davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1861-02-12
- The Co tcrnensers OF Lo don.
TkA nkaxs l.. II A. N

Tho characteristics Of the ancient Billings
gate ladies answer exactly to the costermon ;ci /,
and their wives " the present day, who arc just
as careless and improvidcnt they arc merry
over their last rope Of onions, and laugh over .
basketfnl Of stale herfings. Thero Is a COLONY
Of these singular people In Ellington, where a
student of human nature may learn much that
books will not teach him. They have little
religion and less poilcness. IN person they arc
tolcrably clcan but they arc not at all part Gu
lar as to dcccncy, and arc hibitually ioul-
mouthed. Some Of the younger mon are tall,
strong and fear. ess some Of the girls Hre cN-
cccdingiv good-looking, but quickly i"sc a'l no.
desty OF demcanor, and become masculine hytl, in
word and decd. The older msn aud womc arr fre.
qucntly reduced to the most deporIble wretch
cdncss while the children tumble in the filth.
and learn to curse and swear "a soon as they
arr. .weaned. AT night the donkey, the children,
the mothers and fathcrs--for not uncommonly
there are several families in one hovcl-all hui-
die together in the same rooms. They go TO
market very early in summer, and rs soon as Il
"a light in winter, purchasing the cheapest
stock. fish fruit and Vegetables, when there is
glut, or n better commodity, when the price
Is reduced Ivy its remaining on hand. 1lIsv
sell their bargains in the poorer Streets at
small profit, making their chief advantage
10y using short weights and measures. They
are content to live very hardly, and arc
seldom habitual drunkaras, though oftcn, in
extremely bad weather thoy resort to drink ng,
and have no refuge hut the worShrusc, W lcre
they remain till the guardians give them a new
start bv advancing them a few shillnr,, fro.
quCntly as little AZ 2s. Cd, AMI scarcely cvSr
more than IS. 6d., or los. GA this shrv will
trade for months. When such advances are
made lN private hands, thoN generally rcpIy
them Nor are these apparently unhappy aud
misCh,cvuuN folks entirely useless ln the com.
muni'r, for it is chiefly through their agency
that cheap iish, fruit ani vegetables are brought
'n the doors " the working classes.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1861-02-12
Foreign Items.

