davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Edgefield advertiser. [volume] (Edgefield, S.C.) 1836-current, 1861-01-30
Notice. No. 3.

NOH' IS TIE TINE TO SAI'E rOGR BACON
VENlIlRD umd last call to All who are snywisc in
4 debtcl to the Estate Of 4. X. Able. deed.
You must maze payment Or satisfactory ar
raag-leuts with m- by the lD:h fehr'' -
il not you will have To- settle witt, Il ..sy.
Il. u. BRl.,, Ex'or.
Jan 20 It
Edgefield advertiser. [volume] (Edgefield, S.C.) 1836-current, 1861-01-30
ORTTU Y.

DIED, Mt the residence of her husband, DR.. y.
W. ALLEN. on the 18th of January, Mrs. NJ. L.
ALLEN. aged - years.
For weeks previous to her DEATH her suteIinsS
were intense, but these she bare with Christian
for,itulc and u,tokQosl She was conscious of her
approaching end, and died apparently eng cei in
prayer.
She was baptized in 1850 by Rev. A. p, Norris,
md continued to the time vi her death II consis-
.cTt member Of the BAPTIST Church oae 20
amiable, so sc:,;!e, meek, aud - uauhtrusvely
pi,us, could not fail to win tbs esteem AND colh-
dence of all who knew her Intimately.
4 large circle uf kindred and friends, devoted
husband, aul four children kecnly feel her loss.
but they have the sweet consolation that sac has
gone, to bs lever with the Lord and to j"in
thusu of the family circe wio have already cn-
tered the :" Better Land. fn!&Sh.
DEPARTED this life, December the 18TH lsdo.
after an illness of five lays, aged one year ten
months and Eighteen days ZiLP!iA Ci.ARRA.
daughter of T. II. and HARRIET Il. kESSELY "i
Eigciic! District.
Lit;l. Z:LrmA was too pure for esr.h ami hns
gone 10 dwell forever with him who said suffer
little Children to come uatn ms. Farewell, fWect
Babe, may we meet thee III heaven
Wherefore should make nay uoan,
Now the darling child is dead
She /, Early res; is gone.
She 70 paradise is He'd
.hu:l go to her. i I she
Never .Iull return TO ms.
AFRIEND.
DrEp, January the 9th 1851, Mrs MAHALEH
BARTON wife ~ BENJAMIN BARlON, i'll the
f:ty-thirl year Of her ngs
She has e'r II brreaycd husband ami three chll.
drcn to nourn their irreparablr "ss. The character
OF Mrs. BARTON is not easily t"ld. She was de-
voted wife, kind mother. aud faithful friend. II WAS
indeed hard to part wi,k her. whom so dearly
loved. She shared iag.ly with the po .r, and
will he missed for fifteen Ines around in her
pciyhborood. Her mild and aninhl. disposition
and kindness of heart towards AL with whom she
held intercourse Won f.r ;cr unIuaihed respect
md esteem. Among large tnnliy conntctinn
she wa the object Of ar lea; affection and rcgarl
In the halluwcd scenes Of domestic retirement.
and in the discharge of her tene. duies OF wife
and mDtncr. her virtae suno forth with increased
lnvelinrss. II WIS in ths sphere more pan ticuar-
ly that the lie i;htfu influence of her character
was seen AMI falt She hal hc:n consistent mem
Der Of the Bapt-t Church for some time, and
walk, earnestly in the paths OF religion until the
close OF her li.c In this view her character was
one of r,kiry intcres. and beauty. meek and
luyly follower of Christ, she WAS unobtrnslve III
her habits and opinions, and said hut little except
to her dearest friends that su'ject OF MI others
n.are.. I /, her heart We shou Il not gricve Tor
her She is me, aud is now participating i'll the
j,ys "f paradise. lninsling her sweet voice in TINT
h,avea!y choir siuginS nntaelut "t praise 10 u"'.
u,
Edgefield advertiser. [volume] (Edgefield, S.C.) 1836-current, 1861-01-30
Fresh Groceries

