davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Tipton advertiser. [volume] (Tipton, Cedar Co., Iowa) 1856-1962, 1862-01-23
SEWING MACHINES.
L. CORN i i i & co.'s
} Family and Manufacturing
$40 SEWING MACHINES.
TAEEART A. EARIl1S PATENY

Ne happy to say to the thousands who are using
machines, and the thousands that them. that
each machine bears the patent license stamp of
GROW Err ~ BAKER. elias Howe, jr.. and all person,
selling using them are secure against any moesta
tion.
Our Ma hines are now just what want them; in
direct competition and on equally popular basis with
the hest made ard highest priced machines in any
ket and they still sold al and A. including
Hemmers (of which we have several styesl. Needles
and everything necessary to the,ruse in family or shop
This makes them still the cheapest. lerit mate and
class Machine in market.
In justice to Machines IA well as our customers
We offer to re jaaa the money in sixty days any
chine which does not wholly satisfy the purclascr.-
This feature alone makes machine worth much
more than other there is necessarily risk
buying most machines.
few OF Is superior qualities are these:--It uses =
straight needle: has great space under the arm;
from two common spoos. neither being fastered and
both in sight, turns on hinges: is secured from and
exposes oil: sever purchase is great er than that
any other machnc;it has hut two regulating screws
and both shove aud in 'front.' the driving wheel en-
trey on;'de OF the table; it requires attean for
ally aretes OF work: 1t Will certainly do necr greater
variety of work than any machine among the hundreds
with which acquainted; its tension IS perfect: it
easily and SIN; it hothcrs nobody; noviccs can
man tge it, None other will satisfy where it is known.
We can safely say that piece of lahor-savng ma
chimcry ever grew rapidly into universal favor
sewing machines. Three years has placed them in the
very front ranks q" first class machines and though
manufacturing facilities have been largely increased We
have not been aide to supply the demands during the
past season. We can fill al! orders. We have ad-
ded to styles the Righsidc Blake & johnson adus-
tale iiemmer and can defy the world to pa oduce
better instruments Tor doing all kinds of sewing and
emfrodery. let every vino j. interested IN the
great improvements in sewing machines. whether they
wish t" pnrchas" not, send Tor Descriptive Circular
and samples stitch.
We must caution the public az inst urrr nciuI.a nd
perfectly irresponsible parties who have claimed to b.
our successors. rlresutI that machines were out
OF mrket and offer away mac hinc Of ours in il,
place, We only sell our own machines Tar-art &
rafr patent and the sole proprieors in eight
Northwestern States. Address
l.. CORNELL & CO.,
Post Office box 81, Chicago, III.
Saii NJ i'3 Lake street. Cup stairS.) vs-no2
The Tipton advertiser. [volume] (Tipton, Cedar Co., Iowa) 1856-1962, 1862-01-23
American Agricvllurist.
-rrYbs rsrm. ia rden, and Household.

t-fUr The TAyfD. Garden, and ftOusehoId.
A thorough. going. reliahlssAnd practices
| Journal devoted to the departments OF Soil Cul
| ture-such MS craving field crops; orchards and
garden fruits; garden vegetables and fiowers;
trees plants and flowers. for the lawn or yard
care OF domcsti. animals, &C., and to household
labors. IL has also an interesting and instruct.
i've department for children and youth.
A full calendar of operations every month.
Three to four hundred, or more illustrative
engravings appear in each volume.
over six hundred plain, practical. instructive
articles and many useful items, are given every
year .
The editors and contributors are all practical
working men. '''
The teachings of the Agricu!turist are con-
fined to no State or Territory, hut are adapted to
the wants OF all sections of the country-t il, as
its name indicates, for the whole American Con-
tinent.
A German Edition is published, Of the same
size and price as the En- glsh, and containing all
Its reading matter, and It's numerous illustrative
cngravings.
TERMS-INvARIABLY IN ADVANCE.
One copy, one year 81 90
Six copies one year. . 90
Ten or more copies one year 80 cts each.
Postage anywhere in the United states and
Territories must he paid hy the subscriber, and
is only six cents year. if paid in advan' e at the
Office where received
All business and other communications sh 1nld
he addressed to the Editor and Proprietor,
ORANGE JUDD,
Ill Park Row, New York City.
f.-Subscriptiuns received at so cents each,
at the Postofiice in Upton. no46
The Tipton advertiser. [volume] (Tipton, Cedar Co., Iowa) 1856-1962, 1862-01-23

