davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Caledonian. [volume] (St. Johnsbury, Vt.) 1837-1867, 1861-10-18

AUTUMNAL TINTS.-No one can maintain,
after this years experience. that frost has
any special agency in the autumn coloration
of leaves. Scientific men have long under
stood the matter, and have explained the
ripening of the leaf as a simple process of
vegetable growth, though the coloration of
the leaves at maturity can no more be ac-
counted for than the red of the rose, the
blue of the violet, or the orange of the lily.
The color which leaves assume in the fall is
due to the same causes. But the popular
idea that the leaves are changed by the frost
is so firmly established in the minds of un-
scientific and unobservant people, that it is
difficult to dispel. This year the foliage has
assumed the most gorgeous coloring without
a sign of frost, and, indeed, seems to be
more brilliant on account of its non-appear-
ance. This is perfectly natural, as the leaves
have been able to gradually and freely as
sumo the colors which belong to their ripe
ness, uEobStructed by sudden cold.-Post.
The Caledonian. [volume] (St. Johnsbury, Vt.) 1837-1867, 1861-10-18
McClellan's War Horse. '.Handsome
Dam.

This celebrated stced, formerly owned by
II. {. CreveiinS Of st Louis. and presented
to Gen Mcclellan by several gentlemen Of
Cincinnati, is reported to be worth over one
Thousand dollars. He is a gcding, of a
beautifully dappled mahogany-bay color,
with three white feet and star, very heavy
flowing black main and tal-the latter a
regular spout He is sixteen hands high,
and weighs, in ordinary flesh, | 200 lbs. He
Vas sresi by Gen Jackson, dam of Sir Ar
chy and Messenger. He has fire, bonv,
intelligent head, delicately -tapcred ear, and
a proud, beautifully ly-arched neck, capital
shoulders, very long and muscular hams,
whose symmetry could not be improved were
they carved to order his chest is broad and
deep, his legs fine, fiat, and bony, with his
hooks and knees well down to his heels, and
his fetlocks almost to the ground, with a
round. wcll-ribbed barrel" of tremendous
length, and line and hips remarkable for
strength and beauty; indeed, his line points
and evenl y-balanced proportions make him,
in the fullest sense Of the term, a model
horse. not only fo1 symmetry, but for speed
and stoutness. AS iied-horse, he has no
superior, being very "topy" when in action,
with proud and nervous step, his head as
high as his riders when mounted, and his
throat-iatch and the tips of his fore feet al
most on perpendicular line when in repose.
lie possesses many singular characteristics
common to no other one of his species For
instance, he will not stamp his feet to shake
oft a fly if there were a thousand on him.
seeming to entertain a feeling of contempt
for all lesser animals and his confidence in,
and affection for, the human species is such
that he will not under any circumstances,
suffer his attention to be distracted from his
master by any minor object. To his own
species, he pays no attention, passing among
them without deigning them the slightes,
notice, even when turned loose in the same
yard or field. He will follow his master un
any flight Of stairs, or along any precipice
where he can get foothold, relying on bis
masters judgment for his safety; will stand
anywhere he is left without constraint and
is as brave as a lion, and as discreet as
Judge. May he bear his noble master on
to victory-conquering and to conquer-un
til this foul rebellion is crushed out, and
peace and union once more restored to oul
distracted country.
The Caledonian. [volume] (St. Johnsbury, Vt.) 1837-1867, 1861-10-18
Legislature of Vermont.
Condensed from Walton 5 Daily.

