, 1862-07-07

o1e possible ausWer to the QUESTION. = + %: =.
flEnd il everything you can see aud ha1-
around you. In wnateVer direction Eou tprn
your eyes, to whatever part Of th4 county
sure and quick response. You flud an ans ser
here as you turn your eyes upon this gre.a: city,
raised up Us if By magic under the kindly aaa
genial influence Of our Federal system. You
have the same ansWer from those broad
p1alEes bs5ond the city, but LATELY yisldta up
est harTests. There il no community on
Garth which should have SO distinct conTic-
ton as our oWn Of the blessings Of national
unity, and Of the evils Of separation. Seventy
years have hardly passed over Us since ths
adoption Of the Constitution. In that tiae
the original thirteen States, at frat tainly
peopled, weak and almost exhausted in avail
ahle resources, have gro3u up to gfsat and
powerful nation. Half continent d IS been
a;;.: 1eGGsmea s from savage vldness, md q civil
pol!sS established over il, in which the idea Of
e'gii and religions liberty has been realized to
q degree tha. in other countries las neyrr vet
been dreamed of-
-, Bn1 " the perpetaation Of the Union is 3 mat
source Of incaleulable material beue6ts and
peeuElary advantage to every part Of t;1e
country, but also as the only possible secur;tv
re can have against mutual jcalousies. anS
inevitably ard perpetually arise between he
Different fragments Of the conf.deracT. Il
broken into separate and rival co NM aities
10 say nothing Of the impossibijity Of
a!: agreeing anlieably upon any line Of par-
tsenss Sn ana bc5 5he von a1Ey and o1 7ipdist7s
torcible separation, there are to be fonnd
IN our peculia1ities of disposition and tem-
permanent as q people, many and fruitful causes
OF perpetual hostility: The people Of this
e9eanil5 aIe Iemarkaole toz their restless spirit
into separate nations, this spirit would ineyi-
tably lead to perpetual1y recurring 5litIiauitias
and collisions, TO be folio 1ed by cruel and
destructive vars. Pso6ting by our jealousiea
ana an animosltles, tue nations Of Europe would
until finally through rheir int1igues and our
lea!ousles OF each other, We should be COM
pe4ea 10 seek refuge from our o I'D conten-
tlous, either in i military despotism or 1 vile
dependence upon foreign power.
In view OF these considerations ns-coasiderd-
nons Ii comparison With which all ether DO
ilt1cal questions sink into insignihcauce[it
is not strange that the American peopl= shorld
nave generally cherished IN ardent attach
ment to the U1ion Of these States. Our
character abroad, our welfare at home and
tue very existence Of our free Institutions
depend upon its preservation. It has raised
tne nation to power and fame. It has realized
~, and more than all, the hopes Of its great
founders and II not shamefu2ly aad treAcher-
ous4y stricken down, Is sure to bring about
! results in the no very distaut future before
which all the gloties Of the past will iAde
away.
There is involved then, in the present tre-
menaous struggle for the conservation Of the
Union, ca2se as great aud noble as eyer
s.uEed the hearts Of pltrists. Religion, civ
lizat;on, freedom and hunlanity-the voices
OF the dead-the voices Of the !iyiey4aad tha
Tolces OF PosteEty call upon Us to rcpcl the
assaults OF those who, fiise to their oaths,
false to their country and false to manEind'
are now seeking its obstruction
ultimately associated with this feeling OF at
fachnltnt to the Union, Of which [ hive
spoken, there is another principle in which
americans ,nna e; IN general aEe heartily agreed
| 70 Tie Constitution Of tie Eai{ed Sfc.:s
Il the Union is the object Of their fret IoTe.
tpey snow l, can only be m1intained Of i faith
ini adherence tt, the federal compact, This
exPtct to find perfection in no work Of hnmln
hands. Il encountered some ditiic calti and
opposition at its birth, but its practical opera-
ton, as system Of government ad :p:ed to
our PECULIAR situation and wants, vas so happy
| and satisfactory, that it soon won the s.n:F:l
| favor aud affection Of the people, and ais been
fer more than hall 4 century Justly regarded
as model government
! The Morc c..s.ul1J; il Is studied, tic h;reer
will be our ad.l,;ration Of the wisdom, genius
and patriotism Of the great men who devised
| it, and the stronger our determination to
cling to il as the sheet anchor Of our liberties.
| To form IN Efficient system Of of5oyerameut,
| Republican in to57.,,. and adapted to country
Of great exttnt md We diversity Of climatc,
embracing within its liri..- thirteen dls:tact
ard essentially sovereign statcs, s. seasl} attsI-
,rE from each other in size, wealth anu 'opu- pa-
iat!on, whose customs, manaers and b h.t,,S
| wer: 50 various and whose interests were not
| precisely identical, Was obviously o task At
! teIded viii. formidable difficulties.
