The New York herald., 1862-02-23

they left themselves with the ri hest fruits or battle
with vigor, with energy, with expanded ideas Ana
Greece oooried forthwith INTO the spenuI age o reri
clos. Athens crowned her SUBMITS ".th temples ana
adorned hersaf with sculpture ana paintings Greece
appreciated ana nuriured Aschyigs ana Arisiophnes,
and Socrates aud HoTodolus Come " ana Tragedy, MS
tory and hlosopy ana logc and rhetoTicI had almost
said they born In Athens the people had improved
under thor energetic Efforts and oyerhrew the aristo-
cracy, and Athens stands before full bloom, with
her authority estab.hel over extent OF more than
900 miles of Asatic shore-tho posscsOr or forty Islands,
The oolonizer u al the winding shores Of 1hrace Ma
cotOn the commander Of the coast OF EuXinC from Pom
ts 10 the Iaurc nese-hcr m M,
the traffic Of the Eastern Mediterranean her magazines
absorbing tho Injuries Of Italy Sicily, Cyprus lydia
Ponus and the Peopenesus. And sir, may claim for
war, not only that Il has established the belief Of holy
God on earth, and so has been the means oC ein
eating mans conscience, Of correcting his religious be
hef OF eevatrg the spiritual part OF man towards the
God he no ships but also that has brought the
bloom that nation which hns been the schoona ter 70
sxat mas intellect, enrich his Imagination and purify
his taste (Appause.) War with all its havocs has laid
man under everlasting obligations 20 Itself and 1t Is
or ia Peace to turn with unnlia lies and curse the
rough parent that bore her. (Appause.) Rome almost
the synonym for patriotism for sturdy srengh for in
uomable perseverance, for love Of popular orgIHzton
for the power OF the people and the MAJESTY OF
she was trained to this character by centuries OF umu
tuous history" IN the language OF another "storms
which would have rent asunder tie framework Of any
other pOty only prastiscd her IN the art OF controlling
popular pass ons'' s1o Rome owe the forms OF
local government, which in England have saved
liberty, and elsewhere have mitigated despot
ism. .Justinans laws have penetrated into all
modern legislation, and almost all improvements bring
r
same paradox which is wonderful in America tu-
multuous play and interplay of unfcttered popular
opinion, action and struggle. which the and
hddes IN the how OF the great rivor Of national Affairs
left free to ITSELF and tuggng and swelling with the
volume of its own lfe combined with the supremacy of
law and the permanence OF popular organization And il
religious America goes to the Holy Land and polished
America to Athens, Free bat orderly America qua
its great draughts Of rereshmen and from the
Senate and people of Rome In the long period
tory when, for hundred and fifty years. temple
Of Janus scarcely ossd battle after
har pl nhd Ifaltr har.
two hundred and sixty in after warts under
her eagles her citizens marched in orderly array through
The earthin war after the discipline OF the camp
and the subordination of the battle field taught
ner Tree citizens moro and more the lessons of
they returned to Rome, though the river Of na-
onai affairs did boil and ses. every carrenI eve.
ry eddy knew its duty. What. but the rigors OF the
camp can teach free people to govern themselves
orders (Appause Peace to afree people is necessary
but equally For long prolonged peace becomes
canker, that dcbases nations vitality and yigor In
der peace without the healthy OF war the free
man becomes more and more free until his freedom de-
Gays into license And then put that freeman,
cstomed TO the lesson OF discipline the battle field
Hs waits not for orders from he hill top: he has been
loo long accustomed to judge unresraned for himself
tions oil the whole fold, without knowing whether the
slaughter Of his whole troop be necessary TO the
success of the general battle, if his judgment it is
time for him personally TO leave, he, by instinct as
sumes the responsibility he breaks and runs And so
rom such over-rpe freedom, which long peace gives
Lhe national existence is in danger. Not such was the
instruction which her wars gave old Rome And | need
not say that she is STILL in this respect the instructor
not only OF America but of the world And sir we can
claim for war-not only that it has established among
men belief in God not only that has exalted ina rea
enriched his imagination and purified his tasts-but
hat it has also trained that nation which, by its ex
ample, has regulated, ennobled and directed mans will
and so very much, not mainly by the influence OF bat
10 built Judea Greece and Rome, The Improvement Of
The race-the great desideratum Of manEind-has been
tained To pass as in this rapid reyiew we necessarily
must sr-to pass over the intermediate years and come
% the wars OF the Crusades-were they unmitiatcd
