The New York herald., 1862-03-25

the question 10 The Hsuss Il the prsssas ns@eat
he would have been rejocsd tho duty had dsvolvet
upon the honorable member for Rochdais Or Cobden)
who early in the session had given notice Of smila
motion, but who courtsously had given way upon hear
ing that he (Mr HorsfAl intended TO renew the motor
he had made last session. Honorable members would
recollect that last year. when he brought forwart
similar motion the present unhappy state Of
AFFAIRS did not exist, and he did not then contem
plate, did he now contemplate provoking q dis
cussion upon the relative merits Of the American Union
or OF southern Independence. (Hear On the contrary
he was glad Of an opportunity OF expressing not only his
feelings but those Of majority of his constituents
by saying that he cordially approved the strict line Of
neutrality that had been taken by the government.
Hear) His object in mootng the question was to show
tho very unsatisfactory condition in which international
maritime law now was. (Hear, hear.) He had last
session inquired Of the noble lord the Foreign Secretary
what steps the had taken to carry out the
recommendation OF the Shipping COMMITTEES OF the pre-
csding yeas. The noble lord frankly declared
that the government had done nothing, and left II
to be inferred that they intended to do nothing Such
a reply anything but satisfactory 70 those who
took interest the subject as they felt that the re
Communications Of Committee Of that House, which had
sat during whole session had been presided BY
the right honorable gentleman now President Of the
Board Of Trade, were deserving Of greater
past history or ntsrnatona, maritime law he woold re.
mind them that antecedently TO 1854 there could
be aus. but tina. was
goods on board vessels belonging to subjects
Of q benigerent Power were liable TO capture, and
Power on board neutral ships, Were liable to capture
That state Of law was tet 10 be . great hardship,
and the present President Of the Board Of Trade then un
fettered by the restraints Of cs brought forward the
subject Of his most spirited speeches, and by his
motion sought 70 commit tne House and the govern
msnt 70 the principle that nsurs nag made Iea ,su.
time the necessity Of the abolition OF privateerng
The noble lord the Secretary Of STATE for Foreign A.
fairs stated that in short time public document
would be issued expressing the views Of her Majesty
government. The President Of the Board OF Trade
had the satisfaction OF seeing an order Council issued
affov~ ~apda froun xh Il
tract The honorable gemdn read the passage, w '0hich
England waiped her right to cofscate enemies goods on
board nerdl ships, also neutral goods IN either case not
cortroband of ,oar, found board enesnys ship
That the first step towards liberal legislation in re-
gard TO international maritime law Two years after
Wards--namely in 1S56-the Conference took place at
Paris Tho represented at that Conference we're
England France Russia. Prussia, Austria, Sardinia and
Turkey The Conference agreed in making four decara-
TONS
l. That privateering is and remains abolished.
That the neutral dag enemys goods with the ex-
That neutral goods with the exception Of Of
Ss PSs aSs Be sn be
tive-ha was 70 say BY force sufficient really
Il was right to say that nearly every other Power
afterwards gave in its adhesion to the declarations Of
Paris except the United States OF America Assuming
the above TO be now acknowledged maritime law the
question was what would be its effect in the event Of
war; (Hear, hear) The next question was, what had
been its effect in time Of peaces Hear hear Ship
common sense and they would not ship single package
OF goods in liable to seizure il they had the op
p Of a Ss a 1O' 10 s 30 of
say with France would be that every British ship must
be laid by. When merchants had tAe power Of shigplrg
ocods in neutral vessels those neutral ussts CouId 0oedtn
Greatly enhanced freichts, and British seamen pod b
drafted from British ships, mot into her Mo5eays Nary o
o eaa rs na' o Souo s0tu sr.r py or sy.r
could be paid in the royal navy. Qioar hear
Such was the result Of the present law in the
event Of war, and u was most serious matter "
the shipowner the manufacturer and the country
at largo But what had been already the effect OF the
law in time Of peace? Those who were acqss'n.sd WIN
mere rumor OF war short time ago, when II was
thought England might be involved in the war between
France and Austria in Italy However improbable the
rmor might b. yet the moment II reached distant ports,
such as Canton Calcutta second csss American YES
