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The Union and journal. [volume] (Biddeford, Me.) 1858-1882, 1863-01-30

RESIGNATION Ok A MAINE OFFICER IN Con-
SEQUENCE OF THE PROCLAMATION. letter
from Con. Burnside's army furnishes the fol:
lowing
Lieut.. Nichols. of the 10Th Maine Volun-
teers, rendered his resignation, alleging as q
reason that the Proclamation was 'inexpe-
dent and unconstitutional Lieut. Col.
Heath. his regimcntal commander, placed
him under arrest for characterization, and
sent up his resignation Endorsed 'diSap-
proved Col. Moorehead, commanding the
brigade, passed it forward with similar en-
dorsement. Gen. Howard, who has the divi-
sion, sent it on, with the recommendation
that this officer, for condemning the policy OF
the Government, with which he had nothing
to do, should have his uniform stripped of,
and DO placed outside the lines with a certifi-
cate of his dishonorable discharge in hispock-
ct. Gen. Couch, at the head of the corps,
referred it, to higher authority asking
whether Nichols could be tried on any charge
except resigning in the face of the enemy.
Thus it reached tho highest authority
Gen. Sumner-for Grand Division Comman-
ders have final Jurisdiction in furloughs and
designations. Gen. Sumner returned the pa
per with an order that this mau'bc brought
to trial at tho earliest possible moment. A
court.martial was Immediately called. and
Nichols is now before ton these charges
l. Conduct prejudicial to good order and dis.
,ciplino. Q, Disloyalty to the Government.
We shall probably have decision to-day,
unless marching orders suspend the court.
The Union and journal. [volume] (Biddeford, Me.) 1858-1882, 1863-01-30
For the Union and Journal.

Mr.. EDIroR:-In your edition Of last week,
there is an article styled "Rank and its In
sigma in the Army Of the United States
in which are some errors that require correc.
ton, if the object of the writer was to im.
part information on that subject to your
many readers.
In the first paragraph the inference is nat.
ural-that none but a Lieut.. General is en-.
titled to wear the three starred epaulet OF
shoulder strap. When the Regulations pro-
vide and the practice is, for any Major Gen.
commanding an army to wear that insignia.
A for instance we read in this mornings
telegram that Gen. Hooker's friends are to
present him with that badge.
The buttons ON the coat Of Col, Lieut..
COL or Major are in two rows, seven in each
row land not eight at equal distances apart.
Those of Captain and oil below his rank,
in one row, numbering nine, instead of eight.
A Captains shouldcrstrap contains four gold
bars, or two at each end Lieut.. has two
bars on each strap, or ono at each end.
The description of one chcvron given is
worn by the Quarter-master Sergeant and
not the Quartcr-master himself.
For the Orderly Sergeant the cheyron is
in worsted, three bars with diamond above /;
while the same in ed silk with star above
indicates the duties and rank of Ordinance
Sergeant, which Is above that Of First or
Orderly Sergeant.
The Adjutant, as well as Surgeon, Quar-
ter-master and Chaplain constitute the Reg
mental Staff. The non.commissoned staff
comprises the Sergeant Major, Quarter-mas-
ter Sergeant. Commissary Sergeant and Hos
pital Steward.
Light blue denotes in the shoulder strap
the Infantry arm Of the service; while dark
blue indicates the General staff or staff corps.
Every student of Military affairs in times
like these, demands accuracies first, last and
oil the way through; for in the practice of
this art slight error often leads to dreadful
results.
In the detection of the above errors no
display of superior intelligence, nor the cap
tons spirit OF the martinez is intended, only
good will, to the author for what correct
information there is contained.
[The article above referred to, we selected
from an exchange and nten:ed it for the out
side of the paper, but it was unavoidably
placed inside. 1t has received quite an ex.
tensive circulation. We are obliged to our
correspondent for the corrections he makes.
-ED.1
The Union and journal. [volume] (Biddeford, Me.) 1858-1882, 1863-01-30
ga Cud for the Croakers."

