davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Der Lecha Caunty patriot. [volume] (Allentaun, Pa.) 1859-1872, 1861-06-26

UGis Satbolifcn in Der Irmte uno
Marine Der Ser. Staaten baben pom
papit 0i6penidticu ipe9en Der Grbaltun8
BON SIcifd)fpeifen am Breita9e erbatten.
Der Lecha Caunty patriot. [volume] (Allentaun, Pa.) 1859-1872, 1861-06-26
N q d II d {
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~ " W
pire biTmt Ssssbsn, bae Der uHtnSst&nrte GIs
Gretutpr bon Der 9intsrIaHenf&aft bee psrhUrbt>
nsn q ltds SUrn, lsstbn Scn spnR Sauns
lHtp, ss&a eGuntp, Grnunnt wUrbtn ia. aas
DteitniStn bater, trsl4e NOD an befdste 8tntSr~
Iaiienf&aft i&ulOtn, Rno tisrmit oufsrfOrbsrt tns
nnpaIb 6 Po&en anjurufsn unb db3u6s;abItn,-
1Hb SUIte bic nod rsGtmdeise SGfOrbrunssn
tabsn m6stn, itnO ebsnfu1s ,rfu&t fol&s innsrs
taIb DIR briastrn .3dt wpSlbsfitist NpbubdnbI'
s:n, an
94ilidm 81. Siffter, Gr'or.
Suni 19. %em
Der Lecha Caunty patriot. [volume] (Allentaun, Pa.) 1859-1872, 1861-06-26
@rnltltCbe 9Sdrnuno.

Dn in ben lrbtsn Sabren, SOnntass I'M Com.
mr, in prr gidhtorf&aft bee ,,srOem Rud,'
uui Oeu 9sGd SG9 In Otsfsm Gduntp. Onrt man.
DE 9srlcnsn elm unGrifIiGtt. brn Sabbaib snt.
tsltacnbss Betrogsn seaubsrt, unD pUn Sudilsre
unb 8ertdufern sstl,s, @strdnFs SsrJdpft fUurbsn,
alice ben ptltli5.B uap sSttiGsn @sIrSsn surpi.
bn-seben bic untsesetfnstsn 9la6rt4t, bae TO.
fern duf itrsn ednoerstsn auf ben Sds bts 5rrrn
@strdnfs prabrstt. sttrbsn, ubsr burt anbsrt
oiefer Gag bdfsli sntpeibt ptro, lis pbne anIetrn
bsr ptrfcn ben @sltsn dberIisftrt iptrOtn Iclsn,
wrnu& fi& nun bssfdtFse Sdbtatb S6dnbtr
ri4tsn FDnnsE.
Salomon Morp, II. 8. @ino,
Soiepb 8. Morp, 10. Gieenber9Cr,
SaIomon Geinbplo, Barbara &ur5,
NlofsS Red, Col. 8emmerer,
pdul Runemater, 8m. 8. 8erno,
Sobn 8icfcnoerfcr.
Suni 26. rs3m
Der Lecha Caunty patriot. [volume] (Allentaun, Pa.) 1859-1872, 1861-06-26
Mn Idrz GDQRttprelt.

Die Gar r.gpGgftuun ron Der StaOt Gtlentaun,
cutaiaueua. TliGerstuun, Gmous unb bm Ssrs
lGteoenen Gduni4pS in 2s4a Gaunty, Rnb btsTs
mtt srNiGt iIGs in Der Commit fTUnsrs amtsaube
Ia otr etatt aGsntGun rinjuFnssu, em RSntaS
btn / lag SuIi na6ilsns, i'm ssuIssnet S6rsr
fGaft su sstrn unb bann ibre refpsftissu DupH'
later etc. In Gnpfang ~ atbntn.
Der Lecha Caunty patriot. [volume] (Allentaun, Pa.) 1859-1872, 1861-06-26
q b . m as J d9sr.
Ta o1n oc.id


