The New York herald., 1862-12-28
NEWS FROM WASHINGTON.
wAsalsorox, Dec. a., 1862
Axrm nvxy 4

THE FINANCES OF THE COUNTRY
Tho leading members Of the Committee Of Ways and
Means remain In the city, energecaly at work upon the
Great financial problem before the country. They
have tn bill Of Secretary Chase before them. They may
adopt and the House may pass IT, but at tho fSt not
Of the members Of the committee fully in favor
OF II, and most Of them opposed TO It, Within the
power Of man, ID deemed dangerous 70 subject 70
the caprice any single individual in tho national entre
currency. Mr.. Chases bin makes provision for the
issue Of demand notes; but he dolDtless considers
it broad enough to allow the authority for
their issue. It is safe to say that the Com
mittee OF Ways and Means deeply perpltxed
upon this subject OF national finances which they
gard the all important for the consideration
the present Congress. Notwithstanding the objection
urged against this 1t is probable that will be
adopted. The objections known to proceed princi
paly from those representing tho interests Of specu
iators while all who deeply and truly interested for
success Of the government anxious for the pas
sage OF measure which received much favor in the
te Congress- and which vitality important to the
public welfare at this time Although the bin gives the
Secretary Treasury extraordinary powers in refc
the negotiation Of loans the discreet manner
in which similar power has been hitherto exercised
has begotten confidence and induces continuation Of It
In who has evidently manifested 90 much anxiety
and genius build up financial system that shall be
tho sheet anchor OF the republic, and carry safely
through the difficulties nowto be encountered
As the idea has been that Secretary Chase
II about engrave and print Treasury notes, stamps
&e at this point, IL may be stated that the story In
tho Treasury building intentsd for this purpose, only
partially constructed and must be many months befcre
presses, paper and suitable engrsvers and bank note
printers can be assembled here practical purposes In
issuing government currency Tho amount OF Treasury
nutes now issued does exceed threefourths Of mil
lion or dollars day, and though nfy and one hundred
dollars being Issued 1t this tme II Is not
tended Treasury has the power throw or notes
at oil Commensurate In amount 70 the wants OF the
government.
prominent banker, who has been connected
With the governmsat, reports mat the exchange
Of demand notes FOR fve-twenties has become
limited aimee the battle h Fredericksburg, but
states that bonds II small denominations with Interest
coupons attached would be absorbed by the public to any
amount This Idea suggess, why should not bonds Of
large be used Sor Treasury transactions, just
certificates Of Indebtedness gvcn In experienced
quarters In the Treasury the idea finds favor.
Tho Treasury Department has information OF the exist
Of wsu executed oounserfe Of the atty cent postal
notes
Concerning financial matters the belief prevails In cir
oes with such subjects that tho future sys
tom Of supporting the government monetary transaction
cannot much differ what II has been; that 70 say,
paper issues and loans must 60 together.
Tho bank interest has active rather than strong
THE raAUDs ON rHn GOVERNMENT.
The frauds that have been committed at New York and
elsewhere in connection with the recruiting accounts
arise from the wretched ntepcations Of Congress uptn
Ssablhhed usage They passed act In the winter Of
1851 authorizing the Adjutant General TO use twenty
millions dollars for recruiting purposes. or that
ono, bad sxperence in accounting, and the second
Comptroller placed the record at the time Of the
sage the law that great frauds upoa the government
ocTs sfo
ant Generals ocs in such matters Many accounts have
,besn stopped proper accounting Office Of the Urea
sury and hence the Investigations that have led TO the
detection of frauds.
SOLDIERS ARRESTED As DEsERrERs.
Tho Military Governor Of Washington has been digcnt-
work In reforming certain abuses in his jurisdiction
ascertained that largo portion OF the soldiers ar
in New York and other cities deserters, and
7ash hing,on, are innocent Of the charge, they hav
provided with papers ordering them 20 those
the policemen who mako tho arrests receive
dollars for each person arrested as descrter
Rarded here. and consequently they zeal
making such arrests. On the other hand grca.
ny who arrested IN ctzens' clothes bear the
parance Of innocence, until they have been
mitted TO . searching examnatonl to which
s. sometimes added shower bath, when they
confess TO belong 10 regiment in the field.
From the Forest Hall prison in Georgetown, about three
hundred been discharged bnck 10 their rcg
snents and from the central Guard House many
curious question has been lately presented TO the mill
tary Governor. Several parties, recently drafted.
were and here deserters before they had
bcen assigned any regiment They cannot therefore
20 sent to their regiments, and General Martndalo
has ordered the matter 70 be reported to the
War Department. Two officers were arrested yss-
terday for having defrnuded soldiers Of railroad
tickets Their mou opdndi was 70 watch at the depot
Cor soldiers who arrested descrers after having
procured tickets 10 Phiadephii New York. and pur-
chase the tickets for tribe, representing that they vere
O further value 70 tho soldiers After which the tickets
taken By them 10 the ticket occ, where they
redeemed The parties arrescd said to have realized
handsome sums By these transactions. 4M
DrSNsR TO SECRETARY SMITH.
Last night dinner given to Secretary Smith by
few old and prominent political friends. He made very
eloquent speech upon the OCCASION in which be rspudated
new tangled ideas and asserted the undyns principles
Benry Clay.
rsIoNs OF tn. ooSx,ssroSEs or INTERNAL
nEvESUE.
the Commissioner Of Internal Revenue has made the
Following decision relative the manufactured
sobscco:-when Manufactured chewing SIN king to
Sacco put up packages Of tin foil, paper other
wrapping materM hi FOR consumers the cost Of such mate
rial shall first be deducted the gross the
bales Of such tobacco before the the Is levied
Tho following 10 the decision Of The Commissioner con
ternipg the tax on who refine sugars are
Subject TO tax Of oneafth Of per pound the re-
ancd sugar Produced known nove dried and hard
eugar in the various forms Of loaf lump or crushed
anuaied and puverizsd. The moasscs and the soft or
toce sugar produced Is not taxed hcng considered as
ehe resduun Of the refining process Rcncs VIII, rcnne
br sugar from mosssss subject to tax or one
nh Of per pound the sugar produced. The mo-
Sasses produced Ia taxed, being considered as the
kesiduum OF the refining process.
Mn. MuRDocK's sHAKpKRfAN HEADINGS.
I Arrangements have been made BY The commit
tsss Of the various Bats relief associations for the
headings TO be given for their benefit by Mr. James Il.
urdock on Monday evening next The Marine Band win