Memphis daily appeal. [volume] (Memphis, Tenn.) 1847-1886, 1862-01-21
BY HON. T. BUTLER KING, CORNERSTONE
FROM THE STATE OF GEORGIA

ing memoir in explanation Of the objects Of his mission
IT was foreseen by the government Of Georgia that Tie
Great poiftical movement which was being igsugurated
by the Southern States must necessarily produce very
imPScsant changes in Their eommsTeiA int course, and
that, without Suitable and timely explanations il wss MOI
reasonable TO suppose the great manufacturing and con-
msfcial powers Of Europe would comprehend the very
-reat advantages presented for their consideration bg
the secediHg States. II was therefor, deemed propert5
appoint q special commissioner for that purpose. But
before proceeding TO consider commercial questions the
Undersigned desires very briefly, 10 correct ne mistakes
which appear 50 generally 70 pervade the European mind
respecting the framework Of the government Of the Uni
tedstatss, the mode and manner Of its formation, and 70
show that the S nthsrn States had a perfect right 70
secsde from the Union.
The ideas which seem 10 prevail in Europe are that the
states composing thr American Union are mere depart
meuts or provinces Of the Federal goyerHmsn. and that
every attempt on their partt 70 lesve the Union into which
they voluntaTi Y entered, each acting by and for itself a.
Ss0vereiTn State. is rehelioa or evolution The STAKES
created the Federal government. Il was not instituted
20 be their master, but merely their representative,
clothed with certain powers and charged with the per
1ormancN Of certain clearly defined duties.
When the tli-toen American colonies Of the British
Gown achieved their Independence they were aeknogE
edged by George III 70 D. free sovereign aad indie
pendent States They had agreed 70 certain articles OF
Confederation under which they acied during the war OF
independence. From the peace oiI7s3 t0l5s7Ro change
was made. IN the latter year each State elected dele
gates 20 a convention, for the purpose Of framing e Con-
Ettuton 20 form p "more perfect Union IN thar con
venb~n each state hzi one vote The Constitution
framed byt contains oniy certain limited powers. and ii
provided that al power nor gran ed ~as reserved otAe
StsL-s respectively. Tds Constitution did not 60 into
effect bV authority OF che convent on or The force Of lie
oga provision, bat n was submitted O. the people OF
each STATE TOR their acceptance or rejection. II provided
that when L should be- adopted by HiPe States II should
70 into operation in those Siafes. IT lie other four taes
had not adopted H. they would not have been inciuded
In the form q government which Il proposed some OF
the States delayed lhree ysar-belOre they join
the -nion. Georgia delayed action several months Her
Legislature passed an act calling q convention Of dele
gates, 10 be elect q by the people. - take into cOnsdc
nstonthe roposedConstfuuon Thar convention, on NE
2dday Of January, I435 passed az ordinance accepan4
the Constitution Of the United States. TWAS simply an
st Of the people Of the State which ~ thar time they
held, and have 50 held ever siaee. that they bad the right
b the same process, at any time 70 repeal or rescind.