OF Intern 2OGten Suni erbielten mir
abermals einen Srief BON unierm Sreuno
Gapt. Wd9cr, rpcrin er uns meloet,
Dap ct an ienem Sage Elm balbes Sdrrsl
portreffli6e6 ea9erbier, BON 0rn. Sriebs
rid eauer, BON Reaoin9, penniplponien,
ol69ef6enf, erbaltenb babe. yGs f6eint"
la9t Der Captain ,oab 6r. { auer
isine Sreunoe bon ben an9rGn;enoen
9auntles, Die i'm Dienite Der Sereini9ten
Staatcn lteben, nod nidbt pereeiIcn bat,
i fIr oieie Grinncrun9 al un6, llno oas
beiprobene @oblnoQen, itatte i'd ibm
oaber, our6 Sbr Slatt, meinen aufri6s
ti9en Sanf, 70 rpie ;u9lei6 Den Oant
meiner 9anjen @ompa9nie ab. Das Sier
bat meinen ~ Wann, BEL Dem ieeieen
Stano oes Sbermometers, an Dem llfer
Der potOmac, 9anS berrli6 9eibmedt."
Der Lecha Caunty patriot. [volume] (Allentaun, Pa.) 1859-1872, 1861-06-26
Gin erief pen capt. rbemas 11aaer.


Capt. NG9er fbrcibt uns unterm Is.
SUM, aus Dem 2(rfenoI Bu Baibineton,
fol9enbss
nSd babe Die Gbre ben Gmpfane zines
QaGeten bon Dem gbrp. 6rn. 6. @.
y ut ter, BON philadelphia, an3uers
fennen = entbalteno rs BON oen beItsUerz
ferti9ten 6auelods = pofir mir in Der
Sbat febr oantbar fibleu. Oiefe 6ape,
lods iparen ourb cine gote bon foI9enbem
Snbalt be9leitet ,,Serferti9t ourb Die
edoies Der gtelpsStraBe 3utberifben &irs
DE au pbilocelpbia, befonbers fir Capt.
W69er6 @ompa9nie bon QQentoun, pennz
iplpanien9. ltntsr,ei6net burb s. 8.
0utter. SD fam ni6t fblieBen obne
ben edoies BON pbilaoelpbia uno Dem
Gbrp. 6rn. 6utter no6mals unfern uns
9ebeu6elten uno warmen Dont fir obioes
Boblwollen abjuifotten. f'= l.a
9Sir E;nN ofIc a ,G,,uS >, ..tE4a
St. Mary's beacon., 1861-10-10
lnoNARp TOWN MD. THURSDAY 1861


aaich has been called the granary of III.
South And. We added, 81 what has
proved good authority. that rather thar
lose Missouri. the Confederaaes we're ready
tcthrow one hnndrsd tllsusan,l men inte
tpa State for , MOST desperate struggle.
y said: They will concentrate in Mis-.
sesfi prubably not les than one hun.
90 t1opsend men, nth ths ipteptiop y
army from the supplies which that gfca,
State affords. Here they would gain not
only food. but lead iron aud copper, which
they greatly need.
To-day We know that they have nearly
that number there. and that their motions
have been made with the utmost care, aud
with, so far, the utmost Success. 1t is not
impossible that to make the result of tins
struggle surcr, Beauregard has been COM
PEELED to send part of his army to the
West. 1t may be that the men We have
thought to meet before Washington We
shall have to oppose in Kentucky aud
Missouri.
St. Mary's beacon., 1861-10-10
From the ". \. Erening Post.
BEAUREGARD'S REASONS.

1t has been supposed that -Beaurcgarl
has Withdrawn his troops because he means
to take stronger position on the Lower
Potomac. with. the intention Of crossing
there. This supposition we have spoken
of elsewhere, and we will only add that
if he intends to cross the Potomac at
any point. Bcaurcgard will probably draw
those forces which remain in Virginia
into the entrcnchmcnts at Manassas
These, as the reader may zee on the
map, are very important to tue Confele-
rates i'll their movement upon the: capt.
tai. Manassas is centre e1ui-listant
from Washington and from those points
on the Upper and Lower Potomac which
afford the safest places Of passage 1t is
the centre of a semicircle formed by the
Potomac, and whenever Beauregard re-
ally means to advance in direction, he
will concentrate bis forces at this Gen.
trc.
1t is. however, possible that no ad-
vance is meant, nor any lure held out
to Us. 1t is possible that the, enemy has
sent troops from Manassas to support
the desperate struggle in East Tenne s>ee
kentucky and. Missouri, and that the
she'll Of an army only remains before
Washington.
a month ago We warned the public that
the Confederates were already selecting
their winter quarters. We said in the
Etniay Post Of August 30: 1T is not
too early III the year for prudent com
lnanders to select their winter quarters.
1t may not matter so much with us;
Dut the question Of supplies, which con-
stantly presses upon the insurgents,
leaves them no liberty to delay their
choice. Their necessities and th,ir safe
ty alike force them. at every hazard. to
keep our armies out # the cntton Statcss,
aud to secure a superior footh"ld for their
own, before winter comes, in those Of the
border States which can afford them abun-
sant provisions. Virginia. Kentucky and
Missouri are these States, the possession
"f Kentucky including ALSO control Of
Eastern aud Middle TeLucssee, region
St. Mary's beacon., 1861-10-10
E,Om the .Nrr 1nyk HcruLl

