The daily exchange. [volume] (Baltimore, Md.) 1858-1861, 1861-02-27
PRICE TWO CENTS.
PROPOSED EXPORT DUTY on COTTON

PROPOSED EXPORT DUTY ON COTTON.
In the Southern Congress- on Thursday last, Mr.
I. r. Cobb, Of Georgia. offered the following
| resolution:
ReSored That the Committee on Finance he instructed
to inquire into the expedency of laying an export duty
on all raw cotton which may be exported from the Con-
federated states to any foreign country by any other
channel than through the seaports of this Conederacy
MIR. Cobb, in submitting this resolution, made
the following remarks:
not prepared to discuss the policy of levying
such duty. That have the power there can
be no doubt apprehend that are conscious Of the
power We hold in hands by of producing
that staple so necessary to the world doubt not that
power will exert influence mightier ian armies and
! navies. We know that by emba' go could soon
place. not only the United States but many of the Eu
ropean Powers under the necessity of eecng between
such recognition of our independence require
! domestic cOnvulsons at home.
THE information in possession to justify
such inquiry the resolution proposes It'll that
some of the cotton produced in this Confederacy is
already seeking a channel to the We in
formed that at Pitsburg Pennsylvania, than 10000
bales of cotton have already been received conveyed
thher up the Mississippi aGd Ohio rivers. We are also
informed that than 20 600 bales of cotton from Rome
Georgia have been sent by railroad port
folk and Alexandria. We further informed that the
directors OF the railroads connecting with the principal
lines in our territory, concertng schemes for
the purpose of reducing reigh those roads,
IN tha way to 2ntice cotton to markets in Northern
ports.
The result ofsuch course if successful, would, in
the first place. necessarily be to make blockade Of
ports matter of Importance to foreign nations sec
ondy, it would destroy all with our own sea
ports; and thirdly, and important of all it would
compel us to receive all the imported goods might
need after paying duties them in New York city
These considerations have induced me to offer this reso
luton of inquiry. do not think that the resolution
should elicit discussion at the present time but after
the Committee on Finance have made their report it
body" ~
The resolution adopted.
SoREE OF THE CorroN YARN TRADE IN GLASGOW.
The annual soiree in connection with the cotton
yarn trade was held on the 1st, in the Trades Hail.
Glasgow. The chair was occupied by Gilbert
Beth, ESQ.
The Chairman, after an historical review ofthe
cotton trade, to show what vast proportions this
trade has attained in our country since I79O-T0
years ago-said | shall give a few statistics
showing what the compass of the trade was in 1890
1870, and 1859; and let me here explain that until
loz0, no absolutely correct statistics of the cotton
trade were framed SO that my figures referring to
1870, although believe it to be substantially cor
rect are come at in roundaboutwa There was
imported Of raw cotton to this country, in 1870,
3lO0O00O lb; 1920, 152,00O,O00 lb 1859, 200 OOO
600 b which taking the value at Cd. per Id, stands
thus-l790 G770 900; 1920, &3, 800, 600; 1859, $780,
100000; being increase in 1920 1890 of near
! ly lO0O Or look at it in another light. The value
OF all kinds of goods manufactured from cotton in
| this cOuntry-taking them at the value of 1859
was, In 1890 E2OOOO00; in 1920 eli 900 900; 1859,
| G7l,OO0,000. OF this ell 600 900 manufactured in
| 1853, we exported to other countries G48, ,00O-
! 600, and consumed in own home trade
! f23, ,0OO,OOO-that is, our manufacturers sup
! ply the world with twice as many more
cotton goods as is required for our home cousump-
| tion applause At this moment there are
| working in Great Britain upwards of 2 800 cotton
spinning mills with 80 900, 000 spindles consuming
annually about 900, ,00O, 900 lbs. of cotton And
! there are upwards of 100000 power-looms weaving
the production of these mills into cloth; which has
afterwards to be bleached, and dyed and printed,
and finished, and packed and shipped and sold in
retail to the millions of this country and of all the
countries in the world. (Appause.) The amount
OF capital invested and afioat in conducting this
stupendous trade is computed at &200 900 000 and
the number Of human beings depending upon it for
their daily bread in this country is estimated at
something like 100000 souls And yet the trade
seems on y to be in its infancy. The machnists of
this country have perhaps never before found
| themselves So fully employed, and it is computed
that the production of new spindIes per week at
present is not less than Is 000 the rate of up
wards t2;0OO,OOO per year.-LiUerpooL Times, Feb
rUdrY 7.
THE SIEGE OF GAErA.-We take the following
from letter in the Constitutional dated on board
the frigate Garbaldi, Moa di Gaeta, 26th January:
take advantage OF few moments shore at
Moa to send you some details respecting the siege.
