davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Nashville daily union. [volume] (Nashville, Tenn.) 1862-1866, 1862-11-27
GENERAL ORDERS.
HEADQUARTERS 14rn Amy CoRrs,

HEADQUAKTERs 14TH ARMY CoRPs,
DEPARTMENT OF THE CUMBERLAND,
NASHVILLE, Tenn, Nov. IL, 1662)
General Orders No. 16,
The following orders relating TO the
reception of flag of truce, are given for
the instruction of officers and men of this
command on Outpost, Vidette, Picket,
and Grand Guard duty, and for all other
officers and men, TO all whom these de.
tails of service should be known.
1t is often the object of flag of truce
TO make observations of positions,
strength, roads, etc, for the purpose of
attack or otherwise; in fact, TO gain all
the information possible.
No person coming from the enemy with
flag of truce must therefore be permit
ted TO advance further than the outposts
of Carbohydrates,
If flag of truce approach, it will be
halted at the usual distance, faced the
way il came; the bearer and escort will
keep ranks. A messenger will be prompt
ly dispatched TO the nearest officer Of
picket or grand guard, stating the arrival
of the flag and rank of the officer; the
officer of the grand guard will immedi-
ately send a messenger to these Head
quarters, stating the road, rank of officer,
etc. He will then with one nOn-com
missioned officer and four men, proceed
to the flag; see that it is properly halted
and faced and that these instructions are
fully carried out until the arrival of the
staff officer from these Headquarters, who
will take charge and give the necessary
directions to the officer of the guard.
If the bearer of the flag of truce have
papers only, he will deliver them to an
officer of his rank, who will receipt for
them, and send the bearer on his way
back. L the bearer insists on, and can
give good reasons for, seeing the Com
handing General, he will be met outside
the lines or a staff officer of his rank will
have him conducted blindfolded to these
Headquarters.
Only the officer Of the flag will be per-
mitted to enter. The others, if they de-
sire to come jirSt inside our lines, will
have their camp guarded by the officer of
the Guard; but such camp will be in
place where no observations can be made.
No conversation whatever, relative to
the army, is permitted on the part of any
officer, soldier or citizen with any of the
party of the ilag of truce. All belong
ing TO the party shall be treated with the
greatest civility and respect Any viola
ton of these orders will b. promptly and
vigorously punished.
Refreshments will be offered the COM
mand, and forage furnished for animals.
By command of Maj Gen. RosEcRANs
JULIUS P. GARESCHE,
Ass'tAdi't Gen. and Chief of Staff
OIticial;-C. GODDARD, A. A. G.
The Nashville daily union. [volume] (Nashville, Tenn.) 1862-1866, 1862-11-27
TUESDAY MORNING, Nov.s7. 1862
Night-Oaps Marching.

A novel military procession passed
l5sgh the streets yesterday, exciting
} pity Of some, and the derision Of
1ers. Some fifty Federal soldiers who
a been captured and paroled by the
,rrillas, at various times, under cir
instances not at all creditable to the
soners, were collected, by order Of
neral RosEoRANs, and adorned with
a-caps, with red tassels in the centre,
I in this outre uniform paraded through
streets, to the roll Of the drum,
the shrill squeaEing Of the ury-necised ffo."
pre- the gaze of admiring thousands,
, cheered them on their winding
~ No doubt a strict enforcement Of
itary discipline would have condemn
many of these soldiers to death for
pusillanimous behavior General
ECRAEs has wisely shown his deter
ton to expose to disgrace all SOL
IS and officers who bring reproach
their country, by cowardly conduct
all soldiers who wish TO fight will
aud his conduct.
The Nashville daily union. [volume] (Nashville, Tenn.) 1862-1866, 1862-11-27

