The Ottawa free trader. [volume] (Ottawa, Ill.) 1843-1916, 1863-01-17
ta,es, which have the largest share Of

Ienu the rights Oh StateS ana the rights OF
individuals, and to restore our Union as 1t
was 1t will be restored by the central
and western States both free and slave,
who are exempt from the violent passions
which bear control at the extremes. The
prejudice between northern and southern
STATES are not held on the line OF contact.
but in the sections most remote from each
other, and separated by the great control
linz regions and resources of the country.
Those of the cenaral and slave States
which rejected the ordinance of secession.
which sought TO remain in the Union, and
which were driven off by centemptuous
Incorporating policy, must be brought
back Iherestoration of the whole Union
will then be only the work of time, with
such exertions ofpower as can be put forth
without needlessly sacrificing the life and
treasure Of the north in a bloody and ca
lamitOus contest
We must not wear out the lives Of our
soldiers nor exhaust the earnings OF labor,
nv war for uncertain ends, or to carry
ont vague theories The policy of subju-
cation and ex ermination means not only
the destruction Of the lives and property
of the South, but also the waste of the
blood and treasure Of the North The
exertion of armed power must be accom-
panied by a firm and conciliatory policy to
restore our Union. with the least possible
injury to both sections
Those at the North and the South who
have been laboring to break down our
! national constitution and Union, and to
make two Confederacies, overlook the fact
| that. in each Of them, it would be more
difficult to adjust conflicting interests and
State representation than in our existing
Union. The vast extent of our country,
and its varied productions and pursuits,
have relieved antasonism between com
merciai, manufacturing, and agricultural
| interests. They give 10 each great fields
for prosperous pursuits. If the producing
| States Of the " est are Gu. off from the
markets of the South, they will demand
free trade policy which will open to
them the markets of the world, and even
that will not make good the loss. They
| will not give up their peculiar advantages
| for raising grain ana cattle for other pur-
I suits, and the markets of the eastern
| States and Europe are not equal to western
| production. The past two years have
| shown this. With an unusual European
| call for breadstuffs and provi-iens, with
vast consumption OF these articles by
our American armies,-there Is great
section of the West where the prices do
not pay for their production There is
| bankruptcy and financial distress in the
midst of abundant harves,s, and waste
Of ungathered grain at time of the largest
expectation of agricultural products known
in the history OF our country. Reducing
the cost of carrying these products will
not cure this trouble Opening the Missis-
sIppi 4 way to the markets Of the world,
will not overcome this evil. The cotton
raised on the Mississippi is the joint pro-
duct of the provisions of the North and
the labor of the South The people of
the West must have the markets of the
southwestern States TIC bring back their
prosperity they must be reunited politi-
cally, socially, and commercially, to the
valley Of the Lower Mississippi. Their
grain and provisions must be converted
into cotton, and in this form carried pro-
ftably to the eastern and European ports
When they have thus gained the returns
for their labor, they will once more become
E the supporters of our commerce. To re.
store tins great region to its former pros
!, perity, and to regain fer ourselves its en-
:. riching trade, the lower valley OF the Ms
! sissippi must be brought back into tn,
: Union 1t must be brought back, too
. with all its elements of production ane
! | wealth unimpaired, with all the advan
tages of local self government NOT a de
vastated and ruined territory, under
!, biighting debasive military control
SO closely are the upper and lower val
:. ley Of tie Mississippi bound together b.
interest that, where cotton is burned il
). Louisiana, Iufiian corn is used as fuel il
i Illinois. The ruin Of the southern con
;, sumner brings bankruptcy upon the nortl
u ern producer When the capacity of III
), one to buy is annihila:ed, the ability c
!. the other to produce is weakened or de
i s;royeu- This single instance. for man
- equally strong, shows that neither in
:. northern or southern Union can the cor
. tiicting interests OF agriculture, commerce
: and manufactures be adjusted
- The division of our Union into two G
h more Coniederacies would re open in eac
h those questions of distribution Of powe
:. and relationship between States whic
:, we're settled by our national constitution
: Even now the centralization of power an
- patronage at the national Capital cause
s uneasiness in those which are now or wi
:. soon become the most populous TIL
&c Senate can prevent the passage or repe:
"a OF laws by the House, which represen,
a. the popular will, and at the same tim
- can control the power of the Executive b
% rejecting treaties formed or nomination
made by the President At this time
=, Executive Department This body as
{ has the advantage of longer tenure {
Office, while it is further removed fror
q popular control. 1t is in this powerf,
J. branch of government that States have a
> equal representation, without regard
- population Even under our preser
Union, it is for the interest of the sma
u States to centralize power in the nationi
e government, as they enjoy a dispropo
q tomato control in the most infuentis
e branch Of that government. All now a.
l. quesce in that compromise of the con.t
Is tuition. 1t is the best adjustment whic
e can be made between the larger an
D. smaller States So long as all the State
e OF our present Union were represented i
e Congress, this tendency was checked
the existence of States with small Topui;
l. ton disturbed in different sections OF Gu
= country, and somewhat equally among tn
e agricultural, commercial and manufactur
\ inc regions. Hitherto no Injurious or irr
IT tating results have been caused a div
n sion Of the Union, o, the diSfIanch lseme,
is of the southern States by putting the
J. back into the condition Of mere Territ
1t ries, or a representation dictated by TIL
n military power of gov ernment, woul
If make inevitable n readjustment of pollt
d cal power. If the southern States are Gu
% off or disiranchsed, every map of GU
$ country will constantly suggest this to tn
re public mind. In the northern Union tn
h group of six small New England State
d with New Jersey and Delaware lying @
d the Atlantic coast, far removed from til
lie central and western sections of our cour
IS try, with united populations only ado,
r equal to that Of this State, would balanc
Il in the controlling branch of the Nation:
o Legislature the great producing States .
II New York, Pennsylvania, Ohio indians
d Illinois, Michigan, Wisconsin and low.
IL In a few years each of these States Wi
c. have populations greater than that of a
q | Now Ennlanl This 1lisnariiy Of poI;tic.