sviH Look aiSorne only Of their effects djrdqe They
stimulated commerce to wonderful degree While they
astcd, Venice, Genoa Pisa grew great rich ssThe
ieets or these cities Kept along the supply the
moving armies with whatever waniing.r The sum
which these cities received for freight from such ntna
rous forces immense They grew in refinement and
eventually enabled 10 their own liberty and
inspire other spots with the spirit OF freedom WHO oos
not remember Andrew DoFa, the Washington OF Genoa
But this not all. Constantnople that had been ex
,mpt frcm the destructive Of the barbarian tribes
was the greatest, az well as the most beautiful
Ivy Vi EuIopci tnc only one in which there |
remained image Of the ancient elegance in manners
ana arts In the Eastern empire manufactures Of the
most curious fabrics were carried on and onstantnope
was the chief mart ia Europe for the commodities OF
he East Indies Thus the rough Western peone in
moving towards the Holy Land entered countries better
cultivated, more civilized than their own New armies |
we're continually passing from Europe Asia while
those that returned not only spread through Erron ac
counts Of what they had behed. but imported many
polished customs to which they had become used during
heir stay in the East. They described the oreptaS |
;apital IN terms OF astonishment and admiration "Ob,
What vast city is Constantinope writes Fulcherus
>arnotensis), and how beautiful! How many monaste-
/
wonderful art How many manufactures are there in |
he city amazing to behold 1t would be astonishing 70
eiae now aoounds with gold and silver and suns OF
Taricus kinda for every hour ships arrive its port
aden with all things necessary for the use of man
Hllelmus the most intelligent historian VI the Crusades
eems 10 seek occasions to describe the elegance and
pendor OF the Court OF Constantnope and 70 bring tho
atty into COMPARISON with the West. Godfrey,
isbleman of the West in his history of tho co, |
quest OF Jerusalem, describing the as;onishnlent OF
ais comrades says They could have believed that
here was city Sc beautiful and rich in the whole world
lie bph wall 1of,, /
zen pa aces, Its superb churches all appeared SO great
nat they cold have formed conception OF this sove
eign city unless they had it with their own eyes
ana 81 we ind, as these successive bllOws Of war
washed up the coasts Of Asia, and with reauent wave
wept K, all through the west OF Earope as one result
tne wars, greater spendor in the of princes
sreater pomp in public ceremonies more refined taste
pieasures and amusements," and more vivid spirit
enterprise And TO tho wars OF the Crusades we owe
he irst CLEANS Of light which dspeed the barbarism
md ignorance Of the West But time Is RAPIDLY RAISING
,nd must not pause sir TO show Won bovv III. neone
ssued more and more uDtrammelled by Church and
state from oui the war Of the sixteenth century in
sncn Maurice OF Saxony, rose to prominence from the
lnirty years war; when Gustavus Adolphus led tho
way and taught them 10 strike for themselves. from |
ne civil wars in England; from the American Revolu
Ion and from the campaigns Of the elder Napoleon. |
ness however, are but one scr OF wars which how
averse soever may have been their origin may be con
a. but one great modern war leading as they did,
% tho sAtne end, n,meiy, the wping away OF what
las become the wrong-the unhearabe goads of |
eudssm and to the elevation Of mankind Bat bs.ides
hess obligations under which has placed man to
herself besides the fact that she is the mother o nair.
stism and the insprer OF eoquence, al tonic
and stinauant TO all nations energies And literature
being nation express IL the first 20 be reyivfsd,
,xatsd corrected and adorned Tho golden age OF every
1atons literature has been contemporary inmedi-
ltey subsequent 10 ils hascsst Marathon and
Plass followed a. have said, by the age OF Peri
clss. The tremendous civil wars OF Rome noIrshed
Horace aud Cicero, and Virgil and Ovid. And the Au-
GUSTAV age followed Acum, ike the shifting OF scenes
on s,Ese Crslrell kD3 Milton fourshcd together.
age Queen Anne was that Of the hardest battles Of
Marlborough; and Louis XIV. sgnsii,ed his reign by
great victories and by the great nance VI Racine and
MoIiere. The Melsscnian wars Inspired Tyrtaus and |
ryrtaus with his poems, frerzied the Greeks. Why,
air perhaps the finest figure in ali literature s that of
Addison inspired by the battle OF Blenhem;-
ssf,ut Oh my muse what numbers wilt thou find
To sing the furious troops in battle joined
Msthinks hear the drums ,umuuous sound,
The victor shouts aud dying grosns confound
Tho dreadful burst Of cannon rendths skies,
And all the thunders Of the batce rise
Twas then great Msrlboros mighty soul was proved,
That in a he shock o. charging hosts. uni