davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Big blue union. [volume] (Marysville, Kan.) 1862-1866, 1862-07-05
Rates Of Ferriage
Estabished by the Board of Countu Comuissi

k0teS OF Eerrt8Se
Estabtished By the Board Of County Commissioners
Of AsrsAaH County, Kansas, Apra11, 1862.
Ordered that the rates Of ferriage across the
Big Blue river ct the ferry owned by II. D. Will
liams& Co., crossing said river near the city Of
Marysville, be from this date as follows
For footmsn ...... ...........".. .O5
loose cattle each...... ...... ...... .O5
man and horse. go. 10
/" two horses and wagon so
" one yoke Of cattle and wagon.... so
four horses and wagon rs
two yoke Of cattle and wagon.... rs
four go. S125
six 80. $3.50
/" United States mail coaches, four
horses $500. 40
Allpersons with one wagon free.
This eerti6es that the above is true and cor
rect copy Is ordered BY the Board of County
Commissioners, April 11th, 1852.
3tn4] 3. Q. NEWELL, Co. Clerk.
The Big blue union. [volume] (Marysville, Kan.) 1862-1866, 1862-07-05

MERCHANTS OF THE INTERIOR,
Are respectfully invited call and examine my stock and
prices and they will be certain to buy All kinds of market
able produce taken IN exchange for Goods the high
market rates.
nl3 3m THEO. BARTHOLOW.
The Big blue union. [volume] (Marysville, Kan.) 1862-1866, 1862-07-05
J. d. B 4 q NJ 3 a q g n,
ATTORNEY AF Law,
NOT AIRY BLIC.
Aarysvtlle, Marshall Co. Kansas.

Messfs. Humphrey, Terry, 4 Co., snd Derby 4
Day, st. Louis. Headly & Carr; Bowman 4 Co.:
Grimes 4 Carter, Atchison, K. 7. Baker L
Cushman; Fowler 4 Zeigler Noah Walker 4 Co.;
and Hon. John Thompson Mason, Baltimore, Md.
Hon. Saml. D. Leeompte; Vim. G. Mathis; Perry
4 Lowe; and Clark, Gruber & Co., Bankers,
Leavenvorth: K. 7. Lykins & Boyd; Van Lear
& Britton, st. Joseph. Mo.
The Big blue union. [volume] (Marysville, Kan.) 1862-1866, 1862-07-05

THEO. BARTHOLOW,
Wh0lESASE GROCER!
ATCHISON, KANSAS.
Iwould respectfully announce to the Mer-
chants Of the Interior Of Kansas, that have
large snd comp lete assortment OF GROCERIES
Of every description, which l offer at very low
rates for cash or produce, such a Dry Hides,
Bacon, Lard, &C., &c.
Ny stock eonrists in part &c follows:
1900 sacks super fine and extra Flour,
800 bushels of Dried Fruit
200 barrels and half barrels Whisky,
100 bbls. Salt,
$50 boxes OF Tobacco
200 kegs of Nails,
so sacks of Coffee,
$50 bbls brown and refined Sugars,
Molasses in barrels, half bbls and kegs,
Golden Syrup Rice, Mackerel, Herring,
Spices of ali kinds, Cream Tarter, Soda Oys-
tiers, Sardincs, Condles, Soap, besides many 9TH
er articles too tedious to mention; suffice it to
sag my stock is full and complete, (being the
largest in Atchson, and can and viii sell as low
as any House on the Missouri River.
The Big blue union. [volume] (Marysville, Kan.) 1862-1866, 1862-07-05
NOTICE TO TAX PAYERS.

Maryssille, June 9, 1862
The Big blue union. [volume] (Marysville, Kan.) 1862-1866, 1862-07-05

Thankful for the patronage he has received sncs he
blshsd his business in Ksnsae he determined to merit
soanuanss Of the confidence of his friends and the public
New Oregon plaindealer. (New Oregon, Iowa) 1859-1866, 1862-03-14

SLAVERY IN THE DIsTRlCT OF CO.
CoLUMB,A.-The Common Council of
the city of Washington, on Tuesday
March 4th passed the following resolu-
tons bytwo-thirds vote
"Be IL resolved, That we see with re-
greet the proposition of Congress to
abolish slavery in the District of Co.
lumbia, and fear that it will result in
disadvantageto the cause of the Union,
the Constitution, and the enforcement
of the laws, as well as an act Of MUS
tee to tho State of Maryland.
"Be 1t further resolved, That tho
Committee Of the two Boards before
Congress be, and they are hereby in
structed, to use all possible influence to
prevent the passage Of any such law,
until the State ofMarylahd, from which
the District was originally taken, shall
pass general law emancipatng slaves
within her own borders :"
New Oregon plaindealer. (New Oregon, Iowa) 1859-1866, 1862-03-14
REASON WHY THE SOUTH HAS
GONE TO WAR.

