The New York herald., 1863-12-19

operation, by letting out the steam which has done
work That machine SIMPLY fuli stroke or non-ex-
made by such engine all toe isble power 10 DO got
10 the equivalent OF Ton lated foot high for
cubic ncb OF water evaporstsd-no more and 90 less.
rhat ~ law nhcrept In matter. Il " the God given
quality Of water and heat We cannot alter H. al
do 10 obey g. That you get out OF steam engine
without catoH But lot us 80 little nrther with our
experiment 10 place OF opening the exhaust valve when
the ton ~ lifted foot high, take one brick oil that
platform. Pho oad now GOT quite heavy as Il was
beine, aud the elastic steam compressed by that
weight rlli expand little under the dmin shcd load,
and w raiso tho bricks little further II gives you out
little more power. Then knock another BRICK or and
keep knocking them OF, one ny one, and up goes the
piston, stli carrying up those brchs which are eft
unth, when you have knocked them oil of except
last Bfteen pognds VI bricks they will been raised
about oae Thousand seven hundred inches hyn and 4
YOU srli orher dmn sh that fifteen pounds by knock
INK other bricks OF, The steam viii keep lifting the
ma,ndef higher and higher, and We 10 not know how
gentemen thai all tho power which has come out
| OF that steam after | began knock the bricks
on - pt~er which w. 30 TO speak clear profit since
cost no fuel stsam except TINT which had already
raised tho ton weight foot high, and which unable
to rase any higher unless by this dimnut'on OF re-
sistance. James Watt discovered this priucipea Of
steam--and maasured ts value remarkably we'll and ne
aso invented the Rest form OF cutoff FOR carrying
this principle which has made except that called
the Sexes erton, Notwithstanding the hundreds or
forms Of on,olls which nave been invented aud patented
since That form is now usc the Cornish engines
and whenever IN England TO day they wish to give an
example OF the great eacacy or steam the Cornish engine
Or James Wat-Uhch depends entirely npon this cutoff
Tor s vaiue-s ched AZ The most striking Illustration.
But you would wish to know how this principle Of di
minishng the iosd resistance as the OF he
bricks knocked on the platform can be applied to
ehnery IN general and will explain that. IL ~ done bv
the Did OF the momentum of the matter which the
is movngt may be fy wheel or the steamboat itself,
a. the train Of all dY which, when set in
ton will no. suddenly stop even though all power were
suddenly suspended from driving them, and which,
there ore. will continue to under the diminished
pressure OF the EXPANDED steam Thus that when
the steam IL cut of from the cylinder that which IL In
II continues TO push on the piston with diminished
force but sti with force and the piston
rha
gives out again to useful effects whatever pressure IL
hns spent upon IL Just as your watch viii all day
although the spring which drives IL grows weaker and
weaker at each instant as IL Is relaxed
The gain which be- obtained from this expansion Is
measured by the extent To which carry IT, other
words bow short yon CUT on the steam In tho cylinder
and the amount OF saving OF fuel increased power due
to the different rates Of expansion the different points
Of cutoff has been ascertlned with mathematical pre-
cision by Mariote and Regnault, and the law rule
which governs this rate is called the "hariotte law
VIII give you few figures settled by that law and then
pass to more general considerations. As have sald.
cubic inch OF water made into steam without expansion
will lie ton foot high, whatever equivalent to
that II that same cubic inch. after having done that
work, is expanded into three cubic ncne- II will bv that
expansion ift another ton foot high without calling on
the any fuel IL it is expsndednve tunes
1t will lift enc ton and six tenths foot high in addition TO
It's original t OF ton aud ten will do three
times ana third as much work expansion, using
the came amount of 6re and steam
Now these well settled facts in the worldss the
rate OF speed OF falling bodyand not disputed any
where except by enlightened Secretary OF the Navy
and bis enlightened engineer in chief The navies OF the
like and steamers go fast and produce great
they usew,eam espansvey Mr. FORBES steamer Fob Kien
OF which was The constructing engineer. and which we
times and she went nearly sesn thousand miles in ,,y
one days and half using about twenty seven tons oS
coal day, and carrying fn load Of machinery In the
hold; and she is two horsand ship-much larger
than those vessels 10 the navy building built
which couldn't 60 that far In seventy days with
twice the total coal she nsed And Mr. Roberts steamer
America, OF two thousand TONS proved you
when loaded with coal for voyage TO the Pacific,
ragea at nearly twelve knots hour ran thr-
teen measured miles 10 ATTY minutes with amount
Of coal which sherwood swore here could not possibly
20 nine knots an hour on his theory aud
which hardly keep his twelve hundred ton soops
owar ons OF their own way. And 80 certain is all ths
that when the defendants put Mr. Reeder Of BALTIMORE
the stsud no compeie u admit the truih
(because be is building Isherwoods engine the gov
ernment. and ears the vengeance Of the Navy Depart
Of the United States ships building their small cyin
ds sna an o, go pp' arg.
