Richmond enquirer. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1815-1867, 1862-10-10

carry out INC grant !" ~ H.,
Again, " hen it comes to tfe freS''sl1 y. "
Confederate States it u-s IN" Enfos'
person except a NATURAL BORN '"'"t" " ~
citizen thereof AZ the time o. tAe saoPl'"i y
this CONSTITUTIONS cit zen 'heIeoi p"i" "
tips Urit.d States prios 10 me gym ~ 'I NV
Der. 1860. tn. language, "cili|en9 |" Va
Confederate States" Is used 10 'Sas ''ah 'h'e'
times. 1t is true, they are llr"t c't'"eps y
the res,,ectlye SL,.rs. 1ut they b'c"ihe GU
Ems of III, ontrirra;e States through tHe
States comrGct,ng together~-c"n'tdsTS'"s'"
geiher. r.,
There is smother argument have heVol
bp, ri ansrp-.d vet. This ConsuIution goes
an RI declare what shall be treason aRalns'
,bs ron f.irrstc .atrs. What is treason! 4
viol.,;on of ones Allegiance. 4 gentleman
-.,s no 70 rrgne or TO intimate that a mar can
Eat owe ALLEGIANCE 10 the Confederate States
ON account Of s1,ne legislation in North caro-
lima.
Mr.. OLpHAm.-Do you argue he can!
Mr.. Hul.-I say he Can owe allegiance to
The Confederate States ne far "A the ConStltu'
| ton binds him. lie cid not owe original a!.e-
glance, I grant
Mr.. 0LDH .M.-Cbedience.
MIR. HuIu-rrcason is defined by jurists
and by dictionaries as the violation OF one
sallcsiance"--t,!el is the word.
Mr.. O.ruAm.- will explain the purport Of
NV question. | hold that eve,y citizen Of Il
%,v,itiral cor.m nifty owes allegiance to the
sovereign power. In this country the people
are the sovereign power, and every citizen
yves allegiance q slc political community
that constitutes .isState. ir o"e+sshed'erEe
to the State .goye>hn,eHt which sl,as com
-nuniIy nny establish as its ageocv; ard
Whenever this sovereign directs hin, to caangr
that ubeGirLcc to any other source, he Is
bound to obey in c1nsrqunnceo OF his allegiance
to his sovereign. H:""r@ precisely the Same
allegiance to this sovereign as the people ol
Great Britain owe to the English CroGn.
Mr.. HILL.--l DO not bubble about words.
| do not care by what cIrcumlncution you
arrive at the origin of allegiance. 10 not
care how o citizen eyes allegiance, or BY
whose a!legiauce, or by whose agency lie gets
tn Eve allegiance. All Say is that under
the Consultation every citizen Of tt:e Cortrie-
rate STATES ewes Ell-gianrr 70 The COhtct:c-
rste States. Icu may call it nhedlo,Icr.
Mr.. OLpH.M-I only desired the gentleman
not to cuniound lerils.
Mr.. IluL- De conFnuuds terms himself
liz gets up a word to dtl!ue authority and ELI
ploys the Npms to overtuln authority.
Nr. QLrnAM-Our Government overturned
authority.
MIR. lilLL-It did mol say the treason wa
define Il differ ut from the treason tlut haa
been settled for all time. One of the drhnr
lip,:s Is, that treason shall consist III levy lnH
war against the government. II adludlcateS
upon cases corning within the nte&niag OF Lhe
word. What Is meant bg the word? =
hresch of ones allegiance. the gentleman
SAYS il Is il breach Vi ones obe ;icncs. lien,
| suppos Sc Il violation OF tho Jaw may BE mad'
lreespn--for that is Jiouhedience. Dr$e1linn,
or a,iy other violation Of h penal Statutc may
y. made treaSon. YOU in"y call it allegiance
ar oLe.!icilce; I say citizens of this Govern
nerlt owr that wh,ch only citizens can owe
they on ale gauge; and if they viol"tn that
allegiance ihuy can be hung. You need not
g, and resG your s':bli a."d ~;leprivs to the
nan upon the galow"; YOU nsc'! not try 70
ccmtort hnm py saying it IL ali wrong IL
hang a Iuln Tor yiJiation OF his allrgienc-,
but ough: FIRST to G,cido hia oItdle::cr. |
fear he would be hai & b>ioTe you concluded
your iaphsUI:cs.
