davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Smyrna times., 1861-05-30

DIFFERENCE Between FoRTs AND FORTRESS.
Es.-There is but one forlr ess in the United
Slates-Fertress Monroe; all the other forli.
fled places defending our harbors are called
forts. The distinction betwixt these two terms
is very wide. All fortresses are forts or forti.
he'd places; but all forts are not fortresses
All colleges are schools, but schools are not
colleges. The relation of fort to fortress is
that Of minor TO major A fort may be simply
an advanced work TO protect the extended
lines or walls of fortress Generally, fort
resses are extensive encinfss for the reception
OF fgarrlsons, and built for the protection of
cities. In the United States no extensive for.
thed places, with large garrisOns, have been
constructed for the defence of cities. Fortif.
cations in this country have had reference,
principally, TO harbor defence. Fortress Mon
roe. with its capacity for a garrison Ut includes
10 acres) was constructed for the defence of
the important Navy Yard of Gosport and Nor
folk, now in possession of Virginia or the Con-
federate States. The construction CT the ex-
tensive walls of fortress involves the highest
science of engineering, Not 50 with the forts
The former implies polygons, bastions, cur
talns, glacls, covered ways, planks, searps and
counter scarps, ravelins, redans, redoubts and
the whole vocabulary of eng neering science
Add TO this idea vast enceinte, or circumval-
latIon, to contain a large garrison of troops,
and fortress rises TO its proportionate majes
ty. A foil garrison for fortress Monroe is 5000
men.
Smyrna times., 1861-05-30
Waterloo the day after the Battle.

On The surface. of the two square miles, it
was ascertained that fifty thousand men and
horses were lying The luxurious crop of ripe
grain which had covered the field of battle
was reduced TO litter, and beaten into the earth,
and the surface, trodden down by The cavalry
and turrowed deeply By the cannon wheels,
stre"ed with many relic of the fight. Hell
NETS and culrasses, shattered firearms and
broken swords; all the variety ofmlltary orna-
ments, lancer caps, and Highland bonnets, uni
forms OF every color, plumes and penRon mu-
slcal Instruments, the apparatus Of artillery,
drums, bugies but, good God why dwell on
the narrowing picture of toughten field e.
each and every ruinoHs display bore mute tes-
tlmony to the misery OF such battle. Could
the Melancholy appearance of this scene Of
death be heightened it would be by witnessing
the researches of the living, amid it's desolation,
for the objects of their love. Mothers and
wives and children for days were occupied in
that mournful duty and the confusion of the
corpses-triend and foe intermingied as they
were-otten rendered the attempt at recogni.
zlng individuals difficult and sometimes i'm
possible.
In many places the dead lay four feet deep
upon each other, marking the spot some Brit
ish square had occupied, exposed for hours 10
the murderous fire OF a French battery. Out
side lancer and curassier were scattered thick
y on the earth. MudIy attempting to fore e
the se1rIed bayonets Of the British, they had
fallen IN bootless essay by the muskelry of the
inner files. Further on, you trace the spo,
where the cavalry of France and England had
encountered, chasseur aud hussar were inter-
mingled; and the heavy Norman horses of the
Imperial Guard were interspersed with the gas
chargers which had carried Albion's chvary.
Here the Highlander and tiraleur lay side by
side, together; and the heavy dragoon, with
green Erin's badge upon his helmet, was crap.
ping IN death with the Polish lance. On the
sunmt OF the bridge, where the ground was
numbered with the dead and trodden fetlock
deep IN the mud and gore by the frequent rush
of rival cavalry, the thick. strewn corpses OF
the Imperial Guard pointed out the spot where
Napoleon had been defeated. Here, in column
The favored corps, on whom his last chanc res.
ted, had been annihllated; and the advance and
the repulse Ofthe guard was traceable to ma S.
of fallen Frenchmen. In The hollow below,
the last struggle of France had been vainly
made; for there the Old Guard attempted to
meet the British and afford time TO their dis.
organized companiesto rally.
Smyrna times., 1861-05-30
CHOICE POETRY.
At the Turnpike Gate


