davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Plymouth weekly Democrat. (Plymouth, Ind.) 1860-1869, 1861-12-19
ID. l.. liNliLkENBt RICH,
ATTORNEY AT LAW
NOTARY PUBLIC
:: :: :: :: INDIANA


Notice Is hereby given that the undersigned s..-
on the 2lst day OF December sol al the lac re-'
idcnoe OF Liba inget, decd, IN Polk township %
TINS county, expose 10 public sale a large amount
ot personal property belonging the estate 81 the
said drcedent, consisting OF household ami Kitchen
furniture, Ia. ming implements and utens-, grain
ami growing crops. stock ct AL KINDS. hor-es. cat
tie hos,, AZ, a great variety OF mlsco.lante|
artcles-ail OF winch viii oe sold Ia The hughes
and best bidder. At public auc.son. All suns .
three dollars and under. cash M hand al SUBJ
over three dollars at a credit OF six months gisn-
notes with approved security, with Interest ir0~
date, waving valuation ana appraiscmcut AVS
SOLOMON PEARMAN.
dec5 45t2 AdfnintsfrAf0r-
The Plymouth weekly Democrat. (Plymouth, Ind.) 1860-1869, 1861-12-19
Letters OF Administrative

Notice is hereby given ct the undersigned has
this day taken letters OF administration on
the estate of ZlLa wingct, late OF Mas shall coun,y
deceased. Said estate Is supposed 10 be solvent
SOLOMON PEiRNAN
Nov LIST, lS6l- t3ts-
The Plymouth weekly Democrat. (Plymouth, Ind.) 1860-1869, 1861-12-19
COparsmcr>hip DISSOLUTION,

The copartner~hip heretofore existing between
VI Stol and ID. Holtz, is this d,y dissolved 10y mu-
tual consent II. tloltz is autao.izcd To recei, .
all monies due the firm. aud will PAS II indebted
ness of the This 9th day OF December.
1861. The business will be continued bv ID Holtz.
VI STOLL,
dccl2 46t3. II. IIOLTZ
The Plymouth weekly Democrat. (Plymouth, Ind.) 1860-1869, 1861-12-19
NIu>IS.-
ST. JOE BRASS BAND.
TICKETS, INCLUDING SUPPER. q

To commence at ; o'clock, P. n. Perfect
order will be kept ia the Hall
by order of COMMITTEE
The Plymouth weekly Democrat. (Plymouth, Ind.) 1860-1869, 1861-12-19

A Democratic Conservative Newspaper in
the City of New York
The Plymouth weekly Democrat. (Plymouth, Ind.) 1860-1869, 1861-12-19
CALVERT COMSTOCK. WILLIAM cas-
Dl, E.DN CONS lOCh.

with ample additional specigl a. stance n tle >ef-
crt Departments 81 the paper.
Next 10 V4-o.oas support ot the tcleru Cos
crllincut ia IL present pcrll--iIc ht~t -.et lat
uf every patriotic cIiilrn-thc lcAI.ag Is. ..-c 90
the Editor. Nul be t. advocate Democrtt- ant
Conservative doctrines, anI u ,is-r-.t thela
upon i-c policy AMI administration ul Sac t9f
cfnmcni.-St.tc and National. A. tac -tiuc uar
they Mil strive - furnish 1ns rc.sssrs t4r 1e-s
pos-ibIc general newspaper Inc latest iutc.a
gcuCe-lgrcIsn aud domr>uc--Nill alWays appear
In the columns oi their paper AMI IT. Coiun'rt
Department D.. embrace TIE fuilc>t 4ad mos ~
liable information. nc.ulms correct ana auiae
reports ct t4e Money. rroi4ce anal Cattle Ma
kcts At New York ani otheg leading points q
commercial transactions. Great care Wlll Ai-- be
bestowed UPON 1hc Literary character oi tae -
per. and such othcs original and selected aftlct-'
notices OF public ,slon-. A., Vii ne gwen. =
Nil bc hAciy L. intere>. lAc reader. Tor .hr a-A-
( cit OF that ARE class engaged ia ca.u'ai.hs iac
soil. We snail sisc promn,n-e 20 agricultural ,a'-
Jects, dcvoung 10 them Original Articles. editors
as and e rninanlcation>. ant care!ulis -'t'tei
matter irom the leading Journals o. the esah'i,'
Ter.
Tie NV York NFrkIN ARcr, = publ she'd -
Ouarto form. each number containing eti i-'5e,
or forty eieht columns. lria ted ue~ as4 h'hl
some type. la the best style II vii be furnished
10 subscribers on ihe following terms, QAtafc a.
NAYS IA az, .tIec-
Single subscriptions per sitnum,- = ~
Three copies Que year --- - y.
-ht do 10 .-...-....-. ID 10
AlAitonal copies lcach) --...-..---- -
INtntr COPIES "a enc address, ...-... ~ %
wilh III ezra cof.s 10 thc person sending the c.i-
10 AuA person Scudng a c,uo ot Zoo. Ne ~
sela tAc A.oAn. puly Atlas Argus, one seAF,
-t.tl-.
Sue~, -upsion> nav commence with Any Huniler
Letters. whether containing rcmttanees ar ula,i
Wise. -nould hc addressed ~ the undersigned. CT
mex a., Broadway ami Park Place, composite 1tg
Han r~rA \EA NOkk
CoMSTOCK y CASSIDY. Prop'r-.
The Plymouth weekly Democrat. (Plymouth, Ind.) 1860-1869, 1861-12-19
THE COUNTY CONVENTION.