lDtfS ~ ltU EtCSSStIS u u
Of these theories to bnns about II cout1sct
between he Stats G~o:,inneats snd the Lon
federnls Government. Ny idea--l do not
know whether it is n national Ollie Or not
certainly it docs not depend upon a ctange
of words in the Constitution, upon rehEei
arguments and well SPIN THEORIES for l!s ju'-
tiacation, IN this: The Stats were origin ''Iy
suy.rei.,,. iudeprEd.i t SLal es-they are orig
iapl and sovereign yet - and as such they had
had a right to exercise absolute and Sovereign
p,rrr. They hxye by their o%n ~tre--'TIll
and ccisrnt delegated these sovereign pow
els To a cnu,non tiur~trninant-4nd they
made it a Government, not slmpiy an agency,
FOR tury coil II q Government III tbs coIupact,
md they have said 81 ~citiz"rs of the reSpec-
tive States shall bn citizens oi,hc CrG!~ierate
>ta.vs. They haye established laws rcqulf-
iry tles. Citizens l.. ,.pcy hat winch the
States have agree. thy .aail otey-the COLI
mon compact.
To the tx'ent Of the powers delegated, the
Confederate Goveronent exercises TIN soTe-
roign pow,r. | grant iiG.d no: nave orisi-
nal, I~lstlousl sovereignty-Irr 20 | care
whsthe. it haa or moi. It has the 20 ser I"
declare war, the puws: t. !nakr uoney, to
coiirct duties, and these powers aTe sovereign
powers; they are expressly delegated to the
Confederate Government. Violence done to
the Government, by a cltizco, is treason, be-
cause II ~ a violation oil tie cillIsu's a!leSi-
sare. / adm! that tho lnel. WIN wsre urlei-
naily cltiz;us Of the States and who ale yet
citizens Of the States, owe their first ailegi-
ancr TO the States, but Through TIE States they
owe alle.i ,nce 10 tho Confederate Govern
me,.r. Tie State, of course, under certain
G.; circumstances, has Il right 10 qualify that
al!csiance, aid | say when you dissolve
tho conpac. the citizen has q right to elect
If we, upon the part Of tie Government. will
exercise powers plainly Delegated to US, and
exercise none that arc not delegated, :sisre
mi!I narer be sny conflict between the States
and the Confederate GOVERNMENT. 1.-THE States
sui exercise their reserved poweIi properly,
ard the Confederate uovernmont e1eicrsr lis
delegated powers properly, there Will never
he any difficulty. | sag 10 g.ntlelnen here who
rlakr such Il clnllur in defence vi State sov-
erelgRty Cor which they say this war has been
wag:d, if they will rreur Ia history they will
find The great cauSe Of tic disruption WAS
me ,nLei ference. by States, with a com
pact into which they had Solennly entered.
" nan foumi cause Tor G!SSo'utinn In any
thing IN" Federal tioverrfiart did for all
declared they wanted 10 preserve Tho Union,
until Llnculn wae rlccocd. Not against the
Supreme CDurt--that tsihunaI was faithful to
the last. Nut agninst The Federal Congress,
for there you had a majority. Not against
Mr.. Blctanau-Nr excellence The man chose1:
hy tn" South. What +,s The difficulty, .Mr.
President! The Northern States, sir, passed
their personal Liberty Gs!s and n"u!litiei the
ac,s Of Congress-. TIE Stale Government
would not reuGer up 'ns:ti'es, declaring they
were not CRIMINALS BECAUSE they stole negroes,
which w"ic nnt PROPERTY AMI tas State
Judges topk Ii ap"r themselves, in their
Staso rrI.its, t. set aside the acts IF Congress
Tor carrying ont t'0r 10; i've Siare law. These
were tbs enorimli.s thai drove the. South TO
hsc condition Of tuIrTluiHci secession. |