Lewistown gazette. [volume] (Lewistown, Pa.) 1843-1944, 1862-08-13
The Emancipation Question.
THE PARALYSING EFFECT OF sLA.
VERY.
MARYLAND AND MASSACHUSETTS, COMPARED
Hon, Z. j. Walkers Second Letter
Concluded from last weeks Gazette.

NOhSiuu@i TOI1 last weeks Gazette,
Nor can manufactures account for the diff
terence, as shown by the still greater increase
OF { he agricultural Northwest Besides
maryland lomitting slavery had far greater
natural advantages for manufactures than
Massachusetts. She had a mole fertile soil.
thus furnishing cheaper food for the work,
ing classes, larger and more accessible
coast and nearly eight times in length of
naVlgabe rivers, greater hydraulic power,
vast superiority in mines of coal and iron, a
tar more salubrious climate, cotton, the great
staple of modern industry, much nearer to
Maryland, her location far more central fnr
trade with the whole Union, and R,,,,;n,oro
her chief city, nearer t,,,an Roston 20 tha
s:e": G: "rsf' VIZ: t. the Ohio at Pittsburg and
me lakes at Cleveland, Toledo and Chicago
by several hundred miles Indeed. but for
| slavery Maryland must have been far great
er manufacturing as we'll as commercial
State than Massachusetts, as to agricuI.
ture, there could be no comparison,
But Massachusetts did not become a manu-
featuring State until after the tariff of 1921.
mat measure, as well as the whole protec
i've poIcy, massachusetts earnestly opposed
IN 1870 and 1924, and Daniel Webster as her
representative, denounced it as un ;onstitu-
tl1nal. From 1890 to 1920 Massachusetts
was commerclal, not manufacturing, and vet,
from 1870 to 1920, Massachusetts increased in
numbers l44 442, and Maryland in the same
time only ST 622. Yet, from 1870 1920. Mas
sachn69tts the most commercial State, was far
more injured by the embargo and the late
war with England than any other State
There Is one inrariable Tar, whether we
compare all the Slave States with all the Free
States, small States with small, large with
large, old with old, new with new, rctarding
the progress Of the Slaveholding States, ever
operating and differing in degree only.
The area of the nine free States, enumera-
ted in 1890, is l69, 66S square miles. and of
the eight Slaveholding States 500 $50 square
miles. whilst the population of the former
in 1890 l,968,45 and of the latter | ,96l, ,372,
but in 1860 these nine Free States had DO.
pulation of 1854, l6S, and those eight slave
States only 7,4l4 ,684, making the difference
10 favor Of these free States in 1860 over
those slave States 3,l79,844, instead of 7, ,OS3
IN 1870, or positive gain tc those free States
over those slave States Of 3,l72, ,76l Those
free States enumerated III 1890 and 1860 were
the six New England States-New York,
New jersey, and Pennsylvania; and the slave
States were Delaware, Maryland, Virginia,
North and South Carolina, Georgia. Tennes-
see and Kentucky-yet we have seen that
the area of those slave States was nearly
double that Of ihose free States, the soil much
more fertile. the climate more salu ubrious, as
shown by the census, and the shore line, in
Guiding main shore, bays and sounds, islands
and rivers, to head of tidewater, was, for
those free States A 4,4S0 miles, and for those
slave States, G,5G0 miles Thus, it is clear,
that the increase Of population of these slave
SFota pln h,,-o la f4l,,
free States. The population of those slave
States per square mile in 1890 was 6 &c 52),
and in 1860 q ga CO., and these of the free
States 1870 was III per square mile IL COY,
and In 1860 62 per sqIare mile (62 Al. Thus,
whilst the increase of those slave States from
1870 to 1860 was only Is per square mile,
that of those free States was nearly 81 per
square mile $50 3d. or in very near triple
ratio, whist in wealth and education the pro-
portlonate progress was much greater.
/ shall consider in my next letter the rela-
tive advance of Maryland and Massachusetts
in s0ealM and education from 1870 to 1860,
the result appearing incredible but for the
authentic facts. No cause except slavery can
be assigned for this wonderful difference for,
in intellect, the colonists of Maryland were
equal to those of Massachusetts,, and long
preceded them in religious liberation and
gentle culture. Whilst the advance of Mas
sachusetts with her limited area and sterile
SOIL especially in view of the thousands of
her native sons who have emigrated to other
States, is one of the wonders of the world,
yet, the relative increase Of the population
of New Jersey, from 1870 to 1860, compared
with that of Maryland is still greater than
that of Massachusetts. The law is infexible
wherever slavery disappears. Population of
Narr Tor,av 100 1Sl 100. in Qf0 G7O
OBS, being an increase of 264 per cent. (264.-
s6J for New Jersey, of 225 per cent (225 O6)
for Massachusetts,, and for Maryland ia per
cent. (144 88). The ratio of increase per
square mile, from 1890 to 1860, was-Massa-
chusetts 4S SIS in 1890, and l57 80 in 1860;
Maryland % ii in 1890, and 80 10 in 1860.
Thus, whilst Maryland, from 1870 to 1860
little more than doubled her ratio of increase
per square mile (28 "a to 6l 76), and Massa-
chusetts a little more than tripled her ratio
(48 So to 157 82) New Jersey very nearly
gaadYupled hers-22 Oh to 80 70.
1t must be conceded, however, that the nat
ural advantages of New Jersey are greater
than those of Massachusetts. Now the area
of New Jersey is but 8, 900 square miles, the
soil of Maryland is far more fertile, the hy-
draulic power much greater, the shore line
much more than double, viz: 53l for New
Jersey to 1886 for Maryland, whilst New
Jersey, with rich iron mines, has no coal, and
one third of her area is south of the celebra-
ted Mason and Dixon's line, the northern
boundary of Maryland. The comparison,
however, which l shall present of New York
and Virginia will be the most astounding.
while little less remarkable will be found that
of North Carolina with Pennsylvania, Ken
tucky with Ohio, Tennessee with Indiana,
Georgia and Missouri with Illinois, Arkansas
with Michigan, Alabama and Texas with Iowa
or Minnesota Mss. and Louisiana with Wis
oonsin, Delaware with Rhode Island, South
Carolina with Kajne or Vermont. All, how
ever, prove the same laao, and exhibit the
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