The Cadiz Democratic sentinel. [volume] (Cadiz, Ohio) 1854-1864, 1863-01-07

ueseTfo severe puDlsnmeniI YET, sven IN ibis
case, 90 sceount Of the number Of the delin-
quents, he holds that clemsncy becomes a
duty in the sovereign. Shall be depop1late
a'city OF desolate province N order to pun
ish her rebelion7 Any punishment, hOwev-
er just 10 ITSELF which embraces too great
number OF persons, becomes an act OF down.
right cruelty. He illustrates these doctrines
by referring to Henry the Great, Of France,
who gained nation by his clemency. and
to the Duke OF AIvs, who lost the United
Provinces to the Emperor Of Spain by his
cruelty. The time will come for the PIesi-
dent to exhibit the maguanimiiy OF the one
or the iphumanity OF the other"
Again: beg the House TO listen to the
wisdom Of this great publicist, who holds,
as he would doubtless have held with us Of
the last Congress who attempted by seasons
able concession to avert the war, "that the
safest, and at the same time the most Just,
method appressing sedition is 10 give the
people satisfaction. And there exists no
reason to justify insurrection "a just circum-
stance which perhaps rarely bappens), even
in such case 1t becomes necessary to grant
an amnesty where the offenders are numer-
ous." But, as if this rebellion was before
his mind, he selects the case of a republic,
divided into two opposite parts, and where
both parts are in arms. This he calls civil
war. "The sovereign" hs SAYS, never fails
to call those in insurrection rebels; but when
the rebels have acquired sufficient strength
10 give the sovereign effectHal opposition.
and to obhge him to carryon the war against
them according to the established rules, he
must submit, necessarily, to the term civil
war. In this case there is no common iu1ce
between the two parties. They are thence
forward two separate bodies, two distinct
societies. Though ono OF the parties NAV
have been to blame in breaking the unity OF
the State and resisting the lawful authority,
they are not the less divided in fact. But
who shall judge them9 On earth they have
no common superior. They sand, therefore
in precisely the same predicament as two
nations who engaged in contest"
2. "This being the case; the common laws
Of war, the maxims of humanity, modera
tion, and honor, are to be observed. For
stronger reason, he says, ought such laws TO
be observed by two incensed parties, lacera-
ting their common country. Indeed, the
very instance which Vattel gives, ofthe SOW
ereign hanging his prisoners as rebels, has
already occurred with US in Missouri; and
we are threatened, as be anticipates, with re-
prisals and retaliation, which we have no
power to resist. But for these laws, the war
would thus become every day more cruel,
horrible tnd destructive. What then, IS the
conclusion at which he arrives2
3. Whenever a numeroas body of men
think they have a right to resist the SOW
ereign, and feel themselves in condition 10
appeal to the sword, there ought to be left
open the same means as between two nations
for preventing the war being carried to out.
rageous extremtes, and for the restoration
OF PEACE"
If these maxims Of the great jurist be the
voice OF reason, conscience and the civil zsd
world, this Government is under the neces
slty to practice moderation, justice and elem.
ency toward the insurgency. We have no
right as Mr.. Seward thought in February
to inaugurate any system of emanc patton
which will lead to the atrocities and inhu
manity oil slave insurrection. Such course.
as Mr. Seward held, will only "renvigorate
the rebellion" In such a contest, there is
not an attribute Of the Almighty which can
takes sides with US. As well fire the hosp :
tails Of the sick, and the libraries OF the
learned; as well pillage the home OF the wild
ow, and the heritage OF the orphan; as we'll
refuse the flag of truce or the exchange of
prisoners; as well fire upon the former and
harg the latter; as well puison the weapons
OF war or the wells Of water; as well re fuse
the offices appointed by Necessity to soften
the rough usages Of war, as to inspire or set
on foot system leading to servile massacre.
Nay, by the same reason that we would
leave off these horrible means which intense
fy sectional hate and reinvigorate rebellion,
we must leave open tho same means which
two nations at war ever have for the restora-
ton Of peace.
Mr.. Conway-I would like just here to
ask a question OF the gentleman from O..
hio.
Mr.. Cox-In one moment, sir; will be
glad to answer you.
Now, inquire first, into the reason ofthesc
maxmS; secondly into the means VIII ch
are open to bellgerent nations, and what if
any means are open to this nation for the res
toration OF peace.
First The maxims quoted spring from
the desirabeness OF ending hoStlities. Al
in war no one can enjoy quietly his rights, 10
peace be has that privilege; and if controver.
ted, he can nationally discuss them with q
view to the remedy. Peace is the natural
and best state of man. All agree to that
Under its protection, and through its amen
it'cs that intercourse is secured which il
most bene fetal, econom icaly and sosially,
and which tends to the highest advancement
| OF man. Passion produces wa'; reason keeps
and restores peace. 1t is the bounden duty o
the Government to seek peace with the peo.
| pie. The beatitu1es are promised to the
peacemaker. God smiles on him, and gives
him double blcssedness in this life and in
the life to come. Poets may sing the glories
of heroic ACHIEVEMENTS:
But like bell with solemn, sw eet vibrations
| hear the voice Of Christ say, peace"
Ifit were now possible that the French
Emperor, without intrenching upon our pes
negatives as a proud and independent State,
could succeed in restoring, by his friendly
medi alton, the Government and the Union
as it was ten years ago, when this coup d'eta
seemed to destroy the hopes OF republican
France, and to become the peacemaker and
Union saver of this distracted land, the
beauty Of the act would whiten his whole
lie, and even make mankind orget the fata
I'd Of December, 1862. He would deserve
the eulogy of the great writer TO whom
have referred. and become greater at thai
moment than in the midst OF his most splen
/ did conquests in the Crimea and in Italy
which he is about TO illustrate in bronze up
on new arch OF triumph in his capital. s,
desirable is the return OF peace, so divin'
the office Of peacemaker, that mankind viii
join with Vattel in picturlng Augustus shut
ting the temple OF Janus, and giving peac,
to the universe, and adjusting the disputes o
kings and nations, as the greatest OF NOR
tails, and, as it were, a God upon earth.
Second. What are the means left open t.
1 Ill L. 4 l.. -.