, 1863-10-16
THE STATISTICAL CON,
GKESS AT BERLIN.


1&4E E4'A&-ESA&CAA I4bNs
GRESS AT BERLIN.
Report of Hon. Aamuel B. Ruggles.
from The United States.
The international Statistical Congress con.
yened at Berlin On thesth of S. ptemhcr ult.
The Hon. samuel B. Ruggles, appointed by
the President delegate from the urlted States
to that Convention, attended, and presented
areport, Of which the follo#ipg abstract pre-.
sents al1 the essential features.
The report opens with an expression Of the
regret OF Mr. Ruggles that the short time in
teryeniug between his appointment and the
MEETING Of the Congress, had made it lm-
as cou1d have been desi.ed Of the numerous
documents and publications. illustrating the
statistics Of the United States. 4 faw para
graphs are then devoted to statement Of the
condition OF the science cf statistics as It ex-
lists at present In the United States. Two Of
bad established bureaus Of statistics, and the
character Of the annual reports Of their re-
spectlve commissions. Mr. Mansfield and
Mr. Whee1ock afford reasonable ground of
hope that In due time America rnay at least
spproach in scientific accuracy and philo.
perfect performances Of the statisticiaus Of
Europe. Although the Congress Of the
United States has not yet established a die
tirct Bureau Of statistics, etlll, under the
practice which LAS been gradually intro
duced, Of connecting With this deceanial car
irdustry md production the compenG Of
the Genius Of 1850, submitted with tue report,
contains considerable mass Of statistical In
form alton. illustrating the materiat, and to
come extent the social and moral condition
Of the 1ation. The belief Is expressed that
United 6tates may be induced to recognize =
competent bu:eau Of Statistics Is national
necessity and thereby place their country on
an equality in this respect With the most In
telieent nations OF the world. The Tep:rt
dHeils at some leDgth On the paramount In.
'1he' statesman are oblisirg him to
survey AID Ecan with clear but
comprehensive vision the whole structure
and econcmy Of the body politic-to a3jus. in
finest harmony all its varied fuuctions; to
regulate and iIy3gorate the heallhfal circala-
tioh ofeyeiy artery and vein from this central,
vital trunk to tho most remote and delicate
articulation. and In this modern world,
where eteam has abolished space, the states
1nsn must carefully survey The statistics Of
el1 the nations that commerce can appro. .cb,
20 that he m.y adapt The administration Of bis
Comparative CAPACITIES and powers"
The report then invites the attention Of the
Congress to CONC Of the most prominent
features exhibited by the cunpcnd OF the
ceE*ua of18c0, and particularly to the exhibit
which It makes Of the territory ard progress
In population aud material wealth Of the
| United States OF America.
FIRST, TIE TERRITORY.
The fertility ofthe immense area Of {, or, 1GG
I 1 W1, mn r0rS
| the territory Of the United States, is shown In
| Its steady absorption BY the rapidly lucscaE-
| iug populatipu- In May last there remained
uudisI osed # and belonging to the GoTera.
NEXT Of tie United States, J8l .901 ,G25 Ecses::
Tie report then alludes to the manner and
| conditions CT grant and eale by the Goyarn.
| ment to actual settlers and others, and shoWe
| By q copy OF the report Of the Commissioner
Of The General Land Office, also submitted,
that In September, 1862, the quantity surveyed
and ready for eale was 1$5. LIZ ;o99 acres, AZ?
alto that recent discoveries Of extensive golt
fields have created q necessity for the spesa.
surrey and dispotit!on Of large addittona
tracts. "But, 1t adds that, 4tthe great car
diual fact" Nth reference to this undIsposet
land, "is this. that the whole Of this vas
body of1and is freely open to gratnltons oc
cnpation without deiay or difficulty Of an
| SECOND POPULATION.
Tie population OF tie United States a
showE BY the csnsus Ct 1860, WAS 81, ,445 Csc
Of whom &C, ,o75, ,575 wc1c white, aad i, III, &c
black cf various degrees Of color, 1855. .7G
blacks being returned Us slaves. "Whethe
ary Or That proportion Of Tie nun
ber are & hereafter to be ststisticsl
con.irg gencies which 1t would b. prcuatuy
at present to discuss. TIE statistics repre-
eeDtlrg tie decennia1 increase In populatfo
from 1850, VII, n 1t ives {, ,923, ,827, to the prea
eut tine ere also given. as also the rate pc
cent, Of such decennial incrsase Which varie
frem 50. Ii to IS 81. Tic extent to which :hi
rate cf progress b duo to Immigration as par
tally shown by the following table.