For the N ew Year
~ PENN, Agent, has ju,t received and io
1Ls sale low for Cash,
Fine Rio and OLD java COFFEE:
Fine Black md Green TEAS;
Coffee and Brown SUGARS;
Crushed and Pu!vprised SUGAR;
Clarified SUGARS, A. Z. und G.
Fine SYRUP and M0LASsES;
Fine English Diary CHEESE;
Goshen BUTTER Of very superior quality;
Frufh Soda, Butter md Sugar CRACKERS;
Fine Fresh RICE;
Apple and White Wine VINEGAR;
POWDER, SHOT and LEAD, &C., &c.
Jun2 Il %
Edgefield advertiser. [volume] (Edgefield, S.C.) 1836-current, 1861-01-30
The State of South Carolina
GREENIILLE DISTRICT.
iN ORDINARY.

james VI. SULLIVAN,
r. BW Jar rnr. d Reii:f.
Harriet NJ. Child ct al.
VsY virtue Of the Decree nf the lIon +. II. Ward
I'D law Associate Justice of the Court of Appcnls,
in the ubuvc stated Case, made nj Chambers on
the 9Th day December a. d. 1860, will expose
for sale ut acc Depot" on tho tireenvlle and Co.
luu;hiR Enron'l. On the jirs' Hea"..H"y ntfcr the
frs: N"nd"y ia February ne.rt.
The TRACT OF LAND described -" VI"
ings If this Case. continuing 9l5 aeEes, \. 20 or
lrs4, situated on IInndley's Creek, in Edsefcld
District. adjoining lands of barnett Williams,
Carter, Yuungblood, and others; and more eXten-
.iy.ly described in the deeds of William Shaw,
deceasnd
TERMS.-A sufficient amount 10 pay costs
must be paid in cash. The halunce to he secured
by bonds with sufficient surrtie., conditioned to
pny the same in r,luat mnnunl instruments, III one
nni two years, with Interest fran date.
WN. NJ. THOMAS, C.EG.D.
Commrs. Office. Dee IL, 1861 At
Edgefield advertiser. [volume] (Edgefield, S.C.) 1836-current, 1861-01-30
Cash and Cash Only /!

TEy;lE Subscriber having n"vr'i bis 5 LOCK OF
4 GROCERIES, &c tu tiIe Carrier "i Jeacr'
son aal Srann Street tu the Store Rom former
Iy occupied by Wilt llu!s"n. will he happy to
whit on hi. friends ari cus;"lrcrs who msh Ia
buy Family Groceries Ivr tae CASH.
Que AMI NJ! OF my cus;ulnrr< VII" have been
ettn: their Supplies leS days time arc .aru.
r$ly lc,lur:tc,l Ia cull alu settle very s"un. is
must have !nyl:ny.
l.. 4. COGBrRN.
Edgefield advertiser. [volume] (Edgefield, S.C.) 1836-current, 1861-01-30
TO Hire.

A GOOD FAINTER to Lrrhy the d"y. month
n yvar. rr by the iut. II: is Tu.'i for the
hes; Carriage and Coach Painting, liou,s rs!n,-
ing. Glnz ng, H.
Alsu. guvd HARNESS MAKER to hire by
lite rr"tii Or year alter the 1t February next.
wil! deliver nny q"nntity ot round pine who'd
in the HilIag", ut lullar u:s'l fifty rrtts for -
four horse load. JOHN HtlEr.
Ian Il II
Edgefield advertiser. [volume] (Edgefield, S.C.) 1836-current, 1861-01-30
State of South Carolina,
EDGEFIELD DISTRICT,

DYW.P. Durisoe, Esq, Ordinary of Edgcaeld
ID District.
Whereas, II. T. Wright, Esq., has appliedt to me
for Letters of Administration, Oh ul and singular
the goods aud chattlc<, rights and credit. of Scar
borough Broalwater, late Of the District uiUrc.
said, deceased
These are, therefore. t" cite and ndm"nish all
and singular, the kindred nn' cre,litorsof the said
deceased, 10 he aud appear before me, ut our next
Urdinarys Court for the said District, to DC holden
ut E.lscield Court IIuuss un the ith dly Of Feb,
nost, 10 show caute, if any, why the said admin
i.;ratun SHOULD not be granted.
Given under my hand and seal this oltt day Of
JAN. in the year of Lord one thousand eight
hundred nud sixty.onc, md in the eighty Eth
year Of Amcricau Independence.
", =. DURISoE, o.E.p.
Edgefield advertiser. [volume] (Edgefield, S.C.) 1836-current, 1861-01-30