On the 2lst. about 10 o'clock, an experiment was
made with the electric light from General Caldi-
mis- residence to throw light upon Gaeta, so as to
enable the arterymen to point the guns with pre-
cisiOn. On the 22d, at A. NJ, while 900 men
were working at the parallels, the fortress opened
terrible fire with 200 guns at once. cur camp
Immediately replied to it, and the squadron at the
same time received orders to mannuvre. At |
A. M, the Admiral gave the signal for departure,
and ordered the commander OF the Garibaldi to |
lead the attack. At 10 A. NJ, the Garbaldi was |
in full way on the fortress At IL she opened fire
against the eastern batteries with view to silence
them, and at the time to throw shells into the
fortress. In this she succeeded. The other vessels
of the squadron soon Joined in the attack. at 5
O'Clock in the afternoon the Admiral ordered the
firing to cease, to give rest to the During
the night all the vessels remained in front Of Gaets
the gun-boats alone continued the attack. On the
23d the Admiral after expressing his thanks to the
Commander of the Garibaldi left for Mola, only
leaving the Garibaldi, steam frigate and two gun
boats TO cruise before Gaeta. In the space of six
hnHrS nDr tCiSota -srrt So ,G1l TF"isW l.S .FtJio
damage. The steam irigate Constitutions had two
men killed and three wounded. One of the gun
boats suffered a similar loss. The frigate Maria
Adelaide lost one of her band, and had three men
wounded.
In the camp the explosion of powder maga-
zine caused the death of captain and % men.
The steamer Etna, which Francis III. brought with
him when he left Naples, was sunk in the port
with 80 men on board, who all perished The at
tack caused considerable damage to the fortress.
II is suspected that great discouragement prevails
in the garrison, 1872 men deserted during the
night Of the 23d
Naw METHOD OF REFINING SUGAR.-Th follow
ing communication from Thomas G. Clemson, Su-
perintendent of Agricultural Affairs in the Patent
Office at Washington, appeared in the National
MtelligeGcer of yesterday:
Editors: Through the European correspondence
of this Office information has been received of i'm
portance to all persons interested in the anufac-
ture of sugar; the general import of which | shall
briefly state, in the expectation OF being en-
abed to place minute account before the public.
1t relates to new process of clarifying sugar,
whether obtained from Cane, Sorghum, Imphee,
Maple, or Bee, t,wthOut the use of animal black, by
adding to the syrup ethousandth part of pas-
ter (sulphate of lime;) and to process Of discol
oring sugar, by adding six per centum of the hy
drate of the peroxyde OF ron prepared by treating
a solution of the carbohydrate of iron with lime,
and washing the precipitate by agitation and de.
cantaton, or, as usual, upon a filter.
These simple processes may be tried, upon
small scale, at a nominal expense. The sulphate
of lime separates the abuminous substances, which,
if left united, would prevent refining.
If this method shall obtain in manufacturing su.
gar from the substances herein named the economy
will be great; tUrl am informed that essays made
in France in the manufacture of beet sugar demon
strae an increase in the product of about 80 per
/ cent.
| MARRIAGES IN MAssACHusETrs.-Th Registration
Report records some singular facts connected with
the IL Is marriages in Massachusetts in 1859. The
! great ma iority of the persons married were be-
the ages Of 20 and 80; the average age at marriage
| being 2S.4 years for men. and 24.6 for women. Of
the men, however, only 1875 were under 20, while
/ 2,474 brides under that age. And of those
above so and under 35, the men numbered ,349,
but the women only 7l3. 1t is curious to observe
| ty, 10 were married for the second time. 1t ap-
pears, however, that less widows than widowers
| were married, the widows married numbering
| l,O33, and the widowers l, 1872 l6 widOwers were
married for the fourth time, and two for the filth
| time. Two widows were married for the fourth
time.
The age of the parties married shows some re-
| markable combinations and anomalies. Two ven
cradle widowers, each over eighty years of age,
were married in 1859; also one young lady OF II,
4 girls of 49, of IA, and II of Is were married
one of the girls of 13 o a of 50 and the girl
of II to husband of 81. One youth OF l6 was
married to lady of 81, and one bachelor Of 80 to
lady over 10, who was then married for the first
! time
CHANGES OF PoPULATIoN.-The increase of over
eight millions in our population during the last ten
wears contrasts wonderfully with the figures of
some of the recent European censuses Great
| Britain it is true, shows very fair rate or IN
crease, considering the extent of her emigration
But France, which sends cut but very few emf
grants, has increased only about quarter of a
million within period of five years. But it is a
still more remarkable fact that there has been dur
ing the last three years, diminution of the human
race in the Austrian Empire to the extent of two
million five hundred thousand. The population
! returns for 1860 show, according to the Vienna
Gazette, that the population is reduced to
thirty-sx millions, whereas in 1857 it amounted to
thirty eight and half millions. This is striking
proof of the orating tendencies of despotc
= government. Ground down by heavy taxes, shut
out from the invgorang exercise of their faculties
in the way that seems best to them, the people
languish and decay. Freedom is lite-giving, des'
potism is worse than epidemic. 1t is painful TO
, think that any of our own citizens should be SO
forgetful of these truths that they should not nesl-
tate to destroy our institutions and run the FISK OF
military tyranny rather than to endure the occa-