davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Clearfield Republican. [volume] (Clearfield, Pa.) 1851-1937, 1861-01-23

A ScRAr of History ry.-'rhere have heen
ten specific attic npts TO defy the authori.
ty of the Federal G 1vernment since its
formation.
The first was ia 1889, aud was a conspi>
racy of some of the officers of the Federal
army to consolidate the thirteen States
into one and confer the supreme power
on Washington. r~r7 l..
The second was in 1855 called Shay s
Insurrection, in Massachusetts,. rar
The third was in 1874, popularity calle d
"the Whiskey Insurection of P.nsylya-
MIA"
The fourth Instance was in l700, by the
opponents of the Sedition laws, known in
Berks county as the "Schreck enzeiten. -
or "Rcign OF Terror" The federal troops
took one of the editors of the Adler,
Judge Snyder, to the market place and
horse, whip ed him, which ended the in
surreclion.
Hartford Convention of the Federal
lists.
The sixth. on which occasion the differ
ent sections of the Union came into coils
ion, was in 1920, under the adminstra-
ton of President Monroe, and occurred
on the question of the admission of Mis-
souri, into the Union.
The seventh was q collision between
the Legislature of Georgia and the FEEDER
al Government, in regard to certain lands
given by the latter to the Creek Indians.
The eighth was in 1920, with the Cher
okees in Georgia.
Clearfield Republican. [volume] (Clearfield, Pa.) 1851-1937, 1861-01-23

p6-A western editor, in giving an ac-
count of a tornado, heads it as foliows:-
"Disgraceful thunder storm" By refer
euce to another article in the same paper
il will be seen that he had got two para
graphs mixed, for the other Is headed
obstructive street 6ght--a man horse
whipped"
Clearfield Republican. [volume] (Clearfield, Pa.) 1851-1937, 1861-01-23

retreated from his bouca Tho ;oolo,o
husband nax. ol,,; u,,auL;,
ana. and had o;ver ,b;s t.,. % ogond IL,
an opnortuit, of no;so, H. Ia, n.
Only the prince.s hoy;n, hoco,,a
lousin.ed with the eecrat oflio n,s, ,;c,
had resolved to be beforehand with hin,
and the bottle of wine was already druc.
ped with the treocheron. liouid o,os
ed from the Same old fortune teller. tllat
waste end his career that very night
The fisherman shuddered. "Do Won
bestow your gift, on none but wick ed
people ?" said he to the GODDESS g'
Not 50. nrcplicd the lady. ii, is NOT me
fault il people peryer nv gifts [ told
you it would be difficult for Won TO nal a
choice" @ ..' I.f
AGAIN Beppo mustered The brilliant
throng in the garden, and pointed TO n
man with Enc, grave countenance. who
was slowly pacing retired alev, saw ne
&" He. at any rate looks Grand md nollo
and wise and think may safely take
his conscience upon me-"
"You shall learn his thoughts al this
m 1ment," said the lady when tbo fsher,
man peering into the depths of his mind
as into pool of clear woter heard hin,
thinking II must find the spot where
the pumpkins grow. for feel | shall soon
take re ot."
"what ribLersh is he talkinr'" inouir.
ed Beppo.
"The ,iLberjsh of one who will SOON ho
confirmed msniac.r replied Dame For
tune. "He wanted. forsootb, to plav NV
part in the drama Of life and adiudre ia
himself the property of deceased friends
son, entrusted to his guardianship. lie
Clearfield Republican. [volume] (Clearfield, Pa.) 1851-1937, 1861-01-23

bey~"Come here, my lad, said an at
torney to a boy Of about nine years DID,
"a case is between the devil aud the peo
ple--vhich do you think will be most
likely to gain the action :" The boy re-
piled: twill be hard squeeze: the
people have the most money, but the dew
il has the most lawyers"
Clearfield Republican. [volume] (Clearfield, Pa.) 1851-1937, 1861-01-23
VOL. XXXl.-WHOl.Es NO. 1899
TWENTY YEARS AFTER MAR
4. 81. -...--a RIAGE. - ~. u