Headquarters l4TH ARMY CoRPs,
DEPARTMENT or THE CUMBERLAND,
NASHVILLE, TENNo Nov. II, 1922
General Ordeys No. II.
The following Regulations are pre-
scribed for foraging parties in this De-
partment, and must be strictly observed
and enforced.
l. All Officers, soldiers or employees
of the Government ere, with the excep-
ton provided for in paragraph V of this
order, prohibited from foraging for sup
plies, without 10ritteR authority from
Division Headquarters, or from the Com
handing Officer of a Post or detached
brigade or regiment.
III. Foraging parties will, in all cases,
be sent out in charge of a Commissioned
officer, who will be held responsible for
the conduct Of the Guards, Transfers, and
others accompanying the train, and will
see that no depredations are committed,
and that no property is taken, not speci-
fed in the permit, and, above all, that no
struggling from the command is allowed
struggling being the great source of all
marauding.
Ill Permits will be furnished indu-
plicate to the Officer procuring the sup
plies: one copy to be left with the party
of whom the supplies are procured, and
one copy to be returned at once to the
Officer with whom settlement therefor is
to be made-bOth copies TO be properly
filled out with quantity and description
of the articles taken, and TO be signed
by the officer procuring the supplies.
~ Settlement for supplies procured
by FOraging parties will, when practical
BILE, be made by the Division Quarter
master the Quartermaster procuring the
supplies accounting TO him therefor.
V. When Trains or detachments are
separated from the Division to which
they belong, they must in all cases be in
charge of, or accompanied by Quarter
master, specially authorized by the Gen
eral Commanding to give certificates in
proper form for Forage and other sup
plies procured, Permits for FOraging
parties will in this case be issued by the
! Commanding Officer Of the detachment
or escort, and settlement for Forage pro-
cured, be made by the Quartermaster in
charge.
VI. All supplies procured by FOraging
parties, whether settlement therefor has
been made with the owner or not, will be
taken up and accounted for on The
Monthly and Quarterly returns, in The
same manner as other Government prop.
erty.
VII. When the owner Of property,
taken for the use of the Army by proper
authority, is known 10 be disloyal, OF
when there is a reasonable doubt as e
I his loyalty, the following note will b,
made on the face Of the certificate giyer
therefor, TO be settled hereafter, il
such manner as the Government may di.
rect" When the party OF whom sup.
plies are procured, is nnowu 10 be a loya
citizen, payment will be made, or a Ger
tiiicate, given in the proper form, withou
making the above note.
The Nashville daily union. [volume] (Nashville, Tenn.) 1862-1866, 1862-11-27
HEADQUARTERS 14Tu ARMY CoRps.
DEPARTMENT OF THE CUMBERLAND,
NASHVILLE, Tenn, Nov. 20, 1862.

HEADQUARTERS 14Tu ARMY CoRrs. }
DEPARTMENT OF THE CUMBERLAND,}
NASHVILLE, Tenn, Nov. 20, 1862
General Orders No. 81.
l. General Orders 100, War Depart
ment, October 18th, 1862, regulating Army
Trains, contemplate the use Of shelter
tents. Until the troops serving in this
Department can be supplied with them,
the following transportation will be
allowed:
Each Regiment Of Infantry, eleven
wagons.
Each Regimentof Cavalry, twenty-five
wagons.
Each Battery of Artillery the same
number of wagons that there are guns in
the Battery.
Each Brigade Quartermaster will be
allowed five wagons for the use of Brig
ade Headquarters,
Each Division will be allowed a sup
ply train of fifty wagons, to be in charge
Of the Division Quartermaster. All trans
portation in excess of this allowance will
be at once reported to the Chief Quar-
termaster and will be turned over under
his direction.
III. Division Quartermasters will inn
mediately furnish the Chief Quartermas-
ter full report Of all transportation in
their respective divisions by Regiments
and Detachments, stating the number of
six, four, and two mule or horse wagons.
and the number of two and four wheeled
ambulances also the number Of cavalry
and artillery horses, and the number of
extra animals. They will also furnish
list OF the Quartermasters of each Brig
ade, Regiment and Detachment in their
Division. A like report will hereafter be
required on the FIRST day Of eUeyy month.
III. Full reports will immediately be
made to the Chief Quartermaster, of all
camp and garrison equipage in each Di-
vision, giving the number and kind of
tents in the possession of each regiment
and detachment,
~. The following estimates will here
after be made and forwarded TO the Chief
Quartermaster on the first day Of every
month.
LIST. Estimate of funds required.
I'd. Estimate Of forage required, stat
ing number of animals in the Division.
3rd. Estimate of clothing, camp and
garrison equipage,
4th. Estimate of Quartermasters' Stores
The Estimates for the present month
will be made at once, that the necessary
supplies may be Immediately procured.
BY command Of Maj Gen RosEoRANs.
JULIUS r. GARESCHE,
Asst Adj't Gen'l aud Chiefof staff.
Official &C. GODDARD, A. A. G.
The Nashville daily union. [volume] (Nashville, Tenn.) 1862-1866, 1862-11-27
HE4DQUARrERs, l4rn Army CoRps,

