davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Columbia Democrat and Bloomsburg general advertiser. [volume] (Bloomsburg, Pa.) 1850-1866, 1861-09-28
Life Pills and Phoenix Bilters.

The Life Pills and Phoenix Bittcrs are, perhaps the
best remedy for restoring strength TO the body for they
act gentle cartaaliC, and, by their tOnic
strengthen the whole system
MUat's Life Pills.-Persons of plctlurc habit who
subject TO fits, headache, gidd.ncss, dimncss of
sight, drowsncss from too great flow of blood 10
tee head, should take thcse Pills frequently.
ADVICE TO FEMALES Females who value their
health should never he without the Life Medicines as
they purify the blood remove distractions and give the
skin beautiful clear, healthy and blooming appear.
ancc.
To Elderly Pcrsons.-NIany healthy aged individuals
who know the value of MOfiats Life Medicines make
II rule TO take them two or three times week, by
which they remove the causes that produce disease,
preserve their health, and keep oil the nirmities OF
age.
Facts for Mothers and Nurscs-It is a fact, cstab.
sed by the annual bliss of mortality, that half of
The CHILDREN borne are cut OF before attaining seven
years of age and tho fitfl source of this mortality
found to exist in that foul of the stomach and
bowels which produced the generation of worms. As
the safe TestorcT of nantile health IN this critical state
the Life Medicines have long held Gisinguis rcpj-
aiiOn and for ouncss of the stomach and bowels aud
COMMISSIONS although worms may not exist il is allowed
to BIZ superior to amy other
Mu,t's Pill. aud Bitters- No medicines at present
known have done much good to mankind as the Sc,
been rewarded win more numerous and authentic tcs.
umonials of their nvariabc and extensive efficacy.
They require no dieting confinement perfectly
mlld ana pleasant in th'ir operation, but will power.
fully restore hcatthat great ST Of earthly blessings
to the most exhausted and diapdated constitutions
Prepared by
DIR, WM, h. MOFFAT,
, Hi5 Broadway, New York.
ana iof sac py a'iSDFuggists' aplJ'bl ly.
Columbia Democrat and Bloomsburg general advertiser. [volume] (Bloomsburg, Pa.) 1850-1866, 1861-09-28
HEALTH AND HAPPINESS.
DIRECTIONS FOR USING
COLBERT'S BALM IN GILEAD.

For Toohache apply it the face and gums of the
tooth afflicted pressing hand upon the face repeat il
NOT cured In extreme cases, wet cotton with ie hahn
ana cover the tooth and gums POr Headache battle The
temples ana apply TO the nose and take from trn Ia
lhiIly drops IN half a tumbler ofwateT swcetened
For Group and Sore Throat take from ten 10 thi,tv
ureps internally on sugar or in swecIened warm wntni.
lathe the throat freely and bind on a flannel For
Headache, rheumatism Neuralgia, Lame Back or side
bathe lreey Win Balm in Gilead and generally take
For burns mix onepart Balm in Gilead and TWO Of
water ana Hour TO make paste, cover the burn with
the same For ChOc, take from ten 10 forty dIons IN
not water hathe the bowels and apply wet lannSls-
In the above the smaller dose is for Children and tho
larger Tor adults vary according aud
Colberts Balm in Gilead is harmless Colberts In Inn
in Gilead gives satisfaction. ""'''
Those who have used Balm in Gilead will not be with
out IT, Agents wanted. For terms, address ~
NJ. q, :. COLBERT & CO.,
, NO ~ south Fourth Street, Philadelphia Pa.
NIB Orders sent by Express 10 any part ofthe I'M
ted States at tho shortest notice. '' N'@ WI
May 4, le6l-en,
Columbia Democrat and Bloomsburg general advertiser. [volume] (Bloomsburg, Pa.) 1850-1866, 1861-09-28
BOOT ANEb sMGEaAKEYt
STOVE AND TIN.WARE SHOP

II HE undersigned would inform the citizens Of
~ Bioomsbnrg and vicinity, that he has Just re,
sfN5 eiVcd and offers for sale of the most
-: assoftments Of COOKING and Fanny STOv "a
ever introduced into this market The Christopher 90
uIDs, James RObb and Globe among the rst ella,
cooking stovesall Of which ar.tigh ana gas burnc
ms faTlur stoves are handsome and the assortment va
and House spOung, upon short naIice All kinds of
repairing Will be done with neatncss and despatch
" country produce taken in exchange for work.
PHILIP s. MOVER,
oomsburg, Oct 3, 1850
Columbia Democrat and Bloomsburg general advertiser. [volume] (Bloomsburg, Pa.) 1850-1866, 1861-09-28
TINWARE & STOVE SHOP.