| >m ISAAC NEwToss house still stands n
| London, but this place, where his great mind
worked, Is rapidly falling into decay and ia NV
used as poor school.
Mrs. MARY Crnaas oAvx nmrH TO Ar
INFANT at Jersey City, few nights since, vhas
| IN profund sleep she was only awakened ~
her husband, who was aroused by the criss n
the new comtr. s.,'I
IT s SAID THAT THE cirAScEs sQsinst q
good harvest in England, next season, ara 10
to ]. The seed time has been the worst svsr
known; not half the autumn wheat was COWS
In consequence Of bed weather.
OK rHE 2srB DgcENBER, tho largest ars
ever known at Honolulu destroyed q stsaa
Gouring-m valued at Az 900 and IS oth~r
buildings, among them storehcuses, machine
shope, iron foundry, &C. Total loss, e55.0oo.
An IRrsu nAL,Er .pAserR, KATE CoILsvs,
has been recently discovered as q wholesale
bigamst, by thre Of her husbands mestisg at
her house at one time, who, with two othors
have been regularly reritting funds TO her.
TuE TRADE on HAMBURG has incrcass1
greatly during the last year, he number II
vessels arriving during that time being 5,02t,
against ,5ji IN 1859. The number Of stsam-
crs was I pa, against half that number the pro-
vious year.
FoRrr SAvtGArun' WE'RE DRIVEN, by
furious snow storm, fiom the works OF tie
month. They took refuge ia the Eskliu fIutS
On the bleak moor, and were showed Ia, unable
to escape. When 'ound, after two days and
nights search the poor fellows were utterly
exhausted they hid eaten their last stock u
PROVISIONS, and hurat up thor last fuel.
AMONG TIIE outeCrs StNr 10 France FROM
Greece and SYRIA by NJ. LoNoRMAsr are q
marble bust nf priest of Eltusis, wearing tbs
hair in sacerdOtal fashion--SuCh ms is described
III boIks, but never before seen represented in q
work Of art several hiS.rricfi and inscrip-
tons; some phrnirian articles Of jew,lry; and
lastly, the Hrns II n warrior oG lbe horles u
hlaric, which were found ia an excavation at
El6usi,.
a MtrA,IR N"SGFEIND I"Jrar, " B,uus-
| arc, Spair, was rcccntN discovered eNposs-i.
Wni discharged irum the cure Uf snus. lie got
up another SdlictIc peasant siGl, Who could per-
iul ~ The miracle uf HhStainng from food hun
drcds locked to zee her, and large trade was
dCuc. Suspicious arose, and medical attend
ants watched her. aud, in II hours she was raw
cnous examination slUwrd u .upply Of food b
pocket, which he had M chance TO cat, besg
81 closely watched.
A GrAItNM's lowN SETTLER thus describes
a leopard Il a,ed by baboous Returning home
ole evening from shooting heard a diabolicaT
yelling row; on--and ont came, till 800
varUs to tho right, out bounded at his bcst
pace, leopard, with the energy of despair,
followed 10y an enormous pack Of huge babooas,
nom whOse throats a d,m mon yell arose. On
rushed tie leopard TO deep, muddy stream,
and threw himself in, few yards in advance
~ the balloons, which followed In admirable
confusion, many Of tho old. the weakly and
young sinking IN tho river. They were nov
station ary, cut Of sight behind hill; but tie
sound soon told ms that the leopard had met bis
doom
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1861-02-12

To ne Editor Of nc Sun.-StR! The ,ririt
n your editorial notice yesterday " the sanitary
Bills before the Legislature, deserves the com.
mendaten Of every good citizen, but unfortunately,
you have been somewhat misinf'rmtd. Having
examined tie various plans, l believe DR.. McNut-
rrs Is the best bill tlat has yet been offered but
unfortunately, IL rpot lie passed. The public, IL
seems, must take either DR.. GsrscoN's old bill, or
that Of Dr. fIsnrR. You say, "IfDr. GRisooNs bill
Is not good one, let IL be made so." And IL seems
to me that the simplest way 10 do this is 70 take
what Is good and throw the rest away NV this
is exactly what Dr. fsusR's bill does; II retains
what you approve, but which I dtsikc,--a Metro
poitan character. 1steritorsl extent is the Same,
AID It's financial features have been found to work
well in relation to the Police Department.. Hut
these are not all. IL Is over $ij0 900 year mors
economical. II removes host OF unnecessary cfi
eisls. DO ysu wish b retain a. Health waden,
and Deputy Health wardens, while the P,lico do
all tie work' DO you prefer having Dock Masters
and Street Inspectors, when the Captains OF Police
could easily, they once did, perform all those SER
vices, aud have the work better douo at one fourth
the present expense DO you wish no prcvsioa
Cor clearing side walks and cutters, You are in
favor of sanitary reform. You deserve public graf.
itude for advocating 1, strongly hut why merely
because GRIsCoSs is An cid I'LL ratcl ID out hy son
Lsif IL zen live members Of an almost mythcsl %.
ciety, and the tssase ~ which Is Conrs by II,
own fritnds to be Extremely doubtful" do you
oppose the Municipal Biil Of I'm. McNurTv, aui tho
Mtrolo,an bill Of pU, FIsnER' Every arGic'e
,Lat has yet been written in favor "r ~. Gris ons
bill has taken the uculIcto site 'hrt the writer
was positively ASSURED" th0tt the Pon,e Ccmmis-
s.onets were not In favor ,r ~ FIsrR's hill. lido
not suppo,c tic Police Colpisi,sicuegs will 'obhy
for any I'LL, hu, feel rs.ur,d tha, 81 the; di I,
would lc for pr. fIDnEUs bill, MT because IL giveI
tLcm tie appointment OF some uf tie military Com.
miss'uneis, but lcclusc L,rmoVcs the very chjo,,
uonahc features Of Dr. GuisonN's bill AID, abolish
ins supcrnumCrary Cili'. :, jciucs clearly the
provinces Of the sanitary liI,,i anl other depart,
men's Of our City GovriursrGt. ! am assured that
the Police Commissioners each and al believe that
Dr. iisnrgs IL 'hc ht,t I'LL yet offered for Sanitary
reform, lot even Il Ih'y dli not, I dout suppose
tia, should induce tie public 10 relcc, the mo,,
s'lu'a'y ari excellent puycct Offered
HRgoINgR.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1861-02-12
I.sat-II0w it IL 70 be 0b,ri,

