, 1862-12-02

AAtHA-Sel
high cost Of SUI etintendcncH, il rzduced to
the minimum. T. ia to 1hese kinds Of culti-
wilton, together with sugar aud rice. that in
America elaye labor is practically confined.
DEMAND FOR NEW AND FERTILE SOILS.
But nlsind of cultivation suitable to It Ia not
tht only condition which the sIarc system re-
quifeh ID order to be economically prolltaale.
Of highly fertile land. This arists from the
Other .wo int1rnities Of siaye labor, It's m
eBilfu]ntss aud Its want OF Vers ati!l.y.
Slavery, as permanent Rystem, has need
not merely Of fertile soil. but Of prac,i:al-
II unlimited exten Of 1t. This arises from the
defect Of slave labor In point Of versatility.
IS has teen already remarked, the difficulty
OF teaching the slave anything Ii so grest-the
ret u1t OF the compulsory ig1erauce in which
nc is Aept, combined with want Of jA'ell! gent
interest in his work-that the orlv chance Of
rsLcering lis labor profitable Is, wh2n he has
cree learned a Lesson, to keep bin to that
lesson for life Accordingly, whe-e agticul-
tuIal operations are Carried On by slaves, the
business oi eacn gang is always restricted to
tue raising Of q single ptoduct- Wna-eTer
crop is best suit tt, tito character oE tie eoll
ann the latuie ct slave Industry, whether cat
1tr, tobacco, sugar Or rice, that crop is culti-
Vated, apd 1fnt eroI, only. Rots.ion OF crops
is Il us precludea hY the condition Vt til. ca e.
jhe eoli is toEked agGin and sgeia 10 yield the
tane product, ard The inevitable result tol-
Is Is completely exhausted, the planter xban,
dors the ground which he has rendered
WORTHLESS, and passes. On to seek in new soils
for that fertility under which aloue the agen-
ciea st bis dispt sal can be proitsb1y employed.
Accordingly, the ruin, and in many casea
the abandonment to nature, of what were
once tie uoss productive portions ol ths
elder s1ave StateS, are fec.s palp.ole to the
rye, admitted a1 loudly proclaimed by slave
lolcsrs. Ard hence That pressing demsud for
the.Fe1pet1.sl extension Of the area o: elaTsIy,
That nt Ter-efaEirg tendency westward, and
urceasing struggle for the opeLing of iresa
regions 10 SLAVE owners and their human pro-
petty. which has grown With the gro vtn OF
tie cotton cultivation aud strengthened with
It's strength; which produced the eeizure OF
TexaE, the WET with Mexico, the buecanecring
| Expeditions to CtDtral America, and The san.
eu!1ary contest for Kansas; which has beeu
tie one determining principle Of Southern
! politics for the last quarter OF q century; and
btcaure at last. though tardity, resls !ed BIZ the
North, has deci6td tile cottoa States 10 prsak
| up the Union.
| Eow TIE LARGE PLANTERS EAT CT THE SNAIL
ONES.
Such being the cabd4tiors of siare com.
n1unity like these OF THE Southern States, the
| 3utuUr proceeds to eho5 hov this ccoaomie
t System gives rIsl to j tGcia1 and political or.
gan 5za'ion tending in the highest dsgiee TO az-
glarate the evils which emann.e orisi1alIy
| HUH iIE CEu-IHi11 E5Rttua 1iSE!I.
It happens that capital Is il slave cnuntrie:
| particularly elarce commodity, owing parity
| 10 the exclusion from elch countries Gf ID any
| NODES OF creating it-naanpfactures ard coui
| Eacrce Tor e1xample-wlich age oyen to fr1e
communities; ard partly 10 what's al5oa c1a
sequence OF the lrs1itation, the unl!:ri:ftt Il
habits Of the upper classes. From this state
o' 1liEgs result t"o phencmen&: which may bf
| Isgarded as typical of Industry Carried u1 b
/ s1svts-the magnitude OF tl,u plansatiols a1G
! the Indebtedness OF tho planters. Wherever
t negro eiaTery has prevailed in 1aclern times
| tIes2 two 2hcsoheua will be found 20 exist,
sour Wealtnier planters says bfr. Clay, s'ar<
| buying out their poorer n. .i1hbcrs. extending
| tatic plantations, and adding 10 their slave
| fc1ce. The wealthy few, who arc able to Ii;t
| on sznaller F1olts, ana 10 give their BLASTED
deids some rest, are thus pa shing of the many
who are merely Independent" At tte SAINT
time these Tcal:hler planters aTe, it is vel
| knoWn, very generally in debt, tae torthco1n
in:: crops hting for the Gnost part u,orsgageG
tc Northern capitalists, who make the necdfu
advances, and #ho inns become the instfu
msn;s BY which considerable proportion Q
the slave labor Of the South is maintained
Tic ttEaelcy Of things, therefore, in si4y,
counirits. is TO Very unequal distribution y
wesIh. The large capitalists, having stead,
sGFa1tage over their smaller ecmpetitors, en-
| gross With the progress Of time a larger ane
larger proportion OF the aggregate wealth O
| LII AOAIu33 t4AA E1+AHetlt 1CIulEt luE EEUlTU
o. lte collective ladIsuy. Meantime anout
the ascendant class condition of general III
GcbtCdnc5s Prevails. >
| TIE roGls WHITE TRASH DESCRIBED,
S:5e by side with these great land and slay;
| pfri:1lctu1s nroN6 up 4 white pro3sta.-iat q
1h= wtlsI Elnd known in Southern ph:aseoio
gy as "ncau whites" Or white trash" TIL
vast 5i=t1icts {aceom;cgg, under til. deteriora
tug effects Of slave industry, CONSTANT.
