davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Jeffersonian Democrat. [volume] (Chardon, Ohio) 1854-1865, 1861-05-31

FoRTs AND FoRTREssEs. "A correspondent
Of the Savannah Republican thus onlightens
tho uuinitiatod public upon tho proper sig.
nificance of those two words, SO often usod
anonymously:
There is but ouo fortress IN tho United
S,ates--Fortrcss Monroe; all tho other
fortified places, defending our harbors, arc
called forts.
| Tho distinction betwixt those two terms
ia yery wido All fnrtrcsscs aro forts. or
! fortified places but all forts arc no; for
| tressos. All colleges are schools; but
schools arc not colleges. Tho relation of
| forls to tortresscs is that Of minor To mnjnr.
A fort may bc simply an advanced work, TO
1 protect tho extended lines or walls OF tor
treas. Gcnurallv, tortressos aro extensive
cnciSntrS. for thu reception Of gdrrisons, aud
built for tho protection ot cities. In the
| United States. no extensive fortified places.
with large garrisons, have boon constructed
| for tho defence uf cities. FurtifcatiOus III
! ills country. have had reference principally
to harbor defence. Fortress Monroe. with
its capacity for garrison. was CONSTRUCTED
for tho defence Ot the important Navy.yart
of GIsport aud Norfolk. now in tho posses
sion OF Virginia or tho Confederate States
Tho construction of the extensive walls %
a fortress involves the highest scionco @
engineering. Not 40 with forts. Tho formo
imp;ins polygons, bastions, curtains. g'aci'
covered ways. panks, scraps, and counter
scraps raynlins. rcdaus. rodoubts. and tn
! whulo vocabulary of engineering science
, Add to this. tho idea of vast chcieh'e o
decentralization, to contain ierg3 garrison
of troops, and fortress rises to its proper
tomato majesty.
The Jeffersonian Democrat. [volume] (Chardon, Ohio) 1854-1865, 1861-05-31
The Volunteer System.

A Washington correspondent, referring
TO tho efficiency Of the volunteer system,
says:
This country has had more experience
with volunteers, as force, than any
other but the hints given OF late, in re.
gard to their discipline and management
in England, are not unworthy OF notice.
Lord Rsneiagh, who was the author OF
the volunteer system in Englrnd, and whu
also introduced the En6eld rifle in the
British army, and row commands the
Middlesex Volunteers II fes, is not OF the
opinion, says British journal, that math'
ematical precision in step is the essential
requisite Of volunteer. His notion is
that ",heir pluck and powers Of endurance
should be tested, that their intelligence
should be tried in combined movements
that their compacIness in formation ant
evennesS in the line Of march, steadines'
and rapdity of fire, should be demon
slra.ed."
Lord Rtnelagh was the first 20 mas
volunteers. The successful Chipel!uvii
sham eight proved. says British author
lty. their capacity to lake The field. Ii j
said that the troops here to be massed an,
exercised in brigade evoutions.
The Jeffersonian Democrat. [volume] (Chardon, Ohio) 1854-1865, 1861-05-31

BILLY WILSON'S ZoUAvEs.--The regi-
ment of Roushs raised by Billy Wilson.
in New York, is composed Of the hardest
of New York's humanity. A letter from
New Yorker contains the following in
cident, which is sufficiently Illustrative OF
their status
Yesterday Methodist clergyman went
down to Staten Island to exhort them
Billy Wilson drew his men up and called
"attention - The parson then gave them
very edifying and appropriate discourse
to which, in obedience to the Colonies
commands. they listened attentive'y.--
When the parson had finished, Billy gave
his "boys" short talk somewhat in thl'
wise "Boys, want you to remember
what the minister has told you. 1t is al
for your good take his advice. anc
follow it: for there is no Knowing bu
what in less than six months every d
one OF you will be in h-ll" Here
voice from the ranks called out, "Thre
cheers for h--ll - and they were give
with will. The parson, astoniShed an
angry, asked what it meant. "Oh," say
Billy, "rhe boys don't know much abou
Scripture. They think h--ll is som,
where between Montgomery ard Me-
Orleans. and they are Id anxious I
get down in that neiGhborhool -
The Jeffersonian Democrat. [volume] (Chardon, Ohio) 1854-1865, 1861-05-31
Ellsworth's Last Letter.

