The New York herald., 1862-04-01

plain that il nes,ss no xp anaon will dca IRA will
the Declaration ~ Paris has been fully exTA ne'
that the only point, far concerne~ il
that declaration that winch declared that an encB
property should be free from capture n neutral bH
tom The other poEts in the declaration were old essab
lshei practice. The declaration 70 blockades wns
only recaptulang acts we known and taken as facts
| My honorable friend tho member for Birmingham We y
ably and very fully shows that IL wise ard polite
measure on the part of ,he government to adopt tho
principle that neutral flag should cover enemy 8
goods. He has shown that it was the doc
| trine Of every other rraritmc Power, and that
If We bad persisted in maintaining the opposite doc
trine, and had gone to with any great maritime
state, should inevitably have the risk os adding
to that dispute with the other maritime Powers,
which would have led to armed neutrality There
is principle upon which, it appears to this doc
trne must stand. We have lately maintained. at the
risk OF war that merchant ship at is part of our
territory that that territory cannot be violated with i'm
punlty that therefore, individuals cannot be taken out
Of merchantman belonging to neutral country. The
same pr ncipe may be said to apply W goods we as
men. and if is be granted. as we do grant that bel
serent has no right to tako out OF neutral ship persons
who are enemies SO it follows that the neutral must a
ways be respected and the Of enemy's pro-
psry on board ought not to be violated But the ground
upon which tho assened to that declaration
as has been we stated by the honorable momber for
Birmingham tina. in the altered state Of things and in
the present relative positions or the great maritime
doctrine which no other nation maintained would incur
the risk Of involving this country hostties with
moro than ono Power wc cane n contact with any one
Power Tho right honorable gentleman who has just sat
down said THAI we involved in with the Uni
tod States the Dec sraton Of Paris would place
not happen to agree thsm Ono Of tho o,nditions Of
the Declaration OF Paris that they should apply only
to the States which became parties them and therefore.
in 80 far the United States nat parties to the Iccla
ration of Paris eysoud ~ot Apply any parties oAo
Sa9ed in ,uA the United Matss. But with regard
to the second article, which said that the nag should
cover the goods that has a~uys te the principle whtch
the United States has maintained, and, therefore dicM
" arises between England and he United States upon that
article (Hear hsar.) It requires additional deca-
ration TO bind them to observance cl that article
because that has always been their and the
that THAR lad Il think w
prudent and wise to adopt, in common ii other par
ties the Declaration of Paris. Therefore have do hcs
ation saying that 60 back to the parties rho
sembed ut Paris and TO ask them 10 rescnd those
lutions is a course which gentleman seriously
ed the is likely to get tho other parties TO
agree TO 1t. Then to the other subect-namely
the proposition which made by tho honorable member
for Liverpool that should agroe that private property
by shall be exempt from capture II is said that 1t is
logical deduction from the Declaration OF Paris deny
that proposition The Declaration Of Paris related
tirey to the relations between begerons and neutrals
Tho proposition Of the honorable momber relatcs to the
re ations Of belgsrents to each other is matter
totally distinct, resting totally different grounds, and
cannot any logical connection between them. The
honorable member Birmingham has been kind enough
to attach some value to opinions which ! expressed
years ct Liverpool The attention which he has
been pleased to pay and the weight which he has been
pleased to give to my opinion induces TO hope that
he will with me alter tho opinion which was then eK
pressed. (Iaughter) Tho passage quoted as having
First OF ALL to the exemption Of private property
at capture and secondly to the assimilation OF
am perfectly ready to admit aAat Inave eirely altered NY
opinion on Me first point (Hears hcsr Further re-
at nrst sight plausible and admit that plausible
the surface Is most dangerous docttine and hope
that the honorable member win bs kind enough to give
weight to my thoughts and falso come round 10 those
second thoughts which prOyerbally the best.
(Cheors and laughtsr.) With regard 70 the
simlation Of war by to the practice OF
by Iaud, think that, as far As il was in the power
of the governemont by arrangement with other Powers
we have accomplished it, For what is the main
iNnro hatv thA N var hv nd hv
andf It 10 said that tho practice Of war BY land to
respect private property Every ono who holds that
in his memory every thing which he has read is
well known that when armies in enemys country
KEW GO NOT Of de-
sruction Not only do they destroy what they do not
want and take what they do want but they go further
and levy heavy contributions upon the places which
they occupy. will relate two instances at different
periods Of time. which shows the continuity OF the
practice. In 1907, when the French army besleged
Dantsc, then Prussian town, France being at
with Prussia, after long siege Dantsc surrendered
The French destroyed the FIRST place all the suburbs
They took great many things which they wanted for
their purposes requisites Of clothing and so FORTH
and then they levied on the town contribution OF
30 900 000 Was that respecting private properyr Who
pay those 80 Oo0f except the inhabitants,
and now We're they to pay it, except out Of their private
is not the practice in war by respect private pro-
perty. Take another instance at much more recent
psriod-in the year 1850 or 1851 There was contest
then the Electorate OF osss Cassel between different
German Powers. What was the state 10 which thcy
duced that unhappy country Iwiil If the House per-
nit read extracts from letters addressed to mo at
that time by diplomatic officer, who went to look at
the country the period and after that contesa
mics not animated by hereditary ann..y or dasrsnce
Of race, but acting simply in the o. operations OF
upon tho theatrd OF hostilitie. lis is what he
stated on the 17th OF November, 1850
It's deolorabe inevitable consequences
h, Of foreign troops IN Hes;e Of
suferngs poor iskey exceed anything
which be imagined Their provisions for the winter
auar,ered on sem Sickness and disease are beginning 70
places.
That was the condition in November. In tho following
The country chat is Hessel continues in dePloabe
Sn ss at n ss n aS
in the beginning OF the winter by the Federal and Prussan
persons complete state OF dcsttuon Not
only h cattle ss %s @ all d. Sr %
in the interior Of the houses and cottages the furniture Of all
This account was given to me by person who is well
inclined towards the Esctor and his Government, and
who added that would require at least ten years TO
that part Of the electorate to ito former condition
(Hear, hear) That is just single specimen OF the
result OF war by land. and then gentlemen away
with the notion that war by land private proper
ty is respected. why, il is perfectly well known
that it is taken whenever IT is wanted, that
IL is DESTROYED frequently out of wantonness
that il always destroyed the necessary operations
of and that in those compensation 10 pot given
by those who destroy H. BY sea IL rs sold private
perty out IL IL thken IN ulnofent manner ana
with more order and regularity Private property by
sea made price until il is aded dcated by compe
tent tribunal legal rnd proper capture. BY land IL
Is taken at the II is wanted, and It may be
wanted. was about 10 say that uo have assmilated
or endcavored at least 10 assimate the practice Of
by sea the practice of war by and. What was the
main difference OF the twoY Not thai private property
by land as IL was byssa, but that by
taken by different set OF p,ople from those who
we're authorized to take it by land. By land no
individual was allowed to make war unless he
belonged to regularly organized army, and was
n III ia service Of state. III people r1fdo
their own account on land they taken and shot
as bauditt Nothing more common n Spain than
French to take the peasants and sboet them wh
out the slightest hesitation If tay net embodied
military. IL well known facs,that to carry war by
land the people must be in the service OF established
authority; not so by Private the
a permitted and acknowledged practice We agreed at
to tho proposal that pryesring by sea should no.
longer be legit mode ofcazryng war, and thai
future should be carried on only BY regularly or
ganzd forces acting undes tho authority and command
OF rsspons b That part OF the arrange
carrial out thai