E01E@ = -
mississippi and Missouri r. r.
AN and after Monday, Nov. 18th, 1851, and
~ until further notice. trains viii run ~ FOL
Leave wilton for Davenport Chi. 81
cagO. Ct 2.55 r. Y.
Leave Wilton for Marengo and ~ r. u
Leave w1,om f"r Muscatine. 400 30" -:
Arrive at Wilton from Davenport
and Chicago, ll5OAx
Arrive at Wilton from Muscatine, : -" - :, = =
Arriv, at wilton from Iowa City,
Passengers going west make direct eonn n. C.
lions with the Western Stage Co.'s stages for all
points west. .re
Passengers going east make direct come ctions
at Rock Island it'll the Chicago and Rock Island
X. r. trains, for all points east, s,nth and north.
Also with the Galena Dubuque and st. Paul pack
cts at Davenport.
All trains running East connect directly at
Chicago, with all trains over all the roads East
and South. .E-
Passengers are reminded Of the necessity OF
giving distinct directions as to the destination
of their baggage. Also to procure tickets before
taking their seats in the cars.
j.. TRACY, Sup't
A. KIMRAIL, Assistant Supt.
The Tipton advertiser. [volume] (Tipton, Cedar Co., Iowa) 1856-1962, 1862-01-23
Eeocana's German Pills,
PEOF. l.. NII.LER'S
HAIR lNV1HORA'EO

AN EFFECTIVE. SAFE AND ECOSCM!cAL CuNrOrSI
FOR RESTORING GRAY HAIR to its original
color without dyeing, and preventing the hair
from turning gray.
FOR PREVENTING Badness and curing it.
when there is the least particle OF vitality or
recupcratiyc energy remaining
FOR REMOVING SrTRF AND DANDRUFF
and all eutan 'ous affections Of the scalp
FOR BEAUTlFYiNG THE HAIR impa,tins to
it an unequailed gloss and brillancy, making
it soft and silky in its texture and causing /.
ia curl readily.
The yrcHt celebrity and the increasing demand for
this unequaed preparation. convince the proprietor
tina, trial only is only necessary satisfy a dis
corning public Of its superior qualities any
other preparation at present in II ceanses tse
he al and scalp from dandruf and other cutaneous
diseases the hair to grow xurantiy. and gives
it rich. soft, glossy and flexible apr saance and also
where the hair is lensenng and thinning. it will give
strength End yigOr to the roots and the growth
those parts Thich have become bald, causing il to
yield n treshcO rer,Hg Of hair.
There hundreds # ladies and gentlemen in New
York who have had their hair by the of this
Invigorator, when all other preparations had failed
l.. NJ has in his possession letters innumerahIe testify
ing the above facts from persons the highest r..
speciality II will eHcctuaiy prevent the hair from
turning gray until III" latest period II life; and in eases
where the hair has already its color the use of
the Eygorator Will with certainty restore it orig
ina hue, giving 1t dark, glossy appearance. Asa
perfume for the toilet and Hair Restorative it is par
ticuary recommended, having agreeable fragrance.
and the great facilities affords in dressing the hair
which when moist With the Inyi.oator can dressed
in any required form preserve its place wbe
plain in curs-hence the great demand for it by the
ladies' standard toilet article which ought 1,
be without as the price places II within the reach ofa
being ONLY TWENTY-FIVE CENTS per hot
tie, to he had at all respectable druggists perfumers
L. MILLER woaid call the attention of parents and
guardians to the use Of his Invigorator in where
the childrcrs' hair incnes to be weak. The of IL
lays foundation for good head Of hair. as il re-
any impurities that may have become connected
with the scalp the which is necessary ho,h
for the health Of the child, and the future appearance Of
lis hair
C.rTIoN None genuine without the fac simie Louis
MILLER heing the outer wrapper; Also l.. MILLERS'
HAIR RESTORATIVE, N. Y. blown in The glass.
Wholesale Depot. j6 bey st. aud sold by all the prn-
cpal Merchants and Druggists hr6ug bout the world
Liberal discount to purchasers by the quantity. 1
also desire to present to the American public my
The Tipton advertiser. [volume] (Tipton, Cedar Co., Iowa) 1856-1962, 1862-01-23
ANTONIO yERCIA,
Barber and Ilair-DreSSer.