The following letter was written by
Col. Ellsworth the night before he left
Washington for Alexandra
HEAD QUARTERS, FIRST ZoUAvEs,
CAMP LINCOLN,
Washington. d. c. May %, 1861.
My DEAR FATHER AND MOTHER The
regiment IS ordered to move across the
river tonight. We have no means Of
knowing what reception we are to meot
with am inclined TO the opinion that
our entrance to the City OF Alexandria will
be holly contes'e |, as am just informed
large force have arrived there to-day.
Should this happen, my dear parents, it
may be my lot to be injured in some
manner. Whatever may happen, cherish
The consolation that was engaged in the
performance OF sacred duty; and to-
night, thinking over the probabilities ol
tomorrow, and the occurrences OF the
past, l am perfectly content to accept
whatever my fortune may be, confident
that He who no'eth even The fall OF spar
row, will have some purpose even In the
fate OF one like me.
NV darling and ever-loved parents
good bye. God bless, protect and car'
for you. ELMEH'
The Jeffersonian Democrat. [volume] (Chardon, Ohio) 1854-1865, 1861-05-31

WEALTHY PRivATEs IN TIE FEDERAL AR.
MY "A letter from Washington says OF tho
Rhode Island Regiment:
"Visitrg tho building yesterday, | saw
one OF tho high privatus young gentle
man worth at least half u miIIon, and ac-
custotnod to all tho luxurics of high life
busiiy engaged in washing tho floor. lle
handled his pail and his mop with as much
dcxteriiv and good humor as II no had bnon
accustomed to such work. In tho same
mess is tho sou of eX Governor llOrpin, Jr..
who was QUO of tho Secretaries 0t tho Peace
Congress, and then as anxious to prevent IA
civil war as he is now to show that obedience
TO law aud punishment Of traitors arc IS.
sental to gnod government. Quito num-
bor of others no less distinguished for thcil
high social positions than for their patriot
ism. adorn the ranks of this nnblo regiment
80 great was tho oagcrness to enlist ii
this glorious cause, that largo sums were
freely offered for places in the ranks whrr
tho regiment was preparing TO depart 10
the scone of action. One gentleman haC
paid Cor his passage to Europe when th
| call tor volunteers was mLde--he instantl
toru up his ticket and enlisted. Such in
stances of unscIlish patriotism could b
multiplied 10 any extent. They servo 4
exhibit the storljng character Of our vo!un
teer soldiers, aud the readiness viii whicI
tho people of tho North liy to tho rcscu
of the government, when it is mcnaced b.
venal and reasonable oligarchy."
The Jeffersonian Democrat. [volume] (Chardon, Ohio) 1854-1865, 1861-05-31

Coon FOR PARsoN BRowNLow -Paison
Brown'ow, of tho Knoxville (TcnCesser)
Rhig, still holds out nobly. lna late nuG-
Dor he says;
THAT all NAV understand us. VIC take oc-
casion to say, froe from all excitement, that
to destroy our Office or stop oar windpipe,
is tho only way in VIII We can be prevent
cd from dnnouncine secession, and udvoca
ting the Union. Thoro is now but three
Union papors in TonnosSoo, as wo consider
and unless wo are assassinatei. or our Office
is DESTROYED, wo shall soon have the honnr
of standing alono. And there we shall
and--neilher tho gates of hell. nor tn,
, pressure of secession riots. being ablo tC
prevail against our conviction Of right
The Jeffersonian Democrat. [volume] (Chardon, Ohio) 1854-1865, 1861-05-31

SARsAPARILLA.-This tropical root haO
a reputation wide as the world, for curing
one class OF disorders lhat..sfilct mankind
"a reputation 10 which it deserves as
the best anIido,e we possess for scrofulous
complaints. But TO be brought into use,
its virtues mnst be concentrated and com.
bined with o'her medicines that Increase
it's power. Some reliable compound OF
this character is much needed in the COM
munity. Read the advertisement OF Dr..
AYER's Sarsaparilla in cur columns, and
We know il needs no encomium from us
10 give our citizens confidence in what he
offers. Organ, Syracuse, " 7.
The Jeffersonian Democrat. [volume] (Chardon, Ohio) 1854-1865, 1861-05-31
MAY 81, 1861.
Late Foreign News.

