davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Manitowoc pilot. [volume] (Manitowoc, Wis.) 1859-1932, 1861-03-08

Coon JOKE ON SoMEBoDY.-The La
Crosse Democrat SAYS that on the night of
the 22d, the anniversary of Washington's
birthday, large party were dancing in
Barron's Hall, while from the flag staff
over the building floated the stars and
stripes. During the evening the national
bunting was hauled down and the Palmes-
TO flag, rattle "snak " and AL run up in
its place. All the night long did il float
there-all night long did patriotic men
and women dance under it, but there was
swearing in town on the next morning
when it was discovered and cut down.
Gen. Webb, President of the Wide
Awakes, occupies the building for his sx-
press and steamboat Offices, and every one
no. in the joke thought the General had
become disguised with RepublicaDism
since Howe was elected, and was going
South.
The Manitowoc pilot. [volume] (Manitowoc, Wis.) 1859-1932, 1861-03-08
VOL. 2.
MANITOWOC. WIS. FRIDAY, MARCH g. 1861
But when they knew my object they gently let

But when they knew my object they gently let
me pass;
And the ladies' in the cabin we're very kind to me;
They made me tell the story OF my boy across
the sea:
So ! told them Of my Donal and his fair manly
face,
Till bare speaking of my darling made suns
shine In the place.
We landed at the Battery in New York's big bay,
The sun was shining grandiy and the wharves
looked gay.
But could see no sunshine nor beauty in the
place,
What only cared to look On Was Donals sweet
face;
But in all the great crowd, and turned every
where,
could not see sign of him-my darling was
not there - ..-.
asked the men around me to go and find my
son,
But they only stared or la aughed, and left me one
by one,
Till at last an old countryman came up to me
and said
How could live to hear it!-that Donal was
deadi ..
The shamrock sod is growing on G reen woods
hillside.
1t grows above the heart of my darling and my
pride; ...
And on summer days sit by th e maidstone all
day,
With my heart growing old aud my head grow
ing gray.
And watch the dead leaves whirl from the syc-
amore.trees,
And wonder why it is that can't die like these
But think that this same winter, and from my
heart l hope,
I'll be lying nice and quiet upon Greenwood's
slope,
With my darling close beside me underneath the
trickling dew,
And the shamrocks creeping pleasantly above
US two.
The Manitowoc pilot. [volume] (Manitowoc, Wis.) 1859-1932, 1861-03-08

BEAUrIFr Your PREMIsEs.-Every per-
son who owns foot of earth, or has the
lease of a southern wall whereon to let a
vine creep up, and lets the coming spring
go by without improving the opportunity
OF doing something for their Identification
should be considered remiss in very inn
portant duty. No matter if you don't
own the house and yard you occupy still
plant flowers, and vines, and shrubbery,
for Jour own comfort and your own hearts
sake
Let the flowers look upward in evssy place,
Through this beautiful worla NJ ours
For dear the smile on an old friends face.
Is the smils Of the bright, bright Towers"
The Manitowoc pilot. [volume] (Manitowoc, Wis.) 1859-1932, 1861-03-08

Ey plows, sows, reaps, fnous,
gets up wood f5- winter, digs, | hoes,
and tatcrs grows, and for anght knows
owes the printer. do suppose VII knowl-
edge flows righ. from the printing press ).
30 off goes, in these ee clothes, to set.
tie up-l guess. ..a .al .sad z
The Manitowoc pilot. [volume] (Manitowoc, Wis.) 1859-1932, 1861-03-08

EF A man should advertise because it
is profitable; be temperate because il Sc
cures health; marry because it makes
him happier and pay the printer because
it is right.
The Manitowoc pilot. [volume] (Manitowoc, Wis.) 1859-1932, 1861-03-08

g Of those who took plrt ia the Rev.
o'utionary War, and have been receiving
pensions, but s6 survive.
The Manitowoc pilot. [volume] (Manitowoc, Wis.) 1859-1932, 1861-03-08

KASsas.-A number OF ptofhinent citi-
zens of Kansas deny the statements that
have been sent abroad Of extreme destitu.
,ion in that State. rg o- zssI aEsu
The Manitowoc pilot. [volume] (Manitowoc, Wis.) 1859-1932, 1861-03-08