l3:h June, ELIZA EoSSALL, .ntro..', n"B.
9Th June, SGoSra., l.ehty, Sept. ~
18th July. +. Sr. PiEREE, Te,Scr, Oct. w
18th Aug, JouH FRASER, Hertest, Oct. 80.
aThesv three dates made t. approximate fi
the cnnvrrie,cc Of Importers fri The F.li trade.
Future arrangements will be daily uIrertirsd.
Mny Il ml* ~
Edgefield advertiser. [volume] (Edgefield, S.C.) 1836-current, 1861-01-30

s9-rhc Fricads of NJ j. 5. Il. BLOCKER
nc4iasta him Candidate for COLONEL of the
Gtb Res;mcat, s. C. 81, to Gil ttr vacancy Of Co.
bat Moss.
Ian 20 st
Edgefield advertiser. [volume] (Edgefield, S.C.) 1836-current, 1861-01-30
FRESH GOODS

For the New y ear !!
yEyuE Subscriber announces in III. numrruu:
Il customers, thar he las JUST REPlESi1H
ED his Stock with many new and d"s;ratls
Goods Suited 10 the Season,
Which r.akes lis Stuck very cou,plelo aud read.
for the opening Of the New Years :rade. whici,
will Le ssld on reasonable terms :, punrtual GUS
TONERS.
A very LIBERAL discount viii to made Oh casl
Lills.
c:sy Groceries sold for sash only
I. Penn, Agent.
Jnn2 Il %
Edgefield advertiser. [volume] (Edgefield, S.C.) 1836-current, 1861-01-30
Charleston.and Liverpool
SAILING PACKETS!

REGULAR LINE.
YVyIE Undersigned beg I" announce that the,
Il have made arrangements for line of l..
ING PACKETS between the shnre poin.., b.!
which every facility in regularity and speed vii
be given to shippers.
Edgefield advertiser. [volume] (Edgefield, S.C.) 1836-current, 1861-01-30
NOTICE! I!

a LII persons indebted to the Estute of Anon
N Lindsey, deed, are notified to make itnmedi-
u,e payment ~ his debts uust he puid.
NJ. FRAZIER. EI'or.
Jan 30 q
Edgefield advertiser. [volume] (Edgefield, S.C.) 1836-current, 1861-01-30
NOTICE.

yuyIIE death of Col. CHRISTIE renders it ne
Il cessary that the business lately commenced
by us in Hamburg should be closed up ut IN
unrly date. Therefore. all persons who have made
bills with the l"use are earnestly requested 10
cl"se them by the lcth Of February
From and after this ,latc will i.sell the entire
Stock of Merchandise, (Which is fresh and desi-
rublc,) ut prime COST FOR CASH. or Bank
Note. W. j. BUTLER survivor.
Hamburg, jan II 81
Edgefield advertiser. [volume] (Edgefield, S.C.) 1836-current, 1861-01-30
NOTICE.

yg,uE Firm of A. j. PELLETIER & co..
4 Druggists and Apothecaries in the Town Of
Hamburg, was this, the Tth dny of January 1861,
dissolved hy mutual consent. The Bo"ks Mites
AID Accounts will be found in the hands of A. j..
pELLETIER, who olonc is authorized to settle
the business Of tho late firm.
L. J. DELPHI.
A. J. PELLETIER.
IInmbnrg Jam I. 1851. #
Edgefield advertiser. [volume] (Edgefield, S.C.) 1836-current, 1861-01-30

Bland { Butler vs.. Lewis Cuynr; john Huiei
W. The Same and james Edison; Fnriprs uther
Plaintiff. rs The Snuc. One Negro GiIl Alan'ln,
the properly Of the DcIvndunt Lewis C"vnr.
Term. Cush. LEW Is JOAES, S.E'p.
Jan 12 1851. 4tG
Edgefield advertiser. [volume] (Edgefield, S.C.) 1836-current, 1861-01-30
ISAAC T. ROBINSON.
List of Letters

nEMAIHING in tho Pcs. niEco s.- 81. go
Edgefield advertiser. [volume] (Edgefield, S.C.) 1836-current, 1861-01-30