HAS opened BARBER SHOP in Upton, and i. now
- prepared to Shave, Cut and Dress Hair, Shampoo
DC. From long experience he feels confident Of giving
satisfaction. Give him call-'st door West Of the
Union House SHOP closed at o A. M. on sundays
N.B-lIe is ais, prepared to do WITHDRAWING
In the most approved manner. In15y7i
Dc%DER, SHOT Il CAPS, just received, new
J. upply at +. 4 N. CHILDS
The Tipton advertiser. [volume] (Tipton, Cedar Co., Iowa) 1856-1962, 1862-01-23
fSTRAYED

EROM the subscriber, two HEIFER CALVES;
II one red. half Devon. the other red and
white. The finder shall be well rewarded ON
giving information OF their where's bouts 10 me.
SIS. DANIELS.
Upton. Dec IL, lsGl
The Tipton advertiser. [volume] (Tipton, Cedar Co., Iowa) 1856-1962, 1862-01-23
NOTICE.

ALL PERSONS having unsettled accounts
with me. will take this a sufficient notice that
to save cost they MUST call and settle forthwith
s.P. DANIELS.
Upton, Nov. 2Ist, ISGl-iw
The Tipton advertiser. [volume] (Tipton, Cedar Co., Iowa) 1856-1962, 1862-01-23
NEW REMEDIES FOR
SPERMATORsislgUA.

HOWARD ASSOCIATION. PH.LApElrurA.-
IA A Benevolent Institution established by
special endowment, for the relief of the sick and
distressed, afflicted with virulent and chronic
diseases, and especially for the cure Of diseases
Ofthe Sexual organs.
Medical advice given gratis, by the } citing
Surgeon. Valuable reports on Spermatu rhnI
and other diseases of the Sexual Organs nd on
the New Remedies employed in the dispensary,
sent in scaled letter envelopes. free Of charge
Two or three stamps for postag &c acceptable
Address, DIR. J. SKiLINAN HouGHToN. Howard
Association, No. South Ninth st., Philadelphia,
Pa. lJuiy IL, 81; ly1
The Tipton advertiser. [volume] (Tipton, Cedar Co., Iowa) 1856-1962, 1862-01-23
Singers Sewing Machine.
BY STATE AUTHORITY.

Singers Sewing Machine.
FIFTY DOLLARS!
LAYING completed and occupied our great
! fire-Proof Manntaetory-the most perfect
machine shop in the word-we have signafizeA
the event by producing new Family Sewing
aehlne, containing the latest improvements, At
the very low price of
FIFTY DOLLARS!
This great reduction will leave the public
without inducement or exense for buying any Of
the inferior machin which infringe our pas-
cuts Competition will heDccforth become i'm.
possible. A very large reduction has been Dnds
in the prices of all Of
SINGERS STANDARD MACHINES
for manufacturing purposes which arc wells
known to he without any successful rival il ~
Market Much has recently been published II
regard to various stitches made by sewing NJ.
chimes We will take it for granted that all tn,
world knows the fact, at Singers Machines
make inc best stlIcb ever Invented, aud do il In
the best style.
Gss-Send for a copy Of L. H. Singer f. Co.'S
"asstIe, which contains full information about
prices, sizes ETC., Of sowing machines and ,riH be
s"pfhsd gratis. !. NJ SINGER & co,
Jan. ~, 1893: iJS HfodarQv, Ner York.
-.. NOTICE
IShcrehy given to the citizens of eaar county.
! state OF Iowa, that sealed proposals will be.
roeeiVed at tue Clerks Office Of the District
Court until the lst day Of January, A. ID. 1851.
LOT the Keeping Of any poor persons there msy
te ~ SAID county. Said contracts will be let -
the lowest bidder per week, in accordance Win
section 1898 Of the revision OF $780, and by or.
der of the Board of Supervisors.
ALONXD SHAW, clerk
Board of supervisors.
Upton, Nov %. 1861
The Tipton advertiser. [volume] (Tipton, Cedar Co., Iowa) 1856-1962, 1862-01-23

