The New York herald., 1863-12-19

might be concoaed by learned srgon that cou
unmask ana pture thOm. And 10 elect this conceal
ment no dragged his help what you have heard s.
much aoout, under the name OF "Joules eluiyaent,
aud by which no pro poses up James Wait and
Msriotte instead OF by IN, old trick the imperec
combustion Of coal In the furnaces which exploded
lie has besides these a halt dozen other weapons no
yet brought into use, which, when this battery spiked
Now ain explain this sin pie matter to you, as il Il
lust nov much talked OF in the world, aud bit itlt
understood h had been supposed, long ago, by pro
fouuo thinkers. that there somewhere IN the uni
verse a standard by which al the causes
effects seen ~ ply scal phenomena might se brought &
some common unit, Just as all the thinss We buy anC
are brought 10 the STANDARD OF pound weight
pint measure br. Mayer aud Rdmiord investigated the
question with great ehect, and they ascerained
very osey tue true ratio watch exists between motion
and heat; BIT was let for MIR. Joue, careful and ia
bnrious experimener 10 fix with precis the standard
aud TO give his name TO the fact thus ascertned Inc
phrase, "Joue' eluiyalent,N signifies that MIR.
Jouio discovered that the mechanical power required TO
hit seven hundred and seventy two pounds loot hlgh
was the equiidien OF the heat required to raise the TEN
perate pound OF water degree OF tahrenheit
and that all IL This beautiful discovery the
first step IN the great pathway OF light by which man,
created in the image OF his maker, viii some day dis
cover the hidden Inks which bind US together and
VIII be able TO scentllcay, as win poelcAl llspi
ration the poet hath tod US
Az are but parts stupendous WHOLE
Whose bo ~ nature Is, and God the soul;
TIA changed through ali, and yet in al! The same,
Great IN tne earth as in the. the ethereal ., ; frame;
1lo"s in the stars and bl ssoms in the trees;
Lives ,nio lsh al NE extends .oroagh all extent
BreatAes in our soul. informs our mortal part,
Ar full AS perfect in hair heart;
A. fu as perfect in vile that nourns.
A AZ The The rapt seTaph that adores and burns
lie Nils, He bounds coanects and equals ALL"
From this discovery OF Joue many erroneous conclu-
scns have beeu drawn. among which is the assumption
tha because heat power found be equyae ent
20 each other in certain ratio therefore that one s
vertod or transmitted into other This is any
more than II s true that when roll OF greenbacks dis
appears out OF your pocket and barrel OF flour
IN your kitchen, the greenbacks transmitted into
hour They are the equivaent OF tour and you buy
Hour with ,nem but you can't "transmute' them iuto
nour,
sherwood however, considered that this subject
was ltte "cOntusei aad mixed up like hs book he
might use 1t AS cloak 10 cover his new Juggle and
asserted that, in iuence OF JOues equvaent the
steam IN All engine Condensed INTO water lost,
and that therefore there benefit ausIoa. in
his nrst BOOK there Tor this the0ry, for
already he had used up all the benefit oi expansion
by other devices oi his active maginaton and although
he knew OF Joue when he that book he did
sign 10 hm any OF ms losses for II he had would have
than used up ali the benefits and lett poor Watt
the minority entirely But when spoiled his trst work
he produced Joule to fiji up the ranks, Just fresh
reGlmen Is brought forward, after crushing discharge
OF artillery, to carry on the fight.
And OPENS chapter o. barefaced fraud which has
precedent IN tho history the world in this depart.
men swiudng In this book IL appears that this lei
low by deliberate false entries, with an entire
knowledge Of their intention and effect, simply 'forced
the baiauces, and wiully published the fraud the
word-pIbiished 1t under the sanction OF the great peo
pie oil the United states OF America, and under this i'm
posing ttlo-
Researches IN Steam By Chief
the Bureau OF Steam Engineering Navy Department. &c
perments o. he Un'sd states Navy Department
In this book be attempts to retrieve his falling cause
assens more ooiu than ever that tnere ls no prac
tica benefit IN expansion. read bis own statement or
It's object Up. 15):-
large portion Of the volume is devoted to experiments
Of measures OF expansion These
% s d s nsof Of % ss Ms
measures OF expansion according to the hypothetical
css1%s that reformer exposes hmsef e 70 the the
usual iaexven by .he worshpper OF an toon Jorso those
nevertheless
properly examined, subject
truth IT iailacy this Q. .pecation can
an made BY .ss .%s ease ~
o,n @ & ,s :. fr M tf ni !ary wi BE- found in the fol
the relative ieoc.ica seonoay % n sarpSr.
