davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Cleveland morning leader. [volume] (Cleveland [Ohio]) 1854-1865, 1862-10-01

ToADs IN RoCKs.-Thers is much reason
to doubt that toads have ever been found
alive in the hearts of blocks of stone, her
metically closed. They may have some
times crept in through chinks and cram
nies, and continued alive for a compara-
lively long period, but the many stories
told Of their discovery in the solid and un-
disturbed strata of our earth will not bear
examination. To geOlOgist the thing is
simply impossible the toad belonging to
one age and the rock to another, separated
from it by millions Of years. The toad, for
example, Of our secondary periods (the
labyrinththodons Of the Crystal Palace
restorations) was vastly unlike those of
our degenerate days, and experiments have
shown that, so far from being able to sus-
tain life for ages, this reptile dies, slowly
indeed, but surely, in few months, if in
INJURED in the manner referred to.
The reader may find the subject
very fairly discussed in "White's Nstural
History Of SelbOrne"
Cleveland morning leader. [volume] (Cleveland [Ohio]) 1854-1865, 1862-10-01
Is. TELEGRA.PHIC.
THIS AFTERNOONS DISPATOHEs.l ]
OFFICIAL REPORT OF THE BAT
TIE OF ANTIETAM !
Our Loss 2,O1O killed; 9,416
Wounded!
Rebel Loss 1900 Killed 1915
Wounded
5000 REBEL PRISONERS!
Total Loss Of the Rebels in Ma
Fyland $4,000!
5000 REBEL PRISONERS !!
FROM WASHINGTON.

HAsHINGT0n, Sept. 30.
The following report of the victory of
Antietam has been forwarded to the Head
quarters of the Army by General McClel-
Ian:
NEAR SHARPsBURG, Sept 29.
To Major General H. W. Halleck, Gene
ral-in-Chief:-I have the honor to report
the following as some of the results of the
battle Of South Mountain and Antietam
At South Mountain our loss was 443 dead !;
wounded 1906 and 76 missing; total
23l5.
At Antietam our loss was 2,O1O killed;
9,416 wounded and 1,O43 missing; total,
/ 12,469 Total loss in the two battles, IA
| 794. The loss of the rebels in the two bat
/ ties, as near as can be ascertained, from
] the number of their dead found upon the
| field, and from other data will not fall
short of the following estimate; Major Da-
Wis, Assistant Inspector General, who su-
perintends the burial of the dead, reports
about 5000 rebels buried upon the field of
Antietam by our troops. Previous to this
however, the rebels had buried many of
their own dead upon the distant portion of
the battle field, which they occupied after
the battle, probably at least 500.
The loss of the rebels at South Mountain
cannot be ascertained with accuracy, but
as our troops drove them from the COM
mencement of the action, and as much
greater number Of their dead were seen in
the field than of our own men, it is not un-
reasonable to suppose that their loss was
greater than ours. Estimating their killed
at five hundred, the total rebels killed in
the two battles, would be 1000. According
to the ratio of our own killed and wound
ed, this would make their loss in wound
ed Is, 742, as nearly as can be determined
at this time.
The numbers Of prisoners taken by our
troops in the two battles, will, at the low
est estimate, amount to 5000. The full re-
turns will no doubt show larger number
of these. About !, 200 are wounded. This
gives me rebel loss in killed, wounded
and prisoners, of 5,542.
II will be observed that this does not in
clude their stragglers, the number of whom
is said be, by citizens, very large. 1t may
be safely concluded, therefore, that the re-
bel army lost at least 10000 of their best
troops from the time our troops first en-
countered the enemy in Maryland until he
was driven back into Virginia. We cap
tured l3 guns, caisons and nine limbers,
two field forges, two caison- bodies 80 col
ors and one signal flag. Wehave not lost
a single gun or color.
On the battle field of Antietam Il, 900
small arms we're collected, besides the large
number carried off by citizens and those
distributed on the ground to recruits and
the unarmed men arriving Immediately
after the battle.
AT South Maintain M colIacfior Of qnoU
arms was made, owing to the haste of the
pursuit. From that point 400 were taken
from the opposite side of the Potomac.
(Signed) GEO. B. MCCLELLAN,
% Major-General Commanding.
Cleveland morning leader. [volume] (Cleveland [Ohio]) 1854-1865, 1862-10-01
Rebel Missiles.

