Daily State sentinel. [volume] (Indianapolis, Ind.) 1861-1865, 1863-02-06


sale of the land scrip canuot he oiyidei ne
act OF Congress direct. that the scrip shall be sold
by the ctste--st csnsOt enter ts0ds "itA IL
When sold the proceeds are TO be invested ia
secure stocks bearing q least i've per cent inter
e-t The State takes the grant subject 10 the
condition that neither the principal nor tie inter
est shall be lost or diminished, but the interest
shall be regularly applied TO the purpose men
tione IN the act and IL so lost or diminished, the
State shall he liable To part With the interest
~ "a 10 lose complete control over II woGld be
most unwise legislation, for fund II diverted -
lost 70 the objects of the grants. whether iund
is diverted, is question that would constantly
arise from acts of Institutions over which The
Legislature had no direct control. IL the iund
wa divided among the colleges now asking such
division. or among the eight ia the State. the
very fact that a professorship ~ Agriculture
would be created in each OF them, when one only
is competent 10 give the instruction that the four
or eight could. presents "A question of loss and
diver. lon OF the fund. And this will more clearly
appear in the consideration OF my second objec
ton 10 dividing il.
.. Bee use such division of the fund or the an
nual interest, would defeat the object of the
grant.
That object is not the instruction of the agri-
cuturalists only, but Of the entire industrial
class. The act shows this. Its title recites that
the donation is Tor the benefit oi agriculture and
the mechanic arts and ia the body OF the act II Is
declared that 1.-The interest shall be inviolaby ap
propriatel 10 the advancement, support and main
tenance OF ut least one college, where the lead
ing object shall be without excluding military
tactics to teach such branches OF learning as are
related to agriculture and the mechanic arts, IA
such manner as the Legislatures OF the states may
respectively prescribe, IN order 10 promote the
liberal and practical education of the industrial
classes in the several pursuits and professions OF
life Here it is that the industrial classes
are TO be instructed practically in their pursuits.
Manufacturing and mechanism aud mining are to
be taught in all their principles, as well as agri
culture. These pursuits of the greatest in
terest society. aud State is just progressing
to that condition when its manufactures anu
mining will be greatly increased. Our progress
in manufacturing. between 1850 and lo6D
averages 240 per cent, although that IN iron and
coal mining is small-much less than our capa-
bilities would Indicate.
Ohio has reached It's maximum of agricultural
productions. and its progress IN manufactures
and mining IS enormous. Our capabilities are
equal TO those of Ohio No instruction pertain.
ing to these pursuits be omitted under the
donation of Congress. An institution giving
such instruction will need at the very least five
professors; two for agriculture. one OF which
should instruct ia the sciences belonging To il, and
another in the at OF agriculture OH the expert
mental farm; two in the principles and their prac
teal application CONNECTED with manufactures
mining and mechanics, and one military tao
ties
am certainly of the opinion that commerce is
industrial pursuit. and its principles aud its
should also he taught. This would require one
two professors more, but | will omit these at
present.
as the annual interest was Large enough To EN-
ploy them.
fl}ut the sciences connected with the industrial
pursuits must be taught very differently than are
the studies in our collegiate institutions. When
student graduates ia them. he soon iorget> his
languages, mathematics, and natural and mental
sciences. But his mind ever retains its discipline
by these stu,iies ana by this discipline he is fitted
for a professional career. But il will be very dit
ierent with the sciences as taught TO the indus.
trial c'ass. 4 he object of such instruction is not
only to discipline the mind, but to imbre it with
a thorough and lasting knowledge of principles
which to be applied. practically in the sew
eral industrial pursuits. Hence the instruction ia,
them must not only have u direct application TO
these pursuits, but must be so thorough that they
may be thus practically applied Essential TO
such instruction is a complete chemical and phi
losophIcal apparatus, and n geological and min
eralogical cabinet. All of these belonging to our
~sectarian colleges. il put together. would he in
sufficient TO give instruction IN single branch OF
science
We the consequences of a divis
ion of the furj IL would require these FIVE pro-
lessons to be increased to either twenty or forty
as the division is limited to four or eight of our
colleges. Instead OF one such apparatus and
cabinet. must have four eight. And for
what purpose would the expense OF all these be
incurredg For no other one than that broken
up fragments of classes might be taught in four
or eight places, instead OF entire class III one
place
Again essential to such instruction ~ the in
dustrial pursuits demand is a library very differ
ent from what lind in colleges. Works
acrcul' ure in all its branches, and it exists
in every couLtry; those relating to manufactures,
mechanics and mining. developing their princi-
piles, and az they have been applied 10 these arts
books relating To Commercial operations and
foreign and domestic tra.eS; also to military m It
tiers. All these constituted library that must be
long TO any institution where the industrial class
Is educated Shall the fund be charged with the
purchase of one such library, or four or eighth
But again, TIE act of Congress provides that
10 per cent. OF the principal OF the endowment
may be applied 10 the purchase OF sites for ex-
permenttl farms. Without these instruction il,
agriculture must he So imperfect as To be of little
utility. These sites lie necessary houses, barns,
aud >heds. the farming implements and farm
stock. will cost much. Are We to have four or
eight or these when one would suliceg Surely
uO Legislator could for a moment. be induced to
such loss and diversion OF the fund. ~ would
be created by the payment OF so many professors
ana the purchase of 50 many chemical and phi
losophIcal apparatuses, meteorological and geo.
logical cabinets, libraries and experimental farms
Aud it the General Assembly could be. would
any Court of the United States hold that such
diversion a loss and misapplication of th,
fund that made the State responsible for il?
3. Because the amount available from the
grant would be entirely inadequate to such al
expenditure.
The donation is $50 600 acres of land in land
scrip. To all the States, exclusive of the Terri
tories it is 9270 900 acres OF land and land scrip
This large amount will be thrown on the market
In addition "a this amount must be considered The
fact that by the homestead law no actual settler
j. required to purchase his land from the Genera
Government IL i easy 10 see that The sale o
our portion. under these circumstances, will be
very slow. Indeed. it viii demand TO little pa
tieuce from the industrial class 10 prevent a sac
mice oi the grant. by putting down the price {,
au amount too low. ia It's haste 10 make sales
IL i difficult to estimate what the price will be
but the State University Lands will give an idea
but an imperfect one
Although these lands have been selected era
years and in our own State, where all lands art
rapidly advancing in value. Yet the annual sale,
do not exceed three Thousand acres, even whes
the long cresiit of ten wears is given on three
four;hs OF the purchase money. | cannot see how
the sales OF our land scrip could exceed FIVE thou
sInd dollars annually Ii three hundred thou
sand collars be realized from the donation by th,