davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Democratic press. (Eaton, Preble County, Ohio) 1860-1865, 1862-12-25
The Turn of Life.

Between the years Of forty and
sixty, a man who has properly
regulated himself may be consid,
cred in the prime of life. Ills ma
tured strength of constitution rem
ders him almost impervious to the
attack Of disease, and experience
has given soundness to his iudg-
ment. His mind is resolute, firm,
and equal; all his functions are in
the highest oIder. He assumes
mastery over business, builds up q
competence on the foundation he
has formed in early manhood, and
passes through a period of life at
tended by many qualifications.
Having gone a year or two past
sixty, he arrives at standstill.-
But athwart this is viaduct, called
the "Tnrn of Life" which, II
crossed in safety, leads to the valley
Of sold Age" around which ths
river winds, and then beyond with
out a boat or causeway to effect it's
passage. The bridge is, however,
constructed of fragile materials,
and it depends upon how it Is trod:-
den, whether it bend or break
Gout and apoplexy are also in the
vicinity, to waylay the traveller, and
thrust him from the pass; but let
him gird up his loins and provide
himself with a filter staff, and he
may trudge in safety with per-
feet composure. Toquit metaphor:
the "Turn of Life" is q turn either
into a prolonged walk or into the
grave. The system and powers,
having reached their utmost ex-
pansoin, now begin to either close
in like flowers at sunset. or break
down at once. One injudicious
stimulent, single excitement, may
force it beyond its strength; whilst
a careful supply of props, and the
withdrawal of all that tends to
force a plant, will sustain it in
beauty and vigor until night has
set in.-We Science OIL
Life. .... .r .M....E
The Democratic press. (Eaton, Preble County, Ohio) 1860-1865, 1862-12-25
Shorten the Back Legs Of Your Okair.l

/ Ifsyou cut off the back legs Of
your chaits, SO that the back part
lof the seat shall be, two Inches
lower than the front part, It will
greatly relieve the fatigue of sit.
ting, and keep your spine in much
better shape. The principal fa-
tigue in sitting comes from your
sliding forward, and thus strain
ing the ligaments in the small of
the back. The expedient advised
will obviate this tendency and add
greatly to the comfort and health
fulness of the sitting POSTURE
The front edge of a chair should
not be moro than fifteen inches
high for the average man. The
average chair is now seventeen
inches high for all, which no
amount Of slanting in the seat can
make comfortable, GYM
n0Siunt. ..I ~.. .... ..... ....
The Democratic press. (Eaton, Preble County, Ohio) 1860-1865, 1862-12-25
TO THE READERS OF THE
"DEMOCRATlC PRESS"

6IRs,-You may not have been at
the trouble to look carefully into
the real condition in which we are
placed by the'present war, and its
consequences. You can get q much
better price for Whatever you may
have to sell this year than you
Fcouid for many years past, and you
are therefore in a much better con-
dition to pay for your paper. But
how is itwith US? Have you thought
on that question? We have fewer
subscribers now than we had last
year. We lost a considerable sum
of money by the Press last year.
We now pay nearly twice as much
for our food and clothing as we
did last year, and much higher for
paper and ink. How then with
smaller circulation, and o much
dearer paper to print Oh are we to
live and be honest? We cannot do
it. There will be Q meeting held
soon in q central town, of the pro-
prietors and conductors of country
weekly papers to fix q price at
which the various county papers
can be sold in future. A few addi-
tional cents paid yearly by each Of
our readers will not hurt them,
but will be much to US. If the Dem.
ocrats of Old Preble, with their po-
tatoes, wheat, corn, hay, pork, but
ter and wood at an advanced price
will stand by and let their county
paper suffer for want of a liberal
and generous support, let
them do so-w we cannot help it
Our Office books will show that we
have done our best to serve ourrea.
1ers for eighteen months atIa.great
.oss to ourselves. We, did thinks
hat after the unexpected: triumph
't the Democratic party at the late
elections, many Of them would
come forward unasked to subscribe
10 the Press. We shall! be compel.
ed to raise the price of. our paper
n the year 1863: Allswho will; paw
10 before that time will be charged
the old price, namely, $3.50!
The Democratic press. (Eaton, Preble County, Ohio) 1860-1865, 1862-12-25
A MODEL MILL.

