The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1861-01-13
TIL Z & II I 8 L S /.
iooNTINuEn IRON EIRsr PAGE

l
nopcse therefore, with great Difference 10 address my
self 70 the country upon the mcmenoas saoect, asking
she seeding than from those who reside within the adj
herring States. Union old, fixed settled saot OF tho
American people, resulting from convictions OF its nec
city and therefore not likely TO be hastily discarded
early States while existing as Colonies We're comts o.
thouqh rerfectly, through conrspr allegiance v
british When that allegiance ceased no ono vas
psesunptuous TO suppose political existence Compatible
WIN d.so9on and assfssyisc 81 sy PRO, them
saves also conederated States Aperenoe u war ana
:, nance from 1915 until 1857 only convinced ihe q me
.stssity OF converting that loose oeniederacy INTO
more perfect and perpetual Ip'on: Iney ac.ea NM
,nSae mo now on side threaten ana thfe VINO on
sne other rashly defy dsunon They considered tne
..tnuapce OF the vnsVn @ subject compromising no.
thing less tho safety and welfare OF AL the parts u
which the country composed, and the fate o. az en-
pre in many respects the most Interesting N me Noi
enter upcn the subject Of continuing the tnon now
deeply impressed with the same generous ana oya 9
vscton How could il be otherwise, when ins'esa -
snly thirteen the country s composed Of thirty
three parts and the empire embraces, lnseaa " uui
millions less than thirty millions oi lhisp.'1nsa
me founders OF tho constitution, moreover, Ie
gardsd the Union as no mere hauonai =, n
,can interest IN , .he seemed q them to have been
reserved for people OF this country 70 gne Wntn
societies Of men are really baee ar whe,ha eu
are forever destined to depend FOR tue POI tca contu
ttons on accident and ioree ,ne e h
misfortune the nation. how much more, SIR, would
~ overthrow now be calamity 70 mansinaY soMe
whatever form have, every individual citizen and
every state must cede TO IL some natural rights to invest
She government with the requisite power Inc simple
question therefore, for TO decide, while laying
aside all piqre passion and prejudice, ~ whether i con
the interests Of the people Of tbs country
10 remain for the general purposes OF peace and var
commerce inland and foreign postal communications AT
home and abroad the and disposition VI the pubic
Domain colonization the organization and admission Of
States and, generally, the enlargement OF empire,
one nation Under our present constitution than il would
be 10 divide themselves separate confcderaces
Skaesl Our country remains now as II was II l.ai--
composed not Of detached ami distant Territories Of
ubola kail
the temperate zone, with climates and SOILS hardy more
various than those OF France or OF Italy This slh a.
versty quickens and amphes manufactures ana com
Our rivers and valleys as improved BY art, fuE
nsh a system Of highways unequaiied n the world
purposes Of political ambition need not constitute an
element Of strife in the coniederacy Notwithstand
ing recent vehement expressions and manifestation OF
intolerance in quarters produced by intense par
e,san excemeat are, in fact, homogeneous people,
chiefly of stock, with accessions well assimat
ed We have practically, only one Language, one reli.
gion one system Of government, and manners and
sosto%s common to all Why, then, shall we not re,
aAlect OF every human society is safety security,
Dor which, II need be-, thov viii, aud they mast
sacrifice every other. This security OF two kinds
sne exemption from foreign aggression and Influence the
ether exemption from domestic tyranny and sedition
aonestic violence The Union has, thus FAR proved it.
seh an almost periee shield against such wars. The
s0Aptance, have now treaties With France, the Neither
lands, Great Britain Sweden, Prussia Spain Russia, Den
MARI McKee, Brazil AUSTRIA Turkey Chile sam, Nus
Portugal, New Granada, Hesse Cassel, Wurtembdrg,
China, Bavaria saxony Nassau, Switzerland, Mecken-
burg Schwerin, Guatemala the Hawaian Islands, San Sal
vador, Borneo, Costa Rica Peru Bremen the Argentine
Sonfederstion, Loo Choo, Japan, Brunswick Persia
Baden Belgium and Paraguay Nevertheless, the United
States within their entire existence under the federal
constitution, have had fragrant wars with only four
coast of Barbary, and have hal direct hostlities,
amounting TO reprisas ganst only two three more,
Uncn should divided into only confederaces Zach
them would need TO make many treaties we have
and OF course, would be liable to give as many
causes OF war DO. But know, from the sad
experience OF other nations that dsntegraton be-
gun inevitably continues until even the greatest empire
Cumbes into many parts Each confederation that shan
ultimately arise OF The ruin OF the Union will have
necessity for many treaties as have and VIII
INCUR liabilities for war as often as we now 90 by break
ing them. Il is the multiplication Of treaties ana the
want Of confederation that makes war the normal ccndi
ton Q! society IN Western Europe and IN Spanish Aner
II is union that, Notwithstanding our worldwide in
tercourse, makes peace the habit Of the American
people. viii not descend so low az 70 ask whether
Coniederaces would be able or willing TO bear
the griegous expense Of maintaining the d.2o-
matte relations which cannot be dispensed with
except by Withdrawing from foreign commerce.
