davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Cleveland morning leader. [volume] (Cleveland [Ohio]) 1854-1865, 1863-03-28

To THE CoLoRED MEN. OF 0HIo.-I have
bean in Washington for the last twenty Eve
days trying to learn if cOlored troops were to
be used, and if SO, to apply fer authority to
raise one or more regiments. Being en-
eouraged by Senators Sherman, Sumner,
Pomeroy, Lane, Secretary Chase, and others,
I fled an application, but could not get
definite answer. But through the kindness
and influence of Judge spauIding. am per-
mitted to say that the Secretary of War said
that within thirty days a camp will be es-
tablished at Harper's Ferry, for the recep-
ton of eoIored troops, where they will be
organized and drilled by competent persons,
nor did he have any objection to its being
made known. 1 am advised by high au-
thority to go through the State and get the
names of the members of the eolored compa-
mics now organized who are willing to enlist,
and assist in organizing others. May not
hope to have the hearty cooperation Of all
true lovers Of freedom think it need but
to be mentioned to cause every patriotic
heart to beat with hope. COIored men Of
Ohio, no,o or never is the time to give the
lie to the fell imprecations of your enemies,
exhibit your loyalty to the Government, and
prove to the world that you can make 5raOe
and efficient soldiers. believe you will
prove yourselves equal to the greatness Of
the event. I expect to be with you in the
camp, and on the field, and if fate deerseS
it to die with You, with our faces to the foe.
JOHN C. MCLEOD.
Papers throughout the State viii please
copy this notice. - 0-t -
Cleveland morning leader. [volume] (Cleveland [Ohio]) 1854-1865, 1863-03-28
Accidents at the Marriage of the
srf Prince Of Wales.
N MATTERS y IN IN 2 E. KENTUCKY -lNE
A Heavy Rebel Force Believed
stalaaaa TO be Advancing. I
FREsIIET IN THE HUDSON.
Great estrueliOn of Property
r NBWs FROM NEW YORK.
The Tribune has the following

. = 10 o. " -.- .
SToEEMAE's STATION, VIRGINIA, I @
March 26.
Reports came in thick and fast yester-
day to the effect that the enemy were in
force on our right flank, but on investiga-
tion il proved there was no cause for alarm
in that direction, only a few prowIing
scents had been discovered The real cause
Of the excitement was the appearance Of
heavy bodies Of the enemys infantry on
the South side Of the Rappahannock at
Banks and United States fOrds, with an
evident purpose of preventing our cross
ing the river at those points. The wealth
er is stormy and unpleasant. %
The Tribune's Washing glon special states
that several good Union inhabitants Of
Fairfax c. H., who have for some time
been regarded as wolves in sleeps cloth
ing, were arrested last night by order of
the Provost Marshal Of Fairfax Church.
The arrest Of other persons claiming to
be loyal would, it is believed, break up an
organized band Of citizen spies and ma
RAIDERS. One Of the persons arrested is
charged with having smuggled clothing
boots and shoes and other necessaries Of
life, through our linesto Capt. Mosley and
his troops, also with furnishing informa-
ton. -e5r -a- d
Efforts have been made to-day at head
quarters to obtain an Ineligible state
meut of the military situation on the Mis-
sissippi, but repeated kilograms of inquiry
elicit no answer. Itis hoped that Farra-
gut has passed Port Hudson with his fleet,
as the latest dispatch, concurring with
that from Baton. Rouge, states. 1t is also
hoped that Admiral Porter is in the Yazoo,
though the route by which he is said to
have got there is not easy to trace -.
The Times special states that the editor
Of the Alexandria News and a clerk in the
Provost MaFshars Office in that city, were
tried yesterday for publishing the roster
Of the troops in this department, found
guilty, and sentenced, the first to one year
and the second to three years hard labor.
IN reference to Charleston the Rich
mond papers say that the authorities and
citizens are resolved to defend that city
under every extremity in case Of bonn
bardmeEs; places of refuge have been pro-
vided for non-combatants. The mere run
ming of our forts by iron clads will
amount to but little unless they could
bring their men on transports. They
could at most do nothing more than shell
the city while their ammunition lasted
The Charleston Courier Of the 18th states
that the British steamer Calypso from
Nassau was discovered and chased by the
bloekaders but succeeded in escaping and
arrived here yesterday.
Cleveland morning leader. [volume] (Cleveland [Ohio]) 1854-1865, 1863-03-28
The Invasion Of Kentucky.

