The Burlington weekly hawk-eye. [volume] (Burlington [Iowa]) 1860-1876, 1862-10-25
BURLINGTON WEEKLY HAWK-EYE
Agriculture In the United states.

Agriculture In the OnlSeO Stosoos
The New York Tribune Of the 18th inst con
tains lengthy abstract Of results derived from
the recently published preliminary report OF
the United States census for 1860. We ap
pend its statement of agricultural statistics, al
it contains matter Of interest to most of Of ou'
readers.
The leading interest of the country is agri-
culture. Our people are essentially an agri
cultural people. Notwithstanding the graft
fyiup result which the census exhibits touch
inc our manufactures, Rhode Island, is thu
only State in the Union where the capital in
vested in farms is not greatly in excess of thu
eapital invested in manufactures. 1t is certain
that the vast railroad, commercial, manufactur
ing interests of the country, directly and indi
richly give support to so many of our people
are in turn supported by the farmers and
planters Thus the different but not cashine
interests of country SO great and we'll. favor
ed as ours, mutually depend upon and sus-
taid each other like different blocks of a per
feet arch.
Tho number Of acres of improved and unim.
proved farming lands is returned as follows
Lands improved, in 1850 IL, 032, 6l4 acres; in
1860, 1853, 26l 1889 acres; acres unimproved,
1850, $50, 528 900; in 1860, GAG sos, 244. The
cash value of those farms was in 1850. $3,-
27l, 575, 426, and in 1860, $6,65O, S72, 5O7.--
The value of the farming Implements and ma
chinery used in their cultivation was, in 1850,
$l5l, 5s7, 63s and in 1860, $247, O27, 466.
The number of live stock returned for the
census of 1850 was "a, 897, 1893, of which 1925
3S7 were horses, $50, 295 were asses and mules,
6,36S, 1856 we're mich cows, 1886 work
ing oxen, 10, 28O,372 other cattle, 81, 342, 537
sheep, 30,344, $50 swine, the value Of all of
which was $542 ,O67, 276. To this sum add
So, 1920 for the value of the live stock in
the Territories, and we have the sum of 1914,
$50, SIG, as the total value OF the live stock in
1850. For the census of 1860 the aggregate
live stock numbers SO, 1927 head, distribu.
ted among 6,115, 458 horses, 1,129, 553 asses
and mules, 1928, 662 milch cows, 2,24O, O57
working oxen, 14,671 400 other cattle, 23,.
Sl7,756 sheep, and 80, 555, 267 swine. The
total value of this stock was$1, 107, AGO, 216.-
If to this sum be added the value of live stock
owned by persons not farmers, in which Gates
CORY there we're 1,185,514 horses, l66, 1856
asses and mules, 8 ,357 ,O09 neat cactle, 1906
$40 sheep, and 3, 467 ,905 swine, it is not to be
doubted that the saleable animals in the
country June l., 1860. could have bought all
the railways The value of animals slaughter.
ed in 1850 was Sill, 703, 142; in 1860, $212,-
81 .653.
The number of pounds of wool clipped in
1850 was 52,5l6, $50, and in 1860, 6O,5ll ,343.
Ohio is the greatest wool-growing State, New
York coming next, Pennsylvania next, Michi-
gan next, Vermont next, and then California,
already being the sixth in rank in this profta-
BILE business. The Golden State returned
$500 pounds in 1850, and 2, 6S1 1922 pounds in
1860. Connecticut, Delaware, Georgia, Indi~
ana, Massachusetts, New Jersey, Rhode
Island, South Carolina, Vermont and Virginia
did not grow as much wool in 1860 as in 1850.
The number of bales 400 lbs.) of ginned
cotton produced in 1849 was 2, AS, 793, and in
1885, l9S,O77 bales. Estimating its value at
ten cents per pound, it was worth to the plant
ers S2O7 ,223, $50. Say that the Sea Island
kind would have doubled the value and we have
S4l4, 456, 100 as the worth of the cotton crop in
lS59-no doubt its full value, Estimating the
average value of our horses at $50, that of
mules at $50, of swine at So, and our beef
cattle alone at $40, and we tiud their aggle
gate value to be S483, 973, 094. Thus the live
stock of our farmers, at forced sale could buy
out our "King," and have all the sheep, all
the working oxen, all the1 milch cows, and
all the stock of all kinds not on farms, to COM
mence anew with.
The wheat crop in 1860 amounted to III, 1872
181 bushels against leo, 4S5, GA bushels in
1850. Rye.in 1860, 20, 976, 2S6 bushels against
IA, 1873, 8l3 in 1850. Indian corn, S39, 451 10Y
bushels in 1850 S92,O71, 1O4 in 1850. Oats.
172, 554 688 and LAG, 5S4, 179 for the respective
years. Tobacco incaeased from 1919, 752, 655
pounds in 1850 to 429, 800, III in 1S60-its cul-
losa Id IL H.
dccennium in Connecticut, Massachusetts, New
York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania and the Vest
ern States generally. The production of rice
14O, l73 in 1860, attributable mostly to large
lima, Georgia, Alabama, and Mississippi. The
number of bushels of Irish potatoes produced
in 1860 was 10, 27l POI in 1850, IS, 797, 1885,
In the production of this root, New Jersey sur.
passes any other State by more than two bush-
els to one. The tuns Of hay grown in 1860 num-
tered 19, 1919. 1928; in 1850, 1888, 642. The
yields of barley, buckwheat, clover and grass
seeds, peas and beans, hemp, hops, faxseed.
greatly exceeded in 1860 the yields of 1850,
except as to fax. the fibre of which was used.
About SO, 900 more bushels of fax are returned,
however, in 1860, than were returned in 1850.
There were AGO, 509,85 pounds of butter and
LOG, S75, 1876 pounds of cheese returned for 1860
against 3l3, 545, 800 and lO4, 535, 1893, respec.
lively, fer $780, The value of orchard pro
ducts was. in 1850, 49, 759, 36l. and in 1850,
81, 623, ls6-a very large increase, as marked
in Iowa. Minnesota, and Wisconsin, where the
rigors of climate have been supposed to be fatal
to fruit, as in mlder regions. Peninsula Mich
igan seems to be remarkable fruit country
The value of her orchard products in 1850 was
Sl32, 900; il 1860 it was 81 1888. Wine is
now made in every State of the Union--to con .
siderable extent in Ohio, California, Kentucky,
Indiana, Illinois, Connecticut, New York, North
Carolina, and Missouri. The gallons returned
in 1860 tor the whole country, numbered l.
95O,OoS in 1850 the number was only 22l ,249.
Tie value of the productions OF markct gardens
was $5,26O,O3O in 1850, and SIS, 54l OPT in
1860. The increase in Orleans sugar between
1860 was about $1,000 hogsheads, or Sc, OO0,>
600 pounds and in cane molasses a~little less
than 100000 gallons. These articles are
very largely imported. Of sorghum molasses,
however, which was not known to tho country
at all in 1850, there was manufactured in 1860
7,245, OPS gallons, of which Iowa alone manu-
featured 1893, Ala gallons, and thereby saved
=, l.. II