davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Cincinnati daily press. [volume] (Cincinnati [Ohio]) 1860-1862, 1861-01-05

A JUVENILE HERo.-The other afternoon,
on Little River, near Hartford, Conn, little
son of DIR. Mettler broke through a spot of
thin ice below. Charlie Champlin, a boy
thirteen years Of age, witnessed the accident
and ran to the rescue. Seeing the body
floating along under the thin transparent
ice, he quickly ran a short distance below,
seated himself where a cake of old ice made
it strong, kicked with his heels hole through
the thin ice Just ahead of the floating boy,
and stuck his legs through. The drowning
boy clutched his foot firmly, when Charlie
drew him to the opening, seized him with
his hands, and pulled him out aliVei He
was properly cared for.
Charlie Champlin is young hero. The
presence of mind, the Ingenious method
adopted, which not one in a hundred would
have thought of and the quick, prompt and
vigorous action were emarkable-nothing
less Would have saved the drowning boy
Twice before, while living at Higganum, in
the Summer of 1859, this same brave lad
jumped into the Connecticut River and res,
eued other boys struggling in deep water
Cincinnati daily press. [volume] (Cincinnati [Ohio]) 1860-1862, 1861-01-05

DEATH FRoM DAMAGED FLUE.-Allan
GilmouE Of Toronto, @. W. was lately
shown into bed. room Of the st. Lawrence
Hall, when from some arrangement Of the
hue the escape Of carbonio acid gas asphyxi-
ated him, He was not discovered in time to
save bis life. ah
Cincinnati daily press. [volume] (Cincinnati [Ohio]) 1860-1862, 1861-01-05

A Memo PueILIsT KILLED IS a FIaHr.-A
notorious negro pugilist at ST. Johns, N,
B., while drunk, had a s'setYt0p with an
other of abe same class, on Friday. A foul
blow felled him senseless; he never reoov-
cred, and died soon after, fit
Cincinnati daily press. [volume] (Cincinnati [Ohio]) 1860-1862, 1861-01-05

DEATH OF A ColuGUNIoNIsT.-Dr. Erman,
who was once in Texas as the leader of the
first Icarisn Colony, sent out by Cabet, died
at the Hayre Hospital in Paris, recently.
He Tenouneed in writing all his communion-
ist errors before he died. Poor mani With
his talents and capacity for labor and hon
orable character, he might have reached a
high position in the World-snd he died in 3
hospitAl lLl ..--.--.-- mn Ia ..L.L.l u
Cincinnati daily press. [volume] (Cincinnati [Ohio]) 1860-1862, 1861-01-05
How the Evacuation of Fort MouItrIe was
Effected.

The Charleston Mercury gives the follow
ing particulars Of the evacuation of Fort
Moultrie
The evacuation of the fort commenced a
little after sundown on Wednesday evening.
The men were ordered to hold themselves
in readiness, with knapsacks packed, at a
moments notice, but up to the moment of
their leaving had no idea of abandoning the
post. They were reviewed on parade, and
were then ordered to two schooners lying in
the vicinity, where they embarked, taking
with them all the necessaries, stores, &C.,
requisite in their evacuation
Several trips were made during the night,
and great part of the provisions and camp
furniture were transported under cover of
night. The brightness of the moon, how
ever, afforded butslight concealment to their
movements, and in one of their tips schoou-
er full of soldiers and baggage passed directly
under the bow OF the guard-boat NIHa The
officer who made the statement expressed
himselfto be ignorant whether the watch on
board the Nina discovered the movement or
not-at all events, he said they did not sig
nifty any cognizance of the fact.
From conversations held with the gentle
men in possession Of the fort yesterday, it
was ascertained that the first impetus given
to the work Of strengthening the fort, was
after the speeches of Messrs. Magrath, Mem
minger a.si others, when fears were aroused
that the time would shortly come, which
would call into exercise the use of force in
protecting the public property. Upon this,
all the energies of the officers and men were
called forth TO render the position as strong
as possible. Attacks were expected only
from the land side, and to the strengthening
of these points all the available force was
put. The officers expressed themselves to be
able, after preparation, &C., to make sue
cessful resistance against any mob or un.
disciplined force, but against organized
troops the small garrison could make nC
stand.
Major Anderson had been ordered to hold
the fort, to protect the work, and he intended
to do it at every hazard. He denied that either
the President or Secretary Of War had given
any orders for the evacuation of the post
Major Anderson had done this on his owl
esponsihility-thinking that by such steI
he would make himself secure against at
tack, protect the lives of his soldiers, an(
could better guard the public property, fol
in his position at Fort Sumpter he coulC
easily command, and, if necessary, silence
the batteries of Fort Moultrie.
Cincinnati daily press. [volume] (Cincinnati [Ohio]) 1860-1862, 1861-01-05
DON'T BELIEVE 1T!

