davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Memphis daily appeal. [volume] (Memphis, Tenn.) 1847-1886, 1863-04-13
The stratsRy Rynt vickaburp.

Some Of the Northern papers begin to des-
pair Of the opening of the Mississippi, and to
eriticise the strategy pursued there. We copy
the following from the Cincinnati Gazette as
specimen:
The Ficksburg operations up to this time
have been enormously costly destruetive in
gunboats and rams, and probably eonsunlptive
Of men as campaign carried on by battles
would have been, and we fear without any pro-
gress.
There was time when by an assault which
an officer offered TO lead, and which did not then
present anything that brave and determined men
should not undertake, a base for operations
might have been taken on the high bank of the
Yazoes from which regular advances could be
made, and where military skill and superior
force would have bad 8 field in which It fnight
expect success. This was when Gen. Sherman
made his aDortive attempt, with Gen. Grants
s5ortve corporation. But everything was
abandoned, and the expedition re-embarked TO
seek easier gl0Fies. When the combined force
returned this opportunity was no longer svaila-
ble or at least It was not tried, and the rebels
had well improved the timely notiee
General Grant has, so far, secured no point
lor operations on land nor does be appear to
have plans that promise any, even if they con-
template i. The Jog which reports have thrown
Sfei MS inglIy canal projects, aud bis discOv-
cries OF hidden passages has blown away, re-
yealing nothing but failure His Strategic pass
ages to circumYent the enemy have turned to
traps for the destruction Of bis own vessels.
We speak in plain terms Of this situation, be-
cause, without prompt and stern measures |
continuance Of this may be tle whole result of
this great expedition. General Grant has made |
no progress. His course promises none II is
evident that the preparations at Vicksburg are /
now such that small force Of the ensrny can
hold It against him, thus releasing the bulk Of |
thar force for other concentrations.
The operations against Port Hudson have had
no Better success, and do not promise much bet
ter The question is now to be met. whether
in fields which promise success shall
De ioregone, and our other armies left exposed
to concentrations Of the enemy, by exDendine
90 great 2 ioree in mere blockade OF Vieks-
burg and Port Hudson. Much as the people Of
tie West have desired the opening of the Mis-
sissipPi, and important as they have regarded its
possession for weakening the rebellion, they
have no desire that the Western armies and TIE
RIVER navy shall be expended in vain efforts or
u appearances, while there are fields where the
great military power of the Confederates may be
crushed, and where in any event we must en-.
Memphis daily appeal. [volume] (Memphis, Tenn.) 1847-1886, 1863-04-13
THOMAS KRON.
TANGIPAHO, La.
Dealer in Tobacco, Cigars, Pipes, gte.,
Wholesale and .---- Retail
mbIg 3Ots
NOTICE no COYsCRTPTs

