The Plymouth weekly Democrat. (Plymouth, Ind.) 1860-1869, 1861-12-05

vi llOse NldleS. III COcs HOt dulnt Ol uOuDt llldC
important commercial advantages light be sccur-
ed 10y favorable treaties with them.
THE TREASURY.
The operations of the Treasury during the pc
riod which has elapsed since your adjournment,
have been conducted with signal success. The
patriotism of the people has placed at the disposal
of the Government the large means demanded by
the public exigencies. Much of the National
Loan has been taken by citizens Of the industrial
classes whose confidence in their cOuntrys faith,
and whose zeal for their countrv'S deverance from
its present peril, have induced them to contribute
to the support of the Government the whole of
their limited acquisitions. This fact imposes pc
culiar obligations TO economy IN disbursement and
energy in action.
RECEIPTS AND EXPENSES.
The revenue from all sources. including loans,
for the financial year ending on the Both of June,
1851, was ST, SO. 900 p; and the expenditures
for the same period, including payments on account
of the public debt. 81, SIS ,03l 81. leaving
a balance in the Treasury the lst of July of
s., PSI ,065.60.
For the first quarter OF the financial year end
ing the 30th Septembar, 1861, the receipts from
all sources including the balance from July lst,
were 500 ,5O9.27, and the expenditures $685..
239, 300, leaving balance ON the LIST October,
1851, of 1929, 116.lS.
Estimates for the remaining three quarters of
gether with his views Of the WAYS ard means for
meeting the demands contemplated by them will
be submitted to Congress by the Secretary of the
! Treasury. II Is gratifying to know that the eX-
penses made necessary by the rebellion are not be-
yond the resources of the iovai people, and to
believe that the same patriotism which has thus
far sustained the Government will continue to
sustain it till rcace and union shall again bless the
land.
TttE " Mp ,pTtirIT
respectfully refer to the report of the Sccreta-
ry OF War for information respecting the numcr
zeal strength OF the army, and for recommenla-
tons having in view an increase of its efficiency,
and the well being of the various branches of ser
vice entrusted to his 1t is gratifying know
that the patriotism Of the people is equal to the
casiou, and that the number of troops rendered
greatly exceeds the force which Congress author
lied me to call into the field. | refer with pleas
ure to those portions of his report which make
allusion to the credi,abe degree Of discipline al
ready attained by troops, aud to the excellent
Sanitary condition of the entire army. The rec
condemnation by the Secretary for organization
OF the militia upon Il untO m basis is Il subject of
vital Importance to the future lfety of the coun-
try, and is commended to the serious attention of
Congress. A large addition to the regular army,
i'll connection with the detection that has so con
Siderably diminished the number of its officers,
gives peculiar Importance to his recommend .tion
for increasing the corps of cadets to the greatest
capacity of the Military Academy.
cuAPLAINS FOR THE ARMY.
By mere omission, presume, Congress has
failed To provide Cha llins for the hospitals Occu-
pied by volunteers This subject was brought to
my notice ard was induced TO draw up the form
OF Il letter, one copy of which, properly addressed
to each OF the persons and ut the dates respect
lively named and stated in schedule containing,
also the form OF the letter, marked "A, )" and here
with transmitted. These Sentlcmcn, understand,
entered upon the duties Designated at the times
respectfully stated in the schedule, and have la
bored faithfully ever since. | further recommend
that they be compensated at the same rate as
Chapains i'll the army. further suggest that gen
cal provision be made for ChaplaiIis to ut
hospitals rs well as regiments.
The repor; o. the Secretary of the Navy pre-
SCENTS III detail nc operations of that branch of the
public service, and the activity ana energy which
have characterized its administration and the re-
suits OF measures 10 increase il efficiency anu
power Such nave been the additions, by con-
struction and purchase, that it may almost be said
Eavy has been created and brought into service
stree our difficulties commenced Besides block
aiding our extensive coast, siuadronS larger than
ever before assembled under flag have been
put atlCat and have performed deeds which have
increased our naval rcnOwn. / would invite spe-
cal attention to the recommendation of the Sec
rotary OF the navy for Il more perfect organization
OF the navy by Introducing additional grades into
the service. The present organization is defective
anu unsatisfactory and the suggestions submitted
by the Department will, it is believed. if adopted
obviate the difficulties alluded to- promote harno-
ny, and increase the efficiency of the navy
REORGANIZATION OF TIE SUPREME COURT.
There are three vacancies ON the bench of tie
Supreme Court two by the deccase of Just ecs
Daniel and Mclean, and one by the resignation
of To- "a hay fart
nominations to fill these vacancies, for reasons
which | will now state. Two of the outgoing
Judges resided within the States now overrun by
revolt so that if successors were appointed in the
same localities, they could not serve upon their
circuits, and many OF the most competent men
there probably would not take the personal hazard
OF accepting to serve even here upon the Supreme
Bench. 1 have been unwilling to throw all the
appointments nOrthward, thus disabling myself
( from doing Justice to the South the return of
peace, although may remark that to transfer to
the North one which has heretofore been in the
South, would not, with reference to territory
and population, be unjust. During the long and
brilliant judicial career Of Judge Mclean, his
circuit Grew into empire altogether too large
for an one Judge to give the Courts therein more
than a NOMINEE attendancc, rising IN population
from ,110,0J0 in lS5i, to O,.3l 100 in 1869. Be
sides this, the country has generally outgrown our
present judicial system. il uniformity was at all
intended, the system requires tllat all The states
shall be Accommodated with Circuit Courts, attended
| by Supreme Judges. while in fact Wisconsin,
Minnesota, Iowa, Kansas, Florida, Texas, Califor-
MIA and Oregon have never had any such courts.
| Nor this be well remedied without a change of
the system, because the adding o. Justices TO the
Supreme Court cnou9h for the accommodation OF
all parts of the country with Circuit Courts would
create Court altogether too dangerous for a jul
dicial body of any sort, and the evil Off be one
that will increase as new States come into the
! Union Circuit Courts are useful or they are not
useful. lfuseful, no State should be denied them;
/ if not useful, no State should have them. Let
them be provided for all or abolished as to all.
/ Three notifications to me here, which
think would be an Improvement upon our present
system. Let the Supreme Court be of convent
ent number in every event; then, first, let the
whole country be divided into circuits of vcni
ent size, the Supreme Judges to serve in a num-
Der of them corresponding to their own number,
and independent Circuit Judges be provided tor
all the rest; or, secondly, the Supreme Judges be
relieved from Circuit duties and Circuit Judges be
provided for all the Circuits; or, thirdly, dispense
with Circuit Courts altogether, leaving the judi
cial function wholly to the District Courts and an
independent Supreme Court.
CoDIFYiNG THE NATIONAL LAWS.
/ respectfully recommend to the consideration