Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1862-07-29

saiuority, In shore line and navipable rivers in
teILY nsn,i OF SOL and hydraulic power, in more
and especially with the We est, and nearer sup.
plies OF cotton-and above all, in coal and iron,
1t IL clear, In the absence Of slavery, Maryland
must have contained in 1s6O a population of at
least two millions. BY the census of $780, Mas
sachusetts was the fourth in population OF all the
States, and Maryland the sixth, but in 1860 Mas
sachusetss we, the seventh and Maryland the
nineteenth, and IL each Of the thirty four States
increases In the same ratio from 1860 to 1870, as
from 1850 to 1850, Maryland will be only the
twenty fifth State. ..----------- -
These fac, all conclusively attest the terrible
tdects Of slavery on Maryland, and is only one Of
tee dreadful sacrifices she as made In retaining
the Institution. AS to wealth, power, and intel
leetual development, the loss cannot be over
Nor can manufactures account for the differ
ence, as shown by the sll greater increase of the
Agricultural northwest. Besides, MARYLAND
lomitting siavery,l had far greater natural ad-
vantages for Manufactures than Massac husetts
She had more fertile soil, thus furnishing
cheaper food to the working classes, larger end
more accessible coast, and nearly eight times the
length Of navigable rivers, greater hydraulic
power, vast superiority in mines Of coal and iron
FAR more salubrious climate, cotton, the great
staple OF modern industry much nearer to Mary
land, her location far more central for trade with
the whole Union, and Baltimore, her chief city,
nearer than Boston to the great West, viz: to the
Ohio at Pittsburg and Cincinnati, the MIssissip-
pl at st Louis, and the lakes at Ciraveland, Toll
edo and Chicago, by several hundred miles In
deed, but for slavery Maryland must have been
1ar greater manufacturing as well as commefci
State than MasSachusstts-and as to ayricultu. e.
there could be no comparison ..
But Massachusetts did not become munuf
turing State until after the tariff of 1921 Tb :.
measure, as well az the whole protective policy,
Massachusetts earne"ty opposed In lS20 and 1924,
and Daniel Webster as her representative, de.
nounced II ss unconstitutional. From 1890 to
1890 Massachusetts was commercial not manu-.
fscturing5 and yet, from 1890 to 1920, Massachu-
retts increased in numbers li4 ,d42, and Maryland
10 the same time, only 81 622 Yet, from 1890 to
$50, Massachusetts,, the most commercial state
as far moe injured by the embargo and the late
var with Eng and, than any other State
There Is one tnrarfobLs idtD, whether we com
p're all the slave States with all the free States
small States with small, large with large,old
with old, new with new retardine the progress
Of the slave-holding States, ever operating and
differing in degree only.
rhe area of the nine free States enumerated in
1890, is 1859 Cos square miles, and OF the eight
slaveholding States 300, $50 square miles whilst
the population OF the former In 1890 was l. &c.,
ass, and Of the latter, 1851 372 bnt in 1850 these
nine free States had population Of 1O. .59I, ,I6s.
aud those eig ht slave States only 74I4 6Si, max!
Ing t. difference n favor Of these free States In
1860 over those sl1ve States ,179 s44 instead Of
1853 IN 1870, or positive gain to those free
Stat>s over those slave States Of 172 76l These
fee States enumerated in 17SJ and 1860, were the
six New England States-New York, New Jer-
sey, and Pennsylvania; and the slave States
We're, Delaware, Maryland, Virginia, North and
South Carolina, Georgia, Tennes ee and Ken
tucky-yet we have seen that the area Of those
slave States was nearly double that OF those free
States, the soil much more fertile, the climate
more salubTious, as sb own by the census, and the
shore line, including main shore, bays and
sounds, Islands and rivers, to head Of tide water
was, for those free States, AS0 miles and for
those slave States, $500 miles Thus, 1t is clear,
that the Increase of population OF these slave
Stltes should have far exceeded that Of those free
States. The population Of these slave States per
square mile in 1890 was six, 1884, and in 1850,
"a, ga SO and Of those free States In 179U was
eleven per square mile, I'll ,6O,) and in 1850, 62
per square n lie, (6!,4 "A Thus, whilst the in
crease VI those slave states from 1870 to 1861 was
only 15 per square mile that Of those free States
was nearly 81 per square mile $50 $40 or In very
nearly triple ratio, whilst In wealth and educa-
ton the proportional? progress was much greater
| shall consider In my next letter the relative
advance of Maryland and Massachusetts in tosaAh
and education from l7tO to 1850, the result ap-
pearing incredible, but for the authentic facts
No cause, except slavery, can be assigned for this
wonderful difference, for, In intellect the colo
nists OF Maryiand were equal to those OF Maasa.