The Chicago Journal gives an account Of
an inter view had with prisoners of war at
Chicago and makes the following comment ::
at is difficult to convince these r.slsd men
that the object OF this war is not to free the
slaves, or that President Lincoln is not an
Abotionist. These and similar absurd no.
tons appear to have been 50 deeply impress.
ed upon their minds by their lying politicians
and leaders down thar that they cannot
be readily persuaded that they have been &C.
ceiyed."
Is it the 'lying politicians of the South
alone who have impressed such notions on
the Southern mind! Are not these impress
sions renewed every day in such newspapers
as the New York Tribune, Chicago Tribune
and the Abolition and Republican press gem
orally and are they created deep and last
Summers and other traitors to the Constitu-
ton like him in Congress Did not even
Mr. Linco In himself significantly hint in his
first Message to Congress. that the slaves of
the South should have an opportunity to rise
above their le :aily prescribed condition !?
Would there have been any cause or even
pretext for Rebellion in the South, if it were
not for the enunciation of the theory that
this Government could not exist, part slave
and part free .! And wis enunciated and
promulgated that theory and attempted to
carry it into practical effect Was it lying
politicians in the South, or Abolition trail
tors in the North Facts which are indeli-
bly, recorded in the annals Of the country
answer Abolitionism. Sewardism, Lincoln
ism is the cause of the fratricidal strife. The
President it is true sees his error and APP
pears to be trying to remedy the evil which
he has done, but how many other Abolition
lists are following his example ? We know
not one.--Dubuque Herald.
New Oregon plaindealer. (New Oregon, Iowa) 1859-1866, 1862-03-14

n correspondent of the Dubuuue
Herald writing from Dcs Moines of
the effect of the news of the surrender
Of Fort Donelson, upon our House of
Representatives, says:
About noon, while member had the floor
IN the House, and was speaking on reSolu-
ton that was pending, the Speaker received
dispatch announcing the fall of Donelson,
and the capture of four Generals, several
thousand prisoners, and an immense quantity
Of arms and ammunition. Sprnging to his
feet, his fine countenanco flushed with ami
nation, his eyes flashing with joyful excite
mcnt he announced the fact to the House
simultaneously the members sprung to their
feet and gave utterancc to their JOY in loud
hurrahs and shouts that made the welkin
ring. a resolution was Immediately passed
ordering the Secretary of State to bring out
the big gun. and the Stars and Stripes were
thrown out to the breeze. Again the hur-
rahs-prolonged and echoed back from the
Senate Chamber. Adiutant General Baker
Gov. Kirkwood made short addresse IN re-
Spouse to calls from their respective friends !;
and previous to the members retiring from
the Hall, q resolution was unanimously ad
opted to suspend the "Prohibitory Liquor
Law for the balance Of the day. a"d it 1cns
"did,' StraiGhtway the members went off on
"big dIa.nk"
New Oregon plaindealer. (New Oregon, Iowa) 1859-1866, 1862-03-14

To Thomcs p. DaUiss, Jewot' Gates g. John
son. KILLER e. Brorn Join r. MiHs g. CO.
J. F. q Bannon and f. l.. Hanore, Pant
Cornell, Winchester Hall and Benjamin l..
Hanore, c. Fl Parsons miller g. Bass. IN
gersoH Field 8. Co. Gorge l.. hoSe, George
Glaekmeyer and Henry McDo 1old, Jnhns
". Hull and Gideon Pope George Bts~,
John Burch, James Taylor William Jones
and Sabin g. Moon ::--GENTLEMEN
YOU hereby notified that there is file in tho
Office of the Clerk OF the District Court in and for Howard
County petition Of W. j. NJ Ryan, asking decree OF
said that you he made parties defendant and that
the interest of said plaintiffs being undivided fourth
part the undivided half part of the following described
prelnss TO wit the south east quarter of section thirty
four in TOWNSHIP rine, and thirty acres oil the north
end of the half of the north east quarter 81 section three
in township nney cght, all in range eleven west in How
ard county Iowa. be ascertaned and set apart that said
plaintiffs have the absolute controa thereof And for
such other and further relief may seem just and equt
able And that unless you appear thereto and defend on
otl second day of the next term of said
be held in and fer SKID county your default will he
entered and decree made III accordance with the prayer
of said petition. n26voil
NOBLE & RECkWITH
CLARK CLARK,
Solicitors for Plfs
New Oregon plaindealer. (New Oregon, Iowa) 1859-1866, 1862-03-14