Today being Ash Wednesday, is thu ,,nm-
, mcncenicnt Of Lent. Archbishop Ir"IIR, has
promulgated the following re- ea;llstons to bs OBJ
served by Catholics
I. All The "w'ek days" ef I.rut. from Ash we'd.
ncsdhy til Esster Srdny, are 'sst day ui Irccpt,
GA sIs meal, with tne al Owance 6f motofsto co.
!stSn.
2. rle prcept of fasting implies also tia, OF al,.
stinsice from the uss Oi u sh Incat. irt, by dis.
Iensu "a, toe Use n iltsh meat Is lowed In this
Ji9ctse At the principal meal On M,niays Tues
days aud II ursd'ys u Lint, fron tie 4 1t lnJay
until Palm SUNDAY.
Tue uso OF flesh meat is not sl W s,d on Thurs-
day next amer ASH We Ines day.
4. The ab-tinenre from nsgh InGl, on Pam Sun
say, Rid GA the Tuesday bllowing Palm Sunday,
which has h'ineyto bscn observed Ia this diocese,
IL dispensed with.
There l. ,.eitLcr fls, nor abatin-pce te he OBJ
served on Sundays Of Lent.
II Ii rot allowed to uso G al with nesh N eIt At
the same meal.
I. Tnere is 10 prohibition 10 use eggs, butter or
cheese, Ift vided the rules Of quantity rresrib, d
by the bsst lie complied with.
3. The church excuses from the obi CATION of
1sthg Out not Of abstinence lInm hesh meat, 0S.
cept n special cnses o; s!ckucss OF the like) tho
foil'wirg clhssss Of peIgns:
Fut, TIE iLhrin; second, thoee whose duties
re Of ~ cxhauI'ing Or laboi ious character third
rus"ni VITO art oay attaining their growth; fourth,
,hen N pr'sa.Ley, ~ nursing infants hIth,
But these ptrIpns should lie persuaded on lust
gtVuLds that they arc entitled 70 exemption from
ihe IncCcpt-sO tha! LOt Observing IL may give no
hcrce to their own conscience, or scandal 10 their
rfighlor. For oss purpose, II they have any doubt
they Will do well ~ consult thetG spiritual rector
or tl' r physician. They should, however, cherish
the intotior spirit nj this holy season, tue as
ifuty were aisle to comply with the exterior OBJ
ssl NIncs of fasting and modification; aprit Of sor
row aud cOmpunctiOD for sin, spirit OF payer and
recollection. This N the duty OF all, and without
this tho fest Itself would be rejected by God.
The public religious exercises during Lent, In the
ChurGLes OF the city, 10 commence each syminR Al
seven o'clock, willbe
on Monday, in the Church of Nativity and As
sumptlon tGerrnan), and g. Mchaels.
On Thursday, In St. james, 81. Josephs, 81. Vim.
cent de Ptlls Frenchl, and Holy Gross.
On Wednesday, at g. Peters, Mosl Holy Re
deeneI's, st. Francis AssiHum &c srmsnl, 81, Fran
els Xavlas, St. Anne's, and Annunclation, Man
hattnvlie.
On Thursday, In the Cathedral, 81. Andrews, s..
stephens, 81. ColumbaI, 81. Bidset's s. Al phon.
sus, and 81, L .wrence, Yorkville.
On fdday,'iG 81 Mays, TranEhgulntlon, Most
Holy Bed'Gner, 81, Nicholas; ImmacnlGte Consep-
tion, D. V. NJ, and 81. Bonihce tGerman!
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1861-02-12
E2yDtiau COitOu.

