, 1861-12-04

arc repaired anu opcneQ u LIE dos E1AeASr
sle already gives seven regiments to the cause
of the UnIoil, and none tothe enemy; nnd her /
people, at q rcgu1ar election, have sustained |
lie Union By a large majority and larger ag-
cregatc vote than they ever before gave to any |
clndidnte or any question =
now DECIDEDLY and unchangedly ranged on !
the side of the Union. Missouri is conpara- |
lively quiet, and I believe cannot again be
oycrrun by the insurgents These three States
Of Maryland, Kentucky, and Missouri, neither
Of which would promise single soldier NJ
first, hare now m aggregate Of not less tnan
citizens not more than 4 third in number arc
among the insurgents, and they OF doubtful
whereabouts and existence.
After asoInewhat bloody struggle Of months,
winter closes on the Union people Of Western
Virginia, leaving them masters Of their oWn
country. An iusurgcnt force Of about 15D,
for months dominating the narrow pcninsulaF
region constituting the counties Of Aceomac
and Northampton. and known as the tEastcrn
Shorcn Of ViTginia, together with some con-
tignous parts of Maryland, have hid down
their allegiance to and accepted the protection
Of tic fug. THIS lcayes no armed insurrec-
tion north Of the Potomac Or east Of the Chcs-
apeale.
Also, We have obtained . footing at each Of
the Isolated points on the Southern coast Of
A4+AkIN4sS: tlG AUNAl, = GEE 1S4A4tA% tuSAE EI-
Eannah, )and Ship Island, and we likewise have
some generll accounts Of popular movements
il behalf Of the Union in North Carolina and
Tennessee. These things demonstrate that
the cause Of the Union is advancing steadily
Southwark.
GENERAL SCOTT.
SINCE your last adjournment Lieutenant
General Scott has retired from the head Of the
army. During his long Life the nation h;,s NOT
been unmintlfnl Of bis merit, yet on calling to
mind how faithfully, ably and brilliantly hc
has served the country from Il time FIR back in
our history, when few Of the now living had
been born, and thenccforward continually,
cannot but think that we are still lis debtor
submit, therefore, for your consideration,
what further mark of recognition is due to
him, and ourselves as grateful people.
| GEN. MCCLELLAN.
| With the retirement Of Gen. Scott came the
executive duty Of appointing in his stead 4
Gcneral-in- Chief Of the army. It is q fortunate
circumstances that neither in council nor
t country WIS there, SO far as know, any aif-
| ference Of opinion as to the proper person to
be selected. The retiring chief repeatedly ex-
pressed his Judgment in favor Of General
| Mcclellan for the position. and in this the MI
| ton suemcd to give an unanimous; concur
renee. The designation Of Gen. Mcclellan is,
therefore, in 4 considerable degree, the sclcc-
t ton OF the country rs well us Of the Executive
and hence there is reason to hope there Will
| be given him the confidence and corlial sur,-
port thus by fair implication promised, and
without which he cannot with so full efficiency
serve the country. It has been said that one
bud General is better than two good ones, and
! the saying is true if taken to mean no more
I than that m army is better directed by Il sin
glc mind, though inferior, tlmn by two supe-
| rior ones at variance ant, cross purposes and
| i'll those engaged can have none but conf
mon end in view, and can differ only As to the
| choice Of means. In storm at sea no one on
board can wish the ship to sink, and yet not
1lnfrequently all go down together because too
many will direct, and no single mind can be
allowed to control.
| AwAR CpoS FREE INSTITUTIONS.
