St. Mary's beacon., 1862-01-16

II MORNING. JANUARY
.u.luru61Vifu6liI =, -
gissa IL sosatrJ a. apparent pras-
parity \ afissjling 10 Il ksssde:s Of emf
sse1 shsssd. Who. vish their mooney.
sesos & gary asd thsir policy. ispsrted
q - p progrsa n wealtk and
| - which astonished the world.
r. - - psople With natioaal VAIN
t. - evs1lssa m slss, S6ia -.
aibs esseyekaAg - sae peculiar issm d
| &ovcrnnest spd 10 Ysnkec entssprises.
These smigrsnts.. with their votes, have
often turned elections. Before they had
come 70 uadsrstasj our institutions, their
vsies has hsd controlling influences With
the 0ovesnmeat. The public lands have
easssd the Gall of the Republic while yet
in the viger ef youth. By means Of The
policy which. within the last thirty years,
has been pursued with regard 70 them.
Up 70 that time. the practice was to or
lgasise them slowly into territories, to ad.
nit them sparingly into market, and 90
ee regulate the settling Of them up As to
prepare Tor their reception into the Uniou
IN psirs-oss Ssass With slavery aud one
6tste without slsvery, always together.
This was done until the number Of States
had besu increased from thirteen to thir.
y. and the Union consisted Of fifteen
States with and kftcsu States without
slavery.
The reason for this practice is Obvious.
Il IL found 10 this consideration la the
Senate. every State W. entitled to two
votes. and no more. though the free
States. BY virtue Of this land policy. and
consequent more rapid increase Of their
pepslatiou. had acquired the ascendeuey
in the Lower House; yet, 20 long as they
were equal 10 the Senate. It was impossii-
ble for enc section to combine for un.
friendly legislation against the other, for
oil laws required for their passage con-
current m.jorisies in each House. The
House might be unsnimsu.ly in favor Of
. measure. yet it fails to become q. law if
there be In the Senate even . majority Of
1asainss l It.
Gsasral washisgton. in hi. virtue and
.isdon. had warned the people .s.ins.
the dangers Of dividing the country geo.
grapeically into sections. They might
'ssekted asssmge1 themselves into parties;
eat these we're irrespective If parallels Of
latitude. isoshermsl lines or the ''peeuliar
institution" A divi,ion Of parties by
1na~rsnke>~I l:,,~. :e:~ .,..,ra - -
would. the hshers Of the Republic saw,
be mast liable to take place on the Slave
~ Question. Hence. for two generations
the policy was rcligiously adopted, aud
rigidly pursued. Of equalizing the num-
Der Vt Free and Slave St.tes, and pre-
serving that equality in one branch Of the
Legislssure. The Law also forbad at least
the immigration Of sl.reaolders, with their
slaves. fre@ BraEil. South America. Cuba.
Jsssaeia and elsewhere; but il encouraged
the immigration Of free white persons from
al passs Of the world. = ..-t
Usder thess laws. the Free States in
creased in population more rapidly shan
the Slave States for the emigrants gene
rally. being snti-sl.vcry in their opinions.
pvefsrred 70 settle in the Free States.-
ThereIas. the growth Of thess IN populs-
sion vas greatly assisted by the tide Of
new-coassss from Europe. while that Of
The Slave Ststss was left to its own ustu-
ral increase. Yet. nevertheless, Coueress,
until . quartsr Of . century back. was
SLOW to 7srssnise usw territories on the IN.
ti-slsvsry side Of $50 3O'. or to open up
the lands In these far settlement; and in
orarr to preserve this equality of numb.r.
bstvsen the States-Pre and anti-slavery
the public lands we're brought 10 SPAR
ingly into market that the rso~ipts there.
from we're not more than sufficient to p.y
the expenses thereof. Such WAS the ,..c
ssail about thirty years sgo. About chat
time. and in m evil hour. this wise policy
Vas shsudoned. and the people we're
tempted Seby the Govsrnnscnt out into
z sss of spseulatioa upon the public lasds
sneh asthe world never saw. Usdcr il
NE Lass of natsfalixasien werp rel.xed.-j
Irelaad was drained Of her isersass. and
I'll Esrsps vas Initiated. persuaded aad
tempted ~ eelns and help u to subdue. |
eses4y cod sep,eaish the maguifeest viii |
desaese q Anleriea. In . single wear the
nales of The pablis lsnds. which had pever |
rssehed mere than s.. 600, 900, went M |
- -. .OOO. 900. Land scrip asd war
Isnas were dispenssd like wasis paper
Every nsa oho had ever served q much !
y two weeks In war had land for farm j.
gisea to him. Besides bounty lands TO |
ihs ss1aisss esd siilsrs Of every war, do
aaa;s.s # P.blis lasd.. by ,aillisss sf
.ssss IN the singlA grant. vsrs m.de to
he new Ststes. Of given 70 individaals
Ind cosposativns. 70 aid in the eOustrue-
ioa - railways and esu.ls and . varsity
Il sshes sstsspsisss. Companiss for tine
'ale Of these lands vers 6ormed On both
'ides of the Atlautic. Drumm~rs, 10 bss.
aP Pssehasess, went out into al parts II
sarSps. Listening to their represents-
iens. and yisDdiag to tempasiiss. tAruas
4 living ssslss such ~ has been r.rrly
'een, was pat IN ssation far TIA villa q
amssics- he extrsvag.aO Of the Mis-.
in;ppi ssbsne we're realized. #
SseS tide of essigr.nss soon swell
~ - ASr~,nl~Asns~ >R H. ,