THURSDAY, Oct. 10, 1861.
Pursuant to the Constitution, the Senators
and Representatives met in their respective
halls in the State House, and entered upon
the duties Of the session.
SENATE.
At 10 o'clock, the Senators being all as
sembled, they were called TO order by His
Honor Levi Underwood, President of the
Senate. The roll was called and the Sena-
tors answered to their names as follows:
Addison-Fred f. Woodbridge, VergenneS,
J. W. Stewart, Midd.ebury.
Benninston-E. y. s. Morgan, Pownal, J.
G. Burton, Rupert.
Caledonia-A. +. Judevine, HarGwick, l..
y. Hall. Groton.
Chittenden-J. II. Woodward. Westford.
Elmer Beecher, Hinesburgh, George F. Ed
munds, Burlington.
Essex-T. G. Beatte, Maidstone.
Franklin-Cyrus Ho,chkiss, Georgia, S. H.
Stevens. Enosburgh, WV. White, ST Albans
Grand lsle-O. &. Wheeler, South Hero
Lamoille-Elisha Bentley, Cambridge
Orange-Iioratio Brock, Newbury. L. NJ
Cpham, Brooktield.
Orleans-N. =. Nelson. Irasbursh.
Rutland-M. C. Rice, Benson. John Jack
son, Brandon, ID. W. Tav!or. Shelburne.
Westinghouse. ". Willard, Montpelier.
Paul Dillingham;. Waterbury.
Windham-J {. Richardson Westminster,
Farley Starr, Nottingham, b. II. Harris.
Brattleboro
Wind>or-Thos S. Hubbard, Stockhridge,
+. {. Robbins. Ludlow. Thomas f. Powers.
Woodstock, Prosper Merrill.
The oath was presented by Senator Ed
MINDS Of Chi;tenden Co. to be used by the
Senators. and was adopted.
House.
The House was called 10 order by Beni ".
Dean. Secretary of State, and prayer was Of
tered By Rev Mr. NcGaf
The Secretary then called the roll of those
members who had presented their credentials
and the oath of Office was administered.
4. ?. Hunton Of Bethel was elected Speak
er on the first ballot. and Charles Cummings
of the Brat,leboro Phenix, Clerk.
In the afternoon the Senate chose Henry
Clark Of Poultney. Clerk, and VI. X. Tyler.
Assistant Clerk.
The Governor submitted his address on
Friday.
The Caledonian. [volume] (St. Johnsbury, Vt.) 1837-1867, 1861-10-18
EaledirtOry Address of Governor Fair.
banks.

The Honorable The General assembly
eth State Of Iirn,om
GENTLtMEN:-The extraordinary events Of
the present year, the critical condition of the
country, and the very responsible and diff
cult duties assigned to the executive under
the provisions of the acts of the late extra
session of the legislature furnish sutficien,
reason why should depart from the usual
custom in retiring from the executive office
and communicate briefly, in an address to the
general assembly, the transactions of the past
few months, and especially those pertaining
to the organization and equipment of troops
for the United States.
Immediately after the passage of the act OF
April 2e,h, providing for the appointment
of regimen,al and field officers" the Isl resi-
ment was detailed from the uniform militia,
for three months service under the reauisi-
tion of the president Of the United States
and on the second day of May mustered 4,
Rutland.
/ This regiment, under its accomplished COM
mander. Col Phelps, did important service a,
Newport News, and was honorably mustered
out of the United States at Bra,teboro Oh
the 18th of August.
On the .th of May orders were issued for
recruiting the second and third regiments of
volunteers, under the provisions of the act OF
April 26th, entitled "!An act to provide for
raising six special regiments"
These were filled with great despatch.
and mustered at Burlington and St Johns
bury early in June.
The second regiment, under Col Whiting.
left Burlington for Washington CITY, June
oath.
The third regiment was ordered forward
by the secretary of war July 18th, and left
St Johnsbury under the command of Colonel
how EriSadier General Smith, July 3ith
On the 9th of August commissions were
issued for raising the fourth and fifth resi-
ments of volunteers, which were filled nearly
or quite to the maximum number of 1916
men each, and mustered at Brattleboro and
St Albans, Sept. l2th-lith.
The fourth, under Col Stoughton, left
Bra,tleboro for Washington city, Sept. 2lst,
and the 9Th, under Col Smalley, left St Al
bans Sept. 23d.
These several regiments have been uniform
ed. equipped, furnished with army wagons
and horses, and armed with rifle muskets, at
the expense of the state.
On the 18th of September recruiting Off
GERS were appointed for raising the 9th regi-
ment of volunteers, which was filed with
The Caledonian. [volume] (St. Johnsbury, Vt.) 1837-1867, 1861-10-18