HEADQUARTERS, 14TH ARMY CORPS,
DEPARTMENT OF THE CUMBERLAND,
NASHVILLE, Tenn, Nov. is, 1862.
General Orders, No Is.
The following extract from General
Orders, No l54, War Department, Octo-
Der 9th, 1862 is published for the infor-
nation and guidance Of all concerned:
EXTRACT.
The commanding officer of each Re-
giment, Battalion and Battery of the Reg
ular Army in the field, will appoint one
or more recruiting officers, who are here
by authorized to enlist with their own
consent, the requisite number of efficient
volunteers to fill the ranks of their COM
mand to the legal standard"
The number of Regiments and Detach-
ments of the Regular Army serving in
this Department being limited, not more
than three volunteers Willie enlisted from ann
one company Recruiting officers will furnish
to the commanding officers of the com
panies TO which the men so enlisted be-
long, lists of the same exhibiting the dates
OF the enlistment of each into the Regu-
lar Service.
The commanding officers of companies
from which men may be enlisted under
this order shall furnish them with their
descriptive lists and accounts of pay and
clothing, and report them on the first
subsequent muster roll of their companV
as honorably discharged the day previ-
Gus to the date of their enlistment in the
Regular Service.
BY command of Maj Gen. RosEcRAYs.
JULIUS p. GARESCHE,
Asst. Ad't Gen'l and Chief of Staff
Official: G. GODDARD, A. A. G.
The Nashville daily union. [volume] (Nashville, Tenn.) 1862-1866, 1862-11-27

HEADQUARTERS 14TH ARMY CoPps.
DEPARTMENT OF THE CUMBERLAND,}
NASHVILLE, Tenn, Nov 10, ls62N
General Orders No 20.
1t having come TO the notice Of the
General Commanding, that arrests of cit
liens are carelessly made, upon INSULT
cient grounds and proof, and without
taking the necessary pains TO enquire
into the character Of the informants. or
the truth of the allegations, and as great
injustice is thereby done in individual
cases, and much suffering frequently oc-
casioned to innocent persons, the follow
ing regulations are established and will
hereafter be strictly enforced.
!. All Provost Marshals or Officers
acting in that capacity, will report to
the Provost Marshal General, Immediate
ly after receiving a prisoner into custody,
and also semi-weekly, the names, age.
residences, and offences charged against
all prisoners arrested or held in custody
by them, together with the names and
residences of their accusers and of the
witnesses against them, and the names
of the officers who ordered and of those
who made the arrests
ii. In order TO comply with this regu-
lation, Provost Marshals are, in all cases,
on receiving prisoner, TO exact the above
information from those who turn them
over for custody, and unless charges are
furnished, or they themselves are pre-
pared to furnish them, the prisoners
must be released within three days.
By command of Maj Gen. RosECRANs.
JULIUS p. GARESCHE,
Asst Adj't Gen. and Chief Of Staff
Official &C. GODDARD, A. A. G.
The Nashville daily union. [volume] (Nashville, Tenn.) 1862-1866, 1862-11-27

'nEA1RE.-Mrs. j. r. ALLEN has a ben
Tonight, and we hope TO see a crowd
Iouse. This lady is one among the
meritorious members Of the compa-
During Mrs. BERNARD's temporary
nee she did the leading business, at
heatre, and acquitted herself on every
ion in a manner most creditable. Mr..
DAS, who has the reputation ofbeing
tor Of much ability, has volunteered,
will appear as Matthew Elmore"
Loves Sacrifice with Mrs. ALLEN
Margaret Elmore," and Mrs. BER-
as Herminie." The alter-piece is
/ farming little comedietta of "House-
Fairy" If the attendance is not
;Ially large it will not be for the
of an attractive bill.
The Nashville daily union. [volume] (Nashville, Tenn.) 1862-1866, 1862-11-27
MIDNIGHT DISPATCHES.
Rebels Preparing to Dispute Federal
Possession of Fredericksburg
Rebels Reinforced by Generals Long
street and Hill
The English and Russian Press on
,eA American Affairsl
Provisions Going to England for the
Starving English Operatives!
Money Market, Etc.