The cultivation Of cotton in Egypt was re-
markably successful, and was introduced by
a Frenchman, NJ. JvMr:I. in the year 1920, who,
while walking in the garden Of the Turkish
Boy in Cairo, was attracted by the sight Of
cotton tree in full bloom, and begged a few
seeds Of the precious plant, JuMEL associated
himself with Cairo merchant, and commenced
a small plantation, which yielded the first year
three bales. Plantations were Immediately
established by MEHFMET All, under JCMEIs
supervision, throughout Lower Egypt. The
growth for 1928 amounted TO lis, 278 ballet Of
~ pounds each, valued at 81, 227 800, and led
TO such an increase in the Pasha's revenues as
TO contribute greatly to his future agrandize-
menti nut JuMRL was hattercd by him and
harrassed, until 1924, when he died insolvcnt.
hAd tho growth OF cotton thus accidentally
begun continued at the same rate Of increase,
1t would now rival the cotton trade of Am erica,
which increased at 4 lesser ratio of 800 pounds
in the irst year to IL, 900 900 lbs at the snd on
seven years. Turkish rapscity and solf,c oncsjt
prevented the legitimate increase Of d source of
wealth " suspe;su.ly Sswss4osl.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1861-02-12
STOCK FLUCTUATIONS.
This table Is dirivtd by conparis.n Of the Firss
Domestic Mark cts.

MoSpAr, Fob. liz Pm.
rI'ur, "" Tho transaction, Ia h,ur are onl , to
\ limited extent, and the market Ia heavy and
lower shippers Centrally are hOidius back Tor
still lower lrices.
sOu,l uu tlour /. dull an! dccllniss,w,h sale. 30
bbk. AZ - 10 50 60 FOR CO nn!On and 20 20 j
% for fLcy and extra.
Canadian flour is dull aud lower, with sales BOO
b5s. M 50 20 10 u FOR common ~ choice exua.
Rye flour Is quiet at ~ 10 ! IL 10, com non ~
ChJlce supei Gne. nm H4F7
Coin nisi.l Is dull aud dropping. -
GRAIs.-Thce Is scarcely auythiug aoiny In
Wntat and in view Of tic high rate OF freight, and
the extreme ditiauty Ia selling exchange, shippers
ars disposed TO hold OF for material cOuces don.
Holders Ant " sell, bu. are unwilling " submit 10
ANY important reduction in order TO do so.
Rye Is dull: sAles 800 bush at 65c. Bailey IL n
little better request, with sales . 900 bush god
state, 1t ,5c. The corn market Ia dull, aud precs
'etd downward sales ee 900 bush, AZ G5s. i5r old
mixed.
PRCvIsIoss The Pork market Is quiet and ste Vi y
for nesr, ard nominal for prime, at Siy 80 for the
former and sl3 for tho latter. The beef mirkct Is
81 for country prime; As 7b ~ n for couutfy
me.r; 's'tslO for IePsssed mess aud SiOsSii for
extra mess.
ca, Meats are quie, and steady, with sa'.s a, *
.oae 6i shoulders 8, aud saS',c for hams Bacon is
duh and unchanged.
dressed Hogs are dull, at E.sIhc Tor corn fed,
L'ya H)g' are quiet at % a6c ~
For Lard the market ~ dull Asd heavy, with
sales oi 10 bbs At t9haloc for No. to prime we't-
butter is selling at io'ita. FOR OHIO, ani lt'I'',
ior state. y
Cheese il steady At 9alO,[o.
AsIIEs-The market Is sSNRdy, and the demsnd
mcdei ate, with sale Of - bbli. at IS Vi ing Ppts
ard 70 20 for Pears
Corros-TLe market is yer, Gull and ireir'w
mlddins uplands are quoted At II sc. b
WmsRLr-Is In hir request, wlthsut ml'eri,l
change chiefly at the inside prize, with sales Of 800
hbls. AT lSs1sko.
~ a
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1861-02-12
Cslamities,

