The Emporia news. [volume] (Emporia, Kan.) 1859-1881, 1863-06-06


Whoever shall be convicted as a military
insurgent shall suffer death, according to
the usages of nations, by sentence of Mil
itary Commission.
Cd. The P0rtiSan-''The partisan corps
designates bodies detached from the main
army. The partisan leader com
mands a corps whose object is to injure
the enemy by action separate from that of
bis own main army; the partisan acts chiefly
upon the enemy's lines of connection and
communication, and outside of or beyond the
lines of operation of his own army, in the
rear and on the tanks of the enemy. Rapid
and varying movements aud surprises are
the chief means of his success: but he is
part and parcel of the army, and, as such,
considered entitled to the privileges of the
laws of war, so long as he does not transgress
them"
Partisan soldiers must have the orgsniza-
ton :and equipment of soldiers, or they are
Jrigands or guerillaS, and will bs punished
as such.
3d. The Brigand-"The brigand is, in
military language, the soldier who detacheS
himself from lis troop and commits rob
berry, naturally accompanied in many cases
with murder and other crimes of violence.
His punishment Inflicted even by his own
authorities, is death. The word brigand,
derived as it is from 6rigner. to beg. meant
originally beggar. but it soon came to be
applied to armed strollers, a class of men
which swarmed in all countries in the mid
die ages. The term has, however, received
wider meaning in modern military termin-
ology. He that assails the enemy without
or against the authority of his own Govern
ment is called. even though his object should
be wholly free from any intention of pillage,
brigand, subject to the infiction of death,
IF contrrad
When Major Won SchiIl, commanding a
Prussian regiment of hussars, marched, in
the year 1909. against the French, without
the order of his Government, for the pur-
pose of causing rising of the people in the
north of Germany, while Napoleon was oc-
cupied in the south with Austria, Schill was
declared by Napoleon and his brother, a
brigand: and the King of Westphalia, Je-
rome Bonaparte, offered a reward of ten
thousand francs for his head. Schill was
killed in battle; but twelve young officers
of his troop, taken prisoners, were carried
by the French 10 the Fortress of Vessel,
where court martial declared them prison
ordered new court martial and they were
all shot as brigands. Napoleon is not cited
here as an authority in The law of war; he
and many of his Generals frequently sub
stituted the harshest violence for martial
usages. The case is mentioned as an illus
tration of the meaning attached to the word
briganG in the law of war, and of the fact
that death is the acknowledged punishment
for the hrigand.'
Whoever shall be convicted as brigand,
no matter whether of our own forces or
those of the enemy. shall suffer death, ac-
cording to the usage of nations, by sentence
of Military Commission.
4th The Guerilla Proper. - Guerilas
proper may be defined as troops not be
longing to a regular army, consisting of vol
unteers, perhaps selfconstituted, but gen
orally rased'' within the lines of the enemy
as contra distinction from military insur-
gents) ''by individuals authorized to do so
by the authority they recognize as their
Government. They do not stand on the
regular pay roll of the army, or are not paid
at all. take up arms and lay them down at
intervals. and carry on petty war chiefly by
raids, extortion, destruction and massacre,
and who cannot cucumber themselves with
many prisoners, and will therefore give no
quarter. They are peculiarly dangerous,
because they easily evade pursuit, and by
laying down their arms become insidious
enemies; because they cannot otherwise
subsist than by rapine, and almost always
degenerate into simple robbers or brig
auds."
Whoever shall be convicted as guerilla
! ii
! ing to the usage Of nations, by sentence OF
Military Commission.
". RELIEVING THE ENEMY.-56th Arti-
Gle of WARY hosoever shall relieve the
enemy with money. victuals, or ammunition,
or shall knowingly harbor or protect an
enemy, shall suffer death, or such other
punishment as shall be ordered by the SEN
tence of a Court Martial"
Those harboFing and feeding guerillas
are included in this class, and will be so
punished.
V. DIsLoYAL PERsoNs.-All persons not
in the military service who shall be convict
ed of disloyal expressions. oral, written or
printed, favoring the rebellion, shall be pun
shed therefor by fine assessment or i'm
prisonment, or both, or by being sent be-
you'd the lines, by sentence of Military
Commission.
VI. TRANSMISSION OF THE LAWS OF WAR
is generally punishable by sentence OF a
Military Commission. and Commanders will
see that the strictest punishment is in
flieted. not less vigorously upon the
enemy. than upon those of our own
men who transgress them. 1t is only by
strict adherence to these laws land the
more strict conformity should now be re-
nnired hscansa Of The charactar of this war