When jadsd by the toll. sflife, 9'N-- sa
= The anxious caro- and petty strife, = e, !
That every day surround me, 81 j. n
: How sweet to leave such ills behind, no
a And seskrepose to wearied. mind, 5d n
BY straying through those woods so wild, 4,
g Andiecling once more like achild, y n,t
With dog and gun beside me-, ., ..,--,.l
.asThoush many ysars have passed away, 81
And time and care have made me gray d
sill youthful sports delight me;
And al the scenes os ether days,
Ny 'possun hunts and oi.boy plays,
Come often frcsh to me again,
Iscvivipg me ms summer rain '' 10
Rcrives the plants around me- '... Aa.
And now and then some soothing chime
Roll bn OK for n the wheels Of time,
And there she stands before me!
The sweetest girl ever knew,
With heart as pure as morning dew, ..
With all the charms of" sweet sixteen"
More lovely than an eastern queen, 81. d..
H lhe very girl that bound me.
All boun d me heart and hand for life,
Bceau so she is so good wifc
And boon companion for me.
Her worth now makes me prize hcr more
Than ever beauty did before,
And all the wrinkles Oa her brow .#
But make me love her better aoE.
As years come stealing DER me. .. ..r.-
Clearfield Republican. [volume] (Clearfield, Pa.) 1851-1937, 1861-01-23

ssy-A man is obliged to keep his word
when nobody will take H. '''i' o'lHA 2 ''''
The Evansville daily journal. [volume] (Evansville, Ia. [i.e. Ind.]) 1848-1862, 1861-09-21
ORDER OF COUNCIL DIRECTING
LOTS TO BE FILLED.

And now here it appearing TO the Common Coun-
ell Of tie City Of Evansville, that Lots Nos. H. 49,
and IA, IN Block No, 7s in LamGsco, now City Of
Evansville, is situated that water collects aad
remains stagnant thereon, and the owner or own
ers Of said lots hereby directed and required BY
the said Council to I'LL up said Lots 20 such height
as win prevent water from collecting and romain-
ing stagnent thereon, within thirty days from the
passage Of this order.
I, Patrick Burke, Clerk Of the City Of Evans
vil'e do he reby certify that the foregoing Is true
and complete copy Of an order Of said Council,
passed. the 10th day Of August, A. o. 1861, %
far as II relates 10 the within named l0tg.
In witness whereof, have hereunto Bub8cFlbed
my name and affixed the seal Of said City, this,
11th day Of September, A. D. 1881.
PATRICK BURKE.
The Evansville daily journal. [volume] (Evansville, Ia. [i.e. Ind.]) 1848-1862, 1861-09-21
List OF Arrivals at the Americas
IIouse, Sepeenaher 10.

I Jacques, POseyyiIle, Ind: o ii Kibbon Ass-
gustae Ky; Sandersou, Paducah, KY; ] Davis,
Paducan, KY; W Sanderson, Paducah, Ky; Mad :
dens Henderson; RI Winter, Cincinnati, 03 w A
Gwyn, City; J II Fitch, MT Vernon, Ind; G q VIII
son, owensboro, Kyis p Johnston. Osvensboros
Ky; o A Knapp, Louisville, KY; L Morehead,
South Oarolton, KY; Bfr Williams, Uni0ntoWn, KY;
7 d Tilford, Henderson,, KY; Mans, Henderson,
KY; Carson, South Union, KY. II Bienett,
South Union, Ky; J A ~ Reynolds, Elktons Z P
Gray d Lady, Louisville, KY; b Car1fss Lady
jamestown, Ga; Ruglees Cane City, Kgs w nj
Arnold. Oakland, KY; W e Floid, KY; a VOORHEES,,
Terle Haute, Indi Clay Brown Ind; JtW Payne,
Sullivan county, Ky; B1ngarner, Indianapolis,
o; G Price; Bowling Greeb J w Ryan, Hussell-
Vile, KY; Roberts, do; J NJ Beal, Fair View; ]
Cooper, Louisville, KY; A 81 White, RusselIvfile,
KY; J Gonnley 4 Lady, dc; n B Wiggin, Rochess
ter, KY; n Rumsey, Greenviile, KY; w Turner,
Bardstown, KY; O II Fenton, Louisville, Ky; NJ
Buston, Elk ton, KY. e t61 f6f .-al
BoIooURT & PILLsBURY, Pros.
The Evansville daily journal. [volume] (Evansville, Ia. [i.e. Ind.]) 1848-1862, 1861-09-21