/ 4 n obedience TO Gene a Ord=r No 50 Adf,ts.t and
4 lnsceco1 leuersis once, dated NOFerlI-r s4 1850
tae undersigned, Caai man Of the ELsmiulur Posrs
hsFeby sivss notice 20 the Enrcl ng oHes- II - <
Co gressona Dist.ic. and o. ue-s5ns anr,IIss q
exemption q Om rhys ca disability tia. he -if - -
te following named places. lhs time suze-seF r-
ihe pufpese OF eEa1lung C0lsc PTS A as rsgsfr.
90 prss nt tbe1l- elves on the trs- 5sv e-ess II ~
place
/ Neshoba county, P5Hsdslphia, Arri aad aud 2l5.
a en- sr 7lu 30 DsEall, nril 2fth and 55th.
Hoxu7e county Aac6n, 4 ptii z1ta sd 45th
l-9~-aes eoln5ys o0iuH oua, April z91h aud l0tl.
Okt5eha county, Stsrksvil e, fay ist aad I'd
q oeiaT county. Gre-usb re- May 4th and 5.h
winston oo1nfyi Lo1i vile Nav ith sud 7tl
JNO ID SPICRR
Assistant Surgeon p = d s
As-eeshig &c the above notice an PEI .1rs b-.r-s.-
the ages Of eighteen snd forty years, tbsr ~ ~
of any Other orrioa u che state. o. OF s. ~ =. -
intug surgeon and Enro lng 7fdosr for "a NATION ~
enroin1ant on The oaTs dEa1 h fors-o.r.- -,.s
A4' notice inoludfs every pers01 te-r--n tbr s.a-
specified, fhoze who have b6re fofo-s ben svs-5s5
e -''sla SO aeF 1y be state OF Cou.sdors Sur
s7 ns tlcse VITO Fave az any -ns been dse6.--s7
ron the army t-oss w1o have furnished srb i-uf-
-- sly ana az pc s0ls Fh may caisl exc n lfin On
any ground what YER p persons discharge =reuu--
10. - y ae ~ rom any s7ure', g'l ezcu-s him from
4-ls.dA &c az tle see app int-d
A'telien is called O. parag. -h Is sections .-f7
Genera 0-ders NJ 50 as olou-.
&c p All she laws sni r-eul1tors zpbr--,,.. o.
s-fls s'ai 90 7plie1 TO sHch eoBscrias a. fiI 10
% lie i'es n'ez- .us for srraI.lne1s. or
"lo sla er. az er enr9..meat
- Az e aEe-r.es eHp. ysd for the e-u-a hen
a--L a-- inherent { Geseriers s-d their ran u5-
20 t1e E -ands Of t1eirresIeet " c1--ulalers
-,- 'e eppA Aca9le r. fs-sons liable to g a. con
ef prs who sh9l ia to reDsir O. tae p,aes f tsudz
voas after Toe publication n e cal
colaelips VIII eons pr-osrei --ith a- ise.- t-rer
dA3H Fauons LIEUT.. 7 ID. FLETCHER
Enro lrr Qaie--
h9@-'tt q ffrugre-afrr-f fl.r..
Memphis daily appeal. [volume] (Memphis, Tenn.) 1847-1886, 1863-04-13

The YQzO0 Pass AbGHdOned-A Netc Expedition
-RunniRg ths Blockade capturing Of Rebel
Cotton Boat-Red Riycr EggIers-d dniral
FayTagHfs Flest- The ArkeRsas Rivsy.
From the Memphis Bulletin April 81
The MeCombs, Cspitola and Forest Queen,
bring later intelligence from all points of inter
est below The MeCombs and Capitola left on
Thursday, and the Forrest Queen on Faidav.
The army was in good condition and excel
lent spirits when the above mentioned steamers
left The activity was very remarkable when
compared with what was going on some days
since. Officers snd men now look forward 70
the immediate capture Of Vicksburg; or st least
to have something to do.
The Haz0o pass is abandoned for the present
Most Of the transports had come ont, and It wss
rumored that Con. Ross and Quimby had pre-
nouneed the pass 8 failure, so far as getting IN
the rear of YicksbHrg Was concerned, by that
route
The nav canal, which we have heretofore de-
scrbed, is progressing TO the entire satisfaction
Of military men. River mea seem to be Of thu
opinion that it win not be as great a suceass as
predicted. It begins IN an eddy and ends in
lake, which communicates with the Mississippi
1t wsg not completed when the Forest Q1een
left Young's peint.
The fitting ont Of new expedition. for a
point unknown, had produced considerable ex-
citement and remarks Where it was going
seemed a mystery perfectly incomprehehsible.
1t consists Of feet Of forty steamers. Cotton
Spectators predicted that its destination was
for the land Of cotton. It was said that tia
military hsd got il the possession of facts that
would result in the capture Of ten thousand
bales of cotton Those who sp below in the
cotton business are verv joyful at something. ct
least 80 says our correspondent.
Some time since permission was granted to
eerfsin number of gentlemen from the North "a
60 into the cotton picking business They en-
pioYed as many contrabsnds IS they could get
and after TIE lapse Of some weeks succeeded in
putting up about three thousand bales But
they were not satisfied with making fortune,
60 shey went into the business of smuggling.
Shortly after the cotton WIS safs through, the
governments officials were Informed Of DE facts,
The result Of which was the coB6scation Of every
bale 1t IS said the Spectators Immediately
made application to the military authorities for
Memphis daily appeal. [volume] (Memphis, Tenn.) 1847-1886, 1863-04-13
Arress Or sae ssoreraor or eb5..

