davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Plymouth weekly Democrat. (Plymouth, Ind.) 1860-1869, 1861-08-15
Shrubbcrv,
ORNAMENTAL TREES
FLOWERS, &c,

Too tedious to mention l furnish the best quality
of trees, at reasonable rates Every variety will
be found true t. name.
Being familiar with nearly all the la'e and ap-
proved varieties of fruit. the best mode ofoulture,
&c., will give all the desired information respect
ing the management of trees, and will, when re-
quested, select for purchasers the best varieties,
with as much care as would were | selecting for
myself Care will be taken to have the trees fill
the agreeneI in every respect | publish this
notice to give all who may be wanting trees. an
opportunity to leave their orders with me, for |
shall not be able to call but a small portion of
the citizens of Marshall county. For further par
ticulars call on the subscriber
ii. FIERCE, Plymouth. Ind
June 20tlI, lS6l-2ltf.
The Plymouth weekly Democrat. (Plymouth, Ind.) 1860-1869, 1861-08-15
RELIGIOUS NOTICE.

THE Rev. l.. P TscHFELY will preach at the
St Thomas Church. in this place, on next Sun
day, at the usual hours
The Plymouth weekly Democrat. (Plymouth, Ind.) 1860-1869, 1861-08-15

CIRCUIT Court is in session, and business is pro-
crossing rapidly under the efficient supervision of
Judge OSBORNE. The Grand Jury will probably
have enough to do this term, if they follow ont
the instructions of the judge. to snake solemn and
dlgent inquiry" into the numerous peccadlloes
committed in this part of the country.
The Plymouth weekly Democrat. (Plymouth, Ind.) 1860-1869, 1861-08-15

II. B. Dickson. of the firm OF Dick<on & Co.,
is at New York buying large stock of Hard
ware.
The Plymouth weekly Democrat. (Plymouth, Ind.) 1860-1869, 1861-08-15

LAST week We failed to call attention to the ad-
vertisement of "Dr. J. Bovee Dod's Imperial
Wine Bitters,' in another column. The DR.. is of
the opinion that his bitters will cure in all cases
where tonic is required-says they do not taste
bad, con the contrary, quite the REVERSE and
produce all the exbileratns effects of intoxicating
mixtures, minus the "drunk'' and the headache
next morning.
The Plymouth weekly Democrat. (Plymouth, Ind.) 1860-1869, 1861-08-15

Those who did net secede from the military
meeting held at the Court House, on Saturday
last (and they comprised three-fourths of the en-
tire number, elected Daniel Casey, Captain; NJ.
A. kidwell, lst Lieutenant; and James F.. Hougl-
ton, 81 Lieut.. They have over fifty names on
their Ii ST. and have no doubt but they will be able
20 fill mp their company to the required standard in
a short time. when they will be attached to Col.
Miller's regiment.
Capt. Casey has served as lst Lieutenant.
IN regularly organized company several years,
and is fully comnetent to fill his present honorable
position. He intends resigning, however, there
we're quite a number belonging to the company
who were not present last Saturday and he desires
that all should have a voice in the election of Off
GERS.
The Plymouth weekly Democrat. (Plymouth, Ind.) 1860-1869, 1861-08-15