Says a correspondent writing of the
battle at Antietam Creek:
al have been credibly informed that
broken railroad iron and blacksmith tools,
hammers, chisels, &C., were fired at us from
rebel cannon. Some of these missiles
made a peculiar noise, resembling which
away which-away,' by which cur men
came to distinguish them from regular
shot and shell, and as they heard them ap-
preaching they would cry turkey tur-
key comingP and fall fat to avoid them.
One Of our artillerists, German, when he
saw the tools falling around him, exclaim,-
ed, my Got we shall have the black
smiths shop to come nextP
Three orfour wounded rebels were burn
ed to death on some straw stacks near the
stone bridge, where they had dragged them
selves for safety and rest. The stacks
were fred by shells"
Cleveland morning leader. [volume] (Cleveland [Ohio]) 1854-1865, 1862-10-01


civilians and others Twenty-one Yankee
prisoners captured in North Carolina, ar
rived at Libby prison yesterday.
The Dispatch also mentions the fact that
Abraham has issued proclamation to lib
crate the slaves, but makes no further
comments on the subject.
The Dispatch contains an item from
Texas paper dated September Sd, which
says Sam Houston is alive yet, and living
on his old homestead.
The Richmond Examiner says that the
public highway in the Valley Of Virginia,
from Winchester 10 Staunton, is crowded
with suffering and wounded soldiers Poor
fellows, who were in the terrible fights Of
Sunday, Monday, Tuesday and especially
in the terrible fight Of Wednesday of last
week They left the battle field for home
or the hospital and were too weak to pro-
oeed, and had no money to procure their
passage. It is exceedingly painful and
sorroWful to see these poor, ragged, toll
worn, battle-scarredh heroes trUdging wear
lily and languidly along. Let them be
looked after at once. The same paper
complains Of frequent failure Of Southern
nails L.--al-.----
The Examiner regrets that debates in
Congress on the conscriptiOn bill should
be conducted in a way to influence the pub
lie mind. 1t complains particularly of the
speech Of Conrad of Louisiana, on the sub
ject, and adds, that the word States means
much more than is implied in Conrad's
limited lexicon. States are not political
they are sovereignties.
Cleveland morning leader. [volume] (Cleveland [Ohio]) 1854-1865, 1862-10-01
u FeelinE b n1nrrInnd.
.o0rTosp0ndence New York Tribune. ]

Correspondence New York Tribune.
Of course the late proclamation Of the
President has been the subject Of much dis
cussioa in the army-among both private
soldiers and officers.
God bless Abraham Lineolnf' has been
heard from hundreds Of lips even in the
divisions which formerly belonged to the
old army Of the Potomac My blood fairly
jumped in my veins and ohoked my heart
last night, to hear that grand old song:
+" John Browns body lies s-mOulderng IN the
grave,
Bat his soul is marching or-rnarching on
sung by 1000 strong lungs just formed in
to regiments from this loyal State Of Ma
ryland.
Who would have believed it and yet it
was so, and sung in the evening, in the
main street Of Williamsport, as the troops
were marching through the city TO do pick
ct duty at the fords Of the Potomac.
But short time ago, and but a little
distance from here, John Brown hung be-
tween heaven and earth, and went TO his
account amid the Oaths, the jeers, and the
SCOTS Of the very men who now hear night
y the tread Of armed thousands who sing
to his memory. Truly, the world moves,
and the people move with it.
Williamsport and Hagerstown are loyal
cities beyond question: The rebel inva-
sion Of the State has benefited the cause
Of the Union immensely. Several promi-
nent Union men tell me that the Secession
lists have been profoundly quiet since the
rebel army set foot upon the soil of Mary
land.
This army Of vagabonds was itself the
which silenced them. They soon
became Of cause sustained by such a
crew. With the loyal
people, they rejoiced when the last dirty,
cut-throat disappeared
from their midst.
Cleveland morning leader. [volume] (Cleveland [Ohio]) 1854-1865, 1862-10-01
FROM FORTRESS MONROE.