our federal goyornml ut y better abe TO avoid
giving just causes OF than several conleieracies
Because II conform the action OF al the Siltns IA
conIac.s II have on's ono construction aua ony
tribunal % pronounce that construction 81 every
treaty. Local and Temporary interests and pass ons or
personal cupidity aud ambition can drive small coniede
yaces states more easily than great reptbc into in
discree. Violations IL treaties The Unted states being
great and formidable power can always secure lvora-
Die ard satisfactory treaties Indeed every treaty
h., 0 was voluntarily made Small confcderacies or
States must take such treaties as the en- get and give
whatever treaties cXscted. Illuminating, o. even
~ unsatisfactory treaty, chronic cause Vi foreign
The chapter Of wars resulting from unJlstLabie
causes would In case on division anpfy itself in pro-
port ~ the number oil new conlcdeaces and ter r
Inability. Our disputes with Great Britain about ore
gen the boundary Of Maine, the atrio nsnrrec,op in
Canada and the island Of san Junn-tne border ST. les
between Texas and Nexco--tAo ncursous Of the
sto william Walker into Mexico and Central America
all these were cases IN which war was prevente, only
by the impcrtu liability u the federal government This
government not only fewer causes Of whether
Iust Unjust, than smaller coniederaces would, but il
always greater ability to accommodate them by tue
OF more cooIness an courage, the asc o more
and liberal means, and the Display Il need
De oi ,reater force. Every knows how pa,aoe we
ourselves in controversies with Great Britain France
intercours Sc with New Granada Paraguay and Juan
% Nicaragua. Mr.. President, no one VIII dspate
ali il the safety Of each Of the states. While
they remain united, the federal government combines
States organizes their dcfcnces on one general
principle; harmonzes and sssimilaies them with
one system watches for them with single eye,
which in all directions and moves all agents
der the control Of one executive head nation so con-
sttuted s safe against assault or even insult War pro
strain upon credit The and credits Of small
would often prove inadequate Those of the
Union always ample. | have thus far kept out OF
view the relations which arise between the conede
yacies themselves They would be small and nconsdcr
able nations bordering each other and therefore,
cording TO all political philosophy, natural e.emics In
addition 70 the many treaties which each NUT MAKE with
foreign Powcr ana the causes of war which the would
give by violating them each Of the confcderacies mus,
Also maintain treaties with all tho others, aud be
liable 20 give them frequent offence. They would
necessarily have different interests resulting from
thcr establishment 81 different policies revenue,
oil mining, nanactgrcs and navigation, Of immigra.
ton and perhaps tn. trade. Each would stlpulae
with foreign nations for advantages peculiar TO itself and
injurious TO is ris ais IT. indeed IL necessary that
The Union should be broken up would be In tho last
degree important that the confedoaes to be formed
should be nearly poss bic equal in strength AMI
power that mutual fear and mutual respect might in
spirc them with csution against mutual offence But
ruh equality could not long be man tiued confcic
rsCy would rice in the scale Of political Importance and
Tho others would view .hencefor ward with envy and
Apr, herson. .Caousies would bring frequent aud
reta atory wars ant ell these from the peculiar
circumstances OF the cOnicderacies would have ths
lure and character of civil Dissolution therefore,
, FOR the people u This country perpetual civil To
mitigate u, AMI obtain occasional rest, what else
could they aocopt b1l the system Of adjusting the
balance Of power whign hae obtained u Europe in
which me te" .uonS matte, dictate lhs very ms