The Commissary of Subsistence
at Washington, advertises for pro,
posals to furnish a mill for grind.
ing corn and wheat, which must
possess in their combination the
following remarkable proprieties
1st. Not to weigh over twenty
five pounds.
I'd. The grinding surfaces to be
of burr stone, grooved chilled iron
or steel, and the general construc
tion of the mill to be analogous Il
that of coffee-mill. .
Sd. Each mill to be capable O.
grinding 80 pounds of fine -four o.
meal per hour, and to be capabl,
of being worked by one man.
4th. Each mill to be constructed
if necessary, that it can be sepaI
rated into two parts of equal
weight, SO as to be carried by two
men, should the length of the
march, lack of transportation, IA
tigue of the men, or other cause,
render its carriage too laborious
for one man. . ...
5th. Each mill to be capable of
being attached to wagon tongue,
branch of tree, or stack of mus.
ketS. Inventors will submit plans,
specifications, or models of their
mills, or sample of the mill itself,
In the presence of a board of off,
GERS. They will be required to
preseut indisputable evidence of
their mills combining the essential
above enumerated by
causing the mill to be worked in
the presence of the said Board.
If mill be presented containing
all of the above conditions, and
ts costs be sufficiently reasonable
n the opinion of the Department
20 warrant its purchase, a large
will very probably Be
bought for the use of the army.
The Democratic press. (Eaton, Preble County, Ohio) 1860-1865, 1862-12-25
Battle Of fredericksburg.
Saturdays Fight.

s... "4" ";+"s New YoEE, Dec. lS.
The correspondence of the Tribuns thus
describes the carnage of Satnfdry: .l
Itis not using too strong an expression,
to SAY that in this battle We were bntohsved.
TIE loss Of the, enemy in comparison to
our own must be insignificant More than
half the division Of Gen French we're placed
Asrs dg eogbat before they hAd fred shot
Having orders 70 Withhold their Gre, charge
hayonets, end rush upon the intrSnchmehts,
they anticipated no obstacle until they
should neetin a hardto hand, fight, for the
crest Of 'the first range Or hills but, how
The Democratic press. (Eaton, Preble County, Ohio) 1860-1865, 1862-12-25

AT the present moment,if o lady
is invited to stay at Compelgne as
the Empress Eugenie's guest for.
a week, she must take with her no,
less than twenty-eight different
toilets, for the fair guests are cx-
pectsd to dress four times q day,
and it isn't at all the thing to ap-
pear twice in the same costume.
The Democratic press. (Eaton, Preble County, Ohio) 1860-1865, 1862-12-25

LoNGEvITY.-There is nothing in
the system of nature which, in our
present state of knowledge, ap.
pears so unintelligible as the scale
of longevity. Itmust be admitted,
indeed, that our knowledge upon
the subject is very imperfect; for
all that is known of domesticated
animals, and the accidental facts
that have been preserved concern
ing others, tend to the strange re-.
suit that longevity bears no rela f.
ton either to strength, size, com.
plexity Of organization, or intel
lectual power. True it is that
birds, which seem to rank higher
than beasts in the scale of being,
are also much longer lived. Thirty
is a great age for horse dogs
usually live emily from fourteen to
twenty but it is known that the
goose and hawk exceed a century.
But fish, evidently a lower rank in
creation than either, are longer
lived than birds; it has been said
of some species, and of certain
snakes also, that they grow as long
az they live, and, as far as we know,
live till some accident puts an end
to their indefinite term Of life
and the toad! 1t cannot indeed
be said that the toad lives forever /;
but many of these animals which
were cased up at the general del
uge, are likely to live till they are
released by an accident in the
course Of centuries. ia ~ IA.--
The Democratic press. (Eaton, Preble County, Ohio) 1860-1865, 1862-12-25

@ George Brown, the editor Of
the Toronto Globe, has recently
led to the hymenial altar the daugh.
ter ofMr. Nelson, the famous Edin-
,bargh publisher. This young lady
is said to bring her husband Q
dowry Of $12O,Ooo-s nice little
plum, i .a." = .s.,.
The Democratic press. (Eaton, Preble County, Ohio) 1860-1865, 1862-12-25

