davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
, 1861-01-11

l will have equality for Georgia, and for
the citizens Of Georgia, in this Union, or /
will look for new safeguards elsewhere
This is my position, The only question
now is, can they be secured in the Unioni
This is what | am counseling with you to-
night about. Can il be secured? In my
judgment it may be; but it may not be
but let US do all we eau, so that 10 the fu-
ture, if the worst come, it may never be
said we were negligent in doing our duty
to the last.
Ny countrymen, l am not one Of those
who believe this Union has been curse
up TO this time True men, men Of mteg,
rity, entertain different views from me on
this subject. do not question their right
to do SO; would not impugn their motive,
in so dong, uOr will l undertake 10 say
that this government Of our fathers is per
feet. There is nothing perfect in thi;
world Of human origin-nothing connec
ted with human nature, from man himsel
to any Of bis works You may select The
wisest and best men for your judges, aDC
yet how many defects are there in the ad
ministration Of justice? You may selec
the wisest and best men for your legisla
tors, aud yet how many defects are appar
ent in your laws!"
, 1861-01-11

have heard it mooted that no man 10
the State Of Georgia, who is true to her
interests, could hold Office under Lincoln
But, | ask, who appoints to Officer Not
the President alOue-the Senate has to
concur. No man can be appointed with.
out the consent of the Senate. Should any
man then refuse to hold Office that was
given to him by Democratic Senate?-
Toombs interrupted, aud said il the Sen.
ate was Democratic, it was for BFeckin.
ridge. Well, then, continued Mr.. Steph-
eos, apprehend no man could be justly
considered untrue to the interests Of Geof.
gia, or incur any disgrace, if the interests
Of Georgia required it, to hold an Office
which BreckiUridge Senate had given
him, even though Lincoln should be Presi.
dent Prolonged applause, mingled with
interruption.
, 1861-01-11

But it is said Lincoln's policy and princi-
pies are against the constitution, and that
il he carries them out it will be destructive
of our rights. Let us not anticipate o
threatened evil If he violates the consti-
tuition, then will come our time to act. Do
not let US break it, because, fOrsooth, he
may If he does, that is the time for us to
strike. lApplanse. l think it would be
injudicious aud unwi,e TO do this sooner
| do'not anticipate that Lincoln will do
apythin2 to jeopardize our safety or securi-
ty, whatever may he his spirit to do 1t for
be is bound by the constitutional checks
which are thrown around him, which at this
time renders him powerless to do any great
mischief. This shows the wisdom OF our
system. The President of the United
States is no Emperor, no dictator--he is
clothed with no absolute power. He can
do nothing unless he is backed by power in
Congress. The Heuse of Representatives
is largely in the msjority against him.
, 1861-01-11

! be- Among the few prominent un;oi
men in the cotton States, first stands, polit
ically and morally, the patriot Alexander
II. Stephens. Here is a part of his last
great speech:
"The first question that presents itself is
shall the people of the South seCede from
the Union in consequence of the election
of Mr. Lincoln to the Presidency Of the
United States! My couutrymen, tell
you frankly, candidly and earnestly, that !
do not think that they ought In my inlg.
ment, the election of no man, constitution,
ally chosen to that high office, is sufficient
cause for any State to separate from the
Union 1t ought to stand by aud aid still
in lsaintaiuing the Constitution Of the coun-
try. To make o point of resistance to the
government, to withdraw from it because
man has been constitutionally elected,
puts US in the wrong. We are pledged to
maintain the constitution Manyeof us
have sworn to support it. Can we, there
fore, for the mere election of man to the
Presidency, and that too in accordance
with the prescribed forms Of the constitu.
ton, make point Of resistance to the gov
ernment without becoming the breakers Of
that sacred instrument ourselves. With
draw ourselves from it? Would we not be
in the wrong?
Whatever fate is to befalI this country,
let it never be laid TO the charge of the
people of the South, and especially to the
people of Georgia, that we were untrue to
our national engagements. Let the fault
and the wrong rest upon others. II all our
hopes are to be blasted, if the Republic is
to 60 down, let us be found to the last mo-
ment standing on the deck, with the con
stitution of the United States waving over
our heads. Applause
The weekly pioneer and Democrat. [volume] (Saint Paul, Minn. Territory) 1855-1865, 1861-03-01
Severe Winters.

