, 1861-06-10

ntiopslJ framed to protect ali those Canasl-
;utional 15Kht.. The question Of alayery, wn
ne which had a1waJs been an open quesuon
- On which Issue wsa now Joined. B1t Il
st.to .vaaasgred 1pm a1fi1terfefance By the
General government, or BY The free States, T.
q by Individuals in those. States; and tug Il
Chicago convention unantnaously assezted |
IT. 4Ss aosst!af sasston Of ,o ..a 1hlsh isthru,t
bsd no inmediate oonnectoHWlth the seces.
sion, although doubtless th8 desire Of direct
trade with Europe has long been a.Promlnen:
motive at the South. The anifstateS .: :ceded
under the moderate tariff Of 1857, for which
South Carolina voted side By side with Massa~
The 1atter Suite, although for
political, not economical reasons, It thought
itEelf obliged since the secession to sustain
the Pennsylvania interest BY voting for the
Morrill, bill, Is not In favor Of protection. On
the contrary the great manufacturers on tho
Me11imso river have long been independent Of
and export many million dollaEa'
worth Of cotton and other fabrics to foreign |
countries, undertaking or competing with all |
the world In open market. It would be i'm |
poeeib1e for any European nation to drive the |
the American continent In the principal
articles Of cheap clothing for the masses, tariff
or no tariff This is q statistical fact which |
cauRot be impugned. "A
The secession of the colonies, after years Of
oppression and grievances for which redress
has been sought IN rain, 1ett the British en-
tuition and Laws unimpaircd, eyen II It's colo i
nIal territory were eerlous1y diminished. The i
secession Of tho Southern States, In contempt
OF any other remedy for expected grievances,
Is followed by tho destruction Of the whole
body polite Or which they we're vital parts:
Not only is the united, republic destroyed u
the revolution proves successful, but, even II
tho people Of the Free states have the enthu-
eia6m and ssEacity to reconstruct their Union,
and by new nnttona1 convention to re-ordain
and reeetublIeh the etlne-honored Constitution
still an immense territory Is lost But the ex.-
ment in the disaster: The world IS wide enough
for oil 1t is the less OF the southern marine
frontier which ia fatal to the republic. Florida
sid the vest Louisiana territory purchased BY
the Union rom fIraign countries, and garni5h,
are fallen with all these improvements into
the hards Of foreign aud unfdendly power.
should the dire misfortune Of i war with .
great maritime nation, with England or France
Tor exnmple, befal1 the Union, It's territory,
hitherto almost impregnable, might now BE-
with hostile " confederac5," which has be-
ccme possessed OF an 1mportsnt part Of the
Unions maritime line Of defence. Moreover,
TIE Union hss u 600 ships, numbering; more
than 100000 tors, the far greater part Of
which belong to the ffee States, aud the yast
commerce Of the Mississippi and the Gulf of
Mexico requires and must receiFe protection
Is II strange that tho Union should maka
vigorous, tuIt, and lawful effort to save itself
from the chaos from which the Consultation
Of 1887 rescuea the country? Who that has
read and pondered tho history Of that dirk Pc
! Rod does not sardder at tbs prospect Of its
returns
But yesterday we we're c st:te-the great
Rtpublic-proaperou and powerful, with q
| t.g known and nonored all over the world.
| EeVenty years ago we were helpless league
| Of bankrupt md iawleas petty so1ereignties-
We he'd currency SO degraded that q leg Of
| debt, incurred in tho war Of Independence, had
| bard1y nomia1 value, and Wis considered
worthless. The absence Of law, order, and se-
curity for life and property was absolute a
could be well conceived In a civilized Land.
Debts could not be collected, courts could en-
| snFpreesed The army Of tho confederacy
| numbered 50 men. From this condition the
Constitution rescued U.s.
That great 1aw, reported By the general con.