Tie old Canfed, ration nus little m,re than
league or compact between the Status in
t5tlr corporate capacities, aad, from tA;, inae-
rest weakness Of the central power and want;
| Of means to enforce its authority PROVED Ut
ter!s inadequate to secure the obj.c.s Tor
@ Which general government WIS r:aa:-ed.
ang attachment 3nos7 Of the psoPle to tueir
eighties was an insur,nountab1c obstacle
to q consolidation Of theStltes and the
institution Of single central authority
| over TIE whole; and such Z system,
| ocslces; vas jpstls considered ss not adapted
10 nation Of extensive territory and large
population. One plan ouly remained, namely,
mixed -combinipg, to certli
extent, tie peculiar;ti.s ofa tuder.tiTe repub-
nc and OF single consolidated government
1t WIS upon this plan that the present coasti-
! tuition OF the Caired States was n ,turcd. II.
Establishes an efficient national goytrn,ueut
lrstrarahly connected with the SAT- iastitu-
| lions, so that the two united torm but single
system and ono government: The powers Of
! + IL. IL
Ihority within lis jurisdiction is sunrctne. To
| It arc contded those powers which a3ny-taiu
to commerce and foreign atf.Airs antd those
which more Immediately concern the whole
| nod} polite; while the local and domestic
concerns Of the people are in general r.rllatcd
By tie Stare legislatures.
I :, lie POWERS conferred upon the General
GoVernmens are limited and specifically de-
nGea' ana a!l powers not expressly granted or:
necessarily implied, are reserved to the St ties
or Inc DEDTlf- In This 4iEfsinn
u Int ectlve POWERS Of governments, consists
| lie great excellence Of our system. If there
| we're but one source Of legisl alton in 4 nation
So eAtenslye IS ours, the local interests and
Ean.s wants q q tae people would lie frequently dis
regaf1ed, and could not be properly provided
ter. Measures adapted to the sisuat;ou and
circumstances Of parsicu1Ar;States or SECTIONS
| would be wholly unsuited aud unacceptahle
to others. This would necessarily lead to civil
discussions and disorders; and to guard
| against the dangers OF anarchy, the goTer7,-
| ment would Require d.gree OF authority and
| energy dangerous to the liberties of the peo-
| PIE. IL the system under which ne row live,
lnese oolesti9n5 a[s entirely avoided, and it
| circumstance It rests, like our Ssite gov
| ernments, upon the Sovereignty Of the people.
| ard recognizes them rs the only legitimate
source Of all human authority.
has clearly shown that this system Of govern
| men is not only fully adequate to the purpose
! Tor which 1t Was designed but that it has also
| slngularly commended itself to the favor and
| affection Of the people. Under Its beuigu
| operation our domain has been extended
| 2eToss the continent until it now stretches
| from sea to sea From 5, ,0OO, 900 Of peopI1 We
baye multiplied to 20 000, 800. In navigation.
commerce aui manufactures and the applica-
tlors Of science 10 the useful arts, our pro
| gIess has been equally Striking The mcaus
| oi education have been everywhere boQute-
| ously provided. Everywhere industry has
met with an adequate return, and plenty
smiled ot every fiseside. In word, there is
70 land urder the broad canopy Of helyeu
wbere the people have enjoycd 50 large share
of rational liberty, or been blessed with such
pit tnttons prosperity as in the United StA!ea
| OF America. Ne hare had, it is true, our seq
/ scrs of political excitement and contention.
| Often the c1amorE uf party have been exceed
irgly fierce and violent. Sometimes Tie sub
cts OF controversy have been difficult aud
| delicate; but until the country was Btarsled
| by the prtscnt rebellion, all our differences
| have been submitted to the quiet arbitrament
Of the ballot, and the controversy has termi-
mated at the polls.
I Parties exist in some form in all govern
ments, but in those Of popular character
i party spirit assumes peculiar Virulence. It
Is ted By motives which never tire and pas
/ EionE which neVercuoL It is eue Of the prices
| which man must pay for the boon of freedom-
| SO long as h1man nat1re shall continue what
| 1t is, and ambition, avarfee aud the love Of
| power eha1l dwell in mans bosom, political
| warfare will never end. As q cheek Or re-
t straint against its cNcesses, we have resorted
| II this country to the form Of written cons.i-
tnt1ons, N which the powers OF government
| are strictly limited and defined. This is esue-
clally true Of the constitution Of the United
| &c Ao9A n< e..