Daily intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, Va. [W. Va.]) 1859-1865, 1862-12-29

New York far surpasses that of virginia !;
and this isthe branch OF industry supposed
to be most inJuriousIy affected by high tar
IDS, aud New York has generally voted
against them with as much unanimity as
Virginia. But there is still more eonclu-
sive proof. The year 1884 was the COM
mencement Of the era of high tariffs, and
yet from 1890 to 1920, as proved by the
census, the per eentage of increase of New
York over Virginia was greater than from
1890 to 1860.
NEWSPAPERS AND PERIoDIcALs.-Tbe num-
bet of newspapers and periodicals in New
| York IN 1850 was b42, of which 1866 were
political, 66 religious, 63 literary, So mis-
eellaneousi and the number of copies cir
I culAted 10 1850 was $40, $50 ,ss4. Census
tables, Nos 10, 37.) The number 10 Viz
RiuiA was l39, Of which lit were political,
10 religious, 3 literary, 6 miscellaneous;
and the number Of copies circulated 10
1860 was 26,672 ,56s. Thus the annual
| circulation of the press in New York was
twelve times rs great as that of YirginiB,
As to periodicals: New York had SO mouth
lies, of which were political, 25 relig-
! ious, "a literary, and IS miscellaneous; 10
quarterlies, of which were religious and
8 literary; ANNALS, of which two were
political, 2 religious and miscellaneous;
! Virginia had monthlies; on which was pO-
| liucAl, religious, literary, and one mis-
cellaneous; and no quarterlies or ANNALS.
The annual circulation Of the New York
! monthlies was 2,O45, 900; that of Virginia
was $4,000; or more than 43 to in favor
/ of New York.
Asregards schools, colleges. academies,
1 libraries and churches, must take the CEN
sus of 1850, those tables for 1860 not be-
| ing yet arranged and printed. The num-
Der OF public schools in New York in 1850
was 1850. teachers IS ,e66, pupils 675,.
22li colleges, academies, etc., pupils, 52,-
COL; attending school during the year, as
returned by families, 500, ,329, native adults
\ Of the State who cannot read or write, 90, :
BAL. Public libraries, IL, ,0l3; voiumns,
| 1890, $50. Value of churches, S2l, l,53s,-
5Gl.-Oomp Census, 1850.
Tho number Of public schools in Virgin
ia in 1850. was 1887 teachers, 3,eO5; pu-
| pills, GLASS colleges, academies, ETC., pu-
Epils. lO,326 attending school during the
year, as returned by families, lO9,7 ,775; ma
tive white adults of the State who cannot
read or write, "a, ,s6S. Public libraries, 81;
volumes. 8s,462. 1Tulue Of churches,
2rsO2t t220 dolls. (GOmpend. of Census of'5O.)
| By table l55, same cOmpend. the per cent
age of native free population in Virginia
over twenty years of age who cannot read
LEX :
North Carolina, 80, "a; In Maryland, IL 10;
in Massachusetts,, O,32, or less than one
third of one per cent. ~. 5.r. sHsE r.l
! In New England, the per centagS of ma
tive whites who cannot read or write is
i DAP, or less than one-hnlf of one per cent:
and iu the Southern States 2O,2O, or fifty
1 to one in favor of New England. (COm.
pend, table 1917 Bat, IL we take the
whole adult population OF Virginia, inclnd-
\ ing whites, free blacks, and slaves, 42,O5
i per cent, or nearly one-half, cannot read
or write and in North Carolina, more than
one-ha cannot read or write. .l-.
We have seen by the above Official tables
| of the census of 1850, that New York,
compared with Virginia, had nearly ten
times as many pupils at schools, colleges
and academies, twenty times as many books
in libraries, and largely more than seven
| times the value of churches; while the ra-
| tio of native White adults who cannot read
or write was more than ten to one iu Vir-
| giniA, compared with New York. We
have seen, alsO,l that in North Carolina
nearly One-third of the native white adults,
and in Virginia nearly one-ffth cannot read
or write, and in New England in 400, in
New York in every 13l, in the South and
Southwest L in every IL of the native
white adults. Comp. p. l53.
These official statistics enable me, then.
again to say that slavery is hostile to the
progress OF wealth and education; TO sci.
euce and literature; TO schools, colleges
and universities; TO books and libraries, to
churches and religion; to the press; and;
therefore, to free government; hostile 70 the
poor, keeping them 10 want aud Ignorance;
hostile to labor, reducing Il to gerVitude,
aud decreasing twO-thifds the Valne Of its
produce; hostile to morals, repudialing
al . \
dition, classifying them by law as goods
and ehattels, darkeuiug the immortal soul.
and making it a crime to teach millions of
human beings 10 read and write.
Surely such system is hostile to ctviIi-
zation, which consists in the education of
the masses of the people Of a country, aud
not of the few only. A State, oue.third
Of whose population are slaves, classified
lby law as ehattels, aud forbidden all in
struotion, and nearly one.fifth Of whose
adult whites caunot read or write. is semi
civilized, however eniightensd may be the
ruling classes. II highly educated chief
or parliament governed Cbiua or Dahomey,
they would still be semt.efvilized or bar.
barous countries, however enlightened
their rulers might be- rr!1l
The real diseprd between the North and
the South is NOT only the difference be-
tween freedom and slavery, but between
civilization aud bArbarism caused By slaV.
cry. When We speak of civilized nation,
We mean the masses Of the people, and not
the government or rulers only The eu-
llightenuert Of the people is the true critic
frion of civilization, and any community
that falls below this standard Is 6arbarous
or semi civilized 'a 1 i7
In countries where kings or OIiEarehies
rule, the government may be maintained.
(hoWever unj9stIy,) without educating the
massesi bat, in Republic or popular gov
eminent, this is impossible and the tielu.
ded masses OF the South never could have
been driven into this rebellion, but for the
Ignorance into which they had been piuuQ.
ed By slavery I nor Is there any remedy for