WANroN Destruction. 1t pains US to-
.gain read Of the unnecessary destruction
Of louaes ID o;her property to large
amount during the xdvance of our troops up
on Fall Church on Sunday last. Both Tn
ionists ard Scccssiouists suffered alike in
this wanton raid. 1t appears that the
coloncls of TIE different regiments have
made but little progress in the discipline
expected from them under the training
which they have received since the bat
tie of Bull Run. They alone are resror
>itlc for these outrases; for if they had
checked them cncrgrticaI.y in tho cou,-
mencemcnt, they would not have been
perscver-d in. No commanding officer
shonld hesitate Il moment in shooting down
the first offender in this way who disrc-
CARDS his orders.
St. Mary's beacon., 1861-10-10

"OLp ABB" on DRAFTING IN THE WEST
1t appears that the Prcsilcn, hps gut
his foot down firmly" against drafting in
the West until the Central and Eastern
States shall hsve raised something like
ihcir proportion each of the live hundred
thousand soldiers called for by Congress.
New York. according to this test. is stii
some twenty-five thousand bcbind-hsud
Accordingly We mus. again call upon
Major-General Morgan to push along the
work Of recruiting with renewed energy
What he could no, accomplished in the
military line rs a Governor. he onght to
be competen, TO do As MnjorG Genera.
St. Mary's beacon., 1861-10-10
No. 40

-
Axsssrs Br rnE MILlrAkY. The 9TH
Regiment, stationed on Sunday last as
Midlctown, made number Of arrcsss, bat
retained none save DR.. Robert Dirges and
Mr.. Marccllps Thompson. These we're:
arrested At the rcsidence Of Col. +. Thom-
pson, and were discharged ycsterduy uymorn-
ing. =
The detaehmaot e ahe Ii Regis 90.
which left here en- Monday morning. after
leaving town arrested Mr. Samuel b. Da-
Wis and Major Charles s. Williams. The
major however, was released after. a days
detention. there being no evidence Of
wrong doing elected in his case Rumor
says that lot of arms and some powder
were found concealed on the farm managed
by MIR. Davis. and hence his detention
Whether Mr.. d. knew anything Of such
concealment we are unable to say.
Since the above was in type, Mr.. Davis
has reached this villagc.-I'or Tobacco
YImcs.
St. Mary's beacon., 1861-10-10
From u. ". y. Times.

THAT REBEL RxrREAr.-Wc are all in
the dark yet SO far as the understanding
of the rebel retreat goes. We can only
conjecture. and M we have nothing but
the fact that they have gone. Of course
guessing is all We can do. II is certain
that Gcn. Mcclellan never had a
'shought that such retreat was contcrn-
plated. and did not know that it had taken
place un.il several hours after the last
rebel pickcts had strolled away; aud. rs
it appears. not until the n,sin force. had
had been gone for two days. All we can
do is to wait and watch, and pray that the
rebels will speedily turn up where we can
get fair blow at them. No credit is Civ
en- to the report that they have gone below
to stop the navigation Of the Potomac.
St. Mary's beacon., 1861-10-10

