Memphis daily appeal. [volume] (Memphis, Tenn.) 1847-1886, 1862-01-21

could produce. If the consumption were to reach thai
of Great Britain, it would require 2l6JlUUO bsies, 2r
little more than one-fourJh Of the cspAeiy iof QI"auc
ton of the cotton States
viii now consider the question of labor to b. EN-
| pioyed in the cultivation OF cotton % meet thE e1aS'alty
Increasing demand The census OF LooO gives lus 5laNe
population Of the ten cotton producing Stdtes sDo't
named. to be 29ii,6O9. The average nuhoeI o. tSuo'
] err. or those TT FOR service Is t"o-thHHs ~ ue "u"'1
there are, therefore, In those states i,5oLU12, suitable o"
be employed IN some Kind Ofserv1ce, and leaving ot ono
/ third. a. The number of Young, old, and nnrm. Inc dN-
go Dpr1ber Of bsles Of cotton 70 the hand, is stated %
be eight: IL therefore required but 5o@rP" ie0oIeiH
}, ,-,5r.a tho 41nNI5 bales sent TO market in
1889 These figures show thar there were lrSs 81 la
borers in those States not employed ia the cultivation Of
/ cotton. L we deduct 1901 V employed IN the production
OF sugar and mola-ses, we still have i24o,1lS not en-
plOyed in the cultivation OF cotton or cane Auese are
occupied In all the other various departments Of service.
The increase Of the slave PoPuIeuOnl IS iour per cent per
aImum, or OLE hundred per cent every twenty-five
wears The increase will, therefore, b. forty per cent.
in the next ten years. or l.lb6,543 Of the whole number
/ which will give an Increase of n4,35S labor rs, and 2ll,-
S5 moTr than were employed to produce the crop Of
| i.51lOU0 balesi in 1853. The crop OF cotton was increased
| one hundred Der cent. from 1850 to lS60, and shouid the
demand continue, the product may be augmented by the
natural increase Of the present popnia1lon OF the COTTON
growing States, so Ar 10 reach 9.OJO,OO9 in 1871. OF one
hundred per cent above the crop of lsj0, and this in
crease Of production msy b. continued 10 meet the de
mand 20 an indefinite period.
The cotton growers of the Southern States do not re
/ gard with the slightest anxiety or jealousy the Efforts
that arr being mHde 70 produce cotton IN Asia Africa,
Australia ana south America II success Pttends the
movements Of the Cotton Supply Association Of Man
chester, the result viii be simply 10 enble the people OF
those countries 70 consume a quantity Of manufactured
Goods IN proportion 20 the quality OF cotton produceo
and exported il Ii a perfectly welEascertained fget
that the cotton States Of the southern Contederacy COZ
! tain the only cost0B-grOwing region in the world where
more cotton is produced than is consumed in manufac-
| turCi goods; therefore. all countries that DO not produce
cotton must depend GA those States for that material
70 supply their home consumption The hand laDor o.
iUjiS and China cannot compete with the skilled industry
az the manufacturing countries Of Europe. India now
receives from England nearly twice the number Of pounds
81 manufactured goods that she sends OF raw cotton 70
England In lcJs EDEind received from India l32'22
555 las u raw cotton, and san TO lnda %%aWS,O0J
pOunds Of yarns and manufactured cotton goods A
the trade of China Is n0W thrown open, the fabrics Of
hrf handioozis must give place TO the machine goods
4 western Europe. II her consumption Of cotton shall
eIaai that OF frsnce- II VIII be l,ittpvu'hO iOSi elasi
10 2,SsJ090 bales, OF 800 los. each, per anuuln.