e A country youth who had returned
home from visit to the city, was asked by
his anxious dad if he had been guarded in his
conduct while there? oh, yes,' replied the
ingenious lad. 4 was guarded by two con-
stables most Of the time
The Caledonian. [volume] (St. Johnsbury, Vt.) 1837-1867, 1861-10-18

u y boy was asked, one day, what made
him SO dirty. and his reply was: They tell
me am made Of dust, and l s'pose it's just
working out
The Caledonian. [volume] (St. Johnsbury, Vt.) 1837-1867, 1861-10-18

that could be expected, and although she was
by no means designing person, it would
perhaps be going little too far to say that
not thought entered her mind prejudicial to
the future liberty of the old bachelor.
However, all things must come to an end,
as was exemplfed in the case of lunch and
fog. The time devoted to the former had in
deed been prolonged to an unusual length,
and the sun was again visible in the shape of
crimson ball, SO Mrs Cumley rose to depart,
and as she was putting on her gloves, re-
peated her grateful Acknowledgements of the
polite attention she had met with in her diff
Guilty.
"Will YOU allow my servant to get you a
cab 2"
"Oh no, thank you the distance is so
short, | can walk home very well. Good
morning, sir; assure you l shall never for
get your extreme kindness. Goodbye"
There was something in the sound of the
"Good-bye' that fell unpieasanflv on the
ear Of Mr. Hazlett. He was unwilling to bid
a final adieu to so charming person, and
with a reckless disregard Of probable conse-
qucnces he said boldly then and there,
"Will you permit me to have the honor of
calling to inquire how you get home? ?"
TO which she replied,
"Oh, YOU are very good" A dubious an
swer, that may be interpreted without any
great stretch of imagination, "Yes, YOU NAV
come
AS soon as she was gone, Mr. Hazlett sat
down to finish reading the newspaper, but he
did not find it nearly SO enlivenins as the
widows cheerful talk in fact he never felt
so lonely as he did during the remainder of
that eventful day.
The question put by his lively, entertain
ing gueSt,-"Then why not make change"
required more than once to his mind and
each time the mental response was,-"Shc is
quite right; there is no reason on earth why
not
The Caledonian. [volume] (St. Johnsbury, Vt.) 1837-1867, 1861-10-18

1t was about three months after the adven-
ture We have just related. when a handsome
carriage and pair, laden outside with travel
ling trunks, portmanteaus, and other emblems
OF travellers returning from journey, drove
to door in Togrinston Square
\ smirkins tootman instantly came out
and let down the steps Of the vehicle from
which a.ightet good-lookng middle-ased
gentle man, who, with smile and a nod
transferred his stick and railway wrapper
to TIE ohsequious lacky. while he assisted 4
lady in descending from the carriage.
See TO the luggage, James" he said then
drawing the arm of his tair companion through
his own. he conducted her through the hall
to the dlning-room, where blazing fire and
table lad out for a sumptuouS repaSt beto-
kencu tha, their arri, al was not unexpected
The gentleman looked radiant and happy.
and rs. with beamng eyes, he welcomed his
smiling bride to her new home. he said face
tiou>lv:
but after all, dear. YOU must allow that it
was |, not goH that was lost that day in the
tog."
The Caledonian. [volume] (St. Johnsbury, Vt.) 1837-1867, 1861-10-18

e Bullets can sing and whistle, but they
are not pleasant musicians.
The Caledonian. [volume] (St. Johnsbury, Vt.) 1837-1867, 1861-10-18

THURSDAY, Oct. 10, 1861.
Pursuant to the Constitution, the Senators
and Representatives met in their respective
halls in the State House, and entered upon
the duties Of the session.
Delaware gazette. [volume] (Delaware, Ohio) 1855-1886, 1861-12-27
ca Thrilling Prophecy.

