davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Daily national Democrat., 1861-03-20
TO TEE LADIES OF CALIFORNIA.

l.. J CZAPKAN, NJ d., Physician, Surgeon, and Ac-
coucher, invites the attention of the sick and afflicted
females aboring under any of the various forms of
diseases Of the BRAIN lungs, heart, stomach liver
womb, blood, kidneys, and all diseases peculiar ia
their sex. The Poet r is effecting more cures than
any other ply scian in the State of California. Let no
false delicacv prevent you, but apply Immediately
and save yourselves from painful suferings and pre-
mature death All married ladies, whose delicate
health or other circumstances prevent an increase in
their families, should call at DR.. L. J. Czapkays Med.
ical Institute, Sacramento street, below Montgomery
opposite Pacific Mail steamship Company's office, San
Francisco, and they will receive every possible relief
and help.
S9y~ The Doctors Offices are so arranged that he
can be consulted without fear of molestaton,
The attention of the reader is called to the follow
ing. lady of high standing in society, and great
reSpectablity, published a card in the PHILADELPHIA
Sunday Ds atch, Sept. IA, 1851, which is follows
CARD.--1he Undersigned feels it her duty to ex-
press her heartfelt gratitude to DR. Czapkay for the
successful cure of herself and child The latter hay
ing been afflicted by attack of cholera nfan.
tum, was given up as incurable by the most ceebra.
ted physicians, when she called on DR.. Czapkay, who
after short period, restored the child to perfect
health Encouraged by this extraordinary result, she
sought advice herself for the scrofu'ous malady with
VIII ch she had been afflicted for eight years and which
Wstood the treatment of the best physicians in Am
cri "a and Europe But Dr.. Czapkay has succeeded in
aHording her permanent relief, so that she can now
enjoy life, uhch, for eight years, had lost all charms
for her. She therefore deems il due to herself and TO
all OK and all cttd to recommend Dr. Czapkay as
one Of the most skillm physicians within the United
States. MRS. CAROLINE GRAY,
Corner Walnut and 9TH SITS, Philadelphia Pa
A. GLAssER, Notary Public, 1876 Seventh ST.
All consultations (by letter or otherwise) free.
Address DR. l.. J. CZAPKAY,
Medical Institute, Sacramento street.
Below Montgomery, opposite Pacific Mail Steamship
Co.'S ON e san Francisco. feb5
Daily national Democrat., 1861-03-20
With Duck furnished and ma into Hose.
Hydraulic, Pilot or
Lnrnlya

My appeal is to the Miners of Yuba Sierra, Yolo'
Colusa, Tehama Pumas, Shasta and Siskiyou coun'
ties Give me liberal patronage and will pledge
myself as man, to work great revolution through,
out the State as regards eheapness of Hose, etc
nave two successfully operating at Nevada city, anu
one in Marysvlle which will sew sixty yards per hour
In IA few weeks shall have one situated at Sacra
mento, one at Dutch Flat, and one at Pacerville.
1t ismy wish and intention to satisfy the miners
that the Machine Sewing is as far above hand Sewns
in DURABILITY and STRENGTH as heaven is from
the earth.
County scrip will be taken at 90 cents from any one
purchasing Hose.
In connection with Hose sewing, / am pleased
announce to the citizens of Marysyille and the sur
rounding country, that will 60 into the business oi
bas making and shall prosecute the at reducco
prices to all who will give liberal share OF the"
patronage. All orders for House Innings, AwnpB''
Tents Carpets, Garden Hose, Grain and Flour sack''
&c, will be promptly filed az No. l19 First street, op
posite tae Plaza.
febl2-my S. HOWARD
Daily national Democrat., 1861-03-20
HpaSOIVentNOtiCes