Jan I I
Union County star and Lewisburg chronicle. [volume] (Lewisburg, Pa.) 1859-1864, 1861-02-01

the profession. Special PREPARATION 10 meet
their vari, us classes is regarded by them es-
sential 10 success. They teach more orally.
and depeI d less upon the textbook. They
have rcndere general but not entire satisfac-
ton. The cause OF the failures may be sum-
med up thus Irregularity IN attendance, and
want Of system in school management
"Have learned all thai is necessary for teach
erS To know"-lnsiuules are humbues s-"on-
ly inlend 10 teach this winter-want of deci-
sion. For want of self government. fail 10
govern the school; the parents knop that the
teacher can't get along with their children /;
the children hear these remarks, and believe
ihem-the teacher realizes the truth.
Scio0i Directors are beginning 10 see the IN
pOrtauce of employing teachers whose expe-
rlcnce and preparation recommend ihem' oi
regular visits 10 their different schools, OF en-
couragng teachers 10 attend Institutes. and OF
cooperating with them in their arduous duties.
School Houses are gradually undergoing
changes for the better. All do not yet belong
To the FIRST class. few are still in the third
class, but are fast diminishing in number.
The school directors Of New Berlin have
purchased the old Union county court house,
and are now fitting II up for the use o; their
sc huOlS.
Institutes Of our county institute held IN
Mihiinburg, need not tell you. as you, Mr.
Hickokl were there 10 cheer US by your in-
siructive address during the evening. and your
encouraging remarks during the day session.
The inclination OF the scholars 10 pass over
the necessary primary studies. still lind too
much encouraged al home, and not sufficient
Is guarded against by some Of the teachers.
TIE cure Of this evil has cost us more time
and abor than any other defect IN our schools.
1t has been our policy to have the elementary
branches well understood by The pupils, before
permitting them to take up higher branches.
Taking into consideration the opposing ele-
mentS. and the slow development Of the hu-
man mind. We have reason 10 be satisfied with
the past. and TO hope for still more improve
meni IN the future. ID. HEcKEsDohS.
Union County star and Lewisburg chronicle. [volume] (Lewisburg, Pa.) 1859-1864, 1861-02-01
Learning by Experience.

A gentleman recently arrived IN this ci-
ty from a Southern State, bringing with
him letter to a lady who stands at the
head of one of our female seminaries.
This letter was from the father Of two
young ladies who we're pupils in the Sem
mary, aud it requested, in a tone both un-
gentlemanly aud uukind, the immediate
return Of his daughters to their Southern
home, in the care of the gentleman who
bad presented the letter. Upon learning
the contents and tone Of this communica-
ton, the bearer Of it was himself surprised,
and apologized for its writer, BY saying,
that, in the section of the South where he
resided, it had been represented that PHI
aaelphia uas under moJ iac; that its
banks and its -four ware-houses uere guar
de by soldiers; and that unioersal dtsor-
der ruled the hour! After talking tho
matter over with the Principal, the mes
sepger concluded to take the responsible
~ Of leaving the young ladies in their
present position. But the indignant aud
insulted "school marm" said No! she
would no, be under any obligations to a
man who had insulted her with suspicious
Of her integrity as the guardian Of his
daughters. The messenger demonstrated,
but in vain, and, feeling that this region
was far more safe aud proper place for
those young ladies than closer proximity
to Fort Sumter, be sought for other ac-
commodations for them.
To correct any misapprebension that
may exist on this matter, We may here be
permitted to say, that Philadelphis never
to a greater ex,eut than now merited the
name of the Getty of BrOtherly Love"
There is perhaps less business stirring, and
perhaps more suffering among the poor,
than usual, but the difference Gf any, Is
hardly noticeable, and in both these re-
spec,s We are better off than at this time
three years ago. Money is abundant.
The banks grant all the specie that is
needed for the operations Of trade.
Already, in this city and throughout
the State, We notice preparations for the
Spring Trade. Men are beginning to
coun. on the stability and permanency Of
this great nation, and are making their
usual business arrangements; and though
not unin,erested in the portentous sky
that lowers above US, the people are COM
ing to see the necessity and the duty OF
standing hopefully, as well as firmly, for
the preservation aud integrity Of the Gov
ernment and the noble Constitution under
which we have enjoyed prosperity as
manifest to all nations as it has been un-
paralleled in their history. Let us rever-
emily thank God, and, as true men, take
courage. We still think there is future
for THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
PLiyn1ey,,Li1 Christian Chronicle
Union County star and Lewisburg chronicle. [volume] (Lewisburg, Pa.) 1859-1864, 1861-02-01
Views of an English Journal.

