New-York daily tribune., 1861-06-22
A SPANISH AMERICAN PARALLEL.

Those who see the tracings oil philosophy ln tno
map of history, and those who eau draw coucu-
sons from accurate parallels, will DO impressed
by o remarkable analogy with the case Of our own
revolutionists and rebels which sister republic
slIords. The philosophy Of rebellion has matured
into fruit in New-Granada, and with us it is in
the bad but the JED. Dayises of bOth countries
are identical in meanness, in brayado, and IN
ienominious doom. The difference between the
scOundres Of temporary success Is not Ia iayor
of Davis Of Mississippi. General Scott still holds
Washington, as DR.. Ospina has reduced the rebel
leader, MOsquera, to the forlOrnest OF hopes.
From 1880 to 1853 the Republic OF New-Gra-
NADIA lived well. Liberal principles OF govern.
lnent strengthened the population, large pro-
portion of which is Of pure Spanish stock. The
free vote Of the people created the President,
who filed the constitutional term of four years
in due order. Three revolutions were weathered
Restless ambition was always at work-the muddy
undercurrent of every pure political stream-and
faction sought change, but the good seDse and
the good faith Of the majority restrained the evil
spirit. 10 1858, the federatiye system Of the
United States was adopted, with scarcely any
opposition, although the historical data OF tho two
Republics we're sitaly different The New-Gra-
nadians had always been one. But they chose
to be n constellation, instead of remaining star.
They split in order to confederate. From "a
provinces was created a republic OF States.
The conservatives had nominated, in 1856, a
modest but distinguished civilian, Or. Mariana
Ospiua, for the Presidency General Mosquera
had always belonged 10 this party. He had strong
hopes for himself but lad already pledged HIM
self to the support of the successful nominee.
He bore bis disappointment ike weak aud bad
man. forming an Opposition, which he called the
National party. Ospna, dreadOg the effect OF
discord, magnanimously withdrew bis name, III
the hope that Mosqlera would follow his example
aud permit the concentration of the party Oh one
candidate. Mosquera was as vain and impercus
as Jefferson Davis. The people saw how things
stood, forced Ospina 10 accept again, and gave
him on election day about 100, 200 votes. Mosqera
received about $4,000.
The important state OF Cauca felt Itself bound 10
cOncede something 10 the disappointed aspirant.
Mosquera could not be President; the conservatives
Of Ca1ca made him Governor Once in power, he
nursed n scheme of revenge. With pocket Legis-
lature of his own, he imposed upon the State
stringent military rule, moreover the old revolution
AIRY element in New Granada, and at last forced
from the despairpg people Preext for enrolling
large army and imposing imnense forced loans.
Thus he came to have an army Of 5000 negroes
and desperate characters nnder his command. Now
his course vas "a protest and menace against the
constitutional government. The Federal system,
recently adopted, well suited bis personal plans.
He grated upon Constitution more conservative
than our own, ah1 vestiDg the federal branche,
with larger powers the theory OF State Rights.
He proclaimed the doctriue--Dow familiar 10
American statesmen aud journalists-that the
States we're sovereign, aud the Constitution was
compact which might at any time be dissolved
by the will Of any Of the contracting parties;
that State must submit only to the laws agreed
to by her own representatives. that notification
BY tie States Of the National laws was q proper
act; that tie enforcement of the National Con-
stituton rested with the Governors Of tue States,
and not with the President; tina. the States,
being sovereign, shoud be treated by the Gov
/
there was no people, independent of tue States,
allegiance being due first to the State; that the
loyal States ought to maintain strict neutrality
when retellious States opened war against the
General Government; ard that the Government
must ask the consent of State before marching
loyal troops over her territory.
These were the doctrines OF The so.cailed
Federslist party. In conformity with them
Mosquera last year declared the State of Caucs
sovereign aud independent. The States Of
Bolivar and Magdaleua l.he poorest of New.
Granada, where most Of the colored people
resds) pinned their fortunes to bis. The State
Of Santandcr, through a rebeions Legislature,
although the sentiment of The people vas divided,
Joined the other three. These four are united
under the title Of - The United States Of New
q" Grenada" II was tie wish of Mosluera thst
the loyal States of Antioqua ald Panama should
preserve strict neutrality, aud his hOStilitics
have been specially directed against the central
States OF Cundinamarca and Boyaca. These,
with AntiOqua and half of Santander, form the
heart Of the Republic. According to the census
Of 1850, the population of the loyal States, not
Including Panama-those embracing the most
laborous and wealthy citizens-was l.;9s3i t6o;
that Of the rebel States, 175,"G9.
DIR. Osplns answered the arch rebels threats
and programmes with commentaries on the
Consultation, to which our own great eXpounders
might have subscribed. When he called the peo-
pie TO arms ia June Of last year, Rebellion was
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