New-York daily tribune., 1861-02-18
THE STATE OF EUROPE.
From Our Own Correspondent.

TURIN, Jan. 20, lsOi.
Tomorrow Italy elects her deputies for that
Parliament in which, for the first time, TWEEN
ty-two millions Of Italians meet by their rep
resentatiyes as members of the same political
body. Nobody can predict the result of these
elections in their detail; still it is more than
probable that the Government viii have majority.
But Garibald too, will be strongly represented;
30 much So that Count Cayour has made up his
mind to dissolve Parliament in case the opposl-
ton should prove numerous enough to embarras'
the Government The difference between the two
great men is rreconcilabe; Garibaldi, without
looking to the complications of European policy,
fully confident in the power and energies OF the ma
ton wishes to begin thewa against Austria for the
rescue of Venetia within few months; Cavour,
on the other hand putting his faith in the French
Alliance, makes q dead set against any war this
Spring, fully convinced that the speedier liberia
ton of venetia is not worth riskDg all the adTant-
ages 10 be achieved in war which might soon
embrace all Europe. II is said that he ia already
in possession Of Napoleon's assurance that the
French troops viii sOsn leave Rome, and that
the question Of the temporal power OF the
Pope Will be solved without delay by COM
promise leasing to Pho X. the so-called town Of
Leo-that is to say, the Vatican and Trans
Tiberine Rome-with tribute Of several millions
of dollars, while the Capitol and Quirinal, and
all the territory Of the Eternal City, viii fall
10 the share Of the Italian Kingdom. Such
result, obtained exclusively BY peaceful diplomatic
negotiation, would Of course strengthen the hands
Of Cavour and give confidence that Nenetia, too,
might be rescued al a smaller sacrifice than
bloody war by which the future Of Italy might be
ieOparded. Garibaldi himself Is not 40 obstinate
as 10 ignore such an important fact; he Ia not per
sonal enemy Of the statesman Of Turin and It seems
that he has agreed Ia wait few months longer ~
order TO grant fair trial 10 Cayour spollcy. Still
the hero Of Caprera is fully convinced that the unity
of Italy cannot be achieved without a great war
against the common enemy; that the diversity OF
customs and civilization throughout the peninsula,
with all the rival claims Of the different historical
towns and countries cannot be fused into one great
nationality unless desperate struggle, great sacri-
fees and common danger cement them into one
political body. lie believes that without an Aus
TRAN war Italy will remain n rope of sand, aud that
the much desired unity viii soon be dissolved By IN
teTnal conflicts.
Austria is well aware Of this critical positions she
war must sooner or later break out and, therefore,
she loses no time in cOncihatmg the IuDgarians.
Without abdicatDg she could not tolerate any longer
the revolutionary policy Cf the county meet
ings the election of the exilcs still under the
charge of high treason, the refusal OF the taxes, ana
the contempt of the courts of law. By an order ~
council of the 10Th inst, Francis Joseph condemns
all these proceedings ia severe terms; ut the
same time he publicly declares that in 1S49 he un-
willingly q introduced the rule of the sword, that
he never @ intended to abolish the Hun
garian Constitution, that he still desires the
peaceful development of constitutional institutions
beyond the diploma Of Oct 20, aud that he leaves
the confirmation alteration, or reject o OF the laws
Of lS4s TO the legolly-conyened Parliament. The
document is carefully drawn up, aud shows, for the
moment at least, strong and sincere desre OF con
citation. Baron Way, who penned 1t with the de-
sire Of inspiring confidence, j. now supported by
Mr.. Deak the leader of the Moderate party, and It
is to be expected that the counties will not precpi-
tate matters at the present moment, but leave the
solution of so many and such serious questions III
vOved in the reestabhshment Of the old Hungarian
Law 10 the competency OF the Hungarian Paria-
ment which is to meet az Buda on the % OF Ap1l.
The county of Posth, for instance, whose
example il commonly followed by al lho
counties of the Kingdom, adjourned the discussion
of those important orders in council al the IllD Ol
February in order to give lime to the agitated minds
for Judging without excitement whether policy OF
resistance Orofc0ncilaOn the more patriotic TIE
present time. II is evidently Dcak who controls
now the deGtinies Of Hungary, enjoying at the same
time the confidence of Baron Way and of The nation
lie is known to be saie well just, aud unle.s
an Italian movement iDtiaedb by Garbaldi, prcclPi'
tates the crisis, We may be certain that Francis
Joseph VIII be crowned in May or June; and, tak-
ing the oath upon the Constitution, ho may b!
restoring the liberties of Hungary get
new lease OF power To-days telegraph IN
forms US again, within the last fX years
ior the sixth time that general amnesty has been
granted 10 all the Hungarian emigranis, but We
are not yet informed Oithe exceptions and conditions
OftAat amnesty. ltmay be a really wise measure,
unconditional and general, in order 10 show lhAi
Austria is more liberal thnn Prussia, but 1t Is mcie
probable thn it IL once more one ri those proyohhs
lalfmeasurcs b, which Austrian state.incn have 80