davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Raftsman's journal. [volume] (Clearfield, Pa.) 1854-1948, 1861-06-12

THE NUMBER OF LANGUAGEs.-The least
learned are aware that there are many lam
guages in the world, but the actual number is
probably beyond the dreams of ordinary peo-
pie. The geographer, Babi, enumerated eight
hundred and sixty, which are entitled to be
considered as distinct languages, and five
thousand which may be regarded as dialects.
Adelung, another modern writer this SUBJ
ject, reckons up three thousand sixty-four
languages and dialects existing, and which
have existed. Even after we have allowed
either of these as the number of languages we
must acknowledge the existence of almost in
finite minor diversities for almost every pro-
vince has tongue more or less peculiar, and
this may we'll be believed to be the case,
throughout the world at large. 1t is said there
are little islands, lying close together in the
South Sea, the inhabitants of which do not
understand each other. Of the eight hundred
and sixty distinct languages enumerated by
Babi, fifty three belong to Europe, one hun
dred ard fourteen to Africa, one hundred and
twenty three to Asia, tour hundred and seven
teen to Oceanica-by which term he distin-
guishes the vast number of Islands that stretch
between Hindoostan and South America.
Raftsman's journal. [volume] (Clearfield, Pa.) 1854-1948, 1861-06-12

Printing ink will probably be made contra
band of war. There is not mandatory of
this article south of Philadelphia. During
these troublous times the article is quito as
dangerous as gunpowder.
Raftsman's journal. [volume] (Clearfield, Pa.) 1854-1948, 1861-06-12

A Scottish student. supposed to be deficient
in Judgment, was asked by professor, in the
course of his examination, how he would dis
cover fool. ssBy the questions he would
ask" was the prompt and highly suggestive
reply.
Raftsman's journal. [volume] (Clearfield, Pa.) 1854-1948, 1861-06-12

An ambitious young lady was talking very
loud about her favorite authors, when a litera-
ry chap asked her if she liked Lamb With a
look of inetfable disgust, she answered her in
terlocutor that she cared very little about
what she ate compared with knowledge
Raftsman's journal. [volume] (Clearfield, Pa.) 1854-1948, 1861-06-12

A country couple, newly married, stopped
at hotel at Brighton, Eng, recently, and the
groom called for some wine. When asked
what kind he would have, he replied: ssWe
want that kind of wine where the cork pops
ont and the liquor boils up like soap. .suds.''
Raftsman's journal. [volume] (Clearfield, Pa.) 1854-1948, 1861-06-12

Gov. Porter, who has been absent for
over year in Texas, returned to his home in
Harrisburg, Pa, week before last.
Raftsman's journal. [volume] (Clearfield, Pa.) 1854-1948, 1861-06-12

Samuel W. Black, Governor of Nebraska,
is a true Union man, and is making it all right
for his successor.
Raftsman's journal. [volume] (Clearfield, Pa.) 1854-1948, 1861-06-12

BRAzL.-Rev. j. G. Fletcher recently de-
IiVered an exceedingly interesting lecture on
Brazil, before the New York Historical Soci-
ETY.. According to the Reverend gentleman,
this empire, Of which we know so little, is a
splendid affair, and bigger by 10000 square
miles than the whole United States and Ter
ritories. AS school boys all know, il comprs-
es the greatest river in the world-the Ami
zon-with its infnitude of tributary streams,
many OF them great water courses. 1t has a
rich soil, magnificent forests, elegant floral
productions, and splendid climate. 1t is a
land the production of whose surface might be
labeled drugs, medicines and dye stuffs, and
beneath whose surface are silver, gold and
precious stones. Brazil is composed of twen-
ty provinces. with twenty Independent legisla-
lures, the general government being station
ed at Rio Janeiro. The form of government
is constituti onal monarchy, almost democ-
racy The press is free, and almost as euter-
prising as that of Yankee land, with its phon-
ographic reports of interesting speeches and
lectures, parliamentary discussions, &C., with
the interpretations and funny remarks. The
right OF trial by jury is guaranteed, and the
freedom of religious worship, except that
Catholics alone, are allowed to have steeples
to their churches. The free negroes are
superior race to those of our country, the ef-
feet Of freedom having been to elevate them,
and many of them, are the best educated per-
sons In the country and hold high positions.
Their intellectual culture makes one forget
their color. Amalgamaton is rare; slavery
is in course of gradual extinction, and will in
few years cease to exist. An income of $50
per year constitutes the qualification to vote.
and the negro shares in the privilege like
any other citizen. England and France have
managed to build up great and powerful
commerce with the empire, while we have
been eqnalled even by efete Spain and Portu-
gal. The English manufacturers diStribute,
their goods gratis for year. and in that man
ner secure great market for their goods at
remunerating prices. A steam mail line,
however, is need to enable American merchants
to compete successfully with their Euro
pean rivals, who now reaping the great
benefits OF such facility. There are but very
few Americans in Brazil.
Raftsman's journal. [volume] (Clearfield, Pa.) 1854-1948, 1861-06-12

