Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1861-12-03

demanded by the public exigencies. Much oil
the national loan has been taken by citizens o.
the industrial classes, whose confidence In
their country's faith, and zeal for their coun
try deliverance from present peril, have in
duced them to contribute to the support of thu
government the whole of their limited acqsi
sitions. This fact imposes peculiar obligation.
to economy in disbursement and energy in
action.
The revenue from ell sontces, including loans
Tor the financial year ending on the 3oth June
1851, was eig hty-six million eight hundred and
thirty-hve thousand nine hundred dollars and
twenty-seven cents, and the expenditures for the
same period, including payments on account Of
the public debt, were eighty four million Ave
hundred and seventy-eight thousand eight hun
dred and thirty four dollars and forty-seven cents
leaving balance in the treasury, on the list July
OF two million two hundred and ffty-seven thou
sand sixty-fve dollars ana eighty cents. For the
frst quarter Ct the financial year, ending on thS
30th September, 1881, the receipts fom ell sor0es
including the balance Of list Of July, were oae
hundred and two million Eve hundred and thirty.
two thousand ave hundred and nine dollars and
twentyseven cents, and the expenses ninety Eight
million two hundred and thlrty.nine thousand
seven hundred and thifty-three dollars and nine
1861, Of four million two hundred and ninety two
thousand seven hundred and seventy-six dollars
and eighteen cents.
Estimates for the remaining three quarters of
but ye<, suQ fOr the financial year 1903, tOgetQef
with bis views Of ways and means for meeting
the demands contemplated by them, will be SUBJ
United to Congress by the Secretary of the Treas
ury. 1t Is gratifying to know that the expendi-
lures made necessary by the rebellion are not be
yond the resources Of the loyal people, and to
believe that the same patriotism which has thus
far sustained the government will continue to
sustain IL till Peace and Union shall again bless
the land.
] respectfully refer to the report Of the Seere-
tary Of War for information respecting the MI.
merical strength Of the army, and for recofnmen-
dst9n. having In view an increase Of its sfcispey
service Entrusted to his care IL lie gratifying TO
know that the patriotism Of the people has proved
equal to the occasion, and that the number of
troops rendered greatly exceeds the force which
Congress authorized me to call into the field
refer with pleasure to those portions Of his
report which make alluson to the creditable de-
gree Of discipline already attained by our troops,
and to the excellent sanitary condition Of the en-
tire army.
The recommendation Of the Secretary for an
organization Of the militia upon uniform basis,
Is subject Of vital importance to the future safety
OF the country, and Is commended to the serious
attention of Congress.
The large addition to the regular army in
connection with the detection that has 90 con-
siderably diminished the number Of its officers,
gives peculiar importance to his recommendation
for Increasing the corps Of cadets to the greatest
capacity Of the Military Academy.
By mere omission, | presume, Congress has
failed to provide chsplains for hospitals occupied
by volunteers. This subject was brought to nv
notice, and was induced to draw up the form
Of letter, one copy Of which, properly addressed
has been delivered to each of the persons, and at
the dates respectively named and stated, in a
schedule, containing also the form of the letter,
marked A, and herewith transmitted
These gentlemen, ] understand, entered upon
the duties designated, at the times respectively
stated in the schedule, and have labored faith
fully therein ever since. therefore recommend
that they be compensated at the same rate as
chaplalns in the army. / further suggest that
general provision be made for chaplains to serve
at hospitals, az we'll &c with regiments
The report Of the Secretary Of the Navy pre-
sents In detail the operations Of that branch Of
the service, the activity and energy which have
characterized Its administration, and the results
Such have been the additions, by construction
and purchase, that Il may almost be said navy
has been created and brought into service since
our difficulties comm enced.
Besides bloekading our extensive coast, squad
rons larger than ever before assembled under our
flag have been put ahoat and performed deeds
which have increased our naval renown.
would invite special attention to the recon-
ganization OF the navy by introducing additional
grades In the service,
The present organization is defective and un-
tatsfactcry, and the suggestions submitted by the
department will, 1t is believed, II adopted obvi-
ate the difficulties alluded to, promote harmony
and increase the efficiency Of the navy.
There ere three vacancies on the bench of the
Supreme Court-two by the deceass Of Justices
Daniel and Mclean, and one by the resignation
OF Justice Campbell. / have SO far forborne ma
king nominations to I'LL these vacancies for rea-
sons W hich | will now state Two Of the outgo-
Ing judges resided within the States now oyerrun
by revolt so that IL SUCCESSORS were appoint in
the same localities, they could not now sefve bon
their circuits; and many Of the most competent
men there, probably would not take the personal
hazard Of accepting to serve, even here upon the
bench. have been unwilling to throw all the
appointments noIthwa d, thus disabling myself
from doing justice to the South on the return Of
peace although may remark that to transfer to
the North one which has heretofore been In the
South, would not, with reference to territory or
population, be unjust
Dnring the long and brilliant judicial career of
Judge Mclean his circuit grew into an empire
altogether too large for any Judge to give the
courts therein more than a nominal attendance
rising In population from one million four hum
dred and seventy thousand and eighteen, In 1890,
to six million one hundred and hfy-one thousand
four hundred and five, in 1850.
Besides this, the country generally has out
grown our present judicial system. IL unformi-
ty was at all intended, the system requires that
all the States shall be accommodated with circuit
courts, attended by supreme judges, while, in
fact, Wisconsin, Minnesota Iowa, Kansas Flor
ida, Texas, California and Oregon, never had
any such courts Nor can this well be remedied
without a change Of the system; because the
adding Of judges to the Supreme Court enough
for the accommodation Of all parts Of the country
with circuit courts, would create court alto
gether too numerous for judicial body Of any
sort And the evil, II II be one, will increase as
new States come into the Union. Circuit courts
are useful, or they are not useful II useful, no
State should be denied them; IL not useful no
State should have them. Let them be provided
for all, or abolished as to all.
Three notifications occur to me, either Of
which, think, would be an improvement upon
our present system. Let the Sup reme Court be
Of convenient number In every event Then,
first, let the whole country be divided into cir
cults Of convenient size, the supreme Judges TO
serve in a number Of them corresponding to their
own number, and independent judges be provid-
ed for all the rest Or, secondly, let the supreme
judges be relieved from circuit duties, and cir
cult judges provided for all the circuits. Or,
thirdly, dispense with circuit courts altogether,
leaving the judicial functions wholly to the dis
trict courts and an independent Supreme Court
respectfully recommend to the consideration
of Congress the present condition Of the statute
laws, with the hope that Congress will be able TO
find an easy remedy for many Of the inconveni-
ences and evils which constantly embarrass those
engaged In the practical administration Of them
Since the organization Of the government, Con-
gress has enected lsome Ave thousand acts and
joint resolutions, which I'LL more than six thous-
and closely printed pages, and are scattered
H.. 49,