The Nord gives the following details on
the subject of rigorous Winters In
1909 the cold was excessive throughout the
whole of Europe; the Adriatic was COM
petely frozen over; general and destruc
tive famine prevailed; food of the first ne
cessity was at exhorbtant prices at Paris
bread made of oaten flour was served at the
tables of the rich and CT Princes. Cattle
persisted from cold and hunger. The crops
in the year following was very abundant.
In l748 the thermometer at st. Petersburg
fell to 30 deg. below zero centigrade az
deg. below zero Farenheit). On the Both
of December the glass fell to 1871 deg. be-
low zero Reaumur 70 deg. below zero Far.
enheight), and the ice Brussels was %
inches thick. In 1894 the cold was exces.
sive, and the army of Gen. Pichegru invad-
ed Holland by crossing the Wahal on the
ice. In 1912, Winter rendered memora-
BILE from the disasters of the French Army
in Russia, the thermometer on the 26th of
November marked l8 deg. below zero
Reaumur Is deg. so min. below zero Far
enheit. In 1920 the cold in Europe was
very rigorous. On the 18th of January the
thermometer at Berlin fell to 20 deg be.
low zero G. "A below zero F. and at Brus.
sells at IL deg. below zero G. 70 deg. so
min. below zero F :. 1t was in this year
that the Palace of the Price of Orange
was destroyed by fire. On the 25th of Jan.
1923, the thermometer at Brussels fell to
tn below zero Reaumur (6 deg. % min.
below zero F.) In 1915 the Winter was
long and severe. The thermometer at Ber>
lin fell to II deg. below zero G. e Geg. 80
min. below zero F y Strasburg, IA 6eg G.
Is deg. below zero +. J; Paris, IL deg. G.
70 deg. 80 min. F and at Brussels it
stood at IL deg. below zero Reaumur %
deg. below zero F).
The weekly pioneer and Democrat. [volume] (Saint Paul, Minn. Territory) 1855-1865, 1861-03-01
Gaeta..The Sandman Summons and
the Neap0litan Reply.

GAETA, January 10.
General Cialdini sent flag of truce this
morning to the commander OF the fortress.
The bearer OF the flag of truce was General
Menabrea himself, and more honorable
choice could not be made for the besieged.
The purpose of bis mission was to announce
that the armistice would expire at sunset,
and to propose capituation on the follow
ing terms: The King should be at liberty
to retire whittier be pleased, with all the
persons who desire to accompany him, and
that one or two frigates should be placed
at his disposal for that purpose. The gar
rison to leave with all the honors of war,
and not to be considered prisoners. The
officers to be secured in their ranks, and
those who desired to follow the King to
have three months to consider whether they
would adhere to the new order of things.
The foreign soldiers should be sent home at
the expense of Victor Emanuel, and should
receive three months pay as a gratuity.
The Government woald not hear of a sur
render.
General Cialdini intends to concentrate
the fire of $50 guns on one point, and be
expects shortly to effect breach. The
French steamships Bretagne and Fontenoy,
together with the two smaller vessels in the
roads, are to leave at sunset. Being now
shut up in the fortress, l do not know when
l shall be able to write to you again. You
may depend, however, that | shall note
down all the facts of the siege, and if yon do
not receive them as quickly as l could wish,
you shall at least have true account of all
that passes. The resolution of the king,
queen, princes, and, l will add, of the gar
rsoD, is firm. They are determined to fight
to the last extremity, and do not expect to
be defeated.
l am able to communicate to you the last
paragraph of letter which the King lately
sent to the Emperor Napoleon. 1t is as
follows: 81 will defend my rights to the last
moment. If be killed, my death will be
my best title to the remembrance of pos.
terity. If / be taken prisoner, the example
of Francis l. will have taught me that my
honor is safe, and that l have not compro.
missed the rights of my successors" ADJ
mral LIE Barber de Tinan visited the King
yesterday. He afterwards visited the Sis
tiers of Charity in the hospitals. The Ad-
m-al appeared to be greatly affected on
taking leave. Great preparations are being
mace for the defence, and the Neapolitans,
naturally so improvident, have assumed an
air of gravity which astonshes me. 1t ap.
pears that the Pope's Nuncio, and the am
bassadors of Saxony and Bavaria, will
follow the example of the Spanish ambassa-
dor, and will not quit Gaeta.
The weekly pioneer and Democrat. [volume] (Saint Paul, Minn. Territory) 1855-1865, 1861-03-01