In last FEBRUARY Alabama seeded That
brave man, Senator CLEMENS, who had until
then breasted all the storms of wild fauaticism
and elung to the flag of our Union, yielded to
the popular clamor, and unsheathed his sword
in a cause he hated, and one he knew could not
succeed. He wrote the following 10 a friend:
1--WE are OHt: we have bid adieu TO The Stars
and Stripes. and abandoned the high privilege
Of calling ourselves American citizens. ] an
not ashamed to confess that could not restrain
my tears when the old banner, which have
followed through 30 many dangers, was torn
down and the flag Of Alabama was raised in
its place. can not restrain them now when
am writing; but the decd is Jonc-a new era
has dawned, and all that can promise il that
no effort shall DC spared Ca any part to prevent
it from becoming an era OF Disgrace II we
are not involved in a war We soon win be-
There is no hope of peace; and he is but little
better than o madman who dreams of long cx-
cmptien from invasion. i shall meet it wlTen
it comes as soldier should and Sight thu ough
it as long as hope remains. When e7erythiug
is lost, as fear it may be, unless wiser counscls
should prevail than those which have hereto
fore directed us, | shall drag my body to the
nearest battle field and lay down life which
has lost its value"
How swiftly has this prediction been vcri-
fed Ere the echo Of his voice, pleading to tho
fanatics to stop" had died away, The cry run
out to arms! A State then prosperous is now
bankrupt and all the horrors Of war are upon
them.
Delaware gazette. [volume] (Delaware, Ohio) 1855-1886, 1861-12-27
News Brevities.

a. P. SToHE, Esq, Treasurer Of STATE, has
purchased the iorncT residence of Gov CHASE,
corner of State and Sixth streets, and is moM
occupying it. 1t is a commotlious ami comfort
able dwelling, and Mr. Stone has made good
Investment -
Tic rifles sent from indianapolis to the 18th
and 7th Infliana Regiments at Louisville, few
days since, to exchange for the percussion mus
llets now in their haudS, have been tcturnctl.-
General Buell. wUu!d not allow the change to
be made. lie conisiidS that the muskets is the
most effective arm.
A letter has reached the hands of Gcaeral
Mcclellan, confirming in full the statements
heretofore made concerning the prevalence of
the Union feeling in North Carolina, and the
readiness of the people to hail the Stals ami
Stripes once more.
New N-oRE, Dec II-Chas. Anderson and
family arriVtlt on the Columbia. lie is broth
er of Gen. Robert Anderson, auEl escaped from
the hands of the rebels at San Antonio, and
walked to Monterey, Mexico. lie was treated
with great kindness by the Mexicans lie sailed
on the British steamer Clyde TO IIavre.
A large number of Arkansas eXilcs have ar
rived at RollI and joined Col. Phelps rcgi-
nent of Missouri Volunteers. The Union scR-
timent in Arkansas is becoming very strong.
In more than three quarters of the regiments
native Americans are in the majority. The
Germans are il, the majority in only SIX. The
Irish in only five out of hundred. Neatly
two-thirdS of the army are Amcric ms Nine
tonths are citizens. The average age Of the
privates is over "a years. lhree-tonrths are
/ single men.
! Or. Moses I.owenhcgs stabbed Samuel IioH-
man to the heart with dirk, Thursday morn
ing, in New York. The parties occupied the
Same house and the alterations which resul-
ted in mnytlDr grew out of opening and shut
ting the ball door. Hoffman said II should he
/ kent shut, Lowcnherg open.
! Secretary Seward h,ls ordered the Washington
policc to discontinue sending ContHhtnds t.
| iail and to treat them As under military prOtec-
/ tion. An order cmnentlY nropcr.
Queen Victoria now reigns over 10000, 90,
of people. OF this number, British India hai
l35, 10000
A resident of Fishorville, Ct, received las
week a letter fIOm an unknown penitent, whS
made restitution Of twenty-five dollars which
wero enclosed. The penitent claims 10 hav'
acted on the spiritual injunction and restored
four-fold.
The withdrawal of BishopsPolk from the ser
vice Of the church, and ais acceptance OF a htgt
commission in the rebel army, is severely cen
sured by most of his peers in the hpscSpa
church. Bishop Clark Of Rhode Island, ia hl
} admirable address on the war, said The apps
tate Bishop of Louisiana sleeps IN lscaflot
tent"
Delaware gazette. [volume] (Delaware, Ohio) 1855-1886, 1861-12-27
Report on 1ron-7Iad Vessels.

