, 1863-01-06

the other hand, had the r31lfoad comIHuuacA-
tion been nte4Rted Hna the1 y sne iii
such monopolics Of the means Of transit, or
at least to mitigate their evils, Is, By the en-
couragcmeut Of new, enterprises, so tnak ~
competition We may be nhle to s1ccessfauy
Kinds, But in thee al1 these matters, Il
left to the Inevitable 1aws fttrade and COM:
rercc, Of supply and demand, will most Ger.
tainly regulate themselves. =. ~. Z.
- !. OPENING OF TIE MISSISSIPPI =.
:: Notwithstanding, however, that the rail-
roads have, to some extent, served rs a SUD
to the great Northwest, in this respect, is IN
calculable. Ten millions Of our people ean' ase
deeply interested in the navigation OF re as3 Ms
siss1ppi The price Of every artact1 T nneaonnnca
ern produce has been reducSsa Sa,r II Whaot corn
eatt1o and hnos arc tazcd with such rates for |
cuar1and trs5sportatIon as materially to re- /
9',ca.4i,e prfccs at home Once remove the !
3Ge HHississippi Into int competition VIE
sthen, and every article Of Western produce !
would probably command twice the price 1t
now brings !
From The commencement Of the war, I have
strictly Kept in view and on all proper occa-
sions earnestly recommended the policy Of |
West unobstructed. I submit, herewith, a !
copy Of the correspondence between the Gov |
crr0rs Of Ohio, Indiana and Illinois, with Gen. |
Scott, upon this subject. In this correspond
ence the Governors Recommended the fmme |
diate occupation OF the Ohio aud Mississippi
rivers by Federal troops, at Cairo, Memphis !
and every impo rtantpoint, with the paramount |
idea Of keeping tlat river open to the two hun
dred millions Of dollars Of our commerce, Us q
means Of transportation Of our munitions Of
war, enabling our armies to deal destructive
also, as means of Strengthening our OWN po-
sitions aua5giying aid and protection to the
Union Sentiment Of the slave States border
ing upoMfhem,, by having present sufficient
atfs % aud her tps
There can be no doubt, thnt IN the multi
| tude Of enterprises demanding the attention
/ and efforts of the administration. 1t has too
| long delayed this. It Is q source Of mortihea.
| should have remained SO long obstructed,
| when every man Of us at the vest, has felt,
| western valor Is appealed to and brought to
| It is not Only an immense loss to the whole
Northwest, but directly touches the pride OF
| her Loyal people.
ministration will boldly and effectuaIly press
forward the enterprise At the same time,
| and the people, should 60 up united ex-
preston, demanding that, Throughout It's en-
tire length, the Mississippi shall remain un-
obstructed to our commerce, our gunboats,
our troops, und our munitions Of war.
MASCpAcTuREs.
Notwithstanding that our State has not
more than entered upon the first division Of
which civilization naturally divides itself,
namely, agriculture, still some considerable
advances have been made in manufactures.
Many ccnters, destined in the future to be-
come great cmporiums Of industry snd art,
have been established The crude elements OF
profusion all through our State. Al that ia
needed is the plastic hand of skilled labor to
faahion them into articles Of use and luxury.
Our coal mines are more extensive aud richer
than those Of any other State, or even nation,
in the world. Tie geological surrey Of the
State discloses the fact that the yalue Of the
coal bed underlying the county OF Perry alone,
at the low price Of one dollar and fifty cents
per ton, amounts to three billions and two
hundred and hftg.nine millions Of dollars.
Our lead mines are inextaustible. We also,
possess beds of iron. ore and other mlnera!
treasures, as yet, but partially developed, and
which only await the combined industry, skill
rand capital Of Civilized man to make them
useful to society: Illinois is, thus, not
merely agricultural State. On the contrary
} il possesses more than is common to othel
statcs, of those elements which 60 towards
building up agriculture, manufactures anG
commerce, in such O beautiful and perfect
feet proportion Of parts, that one necessarily
: rests upon and sustains the other, and all com
. hine to present q picture Of the only true ely
J ilixatlon-that in which employment exist
, for every individual, according to his ability
: and the bent of his genius. III truth, Illinois
; more than any other State, presents all tn
clements Of national greatness. Massach1
setts is famous for manufactures, New iori
! for commerce, Pennsylvania for coal, Qhit
} for hogs, Missouri and Indiana tor corn, Wiz
5 eipia for wheat. But Illinois is lannon's for al
>. Combined She rivals New York IN her com
mercc, Pennsylvania in her coal, Ohio in Lee
!, hogs, Missouri and Indiana in their corn, ant
Virginia In her. wheat crop, and It only rest
? manufactures, for NC have the elements 9
; them In bound1ess profusion. As merel
: agricultural State we shall always remain j
{ IN infantile and undcvcloped condition. A
a merely manufacturing State, without agri
t which to SUSTAIN life. While without CON
= merce,-means Of communication, railroads
3 etc, VIC could never unite both agricultur
4 and manufactures IN the cind1sso1uble bonds 9
g unity, that at the same time admits Of a
y indefinite variety.
