New Oregon plaindealer. (New Oregon, Iowa) 1859-1866, 1861-08-30
STATE RIGHTS.

l. State soyereignties were sstab
hshed by the Declaration Of Independ.
ence in 1776-their existence pro.
claimed by the Confederation of1T7--
definitely acknowledged by Great Brit.
ain to each of the States in 1783-,anI
recognized in the Constitution of 1887
Historical.
2. In tho creation Of the FEEDERS
Government the States exercised tht
highest act Of sovereignty, ana they
may, if they please, repeat the proofo
their sovereignty by its annihilation.-
The principle of State sovereignty il
inherent in the people and Territory o.
a State; but the Union has no innate
sovereignty like the States. It is moi
selfconstituted, it 10 conventional
John Taylor, of Coroline, Va.
3. That tho several States compos.
ing the United States Of America, are
not united on the principles Of unlimit,
cd submission to the General Govern
ment, but that by compact under the
style and compact of Constitution for
the United States. and Of amendments
thereto, they constituted a general gov
ernment for special purposes, delega-
ted to that government certain definite
powers, reserving each State to itself,
the residuary mass Of right to their
own self.government.- Thomas Jeffer-
son.
4. The people Of the several States
still retain the ultimate power Of sover-
eignty-the power by which they Or
dained and established the Constitution,
and which can rlghtfally create, modify,
or abolish it at pleasure. Wherever
this power resides, there is the sover-
cignty to be found.-John G. Cal
houn.
S. The Constitution was only obli-
gatory upon the ratlfying States, be-
cause each State comprised sovereign
people, and no people existed with a
sovereignty over thirteen States. IF
there are thirteen counties in u State,
and the deputies of four dissent from 8
Constitution, it is yet obligatory upon
all, because all are subject to the sover-
eighty Of one people, and because no
county comprises people politically
independent. No part or parce! Of a
national government was contemplated
by the Constitution. The Federal Gov
ernment cannot alter county, incor-
porate town, divide State, or OBJ
tain pittance of land without the con-
sent Of State government A nation
without g territory-erratic tribes ex-
cepted-is a contradiction, and ma
tional government without nation in
vested with territorial rights, is cas-.
tie in the air.--John Taylor: of Caro-
line.
6. Ours is Federal system. The
partition of power between the State
and Federal departments, is necessary,
and can only be maintained by an indie
pendent will srof its own, in each, ad-
mitted on all hands to be essential for
the preservation of liberty. The great
security against gradual concentra-
ton of power is, that e each possess the
constitutional means to resist encroach-
ment on the other. The provision for
this end, places the system in an inter :
estipg point Of view. It does not con-
stitute single governm ent, but two
distinct governments with separate
powers. Each can control the other,
while each is controlled by its own in
ternal construction. The system ex-
emplifes an important security against
the oppression of rulers, and secures a
minority Of States against the cppres-
sion of a majority Of States. The Fed
eral Legislature will be watched and
controlled both by the people and the
collateral Legislatures, while other
Legislative bodies are not. Hence
double security arises to the righs Of
the people.--Alexander Hamilton.
Z. The powers delegated to the
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