Interpreted.
The Plymouth weekly Democrat. (Plymouth, Ind.) 1860-1869, 1861-12-19
kBOLaTlGNlZlN THE WAR.

". 4. o. PACKARD, Sec'y.
The Plymouth weekly Democrat. (Plymouth, Ind.) 1860-1869, 1861-12-19
COR MS HALL
N1:sIl:igcI-%

Floor Managers
,. n. Shoemaker v. ElasIanger.
The Jeffersonian Democrat. [volume] (Chardon, Ohio) 1854-1865, 1861-10-25
Origin Of the Hat.

We owe the hat, as we owe most of our
manufactures, to Ae;a. In Asia men first
learned the art of felting wool, SO as TO
compose the subGtratum of the fabric. Wool.
so long as it contains tho natural yolk or,ani.
NAL grease, refuses to felt-tbat is, its fibers
will not mat together into compact and
felt. When the yolk has been extracted
by chemical process, the Hool has a teudeu.
cy to interlace it's fibers and to adhere firm
Iy to the union thus formed and from a
very remote period this secret was possessed
by the Orientals. The hats which are con.
stantly alluded to in Scripture-those, for
instance. which we're bound upon the beads
of Shadrkch, Meshach and Abednego, whom
they we're cast into the Assyrian furnace
were genuine hats, but probably adorned
BY turban cloths wound about them.
have seen tho soif-Bame hats-talI, narrow
cylinders of gray felt, surrounded by q
handkerchief or cloth--on the heads OF the
jews of Asia. Nor was thu use of the hat
Hebrew monopoly. The Kurds, Persiaps.
Armenians, and some tribes of Turks and
Tartars. wear the hat, as their fathers did in
Saladin's day. The high lambs wool bon.
net of the Persian, is but brimless hat,
with nap of exaggerated roughness. Tho
HISTORIAN Christians OF Kurdietan wear hats
almost exactly similar to battered Irish
caubeen. only of brown dirty white color.
Throughout the East the dervishes aud
wandering fskirs may be known by tall,
narrow hat Of iight-hued felt, adorned by c.
greasy rag, and towering upward like q
chimney poL-[Chambets' Journal.
The Jeffersonian Democrat. [volume] (Chardon, Ohio) 1854-1865, 1861-10-25
The Rebel Confiscat,on Act.

Tho Rebel ConfscatiOn Act is a measure
of the most sweeping kind. It declares all
persons residing in the North to be alien
enemies, except those living in Delaware,
Maryland, Kontucky, Missouri, District of
Columbia. New Mexico. Arizona and the In,
dian Territory; and in those excepted States
those acting against the rebels are aliens al
so, ard any property or effects which they
may own in the South are forfeited. Even
residents of the loyal States, whether citi-
zens or foreigners, are to have their prop
erty confiscat ted. Receivers are to exam-
inc attorneys and counsellors, presidents and
cashiers of banks, and the principal admin
istrative officers of railroad and all other
corporations all agents of foreign corpora
lions, insurance aRents, commission mer-
chants engaged In foreign trade. agents of
foreign mercantile houses, dealers In bills
of exchange, executors and administrators
of estates, to find out such alien owners, and
overy possible mode Of reaching the desired
information is put in force. The rebel ru-
lers don't let single dollar escape that they
can lay their hands upon. A conspiracy
against the Union, which begun in the theft
Of Government property, very properly sus-
taIns itself by Wholesale plunder of every in
dividual who will not lend himself to the me-
fariOus scheme Of these rebels.
The Jeffersonian Democrat. [volume] (Chardon, Ohio) 1854-1865, 1861-10-25
A Word for Trees.