The States Of the NORTH feeling a strong desire for the
pFisecf8n Of government Tor their man featuring and
eosluierciai interests, and SHOWING that such q policy was
.Et@goaisnc 70 tie interests OF SeataeEnS5aies, nave not
-eessari their fsr1s 20 give q Intimidation construction
70 the Constitution and 80 bring iRta The practice Of
xho government Ghe exigsnces VI acknowledgements. The
srrusxls has been in proRres mere than thirty wears,
during which time other questions Of EtLi greater moment
have SPRING up, snd been Er1fu y connected with this
clamor FOR protection. During that whole period the
E0rthern States have not only faled TO perfopn some Of
aheir nost sacred duties under the Constitution, but have
0penIy vi0iaed fs eeaTest provisions, thereby relieving
the southern States rom al iegal Or moral S0hgG lon 20
rsmRin longer in PolaealssRnectio with them There
never was any legal power 70 bind them in tie Union If
thew should Sc cause % leave H. For tie purpose OF
presenting tbs matter in = perfectly clear Hght 1 annex
q copy Of the ordinance ~ the convention Of Georgia il
I7ss accepting the Consultation Of the United States. and
also a copy Of the ordinance adopted by d convention Of
tie people o. Georgia in January last rgDaaIEg the ordi-
nance Of ICES The action OF the other States was the
EIuaH ds TAnE OF NwoIEd n aEEulucuh Ar ntl AldAr
in 20 ne quarters. that il the original States had the right
20 seoede. the new States had not This is erroneous
The power given by the Constitution 70 Congress 10
admit ne " States into the Union provides that they shall
ne admitted OF the same footing, or terms a. the original
Etztes
financial questions
The people Of England have been 20 long accustomed
20 regard New YORK a. the great commercial emporium
Of tie United Ststes, and 10 form their ideas Of American
wealth and progress ~ being dependent entirely on the
commercial urDsDgFfV OF the Northern States that t has
under the existing state VI political events, become a
dutv. not onlv 70 the Southern States, but Of The greatast
possible Interest % the great Misunderstanding and conner
ciaI countries 81 Europe, and the CAUSES which have
produced this extraordinary accumulation OF wealth and
uulv WONDERED prosperity in the NeFtheTu States should
be clearly stated ana the sources whence they have 0een
derived distinctly traced. 70 tie end that the governments
- those countries may not hesitate 70 perceive how
sasly and Teadiy they may place themselves @ ne SAME
ye8arion. commercially and financially, 70 the planting
Ssates Of the South, thai has heretofore existed between
ne Soathen and Northern sections Of ths American
80 natural want Of fertility in the sol Of the North
eastern States, and "a climate 20 unfIendy 70 agrcutuu
a. 70 lint production to 8 scanty supply FOR home con
Sumption. drove the people a. an carry Day 20 seek
profits in maritime, manufacturing, aud commercial pur
saitN They therefore, sought the early protection Of the
government Duties were laid on foreign tlnnage CON
Ing into the poFts Of the United StaJes, AID foreign vessels
were excluded from al participation ia the eoasang trade
sad a. ssEHeR, were necessary 10 supply ts increasing
-arnare Of lie Northern States, large bountes were
ouered 70 those who engaged IN tie cod and maekeTe
fisheries, on the plea that II was necessary 70 estaoiise d
nyrs.,rv or school Of seamen for nH'ionsi maritime de
Fsnsa During the wa with Great Britain, which CON.
menced ia 1872, small manufacturing establishment
sprung Up al over New England ana Al ne coss y le'
contest the Propuztorsoi uose "nTEs &Ppheo % bohsH7i
for the enactment Of a protective tar1d, under The pTeteE'
and plea that il wquld be wise policy 70 secure a nome
supply IL the event 81 another war, ana uat Withoui
.Drofaetion they could not compete with the skilled indus
trv OF England and France. The South yielded, and the
ts-G ~ Dsss.d T.e merchants Of Boston and Othei
Se4bem cities. seeing tais favorable opening for invest
.ne.r Immediately threw into Il the capital which they
he'd -seeumsiated On the carrying trade previous 20 TIT
-xar thus bringing their wealth and numbers = the sup
VVr and ranks OF the proteeuoniHt-' who, thus strength
ened. were triumphant; and a. new branehes OF manu-