EOhThkSS MONROE, sept. 70
Flag Of truce boat brought down five
families from Richmond, bound north.
The Richmond Dispatch of September ID,
says, our army is daily increasing by sc-
cessions Of strsgglers and eonscripts.
Whatever may be the intended move
ments of Lee, he is perfectly successful in
keeping them concealed, and what is con-
cesled from our people, finds little chance
Of making its way TO the enemy.
Up to Tuesday last, our pickets extend
ed to the neighborhoOd Of Harper's Ferry.
It is not probable that the Federal army
will attempt to cross the Potomac against
us at present.
Romney is occupied by our rangers.
Five hundred Yankees, many of them
wounded, are expected to arrive to-day
from Gordonsville If they arrive in sea-
son, they may be included in the number
sent TO Atkins Landing to-day and re-
leased.
On Thursday, sixty-seYen Yankee pris-
oners arrived from Gordonsville, including
several commissioned officers, soldiers and
nurses. The whole party will be sent home
in few days, including Sfty other Yankee
Cleveland morning leader. [volume] (Cleveland [Ohio]) 1854-1865, 1862-10-01
The aorh Ohio in the Battle of Antistam

The 3Oth Ohio In the Battle of Antietam.
A correspondent of the Tribune writes:
al have just been shown the national
flag of the 30th Ohio, Colonel Ewing, Lieu
tenant Colonel Jones commanding, Colo
mel Ewing commanding Brigade, with II
bullet holes in it, the rebel work Of the 18th
inst The regiment was receiving rebel
fire from two sides in our advance on the
left, where we were forced to fall back
The color bearer, a Sergeant White, plant
ed the flag undaunted in the face Of the
foe, Notwithstanding, and fell himself,
pierced through the breast and instantly
expired. The bearer Of the regimental col
ors, Sergeant VIM. Carter, of the same reg
iment, was also shot dead with bullet in
his forehead, penetrating his brain. BE
lost two brothers killed at Shiloh. William
was the last.
Cleveland morning leader. [volume] (Cleveland [Ohio]) 1854-1865, 1862-10-01

SonneStons are rlsde at AqurosyiIle with the San
dusi.ys Mansheld 3 Newark r R, at Clyds With Tia
aqssy, Day on 3 Cincinnati r. B., az fremont
%leh z [eIcont = Indians r B. and at Toledo with
me me Alcnlgan Southern 4 northern Indiana and To-
Leao q Wa59sh Railroad for Chicago Detroit jack
SOIL EorL Weynes Logansport, Lafayette Cairo. AL
Southwest. "1'' e-@
Trains arrive in cle,eIand from Toledo and the
Hesl a. 80 A H. and a.o5 u. From sandusky a.
~ ~ - A n - -. l. D kuCkER, Eupi6
Cleveland morning leader. [volume] (Cleveland [Ohio]) 1854-1865, 1862-10-01

JoHE PETIT, Benton's adirty dog, has
been nominated for Congress by the Cop
perheads of the Sth Indiana district. The
Lafayette Journal says he made speech q
few days ago, in which he says: "If Old
Abe viii just come to me, Pll tell him how
to stop this rebellion Extend Slavery
over every Free State in the Union, and the
rebellion viii be stopped in sixty days"
Cleveland morning leader. [volume] (Cleveland [Ohio]) 1854-1865, 1862-10-01
DOx'r PLAY w1ra YoUR Wu1sKrRs.-

Some sensitive person makes the following
,.SOrribls comparison:
The feline smOothness Of some men is ter
rible. We fancy they would feast on our
Suin as tigers even when tanned, lap blood.
4 see - tWirl his moustaehe sometimes,
and the cat licking the Redeemed tips Of its
smeIlers after Symposium Of raw flesh is in
stantly snd instinetiVelg suggested.
We shall never twist our elegant append
zgs again. Al a-
Cleveland morning leader. [volume] (Cleveland [Ohio]) 1854-1865, 1862-10-01
CLEVELAND & ERIE R. R.
/ SUMMER ARRANGFMFNT- n


LEAVE ERIE
l.SS 4 N. NIGHT EXPRFSS 7TRAIN-sronpfry, -
1lTefd Ashtabqla and PainesTills only, and
arrives Ct Cleveland az SD A. NJ
l;l0 A. NJ MAIL TRAIE-Stopping at al staffops
except SayhrOok, Unionviile, Perry Mentor
and Wicklife, and arrives al Cleveland at3;O5
Pm.
I4G P. N. DAY EXPRESS TRAIE-Sioppiu- at GI-
f rard, Conneaut, Ashtabula and Painesvills
only and arrives in Cleveland az $40 p ~
ACCOMMODATION TRAIN will leave Conneart af
go A; n, Stopping at all stations, arriving ct
Cleveland morning leader. [volume] (Cleveland [Ohio]) 1854-1865, 1862-10-01
TRAvELKE,s PRGIsrFR.