THE SAVAGE ALLIES OF SECESSION We
learn from the Southern Journals that the
crafty appeals, not unmingled with menaces,
by which the Cherokee nation has been so
long piled in order to procure its military
cooperation with the Confederate Govern
ment, have at last proved successful. 1t is
stated that John Ross, Chief of the Chero-
kee Indians, has announced in New Orleans
that at mass meeting on the 21st ulti-
mo, his people authorized their authorities
TO form an alliance with the Confederate
Government, and that mounted regiment
under Col. Drew, will be raised for the Con-
federate service.
The Evansville daily journal. [volume] (Evansville, Ia. [i.e. Ind.]) 1848-1862, 1861-09-21
ORDER OF COUNCIL DIRECTING LOTS
TO RF FfTIED

Aud now here il appearing TO the Comison Couu-
ell of the City Of Evansville, that Lot No. n, in
Block No. ., IN the Eastern EulsrRenent Of said
city is so situated that water collects and romaill
stagoant thereon, aud the owner or owners Of said
Lot hereby directed and required by the said
Council to I'LL up said Lot to such a height will
prevent water from collecting and remaining stag
uant thereon, within thirty days from the passagl
of this order.
/, Patrick Burke, CLERK Of the City Of Evansville,
do hereby certify that the foregoing Is true aud
complete copy Of an order Of said Council, passed
on the Sd day Cf August, A. D. 1861, far as t %
lates TO the within named Lot.
In witness whereof, I have hercunto subscribed
my name and affixed the seal Of said City this 18th
day of August, A. ID. 1891
augl4 PATRICK BURKE.
The Evansville daily journal. [volume] (Evansville, Ia. [i.e. Ind.]) 1848-1862, 1861-09-21
RAILROAD REcETPTs.

SEPTEMBER 20, 1851
IT bxs dry goods, bales do II Maghee & O.
bxs dry goods, II bxs shoes, bx thread, 8 boxes
hats, 1 bx boxes trunks, 2 bales mdse, i box
paper, twin bx liquor, cask hdw,I keg soda /
bx drugs, bx paper hangings, ky L black, ky
madden, bx axes, bx hdw, Crane & Brown; 2S4
bush wheat, 1gleheart Bros 16 boxes dry goods,
IL bxs boots, bales dry goods, Mackey, Henning
q Cos hf chests tea, bales mdse, shanklin &
Reilly; I bx drugs, X teller q White; 10 kgs lead W
Bierbower; rolls carpet, 4 bxs hatssJ Hopkins;
70 bxs tin plate 10 pigs iron, bdls IRON s
Orr; 1900 shingles, Geo Foster 3 Co, boxes dry
goods, g Vennemann; ky liquor, Happier; 1 bx
II goods, bureau, cradle, g chairs, w 6ilblett,
Henderson, Ky; 1 bx1eather, 9 bdls bows, c Bah
cock bx dig goods, bx thread, bales dry
CORDS, SIX feathers, Keen 8 Frestoni l bx, Mayor
Baker, bxs dry goods, Roser Bros; bx books, J
Healy; bbls oil, J White; 90 kegs soda, 40 bags
coffee, 20 bbls sugar, Preston Bros, 1 bx hdw, O s
Wells; % kgs soda, q Heimann; 0.bbls sugar,
bxs cassia; Bement 4 Viele; 2 bbls L wood, II
bxs drugs, bxs indigo, kgs drugs Big corks, 5
kgs soda, kg g tartar, LEIGH d earlstedt; bxs
dry goods, bale sheeting, Read Lawrence 4 Co,
Newburg; bx F goods, Is bxs boots box boots
and shoes, q bxs mdse, IT bxs hats, Read Law
renee; 2 bxs shoes, II d W W Morgan; hex s
machinery, B F Newland; bale sl1irts, r Barnes
8fs5 y eff A, r. sHRADERf Agt.
The Evansville daily journal. [volume] (Evansville, Ia. [i.e. Ind.]) 1848-1862, 1861-09-21
NATIONAL loan.

