, 1863-02-25

S153,iou,uSt
The total receipts from the customs for tue
fiscal year ending June 80, lS62, were S49,-
05G, ,S01.G2, Of Which the proceeds Of bread
stuffs and provisions furnished three-fftns.
TIE FOREIGN DEMAND FOR BREApsTUFFs.
Tie redundant proportion Of the European
States will consume all Of our surplus pro-
duets, without producing any sensible dimi-
hutton Of price: The existing population Of
those nations is estimated nj 290,000, 900, Of
thc2amount Of nearly ,000, ,0o0, ,0C0 Of bushels.
With go vast a consumption, and with all the
cu1tiyablc land occupied, 1t is not worth the
while to enter into a minute calculation Us to
how far the importations from this country
will tend te dcpress prices; it may be assumed
that whatever saving may be effected in the
rates Of Transportation will inure to the benc-
fit OF this country.
An eminent London house, In rep1y to d
New FORK correspondent, who inquired rs to
the probable effect Of an increased influx Of
American grain, states:
The mass Of the people may be considered to
press always close upon the means OF subsistence,
or supply Of focd since there is no instance within,
the memory Of man Of any large accumulation Of
wheat for want OF buyers OF consumers.
the amount consumed, the value Of wheat In Eng
land docs not only depend on onr own wants AMI
supplies, but also on those Of other weatconsu1n-
fn: countries; tho price in the English market ia
Of transportation, = ~00S
Dining the last twenty-five years the English
el and failing Off e. I'd ti cents per bsheS Sb for
transport, We have 4ss Ola per bushel} as the
price for this period. That figure las also Of been m
tue I'D Dantzle price for fully century. =.
When tho improvements Of transport can BE-
made, We think you may diycet yourselves Of the
apprehension that the contemplated supply Of
wheat might be too large for our rown, or the gen
ernl wants Of Europe; and taking the enlarged
view, ron Will deem 1t a matter of minor import
ance whether by such operations Jon will dispe2se
other competitors in England, or enter into com
petition In other markets.
CONTINENTAL MARKETS. ToR WHEAT.
The great European port for wheat shipping
is Dantzic. The wheat is raised In Galicia and
Poland, from live hundred to seven miles in
land, and brought to the seaboard in fIat-bot-
toned boats suited to the navigation Of rivers
usually shoal and aboundfng in raplds-a
mode Of conveyance both tedions and cxpen-
sive, costing from Gs Cd, to O.. I'd. per quarter
to place 1t At Dantzic.
Of the Mediterranean and the Black Sea,
Odessa, the Nile and the Lcyant, to which the
wheat Is brought from considerable distances
il, the interior. The shores of the S1editerra-
mean are deeply indented, SO that the voyage
is circuitous and cannot be accomplished
without consuming a months time and trav-
erslng space equal to that across the At
lantic-
If, therefore. By increased facilities Of COM
n.unfcation the American farmer can place
his wheat at the sea-board fifteen cents cheap
cr than under the existing rates, he may safely
engage in the European competition, and
trade Of the world. He need not depend up
on any accidental deficiency Of the crops Of
Europe, bnt rely upon nearly unyaTying
market for all Of his surplus products abroad
IMPORTANCE or THE CORN CHOP,
The great crop Of the grain growing States,
the one which rests at tic base of all their
prosperity, is that of maize, or Indian corn,
It is cultivated with little labor, is little
affected By the yicissitndes Of the season, and
yields an ample return. A1lthe conditions Of
soil and climate admirably concur to develop
this plant In its most vigorous form. It con
stisutes the most economical food for the do
mestic animals, thus snIerccding the necessity
81 the root culture. The annual product Of
less than SOC, ,000, 900 bushels; and Jet, except
SO tar as 1t may be used on the premises
where raised, or converted into some conceu-
tratcd form like whisky, beef, pork, lard oil.
ETC., ETC., it Is comparatively yalueless. That
which is retai1cd to the New England 1abo-er
or mechanic, at sixty cents per bushel, re-
turns to the producer seven or eight cents,
the difference being used up in freishts and
commissions.
Tour Committee hare before them state
ment Of the results Of one company which,
during the year 1861, shipped to New York
gathered up at stations one hundred miles
from Chicago, for which they paid the farmer
fifteen cents per bushcl. Tho statement of
account was rs follows:
1.5e6, 1859 bushels. $255 9 SO
Freight by saiI. cts. 1o3,56s. 81
Freight TO Buffalo. 1918 r.e ~ y.
Frsfghts to New York, 1766 -...'.-.'' 9se'ss9o2
so:o. ;:3laa
thus showing that nearly three fold was
added to the value By reason OF transporta-
ton.
But let Us scan the profits Of the farmer
who IS supposed to reside five miles from q
pay for harvesting, the account would stand
thus:
One days hauling sixty bushels Of ears,
fo:t5 bushels for which he receives
$500
Snc1nng n, - 90
het income LOT ptodnclng. a60
$500
which is nine cents per bushel, while the
cents.
This statement shows how essential it ia to
egect reduction Of freiglts on the raw pro
ducts. With saving of fifteen cents a bushel.
and your committee believe it could be ac-
ee!omplished by the opening of a ship canal,
the corn Of the Northwest could be sent to
every European mart.
Neither corn nor wheat will bear r1ilway
transportation oycr considerable distances.
When you transport the one hundred miles
and the other three hundred, you add to it
about the cost Of production. Railways are
admirably adapted to passenger trafflc, and to
the conveyance Of those articles to which IN
enhanced value has been communicated BIZ
the industry Of man. In this traffic, time be-
comes an element OF value for which the con-