New-York daily tribune. [volume] (New-York [N.Y.]) 1842-1866, 1863-03-11
FROM EUROPE.

Arrival Of tho Arabia's Mails-Lerd n0Sssll
On Poiand-Progrcss Of the Anti-slavcHy
Movement In England-McetfrEs In
England, Scotland mud Wsses--Leater Of
r. Powell Baxtsn.
Tho mails Of the Arabia, with two days later
foreign files, arrived here yesterday morning. We
give from foreign Giles some additional inteli.
gencs on tho Polish question and the progress Of the
Anti Slavery movement in England.
LORD RUSSELL ON POLAND.
In the House Of Lords, on Feb. 90 Lord Russell,
n reply TO a question Of Lord Peterborough, spoke
es follows On the Polish question:
with regard TO the present outbreak, must aay
1 do not think 1t was 80 sudden and 60 unexpected
an event a. the NOBLE earl seems TO suppose-at least
to those who in the habit of receiving accounts
Of what going on in Poland Your lordsbips
will recoltst that last year there were In Warsaw
great demonstrations, the churches being filled at
| times with men and women singing pstrioic hymns;
tbe.e demonstrations, however, being unaccom-
pan ed by any breach OF the peace. Bat 1t was
impossible that they could have continued for long
time. They must either lave produced, on the part
| OF the Hcyemment and tho Emperor OF Russia, an
inclination 10 sccede to tho wishes Of the Poles at
Warsaw, or they must have led TO violent measures
from those who took pat in these demonstrations.
Now, ia considering the affairs Of Poland, We may
divide the population Of the country into three diff
fersnt classes.
One portion, consisting Of the landed sristocracy,
the great owners OF the coil, many Of them enlght-
en-d men, engaged ia the cultivation and improve.
mept of their estates and in improving the condition
Of the people living on those estatea. were but little
disposed TO favor any ACT Of revolution. Another
norton of the people Of Poland consists of the mid
die classes in the towns both those belonging to the
upper part Of tho middle classes and the ehopkeepers
and others who belong 10 the lower part Of tho mid
die classes The other portion Of The population OF
Poland consists Of The peasantry. When the demon
STATIONS to which have alluded ceased, there was
great difference IN the taken by these differ
ent classes Of the population The great landowners
| were determined, II possible, TO bring their grew
ance. TO the foot of the throne but they were deter
mined at the same time not TO break out into any act
mont Of their objects. Those jecta were accord.
ipg 10 my information the night of constitutional
Government the right to have representatives, and
| TO have a Polish Administration, or an enlightened
Administration, consisting chiefly Of Poles fsvors-
BILE tho religion OF their country and to the study
| Of the anguage Of their country.
| With regard 10 the last Of these objects they
were in agreement with the Intentions Of the En-
peror Heretofore in the history OF Poland II has
been ,ho object Of the Russian Government 10 root
out the Language Of the country and TO deter the
Poles from the exercise OF the Roman Catholic 70.
ligon. The present Emperor, on the contrary, was
UNDERWOOD 10 favor tho national development OF
Poland, and bis wishes and views with regard TO
the Government OF IOland were uescroeu AZ 10
great extent most nlghtened. These pertons then,
belonging to tho landed aristocracy OF Poland met
together and in conformity, as they believed, with
the wishes Of the Emperor and OF the Grand Duke
Constantine, they prepared an address In which
thsy in the rs place, stated their wish that Poland
should be enlarged by the addition Of certain provin-
ees now under Russian rule, which, since the fret
partition in l77 had been separated altogether from
Poland and ia The second place, they asked for con-
stitutOnAl Government.
Raj mi
from tbose entertained by Alexander l. Of Russia,
and were not Inconsistent with the general pro-
visions Of the treaty Of Vienna, in framing which
the Emperor took 30 large part and over which
! be exercised 90 considerable an influence. When,
however this address, signed by moro than geo Of
the chief landed proprie'ors in Poland, present
ed, the persons who 20 presented 1t were told that
they had committed a grave offeuse against the
stale aud Count Zamoy Xxi, who had been the me.
dun Of i,s presentation was told that he had taken
n s,ep which was Inconsistent with the law ana
with the policy Of the Emperor, and that II was re-
qs,e for the internal peace OF Poland that be should
quit the country. Accordingly he Quilted Russia
and came 70 England. While here lie was Informed
tina, his wife, whom be left behind him. was n, the
Ioint Of DEATH Upon this he applied Tor permission
10 visit his dying wife, but owing, am bound to
raw TO some mistake, the Geographic despatch sent
never reached him. aud he received 10 answer TO his
applicaion.
IL had always been attempted, Oh the part OF the
aris,ocracy OF Poland, 10 obtain representative Con-
ituion and 10 establish liberal Government
which would be entirely consistent with loyalty
toxnrd the Emperor Of knfsia; but In this instance
the attempt came 10 an end in the manner have de-
sc,ibed. now come TO the second portion OF the
Poiish population, consisting OF the middle classes
They were in despair at finding that no Improve
ment in tho administration Of the country resulted
from the efforts of th0se who were sent TO improve
n. and they therefore formed themselvek IN War
raw especially, into secret societies, among whose
members were persons entertaining the most ex-
trrne views on social and political questions par
taking TO some extent, believe, Of the opinions
held BY NJ. Mazzini. My lords, it was open TO the
Russian Government, Of course, to have used their
utmost lance in REFRESHING these secret societies,
giving to tho members Of them fair trial and. II
necessary, a severe punishment; but at the same
time the Emperor might have continued and en-
laved his plans for the improvement Of his admin.
is,rstion in Poland aud might thus have shown
that under the Russian Government happiness was
still within tho reach Of The Polish people.
| Unfortunately this WAS not tho couree taken by
tba Goyerpment Of Russia aud the Emperor under
the sdvicethis ut least 10 tho general beliet-of
| very distinguished Pole, Count Wielopolski, who
had been placed under the Grand Duke VI Warsaw,
csmo to y different conclusion. Certain it is that
tho measure Of consumption which was carried
through by the Government Of Poland WAS Of the
most severe character, and such as TO excite tho un
happy population TO despair. consumption is Of
itself measure OF great severity upon the popula
ton. IL condemns man who hss no wish u en-
bark In q military profession to banisment from
home and to all tho prlvations Of military s if the
10, should fail upon him. Seeing that the measure
self il Of such severity, the Sovereigns of tho
countries where 1t Ia IN force have introduced such
notifications vi tho law make IL tolsrable 10 tho
population, and modify It's severity beyond what the
necessity Of tho case may require. AID the Russian
Government itseif by the laws of 1859, had intro
ducsd y system by which it was provided that so
many should be chosen out of every 100, or out of
every 1000, such choice being made justly and ialy,
and substitutes allowed for those who had fair