Ellsworth American. [volume] (Ellsworth, Me.) 1855-current, 1862-06-27

| cluslvely provincial, and that the supply
of raw material furnished US, SO far from
being absolutely necessary, has come in
competition with our own productions, to
their great injury.
These are the general aspects of the
working of the treaty. When we exam
inc it more particularly, and especially
with reference to the interests [ have
mentioned as being active in originating
it, we find similar results.
In 1854 We exported of our manufac-
turcd articles to the provinces, SS,034,-
800. In 1850, which is the last year
statistics have been furnished, the amount
was s6,5S2,515. Without the treaty it
is fair to presume the export of our man.
ufacturcs would have increased pari pas
su with the increase Of population; and
if so, in 1870 the export should have
been nine and half millions, or about
half more than it actually was.
The reason for this is given in the re-
port Of Mr.. Hatch, who in accordance
with the direction Of the Secretary Of the
Treasury, made an examination Of this
trade and reported upon it about two
years since. lie says that the Canadians
having accomplished an open market with
us by means of the treaty, went to work
Immediately to derive from it the greatest
possible benefit to themselves. This they
attempted in two ways: one, to bring the
trade Of the upper lakes through all their
canals anl export it either by way of
their Grand Trunk railroad to Portland
or out of the st. Lawrence. The other
was, to place heavy duty upon Ameri-
can manufactures, and thus effect the dou-
Bile purpose of cropping a large revenue
off the imports Of the United States, and
at the same time encourage the establish
ment Of domestic manufactures among
themselves.
The Canadians have certainly manifest
ed considerable ingenuity in the adoption
of measures to bring about the results
they desired. They established an in
creased tariff duties. This was an old
device. But, in addition to this they
made their rates at ra20rem, yaluing the
import at the place where it was last pur-
chased. HID Canada been one of the I
United States, the great cntrepots Of its
imports and exports would have been New
Y ork and Portland. Bat under this law
sools purchased in Europe or the West
Indies AMI coming to New York, and
thence tran,hlppel, paid duty on their
value i'll New York while the same gools, |
if imported into Canada by way Of the
st. Lawrence, paid duty on their value in
Earope or the West Indies.
BY way of aiding this law the tolls on
their canals were skiIlfliy arranged
Vessels passing through the upper or
WclIand canal paid full toll; if they con,
tinuel their voyage down through the 9TH
er canals and landed their cargo at Mon
tread OF Quebec, or carried it out Of the
st. Lawrence, ninety per cclt Of this toll
was refunded.
The canadian, have been following our
example and building canals and railroads |
Luckily, Great Britain made large con-
tributions towards the cost, bat the Prov
incc has done enough to involve Itself in
a very large debt. The public debt oil
Canada is nearly $50,o00,000, and incur
rel almost wholly on account Of the pub
lie works, and this system Of public works
Is made use Of to change the natural
coursi Of trade in the modes | have men
tioue |.
The tariffs Of Canada are given in Mr.. /
IIatch's report, They have been constant,
ly increasing until, in lsj9, they ranged
from twenty to forty per cent on our
manufactured articles. The last tariff
wa, adopted with the special view of pro-
tetting their manufactures. This was
avowcl by the members of Parliament
who passed it. They had made sure Of
the foreign markets by means Of the trca-
ty Of lS54 and throwing off all ideas of
Ii6eraity or reciprocity, determined to
make the most Of their position during
the life of the bargain.
Several marked results have followed
this course Of legislation, | will specify
them
DIMINISHED shipments of our manufac-
lures to them, as already shown in the
figures have given;
large revenues to Canada from the ar
ticlcs We sell her, and none at all to cur
Government on the articles which she sells +
us. In 1871 We received : ,243, 403 for
duties on goods imported from Canada.-
Now We do not obtain enough to pay the
revenue officers along the lines. Ga the
other hand, Canall taxes 20 to 40 per
cent. on sohe eight or ten millions Of
goods she imports from US, collecting an-
nually nearly two millions of dollars;
The rapid growth of manufacturing cs-
Establishments in Canada. Mr. Hatch says
they now manufacture almost everything,
from shoe peg to a locomotive engine.
Mr.. Ward, in his report from the Com
mittee on Commerce, says that citizens Of
Rochester and BuilAlo have transferred
their manufacturing Establishments into
Canada in consequence of these diserim-
inatiols. may add that the same thing
has occurred in New England. Foreign
hides pay duty if used in the United
States. If exported to Canada there is
Il drawback and tanned there and made
into shoes, they are protected from COM
petition with our manufactures by duty
Of 20 per cent. Lynn shoemakers are
taking the advantage of this new order of
things, and are putting up shops in Mon
treal. Maine lumbcrmen are going to
Canada and New Brunswick to avail
themselves Of the special advantages those