9ltiHens wishing conveyance to either Of the
~ spSse Trans or Boais via b called for BY Coaches
e The Omnibus Once IA su1srior-f Il1-f door, 81
the Weddsn House - ~ -
Cleveland morning leader. [volume] (Cleveland [Ohio]) 1854-1865, 1862-10-01
RAnRnAns..
CLEVELAND 3 PITTSBJRGH
III q o A d -
CLEVELANDa& & TOLEDO R. R.

FR MYERS, G. T. 6ssnt. &; aoO ''AAoUsA' s9Sss; SHs
Cleveland morning leader. [volume] (Cleveland [Ohio]) 1854-1865, 1862-10-01
DRY GOODS.
"a 237. "a

kS @SN
HO WEIR s HIGB EE,
DEALERS IN
Staple and Fancy Dry Goods,
2s7. superiOr-st. 2s7.
Have now the following Departments fully stocked ::
shawls and Cloaks,
silks,
Merinos, Coburghs, &c,
Fancy Dress Goods,
Prints and Ginghams,
Small Wares,
Hosiery and Gloves,
Ribbons,
White Goods,
Linens,
Domestics,
F1annels,
Broadcloths,
Cassimeres, &c,
Skirts, Hoop Skirts & Balmorals.
237.
HOVER & HIGBEE
Rroiess to be able to buy Goods choap as any Mer
Chant in the Trade and
They Can and VIII Sell Low.
CALL FOR THE PROOF AT
237. SUPERIoR-ST. 237.
septl7
Daily Nashville union. [volume] (Nashville, Tenn.) 1862-1862, 1862-04-25

was circulated as being derived from letter
wfitten by a reliable stntlendi. in Nashville to
'a-yeliabk gesfimaa in, Clarksviliel The ex-
citement soon rose to fever heat at which
point it stood till about three in the evening,
when, becauie the report was not con-
Tined, it begin TO abate, aud died out, be-
llieve, with tho setting sun, The spirit which
secession has evoked, is beyond doubt, ly.
ing spirit, deceptious spirit, bamboozling
spirit Why, sir, / am told that it isa con-
slant enquiry al the Post Office by country
people, whether they can send letters through
the mail without having them examined
Most assuredly," says the Poet Master.
"We have l,een told not, Is the re-
sponse.' "a poor woman went into
the office to day and wished to know if
CHE could ssud,s a.aetter to- Missouri
Certainly, madame q Thank God for that',y
said she; -Isn,s that one step towards peace !?
II hope So, said the Post Master. Well,
what, is the posiage?. Three cents, madam"
sit possible "They told me it would
cost fifteen cents, and waited several days
to get the money, when am so anxious to
hear from my friends. !" What possible good
can such lies effect In favor of Secession .
People of Tennessee. you who make your
living byIstol, will you listen forever 10
these CLOSING lies All your. interests are
bound up in peace and a stable Govern
ment. CIyIs.
Daily Nashville union. [volume] (Nashville, Tenn.) 1862-1862, 1862-04-25
meroz Baldwin.

! There used to furnish here q little
swarthy, wild-eyed preacher named s
d. BALDWIN. He wrote a whimsical
book on the Interpretation of prophecy
called Armageddon. This fellow, like a
good manysotherl parsons in this region,
became a violent rebel, and while the
fight was going on at Fort Donelson, and
the rebel papers were predicting grand
victory for their side, he announced that
he would preach sermon on The Curse
of Co,Uaqalsce, to be Ieveled particularly
at the Union men Of this city. ~ On Sum
day be strutted down the aisle, and into
the pulpit, looking for all .he world like
a turkey gobbler in pairing season. de
stood up and drawled put his text:
aCurse--ye- Meroz. Curse- ye bit
ferly-saith--the - Lord. And then
began to rant against white livered cow
ards. just then a man entered the
church, his staring eyes looking wildly
from their sockets, and painted out
Sort Donelson's taken and othe gun
boats arc close TO Nashville!' Poor
Armageddon jumped back as if he had
swallowed serpent Squalled out, "Oh
Lord !r-turned as pale as sheet and
then broke like a quarter horse for the
door, knocking down little boys, jostling
old men, and upsetting several ladies in
his frenzied fight, He dashed down
street. and then vanished like the devil
in a cloud of dust, and we believe that
that was the last ever heard of poor
Mercz- Armageddon Baldwin. Thopar-
son attempted to preach on cowardice
ard certainly for once felt his sf'Gect. He
furni shed his hearers with an astonish-.
ing illustration of his text. He; always
was little Eighty, but in his last SER
mon he wasJFighsier than ever. His theme
evidently ra,t array with him !!
U " -
Daily Nashville union. [volume] (Nashville, Tenn.) 1862-1862, 1862-04-25
Important Dispatch.

