The Nashville daily union. [volume] (Nashville, Tenn.) 1862-1866, 1863-03-20
Pennsylvania and Virginia Compared
by HON. ROBERT ]. WALKER.

BY HON. ROBERT J. WALKER.
-
Virginia was a considerable colony
when Pennsylvania was occupied only
by Indian tribes. In 1880, Virginia was
first in rank of all the States, her num-
Der of inhabitants being 74S, 309. (Cen-
sus Rep. 12012l.) Pennsylvania then
ranked the second, numbering 434 373
persons. Qb.) In 1860 the population
Of Virginia was 1,506,319, ranking the
fifth; Pennsylvania still remaining the
second, aud numbering 2,905,115. Obs
In 100 the population of Virginia ex.
ceeded that of Pennsylvania 313, ,025 in
1860 the excess in favor of Pennsylvania
was !, ,308,797. The ratio Of increase of
population of Virginia from 1870 TO 1860
was 1882 per cent, and of Pennsylva-
MIA in the same period, 569.C3. AT the
same relative ratio of increase for the
next seventy years, Virginia would con-
tain population of 3, 3,405, 265 in 1880;
and Pennsylvania 19443,834 exceeding
that of England. Such has been aud
would continue to be the effect of sla-
very in retsrding the progress of Vir-
ginis, and such the influence of freedom
in the rapid advance of Pennsylvania.
Indeed, with the maintenance and per-
petuity of the Union in all its integrity,
the destiny of Pennsylvania will surpass
the most sanguine expectations.
The population Of Virginia per square
mile in 1890 was 2.19, and in 1860 1902;
whilst that of Pennsylvania in 1890 was
944, and in 1860, 63.lS. Qb) The alb
soluie increase of the population of Vir-
ginia per square mile, from 1890 TO 1860,
was 1888, and from 1850 to 1860, 2.S5;
whilst that Of Pennsylvania from 1890
TO 1860, was 1914, and from 1850 to 1860,
1898. Qb)
AREA.-The area of Virginia is 61,-
352 square miles, and of Pennsylvania,
$4,000, the difference being 8 352 square
miles, which is greater, by 759 square
miles, than the aggregate area of Massa-
chusetts, Connecticut, and Delaware, con-
tanning in lS60a population of 1903
429 Qb) Retaining their respective
ratios OF increase per square mile from
lI9O to 1850, and reversing their areas,
| that Of Virginia in 1860 would have been
| 1,l96,920, and of Pennsylvania :, ,S76, 1I9.
| Reversing the numbers of each State in
1870, the ratio of increase in each re-
naming the same, the population Of
Pennsylvania in 1860 would have been
6,4O8, ,424, and that of Virginia, 926,603.
Reversing both the areas and numbers in
1880, and the population of Pennsylvania
weuld have exceeded that of Virginia
in 1860 more than six millions
SHORE LINE,-By the tables of the
Coast Survey, the shore line of Virginia
is l,57l miles, and of Pennsylvania only
90 miles. This vastly superior coast
line of Virginia, with better, deeper,
more capaciOus, and much more nun- er.
Gus harbors, unobstructed by ice, and
with easy access for so many hundred
miles by navigable bays and tide-wa-
ter rivers leading so far into the interior,
give to Virginia great advantages over
! PeAnsylyania in commerce and every
branch of industry. Indeed, in this re-
spect, Virginia stands unrivaed in the
Union. The hydraulic power of Vir-
ginia greatly exceeds that of Pennsyl-
vania.
MINEs.--Pennsylvania exeels every
other State in mineral wealth, but Vir-
| ginia comes next.
SoIL.--ln natural fertility of soil, the
two States are about equal but the sea
sons In Virginia are more favorable, both
for crops and stock, than in Pennsylyania.
Virginia has eli the agricultural products
of Pennsylvania, with cotton in addition.
The area, however, of Virginia, CSC, $685.
29O acres) being greater by 1926, ,2SO
acres than that Of Pennsylvania co.
10000 acres), gives TO Virginia vast ad
vantages.
In her greater area, her far superior
coast line, harbors, rivers, and hydraulic
power, her longer and better seasons for
crops and stock, and greater variety OF
products, Virginia has vast natural adj
vantages, and with nearly double the
population OF Pennsylvania in 1890
And yet, where has slavery placed Vir.
ginia Pennsylvania exceeds her now ia
numbers 1,30S,797, and increased in pop.
ulation from 1880 20 1860, in a ratio more
than five TO one. Such is the terribl,
contrast between free and slave insiitu.
tions!
PRoGREss OF WEALTH.-By Census
Tables (l960) 33 and 36, Il appears
(Omitting commerce) that the products o
industry, rs given, viz, Of agriculture
manufactures, mines, and fisheries, wer,
that year in Pennsylvania, Of the value O
S309,600, 900, or S137 per capita and il
Virginia, S1200OO0OO or S75 per capita
This shows a total value Of product il
Pennsylvania much more than than thre,
times that Of Virginia, and, per capita
nearly two TO ona That 10 the averag,
value Of the product Of the labor of eacl
person in Pennsylvania, is nearly doubl
that Of each person, including slaves, il
Virginia. Thus is proved the vast su
periority Of free over slave labor, and tn,
immense loss occasioned by the substitu
tion Of the latter for the former
As 10 the rate Of increase; the value o
the products Of Virginia In 1850 wa
Ss4, ,480, 429, (Table 80 and in Pennsyl
vania, 1929, 1861 13l, showing an increas
in Virginia, from 1850 TO 1860 Of S35
5l9572, being Al per cent and in Penn
sylyania, Sl69, ,032,8 500, being 90 pc
cent; exhibiting diff renee Of o pc
cent. 10 favor OF Pennsylvania By Ia
] Census Table Of 1850, No 30 p 1875, th
! true value then Of the real and persona
, property was, ia Pennsylvania, Sl,4l6,
sol, ,5l8, and Of Virginia, S7932i9,63l
Now, we have seen, the value Of the pro
ducts in Pennsylvania In 1860, wa
. [ =.