The proposal Of Secession is SO wild, so
absurd, ,ha. it could not be put forth BY
men sensible enough to conduct public af.
fairs unless they we're SO dishonest Is to
be unworthy Of the trust. The threat is
either an outbreak of mad passion, or de-
vice to obtain concessions from the fears
and affections of the North. If the citi-
-ens Of tie Free States are firm, frank, and
stcady, there uW be no secession, organized
and actual, or there ~iV presently be oPpli-
cation for re-admissiOH to the Onion. We,
a, a distance, can see how steadiness and
patience on the part Of the victorious par
ty might convert this "Revolution" into
Reformation and, though We can hardly
erpec. SO pure result Of the present fer
meutation Of passions, We may refuse to
despair Of it.-L9ndon Ntrs, Jan. /.
Union County star and Lewisburg chronicle. [volume] (Lewisburg, Pa.) 1859-1864, 1861-02-01
Chr Star au0 Cbronifle.
MONDAY. JAN. Is. 1851.

.Psrsaas making up Cabs for tts
cr,a 4 CHRONICLE, hare until Feb. Court
- adj 10 their Lists ant ply IN. Among
,5o,, rho hure Subscription Papers esd;
o,b,,. in ana near Le,cisJurg) are
EC,mmOn, and CCa~iey, Wlnfeld-td": smith
~ EcrIIu-p. \. kcr>t. laurelion-Ja's J. ha,>er'
r,r,lr,ou-JDForrcy. Mifinhurs-eN. himmei-
..,,S Firmrr>,iIlc-J. N'trci:ht. Bun. \ R'aa>-al
ksI, gsad>-L 7. Albright. hishto"n-,nrrrj
sIorr. Nes Columbia -pa!e'mans' "es' hli'on-
and perhaps others not remembered al!
r;.s,pr our paper az Club rates. copies
f,,s5ml 70 copies for SlO-can probably
l.zs a ch,uce at any of those places.
Union County star and Lewisburg chronicle. [volume] (Lewisburg, Pa.) 1859-1864, 1861-02-01
Information Wanted About Secession.
NV YopK. Dec. 81, 1850.

NtW DcC ol. lCuu.
DeGr M Times-I am a woman, and there
fore ignorant, but should like 10 be enlIght-
ened. II Secession Is rich, and lawful, why
can not secede from my husband! p! He has
always been kind and indulgent, even 10 my
faults; bu, he may abuse me: and would mol
it be well 10 separate now, before any covert
act" shall be committed, know thatl prom
ised 10 "love and honor him while life lasted Z;
bat, that was long time ago; and, since then,
he is changed in many respects-wears whIs-
kers, and Is bigger, and stronger, and there
fore feel justified IN Withdrawing. Besides,
as il was "only compact and voluntary al
that, of course have a right 10 Withdraw
from it al pleasure. ! hardly know how to
manage the children and our debts, but We
mus, divide them IN some manner. You
needn't try to reason with me, for my mind is
made up, and have threatened 1t for years.
NV only wish is to separate peacefully, and
no, make a fuss and break things. II you
can give me any information as to the modus
operandi Of dissolving my matrimonial union,
| shall be very grateful. Yours truly,
IrursuA ASN BROwN.
Union County star and Lewisburg chronicle. [volume] (Lewisburg, Pa.) 1859-1864, 1861-02-01
"NOw | lay me down to Sleep"

