davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Daily intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, Va. [W. Va.]) 1859-1865, 1861-04-03
l89I

to the humblest officer, to take my oath of
once before anyzC ompeteut authority.I re-
fuse 10 take this oath. .~sg -9-l-
| am ready to be ostracised sooner than
submit to usurpation. Office has no
charms for me, that It must be purchased
lat the sacrifice of my conscience, and the
loss of2my selErespect. s..=4l
love Texas too well to bring civil
strife and bloodshed upon her. To avert
this calamity shall make no endeavor TO
maintain my authorityas Chief Executive
o. ltcis State, except by the peaceful exer-
else OF my functions. When can no
longer do this, shall calmly withdraw
from the scene, leaving the Government il,
the hands of those who have usurned It's
s9tnorlty, but still claiming that am its
Chief Executive.
expect the Consequences OF my Fefnsal
to take this OATH Ny office will be de-
ClAred vacated. If5th0ss who ostrGcise me.
VIII be but ns true to the interests of Tex
as as have endenYorcd tu be, nv PRAYERS
will attend them.
Fellow-citizens, think not that 1 COM
plnin at the lot which Providence has now
assigned me, Ii is perhaps but meet that
my career should close thus. have seen
the patriots and statesmen of mv youth,
one by one gathered TO their fathers, anil
the Government which they bad reared
rent in twain; and none like them are LEFT
to nnite 1t ouCe again. stand the last,
almost, Of 1t rhce who learned from their
lips the lessons OF human freedom b am
stricken down now because | will not
yield those principles; which have fought
Tor anu. struggled to maintain. Tile Sc
-verest Pang is, that the blow comes in the
name OF the State of Texas. deny the
power OF this Convention to speak for
Iexns. have received blows for her sake.
ana am willing to do so ngaiu
PROTEST., IN THE NAME OF THE rIOrLE
OF TEXAS, AGAINST ALL THE ACTS ASD Do-
ISGs OF THIS CoNvENTIoS, AND DECLARE
THEM NULL AND VOID. solemnly protest
against the acts of its members, who are
pound by no oath themselves, in DECLARING.
my Office vacant, because refuse to an.
pear before it and take the oath prescribed.
1t mas accomplished its mission, and its
chief object has been fulfilled. If I0
! uriYc ME from uthce and deGeut the will of
I The people is nn honor, it may wear it,
10 prevent my having an opportunity tn
| send message to the Legislature. which
meets on Monday, March ls, / am reouired
10 appear Mt its bar to-day, and take the
! test oath. Even Shylock granted the full
three days ere he claimed his pound of
/ flesh. Tue Convention prescribed that
lime as the limit, but its president has
been less gracious than Shylock, and clam
ors tor the honl ere two tinys'nrS gone. -
II am thus deprived of the poor privilege
1 OF putting upon record my sentiments,
through tile refusal on the pnrt of the Lee
gislntare to receive my message, will lay
the same before tile people, aud appeal Ia
them, as declared would do in my in
augnrai. SAN HousTOS.
Daily intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, Va. [W. Va.]) 1859-1865, 1861-04-03

FIRE AND INLAND NAVIGATION
RIsks accepted at terms consistent with soIVency and
Gtir profit.
ErreeialaiisHiiOng giren TO fniHrdneS Of IHELLLNS
aud C6HteRts for feTlS Of one 10 fee ysdTI.
The progress Of this Cooperation has been stable
sri uninterrupted through Of financial sun
shine aud storm periods eyentfuI n exempt from
sweeping cuuHsYrAtions and maritime disaster. Be
Ing long established. ona cash balis the troubles Of
ti- credit system Affect In material particular.
Daring hard timeS' tho security OF reliable Insu-
Is an imperative luty-ts ability Of property
holders to sustain loss being then much lessened.
Policies issued without delay, and nl business at
tended to with dispatch and fidelity. b.
n. C. ARTHUR, Agent,
OiicO over the bank nf Wheeling.
Daily intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, Va. [W. Va.]) 1859-1865, 1861-04-03
aen. Hea..on,. I,rot... Akaln., 81

