davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Memphis daily appeal. [volume] (Memphis, Tenn.) 1847-1886, 1861-04-26
DcflnItfons of War Terms-- DeHir
able Information.


In these warlike times the following from
the Scientific .fmerioan will be read with in
tersst;
The columbiad or paiXhsn pronounced pay
zan) is a large gun designed principally Tor
firing shsils-it being Tar more accurate than
the ordinary shot mortar. A mortar is very
short cannon With a large bore, some Of them
thirteen inches in diameter, for firing shells.
Those IN use ia our army are set a. a q angle
OF 45 degrees, and the range a shells 10 varied
BIZ altering the charge OF powder. The shell
Is caused 70 explode a. Just about the tine that
it strikes, bv means OF fuse, the length ot
which is adjusted to the time Of flight 20 be
occupied BY be bsil, which, Of course, cor
responds with the range.
The accuracy with which the time Of the
burning 81 a fuse can be adjusted by varying
its lsngth is surprising, good sItllerists gen.
orally succeeding in having their shells explode
almost az the exact instant o. striking 10
iaadfna q mortar the she'll is carefully placed
With the fuse directly for vard, and when the
ofrce fs discharged, the shell iE So completely
snrelopei with flame that the fuse is nearly al
wevs i7ed Tne fuse Is made By filling q
wooden cylinder with fuse powder, the cyiin-
der bsiag Of sufficient length for the longest
renFe, to be Gu. down shorter for sh rler
ranges. as required. A DshigreeB gun is an
ordinary cannon, except that il is made very
hick al the breach, FOR some three or four
feet, when It tspers down sharply 70 less than
TIE usual size Tnis form was adopted IN con-
sequence Of the experimsu Of Capt. Dahl
Green, q the T. S. navy, haging shosn that
when a gun bursts il usually gives way az the
breech.
The Niagara Is aEned with these guns, and
I al the BreoklYn navy yard there are sixty
! weighing about nine thousand pounds each
! and six Of twelve thousand pounds weight
I each, the former Of which are capable OF car
rying nine inch, and the latter ten inch shells
/ q distance Of two or three miles; and there q
one gun Of This pattern which weighs io,slo
pounds, and is warranted to send an eleven
: inch shell -FOUR miles. A easement IS stone
roof 10 fort, made sufficiently thick TO resist
the force It cannon balls, aud easement gur
IS one which is placed unler easement. 4
s.rbetts is one which is placed on the top II 4
I fforffcation. An embrasure - the hole o.
opening through which guns are fired froH
fortfcations Lsop holes are openings in thi
. I e. -aH~ H1.
Memphis daily appeal. [volume] (Memphis, Tenn.) 1847-1886, 1861-04-26

oERTIFIcATEa.
We the undersizned have had sur dreplaees set VII.
Dcdgs's patent setting Crates and We ena NE rol
better warmed with less fuel than sAsy Wsre seioI
It's adoptisn and take pleasure In reesm y
citizens generally fer the esateIt II A-sAlps 80
It's economy in tie aenaEmpton - oeel
Thomns James Flanie5 ShAries Fs1.I,
J. L. Morgan, s-..sl ? 49,
2 nil J. g. Fihaia.
n can J. J. hurpAey,
Z vrboousrsr Morgan BALDWIN.
Memphis daily appeal. [volume] (Memphis, Tenn.) 1847-1886, 1861-04-26

HAVING associated with a. Dr.. D. T. SCOTT, for
n merry 81 HashvIe, prepared 70 afer o eur
friends and the public additional facilities IN the cou-
duct OF our business and with increased uilgeue- N
the discharge 81 datiss hope n merit c0ntia-
Of that patronage heretofore literally extended
10 rs. Below present q pJriJu Of The property
plseed at disposal.
The weekly Ottumwa courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1857-1872, 1861-12-04

