New-York daily tribune., 1861-08-28
rur CIVIL WAR rN AMERICA.
By WI111An How.RD RUSSELL, LII. D. BsrdHeratLsw the
Special Correspondent Of The London Tines.

hy
Special Correspondent Of The London Times.
WASHINGTON, July %, 1861.
On this day week the Coniederates could have
marched into the capital of the United States They
took no immediate steps TO follow up their unexpected
success To this moment their movements have be-
trayed xty Of purpose or settled plan to pursue an
aggressive war; or even 10 berae Maryland II they
have the means 10 do 3d." And indeed their success
was as suspected not known to them in its full pro-
portions, and their loss combined, perhaps, with the
condition Of their army, much as political and Pru-
DENTAL motives acustiDg their leaders may have had
fair share in producing the state Of inactivity with
which the Federaiss have reason TO be dissatisfied
Let us look around now that the smoke Of battle has
cleared avay and try to examine the condition Of tie
ground. First az regards foreign relations. The per.
sona good feeling and perfect understanding which
exist between the representatives of the great Euro,
pean Powers directly interested in America are founded
on an appreciation Of the exact demands Of the interests
they represent, and on the necessities OF common
honorable policy. England, having vast commerce
directly involved in the contest has naturally been the
first TO provide for It's safety In American Water, ana
has also felt it desirable, IN the lace oi
the desperate eoupsels which have been
given on this side OF the Atlantlc, 10
fu nsh triHing reinforcement 20 her small mn.
tary establishment IN Canada. The 1eet at pfeseut
in observation is neither powerful nor ohenslvely ds
poeed and no exception can be taken to the mode IN
which IL las acted by the most sensitive Ameiicpns
although attempts haze been mace 10 arouse vulgar
lIeiud ces by erroneous statements TesPeSuDg tne
views aud declraious Of Admiral Milne The author
aye assertions on that subject In some oil the JOUR-
nals here are destitute Of authority except that OF the
writer. What is Of more consequence, Perhals, 10
rerect TO the preservation Of friendly relations be-
tween England aud the United States IL The iaet Thai
change bas come over the views Of the members OF
.f ffof u ~
reconstruction II the Union IN a war with Gieat
Britain, and that the most favorible disposition is
eviuced TO cultivate good graces not by any sao
flee Of principles, but by tue adoption 9i ION. 1' Oh.
calm, lust, aud digniied, which vii be appreciated
by the Foreign Office IL is not probable either thai
we sha hear much more about TIE Immediate annexa
lion Of Canada and the tury OF the 'JoooV oeu1
an f. ench" soldieIs with which we were meatehei
will be for time avered. But if there are such pleai-
AMI changes in the diplomatic aud press world there
nothing at oil like them in commercial rea'ons. In
tie Senate IL J. proposed TO clap round te per cen,;
on sll the duties TO be levied under the Moffnl
Tariff and Mr.. simmons. tie aged mther 81
this wicked hl,le bis Of political economy, de 'ar@
be viii thereby raise $iJ,0N,OjJ Of additional rev.
euue. TIE House Of Representatives, on the con
rary propose TO ra,e reyeDue by taxes ON eohee tea
supr poIIer, spies, and articles o. Tue sot mol :.
necessity nor OF luxury, but in the intermediate posl
ton 40 that every one WHO them now VIII ,on-
tnue to 90 go, Notwithstanding the tax, and no one
VIII be woree for IT. On tIcae plans II In Jrooabie
there will be a conference between the two branches
of tie legislature, in which the c0ntendng systebs
may be adjusted anna gamated. Tie incoI .e-lax q,
be adopted will give sone coo 600 accurdg u the
custiuus OF the desguer, aud the people i,ndy be-
heve il will be 81 once removed as soon as the war Il
over. III the Increase OF ten per cent ON the Morrill,
tariff be actually Iassed, it il difficult to see bow
France can continue regard With fiiendly feelings
such direct attack her great article OF eAporatyn
gland IA ustouedtO bear these things IRON the
lied States, but France cannot afford any meddling
o. mischief in ber wine aud her tobacco monopoly
NJ. Mercier the energetic and able reprt sentative vi
ally, is said 10 entertain sroDg notions that the
contest now waging cannot terminate IN the success OF
the North in what 1t toses u ltself NJ de Sioe NJ,
the Russian Minister, baa lived long In America,
knows bor statesmen and the genius Of Ler peo, 10 and
institutions, and is man Of sagacty aud vigorous intel
lect II believed 10 hold similar views. Perhaps the
ONLY Minister who has real been neutral, obsers-
ing faithfully all engagements 10 actually erniing
Powers, an1 s.dulOusly avoiding all occasion OF
offense or uitaby to an irritable people, rendered
moIe than usually 80 by The e'il days Which have
VINO represents great Britain, and who is the only one
Threatened with II withdrawal of passports and sll
OF pains aud penass for the presumed hostility
of his Government 10 the United Statcs. The world
sees that the North has not treated the SOutberners
rebelsye will not say IL has not dared 10 do 20. But
the Feder aiss have treated the CODfederates up 70
this moment as belgereuts. Rebels are hanged, in-
prisoned, and shot al discretion. Their htge are not
received; the exchange of prisoners with rebels s
ridiculous. a regular "blOckado' Of rebel poits is
quite anomalous. 1t remains to be seen, after Mr..
DAVIS recent bints, what the Government dares 10
do in the caSe Of the pirates whom its cruisers
caugh, in tb. act, redhanded of pivateeling piracy.
Meantime the arm raited To chaatse and subdue has
been struck down. and the attitude Of tue North s just
now defensive. Tbere will be on the part OF the
people whom the American press has mo,t ihsuled
and abused every disposition 10 give fair play and to
listen 10 the call for time. But the quarrel mnst
have its hmitsthe time must be fixed, and the sponge
must be thrown up If other OF the combasnis
1nAa ~.
which any amount Of "iudcious bottlebolding' can
prolong the igbt. Now, at the present moment the
North less able TO go into the contest than she was
month syc. She has suffered defeat, tbe has los,
prisoners, cannon, arms, baggage, she has lost
an army Of threemonths men, who have marched
swey 10 their homes at the very moment the capital
in the greiest DANGER TO this period the re-
enforcernepts received not bring up the Fedensts
TO the strength they had before the fight No ole
or will tell hos many have strayed away and gone off
from their regiments since they returned 10 the camps
here but the actual number Of men who have come
here are less than those who have gone away home by
fully 900 rank and flo. And the change has been by
no means for the better. The threc-months men III
least had been three months under arms. They were
probably at least martial and as ready TO light az the
rest Of their people. Just they are most required
and likely not TO be quite ceable they retire TO
receive ildeseryed and ridiculous ovations, ~ though
they had been glorious conquerois and patriots Instead
Of being broken and routed fugiyes who marched OIL
from Washington when it mgnt be expected the enc
my were advancing against it. In their place come
leYies who have not had even the three month"; train
ing and who not az well equipped, so far as can
see a. their predecessor TO face uen who are eated
wi success and the prestige of the 6rt battle gained
and 10 be associated with regiments cowed probably
and certainly in instances denorazed, by deioa
The arincrymon who cut the traces OF their horses
from caisson and carriage ut least knew al out
guns than re men who will be put TO- the new field
batteries, which Government getting up as fast as
they can; and the muskets OF the beet description left
on the field or taken, cannot be replaced for long
time TO come. In fact, much Of his army must be
rcorganized in face Of enemy. That enemy is
or orftul. anita certain ha Ia