WoULD'NT PRAY FOR LINCOLN. "A
New York paper states that the
Rev. rDrs. Leacock and Goodrich,
and Rev. Mr.. Fulton, three Epis-
copal ,clergymen, of the city of New
Orleans, arrived in New York q
few days since in the Cahawa as
State prisoners, on the way to Fort
Lafayette. by order of Gen. Butler.
They refused to pray for Mr.. Lin
coin. Served them right. Every
body should pray for Mr.. Lincon.
He surely needs the prayers of all
the deyout people of the county
Iowa, Bugle, r,..g. adj ...,.y
The Democratic press. (Eaton, Preble County, Ohio) 1860-1865, 1862-12-25
StIettes Yaetrg.
EVENING HYMN TO MARY.
by LIVE DARLING,

...a III, BY LIVE DARLING, y
sss sas..itslss---l---is, ~
AiR-Hymn 10 ST. Joseph.
Star Of Heavenl Gem of beauty!
Set in Glery's crown Of light, il.
Mother ofthe sad and weary,
Hear the prayer / bring Tonight
Pain and evils, lone heart achings,
Sorrows that I've borne, and bear;
These have made me weak--but aid nc,
,5 Christ will listen to thy prayer.
Star Of Glory! pearl in pursnessl
iv MoFtals bow and honor theel
Thou, the nearest to our Saviour,
Raise one single plea for me. . ,..
Ism wssk--pray He may strengthen.
Pray that He his Grace may send;
Mother! Mother! wilt thou bring me
To the sinners dying Friend?
Holy Virgin Queen Of Heaven ...
BrighteStin the crown of God!
Pray that | may bear unmurmuring,
Meekly Lowing meath the rod.
lam weak, but he is mighty, n-.. .-
l an low, but He is high;
He can pardon, He can save me-
Mother. hear sinners cryl .
Mother Ma,yi Night is shrouding
All the earth in darkness deep;
Guard and shield me from all dangers,
Guard me, Mother, while sleep!
Let the night Of Sin and Sorrow
Now be pierced by Hopes bright ray;
Mother, intsrcede with Jesusl
Mother, hear me while prayl
WrssrER, Mass, December, 1882.
The Democratic press. (Eaton, Preble County, Ohio) 1860-1865, 1862-12-25

An intelligent. "trapper" from
one ofthe western counties of Min
nesota, states that a ''secret soci.
ETY." has been organized, having its
ramifcations all through the west.
ern half of the State, whose q,
vowed object is to hang or shoot ev.
cry Indian suspected Of having any
hand in the recent MURDERS
Should thosc,Indians who have been
convicted be suffered to 60 unhuni
by the government then this com.
bination is to mete out punishment
whenever it can be done.
The Democratic press. (Eaton, Preble County, Ohio) 1860-1865, 1862-12-25

~ Mr.. Benjamin Jones, q FARM
er of Nannesch, Wales, lost his
watch about two years ago, and,
to bis surprise, he found it a few.
days ago embedded in the cleft Of
the foot of one of his COWS. The
farmer himself vouches for the
truth of the story.
The Democratic press. (Eaton, Preble County, Ohio) 1860-1865, 1862-12-25
AZ ELrcrR,o PrANo.-The Paris

An ELEcrRic PIAKo.-The Paris
correspondent Of the @Iournal dn
Havre' says IAN experiment of
au electric piano has been tried at
the palace of Compeigne, The in.
ventor, who is q native of Treves,
gives to the instrument great pow
er, and the air played was repeated
on another Piano placed OF the
other extremity of the palace. He
pretends that while playing . tune
in Paris, he can have it repeated
instantaneously at st. Petersburg.
The Democratic press. (Eaton, Preble County, Ohio) 1860-1865, 1862-12-25

pa. When the price Of . thing ID
inquired nowadays, the phrase ID,
whats the postage on thakf'
The Democratic press. (Eaton, Preble County, Ohio) 1860-1865, 1862-12-25

Subscribe for the Press.
New-York daily tribune. [volume] (New-York [N.Y.]) 1842-1866, 1862-09-11
THE IDIOT OF TARBES,