! 7entiun Of 1857, was Tatihed by the people Of
all the land voting in each State for ra:lfying
convention, chosen expressly for that pur-
pose. It was promulgated In the name OF the
people: ave, the people Of the United
States, in order to form more perfect Union,
and to eecure the blessings Of liberty for our.
etlyek ard cur rosterity, do o-dain and estaa-
Ash this Constitution" It WIS ratified By the
governments, legislative and executive, but BY
fhe people electing especial delegates within
each State; ard 1t is important to remember
ttat in none Of those ratif5ing conventions
.Wes any reserve inside Of the States right to
| rtpeal tho Union or to seccde.
| AHuY ertffFfamE 1Rpra 0fprfa7 In The YarfAr9
rstf{yiDg ordinances, many amendments sug-
gested, int the acceptance Of the constitution,
the submission to the perpetual Law, was In
I'll cases absclute. The language Of Virginia
Wss most explicit Oh this point "The powers
granted under tho constitution, bling deri.ed
from The people Of The Us,itsd States, may be re
sun.ed By then. whenever the same shall be per
vtrcd to their injury or oppression" Thai
tie people Of the United States, expressing
their will so1en1n!y in national convention, are
competent to nndo ths work Of their ances
tors, and are fully justified In so doing when
the constitution shall bs perye1ted to their in
lard that doubts. This course has bsen al
ready indicted as the only pe.cefu1 revolution
possible; but euch d proceeding Is very differ
State rceuming fta sovereignty Of its own tree
will, and without consultation with the rest o
the inhabitants Of the country.
"There Was no reservation (sayE Justic,
Story Of any right on tbs part Of any State Il
) dissolve its connection, OF to abrogato its dis
sent, or to suspend the operation Of the Con
stitntion ~ TO itself"
And thus, when the ratihcatio1B had bee1
made, new commonwealth took its plac
| auong the nations OF the earth. The efsc:
} Of the new Constitution were almost magical
! Order sprarg ont OF chsoa. Law resumed It
| reign; debts were collected; lite and propert,
became secure; the national debt was fundet
and ultimately psla, principal and interest, t
J the ute1moat 1arthi1g; the articles Of th
: treaty Of peace In 1888 were fulfilled, ao'
Grtat Britain having an orgaolzed and unite'
| state to deal with, entered into treaty O
the best ever negotiated between the two m
: tions. Not the least nob1s Of its articles {th
21st) provided that tho acceptance By the cit]
. zens OF subjects Of ekher country OF forelg'
, letters Of marque should be treated and pun
sshed as piracy: Unfortunately, that artlca
I and s3seral others we're limited to twelv
, Year,, and were not subsequently renewed
!; The debts due to British eubJects wefe CO.
, ]ectea, and the British government Ut List SUI
{ rendered the forta on our soil.
: At last We were nation, with 9 dsg II
: specsed abroad and almost idollzed at home, q
: the symbol Of union and coming greatness
) aud We entered upon . career Of proaperlt
and progress never surpassed In history. Th
/ entouoniiy Of each State, according to whlc
1 its domestic and interior affairs arc subject
= ] LIE 0OLt3t1I AEE1th4ll440 AAA LtAEEuASES WE
|, secured by the rescrvation to each State I
I powers not expressly granted to the Union
y i the Constitution. Supreme within its ON
. orbit, which ia traced from the same center {
b popular poHer whence the wider clrcumta
i enco Of the general government Is de4czibe
d | the individual Slate is surrounded On all 1idt
, by that all embracing circle Tho reserve
= nnd unnamed powers are many aod 1mportan
@ but the State Is closely circunlsczibed.. Thu
}, State is forbidden to alter It's form Of Go
: ernment- Thou shalt forever Femain . +
It public" eays the United States Const tuition
:, above all, to paes any law conflicting with tt
y United States Constitution or Laws. Nor
It over, every member Of Congress, every men
J. ber Of State Legislature, every executive I
r judicial officer In The scEvice Of the Union
ID Of separate State, is bound BY solemn oa'
"a This alone would seem to settle the questit
D. | Of secession ordinances. So long as the Co
It EtitrtlcH endartg, such an ordinance Ia mere
= the act Of conspi1iDg aud combintng inaivii
q | as, with Hhom the general government n,
"a deal When il falls in the struggle, aud b
ID ccmes powerlesB to cope With them, the Co
ID ! stitution has been destroyed by vfolenc
Peaceful acqulescence in such combinations
q perjury and treason on the part Of the Chi
Is Mngi'trate Of the country, for which ha m:
u of Mi. Lincoln rs having plunged into wicks
le war; They censurc him for negotiating vii
le enjoys who came, not to settle Grievances, b
Il to demand recognition Of the dismembs sEmc
% Of The republic which he had Just swo1n
Or maintain.
t. It is true TINT the ordinary daily and pet
n Affairs Of men como more Immediately th'
10 larger matters under the cognszance Of t
Of state governments, tending Thus to foster loc
d: patriotism and local allegiance, At the sau
= time, as all controversies b=tween citizens
b. different ttates corae within the sphere of t
Ut federal courts, and - the manifold and co