LIN w ARE d STON II SHOP.
THE undersigned respectfully informs his old fricndl
and customers, that he has purchased his brothers
interest IN the above establishment and the wills
hereafter be conducted by himself exclusively
n lie has just received and offers for sale the larg
,nfEA est and most extensive assortment of FANCY
SNlA sTO YES ever introduced into this market.
II His stock consists Of complete assortment of
the best Cooking and paro stoves in the market toge
er with stove Fixtures of every description, and
Box Stoves, Radiators Cyindar Stoves Cast Iron Air
Tight stoves, Cannon Stoves, &c, &c Stoycpipe and
Tnware constantly hand and manufactured 10 order
All kinds Of repairing DONE as usual on short notice
The patronage Of old friends and new customars re.
specttnly solicited. A. NJ. RUPERT.
BlOomsbuTg November Sd lSGO.-tf
Columbia Democrat and Bloomsburg general advertiser. [volume] (Bloomsburg, Pa.) 1850-1866, 1861-09-28
LIFE INSURANCE.

TIE GiR9RD LIFE ASSURANCE, .7NN'UfTT AM,
TRUST COMPANY OF PHfL.4DELPHI.9.
OFFICE, NO. 4Oc CHESTNUT STREET,
CAPITAL (paid up) $500 600.
Charter Perpc'uai.
CONTINUE to make lESu RANGES ON LIVES on
- the most reasonable terms.
The capital being paid up and invested together with
large aud constantly increasing reserved fund Off rs
perfect security to the insured.
The premiunlns must be paid yearly half yearly, or
quarterly.
The Company add BONUS periodically 10 the insu.
RANGES of life. The FIRST BONUS appropriated in De.
ccmbrr, l'4i, the SECOND BONUS in December L. ~,
the THIRD BONUS in December, 1,ji, and the FOURTH
BONUS in December, lcj0
GJ-Thcse additions made without requiring any
increase in the premiums to be paid to the Company
The following few cNamp pies from the Register
Amount of Policy md
sum Bonus or bonus To be increased
Policy Insured additiHn by future additions.
No. - S!JOO $-SI 80 S],3e1 50
l52 3OW 1910 90 1880 90
" "" 1Wh iW UO 1,iBD 90
" $50 5OOO 1919 UO 6,S1j 90
" &c &c &c. &c.
Pamphlets, containing tables of rates and
forms of application, and further information can be-
found at the office.
THOMAS RIDGEWAY, Prssidest
Jso +. JAMES, .9etHdry.
F. c. HARRISON, Examining P1ysiciaa.
October 10, lej7-y.
Columbia Democrat and Bloomsburg general advertiser. [volume] (Bloomsburg, Pa.) 1850-1866, 1861-09-28
MOfat's Life Pills.

Moffats Life Pills indebted for their name TO their
manifest and sensible action in purifying the springs
and channels of life, aud enauing them with renewed
tone aud ygor aud the undoubcd fact that at very
lry part in their history they had rescued sufferers
from the very verge of unmely grave perfectly
curing them that uniform enjoyment OF health, with.
out which life itself is but partial blessing So great
indeed had their efficacy invariably proved, that
scarcely less than miraculous to those who
quaintcd with the beautiful philosophical principles
upon which they were compounded, and upon which
they con sequcntly act.
Columbia Democrat and Bloomsburg general advertiser. [volume] (Bloomsburg, Pa.) 1850-1866, 1861-09-28