A Lexington Ky. letter Of The 25lh to
the Cincinnati Gazette thus calculates the
chances of the rebels in their new inya-
sion Of Kentucky, which at present looks
formidable:
p" Amid all the confusion and excitement
the utmost confidence is felt by every one
in the ability Of our military 70 defend
Northern Kentucky. The rebels will
scarcely be able to cross the Kentucky,
and if they should will repent it. l do
not know if it be eontraband or not, but
Lexington is fortified, and whilst man
remains on foot to pull a trigger, old Iron
Sam is not the man 10 eVacuate.
al cannot even enumerate the rumors-
some with and some without foundation.
The report that Danville and Richmond
are burned is untrue. There were no rebel
troops at Richmond this morning All the
rebel forces now north of the Cumberland
cannot exceed 1000 and reliable scouts
estimate it at 8 800. They are quick and
desperate, and fully make up in activity
what they lack in numbers. If our rein
forcements expected arrive in any reason
able time, we have no cause for doubt as TO
a favorable result" 4
Cleveland morning leader. [volume] (Cleveland [Ohio]) 1854-1865, 1863-03-28


&c acrcs good greps land IL miles from Sandn-ky. 20
50 acres good timbered land well located in WOCd Co
half mile from saw and griaJ mill
Alsn 40 acres in Por er 90 Ind, wi exchange for
hOuse aud lot in City, or small farm. 4i
House and about Two acres IN Berea fruit &C. 81 fO1
GoOl Br!c house and q acres choice land N Cola
Iner. Euclid road, 5000, OF will self the house
and acres Too $500. ..- a..
Two Houses aUd lots on Ohio street, 10 rooms elch
Thee Houses AID lots on Lake tr ct, ear PIttsrnEg
x Il Mach ne she D. IIic= $ 0, $50 AID 81 ,3U0.
House and lot on websIer-sf 81 go OF wi exchange
Kiasman ST., near Forest, good tWO-stOIy frame
hsu'e, 10 room, large lot, with fruit aad shrub
berry t3,J01.
Three housss and lots On Lake-st ngar Pittsbareh
Il. Il. Machine Shops, pricB $500 gyisl Al d sI2eO.
House and lot on Nebster-.t-, 5 .l50, Will eX-
change Tor a small farm. ~
KinsmRn-st., near Forest, COED tEo-st6ry fraaie
house, 10 rooms, large lot, with fruit aRd shrub
berry 50 20.
Two houses aud lots on Huhtington-st. near Pros
poet g 800 Tor both, or one for e. 2O0. -a.
Brick house and lot IN EaTpOrt, house s rooms,
pleasantly loca'ed, good fruit, exchanged for
western land with Vucash- .r ..-.r..- .-.
Houss and lot on ScOyill st., 81 zoo.
House and let on MuirsOn-st., hOuse 2 stories, 10
looms, Sl7O0. 'tED
House and lot on Hill-st with grocery house, two
stories, rooms, 81 ,OOl or VIII exehang-f9 for
Mui5son-si-Large two story House aud Lot vita
Barn. - .-..-... r+.,.t
a5ge Brick House in good style with water and gas
aud LOT 5Oxl50 feet, kinsman near Erie st.
Cleveland morning leader. [volume] (Cleveland [Ohio]) 1854-1865, 1863-03-28

EXHIBITION FOR THE BENEFIT OF THE AID
SocIETY.-Groen, the Photographic, has been
preparing a splendid room on the same floor
with his present rooms, for Photographic
purposes. It is forty feet by eighteen feet,
and about sixteen feet high,-well lighted
by skylight. He has donated the use Of
the room, when it is completed, for an exbi-
tiOn of paintings, an admission fee to be
charged and the proceeds to be given to the
Soldiers Aid Society. It is well known that
great number of valuable paintings are
owned in this city. If they could be collect
ed together in gallery and exhibited to the
public, an admission fec of 25 conts being
charged, substantial sum might be realized.
Mr.. Green is now in New York, purchasing
new material for his business. On his return
the scheme above alluded to viii be carried
into effect. lI#
Cleveland morning leader. [volume] (Cleveland [Ohio]) 1854-1865, 1863-03-28
FOREIGN ARRIVAL.