The British Government issued procIa-
nation warning its subjects against engaging
In tho war in America, and declares tho lh-
teution OF the Government 10 remain ncu-
trail, aud warns British subjects VI they enter
tho military service of either side, join ships
of war or transports, or nttompt 10 get re-
cruits or fl out vessels for war purposes, or
transports. or ondeoycr to broak any block
ado law, fully and actually established, or
carry eoldiots. dispatches and material con-
traband of war for eithor party, they will DO
liable to all the penalty aud consequences,
will do 80 at their own poril, and In no
wiso obtain tho protection Of the GoverE-
meut
In tho British Parliament Lord Wood
house said that the Government of Spain,
Mt the renuest of the inhabitants, had ac-
rcpteJ the annexation Of tho eastOru ror.
tion of the Island of ST. Domingo to hrt
nossessiops. and that the Government had
uivou assurances that African slavery should
| not be re. stabished on that Island.
Tho Cotton Growing Company OF Jamaica
have determined to plant several thousand
acres forthw; Il, 60 that tho crop may be de-
| liyored in Manchester before the end oil tho
/ year
There wcre vague reports current that
England ana France agreed to recommend
Austria to codo Veuotia to Italy for money
and territorial considerations.
Tho Sultan of Turkey was also TO receive
money consideration.
Spau has ordered six new screw war
fripatss of the FIRST class, in order that she
may be superior on tho sea to tho Amerl'
can flag.
1t is authorativcly stated that negotiation
for the withdrawal of the French forces
from Rome are approaching conclusion
Dispatches by the Persia state that 'n'
acopts of tho rebel government have tx
pIored Europe in vain for arms, ammunition
or money in exchange for their bond. Dud
, lev Mann sought an interview with Geo
8 Peabody, in hopes of negotiating an inter
: view, bot was politely. but firmly repu'sed
. Ia no case had they found their sceur,'it
t MAJ ketablo at the largest discount the,
' could offer as temptation.
The Jeffersonian Democrat. [volume] (Chardon, Ohio) 1854-1865, 1861-05-31
ES-Thc blockade of our harbor inclue'

ES-The blockade of our harbor inclues
every conceivable avenue to from the
broad bosomed Chesapeake and its noble
rivers TO the creeks and coves which
form their tribu taries. The Baltimore
and James river boats have been stopped,
and no steamer is permitted to run be-
tween Norfolk and Hampton. As this
small po.alo blockade will have to be
maintained chiefly by means Of smal
boats, some plan might be devised, We
think. to wsylay and siuk them. Such
despicabc species Of warfare is truly
worthy Of the great mind which now rules
the deslinies and degrsdes the historic
fame Of what was once the United States
-NorJolk HeraM
The Jeffersonian Democrat. [volume] (Chardon, Ohio) 1854-1865, 1861-05-31
Bec-keepers' Notice!

INDIVIDUAL RIGHTS to use tie
L Iangsworsh Movable Comb Hives, can
be had by applying to II. S. Pomeroy OF
Hunssburg. VIM. NJ. Browne, Chester
Roads, and Of the subscriber, for use in
the County Of Geauga.
CAUTION.
All persons a,e hereby cautioned against
using said Hive or selling the same TO
others. Any person using the same
without having first secured a Right, will
be charged ten dollars per an individual
right. S. @. BROWN,
Box l76, Ravenna. Portage Co., Ohio.
594w4
The Jeffersonian Democrat. [volume] (Chardon, Ohio) 1854-1865, 1861-05-31
The Baltimore Rebels.
A Baltimore letter to the N. Y. TriJur