Ev A doctor may learn 10 cure l.v
killing, but men never learn 10 tel. the
truth by lying. =
The Manitowoc pilot. [volume] (Manitowoc, Wis.) 1859-1932, 1861-03-08

~ Why is a man like a candle.
Because he sometimes goes out At night
when he ought no. TO.
The Cass County Republican. [volume] (Dowagiac, Mich.) 18??-1880, 1861-05-16
Scroftlla, or Kings Evil,

is a constitutional disease, corruption of the
blood, by which this fluid becomes vitiated,
weak, and poor. Being in the circulation, it
pervades the whole body, and may burst out
in disease on any part of it. No organ is free
from its attacks, nor is there one which it may
not destroy. The scrofulous faint is variously
caused by mercurial disease, low living, dis
ordered or unhealthy food, impure air, filth
and filthy habits, the depressing vices, and,
above all, by the venereal infection. What
ever be its origin, it is hereditary in the con-
stitution, descending " from parents to children
unto the third and fourth generation - indeed,
it seems to be the rod of Him who says, 81
will visit the iniquities of the fathers upon
their children"
Its effects commence by deposition from the
blood of corrupt or ulcerous matter, which, in
the lungs, liver, and internal organs, is termed
tubercles; in the glands, swellings; and on
the surface, eruptions or sores. This foul cor
ruption, which genders in the blood, depresse:
the energies of life, so that scrofulous constitu-
tons not only suffer from scrofulous CON-
plants, but they have far less power to with
stand the attacks of other diseases; conse.
quently vast numbers perish by disorders
which, although not scrofulous in their nature,
are still rendered fatal by this faint in the
system. Most of the consumption which de-
climates the human family has its origin directly
in this scrofulous contamination; and many
destructive diseases of the liver, kidneys, BRAIN
and, indeed, of all the organs, arise from o.
are aggravated by the same cause.
One quarter of all our people are scrofulous
their persons are invaded by this lurking in
fiction, and their health is undermined by it
To cleanse it from the system we must removals
the blood by an alternative medicine, and In
vigorate it by healthy food and exercise
Such medicine we supply in
The Cass County Republican. [volume] (Dowagiac, Mich.) 18??-1880, 1861-05-16
AYERS
Compound Extract Of Sarsaparilla,

the most effectual remedy which the medical
skill of our times can devise for. this every
where prevailing and fatal malady. 1t is COM
bined from the most active remedials that have
been discovered for the expurgation of this foul
disorder from the blood, and the rescue of the
system from its destructive consequences.
Hence it should be employed for the cure of
not only Scrofula, but also those other affec-
tons which arise from it, such as ERUPTIvE
and SKIN DISEASES, ST. ANTHoNY's FIRE,
Rose, or ERYsIPELAs, PIMPLEs, PUsTuLEs,
BLorcHEs, BLAINs and BoILs, TUMoRs, letter
and SALT RHEUM, ScALD HEAD, RINGwoRM,
RHEUMATISM, SYPHILITIc and MERcURIAL DIS
EASES, DRopsY, DYSPEPSIA, DEBILITY, and,
indeed, ALL COMPLAINTS ARISING FROM VITA
TED OR IMPURE BLOOD. The popular belief
in "in.pauity of the blood" is founded in truth,
for scrofula is a degeneration of the blood. The
particular purpose and virtue of this Sarsapa-
rilla is to purify and regenerate this vital fluid,
without which sound health is impossible in
contaminated constitutions.
The Cass County Republican. [volume] (Dowagiac, Mich.) 18??-1880, 1861-05-16
-A1ER'S
Ague Cure,
FOR THE SPEEDY cURE OF