Uses for the future. There are already among
US those who, if the <Unin be preserved,
will live 10. see II contain 260, 100000. The
struggle Of today is not altogether for TO-
day. 1t is for . vast future also, with firm
reliance on Providence, all the more firm
and earnest, let as proceed in the great'task
which events have desolved upon US. ~
fSigned) ABRAHAM LINCOLN.
WARRINGTON, Dec. Sd, 1861. ,
The weekly Ottumwa courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1857-1872, 1861-12-04

the law Of Congress enacted at the late ses-
sion for closing the ports, also obeying the
dictates ofprudence as well as the obligations
of law, instead oftranscending.
have adhered to he act Of Congress. to
confsclte property used for insurrectionary
p irposes Ifa new law upon the same sub
jet shall be proposed, its propriety will be
duly considered, The Union must be pre-.
Sc we'd, and hence all defensible means must
be employed. We should not be in haste to
determine what radical and external meas
ures, which may reach the loyal as well as
the disloyal. are indispensable. The Inau.
gural address at the beginning Of the Ad
ADMINISTRATION. and the Message to Congress at
the late special session, were both devoted to
the domestic controversy out Of which the
insurrrection snl consequent war, have
sprung Nothing now occurs to add or sub
tract from the principles OF general purposes
stated and expressed in those documents
The last ray Of hope for preserving the Un-
ion peaceably, expired at the assault upon
Fort Sumter, and general roview of what
has occurred since may be Improbable
What was painfully uncertain then, is much
better defined and more distinct now, and
the progress of events is plainly in the right
direction.
The insurgents confidently claimed strong
support from north of Mason and Dixon's
line. and the friends Of the Union were not
free from apprehension on this point. This
however, was soon settled, definitely, and
on the right side, south Of the line. noble
little Delaware led off right from the first
Maryland was made to seem against the
Union. Our soldiers were assaulted, bridges
were burned, and railroads tpsn up within
her limits, and we were many days at one
time without the ability TO bring a single
regiment over her soil to the Capital. Now
her bridges and railroads are repaired and
opened TO the Government. She already
gives seven regiments to the cause Of the
Union, and none to the enemy, and her peo-
pie Mt regular election have sustained the
Union by larger majority and larger az.
gre.nte -n.a, than the- e-cr.b,for, gay, {,
The weekly Ottumwa courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1857-1872, 1861-12-04

There are three vacancies ON the Bench oil
the Supreme Court. two by the deceaee of
Justices DAME! and Mclean. and one by the
RESIGNATION of Justice Campbell. have so
far fOrbnre making nominations TO fiji these
vacancies. for reasons which I will now
state Two efthe outgoing Judges reside
within the States now overtFrown nv revolt
50 that If successors were appointed in the
same localities they conld rot serve upon their
circuits. and manv Of the most competent
men there probably would rot take the per-
sonal hazard Of accepting to serve even here
upon the Supreme Bench. have
been unwilling to throw all the appoint
ments northward, thus disabling myself from
doing Justice to the South on the return OF
peace. although may remark that to trans.
fer to the North one who has heretofore been
in the South. would not with reference to the
territory and population he unjust. During
the long and brilliant Judicial career Of
Judge Mclean. his circuit grew into an EN-.
pire. altogether tn large for anv onn Judge
to give the courts more than nominal atten-
dance, rising in population from $4,000 in
1881 to 6, ISL .4O5 in 1880.
Besides this, the country has generally
outgrown our present judicial system. If
uniformity was at all intended, the system
required that al the States shall he arcom
'nodated with Circuit Courts attended nv
Supreme Judges, while, in fact. Missouri
Minnesota, Iewa. Kansas, Florida. Texas
California and Oregon have never had anv
such Courts. nor can this he well remedied
without change ofthe system. because tho
adding Of justices to the Supreme Court.
enough for the accommodation OF all parts Of
the country with Cilcnit Courts. would ere
ate a Court altogether Zoo dangerous for in.
dicial body of any sort, and the evil If il he
one that will increase A new States come
into the Union. Circuit Courts arc useful.
or they are not usefu' 'fusen', NJ State
The weekly Ottumwa courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1857-1872, 1861-12-04