GEN. GRANT has been promoted to the
rank of Major General, and the croaking
correspondents who have of late sneered at
him from Cairo will probably now be fore
most in heralding his praises. Let it not be
forgotten that Gen. Mcclellan has planned
the campaign achich has produced such gloi-
ous results, and to which-whcn the proper
time has come-he will give the coup de grace
ending the military existence Of the rebellion
Neg York Commercial idrertiScr
New Oregon plaindealer. (New Oregon, Iowa) 1859-1866, 1862-03-14

"SuoULD AuLD AcaUAlNTANcE,'
Nc.-ln returning our thanks to Hon.
Emry Davis Of the n. Y. Legislature
for the report Of the Sup't Of Public IN
struction, our mind recurs to old and
cherished associations in the past to
the time when as boys we met in the
school-room, where mind grappled with
mind in the investigation of Science; to
the time when, in the lvceum--the TO-
rum for youthful inteilects we met for
discussion and mental improvement.
Nor are we less satisfied in thasc pleas
ing reflections, than in recurring to the
Report. to find it the emanation Of the
brain of an esteemed school-mate and
friend, Hon. Emerson W. Keyes-a
long-lost companion and associate of our
youthful school-boy days. And in CON-
pairing this we'll written report of u
thoroughly digested system of common
school education, with that of our own
State, and its lack Of system and al.
aptability to the wants Of the people,
We find nothing to lower the esteem
in which we have in our memory treas
ured up the worth, moral and mental
Of its accomplished author.
New Oregon plaindealer. (New Oregon, Iowa) 1859-1866, 1862-03-14
TIE OBJECT OF THE VAR.

On the 3rd of March Mr.. HOLMAN
submitted to the House of Representa-
tives and moved the adoption of the
following resolution, calling the previ-
Gus question on its adoption
Rcsolred, That, in the Judgment of this
House, the unfortunate civil war into which
Il e government of the United States has been
forced by the reasonable attempt of the
southern sscessionists to destroy the Unien
should not be prosecuted for any other pur-
pose than the restoration Of the authority OF
the constitution and that the welfare of the
whole people Of the United States is perma-
nentIy involved in maintaining the present
form Of government under the constitution,
without modification or change.
Mr. LovEJoV-i move to lay that resolu-
ton on tie table.
Mr. HoLNAN--I ask for the yeas and nays
npon that motion.
The yeas and nays being ordered the
resolution was laid on the tai lie, 60 vo-
ting in the affirmative and So on the
negative. An analysis Of the vote
shows that no Democrat by his vote an
nounced that he was striving for any
other form of government Tran the one
under which we have grown to be
among the nations of the earth what we
were as unit /; it also diseioses the
fact that y Republicans, rising above
the bebests Of party were with the Dem
ocrats, anxious for the restoration Of
the Union in it's pristine glory !; not q
star erased, and not an unnecessary
stripe inflicted.
It also discloses the fact, unwelcomc
and lamentab!e as it is, that 90 Re
pubAcans voted against the restora-
tion ofthe Union as 1t vas formed.
Z It further discloses the fact that, in
Mass, the hot-bea Of abolitionists and
traitors, there was but one loyal Re-
New Oregon plaindealer. (New Oregon, Iowa) 1859-1866, 1862-03-14
TIE PRESIDENTS IiESS4GE.