LOUISVILLE, Nov, 26.-Washington ad-
vices from the Times correspondent at
Falmouth this morning, show that the
rebels are preparing to dispute the pas
sage of our troops across the river at
Fredericksburg. They have been largely
reinforced by divisions under Longstreet
and Hill, estimated at seventy five thou
sand. Formidable batteries have been
planted for their protection.
HALIFAX, Nov. 2G.-The steamer Africa
arrived this morning. The London
Morning Herald bitterly denounces the
non-interference policy of the British
Government, and says the language of
Lord John Russells dispatches mocks
the hopes and insults half million of
starving English
The St. Petersburg Journal contains
the following: Prince Gorts chakofr says
that it is requisite, above all things, to
avoid the appearance of any pressure
whatever capable of chilling the public
opinion in America.
New YORK, Nov. 26.-The Post says
We hear that movement is on foot in
this city to despatch two or three ship
loads of provisions to England, for the
relief of the starving operatives of Lam
cashire.
Gold opened firm at 2915, and closed
steady at 2015.
The Nashville daily union. [volume] (Nashville, Tenn.) 1862-1866, 1862-11-27

ty odd paroled rebel officers and
RS, who have been in our city for
time, went to the Provost Marshal
day and took the oath of allegi-
We learn that numbers of our
Jas, who have hitherto been disloyal,
king the oath of allegiance. They
'ltly regard the rebel cause as a
1g ship, which all wise men will
20 its fate.
The Nashville daily union. [volume] (Nashville, Tenn.) 1862-1866, 1862-11-27
PRovosT MABsHAL's OFFICE, !
NASHVILLE, Tenn, Nov. 10, 1862.(

Suffers are reminded that their APP
pointments confer no authority to sell
anywhere except with their o,0a rcgi
ments.
All Suffers doing business in this city
are ordered to close their establishments,
and join their regiments, without delay.
All violations of this order will be
summarily punished.
ALVAN G. GILLEM,
Col lst Teun, Iury, Prov Marshal
Nov Cow.
The Nashville daily union. [volume] (Nashville, Tenn.) 1862-1866, 1862-11-27

Ia. "a commission and discharge
1ryice, belonging to Sergeant
A. HALL, of the First Regiment of
rvalry, which he can have by call
ais Office snd paying for this adj
emit.
The Nashville daily union. [volume] (Nashville, Tenn.) 1862-1866, 1862-11-27
MARRIED.,

In Columbus, Ohio, on the 18th inst, by Rev. D.
y. Mathcr, Mr. JoHS l.. OvERMYER, of this city, and
Miss MARY OyERnYER, Of the former place.-Lou.
J0uraa'.
May Heaven smile upon your blissful union, and
permit you both 90 enjoy the pure felcites of mar
ried life, for many long and happy years.
NASHVILLE, TESN. LIZA.
The Nashville daily union. [volume] (Nashville, Tenn.) 1862-1866, 1862-11-27

any companies are reported, the General
Commanding will deal with the company
officers in the most summary manner.
Any commissioned officer, permitting
such struggling, will be dismissed the
service Division, Brigade and Regimen
tai commanders will in like manner be
held responsible for not enforcing this
order among the subordnates
BY command of Mai Gen. RosrcRANs.
JULIUS p. GABESCHE,
Asst Adjt Gen. and Chief OF Staff
O1lcial;-C GODDARD, A. A. G.
The Nashville daily union. [volume] (Nashville, Tenn.) 1862-1866, 1862-11-27
htli,izcns orNashvIIIc.

). HARDE & Co, 4s College
IRE now delivering the Cincinnati,
ie, and New York daily papers
u and residences, in any part Of
for twenty Eve cents week.
orders at IS, College Street
The Nashville daily union. [volume] (Nashville, Tenn.) 1862-1866, 1862-11-27

Ire PAPERs.-We are indebted to
q. HARDE q Co., College Street,
DELL, of the Army News Depot,
Street, and our friends at the
. Express Office, for a large and
lot of late papers ahead of the
Gentlemen, accept our thanks for
ind consideration.
The Nashville daily union. [volume] (Nashville, Tenn.) 1862-1866, 1862-11-27

