Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1862-12-01

the Cherekees has Hisitetl this city for the pur.
pose of restoring the former relations OF the
tllEe with the niied States. He alleges that
they were constrained, by superior force, to
enter into treaties with The ins uryents, and
that the United Stats NJ gle<tsd to furnish the
protection which thrill treaty st'pulations re-
CURED. =. -
In the month Of August last the Sioux IE-
Gians, in Minnesota, attacked the settlements
IN their vicinity with extreme ferocity, killing,
lndiscrlminatrly, men, wcmrG, ard chi,drra.
his attack was wholly expected, and, there
fore, no means Of defence had been provided.
II is estimated that not less than eight hundred
persons Were killed iy the Indians, and n large
amount OF property was destroyed. How this
outbreak was induced Is not definitely known,
an" suspicious, which may be unjust, need not to
De slated Information was received by the
Indian bureau. from different sources about
The time hosiilities were commenced, that a
simultaneous att ack was TO be made upon the
Wilt settlements by all the tribes between the
mississippi river and tho Rocky noutains
The State Of Minnesota has nfYefed great I'm.
jury from this, Indian war. A large portion of
her terri :ory has been deropulated, and q Sc
veit less has been sust ined by the destruction
of properly. The people of that State mani.
fest much anxiety for the removal Of the
tribes beyond the limits Of the State as guar
siener of Indian Affairs will furnish full de-
tails. / submit for your especial cansider,l.
tion whether our Indian system shall not be
rrmodeiied. Many wise and good men have
impressed me with the belief that this can he
profitably done. = =
subrnit a statement of the proceedings Of
commissioners, whicRshows the progress that
has been made in the enterprise of construct
ing The Pacific railroad. And this suggests the
ca' lie ST completion of this road, and also the
favorable action OF Congress upon the projects
row pending before them for enlarging the ca
raciIts OF the great canals in New York and
Illinois, as being Of vital and RAPIDLY increa-
sing Importance TO the whole nation and es-
petially to the vast interior region herein after
to be noticed at some greater length, / pur-
having lqi = hofor N
carly day some Interesting and valuable statis-
tical information upon this subject The mill
tary and commcrcial importance of enlarging
The Illinois and Michie an canal, and imDro.
wing the Illinois river, is presented in the re.
pert of Colcnel Webster to the Secretary of
War. and now transmitted to Congress. re-
sprcffnlly ask attention to it,
To carly out the provisions of the act of Goa
gIess OF the 18TH of May last, have caused the
department of Agriculture Of the United States
TO hc org anized.
the period of a few months this department has
established an extensive system of corresp pond
ence and exchanges, roth ut home and abroad,
which promise to effect highly beneficial re-
suits In the development OF a correct knoyi.
edge OF recent improvements in agric allure, in
The introduction of new products, and in the
Coiiectlon OF the agricultural statistics OF tho
several States.
Also that it will soon be prepared TO distrib.
ute largely seeds, cereals. plants and cuttings,
and has already published, and literally diff
"a
ton Of a more Elaborated report, which will in
due time be- furnished, embracing some valua.
bic tests in chemical science new in progress in
tn" laboratory.
The creation of this department was for the
more immediate benefit of a large class of our
NEST valuable citizens md l trust that tn \
liberal basis upon which it has been organized
" i'll not only meet your appreciation, but that
II viii realiZ, at no distant day, all the fond.st
anticiIaiions of its most sangulne friends, ard
h' come the fruitful source Of advantage to all
our people.
On tle twenty y-eecond day of September last
proclamation WAS issued by the Executive, a
copy OF which is herewith submitted.
In accOrdaE &c with the purpose expressed in
lie second paragraph OF that paper, 1 now re-
srsCtfully recall yonr attention 10 what NAV
be called compensated emancipation
A nation may he said TO consist Of its TERRITORY
its eople, and its laws. The territory is the
only part " hich is of certain durability .One
generation passeth away, and another genera
tion cometh, hut the earth abideth forever" 1t
is OF the first Importance to duly consider and
estimate, this ever.e enduring part. That porti On
OF the carth'S surface which is owned and in.
hahi!ed by the people OF the United States, is
well adapted TO he the home of one national
family; and il is not well adapted f,r two or
more. Its vast extent, and its variety of cll-
mate and productions, are of ad Vantage, in this
age, Tor one people, whatever they might have
been in former ages. Steam, tclegra phs and
Intelligence, have brought these, to ba an ad-
vantageous combination, for one united people
In the inaugural address l briefly pointed
ohi III LiliU'iuicS Oh ClSuHlbn, rem
edy for the differences of the people of the two
st ctions. I did so in language which 1 cannot
improve, and which, therefore, beg TO repeat:
"ohe section CT our country believes slavery
is right, and ought TO he extended, while th,
oih'r believes II is ur0nG, and ought not TO be
pNhnGed 1hls Is the only substantial dispute.
The fugitive slave clause Of the Constitution,
and the law for the suppression of the foreign
slave trade, are each well enforced, per
laps, as any law can ever be in a community
where The moral sense OF the people imper-
of the people abide ny the dry legal obligation
in both cases, and few break over in each.
Ihis, think. cannot be perfectly cured: and it
ton of the sections, than before. TIE foreign
slave rradr, now imperfectly suppressed. woul6
be ultimately revived without restriction in
one section; while fugitive slaves, now only
partially surrendered, would not be surren.
Gered at all by the other.
"Physically speaking, we cannot separate.
We cannot remove our respective sections from
each other, nor build an impossible wall be-
tween them, a husband and wife NAV be di-
vorced, and go out OF the presence and beyond
our country cannot do this. They cannot but
remain face TO face and intercourse, either ami.
cable or hostile must cantinue between them.
Is 1t possible, then, to make that intercourse
more advantageous, Or more satisfactory, after
separation than bgtoref Can aliens make trea
ties, easier than friends can make fawsl Can
treaties be more faithfully enforced between
alifus, than laws can among friends! Suppose
you go to war, you cannot fight ALWAYS: and
when, after much loss on both Sides and no
gain on either, you cease fighting, the identical
OLD Questions. as 10 terms of intercoursesare
again upon YOU" -
There is no line, frr;iight or crooked, suitable
for national boundary, upon w hich to di vide
Trace through, from east to west, upon the
line between the free and slave country and
we shall find little more than one third Of its
length are rivers, easy to be crossed, and popu-
lated, or soon'to be populated, thickly upon
hoth sides s; while nearly all its remaining
length, are merely surveyors lines, over which
cope nay walk back and forth without any
cons .iousness of their presence. No part of
thls ilne can be made any more difficult to pass,
10y wiring ~ down on paper, or parchment,
nalonai boundary. The fact of separation,
II II comes, gives MP, on the part of the Sc ce-
ding section, the fugitive slave clause along
with all other constitutional obligations upon
the section seeded from, while 1 should expect
no treaty stipulation would ever be made 10
tahe its place.
But tn, re is another difficulty The great in
terror r. rion, bounded east by the Alleghanies,
north by the British dominious, west by the
Rocky mountains and south by the line along
" hich the culture of corn and cotton meets.
ard which includes part of Virginia. part OF
Tennessee. all Of X. ntucky, Ohio, Indiana,
Michigan, Wisconsin, Illinois, Missouri, Kan.
sas, Iowa, Minnesota, and the Territories of
Daknota, Nebraska, and part of Colorado. al.