LIErrESANT COLONEL RsGuARD JoHN-
son. S.-This officer is now in command OF
the Home Guard, encamped at Lebanon
junction lie il connected permanently
with Colonel Jackson's regiment Of cavalry
A graduate Of West Point, hc originally
entered the service as a second lieutenant
by brevet. of the Sixth Infantry. in 1849.
lie is Kentuckisn, and was appointed
from Kentucky. He has been twice pro-
moted, and was, at the oreuing Of hostiIi-
ties. a captain Of ca valry. from wh,c!
grade he has been lately promoted to the
rank now held by hin
St. Mary's beacon., 1861-10-10

coast and river blockade, the invasion OF
Statfs the suspension Of the writ oi
Tlaheas Corpus the seizure and confsca-
ton of private property by military for
ces citizens taken by soldiery and put
under martial arrest for speaking trea-
son y the provost marshal superseding
the sheriff; and the drum head taking
| the place of the jury box these and
lsn,An othss~assss Asio6c BY The Presidsht,
or under his authority, are wholly with
out warrant in law George
Washington was for time Dictator, be-
cause Congress made him such. This
case is without precedent, but i, makes
one When arbitrary power can be so
readily assumed. all the liberties of the
people are in danger. The plea of ne
cessity draws the sword on our adycr-
sary to-day; the like plea may turn it
on ourselves Tomorrow
THeaiiesh We oppose this war be-
cau,e it is the war of the Abolitionists
and of the Rspubl;can party
by the strongest appeals to our pa
triotism the national sentiment has been
thoroughly reused the whole North is
IN arms, and eager for battle to sustain
.hc go7crnmcnt. Who does not know
that all this excitement and preparation
is for the especial benefit of certain por-
tion of the community; in support of
those very people who after years of
toll and preparation have succeeded in
bringing their present tragedy before the
public, and who, safe behind the scenes,
now chuckle over the felicitous develop
mcnt of the plot, and the wonderful sue
cess of the piece? Yes the impending
crisis. the irrepressiblc conflict, the
long-expeeted day has at length come.
BLOW yc the trumpet, blow. and pro-
claim liberty throughout; land"
Those quondam champions of free
speech and a free press. suddenly convert
ed into blazing patriots, glow with pious
fervor against all freedom, save their own.
Those who differ with them, are traitors !;
to oppose them is treason. In the name
Of the U lion they have betrayed. Of the
Constitution they disregaried, and of the
laws they have insolentlv dcfed, these
model citizens now demand Of US. apd of
all men, to march for them to their tune
OF the Union, and wage their War Of ex
Termination.
| will yield to no.man in my love for
the Union. Heretofore. with my humble
pen, to the best Of my ability, have ell
dcayored to serve it. am not to be driv-
Ell now from we'll considered opinions, BY
the clamors or threats of those very p.o-
pie who have done go much to overthrow
our government and dishonor our flag
If ten thousand lives could give peace to
this distracted land, and restore our glori-
GUS old Unicn. cheap i: dc d yeul be
the purchase, and happy, thrice happy.
those patriots on whom the lot should fall.
However much or little may presume to
share in these sentiments, | make bold to
say, that will not, under any pretense,
sid or countenancc, the abominable pro-
jccts of those. who. having hunted the
Union to death, now hound US on to her
bloody obsequics, and our general ruin.
St. Mary's beacon., 1861-10-10
Brio. GEH. w. T. SHERMAN. in com

Brio. Gen W. T. SHERMAN, in com
mand Of the brigade now csta oIIshcd ia
the camp of occupation on and beyond
Muldraugh's Heights, is known as an
officer and man "f sterling merit. and is
possessed Of i thorough military education.
lie is native Of Ohio, abou. thirty years
Of age, a graduate Of West Point, anu tor
many years Prssidens of the Iouisiana
State Military Academy. lie is tall.
spare man-not wiry nor bent. His form,
though slight. has a commanding appear
anse. He is quick spoken rathcr grua
in his MANNERS and answers. He thinks =
great deal, but speaks little. His mind i.
visible absorbed in liz duties. aud his
time is devoted to performing them.
St. Mary's beacon., 1861-10-10

