The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1861-04-06

rather for correcting past errors and Tor readapA
tons TO new and unlocked for circumstances
And where this ia neglected unhealthy action and
| disorder are sure to follow.
EXTRAORDINARY GROWTH OF THE COUNTRY UNDER
TnE BROAD MANTLE or THE UNION, IN SPITE OF
/ TEMPORARY PANIos
With all the political constructions prior TO the
present time, the country, under the broad mantle
of Union, grew and prospered beyond all former
precedents The colonies emerged, with their three
millions of inhabitants, from their revolutionary
struggle In helpless poverty. Their trade was
limited, their exports were of little value, beyond
the supplies Of tobacco and rice. Cotton was I'm.
known as q staple until about the close OF the
century. The large debt created by the issue Of
continental bills was never redeemed. European
governments looked upon the inhabitants as sue
cessful rebels, liable to resubjugation while they
were without financial credit at home and abroad
As the cultivation OF cotton extended, it supplied
an important addition to the exports Of the ooun
try, and augmented its financial resources. Sc
cond war Of independence was inaugurated in
1872, which, in three years, left the government
bankrupt, and the people in all directions pros
trate and poverty stricken.
After the conclusion Of the war the country
took new and rapid stride in progress and r.os-
perity. The export OF cotton, now grown to be
commercial necessity, enabled the government
to provide for the liquidation Of the public debt,
which was actually paid Of in full under General
Jackson's administration, and soon after large
surplus was divided among the States while ag-
ricnltufe, commerce and maaHfac tures were every
! where prosperous. TWAS ut this period emigra-
ton began to be attracted TO our shores, to share
in that freedom and prosperity which everywhere
| abounded.
| The occasional drawbacks arising from over
trading were comparatively temporary IN their
| effects. TIE panics Of 1885, 1875, 1887 and 1867
were soon overcome by subsequent periods Of
economy, accompanied with greater restriction
! CT the credit system
Every one labored and acted with the confident
belief Of an early recovery and the Legitimate
| restoration of prosperous times. And thus the
country progressed until it's boun iaros reached
| from tho Atlantic TO the Pacific Ocean, and from
Canada to the Rio Grandc Prior to the war of
1872 the country had neither canals, railroads or
decent wagon roads. communicated between
distant points consumed almost as many days as
il now takes hours. Sails and oars were the only
means of sea and river navigation. The waters of
the Mississippi were only available to floating
arks and batteaux, requiring two or three months
to make voyage from the Falls Of the Ohio to
or loss uninhabited from the want Of avenues of
communication. Compare all this to what we
have since attained under the sovereign reserva
ton Of State rights and their limited const
tutionsl Union. We now have in operation
over 1000 miles OF railway and about 25 600
miles OF telegraph lines. The thirteen States have
been expanded into thirty -four. Our territory on
the Pacific embraces 1000 miles OF water front
Our revenues, from $40 ,000, 600 per annum, have
reached at a late period from $50, 900 900 10
SO, 900 200.
Our total exports for the fiscal year ending the
S0th jane, 1860. amounted to the enormous sum of
1878 1883 ,27l of which cotton supplied si9l SOC $685.
tobacco tl5,906 600, rice s2,567 800. and naval
stores 70 So 600 900. Total 500 sO2 555. Our i'm
ports for the period amounted to $500 69, 254
Other governments courted our influence and trade,
while patriots throughout Europe were stimulated
by our example TO contend Tor the liberty we
enjoyed.
YoRTY-sfx YEARS OF PEACE \ GRAND ELEMENT or
rEoGREss AND PROSPERITY.
One Of the most powerful elements in our pros
pcrty under the union Of the States was the forty.
six years of peace extending from 1915 to 1861.
II is said that the Romans always referred with
pleasure to their haIcyon days of peace. During
! 700 years the Temple Of Janus was closed but
twice once for forty three years during the reign
, ofNuIna, and again in the reign Of Augustus. The
, doors Of our temple of peace have been closed
/ forty.six years and that by cotton bales. The
riumphs Of these forty six years of peace, 50 far
- any difficulties with any formidable Power have
, arisen, have been more wonderful than all the
victories and spoils than o century Of war could
, hare achieved.
Ever since the supply Of cotton from this country
became a commercial necessity, England has pur-
sued a Ienent and conciliatory policy towards the
United States. This WAS manifested in the adjust
ment of the northeastern boundary question, in
the right Of search question. in the Nicaragua diff
fculty and in the late dispute about the Island Of
san JGan. Naturally domneering and dictatorial
towards weak Powers, she has manifested con-
cliatoTy spirit towards the United States not from
Inherent respect for Our people and GO.
Yernment, but from her almost absolute
dependence upon this country for her supplies Of
cotton. Once she acknowledges the Confederate
States and provides for the supply of this staple,
one Of The most powerful bonds OF peace between
her and tic Northern States will be broken And
6e shall probably soon find her speaking to them
in spirit and in n tone 60 which their ears since
1872, have not been accustomed SIZE vii! took
upon them as manufacturing rivals, and also rivals
in marine navigation; and hence her policy viii
likely be such as usually cbaracterizes a superior
towards an inferior Power. The prcsration of
material progress BY the disruption OF the Union
of tho States affords no hope OF permanent reco.
very. And this caIamitous overthrow Of The most
prosperous country the world has ever seen has
grown out Of the canker of constitutional
imporfections, giving color TO the broadcast
ard most ruinous constructions, eliminating ia
The formation Of a sectional anii-slavery party,
which, by the cooperation Of rel republican
foreign German element, has been enabled to