Gov. ANDREW, of Massachusetts, is in
hot water about his military order intend
ed to menace the South. Among many
letters of remonstrance from patriotic mill
tary men in the State, is one from Capt.
CHARLES II. MANNING, of the Salem Artil-
lery. He says:
They, the Salem Light Artillery, are
now filled with establishment at the alacri-
ty with which Massachusetts, offers her ser.
vices in the work of war against her breth.
rem. That she who, swept on by political
rancor, proposed to shut up her arsenals
and her store houses, and bury every mill
tary ensign in the dusty seclusion of desert
ed armories, while foreign foe was sweep
ing our seas, destroying our towns and de.
Wasting our felds-that should now rush to
arms against those of her fellow citizens
who ask for position equal with her own
under the confederation, is as strange and
unnatural as that national madness which
vents itself in the horrors of civil strife.
That she who denounced and de6ed the
Union, while it was in the hands of her po.
litical opponents, should now be eager to
fight for its preservation, is somewhat signi-
fcant
The weekly pioneer and Democrat. [volume] (Saint Paul, Minn. Territory) 1855-1865, 1861-03-01
The Inquisitive Down.Easter.

From Clarks Knickerbocker Magazine.
A gentleman riding in an eastern railway
car, which was rather scantily supplied
with passengers, observed in a seat before
him lean slab sided Yankee, every feature
of whose face seemed to ask question, and
little circumstance soon proved that he
possessed "more inquiring mind"
Before him, occupying the entire seat, sat
a lady dressed in deep mourning, and after
shifting his position several times, and man.
covering to get an opportunity to look into
her face, he at IeDghth caught her eye and
commenced:
in affliction?"
Yes, sir" responded the lady.
"Parent ?-father or mother :"
"No, SIR"
"Child, perhaps-boy or girl?"
No, sir, not a child l have no child.
rem"
Husband, then, expect"
Yes" was the curt answer.
"Hum !-cholery "a tradin' man, may
BET"
My husband was seafaring man-cap-
tain of a vessel. He did not die of cholera;
he was drowned"
ooh, drowned, eh ?" pursued the inqui-
sitor, besitatiDg for brief instant.
"Save his chist ?"
Yes, the vessel was saved, and my hus-
bands effects" said the widow.
Was they?" asked the down easter, bis
eyes Frightening up.
"Pious man ?"
He was born member of the Methodist
church."
The next question was delayed but it
came.
Don't you think you have a great cause
to be thankful he was pious man and saved
his chist?"
Il do" said the widow abruptly, and
turned Der head to look out of the win
dow. The interchangeable "pum" changed
his position. Held the widow by his
glitteriDg eye once more, and propounded
one more query, in little lower tone, with
his head slightly inclined forward over the
back on the seat, then the delicate question
came out:
"Was you calculating to get married
again?"
"Sir," said the widow, Indignantly, "you
are impertinant."
And she left her seat, and took another
on the other side of the car.
"'Pears to be little hufy!" said the
inefable bore, turning to our narrator
behind him; "she needn't be mad; l
don't want to hurt her feelings. What
did they make you pay for that umbrella
you have got in your hand? lisa raal
pooty one."
No answer was returned to the imper-
tinent querist, and he was left alone to
his own musings the remainder of the jour-
ney.
The weekly pioneer and Democrat. [volume] (Saint Paul, Minn. Territory) 1855-1865, 1861-03-01

What tho Professor Says of Women.

What tho Professor Says OF Women
DR.. HOLMES is fully up to the mark in The
story be is writing from month to month il
the Atlantic Monthly. Here are a few wise
paragraphs:
Beware of the woman who cannot find
free utterance for all her stormy inner life,
either in words or song So long as v o.
man can talk, there is nothing she can not
bear. If she can have companion to list.
en- to her woes, and has no musical utterance
vocal or instrumental, then-if she is of the
real woman sort, and has few heartfuls OF
wild blood in her, and you have done her a
wroDg-double bolt the door which she
may enter on noiseless slippers at midnight;
look twice before you taste of any cup,
whose draught the shadow of her hand NAV
have darkened!
But let her talk, and, above all, let her
cry, or if she is one OF the coarse. grained
tribe, give her the run of all the red hot ex.
pletives in the language, and let her blister
her lips with them until she is tired-she
will sleep like a lamb after it, and you may
take cup of coffee from her without STIR
ring it up to look for its sediment.
SO, if she can sing or play on any musical
instrument, all her wckedness will run off
through her throat or the tips of her fingers.
How many tragedies find their peaceful
catastrophe in fierce roulades and strenuous
brwuras. How many murders are executed
in double quick time upon the keys which
stab the air with their dagger strokes of
sound. What would our civilization be
without the piano? Are not Erard and
Broadwood and Chickering the true human
izers of our time? Therefore do like to
hear the all pervading tumtum Earring the
whole walls of little parlors, in houses with
double door-plates on their portals, looking
out on streets aud courts which to know is
to be unknown, and where to exist is not to
live, according to any due definition of liv-
ing. Therefore complain l not of modern
degeneracy when, even from the open wins
dow of the small, unlovely farm house,
tenanted by the hard handed man of bovine
favors and the flat patterned woman of
broken down countenance, issue the same
familiar sounds. For who knows that AL
mira, but for these keys, which throb away
her wild impulses in harmless discords, would
not have been floating dead, in the brown
stream which runs through the meadows by
her fathers door, or living with that other
current which runs beneath the gas-lights
over the Shiny pavements, choking with
wretched weeds that were once in spotless
flower?
The weekly pioneer and Democrat. [volume] (Saint Paul, Minn. Territory) 1855-1865, 1861-03-01
More Manifestation Of Patriotism.