4
Elsewhere we publish the special
MESA &c Of the President to the two
Houses Of Congress. Looking at the
message in the light of its strongest
point-opposition to general scheme
of emancipation by Congress, it has our
warmest approval. While it merely
suggests the pecuniary aid Of Congress
to purchase the slaves Of the South up
on positive offer from tie States in
which they are held, to dispose Of them
for q compensation it expressly dis
affirms the right Of the Federal Govern
ment to in any manner interfere with
the domestic relations Or institutions of
the States. But aside from this, tie
proposition to purchase the freedom of
the slaves, is as unpalatahle to the rad
ical Republicans as the system Of sla-
very itself, 1t has never cnterc,! their
philanthropic hearts to make any com
pcnsation to the southerncr, to be de-
spoiled Of his property by an uncOns;i-
tutonal act of Congress. They are the
Advocates Of a cheap philanthropy, ur.-
willing to bestow far,hing to purchase
the liberty Of their enslayed brother.
But aside from this, we doubt the
probability Of the Presidents recon-
incubation, to say nothing Of the total
absence Of power on the part Of Con
gress to become trafiickers In human
flesh for the benefit Of the Government.
In short, the message affirms the posi-
ton the Democratic party have ever
heltl--tllat Congress has no control
over the institution in any State where
it exists, upon any pretext or for any
purpose.
In the Z. S. there are nearly 5000.
0Oo Of slaves, which, ct 800 ahead.
less than half their value on m average.
would cost this government over $1,000
o0o,000-enough to baggar the whole
country. In the border slave States
alone, there are today 40, 2295 slaves,
which would cost us S176,11S,000. To
cmancipate them is to convert S,
100000 productive workers into as
many idle paupers. And the tax for
their support will be greater even than
the amount required for their emancipa-
tion. Who are to support these pau,
pers in their likeness ; for with them i,
is synonymous with freedom ? In their
native land they suhsist on the spon.
taneous productions of the earth in the
latitude Of the [. s. these supplies do
not exist,
New Oregon plaindealer. (New Oregon, Iowa) 1859-1866, 1862-03-14
COUNTY BOARD OF SUPERVI
S0RS.
Fl. AIRY SESSION.
Feb 2Sth, 1852.

Fob oSth 1852
Board called to order hv the Clerk
4, tha call IF tba roll Messrs Darrov,
v,b;ta No},, Ostr,,1sr aud R,.r.ss wore
c,,,a olsor+
On r,o.;o, IF Mr. Rsrnett Mr. por,r ,vos
o,oo..a ,h,;,,,o, n,.o ,o,a
Ch.;,uo, tho, de.,.roa Tho srs+ ,,si,os,
~ oraar 70 ho tho co,vas,;,r or vot.s for San
,to- - ra.t;o+t, So,,ton;aI n;s+n;o+ IS w.
2.o4o 81 ro.ro. oorras. c,n,,,o+oa thu ro+o
t,n>o
n yv 11.-, na;oa ...oo ,e,, u..o,
v,.,, s. ,n -
n n c,,: o;,.,+ 20, :.
w, ~ :.
r 49,, ", /.
II D N.u', ~ e
,,~,, ~ {.
-, A., -
-. ,;..n.
~,
>,
0''0'
Nv 49,. p.u, o.. .ho
''''''" r""' '"'1 paw,
p"s's'o" "a f. H. 'e"''', 'n"' ''''' D'A'''
cancel tho mortgage on the eighty acres Of
land mortcaced to the school fund, provided
New Oregon plaindealer. (New Oregon, Iowa) 1859-1866, 1862-03-14