% Consgnments of Provisions Flour and Country
produce solicited, ana returns promptly made. Cash
advanced when desired.
ORDERS for all kinds Of Fish Provisions, Flour
Dried Fruits, &c, filled Al lie lowest Cash Prices.
August 4, lSG0-l2m.
Columbia Democrat and Bloomsburg general advertiser. [volume] (Bloomsburg, Pa.) 1850-1866, 1861-09-28
TRUNKS! TRUNKS!l


xKEX'S &4 GTE y-gGla..
q, HE undersigned specifically nf,rs his nnFa m d.
t!r public generally ;hl! n hi in rDu.pI.t,d h
Ne" WI uh iIillc tlshi"Ycr ok in Gr"'I,N odd
snip columbia county, AMI hgtu. engaged .nc ut in,
b'sl FriehrGI .iitrS III ihr country, il W pnt
Ia Hcutt any bi>inrs> !" his Inr ptoaptiy and
iact"riy. tn bning is larar ,iuijii nri,k MAI,
constructed m tn most modern siyr aud employs fUr
run OF rrs sttict attention BE- yivrn the buti
and pains spared render raj Satisfaction
JAOCB EYER.
Eyrr's Grove, June, :, lsil-lmt
Columbia Democrat and Bloomsburg general advertiser. [volume] (Bloomsburg, Pa.) 1850-1866, 1861-09-28
ThOsc LabOrjug Hinder

sickness at relieve themselves from the thou
sand maadics that flesh heir to, if they viii only
follow the counsels OF nature and take the medicine
which best assists her IN her operations That medi
cine is the Vegetable Life Medicines Of Dr. MoYfAT,
Columbia Democrat and Bloomsburg general advertiser. [volume] (Bloomsburg, Pa.) 1850-1866, 1861-09-28
DO YOU KNOW IT.?

CONSUMPTION Is TIE MOST FATAL sCorRGE OF
MANKIND It has been truly regarded as An IScuRA.
BILE NAILpYfew ever surviving its attack One sirh
Of the ,chole human race" says DR.. CHURCHILL, and
MORE THAN ONE HALF OF ALL THE ADULT fOpU.
LAT1ON Of most civilized communities PERISH DY THIS
DISEASE" What sad commentary on tho boasted
efficacy Of tho Healing Art
Tho brilliant Discovery Of Dr. Churchill made 10 tho
imperial Academy of Medicine, OF Paris has proved IN
insir,q,le boon 20 the world By the Of this now
and rouerfil remedial d1ent, known to Chemistry as
Columbia Democrat and Bloomsburg general advertiser. [volume] (Bloomsburg, Pa.) 1850-1866, 1861-09-28
+. G. HARRISON. NJ. D.

MOULD respectfully inform the citizens of Blooms
w burg, and vicinity, that he continue the practice o
.HEDICLvE .aND SURGERY,
nd solicits share of public patronage.
OFFICE, on Main Street, first house below the Cour
ouse, bloomsbury.
February g. le55-tf
The Placer herald. [volume] (Auburn, Placer County, Calif.) 1855-1991, 1861-09-07

ton Of military movements to the enemy
but with the exception Of the Baltimore pa.
pers this is not the pretext. Let the people
everywhere beware of this ungovernable fury
Of the hour; they are blindly striking at one
of their own safe guards-one Of their own
dearest rights-one, the acquisition Of which
has cost rivers Of blood and countless trea.
sure. Leave the Press to its own mission
it may not speak at all times the sentiments
Of the majority-it may in individual cases
be corrupt, wrong bu. in its own freedom
is the best antidote for its own poison.
The Placer herald. [volume] (Auburn, Placer County, Calif.) 1855-1991, 1861-09-07

MARYsvILLE DIsTRICr FAIR.-The An
nual Fair for the Marysville District will
commence in that city on Monday next and
continue until the Saturday following From
ali accounts it will be the best exhibition
Of the kind ever held at that place Ample
accommodations have been made for visitors
and the assurance has been given that ex
tortionate prices will not be charged by
hotel and restaurant keepers.
The Placer herald. [volume] (Auburn, Placer County, Calif.) 1855-1991, 1861-09-07

Up SALT RlvER.-We are going mp this
political stream again. Last year we went
to its head waters-but the present season
our Douglas friends are going there under
high pressure of steam. They will 60 up
to where the stream "forks" and beach their
craft, while we will remain at point below
where the navigation is good.
The Placer herald. [volume] (Auburn, Placer County, Calif.) 1855-1991, 1861-09-07