requires that we should commit no bellg
crcnt act not founded in strict right, sane
Z toned by public law. recommend that ar
appropriation be made to satisfy the reason
able demands of the owners of the ycsse
for her detention.
sn f'repeat the Recommendation Of my pre-,
decessor, in his annual Message to Congress
in December Hast, in regard to the DISPOSE
ton Of the surplus which will probably re
maid after satisfying the claims Of Amcri
b. can citizens against China, pursuant to the
N awards Of the Commissioners Under the act
OF tie, 3D. of March, 1882, IL, however, il
shonld not be deemed advisable to carry the
Recommendation into effect I would suggest
r that authority he given for investing the
Il principal, oyer the surplus, referred to, in
good securities, with a view to the saiisfac.
ton of such other claims Of our citizens
against China as are not unlikely to arise
ID hereafter in the course Of our extensive trade
with that empire. ssaaa;
BY ting act Of the 9Th Of August last,
Congress authorized the President to in
stract the commanders of suitable vessels
to defend themselves against and to capture
privateeFs. This authority has been exer-
ciSed in q single instance only. For the
more etPectual protection Of our extensive
81 and valuable commerce. in the EASTERN seas
especially. it seems to me that it would also
ne advisable to authlrise the commanders of
sailing vessels to recaptnre ony prizes which
pirates may make OF United States vessels
q and their cargoes. and consular courts es
tablshcl by law inpeastern countries, to ad
judica.e the cases, in the event that this
should not be objected to by the local ei-
tlorities.
Ifany good rca on exists why we should
perscvere longer in Withholding orr rccog
milton of the independence and sovereignty
of Hayti and Liberia, am unable to dis
Germ it. Unwilling, however to inaugnrate
y. naval policy in regard to them without
the appreciation of Congress. submit for
your consideration The expcdicncy Of an ap-'
l,roprirtsn for maintaining Charge DAT.
fairs near each of those States. 1t does not
admit of doubt that important commercial
advantages might he secured by favorable
treaties with them. f
The opcrati n, OF the Treasury during the
period which has eap>e,i since your adj
! urnment have been conducted with signal
: access. Tue patriotism Of III, people has
Ilacsd at IT, disr sal Of 4 Q government the
The weekly Ottumwa courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1857-1872, 1861-12-04


number of persons mingle their own labor
with capital; that is they labor with their
own hands, and also buy or hire Others to
labor for them. But this is only mixed
and not distinct class. No principle
stated is disturbed by the existence of this
mixed class. Again, AS has already been
said, there is not of necessity, any such
thing as the free hired laborer being fixed in
that condition for life. Many independent
men everywherc in these States, q few years
hack In their lives were hired laborers. Tie
most pru lent, Pennies laborer in the world
labors for wages awhile and saves surplus
with which to buy tools or land for himself,
he then labors on his own account and at
length hires another new beginner to help
him. This is the ju9t and generous and
prosperous system which opens the way to
all, gives hope to all, and the consequent
energy, progress, and improvement Of the
condition Of all. No men living are more
worthy to be trusted than those who toll up
or on from poverty-none less inclined to
take or trench ought which they have not
earned, let them beware Of snrrende,1ng
q politicsl power which they already pos
sess, and which ifsurrendered, will surely
be used to close the door Of advancement
against such as they, and to fix new disa-
abilities and burdens upon them, until all OF
liberty shall he lost. III aa
From the first taking ofour National Gen.
sus to the last are 70, years, and we find our
population at the end Of the period, eight
times a. great as ii was in the beginning. -
The increase Of those ether things which
men deem observable, have even been great
er. We thus have at one view what the
popular principle applied to Government,
through the machinery Of the States and
tho Union, has produced in g;ven time,
and also. ~, I, 'f8rm'y ma'nsa;nei II pr N
The weekly Ottumwa courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1857-1872, 1861-12-04