T0UNTY COURT, in and for Yuba County Gard
~ ner Cove vs. His Creditors Pursuant to an order
Of the Hon Charles Lindley, County Judge of Yuba
County, notice is hereby given all the creditors
the said insovent Gardner Cove, to be and appear
before him the said Judge al Chambers at the City
Marysvile, Yuha County, Sat rday the 23d day OF
March, 1861, at 10 of the clock, that day,
in open Conrt, then and the to show cause if any
they why assignment of the estate of said in
solvent should not be made and he he discharged from
all his debts and liabilities prayed for in his sa d
petition and that in the mean time that all proceed
ings against said insolvent, Gardner Cove be STAYED
...... Given under my hand and the seal of the
Il s.: County Court of said County this 18th day of
'''''' February A. d 1861.
WIN. T. ONEALE CIR of said Court,
BY J. MoC. REARDAN, Deputy.
S. b. MULFoRD Atty for Petitioner. feb2O- 1aw4
Daily national Democrat., 1861-03-20

moval of those botches and sores from nv skin .
the ulcers from my throat, and the entire stopnao aug
those emissions, which you said were prncipay na
can hardly tell you which is the greatest, NV g..
or my surprise, for except not having fully eoi my &
strength, l feel as well as any man can feel. "y
Enclosed i send you Twenty Dollars over vo.
charge, and think myself cheaply cured. Ifyou tbir
ANYBODY will be benefited, you may rut this lettI K
the newspapers. Believe me gratefully yours, III
THOMAS HAYDEN
TENO TIE AFFLICTED.-Dr. L. J. CZAPKAy. 1.,.
\ of the hungarian Army, Chief Physician Of e tbe
Hospital of Pesth, and Honorary Member of the pbla
dephia College of Medicine, calls attention to the fi
lowing malades in the treatment of which he guaran
tees cure; Diseases of the Brain such as Epilensx
Apoplexy, rushes of blood to the head, 1nfammati'
of its different TISSUES Partial and complete Paralvs,
and sanity, and all Functional Derangements snch
loss of memory, aversion 10 society, Msanthronv
Timidty Nervous Excitement from slight causes Syiss
nstrust, Giddiness, Headache Ringing in the Ears
confusion of ideas, love of solitude, optical usions'
and ncapability for labor and study Also in disea
ses of the lungs and air passages such Tuberc uIa
diseases or consumption, Pneumonia or InlammatiI
of the lungs, Peures or Peurisy, Asthma humoral o
spasmodic, Bronchitis, Laryngitis, and all forms or
Catarrhal affections Also diseases of the liver sncb
as IIepattis ur Inflammation of the Liver congestion
of the liver abscesses of The liver, calcu in the co
bladder and duct Jaunice and those diseases which
impair its functions such as Panama fever, Bilious
fever, and IneImtting fever, and the CONSEQUENCES
which these disorders leave behind them,
Also, diseases of the Stomach, such as Gastrtis or
Inflammation of the Stomach, Enterlties or lnfamma.
ton of the bowels Dyspepsia in all its FORMS which
destroy appetite and di geston, Flaulence Dysenerv
and Djarrhga. Also, diseases of the Kidneys and
ther Urinary organs, such Diabetes, or an excrs
sve flow of urine, AlbGminaria, commonly known ne
Brig is Disease In this complaint neither physician
patient oltenmes suspect the presence of disease
until too late. The most common symptoms are gen
eral ndisposton, with dropsical swellngs Calcu in
the Kidneys, urethra Bladder, Enursis or inablitv
to retain the urine cystitis or inflammation of The
bladder all other disorders of the urinary organs
Also, diseases of the Womb and its appendagss such
Irregularities of the MENSES when excessive, de-
fccve. suppressed, iree ular, Proapsus or falng
Of the womb sterility, ovarian dropsy and other dis,
eases of tle parts In the treatment of any of the
above diseases, the Doctor has many new remedies
and guarantees perfect cure, in all cases, the mo-
ney will be returned. All consultations by letter op
otherwise) free. Address DR.. L. J. CzAPKAY, San
Francisco.
Daily national Democrat., 1861-03-20
San eSranrisru advertisements.
EENSEEY WATER CURE
AND
NOtOTpaahiC Institution !!
CORNER OF STOCKTON & PACIFIC SITS,
SAN FRANCISCO,
Formerly located in sacramentO,l


