Daily national Democrat., 1861-07-25

cessary. By measures of peace ! mean when
rebellion sues for peace. [Applause.l By mea-
| sures of compromise and adjustment when
great and formidable conspiracy shall ground
| its arms and sue to magnanimous, just, oenen.
/ cient and triumphant government in spirit OF
loyalty and obedience. [Applause.
! In this terrible crisis, at a time when the Re-
public is passing through the most fearful or
| deal which can possibly test the capacity, the
power, the virtue and the honor of a great
people, all of our feelings naturally assume the
character of passions. We feel that our country
is not mere imaginative word, which we have
chosen to embesh, but that it is real and
| living existence, to which at all times and under
| all circumstances we are willing to pledge our
| lives, our fortunes and our sacred honor. Ap-
plause.l 70 which we each day become more
attached the more it is imperilled, and because
! of the solictude its danger causes US.
| We remember that it sprung from the ankle
ties, the sulerings, the sacred blood of our
ancestors. We love it for all that it cost, for all
that it has been to in the past and for all that
we hope from it in the future. We remember
that our Government is and always has been, q
great, magnanimous and just Government
| that it has never trodden down any mans liber-
ties that it has crushed or oppressed any
| State-in the beautiful language of the great
Webster, that its still youthful veins full of
vigor, of energy and courage, and honorable love
/ of glory and renown. We remember that we have
for more than seventy years enjoyed under that
Government the blessings of that civil and re-
ligious liberty which our fathers planted, for
which they so sturdily contended, and under
which they so grandly won temperate, re-
strained yet brave, resolute, unyielding freedom
which even now lifts its face in awful rebuke
upon the traitor who would destroy, and the
coward who would pervert its rich gifts of bless
ings, rights obligations and duties. lApplause.l
It was for this that Needham and Lane and Stone
died in the streets of Baltimore each martyrs
death. tApplause.1 1t was for this, sir, that
the noble, unfortunate and never-to beforgotten
Ellsworth yielded up his life, splendid sacrifice.
Celestial spirit! thou shalt descend to immortali-
ty in company with the sainted heroes of the
Republic.
Thy day of vengeance shall not long be de-
| layed. Slowly, but surely and brightly it will
break A hardy, intrepid race of patriots to
day issues from the mountain Businesses of the
loyal n orth. Thy spirit has descended upon them,
and they go forth to shame, by immortal deeds,
thy cowardly assassination, and to avenge thy
offended shade with heaps of bloody sacrifice.
| I[Applause.1 The CORY hand of treason could
deprive thee of life but not thy followers of that
spirit of patriotism which inspires them, that
chivalrous courage and that determined pur-
pose which, ere long, shall hurl treason from its
throne. Thy vengeance and that Of America
shall whet the sacred sword, and one heroic
hand after another will WELD the irresistible
steel.
More than thirty years ago that worst, most
dangerous great man in all of our country's his
tory, Mr.. Calhoun founded q new school of pol
itcs in the Republic. His vast genius, his sub
tile dialectcs, his commanding oratory and,
t rapid converts to his theory, and it soon num-
g bered among its disciples many of the brightest
intellecs and the pures characters of the South.
a its leading tenet is, that the Union under which
o we have lived for more than seventy years is
It cOnteGeratve system--a confederation of so
n many independent sovereignties, held together
It by the tral and uncertain bond of a written
4. compact. The pernicious influence of this
theory has Matched into life a brood of
imposters, anarchs and flbusters in the
South, who, by constantly operating upon
the fears and prejudices OF the southern
y into the belief that there is deadly an
/. tagonsm between their material interests and
% those of their Northern brethren. They have
1t " fired the Southern heart and instructed the
s. Southern mind, until at last they have precp-
T. tated the cotton States into revolution. 1t is
T.; not my purpose, upon this occasonto enter upon
e a labored exposition of what conceive to be
It the true theory of the government under which
It we live. But cannot forbear to remark that if
j. the Interpretation that these modern theorists
put upon government, is true, theyiare wiser by
: far than its founders were, and the authors of
l the great instrument under which we live most
strangely overlooked the great and leading OBJ
{ jects for which they declared it was ordained
t and established. There was time when we
lived under confederation league, a mere
: confederative system. That period marked the
intermediate stage of our progress from the rude
hastily conceived, lily devised government of
the Revolution, to that centralized and consoli-
dated Government which went into operation in
1883, and under which, without any fundamental
or material amendment, we have ever since
, lived. For ten years our forefathers struggled
to maintain government under mere league,
under mere confederation; and those years
were years of trial. of humiliation and of dis
grace. The General Government issued their
acquisitions upon the States to furnish their res
peCtlve quotas of men, of arms and money, but
they were issued in vain. There was a total
want of power in the head, there was weakness
in all the parts; and it was then that they assem-
('onVpntipD nd 10 Iiza and
consolidated government. Now, fellow citizens,
propose for moment to call your attention to
what one of the founders of the Government
said in regard to it.
The article am about to read is taken from
speech made by Mr.. Princey one of the dele
gates from the State of South Carolina, to the
Convention that framed the Constitution. 1t
discloses the real design for which the Union
was formed HI says:
g apprehend the true intention of the States
In uniting is, to have firm, national govern
ment, capable OF etfectually executing its acts,
and dispensing its benefits and protection. In
1t alone can be vested those powers and prero-
gatlves which more particularly distinguish
sovereign State. The members which compose
the experimenting government are to be con-
sldered merely as parts OF a great whole, and
only suffered TO retain the powers necessary to
the administration of their State systems. The
idea which has been so long and falsely enter
talned OF each being a sovereign State, must be
given up; for it is absurd to suppose there can
| d
ment The States should retain nothing more
than that mere local legislation, which, as dis.
trcts OF general government, they can exer-
else more TO the benefit of their particular in.
habltants, than il it was vested in the Supreme
Councils; but in every foreign concern as well as
in those internal regulations, which respecting
the whole ought to be uniform and national, the
States must not be suffered to interfere"
In his recent message to the Congress of the
Southern Confederacy, Jefferson Davis says that
the right of State to Judge of its own wrongs
was maintained by overwhelming majorities
OF the people of all of the States of the Union,
especially in the election of Mr.. Jefferson in
1905, Mr.. Madison in 1909, and Mr. Pierce In
1852"
Mr. Jefferson in his inaugural address, in 1901,
the sentiments of which he repeated in 1906,
made use of the following expressions:
"The preservation of the General Govern
ment in its whole Constitutional vigor, as the
sheet anchor Of our peace at home and safety
abroad; absolute acquiescence in the decisions
OF the majority, the vital principles of republics
from which there is no appeal but to force, the
vital principle and immediate parent of despo-
tism.p
| In 1877 Mr.. Jefferson wrote
"When two parties make a compact, there re.
suits to each power of compelling the other to
execute it,
In 1909, after the election OF Mr.. Madison IN
the Presidency, the electors of Virginia the
State COrresp ponding Committee and The Cover