Under this caption, the Evening Post Of
Monday reviews the confessions of the Rich
mond Examiner, which. it says, does not ex-
aggorate our successes or underrate the dcs-
peration of the Confederate cause, and it per-
tinently asks; "Why, then, the croaking on
our side? Our soldiers are not shirtless or
barcfooted; we>haye not been driven out of
three or four States, each as great as Euro
pean kingdom we are not suffering from
lack of war material; we have just got a
new army in the field; we have just gained
great victory at Murfreesboro'; Porter and
McClernand are sweeping Arkansas of rob-
els, preparatory to grand future movement
not yet to DO disclosed; we have at last dis
covered in Rosecrans capable general, 81.
lent, active, ardent patriotic, determined to
put down the rebellion, and going about it
with an mir that presagcs success. Moreo-
yer, we are upon the eve Of important opera
tions, both by sea and land, for which prep,
ara,ions have been making in silence for sew
eral months past. In few days it will once
more begin to thunder all around
We recommend these facts to all the Mr..
Despondences, with their daughters. the Mis-
trusts, in the hope that they will box ut
chem impartially-not as Americans, who
naturally expect to have every thing put
through by lightning express but as sensi-
bic leaders of history, who know that even
the rapid movements and combinations Of
Napoleon in field Of war no larger than
Massachusetts,, required weeks and months
for their development. They will then see
that we have to-day almost certainty OF
.uccess: and they will sec. too, why it is
that every rebel agent, spy and sympathizer
in the free STATES IS working desperately to
produce political disturbances at the North,
is the only means of saving his Southern
riends."
The Union and journal. [volume] (Biddeford, Me.) 1858-1882, 1863-01-30

SIzE or SoLDHRs.-0f one thousand men
N the British army there were but sixty five
men who were six feet and over in hight,
and in the same number OF soldiers in tho
French army, but four; while OF eighteen
hundred recruits for the United States army
two hundred and forty-one were six feet and
yer in hight, or somewhat more than one
hundred and thirty-thrce per one thousand.
Out Of eight thousand six hundred and thir-
:y.two persons who presented themselves for
examination in New York city for enlistment.
ut two were under the prescribed hight
Tive feet three inches). One Of these was
an Englishman and the other an American.
The Union and journal. [volume] (Biddeford, Me.) 1858-1882, 1863-01-30

MESSAGE OF THE governor OF KANsAs.-The
message of the Governor of Kansas proclaims
an unqualified support of the administration
for the following reasons:
ave stand by the administration because
the administration is the organized authority
of the nation. II has labored to avoid our
present troubles. 1t has done nothing, pro-
posed nothing, asserted nothing in opinion
or principle, which invaded, or which thrca-
tened to invade, the rights of States, or
violate the letter or spirit Of the federal Con.
stitution. No entreaty, no appeal, no for.
barancc has availed. By fraud and usurpa.
ton the leaders OF the rebellion have CON-
PEELED an unwilling people in tho South to
defend them, and by ruthless violence and
reckless action have forced upon the country
its fearful struggle for life. The administra-
ton would save that. We sustain it, there
fore, because in that life rests our hope Of
liberty and happiness"
The Governor expresses the utmost conf
dcnce in'the triumph Of the government over
the rebellion, despite the machination Of
party and the lntriegues OF faction.
The Union and journal. [volume] (Biddeford, Me.) 1858-1882, 1863-01-30
MAINE LEGISLATURE.

In the House, Jan. 90, Mr.. Cony, from
the Joint Select Committee to which was 70.
ferred that part of the Governors Message
relating to bounties paid to volunteers since
tho adjournment Of the last Legislature,
made report, that. under the call Of the
President of July last for 100000 three
years volunteers, q bounty Of $45 each was
paid to four thousand eight hundred and
seventeen men in new regiments, amounting
to S2l6,7G5, and bounty Of S55 to two
thousand ninety.four recruits for old regi.
ments in the field, amounting to $ll5,225.
There was paid to Pay,nasters for service in
disbursing this money, S4s9,5O; for interest
paid by them when not in funds, $685., 90
making total of 1888, O24 expended by the
State. The money was advanced by thirty
five BANKS in different parts Of the State, the
managers relying upon the patriotism and
good faith of the Legislature to reimburse
the amount thus advanced by thcm. A re-
solve was submitted by the Committee for
tho repayment Of the money advanced by
the banks.
On Saturday, under suspension of the
rules q resolve was passed both branches, ap-
10000 for bountics to DO paid
to recruits for the regiments now in the field,
who have been or may be enlisted before the
LIST Of February.
The Union and journal. [volume] (Biddeford, Me.) 1858-1882, 1863-01-30

Mr.. Vallandigham says II the North wishes
to restore the Union we must stop fighting
make an armstice. withdraw the army from the
seeded States, recall the feet, break up the
blockade. open railroads, restore travel, establish
the telegraph. visit the South. buy and sell,
let slavery alone, and in fine give oil the natu
raj and official causes which imrel US together
their fullest sway.
The Richmond Dispatch of the 10th inst
says:
elf the whole Yankee race should fall down
in the dust tomorrow and pray us to be there
masters, we would spurn them even rs slaves,
Our only wish is to be separated from them
finally and forever-never to see the face OF
one of them again never to hear the voice OF
another Yankee on the south side Of t,he
Potomac or the north-to have no traffic and
no intercourse of any description whatever
with them. We are lighting for separation
and we will have 1t, II it cost the life Of every
man in the Confederate States"
The Union and journal. [volume] (Biddeford, Me.) 1858-1882, 1863-01-30
For the Union and Journal.
WASHINGTON, ID. O., Jan. "a, 1868.