Prodrced under the direction Of z. +. TAYLOR
This piece has beeu received with great eathsIan and 10
pronounced
THE MOST EXCITING AND ATTRACTIVE DRAMA
eve presented TO the pitrous OF the Mu.eum
M W. Il. HARRISON Comic and lmpscmpu Singer
the only lnproviss'Ore In the county 49,
lew months nce the Manager dispatched en- expedition
10 the tropical after their -
BRILLIANTLY COLO3ED Fish,
It's success connete returning with large assortment OF
ou VItiNG THE HIrEs OF THE RAINBOW.
OUINlFfNG ritz HUtS or THE RAINBOW,
OUIN icing THE bUES Or TIE RAINBOW,
consisting n Part Of ne iollc"ing; ... ,,.,
- 50 hEAUlIrt l. ANGEL FISH.
whose avurue'Ty ID coi0rs re eXqGi.ft'y rich.
~ FEACOCK FISH, or FJUREYED CHERUBS.
he very gems OF the Ocean Never before except in
troVira
~ SQUIRREL FISH, OF perfect symmesy and brilliant
c0iars
10 SURGEON, or DOCTOR FISH very rav, aud dig
rhed p.scatoal gentleman with the nsI1 VI lance on hrs
body
~ COW FISH, with head and horns like q cow, and
Oh tnges its brilliant coors Ike a ch'ule
IA fORtD PINE FISH covered 81 with spiues ike
pocupiHe's quilts aud viii bed aud eyes lie ball dog
fe~ CRIMSON CANARElTA, or JENNY al II. -
~ ArtMONLS. LOOfitI LES. or SEA FLOWERS
beautiful
~ SPANISH LADY. so called from it, beautiful color
ano graceful motions.
~ PARROT FISH with q bill Ike parrot very beau
tif1t aud chtnces IL, color- ike a chameleon. -
~ OROUFER, YELLOW SNAPPER, WARBLER It-
BRA FISH, and other varieties al entirely ne" Ia
this Latitude and very rch and elegant They are I'll 10 be
in nch and transparent tanks swimming about an AL
toeir ustiye grace and beauty.
Yet with all this aud Millions or other Curiostes from
Al The world the price Of admission rHfnains a.
ONLY - CTS. CHILDREN UNDER 40 YEARS, 10 us
New-York daily tribune. [volume] (New-York [N.Y.]) 1842-1866, 1862-09-11
tertsired the expectation Of arresting him before

tertsibed the expectation Of arresting him before
night.
The Erie and New-York Central roads advance
through utes south Of the Erie has made the North
ern roads master of the situation.
The Assistant Treasurer has received two mil
lions of Treasury notes of the the small denoml-
nations.
The Reading Railroad rai,ed its tolls on the Let
OF September 20 cents per tun on the rates OF
August.
COMMERCE. or w.Yosx PROM JAN !, TO DATE
Import. merchandise. l,1Sc s@ssss s sll sss,
Exports produce.... 62.G50.375 B3. 1871 62J |otIt5.
Exports sfecie....... 36928.sla 32o4oS3 io3l29 i'
The Phenix Fire Insurance. Company Of Brooklyn
has declared semi-annual dividend of 5 Y cent,
payable on demand, at the Office No. 60 Wall street.
The exchanges at tie clearing house this morning
wer. 81, 5i5, 1913 50.
At auction to-day large line Of Ribbons and mil
nery goods were sold at very foil prices Many lots
were duplicated. A stock Of English ard American
Carpets brought an advance Of 1920 y cent over
last season.
There is considerable excitement in the Cotton
market, with further advance. Mddling Uplands
nave eod hs bBh as ooc Dfea1stus are IN istr ne-
mand. Flour is rather better, but Grain is trihe
lower.
For four weeks in July the coal tunnage on the
Reading Road wac 226 li5 tuDs: for four weeks in
August WAS 2l9, Z77 tuns, or 6s6S tuns less. In
August, however the charge for transportation was
@Oc. 3 tun greater than the charge imposed in July
aud therefore the income for August will be still
larger than the income for July Ii the net earnings
Of the road for the remaining four months of the
Official year average only well as July md the
presumption is they will exceed ~ they will yield
net, ssh 96S l6 add eight months net, az officially
reported 81 ,O3S, 564 IS; making for twelve months
net, 81 $50 j32 81. Tie indications that the ne
earnings Of tie road for the official year will exceed
$2,OO0,O00. This is equal ~ y cent interest on
principal sum of ;33, 1884,.
The annexed statement Of the export Of Bread
suis TO Great Britain aud Iceland, from September
to September Id from Edward Bills Flour and Grain
Circular:
New-York daily tribune. [volume] (New-York [N.Y.]) 1842-1866, 1862-09-11

