New-York daily tribune., 1863-11-19
AUSTRIA.

Austria, and that these delegates have taken
their seats. AS this event is likely to have an
important influence upon the constitutional lie
of one Of the grand Powers of Europe and,
therefore, indirectly upon European politics IN
general, It's meaning and bearing deserve bret
explanation.
Austria is ccasing to be tho old Austria Of the
Metternichs and Haynaus, and is rapidly passing
over from an absolute into constitutional mon
archy. Whether any credit is duo for tins 10
the personal considerations and influence oi
members Of the Imperial family, we VIII not
stop to consider; but the fact OF real and lar
reaching change in the government oil Austria
is no longer disputed. A constitution has been
granted, which, though much less liberal than
that OF ISI3 yet admits chosen representatives
of the people to participation in the admins
tration Of the country. The Emperor, on many
occasions has profcsscd a belief in the adyanl-
ages Of a constitutional monarchy, and in the
progressive spirit Of the age; and his adyser''
whatever may be their real worth as statesmen,
have indisputably been more fortunate than
those of the Prussian King, for they have sue
ceeded in building up strong political party,
which includes even many prominent members
of the democratic party of lslS.
The chief object of the present Austrian
policv ia 10 strengthen the bond Of union be-
tween the several crownlands and nationalites.
No country OF Europe has been and still Is so
much threatened as Austria by the growing
tendency 90 reconstruct the map of Europe
on the basis Of the different natonalitics.
She il the most polyglot empire of Europe
counting. Gin 1857, among her inhabitants,
7.--q ,925 Germans, Il,0ii,S72 Northern slayi'
I3.9-2,77a Southern Slayi, 2,642,'o3 Eastern
Roumanans, i,9i7, l3i Magyars, with mum
! her Of other races All these have more or less
come under the influence Of national aiinitles'
/ II Germans desire q closer political union oil
| Austria with the other German States, and
-..ou. trrction OF the German Empire; the
Poles Of Ca,.c.a dream of new kingdom OF
Poland, Of which they VIII form par'i
thc CzocM IL B1homia labog fos Pan'layislc
l1.as. and follow tic lead Of Russia; the
/ lt.l ans no. only OF Vcncill lut Of South
Ieu Tgr.l. arc unanimous IN demanding m
ANNEXATION 20 I'aly; the Magyar are cIhV-
ling a national independence Of Hungary,
and ihe Southern slagi wish a reunion with the
kindred tribes of Northern Turkey. In l-i-, 1t
ser-n,d a. If the hour Of the dissolution OF the
Iap.re into its national componcnis Was rear
a, hand. and nothing bat the deffat OF the
revolutionary party on tho whole o"hu-
lucnt Of Europe arrested the doom oi the
Aurfrian Empire. When the power oi the
revolution was broken and the res'or-
alton Of monarchical power had fuzzy
'beern. ,he necessity Of coanicracting the CEN
trfrgnl Tendencies If the several naiionalltcs,
and Of binding them more closely together than
'bcorc, Wa generally felt by the siafcmen Of
tle empire A. first Il was thought that the
Roman Catholic Church. 10 which a majority Of
every race OF Austria belongs, might prove the
best aiir 90 tiis end. The attempt Wa made;
the famous cOncordai OF l-,,j was concluded: all
'tAo demands and suggestions OF tie Roman
Cour, and tAc Austrian Bishopa were complied
with. Tie ts.al lasted foF several years, until
10 became fully apparent that j, would no.
latiain thc desired end, and rather weaken ttan
strengthen Austria. Then new road was en-
tered upon. Liberal prO., ,,ions and some real
reforms were tried, 20 calisi the sympath.e' Of
,esch Of thc different nationl.'ies in rcgcner-
a'ed Austrian Empire. 4 Council Of the En-
'p.rc (R,.huaM), consisting Of 3i3 delegates
rom the Diets of he several crownlands, was,
IN conjunction with the Government, TO carry
ont tAi- work.
But ngan The efforts Of the Government met
with powerful opposition. Hungary, Ncne,.a,
ITmnrylyana, CroaIia, ard Slavonia sent no
delegates to the Council OF the Empire, and re-
duced the number Of ofdclcgatcs from 3i3 to about
2O0 The Government has made The utmost
eyertons to overcome this opposition, which
showed itself strongest IN Hungary and Vonc-
tia; and the news to which We referred at the
beginning of this article shows that it has been
successful in one Of the hitherto refractory PROV
s-Transylyania-whioh ia entitled to q
delegates.
Transylyania, which has been hitherto closely
united with Hungary, il Inhabited by several
races, of which hitherto only three, the Sayons
(Gcrmans), the Magyars, aud the Szekli, en-.
J joyed full and equal political rights. The most
numerous of all the races Of Transylyania, the
Roumanans, counting alone l,lOi,322 OF the
total population of 1925, ~, were among the
only tolerated races. The Austrian Govern
ment las bciriended them ly giving them equal
rights with the predominant races, and they