Lewistown gazette. [volume] (Lewistown, Pa.) 1843-1944, 1862-08-06

shores being within Maryland. and comnars
this deep and tranquil and protected ha
almost one continuous harbor, with the rock
pound coast of Massachusetts, dashed by the
stormy Atlantic, the superiority of MARYLAND
is striking. '~iu
mortality In Maryland, by the late census.
VIZ deaths from the LIST of June. 1859 r.
3lst OF May, 1860, 1870 persons. Same time
IN massachusetts, q, ,304. making the ratio of
deaths to the number living in MARYLAND, one
to every SO (93 20) and in Massachusetts one
TO every 81 Isl 78), and the percentage of
deaths in Maryland LOG. and in Massachu
setts LIB. This rate of mortality for Mas
sachusetts is confirmed by the late official re.
port OF their Secretary of State to the Legis.
lature.
As to area, then, Maryland exceeds Mas
sachusetts 43 per cent. as to the shore linz
that of Maryland is nearly double that Of
Massachusetts, having 69 miles more of main
shore, bays and sounds, 38 miles moro for
islands, and nearly eight times the number of
miles tor rivers to head of tidewater. AS TO
climate, that of Maryland we have seen. ia
tar the most salubrious. This is vast adran.
tage, not only in augmented wealth and nun
oers, from fewer deaths, but also as attract.
ing capital and emigration. This milder and
more saiubrlous climate gives to MARYLAND
longer periods for sowing, working and har
Ecstins crops, more genial sun, larger pro
ducts, and better and longer crop seasons
great advantages for stock, especially in win
ter, decreased consumption of fuel, a greater
period Tor the use OF hydraulic power and of
canals and navgabIe streams.
The area Maryland fit for profitable cult
ure Is more than donble that of Massachus.
etts, the soil much more fertile. its mines of
coal and iron, with the fuxes all adjacent
rich and Inc xhaustible, whereas Massachus
etts has no coal and no valuable mines of
iron UT fuxes. When we reflect that coal
and iron are the great elements of modern
progress. and build up mighty empires, this
advantage OF Maryland over Massachusetts, is
almost incalculable. The hydraulic power
OF Maryland also greatly exceeds that of Mas
sachuSetts. Such are the vast natural adyan-
tages OF Maryland over MASSACHUSETTS Now
let US observe the results Population of
Maryland In 1870, 3l9,72S in 1860, 6S7, ,024
increase, 367 300, Population of Massa
chusetts in 1870, 3IS,7I in 1860, 1921 ,O65
increase, S52,348. Difference of increase
In favor OF Massachusetts, 485 ,04S. Excess of
MASSACHUSETTS over Maryland in 1870, 5S. .989.
and in 1860, 54t,03I This result is amaz
ing when we regard the far greater area of
Maryland aud other vast natural ADVANTAGES
The population of Maryland in 1890 was Is
to the square mile (2874), and in 1860 81 to
the square mile (6l.76l, whereas Massachu
setts bad 48 to the square mile in 1870 AS 55)
and l3l to the square mile in 1860 (l57 82),
Thus MASSACHUSETTS had only &c more to the
square mile in 1890, and 90 more to the
square mile in 1860
But if the areas Of Maryland and Massa-
chusetts had been reversed, Massachusetts
with the area of Maryland and the popula-
ton OF Massachusetts of 1860 to the square
mile, would have numbered them I.755,66l.
and Maryland, with the area of Massachu-
sets and the population of Maryland Of 1860
TO the square mile, would have had then a
population of only ISL ,72S upon that basis,
leaving Massachusetts in 1860 /, ,273, ,393 more
people than Maryland. Thus is the asser.
tion in former part Of this letter now prov
ed, " that in the absence of slavery. the pop.
ulation of Maryland in 1860 would have then
been at least l,755 COL, and Baltimore at
least 542, ,0OO.2 But, in view of the many
other natural advantages of Mary land, as
shown IN this letter viz : in climate and salu.
brlty. in shore line and navigable rivers, in
fertility Of soil and hydraulic p1wer. in
more central location for trade with the whole
Union, ami especially with the West, and
nearer supplies of cotton-and above ALL in
coal and iron, it is clear, in the absence Of
slavery, Maryland must have contained in
lS6O population of ut least two millions
By the census Of 1920 Massachusetts was the
fourth in population of all the States. and
Maryland the sixth, but in 1860 Massachu
setts was the seventh and Maryland the nine
teenth, and if each Of the thirty four States
increases in the same ratio from 1860 to 1870,
as from 1850 to 1860, Mary land will be only
the twenty fifth State
These facts oil conclusirely attest the ter
rible effects Of slavery on Maryland and is
only one of the dreadful sacrifices she has
made in retaining the institution. As to
wealth, power, and intellectual development,
the loss cannot be overstated.
We shall give the conclusion of this
convincing letter next week.