PORTLAND, March q.
The Bohemian from Liverpool the 18th
and Londonderry the 18th, has arrived,
bringing one days later news.
Cotton closed half penny advance in a
week. Breadstuffs were nominal. Wheat
firmer. Corn hsd an advancing tendency.
Provisions were dull.
COnsols 92I for money. sf
During the wedding ceremonies 81 the
Prince of Woles aeVen women were crush
ed to death, and upwards of 100 persons
had their limbs broken. Several riots oc-
CURED, and the streets had to be cleared
several times by soldiers at the point of
the hayonet. --.
Steamer pirate Alabama had been spo-
ken by an English vessel and reported
having destroyed "a American vessels.
Cleveland morning leader. [volume] (Cleveland [Ohio]) 1854-1865, 1863-03-28

SOLDIERS IN THE U. S. HosPITAL.-We
learn from Chaplain Beatty that there are at
present one hundred and seventy three pa
tients in the hospital, all doing well. Here
after the sick soldiers are to be sent to the
hospitals nearest their homes. This is good
decision, not only for the men, but for their
relations and friends. 1t will afford their
friends better opportunity Of administering
to their wants-furnishing them with cloth
ing, eatables and other things they would be
deprived of at 4 long distance from friends
and home. About hundred and fifty more
patients are expected at the United States
Hospital in few days.
Cleveland morning leader. [volume] (Cleveland [Ohio]) 1854-1865, 1863-03-28

"The women and children are almost
without clothes. Cotton cards cannot be
had at any price. While the women had
these they made cotton yarn, which they
spun into coarse cloth, which answered
very well. That source of supply, like al
most everything else, has been cut off,
These poor, hungry, balf-elothed women
and children, having been deprived of their
natural protectors by the inexorable con
seriptiOn law, now wander about from
place to place, subject to all the jeers and
insults Of the rich, who are known to en-
terrain great contempt for poor white
Trash ~
Cleveland morning leader. [volume] (Cleveland [Ohio]) 1854-1865, 1863-03-28
More Southern Horrors--Fhe Rebel BON.
knn.

More Southern H0Tr0rs--The Rebel Bom-
hnG.
A Murfreesboro' dispatch to the Gincin-
natl Commercial says that private SOL
dier just returned from captivity in the
South states that he was subjected to most
atroeious treatment in the rebel prison
He was captured in april OF last year, and
was sent TO Chattanooga, where he was
thrown into a dungeon only ten feet
square, in which were confined twenty-one
soldiers Of the 2d, 2fst and 28d Ohio In
faniry Regiments. The latter had been
sentenced to be shot.
Eight were subsequently hung at At
ldhts. Previous to their execution they
were kept in chains, handcuffed and locked
to each others necks by heavy iron pad
locks. The prisoners were fed twice day
on tolerably good bread, spoiled beef and
coffee made Of cane seed From Chatts-
nooga he was taken to Knoxville and con-
fined in an iron cage; thence he was re-
moved 70 Mobile, and again in succession
to Tuscaloosa and Montgomery.
Having taken sick with typhoid fever,
the prisoner was denied medical aid, and
for twelve days was compelled to live on
the deck Of a steamboat, with nothing to
eat but common bread and beef which had
been packed five years at Montgomery
The rebels barbarOusly shot down the Fed
eral soldiers in their charge for the most
triHing offenses. During the whole of his
captivity, the prisoners suffered the most
unspeakable horrors. a--s talI
Cleveland morning leader. [volume] (Cleveland [Ohio]) 1854-1865, 1863-03-28
CLEVELAND SATURDAY. MORNING, MARCH 28 1863.