1t is stated that JOHN QUINCY ADAMS
remarked, when fourscore years old, that
he bad no recollection of ever retiring for
the night without repeating the simple
lines which bis mother taught him when
he was a very little child, and which go
many mothers besides her taught their
children
"Now lay me down to sleep,
! pray the Lord my soul to keep,
II 4 should die before wake.
lprsy the Lord my soul to take"
At home and abroad, on the sea and on
the land, 10 the Presidential mansion and
in bis own private dwelling, wherever be
laid himself down for rest, be closed no,
his eyes in sleep till be had repeated these
lines.
This fact reveals the character Of The
man. He never hesitated to acknowledge
his belief in Supreme Being, and iu bis
own dependence upon Him for guidance
and protection. He commenced the day
with reading the Scriptures, and closed it
with the words Of prayer, throug II all the
scenes of his varied and protracted life.
This fact also reveals to US the greatness
Of mothers influence, and the permaueu-
cy Of her early instructions. He was IA
yorcd with one Of the best Of mothers, and
she spared no pains in teaching him his
duties, both to God and man; and his
firm adherence to whs, he believed to be
right, and the fearless advocacy Of it, were
the fruits Of her instruction. And the Of
fering up Of that simple prayer at night,
for SO many years, be traced to the same
source.
Bu, was thinking Of others, who had
learned this prayer, and who have often
repeated it, and if they should "die before
they wake" see but little ground for hope
respecting them. l speak not now Of
natural sleep, but that spiritual sleep into
which SO many prOfessed Christians have
fallen. remember many men, and few
women, who once thought they were con-
verted, and others thought SO, for they
gave signs Of spiritual life and activity.
There was every indication that their ac-
tions we're in harmony with the words they
uttered.
3u. ceasing all further effort, and dis
missing all care about spiritual things, to
sleep they went, and they are asleep still
Some of these we're members Of our church
Our minister tells them often, "Now it j:
high time that ye wake out of Sleep
they partially wake, but they want 50 little
more slumber," aud SO they commence
again that everlasting lullaby Snow !
lay me down to sleep" l suppose there
are many of this class, besides those whom
have known. 1t has been intimated
that there are some such in al our church.
es. l hope it is not SO, but possibly i!
Christian Herald.
Union County star and Lewisburg chronicle. [volume] (Lewisburg, Pa.) 1859-1864, 1861-02-01
The Best Compromise.

The very best Compromise, (says the
Reading Journal) to overcome existing
difficulties and troubles, and ensure fu-
ture peace and harmony, is to uphold the
Constitution as the supreme law of the
land, and rigidly enforce its provisions.
1, is quite good enough as it stands, and
equal to every emergency, if its plain let
ter and spirit be carried out. 1t gives to
our Southern brethren the full measure of
their righ.s-ahd surely, when they have
both branches of Congress, with the Judici-
ary power Of the Government to cOnstrue
its provisions in their favor whenever
called upon, they can have nothing to
complain. 1t was only few months ago
We were told that the Constitution carried
slavery everywhere, and it has not changed
since then.
This is no time to change the Constitu-
lion Of the country, no time to patch ii up
to please set Of traitors arrayed against
its plainest aud most obvious provisions.
We do not believe the people of the coun-
try will permit it to be touched, or desc
Grated to the propagation and extension of
slavery on this continent. That would be
behind the spirit of the age, and if its ac-
complishment were possible, in moment
of excitement, the sober reaction would
soon come, when freemen every where
would spurn and repudia,e provision so
detrimental to human liberty and progress.
No-let Us treat Slavery with respect only
SO far as the rights Of our Southern breth-
rem are concerned. Let US have regard to
their rights of property, as recognized by
their laws-return their fugitives, and do
all that kind and brotherly feeling re.
quires, but at the same time, in the Ian
suage of the noble HENRY CLAY-''nerer,
NEVER, NEVER, by cord or deed, Iy acl
or ciU, consent that one rood Of free Terri:
tory shall be 9iren Over to the everlasting
curse Of HUMAN BONDAGE"
Union County star and Lewisburg chronicle. [volume] (Lewisburg, Pa.) 1859-1864, 1861-02-01

Secession is not new dodge. II was
invented By the Roman plebeians, who bad
periodical f's Of Withdrawing from the city
and threatening to set up for themselves,
urless the pa,riciaus yielded to their de-
mands. They had better cause, bo.ee-
er, than their modern imitators, and in
tha. respec, the parallel fails, as it may,
.lso as regards the success of the latter.
Union County star and Lewisburg chronicle. [volume] (Lewisburg, Pa.) 1859-1864, 1861-02-01

1t is a singular fact, says ST. Louis
paper, that on a certain portion Of the H.
linois prairies corn is being used as fuel iu
lieu of coal, and is found an excellent sub
stitu,e. Ia the districts referred to, corn
is l2i cents per bushel, and coal ID tc IL
cents. Not only is the difference in price
in favor Of the corn, but bushel Of it
gives more heat than a bushel of coal.