Prescott journal. [volume] (Prescott, Wis.) 1861-1871, 1863-10-10

| turai excellence. A heir third Bureau reg
ulases the expectation and importation Of
grain and flour, and their prices, the es-
Enlistment of fairs, cattle markets,
slaughter houses, sale Of provisions, and
bread making.
In Spain, tho Minister de Farmer TO
the department. for the promotion of the
Public Welfare, controls all the internal
improvements of the State, including
roads, schools, canals, harbors, agricul-
ture, forest culture, commerce and indus
try, also agricultural and industrial socl-
cites. This department consists of the
Asst Secretary of State, two Director
Generals, thirteen officers, chief of En-
gineers, two officers of the treasury aud
archives. There is also an association of
herd owners which consists ola perma-
nent central committee, with officers over
which the Queen presides. Societies I'M
der the auspicies Of this department by
exhibitions, publications. dc, contribute
10 the promotion of agriculture and cat
tie raising.
In Belgium, the greatest encourage
ment is given by the Government to agrl-
culture. They have provincial commits
sion which is under the auspices of indie
pendent societies in the Kingdom. They
have also Superior Council of Agricul-
tCre, which the Government advises with
in matters of moment. This is composed
of delegates from the provincial councils
these societies receive subsidies from the
Government, they organize exhibitions
for competition and exert every means in
their power fer agricultural progress.
Up to 1858, Austria had n special de-
partment of Rural Economy, but since
then it has been transferred to the de-
partment of the Interior, controlled By a
presidential board.
In Russia, the patronage Of tho Gov
eminent is ample, and all her interests in
this department are under the control Of
the Minister of Domain, to whom all in
formation is conveyed by subordinate of
ficers.
Prussia has also department of ngri-
culture. A minister assisted by five chief
clerks, and numerous detailed clerks ;
subordinate to this is the Rural Board of
Agriculture, whose business is to recon-
mend the abolition of feudal rights over
the soil, so that the agricultural resour
ccs Of the country may be developed and
schools formed for agricultural education.
They have also q secretary General. who
has charge of what is called the Techni
cal Central Bureau and tho Museum Of
Collections, and is also editor of the An
nails Of Agriculture.
In our own country, the agricultural
division to the Patent Office, has as its
personnel, n superinten lent, four. clerks,
including translators and writers, a gar
dener and assistant. The expense OF
this department, including distribution OF
plants, is about S53, 900 year.
Up to 1854, we had no agricultural
Bureau, at first We had single clerk
ship, for the purpose of obtaining Stats,
ties, which the first year consisted OF
about twenty pages, printed in the vol.
ume on mechanics. From the foregoing
we find that while other countries have
fostered their agricultural interests ana
fully appreciated their importance, our
Government has sadly neglected that
which is giving, and will continue to give
her greater vitality than any other, and
it is only lately that she has undertaken
to grasp the subject and view it in its
proper light, by encouraging the reclaim
alton of the worn -outplantations in the
South, and the cultivation of the soil in
ali the States, by q proper preparation
TO bring it to the highest state of cultiya-
ton,
This department Of such vast impor.
lance to this Government, is still in its
infancy. The first step of importance,
is that taken by the last Congress, in ma
king munificent donation of land to
each State for an Agricultural College
and other industrial purposes.
When The war is closed, the industrial
interests of the Country will attract the
attention of the Government more than
other, for it is upon this, and revenue,
that she is to rely, and the financial is
sues that will then present themselves,
will draw tic Government into close
proximity with every department that
makes up the wealth of the Country.
We will 90 n step further, and enquire
into the comparative value of the pro
auctions per acre Of England and
France, for it would be Impossible to in
stitute any comparison between these
Countries and our own, We have such q
vast domain, not yet opened up to civili-
cation. 1t is admitted by one of the
most eminent professors of Rural Econo-
II y in France, that the average produc-
ton pr acre of wheat in France is l31
bushels, while in England, it is % bush
ella. d to this, he says, the average OF
all other crops raised, and in England it
is double that in France, and in money,
three times rs much in value.
Again, France, taken rs a whole, pro-
duces annually only s. per acre, while
England produces sic. The annual
produce of an English farm is equal to
the total produce of French farm of
equal area, all vegetable pr ,duction Of the
English farm being additional
BY the census of lS4l, the population
of the United Kingdoms of Great Brit