ARREST oFAN ENBEzzLER.-Y Yesterday Dep
uty United States Marshal c. W. Merton ar
rived in the city, having in custody Joseph
Perry, charged with embezzIing money from
4 letter received at the Porrysburgh Wood
county, PostOfice, in which he was a clerk,
in October last. It is charged that he alb
stracted a $50 Treasury note from the letter.
Shortly after the robbery was committed he
was arrested on State warrant, but the
matter was hushed up by Perry paying back
the $50 and the costs of the arrest. He then
left town. Deputy United States Marshall
Norton Of Perrysburgh has been upon his
track since, and on the 25th inst. nc arrested
him at Hamilton, Butler county. He wiz
have an examination on the 9th Of April.
Cleveland morning leader. [volume] (Cleveland [Ohio]) 1854-1865, 1863-03-28

CINCINNATI; March 20.
The rebel force in Kentucky is believed
TO be about 5000, under General Pegram.
No apprehensions are felt for the safety Of
Lexington.
kilograms in late rebel papers indicate
that Longstreet with large army, is
pushing rapidly into Kentucky.
Two men were arrested yesterday in In
dianapolis for cheering for JEFF. Davis.
Cleveland morning leader. [volume] (Cleveland [Ohio]) 1854-1865, 1863-03-28

To TOBACCo GROwERs.-James Mossman,
of Westerville, franklin county, Ohio, has
just issued pamphlet, describing the best
plans Of cultivating and process Of curing
tobacco, harvesting &c. This work ought to
be in the hands Of all who contemplate cuI-
tivating tobacco. tits one Of the most prof
table of crops, and does vol in this State,
but from want of proper knowledge out
side of the slave States, little attention
has been given 70 raising it. ..---- /.
Cleveland morning leader. [volume] (Cleveland [Ohio]) 1854-1865, 1863-03-28

ALBANY, March 81.
Yesterday the ice in front of the city
broke up and lodged on the sand bars, be
low. The docks and piers are ten feet IN
der water, One thousand feet Of railroad
track between East Albany and Troy was
washed away.
The Southern mail was taken across the
river last night The mails left by way
Of Schenectady, and will be in New York
at 4 o'clock P. N. The water today has
fell Is inches. H-
Cleveland morning leader. [volume] (Cleveland [Ohio]) 1854-1865, 1863-03-28
~ The Meadville Republican states tha

taz The Meadville Republican states that a
panther has been seen several times re-
Gently in the neighbOrhOoa Of the road
leading from COchrantOn to the Mercer
and MeadVille turnpike. On Thursday, of
last week, Mr.. Wm. Little, of Fairfield
township, was passing along the road on
horseback, when his horse took fright at
something, and looking for the cause, Mr..
L. saw the panther make ready for a
spring. He gave his horse the rein, and
after race of half mile, the panther
gave up pursuit, and started off in
the direction Of Conneaut Marsh. The
old hunters of that vicinity should turn
Z ont and exterminate the animal.
Cleveland morning leader. [volume] (Cleveland [Ohio]) 1854-1865, 1863-03-28
-.Lo 20 ollI.sH. al.hs rInIlea 60.

81 ttho I'syaI oiti.srs olshe United states.
The times are full Of important move
ments. The Nations are restless. The
political institutions Of cur own country,
the most perfect and sacred that man has
ever devised, are iercely assailed.
Armed bodies Of rebels, under the CON
troll Of what IS called. The Southern Con-
federsoy, 9 are now insulting our flag and
numbering cur fellOw-citizens, our fathers,
sons, and kindred.
Base men, vile partisans, above "MasOh
and DiKon's lie" encourage these blood
stained rebels. Both must be pat dou0n. Not
a star must be allowed to break away from
z The EatiopaT Galaxy Ourcivil, religions,
and social rights must be maintained nm
impaired. These objects require combina-
tiOn and action. True patriots should be
known. Here, under the shadows Of the
Capitol, within view of the marble that
speaks Of q Washington, and the bronze
that tells Of jackson, they should have
a CuAALuou plhCO u utbllug ga place NeQl-
Gated to the unity Of the Nation. Deeply
impressed with these sentiments, {" A
UNION LEAGUE has been established at
No. 4sI 9th street. ID floor of Ryon7s
Building.
At this room will be found a pledge for
the signatures Of residents as''Well as visi-
tors s. Rnd also newspapers, books and
pamphlets. At times il win be enliyened
ty the melody and roll Of patriotic songs
and music ol,is llaE
1o7Come, patriots, enroll your names, and
proclaim your detestation Of traitors and
your lave ofthe United States Of America
Come, and at the selected spot warm the
nationEl fervor Of your hearts, and by the
swell Of your numbers encourage the he
rOes Of the battle-felds Of freedom.
We aim TO keep regularly on file al
newspapers and periodicals favorable to
our oountry's cause. Loyal editors are
earnestly solicited to send us their jour
nails for this purpose, and copy the above,
and urge persons visiting this city to call
at our rooms
Cleveland morning leader. [volume] (Cleveland [Ohio]) 1854-1865, 1863-03-28
Camp Of Iustructiou for C0Iorea TROOP

