, 1861-02-27
THE FARM AND GARDEN.


. prevent. the 1oayes from spreading. These a
3 points that have become well established. :,
=: How TocRasaE WIKua NTo sFn1na wHEA
Sow late In the fall so that the winter whe
; WILL sprout but not send up shoots, or dur1l
J: a.EaEm. speHi IN winter; so as to swell Il
wheat and expand thegerm, with u sharp fro
| afterRard or this crop; SOW In the ne:
!, spring and you have spring wheat, that is, Q
: annual instead Of biennial: =:
I H.: TINE OF SOWING AND IT'S EFTEoTs.
! |. Until within few years 1t has been IL
practice In the culture of spring wheat, to SO
tt rather late in the spring, at least after th
: ground is in condition to plow. The crop bein
1natQred in the heat Of the summer,it becom.
coarse, the bran is very thick, the -four ha,
and coarse, Ike that Of barley, and containfn
a large excess Of gluten. The dough is to
open in its texture to rise well and the bread
heavy, da-k co1ered and unpalatable. Thes
drawbacks in its quality, together with tn
less yield Of flour, make it OF less value and III
popular. We can well remember when it wa
considered impossible to make good brea.
/ from spring wheat -four. Have ourmi1lers be
come more expert in the grinding, or have ou
wives discovered some new process of baking
thas It's value and popularity have been 81
much enhanced? We answer, neither Of thest
TO any great extent, not sufficient to account
Tor tl.is surprising difference, baa it il the dit
ference Of culture We have before said thai
spring wheat was artificial. Now the nearerwe
groW 1t to its normal condition, the more
VIII it approach to Its congenor in quail
| ny 1oe 1ood' II "l1 be seen at glance
'oa8 early seeding Will make the nearest
| approach to that condition. The seed will
| sprout and thrnw nm, IT, et,o+.
a., c.oaa~ ~, ~ 40 euoo'7, "nen sao-
e7n 1fee%e WILL enec6 its growth sometimes
lor "eeks, and this hybernation answers to
the wintcring of the winter wheat ..an3 ~.
conaeonanca :. tb.t .,,o .,,s,;. ~ =, "ao Ane
-. 80, " % 1440' sne 4oa'''y ol tne HOUR Is
put asma1 remove from the best quality of
winter wheat. In fact. It is often dit1;cuJt to
tell the d;tg4;ranca ond jao1a.s. asa ss1..1 "
nftan ra,es. ~ 49, 49, ~ oe1a1o - ana oAhelS
o'sea resort 70 the "ater test to detect it.
Spring wheat, under al circumstances. is nore
clanmy and will take nm 1aaa u.+ar; - +ha
r1.s,1:- N1m ~, va 80 ~ 4ess "atel III tne
"otAins' Inc Medller1anean, Black Sea and
other spring wheats that have been introduced
from lime to time on acconnt of the bord,,as.
or t,;, s+ro,r - anos,a 49, ~ y. .ae uAf'aneAs
" tn' stfa" 10 enaoie tnem to Withstand the
"es.i and other insects, bpt at the same time
producing coarse, inferior tlour. bave ba.
come so n,uch fn,nrnvaa That 49,,
<, .11 snes ai0 seaiet1y
,,aSs azso ~ tpe same by early sowing they
na'e oeen brought back near their normal
condition, and hence til great ;n,nror,on,o,t
in the nna1;tv ~ ~ 49,. ,sr1,..- 1plo'enenl
', u 'ns noH' 1dAe1s no 1on1er
eonpla'n OF Inc hardness Of the grain and the
small yield. The "Fife.'' or as lis aomet;mes
called tl,e Scotch c1uh in heoo,,;,,. ..a...es
IA # hacon, a. f,,s1xs1.ss ' :. peso popolar
n1actisa tlt1s T OUT farmers nov so universally
would SOW a cron ~ err3,,S eu anteI .'.Ii "ao
pectadon Of selling IT, Was laughed at: it
might do for family 1ae, but Wpuld meyer selj
and even some years later the diffarence be,
tween winter and spring wheat Il tie market
was from twenty to .tWenty.flva cents m tha
bushel, aud generally dull sale at that. IN f,ct
there were few who would purchase it at all''
anu when they did, it was in exchange fior
ter, and for long time Ii Chica,o miya3,, 1vas
4 by-word for all that was scanialons in the
wheat trade. GRADUALLY the nraetfre ~ aa-1v
seeding Was adopted, when il became almost
impossible to detect: good samples OF sprinp
wheat from that of winter, and The oat ma
chess test was generally adopted; but some
OF our farmers adopted the plan Of SWIMMING
out the oats By the use Of strong brine a53
mixing in small quantity Of chess 1rhen 4ha 4la
Cheat Wns successful, PLowNr IN rWr
FALL AND EARLY. SEEDING has been The
philosophers stone By which this change has
been effected, and now the price Of snr;no
wheat Is but few cents below that Of TinteT
We do not expect they. will eyer.approach each
other, but the difference will be bnt nomioo1
We do not claim that perfectfon IL vaf rooahaI
for the time has been TOO short as yet to fuliv
Lev years Will have passed before winter wheat
1eta U5 h,y IN 1ae iad Not that it is
n,ncb mora s,,es,i,, i1s spr.a "neat can BE- so
A1@0''< A'o40 sueepis grown.