publican-but one who preferred the
Constitution to despotism in Mich
one, in Minnesota and Iowa none, In
Cal. none, in n. II. none, in Maine
one, in Vermont and Wis. none, in Pa.
one, in Ohio three, in n. Y. one, in n.
J. two. in Ind. and Ill. each, one.
While the great States of Ohio, Pa,
n. Y. and Mass. voted against the old
Constitution, Ky, Nd, Mo-, n. J.
r. T., Tenn, and Va. by casting ma
iority of their votes against tabling the
resolution declared themselves in favor
of preserving the Constitution as form
cd, and Of transmitting our form Of gov
ernment unimpairel to posterity. Were
some patriot to rise up and offer the
same resolution in the rebel Congress,
it probably would share the same fate
it has in the federal Congress,-be laid
upon the table by those who, like their
abolition allies in the North, are con-
spring for the overthrow our Govern
meNt.
In the soodlv city Of Boston at re-
cent negro jubilee, Stephen s. Foster,
a sympathiser with ''the degenerate six
ty" who voted against so conducting the
war as to restore the Union, said J.:
I'VE have something else to DO besides CIV
ing the negro his freedom. We must put him
into the Senate. and drnit him into our So
cial circles. We have got 20 swallow the ne
gro whole, with all the wool IN HIM. When
we can do that, then we shall have the mil
lenium, and not til then. If we are not pre-
pared to do this, we hal better fight on the
Confederate side. He would not support the
Government in its present position. He had
enleavored to dssuade every young man from
enlist:ng. telling them that they We're gong
to fight for slavery"
We respectfully ask Mr.. Seward to
provide for this ''sixty,' at some asylum
for the unfortgnate blind and insane of
the country and that as fast as their
eyes may be opened, or their reason re-
stored, to guard against the dangers of
their habitual blindness and periodical
insanity, they be sent to his basti'e in
Fort Lafayette, to be arraignel, triel,
convicted and condemned, by an out
ragged. betrayed and indignant people,
for their treason against the hopes OF
the world and that this outraged peo-
pie, in just punishment for their DELHI
crate cvil-loing, lying, lust and treach-
cry, should exile them to Hades, where
they may enjoy with Judas Iscariot,
Dantc's last depth Of Inferno
New Oregon plaindealer. (New Oregon, Iowa) 1859-1866, 1862-03-14
Supporting the Negroes.
A Massachusetts firm is now enc

A Massachusetts firm is now engas-
ed by the government in filing Con-
tract for three thousand pair of shoes
for the negroes at Fortress Monroe. and
it is announced that an officer is ia
Washington for the purpose of obtain
ing supplies for the three thousand nc
groes at Port Royal.
Woull it no: be better if the negroes
were left to ia Ike care Of themselves and
the money a: propriat d to support them
invested for the relief Of the families Of
volunteers, thousands Of whom are suf-
fering for the want Of the 0ecessarics
of life ? Are Negroes more deserving
of the support Of government than
white people Are the people to be
taxed to clothe and feed the negroes of
the South in order to crafty the wish
es Of the Abolitionists, while many of
the families Of our gallant soldiers are
almost starving ?-Galena Courier.
New Oregon plaindealer. (New Oregon, Iowa) 1859-1866, 1862-03-14
To BurtleU &. Bros.-GENrLEMEN

YOU hereby notified that there Is ON file IN the
office the Clerk ofte District Court in and for Howard
county, a petition of H. W. Hunt Co.. claiming OF you
the of four hundred and seventynne and 26l0o dol
lars with per cent interest thereon from Sept 4th 1901
as justly them from you your promssory note And
that unless appear thereto and defend before noon
of the second day of the next term of said court to be held
in and for said county, your default will be entered and
Judgment rendered against you thereon according to prayer
of said petition MO v3t4
New Oregon plaindealer. (New Oregon, Iowa) 1859-1866, 1862-03-14

P. S. Advertisers not finding
their advertisements in this num-
Der are notified that one of our
forms containing their favors were ac-
cidcntly picd just rs we were going to
press. This will delay our next issue
but we will be all right iaa week Or two.
New Oregon plaindealer. (New Oregon, Iowa) 1859-1866, 1862-03-14

ORDERS for the various sizes of shot filled
" promptly and warranted. Terms cash
liberal discount to the trade Address :
Dubuque Shot Manufacturing Company.
|no6v3y1 Dubuque 10 va
New Oregon plaindealer. (New Oregon, Iowa) 1859-1866, 1862-03-14

Col. MARsH-the Illinois Colonel who so
Distinguished himself at the battle of Fort
Donelson is Il Democrat. whom the Abolit-
ion Congressman from Illinois, Owen love
joy, tried to deprive of the command of his
regiment So is General Grant Democrat
So is Gen. NcClcrnanl. So IS Gen Smith
whom the Chicago Tribune aspersed as q
traitor and r;dicn,el by calling HAN 'padu.
can Smith, OEa!l the officers who mani
tested the sincerity Of their patriotism at Fort
Denclson by feats worthy Of honorable rec
ord there does not appear the name of one
AbolItionist, while there are many who, in
civil life, would be, and had been. stigmatizcd
as secessonists Ly cowardly Abolitionists.-
Dubuque Herald.
New Oregon plaindealer. (New Oregon, Iowa) 1859-1866, 1862-03-14