"By felling trees" says Humboldt, "that
cover the tops and sides Of mountains, men
OF every climate prepare at once two calan-
tiles for future generations-tho want of fu.
oil and scarcity of water. Trees, by the
nature of their perspiration, and the radi-
alton from their leaves 10 q sky without
clouds, surround themselves with an atmos-
phere constantly cold and misty. They af-
foct the copiousness of springs, not, as was
long believed by a peculiar attraction for va.
pors diffused through the air, but because,
by sheltering the soil from the direct action
OF the sun. they diminish the evaporation
Of the water produced by rain.
"When forests are destroyed, as they are
every whore in America by European set
tiers, with an imprudent precipitation. tho
springs are entirely dried up or become less
abundant The beds of the rivers, remain.
ing dry part of tho year, are covered with
torrents whenever great rains fall on the
heights. Tho sward and moss disappearing
with the brush-wood from the sides of the
mountains, the waters failing in rain are no
longer impeded in their course; and instead
of slowly augmenting the levol Of the rivers
by progressive filtration, they furrow the
sides OF the hills during heavy showors--
bear down the loosened soil, and form those
sudden foundations that devastate the ooun-
try. Hence II results that the destruction
Of woodlands, the lack of permanent springs,
and the existence of torrents, (the food OF
rivers,) are three phenomena closely con-
nectod together.
In Switzerland It has been clearly ascer-
tain ed that rivulets once full have shrunk
or dried up coino;ieutly with the clearing
of the mountains, and that they have once
more returned to thoir former size on the
woods being restored. .......
Troes shade the soil from the sun. They
give off vapor during the day. and so mi,i-
gate tho heat, while they obstruct the d.
during the uigbt, and occasion the precipi-
tation of dow, many plants being endowed
with this faculty to such an extent as to col
lect wator in lagre quantities from the air.
trust that these remarks will induce
many to plant and foster trees"
The Jeffersonian Democrat. [volume] (Chardon, Ohio) 1854-1865, 1861-10-25
The Peril of the Crevasse,

/ remember well the first glimpse I had
into one of these terrible crevasses which
intersect glaciers. Getting guide to
hold my hand, l leaned over the yawning
brink, and gazed carefully into the faith.
omless abyss. The two perpendicular
walls Of ice appeared to join together
about three hundred feet down, an ap-
pearance resulting from the convexity of
the crevasse. Usually, l believe, a great
split ends only where the glacier touches
the ground beneath. "No one who falls
into one Of these ever comes out alive"
said one Of our guides. EYES," said an
other, ga man once escaped, and lives
still at tie Grindelwald he was cha.
mois hunter, and when coming home
alone over the glacier, his foot slipped,
and he was precipitsted into a crevasse.
His fall was broken by projecting lodges
and blocks Of ice-which, however, gave
way as he clung TO them. After falling
three hundred feet. he reached the bottom
with leg and an arm broken. He found
hollow space between the ground and the
ice. through which stream of water ran.
Instinctively be followed its course, de-
spite the great pain he endured, and, al
ter crawling along for three hours. found
himself freed from the glacier" Ordi.
nary crevasses are from three to eight
feet wide at the top, but the sides ap-
proach each other rapidly. SO that man
would be wedged In between two walls Of
ice long before he could reach the bot
tom. and then, unless there should be
ropes at hand long enough and strong
enough, what an awful death An un-
fortunate Russian gentleman perished
thus in a crevasse only last year half
frozen, half squeezed 10 death, the heat Of
his body ever melting the ice. be ever
sinking deeper and deeper into his dread
full grave.--Dickens' al The Year Round.
The Jeffersonian Democrat. [volume] (Chardon, Ohio) 1854-1865, 1861-10-25