Camp Of INSTRUCTION for COIored Troops
By notice published elsewhere, it will be
seen that the authorities at Washington
have given assurance that a camp of in
struetion will soon be established at Harp
er's Ferry for the organization and drill
of cOlored troops, who will be put into ser
vice at the earliest moment. This means
work, and We trust the oolOred men Of the
North will not delay preparing to serve
under the FedernI flar.
Cleveland morning leader. [volume] (Cleveland [Ohio]) 1854-1865, 1863-03-28
"Uuired brothers Of the Great West, -

United brothers Of the Great West"
There is said to exist in Philadelphia a
society under the name of the "United.
Brothers Of the Great West" which is an
offshOot Of the X. G. C.'s. The New York
Evening Post hears that there is a similar
erganizltiqn in New 7 ofk city. The fol-
lowing questions are put to candidates be-
fore joining -
list. Are you in favor of the abdication
Of Abraham Lincoln, BY force, if neces-
ssry2
ID. Are you in favor of q Northwestern
COnfederacy2
Sd. Are you in favor Of resisting the
draft or conscription2
The candidate must subscribe to all the
above.
In the bylaws Of the order, one Of the
propositions is that the society is in favor
OfPeaee On any terms that may be offered
within the limits of the Constitution as in
terpreted by the Supreme Court
Cleveland morning leader. [volume] (Cleveland [Ohio]) 1854-1865, 1863-03-28
THE DISPATCH COOKING STOVE,
Sold by VII MARYIs, sole Agent,


Is now so we'll known aud generally esteemed, that
it is deemed unnecessary 60 into any engthened Or
or mingte Inventory Of is merits -.
other Stoves there Eays bsen several Important i'm
pr0vsments eeentiy made "a tie Dispatos Whith
none other possess and it - unQuesiionably, the
Perfect and Economical stove in Use.
One Is the GAS BURNEB, introducsdinto the D Ire
Chamber, producing fhs most pgrfect c5mpustipn
p1EsIhles increasing heat, saving Fuel. Ccn5Umihg
smoke and improving tho Operations Of the ssoyo
T.6ncther- is "a nev;y iav,ntea PORTABLE ASH
Box, attached 20 thestave which recet e. the aset
which fall from the fire door and is easily removed
These wy Ti1tefisi al dlitions 70 the value of the
Stove aJesecured by pate b, aed render it, heyon
mos gSost 'iS''p' IN lne N9" A''tDe era's' 1ne
UsEF0LAND DESIRABLE COOKING Stow
to be had ia any market. m .
sdditisn Rlse, all the plates which como in con-
tact win the Bre have been greatly Increased in
II via burn Coal a. wen as Wood most admirably;
perfect and hellthy bake equal TO thAt Of bakert
Brick Oven; E0asJing and Tozstirs IS done UotosS
hearth as common Eenss dictates. II q anufaCtufet
IN i y sPq ~, is , laeTe qse % eng 4 t1s NV geFT
lett satsiaction 20 sH hunres ell housekao3srs II
this esy % aRa ai;fEsaliins eo9nisg' vao a-s d4lI
. TffE' LORNING STAB COOKING STOVE b a
rev and desirable pattern, sulch, with variety
hsnd great Variey q ParloT Cossing aud 0ssr he.f
Ing Stoves, Tor C1sl 0F Wood, az reduced prices.
We are conafanty supplied With all the nsHsst ar
na0ss bec1tiful styles Oi -eT 1855 9raH ..It
asgs ERA HEGBD CRATES. 81
AlsO-ali cf the 5t Use ioi articles Of Horse E-
nishing Goods, Ha.lB and Farmers Tools
We are jEst receiving tbs latest improved Styles
BIRD CAGES which are 0neTed at the loWestpripes
WemRuuiacture largely and have FOR sale st Whtle
sale andretaili II the various artiolas o. Plain sh
Japazsi Tia, Copper and Sheet-ETOn Var,
We oHer the sluoSt ondless yAtaly Of goods IN o
lils for Ealssat the lowest cash prices ths uEE
PElGE SY5rEA.t Il.
aB-All Bous0keopars and those who c0ntampis @
Housekeeping. and thu ''rest OF mankind" are lto
cordially inviod 70 cal b5iOre purchasing 8seWhe
and nudge for themselves SATIsFA ACTf0E Is guAIAt
.ST0VE AND CRATE EMPORIUM
-Of aas. W.L- kIARYIN,
No. 50, sguIh aide Pub. 5Iuare,
me q Cleveland, Ghiu.
Cleveland morning leader. [volume] (Cleveland [Ohio]) 1854-1865, 1863-03-28