Pursuant to instructions from the Secretary o
the Treasury, book win be opened on the 23d day
of September, finst) at the Evansville Branch
Bank, for subscriptions under my superintendence
for Treasury Notes, to be issued under the act OF
July IT, 1861. These notes viii be Issued In sums OF
ffty dol airs, one hundred dollars, nye hundred
dollars, one thousand dollars, and Eve thousand
dollars each. dated 10th August, 1861 payable three
years after date, to the order of the subscriber
a. directed and bearing interest at the rate Of
$40 per cent. per annum, payable senni-annual.
y such interest being at the rate Of two cents for
each day on every hundred dollars. For the con-
Venience of the holder, each note will have con-
pons attached, expressing the several amounts OF
semi-annual interest, which coupons may be de
tached and presented for paymtnt separately from
subscriptions for such Treasury Notes viii be
received during fifteen days from the day of open
leg the books as Aforesaid. No subscription for
less than fifty dollars nor for any fraction Of that
sum, can be received Subscriptions of fifty dol
lars or one hundred dollars must be paid in lawful
coin of the I'm ted States at tho Tins Of subscri-
bling. Subscriptions of more than one hundred
dollars may be paid at once or, If preferred, one
tenth at the time Of subscribing, and onethird Of
the whole amount on every twentieth day thereaf-
ter until the whole shall be paid ~ payment Of
less than fifty dollars can be accepted, that being
the smallest sum for which Treasury notes can be
issued. e L 2. 4stt p 81 e p =
Certificates will be granted in duplicate to sub
scribers for the amounts O. paid, the original of
which the subscriber viii transmit by mall to the
Secretary of the Treasury, when Treasury Notes,
as aforesaid, will be issued thereon to such subscr
Der or his order, carrying interest expressed in
such certificate but in cases where only part Of
the amount subscribed Ii paid at the time of sub
scribiRg Treasury Notes win be issued only for the
payments made subsequently to the first, which
will remain until the whole amount subscribed by
such person shall be paid, when Treasury Notes
will be issued fer such first payment also. <On
payment of each deferred instalment, the snbscri-
Der will pay, in addition thereto, sum equal to
the interest accrued thereon from the 18th August
to the date of payment, and on final payment like
interest tbs amount paid on subscri ption, which
payments Of interest win be reimbursed 70 the
subscriber in the payment of the first coupon.
The Treasury Notes issued upon such certificates
by the Treasury will be 10 the subscribers by
mail, or such other ode as may be indicated by
them, when they transmit their original esrtih-
Gates. The duplicate certificates may be rsoained
by them for their security.
80 SAAL'L BAYARD, Cashier
sep1G-dIw9w2t Subscription Agent
The Evansville daily journal. [volume] (Evansville, Ia. [i.e. Ind.]) 1848-1862, 1861-09-21
ORDER OF COUNCIL DIRECTING LOTS
To RE FILLED

Aud now here Il appearingto theOommOn OOun-
ell of the City If Evansville, that Lot No. II, Ia
Block No. IT, Lamasco, now city of Evansville, is
so situated hat water collects and remains stag
uapr thereon, and the owner or owners Of said Lot
are hereby directed aud required by the said Coun
Gil to i'll up said Lot sueh height as viii pre-
vent water from collecting and remaining stagnant
thereon, within thirty days from the passage o.
this oFdSf
I, Patrick Burke, Clerk Of the City Of Evansville
do hereby certify that the foregoing 70 o true and
complete copy of an order Of said Council, passed
on the 9th day July, A D. 1861, 30 Tar II relates
to the within named Lot.
In witness whereof have hereunto subscribed
my name and affixed the seal Of sail City this 18th
sugI4 PATRICK BURKE.
The Evansville daily journal. [volume] (Evansville, Ia. [i.e. Ind.]) 1848-1862, 1861-09-21
A Few Plain words TO the merchants
or Evansville.