SEwARD's GREAT ERROR THE error of
proclHiming a blockade of the Southern
ports. instead of simply depriving them of
the character of ports of entry. is beginning
to produce it's natural fruits of diplomatic
complication. Spain and other neutral pow
ers have demanded explanations as to the
jurisdiction of our consuls in neutral ports
over meI chant vessels under the rebel aag I;
questions have also been raised concerning
the delays granted to vessels loading in the
blockadod ports, and also as to the efficiency
of the blockade. England justi6es her rec
ognition Of the rebels as belligerents BY
saying that the proclamation of blockade is
exclusively against an independent Govern.
ment, by the rules of maratime warfare
Here is quoted, also, in defense of this po-
sition the phraseology of some of the COM
munications from the State Department to
Lord Lyons, wherein the National Govern
ment is spoken of as "belligerent," and it
10 argued that if we include ourselves un-
der this name We by that act admit the
rebels to the same position. All these mat
ters would cause no trouble had the course
pointed out by the act Of Congress been
adopted by issuing Q proclamation to the
effect that the Southern ports were no
longer ports of entry.-.N Y. Tribuas.
The Jeffersonian Democrat. [volume] (Chardon, Ohio) 1854-1865, 1861-10-25
Sleep.

There is no fact more clearly established
in the physiology of man than this: that the
the brain expends its energies and itself du-
ring tho houos of wakefulness, and these are
recuperated during sleep; If the recupers-
tion does not equal the expenditure, then
tho brain withers. This is insanity. Thus
it is, that in early English history persons
who were condemned to death by being pre-.
vented from sleeping, always died raving
mauacs; thus 1t Is also, that those who starve
TO death become insane; the brain Is not
nourished, and they cannot sleep. The ptac
tical inforences are three: lst, Those who
think most. who do most brain work, TO.
quire most sleep, I'd, That time saved from
needful sleep is infallibiy destructive to the
mind, body and estate. Sd, Give yourself
your children, your servants, give all that
are under you, the fullest amount of sleep
they will take, by compelling them 60 60 to
bed at some regular hour. and to arise in the
morning the moment they awake.-Phre-
biological Journal.
The Jeffersonian Democrat. [volume] (Chardon, Ohio) 1854-1865, 1861-10-25

CHINESE LIPE.-The American Consul at
Swatow, China, has vrtteu a letter to the
Rochester .qdverfiser, in which he states
some very interesting facts respecting the
habits and manners of the Chinese Speak
ing Of the people of the district of Hankow,
some Eve hundred miles above Shanghai,
and which has become, in the place of Can.
ton, the Dorado OF the empire, and the great
tea port OF the country, he says they are q
bold, turbulent, lawless set of rascals, in
constant war with each other. As regards
the state of society, he expresses the opinion
that nothing like it Is to be found any where
else in the world, not even in Africa. In
proof of this, We are told thGt boatmen at
SWatow and men at work are often seen
"entirely naked" Female children are of
but little account in u region that is the
most populous of any in all the country.
The correspondent says that be "can obtain
large baskets full Of live, kicking female
Chinese babies-a dozen OF more in each
for ttOO dollars basket" He AIDA. 1t is
mot uncommon to find them by the road
side or rolling on the beach"
The Jeffersonian Democrat. [volume] (Chardon, Ohio) 1854-1865, 1861-10-25
A NATIONAL SONG.

God Of the Free tn thee we look,
As looked our sires in days of old, ..
When on thy breath, invoked by prayer,
Their brnner for the right unrolled.
That glorious banner still is ours;
Our falchions, like their own, shall start,
When Freedoms sentinel trumpet calls,
To find the impious tyrant's heart
Their sncred homesteuds still we own,
And still the Of Plymouth rolls
The hymn Of Justice, Labor, Right,
And blest Religion in our souls.
Their mighty mission was not left
BY them in vain for us. for we,
Heirs Of a continent, ATE yet
Subduing mountain, vale and sea.
How proudly on our march we go,
With Washington's own flag unfurled;
The blood Of all the world is here,
And he who strikes us strikes the world I,
Then wave thy ooken boughs, o North!
o South exu'iing lift thy palms;
And in our Unions heritage, ..-.
Together sing the Nations psalms!
The Jeffersonian Democrat. [volume] (Chardon, Ohio) 1854-1865, 1861-10-25
Microscope for the Million.

