The daily exchange. [volume] (Baltimore, Md.) 1858-1861, 1861-06-22
ENGLAND,S POLICY

ENGLAND'S POLICY.
The London Times, in commenting upon the post
ponement of the motion of Mr.. Gregory, NJ. P, in
regard to the recognition of the Southern Confed
eracy, says:
| We certainly could hardly have expected tha
Mr.. Gregory, the gallant defender of those Sou h
| ern communities which, cut off from Europe, have
| no regular champions on this side the Atlantic,
| would have postponed his motion indefinitely at
the bidding of legislative prudence; yet when the
prospect OF an argument on the merits of the two
not-headed tederations OF America was near the
| House with one accord deprecated Debate whether
inspired by Southern hospitality or Northern con-
nectiOns
After some remarks upon the position assumed
by England, it proceeds:
but the denial of an audience to Mr. Gregory is
perhaps, the most significant point of ali The
House OF Commons has felt that the ITnitod StotoS
| Government would rather there should be no dis
cuSsiOn on the contest between themse and tho
| Southerners. The Government of the United
| States takes its stand on document to which all
living Americans to be bound, because n tenth
part of their number agreed to it seventy-ve years
| ago. To enter into legal or constitutional disaui-
stions would in this only endanger the theory
! according to which the United States still claim
| the allegiance of the Southern States. This claim
is almost identical with those which Kings, Car
! dinas, sovereign communities have advanced as
| often as rebellion has broken out against them.
That the SOutherners have right to assume
| any powers but those which their fOrefahers re-
! served to their respective Staes-in other words,
that authority and tradition and positive law de.
termine the status of a people instead of the ctual
| desires of the ma ajority-s the doctrine of the
| North and though we conceive il to be the most
wholesome, and in fact, necessary to the existence
OF any large State, yet is is certain that it has
| never obtained in the Amer lean Union, and that
the late President, Mr.. Buchanan did not fail to
repudiate it, and to acknowledge that it within
the power of each State to secede by the exercise
| OF what he called a revolutionary right
In fact as is almost always the case when war
| breaks ont, there is no question to argue. The
| Confederate States exist BY breach of the Con-
| stitutiOn which was not provided for because it
was held to be impossible. Wien the impover-
ished, miSgoverned, ard almost ruined original
States combined to form single nationality, there
can be no doubt that they had afterthought,
and that, though they batted on the terms of en-
trance into the Union, yet when once there tn ey
considered themselves fused into one nation. All
the elaborate argument of President Davis fails to
show that the Constitution provided the means of
its own destruction, and that, while proclaiming
that it was the supreme law of the land it organ
lied machinery for setting its painest dictates at
defiance.
view, the origin of the Confederate States does
not appear very consistent with the laws of any
morality, political or other. But the other
hand, there is the logic Of facts. Secession has
been complete; Government has been organ nized
at Montgomery, to which less than eleven
States Of the American Union pay implicit Obedi-
ence. AS general rule, the most successful revo-
lutions IN Europe must pass through a phase of
anarchy. There was anarchy in Sicily and Naples
when Garibadi invaded them, and even in 1S48 it
may be said that the fight of Louis Philippe was
followed BY period of violence which might have
justified the former rulers in reasSerting their
power if possible
But far different is the case of the seeded States
There the State Governments are everything; and
when South Carolina and Louisiana broke Oft from
the North, they carried every element of political
life with them. With the exception of military
force, they had every attribute and every right of
independent communities. Their President (Davis)
boasts, with some reason, that the course of regu
lar administration is not altered, and that the pre-
tence of the Northerners to lind rebellion in
States well ordered and content, shows their igno-
rance of the South, and the tyranny with which
they would bend it to their wishes
Both these parties ready to avenge
any advantage which their adversaries may gain
from European interference. The North is the
more powerful of the two; it is nearer to us, and
speaks louder than the secessioniss, and conse-
quently consider it moCe than its opponent when
the question Of neutrality is concerned. But it
does not follow that the anger of the Confederates
might not also be of much Inconvenience, if not
danger to England. They are not likely to threat
US, or to assault us without threat; they have
20 Minister to withdraw, and navy to get into
conflicts with our own. But a people 11ho control
the great rHeat crop 'rhich feeds three or four mil
lions of Engishmen, must dl,1nys be Of some import
IN the eyes of an Assembly like the House of
Commons; and not merely to avoid present trouble,
but to dcprecate future hatred, the representatives
of the British nation wisely refused to discuss the
merits of the incenSed and implacable combatants.
TFrorp the Correspondence ofe Springfield Republican,
BALLS, SHELLS AND BOMBS-HOW THEY
ARE MADE.
