Nashville union and American. [volume] (Nashville, Tenn.) 1853-1862, 1861-07-11

George county, were seen in the neighborhood of
WoodlaWn, near Mount Vernon, last evening. Two
regiments of South Carollnians are reported in
the neighbOrhood of Springfield Station nine miles
from Alexandria.
Robert Bell Jr-, has been appointed deputy col
lector at Alexandria.
TIE STRENGTH or TIE 7. s. ARMY.
WASHINGTON, July st Is aseertained that after
the discharge of the three months troops there will
be still an available force Of volunteers amounting
10 dSV,OOO men, which added to the regular army,
VIII constitute total force of $50 600 officers and
men. 1t viii be Tor Congress to determine whether
the army shall be at this time increased to an addi-
ton Of still larger volunteer force.
The probable total amount required for the army
added to the appropriation made for the year end
ing with june 1860 for the force now in the field
or which has been accepted and will be in service
within the next twenty daysis about $IS5, 800 GOO
The estimates for the navy are large but the ex-
act figures are not yet exhibited.
The Secession OF the Fractional Parts OF
Tennessee and Virginia.
From the Importance of this subject we solicit
for this communication deliberate perusal We
never address the public except upon questions of
State or national Importance. and then never in a
discourteous manner. We shall attempt TO prove
that the contemplated dsintegration of the States
OF Tennessee and Virginia is subversiye of all GOV
eminent and ViOstive of all law. To do so effectu.
ally we must be some hat analytical in our discus
First What is State in its ordinary acceptation?
Nan is political well as a social animal Hence
all men, in all ages. have had rules or laws-those
that made and those that obeyed them-those that
judged and those that were judged-those that ex-
ereised and those that Obeyed Dowers-C bieftians
and followers, Princes and subjects Magistrates and
citizens-always superiOrs and interiors The
helplessness of infancy and old age. and the sick
ness and Infirmties of manhoodir eontestaby prove
that man cannot 1--we isolated and alone. Hence he
-. on1h
tuaI dependence with his fellow man-in relations
of right and iusuce-controlled by laws viii. n
guide his actiOns-obedient to authority which en-
forces these laws if not willingly obeyed and de-
cldes when the interests and rights of individuals
clash with each other. 4 State therefore Is col
lectlve body composed of a multitude of individu-
ais united tJgether in mutual dependence for their
common security and protection, compelled to act
together as one individual and impelled so to act
by one uniform will or rule.
JFhGt Is Sovereign State 1t is a State that can
enact civil laws, which regulate all the rights and
conduct of its own citizens among themselyes-po-
htlcal laws, which establish the form. or fundas
mental principles, Of goyeFnment-the manner
which the public authority is to be exercised, and
the regulation of all its external relations with for
eign nations When State can thus act independ-
ent Of all others, it is then Sovereign State
But what is Sovereign psJ0er IN q state 1t is the
efiuence and confluence of all pOwer-the fountain
from, and to, which euenates and terminates all
out any source impreserptable in the nature of man
as absolutely necessary society and in existence
cneVal with it. In absolute monarchies sovereign
power exists in the menarch-in sristocracies such
as formerly were Venice and Genoa, in lordly no.
bles-in Republics such as the North American and
ancient Athens in the people. Thus in tie Soye-
reign States OF America their collective caBdcdy
as States and not in their separate parts as counties
towns, or civil districts the sovereign power resides
IN the people Sovereign power in State is insep-
araah "a and I'D Tw~aAn k,11 Il
divided into fractional parts-such as towns civil
districts or countles-it belongs the entire people
OF State as whole, and not to the people Of a d.
vision as a part
Are the several States of the Northern and South
ern ConteCeracy Independent and sovereign? They
are sovereign and independent in all things not
surrendered n ttn constitution IF these GO7crn>
mel Is, and Jnsidered on general principles By
each as foreign States, though indeed their mutual
relations are more Of domestic independence than
of fore On alienation.
But what relation do the divisions. such as towns /
counties and civil districts of which each State is
composed. bear to their respective States? They
are in every respect dependent creatures of the /
sovereign States. They cannot exist in territorial
metes and bounds they cannot elect q single officer
lay any tax exercise any functions of authority
or power without the express sanction of the SOW
eregn legislative authority Of the State. Suppose /
all the people Of a congressional or civil district
were to remove out Of the State would this de- |
pie Of State over this uninhabited portioz There
fore all sovereign or independent power of these |
fractions CT counties towns and civil districts are /
merged in, and absorbed by the supreme and SOW. /
erelgn authority of the whole people of a State
If this be true, upon what principle of coDstitu-
tiOnal law any fragment of the States Of VIr- !
GINA or Tennessee exercise the sovereign and in
dependent power, for any cause, to declare them
selves independent of these States, and annex /
themselves to any Federal Government to which
their States do not belong?
Again, the States or the people thereof have
created the Federal Government. and so too they
have created all their divisions counties and towns
But while they have parted with sumo of their
sovereign powers for national purposes to the two
Federal Governments, they have not parted |
with a single attribute or power of SOW |
srelgnty iFreVOcably to any county town or /
,iTil district within their envirOns. Again il !
5 stated in the Constitution, or in the Declaration
If Rights OF every State in this Union that all free
Governments are founded upon the authority of the
people, and instituted for their peace safety and
happiness, and as all power is inherent in them
hey have the inalenable and indefeasible right to
liter, reform and abolish, the government in such
manner as they may think proper And it is I'M
Ter this undesirable constitutional right and author
ty, that the seeded States have separated from the
Northern Abolition COnfederacy. But in what
tate Constitution has any bill of rights declared
hese imprescriptable these inaIenable powers
we're reserved to, and could be exercised by the
",
riot? Hence the doctrine that county or several
ounties Oh towns have as much right to secede j
rom State as State from the Federal Govern
lent is perfectly absurd.
Again. To prove most conclusively that the peo-
lie of East Tennessee and West Virginia, or those
+ county or town have right whatever to {
rect for themselves within the jurisdiction Of these
tates a separate independent government, or to I
mite the fragments of other States and form such
State without the express Legislative sanction of c
le sovereign people of these States we will cite
le highest authOrIty-the Constitutions of the two
ederal Governments. These Constitutions declare a
,Ction Ill, article " THAT State shall be o
rmed or erected within the jurisdiction of any I
her State, nor any State be formed by the il
melton of two or more States or parts Of States, a
it01d the consent qf the LegisatTes Of The States
RceTped, well as Congress" The Com Y
ess of the two Conederacles alone can admit a
w States into their fello wshp but neither Con- il
ess can admit a new State composed Of detached j.
,rtiOns of other States into either Union, without
e sovereign sanction of the Legislature of the v
ates concerned. Thus the Constitutions Of the D
Orthern and Southern CUnfederaey deny the right Ia
ID authority Of the people Of any PORTION of East u
,nnessee and West Virginia, to separate themsel-
s from their respective States without the soyer-
IN sanction of the people of those States express
through their Legislatures S
Again it declared in Article 9Th Of the Consti-
tiOa Of both the Federal Governments that they ci
arantee to every State Republican form of gov d
nment and shall protect each sgaInst foreign in
sion, and application of the Legislature or the ct
ecutive thereof against domestic violence" Here Of
tn the Northern and Southern Confederacy guar Il
tee the sovereignty and integrity of each State 81
tn against foreign enemies, domestic foes This st
Iuse denies to any portion of the people of a T.
ite the right 10 revolt Esiust its sovereign auls
ty EulifV its Ia VS. and erect seDerate indeDeu- 10