WHEN YOU HEAR INTER EsTBQ
Wv parties say that the WILCOX GIBBB
SEWING-MACHINES make work that will not
stand the test of wear don't you believe them, but
examine for yourselves, and ask those who, from
experience are able and willing TO tell the truth
about them and the work they do. The Machines
on them is warranted TO last equal to that made
any other machine. Price Of Machine, S35. We
Will teach every body TO operate the Machines, frea
of charge IL they will call at the General Agency
Office, IN the second story Of Carlisle Building,
corner of Fourth and Walnut-sts., Cincinnati.
de2-cm V. W. SUNDERbIN, Agent.
Cincinnati daily press. [volume] (Cincinnati [Ohio]) 1860-1862, 1861-01-05

CHANGES IN THE AMERICAN ARMY, Since
the End of July last, the following changes
have occurred in the army: Zone medical
pfioer, six cavalry officers, one rihemen Off
Ger, six artillery officers and ftteen infantry
officers we're promoted; two Officers resigDed,
three died, and one, the Delinquent Lienten-
ant, DTysdale, was dropped" %
Cincinnati daily press. [volume] (Cincinnati [Ohio]) 1860-1862, 1861-01-05
wines and Liquors.

HAVE SPARED NO EXRENsE II
w the parchase Of our Liquors, which have beol
seIected e. pressly Tor medieinal puFpo8e4.
: - :, ALBERT Ross, Bruggist,
del6 s. W. cor, CentrAl-av. and Aishth-A
Cincinnati daily press. [volume] (Cincinnati [Ohio]) 1860-1862, 1861-01-05
SINGER'S NG-mACHTNKs
COMMERCIAL BUILDING.
Corner of Fourth and Race-stS-,
.. CINCINNATI, OHIO.

How "a II Singers Sewing ng-machines are unIvsra.
ally used for manufacturing purposes The pIals
why, is: Because they are better more durM-
bic, more reliable, capable Of doing much grsatsr
variety ofwork, and earning more money than any
other Machine. H.
The public are respectfully invited to call and ex.
anime Singers new Transverse shuttle Machine, S0E
family use
PzTCE 500.
This Machine ia highly ornamented, easy to Op0E.
ate, and is the very best and cheapest Machine tt
the market. JAMES SKARDON,
Western Agent for Singers Sowing machine.
Tnol41
Cincinnati daily press. [volume] (Cincinnati [Ohio]) 1860-1862, 1861-01-05
ReesWax Wanted

'a'0 WI "sosSsd, Gso. Z. Dix0E. bresstss.
\ aoI i.lrsiak n. = oornsy lstih and AAis-''-.
Cincinnati daily press. [volume] (Cincinnati [Ohio]) 1860-1862, 1861-01-05

~ ,.i.. 'a z tl,l .,ssa esi
Cincinnati daily press. [volume] (Cincinnati [Ohio]) 1860-1862, 1861-01-05

The Empress EuEenie's BeautIfuI n ivaI-
Romantic Adventures Of FasoinRting
Cincinnati daily press. [volume] (Cincinnati [Ohio]) 1860-1862, 1861-01-05

A cow moose killed near Lake Telos, ha
been brought to Bangor, which measured
thirteen feet from hoof to nose-hind leg
extended-and must have stood, when alive
seven feet high.
The Shreveport weekly news., 1861-07-22

