New-York daily tribune. [volume] (New-York [N.Y.]) 1842-1866, 1861-01-24
THE STATE OF EUROPE.
From Our Own Correspondent.

lbHiS, Jan. D, Evil
The Italian question sinks cut of sight, now
hat the interests connected with it have pro-
ifsced a great European complication. Old
Prince Metternich was quite right when, IN
Is47, at the time of the SOnderbund in Switzer-
hand, be declared that any revolution triumphant
m whatever corner of Europe could not fail to
produce general conAagratioD. The year 1913
faIly proved his assertion, and the year ISL Is
destined still more clearly to Illustrate the foresight
of this conservative statesman. The revolution IN
Itay-though directed by Cavour, and controlled
by the Emperor Napoleon, who both refrain
ffom employing revolutionary means and men,
and endeayOr to achieve italian unity exclusively
by conservative and even by reactOnary elements,
and who have succeeded in excluding Mazzmi
from the movement, and in putting Garibald
asde-this revolution is stu felt in It's results all
ever Europe. The Italian annexations we're fol-
lowed by concessions in Austria, which, by aud
BY, led to the complete reorganization of Hungary
upon the bass of 1s4e. This reorganization made
The grant of Constitution for the non-lIungarian
hah OF the Austrian Empire indispensable. silent
agitation has seized all Germany, and the Russian
Emperor himself as announced by telegraph pre-
pares TO grant constitutional seg0vernment to the
Polish provinces. He requires, indeed, the SYM
PATTY Of his people, fer on the Sd OF March the
ukase concerning the emancipation OF the seris Is to
be published, which completely changes the basis
up0n which the iron despotism OF Russia was built.
Every Russian is fully convinced that the measure
has become unavoidable, but not even the wisest
statesmen able fully to realize the consequence
Of that great pacific revolution Of the social and
financial conditions of Russia The death Of the
King of Prussia, who for the last few years has lin
,rod ,rb hon H.
The condition of Prussia, though il comedies with
great changes in the Prussian psey. Not to
be overreached by Austrlas sudden conversion
TO Liberalism, the new King must accept
more liberal platform as regards Germany. The
interminable questions of Hessia and OF Scheswig-
Holstein must and viii at last be settled; but the
aspirations of the German patriots reach far beyond
these petty details, which constitute only some
symptoms Of serious political Illness The success
Of the Italians and the movement of the Hungarians
cannot fail TO rouse Germany from her apathy. The
question of German union is ripe in principle; all
the nation requires it, and only the petty
princes and dukes oppose it. How, then, could i
longer remain an empty theory When an Aus
trian Parliament is TO meet * Vienna, and Hun
garian Diet at Pestb, and Polish one at Warsaw,
how could re Federal Diet of Frankfort con-
pRpe 10 shackle the limbs OF Germany mus,
ene movement engenders the other, and the despotlc
princes seem spebOund even more than IN i54S,
and submit quietly to the complete transformation
Of EurOp&
Such being the case il matters lAtle whether Italy
shall be able IN Spring 10 begin the war against Aus
tia; whether Hungary shall rise or remain on the
path of pacific agitation by which it has reacquired
ali the most important rights tT0mped down by
Haynau, Bach, and Prince SchwarZenbeTg The
cause OF revolution is OF any rate triumphant, what
ever be the details of the conflict. Nothing can
better illustrate the spirit which regns al the
Court of Vienna, than the sudden fit Of cleInency
which seized Francis Joseph. Count Ladlsias
Teleki one of the chiefs Of the Hungarian Enlgra-
tion-a man of action, deeply involved i'll al the
plans of revOution-incautOusly yentured TO Drcs-
den in SaxOny. Delivered up by the Saxon Ministry
to the Cabinet Of Vienna on the 2lst OF December,
and conveyed TO Bohemian fortress, the conspira.
trwas sent for by the Emperor, led to bis presence
Oh the 3lst and at once set liberty upon condition
Of not again entering into conspiracy and OF abs am
ing from any political action. year back
he would have been shot; now he has not only
gained his liberty, but even has conhscated estates.
The reign of terror has ceased, and once more the
press is free III Hungary; the counties meet as oil
old in public assembly, Kossuth and his friends are
elected honorary members OF the Boards for the
administration of the counties, and the men OF lois
return to the places they had occupied during the
revolution. Even the VOiyOdina has been rean-
nexed TO Hungary, and within few weeks
Croatia, SlayOnh, and Transylyania. In u word
will be once more united in compact body
Thus the Austrian Empire has been divided into
two great halves, each Of them independent
Of the other, but loosely connected by personal
union, the sovereign Of both being the Francis
JJsph who, twelve years back had risked his
crown in order to prevent such partition He has
Dow returned to the same point from which he
started, bat in the mean time he has been expelled
from Lombardy; he has lost his reputation, the
financial credit Of his Empire, and the confidence Of
bis people. He may comfort himself with the
thought that in France too, Napoleon is scarcely
any longer the master Of the situation, and that
Csnnt Cayour in Italy has lost his hold upon the
Italian nation 10 considerable degree. We are
drifting toward a revolution everywhere. The
Turkish Empire is crumbling TO pieces; the Serbs,
Bosnians, and MOntenegins are preparing for
campaign, and Prince COuza Of Moldo- Wanscha
watches the events for creating Ruman Kingdom
On the Danube, if possible without fighting. This
state Of aairs bright as it is for the phlanthropst
and friend of liberty, considerably checks the opera
tons Of the exchange and of the workshops. Europe
enters into the new year with forebOdings OF great
shsnges. Napoleon talks Of peace but al Europe
b under arms.