" SULzBACHER, 81 Market street,
to redeem his change tickets in
currency, at his counter,
presented. Hereafter, his custo-
stmake their own small change.
-1w
The Nashville daily union. [volume] (Nashville, Tenn.) 1862-1866, 1862-11-27

diplomatic correspondence to ac-
y the Presidents Message, alrea-
'ress, will make a volume of seven
hundred pages. Much of it re-
General BUFFERS doings in New
The Nashville daily union. [volume] (Nashville, Tenn.) 1862-1866, 1862-11-27
TEALEY a SWAN,

and Sale Stable, No. 8 College
keep constantly on hand Car
Horses and Buggies, and are at
IS prepared to send parties to any
the country.
nave 10 or 10 good work Horses
lies for sale at low figures; also,
large and small Spring Wagons.
27-1m.
The Nashville daily union. [volume] (Nashville, Tenn.) 1862-1866, 1862-11-27
PRoyosT MARsHALs OFFICE, }
TENN. Nov u 1850

NASHVILLE Tenn, Nov "a, 1925
The attention Of dealers in all kinds
of liquors is called to the fact that all
permits for the sale of liquors, malt,
spurious or yinious, are hereby re-
voked.
All violations of this order will be
summarily punished.
ALVAN q. GILLEM,
Col. lst Tenn, Inf'y, Prov Marshal.
Nov25-5t,
The Nashville daily union. [volume] (Nashville, Tenn.) 1862-1866, 1862-11-27

! yarances or permits to suffers are
VI to be granted except by the
ity of War.
The Nashville daily union. [volume] (Nashville, Tenn.) 1862-1866, 1862-11-27
New York Imports, Exports, &c.

FOREIGN IMPORTS At NEW YORK For TEN
MONTHS ERoM JAN. l.
1860 1861 1862.
End for cons'm.slio7G SIS 296 1913 sal OS7, 72G
Do Tor wareh'g. 35,2l3,3sG 36,5752so 39,1G5,G97
Specie ec Bullion 25i7 35s2S05s YSd5S53
Tot cnt at ports 5sG2 SLAB 5l2 s57 $I5l 27O8ol
wan i'm. Whsle. 2s,2GO,l20 3iO67,7Id IS 365, 1868
The duties, of course, have largely in
creased, not only because of the aug
mented imports but also on account of
the increased rates. The amount was all
paid in demand notes but S5,076 81,
which was paid in interest bearing
Treasury notes.
DUTIES RECEIVED AT NEW YORK FROM JAN.
lst quartz 754 1855 10 SLOT 1865 Al sl1 $40 5s3 q
"a quarter, 763i,92i IL 35O7,4G9 % l3,5lg,sOi u
Sd quarter, l2039,ll2 AZ 527O,797 40 l7,2l8,4it72
In october, 2632,0 80 l,672,6l6 81 4,3O9,4l9 81
Total from
jan lst S39OGOs7O 10 Sl7 749 10 S46,5sG,252 CT
In the export trade, October will long
be remembered, if we mistake not, as the
banner month, the total being larger by
many millions than for any previous
month in our history 1t will be seen
that, exclusive of specie, the amount over
ran twenty million dollars. The follow
ing is a comparative summary.
EXPORTS FROM NEW YORK TO FOREIGN PORTS
IN THE MONTH or OCTOBER.
1860. 1851 1862
Domestic produce. $40 O6733o $4,000 $50 sl9l7G9i7
For. mdse., (lree). A,l75 6O,s6S l7o,2O5
Do. (dutiabel 39i753 1g2,l96 f34 2G5
Specie and bullion. 2,lO63o5 1898 6,7O7,5lo
Total ,e6265 sl3l72,I52 S28797 1856
Do excl, Of spec l0,556,2jS l8l57,4l4 2O,O9O4l7
We now bring forward the total from
January LIST to the close of October.
The total has swelled beyond all former
precedent, and also far above the expec-
tations of any one engaged in this trade.
A portion of this difference has been
made up by the deprecated value of the
currency in which the exports are rated,
bat the actual quantities of the ship
ments have also enormously increased:
EXPORTS FROM NEW YORK TO FOREIGN PORTS
FOR TEN MONTHS FROM JAN /.
Domcs produce S73 59i $50 slO3 4647ss Sl2o3l4l3
For mdse. (tree) 2,077 BOP 500 1893, s2l
Do (Iutiablr) 4b3l,i7s 1882 275 i313, go,
| Specie bullion, 4l46S,d79 3 29i s52 4s55o,65'
Total evpors...sl2l 6G7,log Si3I2oi5 SI76s2s, Is!
DO, excl ofspecie so 2o8l3O lo9,sN 563 l27271 O2'
N T. journal Of Commerce.
The Nashville daily union. [volume] (Nashville, Tenn.) 1862-1866, 1862-11-27
Nashville atniDn.
TER MI s.,