GRANDMorHEgs There is no love
like a mothcr's." we are told: but grand
mothers love is rry like it, and often
qnite as deep and strong We put it Ia
grandchildren of tender age, to say who
pets and indulges them most-moth"r or
grandmother. They know in their little
hearts that the latter spoils chem. When
there is question of birch between Ma
tcrnity aud Little Pickle, Grand-Materni-
ty steps in as iuterccssor. Failing to avert
the rod, she commiseratcs the smart, and
with condoling candies soothes the i,dig-
nant culprit. The truth is. that as gentle
hearted women decline into the vale o!
years, their affection for children becomes
more intense and exclusive. Grandma
has folded her hands from the world. Its
artificial gaye,ics and its compliments have
los. their xcst-they are "all hallow, hol-
low" But the natural love Of childhood
is dcarer to her than ever. 1t takes her
back to the days when she frolicked. a
happy young mother, with the child whose
children she is carressing; it reminds her
as she looks forward toward the goal OF
her pilgrimage, that of such is the king
dom she is nearing.
Graudmothers, however, are not always
properly appreciated and treated with the
respect they deserve BY the juvenile gene
ration. Boys aud girls of the Laccdemon-
ian type are somewhat scarce in this re-
public, and the liberties taken mih, and
the advantages taken of. the Grand mater
nal stock BY the olive branches of the
household. are often disgraccful to infant
morals and manners. But the venerable
old ladies rarely scold the delinquents. -
On the contrary. they laugh at the tricks
played at their expense. and are patient
aud forbearing under provocations thst
mothers would be apt to rcquitc with a
stinging rrbuke. Beautiful is the love Of
grandmothers
St. Mary's beacon., 1861-10-10
From the Cincinnati Times

A PASIc.-The crisis is upon US the
dilatory policy pursued on tho Potomac
will not do. The enemy must not be al
lowed to fortify the Green River passes
and the Cumberland Gaps. as they have
fortified Manassas aud Aqua Creek
Economy is no. always the best policy il
war. 1t may frequently be better to ex
pend million now, than tithe of tia
sum in a week. If Government ac
promptly. Kentucky will be savc'!; if i
delays. Cincinnati will BE- destroyed.
St. Mary's beacon., 1861-10-10
An oil bachelor was taken aback dav

An oil bachelor was taken aback dav
or two since, as follows Picking mp a
New York paper he exclaimed. npon 60
ing wood cut representing IL man st the
feet of a woman. Before would ever
kneel down TO woman, | would enrircle
my neck with rope and stretch it," And
then turning around to young woman.
wh"se wit is sometimes as sharp as a ner-
dle. he inquired.
DO YOU not think it would be the best
thing could do?''
1T would undoubtedly BE- the best
thing for the lady," was the clincher.
St. Mary's beacon., 1861-10-10

Txxxs n i snrrr5on 81 80 ~ an
nsm, q - 5ad Wfil1n ~ months. 10
sahemi1Ip WI y leceised fer = slioFle1
spssio1 fAee - u2nlIe 1n1 10 ars'r =
1il So sunf7 Al arrearsees are paid.
sxsup4 .stthe. option of the publishers.
Txaxs on ADvRkfasISo. 81 per square
igos the fsst insertion. and 25 cts. for
every subsequent insertion. Twelve lines
O. less constitute n square If the number
sf insertions be not marked on the adver-
sisenent. il will be published until forbid.
and charged aceordiagly. A liberal de-
duetiour made to those who advertise by
he year.
St. Mary's beacon., 1861-10-10
From the n. y. World.
THE IMPORTANCE OF MISSOURI

The interests now impcriled in tho
Southwest are, in the eye of statesman
far more important than the safety d
Washington. If the rebellion should be
successful, VIC should never continue the
national capital on the frontier where i,
would be constantly liable to menace; and
the worst that would result from its fal
now (a>ide from the loss Of prcstige) would
be the loss of Maryland, whose Sou,hcrl
sympathies canse it to gravitate toward tn.
Slaveholding Confederacy. But the sue.
cess of the rebels in Missouri would, in
case the rebellion is successful entail the
loss of our whole magnificent western do
main, extending from the right bank o1
the Mississippi to the coast of the Pacific
The State of Missouri is the key to al
clnhryo empire. Its detection to the
ConfejcratGs would lose us all the fruits
uf Jcffcrson's craftsmanship in the Louisi-
ana purchase, all the rich territorial fruit.
Of the Mexican war, and the whole o
Oregon, for mere strip of which We were
ready to go to war with England fifteen
years ago when the popular cry was
''iifty-f"ur forty or fight" 1t would cud
the great political cont, ovcrsy respecting
the non-extcnsion Of slavery, hy giving ul
to the enemy every. 100, of the territory ST
long in dispute. 1t would complete the
circle Of the national quarrel on tho slave
ry question. by bringing it around to the
point where it commenced in 1919. anu
cause the success Of the South in the adj
mission of Missouri as slave State to cul-
inmate in the greater success Of It's with
drawal. carrying with it all the territory
which rendered that famous controversy 81
important.
St. Mary's beacon., 1861-10-10
From Tie Syrsesse 1C51rier.

