand Furniture
6osgAt aud sold ON reasonable terms. Second hand
Stoves OF all kinds on hand. Canc-Seat Chairs re-
bottomed. Feather beds constantly ON hand.
Place of business Liberty street,
No. 3 Gothic Block, Biddeford, Ne.
December 81. 1862. isu
The Union and journal. [volume] (Biddeford, Me.) 1858-1882, 1863-09-18
JOHN +. BUTLER, Editor and Proprietor.
THE UNION g. JOURNAL,

Ispublished every Friday morning, at 81 80; II
paid strictly In advance 500 II delayed till the
expiration OF the year.
TERMS on ADVERTISING.
One square (being tho space occupied by Is lines
of solid nonparel. or space II Inches In len;th)
ono insertion, NVo
The Union and journal. [volume] (Biddeford, Me.) 1858-1882, 1863-09-18
Gbe Wnion &yomnal.
Mr.. Eyerett's Letter.
ON rAcrloUs OPPOSITION.

The following is the letter written by Mr..
Everett to tho Mass Convention which as
sCmbled on Thursday at Springfield, Illinois:
New-York daily tribune. [volume] (New-York [N.Y.]) 1842-1866, 1863-12-03

afs while the United States stamp duty lease OF the
most valuable building, for term not exceeding three
years is 20 Cents exceeding three years 81. Per.
pc.ual Leases" in the United States dltabc under
head u Conveyance" but this is fur below tho
British duty IN The same. analogous cases.
We have not yet TIE details Il The British stamp du
ties paid on legal documents Court Fees in pro-
ccelinss in bankruptcy and Insolvency. probates chan
Gerry. divorces and the High Court Of Admiralty. but
the general statement that these fees amounted in lsol
20 sos 9Ol % may suffice.
Turning 10 licenses. give examples the British
license duties required to be paid by attorney. Of
from SO % TO siJ So; United States license So by
an aucioneer Of So 40, United States license duty
is so
British Postmasters license to keep horses and
rIagcs to let for hire which license corresponds with
our lycry-stnblc Keepers license is briefly follows
SIG 20 II lie keeps horse carriage; Ss eO If he
keeps IS carriges and not exceeding 20 horses Inter
mediate numbers Of horses and carriages involve inter
mediate rates Of license duty For every 10 horses he
keeps multiple OF 10 horses in addition 10 the first 20
he must pay further license duty OF sie 40 Five per CT
is added 10 these rates for Postmasiers license 10 keep
horses and carriages TO let for hire in Ireland In ad
dton to this on each horse kept by postmaster to let
for hire for riding, or, drawing taxable csrrage.
by any other person. for riding. driving a taxable
carraec such horse exceeding 10 hands In hight,
sesned tax IS " is levied and for each horse pony
or mule not exceeding IS hands in hight kept for riding,
or drawing taxable carriage such postmaster other
person ID required 10 pay an assessed tax Of 81 81. In
few instances there reductions OF, exemptions
from. tie above rates, for clergyman teacher. phys
elan, bailin, shepherd or herdsman keeping only one
ho,sc il taxed but - 81 and in many cases IA horse
kept by market gardener or fnrmcr is exempt. sil
In addition TO tho above items Of taxation. tho British
livery stable keeper pays much heavier tax on car
rages than ia required in this country. There is no
government tax Oh horses here and United States "
New-York daily tribune. [volume] (New-York [N.Y.]) 1842-1866, 1863-12-03

to keep liverysable costs but SO, though an
Indefinite number of horses and carriages be kept.
Marriage licenses in Great Britain are clasScd as
spr cal' and special The former costs S24 70
the latter 81 40; but in this country licenses are
necessary.
There is British tax of from a. "a to s. 0S on sery
ants. and from g. 81 to SIG "a on private carriages.
Tie former exempt from taxation in this country
and the later aro only taxed from 81 to $40
Every British dog "of whatever description costs
It's assessed tax Of - 90 and pack Of 60 or
more is taxed s9 66; while the of dogs here
pay nothing to the United States.
hackney carriage in London is required 10 pay a
Government duty and license amounting to S92 90 per
10 gain the right to run during the entire week.
or ssO "a, If II is not used on the Sabbath.
In addition to very heavy license duty. the British
manufacturer of whisky pays duty Of 81 AZ per gallon,
while the American manufacturer pays 70 cents per gal
Ion. In addition to the payment of a similar license
duty the British brewer pays 81 PC per Dbl on bis beer
81 AZ the beer the malt from which it is made
having alrcady.pad. indirectly heavy maltsters Ii
ccnsc tax and manufacturers tax the latter amount.
ing to Id. or 1900 than cent per "rot" g
pns) or imperial quart The American brewer pays a
manufacturers duty Of only 60 cents per Dbl.
There has been one "drect tax" Of $4,000 900 levied
by the United States the several States the sew
ea States. which cannot be repeated until 1865 This
tax upon the lands and improyemeut thereon only
and is far lighter than the British direct tax" which
is not only perpetual but extends TO mines. quarres
fisheries tithes, tolls, annuiicS, &c.
We turn to the cost Of collecting British taxes We
find that the "ayerage total cost of collecting us III
ternal revenue is IL 10 per cent ana the "'''s'
grand total" cost Of collecting the entire revenue
customs. and all. is IL 26lOO per cent on INC
collected. These estimates are upon the s'iH'o'''0'
total OF the British revenue in ls6l. Inc peopc WIN
soon have an opportunity Of seeing what costs 10 COZ
lect tho United States internal revenue ppl 'Heie 10
New-York daily tribune. [volume] (New-York [N.Y.]) 1842-1866, 1863-12-03
good reason to believe that it viii fall below IL liz