engine sh oin
measures OF expansion under normal conditions
Was there ever anything more than tbatY Who
would expect To have forgery passed OF him under
such All Introduction Yet that is just what is done
Before coming to his table, however he yet some
pages 10 sun further aaying suspicion. and finally thus
States his results
It's Interesting however to know tha, with pressure
gnes and with the engne properly proportoned
te steam Tvs advantageous point cutting (one-
fourth OF the stroke Of the piston from its
when cutting II on at wohirus OF the stroke Of the
VITA an expansion OF times Is theo,etica only seven
sn esn ssa srss @ ps seu % 0,e
Iraoeas there mus, be made from this and
wen .no"S ma sn:,deraIiy srea!eI
leaving dcuDfuI gain loss wilhbe pl%a,saiy
stroke of the piston from the conme and making
II certain that the difference upon either side will be prac
cslly ihs gnihcAnt
This is pain declaration that no gain Of Importance
can ot expansion by cutug oil at less than two
thirds OF the stroke OF the piston and that the
Leory shown BY the accompanying table, will prove
the position lhen follows the Table, which of course
but ow meu would attempt 10 dssect after so bold an
o. It's contents, and OF its simplicity: but which,
as you have seen, Is plain forgery 1t commences by
R,ius twelve columns OF hgures purportng 90 state
the dercnt values Of expanding steam, at their
different 1tes Of expansion and the frat
the cdon ~ smut at onetweth OF the stroke while tho
last the to follow the piston
boiler Tor the entire stroke without auy cutoff Inter
mediate various other rates OF cutoff but Will
only the extremes 10 avoid Confusion.
Now, By the law Of Mariote, steam expanding twelve
tmes, should give three aud hall times much power
from pound vi coal AS Il would do II It were not
panded mat 10 equaze balance these columns
1t Is necessary to destroy twice and half Of the total
power OF unoXpanded steam which twelve expansions
produce THIS task did not appal this acting
ppon the theory that "paper wiz not refuse ink " he
lorrna trogble. Ihe hrst sraud the table
I'm assa!elng that the clearance and uozzles' OF
twelve fool Stroke engine equal TO one foot OF
;he stroke OF inc piston when uery M
sandg he had that these clearances we're of
he reduces the economy OF expansion about
twenty pcr cont But pass that, II Is only the petty
account set OF books where balances are forced
thousands and the money has been stolen The first
grand the fourth line of the table where
be proposes TO make this reduction:-
centum OF steam entering the cylinder condensed 10
furnish the heat transmitted into the total power Of the
engine
Nov Isherwood knew ar.t tha, In theory there WAS
30 such coUdensation and secondly, that IN practice
there was none. Inc true theory, founded upon the
research a watt bariotte aud Regnaut ~, that steam
when expands instead OF growing cColcr IN proportion
TO is pressure condonsing grows hotter or TO use
tho term science, II ''superhsated" This sherwood
know an well did when he asserted the contrary In
THIS table ana ssexaIDiued him on bis knowledge
! read the questions aud aaswers-
Issk you the ample question whether Regnaut has
no stated IN his that the expanding steam In
place o! cooling II superheats t A NO, sir ne has MOI
stated 4 a v any mere IA bus memoir -
u Now think awhile. Did not he state that In conse
uencs that there heat In high steam than
expand from the higher TO the lower
nbcrAts OF heat and that IL tnen
upon with which u mingled 10 super
heA, M A. lie does that anywhere.
OF COURSE ~ in the former had but TO turn
bis book TO convict him deliberate fasehood, and
read Il 70 you (p. l25)-
The Of Kegnault have determined that thu
total increases with It's PRESSURE consequent
i when weight of steam is espanded-- e, 20
duced higher 10 lower pressure-tnere less hes
required maintain 1t IN the vaprOus form hAn peVe az
,,Vg Sifh, indeed