Vermont watchman and State journal. [volume] (Montpelier, Vt.) 1836-1883, 1862-06-27

er fields may Oman, but this is closing starvation.
though distant Ia s,i visible in the skeleton the end
Of the road land that will not produce wheat
may be devoted to other crop but the product is
likely 70 be less valuable II may sustain cattle but
men. Grazing, properly conducted, may fonovato the
sui, but that husbandry, while II requires fewer
beSs in It's conduct, also supports fewer numbers Its
profits may be gratifying To the few but they banish
mcnt TO the many In China few animals raised for
slaughter because all the land is needed IN supply food
Tor man In ireland their live stock has recently in
creased, but Irshmen have sadly dwindled. Drive out
men and you give for bfutcs but the change not
pleasant to contemplate.
II be remembered that even the old States have
vast amount more of lands improved nov, snd great
er population, than they had ten years Aeo and from
these causes alone should have made large increase on
crops But IL would appear that these new lands and
larger forces arc becoming necessary countcrbalance
The deterioration u the older fields 1t Is striking
that the increased production derived from lands,
either 10 the new States lands freshly cultivated in
the old States Tho long cultivated lands appear tn he
declining at the very time when they should be advauo-
ing To higher and more remunorative fertility. Our
grain growing region is rapidly rctroatng wcst~ardy
The States that now furnish any extent hey ond
thcit own consumption are few IN number aud destined
That there is gratifying advance Of agricultural
wealth within the past ten years in many respects true
but with magnificent opportunity. aud with
on the future, certainly is not wholly satisfactory We
are in the 81 Europe and that will never be salts
factory. The English have what they call eNhausting,
restoring and cleaning crops. But seem o have got
so far only as 20 adopt the cXhausting crops Ihre
capital finds The most solid security invested To- land and
iA Improvement h0e such enterprises spoil "a man
on me erchangc. The true system OF farming would
seem to be to make the land fertile than IL h n It's
natural state and succeeding better than the
last BY mode the earliest crops seldom subsc
quently cqualed, and the last apt be- the
The proportion nj population Of the United States en-
gagged in agriculture in 1910 was II pet cent but in
1850 il had fallen to 4i69 per cent In lsG0 the Yer
centage is doubtless still less, find the increase n
population much The largest in and cities, and 10
some rural stfics the population has positively dimn
shcd Taking the cities and towns with five thou
sand inhabitants, the increase has been 60 43 per
aud a the rest OF the country only 81 90 per cents
The former nearly double Of the latter n all the viii
lagos towns aud cities should be included the fact would
De shown ~ q much stronger light This tendency To
desert the rural districts and 20 shun manual labor
only be checked by making the country attractive
and more rcmuncritive The architectural monuments
VI opucncc have in the and cities the cx-
peuse Of the more solid and peryadng evidences Of
tons prosperity. which are 10 be mainly found I'm the
uuoscntatous Improvements " the buildings aud cult
waited fields " the rural population.
] will not attempt TO enumcratc what has been done
agricultural education Il would occupy too much space
u Is enough 20 know that they all seem eager TO place
their people ahead IN the great for the mastery
Oar nation has been the hrst TO test the value Of ion
clad ships, but we lag immeasurahly behind n impfuy-
ing the resources necessary support such ships The
Efforts Of our foreign rivals the most liberal and
persistent scale aud have thus far been Ia the main
ccssl and this is proven by their continued annual sp
propnaiions for this object Among these Governments
that Of Louis Napoleon usual, occupies prominent
position. Many crops IN France, within few years,
have been doubled some have been qunuplrd live
stock has been doubled In number and value aud while
the pIohs " farmers and the wages Of abofcrs have at
so been doubled taxes land have been actually d.
mnished. The second Empire may not claim credit tor
the whole Of these improvements but the services II the
present Emperor have been great accordrg 20 late
wrer, "tha one Of the charges brought against him by
his uncnmprouiisng opponents is, that these benefits
have caused the nation forget that loss Of eedum
| by which they have been purchased
Coyetng, we do American freedom LEI, us show
that it is held with the smallest dninuton uf other
blessings, material educational, dearly purchased
under other forms Of government.
ireland with soil uf much natural fertility and
climate Of fr greater saubny than Euglaud or Scot
land has been otener threatened with the pes Of fam
ine than any other civilized country Of .hc world An
ms trace able 20 bad farming through system pos
sby forced upon the people by political aud social con-
nection with England ihry have raised grain crops
abundance ana some cattle but too poor to consume
them al hom', these have been sent 10 England while
potatoes remained the chief fare for gaunt Irish aboros
Even the bones Of few cattle slaughtered at home
carefully gathered have been to England whore
science and capital had made the discovery Of their az
riculiural value.