The circulation of the New York Herald
has been interdicted at Atlanta, Georgia.
Raftsman's journal. [volume] (Clearfield, Pa.) 1854-1948, 1861-06-12

To rob man of his money is to wound him
!; the chest.
Daily national Democrat., 1861-08-25

BOARD OF INSPECTION of VOLUNTEER Off
GERS I'm accordance with the order of Bri-
gadier General Sumner, a Board of Officers,
consisting of Majors Ringgod, Leonard and
Woods, and Surgeon Mccormick, held a ses.
sion on Thursday to examine into the fitness
Of officers designated for the California Vol
unteers. The Board remnined in session the
greater portion of the day, says the AHA
and ri.idly examined some ten or twelve
applicants, particularly as regarded THEN
loyalty to the Union. Their physical condi-
tlon and military knowledge, as also Their
moral character, undergo strict scruliny. But
two or three candidates qualifications remaio
TO be passed upon hy the Board. The favor.
able reports are eubmtted to CoL,ne Carrie
ton, and through that officer commissions ar,
issued 10y the Governor
Daily national Democrat., 1861-08-25

tie to the institutions Of the country. Inc
Iris IN N tmigratts and the Frenchinan re
ma. as vt home The one hates his country
the ether adores his The Frenchmau Is
Shareholder and a man--the lrshman Is
serf and An outcAst The south is naturally
agricultural. and the fnrn er being "oSi oI
ihr iinr IN the mids, Of his growing crops
seeing the oprn operation of nature ms
mid expands. he grows proud ana an''r-
tious f all around and feels himself in"h
lie wants no change, either in civil, poltlca,l
or religions affairs. He culuvates the eoll,
and it yields him the means to purchase la
Dor. lie becomes attached to home and i's
associations, and remains forever restrained
Democrat at-restraDed by moral and clvll law
FROM any and all overt acts. He needs ana
makes II centralized government, because ms
property is at stake when anarchy prevails
You will therefore seethat we labor not
only for the extension of 81 domestic slave
r, in 2, but that we seek 10 Pr"iee ana per
petunte it, The means for erecting 80 (ln'i-
ted monarchy are in 2. They only require
TO he used we'll. We require v"st nunl"er
Of officers-Sone thousand in all Now htip
us make 50 (a Govrrnment), and 90 you ana
send your son and let him take his place. Inc
work is large, and there are plenty of us to
do it. Ofcourse the shole scheme must be
managed ell As soon ms every thing isre
Auced to order, then we may canvass the
question Of Republic
Daily national Democrat., 1861-08-25

A CHANGE name of the Hydraulic
Prees has been changed to San Juan Press.
Daily national Democrat., 1861-08-25
PUBLIC SPEAKING.