CoRINTH, April g. 1862
To General SAMUEL CoOPER, Richmond. VS.. !:
All present probabilities are, that whenever
the enemy moves on this position be will do
so with an overwhelming force of no, less
than IS 900 men. We can now muster onIy
about 80 600 ELECTIVES. Van Dorm NAV pos
sibly join us in few days with about Is. 600
more. Can We not be reinforced from Penn
berton's army? II defeated here we lose the
Mississippi valley, and probably our cause.
Whereas, We could even afford to lose. for
wniie, Charleston and Savannah, for the
purpose OF defeating BUELL. INV. which
would not only insure US the VALLEY of the
Missls'ippi, bu. our independence.
dq ~ G. t. BEAUREGARD.
There is no doubt of the authority of
this intercepted dispatch. Beauregard
makes terrible mistake in regard to our
lorce, as we will have double the number.
We guess the game is bagged.
Daily Nashville union. [volume] (Nashville, Tenn.) 1862-1862, 1862-04-25

A New IMPLEMENT OF WAR.-The
Cincinnati Gazette, speaking with regard
to the trial of it, says: A heavy malle-
able iron target, two inches in thickness,
lined with eight inches of solid oak.
was perforated through and through with
this new missile. Only one pound and
quarter of powder and ten-pound ball
from three-inch Dahlgreen was used.
The experiment was complete success,
and exceeds anything ever before accom-
plished. The improvement, which con-
sists i'm the sabot and ball, both being
CONSTRUCTED upon plan not heretofore
adopted, claims the serious attention of
Che Government. 1t is thought by scien-
tific artillerists who witnessed the test
that with twenty five pounds of powder,
and 100-pound shet--no iron clad ves-
sci that can float, will withstand it.
Daily Nashville union. [volume] (Nashville, Tenn.) 1862-1862, 1862-04-25
Nashville Union.

The NaslUiIle Onion, new daily paper,
has just made its appearance, edited by
S. c. MERCER He writes with great vi
gor, and is bold as lion.--Alany (MK)
Journal. q
Daily Nashville union. [volume] (Nashville, Tenn.) 1862-1862, 1862-04-25

Ninety kentucky mules have been
sent to Port Royal, 10 be used in pr epar-
in The land for cotton planting. t,-f
Daily Nashville union. [volume] (Nashville, Tenn.) 1862-1862, 1862-04-25
AN UNANswERARLE LETTER.

We give our readers this morning a
letter from the. distinguished JAMES RoBB,
the eminet Banker of New Orleans, who
beginning life.a poor boy has for near
half a century been identified with the
fortunes of New Orleans, until he has
amassed fortune. He is one of the most
vigorous thinkers in the land. Read his
views of this great question of the day.
Daily Nashville union. [volume] (Nashville, Tenn.) 1862-1862, 1862-04-25
WHO ARE QUALIFIED VOTERS |?