r We should encourage manufactures and til
9 niechanJe arts BY every possible means no
y absolutely Injurious to other interests. /
= tho end such encouragement brings Its rewar
l. with it. By SO doing ne create home maj
u ket for our agricultural products, vary thos
e products in. IA almost indefinite degree, an
&c thus create: new fields Of labor and open d.
:. additional channels Of trade and commerce
u 1t has often been well said that he who make
:. two blades of grass to grow where but on
$, grew before, is o bcnef1etor to the huma
n face: How much more, he who creates re!
means of employ ment for hundreds and thor
. sands Of his fellow meny
2 In 1861 in thc, city Of Chicago, single Poin
y OF: manufacturing. enterprise In the STATE
it s0,637, eco we're invested ii the Buildings an
y machinery Of the various branches Of mt
10 chanical+ and manufacturing industry.
= these: estabn articles to the value {
l. 81, ,000, COO 00<S5Were. Produced: while II OK
l These figures will doubtless be increased
u rather tfan diminished, by the returns of Il
or past year The census Of 1850 gives the cap
Al tai invested in real and personal estate in tt
N manufactures OF this state at x27, 100 600; Il
IN value of raw material Of such manufacture
product, at s56, $50 900 The number Of esta1
of 1isbmcnts is 4,100; the number of perso1
H. employed, "a, $40. In productions Of man
ID facture, Illinois is already the seventh State
mr. the Union.
% THE GEOLOGICAL SURVEY.
cr :Atthe close Of the last session Of the A
he scmbly q bill was passed appropriatipg OF
o. thousand dollars for the benefit of the Sta
Library, with an amendment, abolish1ng Il
Geological Surrey. considered it my dut
~ 10 FIluHulu uy ApploFtu OF lnla nlL, On q
nf at count Of the amendment, and trust to 20,
~ = wisdom for q reconsideration. The speci
~ ~ reasons for my action In this matter will
ea at stated in separate veto message And Ivis
et low, merely to call our attention to the il
4 portance Of such thorough scientific Ut
~ ~ practical survey Of the State, as shall exhib
~ ~ the full extent Of our natural resources, o.
Hs coal lands, our lead and iron mines, our bull
~ ~ ing materials, marbles and limestones, o'
h he salt and mincral springs, and to the adva
" md Of calling the attention Of enterprisir
~ ~ men to the explo :atlon Of our wealth. The
aa explorations would show to the world that '
u u have not only broad acres Of fertile land, fac
as, ties Of commerce, and the elements Of man
u tacture, but that nc, also, strive to deye1e
~ ~ our resources to the best advantage, with {
Us their extent and vafne. Our State Is, gcners
e, ly, supposed to be merely grain growing, N
~. dependent, for all time to come, upon 9th
: II States for the manufactured articles which
he consEmes. THIS opinion WAS forcibIy broug
ltSSf to my notice some time ago, while traveli1
-. ~ in the cars, with the Governors Of Penns,
he he yania and Ohio, through the former State. {
eesag largs S.s seai 1 t5a tain % GHy GqEtin
yauia. In Illinois / suppose, you count 70
,ed wealth by the bushels of wheat and corn, ~
,th you In Ohio BY the weight of your pork
he ''Yes," replied, stbut the day viii so,
In cone when We, In Illinois, will; besides o
rs. golden harvests Of grain, raise as much po
,ut as Ohio, and tnfn out Us much coal as Pen
the sylynnla. " bile your coal IS high up In n
lille ged mountains, scarcely accessible to the ir
By horse, and remote from the centers Of man
,al factuze ours is easily accessible, close to "a
1es ways and nayicable rivers, In the midst of
Tan :t1icts Of SURPRISING fertility So
sill e Illinois, In the year 1850, was the fon1