Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1862-07-29


greatly retarded by slavery. IL the North had
rel aimed, and the South abolished slavery, their
relative positions would have been reversed
Virginia would have tahsn the place Of New
YORK, Maryland of Massachusetts,, Delaware Of
Rhode Island, Kentncky Of Ohio, Missouri OF
Illinois, and Tennessee Of indiana.
i shall begin with Maryland, because in pro-
portion to her area, she has greater natdral ad-
and IL the comparison with the free States s most
unfavorable 20 her, 1t will be more so as to any
other Southern State, az the census shows, that,
from 17s0 10 1850, and from 1850 to $780, the In
crease Of population in Maryland per square mile,
wss greater than in any other slave holding State
Maryland borders for 200 miles the great free
State Of Pennsylvania, and Delaware 130 miles,
whose slaves have decreased from 1857 10 1890, TO
name only. ID laware, (like Maryland,) is also
loyal State, and would be the last to leave that
Union, which 1t was her glory the first to enter,
and by a unanimous vote, under the constitution
Of 1857 On the west, Maryland is bounded by
Preston county, Virginia. containing in 1860 a
free population Of 10 ,3I2, and 81 slaves only OF
the eight counties Of the eastern shore Of Mary
land. all but one border on Pennsylvania or Del
aware, and Of the western shore, all but five bor-
der on Pennsylvania or this District These six
counties which border neither Delaware or
this District, contain far les, than one-seventh
the population Of Maryland. Western Viz
ginia, bordering Maryland on the south and
west. has just voted, with great unanimtY,
tn abolish slavery, and proposes to become a
this District where slavery Is now abolished, pro-
ducing serious losses and embarrassments to the
State The two counties Of Prince George and
montgomery, adjoining this District, con lined
IL ,7sO slaves "a 1850, being more than any other
two counties of MARYLAND and more than o. eff b
Of the slaves In the S'1ts. How long can slave :
endure ard Of what value is II In these count :,
where every slave ought or sent to the District
Is free, and where it Is already seriously con md
ed, that the language Of the Constitution "Slaves
in one State. escaping into another" cannot az
yply to this District Indeed, with the feeling so
intensified already by this rebGllion against sls
very, V cannot long exist In MARYLAND Bv ad-
vancing legislation and public sentiment, the fu-
gitive slave law 10 becoming imperative, ard
slaves in Maryland are now held by most pre-
carious tenure. speak Of the iacts as they a. e.,
and not az sanctioning any violation or evasion
Of the Constitution Indeed, unforeseen ever 5,
as this terrible rebellion progresses, may sweep
slavery from Maryland, without compensation or
colonization. 3
But, in dependent Of present or future perlls, It
is proposed to prove, mainly by the census, th t
all the material interests Of Maryland would be
greatly promoted by her prompt acceptance ef
the offer OF Congress. We must consider the
area soil, climate, miner, hydraulic power, loca
ton, shore line, bays, sounds and rivers, and
such other causes es affect the prOgrec OF we lth
and population In all cases, except where err
rTsSSy stated, the population includes slaves and
free.
The relative progress Of Maryland has been
slow, indeed. The Total population Of the Union,
by the census Of 1890, was ,929 s27, OF which
Maryland, containing then ,72S, constituted a
twelfth part, (12 % In 1s60 the Union number
ed 81 ,445 0S0, and Maryland 667 ,03i, constituting
then only 45th part (45.76.) In 1890, the free
States numbered /, ,96S, ASS, Maryland's populg-
ton then being equal to onesixth, % Il, but In
$780, the population OF the free States was 18 S2O
07S, Maryland's number then being equal only to
one twenty seventh part (27 SO But, IL Mary
land had increased as rapidly, from 1879 to 1890,
as the whole Union, her proportion, ne-twelfGh
Day 1T haun her hers N
2,62O, ,3l5, and IL her proportional increase had
eQ allied that Of the free States, her ratio, one
sixth, would have pade her population In 1860,
3 ,I53, 1872. Froa her small area, (seven States
being smaller ) she would moi have reached either
of these results, but before closing these letters,
IL will be proved that, in the absence Of slavery,
her population In 1850, would have been at least
1.755 ,e6l, or the same per square mile az Massa-
chusetts and Baltimore, bearing the same ratio to
this number az to Maryland's present population,
would have contained in 1850, 5i2, 600 instead OF
2l2 600, her present number.
