St. Mary's beacon., 1861-12-12

lucky are claimed to have vindicated their
loyalty to the Federal government.
In reference to the advance Of the
Union cause in the Southern States, the
President says.
/ The insurgents confidently claimed
strong support from north OF Mason and
Dixou's liue. aud the friends Of the I'm
ion were not free from apprehension on
the point This. however. was settled
de6nite. and cn the right sid..
South Of the line. noble little Delaware
led of tight from the first. Maryland
was mad. to seem against the Union. Our
soldicrs were assaulted, bridges were
u,ncd, and railroads torn up. within he,
Lnits, aud We were many days. at one
tune, without the ability to bring single
regiment over her soil to the capital.
Nuw her bridges and railroads ale re-
paired aud open to the Government.
She already giv,'s seven regiments I" the
cause Of the Umi"n, AVID none 20 the
enemy; and her pco, le at regular cleo
tion have sustained the Union by a larger
aggregate vote than they ever before gave
to any candidate or any question.
An insurscut force Of about fifteen
- tred for months dominating the har-
raw peninsular region IF the c"unti's OF
Acconac aud Northampton. and krox"
as the Eastern Shore of Virginia. togrth-
or with scare contignou parts OF Mary
land, have laid Gown their arms. and
the people there have renewed their al
/; cia..cr 10 and accepted the protection
ci the old flag. Thi, leaves no armed IN
surIeciionis,s North of the Potomac or
Ea>, Of the Chesapeake.
Als,, We have obtained footing at
each OF the isolated points on the southern
coas, of Hatt"ras. Port Royal, Tybee
Island, near Savannah. and Ship Island;
aud We likewise have some general ac-
counts Of popular movements i'll behalf of
the Union in North Carolina and TenneS-
see. These things demonstrate that the
cause of the UuioI is advancing steadily
sou,hward.
There is in the Message a grateful
tribute to General Scott, and splendid
reference to General MCCLELLAN. 1T is
IA fortunate circumstance says the Pvcsi-
dent. that neither in council or country
was there any difference Of opinion as to
the proper person to be selected" as Cen
crnl SCOTS SUCCESSOR The retiring
Chief repeatedly expressed hi> judgment
in favor ii Gen Mcclellan, anI in this
tue nation seemed to give AL unan:muus
concurrence The Message concludes
as f"llows:
It continues to develop that the insur-
rection is largely. if not exclusively. a
war upon the first principles Of popular
eovcrnment---tl,e rights of the people.
Conclusive evidence Of this Is found in the
most grave aud ma,urely considered pub
lie documents. as we'll as in the general
tone Of the insurgents. In those docu-
ments We find the abrilgcment Of the ex-
i.,ing right of suffrage aud the denial to
The people Of oil right to participate in the
selection Of public officers, excep, the leg
islative. boldly advocated. with labor-d
arguments. to prove that large contr"l Of
the people in government is the source of
all political evil. Monarchy itself Is
SOM times limited ut as a possible refuge
from the power Of the people.
In my present position. could scarce
ly be justified were to omit raising warn
ing voice against this approach Of return
ing 'iespotism.
1t is not needed nor fitting here. that a
general argument should be made in favor
Of popular institutions. But there is one
point. with its connections, not so hack
<Nth Ga xpI, Il .olr
brief attention it is the effort to place
capital on an equal footing with. if not
ahnve, labor, in the structure Of the
Government 1t is assumed that labor
is available only in connection with cap
al.-,hat nobody lahors unless some-
body else, owning capital somehow. by
the use Of it. induces him to labor-
This assumed. it is next considered
whether i, is best that capital hall hire
laborers. and thus induce them to work
by their own consent, or buy them. and
drive them TO it, without their cGn>rnt
Having proceeded so far, i, is naturally
concluded that all lab"rers are either
hired iaborers or what We call slaves !;
aud further, it is assumed that. whoever
is once hired laborer is fixed in that
condition for life Now. there is no
such relation between capital and labor
assumed. nor is there any such thing rs
a freeman being fixed for life in the
condition Of hired laborer. Both these
assumptions are false. and all differences
from them are groundless. Labor is
pricr to aud independent Of capital
Capitals ouly the fruit Of labor. and could
never have existed ii labor had not fist
existed. Labor is the superior Of CAPT
tai. and deserves much the higher con-
sidcration, Capital has its rights. which
are as ~orthy Of protection as any Other
rights. Nor is it denied that there is.
aud probably always will be. relation
between labor aud capital, producing
mutual benefits. The error is in assum-
ing that the whole labor Of the commu-
nifty exists within that relation. A few
men own capital. aud that few avoid la
Dor themselves. and with their capital
hire, or buy another few tn labor for
than. A large majority belong to neith-