Indiana State sentinel. (Indianapolis, Ind.) 1861-1865, 1861-07-17

protection, which. if they succeed. must operate !
tiemSelves. and be peculiarly oppressive to the
people in the Southern States" Id, D. go.
but the North the stronger, and carried
the tariff of 1924 over the heads of the planting
States The principle Of protection of the North
at the expense of the South. fully inAugu-
rated but the protection of 1924 did not satisfy;
it uhetted the appetite for larger gains; and in
1928. under John q. Adams. the protective raid
eliminated in the tariff enormities of that year.
The bill Of 1898 was . monster of iniquity. Mr..
Bates, now Mr.. Lincons Attorney General, then
a member of Congress from Missouri, denounced.
in most unmeasured terms, both the bill and the
high handed, tyrannlc manner in which it was
forced upon the country. smothering opposition
debate and amendment. while he said the South
were complaining that it would "oppress and
grind them down, and make them hewsrs OF
wood and drawers of water for the spinners and
weavers of the North" "Sr, (said he) do not
believe that, aside from the political excitement
of the times, lartihcally gotten up for the occa-
sion :, aside from the sinister influences and ndi-
rect bearings of the subject. this bill. presented
in its nakedness. to the cool unbiased Judgment
of the House, to be accepted or rejected IS 1t
might advance or retard the real interests OF the
agricultural and manufacturing classes OF this
country, would not find in this Hall fifty men
who would vote for it its own intrinsic merits.
/ may be mistaken in this, but it is my honest
conviction, aud / shall act upon t."-lO Deb.
PIP. IS, AZ.
But the bill was passed. What, now. was the
South to dot Appeal to the sense of justice of
the North to repeal the bill OF what avail
would that bel Justice was word the New
England manufacturers who controlled the North,
did not understand. They comprehended very
well that the bill enabled them to draw from the
| pockets of the Southerners sufficient means to
enable them (the manufacturers) TO divide good
dividends on their manufacturing stock, but it
was very difficult for the Southerners to get an
audience with them on the subject of the justice
of the oper ,tion, and of its being discontinued.
But what was the South to dor The Law was
oppressive and unconstitutional but the South
was in the minority, was the weaker section Of
! the Union. and could not repeal the law.
! How it enriched New England and the North
east generally it's not necessary for US now to 90
| into the statistics to show. We simply point to
the Lords of the Loom, with which the region 10
| filed. They speak for themselves. and the facts
| are of general notoriety.
/ But what was the South to do, She was bound
hand and foot by superior power. and with un-
constitutional bonds; what could she dot She
could protest; and, on Tuesday, February 10,
| 1899 the State of South Carolina presented hers
| to Congress. Read it in the 10Th vol. OF Bent
Deb, at p. 242. But protests were unavailing. 1t
WAS then declared that States oppr essed, might
resist the execution of the law-not secede from
the Union, but resist the law within it; this was
what was called notification. the principle of
which was. perhaps, first proclaimed in the cele
brated report of Mr. Madison and the resolutions
of the Virginia Legislature. of 1883. One Of
these resolutions is follows:
| The General Assembly (of Virginia. doth ex-
pcitly and peremptorily declare that it views the
| powers of the Federal Government resulting
| from the compact 10 which the States are parties,
as limited by the plain sense and intention Of the
| instrument constituting that compact. As no fur
Their valid than they are authorized by the grants
enumerated in that compact. and that, in case OF
deliberate, palpable, and dangerous exercise of
other powers, not granted by the said compact.
the States who parties thereto have the right.
and are in duty bound, to interpose for arresting
the progress of the evil. and for maintaining with
in their respective limits the authorities, rights,
and liberties, appertaining to them" 10 Deb.
p. 425.
General jackson, on the other hand, in his mes
sage on South Carolina notification, contends
that the right asserted in the above resolution can
| not be exercised in the first instance. He says:
| However it may be alleged that violation of
the compact by the measures of the Government.
can affect the obligations of the parties. it not
even be pretended that such violation can be pred
icated of those measures until all the constitution
i al remedies shall have been fully tried. If the
| Federal Government exercises powers not war
j ranted by the Constitution, and Immediately af-
fectng individuals. it will scarcely be denied that
the proper remedy 10 a to the Judiciary"
l2 Deb, D. 49, And he further says. as a COM
plant against the course of South Carolina. Mt
that time, that she knew Of the disposition Of the
Administration to act promptly in redressing her
| grievances at the meeting of Congress.
Did our last, and has our present Congress
manifested disposition to promptly redress
grievances and guaranty the rights of the South?
Will the Republican party now submit to abide
by the decision of the Judiciary, which jackson
says is the proper tribunal! How about the bred
| Scott decisionf
The doctrine of notification differed from Sc
cession in this: The former was resistance to a
law of Congress in the Union; the latter was with
drawing from the Union. Kentucky is now in a
state of notification other Southern States in
that Of secession
Modification was the doctrine combatted by
Mr.. Webster in the great debate, in 1880 on
| Foote'S resolution. He admitted the right OF Sc
cession for cause but denied that of notification
| The States must go Internationally out or stay
Internationally in, according to Webster. 10
Deb. p. 430. But South Carolina determined to
try the doctrine of notification. Having failed
to obtain any redress or promise OF any from
! Congress she proceeded in November, 1882, to
pass an ordinance annulng the tariff law in that
State, and proposed to resist its enforcement
therein. IL Deb. p. 80. Jackson prepared to
| enforce the execution of the law and asked leg
islaton from Congress to enable him to doit. and
this drove South Carolina to 20 step further
and assert the right TO secsde from the Union,
| if unconstitutional and oppressive laws were exc
cuted upon her. which she did do. IL Ben. Deb.
/ .. ID Now we have reached the point where
South Carolina and the United States are directly
| at issue, and what will be done1 Will jackson
call out an army Of $4,000 menf
\ Let us see what will donef In November,
1899. as has been said South Carolina passed her
notification ordinance III December, 1882, the
sery next month and at the same time that he was
proceeding to maintain the laws, he urged in his
message to Congress, therepea of the oppressive
| tariff the gradual abandonment of the protective
| policy and the return to the early practice Of the
government The friends OF the country took
that course: new tariff bill, called the compro
4 mise, was introduced and passed; the protective
| policy was abandoned. the revenue tariff policy
was adopted, and the South at once became sat
isfed. l2 Deb. p. 1911
| This was the last OF February, 1888. Con-
gress adjourned the Sd OF March. Mr. Calhoun
| left Washington and journeyed homeward post
haste after Congress adjourned. Travelling night
and day. by the most rapid public conveyances.
he succeeded in reaching Columbia. 1.-THE capital
of his State) in time TO meet the convention
| before thew had taken any additional steps. The
notification ordinance was repealed and the
two parties in the State abandoned their organi
zatons, and agreed forget all their past differ
ences. jenkins Calhoun. p. 3l4. Psrton's
jackson vol. 3. p. Asa. The South. neither be.
fore nor since, s1mplained of a revenue tariff.
Now. in this ccond almost rupture between
the North and South, who was the provoking, the
| aggressive party? In what did the South seek
to Cypress the NORTH Can any body tellf
! The abandonment of the protective policy in
| 1888 restored peace to the country; will it con-
tinuei Ii not, what will be the next source OF
| dscordf lrFr4t .ns-
In 1900 the Federal Government was removed
| from Philadelphia to Washington City, in the
District of Columbia. That district was small
/ l. Il. x--ls