The Hero of San Jacinto concludes his
address against Secession to the people of
Texas, as follows.
Fellow-citizeus, IN the name of your
rights and liberties. which believe have
seen tramPled upon, refuse to take this
oath. In the name of the nationality nf
Texas, which has been betrayed by this
Convention, Irefuss TO take this oath. In
the name of the Constitution of Texas,
which has been tramPled upon, refuse to
take this oath. la the name of my oWn
conscience and my manhood. which this
Convention would degrade by dragging
before it, to pandrr 10 the malice of ms
enemies, when by the Constitution the
privilege is accorded me, which belongs
Daily intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, Va. [W. Va.]) 1859-1865, 1861-04-03
SaddIeS, Harness. TRUNKS lGc.

WHOLESALE q RETAIL.
D.. SHEPPARD, No.l3I Main street. eer,.r,
pnIon' VIII continue 10 keep on hand a Rlarsssnd
OF all arteiesin his fine efnSiSt
I1s OF Lases and GentIemeu's saddles FIns z SlT
harness, Trunks VRllCes, Carpet liaes saicicis ~.
would resPectiully call attention 10 my stork and
~ stIict ention and prutnpfnesE, TO merit
i e0ntIhtUAnee y, oi the public patronage =
mar m,,nH " teIA'rlhG promptly done, and In pro
'Is ,.sI E!Sua9F' .a9 J. u. sheppard.
- -ss.- l3l, Main Street.
Daily intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, Va. [W. Va.]) 1859-1865, 1861-04-03
-. l0,II7.Tas lnaler.



Tho 81 rIs Of the crown amount to...a.455.uoO do
The royal family de-
Daily intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, Va. [W. Va.]) 1859-1865, 1861-04-03
gailg gutel1igeuetr
TRRms or ADVRRTIs5;Ii;Ni;iIa. T5;i;i;iI=

TWEIyE sOItD LlNEg on NO1PAHErI, toa ON Ion
LESS5 GAEG SaUGGE.
Daily intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, Va. [W. Va.]) 1859-1865, 1861-04-03
WHEELING, w WEDNESDAY, Ml5RNINC.

does not exist in Rna,ia The peasanrtills
all'these offices himse &c is at once lrler-
chan, nechauic and &. BE transaets
neatly the whole cqhuAt Atcfal, Industrial
and Agricultural busli of the country,
pays tWo-thirds Of de government ex-
pe9sesi and contrtbute - annual income
to his owner. eE .a1.-lII n .-t.-s-.l-
Daily intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, Va. [W. Va.]) 1859-1865, 1861-04-03


As the Russian government seems 10 Le
under the the impression that woman have
no solcs, the census does not make any
mention of them, and grants the title Of
"soul" to the men alone. II then, to these
twenty-five millions we add the women
and children, we shall rearh the figure of
fifty millions, already mentioned MS being
that exact number of serEs contained in
the Russian empire. 1t is TO this immese
populntion-larger than any within the
realm of rivilization-that the imnerIal
decree of the Sd OF this month has restored
the inalienRbIc right of individual respon-
sibility and freedom. The originator of
this measure, Alexander H., has already
placed his name next to that of Peter the
Great 10 the annals of his country: for. if
the latter established its material pfosper-
ity. the former will create its moral aud
intellectual splcndor, by raising RussitL
obscure and isolated in her semi-barbnrian
individuaity-to the level Of the most
civilized nation of Europe.
In respect to the free peasantry of Rus
sin, all tue statistics We have been able to
consult remain silent. The only record
We have found goes back to 1912. and
gives, as the amount Of enfranchised serfs
in the whole of European Russia, the in.
significant figure of 2O5,2sO souls.
Daily intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, Va. [W. Va.]) 1859-1865, 1861-04-03