M AS the first and is the only llydropathic estab-
w lishmrnt in California; that combines all the
varied Treatments of Eastern Water Cures DR.
HARLOW j. SMITH is the only man condudting
water cure on the Pacific coast who has had the a-
vantage aud received the degree of NJ. D. from the
New York Hydropathic College We adopt and teach
the theory and practice of that school Reader you
have hfen suffering from any chronic trouble, and
have bee treated tor weeks, months and years with
drug medicines and are rot satisfied with the result
ana desire to consult more rational system, you may
rely upon it DR. Smith is the hest ydrnpathic anthor-
y In the State. We invite you to call and have your
case examined. II will cost you nothing We give
five weeks board and treatment Tor $lOh, if paid in
advance. Oar price is $25 per week if paid weekly
We give Free Lecture every Friday evening on
subjects pertaining to health ara hygenic treatment
We depend or not in advertising, ut in cnr
ing our pat ents, being liberal With and making
pleasant hom for them, ard striving to let none 90
away dissatisfied
If you are suffering from chills and fever or from
the effects o' the same cure you
Rheumatism seldom fail to Gu e, besides we teach
you how TO keep free from it
Dyspepsia. Constipation Piles, and the early stages
of Lung diseases, easily give way and aIe readily
cured under proper liydroypa hic treatment Weak
aud nervous females suf ring from any arrangement
peculiar to woman kindly treated and always
benefit ed at oar home and Institution.
sSN Circulars sent on application free of postage.
oc2-my
Daily national Democrat., 1861-03-20

Money current in the State where issued will be re
ceived at par.
CLUBBING
discoun' of twenty-five per cent. from the above
prices will he allowed to CLUBS ordering four or
mora cones of any more Of the above works
Thus Four copies of Backwood, or of one Review,
will be sent to address for 81 four copies of the
four Reviews and backwood for $50; and SO on.
POSTAGE.
In all the principal Cities and Towns these works
will he delivered FREE OF POSTAGE. When sent
by mall The postage to any part of the United States
will be but twenty -four cents year for "Backwood"
and but Fourteeu cents year for each of the Re-
views.
N B.-The price In Great Britain of the five Period
icals above named is $3l per annum.
Remttances fer any of the above pu lcaons
should always be addressed, post paid, to the Pub
listers, LtONARDSC0Tr & CO.,
febl No. "a Gold Street, New York.
Daily national Democrat., 1861-03-20
Or. Gsaphap's Nlrdiral Cards.
DIR. L. j. CZAPKA IS
Private Medical & Surgical Institute,

i
Sacramento street, below Montgomery.
GOpposite the Pacific Mail steamship Co.'S Office,
SAN FRANCISCO.
Estobz;shed In 1854 for the Permanent Cure Of all
Dyjpdte and chronic discusses, and JoT the sup
preSsiOn Of Qadckery ......,-,.
A TTEN DING AND RESIDENT PHYSICIAN L.. . =
~ CZAPK NJ. D., late in the Hungarian
Revolutionary War Chief Physician to the Zoth Reg
iment of Honveds, chief S@rgeon to the Military
Hospital of Pesth, Hungary late Lecturer on Diseases
of Women and Children, ard Honorary Member "i the
Philade phia College of Medicine. sB Particular
attention paid to the of diseases peculiar to
Woman and Chldren..l&d
Office IOurs-From 3 a NJ. till 3 p NJ.
Communications strictly confidential
Permanent cure guaranteed or no pay
Consultations, by letter or otherwise, free.
Address OK. u. D. CLAPhAf san FRANCISCO
yuNO TExE AFFAsCTED.-Dr. L. J. Cap
n kay returns his sincere thanks to to his nuiner-
ous patients for their PATRONAGE and would take this
opportunity to remind them that he continues to coI-
suit at his Institute for the cure ofa orns of Private
Dlseases-such syphilis, Gonorrh9a, nocturnal
emissions, and ali the nsequences OF self.abuse In
the first stages Of syphiltic or gonorri9ai diseases,
he Guarantees "A cure in few days, WithO Z neon
venience to the patient or hndrance to his business
When patient, by neglect or III proper treatm' ht,
has developed the secondary symptoms of syphilis,
such as bubOes painful sweints Oh the q "lns or
ulcers in the throat and nose, which, II not cnecktd,
de sroy the soft parts and cause the bones to mory,
separate and come away, eaNlhp thy sufferer an Oh
iect hiorous to behold or when blotchcs and pmpes
break out ON the skin, when he has painful swell
ings upon the bones, when MS constitution is injur
ed, predispose to consumption, or other con
stitutiona disease the Doctor guarantees II cure or
asks no conn pensdtion,
In rheumatism, chronic or acute; in dysentery or
darrhoa, he has safe and electua remedies For the
treatment of the consequences OF sell abuse, such as
nocturnal emissions nervousness, tmdity, adhrhe,
pains in the back and limbs, with gener weakness,
loss OF appetite, loss of me" ory, injury TO the sleh
resessness confusion of IDEAS, dislike for society ana
feeling of weariuess oflfe; with the erNous system
so excablc that slight noises shock or startit IN pa
iiet ma ing his existence miserable. For the above
maladieS the Doctor VIII guarantee Il cure or ASK no
compensation lie can he consulted free of charge,
and invites all to call, as it will cost them nolhing
and may be much to their advantage. Ohice hours
from A. VI to p, NJ.
Daily national Democrat., 1861-03-20
TO talc Ladies'.