The Journal of this morning says,
.fPheC 6urier calls some OF Generai
Rousseau's men hard looking chaps
Well hard looking chaps are general
ly hard fighting chaps.
The Louisville telegraphic agent
for the southern Confederacy calls
Rousseau's S men 'ragamufiins:' That
is ventnring pretty far 'rhe sian
dered soldiers across the river may
be dangerous.
Quincy, H., July 11-State cav
airy appeared at Monroe Station
Missouri, routed the Fedcralists,
burnt the station house, six coaches
and eighteen cars, and tore up the
track on each side of town. a mes
senger who came here for assistance,
reports that Col. Smith and fifty men
are prisoners.
The New York Tribune says:
The Nations Var Cry.-For'vard
to Richmond u,he Rebel Congress
will not be allowed to meet there on
the Goth. BY that date the place
must be held by the notional army.
FOREIGN NEWS.
New York, July 1.-The new
Lord Chancellor took his seat under
the title of Lord Westbury-
The British commanders are no
to receeri.e t1Ie closing Of the pert'
| of New Granada.
The Shreveport weekly news., 1861-07-22
From the Camp at Manassas.

The following extract says ~" y.
o. Picayunc. is taken from letter
dated Camp Pickens, July Sd, writ
.rp hy- one Of the Cont'ncntals 20 n
rr;cud in this city, and with which
we have been favored:
our company. the Continental
Guards. is the crack company OF the
r.,,iment. Tho boys all behave
themselves well, and not one has
been in the guard hoIse.
We expected to leave here last
Monday a week, but from soinc cause
unknown to r2c, are still here. lhe
9th regiment are at Fairfax Court
house.
Judge from what see about me.
that all the important places are pro-
t,rted. Troops have been advanced
from this point each day since my
arrival. To show how safe our posi-
ton i, considered, no ammunition was
here before last Friday, aud not .
| ein~le cartridge has been distributed
vet. The camp is so perfectly toril
/ fed in every direction and in every
spot and in every part with bat
tcries and eartlwor that not ever
100, 900 good soldiers could approach
us.
Prisoners are daily brought in by
the skirmishcrs and picket guards
Two Jacitsons, brothers OF Alexan
aria Jackson, are in camp, and rumo
saws they have shot so of the enemy
! They take no prisoners, but leav'
the foe on the field.
We live pretty well. The farmer
daily bring in chickens, eggs, butter
: mutton, milk and fruit. These brin
|; though at reasonable rates, cost mon
, ev. and we are getting rather shor
The Washington Artillery ar
three miles from here on Bulls Kui
| a small stream which affords Nats
T.. sufficient for the horses.
The sth Louisiana regiment l.
a camp.
The Shreveport weekly news., 1861-07-22

y arhin-,ton, July i2.-.S0Gt".-
A resolution cXpclling southern Sen
ators passed. 1e 32: nays 10.
Observation-Disclosures offered an
amendment to the. arm" appropria-
ton bill, that no money shall be used
for the suhjusation OF any S'ateholt-
ing conquered provinces, or tor in
tertering with slavery in any Staie,
which vas rejected.
81. Louis, July l2.-Judge Cation
issued writ of habcas co,fns for cx-
senator Green,hut refused tn. petition
of Capt. Campbell.
Quincy, Ill, July l2.-Cap. Meal
lister and five men of the 10th Illinois
regiment were killed seven miles this
side of Monroe. They were caught
in ambush.
A thousand cavalry and infantry
leave Tonight tc assist Col. Smith
| St. Joseph, Mo, July l2.-An at
tempt was made to capture tain a
Monroe, but it backed out in time
and returned to Hudssn.
The geographic wires being cnt,w'
have no reIlaDle news lfoii DuchHhi
an, Va. Skirmishing still continues
-Four invaders have been killed ant
seven wounded.
Quincy, Ill.,, July l2-The bridg'
between Palmyra and Hannibal la
I been burned.
St. Louis, 12-Thc State Joui
nal, of Thurrday, received last nigh,
SAYS that u fight in South west Mis-
souri commenced at 10 o'clock b,
tween the State troops and FEEDER
alists t7nder Seigal and others, twelv
mile beyond Carthage, which resu
ted in the Federal troops being con
pletely routed with great slau"hte
'rhey were pursued fourteen miles
point two miles beyond Carthag
where night ended the slaughter.
The Federalists and their arm
and equipage were captured.
The Journal further learns by lie
, ter from Gen. Parsons, said TO haN
, been received in Jefferson City, thi
: he tParsons} after pursuit surrei
The Shreveport weekly news., 1861-07-22
7 E L E G r 4 PHI &c

