The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1861-09-22
rur pErsNcrs or WARRINGTON.

emnence called Arlington Heights and ON the left by the
Between those two resisting masses stretches low,
wooded broken country into which leads the only resu.
banks to Washineton-hat is to say,
large wooden bridge, twenty 1--WE hundred yards
long From Arlington to Alexandria the position Ior
fed by field works. redoubts redans batteries and abat
It's constructed with great deal Of care and armed with
siege pieces taken from the naval arsenas The upper
distance by large closed redoubt Finally tho outposts
well arranged and sufficiently supported are enabled to
have their outermost pckets ut Of three
at least from the lines proper All that Is generally wen
contryed and presents all the elements Of serious re-
sistance.
ARMY ORGANIZATION.
Cavalry 10 very scanty. As TO neld artinery.
there 10 scarcely any to be seen, when proves
that the losses in the battle Of Bull run
fantry, encamped in irregular, but sufficiently com
Portable manner In former letter spoke OF the vo.un
Ssr ana hssa ouS a:
fau IF the 'Oho appear TO te Strangers to ne dutsss
aiitary cleanliness and the keeping q as 70 me
ing completely in proper manner the mode q FURNISHING
cio'hinqftaTs and shoes
The irarct, of the soldier Is rey indifferent almost
nothing and do not believe they are actively occu
pied with IL. In general the appearance OF the camps
is sad, much to their sombre ard bad condi
ton OF the materials tho attitude OF the men,
Which is heavy, without animation and without checr-
fitness.
TIRE BATTLE GROUND. M
Between tho two armies stretches an nnoccuped and
to some extent, neutral zone, which separates them
This portion Of Virginia is drcary and monoonous the
land slightly unduating presents nothing as far as the
eye can reach but woods ntersperscd with cearngs and
afew country houses, the greater part Of which bear
traces Of recent devastation
THE SOUTHERN ARMY.
At Owe leagues from Alexandria the FIRST videtes OF tho
Southern army met with Farther on, Fairfax, an
advanced position, occupied by considerable forces.
Colone Stuart commands the camp Finally the BULK OF
the Southern forces posted at Manassas the approaches
to which are defended in very formidable manner.
AT FIRST sight an idea may DO formed OF the secession
soldiers The question OF UNIFORM, not Iuy
solved the North thought of at all at tho South
1t would seem that the attempts uniform have not got
beyond the distribution among some corps of kind OF
Jacket Of heavy gray cloth, manufactured in virginia
The clothes whether Of regular uniform fancy, all
In very bad condition; tho SOLDIER nevertheless, pre-
beneath his rags aspect sufficiently martial
and perfect order rei9ns IN The camp and at the posts
THE SOUTHERN CAVALRY.
What strikes most is the cavalry, which Is very
numerous, admirably mounted, and composed Of superb
is plain, AZ the first glance that those men are
the sons Of farmers and landowners that their horses are
their own and that they accustomed, If not to arms
| at least to IA rough country lile
Besides nothing more picturesque than these South
cavaliers. They the most impossible costumes
woully dilapidattd by threo months bivouac; hats
without crowns, boots without soes, with air and
heroic bearng that Don Cesar do Bazn would have en-
We'd. Aud since those ragged cavaliers have 0nc
energetic, Vrgnian faces their horses magnificent
which they manage with great daring, enc is filled with
admiration, just admire the fantastic figures OF the
warriors created by Salvador Rosa
THE SOUTHERN STAFF OFFICERS.
The sa1S OF the generals in Chief (Dcauregard ana
ounson are remarkabie. inc United states were not
the flower OF the Southern nobility Most OF them pos
sess enormous fortunes.
Disnterested in this civil war, stranger to the
hareds the passions and the interests which have iu
famed it, could feel otherwise than touched at the
sight Of some those white moustached of military
arlstocratic bearing and distinguished manners who
have left their families, their fresdes and high
social positions to serve as aids in the rudest
of wars, TO young generals, hitherto unknown.
THE SPIRIT OF BOTH ARMIES.
