Indiana State sentinel. (Indianapolis, Ind.) 1861-1865, 1862-09-29

companies your letter meets ny approva and shall be
my care not TO violate or disregard it in any part
ANY one who sees proper to pursue this point
further than we have limits to elucidate it, will
find the colonies in giving authority to their del
egates to the colonial Congress, TO bind them 10
a uniform mode of action and declarations-as
the Declaration of Independence itself-reServed
to themselves, as in the case of Maryland, ''the
sole and exclusive right of regulating the inter-
nal government and policy of the colony to the
people thereof"
So in the formation of the "Articles of Con-
federation, y in 1871, by the second article:
Each State retains its sovereignty freedom and nde-
pendence and every power, jurisdiction and right which
is not by this Confederation expressly delegated to the
United States in Congress asSembed-l Rec StafHe, f
Z.
These "Articles" were found insufficient, be-
cause trade, commerce, and many other ques-
tions were left under the control of each State,
whereas more general control by the Federal
Government was deemed essential. Therefore,
at the instance of commissioners appointed to
regulate trade, the Congress recommended the
assemblage of the Convention which formed the
original part-not the twelve amendments, of our
Constitution.
Upon being informed of the probable change
in the form of Government, Mr.. Jefferson, who
was then minister to France, wrote August 4,
1877, to E. Darlington:
Ny general plan would be t. make the States
everything connected with foreign nations, and several
everything purely domestic Also Litter TO Mr.
Wytte, SEPT 1871, 1871.
The work of this Convention was submitted
TO Conventions in the several States. In adopt
ing it various amendments were insisted upon
Some of them upon the suggestion of Mr.. JEFF
ferson. His objection was that there was no suf-
ficient bill of rights.
Providing clearly and without the aid of sophism for
of rpliu Of he DreSS clio
against standing armies the eternal and unremttng force
of the heGJUs corpus law and trial by jury-LteJ TO
M. M1disOa, Dec. 2OtA, l7s7.
These objections were urged in the Virginia
Convention by Patrick Henry (see vol. FL
liott's Debates). with an eloquence never sur
passed. The Congress to which the Constitu-
ton and proposed amendments were submitted
therefore, recommended amendments-ten were
then adopted, many of which are in the nature
of declarations of the rights of the people and
the States, and limitations of the powers of the
Federal Government. See amendments r. s.
p. 33.
1t was supposed that certain rights were there
by secured from any infringement by the General
Government:
First. The freedom of speech, of the press
and of the right of the people to assemble aud
petition for the redress of grievances.
Second. The right of freedom from arrest, or
from search of houses, or seizure of papers, nm
less upon warrant regularly issued.
Third. The right to a speedy public trial. by
a jury of the State, after Indictment by Grand
Jury, on all charges of capital or infamous
crime.
Fourth. "The powers not delegated TO the
United States by the Constitution, nor prohibited
by it to the States, are reserved to the States re-
spectively, or to the people"
Thus it is seen that the Democratic party, and
Webster and we iCrlt ~ tn he
ton to the States of the sole power over their
internal affairs; and also as to the point that
''the Federal Government is one of delegated
powers. All powers not delegated to it, or in
hibited to the States, are reserved to the States
or to the people" ii Peters Reports Supreme
Court United States. I6 Peters 539. In which
it is determined that each State might, by law,
declare slaves, held in other States, and coming
into their jurisdiction free, under their exclusive
right to regulate their internal affairs, if it was
not that the control over that question-of fugi-
tive slaves-was expressly delegated to the Fed
eral Government, and was. therefore, not re-
served to the States.
SECTIONAL PARTIES.
In open disregard of the Constitution, and of
all these well settled and vital principles, there
have been in the Northern, or free States, for
TWENTY-FIVE years, organizations under various
names, Anti-Slavery Societies, The Liberty
Party-Free Democracy-Free Soilers-Emi-
grant Aid Societies-Abolitionst and finally,
the name now assumedis is Emancipation Leagues.
Among the proceedings of the American
Anti-Slavery Society" at their annual meeting
the lst of Nav, 1874 NAV be found res
olutiOns, declaring that "every act done in favor
of the American Union rivets the chains of the
slave;" and again, that "The AbOlitioniSts of
this country should make it one of the primary
Il =. 4. Il
Union" See New York Observer Nav 2 1914
Wendell Phillips was in that meeting, and there
fore could well say, in his speech during the last
winter at Washington City, that he had labOred
nineteen years to drive fifteen States out of the
Union, and from the delivery of which he was
invited to the White House by the President, and
to the floor of the Senate by the Vice Presi-
dent.
They have all aimed at one object, which can
be no better described than by quoting from
speech of Mr.. Clay, of the 9TH of Feb. 1889.
With this class the immediate abolition Of slavery in
the District Of Columbia and IN the Territories the pro-
hibton of the of slaves from state to State and
refusal TO admit any State comprising within its
limits the institution Of domestic slavery, are but so
many cOnducmg TO accomplishment Of the ul-
innate. but perOus end a. which they avOwedlv aim
are but many short in the long bloody
% the distant goal az which they would finally arrive.
Their purpose is abolition universal abOlitiOn-peaceable
if IT can, forcible if it must
The object of these people was to dissolve the
Union, as much so as any secessiOnist of the
South, as witness their resolutions at Conven-
ton held in the city of New York, in 1889 to-
wit:
WHEREAS, The dissolution of the present nglorious
Union between the free and the save would
suit in the overthrow of slavery, the consequent
formation Of another government without the incubus of
slavery; therefore,
Res'lced That we inv tie free correspondence with
the isdnoRsts OF the SOUTH in order upon the
most suitable means to bring about desirable result
So Andrew johnson, in a speech at Columbia,
Tennessee on the I'd of June, 1862, said:
Both Secessionists and aboitionsts in favor of
dissolution of the Union.
These unhallowed, illegal organizations pro-
duced their counterparts in the South; as South
ern Conventions, Border Rufians, and finally
Secessionists.
We do not propose TO discuss the relative mer-
its of these societies, or TO intimate an opinion
as TO which of them has reached the deepest into
the profound depths of degradation and crime
It has been debateable question with mOraliSts
and law writers, as to which is the most culpable
the man that incites to, and causes the commits
sion of, a crime, or the one that commits it.
These organizations were in disregard of the
creed of Jefferson, the teachings of the fathers
and the provisions of the Constitution, which
were introduced TO secure unity of sentiment as
well as policy.
They were the crooked paths-the remote
causes leading to these troubles, and against
which we had been warned.
First, by WASHINGTON:
In contemplating the causes which may disturb our
Union, 1t a matter of concern, that ground
should have been furnished for characterzi1g parties
geographical and Southern,
Atlantic and Western; whence designing men may en-
deavor excite belief that there is real difference Of
local interests and views One Of the eNpednts of par
~ to acquire influence within particular districts, is
msreprescnt the opinions and aims Of other districts
You cannot shield yourselves too much against the e J.
oues and heartburnins which spring from these mis-