R1Nln A YEAR made by any one with SO rsts,s
Nl4UV stencil Tools; stock enough ;ncmdcd 10 =.
~, 'r aloo with activity this may be veai.
III. ~ y. TWO weeks time The only reliable raasxs -
muse ioo's IL at Eu'am's American Stencil Tool Wosko
NJ afgest and only permanent Napuf,ctory in In
1910 ~oru, located at Springfield, Vt salerrorue. Nt
rn,GWay Nes York, IL Merchnnts' Exchange, nodeOo
ana Springfield, V Photographic view q The Amsst-
can stencil Tool Works 10 be seen AZ tho cncs = thb
paper. These Works command Tire exclusive aod e.
tire control OF the whole RIVER at all seasons and a.
machinery for manufacturing stencil Tools h driven
by wtter wheel IT seventy Ave horse power afford.
ing immense and unlimited advantages. which no other
concern pretend to claim. The $40 outfit b ~
cutting SINAI! name plates c0d business rnris. Tool
for cutting large work OF all sizes furnished for "a
No experience necessary IN using any II these T0oh
DO not fail to send for samples nd circular. AAd
you buy Stencil Tools, be to get Fulams thsy
universally known TO he the only perfect culline
Tools made. Address or apply to
A. J. FtIlAN.
Springfield, Vt, Is Merchants Exchange, Bosees, ~
212 T,rt adwav. New York
The Tipton advertiser. [volume] (Tipton, Cedar Co., Iowa) 1856-1962, 1862-01-23
OLD AND YOUNG
AFFIRM IT'S TRUTH,
We: THAT
Prof. MOnG's Hair Restolasiye

AZ flAh llS ii I Ii,
VIZ THAT
Prof. Woods Hair Restorative
Will preserve, intbly. the and c-ior Of the
hair il or three times week to any ina gina
bic Perfectly restore the gray; the had with
natures ornament the hair MAKE 1t soft aad
beautiful than any oil and preserve the scalp free from
all disease to the greatest age Statesmen. Jnti :es
Attorneys, Doctors Cersyms", Professional men, and
gentlemen and ladies of all classes all the world,
bear testimony that do lot too much in its IA
yor Read the foil wing. and judge -
PROFESSOR ). rliALBERG, PIANIST,
says, on his arrival in the United States. he
rapidly becoming gray. hui applying
Woods Hair restorative his hair recov
cred Its original hue.
CHARES GARDEN. - NASSAU STREET, n. Y.
says the gray hairs m his wifc's head were,
after few weeks trial, turned into dark
brown. al the same time Identifying and
thickenns the hair.
A.C. RAYMOND. BATH, MAINE,
says he is now sixty years Old, an, his hair
and wh,skcrs were two-thres gray, but by
the uf two hotties Of Restorative the gray
hairs have disappeared, both on his head and
face. and is more soft and glossy than for
twenty-five years previous. His wife. at the
age Of fifty two, has used il with the same
effect
FINLEY JOHNSON, ESQ, NEW ORLEANS,
says that he lost his hair by the yellow Few
er. in 1854. lie used Woods Hair Restora-
tive. and his hair is thick ard glossy.
S. NJ. MIDDLETON. LIvINGSTON. ALABAMA
saysthe Restorative ha. done much good in
his part ofthe country. lie used it for bald
hess, and now has fine head Of hair.
T. l.. MORSE. LEBANON, KENTUCKY,
says he has Woods Hair Restorative
used in hundreds Of aases, and never knew it
to fail in accomplishing all it profes,cdto 40.
4. j. ALDEN. MCLANE8BoRO, ILL.
says he had the scaid head eight years, and
was iaid. hut by the liberal use Of Woods
Hair Restorative, he now has rich. glosys
head Of hair.
IT ySoll by all druggists, aud by o. j. wood & Co..
40 Broadway, New York, and ia Market ST., st.
Louis, No, Ovt.s-i7
The Tipton advertiser. [volume] (Tipton, Cedar Co., Iowa) 1856-1962, 1862-01-23

