, 1863-09-29

Tepuhi1c1n 1OFu VI Roh ho4AHtSAst sAuo 1"H
Here aye duties of guaranty snd protection
irpot ed upon the United States, By which
their pcBi1fon II fixed Is the supreme poTer.
The re can be no such gua!aAty without the
implied right to examine and consider the
governments Of The several States; and there
csp he no euch protection without similar
rirht to exs1niue and consider the condition
Of the several sthtes: thus subjectinE them
10 the r}ghtfal supervision md superintend-
eyre of the ratio5al Government.
THIS, whether We regard the large powers
vested in Congress, the powers denied TO the
States absolutely, the powers denied to the
those other provisions which accord supre.
macy to The United States, We shall flad tho
p5etersion Of State sovereignty without
Foundation, except In the Imagination OF tts
partisans. Before the Constitution such soy
ereignty may have existed; it was declared
In The articles Of confederation; but since
then it has ceased to exist. 1t has disappear
tiona1 Government, so that 1t can no longer
be recognized. Perverse men, insisting that
it still existed, and weak men, mistaktug the
shadow Of former power for the reality,
hare made arrogant claims In Its behalf.
When ths Constitution Tas proclaimed. and
It as President, our career as q nation began,
With oil The unity Of nation. The States re-.
maiued as living parts of the body, Important
to the national strength, and essential to
those currents which maintain national life,
but plsinly subordinate to the United States,
one and lndiylsltle.
MIscu1EFs IN TIE NAME OF6TATE RIGHTS.
But the new government had hardly been
inaugurated before It was disturbed by tho
peBt1ient preteDtion oi State rights, which,
indeed, LAS never ceased to disturb 1t since.
Discomfort with the treaty between the
United States end Great britain, nego.
tisted By that. pnrest patriot. John
5 insion. 'l'i IN iSs4. aroused N virginia,
eyln at that carly day, 10 commence an oppo.
sition 10 lis ratification, In the name OF State
Rights. Shortly afterwards appeared the
famous resolutions Of Virginia and those Of
Kentucky, usually known as the "Resp1u-
tons Of os," declaring that the National
Government was founded on compact Be-
tween the States, aud claiming for the States
the right to sit il Judgment On the National
Government, and to intepose, II they thought
it; all this, as you will see, ID the name of
State Rights. This pretersiou on tho part Of
the States increased, till, at last, on the mild
ton Of slayt1y as condition to the admission
Of Missouri into the Union as new State,
the opposition ragged furfouEly, even to the
extent Of meuactpg the existence of the
onaon; 9no Lh1ss 100 was done 10 the name
81 o,aee , ASne. u ysNas 1ates, tne pseien'
insisting that our Government WAC only q
compact Of States, any one OF which was free
ngsaI,.a ~ ann Ia ~ .9is u. ~ str.a unn
t! uuo ss.a ~ t.G ~ - tue naae VI et.te
A. fhe n1cssntst;nn ~ Ge,iti',as as.us,
ai.v. p EIa,;sinns t,r M. roun "nn,,,. .'ass ~
Ms'ti9 IL r.. a,,a,+,a ~ ~ t.,s3 "
mot rro7iEo, "a. the admission Of California
10 aee osatxat e 3cra " o41Susslon o. iAe com.
p!oln4ses u Ao1@1t tht hans2s 4uet!ol-iHe
ul!en n, We MtDaee1: ~ ana alHays III 1ee name
o1 6tate hsLts. ihe menace was eene!aht,
and It sometimes showed iteeli On small as
wen as gfeat ceSasicEe, nnt always IN tae
rosca tMn trement was ABOUT to te chosen
fHElaeht, Ine menace became louder, and
mmgiipg Win II Was the Acafae Mntter OF
war; an9 az tifs anuael1y Was IN the name
Of state Kighfa..
But u 14e a4tam9 ol Isoo, on tha elec'
mncn worse; scarcelg was me result
OF this election known by telegraph be-
lore the country Was startled bS other Intel
ngetce. TO t1e eject that certain states
nt the south we're about 70 put IN execution
the long pending threat OF secession, ofcourse
caIoltrs. which, By an ordinance adopted 10
state convention, undertook 70 repeal the
Original act BY which the Constitution was
adopted IN this State, and TO declare that the
state had eeased 70 ne one Of me states OF
fhe On1cn- AZ inc same tlme Oee!arnnon
which proceeded to orgaSize 1tseltas an inde-
pendent ton MUMMY. Ihls example was tol.
