The Weekly Perrysburg journal. [volume] (Perrysburg, O. [Ohio]) 1861-1???, 1863-04-22
farm and atuusrhuld.


There was n timo when the cultivated
soil was merely scraped, when the ponder
ous plow drawn by -four horses, laid bare
the earth but few inches below the sur
face. But the memory Of the oldest inhab-
itants" hardly goes back to that easy-going
time, and now manufactures successfully
Guido each other in the production OF i'm
pements by which tho soil is thoroughly
and deeply pulverizod. That deep plow-
ing is beneficial to the soil is admitted by
every intelligent farmer. but the particular
soil most benefited by it, and the proper
time for the performance Of tho operations,
are subjects on which variety of opinions
prevail. Still clay soils are the most ben
Gifted by deep blowing, and tho results are
still more satisfactory when tho subsoil is
of the same nature az the snpersoil, II The
farmer cannot extend the superficial area OF
his farm, ho can, at least, add to the Cubi-
cal contents of his productive portion. BY
thoroughly braking up the subsoil, it ia ex
posed to the action Of the air, the IMMORAL
food of the plants becomes liberated from
latent state and made available, and the
Sourncss which is frequent property OF
the subsoil disappears. In the working OF
stiff soils, the labor expended in pulvor-
izng will bo highly productive; but care
should be that the quantity OF subsoiI brought
to the surface is not greater than u winters
frost is sufficient thoroughly to disintegrate.
II the land has been recently drained, and
the underlying soil exhibits blush tint, not
more than ono and a half inches should be
turned over on the surface soil. II too
large quantity Of the unfcrtile soil should
he brought up, the fertility of the land may
he seriously impaired for several years.
The remedy in this case is the repeated and
careful tillage of the surface soil, and the
abundant application of manure. IT, how
ever. the subsoil he merely broken up by
the subsoil pillow OF the spade, and not
brought in quantity to the surface, the pu'-
vor1ation may bc advantag eously made to
extend 10 a much greater depth, aud small
portions may from time to time be brought
to the surface in the course of tillage
Deep cultivation is inapplcable in tho
case of sandy soils, except whom they rest
upon stiil subsoil. which, however, is
rarely the case. II there hc simply u thin
strata of stih clay beneath the sandy soil,
it should not alway6 be broken through,
rs il may prevent the moisture passing
away too rapidly as drainage. When fri
able soils rest on chalk, gravel OF sand,
deep blowing should not be performed;
neither is the operation desirable, but the
reverse is the case on any kind of highly
manure TO he efficient must be as close to
the surface rs possible in order that at.
tnosphcriC influences may decomposo il
speedily, and that the uourishment afforded
by it may he within easy access Of the root
lets OF the plants. The proper season Tor
deep plowiug is in the autumn, IN order
that the sod may hc exposed 10 the win
trr's frost and rains those potent agents
by which the dormant elements of fertility
are set free aud made available for the SUM-
mgr'S crop l7ric"HDrH Rcriew.
How To rEAcu lioRsE TO BACN.-A cor
respondent of the R"rW NsIr iorhH
would teach a horse how 10 back thus
a horse that will not. or don't know how
to back. should hc halnessed beside one
that is kind and well broken, htchcd to
lumber wagon loaded (liot too heavy
with wood rails or anything at hand, or
that you wish 10 move and then find III the
road or fold. knoll where the surface il
smooth and free from stones. and the de-
scent from one to two rods. Drive the
loaded wagon TO the top, and after stopping
a minute OF So, command your horses To
back, pulling steady but firm on the lines.
The wagon being III Il position to start very
easy, and being loaded, will not easily stop
after il is in motion. and your horse, ii the
harness he good, will bc very likely to back
down hill. After getting to the bottom of
the hill, speak kindly to him BE sure to
say whoa about the time YOU see the wagon
is going to stop. PItting him, and rub.
hlng your hand over his head aud face, re.
peat the going up, and backing down the
hill until he knows what it means to back
aud then commence backing the empty
wagon on the level gradually increasing
the load, and You will soon be able to back
all the load that would bo reasonable to
back-uot forgetting to pat your horse,
rubbing the hand over his iaco and head,
and calling him a good fellow, and using
him like one He will soon make MP his
mind that he really is good fellow, and
OF course he will act like one and will be-
come your friend and willing slave and
do what he is required to, oven bordering
on impossibllties.
Tur Brsr WmrrwAsu.- For the benefit
of houso-ccancrs we publish the following
recipe for the making of good whitcwash,
We take it from late uumber OF the RUU
NsJC- Yorker, the editor of which believes
il 70 be the best that can be used
White chalk is the best substitute Tor
lime as wkitcwash. A very fine and
brilliant whltewush preparation of chalk is
called Paris White This we buy ut the
paint stores for three cents Il pound retail
For each sixteen pounds of Paris White,
we procure half pound of the transparent
glue, costing twenty FIVE cents (ilty cents
a pound. The sixteen poupds ot Paris
White is about rs much as arperson will
USE in day, 1t is prepared as follows;
The glue is covered with cold water at
night, and tho first thing in the morning
il is carefully heated without scorching,
until dissolved. The Paris White is stirred
in with hot Mater enongh to give il the