Fun The SPEEDY CUfE OF
Intermittent Fever, or Fever and Ag1e,
Remittent Fever, Chill Fever, Dumb
Ague, Periodical Headache, or Billions
Headache, and Bilious Fevers, indeed
for the whole class of diseases origi-
mating i'm hillary arrangement, caused
by the Malaria of Miasmatic Coun.
tries.
We are enabled here to offer the community remedy
which, while it the above complaints with GER
tanty, still perfectly harmless in any quantity Such
remedy is invaluable in districts where these affecting
disorders prevail. This @CURE" expels the miasmatc
poison of FEVER AND AGuE from the system, and pre-
vents the development of the disease, if taken the
first approach of its premonitory symptoms 1t is not
only the best remedy discovered for this class of
complaints but also the cheapest The large quantity
supply for dollar brings it within the reach of every
body and in bilious districts, where FEVER AGuE
prevails every body should have it and freely both
for and protection. 1t is hoped this price will place
it within the reach of poor well the rich.
great superiority of this remedy any other
discovered for the speedy and certain of Intermit
tents is, that it contains Quinne mineral
quently it produces quinsm other injurious effects
whatever upon the constitution. Those cured by it are
left healthy if they had never had the disease
Fever and Ague is not alone the consequence Of the
masmac poison. great variety of disorders arise from
its irritation, among which Neuralgia. Rhemqtsn,
Govt, Headache, Blindness 7ootlache Edrache, Ctarrh,
Asthma, Palpitatiss, Painful affection Of The Spleen,
Mysteries, Pain in the Bowels Cblc, Paralysis, and De-
rangeent of the Stomach all of which, when originate
ing in this cause, put the Intermittent type, become
periodical. This "CuRE" expels the poison from the
blood, and consequently them all alike 1t is
invaluable protection to immigrants and persons travel
ling temporarily residing in the maarous districts If
taken occasionally daily while exposed to The nfec
tion that will be excreted from the SYSTEM and
accumulate in sufficient quantity to pen into disease.
Hence it is valuable for protection than cure
and few will suffer from Intermittents if they avail
themselves of the protection this remedy affords.
Prepared by DR.. j. G. Aver & Co.,
LOWELL, MASS.
n. B. HOLSTER and Asa Huntington, and by Drug
gists generally. may3-2y1
The Cass County Republican. [volume] (Dowagiac, Mich.) 18??-1880, 1861-05-16

One of the remedies for the striped
bug in melon and cucumber patches, is
recommended in the Philadelphia Far
naer Dc Gardener. 1t consistsin arrang-
ing the Matching of spring chickens as
to bring out the brood about the time
that the striped bugs appear, and then
set one or more coops, according to
the size, of the melon patch, among
the vines or hills each coop Containing
a brood of small chickens freely run
ing in and out of the coop, but keep
ing the dam carefully confined. These
little chicks he found the most indus
trious and vigilant scavengers that he
ever met with. Not bug escapes
them, whether they are on the vine OF
on the earth, and they pick them off so
easy and daintily, without doing the
least injury to the melons, or even dis.
turbing a single leaf. BY the time
that the brood of chicks get old enough
to scratch, a younger brood can be
substituted, and the older ones remov-
ed.
The Cass County Republican. [volume] (Dowagiac, Mich.) 18??-1880, 1861-05-16
A Good WhiteWash.

The Commercial Gazette contains
the following excellent receipt for a
whitewash, or wash of various colors |:
Whitewash is one of the most valu.
able articles in the world when proper.
ly applied. 1t prevents not only the
decay of wood, but conduces greatly
to the healthfulness of the buildings,
whether of wood or stone. Out build
i1gs and fences, want once or twice
every year good coat of whitewash,
which should be prepared in the follow
ing way Take clean water-tight
barrel, or other suitable cask, and put
into it half bushel of lime. Slack it
by pouring water over it, boiling hot.
and in sufficient quantity to cover it five
inches deep, and stir it briskly till
thoroughly Stacked. When the slack
ing has been affected, dissolve it in
water, and add two pounds of sulphate
of zinc, and one of common salt.
These will cause the wash to harden,
and prevent its cracking, which gives
an unseemly appearance to the work
If desirable a beautiful cream color
may be communicated to the above
wash, by adding three pounds of yell
low ochre; or good pearl or lead
color by. the addition of lamp, vine or
ivory black. For fawn color, add four
pounds umber-Turkish or American,
the latter is the cheaper-one pound
Indian red, and one pound of common
lampblack. For common stone color
add four pounds of raw lumber. and
two pounds lampblaok. This wash
may be applied with common white.
wash brush, and will be found much
superior, both in appearance and dura-
bility, to common WhiteWash,
The Cass County Republican. [volume] (Dowagiac, Mich.) 18??-1880, 1861-05-16