Qnite q sensation was created In the cauitol
this ranrning. by fhe announcement of the ar
rest ,,=s------5r Todd, through ths instruman-
tality of that political sinner Dr. Ol6s The
indictment of Governor Todd for being a psrtv
70 flie arrest Of .Olis was returned to the Fair
field ceuniy court on last Friday, and yesterday
the warrant Was placed IN the bands Of Sheriff
Miller, who resc5ed here this noon and executed
bis mission soon RflerWard. After having been
Ia consultation with several butternuts the gov
srpor had been notified of the advent Of the
sheriff, snd hence was not uuprepared. Miller
did his business very quietly stating that i was
painful duty fer him Do perform, which Wss
doubtless said more fox Fammon tfan truth
The bill ately posed be house to authorize
arrests BY the military a1thgrlfies Of the United
States had not passed the senata, so the Gov
ernor could not. avail himself Of its provisions,
but on bis arrest he Immediately applied to
Judge GholsoR Of the supreme court for 8 writ of
abeas corpus, which was granted. The Judge
held a court IN his chamber, and the Sheriff ap-
peared before him with bis prisoner who was cd
miiled 20 bail under Che provisions Of she law Of
1911. The amount of the bail IS 81 600. The sure
ties are senstlr Qainhy of Tumbull, aus Audi
tor Taylor The Governor is required to sp
pear at the next term of tie court ID
Memphis daily appeal. [volume] (Memphis, Tenn.) 1847-1886, 1863-04-13
VOL. XIV. NO 20



/ Tbe Augusta Consttztionaiisf OF Saturday,
{ last sppears iu q half sheet The editor sa7
! The destruction Of the Bail paper mills, rom
which we derived our gUpphes Of printing pa
per. msy entail en- rs the necessity Of suspend-
ing the Issue Of ths# #COHsfiiufi0aaiist Al This
time it seems impossible TO Obtain paper from
any other source. All the paper mills Of the
Confederaey are now monopoiized TO their
I fullest capacity by press e. gagementg. Under
these eircumsf faRcss, We prefer rot 70 receive
any more subscriptions We request All per
sons contemplating remittences by mail or eC-
press 20 withhoid them af less until we cen
annoupce d@fnitaly whe'her we vii be sbla i0
cortinne the issHe of shis paper Should We b.
compelled 70 suspend. - .qj'l resume. our pub
lcstou ss saon thereafter aB prseicable J. is
wholly impossible, bovever now to make any
calculation as 10 when is ear be
These remarks apply qua'ly 20 the publica
don Of The SoHfheyn Field and Firesids.
1t would be vain for rs 10 attempt TO express
the depth Of eur regTst at this great calamity
II is one Of those terrible pr9vidsnces 70 which
we must bow, and we feel our subscribers viii
do so likewise without any other sentiment
toward Us than thst Of regret st common mis-
fortune.
Under these Circumstances We viii be com
PEELED, for the present, to publish our daily on
bali sheet, and 20 eondense or perhaps leave out
our contract advertisements.
The Macon Telegraph of AEar,isy also sppears
on half sheet The editor says:
What We baYe for a long time foreseeH and
dreaded as inevitable has come upon u.s. We
are obliged to take 10 a fragment Of s. sheet and
even then can only promise fhat it shall be as
large as possiblsA For the rsasons which impsI
this step we refer Ae reader TO an article copied
: elsewhere from the Charleston C0rrisr Of the
80 instaui-ald so stringent are they as 90 force
that old, wealthy and Influential sheet 70 q sas-
pension for a few days Nothing remains fer
us and all other C0ufsdeTass newspapers but 20
diminish our consumption 70 toe lowest possible.
limit consistent with keeping our readers sJ-
vised of current events, and this must be done
by throwing out ai standing advertisement
and restricting thst branch Of cur business fo.
the smallest possible limit
Memphis daily appeal. [volume] (Memphis, Tenn.) 1847-1886, 1863-04-13

Fairfield county, whieh commences on the lss
Of june, when he will doubtless, avsil himself
o the bill which win pass the senate in few
days, or make sn application to change tie
venue 60 the United States court. He can also
plead want Of jurisdiction, IS be has been in
Olds' county for twelve years and it is little
singular how she grand jury exercised auihori-
" 70 indict person for crime which was
committed, If at all, in another county. As
this busternut court is 10 a6journ tomorrow, it
seems as if there was some intention TO confne
the Governor IN jail until be could be released
by seme other power.
The whole affair viii doubtless end in a way
thsi win not be satisfactory to Olds nor to his
copperhead friends, who are striving to disgrace
the State through its chief executive
We gather the above particulars from the
Washington correspondent of the Cincinnati
Gqzefts. of the Sd instant
Memphis daily appeal. [volume] (Memphis, Tenn.) 1847-1886, 1863-04-13
Destruction Of Psnsaeoln.