EARLY R1PEsSa.
:. Wheat is impatient Of a hot, bnrnfnv sr,
Ind aside froh the reason before Given. ahonii ou
be soWn early 80 as to bring the crop forward
during the long, cool days Of snrfnT thst -
may ripen before the sun shall have Safnad d' 80
fierce meridian heats which 90 often % laws ont mt
.no e5op #lth me dreaded rust For this rea-
-ipens weelS tn tan 5ax,s poPuiar, ss 1t
.iety tat 30 hora v .ea oys pe.ofe any other "a
week later Thev ciossir ~sss,a1i r1e ID ABOUT
growth, being whits eha beardsso Hasa ea1 oaaeE
o rive tte m 11onr slIght H. OF az ~ eea1ded Wheat
. mora marl,ed in s1,3;..,. ao +ti ~ ysuoW. ANS
les So,nc.m;i1era ptar +ha4 ~ ~ "inter =. Vaf1e-
sf;c of al snr;no 1h, t4at tnas Is cnaracter-
mistaken f. is ton ..s, oTt,s. pai tals lhey are
nd bearded sn.;no 1vheat IL it,, 1Ias a. oai4
ar1v md 1ata voT;ot;es ,r,,a r. - -, III VIII
Wheat shon1S ha 80 cn,af,11;e 14s " AZ wrong.
nd Iata ncaa ~ 1,otataas surte0 as early
iffarent fimas tbe a"r1v ~ Lucy Tlpeh at
nd yvhcro ~ s1S ~ VIII snaster out,
han n,haes w w. ss9mln u some IS stronger
-ea1.. md tA5pa tha nrn,s III IT. eloHo on the
hriyeiled erain a. ~ haaraa9 mM sa9" portion Of
earded will give the yellow tinea TO- to he tfe
.hn}e crop '4se " lAe
= -..-.-'---
oANTITT OF 6RED TO THE ACRE AND CULruRr
In sowing broadcast, from one and half to
~ pusnets snould be soWu. The grouud ]
,oala ',,l nlsl pc narrowed level and fine before
~ se5d u1 IN "H - soWn, 19oronghly cover all
ait NH tha 1-,nt ua Gtouad y ary, FOL, not,
~, dnn,t ea, Musat ~ up. ~ you wish to seed
III sffor tha ~ sap g5ass a1o clover seed
- + III 4hat e ~. TeA narrowed In. Roll
6zad n I.n+ toir ~ saI seeoS require il bar
-AA1t' VIII gfo"'. ':! 7
~ WHAT TO SOW WITH. t
VIC have never been able to see anv od,., ,
&c in the drilling Of sprinsr 1feat hJ+ ~ ~
ntrary are prejadiced apn7nst II Rroa9e ~ il
wing bv hnud ia IahoriGEa ana ~ ~ IL tooueAss O
yer been to Az avo ri - ,on oas Sate Ne haYe
farmer" BOWS as even a. can BE- desireS gql ~ 4
ators r. 2 have from Time TO time got up broad. a
ned mnch e.s' Srs leN OF them have Mt
grass seed, and these have r. ~ - sne SOWING
nd. We had new one sent M = fsH ~ a,g y