Richmond enquirer. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1815-1867, 1863-06-02

1
SERVICES due, according to tho existing laws Of
the invaded country, from ono citizen subject
or native of tho same to another. The COM
mAndar of the army must leave it to the uli-
mate trssty Of peace to eetsle the permanent
cy of this change.
| So I:js no longer considered lsWful-on tho
contrary, it is hold TO DO serious bresoh ofthe
law of war-to foros thu subjects Of the emo
nv into the service OF the victorious govern
ment except tho latter should proclaim, AZ
ter q fair and complete conquest Of the coun-
try, district, or place permanently as lts own,
and ruaks 1t portion Of its own country.
|
| IS. Classical works CT art, lihrsriea, scien-
t;fc collections, or precious instruments, such
IS astronomical telescopes, "a well ss hos
pi:als, must &c secured sgainst all aYolda-
ule jriury, sven when they are contained in
fortified plscss whilst besiegsd or bombnrded.
Sc Iitu;k works Of art, libraries, col
ectiuns, or instruments belonging to hog
tiIc nttion OF government, eau Do removed
without injury, Tho rules Of tho conquerins
slate or natlon may order them 70 be
sriz,d and removed for tho benefit Of tho
aaid nation. Tho ultinsto ownership ia to
be Settled by the enauipg tresty CT pskra.-
| j
if captured by the armies of the United
States Nor shall they ever be privately sp.
| propris.ed, or wautonly destroyed or Injured.
81 The United States acknowledge aud pro-
tsct, il hostile countries occupied by them, Re-
i;gion and morality: strictly private property;
tue PERSONS of tho inhabitants, especially
those Of vomer; ard tho Sscredness Of DO
Inestic relation. Offences to the contrary
shall be Vigorously punished.
This rule dozen not interfere With the right
of tho victorious insa6er to lax the people or
their property, 10 levy forced loans, 10 billie;
soldiers or to appropriate property, esporiAl-
Ii; houses, lsnd, boats CT ships, and churehts,
for temporary AID military uses.
IS. Pr,1Atr property, unless forfeited ny
c.iu.es or By stfancos OF the ownor, csn be
ss;zed only by ray cf military nsc' ssaty, for
The support ur other benefit Of thu army of
Ito United States, If the owner has not fled,
tho commanding officer will CAUSE receipts to
be svsn, which may servo tho tpolisted ownor
to obtsin indemnity.
A.. Slavery, complicatlng and coniound-
ing the itess Of property (tbht is Of Aing) and
Of personally, Qh.t Is y: humanity)-ex:sts
according to nuielpsl OF local law only
Fugitvc3 c.capiDg frou, country in which
:hsy we're slsyes, Williams, or Rerfs, into sno-
thsr country, have for centuries PAST bsen
held free aid acknowledged free ny Judicial
decisions Of European countries, even though
the municipal liw Of the country in which
tho slave had taken refuge acknowledged
slavery within is own dolrinions.
43. Therefore, in war tetw eeu the United
States and beliissieut " hith Ldmis of slA.
very, il person hold IN bondage by that bel
liseisut 20 captured by, or Come 81 fuei
tive under ihe protection ol tho military
10. c,s Of .nu United Safes, such person is
iU1deaiatsly ent,t cd TO tbs rights snd privi'
leges Of freeman. 70 fe.ufn such person
ITO slavery would knourt to enslIyins
| FREQ person, and neither tbs United States
not any officer under tucr authority can
cuslsvo sny human being. Moreover, per.
son so made free ny the law Of WAT ID undor
the shield Of tho lew CT Ditions, and tho
70: MGR owrer CT State cLn have, by the Jaw
G! pes:liminy, 10 belljgOrens lien or claim Of
&C, yce.
a. AL 1anton Iiolents committed
sgaint PERSONS in the Invaded country,
all desLIuaiion Of property not COM
manled ny the authorz.d officers. al!
Tobbory, All pillase or sucking, oven after
taking placs by hisir force; ali rape, woun,.-
| ioG, mhiminc, rT killing or such tipabitsDtY
arc prchitil,d Under ponAlty Ct death, III
suc:i v!neI sovvfe pGD,slmpus ~ may gam,
adequate f1r the gravity CT The tfsncs.
| As. III caotuses aud booty belong, ae~
cording to tbs modern law OF ~ar, primarily
to the government: of tie captor.
I6. Mother cfi iers nor soldiers are al
| !eI,a 10 make usa IF their position or
power in tho hos,ile country tor private
gain, -ot even fos commercial trarsnc:lonh,
othorwne legitimate, offences To. the cea-
Iary, Committed by commissioned oficsrs,
will DO punished with csshiering nr sucn
| ether pupshueat ss<ho nature of the offence
mty require; ifby soldiors, they shall BIO
punished scco: dig to the nature of the Of
| f1nce.
| SECTION H.
Dsasytsrs, Prisoners of War, Hostages, Booty
on the Battle Field.
Sc. If however, the peopls Of
| q country, or sny portion of the Same, al
Yesdy occupied by on army, r'so' sgsiDst
Is, they arc viola:ers Of tho laws of Far, and
arl ncs entitled to their prot. clion.
s.. So soon "A man is armed By soye"
ui.n Invrriu at. snd takes tho soldiur's
oath q, fiiciny, he ia 5e5geroat; his kill
in:. s:Oali;i,ng, Or other w1rlIke acts, Gre no
individual cones cr off,nces. No bellige-
rent l.w (. Ugh. t. declare thrt enemies Of q
certain class, color Of condition, whnn prop
erly organized IS aoldiers, will not Be !.sate Il
by tim ss public olemies.
So. Tee law Of Nations knows OF no dat nc
SION. OF color, and If ELL enemy OF the United
States ohoud ensIi7e xnd sell any captured
PERSONS of their army it would BIZ a Case for
tho everest retaliation, if not redfessed
upon complaint. Tho Uniltd States caunot
rata!iate by ens'ssemsnt; therefore, dezth
must te tbs retaliation for this cIime agEiust
IT,, l.w Of Eati He.
50. a prisoner vi wsr rounslns EuswerI bic
for hia crimes committed sgainst tho csptur q
army Or pooplv cdumittel before he was
cs[tas.d, and f3s which he hsa n0, tesn pun
iehsd by his OWL authorities. All prisoners
Of p q. are lisnle to tie II Fiction Ct jetsliato
ny MEASURES.
IS Prisoners of rsr ale subject to cor
fotment or imp1iscnmsnt such Is may be.
daemed fec. ssary on account Of safety, but
they are To be shls cted To no other ,nten-
tionsl BIZ fforipg or ind'gnity.
76. They may be required to work
for tie benefit of the cAptor's government,
dug 10 t. Cir rank aud condition.
BLCTION ".
Pdrtisans-A ARMED Enernies not belonging to
tho hostile A1my-Scouts-Ar Prolc-
lers-War Rabels.
81. P.rtisans sre soldiers slmed and wear
ing tho uniform Of their army, but belonging
to D corps whioh acts detached from the main
body for the purpose OF making inrosds into
tho torrito, y vccupie d by the enemy. Heap.
ursd, they are entitled TO all the privileges of
tho prisoner Of ws'.
g. Men, or squada of msn, who commit
hooillitiss, whether ty fighting, or inroads