NOTICE.
PROPOSALS will he received at the Office Of
l tha clerk of the district court until the LIST
day of January. lSG2, for the purpose of supply
ing the comfy officers with wood and stationery
for the ensuing year, said contract to be given
to the lowest bidder, as follows to wit:
80 cords Of wood:
realms of legal cap paper "a good quality)
do fooiacap do do
2 do letter do do
1000 mGdum sized envelopes.
doz. bottles Arnud's Ink and boxes steel
pens:
800 large sized envelopes;
l doZ. hroomS:
gal. burning oil good quality;
20 lbs. of candles lStarl:
court record, &C." l2NlS inches, $500 pa ges);
Tax book for lS62, (or pcttern the clerk shall
select:
Assessors hooks, for ii townshps;
qnire Of township riats (blanks);
! Iuir- lar docket:
SgulIc clerks do
beside. blanks which an not able at this time
to des gnate. ALUNIO SHAW.
Cl'k Dist Court Cedar County, Iowa.
Upton, Oct. II. 1851.
The Tipton advertiser. [volume] (Tipton, Cedar Co., Iowa) 1856-1962, 1862-01-23
$4,000 Hogs Wanted.

TINO BIZ DELIVERED ON FOOT 1T our Pork
L House in Mnscatin- during lie months Of
November and Eeccmhcr,
for which the HIGHEST MARKET PRICE in
Cash will he paid.
LELAND < co.
Nuscatne, Iowa. Nov |, lsal-Ho;'
The Tipton advertiser. [volume] (Tipton, Cedar Co., Iowa) 1856-1962, 1862-01-23
DARLING'S
LIVER RECUl ATOR
--ASD-
LIFE RITE RS,


Are pure vegetable extracts. They cure all bill
lious disor Of the human system. They reg
u,ate and nvigOrate the liver and kidneys; they
We tone to the digestive organs they regulate
the secretions. eNcTctions and eAhalalons, equal
ize the circulation. and purify the blood. Thus,
all bilious compiamts-some of which are Torpid
Liver Sick Headache Dyspepsia. Piles. Chil!s
and Fcvcrs Costiveness or Looseness-are en-
tireIy controlled and cured by these remedies.
DARLINGS LIVER REGULATOR
Removes the morbid and billions deposits from
the stomach a-d bowels regulates the liver and
kidneys removing every obstruction, restores
natural and healthy action of the vital organs.
1t is a superior
FAMILY MEDICINE,
Much better than pills, and much easier to take
Darlings Life Bitters
lisa superior tonic and diurctie; excellent in cas-.
4. of loss Ct appetite hatuency, female weak
ness IRE gu!alites, PAIN in the side and bowels,
blind. protruding and bleeding piles and gener-
al debility.
james l.. Brumlcy. merchant. is4 Fulton street
New York. writes, Au4H,I Is, l>n0: Il have been
afflicted with plies, accompanied ~itA bleeding,
the last three years; used
Daliing's Live, Regulator aud Life Rit,c,s
And now consider M self eatisrly cured"
Hon. John A. Cros- writes, "iirpoklyn March
L. lSnn. In the Spring # lejJ took a severe
| cold, Which inIa2e Cd violent fever. | took tWe
| doses OF
DARLIIGS LIVER REGULATOR.
1t broke up my cold ana fever At once previ-
| Gus "a this attack had been troubled with dys-
| pepsa several mouths; have felt nothing OF 1t
sinreh
otis Studley, Esq, l2s East 2Sh stree: n Y
| writes: "AuEnst -, iSEh.--l had difficulty
| with Kidney CON piaint three years with con
mt II, he of m bap I h,
most all kinds If medicines, bat found 10 pcrma
! nent relief until used
Easiing's Liver Regulator and Life Nitters.
! passed clotcd blood by the arctllra am now
! entirely cured, and take pleasure in ccomIugnd-
| ing these remedies
Mrs. G. Tebow, II Christopher street n Y.
writes: Feb 20 lSa0-i have been subject to
attacks Of Asthma the last twesty years. | have
never found anything equal to
| DARLING LIVER REGULATOR.
! in aiording minediat. relief. 1t is a thorough
! Liver and bilious remedy"
| Mrs. Young, of Brooklyn, writes, "FcbrGary
y, iNGo.-ln May last | had ser ere attack #
| Piles which confined .Ae to the house. took
one bottle of
DARLING'S LIFE BITTERS.
AMI was entirety cmea hay. had no attack
since
u. Wcstervelt esq. Of south 9Th near sth At.
Williamsburg, l.. L.. writes august ). ls60-
Having bren troubled with a difficulty in the
Liver. aud subject to bilious attacks | was adj
vised by friend to try
DARLING'S LIVER REGULATOR.
| did So and found it Ia operate admirably re.
moving the bile and arou,iIg the liver to activ-
ny have also used 1t As FAMILY MEnI-
CINE. When oar children are ont of sorts, we
give them few DROPS aud it sets them all right
! find 1t meets the general wants OF the stomach
and bowels when dtsorGeied.'
The Tipton advertiser. [volume] (Tipton, Cedar Co., Iowa) 1856-1962, 1862-01-23
GILT MOli1,nINGA