NEW YORK, March %.
A steamer from Port Royal the 10th, and
Beaufort the 9th, arrived here to-day.
She reports the capture Of the British
steamer Nicholas, on the lst, with a valua-
Bile cargo, consisting partly of powder and
10 cases of rifles, off Wilmington, by
the steamer Victoria.
Cleveland morning leader. [volume] (Cleveland [Ohio]) 1854-1865, 1863-03-28

ENGrvEER KILIED.-we learn that an en-
gineer in the employ of the Pittsburgh, Fort
Wayne & Chicago BailrOad was killed at
Crestlinc on Wednesday last. He attempted
to step on board his engine while it was in
motion, lost his footing and falling, his leg
was cut OF by the wheels. He died the fol-
loving day.
Cleveland morning leader. [volume] (Cleveland [Ohio]) 1854-1865, 1863-03-28
Indiana n Separate Department.

Iudiana Separate Department.
.YHE Indiana has been made 3 separate mill
taIy district and placed under the charge
of Brig. Gen. CarringtoD, who reports to
Major General Burnside at Cincinnati.
The Board of County Commissioners Of
Tippecanoe county, have rendered Gov.
Morton a loan Of ten thousand dollars to
assist in carrying on the State Govern
ment in the abseBce-Of- the usual apprO-
priations for l86S-64
Hon. W NJ Dunn, the former Repre-
sentative in Congress from the Third
District in this State, has been appointed
Judge Advocate Of the Military Depart
ment Of the West and win make his head
ouarfers at ST Louis
Cleveland morning leader. [volume] (Cleveland [Ohio]) 1854-1865, 1863-03-28
Crp7rLAsD, March 27tl

NlEfEhAhDJ EhuICu AAlA'a-
Agreeable to notice, the citizens of the
10th Ward met in the basement of the school
house, and organized Union League. On
motion the following officers we're elected /:
! President-L D. Hudson.
Vice Presidents-A. P. Turner and James
Neyills.
seeretary-A. J. Marvin.
A committee of three was appointed to
canvass the Ward for signers, after which
they adjourned to meet on Monday evening,
March SOth, when it is hoped there viii be a
large turn out.
Cleveland morning leader. [volume] (Cleveland [Ohio]) 1854-1865, 1863-03-28

A letter from Washington states that
nearly all the churches in that city, used
for hospital purposes, have been given up.
There are now 6OOO empty beds in the
hospitals there. t t
Cleveland morning leader. [volume] (Cleveland [Ohio]) 1854-1865, 1863-03-28
REAL So.
REAL ESTATE ZOE sAIE-
! UHN u. JENNINGS [
uccessor 10 Rouse 3 Jenn ngs1 f'
Insurance and Real Estate Agen
.HarbIe Block, 2Il saperior-sr.

ist t il buy ard scIl Ros,l Estate Commission
Hent and OileCt Rents, &C, -
HG- No charge 10 purchasers. Sellers only caaread
Cor Salue & EEc hangs Actually Made. r.frr ..
Rf5- AIS issues Policies at oWest Paying Rates in
Ilalialla Easlern Lnsura.loe Clrlnanias. u. ~
Cleveland morning leader. [volume] (Cleveland [Ohio]) 1854-1865, 1863-03-28
RAHR8aas.
CLEVELAND . ERIE R. r


On and altar Monday, November 18th, lss2. P,--.1.
ger Trains viii run e follows: -
Cleveland morning leader. [volume] (Cleveland [Ohio]) 1854-1865, 1863-03-28

It is said that an agent of the Govern
ment has been sent to Prussia, to obtain
the secret of manufacturing new kind of
gunpOwder lately discovered by German
chemist, and reported to be in several re-
speets superior to the gunpOwder now in