DAILY UNION, per annum. ........ ......SS 90
" " week ...s.........es,..a 90
n l-wEEKLY UMoE, per annum. .."".ss 90
WEEKLY UnoE, per annum...............s2 90
The Nashville daily union. [volume] (Nashville, Tenn.) 1862-1866, 1862-11-27

Headquarters 14TH ARMY CoRps,
DEPARTMENT OF THE CUMBERLAND.I
NASHVILLE, Tenn, Nov. 10. ls62N -
The weekly Lancaster gazette. (Lancaster, Ohio) 1860-1863, 1862-07-03
Later from Memphis.

MEMPHIS. June 25.-The railroad from
Columbus. KY, to this city is now in op.
Grafton, and in day d two there $ill be
railrord communication 10 Cotinth. and
from there TO Huntsville, Ala. Enough
rolling stock has been sectrpd 10 com
mence operations with. Over 900 per
sons have taken the oath Of allegiance
since the occupation Of this place.
All quiet at Corinth. That point vii
be garrisoned by two divisions and il i
reported that General Halleck will relurl
10 st. Louis very soon,
Gen. Lew Wallace and Staff left her
yesterday TO visit tlIer homes.
A feet of steSmcts. with supplies fo
General Curtis army has arrived, ant
will be escorted up White river. Ark =, By
a strong guard.
Mayor Parks and Aldermen Robinson
Tilgree and Hurlbut have taken the oalt
put the remaindet Of the Board hant
bsck.
Gen. Bragg was 10 take command a
ViOksburg on the 18th inst.
General Schuyler Hamilton hss resign
ed on account Of i'll health. and will b,
succeeded by General Rosecrans.
1t is reported tGSt there are thirty thou
sand rebel troops at Vicksburg, unde
Bragg and Pillow.
The weekly Lancaster gazette. (Lancaster, Ohio) 1860-1863, 1862-07-03
FROM A,CLELLAS,s coMMAND.

More Fighting Before RichmOnd-Tae
Rstels DriOen BaeE. and Important
Petitions Gained BY oar Forces.
McCtEtLAS's HEADouLsrERs. June 95.
Evening-General Hooker, at 9 O'Clock.
this morning. advanced his division. With
the view ofoccupying new position
The resultwss that his troopi met with
a most determined resistance IRON the en-.
eny, which lasted until four O'Clock in
the afternoon, but the rebels were forced
to give vas before Tie fnivircfble courage
Of our men. = ''F go . :
During the day every thing indicated a
general engagement. but the enemy, for
some reason or other, backed ont Of it,.
The troops all fought as CALAMITY as ey-
er.
The tess on our,sids will be about zoe
killed sDd wounded. Amosg thsi woun-
ded is Col. MOrris0b, yolaniecr aid TO
General Palmer, wounded in lhs hspd.-
Euspy's loss is not known, hut believed
to be equal TO ours. 4se
+ The camp ofthe rebels 10 frost Of Gen:
Hooker was captured. and i nov occn.
pied by his troops. The grouud fought
for was swamp with thick undsrbrush.
beyond which is an open cepntryi - 4.
! The woods Intervening between our.
troops and the enemy, prevented he re-
sul. of our artillery firing from being
known.
Two NspoleonI2 2 Founders. under Csp-
!tsih Derusssy succeeded in getting thro'
the swamp during the afternoon. and did
excellent service. p s..s,.-.. =
An effort Of the enemy 10 capture ffsrs-
suited in their being driven back with Sc
we're loss. The result Of TO day 10 highly
IimpOrtsnt TO tl,s health Of the army, as
but little mi re ground is 10 bs gained 10
place our troops beyond the swamp: =
General Mcclellan was present tbe
whole DAY experimenting all the move
menls.