The Cecil Whig. [volume] (Elkton, Md.) 1841-current, 1863-04-04

S6SS, 440 ,093, than the value of all the
slaves of Virginia. But the whole area
of Virginia is 1926, $50 acres, deduct
ing from which, tie farm lands, there
remain unoccupicd S,250,330 acres
Now, if (as would be in the acsence of
slavcry,) the population per square mile
of Virginia equalled that of Pennsylva-
mia, thrce-ff his of these lands would
have been occupied as farms, viz, f.
9oO,l9S, which, at the Pennsylvania
value per acre, would have been worth
SlSS, 207 ,524. Deduct from this their
present average value of s. per acre,
S9,S00,39G, and the remainder, Sl7S,-
407, l2S, is the sum by which the unoc-
cupied lands of Virginia, converted into
farms, would have been increased in
value Ivy emancipation. Add this to
the enhanced value of their present
farms, and the result is $l,014, 1O6,72l
as the gain, on this basis, of Virginia in
the value of her lands, by emancipation.
TO these We should add the increased
value Of town and city lots and improve
ments, and Of personal property, and,
with emancipation, Virginia would now
have an augmented wealth of at least
one billion and half of dollars.
The earnings of commerce are not
given IN the Census Tables, which
would vastly increase the difference in
the value of their annual products in
favor Of Pennsylvania as compared with
Virginia. These earnings include all
not embraced under The heads of agricul-
ure, manufac ures, the mines, and fish
cries. Let US examine some of these
sta istics.
RAILROADS. The number of miles of
railroads in operation in Pennsylvania in
1850, including city roads, was $780,
10 miles, costing Sl47 ,2S3,4l0 and in
Virginia, l,11l miles, costing So, 1885,
S07. The annual value of the freight
carried on these roads is estimate at
$780, 10000 more in Pennsylvania than
IN Virginia, and the passenger account
would still more increase the disparity.
CANALs.-Thc number of miles of
canals in Pennsylvania in 1860 was
300, and their cost, SD, 1000. In
Virginia the number of miles was IFS,
and the cos, S77,Sl7O0 The est-
mated value of freight on the Pennsyl-
vauia canals is ten times that of the
freight on the Virginia canals.
ToNNAGE.-The tonnage of vessels
built in Pennsylvania in 1860 was 2l,-
Gl5 IONS, and in Virginia, 1912.
BASKs.-The number of banks in
Pennsylvania in 1860 was 90; capital
$50, 5G5, $50 ; loans, $50, 1927, 1877 spc-
Gle, SS,31S,474 circulation, Sl3, l23,-
500: deposits, S26, 167, lab and in
Virginia the number was G5 capital,
$4,000, 1876 : loans, $24, 975,792 spc-
Gle S2,943,G52 ; circula ion, $9,Sl2,-
1877: deposits, S7,729,G52.
EXPORTS AND IMPORTS, ETc.-Our
expors abroad from Pennsylvania, for
he fiscal year ending Both June, 1860,
and foreign imports, were of the value
Of $50, 2G2,GOs. The clearanccs, same
year, from Pennsylvania, and entries
were 336,SlS tons. In Virginia the ex-
ports the same year, and foreign imports
we're of the value of S7,ls4,273 clear
anccs and entries, IT'S, 10 tons. Rcve-
nue. from customs, same year, in Penn
sylvania, s., 1902, 1874, and in Virginia,
SlS9,SlG: or more than twelve to one
in favor of Pennsylvania. No returns
are given for the coastwise and internal
trade of either State but the railway
and canal transportation Of both States
shows difference of ten to one in favor
of Pennsylvania. And yet, Virginia, as
we have seen, had much greater natural
advantages than Pennsylvania for COM
mcrce, foreign and in ernal, her shore
line up 10 head of tide. water being
l,57l miles: and Pennsylvania only 60
miles.
We have seen thai, exclusive of COM
lnerce, the products of Pennsylvania ii
1860 were of the value of $39S, $780,
GOO, or Sl37 per capita; and in Vir-
glnia, Sl20, 900, 900, or $75 per capita.
Bus, If We add the earnings of commerce,
the products Of Pcnnsy lvania must have
exceeded those of Virginia much more
than four to one, and have reached, per
capi a, nearly three to one. What but
slavery could have produced such amaz-
ing resuls1 Indeed, when we see the
same effects in all the Free States as
compared wi b all the Slave States, and
in any of The Slave states, as compared
with any of the Free States, the uni
tormity of resul Is establishes the law
beyond all controversy, that slavery
re ards immensely the progress of werlth
and population.
That the Tariff has produced none of
these results, is shown by the fact that
the agriculture and commerce of Penn
sylvana vas ly exceed those of Virginia,
and yet these are the interests supposed
to'be most injuriously affected by high
tariffs. But there is i'll more conclu-
sive proof. The year 1924 was the
commencement of the era Of high tariffs,
and ycf, from 1890 to 1920, as proved
by the Census, the percentage of in
crease of Pennsylvania over Virginia
was greater than from 1920 to 1860.
Having shown how much the material
progress of Virginia has been re'ardcd
by slavery, let US now consider its
effect upon her moral and Intellectual
development.
NEWSPAPERS AND Periodicals.
The number of newspapers and periodl-
Gals in Pennsylvania in 1860 was 367,