The Cadiz Democratic sentinel. [volume] (Cadiz, Ohio) 1854-1864, 1862-08-06
for tho Sentinel.
Iof
SCIENTIFIC.
Grammatical BIuudcrs.
NO III.

The whole number OF words used in the
English language amounts to something over
100000, YET the vitality OF the language is
centered in less than 200; and, strange as it
seem, grammarians have, as q general thing.
treated such words as being unworthy Of any
special consideration. For example, let us
examine their disposition Of such words as
are usually called auxiliary verbs. 1t is as
lollows:-
1. They are defined as short verbs used in
in the corjugation OF other verbs, here called,
for the sake Of distinction, principal verbs.
2. They are considered as being dependent
upon, and forming part Of the principal
verbs with which they stand connected.
3. They are treated as the mere signs o.
the different modes and lenses which they
are instrumental in forming.
! They are considered defective because
they do not have all of the notifications in.
cident to principal verbs.
5. They are classified with regard to form,
while significance is, in great measure, over
looked.
| Now, if we are to take into consideration
the peculiar Specification OF word in order
to determine the part Of speech to which III
belongs, or il we must consider its power to
determine its importance, or. rank, then are
we forced to the following conclusions
/. Auxiliaries, in their power and use'
differ SO widely from principal verbs that
they should be treated as a separate part o.
speech.
Q. They are of such vital importance that,
without their aid, no declaration can be
made, no inquiry framed, no hypothesis sta
ted.
In proof Of the foregoing propositions we
{ need only observe that the principal verb
, may, in its simplest form, express command; /;
: as, walk, rest, think; but it can never be used
in any form, to express declaration, inter.
J rogalion, or hypothesis, without an auxiliary
either expressed or understood. There are
three cases.
= !, l. When Nie auxiliary is oppressed; as "John
is walkng"-- Henry Gomez ?'-Why
4 should we mourn?' .s........ ..a. ..
Q. When the auxiliary is contracted and thus
united ,oitb The principal verb; as, James learn.
!. eG'--Writest thou?"--"Whom satoest thou
% pass By 2" s t. ..a......
u 3. When the auxiliary is understood; as, ~
= = read"--"Seek they the tru,h?"--"Why di s.
" conted? ,....
1. Now, since the auxiliary is never used tc
- express command, we inier that it does no
il posses this characteristic property Of the verb
h and should, therefore, be treated as separate
part Of speech ft r.
Again, Co prove that the auxiliary is no
dependent upon the principal verb, ant
should not be considered part Of it, let u
examine the following expressions
l. l. "Grass is growing" '
,r 2. "Grass is green" These expression
Of are dramatically the same; for growin
ks denotes an attribute of continued action
OF while green" denotes an attribute Of ap
~ -, pearance; ''is," in each expression, declare
?. the present connection Of the attribute whic
follows 1t, with a single object; "grass
names the object concerning which sue
declarations are made; hence, the words i
each expression have the same dependenc
% throughout. But, il "is" is part of gro ing
90 it follows that it is also part of greer
oo S which is absurd; therefore "iS" is independen
w ,ko,,Id ho ,orcoJ IN ;teeon
90 From the foregoing, the vital Importance {
'e the auxiliary may be readily seen; for climir
y ate it. and no thought is expressed. With
by out it we have, at best an association
IL ideas, viz: growing erass-green grass. Bt
ne we may determine its vitality IN anothe
~, ~ and thus detect. at the same time, anothe
,se blunder OF our standard authors. In ords
to to do this, let us take the following senter
OF ces:- s.' "aH a2a SAFEST 7
ew l. "Man is perfect" g..s. ,....
DIN 2. "No man is perfect"
3. "Man is not perfect"
H.. 4, MAN is imperfect"
an. The first OF these sentences is afirmati'
eb- in general sense, for the subject is gener
cts and the auxiliary affirmative.
IN The second is negative 10 general sens
nod Nd for its subject is a general negative.
ley The third is negative in o general sens
live for its subject is general and the auxilia
lee negativey a''ss7'a
the as..fs .a,aa a. @
and The fourth is a general negative, for Il
'rm subject is general, the auxiliary affiirmati'
ana but the attribute negative. From this, ,
nt0 a;., .Hs.o,;u ..,...
ing ~
nm. rendered negative by making either Of thr
elements negative, which could not folle
the unless each of those parts we're alike vital
"a: ~ the existence OF the affirmation. Her
beir every declarative and interogative senter
rmy has three principal elements GALL grammaria
width which l am acquainted say only u
rs which we shall call hereafter Subject, Pre'
rri cate, (auxiliary,) and Attribute.
the AS we have not space in this article to
. ish this subject, we will take it up again
I' .hs No. 4. tab
len ,a -s----
n & For the Sentinel
ron, Scientific.
rom From the solution given in No. II Of
Sentinetof the mathematical problem subn
! bv ted by d." and by careful examination
n OF the similar tranges D G Z ard e,
4 at may derive the following general rule Tor
g in solution OF All similar problems.
&c it y
de. Divide the visible surface by the circr
iererce OF the sphere and reserve the q
~. tient Subtract the rAsaru rund nnntient n