Weekly national intelligencer. [volume] (Washington [D.C.]) 1841-1869, 1863-09-24

shape MAY a.sumswhstIsr IL 20 the snina.ns pFiael'
pie Of nation the forced labor Of multitude, even
the service Of solitary domestic
INTERVENTION BY REcoGSrTIos
There is species Of foreign Intervention which stands
BY itself and is illustrations Therefore speak
OF t by itself 1t ID where foreign Power undertakes 10
acknowledge the Independence of colony province
which has renOunc,d original allegiance, and 1t may Do
called Intervention by recognition kecog
nton alone is strictly applicable the of the original
enouncing all claim OF allegiance and at last
acknowledging the Independence which has been in dis
pute But act of Intervention only where foreign
Government steps between the two parties. OF course
the original Government is far master OF its position
that may select its time 10 making this recognition
But the question arises at what time and under what CIR
cumstances can this recognition be made by foreign
Power. 1t is obvious that recognition proper at one
time and under special circumstances would not be proper
at another and under different circumstances Mr. Can
ming said with reference to Spanish America that he
pqued himself upon any thing it upon the subject OF
me and he added that there were two OF proceed
ing recklessy and with hurried course to the
object which, thoughsoon reached might be almost soon
lost and tho other BY course so strictly guarded
that principle violated and offence given to other
Powersl These words Of wise craftsmanship, and
they present the practical question which must occur IN
every of recognition condition OF the contro
versy will justify this intervention?
And here again the whole matter be best explained
by historic instances The earliest case ia that OF Swift
xerland which led the way. long 1907 by break
ing off from House of Hapsburg whose original cradle
was in Swiss Canton. But Austria did not acknowledge
the independence of the Republic until the peace OF West
phaa than three and half after the srug
gle began under William Tell Meanwhile the Cantons
had ved through the vicsstudes of foreign and do
me.tc and had formed treaties with other Powers Gclud
ing the Pope Before Swiss Independence acknow-
edged the Dutch conflict began under William Of Orange
Smartng under intOlerabe grievances and with price
set upon the he ad Of their ustous Stakeholder the Uni
ted Provinces of the Netherlands in 1872 renowned the
tyrannca sovereignty Of Philip H. and declared them
seyes Independent In the history of freedom this is
important epoch They Protesants, battling for
rights denied and Queen Elizabeth OF England, who
the head Of Professionalism acknowledged their depen
dence and shortly after gave to military aid The con-
test continued sustained the part of Spain by the &C.
MUS of Parma and Spinoa and the side Of the infant
Republic by the youthful talent of Maurice son OF the
Stakeholder; nor did foreign Powers stand aoO In 1894
Scotland which Protestant also under James VI a
terward the first James of England treated with the
surgent provinces of the houses of Burgundy
and Austrr AMI in 1896 France also entered into al
lance with them But the claims of Spain seemed urdy
Jog for it not until the peace of Westphaia nearly
eighty years after the revolt and nearly seventy years a
ter the Declaration of Independence that this Power
selted to the recognition Of Dutch independence Nor
does this example stand alone at that early day Po
tuga in 1640 also broke away from Spain and declared
herself independent under the Duke of Braganza King
year had scarcely passed when Charles of England
negotiated treaty with the sovereign The con-
test had already ceased but not the claim for it only
after twentysx years that Spain made this other
n ton.
Traversing the Atlantic in space and than a
century in tine to the next historic instance which
is interesting all while precedent it dominates
the whole question The long discord between the colo
MES and the mother country broke forth in blood the
10Th April ITS Independence was declared the 4th
July l776 Battles ensued Trenton, Princeton b randy
wine, Saratoga followed by the winter of Valley Forge
The contest yet undecided when the 9th February
ITS France entered into treaty of amty and
with the United States containing among other things
recognition of their independence with mutual sipuarions
between the two parties to protect the If the
other by convoy the ocean, against all stacks force,
aud violenreN" and this treaty the 18th of March
communicated to the British Government by the French
Ambassador at London, with diplomatic note in which
the United States described as in full of
the independence pronounced by the act Of 4h July
and the British Government warned that the King OF
France in order to protect effectively the legitimate
Of his subjects and 10 slstn the honor Of his flag
has taken further measures with the Tn led st III
further treaty Of alliance whose declared obi the
of the independence of h Unte1 States
been signed on the day, but this not commuu
Gated is there any evidence that knt TO
British Government at the time The communication OF
the other enough; for it was in itself open reccg
milton OF the Power, with promise of protection
its the ocean, lille the yet flag
between the two parties As such it must be REGARDED
armed recognition, constituting in itself beigerent
actsggrayaed and explained by the under
which was madethe warning in the nature Of
by which it was accompanied-the candestine prepare
tons by which it preceded-and the corsars cruise
against British commerce. which for time had been
allowed to swarm under the American fl q from French
ports. 1t accepted by the British Government
French vessels in British harbors were seized and
March IL ssage from the King brought down IT,
Parliament, which in the nature of declaration Of
against France In this declaration there alln
sion to any thing but the treaty Of amy and commerce,
officially communicated by the French Ambassador which
was denounced BY his Majesty unprovoked and
just aggrt the honor Of his and the al
interests of his kingdoms contrary to the law of nations
and injurious to the rights OF every foreign Power in E-
rope" Only three days later the 2st OF March the
Commissioners of the United States received by the
King of France in solemn audience with all the pomp and
ceremony accorded by the Court Of Versailles to the
representatives. Of sovereign Powers War ENSURED between
France and Great Britain land and in which Hol
land and SPAN afterwards took part against Great Britain
With such allies just cause prevailed Great Britain, by
provisional articles signed at Paris Both November 1882
acknowledged the United States to be Free sovereign
and independent" and declared the boundaries thereof
The success of colonial independence agous,
and the contest for it presented another historic instance
more discussed and constituting precedent IL possible
more interesting still This was when the Spanish colo
MES in America, following the Northern example, broke
away from the mother country and declared themselves
independent The contest began early 1910 but it
wac long continued and extended immense
gion-rom New Mexico and California in the North TO
Cape Horn 10 the South washed by two vast
traversed by mighty rivers and divided by lofty noun.
tans fru tiul in silver capped with and sho ting
with volcanic fire. At last the United States satisfied
that the ancient power of Spain hal practically ceased to
exist, beyond reasonable chance Of restoration aud
that the contest ended the indepen
dence of Mexico and five other provinces But this
was approached Only after frequent debate in Congress-
where Henry Clay took an eminent part and after
most careful confederation in the Cabinet where John
Quincy Adams, as Secretary Of State shed upon the
question all the light Of his unsurpassed knowledge de-
rlv, from long practice well from lab0rious study
OF international law. The judgment this occasi