70 tne Associated Press, North.
New YORK, April IA New Orleans letter
says the St. Mary's hall. fine hotel, and all the
dwellings In Pensacola, except Mallory's and
MAJOR Chase'si were burned The soldiers
seemed to think the entire evacuation of the
place to tho enemy was intended, and many
sswore they would burn the place On Thurs
Gay noon tires mace their appearance, and for
three days and nights the place was filed with
smoke and flames The officers tried 10 stop the
work OF destruction, but seemed to have no in
huenee over the men. Even men placed to
guefd property set il on FIRE. Col Dyer, com
mander Of the post was almost distracted and
gave orders TO shoot persons caught setting the
nres, but no one executed them Finally the
so;ng roll was beaten, and the men were got into
the navy yard and confined
Memphis daily appeal. [volume] (Memphis, Tenn.) 1847-1886, 1863-04-13
sppeal.
9RETNG EDITION.

DEPARTURES eR THE ENBHK.
The aight Of GRANT with resEly if not all Of
army from before Vicksburg, is now reduced
certainty, and the ressoas which prompted
aud tie palicy Of the movement, viii of
aurss become The a'l-abs0rbing question with
be people, until solution shan be furnished
y coming events. One important question in
= matter IS whether the movement is volun-
toar has it been supeTinduced and made
s5ssary BY important strstsgic movements o.
own troops in Tennessee, kentucky snd
snis If the lst,er hypothesis be the trus
she's hss she idea Of rejoicing or capturing
5ksbug been given up, rad the destination Of
RANT Is Tennessee and Kentucky, which arc,
Z IA an probability, the prizes to be fought for.
o. The contrary, if she movement is volun-
sry, aud not necessitsisd by movements Of car
bwn troops IN the above named States, then, IN
or opinion, It is only change Of plan for The
,siuetion Of Jackson Vieksburg and Port
Hudson, BY g eiTcuitous march BY the way Of
Corinth ts Columbus and MeridisD. GRANT
can easily and rapidly concentrate his army at
r'-rlnfh By way both Of tie Memphis and
arleston railroad and the Tennssses river.
l1e there, there being no force Of Consequence
:, oppose his progress, be eould IS rapidly ad-
sros souihwsrd upon Columbus, thence 70
Meridian, ani thus effactaslly necessitsts the
svscus.ioa Of both vieksburg and Port Hud-
son without q battle This. We think,
would require q larger force than he has
st his command, as in SO long a line frem
C0rlnth to Msridian, he would necessarily leave
bis rsar greatly exposed. His line would be
liable to be cut BY small esvslTy force at every
aoint Hence we arc inclined TO the opinion
otat Tennessee is his destination, where he wiz
% operate with RosECRASs in an effort to over I
--7w JOHNSTON. At al events, whatever
n 3 MS purposes may be, soms great strategic
'T7a sment is on hand, and the public viii Eeces-
9s4 ly look forward to its solution with deep in
rest and solieituds A few weeks VIII solve
50 question.
Memphis daily appeal. [volume] (Memphis, Tenn.) 1847-1886, 1863-04-13

by government, gives neither aid nor sympathy,
nor even-hsnded justice; that President Davis
IS compelled 70 draw g distinction between the
two great European powers disad dvanfageous b
that c0untry % which The blood and feelings Of
the Sonihera people led them 6rst 10 lock with
hope and affection; that it is the hand Of France
and not ST England which Is expected to *
tend assistance OK recognition TO q people Of
English race and speech, fighting for those
rights which they eaFned from their Eng g'ish
snce tors to bold sacred against an enenv who
is also the enemy Of England. Of civilization,
and af hunanirQ
Memphis daily appeal. [volume] (Memphis, Tenn.) 1847-1886, 1863-04-13