MRS FALES has enjoyed the same advantages and
received the same diploma as gentlemen graduates Of
the Medical Colleges and for several years has had an
extensive practice in the States. In female diseases
and in Midwifery her practice has been especially
large and entirely successful. Considering the Cali
forlta char-e es eXhorbitant hers are comparatvel,
low ; for attendance in Midwifery, f2n; in ordinary
outside practice 81 a visit; for examination and pre-
scription tor home treatment 81
Residence corner of Fifth and II street, Marysvle.
Refertnce-Hr. and Mrs. Dawson, Dawson House
feb19-tf
Daily national Democrat., 1861-03-20
InSOIVent Notice.

STATE OF CALIFORNIA,t
County OF YuBA, (ss'
h1STRlCT Court of the Tenth Judicial District
~ In the matter the Petition of Stephen G. Mu-
lin, an lnsoyent Debtor. Pursuant to an order of
the Hon. g. H. Bliss, Judge Of the said District Court,
notice is hereby gwen to all the creditors of the said
insovent Stephen g. Mullin, he and appear befoi e
the said Hon S. Bliss at Chambers at the Court
room of said court IN the city of Marysve, county
1uba, on the twenty third day Of Mareh, 1861,
10 O'clock A. NJ, of that day. then and there to show
cause II any they can, why the prayer of said insol
vent should not be granted and assignment OF his
estate be made and he be discharged from his debts
and Liabilities in pu Of the statute in such cares
made and provided, and in the mean time all proceed
ings against said nsolvtnt be stayed.
...... Given undermy hand and the seal Of said
seal Court, this goth day Of February, A. D., 1861
... W. 4. 0NEALE,
Clerk Dist. Court for Yuba Co, Cal.
s. HULBuRr, Plaf' Atty. feb2l-30d*
Daily national Democrat., 1861-03-20
To Ladies

Dr. Flattery present new, safe and certain treat
ment r the diseases to which females are peculiarly
liable, effect ally removing them and their direlul re-
suits.
as- DR. F., if required, will visit ladies at their
res sideuces.
Daily national Democrat., 1861-03-20
SpermatOIrhOea,

Or local weaEness nervous debility, low spirits. las
sudc, wr kusss of the limbs and back. udiSpositoI
and capahIity for labor and study, duluess Of ap.
ehensun, loss OF memory. aversion to society lov,
OF solitude tmIdity, sedstrust dizziness, headacuc
involuntary discharges. pains in lhe side, affections
Of The eye, pmples the face, sexual other inhrm-
tes in are cured by the justly celebrated physi-
can and surgeon, l.. J. C2apkay. His method of Gu
ring diseases is new, unknown to others) and henc
the great success. All consultations by letter oth
rrwiSc, free.
Address. L. L CZAP Wy. NJ D. San Franciscn. Cal.
Daily national Democrat., 1861-03-20

ONE SPLENDID PIANO-sEvEN OCTAVE,
Gold Watches Grover & Baker Sewing Machines
Musical Instruments consisting of splendid Guitars,
Volns and Brass instruments; together with choice
collection of Valuable Books, all subjects-latest
editions, by all the most noted authors. Also var
ETY. Of articles suitable for Holiday presents.
Daily national Democrat., 1861-03-20
Dissolution.

