New-York daily tribune. [volume] (New-York [N.Y.]) 1842-1866, 1863-01-30
Tx UNITED STATES or COLON


South America is of moro than ordinary i'm
portance. II announces the termination OF the
semi-civil war which has for nearly three years
distracted the Republic of New-Granada, or as
it is now called, the United States OF Colon
bia. The contest was, as IS usual IN the
numerous civil wars Of the South American
Repubcs, between the Liberal party headed
By Gen. Mosquera, and the Conservative par
Is. headed. after the assassination Of General
Arboleda, by General Canal, the President elect
of the party. 1t has been waged longer and
with creater ferceness than most OF these con
tests; and IA the strength OF the Conservative
party appears to be utterly exhausted, 1t ia
hoped that il will be followed By lasting
peace.
The war broke out at the beginning OF the
year 1860, when Gen. Mosquers raised the
standard of revolt against President Ospina.
The points Of difference between the Conserv-
alive and the Liberal parties are The same in
w.Granada az in all tho other States OF
Central aud South America. It's ConserSa-
tiyes favor a despotic policy, and are in par
ticular violently opposed TO the principle of
religious liberation, while the Liberals are in
favor of religious freedom, and CT restoring
the power aud influence Of the clergy in secu-
lar affairs. Instead, however, of using their
power, when in the ascednency fer the pro-
mitigation aud protection ct universe! religious
liberty, they have frequently been earned by
their hostility - the clergy to extreme meas
ures, which oil truly free governments repu-
diate, such Us the suppression OF religious or
ders and associations the banlshment oil oil
bishops, priests, and monks who refuse TO
acknos ledge their ecclesiastical DEGREES, and
other smiular orders. Another measlre-the
confscation of the church property--can be
more easily excused on tho ground Of inevitable
necessity; for in most Of the States OF Central
and South America, wealth SO immense had
accumulated ~ Che hands of the church, as to
make the Development Of the n'&ura! resources
OF the country and its prosperity en- lmpossl-
billy.
The struggle in Neys-Grnnada early took n
tnrn favorable TO the Liberals. On the 18TH
oS July, 1861, Gen. Mosquera tcoh possession
Of the capital Of tho Republic OF Bogota, aud
declared President Cspina dsposed, while the
Conservatives or Federallsts continued to maln-
tain themselves in tho southern part Of the
Confederacy, especially in the States OF ANTI
oauia and Cauca. The Congress OF the Lib
erul States, which cjossd October %, 1861,
adopted at first the name United States os
Granada, which they, however, room chengei
into the United STATES OF Colombia. They
also adopted aew Constitution, according Do
Coniederacy sends to the Federal Congress
three Senators, ca!ted "Plenipotontiarcs, aud
u Number of deputies, forming the Chamber OF
REPRESENTATIVES.. OF the further progress OF
the contest, little notice has been taken "A tho
United States. Only tho Disturbances in
Panama, which in the course Of 1857 WAS lost
~ the Conservative party, exacted little
more attention, because Of cur more frequent
intercourse with this State. An upiavorable
impression was made during the past year by
the countenance given by the Unllod States
Minister, in common with the Mnisters oI
France and England 10 the Conservative
party, after this party had already lost ul
power,
Gen. Mosqucra, although his excavation Il
the Presidency appears to have been achieved
by Illegal and unconstitutional means, is Oh,
of the abloet statesmen OF South America
who, if not interfered with by other reyolu
tions, may BIO expected to carry through tn,
most salutary reforms. lie cherishes, in par
ticuar, tho hope of eAectius reunion 0
Newt Granada with tho Republics of Ecusdo
aud Venezuela. uud has made suitable prOqOsi