! stood on the brink in childhood,
And watched the bubbles go
From the rock .fretted sunny ripple
To the smoother lymph below;
And over the white creek bottom,
Under them every one,
Went golden stars in water,
All luminous with the sun.
But the bubbles break on the surface,
And under, the stars Of gold
Break, and the hurrying water
Flowed onward, swift and cold.
stood on the brink in manhood,
And it came to my weary heart
In my breast SO dull and heavy,
After the years of SMART
That every hollowest bubble
Which over my life had passed,
Still into its deeper current
Some sky west CLEAN had cast;
That, however, Knocked it gaily.
And guessed at his hollowness,
Still shone, with each bursting bubble,
One star in my soul the less.
AtlGntic Monthly.
The Cass County Republican. [volume] (Dowagiac, Mich.) 18??-1880, 1861-05-16

From the Western Il. r. Gazette, Chicago, Ill.,
We heartily endorse Mr.. Spalding, and his un
rivalled Cephalic Pills.
The Cass County Republican. [volume] (Dowagiac, Mich.) 18??-1880, 1861-05-16
NEUTRALITY-SUSPICIOUS. SALE,


NOTICE is hereby given, that by virtue of
IN license granted by Clifford Shanahan, Judge
of the Court of Probate in and for the County of
Cass, in the State of Michigan, l shall offer for
SALE at public auction: The west half of the south
west fractional quarter of section thirty, in town.
ship six south of range thirteen west, containing
sixty acres of land. The west half of the north
west fractional quarter of section thirty -one, in
town and range as above, containing forty acres
of land. And the north part of the south half of
the northeast fractional quarter of section thirty
SIX IN township six, south OF range fourteen west
Michigan, Saturday, the twenty-fifth day of
May next, between the hour of nine o'clock in the
forenoon and the setting of the sun the same day,
on the premises above described, for the payment
of the debts of Jonathan w. Lewis, deceased, and
the costs and charges of Administration, subject
to the right of dover of Rebecca A. Lewis, widow
of said deceased.
JEREMIAH r. GRENELh,
Administrator, De bones non.
April g. 1861. ap11-51w6
The Cass County Republican. [volume] (Dowagiac, Mich.) 18??-1880, 1861-05-16
GUARDIAN SALE.

GUARDIAN SALE.
NOTICE is hereby given, that by virtue of a
IN license granted by Clifford Shanahan, Judge
of Probate for Cass County, Michigan, 1 shall
offer for sale at public auction The undivided
one-third part of village lots number forty-nine
(49) and one hundred and thirty-four Q34,) in
Patrick Hamiton's addition to the village of
Dowagiac, subject to the life estate of David Gibbs
Saturday the fifteenth day of June next between
the hour of nine o'clock in the forenoon and the
setting of the sun the same day, on the premises
above described, as the property of Frances
Louisa Gibbs, minor.
DAVID GIBBS,
may2-2w6 Guardian.
The Cass County Republican. [volume] (Dowagiac, Mich.) 18??-1880, 1861-05-16
From the Advertiser. Providence.

FROM the Adoerttser, fT0Ctdence, H. Il
The Cephalc Pills are said to be remarkabl
effective remedy for the headache, and one of tn
very best for that very frequent complaint whic
has ever been discovered.
The Cass County Republican. [volume] (Dowagiac, Mich.) 18??-1880, 1861-05-16

CAUTION.
As certain unprincipled persons are attempting
to palm off on the unsuspecting public limitations
of NV PREPARED GLUE, l would caution all
persons to examine before purchasing, and see
that the full name,
wSPALDING'S PREPARED GLUE, al
is on the outside wrapper all others are swindling
counterfsits, nov22-31yl
The Cass County Republican. [volume] (Dowagiac, Mich.) 18??-1880, 1861-05-16
CHANCERY NOTICE.