ONE GRAND RUSH
OHIO CASH STORE!
LOO pieces Calico, from to III cent, per
yard wide for IL cents, at the
OHIO CASH STORE.
6O7 pieces Brown Sheeting. from 6 To Ia cts.
at the OHIO CASH STORE.
3OS pieces Denims, best for 1917 cents, at
the OHIO CASH STORE
80 pieces Stripes, best for 1917 cents. at
the OHIO CASH STORE.
80 pieces Ticking, from ~ to 20 cents, at the
OHIO CASH STORE.
lOI pieces Jeans from 1919 TO 10 cents. at
the OHIO CASH STORE.
Largest lot of
CLOTHS Ind CiSSINERES,
Attic OHIO CASH STORE.
Three Thousand Pair of
BOOTS & SHOES,
Womens Enamelcd Shoes for - cents at rhe
OHIO CASH STORE.
. hawIs,
Brocha, Stella and silk, at the
OHIO CASH STORE.
500 Silk MantilIas, Capes Il Duslers
At The OHIO CASH STORE.
Ladies, for the incest Dress Goods of all STYLES
go to the OHIO CASH STORE.
One Thousand yards Black, Brocade and
FANCY SILKS.
Cheaper than the cheapest, at the
OHIO CASH STORE.
301 pieces Chalh, from l2l, to - cents, at the
OHIO CASH STORE.
500 patterns Lawns and Beragcs, newest STYLES,
l,the OHIO CASH STORE.
For the cheapest White Goods, go TO the
OHIO CASH STORE
Forth cheapest and newest styles of Travelling
Dress Goods, go to the OHIO CASH STORE.
For the h,apest Hats. go to the
OHIO CASH STORE.
For the cheapest Gloves and Afts. 20 to the
OHIO CASH STORE.
For the cheapest Hosiery. 90 to the
OHIO CASH STORE.
For the cheapest Queensware. go 20 the
OHIO CASH STORE.
For the cheapest goods Of all kinds, 60 10 the
OHIO CASH STORE.
1HG biggest PILE Of G09DSfD2 81
20 to the OHIO CASH STORE.
5000 yards of Carpet. from a5 cents to 81 pcr
lard, at the OHIO CASH STORE.
Farmers. Farmers Wives, Farmers Bows and
iris, go to the OHIO CASH STORE.
The best Rio Coffee at 5 cents. at the
OHIO CASH STORE.
10 MS. good N Sugar for 81, at the
OHIO CASH STORE.
'CW q TONS
Coffee and Crushed Sugars,
At Wholesale or Retail,
Which will be sold very cheap. at the
OHIO CASH STORE.
MORAL.
These Goods were purchased in New York snd
when Goods were at the Lowest
'rices and have no hesitation in saying and saw
ny boldly, that they are from Is to p per cent.
heaper than ever before offered in this market,
or
9 a = III
ID. MCWIILIAMS.
Imay9-5:C
The Plymouth weekly Democrat. (Plymouth, Ind.) 1860-1869, 1861-08-15
MASONIC NOTICE.

THE regular communication of Plymouth Lodge
No. l49, r. & A. NJ, will be held at their Lodge
Hall or next Friday evening, August 10TH
Important business will come before the
Lodge.
NJ H RICE. M,
NJ 40 PlcYaRp, Sec'v.
The Plymouth weekly Democrat. (Plymouth, Ind.) 1860-1869, 1861-08-15

See advertisement.
The Plymouth weekly Democrat. (Plymouth, Ind.) 1860-1869, 1861-08-15
M. III. RICE, w NJ.

NJ 4. O. PAcE.np, Sec'y.
The Tipton advertiser. [volume] (Tipton, Cedar Co., Iowa) 1856-1962, 1861-10-31
An Incident in Tennessee.

In a speech at Columbus, Ohio, few
days siucc, Andrew johnson Of Teuues-
see, after narrating one instance whore
the rebels had seized ard scourgcd wo-
man with hickory withes for raising a
Union flag, continued thus:
"This, my friends, is secession, and
these are the men you are to compromise
with. Some of these same demons, five
of them, fends in human shape, stepped
at the house Of a man named Markham,
who, seeing them approach, and fearing
insult and outrage to himself if he re-
NAMED, and thinking that they would
not be so likely to provoke quarrel with
his family if he were not present, took
his rifle from its resting place, and re
tired unobserved by them into little
thicket hard by the house, in order to be
at hand in case they offered any abuse to
his family. He had an amiable wife aud
two daughters, the youngest girl Of
about twelve years, and the other just
blossoming into womanhood, about six
teen, as beautiful as the morning, and as
pure as the dewdrop. The rebels erter.
ed, aud insolently demanded dinner for
themselves and feed for their horses. -
The Tipton advertiser. [volume] (Tipton, Cedar Co., Iowa) 1856-1962, 1861-10-31
Silent Influences.