There is q man who sometimes stands In
Leicester square, London, who sells mic
roscopes ct penny each. Thoy are made
of common pill-box, the bottom taken out,
and piece of window glass substituted. A
small eyo.hole bored in the lid, and therein
is placed the lens, the whole apparatus,
being painted black.
Upon looking through ono of these mic
roscopes, was surprised to find hundreds
Of creatures, apparently the size OF earth
worms, swimming about in all directions
yet on the object glass nothing could be
seen but speck of -four and water, convey
ed there on the end of lucifer match, from
q common inkstand, which was nearly full
of this vivifiod paste.
Another microscope exhibited . single
representative of the animal kingdom,
showing bis impatience of Imprisonment by
kicking vigorously. Though must confess
to shudder, could no: help admiring tho
beauties of construction in this little mon.
ster, which if Ut liberty, would have excited
murderous feelings, unfavorable to the
proloDgation of his existence. The sharp
pointed mouth, with which no works bis
digging, his side claws, wherewith to hold
on while he works, and bis little bea{t pull
sating slowly but forcibly, and sending Q
stream of blood down the large vessel in the
center of his white and transparent body,
could DO seen and wondered at.
When the stock of this sort of game runs
short, q common carrot seed is substituted,
which, when looked at through q magnitier,
is marvelously like an animal having thick
body aud numerous legs projecting from
the sides SO like an animal that it has
been miGtaken by an enthusiastic pbiloso-
pher for an animal created in or by chemi.
cal mixture in conjunction with electricity.
i bought several Of these microscopes,
determined TO find out how all this could
DO done for penny. An eminent micro
scopist examined tbem, and found that the
maguifying power was twenty diameters.
The cost of tho lens made of glass OF such
power, would be from three TO four shiliings.
How, then, could the apparatus be made
for single penny?
A penknife revealed the mystery. The
pill box was cut in two, and then sp-
peared that the lens was made of Canada
balsam-a transparent gum. The balsam
had been heated and carefully dropped into
the eye-hoIe of the pill-box. 1t then as
umed the proper size, shape, Transparency
and polish of q very we'll ground glass
lens.
Our ingenious lens maker informed me
that he had been selling these microscopes
for fifteen years, and he and his family con-
Jointly made them. One child cut the pill
boxes, another made the gap. another put
them together, his wife painted them black,
and he made tho lenses. Of truth,
simplicity is beauty"
The Jeffersonian Democrat. [volume] (Chardon, Ohio) 1854-1865, 1861-10-25
LIFE IS BEAUTIFUL.
By MISS l.. II. sIGouRNEY.

Life is beautiful,-its duties
Clustor round each passing day,
While thoir sweet and solemn voices
Warn to work, to watch. to pray;
They aIono it's blessings forfeit
Who by sin their spirits cheat,
Or to slothful stupor yiolding,
Lot the rust their armct eat.
Lifo is eautifnl--affections
Round its roots with ardor cling.
Mid its opening blossoms nestle,
BirdIike, in it's branches sing.
Smiling luil it's cradle slumbers,
Guard with pride lie youthful bloom,
Fondly kiss it's snow-wbite temples.
Dow it's turf. mound DER its tomb.
Lifo ia beautiful-with promise
or the oy that cannot fade,
Life is fearful, with tho threatening
Ofan everlasting shade;
Nav no thoughless wanderer scorn 10,
Biindly lost in folly's maze;
Duty, love and hope sdorn il,
Lot its latest breath be praise.
The Jeffersonian Democrat. [volume] (Chardon, Ohio) 1854-1865, 1861-10-25

THE GREATEST WELL YET.--The editor OF
the Mercer (Pa.) Dispatch gives descrip::
ton OF an extraordinary vein of oil tapped
the other day on the McEthany farm, at a
depth of four hundred and sixty feet. Ho
SAYS: A watch was held while it ran into
tank holding, by measure one hundred and
eighty barrels and il filed the same in Gfy-
fve miautrs At a fair estimate, taking
this as data. those who were working and
watching about it are confident that 10 the
first twenty -four hours, it flowed two thou.
sand four hundred barrels of Gil Aud
when wo left on Friday morning, there aP.
pearec to be but littlo diminutioD. What
is also remarkable, is the fact that this well
is located not more than twenty rods from
the Funk we'll which has been flowing some
four months. and has yielded an almost in
credible quantity Of the greasy fluid
The Jeffersonian Democrat. [volume] (Chardon, Ohio) 1854-1865, 1861-10-25

