Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1862-01-06
Rules for Tree Planters.

The following rules are so self-eyident to
men OF experience, that they seem almost like
axloms; and yet they are continually broken
by neVicss in setting out orchard and fruit
gardens:
l. If the roots Of tree are frozen out of the
ground, and thawed again in contact with air
the tree is killed.
2. Ii the frozen roots are well buried filing
all cavities before thawing any at all, the tree
is uninjured.
3. Manure should never be placed in contact
with the roots Of tree, in setting it out, but
old finely pulveriIed earthly compost answers
we'll.
4. Trees should always be set about as deem
as they stood before diggingup.
D. A small or moderate sized tree at the
time Of transplsnting will usually be a large
bearing tree, sooner than q larger tree set out
at the same time, and which is checked neces-
arily in growth by removal.
b. Constant, clean, and mellow cultivation
Is absolutely necessary at all times for the sue
sessful growth Of the peach tree, at any sge
1t is as necessary for young plum tree, but
not quite 90 much 30 for an old enc; it is nearly
az essential tor young apple tree, but much
less 30 for an old orchard, and still less neces-
sary for middle aged cherry tree.
z. To guard against mice in winter with per-
earth mound nearly q foot high, around the
stem Of each young orchard tree.
8. Warm valleys, with . rich sell, are mere
liable 70 cause destruction TO trees or their
crops By cold, than moderate hills of more sx-
posure, and with less fertile soil-the cold air
settling at the bottom Of valleys during the
sharpest frosts, and the rich soil making the
trees grow too late In autumn, without ripen-
ing aad hardening their wood .
s The reefs Of q tree extend nearly as far
O. each side as the hight Of the tree; and
hence to dig 1t up by cutting circle with
the spade half foot in diameter, cuts of more
than nine-tenths Of the roots; and to spade q
little circle about young tree not one quarter
rs Tar as the roots extend, and call il 'Iculti-
vstion," IL like Falstafs men claiming spurs
and shirt collar for q complete suit. -
10. Watering tree in dry weather affords
but temporary relief, and often does more
harm than good by crusting the surface Keep
ing the surface constantly mellow is much
more valuable and importsnt-or If this cannot
be done, mulch we'll Huatering is ever done
from necessity, remove the top earth, pour
IN the water, and then replace the sarth-the n
mulch, or keep the surface very mellow.
IL. Shrivelled trees may be made plump be-
fore planting, by covering tops and all with
earth for several days. n.
IL. Watering trees before they expand their
leaves, should not De done by pouring water
At the roots, but by keeping the bark Of the
stem and branches frequently or constantly
moist. Trees in leaf and in rapid growth,
may be wstered at the roots, if done properly.
l3. Young trees may be manured TO great
advantage by spreading manure over the roots
as far as they extend, or over q circle whose
radius is equal 70 the height Of the tree, in
autumn or early winter, and spading this
manure in, in spring.
IA. Never set young trees in grass field
or among wheat, or other seued grain. Clover
Is still worse, as the roots 90 deep, and rob
the tree roots. The whole surface should be
clean and mellow; or II any crops are suffered
they should be potatoes, carrots, turnips, or
other low hced orops.-CoKHtry GsHtismaa.