" - ~ os'' ~ ~SOo'
Editor of the Union and Jounal:-Time,
with its wasting and deadly work, aided by
the exposure and the wearing labors of hard
service in the field, has done fearful work
in the ranks of the First Maine Cavalry since
first they deserted the friendly and CHEEKY
hearth stones in old Maine. Rebel bullets
and rebel bayoncts have done what they
could to aid this march Of death among this
regiment Of hardy volunteers. Col. Allen,
and Adjt. Stevens have both resigned, and
they passed through this city some days since
on their way home.
But among the common soldiers | almost
fear to recount tho list Of the fallen and the
dead. With faces turned to heaven, some
rest away in yonder burial ground in tho
rear of the Soldiers Home-some three miles
northeast Of tho Capital. And all that is
mortal of some have been sent to their old
homes in Maine to DO inferred with their
fathers. Others, still, have gone to the
God who gave them being, when far away
on the polluted and treason stained soil of
tho traitors-in arms.
Bless and cherish their memory. know
the loyal people of Maine will not soon for
get the tolls and the sacrifices of those de-
parted heroes.
10 1t is grea, for our country to die, where ranks
are contending;
Bright Is tho wreath Of our fame; Glory awaits
us for aye
Glory that never is dim. shining on with light
never ending
Glory that never shall fade, never, o! never
away"
Lieut.. Col. Doughty has command Of the
Cavalry and has had the command of it ever
since the advance into Virginia, succeeding
Pope's "skcdaddlc." l hear it is ut Fall
mouth or in the vicinity Of fredericksburg
somewhere. Without even asking it. I'm
Gle Sam has given me my "discharge."
as he is Of the opinion that can no longer
DO of any service to him as soldier in ac-
tive service in the field. have done what |
could to stay the tide Of treason. 1t has not
been much know. But common soldier
can do nothing except obey the men who
have been commissioned as his superior COM
manding officers. Saving the promptings OF
duty and conscience, the fare and duties Of
the crank and file Of the Army holds out no
very fascinating inducements to the man
whose pursuits in life have been of seden-
tary character. But may God bless the
Army and the Navy, and our weather beaten
Republic in its struggles for National Lille,
and last though not least, GoD BLESS OUR
HONEST PRESIDENT. McCLARY.
The Union and journal. [volume] (Biddeford, Me.) 1858-1882, 1863-01-30
eNl1 WzEKaY AasR BEFeEED TO AGRICULTURE aeadEECS AND

the seaboard, from Fortress Monroe to the
Rio Grande are in the hands Of the enemy.
Very consoling and very easy to say tina,
it was impossible to prevent all TINS, anu a
that the occupation of tho outer edge Oh Ine
Republic amounts TO nothing. Dewry .
Bluff and Vicksburg give the Tic 70 tn1 nls'
assertion. and the onward movement Of Rose
Grams toward Alabama, the presence Of Grant
in North Mississippi. and Of Curtis in Mid
die Arkansas. to say nothing of Banks at
New. Orleans and Baton Rouge, set at rest
the silly dream that a thin strip of sea-coast
only is in the possession Of our foes. The
truth is. tine Yankees are in great force in
the very heart Of the Contederaey; they
swarm on all our borders, they threaten every
important city yet belonging to US, and
nearly two hundred thousand of them are
within two days. march of the Confederate
capital. This is no fiction. 1t is q fact 80
positive that none can deny it.
The Union and journal. [volume] (Biddeford, Me.) 1858-1882, 1863-01-30
SECRET societies Among tho slaves.