It continues to develop that the insuIrcction
is largely, ifnot exclusively, war upon the
| first principle Of popular govcrnInent-th
! rights Of the people. Conclusive evidence Of
this i found in tue most grave and nlaturcly
| considered public documents, as well as in
rle general tone of the insurgents. In these
| documents we find the ahrid 11ncnt Of the cx-
istin!s right Of suffrage and the denial 10 the
people Of all to participate in tic selection Of
public officers except ths. Legislative body, ad-
/ socated with 1ahorcd arguments to pruyc that
large control OF the Government in the people
| is the SOURCE Of all political evil. Monarchy
| ngc from the power Of the people. In my
| present position, could scarcely he justified
were to omit raising q warning voice against
this approach Of returning desPotism. 1t is
/ gument should be made in Glyor of
popular institutions, hut there is
one point, with It's connections,
not so h,ckneycd lis most others, to which I
ask q brief attention. It is the effort to place
capital on an equal footing with, if not above,
| labor i'll the structure of Govt. It is assumed
that labor is available only i'll connection with
| capital; that nobody Elbors unless some
| body else, owning capital, somehow hy the
| use Oft induces him to labor. This assumed,
it is next considered whether If is best thai
capital shall hire labortrs and thus in
duce them to work by their own consent,
or buy them and drive them to it without
their consent. Haying proceeded SO far, it is
naturally concluded tltatal laborcrs arc either
| hired hborcrs or What we call Slaves. And
further, it is assumed, that whoever Is once i
hired 1al,orcr is fixed in that condition for
life. Now, there is no such relation between
| capital and labor, as assumed, nor is there any
such thing as Il freeman being fixed for life in
| the condition Of i hired laborcr Both of
these assumptions are false, and all infer,
ence5 from them arc groundlcss. Labor
is prior TO and independent OF capital.
Capital Is only the fruit Of labor, and never
could have existed if labor had not first exist
| cd. Labor is tho superior Of capital, and de-
series much the higher consideration. Capt.
tal has IT'S lights, which are y: worthy Of pro
|
that there is and probably always viii he, q
relation between labor and capital, producing
mutual benefit. The error is iu ass,1n:
ing that the whole labor OF a community
exists within that relation. A few men li..yv
capital, and that few avoid labor. and With
their capital hire or buy Il few to labor fol
them large majority belong to neither
c1ass-neithcr work for others nor have Others
working fog them. In most of the Southern
States, 4 minority Of the people of all color<
arc neither slaves nor masters; while in the
Northern large majority are neither hirers
sons and daughters, work for themselves on
their firms, in their houses aud III
their shops, taking the whole product
to themselves and asking no f.yors of capital
on the one hand, nor ofl1ircd laborcrs or s1aye=
on tic other. It is not forgotten THAT a con
siderable number Of persons nlinslc their owr,
Labor with capital; that is they labor with
their own hands, and also buy or hire others
to labor for thcm; but this is only Il mixed
and not distinct class. No prin
e.plc suited is disturbed By the exist
already been said, there is not of necessity any
such thing rs thefree hired lahorer being fixed
for that condition for life. Many independent
men, everywhere in these States, a few years
back in their lives, were hired laborcrs Til,
most prudent, pcnnilcss SSc= Sc=gss II the wnrllt
lanprs lpr wages awhile, aud saves Il snrp1u:
/ TtsIA "A4et Nv i'Gs t1bo t'E laHQ lot t3lTlStI
nc then labors on his own account, and al
to help him. This is tlc iusi
and generous and prosperous system
which opens tie way to all, gives hope to all
and the consequent energy, progress and i'm.
Proycment Of the condition to I'LL No men
living are morc worthy to bc trusted than
those who toll up or on from poverty. None
less inclined to- take Or touch aught which
they }tave not earned. Let them beware Of sur
TeHderlnG a political power which they alrcat,
possess, and which, if surrendered, will surely
bc used to close the door Of advancement
against such :is they, and to 1ix new disabili
ties and burdens upon them till all of liberty
slIall be lost.
From the first taking Of our national census
| to the hist ART 10 years, and We find our popu
latlon at the end Of the period eight times as
grcat as it was at the beginning The in
crease of those other things which men decn
| desirable las even 1aeen greater. We thu!
t hare at one view what tic popular principle
applied to Government, through the l1a;acLincr7
Of the States and the Union, has produced il
a given time, and also what, il tirmI,
maintained, it promises for the future
| lhere arr already among us thos
who, Il the Union be preserved, vii
live to sec it contain 2250, ,00O, ,6o0 The strus
glc OF to-day is not altogether for to-day I
is tor rast future also.
With firm reliance on Providence. all tb
more firm and earnest, let us proceed in th
great task which events have deYolved upon us
W1sn1se7os, Dec. Sd, EehAa ISL. A4''oi'S'
T1tf nfr.fr1 R1nnr