SFECLI N0EIcEs Double the above rate8
AS- yearly Advertising on TeaRonable terms nccor.
ding to the space occupied and the Of changes
All sfrUm transient persons OF stranG
ers to be paid for IN adrdRee
bnanes! Cards not exceeding Te lineo SO per year
oE ~ tor SIX months but tor shorter period noihInr
VIII be counted less than \ square .
The Pr1NileSe Of Annual Advertising Is limited to
S5s Aayertlser own Immediate business; and All
we'll a. all legal advertisements and sdyeftiSenents
Of auction sales and real estate sent In by them muSl
be paid for At the nsual rates
So advertisements not accompanied with written
accordingly. s.e- h4
cases at full rates. 1FIs1 - 80 "
Marriages, Notices Of Funerals and announcements
sermons, % cents each. ll7 noylI'5s
Daily intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, Va. [W. Va.]) 1859-1865, 1861-04-03
CHARACTER OF sEnFDoM.

What is serfdom? Is it that form OF
human bondage which, under the name of
slavery, is nt once disgrace and mis-
fortune 70. Jnankind2 Oris it slavery in n
modified form, transient state between
absolute property inlman, and that kind of
property which, though not the less Y0lua-
ble to The master, is yet subject TO certain
legal obligations and to moral rCsponsi-
bility, preventing it from being us repulsiye
aud odious as the other2
The serf is not slave in the sense we
give 10 this word. If he is owned by an
other the right of property is limited by
law. and still more by the influence Of
European morals md by certain obstinate
ideas which prevail among the Russian
peasantry. In honor to the Russian no.
hility, be II said, that they are generally
more humane than the law, aud That their
liberality towards the serf ie far in advance
of the code. In certain sense, the serf
cannot be sold; he belongs to the estate,
not 10 his master; to the soil, not 10 the
man, he goes where the estate goes, not
where his master wishes him to 90; he
cannot be separated from his wife aud
rhtldten, and when hired out, his family
goes with him. Though forbidden to own
real estate. he looks npon tue soil on
which he lives as his immediate property;
and he feels himself deeply grieved when,
IN the distribution made by tile landlord OF
the commune, another man gets more land
than be does.
This feeling springs from the idea which
the Russian peasant has formed of the right
OF properly in land. In his view, the soil
belOngs TO. allmen, and not TO any SCI OF
men or to any individual possessor. Thus,
whilst in the United States, for instance.
The land is the exclusive properly OF in
dividuafs, in Rnssta it is looked upon by
the people rs their collective properly, rep
resented by territorial districts or COM
munes. In other words, there Is but one
class Of serfs in Russia. the peasautry. In
free countries individual exertion has diyi.
ded men into classes, distinguished one
from the othPr by the titles OF merchants,
msebapies and farmers. Such a division
Daily intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, Va. [W. Va.]) 1859-1865, 1861-04-03

CARRAGEEN Balm.
LhbRArED FOR COUGHS, COTDs, etc .
tseetNod E. BOOKING, AEst. 8
Old Peliows' 1sii Drns sSpro.
ia,t tS9ssH rSosIs5 81 sS' prime RE cqSs'
'AaH n. RElLLT.
Daily intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, Va. [W. Va.]) 1859-1865, 1861-04-03

Upwards of SI3,OOO,OOO
of Losses have been paid by the Etna Insurance Co.
in the past ~ years.
Daily intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, Va. [W. Va.]) 1859-1865, 1861-04-03

The bulk of the Russian nation have
lived for over two hundred yenrs in n state
of bondage. The classes which in free
countries give fertility to the soil, value to
raw materials, impulse tO.trade and nnvi-
gatfon; the f,srmrr, the ,plOughmAn, the ar
tifcer, the carpenter, the mason, the
tradesmnn; in word. NIL those who exer-
else manual profession, have alike been
held in scrvitUde. In population of
about fifty-eight millions of sonls in Eu-
ropean Russia, fifty millions, under one
form or another, and in various degrees Of
serfdom. The masses that supply the ar
my with soldiers, the navy with sailors.
agriculture with laborers, industry with
artisans, commerce with traders, and the
upper classes with servants, ara the prop
erty Of others. Theyare owned by six,
teen hupdEed thousand eight hundred and
tise mas tsrsF Fdivid ss olloEs.-
AeCurd dthR -tSs-tl he teuRuai Russia =
tatna1 IN s97l Iai1r6Btners, possessing,
some ] 00Q.seris. soIne 300, some / 90, some
70, Some less-the- total
5mOnnt Of wllSsiI lOI17.70s rnaler
There are Sesides b,50S landless
propnstors, hiring their EerFS
nut, living upon the incume-
= theS oW 1880 do,
Inc strIs OF the crown amount to..a.iS1u00 do.
The royal family 23lTO7 de-
Daily intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, Va. [W. Va.]) 1859-1865, 1861-04-03
EMANcIPAT1oN 1NI RUSSIA
Complete history OF the s1oyement.
tFrom the n. Y. pos.,l