DISTRICT FAIR-The nd eriis.ment of the
Society's Committee for proposals for renting
the privileges at the Pavilion and Cattle
Ground. will be found in another column.
The Marys,ille Band has, we learn, been en-
gagged to furnish the music for the Fair 70,
the sum of four hundred dollars The Band
are improving very rapidly, and we doubt
not will upon the occasion discourse most
eloquent music" We observe that workuen
are buey at the Pavilion renovating and
preparing the came for tie approaching ex-
hibition
Daily national Democrat., 1861-08-25

SOCIAL PARTY AT TMBucroo DIR. Mayor,
mine host of the Timbuctoo Hotel, gives a
cotillon party at his house next Thursday
evening. August Goth. The Dr. 10 noted 20:
getting up affairs of kind in proper style
He will issue no tickets for this putty. hut
invites a TO attend We understand he has
lensed his house TO some parties who take
possession on the lst prog and his j. prob
ally the last party he will give in the Tim
buctoo Hotel for some lime
Daily national Democrat., 1861-08-25

FATAL AccInENT. William a. Crane, OF
The ranching firm of Crane & Elliott, nine
miles from Stockton, on the Cherokee Lane,
whilst attempting to check his horses as
they were passing through gate with hay
wagon, recently, was brushed of and rack
on the head with the hay rack, so that he
fell renseless. He subs quently died.
Daily national Democrat., 1861-08-25
COUNTY NOMINATIONS.

For Sheriff,
J. 8. sLlNGERLAND.
For County Clerk
CHARLES L. THOMAS.
For Recorder,
JOHN COLLINS.
For District Attorney,
L. r. MERRILL.
For Tax Collector,
CALVIN McCLASKY.
For Assessor.
J. ". DOCGHERTY.
For Treasurer,
L. Il. CLARK.
For Surveyor,
H. A. WILLIAMS.
For Coroner,
Y. HAMILTON,
For Assembymen,
JH. IAssITFR, p. rURNIN, II. LOGAN
For Supervisor (Third Dstrict)
GEORGE MAY.
Daily national Democrat., 1861-08-25


BRIEF BIOGRAPHY or GENERAL LYoN,-Na-
thnniel Lyon was born in Connecticut in
1921 and entered the Military Academy Mt
West Point in 1887, where he graduated fonr
years If arwards with the rank of Cd Lieu
tenant of the 81 Infantry. In Fshrnarv.
ls47, he wns made 1st Lien enant. and tor
gallant conduct in the battle of C"n'rer"s,
and Cheruhusco during the August following
he was hrevc,ted Captain. On the 18TH OF
September was severely wounded IN the as
sault on the Rrlan Gate and in June. 1881,
was promoted to q cnptaincy. This rank he
held at the time Of tie troubles IN Kansas,
whittier he was sent during the Presidency
Of General Pierce Not altogether liking the
way in which things were managed there IN
political sense he threw up his commission
and retired to private life. He was in conf
mand of the Missouri Volunteers at the emp
tire of Camp jackson in Missouri, and for
his well proven bravery and eminent militia
ry ability was promoted 10 the rank of Big
adler General.
Daily national Democrat., 1861-08-25
J. r. GITCHELL,
OF Los Angelica.

For Justice of the supreme Court.
3. c. WHITMAN. N...,........... .Solano.
For Clerk Of the Supreme Court,
GEORGE 5. EVANS. ....... .Tuolumne.
For Attorney General,
GEORGE " BOWIE. ...... Sacramento.
For state Treasurer.
J. 7. LANDRUM....... Shasta
For State Comptrolirr,
JAMES T. HUFFMAN san Francisco
For surveyor General
J. J. GARDINER. san Francisco
For State Printer,
JOHN r. RIDGE. San Francisco
Daily national Democrat., 1861-08-25

A. FIRE PREvENTED-As the Chief Engin-
Ger Welsh was passing the Iowa House. yes
trday evening. lie discovered fire in the
rear of the premises which had caught by
The corelss use Of matches by children. A
few buckets of water cxlinguished the flame.
and a confagration was prevented
Daily national Democrat., 1861-08-25