This question has been suggested to
Us by the following communication from
a friend in thisccounty. asGan man, who
does not acquiesce in sthe action of his
State and ohsiinately refuses to acknow-
ledge allegiance to the Confederate States,
legally vote at the election on Thursday I?
We think not. As long as Tennessee was
one of the United States, no man was en-
titled 10 a vote who was not citizen of
the same. r Now that she is lawful
member of tire Confederate States, no
one oughtto-b entitled to vote who
was not a citizen of the same, and is
ready to declare his allegiance, when
challenged. Otherwise rebels against
her authority, and traitors against the
Government may exercise the great fran
chise of voting. t, Let the inspectors of
elections see to this important point
The following is the communication re-
feiTed to- 19is9g oI9G EaW Ell .e59H
Daily Nashville union. [volume] (Nashville, Tenn.) 1862-1862, 1862-04-25
VINO are oual:fied yerers /,

The Nashville onion and american, re-
Gently the great rebel organ of this State,
conducted under the eye of Isham Harris,
contained the following editorial, on
Tuesday, July 80, 1861:
The weekly Lancaster gazette. (Lancaster, Ohio) 1860-1863, 1862-06-12
'"' 'b''' ANNOUNCEMENT OF . lls'H'
Parson Brownlow's Books
The subscribers are about publishing narrative 0
inc per''', adventures and sudcrinEs ofths as {
REV, w. G.. RROWNLOW.nq
Among Tue seoosslonisis Of Tenn,

Among the Secessionists Of Tenne.aee
Inc manuscript Us nearly completed, and will
put to press forthwith. The appearance and ypoera
ply Ofthe work will bo OF the irst eass Il viii n
seenes o Ieierrcd 70, and FAelT Engrsvsd Stss
Aslolis contents, We have no hesitation In salinR
loat tho public VIII DO startled at this narrative
lacs; 1t viii Jay baro tho and eraeliY
wnlch marked the Development ofthe secession coa
splracy IN Tennossee,-the disasters and the Yuln
with which II devastated communities once Drosnef.
Gus, and sundered families once hapn,; more ihnn
l,h VIII expose the bal and reckless ambition ana
INC RELENTLESS and blood d.tbirstlness by which The
hkeauers otthe conspiracy stimulated 10 thoIg
work ofcrimo and treason.
The narFailseis Is one OF fpersonal experience. The
anlhor vouches for the accuracy OF It's stalementS-
me public may, therefore, aceeptit as not only 70
aOle but peculiar chapter In the general hisloFy
cant, startling, ori ,sructve memorial OF he Teboli
lon It's minute personal and soelai bearings 10 now
acce sble.
The public are well aware that NJ. B,ovpiov Ia
bold speaking man. in this narrative OF HIS suser
Jugs. composed mostly while IN custody In the fail
hp0xvllle, he has uttered his thoughts In language
extraordinary force and fearlessness Scahing hfg
70 his countrymen, even from his cell, With The uT
gency OF a martyr. .- T. = - :
II viii be published 10 one volume. lano.. a
about 400 pages. at 81 IS, tl - ~ 4.
Applegate & Co., Publishers, forthe entIfe Wee
No. -, Main street, Cincinnati. 81, etHlT. va s's
The undersgned has been appointed agent, for The
sale OF this highly interesting Book In this eounty
These desHng 20 engage In the business must apply
soon. Torms, &C., will DO furnished by applyinete
or addressing the Agent. n. RRltTRa. ~
Lancaster, April %, 1892 'tpa'F 'fTI 1t'''t '
The weekly Lancaster gazette. (Lancaster, Ohio) 1860-1863, 1862-06-12
wNMg Facta
A fool IlatleFs himself, but n visa

t0Oi nAtters himself, bul q wise man
0attersa fool. a eYst tr-
Reading without reflection will never
make awise man.
From the follies Of youth spring many
OF lifs's aftcr regrets. '.''
Nothing is 90 apt to dlsgust q feeling
mind as mistaken zeal.
II 70 always easier 10 take away good
nsme than to restore II.
Moments sometimes make the hues In
whish after ysars are colofed.
lie who promises rashly will break his
promise a. readily as be makes Il. Z
he who oan't conceal bis vexatiou IA a
laughing Alock foF bis enemies.
Pride 10 . bpFing- board at one time, and
a stumbIug block at another.
Conseienes once hushed 70 sIpSo NAV
rise ~ torture, but win no. awake 70 save .
Tbe femsmorancs Of duties hear MtlessIy
performed give bnt very little satisfaction.
Our true education should commence
when our collegiate studiss are just con.
cluded. ~ sa7tRss .iaA ish y
The eOmpanions, Of ones boyhood are
not, asa general ruls, agreeable % man.
hood'siAstes. 81 I'm "a N Y,{
Men aie not strnok with incongruities
10 their wnapPearance any more ihan 10
their conduct ~ s4.g