davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1861-04-07

J KINGSTON, JAMAICA
Jamaica and New York Screw Steam Packet Line car:
he mail To call for Kingston, Jamaica, on the 18th Of
month. The mail steamship CLEAfOR, Capt William
viii sail for the above port on Saturday Apri 20 from
Third class $50 For Freight passaGs apply "a VAL
BOOTH, Agents. 81 Broad street.
The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1861-04-07

-spLENDIDLY ENGRAVED ZOE PITCH.
RkAD rHiH- Forks and Spoons, es dozea. Eve ind
~ es - oo plate oes, ~ BAHsrohUS the Coop n
stitQte
The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1861-04-07
RAILROADS.

UDsoN RIVER RAILRoAp-FoK ALBANY AND
hoy connecting with trains North and wesk-TrAna
NO
brow cRAnsrus srpxxr. IRON rsIprY FIRST srvrvr.
presA 2 snd II A. NJ, and 7:21, 1880 A. M. and $50
rs and L. NJ SOS r. NJ.
y snd Albany with steep Io:ib p N. Sundays incu
Pc cars, s:iaP NJ dedl =
IL NJ and 4 Pm
skskiE train, $50 p. NJ B:5sPM
hg sing train, $3.50 and 40 and t:l5 PN
NJ
rytoNa train, $40 p. NJ 7.ioP.M
The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1861-04-07

NAIL sTEAMsHip AFaICA-NR LIVER.
THE AFRICs. Theodore Cook. comm tndsr, will
y compsnys dock. a; Jsrsey cisy, with The mails
rrs for Europe on "wednesday, tse Sta instant.
are sted to be on hoard by four O'Clock r. u.
"A win sail on the s4th instant
- b CUsAhD 40. 4 Bowling Green.
The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1861-04-07

Il TO GLASGOW, LIVERPOOL BELFAST, LON
derry and Dublin, for $50 The AL powerful Clyde
orth river, on saturday April u, at II nom Thus
In is fitted in the most approved style TO insure the
Iermediats SIS; seerase, $50 including abundant
/ OF cooked provisions. The succeeding steamship,
b RINaDON, win sail on Tuesday, April g, ~ f2
|Appy to FRANCIS MAODON AID b CO., 81 Broad
{oraer of South William
The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1861-04-07

Nv YORK, HARLEs ND ALBINY RAILROAD
ntr Railroad for all points Vest Northwest aud gonth
hi; aao with the Northern Railroad for Saratoga Rns
ID burlington, lattsturg Rouses Point 0gdeus6urg and
|ntreal.-
ps rRror ROW, NEAR CTR IRON r~xSrr srxrn STREE,
|ress train, A. NJ and 7:2o A n. and AS r. n ana
:WP.M io26AM
rrcns natl treip. loA NJ
NJ VIII suosbridge white Plains Crotoa Falls and all
s lFsns ace time table 7oclcck A. NJ express alr
Ives Albany every Sunday ntOratnR.
john BuRCHIi.L. Assistant Superintendent
The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1861-04-07

NJ TO LONDONDERRY, GLASGOW AND LIVER
The Montreal Ocean Steamship Compsny's frst
Un powered Clyde built steamer NOVA 6COTIAN,
McMsster carrying the Canadian and United States
ll sail iron Portland next Saturday April i3 Rates
366 and 80 steerage found with cooked provisions.
ffcates issued for bringing out passengers from al
Scipal towns Of Great Britain and Ireland at very low
|For passage apply ct q Broadway New York.
HAbEL i SEARLE, General Agents.
The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1861-04-07

NrR AMPTON AND HApRE--ON SATURDAY.,
E.-The United States mall steamer FULTON,
a commander, will Sail from pier No. 81, North
II beach street, on Saturday April ~, VI noon
! under deck, enclosed " water tight oonpart
5ci, besides other results tend Ia the event OF
strandirg, to keep the pumps free to work, aad
safety of vessel snd passengers. For freight or
iy 10 SAMUEL n. FOX and dEo. INACCESSIBLE,
,er nRAG0 WI, sail MAY rs
The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1861-04-07

UpSoN RIVER RAILROAD EXCURSION TICKETS
To and from New York and all stations south OF and
uding Hudson soic A. greatly reduced rates Tickets "a
from rsekski and stations north TO Hudson bod fov
A v SMITH, super,p4ena.nt
The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1861-04-07

BOHEMIAN TROUPE-THE BOHEMIAN TROUPE OF
d Glass Blowers giving their popular Promenade
Entertainments at the Cooper Institute; from IL
till 81 r. M Eighth street. The beautiful LOW
PRESSURE STEAM ENGINE, made entirely OF glass and
the only in the world will be in constant operation in
connection with glass working In all its varieties by
pany Of artists selected from different quarters Of the globe
and the best In their line valuable collection of beautiful
works OF art of their matchess production will be dis
tbued evening and Wednesday and Saturday after
The public respectu y Informed
only exhibition of the kind in the world Admission Is
half price.
The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1861-04-07