A Baltimore letter TO the N. Y. Tribune
says
The bitterness of the Baltimore rebels
is hourly on the increase. IL threatens
10 be the death OF the whole aristocratic
gang, men, women and children Indeed.
| should moi be surprised TO hear that
the disease under which they are iaborng,
has taken on the form Of hydrophobia
o. e woman. n mother. too, and an orna.
men, in high life in other days. while con-
vetsing with quiet, lnhy.hke Union
woman. yesterday, was suddenly seized
with frenzy. and, jumping up from her
chair. paraded ap and down the room
with the fercesi steps, saving the air the
while with outs,retched arm, and utteriua
maedictions like the following: "For my
part, | wish Jyff. Davis soldiers wonlt
get TO b Gilmore, and, with drawn swords
cut the hearts out Of every man, woman
and child and make mince- meat Of them !
This is but sample Of the bitter ferocity
that parades the ranks of the rebels.
do not hear of any increase in numbers
but, on the contrary, of several Of then
who have been restored to their reason.
The Jeffersonian Democrat. [volume] (Chardon, Ohio) 1854-1865, 1861-05-31

1g- Major Robert Anderson has made it
n point at every stopping place at the
North to complain Of our 'inhuman treat.
mont" in firing on Sumter after. the bar
racks were enveoped in flames. Did any
body prevent him pulling down his dirty
stripes : And why is it that ho has not
told 'the Northern people" that ho hnd
L inch Columbiad planted on tho parade
ground at Fort Sumter, at an elevation
sufficient to enabiO him to throw lO-inch
she'll into the crowd of uuarmed cit'zcns
and helpless women. whom no well knew
would cougregate in White Point Garden
at tho firing of the first gnn This is not
rumor; the gun has been seen; the e'eva.
ton and direction have been noticed. and
hy his own acknowledgement, and that "f
his oflico,s, tho guns in exposed places
could not bo worked without tho ceI tanfv
of destruction so our mothers, wives and
sisters have not been slaughtered, 6tcd"se
cur guns krpt him in his easements. This 10
tho brave man who was supplied with fresh
meat, vegetables, &c., and was thought by
some to be friend.-Chariestoa Mercury.
The Jeffersonian Democrat. [volume] (Chardon, Ohio) 1854-1865, 1861-05-31

him fai'od to become la~ but its chief ,ra',s 5
were highly spoken OF by military autnor'-
ties.
THO later incidents Of his career ana the
history of his Fro Zouaves arc VOL known
to our readers.
Col. Ellsworth was unmarried, but was
bcirotI oil to Miss Spatford, an accomplished
Indy of Rockford, Illinois.
The Jeffersonian Democrat. [volume] (Chardon, Ohio) 1854-1865, 1861-05-31

A TEACHER Of vocal music asked an
old lady if her grandson had any ear for
music. "Wa'al," said the old woman.
II really don't know. Won't you take
the candle and see?"
The Jeffersonian Democrat. [volume] (Chardon, Ohio) 1854-1865, 1861-05-31

E7S Henry Conelly has been appointed
Governor Of New Mexico. and Mignsl A.,
0;sro Secretary.
Weekly Trinity journal., 1861-09-28

UAnD TO BEAr- One of the Juveniles, though
considerably advanced, presented himself, not
long since, for admission to public school near
Dry Dock. lie was shown seat, and in The
course of the morning the teacher resolved to
enter into a little examination of the youths ca
pacities and knowledge prior to assigning him TO
class Calling 10 the bhoy to stand up, he
asked
eDo you know anything about grammar ?"
g don't know anything else " replied tn" boy
avery we'll ; now attend In the beginning
God made the world parse world"
All the b'hoy knew OF Grammar was what he
had heard that very morning from the classes re-
citing around him but then he had been taught
that when ighlng in the dark he must strike ont
straight from the shoulder, right and left, aud
ell would be right
Parse world p he drawled out inquiringly.
so as TO gain time
eyes in the beginning God made the world ;
parse world
"Wal worlds the biggest kind Of noun, mas
cuIinc gender and all sorts of tense, past present
and future. and'--slapping his hands down on
The desk with a force that shook the building
"it ia governed by God Now fetch on your
Sunday school scholars, ole hoss, and sec II they
can beat that"
Weekly Trinity journal., 1861-09-28