| 14fE n33 TFEirf, EnrSnpf4ara,1 n NAT
relapse into wilderness, "Becorls u
t reeort cf numerous horS,te q
people, who, too roar to keep slaves. m
700 proud tn ress, prefer 4 vngyact and .,re
cassons life spent il, the otse5s., to eng1Eiu:
il ccul'a!ions which would a:snciatE tRn;
with tie s'srcs whom they dtsn}se. 1r sh
Southern sfa7s:=Eo less :L:E !: tis' Inn
p.sh esi'ss aF' .1w sad TO exist IN tbis u meu Nv
~, ir :cnditica altas removed from sayay
ii'", tEiaE out Ristched Subsistence b
hunting, hy fishing, BY hiriug themselves ou
lcf occas1ora; joCs, BY p:under. CombiGia!
:Ee TSflf55j:ess ard cnn;eInpt for regular il
| GnEfr: Peculiar to tue savage, with th.. vice
e tic 2'fohfdire of civilized communitie5
! these people o.aEe vi. class ct o1ce deeraJ
| I'd anc darge1eua; aEd constantly reiaforea,
as tbey arc hy all that il idle, worthless, au,
ia"isss aniong TIC Population q: the nciga
to'1EG S:&ie=, form IN 'neNElus.ib1e ores.r q
ol rufianlsn. 1eadF st h3nd tor ell the woss
I'nrptS e. OF Soutfera am bi:ion. TIE planter
| complain Of tlles. pee.'le for ttei: ideuess
| 5or ccrruptlu;; their slaves, for their lnitvisl
pIopensltles; cut they cannot dispense witt
1hs III ; for in truth tHey perform IN ind;span
Eable function in the economy of slsv
socletics, Of '7Aich the3 are al onee the vic
tins ard the principal suP:,orse-=. 1t
frcfn tE1ir Eauks that these fllihu5: criug cxpe
disio1s are recruited, which .avc been fcun.
so elective an list! !nme1t in extending tn
domain Of The sl=Te power; they furnish tn
| "Gorder Ru1iaEb' Ebo III the colonization
Struggle with Size Ncr,!era States conte1,
With ficeSulers On the territories, aud j. is +
1htir Rntipathy to the Eegroes Iaat the plant
ers security trust far rspressirg eu.sy at
t tempt at sersi!e irGurfs ctipn."-{pp. 75-76.
Such, tAcn, Is III, CO.'S i:u:iou ol society i
the slave states; it resolves Itself into Ire
c'asats-:he sla1es, On whom deys1yes I'll Ii
regular Industry; tie shareholders, who rea
aI1 lts fruits; aEd IN idle aud lawless Fabble
Eho live dislerfcd Over vast plains, in con
diion little removed from absolute narba}
lsm." or society thus cnmposed, the politics
st1ue.u1e is determined by a. ircxoYahlt Ia,
MoSoPoLlZED WEALTH AND COMPULSORY po}
ERTy,
When the gGo'c wealth OF couatry is nc
| ncpoliZed by q nth part uf its Population
Wills The rsu:Aindvr are BY physical or NOR
causes eo1signtd to compulsory povert5 au
i.DoIance; when the prisons composing til
privilt ged fifth part are ali engaged in pursuit
/
| the same moral ideas, and identified With tn
| naints nance OF the Same species Of property
political power will of necessity reside i
these In whom ccutre the elements of suc
power-wcalth, knowledge and intelligence
the small l0iro'ity Tor whose exclusive benefi
the system exits. The policy Of such q sc
cie'y must thus, in essence, bs an o1igarcnY
whatever be the particular mold in which il i
Cast. Nor is til, au. 4 society SC oggaa;zs
tsnds to dsye1op with peculiar intensity th
cla;i1ctive vices Of al oligarchy. In conu
Try ot free labor, whatever be the form q
government 10 which it i: subject, the pursui.
t,f industry arc various. Various Interests
therefore, take root, AID parties grow u
which, regarding national Questions from di
| Nrent puints OF view, become centres of o1
: Tesl'ior, whether ayairst the undue prcte1
. sicns OF one OF thtir number, or against thos
OF q s1rEle rnltr. Il is not SO III tie s;ay
STATES. That variety OF interests which spring
) from individual impulses OF a free popul ss;o
J does nos here Exist Tie elements Of !, pI
1Hita} opposition are wanting. There is bu
Che party, hut Gne set OF men Who are capabi
; OF scsiDg tegetht in political corcart. I'll
resi- is IN u2disciplined rabGle. From thi
| state Of things the only possible result is tha
which We ind dcspoiism, in4he 1sst degre
: ubscrupulous and impatient Of control, wiell
Cd By the wealthy few
= To sum up IN q lew words the general result
/ | Gf the foregoing discussion: TIE slave Do Ne
, that power which has loag held the helm {
i government in the Union-is, under the form
: OF = democracy, an uncontro11ed dcsnotisu
. Rie1Ged by compact oligarchy. Supporte
By the labor # four millions OF slaves It rule
E population @: FIVE millions Of whites "a ,,o1
: pla.ien ignorant, aVerse to systematic indu
tr5, ard prone to irregular adventure. 4 ST
TEN OF society mere ternlidao1e for evil, moi