BY order the Secretary of the Navy ap-
pointed on the 8th of August board of Off
GERS to investigate plans for the construction
Of iron clad ships. The officers Of the board
we're Commodores JOS SMITH and HIRAM
PAULDING, and Captain G. Ii. DAVIS. They
have handed in their report, in which they ex-
press the belief that iron-clad ships, though
fitted for harbor dcfcnccs and for special opera
ton on coasts, will not be successful as cruisers S.
They say:
"I'he enormas loan OF irod, adds so musli addi-
tional weight to the vessel, the great breadth
of the beam necessary to give crstability, the
short supply of ccal ehe will be able 10 stow
in her bunkcrs, the great power required to pro
pei her, and the large increase cost Of conS.ruc-
tion, are objections to this class of vessels as
cruisers, which we believe il is difficult TO over
come"
They do not believe any iron floating bat
cry can cope successfully with properly con
''struclcd fOrtifications: but say that armorcd
''ships or batteries may be employed adyan-
''tageously to puss Notifications on the land, for
"ulterior objects Of attack, TO run blockade, or
"to reduce temporary batteries on the shores Of
'rivcrs, and the approaches to our harbors.
In the questions between ships all iron and
those of wood iron clad they incline to the lat
ter. AS cruisers, iron and iron-clad ships will
be unsuccessful, they think, because, though
their attack on wooden vessel must be fatal
the wooden ship would keep out of the way.
In regard to the most effective shot they say:
" We know nothing superior to the large and
" heavy spherical shot. Riaed gus have great
" er range but the conical shot does not produce
" the crushing effect of spherical shot,"
1t was suggested, it seems, that our govern
mcnt should procure an iron clad vessel, to be
built III England; but thi5.is not believed to be
necessary 1t was therefore, determined to
seek for proposals among our own shiphuildcrs
The qualities demanded were light draugh and
invunefubility. The board received II pro
! posals, Of which The most remarkable is onc 10y
3ENJAMIx RATHBoRN, for u vessel go feet wild,
a feet deep, drawing % feet of water, ant
mesuring 5000 tons.
The board recommended three Of the spccii-
cations. These are by j. ERIcssoN, New York
who proposed battery, - feet long, AZ fee
broad, q = feet deep, 0 feet draugh, ,255 tor
measurement, to make speed Of Q mics per houl
to cost $275,0OO, and requiring one hundrcC
days to build. BY MER IcT & son, Philadel
phia, who propose wood and iron combined
220 feet long, 60 feet beam, % feet deep, l.
leot 4raught, 1926 ions, and 9iS knots speed
She will require nine months to buiId, and cos
S780,0O0 Lastly the proposal of Bushnell
& Co, New IIaven,is for vessel irou-clad, Of
the rail and plate principle, and to obtain hisI
speed. She is to be $50 feet long, 1873 fec
beam, 10 feet draueht, to go IL knots an hour
che will require four months to build and vii
cost $685. $50
Delaware gazette. [volume] (Delaware, Ohio) 1855-1886, 1861-12-27
The Ups and Downs of Life.
BY A RESIDENT OF c1xc1xxAr1.