Every one exerts an influence over
those around him. 1t is of two kinds,
direct and indirect or silent. The one is
the result of effort the other, an invisi-
BILE power exerted, as the rose sheds forth
perfume or miasma exhales corruption.
This universal power admits of anoth
cr division, viz into good and bad and
these arc they that scatter the seeds of
good and evil. Leaving the wider field
of human action, let US look upon the re-
suits of this silent agent as it is shed
forth in the school room. Two classes
meet there, teachers and scholars and
both work by influence. The first inAu.
ence extended and felt is that of un-
studied example. When either teacher
or scholar moves in the path of duty and
works in the same with checrfuncss he
has an inward sustaining consciousness
that he is endeavoring to do right; but
more, he is shedding forth an influence
silent yet potent as the sunbeam that
opens the bud. This silent influence ex.
crtcd by scholar upon scholar cannot long
remain unnoticed. That little girl that,
at the proper time, quietly takes her
place in the schoolroom, and seldom if
ever breaks a rule of the school, what
restraining influence she exerts upon the
more reckless and lawless around her
Two or three like her, | had almost said,
are sufficient to govern school. The
influence of one scholar in the opposite
direction is equally as marked. Though
there be no direct plans laid for concert
of action, though no word be spoken to
encourage others to leave the path of du-
ty, yet the work will be done, the evil of
such an example will show itself like the
slow but sure developement Of conta-
gion.
The teachers duty then is manifest.
Sometimes a scholar from one school pays
visit to one in his vicinity, and, claim
ing the privilege of visitor, holds himself
exempt from rule, and irdulgos in whis-
pering much to the annoyance OF the
teacher. l have known the effects of
such an evil unchecked to last long after
the day of the visit had passed. A teach
er wrongs himself and his school wher
he permits such conduct from pupil Wis
itors, R.p.p.
The Tipton advertiser. [volume] (Tipton, Cedar Co., Iowa) 1856-1962, 1861-10-31
Cedar County.

kirkwood received 1913 votes in Ce
dar county, S.muels 5l3, and Merritt on
ly 1914. The majority Of Kirkwood over
Merritt is 919. Large as is that MAORI
ty, "high Henry has sized the pile aud
given 93l majority for Kirkwood, being
the largest majority given by any county
in tho State fol. opr our worthy Govern
or's continuance in Office another term
Dav. Ga..
The Tipton advertiser. [volume] (Tipton, Cedar Co., Iowa) 1856-1962, 1861-10-31
THE COUNTY sUPERINTENDENT.

THE COUNTY SUPERINTENDENT.
Perhaps, at this particular time, it
might not be amiss to introduce into the
educational column hint or two in re-
gard to the Office of Co. Superintendent.
1t should not so much concern the CON-
munity of teachers to what political par
ty the County Superintendent may be-
long, but it is more especially to their
interest that he be the right man 10 the
right place.
And first, We say, the County Superin-
tendent should be practical teacher
himself. That he should have practical
knowledge of the teachers profession is
a matter beyond controversy. lie might
have a considerable knowledge of the
theory Of teaching without the practice.
If he have only the theory he is in SIM
liar condition to that musician who has a
knowledge of music but has neither the
voice to sing nor the skill to play.
Secondly: He should be man capable
in all respects Of conducting an cxamina-
tion himself. If he is incapable of dis
charging this important duty then cer-
tanly somebody must do it for him. II
others do it for him is he not mere tool
of others? He should in like manner be
capable of judging whether or not per.
son is competent to teach common
school, and to such persons as in his
Judgment are, to issue certificates to that
iutent. If he is not competent to Judge
and to issue certificates accordingly he
shows himself to be unqualified for the
duties of his office; and again those im.
portau: duties devolve upon others who
may act in the premises to suit them
selves.
Thirdly: IF possible he should be a
man who will not, in the least, be biased
by political prejudice. Indeed such a
man ought not be hit upon at present,
| but a man who would suffer himself tc
be moved by political preferences, coule
not act with justice in the discharge o
his official duties. If political assem-
were necessary to the qualification Of ,
teacher then 1T different timcs the teach
crs would ryary all be of one politlta
party or another, which would be delete.
r;ous to the cause of education, as well
as absurd. We do not say that teach.
er's politics has ever been heretofore
made test of his qualifications, neither
do We say that such thing is impossi-
bic.
Fourthly: The Superintendent should
be man whose heart and mind are given
10 the work in which he is engaged
Can lie be fit guardian over the educa.
tion of the children of the country un'
less he is actuated by something more
than the cash he receives on filling the
necessary functions Of that Office?
The Tipton advertiser. [volume] (Tipton, Cedar Co., Iowa) 1856-1962, 1861-10-31
the scene is beautiful beyond description.
The country around us abounds in wild
fruit. Peaches are gone, but apples are