= -----l : IEFOl me n 4. Fost,I n =
The Emperor of Russia, and the, mnjori-
ty of the nobility of the empire, are now
engaged in releasing from bondage popu-
lation of nearly fifty millions of souls. In
the presence of so grand fact, and of
tue changes which this refO.m will intro
dnce in the social aspect and economical
position of the largest empire in Europe,
we have deemed 1t worth while to offer to
our readers, in n condensed form, listor-
icnl statement of the deplorable condition
iuto which scrvitudc has plunged one of
the richest countries upon tue earth; md
at the same time describe the measures by
which the government has obvisted, or
will obvtate, the existing evils, and per-
form the great work of emancipation.
The daily dispatch. [volume] (Richmond [Va.]) 1850-1884, 1861-10-12

BILLY Wusos's ZouAyEs.-This notorious
regiment of cut-throats and villains has enjoy
ed the undeserved honor of being cut to pieces
by the hands of gentlemen. No: one Of the
miserable gang was worthy Of any death but
by the common hangman. 1t is to the ever
lasting infamy of New York that she delibe-
rately collected together this band Of confessed
robbers, murderers and scoundres, and organ
lied and sent them forth for the express pur-
pose of exercising the most depraved and Zero
cious passions of their natures upon the South
ern people Every one remembers the theat
rical and truculent displays which they made
in various public places before leaving that
city, such as kneeGng on the ground and swear
ing that each of them would take of the head
of Southern rebel Every one remembers
how that clerical ruffian, Rev DR. Tyne. sug-
gested the pious idea that their conservation of
themselves to their country might be the means
Of procuring their eternal salvation We can't
imagine anything that would 40 soon cause
stampede, even from the regions Of the blest
as the appearance of BILLY WILSON s Zouaves
at the gate of Heaven, unless it were that Of
DR.. Tying himself
The daily dispatch. [volume] (Richmond [Va.]) 1850-1884, 1861-10-12

The CofD STEEL.-it has remained for
this extraordinary war, not only to break the
spell of invincibility which once attached to
regular soldiers, but to demonstrate that they
cannot stand bayonet charge of Southern
troops A great French General SAYS: "The
bullet is foolish the bayonet only is wise At
long taw the enemy provided with Enfield rifles
and cannon of vast range, can blaze away
from sunrise to sunset but ii ia the close bug
with cold steel which affords the best test of
backbone. In the battle near Springfield, the
Second Regiment of United States regular
infantry was cut to pieces by a bayonet charge
of a Louisiana volunteer regiment This is but
one illustration Of the force of cold steel in
the hands OF determined men, The peculiar
vim and prowess Of our people in hand to hand
encounters suggests the propriety of armng
them, where muskets and bayonets cannot be
obtained, with boarding pixies, an excellent
substitute for the bayonet, or the bowie knife,
one of those mechanical appliances for dis
solving tho Union which is not to be des-
pissed
The daily dispatch. [volume] (Richmond [Va.]) 1850-1884, 1861-10-12