She sees the shadows creeping
Across the turnpike gray;
And the golden light is sealing
The last hour of the day.
Her eyes are like the pansies,
That in the meadows shine;
When the young may pOurs across them
Her gOb!ets of new wine.
And like pale seam stretching
Betwixt the fields OF rye;
She sees the long road blending
Its silver with the sky.
She sees the palace gardens,
The crimson and the gold;
Which the open gates Of sunset
Doth in the West unfold.
And at the brown gate watching,
She sees the lowing kline
Turn slowly from the meadows,
Aud cross the long white iiae.
Bot ssdden smile has hurried
The yearing from her ia ce,
Aud her heart has set completeness
TO all that sweet shy grace.
FOrjus. beside the rye bars.
6gure tall has past!
And the young wlfe's watch is over,
And the daylight gone at last.
We stand at the brown gate watching,
And life is that turnpike gray;
And the promise Of God doth blossom
In the sunset "i the day!
And death is the kindly angel.
Thsi co nes when the yelrs are run;
Aud the bells of the dIstan. city
Proclaim that our watch is done!
--ATthur's Home Magazine.
Smyrna times., 1861-05-30

War HAVE They DONE when the whole
country was filled With confusion and dismsv
at the bold treason of South Carolina and the
cooperating Cult States, the disunionists ia
Maryland were Vociferousy demanding an
extra session of the State Legislature, for the
purpose OF culing a State Convention They
poured oat unStinted denuncialions upon the
Governor because he would not aceede 70 their
demands. They raVed, and swore. and PRAYED.
and cried tor a State Convention. Thew de-.
ciSred that wIthSut State Convention MaFv.
land would be utterly ruined. Al last, when
no, 10 hs judgment. deemed that the emergeo.
cy had occurred, the Governor called an extra
session OF the Legislature, to enab it to call
State Convention; but presto-quck-as
rapidly as juggler changes a card the dis.
unionlsts changed position. They had discov.
cred that any Convention likely TO be elected
would be uGmistakably Union Convention.
The Legislature met. II refused TO sdopt q
accession ordnance. 1t acknowledged that il
had legally aud cOnstilutionaily No power 70
do SO. 1t voted $4,000 to pay it's members.
and passed a shin-plastef bill and series of
strong disunisn resolutions, and an act legal.
izing the conduct of an armed mob in the city
of Baltimore, and it adjourned Not even q
call for State Convention was made. II vac
deemed inexpedient to call one, and the very
men who were so clamorous for Convention
few weeks age, now acknowledge that there
neither is nor hes been any occasion or necess-
ity at this time for one. Thus the State Leg.
islature have. unwittlngly and no doubt unin.
teniionaliy, endorsed every argument We have
preferred against the government, and have
fully and uneQuvocalIy sustained and endorsed
the wisdom and propriety of the refusal Of Gov
ernor Hicks TO comply with the demands Of q
little squad of disunion agitators.-B Boltimers
Clipper.
Smyrna times., 1861-05-30

The DANGER OF RESURRECTION The Mem
phls Avalanche perceIves a sign of trouble
from the negroes in that city. Ii says that on
the cotton plantation that no man apprehends
any danger from his slaves but in the city
their relations are very different, where the
household servants r0'generally the most in
telligent oflhe African race, and hearing of the
pending war between the North and South,
believe that il exists on thoir account. They
seek tor information from the free negroes, who,
in turn, derive their knowledge from the more
degraded of the whites with their associates
" Through their Intelligence, the slave becomes
an assassin, aud guilty of the bloodiest deed
The ignorant negro cannot foresee the evils
which must befall him for his folly and crimes.
The negro can only harm an individual or a
family the consequences is, that negroes are
slaughtered like wild beasts. To avoid such
contingencies, it has occurred to US that the ne
cessties of the publ C demand the removal OF
free negroes from the city. They can, in the
midst ofthe impending struggle do no conceive
able good, and accomplish nothing but harm.
Many Of our citizens have already suggested
Inc fact that their slaves are under the ma ign
influence of the free negroes. Insubordl ina.
tion is even now recognized, and house ser.
va nts are constantly informing their misstresses
of the sayings of the " freed men,"
Smyrna times., 1861-05-30

A Battalion is smaller than a Regiment
say two or four compa anies-and is commanded
by major. A Regiment s composed of ten
conf MES, and is comma nded by colonel il
has also a lieutenant colonel and major. A
Brigade is composed of two or more regiments
and is. commanded by a brigadier-general.-
Lieutenant general is an office created IN hon.
or of Gen Scott, after the war with Mexico
and is, in this country, peculier to him only.
Smyrna times., 1861-05-30