chusetts, and long preceded them In religious
federation and gentle culture Whilst the ad-
vance OF NJ assachusetts with her limited area and
s.erile soil, especially Ia view Of the thousands
OF her native sons who have emigrated to other
States, 10 one OF the wonders OF the world, vet,
the relative increase of the population Of New
Jersey from 1870 to 1860, compared with that of
Mary land, 10 still greater than that of Massac hu-
disappears Population Of New Jersey, in 1890,
lS4 l39 in $780, 672 035, being an increase OF 26i
per cent C26i 96) for New Jersey, Of 225 per cent
(225 co. for Massachusetts, and for Maryland ia
per cent. (liS5) The ratio Ofincrsase per 90 uare
mile from 1890 to 1860 was-Massac husetts,
iS 55 In 1896, and 157 SO in 1850; Maryland 2s "a
In 1890, and 6l 20 in 1850, and New Jersey, 22 OIL
in 1890, and ~ 20 in 1861 Thus whilst Mary
her ratio OF increase per square mile 2S "a TO 76)
and Massachusetts, a little more than tripled her
ratio (ae.55 to 1E .S2l, New Jersey very nearly
qEadrBptsd heJ-ze OIL to ~. ~. 1t must be con.
ceded, however, that the natural advantages OF
New jersey are greater than those Of Massachu.
sets. Now the area Of New JeTsey Is but g. 800
square niles the soil of Maryland 10 Gar more fer
tile, tie hydraulic power much gieater the shore
line much more than double, Viz: 53l for New
jersey, to 1886 for Maryland, whilst New Jersey
Win rich Iron mines, has no coal, and one third
oi her area 10 souih Of the celebrated Masons and
Dixon's line, the northern boundary Of Mari land
The comparison, however, which ! shall present
OF New York and Virginia, will be the most as
founding, while little isss remarkable will he
found that OF North Carolina with Pennsylvania,
Kentucky with Ohio, Tennessee with Indiana
Georgia and Missouri with Illinois, Arkansas
with Michigan, Alabama and Texas with Iowa
or Minnesota, Mississippi and Louisiana witb
Wisconsin, Delaware with Rhode Island, South
Oarolins With Maine or Vermont. All, however
prove the same idio and exhibit the same para
ly zing effect Of slavery. Whilst the Free States
have accomplished these miracles :. PROGRESS,
tneY nave peopled seven vast territories (soOn by
subdivision 10 become many more StatesJ emi.
grafton TO which has been almost exc usi civ from
the North, as compared with the South IL 4,
clear, that II the South retains the institution II
Will, before the close Of this cen tury sink into
comparative insignifcance. and contain less than
a sixth In population Of the Union. After the
calanities which slavery has brought upon the
SOuth, the ruin and desola icp the rebehion has
already accomplished there, who from the North
or from Europe will hereefter emigrate 10 any
State retaining the system, whilst thousands of
the native sons o. the South have already fed
North or to Europe, and hundreds Of thousands
VIII follow. ~ -
The slave State which has increased nost rap
idly TO the square mile, Of all OF them from 1899
to 1860, has had smaller augmentation per
square mile than that free State which has in.
creased most SIotcIy per square mile during the
same tibae 81 althe free States, and the result Is
the same al To- veal h ana education alse Under
the best circumstances for the slave States and
the too.a for the free States, this result proves
the uniformity Of the rule, dixie til great law of
grayitation,) knowing no exception TO the effect
Of slaye,y, in depressing the progress Of States
In population, wealth and education Would
we then In all these advance more rapidly, we
must remove slavery and pegroism, the retarding
cause. ] know, II Is asked, how shall we then
cultivate the cotton lands OF the South without
slaves This does not apply to the border States
hnt hCfn AHA,