A rIAw OF wINr >rUuCN two I, l. G"AI,,
at rouc hkccIsir, on Wednesday, ani lhqv col.
lided. Three gentlemen wcrs scycrcly injured
JuuS fHhNKiIN vNtCNUuuT ny ArUIIEy
and carried r,und n shsfI, at Franklin. VI,
last week; his legs Wd ~ arm were broken.
Mni ALLIy SIIrrin oN ruE sIpru ALK,
at Rochester. on Wednesday and WIS t,kcn
up inscnshi", having cut her temple open.
a rim mENr DOWN S,MurI PINnTH' {,
house and store at Pine Plains, W.strhrstcr
Co. on Wo1r'-'day incrHing; loss, $a.0OO.
THr rNEH ,SD srinIrs WIRE nrRxr a,owN
ut b. ,r.s Hotel Monticello Sullivau Co :,
on Mohray night the horses and carriages
wcle saved loss, ~ 900.
A orNIIMAS rrCoME INSANE by the recent
loss of hi, wife, scized leigh in the street,
at Hartford, CT, on Tuesday, ANA drovd furi.
,usIy about the strct,s, until finally stopped
somc umr after. He WAS taken to the police
station COR safety.
A loINU WOMAN, who has been years bed.
ridden, at New Marlboro, Mass, was burned
to death. on Sunday morning; on account of
excessive nervousness she had been removed to
= little detached house, built expressly for her;
while the family was at breakfast, a fire broke
out and burnt down the little hut, the charrcd
remains Of the young woman heinS found at
the door. II Is supposed that spark from tho
store set the place on ire.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1861-02-12


In presenting tho "star" to GAGIu,rpI, on
the 18th January, Gen. TrR made the follow.
ing remarks:
General Tho Thousand who discm,,rkcd
with you at Maraula, with whom ycu conquer.
sFat CNa'a6mi, and planted at ralrnp the
flag Of liberty, victoria usly surmouGtins every
obstacle, present You today, through u, this
star, which We hope you viii accep' as u sou.
yenir o. dangers past and pledge f those that
are TO come. No; those who suviyc that
thousand whom you once called tho remains of
ten battlcs, will not 10 wsGting ~ the pexl ap-
PEAL which YOU m Ike.
GARIrAihI, moved to tears, replied
Rest assured that no i,ift hiS evor bceu nurs
dcdr To my heart than this which IL oil, rod to
me- by INV brave companions IN arms. Tell
them thal ac,cPt il willingly, and thhnk
them. ! cuurt u ala upon tLou when shali
cnrry to yuur beautiful country, Oh Gsncrnl.
ttc all II our aims, since | have sworn uppu
the grave " those gallant Hungarian, who
died for italy thit we italians, W, cul 90.
PLACE them, as il Is our dniy.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1861-02-12
Mr.. I.incoiu,s P0oItiou.

