Daily national Democrat., 1861-09-11
,ntains and vet have adopted but few i'm

I must bc ItiHtNieu
| do not propose IN ;lis address to point
out the various modes of rem-dying such
evils, or make any detailed suggestions upon
any subject ! can do no more upon an oc-
carion like this, than to gen ralize, and call
your attention to the more gl"ring defects in
hushaudry, and present suggestions for your
| consideration and reflection.
1t should be the first duty Of every farmer
to determine for what purpose his land is best
adapted Whether for grazing or grain; for
a meadow, vineyard or orchard, and of what
improyenrent it is susceptible of for any Of
these purposes, and then he will be able to
Judge whether it will be more advantageous
or expedient to use it for the cne or the
other.
Ii the land is TO be devoted to grazing or
meadow, then great care should be taken to
provide for the seeding Of the natural grasses
or other crops, yielding pasture or hay; as
on most of the land in 80 dry climate, the
new crop springs from the seed aud not from
the root consequently, il the pAsturing is
too close or the moving too early, failure
Of Il successive crop i sursaaO follow. 1t is
for this reason that the once natural pasture
fields and hay grounds have become barren
and uulrodocliyo Of the grasses If the
land is to be devoted to grain calculations
should be made in the arrangements OF fields
for following and for rests, and provisions
made Tor restoring to the ,and all the refuse
OF the crop, and sufficient nourishment to
reI leH,h the exhaustion produced.
If an orchard or vineyard is to be planted,
care should be taken to select the fruits best
adapted to the kind and nature Of the soil
or soil should be selected at is best adapted
to tine kind of fruit You de,gn to grow. BY
care in such selection, the raising of fruits
could be made profitable. Most Of the traits
OF trade raised along the Mediterrane II could
be successfully cultivated in It's State-tut
they can never be grown to advantage by
the iudiscriminate planting on unsuitable,
and uncongenal soils. 1t is IA matter of re-
greet that so many vineyards have been
planted upon our low bottom lands of varie-
ties Of grapes that are lone suited to higher
grounds Time will prove that such vine
yards will neither yield a fine table grape,
or make good wine. II is to our plain lands
and foot hills that we must look for the sue
cessful cultivation of grapes, aud the proiita-
bic production of wine. The history of the
world shows that the grape has never been
cultivated to any considerable extent in val
leys In Palestine, in Italy, in Germany and
France, it has been grown principally Oh the
South slopes Of the mountains. Near.y "A
thousand year before Christ we are told that
. Uzlah, King of Judah, built towers in the
desert, and digged many wells, for he had
much catJle, both in the low country and IN
the plains husbandmen also and vine dress
ers III the mountains ana in the carmel for
he loved hu,bandry." In short period of
time. the continual il!ing up Of cur rivers by
deposit: accumulatlug from the workings Of
our mines, viii render the low bottoms along
3 T.. .t,l g.. h. I.
and ,uJ ject the crop TO thai most deadly enc
my the vidium or miidew, the well known
blight Of all vineyards in Europe.
In view Of the consequences it may be well
to provide for such contingency, 20 as to be
able to render these low and oyelfowed
bottoms useful. There are but two kinds Of
grapes within my knowledge that are adapt
ed to river bot oms. One is the native wild
grape that grows along our river banks and
the other is the grape of Coriuth. The
former Is a small, dark grape, and possesses
more properties for dark wine than that OF
any known grape. 1t yields its own coloring
matter, has sufficient body, alcohol. sa.ha
rine and acid, and is possessed Of an aroma
for wine that is unequnled by any known
grape. by careful cultivation II could Toe i'm
proved in $ u and thus rendered one of the
best line grupes---beiug INDIGENOUS to our
bottom lands it would not be affected tv the
oveIllows or subject to the blight. The grape
OF Corintb is a native Of the Gulf of Cornth,
and is commonly known as the Inute Cur
rant Of Commerce.. Its cultivation requires
low, damp soil, reteutye OF moisture and in
capable Of thorough drainage. On The Island
Of /inte tone Of the lonian Is.aud-) this
grape is principally grown for drying lis
fruit, and allordsa great profit In Ctphu-
lonia they 0anuiacture from this grape some
Of the best OF wines, from vines grown in the
very beds Of the spring water courses and
flooded every year From the known char
acteristcs OF this grape, and its adoption to
low, moist grounds, there is every reason to
believe that it could be more adyanta.eously
cultivated on our low valley lands than any
other variety. And in view OF the constau,
annual elevation of the river beds it is to br
hoped that some one viii try the experiment
and thereby prove its od,ptutihIy to OR al
luyial soils.
Ia the cultivation ofall your lands, wheih-
or Intended for the grains, the grapes, for
Vineyards Or orchards deep ploughing, OF sub
soliug, should be praeiised Upon the dry
plain lands no crop should be put in without
subsoiling. The increased yield would more
than pay for the expense OF so doing, while
thereby the land is guarded from exhaustion
by successive cropping.
a matter Of Importance, which has been
greatly overlooked 10y our farmers, is tue
raising of mules draft horses and carriage
horses. The demand for these nnim,l5 is very
great and must continue to be ON this coast
for many years. The great trade with the
mountains must be carried on 10y te4p,s Oar
cities and towns and the farmers uluN look 10
the mountains for their supply Of timber for
their building and fencing purposes, and the
mining districts must rely upon the valleys
tor their supplies, and these must he Trans
ported 10y teams. BESIDES, as remarked to
you last year, which provoked a smile, you
have lying to the eastward Of you vast
country abUunding in mineral wealth, that is
destined at no distant day to be deyeuI ed
his country when settled, whether toy
miners farmers traders or mechanics nus
be supplied from the Pacific coast, and such
supplies must be transported across the 81
erras. Already, since my last address 10 you,
the astounding mineral Developments of Ne
vada Territory have drawn population and
stimulated enterprises, that have given
trade of ten times THAT il was then and that
has proportion ,bly increased the amount of
freighing. In respect to carriage horses,
their demand must increase with the increas-
ed growth Of our cities and towns, and the
increased trade of the country They will be
required or pleasure and for business COM
muuicution.
Regarding the breeding Of horued cattle
there Is much to be taken into consideration
BY improyidence and neglect your pastures
have almost failed though your acres of pas
tnre lands have not been materially diuln-
o..