The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1863-01-08

largest or agricultural products known In The
history country. Reducing the cost o. carrying
these products win this trouble. Opening thu
Mississippi, way 10 the markets Of the world, VIA
not overcome this evil The cotton raised on she nss.s
sppi the joint product OF the provisions oil the Noft
and tho labor Of the south. The people Of the Wess
must have the ikets OF the Southwestern States
to bring back their prosperity. They must DO re-
united, politically, socially and commercially, 10 the
val ey OF the Lover Mississippi Their grain and provis
ions must be converted into cotton and IN this form oar
ried probably " the Eastern aud European pors When
they thus gained the for their labor thoy
viii become the supp rters OF commerce.
To this great region TO its former prosperity and
regain YES It's snrichng trade tho lower val
ley Of tho Mississippi must be brought back into the
of production wealth unimpaed with all the
tages Of local self government not devastated and
iDed territory, under bhghtus depasng military co.,
So closely are the upper and lower valleys Of the Mis-
sisspDl hound together by interest that when II
burned IN Louisiana Indian used fuel in illinois
The OF the Southern consrner brings bankruptcy
upon the Northern producer When the capacity OF tne
one buy annhilaed the ability OF the other 70 pro-
duce s weakened OF destroyed. Ibis single instance
FROM many equally strong, shows that neither In North
Southern Union the conflicting interests Of
agriculture commerce and manufactures be adjusted
POLITICAL INTERESTS, ETC,
The division OF our Union into two or more con
fsdcracies would reopen in each those Questions o.
distribution Of power and elatopship botween states
which were settled BY our national constitution Even
now the centraiizatipn OF power and patronage
at tho national capital causes uneasness In those
States which now are, or wiz sson become.
the mos; popuous. The Senate can prevent the
passage or repeal Of laws by tue House, which
represents the popular will, aud At the sasne
time c.. control tho piwer OF the Executive by rejecting
treat 90 formed or noinat,ons made by tho President
AZ this time 70 dictate the organization the
executive department This BODY Also has the aavanssSe
Of longer Of Office while Il IL farther removed
from popular control u ia In this powerful. branch or
government that States have an equal Representatives.
Even under our present Union Il for the interest y
the small States to centraiize power IN the national go
most influential branch OF tina. government. All nov
acquiescc in that compromise Of the constitution
the best adjustment which Can be made between the
larger and smaller States
81 cnc as oil tho States OF present Unon were
represented in Congress this tendency was cnocksd ~
different sections OF our country ana somewhat oquany
among tho agricultural commercial and manufacturing
regions Hitherto injurious or Irritating results nave
been caused division Of tho Union,or the distran-
chsesen of the Southern States BY putting THEM BACK
into the condition or Territories or represe "a
ton dictated by the military power OF governments.
would make inevitable readJustment OF po.ticas
power. If the southern States are cut on o. eis.rss
this 70 ths public nina In the Nnrtnera mon W
group SIX small New England States. with New Jersey
aud Delaware lying the Atlantic coast, Tar remover
from the central and Western sections s our countrys
with un,od populations only about eSaas y that OF thu
state would balance the controlling brauoh Of the nA-
tona the great producing States Of New York,
Pennsylvania, Ohio Indiana, Illinois, Michigan Wiscun-
sin and Iowa In few years each o. snc,s states T, VIZ
This disparity Of political power would DO Increased ~
the fac. that the population and pursuits Of New Enyane
confined within very limited boundaries have ths uaa-
furmy OF one community, while the larger States nave
diversified distinctive pursuits to prevent them from
ahs danger o. controversy would be increased BY or
vsst national debt. This mainly, held by Few Atlantic
tates dvdesOur country INTO the perIos sections, re-
this debt cannot be dused over our country 30 tnas
the same communities which pay taxes WIN receive ~
growing this debt would DO largely gained by tho
cedtcr States, which enjoy this dsproportonass
share of political power Tho great producing States
woaid be compelled to pay heavy taxation 10 other
communities at time when the division Of our Unoa
heavy duties would tend 70 diminish the demands q
foreign countries for their productions. No l0O
forward to such agitations and discussions without The
deepest concern.