CoNFIsCATING PRoPERTY.-A large amount
of bitterness between the Slave and anti. Stave
States has grown up because many persons in
the latter hold the doctrine there can be no
property in man. Slaves said the former, are
property, and as property the owners cannot
be deprived Of them.
Admitting that slaves are property, in what
position does the recent conduct of the Con.
federate States place it! Governor Brown, of
Georgia has undertaken to confscate the prop.
erty of all Northern men. Alabama and South
carolina have also made advances in that di.
rection-or what is the same thing they absolve
all Southern debtors from payment of Northen
debts.
Thus, it is said, two hundred millions of
dollars Indebtedness may be wiped out. A
most convenient process How many north.
ern creditors have declined to pay money hoR"
eslly due to southern creditors None-we
have never heard OF one So much for
Southern justice, and honor and regard for
the Constitution!
What an example for shareholders to set to
northern men! 1t will not be without effect.
Is slave property more sacred than other prop
erty II the rule of confscating property is
good for one side it may be considered equally
good for the other. Ii is poor rule that won I
work both ways! Ifthe Southern States can
abrogale debts at their will-snd discharge an
Indebtedness of labor or money, they cannot
complain the example finds imitators. The
ehalce mny return to their own lips
Smyrna times., 1861-05-30

An exchange says that the best cure for the
paIpitation of the heart is to leave # hugging
and kissing the gIrls. We say if that is the
only remedy, "lel her palPitate."
Smyrna times., 1861-05-30

The man who lives for himself alens livss
for q mean fellow. .rs
Smyrna times., 1861-05-30

THE AEERIcAN FLAG-Hs true Size and
Shape.-Just now national flags are made Of
every possible size and shape, according to cir
cvmstances, but the standard size TOR the army
is fixed at six feet six inches in length by four
feet tour inches in width; The number of stripes
is thirteen, seven red and six white. The blue
field for the stars is the width and square of
the first seven stripes-four red and three
white. and those stripes extend IRON the ex.
tremity of the fele to the end of the flag
The eighth stripe is white, and forms plea
SAINT relies to the blue ground of the feld.--
The number of the stars is thirty-four, one be-.
ing added on the admission of each State.
Smyrna times., 1861-05-30

.o,ase ~. ll s,,s ,a.a g.be A.tl9
Arkansas true Democrat., 1861-01-19
MORNING, JANU'RY 19. 1861.
Meeting of the Cabinet.

,,, " NisHNGToN, Jan. 12.--Lieutenant ialhot's dispatches were laid before the eaoinet last night. There is no reason to believe that anything further will be yielded to South Carolina.
 All Forts in tho Pensacola Harbor Aban-
 doned Except Fort Pickens. ., CHARLEsroN. Jan PA telegrapbic dispatcilto the Charleston Courier says: lhe federal treeps haveabandonea all forts on the Pensacola harbor except fort Pick ems.
 Gen. Dix Confirmed as Secretary of the
 Treasury.
 WASHINGTON. Jan 12-The Senate. in executive session yesterday, confirmed the appointment, by the President, of Gen. Jnhn A. Dix, of New York, as secretary oi the treasury. The cabinet is now unit.
 Virginia Legislature. RICHMOND. .laa. LA joint resolution Was adopted by the legislature to-day, ask Ing President Buchanan for the assurance that affairs woall remain in statu quo for sixty days, except to repel invasion.
 Excitement at Charleston Abating.
 AsniNeToN, Jan. l2.- Telegraph dis patches received from Charleston, S. C., yesterday, say ghe excitement has some what abated, oG.account Of the pacific tone .of the news s,.aiiged from Washington. rs M Legislature :-s..'' s---- ALBANY. N. r., Jan, 12.-Resolutions were introduced and almost unanimously passed yesterday in the legislature, ten derlng money and men to the United States.
Arkansas true Democrat., 1861-01-19
Number 16.

States. She had many wild lands. she bor- dered on the Indian nation, which was A matter of delicate and interesting cons;d. eratIon. For these and many other con. sideratlons, Arkansas cannot lead, but a convention will decide what course she will take in the pending crisis. It may be that alter the fourth of March half the post. ofiices in the State may be vacant, it may oe , mat the Indian agencies may be imme. "iately changed. And many other things oi importance to us may and will take Piace before the fourth of March, hence tue necessity ot convention to take all 'hese into consideration and indicate the course our State should pursue. A State under the constitution may have arms or may procure them. She may have well drilled troops, and if necessity requires it, she may fight. But if she would consult Tn an authoritative way about another go- vernment. on taking new position among States, she must act through a conven. ton. The authority must come from tho people acting by and through convention. Inns Is the only power and source from winch the right can be derived to make and nhmake governments. Although the go. vefnment may be broken and ruined, vet publicly hy solemn enactments we are known as part of the United Staies to the world It Is duty which a sovereign State owes to herself, to other States. and to the opinion of all civilizesl men. if that condition Is changed, to make it known hv solemn sovereign enactment. This can only be done by Il convention held directly nnder the authority of the people. There lore having due respect for the opinion of men and States, we should act with that dignity that would entite us to their re. spect.
 then spoke of arming the militia, and concluded, the question before the egis- iatnre was as to whether they would have convention or not, and as to whether an act act for a convention did not commit the legislature to secession.
 The question now is. did I declare for out and out secession, without regard to co. operative action among southern states.
 Is It not clear to all that the question of direct secession or of CO., operative secession IS not touched at all. The reason why they were not touched or argued, was because they were not the questions necessary at that tlme. The questions were whether tho crisis warranted the legislature in calling convention
 Ii the convention is called by an act of the legislature, then ] will not hesitate at the proper time, if desired, to give my views upon direct secession and co-opera- ton as to the State of Arkansas.
 Respectfully. JAS. YELL.
Arkansas true Democrat., 1861-01-19
Memphis and Arkansas River
 U. $. Mail Line. as;sqllssssr This line will be z.siEE., ?

