New-York daily tribune., 1861-11-08

cried 10 hope that they might. we no" kno" 'nos
@ mas, vive them up, or gIve up trying 10 accom-
i, wo onrs Ives TO what the South has declared,
snd demonstratcd 80 DO thu necessities o lts stte OF
a., ;etv ThOse necesslties would not DC 1913, pu'
~ heroatr4ry far more imperative, We're the SoT th
o ,n6eospdeni people. ii the South has reas a 10
30 I'LL ipdependent Of our lODg-bOnoFe. :. Con-
.ai,nti6n. and OF our common court of our common
b,vs on account of past want Of iDvHriable ten,
deess on the part Of eech one Of o0r people toward
;Vs necessities how long could calculate 10 be
sbS 80 preserve ourselves from occurrences which
would be deemed to abrogate the obligations Of u
nero treaty OF peaoei A treaty Of peace with the
South 81 a foreign power, would be cowardly ar
nistice, cruel agryaiion and proiongaiion OF war
S1blugati0n 1 do not choose the word, but take
f. end uss IN the only sense IN which u can be
applicable Tbs is Republic, aud the Soatb must
come n4er the yoke Of freedom, not TO work Tor na
but 10 work with us, equal terms, as Tree Ieo-
pie. To work with us, Cor the security OF stale oi
soCie,y, the ruling pHrpose and tendency OF wnich,
spite OF ell its bendiugs heretofore, 10 tue pecesties
of Slavery spite of the ucongruons foreign dement's
which iS has rad cOuEtaR ly 10 absorb asd incorpo
raie; spite OF strong element OF exeesave back-
woods individualism, has beyond all question, been
favorable 20 sound aud safe progress III knoWieoee,
esyillLaiion, and Christianity. To this yoke the hoad
of the S0nth must now be lifted, or we must bend
our neeks to that OF Slavery, eOnsentng aud submit
ting, even than We baye been willing 10 DO
hereo ofofe, TO labor and ight a9d pay Tor tie dire
needs of small portion of our people living In an
exceptional state of society, in winch Cowpers
&soctn5 mutb not 10 iCdO GlOuQ without ire pre-
eautions agairst She hsening Of family serysnts in
which it may be treated ss crime against rhe pub
Dc safety TO teach one Of The labOling classes 70
~n o; IN which tic ngnos Of Nilberi0rcs anu BlN-
Ton are execratcd; within which the slaye-trRde is
perpetuated, and at the capital of whose rebellion,
bick seamen horn free, taken prisoners 10 merchant
slps, not in aTns even already sold Iut0 Slavery
With as htlle Hesitation as even in Barbary. One
sDsiesl or the other Is 10 thrive and extend, and
eventually pOrzesa and govern this whole Land.
The good effects Of the cotton monopoly, as set
forth by Southern orators and politicians, in the
opinion of Mr.. Oustod, are mainly based on illu-
sions, and the facts w4ch he adduces in support
of bis convictions are brought forward with i'm
pressive emphasis. The key to his rcasonings is
presented IN the following paragraphs:
Recently a banker, who is and always has been q
loyal Union man, said commenting upon certain ex-
perienees OF mine narrated III this book: "Iho South
cannot be poor. Why their last crop alone was
worth two hundred million. They muRt be Tch:" /
ergo, cay tue cOnspirntop adopting The same care
iess eoncluson, they must be powerful, and the
world must feel their power, and respect them and
their institutions.
NV own observation Of the real condition of the !
people Of our Slave Staes gave ne, the contrary,
an Impression that the cotton monopoly ia way
did them more harm than good; and although tte
written narration Of what saw wss not intended b.
se the forth upon reviewing u for The present pnb-
heatioD, ind the impression has become h ccuyic-
viction propose here, therefore, 10 show how the
main body of the observations Of the book arrange
themselves in my mind with reference 10 this quee-
ton and also 20 inquire how far tie conclusion to
which ] think they tend is sUbstentiA ed by iho
census returns Of thOse States
Coming directly from my farm in New.York 10
Eastern Yirg inia, wes saisfed, afer few weeks
obsrryaiiOn, that the most Of The PEOPLE lived yetv
poorly; that the proportion Of men improving their
condition war much less than in any Northern cou
munity and that the natural resources Of the lard
were strangely unused or were used with poor econ
Omy. It was "the hiring season," aud / had daily
Opportunities Of t-king with farmers, manufacture
era, nineIs and laborers, With whom the value Of
labor aud Of wages was t1en tie hsDdiest subject OF
conversation. soon perceived that labor was much
more readily classified and measured with reference
TO its qualify than 81 the North The limit OF mess-
uFe l fonnd TO be the ordinary days work Of a
prime feldbaud," aud prime feid-hand, L found
universally understood to mean, not 8 nan who
would spht two cords Of weed, or cradle two acres
OF grain IN day, but mGn Tor whom trader
wonli give thousand dollars, or more, to take on
South for sale 70 q cotton.plan:er. | do not mean
tina, tie alternative Of R sse TO trader WAS always
bad ia view in determining how q man should be
employed. To lie lust, this seldom appeared TO DO
,he ease6ut that, il estimating the market value Of
his bbOT, 10 was viewed, for the time, from the
traders point OF view or as II the question were,
What is he worth forooiton
coon asceTtsined that much larger DumHer Of
hands, at much larger aggregate wages we,, com.
monty reck6ned 70 be required % acconpbSn certain
resrls than would have been the clse 81 The North
Not all results, "a. certain results, Of Kind in which
IL happened that could most req ,ly make a con-
fdent comparison. have been In he habit of watch
ing men at work, and Of jud1 10 of their ir,dustry
their ski1 their spirit in shirt Of whatever goes TO
make Up their value to TIER EMPLOYERS, or TO the
Icnmunity instrarnS ATS Of production; and from
Cav to Day saw tsaS a. q landowner or as q citi-
gsn in 8 community largely eomposed or dependent
upon the plodnctYe industry Of working people Of
such habits ayI disposition as / consiSntly saw
ayinced IT. tbf,se of Virginia shond feel di,beart
ened, and ylyself lose courage, spirit, and industry
The close proximity of the better and cheaper labor
lssor seeking field OF lahor--which had left be-
hind me, added greatly TO my interest in the subject
and stimulated close inquiry, II seemed indeed |.
aute incredible that there really could 10 such a
want of better labor ia tis regioa "a at first sight
shere appeared TO be, when supply was 90 near q,
hand. [ compared notes with every Northern man
met WHO bad been living for some time In Virginia
and some found atie TO give quite exact state.
ments Of peTaOual experience, with which In the
cases they mentioned it could not be doubted that
iahorers costing, sn thirRs considered the same
ypQes had taken fOar times as long TO accomplish
r,rn tasks Of rude work in Virginia at the North
aud that in bouse service four servants accomplished
sess while they required vastly looking sfter,
THAN one st the North.
lef, Viraiuia having rsm1iued much longer than
Tat FIRST intended in trJ Ing to satisfy myself about
this Inalter-Qriie satisfied 70 the general fsc.
not 81 all satisfied with sry shoories Of demand and
supply which had been offered me, or which had oc
CURED 20 me, in tho way Of eG planation OF it.
Ny perrleXity was increased by certain apparent |
exceptions 10 the gensral rule; but they were, all
things considered, unnportsnt, and rather served
SO affordipg contratts the ground, TO satisfy me
Of the correctness Of my general conclusion.
subseq q1ol,ly returned, aud spent another month
IN Yircipia after yisitiog the Cotton States and
4 raj QaNn lar RI