New-York daily tribune., 1862-05-16

Gulf Stream, the Coast Of Texas has always been
clear from its ravsges-s most singular and impor.
tant factgiving security to the planter and farmer,
and adding much to Texas, both in commercial and
agricultural point Of viow
The prevailing wind on the Texas coast is south.
east wind, gradually turning round to tho south
toward tho Rio Grande. The more II shifts TO the
souh the dryer this wind becomes from the fact that
Ae moro southing tho wind has the more II comes
from the land, aud consequently the loss water it
t,ayeres. and the less water it can take up in is
course. This, consequently, makes one part OF
Texas dryer than tho other and divides it into three
great belts each one dryer than the other as you
proceed 10 the southwark and westward
Texas ia divided into two great divisions, COM
rnonly called Eastern and Western Texas. All east
and north of tho Trinity is known as Eastern Texas,
end all tha, part west and south Of the Trinity
which is much the larger portion-is known as
Western Texas.
Eastern Texas is generally wooded country
Western Texas is mostly prairie. Eastern Texas lies
in rainy belt. The belt Of greatest rain, beginning
NJ the Sabine extends as far to the south and west US
the mouth of the Brazos. The belt of moderate rains
extends from the mouth Of the Brazos to Mstagorda
Bay, and the direct region Of Texas, where the
preyaiiug winds get rolnd to the south, with come
wes,ing in it, extends from Matagorda Bay TO the
Rio Grarde. Eastern Texas contains the largest
number Of slaves, while Western Texas has compar-
a;iyely few. Brazoria Countysat the mouth OF the
Brpzos. and few counties around, contains the
greatest quantity of slaves in Western Texas.
! From The Sabine 10 the Brazos is q country gen
orally well watered and afording tho finest belt OF
country for raising Sea Island Cotton ia the United
States. The success in raising it therefore has been
very great The great advantages it possesses are
a good coil, sufficient moisture, easy shipment, and
the creates. Of ALL climate perfectly healthy for tie
white man and free from storms and tornadoes IL
wants but Northern whito labor to produce es fine
cotton az ia raised in the world.
Another peculiarity 10 the climate OF Texas is the
Eortherp. The Sierra Madre-tbe continuation OF
the Rocky Moun,ains-and the desert plains at their
base. are the cause, and give them their peculiar
feature.
| Whenever a whirlwind strikes a range Of noun.
tains tie moisture Of those win s deposited on the
windward SIDE Of tia! range. aud the current Of alr
passes the range dry, and if the mountains be high
and capped with snow, both dry and cool.
/ Thus the moist southeast trades blowing over
the plains Of South America are deprived OF their
moisture II is depO,ited on the eastern side, FORM
/ ing the largest rivers in the worid-the Amazon,
Orinoco and Parana-while on western side OF that
range it is ranless In Chill tbas never been known
10 rain ard the Desert Of Atacamo lie standing me
mortal Of the dryness and stenty Of the coast. Onr
easery storms rarely pass the low range Of the Ale
glanies. while the southwest winds of the
Pacific humid and warm, are condensed on
the western sido Of the continent leaving defert for
miles on the eastern eide Of the great Rocky Noun
tain range.
There is n great eastward current in the upper at
mosphere dry and cool-fresh from the mountains
Wien this current dcscends toward the earth. 1t
presses before Il the moist, warm wind from the
Gaf Of Mexico, picking up, as IT were and absorb
ing It's humidity preventing an, and causing the sud-
den change from mild uopica wind to cool aud
dry one.
The sensation Of cold il greater than the thcrmom-
oter would indicate owing To the fact that the dry
ness Of tie atmosphere causes m evaporation from
the kim and evaporation itself produces cold the
sensation Is not only tha, OF the cooness Of the wind
but that produced 10y evaporation.
These northers prevail from the Red River down
to Vera Cruz, increasing in intensity as they 90
South. In Westen Texas they rarely last over
three days-at Vera Cruz, as long ,wenty.
Owing TO the curve Of tho coast they blow off
shore from Louisiana bali way down the Texas coast.
They consequently, along that portion Of the coast,
give perfectly smooth sea and safe anchorage. At
Galveston vossels can lie the whole year safely of
ths bar-the nortbers making the sea smooth-and
the southeast winds being mild and occasoning no
sea to dsurb vessel. at anchor.
But from Matagorda Bay south TO the Rio Grande--
where the coast turns and runs north and south-the
northes blowing parallel TO the coast, raise a ;re-
mendous sea, go tlat III the Rio Grande, during the
prevalence Of tho northen, no vessel lie at ar
c1or.
Tie northcrs occur from October to April ncreas-
ing in power toward the middle Of the Winter, and
gradually dying out in intensity toward Spring.
TLer effect upon health il favorable. They clear
the atmosphere, md the change from them to the
southeast wind is delightful They DO not affect IL
valds afflicted with Diseases Of the lungs and throat
They are cool but dry. Consumption Is uhkEopa m
tie area oC he noriier and there il region where
cousulnpiiyes ale 20 much benefited us in Western
Texas 1t is tho resort 4 hundreds Tho dryness
Of the atmosphere the equabeness Of iho thennomc-
ter, and absence of casterly and north-easery
winds with their rawness and unheathiness, make
Western Texas most desirable climate for inyalids
and residence. Moat hung mp will not putrefy, but
viii dry up, and can be carried and kept for weeks
without the use of salt snd without injury.
This climate is the proper abode for tho white man.
Here lie can live in fall health under an almost trop-
cal sun. There is no more healthy region for him on