fENE cOpartnershp heretofore existing between Ss "a
Il O. Williamson and A. M. Carpenter, under J I'd
style of Wi hanson Carpenter is this day disso%vfu VII
by mutual consent. The accounts of the late firm wiz
be settled by Mr.. Williamson. ,oy
@. G, wILLIAMsoeH'
A. u. OARPENTER.
MaTysv b. ?cd, 1861. fe24-E"'
Daily national Democrat., 1861-03-20
Z. p. FISHERS
Agency

l'lE Washington Street, nearly opposite Magurs's
Opera House up stairs, San Francisco
ADNERTIS EMENTS and subscriptions solicited for
the following named papers
Daily National Democrat, Narysyille,
Sacramento Union, Weekly Ledger,
san joaquin Repblican, Humboldt Times, Eureka,
Nevada journal, News Salt Lake,
Democratic Age, Sonora Sonuma Jounal, Petaluma,
Sierra Democrat, Napa Reporter
Mountain Democrat, San Jose Telegraph,
san Audreas Independent Santa Cruz Sentinel
Shasta Courier Alameda Gazette,
Red Blun Beacon, Los Angeles News
Marposa G.zctte, Santa Barbara Gazette
Nreka Union, San Bernardino Herald,
Trinity journal, Victoria Gazette, VI
Hydraulic Press, Oregonan, Portland,
acihc, san Francisco News, Portland, Oregon
Christian Advocate, Christian Advocate -
The Eyangel, :. + Statesman Salem
Gicaurr. Jewish Organ Union, Corvillis, Oregon,
L'tnio' French W eelly, Pioneer and Democrat, VA
Lc Nueur Herald Stetlacoom W
IIutchiugs Magazine, North West, Port Townsend
Honghous Register Advertiser, sandwich
Poyneasian, Honolulu.
ADNERTIs!EG IN THE ATLANTIC STATES.
L. P F. win also .tend to forwarding advertise
M nts 10 papers published in any ortioa Of tie At
lanc states
Daily national Democrat., 1861-03-20
Notice to Creditors.

In the matter of the estate of Joseph Kendall deceasd
~ Office is hereby given by the undersigned, ad-
~ minisiratrix of the above named estate, to the
creditors Of and persons having claims against
said deceased to eXhibi the same, with the necessary
vouchers, within ten months from the publication of
this notice, to the undersigned at her residence In
Butter County.
ANN KENDALL, Administering.
Yuba City, February 26th, A. D. 1861. feb27-4w
Daily national Democrat., 1861-03-20
Machine Made Hose.
Great improvement Of this Age.
=. HOW ARDS
Hydraulic Hose Sewing Machine.
NEW IMPROVED

Hydraulic Hose Sewing Machines,
NE ANUFACTURED AND FOR SALE BY II. J.
I'VE BOOTH CO., at the Marysville Foundry ana
Machine Shop
Miners can be supplied it'll Hose sewed with iour
seams winch will stand the pressure of seventy-hVe
feet fall single, for twenty cents per yard for sewing
and Will last as long rs the Guck will without ripping
LIST OF PRICES.
An,nl G.a...a ILL IL = IL
Daily national Democrat., 1861-03-20
SOOTHING SWRUg

FOR HILDREN TEETHING,
Which greatly facilitates the process ofteehing, soft
enng the gums, reducing all inhamation--wil allay
ALL PAIN and spasmodic action, and ia
sure 10 Regulate the Bowels.
Depend upon il, mothers, it will give rest to your
selves, and RELIEF and HEALTH to your INFANTS.
We have put up and sod this article for over ten
years, and can say, in confidence and truth of it,
what we have never been able to say Of any other
medicine-NEvER HAS IT FAILED IN SINGLE DISTANCE
TO EFFECT CURE, when timely used. Never did We
know an instance of dissatisfaction by any one who
used it, On the contrary all are delighted with its OPP
erations and speak in terms of highest comnenda n
of its magical elf cts and medical virtues. We speak
in this matter "WHAT WE DO KNOW" after ten
years. experience and pledge our reputation for the
fulfllment of what we here declare. In almost every
instance where the infant is suffering from pain and
exhaustion, relief will be found in fifteen twenty
minutes after the syrup is administered.
This valuable preparation is the prescription Of one
Of the most EXPERIENCED and SKIIFUL NURSES
in New England, and has been used with failing
success in
THOUSA NDS OF CASES.
1t not only relieves the child from pain, but invigo.
rates the stomach and bowels, corrects acidy, and
gives tone and energy to the whole system. 1t will
relieve almost instantly.
Gripping i'm the R oxveiH, and Wind Cholic.
and overcome convulsons which, not speedily rem
edied end in death. We believe it the best and BSr
REMEDY in the WORLD in all cases of DYS EMERY and
DIARHEA IN CHILDREN whether i. arrisrs from
tee thing or from other cause. We would say to every
mother who has child suffering from any fthe fore
gong complaints; not tet your p' 'Judices.
nor IN" pref udIces Of Oth hers stand between
your suffering child and the relief that will be SURE,
yes ABSOLUTELY SURE to follow the of this
medicine, if timely used. Full directions will
pany each bottle None genuine unless the c-simile
of CURTIS 81 PERKINS, New York, is on
the outside wrapper.
e2B- Sold by Druggists throughout the world.
Principal Office, I3, Ceder St, N. Y.
PRICE ONLY 25 CENTS PER BOTTLE.
PARK Il WHITE,
Sole Agents for the Pacific Coast,
1872 WASHINGTON Street,
may4-1y rmp San Francisco.
Daily national Democrat., 1861-03-20
SANFORD'S
FAMILY
Cathartic Pills,