Mr.. Weed, the editor of the Albany
Evening Journal, continues to prove him.
self Patriot notwith standing the assaults
made upon him by leaders Of his own party
for bis course. In late article in reply to
an assault in the New York Tribune. Mr..
Weed says:
But we suggest to the managers of the
Tribune, in New York and Washington,
the fitness of deferring their personal
quarrel until the common duty of preserv-
ing the government has been discharged.
Let the Tribune forego, for short period,
its course of evaporation, its taunts and
insult, towards the whole south. Let it, at
least until the 4th of March, discrim-
mate between southern treason and SOUTH
ern patriotism-between Gulf and border
states.
The Union hangs upon single thread.
That severed, we rush into civil war, or
yield to the sway of usurpers. The Tribune
labOrs for One-we know not which-of
these alternatives. Nor are we quite sure
which is the worst: At present, we are not
inclined to surrender the government, even
if it cost rivers of blood to defend the capt.
tai. While, however, treason and con-
spiracy stalk forth, threatening and unde>
termiuing the Constitution, statesmen chat.
fer about platforms" and journals labor
to aggravate rather than soothe the pas
sions which seek to overthrow the govern
ment.
We have said, and now repeat, that the
duty of patriot harmonizes with the
principles of Republicanism. How can it
be otherwise? Do not Republicans love
the Constitution, the Union, the country !?
And are not states and traitors seeking to
destroy all that our fathers established
We are but proving ourselves Republicans
by making the Constitution our Shibboleth.
If it were Otherwise-if our party leads in
any other directon-if ga choice must be
made" between party and country, we differ
so widely from it as to prefer the Union to
fifty" parties.
The weekly pioneer and Democrat. [volume] (Saint Paul, Minn. Territory) 1855-1865, 1861-03-01

WANT OF SINCERITY AND CRIMINAL
TR1FL1Na.-Tbe Washington correspondent
of the New York World closes his letter of
the 18th inst. by saying: "The hope of
Republicans opposed to compromise is to
carry the whole question over the 4th of
March, and l am informed by one of them
that they will 6llibuster, if need be, to this
end" They will play with the Border
States, as an angler plays with the fish he
has hooked, until the 4th Of March, and
then bid them defiance. What trifing
with the most momentous of subjects
The weekly pioneer and Democrat. [volume] (Saint Paul, Minn. Territory) 1855-1865, 1861-03-01
Compromises.

"There are persons who are very wise in
their own esteem, and who will reject all
compromises; but that is no reason why a
reason should not be attempted. I 60 for
honorable compromise when occasions call
for it. Life itself is but a compromise,
until the Great Destroyer finally triumphs.
All legislation, all government, all society,
is formed upon the principle of mutual con.
cession, politeness, comfy, courtesy, upon
these everything is based. bow to you
to-day, because you bow to me. You are
respectful to me, because am respectful to
you. Compromise is peculiarly appropriate
between the members of Republic, as of
one common family. Compromises have
this recommendation, that if you concede
anything, you have something conceded to
you in return. Treaties are compromises
made with foreign powers, which is not
case like this. Here, if you concede any,
thing, it is to your own brethren-to your
own family. Let him who elevates himself
above humanity, above its weakness, its
in6rmities, its wants, its necessities, say, if
he pleases, never will compromise; but let
no one, who is not above the frailities of our
common nature, disdain compromise"
HENRY CLAY.
Gall government, indeed every human
benefit, and enjoyment, and virtue, and every
prudent act, is founded on compromise and
barter. The balance inconvenience; we
give and we take; we remit some rights,
that we may enjoy others, and we choose
rather to be happy citizens, than subtle
dependents. AS we must give away some
natural liberty, to enjoy civil advantages, so
we must sacrifice some civil liberties for the
advantages to be derived from the COM
munion and fellowship OF great empire.
But in all fair dealings, the thing bought
must bear some fair proportion to the pur.
chase paid. None will barter away the
immediate jewel of their souls. But al,
though there are some among us who think
our constitution wants many improvements
to make it complete system of liberty,
perhaps none who are of that opinion would
think it right to aim at such improvement,
by disturbing his country and risking every
thing that is dear to him. In every ardu-
Gus enterprise we consider what we are to
lose, as well as what we are to gain, and the
more and the better stake of liberty every
people possess, the less they will hazard in
vain attempt to make it more. These are
the cords of man. Man acts from adequate
motives relative to bis interest. and not on
metaphysical speculations. Aristotle, the
great master of reasoning, cautions US, and
with great weight and propriety, against
this species of delusive geometrical accuracy
in moral arguments, as the most fallacious
of all sophistry." t' ai9e
EDMUND BURKE.
The weekly pioneer and Democrat. [volume] (Saint Paul, Minn. Territory) 1855-1865, 1861-03-01

