The weekly mountain Democrat. [volume] (Placerville, El Dorado County, Calif.) 1861-1862, 1861-06-15

SSsho8 ~ OAAop 289 SAShB OOoGS
1Artesisn wUlis uFe Grtit1CtEt springs,
which can be located wherever needed,
and which possess all the permanency and
other desirable qualities Of natural foun.
tains.
They differ from wells OF the ordinary
kind in being bored and not dug; in be-
ing usually bat few inches in diameter +;
in being lined with metallic OF wooden
tube in their greater depth, which in
some instances In more than two thousand
feet; and in many, but not all cases, fur.
nishing supply Of water which contin.
uAlly OverflOwA
Such wells are adapted to localities
where water cannot be reached by the
ordinary process Of digging; to manufac.
turing establishments where 9 large sup.
ply Of water IL needed; to those 10 which
it is desirable to have water rise without
the aid Of pumps; 10 raising brine, oil, or
other substances from great depths, with
out mixing with surface water and they
have been used for purposes Of irrigation,
where rain Is not abundant
They are board, in Garth, BY gradually
forcing down tubes Of metal or wOUd, and
at the same time Withdrawing the earth
from the inside Of the tube by means Of
q sand pump. This pump is q tube two
or three feet long, and nearly as long %
the bore OF the welI.tube, with valve at
the buttOm opening upward by work.
ing this pump up and down in water in.
side the tube, the lOoseDed earth gradually
uNa a.. w~1s- - = a.
pump, and Is then raised TO the surface.
When st'neS or hardened earth are met,
they are broken by means Of chisel point
ed rods prepared for the purpose. Rock
Is bored by means Of appropriate drills,
and the loOsencd matter raised by the
sand pump. The tools used in drilling
rock are II many and very curious pat.
terms, to suit the particular cases which
occur. The expedients rcsorted to for
extracting broken tools, and overcoming
other difficulties which arise in the pro.
grtss Of the work, are remarkable both
for their ingenuity and success. The
tools are usually attached to wooden or
iron rods, which reach the whole depth OF
the well. These rods are in joints OF
manageable length, usually about thirty
feet, and are screwed together as they are
SnceSsively put in the tube or boring /;
and unscrewed every time they are raised
out This putting together aud taking
apart the joints Of the rods consumes a
great deal Of time, and renders the whole
work q slow one. For hosting the rods
and working the drills, manual labor,
horse, steam, or water power is used, &C.
cording TO the magnitude and location OF
the work.
The most remarkable well Of this kind
in the United States IL at Louisville, Ken
lucky. II is 2OS6 feet deep, with bore
Of three inches, and has flow Of $50, 900
gallons Of water in twenty-fOur hours.
The water, by its own pressure, rises in
pipe ITO feet above the surface. Its TEN.
perature Ia 70 IL degrees Fahrenheit
throughout the year. The quality Of the
water Is brackish.
There is u wen In . brewery at st.
Louis, which IL 2l90 feet deep. The
water is sulphurou& The cost Of this well
is variOusly stated from $4,000 to $9O,.
600.
The famous artesian we'll at Grenelle,
in Paris, is 1881 feet deep, and Jas di.
smeter Of over seven inches. 1t pOurs
out 100000 gallons Of water in day.
The temperature If the water il 81 de-
greea Fahrenheit. II is well adapted for
al domestic useA
Artesian wells have been very common.
" end successfully bored in central and
western Alabama and the adjoining parts
Of Mississippi. WALES Report on the
Agriculture and Geology Of Mississippi
sage thsEs ere net leSs than Ave hundred
Of theSe wells in Alabama; and one hun
dred IL MisSissippi. ThOse4iR thsolattcr
State range in depth from 116 to $40 feet.
The water in them ordinarily rises from
three to five feet above the surface, and
discharges from 20 to 100 gallons min.
ute In making the wells, . bored log ia
usually inserted down to the indUraled
mari or lime rock. When compact rock
is penetrated, and sandy. incOherent strata
are met with, tubing becomes NecesGaVy;
sheet iron In generally used for the pIv-
pose. Thirty feet day can be bOFed in
the sO0 lime rock, but not more than ten
in the sand rock or green sand. Fifty
feet is sometimes accomplished the HVs!
day. The ordinary chargseSP boring Ia
thirty. three cents . foot ISF Ne 1lrSt 500
feet for the next 800 feet, 'fisty cents
and over 500 feet, ono ddIIar foot. Tu.
bling with sheet iron Is estimated to cost
fifty cents the foot. --'''
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