the scene is beautiful beyond description.
The country around us abounds in wild
fruit. Peaches are gone, but apples are
plenty, while papaws, persimmous and
grapes can be had for the picking. There
is . species of wild grape here that is
scarcely inferior to the Isabella or Cataw-
ba. There is very little grain raised here,
but cornfelds stretch away as far as the
eye can reach. Still, Missouri is fifty
years behind the age in farming. l have
not seen reaper in the State, and but
two tbreshiug machines, and they were
both chaffers. Their harrows are sencr-
ally three square, with wooden teeth.
have not seen a center draft or clipper
plow in the State. The majority of the
plows used are the Oh fashioned pattern,
with wooden mould6oards, generally call
ed bull plows. The prairie breaking plow
is Of the same pattern, with beam Is to
II feet long, requiring from s to 10 yoke
of cattle to draw it. 1t is useless to talk
to them, for they will tell you that the
nigger will do as much work with poor
plow as he wuuld with one of the best
Two acres Of prairie day is here thought
to be big work. How l would like to
break here one season with one of Tcrry's
plows, aud convince them that there was
difference, not only in the quality but
in the quantity of work done. Every
thing in the eating line is very dear here
green apple pies, that have never seen
either sugar or shortening, arc 20 cents
apiece. Butter, strong enough to carry
double, IS cents a pound Chickens 10
cents apiece. Cabbage, 20 cents q head
Squashes, as big as tin cup, from 10 to
Is cents apiece. Corn pancakes, with
butter on them, are selling at 20 cents a
cake. Onions, ? for 5 cents saw a
loaf of bread to day that was baked of
shorts or middliugs sell for - cents; it
weighed just Is ounces-evcrything else
in proportion. We have plenty to eat,
and yet the men will buy everything that
is brought 10, no matter what the cost is
Yours, &C., Coon GREEN.
=. S. The 22d Indianians have Just
sent in a report Of the condition Of their
regiment Out of $50 men only 300 are
fit for duty, leaving $50 sick in the hos
pitaIs. At no time yet has the Iovat h
had more than so in the hospital a. one
time
On looking over my letter l see that l
have forgotten to thank you for a copy
of the Advertiser containing Gov. Kirk.
woods speech. That speech has made
Gov. Kirkwood all right with the Iowa
9TH The boys have always laid the blame
of their bad treatment at Camp Warren
on him but in that speech he cleared
himself completely, and at present he has
not got firmer set of friends than the
Iowa troops in Missouri. c. G.
The Tipton advertiser. [volume] (Tipton, Cedar Co., Iowa) 1856-1962, 1861-10-31
Southern News.
PHILADELPHIA, Oct.

The Richmond Whiya copy Of which
has been received here, in au editorial on
the war, says: All the Indications point
to long war. After commenting upon
what it terms the safer policy Of acting
on the defensive, which has been adopted
by the rebel Generals-a policy which
the editor fails to appreciate, and show
ing the supremacy the federal forces
have gained-thus ruling the whole
coast, and able to assall at any point the
extended frontier of the South--thc fol-
lowing declarations of despair is uttered:
The possibility Of our success is not
within range Of accident. TO prevent
our abjugation or determination is all We
can hope for. We have no skill in STRAIT
egy-we know nothing of the mcaus at
command Of our Generals But if this
is all that is left us, We had as well be
looking out for terms of submission, and
the sooner the better.
An endless war which affords 10 op-
portunity for either victory or revenge is
bootless undertaking. The Southern
people who have offered themselves and
their all for the prosecution Of this war,
and have placed implicit confidence IN
the men invested with its conduct have
looked for something better. 1t is not
to be denied that . sense of unqualified
distrust is gradually supplanting that
generous confidence. That a suspicion
is gaining ground, that all the advantages
of our position have not been profted by
as they might have been, that the war
has not been prosecuted with the vigor
and energy demanded by the emergency.
We hear ,nuttering complaints, apart
from those connected with the quarter.
masters, commissary and medical ap-
pointments of SO many civilians to high
command. Many of these appointments
have been filled with disaster.
The Tipton advertiser. [volume] (Tipton, Cedar Co., Iowa) 1856-1962, 1861-10-31
SOUTHERN TREASON.
BY MARTIN p. TrrPER.

