The daily exchange. [volume] (Baltimore, Md.) 1858-1861, 1861-05-16

gle, have been one continued series of usurpa-
tons, and whose chief minister still has the hardi-
hood 10 pirate of constitutional remedies"
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In our issue OF yesterday We endeavored 10
show that both the business Of the Baltimore and
Ohio Railroad and the benefits derived from it by
our city and State, would be materially lessened
by the separation Of Maryland from Virginia and
the slave States. If, on the contrary, she should
determine to enter into the Southern Con(eaer-
acy, there would be an immediate increase in the
revenue OF this great thoroughfare and in the
trade OF Baltimore city. The first effect Of the
union of Maryland with the South would be the
establishment Of regular lines of direct commnni
cation with Europe. The capacity of the Brewer
ton channel would he rapidly enlarged. so that
vessels of the larger size drawing twenty-five feet
water, could easily reach our docks. Shirs bring
ing goods from Great Britain, the Northern ports
of the Continent. and tie Mediterranean. would
require return cargoes, and would, at all times.
gladly freight at the same rates as were paid at
New York. But by reference to the Annual Re
port of the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad for 1860
Appendix No. l, it will be found to he Stated
that ''the extensive capacity preferred by this
road, and the comparatively low rates of freight
''to and from The Southwest, cfer superior attrac-
"tions for direct trade between Baltimore and
Europe" and also that
1.-The disposition of the South Southwest and West is
to Baltimore as the entepot, and the Baltimore
Ohio Railroad the main route for European commerce
The policy of this company is such confirm this ten
dency by making it matter of clear economy and int
rest What are the obvious inducements presented? On
cotton, provisions cereals, tobacco, and all heavy pro-
ducts the rates OF transportation to Baltimore -
per less than the rates to New York On the
description Of goods imported from Europe, the
freight from Baltimore vary according to classification
from 81 to S. per ton less than from New York"
1t is thus manifest that Baltimore merchants
could afford TO pay more recommending rates TO
steamships than could be paid at New York and
still offer greater inducements TO the trade of the
Southwest than are now offered by that CITY,
But this is not the only advantage possessed by
Baltimore over other cities for the establishment
of more intimate and frequent communication
with foreign ports. The fact that the bituminous
coal Of Allegheny, which has proved the most
desirable for steamship use, can be laid in here at
cost of at least 81 per ton less than at New
York. is Of most important consequence. This
is large element in the expense of steam trans
portation, and its comparative cheapness at this
port makes large difference in favor of BaIti
more lines. The great necessity for the means
of direct intercourse between European ports and
the terminus of so important an avenue Of trade
as the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad, the peculiar
advantages offered here for the encouragement of
this enterprise, and the tact that the capital and
position of Baltimore city would make her indie
pendent of the competition of any other port in
the Southern Conftderacy, render it next to i'm
possible that this scheme, which has already been
urged as essential to promote The commerce and
prosperity of our city, should not promptly be car
ried out, so soon as Maryland became one of the
Confederate States. The establishment of Euro
pean lines would at once lead to the increase Of
coastwse communications, and the effect upon
the trade and revenue of TIE Baltimore and Ohio
Railroad would be immediate aud striking The
-four, grain, lard, butter and bark, which are now
taken as through freight to New York, and at
minimum rates in order to compete success
fully with the rival Northern routes. would
all be required for return caygoes for YES
sells unloading at this port. The pro
visions would be required for our own
/
our harbor, or for the Navy of the Confederate
States. The lard OIL which is used principally
for machinery, would all be needed here for our
own steamers, and for the increased machinery
which would be necessary for the development Of
and lumber would both be largely increased The
former is even now becoming a large item in
Eastward bound freight; and the transportation
oil this staple alone would probably have been
more than quadrupled during the past year, had
there been any opportunity to make shipments TO
Europe on advantageous terms A decided in
crease would also have been made in the lumber
trade, had there been any additional facilities for
shipping heavy timber and other qualities to
European ports or coastwise. The additional de-
mand for the products of our soil, CONSEQUENT
upon the prosperity of Baltimore city, would ne
ceSsarly tend to extended cultivation Of the lands
along the route of the railroad, and thus add con-
siderahly to the miscellaneous local trade
The large demand for coal required by the ex-
tension Of our manufactures, and by the steamers
entering at our harbor and by the Southern Navy,
would tend rather to increase than to decrease this
item OF freight In every instance, in fact, the
business of the road would be largely improved
with the exception, perhaps of the Transportation
of live stock. This, however is by no means the
most profitable source of revenue, the cars used
for this purpose being obliged to return EMMY
A small portion of the cattle would lie necessary
however, for home consumption; and with the
natural growth of population consequent upon the
prosperity of the city, additional supplies woud
be required until this branch of the business wonId
regain its former proportions, and possibly sur
pass them.
But this is not all. The trade of this road yonld
no longer be confined to its present limits. A
branch from the Parkersbnrg road would be made
to connect at the Northeast corner Of Kentucky.
on the Ohio river From thence it would be con-
tinued TO the roads leading to Lexington, and
from Lexington, Westwardly, to a point On the
Ohio opposite Cairo, and Southwardly to Nash
vle' in Tennessee. Not only would a great line
of road thus be completed, putting Baltimore in
communication with Mobile New Orleans. Mem
pills. and all intermediate points; but a route
would be opened nearer to tide water, on
the Atlantic coast, and, necessarily, more
favorable for foreign and coastvisa obi,