The Pennington (Maine) Chronicle says
that diptheria is making sad ravages in
that neighborbood. In one small neighbor.
hood in Chesterville, ten persons have fallen
its victims within brief period. In one
family the. father died while his child was
being conveyed to its burial. In another
three chrildren lay dead in the house at
one time, and four more Frustrated with the
disease: Scores Of families in Pennington
and adjoining towns are mourning the loss
Of one or more loved ones, who have been
smi:ten suddenly down with this fatal dis
ease. ,.5@....,,..,t
The weekly pioneer and Democrat. [volume] (Saint Paul, Minn. Territory) 1855-1865, 1861-03-01
RICHMOND. Va. Feb.

RICHMOND, VA, FeD. II.
Fitzhugh & Meyers, tobacco factory was
destroyed this morning with its contents,
including large amount of manufactured
tobacco, which was ready for shipment.
The loss is very large, with but partial
insurance. The building originally cost
100000, and was owned by Mr.. Warwick.
1t was the scene of the famous Clay dinner
in 1888. The smaller factory adjoining,
and occupied by Mason & Timberlake, was
also destroyed.
The weekly pioneer and Democrat. [volume] (Saint Paul, Minn. Territory) 1855-1865, 1861-03-01

The honor of being the Oldest Free Ma.
son in America was awarded to the late
Major Middleton, Of central New York.
Another one, still older, resides near Ska
neateles; bis name is Hugh Pike; be is 90
years old, and was initiated into the Masonic
fraternity SO years ago, or In Washington's
Presidency of the Union and Grandmaster.
ship of the order. Mr.. Pike is in reduced
circumstances.
The weekly pioneer and Democrat. [volume] (Saint Paul, Minn. Territory) 1855-1865, 1861-03-01

Missouri has gone overwhelmingly for
the Union. Probably there will not be ten
secessionists in the convention. The aver.
age majority for the Union ticket in this
county is little over 1000.
The weekly pioneer and Democrat. [volume] (Saint Paul, Minn. Territory) 1855-1865, 1861-03-01

It is reported that Ex.Judge Edward G..
Loring of Massachusetts, has been offered
the Sandman Mission.
Des Arc semi-weekly citizen., 1861-05-17
RIVER NEWS, Sc.

R WLite river and it's tributaries an now very high. The bottoms are pretty ger erally overhowed and the river still risin. Jacksonport, we learn, is almost entirely u der water.
 OF The Memphis White and Little h river packet Col. Morgan, Capt. William l Wilds, is due from Memphis next Monday
 Gg The Kanawha Valley, Capt. Pra from Memphis, passed up yesterday evenly bound for Jacksonport. She returns, sOa for Memphis, tomorrow morning. Hercs furnished us with Ale5-of late papers.
 Gzy The New Moon, Capt John Dearil passed down yesterday morning, bound < Memphis.
 . GG- The U. S. Mail packet Sam. Hale, due from Napoleon, bound for Jacksonport,a Monday night.
Des Arc semi-weekly citizen., 1861-05-17

The more protracted the struggle may prove therefore, the worse for the enemy. A consciousness of thls important fact has no doubt impressed our Soethern chieftain with the advantage accrulng from the pur- suance of Fabian policy The North, on the other hand, press vigorously for. ward to the conflict, well approaching the certain fatality of delay. It is impossible, as time will amply, for her to hold out un- der the pressure of it's burdens for the space of single year.