TOMPOSED of entire NEW BoATs this N season, to wit: A. II. SEVER. WM. WINDSOR, Commander CHESTER ASHLEY, REESE PRlTcHARp. SOUTH BEND, R. L. HAYNES
 FREDERIC NOTREBE, JNo. D. ADAMS.
 The above mentioned Boats are now finished and will enternhe Memphis and Little Rock U. S. Mail trade on the first rise in the Arksnsas River and remain permanently in the trade.
 They are first class passenger Boats, built ex rressly for the trade, and are equped and furnished elegantly z Their days for leaving Little R ock arc Sunaays, Wednesdays and Fridnys at ID P. NJ and sleave es Pine uff for Memphs on Mondays, Thursduys and Saturdays at o'clock, P. M, connecting at Nap leon with Regular Packets for New Orleans, an at Memphis with Regular U $. Mai Packets for St. Louis, Cairo, Louisville and Cincinnati, with. the Memphis and Ohio Raroad and the Memphis and Charleston Railroad for all points North, East and West
 7 small Boats will connect with this line al Little Reck to and from Fort Smith, Van Buren, Ozark, Dardanelle andan points intermediate.
 torlurther information apply on bo tri the Boats, orto JNO. D. ADAMS. ~ er.f r Superintendent.
 or c. s. MORRISON, Agent.
 lU, lSbP ly Little Rock
Arkansas true Democrat., 1861-01-19
NM M riNCKARD, CLAIBORNE STEELE, FERDINAND
 PlNCKiKu.
.. FINCKARD, STEELE & CO, Wholesale Grocers and Dealers in Wines Liquors, Tobacco, Cigars etc, etc,
 NEW ORLEdNS, LA.

-+ FIN CkARD, siTEEbEi & CO, Wholesale Grocers and Dealers in Wines,
 hlquors, Tobacco Cigars, etc, etc,
 NEW OKLEdNS, LA.
 WYE have tried the ctetit experiment W long enough to lie satisfied that 1t does not suit the grocery business, and those who wish their ortler proper filled wi,t just such articles as they describe will Go well to instruct their cotton f,ctors or comm ssion merchants to pay the grocery bills mohthly,o to send Us monthly remittances II they will do either, We will warrant tislction both ill qualities and price, for We intend to confne our safes to such orders, and we fully believe that those who can conveniently comply with our terms will directly find the great advantage oi dealing with d house untramnei ed by mixed business of cash and credit, by which the punctua customer has to be averaged with the slow and doubtful. Orders for iamly and plantation supplies will always have prompt and careful attention, and country mer chants will find liberal margin for profits.
 We deem It unnecessary to give long catalogue of the articles deal in, sutcing to say that we have constantly on hand, Pork, Flonr, Lard, Bacon, Beef, Salt, Whisky, Tobacco, and all other planta- ton supplies, together with the best and freshest supplies Tor family use that can he procured. And also complete stock of Boat and Bar Stores- And we have made favorable arrangements in Ger. many, France, England and Havana, for the direct Importation ot the best brands Of Wines Brli,iies Sauces, Said Oils, Porter, Ale, Cigars etc., etc And such articles as our customers may order and we have not in store (of exactly the kind or brand described will procure from other imp ,rters or dealers, at cash prices, aud M their orders literal, and carefully.
 Planters and merchants who order their supplies through cotton factors or commission merchauts will to us favor (ard themseIv es service we be. lieve,) by instrueting them to buy of us. No req sonable factor or agent can or will object
 PlNCkARD, STEELE X co.
 Sent 90 lSG0 ly
Arkansas true Democrat., 1861-01-19
For the True Democrat,

