, 1861-07-06

questions, and the attention Of the country
has been called to the proposition TINT one
f:ithfully execu' ed should not himself Violate
them. OF course some consideration was
given to the questions Of the power and pro.
Triety before this matter Was acted upon.
The whole Of the laws which were required to
te faithfully executed, were being resisted and
falling Of execution in nearly cue-third Of the
s:ates- Must they be allowed to finally fail
Of execution, even if it had been par
fectly clear that By the use Of the means
necessary to their execution some eiuS1e law
made In such extreme tenderness Of the citi-
zeE's Liberty that practically it relieves more
Of The gnilty than tie Innocent, should, to 3
limited extert, be violated? To state the
tne to 60 nnezecuted, the Government it.
ssH to go to pieces lest tina. one be violated? !?
Even IN euch case would not the off1ctI
cath be broken if the Government should be
cTerthrown when il was believed that dis1e-
gaTung the single Law would tcid to prtsakye
lts But 1t WAS not believed that this 1ueS-
ton was presented. It was not believed that
sny Law was violated The provision Of the
Constitution being that the privilege Of the
Iabeas corpus el all not be suspended ex-
ctpt in cases Of rebellion or Invasion the
public safety does require it, 1t was de-
sid the public safety does require !
qualified suspension Of the privilege of the
Ertt-wbich was authorized TO be made. Nov
it Is Insisted that Congress, and not the Exec
utive, Is vested with this power. Bat the
Constitution itself is silent as to which OF who
il to usufp the power, and rs the provision
Has plainly made fcr dangerous emergency,
it cannot be believed that the trainers Of tie
1Est Intended that in every case the
dsrger should run It's course until Congress
should be called together, the very assem-
cling Ct which might be prevented, as was in-
tended in this case, By the rebellion No
mere extended argument is now afforded, as
presented by the Attorney General. Whether
there shall ba any legislation on the subject,
AID If SO, what, Is submitted entirely to the
better judgment Of Congress.
The foT6earance Of this Government has
been so extraordinary and so long continued
action as If they. supposed the early destruc-
ton It our National Union Was probable.
While this, Oh discovery, gave the Executive
scme concern he is now happy to cay that the
sovereignty and rights of the United States
are now practically respected by foreign
powers, and general s. npathy with the gov
e1nment Is manifested throughout the world.
The Reports Of the eecretaTies Of the Trcas.
u1y, War and Navy, will give the Information
in detoii deemed necessary and convenient for
}cur action, while the Executive and Depart
mtnts will stand ready to supply omissions,
or to &C cemmuIicate new facts considered im-
portent for you to know. It is now recon-
mendcd that you give the legal means for
makiEg Ibis coIttst short and decisive one;
that you plsee at the control of the Govern
I,ent for the work at least 40O, 600 men and
$400, 0G0,00 That number OF men is about
ene tenth of those OF proper ages within the
regions where apparently all are willing to
t1gage, and the sum is less than twenty
third part Of the money ralue owned by the
n rbc 6ole
A debt ct six hundred million dollars
now, is less sum per head than was the debt
Of OFT Revolution WHEN We came out Of that
struggle, and the money value in the country
Gta1s even greater proportion. Surely, each
Dlan bas as stIopg a motive now to preserve
lith them. A right result q. this Tina
will be worth more to the world than ten
t'mes the men ard ten times the money
The Evidence reaching us frvm tue country,
1eayes TO doubt that the material for the
work is abundant, that it needs cnly the hand
Of legislation to give it sanction, and the
hand Of the Ext cutiye to give it practical
shape and efficiency. One Of the greatest
Fs1p'eNitits Ct the Government il to a7oid
receiving troops faster than il can provide for
.ht m: In word, the people will save the
Goyera nent if tic Government will do its
it"rttanly i-6'1trcatly w-n.
i might seem at first tnonght to be 1T little
the South he called secession or rebellion.