COMPOUNDED FROM
Pure Vegetable Extracts, and put up in
GLASS CASES, Air Tight, and will keep
in any climate.
The Family Ca lthartic PILL is
gentle but effective Ca thartc which tie propri-
etor has used in his prac A tiCe more than twenty
years.
The conFtantly ncreas / ing demand from those
who have Gn5 used the = PILLS and the salts
faction which all express j in regard 30 their use has
induced me to place them n within the reach Of ALL
The Profession well know that different Ca
thartics act different NJ, portions of the bowels
The FAMILY Ga 1lTHAk nc PlEL
has with due reference Ito this well established
fact, been componndedl .Ifrom variety of the pu-
rest Vegetable Extracts. which act alike every
part of the amentary Hicanal, and are = 90 ! ard d
sa fe in all cases r Cathartic is ed, such
as drra' cement of the stomach, sleep
incs~, Pains in the Back ard LOinS.
Go itivenesS, Pain aud soreness 'Ne'
the whole body a from sudden cold, which
frequently, If neglected. SIend in a long course OF
Fever, LOs, Of Appc- lite, Creeping
sensation of cid over The body,
Iessness, Heat ache, or wei 2ht -
the Hend, al In laminntOry Dis
eas's, W"rms In IChiIdr'n or Adult =
kheuEnaIism "a great PuriGer Of he
BLOOD and many dis II, eases to which flesh is
heir, too numerous to V mention in this adyer-
tisement. Dose to 3.
PRICE, THREE DIMES
The Liver EnvigOratOr and Family
Catharfic Pills are retaied by Druggi-ts general
ly, and sold Wholesale by the Trade in all the large
towns.
ST.. w. SANFORD, vi. D.,
Manufacturer and Proprietor,
Broadway, New York.
Sold by the Druggists everywhere and by
PARK 81 WHITE, Sole Agents
for the Pacific coast, 1872 Washington Street, San
Francisco. au3-1y
Daily national Democrat., 1861-03-20

The present critical state of European affairs will
render these publications. unusually interesting during
the iorthcOmit E year. They will occupy middle
ground between the lstily written newsitems crude
speculatons and flying rumors of the daily journal
and the ponderous Tome of the future history, writ
ten after the living interest and excitement of the
great pOlieica events of tn time shall have passed
away 1t s to these Periodicals that readers must
look for the only really in'elgble and reliable hsto-
ry of current events and such in addition to their
we'll established literary, scientific, and theological
character we urge them upon the consideration OF
the reading public.
EARLY COPIES.
The receipt of Advance Sheets from the British
publishers gives additional value to these reprints,
inasmu as they now he placed iu the hands of
subscr bers about soon as the original editions.
TFpMS
Daily national Democrat., 1861-03-20
Marysville Gymnasium
No. Isl Second ST., between High and L,

NO IOI StCOHU ST., UtIWcen HIGH ana E9
NI1LL reopen Wednesday, the 7th day of
w November, 1860, for general exercise in GYM.
nascs and Physical Training. The public are invi.
ted to avail themselves of the benefit derived from
this institution
The rooms will be kept comfortable day and night
Doors open from & a. " to 10 p. NJ.
Terms-$3 20 per month IN advance
mol CHAS. 4. KATE Proprietor