We wish to call the attention Of the mer-
chants and business men of this city, to the
fact, that they are preventing, by their in
action, the Organization of the Indiana Lee
giOn. Every man who has endeavored, in
the discharge of his duty, to recruit the COM
panies of the Legion, knows that the above
statement is fact, and that the result of
this effort to place Evansville in proper
state of defense, depends upon whether they
are willing to do their duty as becomes
brave men. The laboring men who have
been appealed to- say that when they see
those most interested in the defense of the
Border coming up to the work, they will
give their time and services to the Legion.
Strange as it may appear, the men of posi-
ton and property, who have stores and
dwellings to protect and goods to guard, ex-
pect the laboring men and clerks of the city,
who have absolutely nothing at stake, to
turn out and patrol the streets. that they
may rest in quiet, and pursue their money
making business without interruption. II
those who have property to lose, do not
think there is any danger of raid upon
the city, then let it be so understood, and
the laboring men who have families can
make arrangements, in the event of an at
tack, to move them, and leave the place to
be defended by those who, when there was
time for preparation, refused to join 10 per-
fecting an organization which would have
kept traitors at a distance. Many of our
merchants are opposed to the militia law
they are in favor of some indefinite method
by which they can be secure without ever
missing the sale of paper of pins, or a
pound of candles, or giving a moments
time to preparation. Practical common
sense men, would, in crisis like the pres
ent, conceive it to be not only their duty,
but their interest, to take an active part in
the organization of Home Guards, and BY
their influence and example induce Others
to unite with them. We have witnessed
with surprise, the indifference with which
our merchants view this subject If it is a
matter of no consequence to them, it GER
tainly is of less consequence to the young
men and laboring classes, who have moth
ing to lose but their household goods, and
the whole question has narrowed down to
this that unless the merchants and proper
ty holders of the eity-capable of bearing
arms-eome forward and join the Legion,
its Organization win rot be perfected, those
who have already joined will witbdraw, and
the place win be entirely unprotected. Il
no promptings of patriotism, if no regard
for your personal interests, if no State pride
will induce you TO join the Legion, then let
us know it at once, that the State arms may
be taken elsewhere and placed in the hands
of men who have manliness enough to use
them. z A S4sf u -
The Evansville daily journal. [volume] (Evansville, Ia. [i.e. Ind.]) 1848-1862, 1861-09-21

PAckErs-The Charley Bowen will leave
to-day for Paducah and Cairo with the u
s. Mail Passengers and shippers win take
notice. --------,--
The Commercial and Eugene, both first
class boats, win leave for Louisville to-day.
The Iight-draught and feet packet MARI
ner will start for Cincinnati this afternoon
at32 o'clock, Jno. B. Hall is the agent, who
will attend to shipments this morning. ?
The Evansville daily journal. [volume] (Evansville, Ia. [i.e. Ind.]) 1848-1862, 1861-09-21
To the Puhlic.

We desire 20 call your attention to the
fact, that the above house has recently been
enlarged, thoroughly repaired, and newly
furnished in very superior style; and that
we are now prepared, and will use every
exertion to accommodate orr guests, in a
most excellent manner. We most earnest
ly solicit your patronage and influence. y
If RoRcouRr & PILLsRuRY.
The Evansville daily journal. [volume] (Evansville, Ia. [i.e. Ind.]) 1848-1862, 1861-09-21


s DE1TH OF THE NEw YoRK DA1rx NEWS.
This paper struggled hard to keep on the
surface after the order by the P. NJ. Gen.
eral forbidding its. transportation in the
mails, but it has "gone under" at last. The
following is the last dying gasp of its edi-
tor;
+ To-day the unpleasant but imperative
duty devolves upon US of bidding our read
ers and subscribers temporary, but we
trust short farewell. After this morn
irg's issue the publication of the Daily and
the Weekly News will be suspended for a
time. We make this announcement with a
feeling deeper than regret, for it is con-
sec uence of events that should have been
impossible of occurrence in the Republic
where we claim the rights and immuni-
ties of citizenship. We have stood man
fully at our post while the slightest hope
remained of weathering the storm; but as
our area of action has been narrowed until
even the possibility Of our rendering service
to our countrymeu has vanished, we lay
down our pen in the bitterness of despair,
and await, for its resumption, the prepi-
tious hour when persecution shall no longer
strike the instrument of labor OUT Of the
hand Of industry W EN
The Evansville daily journal. [volume] (Evansville, Ia. [i.e. Ind.]) 1848-1862, 1861-09-21

The American House, formerly known as
The Pavilion Hotel, Water street, corner Of
Sycamore, Evansville, Ind, ]. J.. PrLLs-
BURY, formerly of steamboat Masonic Gem,
and w. W. BoIcoURT, formerly of City Ho-
tel Pr0prletorg. Y q |. 3 -
The Evansville daily journal. [volume] (Evansville, Ia. [i.e. Ind.]) 1848-1862, 1861-09-21

sFourteen thousand Enfield rifles are
expected at Indiana polls within the next
four weeks, when Indiana will have nm
wards oftwenty thousand Enfelds, besides
a large number Of other rifles, in the hands
of men who know how to use them.
The Evansville daily journal. [volume] (Evansville, Ia. [i.e. Ind.]) 1848-1862, 1861-09-21