A letter from an officer recently prisoner
in the South gives tho following curious
statement. The New York Evening Post has
been assured most positively by other officers
that the more intelligent slaves are united in
such society as Is described below:
GAS We were paroled We had more liberty
than the rest of the party. Instead Of stay
ing with the rest nights, VIC would put up
at hotels and report to the provost IN the
morning and join our party. Two or three
times we stayed over day or two, and went
on with the next lot. At one place, which
it would be unwise to mention, We found
some negroes who asked us II we were YAM
KEGS On assuring them we were, and speak
ing few kind words, they asked us to fol-
low them ut distance to q room Of theirs.
We had not been there long before severa!
joined them, each speaking some word
through tho key hole, without which they
would get no reply from those within.
They asked innumerable questions about
the North, the Administration, and the pros
poets of the war, which we answered to the
best of our knowledge. They told US that
they were organized into secret societies
through the South, and werc patiently wal
ting for an opportunity to render the Presi'
dents proclamation Of freedom their aid.
Several present were men whom their mas.
tiers trusted in important transactions, and
many assured me that their masters could
hardly DO convinced that they would DO
aught against the institution but placed the
most implicit confidence in them. They ap-
peared to DO we'll posted in public affairs,
and confident that tho Confederacy was on its
last legs, as they said the people everywhere
were grumbling and complaining of hard
times and praying for peace. One compared
the Coniederacy to closet door in tho room
which hung on only ono hinge and that
cracked"
If the shareholders form themselves into
secret societies to bind the letters of the
slaves faster, why should the bondmen not
also have their secret societies to break those
letters?
The Union and journal. [volume] (Biddeford, Me.) 1858-1882, 1863-01-30
Effects Of the Proclamation.

A correspondent Of the New York Tribune
writes of tho effect the proclamation has
already produced:
The northern neck Of Virginia, the heart
Of aristocracy and wealthy slavery, is alive
with vast hegira Of bondmen and bond
women, travelling under President Lincoln's
pass.-The proclamation is depopulating the
whole region between the Rappahannock and
the Potomac. In farm wagons, in coaches,
on horseback. afoot and in buggies, with val
liable property in every case, this second move
meut from Egypt to the promised land fills
the highways and woods. The freed slaves
come straight to our lines. On tho other side,
rebel raids daily snatch valuable slaves, and
hurry them westward to the mountain fast
ness for security. 1t was so that masters
hid away their property in the mountains Of
San Domingo. In Baltimore the proclama-
ton daily strikes the letters of the large
number Of slaves sent for safety to that city.
The Union and journal. [volume] (Biddeford, Me.) 1858-1882, 1863-01-30
GEM eEMERAz IM EEaaIeGEMccE g1 a0li6 l1
Cen Butler at Home

Gen. Butler was received in Lowell on the
10Th BY o multitude of his friends and fellow
citizens. He made long speech to them,
in explanation and defence Of his admins
tration of affairs at New Orleans. In con-
clusion Benjamin touched upon emancipation
as follows
al desire single word on the question OF
emancipation. On that question, you know
have held certain opinions. Those opin-
ions haysreccived, in some degree, correction.
have views to offer which I think will COM
mend themselves to the judgement OF every
one Of you. Is there's man here who doubts
that some time or other, in the providence
of God, tho negro is to be irec-and that
some day the protection of tho laws will DO
extended over him, AID that he will become
free? No man doubts this; and oil desire to
guard against the evils that may arise from
that change. and which connot DO madc
without disorganiziug our political system.
II is my opinion that all this has been sent
upon the nation for some great object; and
it is my opinion that it will be easier at this
time to settle this question than to leave 1t
to be settled hereafter. Is It not evident to
every mind, that the day and the hour has
come when oil men, 80 far as this country is
concerned-and Il is the last refuge Of slave.
ry on the globo-shall DO in political rights
free and equal, as they were declared by the
Declaration Of independence? tApplause.)
Let no man be concerned about tho question
of social equality. They will be just 80 far
equal as God has made them equal, and no
moro and no less. Take care lest we be
found fighting against God. But lie has made
them free. God willed them FREQ. God will
have them free. And let His will DO done.
The Union and journal. [volume] (Biddeford, Me.) 1858-1882, 1863-01-30

A HUNDRED Tons OF GoLD.-During tho
past year there was received ut San Francisco,
forty-nine millions of dollar, in gold. This
amount of the precious metal would weigh
a hundred tons, and would make the freight
of train of fourteen cars on railroad.
A country which produces gold in such guam
titles only needs the adoption Of correct
financial and mercantile policy to have its
currency upon sure foundation, and in sui.
ficient quantity for oil useful purposes.
philadelphia paper.
The Union and journal. [volume] (Biddeford, Me.) 1858-1882, 1863-01-30
Miscellaneous Items.