THE President of the United States will pay
seven hundred and twenty dollars, and each
member of the Cabinet two hundred aud sixteen
dollars, under the tax on incomes laid by Coug
Weekly Trinity journal., 1861-09-28

No SEcEssIoN.-Th Uaioa's Salt Lake corres-
pondent remarks as follows We were entertain
ed with the intelligence received 10y the last
Pony that Brigham Young had declared Utah
independent" The chief is presently too busy
to add the et-ceteras attending independence to
his other obligations and daily duties besides,
Utah is Independent enough, and without some
terrible provocaiion, it would be hardly fair to
add to Lincoln's troubles. Father Abraham has q
good name among us, outside of secession oircies
The general impression among the Mormons is
that Abraham Lincoln is tolerablc good man,
and with ordinary fair play, would have made an
honest, good President, Unless some of the new
appointees kick up their heels and play such fan
tastc tricks, etc, Utah will stand 10y the Consu
tuition as it is, and give no trouble.
Weekly Trinity journal., 1861-09-28

Regiment was marching through Baltimore with
out drums some OF the lookrs-on sneeringly
asked : Where's your music ~ :. In our cart
ridge boxes,n said the grim Colonel
Weekly Trinity journal., 1861-09-28
A WoRp TO JOIN BuLl--The philadelphia

A WORD TO JoHN BULL.-The Philadelphia
Press thus denounces England
The British Government erTs il ii entertains a
belief that, at this crise, she United States will
submit to insult, injury or hostility from any
European power-least of all from England. The
cruel tyranny of that power actually drove this
country into the war Of Independence, in l776.
We were then small people, with the disadvan-
tage of being scattered over vast extent OF ter
rilory. Yet thank God, and our native courage
and our good cause, we humbled the naughty
flag of England and beeame nation. A second
time. in the war of lSl2-l4, we beat the English.
Now with great population, vast wealth and
brave hearts, we are as ready as before, and far
better prepared, to repel wrong from what quar-
ter soever it may come. Woe to England II she
drives us into third War
Weekly Trinity journal., 1861-09-28

BAD FOR THE Coo.-When Geo. Stephenson,
the celebrated engineer, had completed his model
of o locomotive, he presented himself before the
British Parliament, and asked for the attention
of that body. The grave NJ. p. looking sneering
ly at his invention, asked
$50 you have made carriage to run only by
steam, have you p
" Yes, my lairds.n
And you expect your carriage 30 run on par
ale rails, so that it can't run oil, do you -
" Yes, my lairds."
swell, now, Mr.. Stephenson, let us show you
how absurd your claim is Suppose when your
carriage is running upon those rails at the rate al
twenty or thirty miles an hour Gf you are extra
VACANT enough to even suppose that such thing
is possibe), a COW should get in its way. You
can t turn out for hrr-what then ?''
Then twill be bad for the COO, my lairds."
Weekly Trinity journal., 1861-09-28
TRINITY JOURNAL.
WeayerYiuc. Saturday, September rs, 1861.

THE TRUE NATIONAL DEMoCRACY.-Thc Doug
las Democracy have behaved nobly in this can
vass-worthy of their illustrious eader who is
dead. Though suffering defeat in local cleo
ton, they stand in proud exaltaton as the repre-
sentatves of all that was NATIONAL in the Demo
cratic ship, wrecked on the shoals of Disunion.-
They are in possession of the Democratic Ark,
while the others who went idolatrously after the
idols of negro slavery, have been smtten like the
hosts of Assyria They are the disscnters who
broke away from the old Democratic tabernacles
when its altar began to stink with unclean sacri-
fee but they carried away the incense and the
undefed vessels, and the Presence followed them.
Who killed the Democratic party Not the
Douglas men, certainly? The matricde belongs
to Gwin, Bolts, and thrccscore more Southern
fanatics, who never had any sympathy with free
State Democrats, and who consented to the de-
Element of Free Soil solely for the sake of hold
ing office, The Chivalry weevil ate all the corn
in the Treasury and then set to work to devour
the flag pretending all the while to be the most
patriotic insects alive.--S. f. Fleming Journal
Weekly Trinity journal., 1861-09-28

san E.ra2AoiscOA Agency.