There arrived In the ten years:
! From 1920 to 15S9. observation-disclosures. a44,4o
| From 1890 TO 16i0- observation-disclosures. 5520s
From 1870 to 1851. 9.............-.......... 155ss0
Total. .....-................... SOC, A.
Being yearly average Of II, 500 fol- the fort
years and 27u, ,76s for the Inst ten Feasa.
The ineurrcction at 11st partially checke'
the current Of emigration, but during lh
present year 1t Is again increasing. In 1861
the arrivals at the port Of New York wer
65, $50; in 1852, Il. 500, while In 1853, up t,
the Goth Of Augutt, there had arrived at tn
same port about s.. 600, To this emigratio
Grtat Britain and ireland hare contribute
], s5.0l6; Germany, Sweden, Denmark en-
countries, 6l5, ,fs3. Or these immigrants, Ii
number that have returned probably do no
exceed million.
Of the ascerta5ned average of increase G
the whole population from 1880 to 1860, nea1
s. 1s PEI cent for each decade, tic popula
ton In 1870 will amount to Il ,oo6, ,750. Bu
eupFosirg, which Is not probabls, the presen
partial check to immigration to continue,
will he 40, ,719, ,120. Alr. HinnedY, the expert
creed Superintendent Of the Census, in th
sogslS5 s5gs 81 PqeIs5sd SSnasoa n afsS 8 RoEs IS
and Of 1880 at &c, 450, al. A comparison c
the prcgrees in population Of tie Unite
StAtes during the etxty Years with the prs
gress OF some Of the principal European NJ
lions during the came time, tho1s that, whi1
tie population Of the United States In tha
time has tnc1e eased 59S Per cent that Of Franc
hasinc5eased 81 Per cent and that Of Englha
!; and Wales l21 rer cent, while Prusal1 {durlu
: fo1t3-fye Jeasz} has increased 79 per cent.
TmRD-PROGREssIvE MATERIAL WEALTH.
The growth In material wealth NATURAL
: resulting ffom this great Increase Of popula
tion, enjoying an ample supply Of fertile land
real ard personal property assessed tor put
poses Of State taxation BY officers appoInte
: by the States. The assessment does not in
elude large amornts of property held by rel
: gious and other associations exempted BY la1
from taxation, For any public property. L
/ ttSk0n1 I5dGklttt !esA p@utEIsy u IAle1J IL
Eessed for mere than two thirds Of its casl
ya're, while large amounts If personal pro
perty eEcape taxation altogether.
:. The assested value Of the property actual
taxed shows IN increase as follows:
T. 1:si 1:ad teEttmated> oSe 99 g
i izS Sii' toftsial valqstioa5 ::: iS$,:sSs; !;
| IL 411V 4p&A2S,olpsV.
Showing an increase In the last de-
ceede a!One ot. ot..-....-........... s., lH3, ,S35sa
is60 we omit from Tic drst.. *9s1, 900 &C
And from the second. i,s3a.0o0ot
; As the assessed valGe Of slaves, the
valuation OF 1850 would be re-
And list oi iseo 11,as3sis d
Leaving the increase in the decade ss,o4s,es5 s!
This Is an Increase Of property over til
valuation Of 1851 100 per cent, while the II
| crease Of population In the same decade wa
' hut 35 81 per cent.
The cause Of this discrepancy Is found in
| Fundamental and all important fact which fal
pishes the key to the past and the future pre-
. gress Of tie United States. It Is the powe
| theypossees By zaears of canals and NIL TaT
teseoaId and the widespread and festn
regions Ct the interior, thereby removing th
c1eg On their agricultural industry, aad vi
tually placing them side by side with th
., cGmmnni1fts on the Atlantic, Durior. Ii
: decade ending IN LEGO, the sum Of 4l3.54l 81
, was expended w1thin the limits of the interit
; ce1trsl gronp, known as the food exportin
States, In conet1uttibg II ell miles Of raI
:; ! wxv to connect them with the seabohrd. tt
trsflc receipts from these roads were:
! In 1850 ~