FEDERAL TAxEs.-The portion of the 20
millions direct tax upon real property, to be
contributed by this State, is S254,53s.
From the last annual message Of Governor
Downey, it appears that the assessed value
Of real and personal property at that time
was about $l4s 100000. Upon this basis,
says the San Francisco Mercantile Gazette,
assuming that the proportion between real
and personal property is the same here as
elsewhere, the amount Of the former will be
little over $l0o, 100000, and the rate Of
taxation not to exceed one fourth Of one per
cent. But the tax is to be computed upon
the assessed cash valuation, on the lst Of
April next; and should that valuation be
found greater the percentage will be dimin
ished, and so vice versa. 1t can hardly be
found burdensome to any. The income tax
is three per cent. upon any excess above
$500; the object being to exempt persons
in moderate circumstances, or to allow suf-
.iciency for the necessary expenses of such
persons, and tax the surplus on!yA
The Placer herald. [volume] (Auburn, Placer County, Calif.) 1855-1991, 1861-09-07
The Result.

The political battle is over, and as we an u.
ticipa,ed, Leland Stanford has been elected
Governor Of California. We did not look
for his vote to be so great as the returns
show, and in that is the surprise. His party
worked zealousy and successfully, and did
not stop in the use of the most unfair and
illegitimate arguments to forward his inter
ests. Mr.. Mcconnell will be the second can
didate in strength, while Mr.. CONFESS, who
entered the canvass with such high sounding
pretensions, is the hindmost candidate in the
race.
Although defeated ourselves, it is great
satisfaction to know that we have beaten the
nominee Of the douglas party. The party
that was so confident Of its strength, and
had such contempt for our weakness. that
it spurned the efforts made to harmonic our
divisions upon the opening of the canvass.
1t went into the fight sure OF whipping boil,
Stanford and Mcconnell, and comes out
drubbed by both Of them.
The nomination of John CONFESS was Ger
tain defeat to his party. But ''rue or RUM
seemed The motto Of the FL Doradian, and
by his froward ambition he has succeeded in
railing and running" the party he represented.
But he is shelved "for ever and aye" In
another contest Democrats will be guided by
wiser connsels, and not follow his leadership
The Republicans may we'll rejoice-hey
have won great victory; and we hope their
l. 81, ,,,l
TO have. in the event that Mcconnell should
be elected.
Democrats will deplore the success Of Re
publicanism, but will gracefully submit to
this verdict Of the people; but in another
canvass they will fight the battle again-and
fight to victory.
State Election.
The Placer herald. [volume] (Auburn, Placer County, Calif.) 1855-1991, 1861-09-07

STATE SENArE.--It is highly probable
that notwithstanding the political panic we
have just gone through there will I've an OPP
position majority in the State Senate
Should we not be mistaken the people OF
California will have much cause for congrat.
ulation. OF the Senators who hold over
from last year, thirteen are democrats, and it
is almost certain that eleven Of the newly
elected Senators are also democras.-S. F.
Herald.
The Placer herald. [volume] (Auburn, Placer County, Calif.) 1855-1991, 1861-09-07
Fire at Forest Kill.

The startling and dreadful cry Of fire broke
upon the ear of our citizens about h"ifpas.
ten o'clock this morning. All eyes were
soon turned in the direction Of the upper
part of Centre street, where lar-, untin-
ished frame bnIling was all in Il blaze, the
flames leaping and tapping in every direction
with terrible velocity. Il soon spread to
another large frame building ali lining,
which was also soon enveIoped in i4'nes.-
The fire spread to adjoining fenc"s, wood
piles, an out houses, threatening destruction
to large and valuable portion OF oar town.
Everybody in town rushed to the rescue,
and with good supply Of water in the tanks,
and plenty of burkeis-wih the work Of
axemcn, in tearing down fences, and apply
ing wet blankets 10 roofs Of houses-the fire
was confineA to the buildings where it origi
mated which ale now in ashes. They were
owned by Spanish woman named "Suse,"
and were occu pied for disreputabe purposes.
They have been An ''eyesore to the town for
long time. The loss to the woman is per-
haps $4,000; to the town, nothing
Hardy & Kennedy's b.ck block, in the
rear of which the fire ragged, WAS in immi
nent danger, but by the application Of plen
ty OF water and wet blankets it was saved.
The brick block adjoining, occupied 10y the
Odd Fellows Hall, Armory of the volun-
teers, Ftch's Law Office. Krauses Saloon.
the Post Office, and Jektlius' Jewery store,
would undoubtedly have been burnt, but for
the fact Of lis being fire proof.
The beautiful garden fruittrees and fen.
ces Of our friend Webster, were damaged
the most His residence was on fire several
times, but the activity Of men with burkets
of water soon arrested the flames Mr.. w.
has requested us to tender his most profound
thanks to all who so nobly exerted themsel
YES in saving his property from destruction.
The roof of our cffice--located only few
doors above, was also on fire several times
but a ,ritle of water, opportuney at hand,
prevented any damage.
1t is supposed this fire was the work of an
inrendiary. If so, our people had better keep
a sharp lookout that nothing more serious
happens. Poorest Courier, Sept. 5.
The Placer herald. [volume] (Auburn, Placer County, Calif.) 1855-1991, 1861-09-07
SPECIAL. NOTICES
To the Stock holders of the S.....