.sTnk RspURLscAx EEuxssr.r--The
Oneida MbrHiag Herald thus charges al
the disasters Of the var TO the slowness
and want Of patriotism of the people in
volunteering:
Il Is the lack Of men that in part Il
least. cost Us Balls Run, tho sacrifice a
4syea. snskths sssssnasr u 1.sxinggSn
1t is the LACK Of men that delays the de-
parture of naw naval expeditions. 1t is
the lack of men that has thus far prevent
ed an expedition down the Mississippi
1t is the lack of men that. restraius Nc
Clelan from beating back the inzolent as
sailants from the gates of Washington"
If so why not urge its Republican friends
in the Black Republican counties where
it chiefly circulatcs to fill up more rapidly
the ranks: Why, if it has urged them
does it not succeed tctter, for it is ac-
knowledgcd that the counties where the
Republican strength is greatest have done
the least? Is it without inauc nee among
its own friends. or are those Repul licans
more really to insist on war for others TO
fight in than to take hand in it thcn.-
selves?
St. Mary's beacon., 1861-10-10

ToBAcco FOR THE SOLDIERS. Rs.-The pro-
priety Of serving out tobacco with soldiers
ration is under considerations; Gen. Me
Cle:lan is said to favor it, as a meaus Of
increasing the comfort aud checnulnese Of
the troops.
St. Mary's beacon., 1861-10-10

An Arrival FROM RICnMoSp--A gen.
tleman has come to Washington direct
from Richmond, via Norfolk, where he
was sent with flag of truce. He has
been held in custody by the Confedcrates
at Richmond for about two months. al
though he was civilian. and had no con-
nection with our army operations. 1t is
the opinion of this gentleman that the Con-
federutes have two hundrcd.pn City thnus-
and men in Virginia. and that the force is
being rapidly augmented. He says it was
one continual stream of troops passing
through Richmond for the seat of war.
He saw the Howell Cobb regiment of Cav
airy pass through Richmond, aud he thinks
he never saw a more perfectly equipped
and better appearing regiment. lie says
all the Confederate troops that he saw np~
pesred to be fairly clothed and we'll shod.
Provisions, he ~thinks,--aIs plenty. and
that the Coufcdcratcs:. :.have an abundance
of the actual necessaries of life. He says
our men who were taken prisoners are
badly treated By the Coufederates, espe-
cially since the escape of some of the pris-
oners. He represents the case Of Lieut..
Sclden as particularly hard.
St. Mary's beacon., 1861-10-10

S Bal opening for q young man.
The door leading into u rum .hep.
St. Mary's beacon., 1861-10-10
"rather than lie less,
Cared not 10 he Ut ALL"

The sentiment was worthy of tue soil -
True courage speaks a different language
Let US take council of sound policy and
deliberate judgment. and turn from the
rash conclusion Of fanaticism and resent
ment let Us be friends, serviceable neigh
bors. If we cannot be fellow citizens. If
the Union IL to be saved, it is not to be
saved by force. If the Uuion be lost, it
is nevertheless in our power to become
close allies. and to stand before the world
as one people, and mighty nation.
List the most sanguinary mind, the live
licst imagination, endeayor to pierce the
future of contrary course, and it will
vainly strive to fathom an abyss unfathom-
able, Of woe and dcsolation no pen can
describe
Eiiyateenth-We oppose this war be-
cause it is a war of sections; the North
against the South, the stronger agains.
the weaker. the majority in arms to
compel the minority in arms to resist
In this connection it ceases to be a
question of slavery, pro or con.-or any
question save this.-the right Of States
satisfied with the Union to compel dis
satisfied States to sbids by the Uuion,
nolens tolens. AS | am convinced that
solution of this question BY a resort
to force was not in the bargain. and
know that a suggestion to to that effect
was promptly rejected by the trainers
of the Constitution, | am obliged to OPP
pose this war.
Nineseensh--We oppose this war be-
cause there 10 no law authorizing it.
Those armies operating in the field ; this
great increase to the standing force of
our national defence this extensive sea