F,. Canada q G,sl, H,ilin and Ierad - La,esec
from ayt /. 1901, q Ns4i !, I.9'
Ttl. F!orr. busa. Nhe,t Bush Corn
Ba.h. rcss Bush oats bush Aeal
d.ltlU soJ.'.p '-'%
The Mr. Orleans 81 TPiHg List, has been re-
sumod. TIE cotton statement shows beggarly
account. The stock the 10Th August was 30
bales The receipts during the year ending Sep
tembor ls', were 1870 bales. Exported for the
year. q .g9G bales. Burnt -, 200 bales.
TIE statistics Of tie sugar crop of Louisiana, arc
~ folOws:--
The actual Weld 4. esmaied to bsve complied f'1 40
hoc.hri. lrinsl o." % sud uakr s-gesat- weight
q So ~ d. 1is embraced ~, hi h0--hrads Of brown
.usaG made the cd process, aud - 40 refined clarified
= POI .usr houses. 4 which 27 worked by steam
ard -bg by hof--p1w-r The crop ~ the per~dnE
an e4ufed TO - 900 hog.L'uc. we-nif 2.JN3too ~,
sho ncfese TOT tie iss yeai u 0t3' hosHeads or
/ gd32'G30i5
According calculations. the price Of the entire crop
b.. av~fa,d sc. ng,ns !,c A. this aud
t..nE OF 10 a. 70 the hos.head tie aggregate
vau, the crop OF 4Jsln hhds 1. 5t93 81, against
"a st8fkf. product OF 2 7aJ hhd last Year in
crease ga The receipts the Lev~e The Is,
september have been ~ 30 hhd sud 400 t. AID bo4s
ag,ins l7il7 AhIs. go aud bhl-. last
The .tots iArd Ia this state IL estimaed at
Z 1900 hhds.
Tbe Weld OF noli.,es from the last years crop ia
TINA ed at 70 gallons Tor each LOU pound. OF sugar against
th. sauo ptrspu, year aggregate Of JsE 90
Aons aga n ~ $50 the year previous. showing al In
cr,..s b7 93J gaons. more than rs much ssin Tue
arsas he duing The have been @il htf
ri. against slJ 40 last year showing AZ Increase Of 6Ssi
pOunds
lgt q gallon, sums 40 rt'OOi3 nsains T'JJJo AAi
year. showing, an Increase Of SIiOI, 'Ja
The deliveries OF grain at Chicago on Saturday
New-York daily tribune. [volume] (New-York [N.Y.]) 1842-1866, 1862-09-11

The leading article OF Messrs. IIallett ~ Co.'s
circular for the Persia is or the relative strength
Of the North and South, and tho necessary result of
the contest:
In discussing question OF the great rebeon which has
snch tiuae econ with all hnsnsel top cs we have
assumed tho end must ircline on the SIDE Of
the marty the greatest OF men and money
the being of the same race The assumption Is
All, though the supremacy Of the North has net been
been the North has not put ioh M superior power
I'm, because this power has been mitctcd hnd iiteted
away by thoss whose duty to WELD with eslse's
force. -,
contrast between the financial strength patriotism aud ma
shirt IF the people and the incompetency iHbeiiy ana
lick Of purpose Of the Government The difference 10
and perhaps inevitable. in sll Tree governments our
degree The energy OF people ha net only
uatsra results that others can STOW, bot mas
impaired confidence ia their nvipciby and AbIy 70 over
come oil obstacles that be opposed 20 them 10 WORK 100
aduous be proposed aud question III poncs "nich
they do not feel IL their desIy TO solve.
In the North the most perfect unity OF pnpose ena sym
pahy exists that the whole strength OF the people car De
most instantly utilized directed common end The
Northern divided probably into ZoO.O distinct
municipal political oTgsnizsois
whc is only Is from each Is TILED Tor the "hoie IA very
nearly tho time that could be ior one ana tuoush
time required 10 collecn. and mHssing hr 'oiuh'ess
bardiy a day IL required procure their enlistment Inc
urt of the people raised pitch mat every
man Va i country be had If need be- TO put ho"n me
rebellion In the small Subdivision 81 towns ans Puo
lie opinion ally points out Tho boss po'Son nea ehu
! all circumstances, to 90.
Thss readily respond the call These that remein equal
ze the burden contributing most hbtrs 70 he
snd In making provisions for their fsDirs Ia s sy we
whole OF the nation are otous directly
10 hear and With efficiency end completeness which no
nation however dcspotic it, Government can snow. Tow
Ne. D.. .ss..ss " .siss Gu, saa sN~Y Svevs msu
New-York daily tribune. [volume] (New-York [N.Y.]) 1842-1866, 1862-09-11
UNITED STATES MARSHAL's SALE.
SEA ISLAND COTTON.
$50 BALEs SEA ISLAND AND GrrIg COTTON

