Daily national Democrat., 1861-04-13
The supply of Cotton for England.


time defeat. Already, the mere rumor OF
possible deficiency has raised the price Of the
article s per cent and cost England half as
much again us the Chinese indemnity -
Every succeeding mail from the United states
tends to deepen an alarm which no sage poll
ttcian will pronounce unfounded. One-siXih
of our population relies for its existence, on
the suiiiciency of the import of cotton. 1t is
not too much to say, that successful inva-
sion would produce less direct physical suf-
fering among our population. than a total
cessation of supply. Even a serious deticien-
cy would produce misery, to which that of
Coventry is bearable and a serious deficiency
is at least not beyond the category of immi-
nent probabilities
There are, in fact, but three countries in
the world which offer a chance of adequate
Immediate and cheap supply-they are In
dia, China, and, perhaps Brazil.
In India all the conditions of cultivation
are present as fully as in the Southern States.
The cotton soil is of lmitess extent. There
is labor on the spot, cheap, plentiful, and uc-
customed to the work There is crop al
ready produced, the extent of which seems
but family comprehended, even by men
whose fortunes depend upon their compre
hension. ILdia has no statistics, but the
uIuuu ldClo al lulCIlI W IiluNI lilc anu vi SCI
ence. Two hundred millions of human be-
ings are there clothed in indigenous cotton.
However small the requirements of each man
and a population which balhes in cotton
clothes twice day, needs more Gotten than
Europeans are apt to admt-the regular sup
ply must be ipc0nceiyably large. So great is
it, indeed, that fluctuations, hundreds of mil
lions of pounds between the export of one
year and another, scarcely affect the local
price. The normal export of Europe may
be taken at 3OO,0 bales. Yet in 1857 this
amount, without preparation, without any
disturbance in hcinternal trade, without any
stimulus. rather than increased price, rose at
a bound to $50 900. Let Manchester ponder
the extent of the cultivation which, without
warning, throws off that quantity as unneces-
sary surpusage. But if we shall be told, il
India really produces such supplies, why dc
they not always reach this country Simply
because the cotton cannot be carried to the
coast at the average price Of the American
staple The expense Of carriage swallows up
the profit The Instant a rise in price over
comes ohat one difficulty, the cottoni is offered
in profusion. The staple has three eXpendi-
lures to meet. There is the cultivator's price
say, speaking roughly, l11 pound there is
the exporters profit, little enough always,
and there is cost Of carriage, equal to near
ly double the cost price Of the fibre. Re
duce that one item, and the supply, without
new factories, without waiting for that "re-
generation of India" for which MIR. Bailey
hopes, aud of which Anglo,lndans despair,
will be ample to supply any Vacuum c, Gated
by Disturbances among the slaves. We do
not write without knowledge, when We say
that India, the cotton railway once complete
can emanciPate England, at once, from de-
pendance on the South
The position of China is widely different
but, as new field, it offers advantages far
beyond those of Australia or the Cape Its
colossal deltas contain cotton land almost
without limit Those deltas swarm with a
population accustomed to toll, working for
bare food, and ingenious beyond any Asatic
or African race The enterprise which, in
Algeria, must be wasted on the importation
of labor, and in India in securing the title to
land, may, in China, be turned at once the
cultivation The Chinaman has no prgiuli-
ces. Prove to him that cotton will pay, and
he will grow cotton ast as readily us sugal
or tea. or any of the products with which he
now deluges the world. No demand has
ever yet surpassed the Chinese capacity ful
! production. If the reduction of duty on tea
/ increases the demand 80 per cent, China
sends few more millions OF pounds without
consciousness even of the increased demand
! 1t is in the great cloavW of the human r5ce
in lands whore labor is drug and wages i'm
! ply only the right TO breathe, that demand.
like those of Lancashire for cotton can alon,
be adequately supplied. Let the Manches
ter men compel Sir Charles Wood to flush
the railroad now constructing 10 Omrnotee
out Of hand, ana at any cost. Let them al
! the same time, give up the vague thcolie,
about Indian regeneration, and send agent:
to collect detailed information as to the cX-
tent OF the Indian cotton crop, and in siA
months they may rest in peace, confident that
even if the Union be in flames the coulls-
grafton can never extend to the Gotten mills
of Great Britain.-Lo"d9m Spectator.
TARIrF-By an act Of the Congress Of the
Confederate States, says the St Loni5 cores
pendent of the Union, goo1o, wares and mer-
chandise for states out Of the Southern Con-
fedcracy pass through the Confederate State:
without the payment of duties The follow
ing is the Act:
An Act to authorize the transit Of metchandis,
through the Confederate States.
The Congress enacts that goods wares ant
merchandise imported from any foreign coun
| try, may be entered and have transit througl
the Confederate States free Of duty, sulirc
to such regulations as the Secretary of the
/ Treasury from time TO time shall make, ant
the said Secretary of the Treasury shall have
| power to m Ike such regulations as he may
deem eHpedient for the safety of the reyenu,
and for public convenience, which regula.
tions may be enforced in the manner pre-.
scribed by law as TO other regulations in / e
lation to the revenue.
Passed March l5, 1861.
Upon this Act several invoices of good
have already entered the port of st. Loui
free Of duty, and the fact has been productiv,
ofremonstrance from parties who have beer
compclle4 to pay duties and have thus beer
placed upon such an unequal footing. Upo,
this subject, the St. Louis Republican has tn,
following article:
The effect Of the present condition of ma.
tional affairs on foreign imports passing thro
the new Southern Confederacy has, for some
time, been matter of much interest aut
anxiety to importers, and the difficulties
arising from the new order of things Soutl
has materially interrupted our business rela-
tons in the matter of such imports Good
received at st Louis since the Withdrawn! o
the Southern States from the Union passel
into the possession OF the Collector at thi
port, and there remained in stat" quo TIL,
Collector being without official instructions
could not give any satisfactory explanation
regarding the same. His port not being
port of entry, there was no authority to ap-
praise foreign merchandise We learn, from
authority, that the Collector Of St. Louis ha,