Bedford inquirer. [volume] (Bedford, Pa.) 1857-1884, 1861-07-19

The support of which MIR Calhoun advised that
the growth Of the manufacture woald open
new market for the staple of the South, took
the lead. late as 1921 the Legislature of
South Carolina unanimously affirmed the con-
sttntionalitv Of protective duties-and OF all
the States of the Union, Lonisisna has derived
the greatest benefit from this policy in tsct
she owes sugar culture to il, and has for that
reason given it their steady support. In all
the tariff battles while | was member OF
Congress-, few votes were surer fer the policy
than that of I,0uisaBia. Ii the duty on an
article imported is considered as added to its
price ii our market (which, however, is far
from being invariably the easel the sugar duty,
of late, has omounted TO tax Of FIVE millions
Of dollars annually paid BY tho consumer for
the benefit Of the Louisiana pl@n'cr
KING COTTON A CHILD OF THE TARIFF.
As to its beng an unconstitutional policy, il
ia perfectly well known that the protection of
manufactures was leading aud avowed objsot
/ for the formation of the Constitution. The
second law passed By Congress after its forma-
tion was revenue law. lls preamble is as
] follows: sWboreas, il is necessary for the sup
port OF Government, for the discharge Of the
/ debts OF the United States, and The encourage
ment end protection Of manufactures, that
duties be laid on goods, wares and mereheu-
| disc imported" That act was reported to the
House Of Representatives by Mr.. Madison,
who is entitled as much as any one to be call
ed the father Of the Constitution. While il
was pending before the House, and in the first
week of the first session Of the FIRST Congress,
two memorials were presented, praying for
protective duties and it is matter Of some
curiosity to inquire from what part cf the
country this first call came for tiat policy nov
put forward as one of the acts of Northern op-
preston. which Justify the South 10 flying TO
arms. The first of these petitions was from
Baltimore 1t implored the new Government
20 lay protecting dufy on all articles import
ed from abroad, which can be manufactured at
home, The sfcond i0qs from the shipwyights Of
Chariesfon, South Carotiaq, praying tor sach
generai regulation Of trade and the establish
paeat of such nGvigatioB Gc< as tciH reiieCe
tie particular disfrsSses Of tie petitioners, ie
common nth those of their .fetioW shipeorights
throughout The Uaaon' lLaughter and ap
plause.l
But the history Of the great Southern staple
is most curious and instructive. His Majesty,
"king Cotton" on his throne, does not seem
to be aware Of the Influences which surround
ed his cradle. The culture Of cotton, on any
considerable scale, is we il-known to be of re-
cent date 10 America. The household manu-
faciure of cotton was eoeval with the setIle~
rbent of the country. A century before the
piano forte or tho harp was seen on this eonti-
nent the music of the spinning wheel was
heard at every 6reside in the town ane eouu T
The raw materials were wool, fl * and cotton,
the last imported from the West Indies. The
ColOniI system of Great Britiln before the
Revolution forbade the establishment Of any
other than household manufactures Soon
after the Revolution, eotion-mills were erect
ed 10 Rhode Island and Massachusetts,, and
the infant manufacture was encouraged by
State duties on the imported fabric. The raw
material was still derived exclusively from the
West Indies.
Thus, IN the infancy Of the COTTON rsqnufac-
tur's Of the North, at the naomem when
they uere depriged of the projection extended
70 them before the Constitution by State faws,
and tchae they ,0ere struggling against En-
gtish compel ifton under the rapidts inproraag
machinery Of .ArkWrigM, mich 1t tous kighiy
penal 10 export 10 foreign countriss, a henry
burden agis t0id upon them By this protecting
duty, TO enable the planters Of South Caroii-
m and Gsorgia 10 erpiore the tropics, for
uariety Of cotton ssei adapted TO their cit1aafe
For seven years at least, and probably more,
this duty Was 10 every sense Of the word a
protecting duty. There iods not pound of
cotton spun-no, not for candtel01cks TO i,git
the humble industry Of the cottages of Tire
North, Wlich did mol pay this tribute to the
Sontasrn planter. Gheersl The growth Of
the native article, as we have seen, had aot in
10 1874 reached poiet TO be known to Chief
Justice Jay as one of actaaI or probable ex-
port. As late as 1896, the manufacturers of
Brsudywine, ia Delaware, petitioned Congress
tor the repeal Of this duty ou Imported cotton,
aud the petition was rejected on the report Of
a committee, consisting of ulaj1rity from the
Southern States, on the ground "that to repeal
the dnty on raw cotton imported would be to
damp tao growth of raw cotton in our Own
country" Rs1iale and plumule, roof aud
branch, blossom and boil, the culture of the
cotton plant in the United States was 10 its
infsncy the foster child of the protective sys-
TIM [A2pIaase.l
KING COTTON DEBTOR TO THE TARIFF.
Whcn, therefore. the pedigree of King Cot.
ton 1s traced, he is found 10 Re tie tineal child
OF the Tariff; called into 5siag By spes fic
dufg; reared By tar iaid uroa naaufas-
turing industry of tie A'oriA 70 create The
culture Of The ra,0 asaferiat in the South -
The Northern manufacturers of America wero
slightly protected IN 1889, because they were
too feeble 20 stand alone. Reared into inaeai.
tude under the restrictive system aud the war
OF 1872, they were upheld ia 1916 beoanse
they were too important to be sacrificed. and
because the great staple of the South had
JOINT interest in their prosperity. King Cot
too as one, nos in bis manhood, not IN bis
adolescence, not is his infancy, but in his EN-.
oryo state, was peniioned upon the Treasury
before the seed from which ho sprang was