The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1861-11-21

ID ISIS pretensons were put forward bv soms Of tho
ether co,r,ss sulae and direct the internal affairs Of
ns@i soee professions put in practice ut tho
.rnv was u Toppan and Laybach. large Austrian
goyefn mt Of the Two Settles and 40 600 Austr ian
toned there in order to suppress free
III tha kingdom.
AY anst the principle npon which this suggestion was
" otcsted.
In 1923 another interference was eanctionsd nv the
Congress Of Verona in tho Of SPAIN whose form OF
internal government was not agreeable to the theories
the great Powers.
The Duke OF wellington wen. TO Verona, but remou.
strated. Mr. Canning declared that the principles laid
down by the allies struck at the root OF the British const
tuition
Thus far England did not concur and protested. But
in 1925 England acknowledged two Of the repub
lies OF South America, and tho Northern Powers in their
turn, protested.
In 1897 signed the treaty between Great Britain
France and Russia, which led very speedily the indie
In 1880 Belgium rose against Holland and Great Britain
active, both in the Cabinet and on, the sea- in
certng the measures which cd TO the establishment Of
tho Independence Of Belgium
Thus in these Ave instances, tho policy OF Great rri
tain appears 10 have been directed by coEs Or In
cple She uniformly withheld hor consent to acts OF
intervention by force TO alter the internal government Of
other nations she uniformly gave her and
II necessary, her aid to consolidate the de aco govern
ments whckarCse In Europe or America.
There is every reason why we should pursue similar
regard to the affairs of Itay-namcy by with.
holding any measures for Intervention by
force 70 regulate tho internal Italian States
and by using influence to maintain and consolidate
any regular and orderly governments which tho Italians
may form for themselves
LORD JOHN RUSSELL TO EARL COwLEY
FOREIGN OFFICE Nov. 20, 1850,
Tuscany Modena and Parma have deposed their sove
regns, who had previously quilted their domnors for
foreign countries. Bologna has declared against the
temporal power OF tho lope.
However unfortunate for these sovereigns the post ion
In which they have been placed may be- have TO deal
with state of things which actually exists.
II would be an nvidous task to discuss the reasons
which in the view Of the PEOPLE Of Central italy justified
their acts IL will be sufficient to say that since the
of 1916 her Macstys predecessors have recop-
nzed the separation Of the Spanish colonies South
Sultan, OF Belgium from Holland
In the opinion Of her Maesty's government the rea-
sons adduced IN favor Of these separations not
stronger than those which have alleged at Flo.
renee, Parma Modena and Bologna Justification OF tho
the people of these countries have pursued Upon
this part Of the question: therefore, referring TO prece
dent and looking at actual facts her Majestys govern
ment can feel 40 doubt.
| LORD JOHN RUSSELL TO LORD A. LOTUS (AusrprA).
Whether or no the party which, under auspices Of
Sardinia, has borne on its flag the motto Of indie
pendcnce, animated by noble aspiration or chi
merical fancy, is not now the question.
The pfoclamatons OF the EmTe of the French and
the struggles OF the war, however honorable those srug
ges 10 tho character OF the Austrian army have given
reality, sodity, and power to tho cause II Italy
We at least convinced that thorty restored nv
force Of arms maintained by force Of arms constantly
opposed to the national Wishes would afford no solid and
durable basis for the pacicaton and welfare of Itay
And will not the facts fully justify hts lorshp in npp
ing TO us the following language used to Austria
LORD JOHN RUSSELL TO LORD A. LOTUS.
That in point II fact, believed IL was no. factions
minority but the great majority of thu inhabitants OF
Tuscany and Modena, who had made the revolution in
for intelligence and high soca position belonged 10 that
majority; that, in point OF opinion we did not belev
that anything durable could be established by restoring
the Archdukes
But not only these general principles of international
law have brought ourselves within the decision Of
Europe but the more special question OF state riab,.
dnota ..
