New-York daily tribune. [volume] (New-York [N.Y.]) 1842-1866, 1862-10-18
of Constance and Neufchatel. They were gere-
rally small varying from six inches down even as
low as one in length, willie the cutting edge had

iiacturing places, and many spot pieces mud hal
inished specimens have been found. Tho frat
rep in the process was TO reduce the stone to a
suitable size BY blows with hammer. Artificial
grooves were then made the projecting portions re-
moved by skiliul blow, and the iup lelent sharp
ned and polished Oh blocks Of sandstone. Some-
lines the hatchet thus obtained was simply fixed III
, handle of horn or wood. But generally the whole
instrument consisted Of three parts \ piece OF
horn, two or three inches IN length, received tie
stone at one end and was squared at the other, so
rs to it into longer handle either Of wood or
horn.
The knives are of two sorts. A part of them
differ from the axes, principally IN having their
width greater than their length. Others were
made OF flint fakes. In the same manner also
were obtained tle SAWS, with rudely formed teeth
on tho edges, and fixed into handles OF wood by
some sort of cement.
The arrow heads were made OF flint, or, in some
cases. of rock crystal, showing three different va
n,tics The lake dwellers seem to have turned
th,ir scanty resources TO the best account. Iay-
ing caught any Wild animal, they ate the flesh
used the skin for clothing, picked every fragment
OF marrow out Of The bones, and then, in many
cases, fashioned tie bones themselves into
weapons. The larger and more compact ones
served Us bammcrs, and rs wen rs horns of The
deer were used for the handles Of hatchets. Ia
some cases, pieces OF bone were worked to sharp
edge. Bone harpoons, poignalds, arrow heads and
jayc..n heads also occur, and pms aud needles OF
this material are very common. Teeth also, es-
pccialy those Of the wild boar, were used for cut
ting, aud in some cases, were worn rs ornaments.
No implement Of wood has as yet been found, ex-
cept one wooden mallet, although there can be
no doubt that this material was used for various
purposes
OF the animal remains from the pilcworks, the
totalnumber Of species amounts to about &C. Of
which 10 are fishes, reptiles, IL birds, and the
remainder Quadrupeds. Eight species Of the lat
ter may be considered 10 have been doInes.icatcd
namely, the dog, pig, horse goat sheep. ass, md
at least two species Of oxen. The bones seldom
occur in natural condition. Those Of domestic
As4A VIM bAthlho al" lhAA'N N'-'sH'A' A''
nearly all show marks OF knives and appear to have
been broken open Tor the sake Of their marrow.
The stag aud the OK are the most numerous
species, the remains Of these two equaing those
OF all others together. Next in order OF abund-
ance, is the hog. More sparingly are the roe, the
goat, and the sheep. With these rank the fo1
aud tue martens. The dog j. rarer than the fox,
though more common than the horse or the ass.
OF other species, but few specimens have been
met with though in some localities the beaver,
the badger, aud hedgehog appear IN some num-
bers Human bones occur in tie pileworAs but
very seldom. Those OF children the most nu-
merous and may probably be referred to acci-
dents.
The discovery Of carbonzed cereals has been
made 10 various points Wheat is moot common
Bread or rather cakes, for haven docs not ap-
pear to have been used, has also been found. Tae
cakes were "a! and round, from an inch 70 hacen
lines thick, and four or five inches in diameter. IN
other eases, the grains appear 20 have been
roasted coarscly ground between stones, and
thea either stored up in large ear;hcnware pots,
or eaten after being eighty mois.ened. No agr-
cultural implements have been found eEcep; tie
sickle.
Carbonized apples and pears occur, sometimes
whole, sometimes cut in two, or more rarely into
four pieces, which had evidently been dried and
put aside FOX winter use. The apples are more
frequent than the pears, both are small, re-
sembilng those which siil grow wild in the Swiss
forests No traces Of tie vine, the cherry, or tAc
damson have yet been met with, but stones Of the
Wild plum have been found. Seeds of the rasp-
berry and blackberry, nad shells Of tho hlzelnuts
and bcechnuts occur peuiifuIly in the mud.
1t thus appears that the norrishment Of the
dwellers in the plcworks consisted oi corn aud
Wild fruits, Of fish. aud the flesh Of Wild and do
nestle animals. Mix also was doubtless an m
portall article Of their diet.
The pottery Of the earliest epoch presents near
~ the same characters in all the settlements II
is very rude and coarse, generally found i'll broken
pieces. although few entire vessels have been
obtained The potter's wheel seems TO have been
unknown, aud The baking was very imperfect.
Tho form was frequently cylindrical bat several
orthe lars we're rounded M tie base, and without
fet. Some Of the vessels had small projections
which were pierced in such a manner that string
git be passed through them, i'll order TO sus-
p.ni the vessels Several Of them are OrEameu,ed
with simple markings, generally mere Impressions
of tho finger or Of the nal. No figure 0. any lui-
nal, however rude Las been fouud the ornamen-
tahon, though in many cases showing consldera-