os O c hs WIN ,1 OF s r.. triple IT, a
H0 sad:-
Yes, II IL certainly true.
And t is true; and to deny 1t exhibits ignorance
a wickedness beyond my imagination 10 conceive.
so much, gentlemen, for that part OF the will
pow show you that there we're facts connected with this
alteration Of Tho Coumbatbe steamboat TO which the
cutoff in this applied and for the saving fuel
produced thereby this suit is broughtwhch render u
this too entirely independent o the OF cxpan-
svey-a saving about which they have called witness
on the standths Mr.. CharIc- teeder. Of Batmorefor
the purpose o. reducing IL TO ten per OF the fuel
burned and that advantage resulted from the fact that
the Siekels cutoff valve close up 10 the cylinder
while the old cuton remote from the CYLINDER with
large vacant space. called Clearance - 20 be d ed with
steam and lost at each stroke Now gentlemen. nis al
vantage. you viii observe ~ entirely beyond that which
results from working steam cxpansivey. viii give y0n
illustration familiar to you all, by which you viii
that advantage II yon have barrel ~ sugar tn sell
which weighs hundred pounds, and you sell IL out IN
single pounds, you will get hundred pound parcels
precisely out OF that barrel. you have roll Of cloth
on your counter, measuring a hundred yards, and you
ssll u ou IN yards will not sell one hundred yards
OF cloth out Of IT, And Why simply because with each
pound Of you weigh oeach yard or cloth you
you give good weight msasnre, and each time sol
little over aud the total of these little excessas
will always use up a considerable amount IN |
the barrel OF sugar the roll of CLOTH Therefore
peeons who sell Al retail have 20 add TO the price to
make up for the loss. That IN exactly the Of tho
steam engine The piston travels ten feet cylinder
but II does not travel 20 as to all ~ the entire space
which the steam occupies There rs stu beyond tnat ten
feet space that when you take steam out of the
boiler at every stroke VI the engine take out more
than the ten feet 10 oil the clearance" There an
excess which you measure out at every stroke aud that
dmnshes the original supply IN proportion TO the
amount OF csasancs Just ss you lose cloth or sugar
In proportion TO the amount clerk the yard
stick how much he throws into the scale
than needed 20 balance the weight That clearance an
absolute and liked quantity IN given engine and how
much will cost entirely calculsble ard be
tanned by measurement exactly and that absolute guam
uty is entirely independent OF whether you
expansvey or not. although II becomes q larger per
centsgs Of loss when running with than without expan
sion.
Now gentlemen, before came here Mr.. isherwooc had
nat item clean out of this and had
said u was "inanitessimaliy sma''ss eighteen 10
nrnty." Hut II not 70 do that IN order
" show that there practical benefit 10 ex
pan-i because there is connection between these
two ttngs at all whatever. The loss by clearance
E loss that occurs IN steam engine whether you work
" with or without expansion and you just he
well upon one engine upon another. You can shorten
the excess measured by the yardck the excess ~
sugar that weighs down the scale and that say ~ M
dependent Of the quality ~ the sugar of the cloth THIS
man therefore was under necessity to ~ hs
dd. What, then, did he wanr Why did be here
lie came here dies the rights OF these parties r
tbs purpose OF swearing for the verdict jury OF his
coun,rymen, and the judgment Of an Intelligent court.
which would tend " prove that the navy engines
built properly. That IL what he here for--to
tempt % prove that the iaws of Wat and Msrtote aud
81 all The great men who have preceded his
march OF ciylstIn. are mere fallacis that the
gnecripg " the word entirely ~rOns that this dis
cOvsry. mafe within the last year two, Isberwod
says, by himself wss entirely right And II he could get
that judgment FROM this lury tie newspapers ~ the
country would be ned With Telegram after Telegram and