Weekly national intelligencer. [volume] (Washington [D.C.]) 1841-1869, 1863-09-17


cnsd to enter The other Powers sufficiently active
Austria, Russia mi Prussia did not hesitate at the Con-
gress OF Laybach in 1910, 10 institute armed inerven
ton for the suppression Of liberal principles Naples and
again. two years later at the Congress- Of Verona these
Powers together with France, instituted another
armed Intervention to suppress liberal principles in Spain,
which ultimately led to the invasion OF that kingdom and
the overthrow of its constitution France the be-
geren agent and would not be turned aside although the
Duke of Wellington at Verona and Mr. Gaming at home
sought to her armies by the mediation OF Great
Britain which mediation directly sought by Spain and
directly refused by France. The British Government in
admirable letters, composed with unsurpassed skill and
constituting noble page Of international law dsclamed
for itself and denied to other Powers the right require
changes in the internal institutions of ndepend mt States
with the of hostile attack in of refusal and
bavey declared to the imperial and royal ntervenonss
that long the struggles aud disturbances of Spain
should ba confined within the circle Of her territory
they could not be admitted by the British Government
afford any plea for foreign Interference and in still
other note it repeated that OF direct and nm
nent danger could alone in exception to the general rule
justify foreign Interference These the words of
Mr.. Canning; but even Lord Castlsreagh, in earlier
note had asserted the limitation which at later
day had the unqualified support Of Lord Grey and also of
Lord Aberdeen Justly interpreted they leave apology
for armed Intervention except Of direct and inn
mnent danger, when nation, like individual, may be
thrown upon the great right of self defence.
But Great Britain bore testimony by what she did
well by what she refused to do. Even while resisting
the armed Intervention of the great conspaty her Gov
eminent interviewed sometimes by mediation aud some
times by arms. Early in the between Spain and
her COLONIES she consented the invitation of SPAIN to
act as mediator, Ia the ht pc of efiectDg a
but Spain decued the mediation which she had invited
From 1912 to 1923 Great Britain constantly repealed her
offer la the case Of Portugal she went further. Under
the counses OF Mr. Canning, whose speech the
was of the most memorable character interviewed
by landing troops at Lisbon but this Intervention was
vindicated by the obligations of treaty Next the
greater Instance of Greece when the Christian Powers
OF Europe interviewed to arrest protracted struggle and
to this classic land from Turkish tyranny Here the
st step was pressing invitation from the Greeks to the
British and French Governments for their mediation with
the Ottoman Porte. These Powers, together with Rus
sla, proered The much desired intervention which tho
Greeks at once accepted and the Turks rejected Battle
had already ragged fercey accompanied by barbarous
massacre Without delay the allied forces were directed
to compel the cessation of hostes which was accom-
pshed by the destruction Of the Turkish fleet at Nayarno
and the occupation OF the Morea by French troops At
last under the continued mediation of these Powers the
Independence of Greece recognised by the Ottoman
Porte and another free State coIsecrated to freedom
took its place 10 the family of nations But mediation in
Turkish affairs did not stop here The example of Greece
was followed by Egypt whose provincial chief Mehemet
ALL eoelled, and by genius for war succeeded in dis
possessing the Ottoman Porte not only of Egypt bat of
other possessions also This civil war was first arrested
by temporary arrangement at Kutoyah in 1888 under the
mediation OF Great Britain and France and finally ended
by ali armed mediation in S40 when after elaborate and
Irritating discussions which threatened to involve Europe
treaty was concluded at London between Great Britain
Russia, Austria and Prussia, by which the Pacha w,
compelled to reinquish of his conquests while he
was secured IN the Government of Egypt perpetual
vassal the Porte France, dissatisfied with the terms
oi TINS adjustment stood aloof from the treaty which
found It's apology such as it had first, in the invitation OF
the sultan and secondly, 10 the desire to preserve the
integrity OF the Turkish Empire essential the balance
OF power and the of Europe which may
also be added the desire to stop the euson of blood
Even before the Eastern questions settled, other
complications had commenced in Western Europe Bel
gum restless from the French Revolution of 1890 rose
against the House of Orange aud claimed her ndete en-
dence Civil war ensued but the great Powers mpty
ileryened to the extent of arresting Dutch army
on It's march Beginning with an armstice there was a
long and hnespun negotiation which, assuming the guise
alternately OF pacific mediation and of armed inter
ventun ended at last the established separation Of Bel
gum from Holland and it's recognition as an indepsndent
nation DO you ask why Great Britain interviewed on this
occasion Lord John Russell in the course of debate at
subsequent day. declared that special motive was the
establishment OF free constitution Meanwhile the
peninsula of Spain and Portugal was torn by civil war
The Regents of these two kingdoms respectively appealed
to Great Britain and rance for aid especially in the ex-
puson OF the pretender Don Carlos from Spain and the
Pretender Dom Miguel from Portugal For this purpose
the quadrupe alliance of these Powers was formed in
1884 The moral support derived from this treaty said
TO have been Important but Great Britain compelled
10 provide troops This intervention however was at the
solicitation OF the actual Governments Even after The
Spanish troubles were settled the still fingered in the
latter Kingdom when IN lS47 the Queen appealed to Great
Britain the ancient patron Of Portugal, to mediate be-
tween herself aud her insurgent subjects and the task
was accepted in the declared hope of composing the
ihcutles IN just and permanent manner, with all
due regard to the dignity OF the Crown the hand
aud the constitute NAL liberties of the nation the other
ne Insurgents did not submit until at military demon
STATIONS But peace and Liberty were the Two watch
words here.
Then occurred the European uprising Of Is48 France
was once more Republic; but Europe wiser grown did
not interfere Ia her affairs, much as TO write
letter But the different with Hungary whose
victorious armies radiant with liberty reganed, expel
the Austrian power only TO be arrested by the armed ill.,
erventon of the Russian Gear who yielded to the double
pressure OF Invitation from Austria and fear that
succ, ssfu nsurrecon might extend into Poland 1t
left for France at the time in another country with
strange inconsistency to play the part which Russia bad
played in Hungary Rome, which had ri-en against the
temporal power Of the Pope and proclaimed the Republic
was occupied by French army which expelled the
publican magistrates and, though fifteen Years have al
ready passed since that unhappy act the occupation still
continues From this military Intervention Great Britain
stood alOof Ia despatch dated at London January
Is49 Lord PamerstUn has made permanent record 10
the honor of bis country His words follows:
Her Majesy's Government would upon every account
ana not only upon abstract prnci but it'll refer
the general interests of Europe snd FROM tho value which
they attach TO the maintenance Of peace sincerely
tempt TO settle the differences between Pope and
ms subjects by the military Of foreign Powes
But he gave further point to the whole position OF Great
Britain in contrast with France, when he said Armed
TO assist in retaining ad Government would
be gnjGs liable N
Such was the declaration Of the Lord Psnerston at tn
day But how much unustfable must be asstance
10 Jonnd bad Government, as nov proposedi The
British Minister insisted that the dere noes should be ac
oommodated by the diplomatic nterposton of friendly
Powers which he declared much better mode Of sete-
ment than an authoritative interpretation OF terms by foreign
arms La harmony with this policy Great Britain during
this same year united with France proering meda on
between the insurgent Sciians and the King Naples
the notorious Bomba in the hope of helping the cause
nd lnrp nla Not