The Atlantic Monthly with its usual
rich and varied matter is received, It's
cost is three dollars per annum, and
cheap at That. Published at Boston,
Mass.
New Oregon plaindealer. (New Oregon, Iowa) 1859-1866, 1862-03-14
DOUGLAS & DVKLEY,
MsGresor, lewa, March l,t. 1861.
I79tfl
To Daniel ID No5le.-SlR ::

YOU are HEREBY notified that thcr. Is le in IN,
office of the Clerk Of the District Court IN and for Howard
County petition of Sarah j. sherman claiming OF you thn
of hundred and thirty dollars with interest t"r"
at the rate Of ten per cent per anrnn from June Zl~t
ISIS cSs 50 and 80 100 u,oredl Justly due her from
You your pron>s-Ory notes. And that uHes you
appear thereto and defend before OF the second
day Of the Of TO be held in and for ~a!
county your default will be entered and jusnt Mt rendered
t thereon for the amount claimed with interest
and costs OF suit. n2jv;stt]
CLARK & CLARK, PlM. Attys
New Oregon plaindealer. (New Oregon, Iowa) 1859-1866, 1862-03-14

E. E. Cooley Esq, P. NJ. at DEBORAH
is entitled to the thanks and gratitude
of our people for bringing the mail up
to this place on Saturday last.
New Oregon plaindealer. (New Oregon, Iowa) 1859-1866, 1862-03-14

SEwARD's LE1TRES De CAcHEr The New
York World takes occasion TO express its OPP
inion Of Secretary Stewards system of polit-
cal arrests as fellows:
These letters tie caclet were An unheard-ot
thing in any country not rNlcd by despot
Never lel0re. since the Rarrons cxacted Mag
va Charta at Runnymede, did the Anglo
Saxon race submit to srch IN assumption OF
power. The fact. extraordinary rs it Is. is
inc0ntroN crtibie, that the AM r'can Secre-
tary OF State has exercised o power in immur-
ing american citizens, without Judicial war
rant or trial hich ne ither Charles |. nor
James II. in tie utmost stretch Of their royal
rrerogative. ever burst attempt, though the
one i arbitrary acts which cost HIM his
heat. a@i The other lid arbitrary acts which
20 81 HIM his throne"
New Oregon plaindealer. (New Oregon, Iowa) 1859-1866, 1862-03-14

The Ladies' Repository for March is
full up to it's standard of choice Litera.
ture. Its leading article -" Mary Queen
of Scots"-prefaced with a fine steel
engraving is worth to any subscriber
the cost Of the number. 1t contains no
sensation items, which makes it emf
neutly fit for the family circle. Sub
scribers will address W. NJ. Dough-
ty, "gt. Chicago ILL.,, enclosing 81. for
one wear.
New Oregon plaindealer. (New Oregon, Iowa) 1859-1866, 1862-03-14
POISONED :

We have received under the frank of
Charles Sumner, and perusel his speech
on the expulsion Of Senator Bright.
The mind Of the author has become 50
poisoned with fanaticism and error that
he starts out under the delusion that be-
cause Bright, Davis, Toombs, and
Cobb. voted and acted together in the
Senate, they are traitors alike. Ifthis
be good logic, then not only may every
Democrat be expelled from that body,
bnt those who elected them, knowing
their opinions are guilty of treason, up
on this er post facto principle.
But in answer to 30 grave charge as
this, initiating as it does against the
entire Democratic party, we may point
this traitor Sumner, to the immense ar
nv, FIVE seyenths of whom are Demo
Gratis, now struggling to sustain the
Constitution which lie and fanatical as
soclates desire never again to see re-
stored, for fear, in its restoration is in
volvel the destruction Of so UNANIMOUSLY
reasonable party as his.
No party in this country is as guilty
Of trcason-not even Jeff, Davis, Ma
son and Siidell-as the Sumner school
of politicians, Their internal doctrines
are the cause.-the rebellion only the oc
casion of their infamous teachings. Who
believes that if the old Wing party had
outlived the shock that Abolitionism in
fused into it's ranks, and smothered on
the Sectional party in 1854 at the time
of its inception, that war would eve,
have eusued between the North and the
South.