The Tipton advertiser. [volume] (Tipton, Cedar Co., Iowa) 1856-1962, 1861-08-08
From the n. Y. World !
MIL TAkY DEFINITIONS.

Our newspapers have Of late been filled
with military phrases, aud these, like a /
technical terms, are uniutcliyib'c to the
many. "What y.,cu"s may be" said
Mr. M'cawoer. IL AN not exactly aware"
ihe public has as dim ideas OF warlike
details as Micawb-r had Of the daisies.
and even the Tribune nj yht be- puzzl, d ia
tell ~ter"ln an cnfiade dltfeis from an
e>p''"a,ie, Or what kind or cannon is al,
'nbra>u1e. Thp>c civilians whv wish f.,
lea rn something Of the military prof, ssion
! n'torc hnr',iny on to Richmond, viii
ana many OF their misconceptions re,nnv
ID 'y reir'cnce to The military dictionary
OF Got H. l.. Scott, II book on which
the f"ll"wIn. observations are based:
No'tM L"v is Que of those vague
terms used 10y every one and understood
by few But as wherever our arni,s 90
martial law must be AT least partially rr-
"'eKn Dc kn5WS Us P9Hffs 70 a a4a ID , df val s4 a
military commander must have Certain
extraordinary powers, watch in time Of
pe"c. would justly be called ,y,annical
f"eSe powers are limited by the Cunsti-
'utlo" Of the United States so that the
effect of martial law is not to subject CT
iz"ns to trial hy courts martial but mere
" to deprive the writ OF hnLenx corpus
ii its force. In Baltimore, for instance,
General Banks has the right simply to
'mprison or otherwise detain ciriz"ns
considered d.nserous. but no further
punishment can b. inflicted upon IA su>-
pe':ed p r>on until be is found guilty
10y the ordinary civil comt> Martial
law has further powrrs, beyond the Uni
I'd States. or in an enemy's country -
The municipal laws have then no author.
ty, aud, III the absence Of laws made by
Con: rrss, the commander curnpards.
prohibits aud punisl,s as bis own iud -
nent dictatcs. Martial law is, therefore
rs General Scott declared it in Mexico,
ian u"Wr'tten code as an addition to the
wrtftr" military code prescribed BY Con.
-ress in the rules and articles Of war,
and which unwritten code all armies. in
hostile countries, are forced to adopt not
only for their own safety but for the pro
lection OF the uu"tfcudlng inhabitants
ud their pr"p"r'y'
-M1'tnry L"m, s. frequently confused
with martial. in popular parlarc", is to-
ally different. It is COMPRISED Of al,
those laws passed by Congress for the
creation, government, rc eu,ation and sup
port of armies
&'of,yy nod Tac'ics are two unfor-
r"natr wordS used p .pularly as synonyms
Tie distinction is obvious aud should BE-
.""eral'y known Strategy is the ar, OF
r'ucert'ng a p'n Of campi-n-a system
oi operations determined by the "hjrc,
If the war. the character OF the enemy,
he nature OF the country. and the means
Of attack or defense Tactics is the art
It handling troops it provides for army
organization fixes the proportions OF
'"fan'ry, cavalry. artillery; governs the
method Of attack aud defense. and ex-
,minrs the nature Of weapons The close
connection "f the two arts makes i, too
easy to confuse their natures, aud true
discrimination is more necessary. Ip -
report Of the battle of Carthage it is said
that 'the officers If the rebel troops
showed great bility in their maneuvres
sud much strategic skill" 1t is plain
the writer should have said mc,;cm Skin. |
AL0''s are rows Of fell, trees dep,iv
ed "f their smaller branches. the remain
der interlaced and eup'"yed fur the de-
tense Of red"nbts. isolated posts, or for
blocking mp ada.
4" AJntnnt General is the principal
organ If the commander Of an army in
publishing orders lie has the ch rye
OF the army correspondence. etc, and +,
among his active duties are the cstab
lishme"t Of c'mps. in~p"c ion. cnn,rol of
prisoners. and making reron"o,cnnces
Ambulance. are fyin" hospitals for the
conveyance Of the wounded with the
march Of the army.
BnrheYe Guns are said 10 be in bar.
bette when they are so elevated that.
instead Of firing through embrasures,
they can he fired over the crest Of the
para~et tn" re- ult is wider range
EmLrnsure-An embrasure is an open
ing cut 10 the parapet. through which |
the cannon in fort is fred
R'.4 of Oy'~rnt;"ns-A secure line Of
frontier or fortresses. from which advsn
ces are made and upon which troops may
retreat.
Byeves-In tho United States armv