,oo;,..;, tba JJn;oa -. ...c, 81 =,
aa',nsa &c ~ o.a 80 noi sausneu "i'n .he
.os,,mad th. ;,n"nr, o Inv, no nuans.', mas
aao..n. 80 e.. u :. olsaniA"s
..:n ~ ~. ~, "ne oc,'c' PROFIT
ana,,,a os Van.n.t pop =; anu .h noe.y " l,,e
800 ,ad S;,, "nu ahs unaetsaN.
~ 49, - an la;m,;, DuA.or, VINO Is NOT
.sayy 5aass 80 $751;, ~ .a... ~ nae put IN
ha.daa tho md;ans 'I Te,. ""o uIee
.;mas h.d go na,,ant aaa,. ue ~ me-
aa.iaraa hw ,s s p;op'o ~ nsas"cny
a,,,i -, 'aauo 49, p:. "o.aue' sie
sftsr ,ransa csds ~ co. w. MA - s .un
tharr Ransh,;o ~ .nu ~ Sa.u oou
al '.,aclarp,;ons foS ,ha Ta;a.s .s; .ies.
Ion of ,ba ,pa,, rnawr sa,,.;.an =, ~ T Wi
tmcLv tav hoa hnsm .oId ~ 49, fAvn.
t,onyent;oy and ~ the s.u q sae
Confsdsracv was ~ rad 5 csn,u u'n aa
no,;.,o ~anj - n,o.so. ~. . 49,. .on' uos.
re-c deca;yod W. wo.a. "a i IN, ~ a''T VIZ
n,;vo If tb;s caIled Son,harn WY 49,
80 II was intended - rssna np o oana;.;a
~ Kontncky wh;eh 4, ~. o,a,. ,,,,
not he done bv tho Cnvar.Xpa,. ~ ~ IT.:
ted States ' - NV w
The Union men Of Kentnckv novs, ala
denv the right Of the federal goyern man, ~ -
The weekly Ottumwa courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1857-1872, 1861-12-04

Offices. The cash receipts from the sales OF
public lands. during the last year have ex-
cceded the expenses of our land system only
about 100000. The sales have been en-.
t:rely suspended in the Southern States,
while the interruptions to the business of
the country, and the diversions of large
numbers Of men, from labor to military SER
vice, has DISTRACTED settlements in the new
States and Territories of the Northwest
The receipts ofthe Patent Office have de-
clined in nine months, about $lO0, 900, rem
dering large reduction of the force employ
ed, necessary, to make it self sustaining.
The deman Is upon the Pension Office will
be lart ely increase by the resurrection. Nu-
merous applications for pensions, based up
OH the casualties of the existing war, have
already besn made There is reason to be.
lievc that many who are wv upon the PEN
sion roll, and in receipt of the bounty Of the
Government, are in the ranks of the insur-
gent army, or giving them aid and comfort
The Secretary Of the Interior has directed
the suspension of the payments of the PEN
sions Of such persons. Upon proof of their
disloyalty, recommend that Congress au-
thorize that officer to cause the names of
such persons to be stricken from the Pen.
sion roll. .,s
sThe relation Of this government with the
Indian tribes have been lately disturbed by
the instruction, especially, in the southern
superintendenre. and in that of New Mexico
The Indian country south of Kansas is in
possession of insurgents from Texas and
Arkansas The agents ofthe q. S. appoint
ed since the 4th Of March. for this superin-
tendency, have been unable to reach their
posts, while the most of those who were in
Office before that time have espoused the IN
snrrectionary cause and assumed to exercise
the powers Of agents by virtue Of commits
sions from the i,isurrectonists. has been
stated in the public press that portion of
these Indians have been organized as a
military force and are attached to the army
of the insurgents. Although the government
has no official information upon the subject,
letters have been written to the Commission
or of Indian Affairs by several prominent
Chiefs, giving assurance Of their loyalty to
the United States and expressing the wish
for the presence of the federal forces, the
Indians will readily cease all hostile demon
STATIONS and resume their former relations
to the government. 10 a
Agriculture, con sssedly the largest in
f.. est Of tho nation, has not department or
, 1861-01-03

