Daily Ohio statesman. [volume] (Columbus, Ohio) 1855-1870, 1861-06-14

his dealings by villianous tariff. II one oI
jects that the South must have been a party /
J this, because her boast ia, that her statesnpe
have ruled the Governments ofjthe country, 70
ere told that the South yielded out Of pure goo
nature; NOW, however, she Will have free trade
and VIII open the coaeting trade to foreign ma
tions1and shut out from itthe hated Yenke ees
who 80 long monopobzed and made their fortune
by L.. Under all the varied burdens and miser
les to which she was subjected, the South bel,
fast to her sheet anchor South Carolina wa
the mooring ground Ia which IL found the sures
hold, The doctrine Of State Rights was he
salvation, and the fercer the storm ragged seain.
Iher--the more stoutly, demagogy, immigran
preponderance, and the blasts Of universal snf.
irage bore down onher, threateDingl to- eRe ee,
| away the vested interests of the South i'm heI
right 10 govern the States-the greater was hel
confidence and the more resolutely she held or
her cable. The North attracted 'hordes of To-
norant Germans and Irish" and the scum OF
Europe, while the South repelled them. Tne
Industry, the capital ofthe North increased viii
enormous rspidity, under the Influence Of cheap
labor and manufacturing ingenuity aud enter
Prise, Ia the villages which swelled into. towns,
aud the IowDs which became cities, under the
| unenvious eye of the South. She, ON
the contfsry, tolled on slowly, clearing for
/
grounds and rice fields for the employment {
of her only industry, and for the develo Cd meptof
her Only capital-''involuntar labor" The
dde Of immigration tWaxed stronger, aud by
degrees she cav the districts into which she
claimed the rightto introduce that capital clos.
ed against her, and occupied by free labor.
The doctrine Of equatter 'sovereignty," and
the force of hostile tariffs, which oiaced
heavy duty on the very articles which the South
most required, completed the measure of iIiu-
ries to which she was subjected, and the spirit
of discomfort found vent In fiery debate, In Der.
sonal insults, and in acrimon onous speaking and
writing, which increased in intensity in propor-
ton to the Abolition movement, and the con.
test bet-een the Federal principle and State
Rights, became more vehement. am desirous
|of1thowlDg In q few words, for the information
of Eogish readers, how il Is the Confederacy
which Europe know simply es political entity
has succeeded in dividing itself The Slave
States held the doctrine, or say they did, that
each State was independent as France or as
Eng and. but that Tor certain purposes they
chose common agent to deal with foreign ma.
tione, and TO impose taxes for the purpose Of
paying the expenses of the agency. We, it sp
pears, talked Of American citEt rs when there
were no such beings at all. Tbere were. in
deed, citizens Of the sovereign State of South
Carolina, or Of Georgia or OF Florida, who per.
mit!ed themselves to pass under that designa-
tion, but Il was merely a matter Of personal
convenience. II will be difficult for Europsans
TO understand this doctrine, as nothing like It
has been heard before. and no such C0nfedera
ton OF sovereign States ever existed Ia any
country In the world. The Northern men deny
that it existed here, and claim for the Federal
Government powers not com patible with such
assumptions. They have lived for the Union,
they served Ii, they labored for and made mon.
ey by It. AYman asa New York man was
nothing-as an American. citizen be was u
great deal. A South Caroinian objected 10
lose his identity in any description which iu--
ouded him and a"YsDkee..clockm maker 10 the
same CATEGORY. The Union was against hiu,
he remembered that he came from race Of
English gentlemen who had been pereeeuted by
the Tepresentatives--tor, he will not call them
the anoestors-of the Puritans Of New Eup.
land, and he thought that they were animated
by the same hostility 10 himself He was proud
Of old names, and he felt pleasure In tracing
his connection with old families In the old cou1
try. His plantations we're held by old char
ters, or had been 10 the hands of bis fathers for
several generations, and he delig ghted to remem
Der that, when the Stuarts we're banished from
their throne and their country, the Burgesses
tering Charles King OF their State, and bad Of |
fersd him an asylum and Kingdom The
philosophical bistorian may exercise bis ineenu
icy 10 coIjecturing what would have been the
result, il the fugitive had carried his fortunes
70 Charleston ,3H c1w Stcni Fl s.l.1t. ef |
South Carolina contains "a 600 equare miles, |
and population Of 720 0U0 inhabitapts. Of
whom 365 QUO are black slaves In che old re-. |
belion, it was distracted between revolutionary
principles aud the loyellst predictions, ard az
least one-half Uf the planters were faithful 70
George LII. gnor did they yield till Washington
sent an army to support their anita agonists, and
drove them from the colony l'- |
10 my next letter shall give brief account
Of a visit TO some Of the planters, as far as it
can be made consistent with the obligations
which the rites and rights Of hospitality impose
on the guest as we'll as upon the host. These
gentlemen are well.bred. courteous and hospi-
table. A genuine aristocraoy, they have time
70 cultivate their minds, to apply themselves TO
politics and the guidance of public affairs. They
travel and read, love Geld sports, racing, shoot
ing, bunting, and fishing, are bold horseme en-
and good shots Bat, after all, their State is
modern Sparta arstocracy resting on belot.
~, and with nothing else to rest upon. Although
they profess (and believe, indeed, sincerely TO
hold opinions In opposition to the opening of the
slave trade, It is nevertheless true that the
,lause in the Constitution Of the Confederate
States, which prohibited the importation of ne
yroes, was especially and ene'getically resisted
BY them, because, as they say, It seemed to be
IN admission that slavery was In itself an evil
and wrong Their whole system rests on slave.
~, and as such they defend it, They entertain
very exaggerated ideas of the military strength
of their little community, although one may do
Full justice to its military spirit. Out of their
whole population they cannot reckon more than
30 600 adult men by any arithmetic, and as
here are nearly 30 600 plantations which must
10, according TO law, superintended by white
men, considerable number of these adults can
lot be spared from the State for service In the
,pen field. The planters boast that tney. can
aise their crops without any Inconvenience by
he labor Of their negroes, and they seem conf
lent that the negroes will work without superin.
endence. But the experiment is rather danger.
us, and 1t will only bstried in the last extremity.
ID bgs ,soin,ysJrl Cairo.aQ at 81 ssDi n
The Importance of this strip of land, at the
JUNCTION Of the Ohio and MISSISSIPPI Rivers,
orruiDg the Southern terminus of the State of