Troy, n Y, Nav S.-The Watervet Arsenal,
situated at West Troy is, you doubtless know, the
largest arsenal for the construction and fabrication
of military implements, other than small arms and
cannon, in the country, and visit to the work
shops at the present tine powerfully impresses one
wifi he q
Everything at present is foating, and from
three to four hundred hands directly, and as many
more indirectly, in the neighboring fOundries,
kept busy night and day. Through the thieving of
Floyd, and the recent acquisitions of the govern
ment, the arsenal has been nearly stripped of mus
kets, pistols and cannon, but of other munitions
there is yet ample store. A large number of
hands engaged in the preparation of ammuni-
tion; six thousand ball cartridges made daily;
most of these intended for the MIME rifle, but
large numbers of the oldtashioned round ball cart
ridges also manufactured.
The rapidty with which cartridge is made is
wonderful. boy sits at a counter with a cylin-
drica stick-a pile of CREASED balls and of pre-
pared paper before him-a simple roll Of paper and
stick-a jerk and a twist at one end-a twist of
string, and the cartridge is ready for filling in less
time than it takes to read this description. They
are then taken in another room, placed open end
up in shallow boxes, and a man, by means of a
simple instrument, fills them with an equal and
specific amount of powder, at the rate of thirty a
minute. A twist at the open end and the cartridge
is complete. The manufacture goes on so fast that
it requires nearly a dozen men and boys to pack,
box and remove the finished cartridges. In anoth-
er apartment number of men and girls
ployed in the manufacture of cannon cartridges of
all sizes, from the mightiest columbad down to the
six-pounder. The material of which they are made
is a kind of wooden goods (moreen) imported from
England especially for the purpose. Thousands of
yards OF this material were IN the process of being
cut up and manufactured. Cannon cartridges
not filled here, but at the place where they in
tended to be used. In still another department,
grape, canister and strapped ammunition are in
course of preparation, while huge cart loads OF
bomb shells and spherical shot are hourly arriving
from the neighboring foundries. The grape shot
are larger than | supposed, and might more prop
erly be called peach shot than grape shot. Some
six or more of these are packed in asOrt of wire
corkscrew Arrangement, and fitted in tin case,
and when thus finished have much the appearance
of Jars OF preserved meats or fruits.
The manufacture of bomb shells is also matter
of much interest. The preparation of those wit
messed briefly follows The shell is first filled
up with old-tashoned round leaden bullets; melted
sulphur is then poured in to fill up the nterstces
and bind the bullets in solid mass; the shell is
then put into kind of a lathe, and a cylindrical
hole of the size of the ori6ce of the shell is
bored through the bullets and the sulphur; this
cavity is filled with powder even with the interior
edre of the orifce, a siXinch shell OF the kind here
described holding about halfa pound. The fuse
fitted into the orifce is recent Belgium invention
made of pewter, and resembles the screw cap used
for the patent fruit cans. An examination of this
pewter cap shows, however, that it is made OF two
hollow dies 0f metal screwed together, and filled
with meal powder; a number of fine holes are
drilled in the lower Disc while the outer disc is
tire and marked with figures in circle, !, 2 s. 4.
In this state the she'll is water and weatheT-prOOf.
When taken for use, the gunner, by means OF a
small steel instrument; scoops out portion OF the
Outer soft metal surface, and lays bare the charge
of composition powder below it. If the she'll IS de-
sired to explode in one second after leaving the
gun the scooping is made. the figure ONE ii II
two seconds, the figure two, and so on the ldeS
being that the shells of this description shall first
strike the object aimed at aud do execution as a
ball and then explode, sending the bullets forward
as if from another cannon located at the point
where the flight of the shell is arrested. Large
she'll of eight or ten inches filled with powder
only and bursting do execution by means OF their
FRAGMENTS. These large shells are generally fired
by means of a fuse of meal powder, extending
through brass plug, screwed into the mouth OF
the shell; in both the fuse is fired by the lg-
ntion of the charge in the gun.
hor of a recent work entitled Die Cara
rle IN etzzeit has calculated the proportion of the
losses sustained by armies during the campaigns of
NAPOLEON when smooth bored muskets were used,
and during the last Italian war, when rleo oarrels
were employed. ,, r
At Austerliiz the French loss was IL men ont of
80 hundred that of the Russians was 30; that
of tba Austrians A. nearly One-half.
At Wapram the French lost 13 out Of every hun
dred; the Austrlans Ii. - -
A. Rautzen the French l3; the Russians H.
At Waterloo the French SO; the A lies 81.
At Magenta, June a, 1859, the French Z; the
Austrians Z. Ca;: So. A..
Austrisns 8. =, u,
II is somewhat remarkable in the last example.
that the army which was best provided with rihed
fhan pna yuhi uaS