Randolph County journal. [volume] (Winchester, Randolph County, Ind.) 1855-1862, 1861-01-24

foreign, postal COMMUNICATIONS ~ nome ana
abroad, the care and disposition Of the public
domain, colonization, the organization and ad-
mission Of new States, and generally the enlarge
ment OF empire, 70 continue one nation under
our present Constitution than il would he 10
divide themselves into separate Confederacies or
States Oar country remaius now as it was in
l757, composed not Of detached and distant ter
ritories, but Of one whole we'll connected and
fertile region, lying within the temperate zone,
With climates and soiis hardly more various than
shose of France, or of I;aly. This slight
diversity quickens and amPlises manufactures
and commerce Oar rivers and valleys, as i'm
proved by art, furnish us a system of highways
unequalled in the world.
NO IRRErRHssIBLE CONFLICT BETWEEN FREE AND
SLAVE LARoR.
The different forms of labor, If slavery were
not perverted to purposes of political ambition,
need not constitute element of strife in the
Confederacy. Notwithstanding recent vehement
expressions and manifestations of intolerance in
some quarters, produced byintense partisan excite
ment. we are, in fact, homogeneous people,
chiefly OF one stock, with accessions well as
simulated. We have practically only one
language, one religion, Sne system of Govern
ment, and manners and customs common TO all.
Why, then. shall we not remain hencefosth as
hitherto, one people,
SECURITY THE FIRST 'oBJEcT OF SOCIETY.
The first object ofevery human society is safety
or security, for which, if need be- they will and
they must sacrifice every other This security is
,.af two kinds: one, exemption from foreign az
gressions and influence; the other, exemption
from domestic tyranny and ssdition. Foreign
wars come from either violations Of treaties or
domestic violence.
OUR FOREIGN RELATIONS.
The Union has thus far proved itself an almost
perfect shield against such wars. The United
States, continually enlarging their diplomatic
acquaintance, have nov treaties with France, the
Netherlands Great Britain, Sweden, Prussia
Spain, Russia, Denmark, Mexico, Rrazil, Aus
tra Turkey. Chill, Siam, Muscat, Venezuela,
Peru, Greece, Sardinia, Ecuador, Hanover,
Portugal. New Grenada, Hesse Cassel, Wurtem-
burg, China, Bavaria Saxons, Nassau, Switzer
land, Mecklenberg. Schwerin, Guatemala, the
"
Rica. Bremen. the Argentine Confederation,
Loo chco, Japan, Brunswick, Persia, Baden,
Belgium and Paraguay.
Nevertheless, the United states within their
entire existence under the Federal Constitution,
have had fragrant wars with only four States.
two of which were insignificant powers. on the
coast of Barbary, and have had direct hostlities
amounting to reprisals with only two or three
more, and they ale now at peace with the whole
world.
DIsUNioN WOULD GREATLY INCREASE THE DAN
GERS OF FOREIGN WAR.
If the Union should be divided into only two
Confedcracies, each of them would need to make
as many treaties as We have nov and, of course.
would be liable to give as ,naag causes for war
rs 1e now do. But we know, from the sad ex-
pericnce of other nations, that disintegration
once begun, inevitably continues until even the
greatest empire crumbles into many parts. Each
Confederation that shall ultimately arise out of
the ruin of the Union, will have necessity for as
many treaties as we now haze, and will incur
liabilities for war as often as we now do by
breaking them. 1t i the multiplication of trea-
ties and The want of confederation that makes
war the normal condition of society in Western
Europe and in Spanish America.
PEACE DEPENDENT on POWER.
1t is Union that. notwithstanding our world
wide intercourse, makes peace the habit of the
American people. | will descend SO low
as to ask whether new confederacies would
be able or willing to bear the grievous
expense of maintaining the diplomatic
relations which cannot be dispensed with except
by Withdrawing from foreign commercel Our
Federal Government is better able to avoid giving
just causes for war than sex era conlederacies,
because it can conform the action of all the
States TO compacts 1t can have only one con-
-truction, and only tribunal to pronounce
the construction of every treaty. Local and
temporary interests and passions, or personal
cupidity and ambition, can drive small confed-
eracies or States. more easily than great
Republic. into indscrset violations of treaties
The United States being great and formidable
power, can always secure favorable and salts.
factory treaties. Indeed, every treaty we have
was voluntarily made. Small copfederacies or
states lluSt tdht SUCH lltttitS a. tut btt.
and give whatever treaties arc exacted.
a humiliating or even unsatisfactory treaty is
a chronic cause of foreign The chapter
of wars resulting from unustifable causes, would
in case of DIVISION amplfy Itself in proportion
to the number of new confederaciss and their
rrtablity.
Our disputes with Great Britain abou, Ore
gon. the boundary of Maine. the patriot insnr.
rcctiou ir Canada and the Island Of San Juan,
the aesdcr sirifes between Texas and Mexico,
the incarsions of The late William Walker into
Mexico ana Ccn,sA America: all these we're
cases ia which war was prevented only by the
imeerturbify ct the Federal Government.
This Governments not only gives f,@,r causes OF
VAR. whether just or unjust, than smaller cons
fedcracies would bat il always has greater
sbiity 20 accommodate them by The exercise OF
more ccolness aad courage; the use u more
various and more liberal n eans. AMI the display,
II need be. OF greater force. Every one know
how plaoable we ourselves are in controversies
with Great Britain, France and Spain and yet
how exacting We have been iG ear intercourse
With New Granala. Paraguay and San .uar de
Nicaragua.
rHE SAFETY oF EACH or rhE STATE TEE sArxTr
or All. 4.
Mr. President. no one viii dispute our fore
fathers maxim that the common safety all is
the safety Of each of the States. While they re.