Like Jezcbel's face at her easement,
Strangely dismay'd aud perpleNt,
The World looks forth in amazement,
Marvclng what's to come next;
The world looks round her in wonder
For Beauty and Strength destroy'd.
For Brctherhoods broken in sunder.
And Statecraft quite made void!
Alas, for Americas glory.
Ichabod-vanished outright;
And all her magnificent story
Told "a dream of the night.
Alas fer the heroes and sagcs,
Sadien'd in Hades to know
That what they had built for all ages
MeIts like palace of snow.
And woe. for the shame aud the pity.
That, all for no cause, to no end.
City should fight against city,
And brother with brother contend.
Alas, what libel on Freedom;
Patflots-Sone 10 tue bad,
Citizcns-Arahs of EdOm,
Slaycdriver.-l.ib@rty mad!
How sadly, through sons so de graded.
Pigmics, i'll sprung from great men,
Even your gsHries lock faded
Washington, Franklin and Penn,
Popular government slandcrh
Mid the deep scorn Of the world
Iibcrty's star,crowned standard
Tou'cd hy black treason and furl'd.
Sonthcrner, shame on such treason.
Woe, for your folly and gailt-
Woe, for this War of Unreason-
Woe, for the brothers blood split.
Curse on such monsters unGlial,
Tearing their mother to shrcds-
Curse on those children of Relial-
Curse on their rarricide heads.
tIpi'Ey Sent -
The Tipton advertiser. [volume] (Tipton, Cedar Co., Iowa) 1856-1962, 1861-10-31
HT The New York Heruld profess,

~ The New York Herald processes
to have information entitled to implicit
confidence, that Gen. Mcclellan, before
the retreat Of the rebels from Munsou's $
Hill, had plan to bag their forces in
advance, about 10000 strong, and the
very night he had decided to carry his
plan into execution, rocket was sent up
from Washington as a signal to the rebel
officers, whereupon the rebels beat has
ty retreat. The Herald says: "the leak
took place in some of the military bu-
reaus, aud not with the Secretary Of
War"
The Tipton advertiser. [volume] (Tipton, Cedar Co., Iowa) 1856-1962, 1861-10-31
NOTICE

Us hereby given that ALIEN. ROBERTSON has
i rc-0pened his
MEAT M MARKET
Mt the old stand North Of the court house, in
Tipten. where he intends to supply the best
meat in Cedar county, at reasonable rates FOR
CASH as he buys beeves on the same terms.
Upton, Sept, ath, lsGl-3m
The Tipton advertiser. [volume] (Tipton, Cedar Co., Iowa) 1856-1962, 1861-10-31
riptOn Tallncry.

II. K J.. J. DAIRY would announce to the
public that they are prepared to TAN LEATH-
ER for customers on the shares, or for pay
The highest cash price will be paid for hides.
We have a Il sc assortmene OF Leather on hand,
which we will sell low for cash, or exchange it
for hides.
TiptOn, August 30, 1850.
The Tipton advertiser. [volume] (Tipton, Cedar Co., Iowa) 1856-1962, 1861-10-31

mes with two guns, she having thrown
the rest overheard. and the rest of her
armament, with her chains, anchors, &c.
to tighten, she being much exposed to
the rebel fire. No person was killed or
wounded in the squadron.
The Richmond, prcbel and Nincennes
were towed off next day by the Nc
C!cllan. The Nightingale was still
ashore, bu. would be got off the next
day.
The Tipton advertiser. [volume] (Tipton, Cedar Co., Iowa) 1856-1962, 1861-10-31
CLEVELAND, Oct. Is.

CLEVELAND, Oct. Is.
The following, being the first message
over the Pacific Telegraph line, was re-
ceived here this evening:
"Greot SAT- LAX" City, lSM TO
Hon. J. II. Wade. President Of the Pa.
cifc Telegraph Company, Cleveland:-
Sir: Permit me to congratulate you upon
the completion of the Overland Telegraph
Line west to this city--to commend the
cnersy displayed by yourself aud asso-
ciates in the rapid aud successful prose
cution of work so beneiicial-and to cx.
press the wish that Its use may ever tend
to promote the true interests of the dwell.
Iers upon both the Atlantic and the Pa
cifc slopes Of our continent. | tab has
not seeded, bu: is frui for the Cons;;iu
ton and Laws of our once happy coun-
try, and is warml y interested in such sue
cessful enterprises as the one so far conf
plcted
lSigned] BRlGnAM lou>u.'
The Tipton advertiser. [volume] (Tipton, Cedar Co., Iowa) 1856-1962, 1861-10-31
a. +. MAHONY \ BRO,
L A / l. @ K s .