NIr. l.. II. Fisher is our only authorized Agent
San Francisco to receive advertisements receipt for
the same and transact business generally for the
TRINITY JOURNAL. Onlce-No l72 IL Washington street.
nearly opposite Maguires Opera House, up stairs.
Weekly Trinity journal., 1861-09-28

ENJOYING LIFE-I must pity that young man,
who. with little fnery of dress and recklessness
of manner, with his coarse passions all daguer-
reotyped upon his face, goes whooping through
the streets, driving an animal much nobler in its
conduct than himself, or swaggrrs into some
haunt of shame, and calls it enjoying life!" lie
thinks he is astonishing the world aud he IS as
tonishng the thinking part Of it, who are aston
ished that he is not astonished ct himself. For
look at that compound of fash aud impudence,
and say if on all this earth there is anything more
pilable lie know anything Of the true JOY of
life? As well say that the beauty and mmensty
of the universe were all inclosed in the field where
the prodga lay among the huslls aud swine
Claiming,
Weekly Trinity journal., 1861-09-28

AN IMMENSE FARM.-The largest farm in Ilii-
nois is that of Isaac Funk, who resides near
Bloomington, Mclean county. The total number
of acres occupied aud owned by him is 80 900
one farm of u 600 acres, said TO bc worth $50
per acre, aud three pasture fields containing,
respectively, 5000, 5000 and 1000 acres. His
great crop is corn, all of which he consumes at
home, and is thus able to market about $4,000
worth of cattle per year in New York His stock
on hand of horses, mules, hogs and fat cattle, is
said to be worth 100000.
Weekly Trinity journal., 1861-09-28

IIor WoRE.--The idea of injecting hot water
from the boilers of a steamer into an enemy, was
first broached when the old L. S. steamer Fulton
tell. Some years ago, it was very successfully
used by British vessel among swarm of pirates
in the China seas, and the vessel and crew were
saved by it. The Vanderbilt California steamers
are now fitted up with hose and apparatus for
this purpose, and will be enabled to give awarm
reception to any of jeff. Davis pirates that they
may happen to meet with.
Weekly Trinity journal., 1861-09-28

THE TRAITOR L.YNpE-Some 700 or 500 Fed
eral troops in Arizona were lately surrendered
to some 800 rebels, by the treachcry OF their
officer a la Twiggs Tx Governor Greincr. for
merly of Ohio, now United States Land Agent
in New Mexico, writes to Columbus (Ohio) pa
per, saying
"Dr. Steck comes ia as n passenger, and vcrl.
Aes the report of the vllainous conduct Of Major
Lynde. But little doubt exists that the whole
affair, the abandonment of Fort Fillmore and the
surrender of the men, was pre- arranged with
Col Lorng. the former commander Of this De
partmcnt, when that officer ttaitorously left his
post for the South The men aud wagons from
Forts Buchanan and lreokiurdge on tho route
TO Fort Fillmore, are under the command az
Lieutenant (now Capt) Moore, one of the best
officers OF the army, and he has been warned of
his danger, his brother officers are snnguinc that
he will give good account of himself. Fort
Stanton is fortiying, and Col, Roberts will have
no traitor
Major Lynde Ia weak old man. He has heen
in the army forty years, and though from Yer
mont he has all his family connections in the
South. lie has often been heard to say that his
warmest sympatAes were with the Southern
brethren even while drinking the liquor paid
for by money from the United States Treasury"
The poor silly old man. To know, after serv
ing his country faithfully Ito say nothing Of
drinking his country's whisky,) for forly yeara
that now, with one foot in the grave, he has fas
tened upon himself the dam0ing stain Of att aitor
Weekly Trinity journal., 1861-09-28

Coon FOR "lEssIE. E.'-General Fremont in
private letters, speaks Of the great assistance
which his wife " Jessie" well remembered OF
the campaign of 1856, is renGeriag him in this
most serious contest, She acts as his private
secretary, writing many Of his most important
business letters, an! taking notes OF his con7er-