, 1862-04-21

which. drained Of their stagnant water aud
:xposc<. to the SIN n1ake pleasant homes aad
nc longer does the west wind bring to the city
ttc raaia1io once 20 dreaded, upon tne evapo,
~ st to the Des PIaines, and where B:rry's
Point sent out its headland Of solid soil, to
greet the mud-statned em1grant anu his weary
train as he plodded op to the Rock River
country. We need not advance 1urther proof
Of the effects Of culture upon soil Ike that
of the prairie, nor should our farmers and
gardeners he surprised that its virgin surface
10 longer produces the immense crops Of
cereals, or of garden products, as before cul-
ture wrought this wonderful change. They
should remember that this change has given
us dryer soil TO cultivate, better roads to
made the marshes habitable, and
cltaned the streams Of their accumulation Of
rotton wood and slime.
On the other hand, We have sudden variations
Of heat and cold, Of food OF. dzouth, With
rivers less valuable for navigation, and their
eeltae nearly ruined for agricultural purposes |
These facts are potent 10 the west, yet few !
have examined the causes that have wrought !
this mnterial change Of climate and 5atned !
the experience Of the carly settlers. Tint !
this change Of climate has brought us 2 new i
condition Of things there can be no doubt, t
implying new implements and new modes Of
culture. Whether the change is advantageous !
or not to tue Eusbandman is no part Of our
present object to discuss, that it has its ad-
vantageB and disadvantages is easy to be seen, ;
hand is diminished product, and on the
other improved health, but tho fact is here
and to that VIC must attend. To this end VIC
return to the
EFFECTS OF TREES ON CLIMATE.
The sun robs the soil Of its moisture, and
the wind robs it Of its heat, two elements
that have an important bearing on the result
ing crops. Nov, it is well known that forest
belts reta1d the rapid sweep Of the wind and
hold it in check; if you close the doors and
windows on the Ice side Of house and open
those to the windwaTd, the effect is but slight,
How open tie opposite door and you have
strong current that will at once reduce the
temperature OF the room, close the door
aid the equilibrium is restored. Just such is
the effect on large scale, where broad belts
Of woodland cross the winds path, for it
should be borne in mind that wind, like water,
has weight and is checked in its progress by
rough and uneven sur1aces; it cannot pass
over high mountains, and its onward sweep is
comparatively slow over extended forests,
while on the smooth surface Of the prairie We
zee the reverse. 4 fact SO plain should have
long since altrlcted the attention Of the far
meTs and suggested remedy. During the
spring months We have two currents Of air
that generally combine, and Is one or the
other becomes the controlling one, We have q
sudden shifting from the southwest to the
northwest. The cold current coming from
the north, following the base Of the Rocky
Mountains until it meets the trade winds Of
the south, both are then detected in an Gust
erly direction; but in few days after the first
Of April the steady flow Of the trades, are too
much for its northern antagonist, and we have
an almost uninterrupted flow Of south west
wind, yet always continuing mixed with it the
cold current that hiss travelled along the base
Of the mountains, charged with the danpness
pf oil fEo r. ar nf
the arctic belt.
Thus the southwest wind until the summer
has travelled far north, is always more or less
cold or damp, and when it has an uninterrup-
ted sweep over the newly sown grain, robbing
tile soil Of its heat, cannot otherwise than
have q tendency to check its growth. To
check this effect NC must plant our wall Of
| timber acro6s its pathway which will be on
! the west sides Of our fields, with wing to the
east from either point, this will arrest the pro-
gress Of the wind from all westerly points,
| but We should be the most particular to
guard the southwest side as from that point
We have the most constant currents. 4 single
| row Of trees has wonderful effect in checking
the force OF the wind, and q belt two rods iu
width will entirely check it and it will 60 over.
In al sheltered nooks VIC observe with what
yigor tue grass, seed and grain comes forward,
in all cases Eipening several days in advance
Of that exposed to the winds. Nor does the
effect stop with only maturity-the quantity
and quality are always improved. In the fruit
crop this effect is always the more decidedly
apparent, and so much SO has this become ap
parent to cult1yatcrs Of Fl lit TINT it ia gcne
rally conceded that, shelter must be had from
the winds by timber belts, close planting O.
low-hcaded trees or high board fences, but ths
latter has no beauty, is expensive, and SHOULD
never take the place Of timber bells SO full O
life and beauty.