BY RESIDENT OF CINCINNATI.
IT is useful as well as interesting to notice
the changes for better OF worse which len
or fifteen yeais serve to operate in a cOmmu-
nifty.
know a man on Main street who was re-
fused credit in 1850 for a stove worth Sl2-
He is now a director in one Of our banks, and
is worth STJ0.000 al least. Every cest of
| this has been made in Cincinnati during that
period.
l know another business man, also on Main
street, who was refused credit in 1850, by a
firm in the drug line, for the amount of So
In 1883 that very firm lent that man $50
upon his endorsed notes.
! lknew an extensive dealer in this city, worth
100000, WHO can command more money on
short notice for 60, 80 or I2O days than alrasst
any man in Cincinnati, TO whom 1, as clerk for
u grocery house here in 1850, sold hogshead
of sugar with great misgiying and reluctance,
under some apprehension OF not getting the
money when il became due.
l know a man whose credit in 1910 was such
that when trusted him for keg of saltpetrc,
my employer told me l might us well have
rolled it into the Ohio. He was worth, in g.
81, 100000; again bankrupt in 1860, ard
now worth $4,000.
l know a man good for $4,000, who, ten
years ago, exhibited monkey through the
streets of Cincinnati for living.
| l know a heavy business man, bank direc-
tor, who sold apples in basket, when boy,
through The streets.
/ knew one OF the first merchants in our
| city in l845, who could, at that time, have
bought entire blocks orshe city on credit, a
director in one of our banks, who within 10
years of that period, died incorporate and in
! solvent.
Another individual, who was considered in
1887 worth half a million of dollars, has since
died, leaving his estate insolvent.
Another individual, OF credit equal to all his
wants, and worth at one time, $4,000, and
the judge Of our court, died in our hospital
and was buried at the public expense. ] have
seen him once and again presiding at public
meetings.
The founder of the penitentiary system in
Pennsylvania, and extensively known us pub
lie man, died pauper in the commercial hos
pitnl in this city. L saw him addressing the
Legislature at Harrisburg, and and listened to
him with the attention and Difference that would
have been paid 10 Daniel Webster, or any 9th
or public man of the age.
know lady-thc descendant Of distin-
guished Governor of Massachusetts sup
ports eiself by the needle, and the niece cf q
Governor of New Jersey, sill alive, who wash
es for living.
know lady who, thirty years ago, in tho
vicinity I'm which I then lived was The cvnoS
ure OF all eyes-une of the most beautiful anC
graceful of her sex, and moving in the first
circles of wealth and fashion--now engaged il
drNdgery and dependence at one dollar ant
fifty cents per week. All these reside in Gin
cinnati.
What arc the fluctuations of romance wr
tiers compared to some of tue realities of hu
man life?
Delaware gazette. [volume] (Delaware, Ohio) 1855-1886, 1861-12-27

Tie Country Gentleman says that James
Beatty and Sons, successful farmers in Cayu-
ga coui ty, New York, adopted the following
rotation.
Thsir fe'ds successively lie in meadow two
years; il a'lure the third; the fourth, corn is
plin cd on the sod, the manure having been
applied the IRE, 'us autumn, and the sod
low,d just lief re planting. Corn is fol-
lowed the fifth ar by barley, which Is see
dcd to clever by rolling, This clover is pas
tu,cd with sheep. the pasfdre thus oblaiqed'
Icing equal to the expense Of seeding 6atil
the following summer, when it is convertsl
to summer allow for wheat. The dToppings
Of the sheep and the crop of clover furnish ar
cXcellant preparation for this grain, which is
harvested the sixth year. it is followed by a
grow tn of timothy and clover, which conEii-
tu'cs meadows tWo years. aud pasture One
year, as already mentioned. 81
Underdmining and this rotation have moro
thi n dunb!c the crops in the aggregate du-
ring the last ten years.