Buchanan, Va, July 11.-Mc-
Clellan reports the Ssutherners to he
strongly entrenched within two miles
of his camp, and directs all the Fed
eral forces within the radius of forty
miles, to join his colamn Immediate
E.
st. Louis, July 1.-THE Demo
crat says that !Segil had twelve hun
dred men and ten pieces of artillery,
and that the Southerners had six,
thousand men aud evenpieces.
Col. Wolf was killed in battle
fought on Saturday, thirt.- miles
from Springfield. Many horsemen
were engaged III it.
Fortress Monroe, July 1.-The
Quaker City captured the Warwick
with 5000 sacks of coffee, mostly
owned in Richmond.
Milwaukee, July 11-Messrs
Banks and Banks have paid the
Zouaves thousand dollars in gold
for shooting their fellow-citizens.
Washington, July 1.-The mails
for Middle and West Tennessee
have been discontinued.
Baltimore, July 11,-Col. Thorn,
has been indicted for piracy anc
treason.
Louisville, July 11-Courts de
cides against Brady and Davis, Il
the railroad case, that Governnien
has the right to stop the road.
Washington July 1o.-Difficultie
regarding the Mexican treaty pre-
cludc the possibility of direct mai
communication.
Buchanan, Va, July TIA recor
noifering party venturing too nea
the southern lines, ,one was killed an
two wounded. Skirmishes for tn
last two days have beenrather blood,
The Southerners are strongly el
trenched. If they make a determil
ed stand heavy loss of life will I
inevitable. Mcclellan was to have a
tackled them this morning.
Louisville July 11.-Scott's SUI
pressionof the telegraphic correspol
dence, has stopped the Cleveland r.
ports-the only ones that have bee
reliable;
The Cincinnati Commercial
this morning. says: "lt is refreshI
after reading some Of the pitiful, WI
ming, sfcakins editorials of the n
quirer, to open tbs Louisville Journ
or Democrat. and note the manly el
quence with which these papers a
standing ar fer the government
The Shreveport weekly news., 1861-07-22

Cot,on-A late arrival from l.iv-
erpool brought news of a decline IN
cotton. This puzzles and alarms the
Yankees very much, With only six
months suppl, liz England, ard with
a blockade of the whole southern sea
coast, to render the receipt OF any
more impossible. there is only one
solution of the decline. 1t is that
Enala1d doSs rot intend TO pay much
respect TO the blockade, and that the
manufacturers know this TO he the
intention of the government. This
is the yankee explanation of the mat
ter. A very reasonable one.
The Shreveport weekly news., 1861-07-22

not bring enough to pay my taxes: r
What l want to know Is, wheti,ef' II II
the State take my property an" sen
it for the taxes, and the proceeds VIII
not pay the bill, it can come on @ IVY
furniture, and other personal proper.
tv to make up the deficit! If so' l
want to pack up my duds and leave
the city, and go north. where the war
has built up a fi"urishing trade ana
IN man cdn make something to pay
taXcs with.
The Shreveport weekly news., 1861-07-22

Saltpctrc.-We have before Us,
saws the Atlanta, Commonwealth, /,
sample of Saltpctre from cave IN
Cass county, owned by Mr. NJ. y.
Hardin, from which heis getting now
one thousand pounds per day, and
which is regarded as ineNhaus;ihle.
This specimen appears to be at the
first quality, aud with it a. Il compo-
nent, Mr.. Hardin thinks he can make
any required quantity of powder OF
the best kind, at very low figure.
The Shreveport weekly news., 1861-07-22
The pest proofs Of our

merits may be had by requiring of
any person who takes the .ews, how
he is pleased with it.
Our subscription list keeps increas-
ing, slow, bu, sure, and with the pa
tronagc due n good reading paper. we
expect to have the largest lis; OF any
paper. sciM no e.rceptioRs, III Northern
Louisiana, Eastern Texas, or Ar
kansas.
Persons ,cishing 10 act a, AGENTS.
tcW J,ieasc t1r.eard Metr address,
~ During these exciting and
critical times, everybody wants a re-
liable paper, therefore,
The Shreveport weekly news., 1861-07-22
WEDNESDAY,.
Nuseer Rell sfthe Reagan Guards.