After the failure Of the potato crop in 1917. in the brief
period of about eight years cholera and emigration reduc
ed the population u Ireland from eight millions six mill
lions, fully fourth, and those who remained where
either too feeble to arrest the downward tendency Of their
soil TO scriity, they preparing 10 cmeratc and
therefore scourgcdhe reluctant soil to bring o
vest more ana then farewell England could have boHc
the exodus Of the Irish but the vanishing less
tolerahle The Fshmongers Society aud others owned
estates there, and these be rescued England de
praise for the hearty manner with which she IN
dertook the task Of improving Irish fafmCrs and it is
be noted that no capital was used more effectively than
that ~hi,h has been aud is being expended for csab
shmen aud support agricultural schools aud colleges
Already the face Of the country nober aspert
labor is better paid and fed sad now beginning
- recognize Ireland in fact a. EmeyaM Isle or the
first grass country Of the world.
Whether our own country is following the cast-oh
system Of Ireland or not grave question. II
port to England the virgin products Of our soi--aud
those he most eAhausng crops cultivated, the cereals
tobacco, and o-cakc--t is process which makes Enc
land garden at the expense Of American farms and
NAV well furhode the day when 1t will be no lonper
possible furnish cheap food our multiplying aud de-
pendent millions and certainly not possible respond
10 the foreign demand Of either commerce or famine II
Df tFt thtI tls man tlla lla ,v
hay to sell because there is no return o manure, the
same result Is equally apparent from the export of other
crops upon The consumption Of which th farm the
reproductive enciWcs OF the soul depend for supplies
should nu cllutt be made to arrest the deterioration
and spplaton ot the soil In America while all Europe is
wisely striving TO teach her agtcuursts the best means
Of boarding. up capital in the lands that side Of the
Atlantic % IS easy 10 see that we doom ed to be dwarf
ca IA national importance AVID nnimauy years can pass
away before our ships will Dee laden with grain on
their outward but homewaid voyage Then with cheap
bread longer peculiar tn America our free
may be thought too dear by those Of whom even crrcs
are not worhythc men with hearts, hands aud brains
-yainy looking 20 our shores for life, Liberty, and the
There is and he mode by which the resources Of
country can be- so fully developed by educating the
vast numb r. who are To devote their lives to Agricultural
Iempoyments as tillers or owners Of the soil BY this
m ans each is trained to bring action the whole
mental and physical force The immense loss of power
through ignorance saved. The factory girls in Amer
lea receive two or three times The pay that The class
obtain in other lands bu, this % all the generous
gift OF the employers for they secure the better ou
Gated American girl superior and valuable labor
Intelligent labors found o be hardly dear any price.
THIS Is cminenily true IN agriculture dull, uncultutcd
man though ply sicay giant does little work for which
butte power might not often be cay substituted lie
may move mountains, but the inevitable mouse only an
pears The skilled and throughy trained farmer sure
TO harvest larger crops aud with less labor Than his uu
skilled and unframed ncighhor Science working unoh
uusVey, produces larger annual and constantly
Increases fixed capital while ignorant routine produces
exactly the reverse.
The mere dispersion Of population over wider terri
tory improves neither the soil cultvators u the
soil but both for the time made rather the worse
by experiments and theories which conditions ever
I impose
There are evsin an extremely dense population, but
except N cities our couuty yet has ioached
point The rural population is nowhere crowded The
new Territories sparsey settled naturally desire acces
sions Their unoecupied spaces furnish of the
means TO supporta state II they suddenly make drafts
upon the old states 70 m their spaces the aggre
gate wealth aud power Of the country Weakened for
not 80 much is contribute 10 the has been sub
trtctcd from the old The dispersion tends To destroy
not markets merely, but that skill dense population by
division Of labor always assemblies. Whatever adyan-
ages were held under the old condition Of things have
been abandoned while whatever advantages may eut
from The new order Of things yet distant and mpcr
oeptihlo.
IL is the destiny Of many young men Of the East TO
hnd homes in the West. They only be retained on
the Atlantic slope long enough receive their educa-
nn, And that Will not epTess their enterprise for travel
Foreign emigration and eastern combined, will bring
gray hairs into the western pIares full soon in the life
OF nation. In every nook Of the world where any