sci able to get reghts at nifty per cent higher rate
than first class British ship could obtain Hear hear
This was very important point and be wus anxious to
refer to the evidence Of three witnesses examined before
the Select Committee on Merchant shipping Mr. Allan
said that The stipulation OF the Treaty Of Paris would
operate very preudciay TO British shipping " Great
Britain were at war, and 1t was even now worry pre-
judicial to the British shipowner The very rumoy OF
q war so enhanced the rate OF insurance on goods
by British ships that American and other foreign shps
medy Mr.. GnOur said the only remedy was TO nave an
International Law to do assuy oth cortIra entirely The
next witness Mr. BcazIey an extensive shipowner OF
Liverpool He was asked whether he had himself sui
fered by competition with foreign hagy Mr. Beaziey
replied that he could give very strong case; he naa
purposey TO beat everything ahost. He said 70 tho
builder sBud me ship that will beat any mortal thing
aoat-(a laughl-to bring homo the frst cargo OF tea
He had another ship Foo chowfoo just at this mo
ment there some talk about the Savoy and Italian
There were two American ships a. these ports
and the English merchants afraid to ship their tea
in the British ships that hoy determined 10 ship III
the American ships They paid higher freight IN those
shps rather than take the British ships because the
Americans would be subject 70 capture In the case
OF England mixing herself up with any Continental law,
Mr. Bsazley stated that the law, rs laid down by tho
Paris threw at all tho trade into the
hands Of the Americans neutral Tags He added that
the law should in his opinion, so step further and let
the ship be covered as well a. the cargo Inc last VII
ness 10 whom no would refer Mr. Graves OF Liver
POOL formerly chairman " the Shpowners Association,
and who was appointed Royal Commissioner TO inquire
into lights and light dues Mr. Graves confirmed what
had been stated by the previous witnesses. that in
case OF European British shipping would,
TO q very great, extent remain at nome unen,-
ployed lie added that must either go back
and the policy that the ag covers the cargo
we must go and place tho ship under the same
category the cargo and make both Tree from capture
Mr. said that he only regretted that the British
government had allowed day to eLapse without ac
cepting the oer OF tho American government 10 make
all private property free IRON capture nj s.s ihey had
been told that this question or great national I'M
lpDrauce, affecting merely our shipping, our CON-
merce, our manufactures IN that op,non no entirey
agreed IL was question OF the most vital importance.
la case war ships would require convoy aud would
convoy much better employed in lighting The
enemyr (ear, hear. As question Of hpance the mat
ter was o. very grave Importance and To which the
Chancellor the Excheque, ke thought, might direct
las attention wth advantage. he wOud not ~ INTO tue
SUBJECT as question OF humanity, though much might
b. said IRON that point of (iiear. hear But it
was said D many-and some Of his honorable friends
were VI that opnion'fOh, make war as caiamitous as
you can and you would then be able TO bring IL TO n
speedy conclusion." (fioar hear. But he was happy
10 think that was not the feeling u those whom lac had
the honor represent OF the country nor OF her Ma
Jesy appeared from the order IN council which he had
Just read. (iesr, hear.) Her MAJESTY there declare
that sbeing anxious lessen much as possible the
evils OF war-hear and to restrict VS. operation to
the regularly organized lorceso the country was nCt
her intention letters OF marque" (Hear hear
Neither was that the taken by the government who
issued that order the view of the noble lord pal
merston), whom, few ycars ago, he, amOns others,
cordially welcomed 10 Liverpool aud he should be proud TO
welcome him there again lear) Upon that occasion
IL was the very year which the Declaration OF Paris
bad been signed-thc noble lord dlatsd upon that sub
ect 10 the assembled merchants OF Liverpool in glowing
language and made Of these words
Gentleman not inattcnye 70 other interests be-
sides those with the great transactions OF
has been subject great satisfaction to us TO reflect tba
at the that conflict hc Russian war; the
government England In ert with that Oi France
maze changes XaoDs n the doctrine OF which
without IN any degree mpairng the power OF the belser
ens against opponents maintained the course oil hos
tlities vet tended TO mitigate the pressure which
hostiftes inevitably produce upon the commercial
..t.f.. that al u