Western Reserve chronicle. [volume] (Warren, Ohio) 1855-1921, 1862-01-15

! do not enter into exports, it will not be diff
4 cult to see, that the capital which, unite
: with labor, has produced these results, mu
2 be fully equal TO the estimate.
The accumulation of this wealth, as III
result of the growth and labor of sixty year
| is one of the most extraordinary facts in tn
growth oftha United States.
In 1850. but three States exceeded in valu
the State of Ohio, and New York alone, tn
present value of Ohio. Virginia was NOR
than one hundred an fifty years older tha
Ohio. 1t had one-third more surface, ha
abundant mines of coal and iron, and com
municated with the ocean by the finest riy
ers and hatbors. Yet, after assessing one
third of her population as property, tn
whole value fell one hundred millions short O
that of Ohio If the future political econo
mist shall search for an illustration of tn
superior value of free institutions, he will
search in vain for one more effective.
After thus surveying our national growtt
we must at last TO social influences and socia
results, as the true tests of what our institu
tions have accomplished In the midst 0
their material prosperity, are the people hap
py, comfortable and enlightened? In tn
absence of any positive test of the interna
state of society, we must resort to such ele
ments of morals, education and religion. a.
in all civilized states are admitted to be tn,
outward signs of social condition.
The principle of an universal public educa
tion was embraced in all the laws and ordi
nances organizing the institutions ofthe State
The United States granted lands, the State
adopted the principle in her Constitution, anC
for half century various laws have been en-
acted, and taxes laid to carry out fully the
original intention, that the whole people
should be educated To do this, however, re-
quired not merely laws and money, but so
cial experience. and adoption of means which
could only be the growth of time. After
many difficulties, and the lapse efniany years,
it has been accomplished ana our scnool sys-
TEN, if not perfect, is certainly gl"ln5 an el
ementary education to the people: it = not
merely the growth of numbers. but tn2
growth Of q system, whose comprehensive
benefits and Influences embrace the whole peO-
pie.
The increase in the extent, and application
Of public education to the people, may be es-
timated from the following proportions, be
tween the population AT given periods, and
the number attending ali the places of eiuca-
ton
1889. 254.6l2. IS per ct, population in school.
1919, 81 sos. IS
1889, 6JJ,u34. % Z"
Tins We find the proportion Of those edu
cafes doubling in twenty years; and if we re
fer TO the scale OF studies, the introduction of
High Schools, and the general advancement
Of pupils, we shall find that the advance in
the quality and value of education Is fully
-IuHi to that in the number of the instructed
There are row over 100000 pupils in all
places of public education. Over one fourth
he entire population in the midst of growth,
ire seeking the moral and intellectual ad
which education confers; and in
his fact lies the sure foundation of social |
liability AMI prosperity.
Referring 70 the outward organization of |
elIgiOn, we find there are five thousand two |
hundred and fifty church buildings, being one |
o each four hundred and sixty persons -
These embrace every variety of Christian
all secured by our Constitution in
all liberty of worship, and each Jealous in
arrying forward its own view
In estimating the morals of society we
ave social tests, in the number and charact
r of crimes, in the number of violent deaths
nd in the number of marriages While we
annot estimate the amount of vice existing
eyOnd the reach of the law. these exterior
ssts afford means of compai ison between
ifferent communities. The facts connected
nth this subject have been for several years
eported by the Commissioner of Statistics.
nd may be briefly stated.
The average number of indictments for
rimes in Ohio, for four years ending 1861.
ras 8. 400 of which One-half were statutory
ffenscs, and the residue crimes against per-
1ns or property. The proportion of crimes
l.. 81. - n I
against property is much less.
The average number of deaths by violence
! Ohio is five hundred, or one in forty sew
u hundred The average number in Frus
q is one in eighteen hundred and seventy
lree. Grimes of violence seem, therefore,
} be much less frequent here than on the
1ntinent of Europe.
The number of marriages in Ohio varies
ut little from one in one hundred; in Prus-
a, one IN one hundred and ten But the
in Germany is probably greater
ian in either France or England. Illegiti-
acy and infanticidc, though frequent in
ensly populated countries, are comparative
rare here.
Reviewing these external tests of social
,ality, we find that, while social evils of
'eat magnitude exist among the most civil
ed states, our own portion is less than in old
countries, and sufficiently moderate to
,ove that the existence of extraordinary |.
eedom has not given rise TO extraordinary
ce. The statistics of the State show that
le-half of all its crimes are due to intemp-
ance. While it is easy to prove that other
ates and other communities, share even
ore largely IN this calamity, it can never
ase to be a subject of profound regret, that :
people placed under the happiest auspices
ould be unable TO deliver itself from an ev- !,
so great and so disastrous.
In concluding this review of material and
cial progress In Ohio, during a period of
zty years, we must acknowledge at once the a.
acious Providence which provided the ele- !
ents of success; the wisdom of the pioneers
hO laid its foundations so wisely ard broad
, and the uutiring labors and Sagacious in / !
lligence of the people who have sustained
d matured its institutions. These institu-
ms were founded on the broadest basis of
eedom, and In vain will other states. and .
her other ages be sought for better results,
a nobier success, or fuller example of :
st and equitable government.
1 take this occasion to say that the Bureau
Statistics provided for bN the Constitution,
ID organized by the act of 1857, has proved
essential service, IN procuring and system
lZlnS accurate information upon the eie- Z
ents, resources, and development Of the
ate The annual movement in each de =
rtment of agriculture, industry, commerce
d society, Is now perfectly determined,
d furnishes Il reliable basis of legislation.-
Itistics, in the most advanced states of Eu- y
pc, have been reduced TO science, and are =
oted and relied upon, by both statesmen =
d philosophers, as the best means of ascer-
ming the true condition of society. If the a =
esent law on this subject was so amended as
provide for ascertaining the number of ?
this and deaths, it would furnish more I
nplete means of determining our moral .
sanitary condition. 1 commend this
9ject to your favor. a
The State Board of Agriculture is perform =
, useful offices in connection with our ag
ultural interests. l earnestly commend 1t
the continued favor of the Legislature, and
st that all proper facilities will be given to . .
% accomplish the greatest beneficial results p p
In that behalf 1 repeat the recommends
=, made to your immediate predecessors, . .
the establishment of an experimental =