DANIEL II. BURDRTT. Auct'on.er
BY VIRTUE OF AN ORDER OF SALE TO directed
by the Hon. WILLIAM MARVIN, Judge Of District Court
for the Southern Distrct Of Flohia will sell al public
auction o. TUESDAY, sept 10,
At " O'Clock m,
From Larubeers and WheeeIs Stores, BroOLlyn
22 tales Sea Island Cotton from prize steamer Reliance.
% bales Upland Cotton from prize steamer Reliance
a bbls Il osin from prize steamer hellapce
80 bales Upland Cotton from pine schooner Bslsouy
.2pseksses Cotton from prize schooner baeoHy.
lis bales Upland Cotton from pa schooner ncle Mose
3bss Pictngs Cotton from Prize schooner Uncle Nose
~ bsies Upland Cotton from prIe schooner Nic,0nn
packages Upland Cotton from pTize schooner victoria
2 efsss and barrels from pTize schooner Nic.oH'
" bales Of Sea 10 and Cotton hom piize 'cbf Agnes
half bales Sea Island Cotton from pri1e SchI Agnes
bas pcking Sea Island Cotton from pfle schr Agnes
% obiI kosin from pnze schr Agnes .
" osles W and Cotton from prize schr' Juh@
oss picfings Cotton from prize schf jana
) suns and - shot from prize schooner Juha- 80,
Samples OF Cotton be fnday snd nntll Day Of
ss-e a. ths oRcs u HIRAM BESNEii no ny Wsrs
janis G.. CLAP,
US. Msns, S9ussrD Oi..e' s.o's!a,
New-York daily tribune. [volume] (New-York [N.Y.]) 1842-1866, 1862-09-11
Cfcur5lou5.

EXCURSIONS to COMFY ISLAND.-llealth,
II Comfort aud Pleasure Car leave fulton and Caihaiine
Ferries Brooklyn, every ~ minutes
30 10 the SEA SlDE.-The cara OF the
NJ Coney Island and Brooklyn X. X. Company are no"
fuu. eu ally from Fulton aud Catherine frrnesto Chufen
Lane. Grcenhed Grsyeend and toney leland NJ u ne
Shcepshead Bay. Private Parties and Area
and Picnic Parties Accommodated on apIeiloA a. the
office.
New-York daily tribune. [volume] (New-York [N.Y.]) 1842-1866, 1862-09-11
Sales tn AntilJll.

A. ~. MgRwIg. Aucuoneei.
DY BANGS, MERWIN g. Co., Irving Build
ID inss Nos 59g and so Brssdway-sAie' OF booHs SA
opery Picture Worl, Of Art Fancy Goods Furniture NC
WEDNESDAY THURSDAY, and fRlDAi L'ENlNo''
Sept 10. II, and H. at o'clock n, L,
PRIVATE LIBRARY OF a great variety Of VALUABLE
ENGLISH aud AMERICAN BOOKS Including many w my
are choice and scarce &c. Also. MAhOOAN1 bOOh'
EASE For particulars catalogue and the Books a. inc
hslssrooms
New-York daily tribune. [volume] (New-York [N.Y.]) 1842-1866, 1862-09-11
Coparincrsbip Hotties.

NOTICE.-The Partnership heretofore exist
~ ing between CORNELIUS RYAN ard FREDERIC
WEfMAN under The firm nsm- of Ryan and N.hmAn, Ia
the Hide and Taow business DlsSOLNED by mutual
copseut on toe 18th day Of APRIL, Isol
COKNELIOS RYAN, Hide and Tsllow Dealer
Noa. fgi and ssJ l0th-sv.