BURNING OF CAMrnENE Factory At ~
o'clock. on ThursdayImorning. says the Alta
fire was discovered near the boiler on the
first floor of Charles Morrill's camphene FAC
tory, situated on the north side of Mission
street below Fremont. The Hall bell failed
to sound the general alarm with the usual
promPtitnde, and when the engines arrived
on 'Ae pot, the Luildipg vas doomed. There
was large amount of oil as well as cam
phone in the f'ctorv. which, OF course. being
lIntiammable, burned fercely. Very few of
the goods were gotten out, and the iron ma
Gninery seems TO be very greatly damaged
The total loss is estimate ed AZ $4,000 The
department were oil out. aud although the
nuilding was difficult of access, prevented the
AAnee from igniting others in The vicinity.
Daily national Democrat., 1861-08-25

Price OF CATTLE-One hundred and sew
enty head of American cattle were offered
for sale in Stockton on Thursday last. Cows
with calves sold not very rapidly. at from 81
to Sll per head, the calf being thrown in.
The cattle were Of the coarse limhed, long
horned, Arkanlas breed, but tame and DO
cile
Daily national Democrat., 1861-08-25

CoNvALEscGNG.-It was erroneously stated
in telegram to n Sacramento paper. day
or two since, that Patrick Downey, brother
Of the Governor, had died at the Warm
Springs Alameda county. AT last accounts
Ar Downey was slowly convalescing.
The DIFFERENCE BETWEEN two KEyruCK-
!ANs Voters read this
"lf Kentucky to morrow unfnrls the han
ner "t resiSl"nce unjustly. / meyer will fght
under that banner. | owes paramount al
i"glance to the whole Union-a subordinate
one to my State '-Henry clay. in T. s Sen
ate 1850
Il go with my State. As goes Kentucky,
80 80 VIII 60 and as sure Us we stand here,
hehturky viii lie out Of the Union in two
weeks"-John r. McCoaneH Secession cna-
didate for Geuermor. 1861.
The Plymouth weekly Democrat. (Plymouth, Ind.) 1860-1869, 1861-11-14

l have been authorized TO raise a Regiment TO
rendezvous at Goshen for the vice fthe United
States during the
appeal to you friends of the Union and our
common country TO aid me in the undertaking.
Mos: especially call upon the young men of this
district to remember how and by whom the liberties
of this great nation won and It's government
established; and invoke them 10y the memories of
he past to rally round her flag and the Flag OF
their Fathers in this the day of her tbulation and
distress. They should regard it glorious privi
lege:-it is high and solemn duty which true al
legiaDce will do well 20 heed.
Fifty years ago Kentucky at 1GppecaDoe saved
the infa mt Territory of Indiana from the mercile-s
tomahawk of the savage :and the bones OF her sons
now repOse upon that bloody field. Our State
since then has grown prosperous and great, and
Kentucky is nov invaded by an organized army
of rebels and parrcides. remor less and cruel as
their prototypes of the wilderness. She asks lndi-
ana to come her rescue-the debt is one OF hon
or and must be paid. The soil you tread was won
by her prowess and valor can you do less than
protect her 7 Let the answer be worthy Of your
lineage and of your country.
NORMAN EDDY.
n. B.-No compani, of volunteers will be re
ceised from the Tenth Congressional Dstr ct until
notice to that effect. N.EDDf.
Papers iG this district, please copy.
The Plymouth weekly Democrat. (Plymouth, Ind.) 1860-1869, 1861-11-14
How Bomb Shells arc Made.