WINTER QuARTERs.-Thcre scems TO he an
impression with some persons that the troops
both sides going into winter quarters,
| and that military operations will be suspended
I'LL the spring. The Northern Generals have
not the inost remote idea of any such inaclior
The policy of die North is TO make the wal
short aud sharp" and, with this object, it
bas carried on las military operations during d
season far more trying 10 the health and en-
durancc OF Northern troops than the winter
Ii they had gone into summer quarters, and
waited for the fel! or winter before attempting
to invade southern country, they would have
shown more wisdom than in choosing hot
weather Tor sicl al enterprise, and adding to
that Jolly by suspendilg operations during the
most saluorious and invIyorttin,, season in
our climate. 80 Tar IRON gong INTO winter
quarters, the North looks 20 tbs winter-
" which, in the South, is mild, agreeable and
healthiul-as the period of It's greatest ACTIVITY
and effort. We Iaay set this down as one OF
those liked facts which we may base our own
calculations upon Nith the mos perfect conf
dence and safety To wait i'll, the spring is
egn military movements has retained again,
tVperpetuaie the commercial misery and mil
vluuai distress in the Northern cities, and to
increase the probabilities of foreign interfer-
ence for the purpose of procuring the cotton
supply. MCCLKLLAS. looks forward 20 no
winter quarters except in the heart of the
South, and will be compelled 10 make the al
tempt, if not in the direction of Manassas, by
some other route which will strike AT tie capt
tai and cotton of the Southern Confederacy.-
That he will meet with annihilating defeat
that he will be even more thoroughly routed
than at Manassa, and not only routed, bat fol-
lowed mp and annihilated, is our firm convic-
ton. Nevertheless, he will make the attempt
and such a thing as "winter quarters cannot
be found in his vocabulary.
winter quarters" in fact, is an obsolete
idea among the military men of modern times.
Even in the old wars Of America, our glor-
Gus ancestry WAS not tied up to "winter
quarters. The SHOW clad regions Of Canada
We're invaded in midwinter, and il was over
frozen rivers that WA,HisGroS led his sol
diers with bare and bleeding feet to their eo-
rious victories in New Jersey. We have a
better and a more inspiring cause than ever
WASHINGTON defended. We must take no
note of winter, except to provide our troops
shelter and clothing, and derive new energy
from. its healthful airs and bracing winds. So
far as going into winter quarters implies III.
action during the winter, We apprehend that
no Southern General dreams Of any such sui
cidal inibecility.
The daily dispatch. [volume] (Richmond [Va.]) 1850-1884, 1861-10-12

FEDERAL ExAGGERArIoSs--An inadyer-
tant illustration Of the style of Federal exag-
geration occurs in the Indiana Register, cd
tied by Hon. S. CoLFAx, member Of the Fed
eral Congress. The Register is defending
General Fremont from the charge of not
sending reinforcements to MULLIaAs ut Lex.
ington. 1t states that five Thousand of Far.
hosT's best armed and best equipped troops
had been sent to Washington, and that only
eight thousand Were left at ST. Louis, where il
was confidently asserted FREAoST had forty
Thousand under his command How all this
taiiies with the Northern accounts of vast
naval expeditions, embracing from twenty to
one hundred thousand men, now fitting ont in
Northern cities for various points on the
southern cosxt, We do not profess TO explain,
sxsspt upon the ground lhst they are merely
fsiois, intended 70 divert orr Generals from
The SsaI hiays u ths wsr-Msuasus.
The daily dispatch. [volume] (Richmond [Va.]) 1850-1884, 1861-10-12
a,iEil,

On Thussday svspins, 10Th inst, Of typhoid II
yer, sontrscted BY her attsndancs on ths sisk q
Yorktown, which she bore with Christian resfgna
tion, Nrs. kUPHRO6YNE ANTON 4 4
WOLFF, in the 44th year Of her age. She died h
the sriumphs Of faith, snd tae prospect Il bliss-
ful Immortality.
"And heard q Voice from Eeaven. raging unto
me, write, BIesssd are the dead which die in the
Lord from NJ ncefcrth. YEA, saith the Spirit, that
do follow them"
The relatives and friends OF the family are re
anesed TO attend her funera from the residence OF
her husband. VIM. ". Wolf, French Garden
Hill, 9th street, above Leigh, tomorrow Sunday
afternoon, at O'Clock.
On Friday, the llth inst, Mr.. DANIEL TRUE.
HEART, Sr, Ia the 70h year of his age.
lis funeral will take place from his residence
corner Of Ii Ugh and Sd Streets this afternoon at Z
o'clock. His friends are invited TO attend vi:hop
furheT notice
The daily dispatch. [volume] (Richmond [Va.]) 1850-1884, 1861-10-12

