The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1861-03-04

Upoa US
To-day the two American coufedersoies as
sumo form and shape under their new govern
ments. The following shows the composition
Of the respective cabinets
NORTHERN soUrnnRs
CONYxDR Au0x. coSYxDgsAnoH.
President. Abraham lincoln. Jefersoq Davis.
Vice President Hannibal aAmlin. II. stephsus.
Sec. Of State. w. VI. Seward. Robert TOonbs.
Sec OF Treasury salmon p. Chaso s. Memniuger.
| SEQ. Of Interior. Caleb B Smith. vacancy
Sec Of War. SIMON Cameron. l. r. walker.
Sec Of Navy Montgomery Blair. John Perkins, Jr
Postmaster Gen. Gideon Weiles II. T. Elett
Attorney Gen. Edward Bates. J. p. Benjamin.
The Southern confederacy, 1t appears, has
already decided upon most of the financial,
military, naval and postal measures necessary
to its defence and consolidation. II has au-
thorized the issue Of q loan of $l5,OoO0oO to
provide for the immediate wants of the govern
ment; it has adopted measures for tho forma-
ton Of small navy sufficient to protect its har-
bors and coasts; 1t has organized an army OF
10000 drilled men, and it has laid In an immense
supply of provisions and bresdstuHs, thus giving
| the lie to the republican organs which have
been telling their readers ct the North that tho
| Southern people were already beginning 10
| suffer from want Of food, and would soon be
starved into submission. This accounts for the
large amount of gold which has found Its way to
| the Northwest, and which has been to certain
extent bene6tting US here by helping to allevi-
camille community by tho stringency Of the
money market.
In addition to these, the Southern Congress
has passed several other measures which attest
its foresight and selfreliance. 1t has adopted
Q tariff provisional in its application, but which
viii answer its purpose by giving the new gov
eminent portion of the revenue that it will re-
quire. The national loan of $l5,000,O00, which
has only been emitted within few days, has, it
is stated, been oil taken up. In addition to this
Georgia has appropriated $l,OOO,0OO, South
Carolina $675, 900, Louisiana 100000 and Ala
bama 100000, for the necessities Of the con-
federation. It is amply supplied with NUM-
tons of war; for, as the Northern journals
have been taking care to inform the public, the
| seeding States have seized on war n,atfriel,
belonging to the nation, amounting in value
to about $2O,O0O,O0O, but which, it is
true, they offer to pay reasonable
price for when the accounts between the two
| governments come to be squared up, If that
should ever take place. In point of military
organization they have been equally favored,
having secured the nucleus for splen-
did army and navy through the reaigna-
ton Of the numerous military and naval
officers enumerated in the list which we
published yesterday, and who comprise
some of the best officers in the service,
the greater part Of them having been educated
at West Point, or on board the national vessels.
In matters of internal economy the South
ern government has set us an example which it
would have been well for us If we had long
instance, to make its postal service selfsustain-
ing; and in order to equalize its receipts and
expenditures it proposes to discontinue oil
useless contracts, abolish post Offices that are
an expense, do away with the system of
free newspaper exchanges and the frank
ing privilege, all OF which constituted The
great obstacles to the proper working Of
the Department Thus it will be seen
that statesmsnlike views have presided over
the preliminary measures Of the new Southern
government, and that II is arming itself for all
contingencies. In the seeded States men seem
to be animated by but one spirit, owing to the
failure in Congress Of settlement of the exist
ing difficulties, and they entertain strong hopes
now, we fear destined to be realized, that they
will be joined by the border States
Such are the condition and prospects of the
new Southern confederation on this 4th sof
March, ls6l-a day likely to prove one of the
most memorable in history.
On the other hand we have the Northern con-
federation, which Is to ihaugurate tho Presi-
dent elect to-day. The new government, if
it Is not openly and boldly in favor of
coercion, Is in hopes of settling the differences
between North and South by attempting to re-
take the federal forts and to collect the reve-
nue. by means Of blockade OF the Southern
coast It's leaders, it is true, protest against
these measures being considered in the light Of
coercion; but this Is q distinction without
difference. The mere attempt to use
force win precipitate the country into
a bloody struggle between men of tho same
race and lineage, and who, IL they could
only be taught to think 50, have interests
in every respect identical. Nor will this con-
flict be confined to hostiities between the North
and South Here in the North there will be
division between the radical portion of the re-
publicaas constituting one party, and the con-
servative elements resolving themselves into
another; and whilst all this is going on the ad-
minstration viii be weakened by Discussions
in the Cabinet, resulting from the efforts of the
extremists TO crush out the more moderate, rs
well az from tho jealousies and heartburnings
growing out Of the distribution of the spoils Of
o1ice.
Such L. the aspect presented by the two con.
federacies a. they stand to-day. Before week