I>OR Picture framing: A large variety OF
l. patterns, At the one price Furniture Rooms
Of S. q. Il +. STEIN, Maseatine, Iowa.
The Weekly Perrysburg journal. [volume] (Perrysburg, O. [Ohio]) 1861-1???, 1862-06-04

wars alarms, or TO obey The bugle's shnll call 10
up and away over the long aud weary marches that
marked our campaign.
We arc poorly supplied with mail facilities, and
have had but two small mails for five weeks Yes
tcfdav we received copies of Wood county papers.
which were very acceptable but even small note
from our families, saying they are "aive and
well" would como cerg acceptable for ] believe
all soldiers have spells Of thinking OF those they
left behind them" and when four or i've wecksrull
away without word from "home, makes them
feel little down.
There is but little news with us, for We are so
far away from any communication that everything
is old before II gets here. The 2lst Regiment is
all sound aud can number strong force Of ehcct-
i've mon Nine of Co. HIS mon, also Capt. Ewing.
and or others were exchanged last evening.
Lieut. Pryor is still prisoner on parole. Nothing
rs vet IL known Of the fate Of Captain Cation, for
certain. However, it Is presumed he is still living
and will get around ere long to fill his place in the
company.
Major Strong, with 100 of the 21st left last Sun
day with six days ratons and joined an eypedi.
tun ~ scuur the country about Winchester.
We hayn had some preuy warm weather for May
but We think we can stand the no; season fully rs
well as the rcbcls-if they hold out during the sum
mcr, which looks rather doubtful now.
The corn is about three feet high, and looks fine
The prospect for an abundant peach crop was never
better in the South, and think f We stay around
till they ripcn, we will help our southern friends
gather few, just to make ourselves agreeable
Our Southern neighbors are very anxious just
at this time to know what action our General will
take in regard to freeing or coniscatng their mig
gers; and the great query in their minds is, what
will they do with them when this is done. They
say they can not take care OF them, iC freed, and
Il the Government takes them, il must provide some
other place for "Sambo" 10 reside, besides the
Sunny South, and | think that some of them arc
getting little scary, and have good reasons to be-
Ny desire Is to elltctually subdue the rebels, aud
make them know the power of the moth, aud If it
requires the freeing of the last slave, accomplish
this 1t must be done, or we will never again be a
happy people. Very Truly Yours,
(ippy
The Weekly Perrysburg journal. [volume] (Perrysburg, O. [Ohio]) 1861-1???, 1862-06-04
A STRINGENT POLICY NEEDED.

], is probable that the policy OF the Govern.
ment in relation 60 the treatment Of persona in
rebellion will soon undergo some notifications.
It Is becoming u fact, pretty well demonstrated
to Hdiunry vision, that he rebels will not tie
cnnciiaed The mutila ion OF our wounded,
the murder of prisOncra the p'rvcrsiNn Of H'g2
o truco 10 purposes ol deception, nll go to
show the intense milignity which aciuate1 the
rob Non aud cvinco the intention on their part
to create breach thit never can b. healed.
Onic,rs of the army, who have seen tho work
ing ot this method, concur in saving that it
has pryomulis' ed nothing, except Ia produce
dssptjs action among our own wCr, rHiGurd in
disgust In one instance, below Winchester,
our -ol licrs were comnrl'cd to eat heir meat
uncoukcd, white p'cnJy of wood wss tight by
them but whioh they were no permitted TO
touch bee use the orders were that no property
OF any sort should he molo,tcd; and what makes
this case "a thous'ud times worse, il that tie
owncr wns known to he A. that timN IN the
rchel army The lcndcr4 of the rebellion are
determined to present 10 ny the Alternatives ct
recognition or eXtcrminAtiru and the choice
mus. be made by us sooner or later.