The Ottawa free trader. [volume] (Ottawa, Ill.) 1843-1916, 1861-01-05

prdtiOn bliL IT frequently appeared That
there was no quorum present, and il was
finally agreed that the bill should he re-
ported 10 the House on Monday, TO which
day the House adjourned
MoSo.T, Dec. 81
SrNATG-Thc galleries we're crowded
There wUs large crowd about the doors.
Tie ladies also were IN the lOLLies ana on
the IaD.
NJ Douglas aid he wished to speai. on
the subject. hIt would Vos.gone lis .e-
marks until }Ned-azdGv.
Mr. benjamin, OF Louisiana, rose TO ad-
dress ;Ao Senate, Inc South, BE saId,
had repeatedly warned tie North tnat
they were dTaaiae them 10 a point t.4g
would leaI II = sepcra,ign. and iur this
they had only been sGeeggi ~ and ma.ici4-
cd Ho (Brujasnin) wished - syeaa iuIio
sy.-.t oi racIiulnlat-on, Lul 10 perform lis
uuty lie would cal attention 10 the
speech he made four years go predicting
tAi= result,
IIr heu.aH.n here quoted from the
speech lie made IN l,yJ, IN which A- said
tAa time would come when TIE South
wou.d throw the sword into the scale, with
al! Jue rights OF tie sword, because lac jli
not believe there could be F4acc4J.s seces-
SION. lie said that the words L- had at
tered had proved ;gUe to-day. lie would
10 God that the fears q! civil WaT then eZ-
pressed would prove only .-ss-, but from
hat he had heard i almost seemed =, i
the other side Of tAr chamber desired 10
bring about civil way south Carolina
had declared herself sepeEate from the
| Mon, while other states stand Te.Iy to
support her or else put her down. limit
= II4e real issue, and there = 10 Use 10
diszui>s il. We are permitted TO IsLoie
the fact 1Lat the determination to seccue
j. not confined To south Carolina alone,
Tor next week Mississippi, Alabama and
/ loTica WI! sepeg.te from the / mon. \
week after Georgia will follow them, 1t
tie later Louisiana "liI secede, and soon
after her Arkansas. NOw, then, shall va
recognize South Csro.ina ss Il free and III
dan. ud-nt State, or shall we cOcrce Dy
force. rv~.sned ;bAt the ns.,I.le OF South
Carolina had . right to dccTsrv i----.lf
free-it Was 81 inherent, lnalIenab!e right
Mr. Ben amin here quoted from a speech
oi Daniel Webster, III the Rhode ls.snd
case 10 show that q convention Of the peo-
pie duly e.-emb,ed had proper authority.
lie Nebster) had sad that E compact
~as not binding on one party unless the
oiLeT parties u II lived up - II. sud that
a compact broken by oue could by broken
by all Mr Benjamin here 4ye;ed from
Mr.. Madison 10 .u-isin his IOsSiou. lie
Benjamin. said that no Ole could find
any article III the Constitution requiring
fJ.cc Ia Je used to coeIIe u State. lie yr-
i-rgel to the old confederation, and s.id
that hiLe states seeded from = for the
re.=cu iuat tie compact LStwern tnsm
Wa mol kept, and finally all the Satacs
secy4-l lut Rhode Island ani North G.
rol.ua. leaving them - foreign States He
claimed this a. = precedent IN Tie iorUla-
t.gu OF the present Constitution 10 show
the right OF State TO seccGe Who was
10 be iLe Judge? II the compact was bro
ken in a pecUniary matter the Couatitu-
tion provided d way 20 settle the matter,
but /: It was broken politically tn. CousGi-
tuition provided no way He read from
the dobatee Of the convention which form
ed the Constitution, TO SHOW that the
members of that convention refused to
make the senate the juGEe oi. OF give the
President tn power 10 veto, the action Of
q State, that they refused 10 give toagre
the power 10 negative State legislation, and
thai they specially refused 10 give amy
. YCSer 10 cosice States; Vet when the
/ State conventions came 10 ratliy the Con
-titu,iOI, complaints We're made that the
St%tes were not sufficiently secure. Ii
must be admitted that ccItsin political
rights are guaranteed the states, but when
i.tkese richts are denied, where ! tie rene
dy? Suppose that South Carolina should
/ send two Senators here. and t,!e majority
! should refuse to receive but one, what
power can compel that majority to repair
/ that wrong? Suppose that South Carolina
! should then retire from the Union, who
/ could say it was Il violation of the Con=ii-
/ tutioa? Suppose again that a wrong j.
perpet,sted which does not appear quite
/ clear 10 the North, but does appear clear
! to South Carolina. SUI pose She Is denied
[ access 20 the territories, Il she without any
/ remedy under the Constitution? II there
/ is none, then sne must he judge OF the
! wroag and the mode OF redress. lie read
an extract from an address delivered by
John Quiucey Adams, in New ork, il
| 1855. in which he said nations themselves
must be the sole judge whether compac;s
arr. broken, and also saying that when ell
traternal feeling was gone between The
States, then 1t was time TO seperate IN
peace and return to their original stale
lie (Beniamin) said that sectional Pres-
dent had been elected, who could with
the aid OF a sectional Senate, grant ali the
benefits to and appoint from one section
all tilc oliCCls III 'iic Siit Vi me govern
ment and thus ruin the South. Suppose
that South Carolins, in believing that
wrong has been done her, still that does
not alter the issue whether he shall per-
nit her 10 withdraw or force her back
In reply to the Senator from Wisconsin
(Mr. Doolttle,) he (Benjamin) claimed
that a citizen was bound to obey lis State
government. The Republican Senators
say they will not coerce State, but en-
force the laws against individuals. But
how can they punish an individual in
State for treason? Where are they to
find judge and jury to do so, when all
the citizens IN the State think that he has
done right? He (Beniamin) said they
could not blockade port without declar-
ing war; They could not embargo one
port without closing the other. He claim
ed that neither Congress nor the Presi
dent had power to go into the State with
military force, without the intervention
of the civil power. Some civil process
must precede the military force. He ar
gued that they could not collect the reve-
nue. by force. Threats were only a pre-
text to cover up the real question, which
! was 20 other than this: Shall we acknowl-