CHANCERY NOTICE.
CTATE OF MICHIGAN.-The Circuit Court for
y the County of Cass in Chancery.-Second
Judicial Circuit.
Mary Cloves At a session of said Court
County, on the 4th day OF
rs. april, 1s6l.-Present, Hon.
Joseph A. Cloves, orable Charles w. Clisbee,
Defendant. Circuit Court Commissioner.
1t satisfactorily appearing to the Court that the
Defendant Joseph A. Cloves is q nonresident of
this State and resides in the State OF California:
On motion of c. Shanahan, Solicitor for the Com
plainant. it is ordered that said Defendant cause
his appearance to be entered in this cause and file
an answer to the Compainants Bill in three months
from the date of this order and in default thereof
that the said bill be taken confessed by the said
Defendant: 1t is further ordered that within
twenty days the said Complainant cause this order
to be published in the Cass County Republican, a
newspaper published at Dowagiac, in said County
of Cass, and that said publication be continued in
said newspaper at least once in each week for siS
successive weeks, or that she cause copy of this
A. Cloves at least twenty days before the time
above prescribed for his appearance.
CHARLES W. CLISBEE,
Circuit Court Commissioner.
G. SHANAHAN, Compartments Solicitor.
County of Cass. S. l hereby certify the
the above entitled cause on the 4th day of April
A. ID. 1861.
CHARLES G. LEWIS,
Register in Chancery.
Cass County Clerks Office, April 5th, A. d. 1861
apl1-51w6
The Cass County Republican. [volume] (Dowagiac, Mich.) 18??-1880, 1861-05-16

From tie Southern Path Finder, Neao Orleans, La
Try them you that are afflicted and we are sure
that your testimony can be added to the already
numerous list that has received benefits that no
other medicine can produce.
The Cass County Republican. [volume] (Dowagiac, Mich.) 18??-1880, 1861-05-16

From the Kanaecha Talley Star, Kandaeha, "a.
We are sure that persons suffering with the head
ache, who try them, will stick to them.
The Cass County Republican. [volume] (Dowagiac, Mich.) 18??-1880, 1861-05-16
LUMBER

THE subscriber would respectfully inform the
i citizens of Dowagiac and vicinity, that helis
ready to fill bills for Houses Barns. &C.. at short
notice. Having a supply of Studding, Joist,
Boards, &c. on hand, also. a quantity Of good
Logs on the Yard he feels confident that all those
wanting Lumber at short Office anda good article
~ Mill situated onemile west OF Dowaglac on
the Greek. JOHN II. VAkLEl Sr- :
Dowagiac, October 25th, 1860. oct2o-27H
Memphis daily appeal. [volume] (Memphis, Tenn.) 1847-1886, 1861-09-25
Cherokee Cure!

an u~nfsiling cure fer SEMINAL Weakness, Nocturnal
Emissions, Ing1leaey loss e Power, Pains in the
sack, Stone il ths Bladder, Distracted and DiHe1lt
Eonztrsution sni ali diseases caused yy d~ovtgt.ns from
tae pats OF nature. sBd infringing in s9if-PolutIon.
~ the use CT this Cure all improper discharges arc
removed, The weakened organs or generation sre
speedily cureu, and foil yIgor restored
Eithe sex, contemplating marriage. shocl5 reject
that 5 sound mtsd and body are necessary TO Proral
connu5ial happiness.
II the GaegoA5s Care the poor, dslili.-to5. war.
and Departing IevcLss eli sga5sai pleasure.
ana relief.
Il is SAFE ana piesssut ia Taste, bul lE-lel.sr5 Ia its
seton containing no mineral poison. but d rr..a
from pure vegetable extracts, ia the 5orm OF d delicious
syTgn.
Price s. per hottie, or three oztrss ,T So, ara tar-
WaEdo. by expires 60 AL UaItsyt .-. aa.-.
Sold by al Respectable druggists ."n-FEL ero.
POTTEl s 5U s.oaTi-tcr.
Sole Pr6urictCTs, e. J-E@r-ru-a-, la-r rH. .r..
general dealers il al popular family uia7-t-sa, a.s
phis, TrEl.
70 Sold n Hamphis by All res2onst 70 d~russlstz
mr-e-Ltwawly
Memphis daily appeal. [volume] (Memphis, Tenn.) 1847-1886, 1861-09-25

ErMWO0D CEMETEEY.-Tbis company, at
g- omueucsmsnI II tue war, very literally donated
aud ctapsrt q Tor q ground fer the lurposeot bsrying,
free OF chzrgs, al soldiers ~ho may die hoaora5y in
defense o. cur Liberties. We learn frsm CAPT. Lenov,
the president q the company, tina he has enlarged the
ground by changing Ole OF the dives which is a great
Improvement &c g. and it is now ample for the paTPose.
In The center Of the lot is a circle # twelve fcetiu d.
ame-e, sar .he erection O. a m6uume1t, which our patri-
eIe ci.z=as vii no doubt raise to The memory Of The
brsve Sold es who lave fallen in defense Of our c5un-
ry- The grounds Of * mvoo5 are continually receiving
sub-tsatiai Improvements, and they are beauliaed and
za5rned in 70 handsome a manner thst 3. rejects credit
urcH de tslts a2d u1lrins industry q he president
OF The company who deso,es SO much time and atten-
ion. u
Memphis daily appeal. [volume] (Memphis, Tenn.) 1847-1886, 1861-09-25

