True Democrat., 1863-03-11


 naration of any of these States, and boundary line purely conventional, is at last to be marked out it must and will be either from Lake Erie unon the shortest line to the Ohio river, or from Manhattan to the Canadas
 And now, sir, is there any difference of race here 20 radical as to forbid reunion2 do not refer to the negro race, styled now, in unctious official phrasc, by the President, Americans of Airicah descent Certainly, sir, there are two white races in the United States, both from the same common stock, and yet so dstinct-one of them so peculiar that they develop different forms of civilization, and might belong, almost, to different types Of ,,antind But the bomdary'of these two races is pot at all marked by the line which divides the slaveboding from the non-slaveholding States Ii race ia to be the geographical limit of dsunion, then Mason and Dixon's can never be tue linc.
 Next sir do not the causes which, in the begin. ming impcllcd to union, still exist in their utmost force and extent? What were they2
 First the common descent-and therefore con sanguinity--of the great mass of the people from the Ango-Saxon stock. Had the Canadas been settled originally by the English they would doubt less have followed the fortunes of the thirteen eo lonies Next, common language, one sot the strongest of the fragments which bind people, Had Vi been contiguous to Great Brtain either the causes which led to the separation would have never existed or else been speedily removed; or afterward we would long since have been reunited as eouals, and with all the rights of Englishmen. And along with these similar, at least not es sentially dissmilar, manners, habits, laws, rell- oious and institutions ot all kinds, except one The common defense was another powerful incen five and is named in the constitution as one among the objects of the " more perfect Union" of l'S'. Stronger vet than all these perhaps. but made up of all of them, d common interest. Variety of climate and soil, and therefore of production, inlyinq also extent of country, ls not an eementof senaration but added to contg gulty, becomes part of the ligament of interest, and Is one o its tough est strands. Variety of production IS the parent of the earliest commerce and trade; and these, in their full development, are, as between oreignIla tioss hostages of peace; and between States and neonle united they the firmest bonds of Union. But after all, the strongest of the many original imoelline causes to the Union was the securing of d.mestic tranquility. The statesmen of l7S7 we'll knew that between thirteen independent but cont- ouous States without natura! boundary, and with nothing to separate them except the machinery of similar governments, there must be perpetual in fact, an "irrepressbe conflict" of jurisdiction and interest, which there being no other common arbiter, could only be terminated by the conflict of the sword. And the statesmen of 1862 ought to know that two more confederate govern ments, made up of similar States, having no natu. raj boundary either, and separated only by differ ent governments can not endure long together in peace unless one or more of them be either too pusillanimous for rivalry or too insi igniheant to provoke it, or too weak to resist aggression.
 
 tice and the securing of the general welfare, and of the blessings ot liberty to themselves and their posteritv, made up the causes and motives which impelled our fathers to the Union at first.
 And now, sir, what one of them is wanting? What one diminishedl On the contrary, many of them stronger to-day than in the beginning Migration and intermarriage have strengthened the ties of consanguinity. Commerce, trade and pro- duction have immensely multiplied. Cotton, al most unknown in l7S7, is now the chief product and export of tue country It has set in motion three -fourths of the spindles of New England and given emplyment directly or remotely, to full half the shipping, trade and commerce Of the United States More than that cotton has kept the peace between England and America for thirty years; and had the people of the North been as wise and practical as the statesmen of Great Britain, 1t would have m lintained union and peace here.- But we are being taaght, in our first century and at our own cost, the lessons which England learned through the long and bloody experience Of eight hundred years. We shall be wiser the next time. Let not cotton be king, but peace maker, and in herit the blessing.
 A common interest, then, still remains to us.-- And Union for the common defense, at the end of this war, taxed, indebted infpove ver5led exhausted as both sections must be, and with foreign fleets and armies around us, will be fifty fold more es- sential than before. And finally, sir, without Union our domestic tranquility must forever main unsettled. If can not be maintained within
 
 dus or colonization of the people of one section or the other to a distant country! Sir, 1 repeat that two governments nterlinked and bound to- gether every way by physical and social fragments; can not exist in peace without & common arbiter. Will treaties bind us7 What better treaty than the Constitutionf What more solemn more tu- rable7 Shall we Settle our disputes, then, by ar bitration and compromises? Sir, let us arbitrate and compromise now, inside of the Union. Ger tainly it will be quite as easy
 And now, sir, to all these original causes and motives which mpelled to union at first. must be added certain artificial fragments, which eighty years of association under common government Lave most fully developed. Chief among these are canals steams msnavigation, railroads, express companies tue ostofhce, the new spaper press, and that terrible agent of good and evil mixed-"Sprit of health, and yet goblin damned''-if free, the gentest minister of ruin and liberty; when en- slaved, the supplest instrument of falsehood and tyranny-the magnetic telegraph. Al these have multiplied the speed the quantity of trade, tra- vel, communication, migration and intercourse of all kinds between the different States and sections; and thus, so long as d healthy condition of the body polite continued, they became powerful ce- mentng agencies of union. The numerous vol untary associations, artistic, literary, charitable, social and scientific, until corrupted and made fana- tica; the various ecclesiastical organizations until they divided; and the political parties, so long as they remained all national and not sectional, were also among the strong ties which bound us together And yet all of these, perverted and abused for some years in the hands of bad or fanatica men, became still more powerful instrumentaties in the fatal work of disunion; ust the veins and arte- ries of the human body, designed to convey the yltalizng fluid through every part of it, will carry also, and with increased rapidity 1t may be, the subtle poison which takes life away. Nor is this all. It was through their agency that the mprs- oned winds ofcivl all let loose at first with suchssdden and appalling fury and, kept in mo ton by political power, they have ministered to that fury ever since. But, potent alike for good and evil, they may yet, under the control of the people, and in the hands of wse good and patriotic men, be made the most effective agencies, under Providence, In the reunion of these States.
 Other ties also, less material in their nature but hardly less persuasive, have grown up under the Union. Long association, a common history. na- tional reputation, treaties and diplomatic inter- course abroad, admission of new States, a common jurisprudenc great men whose names and fame patriInony of the whole country, patriotic mu- sic and songs, common battle fields, and glory won under the same Aag--these make up the poetry of Union; and yet, as in tue marriage relation, and the family with similar influence, they are stronger than hooks of steel. He was a wise statesman. though he may never have held an ofhce who said: " Let me write the songs of a people, and care not who makes their laws" Why is the Marseil- lase prohibited in France? Sir Hail Columbia and the Star Spanged Banner-Pennsylvania gave one, and Maryland the other--have done more for the Union than all the legislation a.d all the debates in this capitol for forty years and they will do more vet gain than all your armies thou oh