DGr The Governor has contracted with
parties in the Ohio river towns of the State
for the manufacture and eomplate seouin-
ment of six batteries of artillery, including
the guns, carriages, eaissons, wagons and
everything necessary. The batteries win
be complete specimens of Hoosier n1anufac-
ture in the line of warlike implements.4 n
didnapolis Journal 91fs Jm @
The CONTRACT for making twelve of the
above guns was offered to the foundrymen
of this city. As they are required to be
brass pieces, the contract was declined
The Evansville daily journal. [volume] (Evansville, Ia. [i.e. Ind.]) 1848-1862, 1861-09-21

ga Twsnty-one deserters from Camp
Boone, Tennessee, have arrived in Indianap-
oils and joined Colonel Wifich's regiment.
They were residents OF the South at the
time the war broke out and were impressed
into service, hence their desertiou.
The Evansville daily journal. [volume] (Evansville, Ia. [i.e. Ind.]) 1848-1862, 1861-09-21

sg~ Contracts for upwards of $40O, 1000
worth of clothing, equipments and subsist-
ence stores, heve been let within a few
weeks by the United States officers at Indi-
annapolis for the use ofour troops, now num-
bering O,ooO men, in camps of instruction
and ia the field
The Evansville daily journal. [volume] (Evansville, Ia. [i.e. Ind.]) 1848-1862, 1861-09-21
CORPORATION NOTICE.

oRDE RFoR PLANRsTD EwALK
Sept. 18th, Iceland now II is hereby ordered
and directed by the Common Council Of the city o.
Evansville, that the Of all lots parts of
lots fronting on or adjoining the east side on
Mary Street, between Seventh and Eighth Bts., in
said city, the sidewalks thereon 70 ba brought
to the proper grade, and that they cause AIDE
walk Of class number to be laid down thereon
within thirty days from the publication Of this
der p. BURKE, Clerk
City Clerks Once, Sept. 18th, 1861. sspls
The Evansville daily journal. [volume] (Evansville, Ia. [i.e. Ind.]) 1848-1862, 1861-09-21

e5~ A large number of Methodist cler-
gymen win be in the city to-day and to-
morrow en- route for the Conference, which
meets at Rockport next Thursday. We
understand that Bishop James viii preach
at the Locust street Methodist Church, to-
morrow. a. szf g. -sfa=sE ~ . gEoH ~ ~
The Evansville daily journal. [volume] (Evansville, Ia. [i.e. Ind.]) 1848-1862, 1861-09-21

= - Os - &Asg AAs 4As a@AS~~S%-@'
The Indianapolis Journal of Thursday
contains the following in relation to the
late disaster on the Ohio and Mississippi
Railroad:
1t was the business of the officers of the
road to see that 6 all was in security" { For
neglecting this duty they are highly cen
surable. We make the assertion, and make
it from a full knowledge of what we say,
that no railroad manager having the control
of any line of road centering at Indianapolis
would have permitted regiment OF men to
pass over his road without Enoacing that
every bridge and every mile of track was
safe. 48I
What has been the practice of our rail-
road managers in The transportation OF
troops Why, to see that every bridge
was secure and to guard it afterwards
Had this regard for human life been exhib-
tied by the managers of the Ohio and Mis-
sippi road the accident we record to-day
would not have happened, and the business
and reputation of that line of railway
would not have suffered in consequence.
We regret that any road in Indiana has met
with such an accident, happening, too, SO
soon after the lives of numerous brave vol
unteers were sacrificed on the road between
Harrisburg and Baltimore by a traitorous
and misunderstanding engineer. While we
deeply regret this tits gratifying TO US,
however, as citizens Of Indiana, that the
Ohio and Mississippi is in no respect an In.
diana road, although traversing the entire
width of the State from the Miami to the
Wabash. 1t is controlled entirely by par
ties outside of the State, andits. employees,
almost entirely, were residents of other
States when taken into the service OF the
managers of this road. The accident can
not be charged, therefore, TO the inefficient
management of Indiana railroads.