Cleveland morning leader. [volume] (Cleveland [Ohio]) 1854-1865, 1861-08-27

and these should lead into other AID deeper
nam drains or cutters, by which the water
will be conducted away from the tents.
l6. Sleeping upon damp ground causes
dysentery and fevers A arpaulin or India
rubber cloth is a good protection; straw or
kay Is desirable, when fresh and frequently
renewed; fresh hemlock, pine, or cedar
boughs make healthy bed When occu-
pied for any time, flooring Of planks should
be secured for the tents II possible, but this
must be taken up, and the earth exposed 70
the sun, ct least every week.
II. The tents for the men should be placed
as far from each other as the Regulations
and the dimensions If the camp permit,
(never less than two PAGES y croWding is al
ways injurious to health. Regulations, P.
50s.) No refuse, slops, or exorement should
be allowed to be deposited in the trenches
for drainage around the tents. Each tent
should be thoroughly swept out daily, and the
materials used for bedding aired and summed, If
possible; the canvas should be raised freely
at its base, and 1t should be kept epeR as
much as possible during the daytime, in dry
weather, in order to secure ventilation, for
tents are liable to become very unhealthy il
Free ventilation should also be secured at
night, by opening and raising the base Of
the tent to as great an extent as the weather
will permit.
Is. The crowoing OF men in tents for sleep
ing is highly injurious to health, and will al
ways be prevented by commanding officer
who is anxious for the welfare OF his men,
Experience has proved that sleeping beneath
simple sheds of canvass, or even in the open
air, is less dangerous to health than over
crowding in tents. js'#
No more than Eve men should ever be
allowed to sleep in acommon army tent ofThe
kind most commonly in use.
Is. The men should sleep in their shirts
and drawers, removing their shoes, stockings,
and outer clothing, except when absolutely
implacticsble. Sleeping in the clothes is
never SO refreshing and is absolutely un-
healthy.
20. The men should never be allowed to
sleep in wet clothing, or under wet blanket
if it can be possibly avoided; and, after
being wetted, all the articles of clothing and
blankets should be throughly dried and sun
ned before being used. After a thorough
wettiBg there is no serious danger as long As
the hody is kept in motion; but the wet
clothes should be replaced by dry shirt and
drawers before sleeping, otherwise there is
danger of taking cold, and Of other grave
forms of disease. If the men are deficient in
the necessary supply Of clothing for change,
the surgeon should report the fact to the
commanding officer.
81. Camp fires should be allowed when
ever admissible; they are useful for purify
ing the sir, for preventing annoyance from
insects, for drying clothing, and for security
against chiIliness during the night.
%. The underelothing should be washed
and thoroughly dried once week.
The men should bathe, or wash the whole
body with water, at least once week, and
oftener when practicable, but the feet should
be bathed daily, and the stockings washed
whenever soiled.
%. The hair and beard should be closely
cropped. If vermin make their appearance,
apply promptly to the surgeon for means to
destroy them. Extra soap may be procured
on Recommendation of the surgeon.
1t is the immediate duty of non-commis-
siened officers in command of squads to see
that these, and all other precautions required
for the health ofthe men, are strictly carried
out under the orders of the company and
medical officers.
"a. When bowel complaints are prevalent,
be especially observant of the rules for pre-
serving health, and apply to the surgeon for
flannel bandage to be worn constantly
around the belly.
25. Itis wise and prudent, when ague and
levers are prevalent that every man should
take a dose of quinine bitters at least once in
twenty-iour hours. This will surely serve as
has been practiced in Florida and elsewhere
with undoubted benefit.
26 The men should not be ver.drilled-
st is likely TO beget disgust for drill, and TO
defeat its object. Three drills day, of one
hour each, for squads, and prOpO tionate
length OF time wnen sufficiently advanced,
for battalion drill, is mora profitable than
double the time similarly oceup ed.
81. When practicable amusements, sports
and gymnastic exercises should be favored
amongst the men, such as running, leaping,
wrestling, fencing, bsyonet exercise, cricket,
baseball, ball, quoits, &c, &c.
2S. CRd march take especial care of the
feet Bathe them every night before sleep.
ing, not IN the morning. Select a shoe of
stout soft leather, with boad sole, and low
heel.
Prefer woolen sock. # the feet begin to
chafe, rub the socks with common soap where
they come in contact with the sore places.
20. An old soldier drinks and eats as lit
tie as possible whilst marching. The re-
cruit, on the contrary, is continually MUNICH
ing the contents Of his haverssck, and using
his canteen; it is a bad habit, and causes
more suffering in the end.
30. The commencement of the day'sm
should be prompt. Nothing tires the men 30
much as hanging around camp, waiting for
the word to start
81. 1t is a great comfort to the men to halt
for tea or fifteen minutes At the end Of the
first half hour many, about this time, re-
qnire to attend to the calls of nature. After
this there should be halt of ten or fifteen
minutes at the end of every hour, with rest
of twenty minutes in the middle Of the day
for lunch. A longer halt than this stiffens
the men and renders subsequent marching
difficult. The best rule is to get through the
days march, and rest in csmp, if possible, BY
two o'clock P. u.
%. The best pace to sdoot, in marching,
is from 80 to 100 step (of % inches each) to
the minute; this will give rate Of from q
to "a mile to the hour,
In continuous marches, the leading COM
panies should be alternated each day, as it
is always less iatiguing to be in advance.
80. At the close of q days march every
man should bathe his feet. and wash his
stockings, and get his meal before lying
down to rest removing and changing the
under clothing, if wet.
"a. Whenever, on a march, facilities of
are available, it Is wise to al
low the men to put their knspsacks inso the
wagons; this is an immense saving of
strength, especially to troops unacczstomed
to marching. f
When there is liability to attack, and
when the troops are going into battle, this
measure is particularly recommended, as the |
men, under these circumstances, are liable to |
loss their kuapsacks, OVercOats, and blankets.
55. In action, the proper position in which |
10 place wounded or fainting man is fiat !
1pon his back, with the head vsry slightly
,aised.
36 The un0qt uro,ant vvsrf ~ = --,,y,,,,5,.5 i