rights cheerfuy accept the following statement Of
the question, raised In Switzerland in ls47 as fair
generalization Of condition the date OF serarn
ton
ct is well known that according to this constitution OF
1915, the twenty Cantons of which Switzerland is
composed were perfectly inde enient and absolute in
what concerned their interior government They were
twenty-five States in one state (ceaient rng de,ar eats
daas un etdt). The pretension of the radicals
revise the federal compact 1876 in order 10 give
democratic unity to the state The wish Of the conserva
tives TO maintain things in the situation created y
the treaty. When the revolution threa tened this in
dependence of each Canton, secured by the consttu
ton Mons Guzot proposed to the great Powers to send
joint note to the Swiss radicals declaring at thew
would not suffer the Cantona sovereignty Estate rjebt
to be violated" and Lord Pamerston although serarat
that the consolidation Of the Canona governments into
one absolute government would under the treaties OF
ISIS, Justify refusal to recognise tho change
1hts ii IS clear that the facts are pr0nerlu under
Stood The recognition Of tie Cnede,dte States Is IN perfect
analogy Nth The past action Of Europe and in strict con,
1860 s - 4''' o''a
Bat besides all this, perhaps stronger than all
this, England and France have strong interest
in our recognition. There Is necessity for ex-
aggcraton on this subject Cotton is not kino
in he absolute sense Of The term; for, in The history Of he
Vord monopoly has secsred absolute pousr Bat Il doe,
gire as large aud legitimate Influence in the commercial
and noneia affairs of Tie tcori thus i,dieetlv can
fer political pcoer But this like all other power can
not be safely ased and is stronger the more Justly is
used. 1t will not do, therefore assume that the con-
troll OF the cotton crop will enable control the pride
and prelude and power of all Chrscndom But il IN
qnestonaby an element of great strength which secures
that sort of consideration which will make o,r way very
much easier. The stoppage of cotton crop would.
doubtless produce great commercial and industrial en-
barrassment and much financial trouble-qute enough TO
make the interest of any European administration 10
take all honorable sters 10 avoid There does not ex
list the slightest reason why any European nation should
be subject to loss or annoyance to the model re-
becomes necessary, Europe is ready to adopt IT,
The blockade very inadciousy declared and very In.
effectively carried into operation has been hitherto dur
ing the dull summer season, comparatively harmless
But the trtater approaches, the cotton su,ly SaD,f-
nhes The question becomes grave and IS uerV clear that
ne Po'ers Of England and France preparing for de-
The condto, Of The South Is entirely ,cith; Eurep,un
preceda de fdco government has been fairly establish
cd the interests or both governments require the tcrm
nation OF this unsettled statc Of things and all that re-
mains is for them TO declare the application those prn-
cipss which they have hitherto maintained.
The chances therefore, are we think greatly in favor
Of early recognition; but recognition let US under
stand perfectly unnuepccd by the slightest sentiment
OF friendship, but simply resulting from sensible pruc
ta view Of their own interest But if this be the case-if
this recognition be entirely the work of cream
sanceshad we not better wait for P Is no, an oe, NJ.
gtid for recosnio7, to make treaty as the nea,,s of in
ducing Il, cif1 surrender Of an adrdnd0ep WHY ask
for recognition In treaty and thus lay ourselves opes to
demand for an equivalent, when tho recognition must
come Of itself and leave free treat upon the basis Of
our relative interests2
We trust therefore, that ths appointment II new Cm
mss,oncrs does not indicate any anxiety about
recognition-that 1t does not imply any larger authority
gtren 10 Commissioners 10 negotiate recoor,ioei
What we mean is simply this: We believe that England
and France, and other European Powers will in their
own inter ST. recognise in due time We have notified
them by our three Commissioners how and why we have
declared ourselves independent. When we send other
Commissioners before they have been received we either
have inducements to offer by which that recognition is
TO DO fastened or we have not If we havo not
this renewed solicitation is undignined and will be
useless If We have, those Inducements will be
worth more, as the elements OF future negotiation
than MS III exchange for recognition which must come
soon OF its own accord The argument either case If
cotton is omnpoeut we can afford to bo patient IL It ia
not, we had better I've modest. But, under ali crcum
stances, let our diplomacy beware OF cxaggeraon To
us this revolution seems stupendous: but us recc
lect that Europe is the cemetery u greater nations In
the conflict OF great principles the struggle Of vas. in
terests in the bloody duel Of fierce human passions she
has had thousand fold experience and she has CON
sumed the energies greater minds, expended vaster
amount oil human suffering, destroyed mighter empires,
more splendid armies, moro boundcse wealth. than we
have known, or can know We telling her to day but