To the Stockholders Of the Sacr.c,.-s..
PLACER AND NEVADA RAILROAD CON-
PANY.-The Stockholders of the SIP. D..
Company IRE hereby notified that the Bos,J ~ ~
Directors have levied an assessment Che tbrd ~
Ten PER CENT, upon the Capital Stock Of
said Company, payable on or before the LAT Az ~.
Of October. 1861. to JOHN Q. JACK
Treasurer, at the office of Wells, Fargo ~
Auburn. By order of the Bonrd of Directo-s'' Wv
CHARLES H. MITCHELL. Secreta..
The Placer herald. [volume] (Auburn, Placer County, Calif.) 1855-1991, 1861-09-07

YowssHia OFFIcERa.-In Township, No
3, a. s. Grapt and william Sexton have
been elected Justices Of the Peace, end John
@. Roggs and George II. Merrill, Constables
we viii give the official vote for the differ
ant candidates for the above Offices next
seek.
The Placer herald. [volume] (Auburn, Placer County, Calif.) 1855-1991, 1861-09-07
The Vote in Placer County.

We give below the result in our County
as far as we have received it. On Governor
it is more complete than any other office,
only about precincts to hear from, which
are small and will not vary the relative vote
much. On the other Offices the vote is not
90 full, having the vote Of some candidates
and not of others, running for the same Of.
Gee. We shalt publish the official vote as
soon As it is counted. The National Demo.
Gratis are in roman, the Douglas,es in italic
and the Republicans in small caps:
The Placer herald. [volume] (Auburn, Placer County, Calif.) 1855-1991, 1861-09-07
Religious Notice,

Christ Church Epscopal-Rev. Arthur E.
Hill, Rector. Service on Sunday, in the Cour.
House, at ii o'clock. A. ~, AMI s P. N. The pub.
lc generally. are invited to attend the divine
services. The Sunday School of Christ Church
will be held in the same place. tomorrow, at Q
O'Clock, A. NJ. under the superintendent of the
octOr
The Placer herald. [volume] (Auburn, Placer County, Calif.) 1855-1991, 1861-09-07

EocENTR1c.-Gen. Sumner issued tia ~.
loving general order on the srd inst:
Headquarters Department Of the p.o;s.
SAN FRANclsco, Sept. srd 1851
General Orders
No. 20.
No Federal troops in the Department ot
the Pacific will ever surrender to rebels.
D.. =. E. V. SUMNER
Brlgadier General Commanding.
Official; Richard c. Drum, Asst Adju,.o.
The Placer herald. [volume] (Auburn, Placer County, Calif.) 1855-1991, 1861-09-07
Religious Service,

At the NJ E. Church, Auburn. every Sobb.u
morning at lOa O'Clock, and in the evening
II O'Clock.
The Placer herald. [volume] (Auburn, Placer County, Calif.) 1855-1991, 1861-09-07