Muster Roll efthe Reagan Guards.
Or ANDERSON Co, TEXAS.
'Jro.-R, Woodward. Captain.
II 8 Jameson, lst Lieut..
Matt Dale, 2nd do
b + Parks, Bird do
p Il Allen; NJ J Aspley; W 7
Bowen; S Q Btrckshirc; IL T. Brad
lev; w r Brigham; NJ X Barnes;
8 Bdttom; Andrw G Crombie; john
Cone; D Blehambers; A G Copeland;
Il "A Campbell; Il w Cautley; A +
Cook: j. X Derden; II + W Dcwall;
u ID Duvall; G b Dowis; Il NJ
Files: Lewis Grooms; j A Holly;
b A Halluni; f NJ Hopkins; j 9
,Hepperla; w J Hopper; james NJ
Harris; TIC Hickey; w Z Hoover;
! H Hoffman; II b Jorden; j Il
Keeling; w b Kimbrough; Joseph
.H Knox; NJ A Knox; George Kyle.
A H NJ Slewiliyn; Joseph Slewillyn;
M S Latta; John Lindsay; Il c Nc
Kinxie; II G Mcknight; Il IL Mont
.gomery; j w Matthews; A NJ Mat,
'thews: J Il Main; w L Mynett; I
r McFarlane; + Newson; w a
Parker; John Parker; II b Petty
u Il Pasey; J J Quarles; L = fose
J s Rudel; N Spurrier; ) Stevens
Thos. Shumburgeo; } G Scott, ) L
Stinson; A G Stinson; l. Spring
Tkoe. Seay; VIM. Wren Il II Wren
w A Woodheuse; II + Wren; ) !
Woodhouse; G + Wright; j Ward
The Shreveport weekly news., 1861-07-22

- The Memphis banks have Ia
ken 100000 of the loan to the
Confederate States, loaned S7e,o0e
to Melnphis for war purposes, and
$4,000 to Mississippi for the use OF
the camp ut CorintE.
The Shreveport weekly news., 1861-07-22

A Judic;ous hqn,ry.-A home cor
respondent of the Cincinnati Enqui-
rer asks:
/ own some real estate in this city
which has heretofore brought me a
rent, but which now does
The Shreveport weekly news., 1861-07-22

T'he river, We understand. is in
very bad boating order. III" steam
or Eleanor, which arrived hey" OF
Monday. experienced sre", difftculty
IA getting over f-3o falls. The tag-
tain SAYS he viii not vemtnr" smother
rriu this season. The weather, at
present writing indicates ia II.
Choice peaches can hc had NJ ten
cents per dozen, by retail
The Shreveport weekly news., 1861-07-22

brush with large body of the enemy
ON the 9TH inst, near the camp OF
Gen. Garnet, in Western Virginia.
Sixty or seventy Of the enemy were
killed; two killed on our side.
Lo,,isvillrJuly l3--I'he Rich Noun
tain fight is ''tzzlins out"
The latest dispatch says the south
cruc,s were but 500 strong, with two
cannon,
The southern loss was about -
killed and about as many w"nnded.
The federal loss was ii killed and )"
wounded.
, The above report is approved by
McClcllan.. .bu, his own dispatch to
Washington reports 20 killed ana
! 40 wouudfl.
Apparently the invaders had made
nlan, for certain victory and had
| sent bulletins before the fight, but a
courier had lost his way, and McClcl-
Ian waited all day for signnls which
he didn't get, 50 the enterprise re-
suited in the dislodgmcnt of 500 men
h~ five invading regiments.
Washington july l3.-lhc 1--WE
ladies who inyciglcd the Connecticut
captain, Goodwin to his capture, have
been arrested ard are held prisoner:
rs Il guarantee for Goodwin : return
CLARK. the mrmhcr from Missoua,
has been rxpclled for having served
in the Missouri state forces.
Inston, July l3.--A French vc7
II ,,;,I ~, admiral ON hoard has ar
The Shreveport weekly news., 1861-07-22