Those who imagine that the half civilized people Of In
iia, or the savage tribes Of Africa, can compete with the
southern states of America IN the cultivation 81 cotton,
might az well suppose that the system Of agriculture Of
nglSud or France could be introduced into eitherO those
countries As nluch science T. required ana EN- ploSlu III
the cotton culture az in any branch OF agriculture IN me
world But Il is sid cotton grows on trees in the tropics
30 do grapes; but does It follow that the people Of
India ami Africa can rival thOsa of France in the culuya-
ton Of he vine. With Improved implements aud ma
chinery, and the employment Of horses, mules and oxen,
the uulntity Of cotton Droluced to the hand or isblrer.has
been more than douhIed within the last twenty-five years.
The quality hes been improved by the selection OF seed
and the Improvement Of the soil by tertui-e.s and scieD-
life cultur. Some idea may be formed Of the energy
With which southern agriculture is prosecuted from tie
number IT animals employed The census 0t $50 gives
the auInber Of horses, mules and oxen in The southern
States a. tnat time, To h2yr been d.3ih.s@4, while IN ali
the Northern States there were but 9. I72r593. The guan-
uty Of food provided by southern planters, as compared
10 the supply for northern laborors, IL shown in the sane
census. SSinc are the greatest article Of animal food ia
both sections. There were 3lJUoS04 in the Southern
States, and but l03ii,265 in the Northern states. Such
has been the Improvement in the cotton culture since
1852 the date Of the compilation Of the returns under the
census Of IL o. the number Of acres which each laborer
can cultivate, and the produce per acre, has BEEN largely
increased, and the quality OF the staple or hb"r very
much improved TIE cotton which was produced thirty
wears ago WOutd not ROW be marketable. Under the Inn
proved system, q laborer will cultivate twenty acres
Of cotton with a. much ease as be formerly cultivated
en- Immense tracts OF country that, ten years ago,
were not consbdeTed suitably fertile for the profitable
production Of cotton, are being cultivated with perfect
success The area Of land now regarded a. valuable for
cotton is more than i've times larger than that stated in
the census returns Of lS5l
Cotton cannot be successfully produced further South
than whore there Is Sufficient frost TO destroy the insects,
which are So-desJructve 70 the plant in the tropics, and
which, many years ago, caused its cultivation in the
West indies TO be almost discontinued The northern
limit TO which the culture may be carried Is near the
thirtyf0urth degree of north latitude. That, however
sePends On the elevation Of the sdriace above the level
Of the ses-'he mountain rauGu being TOO cold Inc
southern Limit Of safe aud profitable culture IL from the
/ tweutyniuth 10 the tEirtieth degree Of north latitude.
These limits give a belt Of about five degrees Of latitude
in width, extending from the Atlantic coast to the com
mcncenent Of the elevated plains east Of the Rocky
mountains. Cotton cannot be successfully cultivated in
any region where there is q vet aud dry season. The
extremes OF rain and drought a G equally fatal to the pro
duction of the staple OF fiber. Tropical rains cause the
plant 70 grow too large. and either extrems wet or dry
weather Will cause the blossoms and young boHs 70 drop
on. Therefore, climate is one Of the inst Considerations
in the selection Of a region suitable for the cultivation Of
the cotton p ant That OF the cotton States r peculiarly
J suitable Tor faat puuPos. TLu prEgAiiins winds in
spring and summer, charged with moisture, f0w inland
from The Atlantic, and are met by cold currents Of air
from the Allegheny and Rocky mountains, which are
a attracted BY the radiation Of heat on the pairs The
! contact causes frequent showers of rain TO fall through
out the spring, summer and autumn, in sufficient guam
try to preserve a healthy growth and early maturity Of
the plant, without endangering its product Of cotton.
/ There IL sufficient FROST in " inter- 10 destroy the insects,
which are 30 fatal in the tropics. There is no part Of the
earth's surface ~ favorably formed and sitnated for the
production Of cotton.
