Daily intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, Va. [W. Va.]) 1859-1865, 1861-04-03

nearly the whole cdid teial. industrial
and agricultural buSl5 Oh the country.
pays tWo-thirds Of 3he government *.
pensesi aud contrtbuteI iIn annual income
to his owner. s-af
PoIiFlq FeoSo %, prsSJ4.
There never was 4 ReddbtrS sclainiing to
posses great prospetifY aud enioYiny a
superior state OF eiR ikatfun which siiIts as
not pointed With pridsit0 the size Of its
cities and its populatid5 as an evidence of
the justice of It's cItia. Russia alone
forms m exception totAis ruls. Tie six
hundred and sixty cititI she holds, 3hre
small rnnd very thinlJ populatedy or a
Popniatiou -of. .fifty -eigh millions ONLY ave
millions of inhabitants live in cities:
whilst In Great Britain, trastauee, eIeV.
en- millions, more than half OF th popn-
lation, lnhabtt towns. Besides, the Rus
sian cities have nosreYeaue, and the city
OF Paris alone pays four times the tax OF
tne SIX hupdred and sixty, cities Of. Rus
sins Ia reality Russia = but .au immense
village of 81, 900 square miles. with 5ycrv
little trnde and very tittt industry. and
consequently without eIeat commercial
centres. Nearly all he's resources lie in
the produce of the soil, fnd the nrricui-
tural Interest occupies teuR eleyenths of MI
her lRborers tsaE ,4t3j j.saIE =.
. IL isEclear that fiber Elites arc empty.
the class which makes tliAIr greatness md
their prosperity must ID very limited
Russia possesses only fify-three thousand
merchants subject to license. fifty one
Thousand of which bcitDg to the third
guild or class, and are mostly recruited
among mannmitted serb. This number
would be quite insufficient to carry ON the
trade of the country wersnot one hundred
thousand peasants flIlihehp the efficiency
and adding their ACTIVITY and industry to
that of the merchants eThese peNsSnts
are regular pedlnrs. TE,sy bny M. 's1,a%Ss coo5s
at twelve months credit. and ssrhttsr Tho
produce Of industry all over the surface
of their immense coupfy, taking some
times year to perform single Journey.
= Need we say tlnlt the absence Of hrge
cities and of merchants! to iill them mn.
precludes there those large manufacturing
establishments which are.the fortune and
pride of certain other countries. and
around and inside of which circulate md
thrive whole generations of mcu, women
and chillren2 Owing to her fettcred svs
tenn of labor, Russia still fingers in the
first smge of civilization. She is almost
exclusively an agricultural country; and
her factories, though pumcrous, are SO
deficient and so small, that they hardly
deserve thatannme. The largest mart of
their products Is made BY hand. and the
division of labor Is scarcely known
StesIm-engines are scarce and manufac-
tured goods both conrse and high pricpd.
Collective labor, which has added SO much
to the cheapness and quality of ,mRnhfac-
lures, has not yet heen applied with eff.
Ciensy, Consequently tgere are no atti-
5sta1sjj grsrsilllfi s singrnen proper.
The PEA asihtry or sert5 do all the work
"a nelqsel Igs, ocelpT qll The trade, and at
teliti 20 - ltife man "a employment nj the
country.
TAXES UPON THE sRRF.
Saint Simon, the French reformer savs.
t'AInn is capital, the interest of Which
ought to be proportional 10 his rnno,.;ty.
and wants. If he is worth so much H..
must receive SO much.R The Russian nro-
prietor observes but the first part of this
axiom He snys to his serf: .You arc
young, healthy, iabortous YOU have intel
ligeuce, honesty and skill; these qualities
summed up, represent a canitnl worth So
much" But instead of leaving him the
enjoyment of his value to himself. he birp,
him out and keeps the proceeds Of HE In.
Dor 10 himself This H.. in general tbc
method ndopted by the Russian eerf. .ownor
towards his human property. which in
most of the cases hc nses ,o i,is o,vN l..;.. III
pretty much as the slnve.owner lisps HE
"nigger." In fact, the condition of The
peasant belonging to the nobility. denends
entirely on the prUprietor's will He cnn
sell, hire, exchange him for another, pro.
vidCd he does not separate him from the
land 10 which he belongs. When the ssrF
wishes to work outside of his estate mr.
village, he is Obliged to nav a yerv hiVi,
price furrhis privilege, to the, crown if he
belongs to it, or TO his master. If he il
owned by nobleman. -,5-.'...
THE condition of the peasantry depend-
cnt ON the nobility is in the main worse
than those edependent on the crown. The
tool of the caprice of ignorant and exact.
ing overscers, he is crushed under the
weight of forced labor, submitted to extra