ARrnuR,s HoME MAoAzrNK.-The February
number is received. The serial, "Out in the
World" by T. s. Arthur is continued. anc
Virginia F. Townsend does up zone Man,
Work." in tho very best style" Reading the
News, very fine steel plate engraving, en-
belishes the number.
For sale at the book -stores.
GopEY's LApY's BooK.-The February
number of this popular magazine Of fashions,
is published and for sale at the bookstores.
The Ncw.Year promises Of Cooley have been
religiously observed.
The ATLANTIC MoyrHLv.-Tho February
number is now ready for the public.
This magazine is to we'll known 10 need
any Communications from us-it is part and
parcel of American literature. For sale ut
oil bookstores.
VThe Supreme Judicial Court, which
commenced its January Term, for this coun'
ty, at Saco. tho FIRST Tuesday Of the present
month, adjourned last Tuesday. The Term
has been very successful one.
FRR.-Lasr Wednesday night about II
o'clock, o fro broke out in an old building
near the covered bridge, in this city. The
building was occupied rs ilsh market and
dye house. The flames were subducd. Loss
not large.
VAn exchange says that in skating up
on pond at Bloomfield, New Jersey, some
days since, a boy named Higgins foil through
the ice, remaining in the water out Of site
some fifteen minutes, when he was taken out
for dead. A village physician, however, ap.
piled a galvanic battery, and after six hours
Of labor, succeeded in restoring animation.
FIRE IN JErrERsoS.-A barn owned by
John Murphy in Jefferson, together with
nine head of cattle. three sheep. all his farm
ing tools and some twenty tons oil hay. Loss
about slOOO-insurcd 5000.
PorAoE SrAxrs.-It will DO remembered
that only until tho LIST Of FEBRUARY Is allowed
to dispose ofsoilod postage stamps at the post
Office at Portland and Augusta. None but
soiled stamps will be rcdeemcd-the clean ones
being still available for postage.
Accrpryr.-Mr. Harry Reynolds. Of Frye
burg. on opening door. knocked down q
charged gun that stood against II. In fail
ing Il went Of and the charge entered one OF
his legs, shattcring It 90 that amputation
became necessary
The Union and journal. [volume] (Biddeford, Me.) 1858-1882, 1863-01-30
Address of Gen. Burnside to the Amy.
HEADQUARTERS OF THE Army OF THE PoroxAc,


HEADQUARTERS OF THE Army OF THE PoroxAc,
Jan. Goth.
This morning Major Gen. Burnside turned
over the command Of tho army Of the Poto.
mac to Major Gen. Hooker, who came to the
headquarters Of the camp for that purpose
As soon as the change became known
throughout the army considerable humble,
of the superior officers called on Gen. Burn
side and took their parting leave Of him with
many regrets.
HEAD QUARTERS ARMY OF PoroMAc, }
Camp near Falmouth, Jan. &c, 1868.
General Orders, No. 0.
BY direction of the President Of the Uni.
ted States the Commanding General this day
transfers tho command of the army to Major
General Joseph Hooker.
The short time that he has directed you,
movements has not been fruitful Of victory,
nor in any considerable advancement Of our
line, but it has again demonstrated on
amount Of courage, patience and endurance
that under more favorable circumstances
would have accomplished great results. Con
tinuc to exercise these virtues; he true in your
devotion to your country and the principles
you have sworn to maintain, give to the brave
and skilliul general, who has long been iden
titled with your organization and who il
now to command you, your full and cordia
support and corporations, and you will do
serve success.
Your General is taking an afectionat'
leave Of the army, which he separates from
with 80 much regret, may be pardoned j
he bids an especial farewell to his long ant
tried associates of the 9th Corps. His prayer
IRE that God may be with you and gran,
continual success until the rebellion il
crushed.
BY command Of Major General BURNSIDE
LEWIS RICHMOND.
Acting Adjutant General.
The Union and journal. [volume] (Biddeford, Me.) 1858-1882, 1863-01-30

RoBBrYG A Posr.oFrIcE.-U. s. Marshal
Clark arrested at Lewiston on Friday young
man named Charles l.. Stephens, for robbing
tho boxes in the post-ofice in that town OF
number of letters. The young man was
brought to Portland and had an examination
before U. S. Commissioner VIM. Ii. Clifford,
Esq. He has recently returned from the 18th
regiment at New Orleans, and is but about
Is years of age Upon his examination he
plead guilty. and in default Of bail in tho
sum Of $500, was committed to Jail.