good reason to believe that 1t viii fall below II i0
per cent on the amount collected.
Equally interesting and instructive comparisons oaH
be made Of the In which the revenues Of Europe
and the United States are expended The Lord Leuen.
ant of Ireland for example, receives salary Of e96 so
per annum which is 1900 than the aggregate Of
the salaries Of our President Vice President and the
Cabinet officers. The entire expenditure Of tho
Royal Family Of England amounts to little short a
900 per annum exclusive Of el93 600 granted ~
marriage portion Of the Princess Royal the maintenance
Of the royal palaces, gardens &c. and this SIM
compares favorably with similar bills of $4,Sp.0o
which the French people pay Tor their Emperor:
o. paid by the Austrians for theirs. and o.
200 by the Spanish for theirs.
The material for all these comparisons the British
side of the question has been drawn from tables found
in the British Almanac for 1863; from English work
entitled Taxation" by Leone Levi. +. 8. A.. +. s.
Professor Of the Principles and Practice Of Commerce
in Kings College, London; and from Taxation. its
Levy and Expenditure" by Sir s. Morton Peto. Bart.
and NJ. +. for Fnsbury.
Washington Nov. 7, 1863.
New-York daily tribune. [volume] (New-York [N.Y.]) 1842-1866, 1863-12-03

II addition TO this there is British Legacy duty on
tie same property and which is much heavier than our
Legacy tax; while at tie same time Tie Stamp duty
continues to increase according to amount. Thus:
81 grcemcnt or minute. or memorandum OF agreement
for any matter Of the value Of ga 90 or upward not
otherwise charged nor specially exempted from stamp
duty together with every schedule receipt other
matter udorsed on. or affixed thereto Il cents, with
progressive duty Of y cents for every 1850 words"
We. on Tie other hand have no duty on receipts. or
progressive duty on words but special agreement
schedules &c. relating 20 Probate or Letters, ply a
duty of cents for oaeh sheet piece OF paper upon
which tie same is written
"Apprentice's mdcn,ure." British stamp duty. 81 al
10 $3.50; American. 8 cents per sheet, &c.
An Englishman who wishes a son. ward. relative
OF friend 10 become Il lawyer, must pay stamp duty
Of s3os 20 the ARTICLES OF Clorkship " an at
tornoy or proctor whereby Tie boy becomes law stu
dent Of such attorney proctor while such Articles
pay duty Of only cents pcl sheet in this country The
stamp duty the paper required 10 be executed on
British attorneys admission 70 tho bar Is 22i2
British stamp duties on Leases amount % ten per cent
the rental Of the premises leased. which duty In the
case Of large hotels would amount 70 thousands Of dol
New-York daily tribune. [volume] (New-York [N.Y.]) 1842-1866, 1863-12-03

tho war; rents fell very low and continued so during
1861. Many landlords did not profess to insist on
stipulated rents but took what they could get.
This was especially the case in tcncment-houscs.
But in 1862 rents began to rise again. until tenement
rates have now reached almost their old figure ana
there are no dwelling houses 70 be rented
While this is the condition Of the prices of the
necessares of life, wages stand much in this state:
Between 1915 and 1850 rise took place in the
rate of remuneration equal TO from lot - percent
still further increase took place IN ls5i, which
may be estimated a, from % 10 per cent. From
which time upt the present, ISior to She strikes,
there has been no general increase Of wages, al-
though particular employers have, At times, some
during the Spring OF this year. increased the pay OF
their employees, and the compensation Of particular
classes of workers, s;cvcdorcs, lOborcrs, and some
others, has been somewhat augmented.
The rate OF increase in wages from 1915 until now
il perhaps bcs, exhibited in relation 10 carpenters,
class whose pay generally the last to be increased
aud the first to he lowered The occasion Of any
change in the condition of the Affairs of the COM
munty. The wages of this body of lnborers will be
seen 20 have reached tho price which they held at
the beginning of this year, in 1851 and to have un-
dcrgonc 10 change except in 1851 and 1851, which
were exceptional years especially 1851, in regard 10