ritorlcs- particularly 10 al future Southe7"
acquisition cf territory. Even all these mon-
strous Claims granted would not satisfy the
members from majority Of the Cotton states,
who are disunionists pr *. They want 10 cut
the ligamcnts TINT hold the Union together
and set up separate confedcracy. i.
4 proposition will be made in the Penn:yl-
yanin Legislature to vote thrts millions Of dol
lars, raise fifty thousand men, arm the militia,
and put the State on war footing. The old
Keystone is aroustng like a lion from his lair
to crush dsuniou. What is Illinois, the
young giant of the West, going to do?
George Briggs and john Cochranc called OIL
the President this evening, III regard to the
rumor that ho WAS going to remove the garri
SOU from Fort sumptcr and reprimand Antltr-
sou. They found him ycry crusty and unaulIs-
bic. lie said that he condemned Anderson :;
that hc was not going to reinforce him, nor
rc-takc the captured forts aud other govern
rucnt property II the lands Of the rebels: Int
he would send in special message to Cox
,rcss tomorrow. What it would contain hc
did not inform them. Tho two doughfaces
came away perfectly lisyusted with the old
traitur. They are fast coming over to the Re-
publican side, and say they are ready to fight
for the Union, the Constitution and The en-
forcc1ncnt Of the laws, ind that this rebellion
:oupt be met and put down. There is great
stitching up within few days Oh the part Of
ti1nid Northern men. CHICAGO.
, 1861-01-03

Our Washington letters, printed here
with, speak with no disguise Of the rrcpa-
raions which wil' soon bc matlc.in Penn
sylyania, New York and New England for
the organization Of bodies Of armed men
for the assertion and maintenance Of the
national platform on which all Northern
citizens, save 4 few traitors and fanatics,
now stand, viz: The Constitution, the
Union, and the Enforcement of the Laws
We are glad to see the work go on; and
VIC trust that i'll whatever else Illinois may
be remlss, snc will not FAIL ut the proper
time, and in legal manner, to take such
wise precautionary measures as the exl-
gency demands. We arc flooded will, let
tiers and communications, appealing to The
Governor elect tn do I'LL that his station
permits to insure the reorganization Of the
militia, and the full arning Of the Stale.
The call for this is imperative; aud if we
do not urge it upon him, it is because we
are confident that ll- will gladly, patrioti-
cally, aud without prcssurc from below,
meet the wishes Of The people in this vital
matter, In the meantime, much may be
done by voluntary effort Let the young
men-those who kwcllcd the ranks Of tlle
Wide Awnkcs, the Douglas Invincibles,
an'i other organizations Of u political char
aetcr-provc by their enrolment in yolun.
tcer companies, lila: their love of popular
liberty aud self-goycrnmcnt is not extinct,
and that they IRE willing to give to tlicir
country the time thai they did not hesitate
to derote to party: The day for the dc.
fence, in The field, Of the Constitution rs il
is, and the Union as our fathers made it
may not be far Of Let not this State bt
unprcpared, happen what NAV!
, 1861-01-03