The manufacture Of Bomb Shells is
very interesting The shell is first filled
with old fashioned round leaden bullets !;
melted sulphur is then poured in &c fll up
the in,erstices and bind the bullets togeth-
er in one solid mass: tho she'll is then
put into kind Of lathe, and cylindrical
hole of the exact size Of the orfce Of the
she'll. is bored through the bullets and sui
phur. This cavity is filled with powder
even with the interior edge Of the ori6ce.
a inch shell Of the kind here described
holding about half pound. The fuse fit
ted into the oriice is recent Belgian in
venlion made Of pewter, and resembles the
screw cap used for patent fruit cans. 40
examination Of this pewter cap shows,
however. that il is made OF two hollow
disces Of metal screwed together. and fll.
ed with meal powder. A number Of fine
holes are drilled in the lower disc, while
the outer disc is entire. and marked with
figures in circle, 1, 2, 8, 4. In this
state the shell is water proof. When ta-
ken for use, the gunner. by means Of
small steel instrument. scoops out por.
ton Of the QUITE. soft metal surface, and
lays bare the charge of composition pow
der below it. II tho shell is desired to
explode in one second after leaving the
gun. the scooplng is made on che figure
2. and so ou--the idea being that shells Of
this description shall frs, strike the oh.
ect aimed at and do execution az a bail
and then explode. sending the bullet. for
ward as il from another cannon. located
the point whore the flight of the shell s
arrested. Large shells of eight or ten
inches are filed with powder only. and
bursting do execution by the means Of
fuse Of meal powder. extending through
a brass plug screwed into the mouth Of
the shells. In both cases the fuse ia fred
by the ignition Of the charge in the gun.
The Plymouth weekly Democrat. (Plymouth, Ind.) 1860-1869, 1861-11-14
Connecticut Republicans Opposing
the Administration.

Resolutions. sustaining tine President
and the Government in the constitutional
stand taken agains. the mad schemes of the
Abolitionists for the conversion Of the war
into crusade against slavery. were Tues
day October Is. 1861 in effect voted
down by the Republican majority in the
Connecticut House Of Representatives.
after unsuccessful motions from the lead
ing Republicans Of that body to kill the
resolutions outright. by indefinitely post
poning them, they were finally tabled by a
vote Of ll3 to 70.
1t was a straight party vote. The Dem
ocrats voted No. the Republicans voted
Yes. Among the latter there were only
found four, out Of total Of nearly l60. to
vote for sustaining the Government, and
against Abolitionism.
1t is strange spectacle, says the Hart
ford Times, from which we take the
above. and one Of the many singular re-
suits developed by the existing s.ate Of
public affairs ir this country, the action Of
the President in sustaining the coustitu-
ton and the Union is sustained by the
Democrats, in opposition to the Republi
cans.
The Plymouth weekly Democrat. (Plymouth, Ind.) 1860-1869, 1861-11-14
2uetifal.
The Death of the Flowers.
by wM. C.. BRYANT.

BY wM. C. BRYANT.
The melancholy days have come, the saddest of
the year,
OF wailing winds, and naked woods, and meadows
brown and sere.
Heap'd in the hollows of the grove. the wither'd
leaves lie died;
They rustic in the eddyng gust, and to the rab
bits tread.
The robin and the wren are flown, and from the
shrub the jay,
And from the wood top calls the crow, through all
tie gloomy day.
Where the flowers, the fair young flowers. that
lately sprung and stood
In brighter light and softer airs beauteous sister
hood7
Alas they are all in their graves, the gentle
of flowers
Are lying in their lowIy beds. with the fair and
good of
The rain is falling where they lie; but the cold
November rain
Calls not. from out the gloomy earth, the lovely
one again.
The wild-fower and the violet, they perish'd long
ago,
And the wild and the orchis died amid the
summer glow:
But on the hill the golden rod, and the in the
wood,
And the yellow sun flower by the brock in autumn
beauty stood;
Till fell the frost from the clear, cold heaven, as
falls the plague on men,
And the brightness of their smile was gone from
upland, glade and glen.
And now. when comes the calm, mild day, ms still
such days will come,
To call the squirrel ard the bee from out their
winter home,
When the sound of doopcing nuts is hea rd. though
all the trees are still,
And twinkle in the smoky light the waters of the
rill.
The south wind searches for the flowers whose
fragrance late ne bore.
And sighs to find them in the wood and by the
stream no more.
And then think of one who in her youthful
beauty died,
The fair. meek blossom tha, grew up and faded by
my sde
In the cold, moist earth we laid her when the for
the leaf.
Aud We wept that one so lovely should have life
BRIEF
Yet not upmeet it was, that one, like that young
friend of ours.
So gentle and so geautiful should perish with the
flowers.
The Plymouth weekly Democrat. (Plymouth, Ind.) 1860-1869, 1861-11-14
A manIof rather fine physique. dressed

