New-York daily tribune., 1861-05-17

oae Jefferson Davis is not the fret trans9ressor
shat L,s wanted to be let clone. lIaughe'.l A",n
and Eve. whom thcy siaued, bous 1t 20 oe let iC,,
hiding thc'r. Ives in thc glr'c". Dut tou % "u 80 :;
sn found them ogt ard Jci. pavisf SIN ee Suie ~ w
viii fud hin out We must Gght there J. u" el'e,
Iatye. kel,liou must be crushed ana 'h,h We s''i'
become cl.le moro h.lpy ana HIleu P''i''
WAR TRIMS MADE UNDERSTANDABLE.
:, war .t war materials arc now engroseng public
a,mi,n 90 tc exclusion Of both politics aud business,
,,ue informs. ON relative TO terms occurring 80
Geeu,uhy in connection with these sg1joc'S, wil bc
;.cfesrine 10 those who sec them used without fully
understanding them. All tic ordnance for the United
States service is made at private founderies, and after
ward i c,,cd ard proved by officers Of The ordnance
detailed .or tat purpose. The lcunderies where most
cd oit canon ;ro made, are the iolowing The West
po..t Uidcry, near Cod Spring, y. Y; Fort Pit,
iri~ f.J.hUTb; Ifcdcgr, rear Richmond Va;
~ .i. l.I' Hosou md TIC AucS Fcuudcry, near
....c 3D. s. Iio la.t tWO fur.ush tlc br0Lzo can
i.o. l-dt.o o,aors she non. BY ;he term artillery,
Is I-,ai a., B.c-lrms &C large caiber together with
NE machines and nnp!o !oIaous u-od with them In the
United SIls service the artillery corps is ntrusted
with Tie use Of tie arms and munitions, ard the
oldazaco corps with their construction and prcserva
ton. The term ordnance is applied 10 the gun them
elves and IL or service the ordnance is divided into
guns, howiizcrs, ana mortars.
i Z, .tar is a snort cannon bell shaped and is used
principally for throwing shells filled with explosive
materials for crushing and destroying buildings in
sogos. TLey used in Europe four centuries ago.
bat tfc destructive powers have acquired such terrific
energy OH modern improvements that the lombard
Hcn oca city, shcng it, is perhaps the most holr-
bic fac 10 which can be subjected. The bursting Of
single she'll spreads havoc and death among all near
whom j, may explode. Ii was these terrible mssiyes
which wrought the complete destruction Of the quarters
in For, Sumter Col. AndeTsons extreme care Of his
men Oh that occasion alone saved them from DEATH by
keeping lookouts TO give warning of the approach Of
shot or she'll and requiring bis brave men 10 take shell
ter Within the bomb-proof portions Of the fort. Shells
We're Iained down upon Sevastorol in such awful
showers that te Russian commander wrote 10 the En-
reror that II was the " fire Of he'll itself" The shell is
supplied with a fuse, which takes fire when the mortar
is exploded, and reaches the powder within the shell
very often at The moment OF it, striking. Long prac-
tice has enabled guers 20 know exactly the length Of
fuse necessary to the distance which the shell to
traverse. Many moriars in our service will throw
shell Is inches in diameter. Shells were formerly
called bonls and hence Tie word bombmdment.
ALowitzer s gun with Il chamber in it, and Is used
generally TO throw shells and other hollow pIoecIes,
which ae. az wei by their explosion by their force
of percussion, setting fire TO towns, SHIPS and cther
quarter Of an enemy The Geld-howitzer il OF
a much lighter gun than the siege garrisonhowzer,
and Is used in light batteries. The mountainhowzer
is very light 12-pounder, and il ufed for service in
courtfesso rough not 10 admit the passage Of wheeled
vehicles. The howitzer and its carriage when taken
81 L. Iacir & -
when the roads are favorable may be used to draw the
common wo-wheeed carriage, with the mounted piece
The bowzer lighter and shorter, in proportion its
Iroecle than the ordinary cannoni the charges used
are smaller and tte accuracy of fire much less But
this compensated for by the greater execution Of the
she'll when it bursts. The system of she-guns
first brought into practical use by the French General,
Paixan, in 1922 soon after which it adopted by
the United States What is known among us as
columbiad is in reality modification Of the Paizan
gun. There are two sizes, carrying balls ana lO
inches III diameter either hollow solid. This gun,
therefore combines the essenal qualities OF the ordi-
nary cannon the bowzer and the mortar Ii discharges
shot or she'll with much greater precision than MORTAR
and is terribly destructive In casting coumbads, IT
has been found almost impossible to make them strong
enough TO Withstand the ~Oper number Of discharges
II is a remarkable fact that the length of time that
piece has been cast has much influence its power Of
endurance On trial of three 8-inch columbads, cast
in the same mold and at the same time ore Of them,
q few days after casting, bunt at the '2d round Oi
the other wo after lying six years burst after 800
rounds the other sustained . 5S2 fires without yielding.
Ii il considered that all iron guns after 200 rounds,
are no longer safe.
The ArI,trOng eun is riied cannon Of English ill.,
veIton, and il loaded at the breech. All accounts
suee in representing il az throwing balls farther, and
more accurately than any other gun. 1t thowsan expo-
sive bah flied with percussion powder which expodes
when the bah strikes, tearing 10 pieces everything
near L. TIE British have introduced it extensively
into the army. Ia their recent campaign IN China IT
proved to be terrific engine of DEATH Al 600 yards
a argot 10 larger than mans hat, has been struck At
almost every discharge, and at 1900 yards an object
nine feet square which barely be at that dis
tanco can be struck by every other shot. The largest
Armstrong guns yet made carry balls weighing 100
pounds. The number of guns made ast year was 80,
at an average cos; of 7J0 1t said the Charles
ton rebels had imported several Armstrong guns 10
make sure Of capturing 20 IN Fort Sumter, their
nineteen batteries not being enough without them.
There are very few such guns in tins country, perhaps
none.
Tie steaIn-frga;e Niagara il armed with 60 Dagren
guns weighing nearly five tuns each. Six Of them
carry l0-inci ball shel the remainder yneh, and
will throw them from two to three miles. This gun
was coniryed by Capt. Dahlgren of our lazy, after
multitude of trials to determine the best form 10 avoid
bursting AS all guns burst at very the breech
this is made OF extraordinary thickness at tiai part and
for some three feet of It's length when it apers down
sharply 10 the muzze. One Of these guns has been
made which weighs 10000 pounds, and will throw a