The Springfield Journal thus replies to
correspondents suggestion that Mr. LINCOLN
should abandon the Chicago Platform, since
platforms are moTe dericeS 10 cdtck potc,!
We can easily understand how such a man could
favor oolnpIomse- no mgt'er how huniliatIEg. lie
does not know what princI,le means. We regard
platforms -Iariy plstiorns-ds Declarations ~ Iil1n-
: picS-not mere devices ~ catch votes" Mr.
LIS'oIS 30 understands them. The people 10 uu-
deIstand them. The Chicago Platform Is a decla-
! alton OF Republican principles. Mr.. LINCOLN en-
doi ed It, aud Nss eslted because he aid endorse
I. ID" you suppose that he will repul.ale 1t now ,
A 'StW@s1ldh"-- such a statesman a. our WASH
ugt"n mend speaks Of, he might-but as an hOHea
,nH be cannot, aud will not rspudiltc IL. lie said
when lie acct pttd the nomisatiOn, that he believed
in, and would act upon the principles therein eun-
usttd. The people believed him, and elected him.
W. make no lHisSs tsoTk about H. We know he will
never desert or bstray those principles. Hs will
abide by them--bt governed by them and they vi !
cad him 10 honor, and our country through all "a :
hcules 10 safety prosperity, happiness and glory.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1861-02-12

Hero is a good story we have just hrIrI A
young man "a brother to ~, Boots" " p'rlapS.
for, like her, he enjoyed q grol iul>,l was
studying in college. Our afternoon hr wai,rl
out with one of his instructors, nul the,
CHANGED 10 see AN old pair Of Shoe, lrn. ln the
side Of thu road, which appeared 10 h'lrn, to
poor man ut work close hv. "l"t u, nave a
little amusement At III, eNrGnsc," said the stu
dcut. "SuppoSc We hide Ilr'o hoes, aui rua-
etal ourselves in the bushes to watch hi, per-
rlrNi'y when hc cannot fin them" Il can
think of n lcitrr trick thin that, ,lil tho in-
sHuciur. 'Ncu grr rich, anil suppose vou
put u silver ioilar in the tot Of cich
shoe, aud then We will hide" The
young man did 81. The poor man tin
isbed his work soon, and wort to put gu his
shoes. You cen imagine his surprise, whcu he
stopped down to take out pcl,hlr M he sup.
posed from the toe, nnh found II to I've hard
dollar, and then his absolute pcrpleNity and
nstoni .hmcEt, when hc found still another in
the other shoe. His feelings oyorcimc him;
lac foil upUu his ku"rs, looked up to heaven, AMI
uttered aloud fcrvrnt thank sgiying in which
he thanked Kind Providence 'or sending some
unknown hand to save from pcrishing his sick
and helpless wife, and his children without
bread. DO y0U wonder that the vOun, man
stood in his hiding-p'aCc deeply an Ctcl. and
his eyes filed with tears. Young friends and
you Miss "Sly Boots when vou want 10 cni,y
real fun, real pleasure AT witnessing the ,-r-
plcNity IL others SOC If you cannot ia sUiir way
initiate the student. Such ,tirks are worth
pcrfOImiur
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1861-02-12
Treferring DealL 10 New JcncY.

One terrible stormy night, in bleak Dcr en-
Icr, United States vessel Was wrecked % the
coast of Jersey, and every soul, save one, went
down with the doomed craft. This ono sur
viyor, u western gentleman sriled u floating
spar, AMI was washed toward the shore, while
innumerablo kind-hcartei tools Of the G imlen
and Amhoy Railroad stood clustered on The
Leach with ropes AMI boats. Slowly bat surely
the unhappy mariner dTifol TO- and, and u, he
cNhau.tclly caught at the r,Ie thrown him.
the kindly natives uttered an "ncoui!inS
cheer, "lOu are saved" they shouted, "iou
are saved, and must show tho conductor y, ur
ticket With tho sea ~ boiling about him,
drowning stranger Sutdcnly resisted the efforts
to haul him ashore. 'St0p" said he, in n
faint tore. ''rcll me where | am. What coun-
try is this? Aud they answered, "New Jer-
ey." Scarcely had the name been uttered,
when tho wretched stranger iet 80 the rope,
| calculating as he did 30, ~ guess III loat .
littls fAgtasr." Ue wAs ueyor soon again
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1861-02-12
Anothcr sn.c, on Governor Hicks.