A man of rather fine physique. dressed
in the uniform of United States officer.
has been passing himself off in Louisville
and Cincinnati under the name of "Col.
George Washington-the only living rel
alive Of Genl. George Washington He
was arrested in the latter city for swiud.
ling a number Of persons.
Browuson. like Greeley. thinks that to
put down this rebellion. slavery mus, be
pu: down, or the rebellion can't be put
down. Brownson never had any common
sense. His present opinion is not unex.
pected. He must say something foolish :.
and had as well say this as anything else.
Louisville Dem. Ky.
A visitor here from Gen. Banks Divis.
ion. says that shortly after Sumner 6
speech ut Worcester to the sers OF
the Republican State Convention. a man
rode through the camps throwing out
copies of the Boston Journal containing
the speech. The soldiers did not approve
Of the sentiments. aud in fact, were very
much Disguised therea,. Boston Her.
aid
A Blind man named Thomas Bishop.
has been lately arrested at GAINESVILLE, o..
charged with marrying three women.
From the first he obtained over two huns
dred dollars in money, Jcwelry. clothing.
&o.. from the second, after four days hon
eymoon. her wardrobe. and from the las!
her clothing. valuables. DC II IS rumor-
ed that he has yet another wife some
whore.
The Plymouth weekly Democrat. (Plymouth, Ind.) 1860-1869, 1861-11-14
War Falsely COlOred.

On every side Of me see causes at
work. which go to spread most delu-
sive coloring over war, and to remove It's
shocking barbarities to the background of
our contemplatlons altogether. | see it in
the history which tells me of the superb
appeara nee of the troops, and the brillian-
cy Of tLeir successive charges. l see 1t in
the poetry which lends the magic Of its
numbers to the narrative Of blood, and
transports its many admirers. as by its
images. and it's figures. and its noddng
plumes Of chivalry, it throws its treacher-
ized slaughter.
| see it in the music which represents
the progress Of the battle; and where. after
being inspired by the trumpet notes Of
pre- Saration, the whole beauty and tender
ness of a drawing room are seen to bend
over the sentimental entertainment; nor
do / hear the utterance Of sin gle sigh
to interrupt the death tones of the thick
ening contest. and the means Of the woun
ded men. as they fade away upon the ear,
and sink into lifeless silence
All. all, goes to prove what strange and
half sighted creatures we are. Were il;
not so, war could never have been seen
in any other aspect than that Of unmingled
ha,efelness. | can look to nothing but TO
the progress OF Christian sentiment upon
earth to arrest the strong current OF the
popular and prevailing partiality for war.
Then only will an imperious sense Of duty
lay the check Of severe principle on all the
subordinate tests and faculties Of our ma
ture.
Then will glory be reduced to its right
estimate, and the wakeiul benevolence Of
the Gospel. chasing away every spell. will
be turned by the treachery Of no delusion
whatever from it's simple but sublime en-
terprisss for the good Of the species. Then
the reign Of truth and quietness will be
ushered into the world, and war, cruel.
atrocious. unrelenting war. will be strip.
ped Of its many and its bewildering fas-
cipations Chalmers
The Plymouth weekly Democrat. (Plymouth, Ind.) 1860-1869, 1861-11-14

had so long prayed to see. was there before
me-more beautiful, more womanly. and
more loving than before! never knew
the meaning Of happiness till that moment
came
Many years have passed since that hap
py night. and the hair that was dark and
glossy then, is fast turning gray. am
growing to be an old man. and can look
back to long aud happy. and we'll spent
life. And yet sweet as it has been. l would
not recall single day. for the love that
made my manhood so bright shines also
upon me in my white hairs. An old man!
Can this be SO? At heart am as young
as ever. And Mary, with her bright hair
parted smoothly from brow that has a
slight furrow upon it, is still the Mary oI
my early days. To me she can never
grow old. or change. The heart that held
her in infancy. and sheltered her piously
in the flush and beauty of womauhood
can never cast her out till life shall cease
to warm it. Nor even shen, for love still
lives in heaven.