HNE door below Myers Hardware Store. Al
Y SwOrk entrusted tD our care will be attended
toprouPtly. tadc in the latest fash ns and war.
Gaated to give entire satisfaction. Charges reas.
prbbls. Give us call.
Upton, March II, 1850. lln
The Tipton advertiser. [volume] (Tipton, Cedar Co., Iowa) 1856-1962, 1861-10-31
EXCHANGE OFFICE,
March 18th, 10.

CIGiT DRAFTS ON NEW YORK CAN III
- had Of the Subscriber in sums to suit rur
0hasers- Certificates Of Deposit. and Drafts on
Eastern Cities, cashed. American gold furni.h
ed At a small Preminm
E.is- O.lice over H0ltslan lcrs store.
WM. II. TUTHiLL.
Upton, Iowa: July ii. i>-io
The Tipton advertiser. [volume] (Tipton, Cedar Co., Iowa) 1856-1962, 1861-10-31
MI. TVLLOSS. ID. ID. g.,

0FFiCE west side Of Clinton street, -
bctSsea Washington and College, Q1yfYWS
IOWA CITY. IOWA. Also will visit
Tipton, professionally, two or three times per
nnauM. "--" (s:22l
The Tipton advertiser. [volume] (Tipton, Cedar Co., Iowa) 1856-1962, 1861-10-31

buggy snd team whips good assortment of
CollaS &c :, which will be sold at prices to suit
the tines. .s-CASH PAID FOR HIDES.
wptOn, January 18th, lSGl.
The Tipton advertiser. [volume] (Tipton, Cedar Co., Iowa) 1856-1962, 1861-10-31

lie would respect
fully inform his
Friends and Gus
toners that he has
on hand a very
large assortment Of
Carriage. Buggy,
and Wagon Har-
ness; Ladies' and
Mems Saddles: hri
dies Of all kinds:
The Tipton advertiser. [volume] (Tipton, Cedar Co., Iowa) 1856-1962, 1861-10-31
McSWEEN Il BASS,

A TTORNEYS & COUNSELLORS AT LAW,
n LAND AND CoLLEcTING AGKNrs, &C.,
TIPToN. Iowa.
OFFICE Post-Ofce Building, opposite the
Court House.
n B.-Messrs Mes. & r. will pay the strictest
attention 10 every branch of their profession.
REFERENCEs: Grant 4 smith. Cook Il Drury
Dawson & True Lane 4 Skinner, and Hon.
Judge Dillon, Davenport. (s:2Jl
The Tipton advertiser. [volume] (Tipton, Cedar Co., Iowa) 1856-1962, 1861-10-31
Pixies Peak.

=" w. HALL. having returned fro IA Pixies
u. Peak. is now prepared to do any and ALL
KINDS OF COOPERING and Repairing, at his
shop. south of the Jail.
Tip.on, October 25th, ls60:7.i3m3
The Tipton advertiser. [volume] (Tipton, Cedar Co., Iowa) 1856-1962, 1861-10-31

T.IOs. HANNA,
ATTORNEY AT LAW,
~E NUSCaTINE IOWA.
Office, No. 2il Second street. Particular atten-
ion given to collections in Muscatne, Lonisa,
Cedar, Johnson and Scott counties-titles exam
med. taxes paid, &c.
nig gtf
The Tipton advertiser. [volume] (Tipton, Cedar Co., Iowa) 1856-1962, 1861-10-31
06GducatiotMt. .0~c

Published under the direction Of a Committee
appointed by the Cedar County Teachers AS
sociation.1
The Tipton advertiser. [volume] (Tipton, Cedar Co., Iowa) 1856-1962, 1861-10-31
DIR. G.. l.. CHAMBERS,

YSICIAN AND ST RG EON
Office, at his residence, on Cedar street.
Upton, June. L.. 1853. n2..f
J. N. LONG Il w. G. DODGE,
Physicians and Surgeons.
Cedar Bluffs, Covers Fevry.)
March 18th l>t1