featuring indusry sprung up more pfo'seuou Wa
demanded, and one tariff act znceeeded Anoiher' esei
more protsc1ive ehan the other, until le2s The act o
rhat wear was 40 yiolative Of justice 20 the Southern
states, and Of tie tuie principles o. taxation under t'
shirt Of resistance which threatened the very existene'
81 the government The c~Ompnnmise tarlh OF 10
calmed The public mind Al the aoata bat II caused
FEELING of resenrmSt in theeEorb that has never eeaseI
. seek revenge and restoration q the high protective
sv stem; and II is tEis financial question which UnaefLes
Rad has not e-ssed 70 affiliate nseh WAia, efefy osLs
ranee Of agitation, until it has finally produced th'
disruption q the goYalmeat and which came nsa
producing the SAME resai lelry thTty yeats age ID
.afo1s connected VIII t1 subject called forth ths
bHnerest invecfives against the Souln from stump orators
rtha suba5ise6 press and IRE pui unlA He Whole ho.W
=, mind has beSOme frantic VIII denuncal0us sgalns
what are called She argTesdous OF tue South Whher IA
facf. The South has not been gulty OF q single act o. az
.r,~ion against the North, but, on he contrary, has per
termed ever constitutional duty, AID hsE suffered l4
zas1sei1' by these graspng eE1cuonS ~ te AoLtA
evidence we've wanting % prove .aat.the nAancisl 4u2s
ton underhts the agitation e. the AoTn againsi the Holl
LIE nazsage Of the Morrill, tariff Immediately after 10
sroessfon Of the cotton States, leaving the Pr1feclonlH
with a elear ms5drtv. would be sufficient The campr1
mise Of 1873 provided for the gradual reduction % eos
zous' duties, annually, until $50. whep no more than Z
per cent, Cd rrhoraus was 70 b. Collected IN Ae4& ~
n-otacfiue system was revived The potectye prln,ipi
vrss Eraln eTerfhroVn br the al UeioreH tsrd 90 ~ pc
ceut. IN 1876 which was reduced 20 q per cent. ln lo1
since that tine tn proteetcni-is have allied aleHlss-F,
- every fa1atices O. on /" ,oe eoaHf my ray
offered fae fdr1s in he western territories to fle Gt
Ean and Irish emigrauts and 70 give everything
~erybody,n 70 obtain control Of the government II
ztF has presented the great barrier 90 The aecon
pent Of their lsrpo-es. The south seeing, III q
4 q Nr- Lincoln thai the whole Norm hal o.
Hed in z war 81 aggressive opinion TO be 20
aggressive isE slajioz, which, If necessary vs.
tedsud enforced br Grs and finding Il as
-. - MO, = fhs contest has FHharaHn rom 70
UnIon. d,
,,--S.-5 &c. he X derived from the fiscal operation
al The Federal COVE Saent ealnot r ooIeSuy nc
tanned or estimated v son 2romiae51 go an
results We find that in %1requenoe OF tne PIoel-
policy Of the government
ne < rthern states. which U hJ anOunted 20 oqi
80 "a 5oj, IN valre had Ncres-ed - 5250lS0 do
laE IN 1850, "a increase Of thr zen ne-u-S1 ~ 81
Il r. estimated that il now amount 2 - .19ooo'y<
lars annually. The total value at 1AeUrsctWes III =
$500 se.tes I'M 1870 was 547Q4sls2 d6Nars Ia lSs
thew amounted 70 s~54,626,679 doliarE shoSyng sn z
crease Of about two hundred aud fifty per cent IN e
ne returns under the census % 1860 have MOI y
been published, aud, therefore, We have no onieiai "a
~ show the general state Of industry in the couufEl
ire Etsteg Of sew YORK. aud sfasachusefts gave sta
rsturps for 1883. sud tn0seT eturaf as ooinParea WIZ II
snow wonderful progress 80,
The value Of all manufactures IN Massachusetts, 10 ~
- lll37I45 dollars. and il 1853 they amounted
a7s e9q0Q0 dollars, an increase Of almost two hCldr'
-.~ren+ in five wears. The manufacture q New lol
rnoupted. IN 1855. 20 ss.904 5p3 COLLAR, ana n Ie9
l-4sS dolsr-sh0Wng the prodgtous increase
10 mors than throe hundred per cent IN I'VE yeai
Tbs cengus of1s50 shows that hore two states prodno
more than onshalf the whole amount Of SortaeTn ma
nFacrures. II thev hold tie sasle proportion now, q
1erfbern manutac5ures viii reach l&3UGO0 dolisl
- t77iv aaonishfru development OF manufacturing
5strv has groWn up IN the Northern States since 9
Me- Of 1915 under the influence q the protective :,
u which. by imposing high duueF on foreign goo'
& op,,ed A. : bounty on all domestic ts3Tcs. and ga
70 A-hen manufacturers control OF the southern mari
ms.yerage profit o. twenty-five per cent on the -
OF VI manufactured goods
Feh -, Sats baHavaH to he ear-e