All the New England Governors will follow
suite Massachusetts, has already taken the
initiative. 1 learn to-day from the best authori-
t. that in Boston and vicinity 1000 ncn
can be put III marching order on Fl hours no.
tiec, They are the uniformed and drilled vol
unteer companies Of that portion Of the State.
Gen. Wilson says that with ten days notice,
Massachusetts can place 20, ,ooo armed, equip
ped and disciplined volunteers in this city
men who will fight as their grand-fathers
fought in defence Of Liberty and Union The
enrolled militia Of that State numbers Ia, 600
men. The financial resources of New Engl1nd
were never in better condition for an cmeFge,,-
CT, and the people arc enthusiastic in behali Of
tue Union, declaring that it shall never l'c cnr-
tailed an acre, nor an inch of it shall bc pos
scsscd by any foreign foc.'
The great Northwest is expected to do l1er
whole duty in the coming struggle, and to do
it promptly and boldly. Tue young Empire
State should set the example, Her Legislature
will be in session iu few days. Let vigorous,
comprehensive steps be taken. The question
is Union or anarchy, law and order or Tie
horrible condition OF Mexico. It may cost some
blood aud treasure to establish the Union Let
it cost more to destroy 1t. 4 wicked and un-
appcasab1e olisarchy wouid rcnd it from tur-
ret to foundation. Let them rather be made
to bite the dust The grand experiment Of
free Government must not be abandoned, nor
tue cause of American civilization be surrcn-
dcrcl to handful Of scmi-barbarous slave
whippcrs. Every patriot has Il duty to per-
G,rnA Let the irrepresstblc conalct" be set
tied now on an enduring basis, that liberty,
peace aud prosperity 1nay bic youchsafed to our
postcrity. G.1cAGo.
, 1861-01-03

The timitl, who fear that mob will pre-
vent Mr. Lincoln's Inauguration, do not
stop to think that the Inauguration ccrc-
mony at Washington is Ill invention Of the
people, who want 10 sec, III the changes oi
administration, the symbols and insignia OF
power. Il not forbidden, it is not author
ICED By the Constitution and the laws Mr.
Lincoln may take his oath Of office before
any officer in the country who is author
lied to administer an oath, whether lie be
in Washington OF Wisconsin, and he will
be clothed with 4 Presidents power rs
rightly ahd as indisrutably US if the oath
were administered by all The members ot
the Supreme Court, in the presence Of tic
assembled nation.
It is probable that mob may, before tic
day Ar. Buchanan goes out, take possession
OF Washington and compel txe-iricnss q,
the Union to clear them out Il: the point Of
the bayonet, after struggle which would
inrolre the spi'lins Of much blood; but
erca among the most rampant secession
lists, there are men enough who can sec
that the threats that Lincoln shall not lie
inauguratcd" anaoun: to nothing, ard
who will consent to m demonstration fol
that purpose alone We have no doubt
that he will bc the President Of tho Cnitctl
States and Commander Chief oil the Ar.
my and Navy, before he leaves Spring
field.
, 1861-01-03

We need only mcnliun tho fact, to awake
Indignation among those W? o Ito not read
the Chicago TINES, that that paper Of yes.
terlay had an editorial severely ccnsurins:'
Maj. Andersen for his timely and Unnecessary
occupation Of Fort Sumpter. Herein it is
a faithful but far-otf imitasor oft!'r Charles
ton Courier, whose accoun: s'f the afajos .
movement VIC print in another column.
We do not cite the 7i.ssS article 10 prove
its sympathy with tho disun:onists and trait
ors Of South Carolina, because that is well
known wherever the paper Is read; but 10
show 10 what lengths partisan hate and
malice may 60 with ;npunity i'll the North,
where Freedom s.nd Law arc the guides
and restraints Of the popular will.
, 1861-01-03

If our dispatches, this morning, may be
relied on, We have CLEANS If light and
sense from Warrington. Mr.. :chanan
has suffered himself TO be put on tic side
of the friends Of law and order, and they
arc moving in 4 way that will soon bring
the traitors 10 terms OF to Il fight. VIC
have not implici. failll in the correctness Of
these teleErapllie runors; hut they derive
confirmation from the fact that no man,
not even james buchanan, wicked, cor
Tupt and trcasounblc as he is, would have
the cffontcry to ask the people to pray TO-
morrow for the Union, without something
Oh his part Ia prove that llc is not lnocking
Heaven by the act. but let the congratu-
latlons be cautious, thougl, the prayers may
be feFyid. Alter the devotional exercises
are over, lie may lapse again into his old
ways. .Aglass more OF less Of the boastc1
whisky from which he derives consolation
for Ills troubles, may nip the country's
hopes in the bud, and stir up the disunion
cauldTon from the bottom again.