For the True Democrat.
 The Blind Boys Petition. Oh let me go to school, Mother, You said that should go Where the Blind are taught to read and write Ard work, and music too. They feel upon the map so light For countries far away, Anl many curious things they learn Oh let me go to-day. I'd give the world to read, Mother, In Gods most holy word I'd fec! out ali the stories there, Which Pve so gladly heard. How Samuel heard Jehovah's voice, Of Joseph sold away; But best of all of Jesus love
 Oh let me go to-day. cannot see your face, Mother, know it must be fair, II but the half your kindly deeds, Are clearly pictured there. The sky is all blank to me, The sun sheds not one ray; My life is an unvared shade
 4 night without day. And yet would not pine. Mother, Though all is dark to me; 'iwero wrongto murncr at my lot, And vainly wish to see. .H...s rl But Oh. one sim lie boon crave, One light to cheer my way, With knowledge feed my hungry mind - Oh! let me go to-day. My clothes are patche'l and coarse Mother, My shoes are out the toes, Bat there my paymates will be blind, And cannot see my clothes. al know we're very poor indeed, But have heard them say, That some are there as poor as l. Oh! let me go to-day. When am gone to school, Mother, fou'll have one less to feed- You will not have to work so hard, To meet the daily need. And will study hlrd to learn, ..,,.. Throush life to work my way; And hep you when I am a man
 Oh! let me go to day. Say not the school must fail, Mother, Because the blind are poor Eve head them say our noble State, Has hoarded gold in store. They've made the Dumb to sing with ioy, And sure they will lot stay, Till they shall cheer the Blind with light Oh! let me go to day.
Arkansas true Democrat., 1861-01-19
$50 REWARD.

DANAWAY from the subScriber'ss>
 III plantation, Is miles below Little Rock. A Arkansas, on Saturday, 2lst inst, negro N man named JACK or JACKSON. Said nesro is of dark copper color, 20 or 9 years old, about feet or inches high, weighs l55 or 60 lbs, and is stout and well built He rode away light brown Ally years old, with blaze face, and MeNi can brand on the left hip or ihgh-had on a lighI cashmere crc s,-barred sack coat and black ool hut, alsotook with hirl pair Of coarse whitebank cts, pair of fair leather saddle-bags and fiddle will most likely go to the Cherokee Nation, where l undelsta he has mother living, a few miles west of Fayetteville. The above reward will be given for his apprehension and delivery 10 me al this place, or s25 will be paid if he is con fined in any iail in the State where can get him.
 J. w. McC0NAUCHEY.
 Liffle RoeL, Ayk. July %, 1860.
Arkansas true Democrat., 1861-01-19
White River and Napoleon Mail Line.
RunaaOay Negroes.
Jailer's Notice.

"AS committed to the jail of Van x. tNV Buren county, Arkansas, on the 18th sx September, A. D. 1860, n negro man who cal -SN his name ES WILLIAMS; and says he be- longs to MT. John Wilson, of Hinds county, Miss. Said boy is dark copper color, about 5 feet, ! inches high, weighs about l25 or 50 pounds, quick spoken. .- f Y. The owner of said boy is hereby notified to come forward, prove property pay charges and take him away, otherwise he will be dealt with accord ing tol aw. E
 JOHN M. BAILEY, Sheriff
 and Jailer of Van Buren county
 Sept. 29, le6o. 6m Cost ot adv. $26 or Sl per week.
Arkansas true Democrat., 1861-01-19
J OB WOR K 1

Our facilities for doing all descriptions of Job work can not be surpassed by any printing estab- ish nent in the country.
 We have procured, at a cost of over sixteen hun fred dollars, one of Isaac Adams mammoth print ng machines, which enables us to do work, and es- oecially pamphlet and book work in asuperiorstyle au at very low prices cEa
Arkansas true Democrat., 1861-01-19
$2o0 REWARD!

ON SATURDAY, June l6th, aA NJ 1860, Mr. William Standey, liv-i iS2Ste ing about 4 miles south of Hickory WI Plains, Prairie county, was brutaly mur- MA dered by his slave, Jeff. Said negro HN immediately fled. He is a bright ml- S latto, has an Indsn appearance; feet k ID inches high; spare built; can read has blotches on his cheeks. When he left he had bar of iron attached to his ankle and had marks of lately being whipped; weighs about l55 pounds; about 2S years old.
 The above reward will be paid for the apprchen sion of said negro.
 IL is supposed that he has made his way to the Indian country or to free State. Address .t... ELIZABETH STANDLEY.
 August 2a, le6O. tf. Hickooy Plains