The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1861-01-19

iore TO vote Tor any properly guarded laws winch sha
be deemed necessary 10 prevent mutual nvasions or
states by citizens OF other states and punish those who
shall aid and abet them fortunately, in our history
those who set them foot One the armed invasion
OF Kansas by citizens Of Missouri the other the con
spacy and armed foray Of John Brown the soil Of
Virginia. These examples not likely TO encourage
similar attempts; but whenever they they should
be promptly and severely punished people lin the
slavery, to write, TO speak them, and to preach
them Freedom OF speech, freedom of the press, and
freedom Of opinion essential TO the preservation OF
republican Institutions, and they never can be and never
VIII be surrendered Their convictions that slavery is
mmutabe. They are now shared by the great
body of the civilized world. Iney are not
and surely they viii not be weakened by threats Of dis
union. They have right to their opinions You have
right to yours. You can write them, speak them, and
preach them The providence Of God viii in due time,
and in his own way, determine this difference OF opinion
Opinions may freely be LETT to test their strength before
the Great Arbitrator. We astep farther, we invite
you in midst, you can discuss your peculiar
opinions and views in any town or city in the Northern
States 1t would be far better for you To invite similar
discussion OF citizens rather than confess your weak
by mob violence, and excite alarm among your ct
zcns unfoundod hopes among by msresen
ttous Your right 70 recapture fugitive slaves under the
words persons held 10 service Is not disputed by any
cousde, able number Of persons By some it is held
right 10 be enforced wholly by State authority,
but is settled by series OF decisions, Doth in the fed
eya and state courts that b. enforced by Congress
sona enactment We insist that the present law upon that
subject unjust and unconstitutional in some OF its pro-
visions and that IL may be used TO kidnap freemen as
readily fugitive slaves, tnat
cal effect to excite resistance IL ought TO be and Will
be modified, and the laws of the states to prevent
abuses under Will then fall or be promptly repealed Re-
Gently complaint has been made that fugtves from JUS
Ce have been surrendered and this out OF the
construction given the clause OF the constitution pro-
vidng such surrender TO those words, treason,
felony other crimes, that they include all prohibited
offences by state law only crimes recognized by CON-
mon law. The Governors OF Kentucky and Ohio
have limited those words to crimes at common law,
but doubt they would follow legislative consruc
ton when given Let us declare that the surrender
.lalh I'M. noIo rru ali tad in narsD
within state, and guard against constructive crimes
constructive presence. If a citizen Of Ohio
tiers within Naturalization Of Kentucky and violates her
laws, lie should not escape from ,..ient by fleeing to
Ohio, should citizen Of Kentucky escape. Good
neghborhood and community demand respect even for
police regulations Now, think have frankly come to
Southern States, and that is territorial ques-
ticn, If have evaded anything cannot mark
every Question fairly frankly sn satisfy
my political friends adversarics because Ihave always
thousand feemen to express my convictions, whether
! agree with them or not The only remaining
question then il regard slavery i'm in the
this day be admitted. l understand the bill
is under consideration in the Senate. How gen
tlemen without bushng for very shame, say TO US any
thing about slavery the Territories when they stand
solid phslsnx to prevent the admission Of Kansas When
tuition they stood a solid column in favor Of her
admission, and now they stand in the. Senate
Of the United states and refuse her admission.
about slavery in Territories, when you exclude
sovereign State, with ample population with
sttuton approved by the peoples state which has
won her liberty by baptism in blood if you please TO
call il So and there is now scarcely democrat,
,ha, 9hs as,es VINO WIZ mot admit here
regard 10 Kansas has been wrong from
the Foundation TO the turret stone IN regard to the ba
sane man thinks after the experience have had in
Kansss that slavery is going into any territory north
slavery may be prohibited in that Territory, ard
] know that slavery will never be planted there.
care not il Congress- care not if the Supreme Court
should SO decide; yet know from The growth Of the
popula onhe tells the tale-tha slavery cannot
BY any rule by any law or any decision by any act,
nor ought il. No man now claims that. This contest
between freedom and slavery was fought in Kan
sas. We won the victory, and you ought to
yield ut once and gracefully. Victory was won
two years, ago, and not at the last election.
belled then for tell you the political power slavery
was settled by that controversy invoked by you
harmony and quiet shall come to again, they viii DO
secured in all their constitutional rights. Their
political power can never be set up to rule
the government Of the country in times past.
The declaration OF the Chicago platform is that freedom
is the natural and normal condition Of the Territories 1t
Is now part Of our fundamental law, and in part, Of
the administration Of the government There is a terri
tory west of Arkansas covered by stpuatons with the
Indians. BY treaties with the Indian tribes this ter
ritory cannot be admitted nclded within
the jurisdiction Of State without violating treaties
with the Indians II is therefore idle to talk about
it, The only territory then, which remains Is the terri.
tory bounded the south by Mexico the north by
Kansas and Utah and the westby Califona-contan-
ing about 207 600 square mlcsa narrow thnly popu-
atcd country. When you analyze all this
trovcIsy the whole results in contest about territory
New Mexico be free slaveg This the question upon
which this government is TO be disrupted, flag dis
honored and upon which state after State goes out of
the Union. The question is whether New Mexico with
its poems, its wild lands, It's mixed population shall be
free or slavehsl ting territory
Mr.. c1rEo, opp of New Mexico--Nr. Chairman
he will m In
tcrfupt HIM
Mr.. sHEpsAS-I cannot yield. shall soon be through,
aud the gentleman will have opportunity to reply.
Mr.. OrIRcIhe gentleman must yield to reply against
50 atrocious and malicious libel against the people
represent.
Mr.. smRssN-The gentleman says must: l cav,
won't will, however, say wish no disrespect to the
gentleman from New Mexico desired TO speak frankly
of the character Of that population of its spaseness Of
the wildness of its soil, and to state that the quarrel
about slavery in reference to that Territory very
small matter IN my judgment Now there three pro
positions made in reference TO that Territory The first
- TO leave II alone. by the act organizing New
Mexico the people Of that Territory have a right
10 form themselves into state and frame their ns
uons, If not inconsistent with tho constitution OF the
United states and apply for admission into the Union
with without slavery. their constitution may APP
prove. The same organic law provii les that their
Territorial LEGISLATURE may pass laws not incon
sistcnt with the constitution, but ~ provides that
the laws may be sent here for our approval
and We dsappcve Of them they shall not be laws My
wipe out provisions Of those laws The senate did
not agree the bill aud that Territory s stands nom
nay savonOlding Territory, though, am told by the
census that there Is negro slave there and ee
negro slave women and large number Of poems and
others.
Mr.. orrRc-The poems are the gentleman peers
Mr.. SnERMAy-The poems, too, the gentleman's
peers for They elected him, and they made citizens
OF the United States and voters and they sent
my friends here The next proposition is that shall
ADMIT New Mexico state at once; she has hun.
drcd and six thousand inhabitants and IL Is proposed to
ADMIT her as a State, and Of course that would
allow her to frame, regulate change and modify
her own constitution. ] must confess II struck
iutnr la
There serious objections to II, not in regard to
slavery, but In regard TO other questions which might
mention. ] doubt very much whether their people
want state government, aud indeed think may say
that is doubtful whether the people able pay
the expenses OF state government, and say from
the best information that they don't desire State gov
crnmcnt, for the reason that they prefer to
r, main In n territorial condition. Their pop
uation is spare and their settlements
mote fom each other, aud under these circum-
stance the question Of the admission OF New Mexico does
not relate to the slavery question: but TO other questions
llinq eiand by the dec Mhich ma