march without arms, pu' 1 III So'S III
sisted upon an unconditional surrcn-
der, which was complied with.
Among the killed are Col. II.
Graf. brown, Soloman, Mailman and
Wsltc.
Washington. July 12.-Specches
and votes indicated that seven Sena-
tors and FIVE Representatives are OPP
posed to the Administration
Roaring Run VA, July l2.-Mc-
Cl,llan's column is feeling its way
cautiously. The Souih"rners seem
reinforced since our approach, and
are working with great energy. Nc
/ Clcllau will test their strength Tins
/ afternoon.
1 st. Louis, judy l2.--'Thc houses
of patriots were opened Thursday tor
rejoicing. Though there VA. not an
illumination, th. city had that ap-
pcaraucc.
The keepers and actors At fhe
Dutch gardens are not :" proud -!
their cllow-countrylncn. ~cig"l and
Boerstcin, and large numbers OF tor
cisncrs are reported to be leaving III
fright.
-Four hundred men belonging TO
Col. McNcil'~ reserve guard. removed
the types aud papers from the state
.Journal ot};cc-hayiu% tjr>: read AN
order from Col. Lyon prohibiting lis
further publication.
\ special dispatch from Warsaw
TO the s.. Louis Republican, rciter-
atc- the auaihilation Of rleigcls com
maud.
Boston. July l2.-I'ho privatcer
jeff, Davis has captured three vessels
off lIattcras.
Louisville, July l2.-Thc follow
! ing dispatch has been received here:
.CTng,nnaii, Ia Gco. u. PreRttCc.
iGcucral Mcclellan has captured the
entire camp ot the enemy 1T Laurel
Hill--guu~, tents. WAGONS, and many
- prisoners, among whom y ere many
/. officers. Their loss Wa, severe, while
ours was verv small. No officers
!, were lost on our side.
-. A telegram from himself, signed
- Lars Anderson, dated Roaring ium
= SAYS there was battle Yesterday at
: Rich Mountain, at which 1000 South
. ,crner~ under Col. pc@rism surrender
led. Tie fight lasted an hour and +
=, half. The great body OF the South
.. tcrucys rc,rcatrd. laavims- sixty killed
y, many wounded. the prisoners, ii,
a runs, aud some horses. Tho ! cdcrn
- loss was twenty killed and fort,
I. wounded.
- The schooner Enchantrcss, from
-, Boston. la.. been captured bv the pri
=; tvotecr len. Davis.
m. Illinois has arrived here tror
, Fort Pirk.n.. which place she let
~ Ion the -o.h. -" report, wilson
=, /an.vos.a AT Toruaa-. l.#w~ou'- "a
H,irlr-,- ,-bad h,rur,lugvr, to santa Ep.
FL" r.l-,'A
=
The Shreveport weekly news., 1861-07-22
Subscribe to the "NEWS,"

And encourage it all you can, sending
the names, money, and address
of those who wish to sub
scribe. Retain the
per cen,age, and
send the balance. Try your hand.
Address
.JNO. DICKINSON.
Editor and Proprietor Of tho
Shrevcpor, Daily and Weekly News
Shreveport, Caddo Parish
Louisiana.
PoStn,asfers or Booksellers n'shang
10 act as Agcnts. for tie Ne VS., 'e'H
please send .i1y pa'.icriars.
Canvassers Wanted Immediately.
The Shreveport weekly news., 1861-07-22

The small pox is raging in the
f irst and Second Wards, in Louisville.
The Shreveport weekly news., 1861-07-22


both sides the bay is hrlstlnG "i'h
Guns, in sand bag batteries, some are
in singl,. position. others III battery.
Our shots take no effect on them
while theirs tell with gr@tt effect up
on any attacking ship.
The Washington correspondent OF
she Philadelphia Ledger, gives an
idea what old Fuss and Feathers
thinks Of these busy writers:
General Scott was heard to say
Yesterday that he would have cap
tured the rebels nj liaHp""'~ Ferry.
aud all their munitions Of war, had
it not been FIR the newspaper press
! I'm their anxiety tu give early news
| keeping ti,clehels tuily posted up III
/ yorv movement OF the nitcd States
troops. lie said ..hc would rather
have one hundred rebel spies III h!s
camp tl,an one newspaper reporter.
A Eomncg ;>kjln,irh.-A Rich
nond coIrcsp pondrnt Of the Peters
burg Express gives the annexed ac-
count of tia ~kinnish near Komn"y
op the ,97tn u!t,:
| have just had Il conversation
with a gentleman of this city lic
confirms the report ot Captain Ash
bv's skirmish mentioned III my let
ter Of to-day. The information comes
from a prominent member ofthc state
Convention, who resides al Ninch"s,
J |. sY.T' "a