i take the areas from the able report (Nov. 90,
1s60 Of the Hon Joseph , Wilson, then Com
y, lssioner Of the General Land Office, where
these areas are for the first time accurately given
by actual admeapurement " excluding the water
suffice" The population 70 taken from the GEN.
sus, the tables of 1850 and 1850 being compiled
with great ability, by the present super ntendent,
the Hon J C.. G Kennedy. | compare first Mas
sachusetts and Maryland, because they are mari
time and old states, and both In 1870 had nearly
the came population, but as will be shown here
after, with vastly superior natural advantages in
favor OF Maryland
Afea Of Maryland, IL ,12I square miles, shore
line by tables OF United States Coast Survey viz:
main shore, including bays, sounds, &c, SOB
miles, islands, 29s, rivers to head Of tide water
535 total 1896 miles.
Area OF Massachusetts, 1900 square miles, shore
line by tables OF United States Coast Survey, viz:
main shore, including bays, sounds, &c, 43j
miles, Islands, 259, rivers to head Of tide water,
20; total, 7bi miles When we mark the Poto-
mac and its tributaries, the lower Susouehanna,
the de- p and numerous streams ofthe Chesapeake,
ths commercial advantages Of Maryland over
Massachusetts, are vast indeed Looking at the
ocean shore Of MsrYlanG, and also at the Che.a
peake Bay, the largest and nhest estuary In the
world, indented with numerous sounds and nsvi-
gable inlets tSree fourths of Its length for both
shores, being within nisrTIand and compare this
deep and tranquil and protected basin, almost
one continuous harbor, with the rock bound coast
Of M Massachasetts, lashed by the stormy ATLANTIC,
the superiority Of Maryland 10 striking.
Mortality In Maryland, by the late census, via
deaths from lst June, 1855, to 3ist May, lS61,
: $40 persons. Same time In Massachusetts, 2I,-
5es, making the ratio Of deaths to the number
living In siarvland, one to every 90, (s3 20,) and
In Massachusetts, one TO every 81, (57,7s) and the
per centage Of deaths In MARYLAND Les, and In
Massachusetts, 173. This rate Of mortality for
Mss, ,achusetts is confirmed by the late OF ella! re-
port Of their Secretary Of State to the Legislature
As to area, thsn, Maryland exceeds Massachu-
setls 43 per cent as To tie shore lne that OF Ma
rvland u nearly dOuSte tna{ OF A.Hssec huSetts,
having 6e miies more Of main shore, bays an9
sounds, IS miles more for islands, and nearly
eight times the number OF miles for rivers 10
head Of tide water. As to climate, that OF Mary
land, we have reen, Is far the most salubTiOus.
fhis Is a vast advantage, not only in augmented
wealth and numbers, from fewer deaths, but also
as attracting capital and emigration. This milder
and more salnbrious climate, gives to Maryland
longer periods for sowing, working and harvest
Ing crops, more genial sun, larger products. nd
better and longer crop seasons, great advantages
for stock, especially In winter, decreased con
sumption Of fuel, greater period for the use OF
hydraulic power, and OF canals and nayigable
streams. The area OF Maryland at for prol "a BILE
culture, 10 more than double that of Massachu-
getts, tins soil Iauch more fertile It's mines Of coal
and Iron, with the fuKes all adjacent, rich and
IneIhaustihle, whereas Massachusetts las no coal,
and no valuable mines Of iron or fuxes. When we
reject that ceal and iron are the great elements
Df modern progress, and build up mighty en-
pires, this advantage OF Maryland over Massa-
ehusetts, II almost fncalculable. The hydIauli Tic
power Of Maryland also greatly exceeds that Of
Such ara tue vast natural advan-
sages Of Maryland over Massachusetts. Now let
a. observe the results. Population Of Maryland
In $780, $40 7 N 1860, 657 ,03i, increase 367 300
Population Of Maqachusetts In 1888, 37s, ,7l7, in
le60, 23l ,065 increase $50 ,34s difference Of In
crease in favor Of Massachusetts,, 4s5 0is excess
Of Massachusetts, over Maryland in 1850, 55, ,9es,
ma Ia "a no Vtk,T. d