The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1861-09-13

ARRIVAL OF THE AFRICA.
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INTERESTING DETAILS OF EUROPEAN NEWS
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Speeches of Lord PaimerstOn and Col.
McMurdO on tho Battle Of Ball
Run and American Volunteers.
Military Compliment to Gen. Mcclellan
and the Union Troops.
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Public Anxiety with Regard to the
Supply Of Cotton in England.
THE NEW BRITISH POLICY FOR CANADA,
&c, &C., &c.
ARRIVAL OF THE AFRICA.
THE NEW BRITISH POLICY FOR CANADA,

THE NEW BRITISH POLICY FOR CANADA,
&c, &C., &c.
The Cunard steamship Africa, Captain Shannon, which
sailed from Liverpool at three O'Clock the afternoon OF
the 31st ult and from Queenstown the LIST inst, ar
rived at this port at ten O'Clock last night bringing pas
sengers and the European mails dated the 3lst Of
August.
The financial and commercial advices Of the Africa,
with the main points Of Lcr news published in tho
HERALD last Tuesday morning. having been teiegrnphcd
from st. Johns, Newfoundland after the Africa was in
Necrceptcd OF Cape Race by news agents.
letter from Turin of the s5th Of August says
very awful calamity has befaen Turin this morning
fire broke out in the Vim d pc which resisted for few
hours the efforts Of the fire brigade aided by tho regular
troops These latter were carried away by their zeal for
the public cause and venturcd into the burning buildings
with rash courage to which about dozen Of them fell
victims. Colonel frott brave Pcdmontcse Officer
Major Fore of the Carabneers and another Major of the
Fsrty sixth infantry, while eGdeavoring to check the
ardor of the troops, were crushed by falling wall.
The strike in the iron trade in the north Of England still
continues and seven thousand reported 20 be or
work in alonehc Consctt AMI Derwcnt Iron
Works A. Consett the reduction proposed is in the
Of puddes 3d. per ton and the of rollers ten per
cent In Wales the wages is considerably below
the northern district and Scotland the workmcn have
accepted the reduction proposed
The london I'ostof the 3lst Of August says
The private letters addressed 10 Of arst
houses connected with Mexico, describe the situation Of
affairs rs very dep.orabe Nobody buys, nobody scis
and nobody pays. Beyond the capital there fact
government, and the position said to be far than
during the last three years when at any rate, sixteen
out OF the twenty States in favor OF Jgarez while
at present tho republic divided three factions
The cessation Of diplomatic intercourse by Sir Charles
Wyke with the Juarez government (athorgh mr. the
moment the former couln perhaps not have acted other
wse) Is considered calculated to rc,ard matters
stead of advancing them. Tbs cooperation IN that
spect of the French Minister, NJ dc Saigy, is looked
upon with mistrust, since frances claims upon Mexico
are but trning. Spain after England has the largest
claim, and then follows America
The London Neus of the 3lst of August says
AT five O'Clock last evening extensive fire broke out
IN the premises of Mess. Harrison Wilson, sugar bak-
ers aud reners situate in Upper nock street nst Smith
feld and within fcw yards Of the St. Katharine Dock.
The premises consisted of immense block of brick
buildings, covering more than quarter of acre of
ground about eighty feet in height ard fifty feet Width
containing nine Stores The loss of property is estimated
at ESQ 600 Mcssrs Harrison & wilson are insured but
whether to the full amount Of their loss is not known
Prince Napoleon expected al Martinique and Qua
daoupc at the date Of the last ad ices in Paris.
Partisan correspondent writes the scmi.offcial
Spanish Corrsspondencid:--
Lord Palmerson has decided to co operate with tho tn
liam government within the limits of tho principle of non
Intervention for the purpose Of racyng the kingdom OF
Naples. The French government in its turn, has closed
tho Roman frontiers TO the NcapolItan rebels Meantime
an English squadron prevents maritime contraband and
lends moi a force to the government of Victor Eman-
uel THIS arrangement may be considered as the fore
runner Of still mporan If England prevails
upon France to evacuate Rome.
The English Board Of Trade returns for the month Of
August and the seven mouths ended on the 31st July
iast issued Tho total value Of British exports in
July show decrease of G2 43S COO when compared with
the corresponding period Of 1860 The exports for the
months show falling Off amounting "a ,aO5 Oo0
the total value of the goods being $40 Coo against
EVA 542 900 in the first seven months Of 1860
Absolute Necessity ora Cotton Supply in
England.
