The Cecil Whig. [volume] (Elkton, Md.) 1841-current, 1863-04-04
j)ublil AGairs.
from The Continental Monthly
TIE UNION.
BY THE HON. II. J. WALKER.
VIRGINIA AND PENNSYLVANIA COM FAREI

Virginia was considerable colony,
when Pennsylvania was occupied only
by Indian tribes. In 1870, Virginia
was first in rank0ef all the States, her
number of inhabitants being 74S, Jos
Pennsylvania then ranked the second,
numbering 434,3713 persons. In 1860
he population of Virginia was 1885,
3ls, ranking the fit h; Pennsylvania
| $ liz remaining the second, and number
ing .2,6O5, ll5. In 1890 the population
of Virginia exceeded that of Pennsylva-
MIA 3l3,o25 in 1850 the excess in
favor Of Pennsylvania was l,3OS,797. -
The ratio of increase of population of
Virginia from 1890 10 1860 was 1l3.-
81 pei cent, and of Pennsylvania in the
same period, 5G9.O3. At he same rela-
tive IA 10 of increase for the next seven
ty years, Virginia would contain popu-
lation of 3, lO5 ,2G5 in 1880 and Penn
sylvania 10, 443,93I, exceeding that OF
| England Such has been aud would
continue to be he effect of slavery in
retarding the progress of Virginia, and
such he influence of freedom in he
rapid advance of Pennsylvania. Indeed,
with the maintenance and perpetui'y OF
the Union in all its integrity, the des-
tiny of Pennsylvania will surpass the
most sanguine expectations.
The population of Virginia per square
mile in 1880 was IL 10, and IN 1860,
2G.O2 whilst that of Pennsylvania in
1890 was 944 and in 1860, G3 is
The absolute increase Of The population
Of Virginia per square mile, from 1890
to 1860, was 1888, and from 1850 to
1860, 2,S5 whilst that of Pcnnsylva-
MIA from 1880 to 1860, was 53.74, aud
from 1850 to 1860, 1898.
ARNA.-lhc area of Virginia is G1,-
352 square miles, aud of Pennsylvania,
$4,000, the difference beng 1870
square miles, which is greater, by 7jS
square miles, than he aggregate area of
Massachusetts, Connecticut, and pela-
ware, con aiming in 1860 population of
l,SU3,429.
SHORE L1SE.-By the Tables of the
Coast Survey, the shore line Of Virginia
Is ,o7l square miles, and of Pcnnsylva-
MIA only 60 miles. This vas ly superior
coast line of Virginia, wi be ter, deep
er, more capaclous, and much more
numerous harbors, unobstructed by ice,
and with easy access for SO many hum
drcd miles by navigable bays and tide
water rivers leading SO far into the in
terror, give o Virginia great advantages
over Pennsy lvania in commerce and
every branch of industry. Indeed, in
this respect, Virginia ands unrivallcd
in the Union. The hydraulic power Of
Virginia greatly exceeds that Of Penn
sylvauia.
MINES. Pennsylvania exces every
other State in mineral wealth, but Vir-
glna comes next.
SolL.-ln ma ural fertility of soil, the
two Staes are about equal but the
seasons in Virginia are more favorable,
both for crops and stocks, than in Penn
sylvauia. Virginia has all the agricul-
tural products of Pennsylvania, with
cotton in addition. The area, however
of Virginia (39, 2G5, $50 acres) being
greater by 9,S25,2SO acres than that OF
Pennsylvania GO, 10000 acrcs,) gives
to Virginia vast advantages.
In her greater area, her far superior
coast line, harbors, rivers, and hydrau-
lie power, her longer and better seasons
for crops and stock, and grea cr varie y
of products, Virginia has vast najura
advantages. and with nearly double the
population of Pennsylvania in l790.-
And yet, where has slavery placed Vir-
gnla! Pennsylvania exceeds her now ii
numbers l,3US, 797, and incrcaced ii
i population, from 1890 to 1860, in Z
ratio more than FIVE 20 one. Such is
the terrible contrast between flee anC
slave ms buttons
PROGRESS OF WEALTH.-By Census
Tables (lS6O) 33 and sc, it appears
(omit'ing commcrce) that the products
OF industry, as given, viz, of agricul.
ture, manufactures, mines, and fisheries
were tha year in Pennsylvania of tn,
value of $39S,G0O, 600, or Sl37 pei
capita; and in Virginia, $40, 900, GOO
or SD per CAPT Il. 7 his shows tota
value Of produce i'll Pennsylvania mucl
more than three times that of Virginia
aud. per capita, nearly two to one
That Is, the average value of the prod.
uct of the labor of each person in Penn.
sylvauia, is nearly double that of cacl
person, including slaves, in Virginia..
Thus Is proved the vast superiority Of
free over slave labor, and the Immense
ma ional loss occasioued by the substitu-
ton of the latter for the former.
AS 70 the rate Of increase; the value
Of the produc Of Virginia in 1850 wa,
Ssh, 4oO, 1913, aud in Pennsylvania
29,367, 1871, showing at increase il
Virginia, from 1850 TO 1860, of $685..
3l?,572, being Al per cent: and ir
Pennsylvania, SlG9, 1863, being sc
per cent; exhibiting difference of
per cent in favor of Pennsylvania.
BY Table 36, p. 1876, Census of 1860
the cnsh value of the farms of Virginia
was 1911 ,O92,2ll, being $ll.9l pc,
acre and of Pennsylvania, $662, 05O,.
707: being 1881 per acre. Now, by
this table, the number of acres embraced
in these farms of Pennsylvania was H..
OH, l53 acres, and in Virginia, 81, 0l4,.
$50 the difference Of value per acre
being 81, or largely more than hree tc
one in favor of Pennsylvania. Now, il
we multiply the farm lands of Virginic
by the Pennsylvania value per acre, il
| wOuld ma ka tbo -. al r,lno of tho form