II ncOntes table that there much passion
ardo among the officers of the Southern than among these
Of the Northern army is insisted in the secession
common cause, shared by tho soldiers; that in the
South they through honor and conviction; that
among the fcderas the soldier knows no other auremcnt
than pay other impulse than that of want-the best
RECRUITING officer among The populations q the large cities
Certainly IL is going too far to gcncraizU fact which
may be true TO extent Individual bravery
tetatiy superior The Confederate camp; but the Union
ormy makes up for this disadvantage " more
adcdnced military organization and kovdge, at least
among the soldiers; that matters being almost equally
balanced It is difficult onongh to oresee towards which
side the fortune Of war will incline.
1t istrue the victory OF Bull run Of nature to excite
to the highest pitch the confidence and enthusiasm Of the
Southern men, but find 1t impossible to in the
suit OF that battle those solemn Judgments without
appeal which condemn side TO bow the head beneath
the irresistible asccndancy oil the victor These men,
after ALL nearly OF the Same race, or the same mixed
and despite the divergence Of opinions they have
common fund OF ideas, manners aud feelings which
does not permit line to be drawn through the thrtieth
degree OF latitude and to have said All that north OF
this line is inferior to all that is south Of IT,
TO estimate the event Of July Fl must leave wide
margin for the local incidents, the chance and uncxpect
cd encounters the fold Of battlo the unforeseen
which take hold Of the maginations of the masscs-al
secondary which operate the war by much
the the armies have less experience discipline
ANA knowledge.
GENERAL BEAUREGARD.
have told you OF the generals commanding the tn
army. The details which send you would be incom-
pete to speak also Of those who command tho
southern army-Gcnerals Beauregard and Johnston.
General Beauregard of French origin that Is say,
his family cmigraedfrom France to Canada about hun
dred and fifty years His father left the English
colony to become czcn OF the United States and sot
tied in Now Orleans He there changed his religion, alb
turing Professionalism and embracing Cathoicy which Is
IVES, Point Beaurssard was Lieutenant Colonel IN the
regular army when the broke out He had just been
appointed Superintendent Of the West Point Academy
The government Of his State, Louisiana, recalled him,
made him leave the federal army and President Jefferson
Davis Immediately conferred upon him tho rank Of Gene
raj and the command of the troops at Charles
ton. We know that that command gave him
the opportunity Of firing tho first cannon shot
s Fort sumter whc
achieved him an immense popularity When the seces-
sion army formed to march on Washington Beauregard
was invested with the grade Of General Of Division
Major General Bcauregard is forty years OF age He Is
small brown thin extremely vigorous, although his fea
tired expression and his hair has whitened
prematurey Face, physiognomy tongue, accent every
thing about him Is French. His bravery great and
dcniable, and everything denotes in him, If not supe
ror general intelligence, at least very remarkable mill
tary aptitude. lie is quick, little abrupt, and
although well educated and distinguished in his
manners, ne must sometimes OiIenu, less by
what he says than by his manner Of saying IL.
Perhaps he docs not with sufficient the mani
festations Of ardent personality which knows its
worth, and to which an immense military
may have given a legitimate seaf-conadence. Ho
is extremely imprisoned in the defence Of the cause
which he serves at least he takes less to conceal
his passion under calm and cold exterior than do most
Of his comrades Of either army. To up all, the
South has found in him man Of an uncommon ardor,
ceaseless activity and ndomitable power Of w-charac
teys by hich recognise the destined 10 battles and
TO lead pa,tise.
GENERAL JOHNSTON.
General Johnston, also pupil Of West Point s little
older than Beauregard and was Colonel In the regular
army ut the period Of secession. He served very bril-
antly in the Mexican campaign and enjoys in the United
States great reputation for capacity and proby An
extreme reserve, modesy less great Of
sadness to appear to paralyze in him the brilliant quail
ties which every recognizes In him but place him
the field of BATTLE and then the true warrior reappears
him as IL by enchantment
These are the two men who command the Southern
army. say 'swhc command" because in truth it is
pretty difficult to say which OF the two IL
in possession OF the veritable chief command
Both have the same grade and it appears that either
through right Of seniority in consequence Of special
commission Johnston u.s. in the camp at Manassas the