From the Lonion Times, August 30
The supply and the consumption OF the last two years
have been unexampled. All the markets glut,cd
with cotton goods. We are expecting Immense in
from India The extraordinary step of the dc.
tenon Of the next years cotton crop in the United States
need have other effect than reduce consumption
For year to two thirds of the late average Win dne
ars notice u Is considered ioe may easily make osUs
sete for the future.
Tho great fact have deal with is one independent
OF tariffs, Of blockadcs Of combinations among mr.
chants manufacturers and Of every artiGcc STEM
mirg meeting tho tide OF calamity. 1t the great fact
Of the war itself That must employ both sides
gethcr, at least half million men. There not far from
that number already under arms and the cry is con.
tnualiy for more The apology every reverse is
the want CT reserves to relieve the long pro
ect the guns, to save the position from being oIanked,
aud to keep the numbers to the programme. Battles
70 decide the future of whole continent and to gure
New York papers vanly boosted among the decisive VIC
tories OF tho world not to be fought with div If
20 900 men. Dominion is not SO easy glory not
cheap. The Americans have to up their Of
ideas much higher than this. Ifow they 10 the
snz and ne Nancy is an'ter qreaion, o the must
be raised, and If The elo4usr,c II The Nep Yort Jour
mails is isoyaA he ciliainoas paper upon acaica IL
is printed, The ufU ie raised, and zoe snail
Sc. erery copote BEARING rep nding 10 the cGR
But ali that will be much strength and so mary hands
taken away from all the reproductive industries Of Atnc
rca from cotton, sugar and tobacco, among the
Where the dsarrangcmcpi Of labor will stop it is
easy to say England and the neghboring countries OF
Europe have trades and manufactures rise and fall
fly or to tolerant shores better affected popuia-
tons; flourish and disappear Who shall say whether the
United States we used to admire and even envy, may
not before long be page Of history?
1t is not province to appeal much to the enterprise
Of manufacturers and the cupidy Of capitalists We're
to advise our noneycd mercantile readers to hoid"
cotton loud indeed would ba the complaints and dark tho
insnuations cotton to fall. We appeal, how
ever, the Manchester Cotton Company has appealed
10 ne recognised duties Of tie Sae and to the public
spirit which inspires and assists it, The State has &C
ecptod the Office of collecting information for commerce.
az smoothing it, way, and rendering more substantial
assistance whore other is he expected Now is
the time for sranDg every to deveiope the
cultivation In India and ocr soils pronounced favorable
SO long this duty seemed TO depend the problemat
cal and uDfrendly assumption that America might
day keep her cotton to herself, in order to destroy
manufactures, government might be excused from
interfering in the matter We called to
act, not on bare possibility unwarran,able
suspicion, but plain matter of fact. Az this moment
the EXPORT of cotton from the United States is actually
prevented and eectually hndered by the presence
cruisers well by measures taken by tho bcgerens
directly for the purpose Both sides believe it to be
cessay prevent the sale and export Of cotton in ordor
TO starve out tho foe. Into the wisdom and practical
character Of this proceeding it is useless to inquire
II is at least notice TO US to take care Of ourselves
and, Il the governments Of North America taking
measures TO keep all their cotton ut home, the
British government surely has equal oblga.
tion to procure II elsewhere In concert with The
Manchester Cotton Company, it is arranging for
sthe immediate completion of roae, the construc-
ton OF landing aud shipping piers the erection Of
cotton gin factories pressing houses Offices and stores
the scientific investigation OF the cotton districts the
opening up of the Godavery and by the way increase
OF the cultivation ia Egypt The Manchester people
strong hope that India only wants little attention
supply every possible gap in The American supplies IN
behGf he nte think rdg hat all he scrups
aqains 'a'ey3ereace ia mercantile affairs eTa be uatre2
schen The prosperity q the country and the subsistence u mil
lions az sake fhe merchants and aaanoctu,e,s oY
fno,c and tuLd ought 10 ie d,e there @ tc no lack Of
aau 10 10 Il on the part Of government.
sUEAr COTTON FROM ENGLAND FOR AMERICA.
From the London News, August so
In rarag aph under the above heading in p.bica-
ton OF To sday, II was stated that fen thousand bales
of Sura cotton were last week exported to New York We
have reason e. believe that the following the circu
stances which gave rise 10 the statements Some time
since aho,s twenty bales Of surat were to the
United states by way OF sample. On Saturday last