TREES ABOUT TIE GARDEN AND HOUSE.
!! First they are beautiful, whether fresh robe,
, for summer, bending their bare arms to tn
Wintry blast, or opening their buds under th
weeping skics ofApril, they are always bean
: titul objects Of delight about the home
,, trees adorn the dwelling; the maiden who's
,, Kaleidoscope is not relieved by thos
| robed monuments Of Gods kindly cart
} for her heart will be as desolate a
+ the surroundings Of her home. Wher
= man builds Lis home on tue praizie an
low in his footsteps and are ready to prey VI
{ Ell his labors, while in turn the birds prey upo
: the INSECTS, in accordance with the great la
= = Of nature, permitting one race to supply TOO
for another. Thus the hand Of man supple
? BY his labor food for millions Of insects, au
4 which continue to increase With wo1derfi
- 1apidity, and were it not for his friends, II
birds, and come others among the cannibal i
sects, Lis fields would soon be diyested
every green thing, and himself turned ont
j. pauper from his oH-n home. But few blrt
q will visit the garden aud house grounds unle
y there are trees and shrubs in which to bui
II their nests, it is therefore important in bu:
le ness way, to plant trees for the home of the
ID our feathcred friends, that they may be at hal
"a to pick up the cut worm when he makes I
~ attack upon our plants, to look after the vi
is worm when the furrow is turned for the cor
# to arrest the borer when in . winged state s
,e is busy laying her eggs in the rough bark
=, the delicate fruit trees, to guard with Il wate
io full eye the insect tribe, that they do no har1
T or at least hold them in respectful check, tt
N they fake no more than their share Of the
:, buTs Of mln.
r.. HEATHFCLSEsS OF TREES.
- In the nrst breaking up of the prafrles t
ID rank grass, often induces bilious disease
or more especially if the new plo xed landed i
- to the west Of the dwelling SO that the sou'
rs west wind waits the miasmatic cxhalations
nc its inmates. A na1row belt Of trees robcd
ns thcir summer foliage, viii rob the alr Of
rrt dtletc1ious gasses, which the leaves deco
an pose, and the 1an1ily arc thus protected fit
~ ~ its otherwise had effects. In like manne
IT. belt OF trees ilterposfng between the hon
i'o stead ard ma1arlous marsh or river bottt
NJ NJ will rob the air Of its deadly yapors Wot
"a that our farmers would consider these vail
4 bic traits Of the leafy treasures Of the trees
T., 1t is said that an ounce OF prevention
40 worth pound Of cure, and in thu case
.rces is certainly true. The trees by bre
-: ing the force Of the chill winds Of Spring
ward and overcoycrs both garden and fl
>. erops,-they induce the birds to look al
the lneccts which would otherwise do
much damage,-by sbeltgring the honest
it protects the family from the bad effects
-, poisonous gases, that rapid changes Of
~ and moisture dist1 into the air, but Which
=: leaves alwas drink in when they come in c
:, ! tact with their delicate tissues. Fruit tr
~ are always valuable IS we'll as profitable,
:ss r. the cry that fruit tree planting has oeco
a.. able, is but the old CRY Of the bog .
~; the wof-:with the wolf left c
II for the wolf never comes. Forty years
- We heard this same prediction and for sew
TX years were firm believer in the doctrine,
If time has dispelled the Illusion. Forty y
~. bushel and CRAFTS fifteen to twenty-t
ist | Now they bring from fifty cents to dollar
i'd often over, therefore we can continue to p
nat even fruit trees With the prospect Of pl
ied as well Us shade and beauty. By q free pl
nd ing OF trees throughout the country We q
ral- have more summer showers and less of dre7
nc ing rains. thus making the moisture Il
lat equitable than at present, and giving 8 Fl
mi er certainty Of good average crops. Ifyoa
esi- no trees at hand to plant, use cult
set- Of willow, Of cottonwood and OF
'"S4 trees, and will soon make an abundanc
t5,r firewood as well IS be OF immense value
Tars shelter not only to crops, hut to the fl,
ron, and his stock. Therefore, we say use
ounce Of prevention, and ii you plant
m, acres less Of corn the present spring, do
fo' neglect the trees for fruit and shelter:
,rest
o in Horrors Of War--The Field of Sh
the Week After the Rattle-"Vts1d
: in ecflPtlon.
l af& Et