Lived successfTe1T by other States, which, .by
formal acts Of secession, undertook to dis
eolye their relations With the Union. alFnys,
be It understood, ln the name Of State Rights.
CONCENTRATION 4nfmfH fh0Gp
States, with new Constitution, and Jefferson
Davi: at Ills head and the same oath5 Of 10y:
atty By which the local functional1es OF al
thtse States had been bound to the Union
were EoW transferred to this new Contedera'
tIonEoi course, n @ utter violation Of The Cor
the name Of State Rights. The o1din,nces q
secession were next maintained by war, which
beginning With tbs assault upon Fort Sum.er
| coIyn1etd the whole country, It'll, at 1ast, oil
tie States ef the new Confederation, nrc II
open rebellion, which the Government Of the
| 1uastc1irg It's forces, ard taxing Its people tc
suppress. The original claim, in the name O.
State Rights, has swollen to all the proper
| tlons Of an unparalleled war, which, In ths
name Of State Rights, now MenAces the na
tioLn1 life
Rights arc not I'll told. While the ordinances
| Of accession were maturing, ard before the1
we're Jet contaminated, Mr. Buchanan, Ehe
Hns 1hen 1feslcebt, oeenned 70 iatef1e1e, ot
lhe ground tGat Rhat oad nsea gong Nasaont
oy eta1es, ara IuAt II Nas!coHt.ady 10 ~ ta5 !,
95y o. eur gefetnment 10 coeiee e.e 9sa:h Hits,.
anah man ann ~ 1hov,f1 ~ ag hi:
anuf p1s.itcnt * inter,td 1G n"omniiv ~ ,ou
ai11 u annro, h. gamh.ea XII XII ho1a dnd =
y ott e Go9egu t1t san as wn2ae ln
nnt fare9er e sra .w pI,e shen oGen mIped1
tra+ Tn,,s,ss. aba1f 49,, ~
| fhese s,stcs phIch re ahs9iuteir 1sithnnt ~
'nSes nnra1nrrsnta .a ora aD"J @at hv %hs nh,ac
ion founded On Sats Riahts. The M sane lis
anr histotT has % sansea % n I1s ,nr cari :;;
ma.es ;tsnif hsard hnt .1a.i tn = - no,r - -
tha 1,,a ~ 49, f,.ands' ~ a4n.ta 20 IN" in"t T.
n1crnrt,on az - nrarafis ws1I u ie H., xiii
10 tttsb1ish @ the e Constitntion M - aSsin "a nj tbnonph
ont The rebei States. sue Riehts are m.dl1
t,;nm n4ant e isrst IN the;+ name rahs5 nah nn:
e,n,nanta ,an ~ '' 10 ~ nrtlan;vad ~; ,Eon
snaia, ~ t,,S;s nos,o T.aes,n a1n +r,.4a.., .ns,
ngetrt =, a;sn1.na tna t5hai I55.,s,,tt
nns 1snte ~ ras!!tad ~ +teu d., 10 ~,
nr. crst to .a,,a. tha 5c4sta. f.c,, ~ ~,
aa 1 th - ara,[nn+ ~ 3ha Hn;a1 % ~, ~
crtrrd;ne its n noEer ~ % nTer them Stste % Riabt It
tnn a. i1te . +hpnn aa +'n ;nohec;,itr au ~ Wr
13on, ~ VIZ totoust r. ~ tuuIeniSJ " II J.
baeeaaan % lnat ns s.a;ss Nv, wese ~ mE"ea th"s :
use tHe E~oia: uT tol91 1na ans Ivy tha
~ sHH E4A.41 As s.h t' - JG3si s9s' "A@1'"
oe al1o"eo ~ use LIE oucAAcf! ..-.-.....
SHALL CONGRESS ASSUME JURISDICTION o.
TIE REBEL STATES?
AID 1or, iuthis discussion, re are brough
TO the practical question which is desti1e,
10 occupy 50 much cf public attention. l
is rropofed to bring, The nction of ConzEce
! to bear directly upon the rebel States. Thl
may be BY the establishment Of proyisiona
| rorernmentB nnfler the authority Of Con
g1ess. or etuply by making the admission O
Tec, rnifion Of the IS ates dcnend upon th
actinn Of Ccnpregs. Tho esaential feature 0
this pIopofltion ia, that Congress shah as
sumc iu1jsdiciion Of the rebel States. A bill
au;hoijzipg provisional governments in thes
States was iltreduce Tito the Senate bY ill