Judge LE GE,ND, prominent Maryland
sccrssiouist, paid 'iaa, a few days ago, to
Governor lIIChs, in order to in luce him to
call Convention. Being, however, unable to
make any impression upon the mind Of the old
Governor he finally tried the same game which
the seccssit ni,ts have been playing successfully
on Mr.. Bu,uASAN. lie asked tho Governor
whether he was quite sure that In the event he
should continue TO be deaf against the clamors
Of the ADVOCATES Of = Convention an attempt
upon his life would not bc made. The Governor
quietly replied TO the astOnlshed Judge that, IL
he had forty lives To lose, he would lose them
oil, before he would call Convention. Tho
Juiss tAsu lsil.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1861-02-12
Scientific Items.

USE ~ PEAr As FuRL.-In order to extri-
Ia almost invariably had to the combustion Of cat,
bon, in some form other. The process ol combus.
tion Of this element consists simply In It's union
with oxygen deIiyei flVni Tie atmosphere Rt high
temperature. The products are very varied, in
consequence Of the combination OF other elements
and substances with the carbon Of the fuel. Could
pure carbon 10 burnt fuel In the form Of pure
charoal, or Of the diamond, the products would be
simply two gases, carsonc acid and earbonic oxide.
hut ordinarily, variety OF iatty and resnous mat
ters, and Of mineral ingredients enter into the
ositon Of fuel and the residual products are there
by rendered more complicated and various in their
nature.
IuStanaes have greatly multiplied, Of lats years
at which unusual sources of fuel Of heat have
bceR brought forward, the result Of mechanical
and chemical ingenuity in that direction, an among
tl,ese, the article Of peat is specially prominent.
Though this material IL composed simply OF mass
Of plants in state OF decomposition 1t ordinarily
cCI.ilus variable proportion of mineral substances,
which IL uni " increase wish the dtp'h 1t which
n IL extracted aloci'GCn at the surface yielding
.nly ultI ~ p'rs'nt'. Of ash On combustion
AID r.cttw,nr, 90, IN depth Yielding as much rs
ten per cent o! nntCs'
The economical ,Iuc Of TO best description o.
th,s Kind If fuel, w.y be q timattd and compared
with that ofrihcr iou'rcs or helt. by the number OF
lounds OF water CvIporH'ol by given waleht Que
Iouul OF tie lest tuf collected aId lrlgd IL the
uroin'ry way, will cyaporstc about i've Rml hall
ounls OF water. l. makes a Ere Of great hIme,
mt Of Little intensity.
7ho dnatdyaLta. .,es presented by peat IA u source
If Leaf, have been considered by Inventors, and
much ingenuity bus been displayed in an enle0yot
90 ,ount Irc the natural, uuiayorlbla qualities Of
Isut fuel Pressure as b, on usoi 81 cOuleuse Il,
I'D 10y " ths prusseS Ia vogue, i c,uiensed
10y ueGt fuga .orce, the peat being eiuccd puPy
s,Hlo with water, and the water being then tbroTh
II by TIE mass being set N rapid revolution. A
u.ass ofccnsidmable density Ia thuI obtained.
PRE,IbEsr FELIoN, Of Cambridge, asserts
that the continued use Of steel pens paralyzes
the nerves Of the arm. lilo advocates returU
. w lito Wv VI quiiis,
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1861-02-12

Phvste ,elesr"ius aIote !uithsf advance ~
Ancr.can Ercuutc, in London. Illinois Central
32a sen dtsuount Erie 20. Tn. Lsuiou Y.,r,
says -
" Il is computed tNnt the total amount v sec,iri.
ties rUrCi a.tI st New Yoik on ErS,ish arc,unt,
duIrg the ctsts, has not exceeded half million
st-rD,, at III outside. In many ni'an'ss toe or.
deus icit OFT could IN, bo ~, iad, the New York
m'rktt having rap diy risen much beyond lhe
HINTS e. Nsd