The movements Of The enemy st Memphis are
jest now Of interest, as nom tbai point he viii
commence TO develop bis next plan to open the
Mississippi" That some conclusion has been
arrived at Is evident Our spseisl reports have
indicated unusual movements for seversl days,
and we understand other intelligence has been
received in the proper quarter Gentlemen
from near Memphis report Inst the guards along
TIE Memphis and Charleston railroad have been
greatly strengthened Also that oa She 7th
inss., q large wagon train starred east from the
city, loaded with tents. It's, therefore evident
that they intend 70 protect the rallfoaa 70 Cor
iath for their ov-n use, and that troops are to Re
sent out at once, for whom tie tents are des-
tined, lhere car be no doubt We expect soon
to end opposing armies sgain congEegated ct
Tupelo and CorBih.
Memphis daily appeal. [volume] (Memphis, Tenn.) 1847-1886, 1863-04-13
THE young w1DOw.

She is modest, she is bashfui.
Frea and easy, but not bold
Like an spplei ripe and mellow
Not too young, and not too or
Half inviting half repulsing.
Now advaaei7g g. and now shy,
There is mischief in her dimDie,
There is danger in her eye.
She has stud1ied human nature.
She is schoolsd in -l her arts,
She has taken her diploma
As the mistress Of an hearts.
She can tell the very moment
When to sigh snd when TO smile;
Oh a maid is sometimes charming.
But a widow all the while
You are sad how very serious
VIII her handsome face become
Arc you angry she IS wrstched.
Lonely, frisadless. fearful dumb.
Are yOu mirthful { how her laughter.
Silver soundiag &, viii ring ont;
She canlu lure, and catch, aud play you
As the angler does the trout
Ys Old bachelors Of f8rty
Who have grown 20 bold and wise.
Young Americans Of fweuty.
With your l0rei0oks 10 your ewes.
You may prac ice all the lessons
Taugat BY Cupid since the fall.
But I know g little widow.
Who could win and fool you All.
Memphis daily appeal. [volume] (Memphis, Tenn.) 1847-1886, 1863-04-13
Movements on rhe Cumborlana.

10 tls lassuelhIed Ffes5 NoftlI
LOUISVILLE, April Sat Clarksvills, last
night, the steamers Eclipse and Lizzie Martin
were fred into below here on the Cumberland.
Both escaped Several more boats are below.
The LumiDaTy is safe at Fort Donelson The
gunboat st. Clair engaged the enemy, and was
crippled. but was repaired to-day at Fort Don
elson. The Glasgow arrived with guns this
evening, She was fred into at Harpelh shoals,
and the pilot and several Of the crew were
slightly wounded.
The Democrats correspondent says the rebels
under Van Dorm are attempting to flank Rose
Grams on the left and we're crossing the river at
Palmyra. Il thinks Van Dorm has 8 heavy sup
ply Of artillery, and apprshends the movement
IS aimed against Kentucky
Memphis daily appeal. [volume] (Memphis, Tenn.) 1847-1886, 1863-04-13

masses. The weather was getting too hot for
them in the vicinity of VieksbuTg
A few days since Admiral Farregut eommu-
nicsted to Admiral Porter, that he wanted lum-
Der to rspsir bis steamers lying between Vicks-
burg and Port Hudson As soon ss possible a
sdummie'' was fitted out with everything neces-
ssry, and set ahoat. As she approached tbe
rebel batteries, fire was opened upon her, but
Safety was her motto. She went safely by
and was picked up below BY one Of the feet
The rebels wasted over a hundred rounds On
her
up the Arkansas liver, supposed to be the Con
federste guubost Livingston. II ia rumored
that small expedition was ready to proceed up
that river to capture that steamer Success to
the expedition, say we. Il wss believed that
Admiral FarTagut bad four steamers below Yicks-
burg. but the names were not Known.
Memphis daily appeal. [volume] (Memphis, Tenn.) 1847-1886, 1863-04-13

n We 90 not remember b hsvs eEDeriers.-I
for years so variable or 60 cold a spring a. he
present The changes, too, ere So sudden and
extreme that they take even the Wealherwfss bv
surprise, at noontide basking 70 genial sun. as
eve shivering from the northeast blasts We
presume another change is at hand. when the
sun viii again send his warm beams through
our present rather bleak atmosphere-N o
PicagN7e, 5h.
Memphis daily appeal. [volume] (Memphis, Tenn.) 1847-1886, 1863-04-13

