Vermont watchman and State journal. [volume] (Montpelier, Vt.) 1836-1883, 1862-05-16
FROM wAsHINGToN.
MAY 10, 1862.

session memorable. The Senate, for its share,
passed the homestead bill with but few dis
scouting votes-33 to Z. 1t also made de-
cdcd advance in settling the confscation
question, by referring all the bills to a com
mittee. which will undoubtedly report some
measure acceptable to majority Of the SEN
ate. The House passed Pacific railroad
bill, 10 to 40; also ball TO establish the ter
ritory of Arizona and sent to the Senate a
resolution for the impeachment Of West II.
Humphreys (rebel,) United States Judge for
the District Of Tennessee Ono Of the last
acts. and the most unanimous, was a resolu-
ton acknowledging the hand Of the Almighty
IN the recent overthrow Of the rebels, and
especially thanking Gen. Mcclellan for bis
great successes with 50 little sacrifice Of life.
The resolution was introduced by Mr.. Love-
Joy Of Illinois, somewhat to tic chagrin Of
the democracy. It was we'll timed and well
done and proper rebuke to those who are
solicitous to make party capital out Of Gen.
Mcclellan, either pro or con. However i'm
patent ulhul hhNt bttl III respect 70 uHus
success has been cordially accepted as a heal
ing balm.
II the Pacific railroad bill isto be accepted
as any thing more than pledge OF tn gov
eminent to the Pacific states 10 secure ulti.
mately the construction Of the road, it is i'll
timed. When the Government is forced to
resort 20 direct taxation in measure more
onerous than ever before, the addition Of six
ty millions Of dollars in new obligations can
not be claimed to be prudent. A postpone
mcnt to the close Of the war, or at least an
enlarged bounty in land instead Of govern
ment bonds. | think would have been better.
The experience of this country in railroads
demonstrates that they can be extended and
supported only with the progress Of a sustain
ing population. No roads TO any eonsidera-
bic extent ever have been sustained by
through Business alone--that is, by Passen-
gers and freight exclusive Of that furnish
ed by the region adjacent to the road. The
rivalry of competing lines forces transporta-
ton Of through freight az nearly the rate Of
cost, and the prof, Of the road, il there is
any. Is necessarily derived from local bust
ncss. The Pacific railroad will not prove an
exception To- this rule Il will have TO com
pete with transportation by sea, combined
with short railroads across the isthums, and
it will be found that very lev articles Of
freight will bear the cost of railroad trans
p1rtatiou for three or four Thousand miles
Profitable business must be made upon the
line Of the road and therefore the FIRST step
should be 70 secure a Supporting population
upon the line. A location cf the line and
the opening to settlement Of lands through
which it is located will best secure this and
as fast as this is secured the road may be ad-
vanced. In time the line Of road viii reach
regions incapable Of supporting large popu-
lation, and precisely then the government
should interpose with It's aid Then. and TO
that extent, government aid will be needed,
and it will be right 20 give it.
The Arizonia bill originally contained
section prohibiting slavery in all territories
This section was modified so as to apply only
to Arizonia. the design being TO pass an in
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