The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1861-12-04
Aeoounts Of popular movements IN behalf Of the
Union IN Essorth Carolina and Tennessee. THESE
things demonstrate that the course Of tho Union u
Advancing steadily southwark.

hccounts OF popular movements IN behalf OF tne
Union in Eorth Carolina and Tennessee. THESE
things demonstrate that the course Of the Union IL
advancing steadily southwark.
RETIREMENT OF GENERAL SCOTT.
Hince your last adjournment Lieutenant General
Bcott has retired from the head Of the army. Dur
ing his long life the nation has not been I'M
mindful Of his merit, yet on calling to mind
how faithfully, ably and brilliantly he has
served the country from o time far back
n our history, when few Of the now living haS
been born and thenceforward continually, cYn.
not but think that we are still his debtor sub
nit therefore, for your consideration what fprther
mark Of recognition is due to him and ourselves as
. grateful people.
APPOINTMENT OF GENERAL MCCLELLAN AS COMMAND
ER-INCHIEF.
With the retirement of General Scott came the
executive duty of appointing in his stead
al-in.chief Of the army. 1t is fortu-
nate circumstance that mel thern council nor coun-
Try was there, 80 far % knew, any difference of
opinion as to the proper person to be selected.
The retiring chief repeatedly expressed his
judgment in favor Of General Mcclellan for the po
sition, and in this the nation seemed to give
unanimous concurrence. The designation Of Gene.
Sal Mcclellan il therefore in o considerable degree
the selection Of thecountry as well as Of the Ex-
ec0tive and J<ence there is better reason to hope
mere Will be- given him the confidence and cordial
support titus by fair implication promised, and
without hach he cannot with so full efficiency
serve the. country. 1t has been said that one bad
general n better than two good ones, and the saying
- truey II taken to mean no more than an army
- be der directed by single mind, though snfe-
rlor than by two superior ones at variance and
Gre 90 purposes. And the game is true in all joint
Operations wherein those engaged can HAYS none
3 nt ccirmon end in view, and can differ only as
TO the sehoice of means. Inc storm at sen no one
ON board wish the ship to sink, and yet not I'M
frequently all 60 down together, because TOO many
i,-willdirect and no single mind can be ellowed to
,~crtrol.
THE RESURRECTION rs AGAINST THE RIGHTS OF THE
PEOPLE.
It continues to develope that theinsurrection is
largely, if not exclusively, war upon the first
principle of popular government-the rights Of
the people. Conclusive evidence of this is found
In the most grave and nlaturey considered public
documents rs well as in the general tone of
the insurgents. In these documents we find
the Infringement of the existing right of suffrage,
and the denial to the people Of all right to partic-
pate in the selection Of public officers, except The
Legislative body, advocated with labored argu
ments to prove that large control OF the govern
ment in thepeople is the source of all politcsi
evil. Monarchy itself is sometimes limited at assn
possible refuge from the power OF the people Ar
my present position could scarcely be justified
were | to omit raising warning voice against
this appros ch of returning despotism.
CONSIDERATION OF cAr1TAL AND LABoR-roPUhAR
RTanTs AND POPULAR INSTITUTIONS.
It is not needed nor fitting here that generay
argument should be made in favor OF popular nsti-
buttons; but there is point with its connections,
not so hackneyed as most others, to which ask a
brief attention. 1t is the effort to place capa, on
an equal footing with, if not above labor in the
structure of government 1t is assumed that labor
Is available only in connection with capital; that
nobody iabogs unless somebody else owning capi-
tai, somehow BY the use Of IT, induces him &c lthor
This assumed, 1t is next considered whetee It is
best that capital shall hire laborcTs ard Tins ia-
duce them TO work by their own consent, Of buy
them and drive them to it without teir consent.
Having proceeded SO fan, il Is naturally CON
cluded that all aborcrs are either Hired la
borers what we cal slaves; and farther,
it is assumed that whoever is once hired
hborer is fixed in Giat condition for hie
Now there is no such relation between CAPT
tai ard labor as assumed, nor is there
any such thing as d free man being fixed for
life in the condition Of hired laborer Boa Of
these assumptions arc false, and all inferonccs
from them are grouadless. Labor Is prior to aud
independent Of capital Capital il only tie fruit
of labor and could have never existed If labor had
not first existed. Labor is tie superior OF capital
and deserves much the higher consideration.
Capital has It's rights which are as worthy
Of protection as any other right. Nor is il
denied that there is, and probably always Will Be,
q relation between labor and capital predicting
mutual benefits. The error is III assuming that tic
whole labor of % community exists within dat
relation. few uen own capital, and that
few avoid labor themselves, and with their
capital hif9 or buy another few to labor for them
A large majority belong to neitler class; neither
work for others nor have Others working for them.
In most of the Southern States majority Of tie
whole people Of all colors are neither slaves nor
masters, while in the Northern large majority
are neither hrcrs nor hired. Men with their fsrli-
lies, wives, sons and daughters work for them
selves on their fans, in their housce and in their
shops, taking the whole product to themselves,
ard asking no fayors of capital on the
one hand, Dor Of hired aaorers or slaves
on the other. 1t is not forgotten
that considerable number ofpessons minglc their
own labor with capital-that il, they labor with
their own hands and also buy or hire others to
labor for them; shut this is only mixed and not 3
distinct class No principle statealia disturbed by
1.-The existence Of this mixed class.
Again, as has already been said. there is not, Of
lecessy any ouch thing as the free. hired laborer
Being fixed in that ccndtion for life. Many iude-
pendent men, egarywhere in these States, few
ycars back in thei- liyea, were hired laarers. The
,praaant, penniiesE hegger in the world labors for
wages awhile, saves q safpius with VII I'll 10 bny
iools o. land FOR HIMSELF, then labors on lis own
account another while and at length hires another
new beginner TO help him. This is the Just and
generous and prosperous system which opens tie
way TO all gives hope i. all, and consequent on.
ergy End progress and improvement of the ,ccadi-
ton CT all. No mon living arc more worthy to hc
trusted tlGp those who toll up from poverty;
none loss inclined to touch aught which