The smaller States, grouped upon the shores Of hs
Atlantic, all original parties TO the constitation
They goriousiy associated with tho history Of to
Revolutionary eatruggle. They bear names that are
honored and have memories that are cherished in every
part Of the land They must not, through tho folly q
blind and bycted leaders, lose the great special political
powers which given to them BY the compromises 6
the constitution They must suffer that instrument,
which them peculiar advantages 10 be weaksA
cd or destroyed
There Is but way to from dcmoralizstioD,
dscnrd and Reputation. Our Union must 10 restore4r
complete all Us parts No section must BE- disoganzsa
made feel that the mighty efforts We are making -
Union stimulated by purpose 10 restorU
peace prosperity and happiness TO every section.
The vigor Of war will be nc eased when public MIND
energies upon the patriotic generous
purpose restore unon for the common good Of ~
sections. II he united upon any bloody, any
barbaross, any revolutionary. uconstitu ional
scheme looking merely 70 the qualification OF hatred. o.
pur Poses Of party ambition, or sectional advantage.
Every exeron OF power every influence 81 persussos,
every reconciliation must be used 10 restore
this i'non TO ts former condition let demaal
that the blood Of his ncighbor shall he she'd that the
fruits oS the labor OF citizens shall lie eaten ~
tasac to gain this end and then rctuss 20 give up hs
own passions, or to modify his own opinions, 70
country and 10 stop the fearful wAsee
We are now making OF treasure and OF life La
no ono think that the people who have refused -
yield Union rebellion the sorth will permit Ito
restoration % be prevented by ansiiesm ., tho NORTH
coSCLt SOY.
The pervadng sentiment OF the grea; controlling
lions OF our country viii not only Union, bat
will do way harnonizns with The gen'as Of Oh.
Institutions the q our people, and tho letter and
spirit q our constitution. II viii manifest ITSELF IN the
customary manner By discussion and tclhcaa
seeing that events would render 1t necessary
FOR the people ~ the several States not ON
Is thus 10 address our government, also
10 produce a concert u purpose aud between dR
ferant communities provided Ia the constitution that
"soparess shall make no law ahrdgnx the freedom Of
speech Of the pres the right Of the people peace
ably 10 a.fcmee aud 10 petition the government Tor 80
dress Of grievances.
such expressions oil public opinion with respect Y the
objects tins and the spirit in which Il shcac DO
conducted, ard the end tor which IL should be wAged.
When ,ine public will - clearly expressed It Inust ~
recognized and respected by government. IL VIA
also make ea elective , ~ our WI, 'r rs,,o,v
body of government IN harmony with It's purposes. 10
will influence Congressional action, or IL may lead 10
Tho condition OF cur country ia not hopeless unless IL .
made so by psssons and preudces which nconsis-
tent with tie government; OF great country. This war,
with all tr evils. has taught III great truths which
accepted BY people, wh mace the future relations
OF the various sec lions % Union tho
nrrnees basis. II has made us know the vslus q
the Union Itself, not only in our internal, bus IN
sour foreign relations: II has given Us wisdom ana
knowledge OF each other. which, bud rorsessc earlier,
would have averted our present csames.
n the interests OF different sections Of our country are
conflicting respects, they 50 balanced as6
adjusted BY nature that there II srepresible ten
teury to intercourse, harmony and Union. This ten
dercy must IN ths end overcome mutual rn,sap-
rrchcnson. We have also learned the great
trsl strength o; the North and u the Eouth, aDA
AMID all tho bitterness Of feeling enEeudered By
the war each yecton has been taught respect th0
pewer, rosocrcesvAnd courage Of the other.
We must aooert the cou6tcn % anars they stand-
Al this moment the fortunes country Influences
BY the results III battles. Our srrals In the field muse
be supported; Aeonsttuto emands o. our generas
government mus, be promptly responded 20.
But alone wiipno save th. Union. The rule OF ae-
which used 20 put down ordinary insurrccito0
IL not srpi cable Widespread armed resistance -
great communities u is weakness and folly to shut our
eyes 20 this srgth.
rrier 10 circumstances the division OF the Un,oa