~ The New York Herald, Of the l4ih, states
that the policy Of the Federal government, with
reference to cotton and other Southern proiuc-
tons, has 81 last been fixed. 1t has been sab
mitied to Cabinet consultation, and inally
agreed upon. Agents OF the government are to
give certificates Of receipt of such goods IS may
be voluntarily Surrendered BY parties in the
Coniederaey, and special permits to purchase,
are to be ISSUED to loyal persons. Permits wiz
dssigosss the particular localities in which they
are 70 be used.
Memphis daily appeal. [volume] (Memphis, Tenn.) 1847-1886, 1863-04-13

~ The Memphis Bulletin, Of the s.h, mem
tions 5 report prevailing in that city, Of the
death Of Col. J. FL MeMshon. Our inlorma-
ton from him is direct mp to yesterday morn
ing. He Is very low, but has lain several days
without anF psIcephbIs chance.
Memphis daily appeal. [volume] (Memphis, Tenn.) 1847-1886, 1863-04-13

n Rhode Island, Maine and lows are the
only States as yet which have signiisd to the
Washington land Office their acceptance of the
grsnis Of land g lie several States for the ss-
Esblishmeni Of agricuituFal colleges.
Memphis daily appeal. [volume] (Memphis, Tenn.) 1847-1886, 1863-04-13

n It is announced that new regulations for
trade along the border are to be issued by the
TresHuIy Department at Washington. A tax
Of twenty dollars Is to be laid on every bale Of
cotton brought out by private enterprise. Gov
enment agents are TO Be appointed 70 take
charge Of al cotton taken By the army, OF
brought 10 by army officers.
Memphis daily appeal. [volume] (Memphis, Tenn.) 1847-1886, 1863-04-13

At 8 church collection for missions, the
preacher said Ny Chrislisn brethren, let me
caution those Of you who put in buttons, net
to break of The eyes Il spoils them for use,
and they will NOS pass amOng the hea.hens f5r
coin
Memphis daily appeal. [volume] (Memphis, Tenn.) 1847-1886, 1863-04-13

~ The MISSOURI Legislature adjourned On
tbe ga, to meet again ia November. Nothing
was dene to settle the emancipation question,
which IT is expected, the State convention wiz
bettls st It's meeting in July.
Memphis daily appeal. [volume] (Memphis, Tenn.) 1847-1886, 1863-04-13
MONDAY, APRIL ls, 1868

counter it, and while there are other fields where
the supplies which reach he rebels from Texas
may be stopped
Memphis daily appeal. [volume] (Memphis, Tenn.) 1847-1886, 1863-04-13
nyEEmK's moYEMRNTs on THE

SEyFtRn RIg EIEK'a NOV @ EWRNTA on TAAE
II Is now positively certain that GRANT hiss
p. adrawu his forces fTom both the YsEoo pass
and Deer creek expeditions, to the Mississippi.
? The most direct information gathered from 81
sources gives assurance Of the fact On the 9th
+ his second exploring psrty-was on Black bayou,
4 Only si1 miles from tke nver, and engaged in
laying the whole country waste on the route Of
retreat That the Yszoo psss adventurers are
also trying to make coed their escape, continues
20 be reported, and as they fan back the eOun-
try is rsvsgsd. The people viii long hsye cause
10 remember the presence Of the Yankees among
: fhem.
Tbat they have OF viii move the whole Of
= = heiT amy from IN front Of Ylcksburg. it would
!. be uBvise 70 believe, but that many Of them
have gone up, las been definitely ascertsine5.
! Our scouts report at Grensda, that .ise trsns-
ports with cavalry. conveyed by two gunboats,
passed. up On the 7sh, and on the evening of the
same dsy, nineteen tFsnspoTts with infantry.
also went up. Forty transports preceded them
On the previous FTidsy and Saturday, loaded
down wiih freight, etc, but no troops Where
re disappointed towards are destined, can Of
esurse only be eorjsctursd
Memphis daily appeal. [volume] (Memphis, Tenn.) 1847-1886, 1863-04-13

n The Chicago Past says lhe testimony be-
fore the Mcdowell military commission, in ST..
Louis, has already developed lhe fact that three
Officers Of General Curtis stsf were engaged
in buyiag cotton at Helena When it is known
that Curtis staff embraced nearly all bis family
relations, it may be inferred by whose authority
and whose account they were engaged in cotton
speculation