PREDICTION OF CoTToN MILLENNIUM
Capt. r. @. Kendall, formerly of the u. S.
Coast Survey, who is the dscoverer of the
perennial cotton tree that will flourish in cold
climates, predicts that "the period is not
very remote when hedges, most efficient as
fences, shall yield annual dividends of cot
ton ornamental trees, blending the useful
with tho beautiful, shall repay tenfold their
cost and culture; when the rugged Nights
of tho Hudson, the plains of New Jersey.
the fertile valleys Of the Keystone State,
aud the uudulating prairies of the great
West shall gleam in the sunlight, white as
the winter drifts, with generous pods oi
democratic cotton.
The Jeffersonian Democrat. [volume] (Chardon, Ohio) 1854-1865, 1861-10-25

E@ Brigadier General Pierce, late
commanding at Big Bethel, Va, is now
serving as a private soldier in Col.
FLETCHER WEBsrER's regiment, thus Civ
ing the strongest evidence Of bis devotion
to his country. Ell.
The Jeffersonian Democrat. [volume] (Chardon, Ohio) 1854-1865, 1861-10-25

Southern troubles accumulate. The
last news is that the price Of whisky is
going up. In the vicinity OF Fairfax II is
held as high as 81 80 per pint. Chewing
tobacco, too, is growing scarce and dear.
The Jeffersonian Democrat. [volume] (Chardon, Ohio) 1854-1865, 1861-10-25
BUSINESS DIRECTORY.
LAW FIRM.

LAW FIRM.
A LFRED PHELPS e. Albert G. Riddle, com
n posing the old Law Firm Of Phelps g. Riddle,
and Alfred Phelps, Jr ;,haye forn,ed Copartncrshp
eoap eetiOl for tie Practice OF law, under the
zame Of Phelps, Riddle g. Phelps at the old Office
Of Phelps g. Riddle, where they viii attend to all
law business which may be entrusted to their
care. ALFRED PHELPS,
ALBERT G RIDDLE,
ALFRED PHELPS, JR.
Chardou, December 9th, 1859. 5l7tf
The Jeffersonian Democrat. [volume] (Chardon, Ohio) 1854-1865, 1861-10-25
0be Jeffsrsonian Democrat
PUBLISHED EVERY FRIDAY MORNING. AT
eeauga Coun ty, Ohio.
T E r M s.,

oMcs directly oper Ms new Store of JViIkj.s 4
heHsy, Uest side Of me Pubiic Syuers.
The Jeffersonian Democrat. [volume] (Chardon, Ohio) 1854-1865, 1861-10-25

that this is but the beginning Of 40 extensye
movement of the oolored people now 10
The Jeffersonian Democrat. [volume] (Chardon, Ohio) 1854-1865, 1861-10-25

ThRAsHER, DURFEE & HATHAWAY,
Attorneys & Counsellors at Law,
CHARDoN, GEAUGA COUNTY, o.,
Will give prompt attention to business entrusted
10 them, in Geauga and adjoining Counties.
9TOffice first door south Of the Court Hou se
up stairs.
A. Il. rHRAsHER, L. F.. DURFEE, 1. ". HATHAWAY
Chardon, Nov. 25th, 1859. 5l5u
The Jeffersonian Democrat. [volume] (Chardon, Ohio) 1854-1865, 1861-10-25

under consideration, and Ksptuekisni 10
Washington are said TO be anxioua for tha
The Jeffersonian Democrat. [volume] (Chardon, Ohio) 1854-1865, 1861-10-25
RATES OF ADvERTlsINC.

one year, 80. 50 90
Advertisements should be marked tho num-
Der Of times they are designed to be inserted those
not SO marked, will be continued until ordered out
s"T III H.. ".,Tns oT 'T u.e moove terms
fined to their regular business.
Attorneys will be holden for the price of inserting
Advertisements brought by them
~ All communications must be addressed to the
Proprietor postage paid, J TO receive attention
The Jeffersonian Democrat. [volume] (Chardon, Ohio) 1854-1865, 1861-10-25

with the South. and hopslss. devotion to