The states forming the Southern Confederacya are the
gnestest cotton and tobacco producing regions in the
world. They also produce rice, timber, naval stores the
cereal grains, and edible roots, IN great variety and mex,
haustble quantity. Their exports may be augmented to
any amount, 70 meet the wants Of the manufacturing
and commercial world Their consumption Of manu-.
factured merchandise is probably three times as great as
any other agricultural people, Of equal number. and viii
be augmented as their exports increase.
This vast commerce, which has hitherto been con-
troled by the Northern States through the instrumentali1y
/ Of the protective system, and the fiscal operations Of the
I Federal government, is now offered to the manufacturing
and commercial nations Of Europe VIII they accept
il, or viii they permit Mr.. LiacOln's b~lockading squad
rons 10 forbid the intercourse
The Washington government declares its intention to
be only the enforcement Of the revenue laws; that is
the collection Of customs duties. This declaration car
Tias on is face the stamp Of falsehOOd. Mr. Lincoln and
his advisers cannot be 50 ignorant ss not 10 know that Il
IS impossible 10 collect the revenue at sea, simply be-
cause here viii not be any one who viii come there to
Every vessel that is stopped and detained at sea by a
blockadinc squadron forfeits her policy Of insurance
! Her voyage ia br0aen up, aud shs a captured under the
rretext that her captain or supercargo must paw duties
under the northern tariff when they have no money or
authority 30 do 50 nor would it be possible to ascertain
the description and quantity Of the goods comprising the
cargo without opening every package, nor even then
without the inVores The limited space OF q ships
decS j. TOO small for any sucd process, and, besides, the
blockade is established under the pretext Of enforcing
the law. That is absurd, because the law requires that
every cargo shall be landed within a certain number Of
I DAYS after the arrival Of the ship. Therefore, the blOc,-
AIDE If not only a violation Of the laws Of natiens and
the rights Of neutrsls, but every ship that is stopped and
o~yerhauled for the purpose Of collecting duties on the
cargo is just "a much q capture as she would be were she
stopped in the midile-o Of the Atlantic by a pirate, aud re-
guired 70 pay q ransom
It has been shown that the political difficulties between
the Northern and Southern States originated in the
claim for protection in the North and resistance TO il in
the Soufh and although its advocates have enlisted in
their cause every faction, and allied themselves 70 sbuli
riou 5anadrism, and trampied the Constitution under foot
% meet the demands Of their allies, their aim has CON
>randy been, at any aud every hazard, 10 establish their
/ policy. for All tims, ca the legislation of the country. In
his they have failed as far as the South il concerned, but
hey have seized the frs, moment Of their power TO ia II
On the North. The Confederate States have been
/ equally prompt in adopting the principles so long ad-
yOcated By them, and have provided in their Constiru-
zion that protection shall not be given or extended to any
particular class Of industry. This important provision
viii gecura uniformity and stability in all legislation reg
ulating their commercial intercourse with foreign na.
tOns.
The movement Of northern and European merahan-
dfse south from New York and other northern cities hay
ing been cut Oh, tine Confederate States mast hereafter
ook 70 Europe for supplies and If the growing crops OF
cotton. tobacco, and other ~produets, are TO he exchanged
for Europe-n goods, It of the utmost importance that
al unchecked and unrestrained intercourse should beiua-
mediaiely established between southern ports and those
Of Europe. The summer, autumn and winter supplies
are wanted before the crops come IN, and If they can be
cent forgl ard IN time to meet the wants OF the country,
he export Of specie 70 pay for them next winter may be
avoided Il viii readily De perceived that the con-unp-
lion q tie country must 90 on gradually, and that time
= Is required to distribute suppies . g whole people inhsb-
itipg "a country or snch ysst extent.
Tie attempts being made by Mr.. Ljncolu's admins
trst'on 10 show thai the Confederate States are not strong
= enough 20 resist the power of the Northern States. The
commercial resources Of the former have been stated I'm
this communication. The census Of 1860 shows that the
i Confederate States, including Kentucky and leaving ont
Missouri, Maryland and Delaware contain l 254.OG5 men