Ike moycra, however, we'll understand the
difference. They knew at the beginning they
could never raise their treason to aoy rsspect-
able magnitude by any name Whicn implies
violation OF law. Tney knew thsir people
possessed as much devotion to law and order,
as much pride ard reverence fer their history
and The government of their country as any
other civilized and patriotic people. They
knew they could make no advancement direct
y in the teeth Of these strong and noble eenti-
ments. They accordingly commenced by an
Industrious deoauching Of the public mind.
They Invented IN Ingenious scphisua, which,
conceded, WAS followed BY perfectly Logical
steps through all the incidents Of the complete
destruction Of the gn1on. The sophism IT.
self is that any State OF the Union may, con
sistently with the nations Constitution, and
therefore lawfully ard peacefully, withdraw
from the Union without the consent Of the
Union CT Of any other State. i little disguise,
tt at the supposed right is to 10 be exercised
only fer Just cause, themselves to be sole
judges, OF its justice, is too thin to merit any
Iot1ce. With rebellion thus sugar-coated,
they have been druggiug the minds Of their
section ior more than thirty years, until at
1trgth they have brought many good men to
w'llingnt sa to take up arms against the Gov
errment, the day altctt some as5emblase Of
men have enacted thu farce Of taking their
State Gilt Of the Union, who could have zen
Brought to 60 such thing the day before. This
seplit m dt riyes much, perhaps the whole, Of
its cur1eIcy from the assumption that there
is eemc cmnipotent mud sacred supremacy
pertaining TO each State Of our Federal Union.
Our States have neither more ror less power
than that reserved to them In the Union by
the Constitution, no one Of them ever hay
irg been State out Of the unfon. The ORR
g'Lal cres passed into the Union even before
they cast tff their British dependence, and
The new ONES came with the Union directly
lIcm cord;tion Of dependence, excepting
Tex2s, end even Texas III its temporary In
dependence Eas never designated as State.
The rev ones only were designated States
CT comirg into the Union, while that mama
NaE OILY first adopted for the old ones in aud
by the Declaration If Independence. There
il the United Colonies we're declared free and
ilaepetd den: States, but eTen thea the object
IEAinly was not to declare their independence
OF ono another, Of the Union, but directly the
&C n1111y, ae thtir mutual action before, at
the time, nnd atterHards, abundaatiy show
The express p1iChtiEg Of faith By each aud I'LL
of the thirteen original States in the
ls1eI, "tLat the Unicn shall be
perpetual" is mcst conclusive. Having never
been Statss either in substance or rane out
side The Cniop, whence this magical oE7nipo.
tence Of .Nate 73gats, asserting Claim OF
rowcr to lawfully destroy the Union itself:
Much is Sc d about the "soycreignty of the
States" but The word even Is not in the IA
OF the State Constitutions. What Is soy
e1c:gnty? Would it be far wrong to declare
1t Political community witncut political
superior? Tested by thiz, 10 one Of cur
states except Texas was sovereignty, md
oven Texas gave up the character on coming
into the Union, by which act ehe acknoTl-
edged the Constitute of The United States
and laHs and treatles Of the United
States. made in pursuance Of the Con
to be forever her supreme Law.
The States have their status In the Union
end they have no other legal status. fthey
BY revolution. The UuioD, and not them
selves separated, procured their independence
and their liberty. By conquest CT purchase
he Union gave each Of them whatever of In
depeI dcnce ard liberty It has. The Union Is
older than any Of the States and in fact it Gre
ated them as States. Originally some depend
ant colonies made the Union and in return
them and made the States such as they are
Not one Of them erer had State Constitution
Independent OF the Cu'op. Or course, it IS not
fo1 gotten that all the new States formed their
Constitutions before they entered :he Union,
ve1theless dependent on and preparatory to
coming INTO the Union Uuquestionably tho
States hare the powers and rights reserved to
Il EN- BY the National Constitution, but among
these surely are not included al conceivable
powers, however mischieyouB or destructive.
But at most such only as were known in the
world at that time a governmental powers,
and certainly power to destroy the Govern
ment ITSELF had never been known IS a goT-
Ell mental, merely administrative power.
This relative matter Of Nationn power and
States rights as principle, Is 20 other than
8 principle Of generality aud locality. What
ever concerns The whole should be coGfued
to the whole General Government, while