The New York herald., 1862-10-12

Per Dbl. CHOICE lAnify grades were scarce, ana
held 2oc. higher Wheat was less active and buoyant,
and oosed At decline OF lc. &c per bushel Al the
concession fair amount OF sales made part
export Corn firm and in good request wish sales
Of good sound Western mixed at CSC 6ic. Pork
steady, aud the previous advance sustained though
closing with less animation Mess sold al $12 rs and
prime at Sii 3Ts sl1 so. Lard cn with sales at
9,ic. for fair and at loc 1o.e for good choice.
Sugars steady, and the advance noticed the
day sustained The sales embraced about 600
hLds and 225 boxes Coffee lrmer, with n sale 0.
the Henriet.a's cargo Of $500 bags to the trade at
BIC per lb, understood to have been bought Ter large
house in Front street.
italian. Unity and the Emperor OF the
French.
We publish to-day highly interesting and
important correspondence Of Napoleon, Thou-
venel, his Minister for Foreign Affairs, and his
Ambassador TO Rome, tie Marquis de Lavaletts
Tie subject is the Roman question which like
the Gordisn knot, never can be solved but by
the sword. IL is plain that the Pope does not
intend to yield an inch. aud never will yield
but upon the application Of physical, force. 1t
is equally plain that Napoleon does not wish
him to yield. nor desire the question to be set
lied. but kept open, that il may be continual
running sore to weaken Italy and prevent that
unity and consolidation of power which would
render her dangerous rival TO France. lie
will no: solve it himself as he easily could, nor
will he permit the Italian people to solve it, as
they soon would. His object is 10 keep Italy
like house divided against itself.
Napoleons position is entirely illogical; but
he regards the Importance Of maintaining it as
paramount 10 the maintenance of consistency
He proposes to reconcile things that are incom-
patibie-to give liberty to the subjects Of the
pope and at the same time to preserve
the temporal sovereignty and Independence
of t'ie Pontif, and to guarantee to him
the territory he now actually holds if he w:ll
relinguish all claim upon that which be has lost
The Popes sovereignty is as absolute ~ tha;
Of Napoleon himself How, then, can the sub
lects 81 his Holiness be FREQ? And why does
Napoleon desire tor the Popcs subjects free
dom which he will not give his own. All that
Napoleon could leeitimately do for the subjects
OF the Pope is to let them choose their own ,les-
tiny. and to decide without constraint whether
they will have the Pope or Victor Emanuel TO
reign over them. Napoleon is Emperor by the
vote of TIE French people. To be consistent
with his own anieceden,s ard the traditions Of
the Napoleon dynasty, he ought to let the sub
tjccts of the Pope determine who is to be their
sovereign in future. If he would only with
draw HE troops from Italy. where be continues
10 keep them, contrary to the law Of nations,
the Roman question would very speedily settle
itself But he will do no such thing 10 settle
it. or allow il TO be settled, might be dangerous
TO his supremacy in Western Europe. lie de-
sires 20 hold in check the young kingdom
whose hereditary warlike character aud the
recent Development OF its martial spirit, toge-
thcr with the ardent desire for unity from the
Alps to the Adriatic, have caused him great
alarm. lie sees in Italy united a rival with
France for the mastery in Europe.
All that ia needed il the settlement Of the
Roman question and the thorough conso-
lidaton Of the whole people to render
Italy, with its centre at Turin, what the re-
public and afterwards the empire were many
centuries ago, with the centre al Rome--the
most formi dable Power In Europe going forth
''conquering and to conquer" and to give laws
to surrounding nations. The population Of the
Italian kingdom is equal TO the white popula.
ton or the American republic, North and South
The race has lost none OF its wonderful energy
and vitality. From its central geographical
situation aud its peninsular position. indeed,
almost insular, considering that the Alps on the
west and north present as great barrier to in
yasion as the sea-and from its maritime capa-
bilties, including the two magnificent islands
of Sicily aud Sardinia, ii is calculated to rival
perhaps 10 excel, both France and Great Britain
as great military and commercial nation. In
deed, there was time when Venice, one Of
ltlly's smallest States, ruled the waves aad the
empire of commerce Venice does not yet be-
long to the kingdom Of Italy; il is still in pos
session Of Austria Napoleon having designedly
left tie conquest imperfect IN order 10 prevent
the completion Of Italian unity But he Knows
veil that, unless he interreres TO prevent IL
Rome and Venetia must ere long be added to
the dominions of Victor Emanuel All Europe
with the exception Of Austria and France, would
rejoice at this result. But Napoleon, with his
farsesing sagacity, Is determined to cripple the
growth and development Of young ITALY. Thus
the traditional rivalry and hostility of the Gauls
and the Romans will be revived. and q fierce