Foz vIcKsBURG.-The splendid Grst-class steamer
Il. D Near, Captain Berry. wul leave as above al 3
O'Clock on Tins evening. Jerry Il. Banks azd J. C..
AcManus, agents
FOR PINE BLUFF AND LITTLE ROCE-Tbs splen-
did PASSENGER steamer Chester ASHLEY. Fritchard, mas
ter, leaves as a,oye his evening all orlock. Larry
Harmstsd, sgeut.
FOR CLAREBDoS y JACKsONFOBT.-The spIeu-
did % seHser packet CT. 2CJgai, CapJ Quisenberry,
viii leave as above tals day st5 O'clock P II. Lars
Harms 20 IS b-errceut.
Memphis daily appeal. [volume] (Memphis, Tenn.) 1847-1886, 1861-09-25

The TABLEAUX VIYANTs.-The entertain
ment Ia nieht. gIv.n-for the bs-ca- Of the soldiers
was d. cideIy the ane af The season. e~zcelling anything
flhekind thatwe have yet seen, aud CT swizg one otthe
lsrges. ard most brilliant Audiences ever congregated
in The theaier. Socrowdsd was the house, that many
Of the ladies' were forced TO sit il the galleries. The
" wreath o. Beauty " oousis- ing Of a f~el.citous inter
blending sibeaut!ful flowers and beautiful sirls pre-
ssntsd one ofthe most magnificent pictures OF The eve
nj g'SplrorGsa, and was second TO none, perhaps, ex-
cspt Jacobs Drszm" which cannot be spoken OF as
regards the elegance and taste with which it was de
signed. in terms tco complimentary. The Brigsnd's
watch and Prsyer"' The Literature and the Arts" snd
the "sc-ne from hamlet" were also excellent. We
think tho Entertainment wiz vel beer repetition, aud
draw q full house another tiHs
Memphis daily appeal. [volume] (Memphis, Tenn.) 1847-1886, 1861-09-25

All advertisements and cards for insertion
in the morning APPEAL, should, if possible, be
handed to the chief clerk in the counting
room before six O'Clock P. n, the evening pre-
vious to their appearance. After that hour
they Will receive attention only if handed to
the foreman Of the composing room, on the
eernrd floor.
Memphis daily appeal. [volume] (Memphis, Tenn.) 1847-1886, 1861-09-25

A~RsIvALs Among the arrivals at the
Ga7o.o s~esterdsy. we're Gen. n. JET Thompson d
c.. wm. J. Preston Of the C. s. A., ard Ken hattoa-
tyell, Gen Ihomp-ca's Indian Orderly, Gen, J P
Clark, late nrm5er Q s. Congress; d.. Phnm, Of St
louis p. B someryer. E=q, representative fer Fay
et-e, Shelby and Upton, to the State Legislature, is
s.as Jag at tae wor5uam house.
Memphis daily appeal. [volume] (Memphis, Tenn.) 1847-1886, 1861-09-25
.FFW"

20 uAAh 4esEBF EEsA ~ ~
NEEAPEIs IND ARKANSAS zfyER
W COEFEDERATH STATES HAIL 49,
Line -rue above line WIZ, daring lgWAA
water Ia the Arkansas river, rua small boats from Ma
Do con TO 1.-the R1cE-
PASSENGERS leaving Memphis On Ho-days, Wstnes-
DAYS s8d Saturdays, cSHnect directly with these boats
next day Of Napoleon. They leave Napoleon sunday.
Tuesday and IhursIay evenings, sLd cInsct d~irsctaRt
Little Rock viii cozc1es fsr Hot Sy-Iags and FSr
smith. FOR farther Information ETpiv 70
J3a= D. ADf.- P-cp-i-1F. CT
ARe st&srAD Agent.
jy3G-Sms Corner MADISON street. s~- Froat r1v.