THE FEDERAL ARMY IN WESTERN vIR-
eamped on Sewell is believed to be ab0ut six
or seven thousand men. But small force,
under an enterprising commander, in a coun-
try where it can readily obtain supplies, can
be handled with more ease and greater effect
than large body, not as well equipped and re-
mote from its supplies, no matter though con
trolled by equal skill and judgment We had
supposed that of all the defences Of Virginia
her mountain ramparts would be the most re-.
liable. We should have looked to any other
part Of the State except that as vulnerable
point Cheat Mountain alone was Gibral-
tar, which could be defended by hundred
men armed with rocks and branches Of trees
There are other positions in the West, not of
equal strength, but which could be made i'm
prsgnabae against any foe The militia OF the
West, armed only with old.fashioned rifles,
could defend many of those mountain passes
against the whole Federal army in Western
Virginia
Such was the impression of mere civilians
ignorant Of everything pertaining to military
uastssrs, except the character Of the country
and the character Of the people. We knew
that in the colonial wars the ridemen Of
Western Virginia had proved the most valna,
bic and efficient soldiers Of the British crown
that II the British maYtinst BRADDscx had
Aksn the counsel Of the volunteer soldier
nxoEsE WAsaIsaros, he would have escaped
: hupiliating defsat. aDdtha the only redeem.
isg luslre which Was shed on that gloomy dis.
astsr blased from the death -dssling riass oi
Wsaern Virginia. We did not, h0weyes, tAks
into aeeennt that portion VI the people Of
Western yiFginis would prove fAithlsss 70
The daily dispatch. [volume] (Richmond [Va.]) 1850-1884, 1861-10-12

their country, open their arms TO IA iaynding
horde, and turn their guns upon the heart OF
their mother. We did not suppose that the
coansels Of such men ~ CAnLILK, PigRrosr,
RufrSEg, and Others. could control the course
Of dozen counties in the State It il siomes-
tic treason that has made the tallest moun.ains
of the West less available TO our defence than
the lowest breastworks at Manassa or the Z, .
ninsala that has kept the Northwestern sky
when I'll the rest of the ornament was bright
and clear. Not anticipating such treason, no one
of course could foresee that our brave soldiers
would have To depend for their supplies upon
a distant point, suffer severely from privations
of food and clothing, and be deeimaied in
their own tents by disease, more destructive
even than battle.
AT the same time, it seems to us that
mountainous region like Western Virginia af-
sords but little scope for the ordinary princi.
pies of scientific warfare. The guerilla and
Texas tactics seem to be peculiarly adapted to
a region where it is impossible to bring large
bodies of troops into action, and where more
can be accomplished by men with AS little
clothing and paraphernaiia as party of deer
hunters, than heavy army, loaded downwith
baggage. IL Is IN such ID region that the alert
ANA daring volunteer spirit inds most efficient
development. Nothing is so ruinons to vol
unteers as passive, Idle life. They would
rather wear out than rust out. They would
rather perish in the battle than by disease
Aefi. 10 ri,
ant eloauencc OF the volunteer camp.
The daily dispatch. [volume] (Richmond [Va.]) 1850-1884, 1861-10-12

Kentucky, j. e. Garter We Will, however,
yet hope TO see him retHrp, believing nm All.
wise providrnce Elvors the brave and just,
and that our esteemed friend has not fallen,
but.wili yet turn up, probably now lost in the
mounta
Special couriers from Hnntersviile state
that the main den OF the Yankees-H nttons-
yfile--,s certainly in the possession of our
troops believe no one in our camp doubts
It, for heavy cannouading has been heard In
that direction all day. We are expecting an
attack nome tarily, aud are fully prepared
TO welcome them again warmly.