County T1cKEr.-lhe Republicans have
elected their entire county ticket with the
exception Of Lynn, for the Assembly, who
guns behind his ticket. His successful COM
peti,or is C. c. Dudley, nominee on the
Douglas ticket. So far as heard from he is
342' votes ahead, with ten precincts to hear
from, which will reduce this majority, but
not sufficient to endanger Dudleys prospects,
We congratulate our friend upon his sue
cess. We know he possesses the ability to
make sgood legislator.
County SUPERvIsoR.-The complete re-
turns for Supervisor of the lst District will
be found in another column. The contest
for this Office was active, and as will he seen
the vote was very close. The choice fell
upon our nominee, Mr.. Rogers, gentleman
well qualified for the position, and who will,
we are sure, make good County officer
Although the regular Democratic nominee,
lie received a number of votes from Douglas
men and Republicans-a compliment that
was we'll deserved, and that is properly ap
preciated by the recipient. -,
After the manner ip which we did not win
ip the county CANVASS. we think there Is
aspse far congratplatiop ip ih,e Supervisor
victory,
The Placer herald. [volume] (Auburn, Placer County, Calif.) 1855-1991, 1861-09-07

ted by the largest majority Of any candid.
ate on the Assembly ticket. "Ferg" is pop
ular, if be is great gasser, bitter Doug
lasite, and great adept at painting white
horses legs to q uniform and beautiful black.
As to the
CITY TICKET.
the Republicans do get smell, and many
Of those elected are sound and consistent
Democrats, and were smart enough to get a
nomination on what WAS termed "Douglas
Democratic Union Ticket" The Chief Of
Police the Police Judge, and the President
of the Board of Supervisors, are all Demo
Gratis; and they there have the authority to
appoint all the Policemen. So with many
others, both on the city and county ticket.
ALL IS YET QUIET.
Notwithstanding it is conceded that Stan
ford has large majority, there have been
no demonstrations Of Joy or fejoicings.
The Republicans look to be in good humor
as we'll as the Mcconnell Democrats. But
the Douglas men, who stuck to their Chief
through evil and good report, look daggers
at those recre:.nt brothers who supported
Stanford at the head Of their tickets Some
of them are not satisfied with merely
looking sour, but mutter the strongest curses
upon their heads. The fact is, that they
felt sure Of those little incidental crumbs
which fall around the Capital at Q cry meet
ing of the Legislature, and from the annu
tiles from the State offices.
The defeated Douglas men begin already
to curse the Republicans, and predict that
the next Administration will be under the
control of the democracy. They will next be =
Gin to curse the war and the taxes. The cohe.
sive power of expected State plumber has pass
ed away, and they speak as Douglas men
never spoke before. Sch is politics.
STATE FAIR.
You must advise everybody to come to
the State Fair, and hope to see to the Ag
ricultural Horticultural and Mechanical in
terests of Placer fully represented on the
occasion. That "sidc show" over to MarysI
VILE cannot and ought not to impair the
usefulness and benefit of the great State
Fair at the Capital. Entries must be made
on or before the 18th inst.
RECRUITING GOES SLOW.
Notwiths. anding the noise that is made
about the great numbers who are tlocking
here to enlist, there are few more chances
left" Those who would take up comforta,
BILE quarters on the Plains during the ap
preaching winter, should embrace the pres
ent opportunity. Never were such chances
offered before for freeze out" game.
MORE ANON.
The Placer herald. [volume] (Auburn, Placer County, Calif.) 1855-1991, 1861-09-07
LECTURE.

NJ. W. HARTMAN, ESQ.,, will deliver lect,,.
in Auburn on Thursday evening, September 18th
Subject: "Pacific America"
The Placer herald. [volume] (Auburn, Placer County, Calif.) 1855-1991, 1861-09-07

ES- Lately gentleman, waiting for a
friend in Third street, Phladel phia, observed
a party of newsboys who were waiting for
the afternoon papers. A well dressed lad
walked up to them. They eagerly saluted
him, and examined him on every side, and
seemed to admire him very much. Soon a
little fellow, with coat reaching to the
ground and elbows out, began to question
him thus:
"Whv, what are you at now?"
"I'm in q store"
"What do you do9"
81 sweep out the store and run errands.'
"Wel, tell me: you don't feel as good now
as when you was in business for yourself. do
you?"
The Placer herald. [volume] (Auburn, Placer County, Calif.) 1855-1991, 1861-09-07
CLOTHING! CL0THlNG!!
SELLING oEE At COST.

FOR TWENTY D. A y Y nv ~.
INOR TWENTY DAYS, Lam selling .o ="
IL fine stock of Clothing at Cost, pie1,othine.
to laying in Stock OF Fall and winter .S y" cali
Those desiring great bargains ore inv .;sod to call
soon-and. all Indebted to me are no''"''
and settle forthwith. rrY npERG
Auburn. August 10TH 1s6l--3~