New-York daily tribune., 1861-06-23
RARITAN AND DELAWARE BAY RAIL
ROAD.
RESOURCES OF EASTERN NEw-JERsEY.

RESOURCES OF EASTERN NEW-JERSEY.
II was with no ordinary degree of satisfaction that
we found ourselves OH tbe morning OF Wednesday, 18th
inst one II party of about 200 ladies and gentlemen,
patrons and itDds of the above pamed railroad, on
boaId the steamboat Sea Shore, bound down the bay
npon socio celebration ef toe extension OF the road to
Bergen, in Ocean County Nj. The weather, II spe-
cisly prepared for tbe occasion, could hardly Lave
been improved, and 20 long imprisoned il the walls
and streets Of the city the promised release Of day
from IT, confusion and nuse ice -Xeiteuents and runor
Of wars was indeed INC ct grateful. All these we left
behind our Jol parted IRON the pier. Our errand
was 10 celebrate one of the eoDquests OF peace.
The atmo.p pbere bTeahed Of peace; she green helds,
beautiful villas aud quiet residences tue shores Of
Staten Island and NewUtrecit were suggestive only
Of harrnen, and prosperity, the gifts of peace and
even tie guardbost, Corwin lying at anchor in the
NaroWs, and the massive works OF defense, ferts
Clinton arI Hamilton guarding the entrance Of these
Narrows spoke only Of efficient protection for all
who resreoted the democratic institutions which have
secured for us the proud position we have occupied ana
shall still occupy among the Daons. The officers OF
tie guard.toat responded by waving Of handkerehieis,
to the Star Spanged Bdnner' Of onr band; and ieav-
ing her We soon passed tie hospital hulk, Florence
Nightingale in tow of two steamers bound TO her an
chorage in the lower Bay Before noon we arrived at
the long pier at Port Monmouth jus. within Sandy
Hook. This pier has been extended $40 feet from
the shore to reach the depth Of feet of water aud
il 10 be continued few hundred feet further TO the
depth Of nine feet. At the end was the tram Of cars
waiting to receive onr party.
From this point to Long Branch which, however, is
miles oil from the main line, the road has been con-
pleted for about year. The distance IL to Eatontown
10 miles, and thence to Long Branch miles. This
rortion, supported by the Summer travel TO Long
Branch aud the local business OF MildetowD, Red
Bank, Shrewsbury, &C., than pays the interest
Of tie cost Of nsructon and win 60 far toward max
ing up e deficiency that may result from the exteu-
sion into Ocean County and tonce on, until the con-
pec,iun il made With the Camden and Atlantic Road,
and by this with Puaaephis and, after crossing this
road. still further south, with the Delaware Bay at
the extreme southern point of The State. From Eaton
town the road is now opened II miles, TO the iron
works Of Messrs Robert Campbell and Riley A.
Brick on branch Of the Mstetecunk, Which empties
into Barnegat Bay. From Pot Monmouth its route is
across what is known as the mari region OF New
jersey, and excepting the branch railroad lately
extended from the Camden and Auboy Road to
Freehold his is the only line OF railroad by which the
important agricultural resources Of this region are
reached from Raritan Bay or the Atlantic The widest
portion Of the belt is at this its eastern extremity,
exceeding 20 miles from north TO south. Over this
area Tie sandy surface, naturally barren or productive
only in scrubty pines aud oekr, is enriched by The
marl--or, more properly, green sand-beds OF which
are found spread ou; at the depth Of few feet Ihe
value OF thin as ierilLing agent was understood ny
the farmers Of this district more than 10 years a ana
beds of II were opened At convenient places whence
the grres mari vas distrbutedb carng in wagons,
sometime. even to tho distance Of 10 miles. The effect
of s application Is seen in the fields and orchards about
Red Bank, Shrewsbury, Ea,ontown, Long Branch,
&c, the fertility Of wbch is in striking contrast with
the soil of other sandy ons along coast. Even
the natural forest growth Of the mari district, WHICH
consists Of several varieties OF oak, chestnut locust
beech, maple, dogwood, hicAory-the woods at this
season beautifully intenpened with the blossoms OF
tie mouDlain-laurel- shows a marked difference
from tast Of the district beyond III which no mari j.
found.
Thns in tho southern par Of 0c.an County, and still
fur her SOUTH the grow Ia il almost exclusively OF pitch
nine. cedar and small birch. To the trsnspost,on OF
the green nar for supplying the farms of Long Island
'"N
Directors Of the Road look one of the principal
s0urces Of reyeoue and for securing access to the most
important oeiis,, that at squhnkum, they have con-
sruc,ed branch rosd, running about mile weS rom
the main line. In order that our party E,y~. nA'e ~ ~
opportunity Of seeing this interesting and valuable Dc.
posit, the train tuned of upon this branch, and
we soon arrived Of the pits Here we found worknen
engaged in throwing out the green sand the range
of the old excavations which had been going on for
more than 30 year,. At the surface was layer Of
sapd and gravel VI about two feet thickness which
being taken OF len exposed the upper surface of the
marbed Into this pits were sunk, and ~ far they
went down only green sand was 10 be seen. This,
thrown out collected IN heaps 20 be taken 20 Port
Monmouth, the shipment and sale Of the article bay.
ing already commence
Much curiosity was naturally excited among our
party &c TO the nature Of this singular deposit and this
was not little increased by the distribution among
them of strengthening teeth said to be Of sharks,
which the worknen had found in digging into it.
These OF dark grecnsh blue color sharp-ponted and
with smooth and highly-pOlished enamel quite
common IN this stratum and are accompanied with sea-
Shells as unlike those found the coas as the teeth
are 70 tboss OF modern shaTks. Their occurrence in
this position deep under the ground and ten miles back
from the sea- suggested many perpexDg considerations,
which, however, have been mostly eluedated by tie
researches of geologis. The green sand stratum and
the underlying beds Of clay Of sand aud other b ds Of
green sand beneath these, arc well understood 10 have
been deposited at the bottom Of the sea- the deposits
changing from one period 10 another, and eaebaow
retaining the remains Of the shells and fshes Of the
period of it, production.
At the present time in the Ga Of Mexico and in the
Calf Stream are brought up some Of the deep sound