TO HAMBURG, HAvRE, LONDON AND
hampton. The Hamburg American Packet Compa-
SGRusSIA. n. Trautman commander,
|re on Monday, April IS, atl2 O'Clock NJ, for Ham
Southampton taking passengers for Havre, London,
Tipton and Hamburg.
Hin 800 Second cabin. 500 steer~ge SIS
a. h. RICHARD h BOAS, Isl Broadway.
eamship BAVARIA win succeed the BorussiA ON
The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1861-04-07

lANsHyP GREAT RAsrERS IA TO BAIL
ngiand for Nav York "a th@ lst OF next month;
" Is Intended 70 leave tots port with passengers
sc -''A y GRINNELL, MINTURN 4 co.
, 1861-07-23

q Literal s. Marriage Of fConven1ence.n
The 0bservateur Bt!ge tells the following
capital story, which If not new ID still old
eaoughto bear revlving, especially at q season
when cfice seekers are so put to their met
tie TINT no hint Of metho@ can be thrown
awhy:
The g1andfsther Of the prasent King of
Holland one tay received visit from young
nan who 1equeeted to be appointed as sue
ceEsor 70 notary deceased On the previous
day. The King said: "The notary has left
nothing for hts widow, with the exception Of
somo handozen children to bring up; the
ptrson who succeeds to the office must do
something for her. There Was candidate
here eome minutes before yon came, who Of
tered her pension Of four hundred traacs q
year, which is very little" II will give her
1our hundred forms, eire." Well, We shall
see. Come again In week"
TIE young man vas punctral to his appoint
meHt. I'll appears" said the King, s. that
the connection is good one; your eompeh-
fGs ed 59w Rge to xG 59a wdeT s4s 1a @ aqn
the widow six hundred FORMS" "Come
again in week; he who makes the most Lib.
eral offer shall have the Office" At the third
audience the other competitor had advanced
to eight hundred horins, but our young man
declared that such generosity would be ruin
oAA3 AAu lAAt A1 GOHiA iAot %A4It GU AAANA.
venture, however, to ask your Majesty to
grant me the favor Of suspendiug your decis-
ion for week longer"
The delay Was granted, but when the young
man came for the fourth time, his d 1jesty
cculd not help sayicg, with some inpatience:
1t is useless, cir, to Say anything more.
Your rival has not hesitat=d to .G.r a pen
sion Of thousand aorins; will ,cu do as
much Tor the widow % ~ beg your pardon,
sire, will do more; am ABOUT to marry
her. Here is her written consent" King
William Vas 50 much diverted with this place.
bunting e1pedient that he determined the
Queen ehould fmmediately share bis amuse.
tucnt, ard The hero Of the adventure accord
irgly had the honor Of relating all the partic.
u1ars to their majesties, who laughed most
heartily at the htory. This model plaae-hun-
ter afterwards became all exceedingly SUCCESS
ful man In his business.
, 1861-07-23


Two German sa7ans, Messrs, Ktrchof aud
Brusaer, have discovered two new metals
through q process which they call ttanalysis
By the rays Of the spectrum" or spectral anal
ysis. It is found that when metallic COM
pounds arc held in fame Intense enough to
reduce them to luminous yapors, each metal
may be known By characteristic ray In the
spectrum Of tho fame, Independent in ITSELF
and unirfuenced by any combinations into
which the metal may have entered. The test
is delicate even to the mirutest particle, and
the discoyerJ Of 1t inaugurates new path in
chemical analysis. Thua 1t Is found that soda
exists ia nearly everything; atmospheric air
contains it almost constantly. It is thus, also,
that they have asce1tatned In the mother
waters Of different saline solutions, In corupa-
ny with sodium, potassium and 1thtum, the
existence Of the two metals Of which they au-
ncunce the discovery, calling them ssAmsiuu''
and "rubidium." The rarity Of t4ele new
elements will be appreciated when 1t il known
that to obtain sixteen gramnes OF the salt Of
It is necessary to use the solid residue left
bJ twenty tons Of the mineral water Of Kreuz-
mach. Finally, they demonstrate the presence
Of iron, magnesium, chrome and nickle In the
inc1ndescent atmosphere OF the sun. The
newly discovered metals have received tho
names Of coeRtum and rubidium, from tho col
o1s OF the rays which they emit In the spec-
t1nm. The first haa two rays Of . graJish blue,
and the second tTe brilliant red rays. With
regard to hydrogen their equivalents are: for
coesinm II Qripfe that Of potaaeium1 aRd for
rub!diuA 65.3e. Cesiam, which gives An
oxide a. powerful rs pota- b, muck resembles
potassium, but 1t ai8ers from It in tho soluble
lty Of its nitrate in alcohol IT. salts, like
those q rueidiun, are di1tiuguished BY their
crystalline forms, and BY the properties which
They possess Of the salts Of the alkaline metal.
Those Of rubidium are similar to those Of
cGainm, but they differ from them In their
properties. The tho metals are electro.pssi
tiEo with regard to potassium; Eutidlum is
electro-negative with regard to coesiun. MI.
William Croakes haa lately found this last
named eubstance in concentrated mother
waters coming from sea water, The same
chemist announces The discovery, due to tho
photo-chenic method, Of simple substance
belonging to the sulphur group; it gives .
brilliant green ray.- - -.
To ohtain for this method the fayor Of utili-
tarians, ne may state that We already owe to
It tie kaovledse that uthiuR u fouad In the
motaerwaters st aalt works In I quantity
t large e1ouxh to allow oi usIag these waters in
, 1861-07-23

2:a1sH+:cs mn 2::::rc;:antxs 2::::,;:sa:ntx
, 1861-07-23

Guns. po1nn&r, SC.
Gtfan1 DpE Hmorks.

NIEW YORK STEAM DYE
In WORKA 'Wu. Yerbu1y, III South C12tk Bsreet :.
between haMa@soa ~ @ md & Mea.ee ch3saSs: pyef ~ =:
stray hats Aad Bonnet AvtaS. K1eeeAng AID Pres
fnx. Store and County Nerk Eoltctted- Al ordefs
b. M4i1 CT ExpseAs promptly Asssatec TO- T. g bex
3684. ss1iiY
, 1861-07-23

FATHER AND Son IN ARMS AGAINST EAca
O7HER,-Mr, Penninger, resident Of Tennes-
Rec, had couple Of sons in this county, sne
other has shouldered his nuskct il obedience
to the call Of his country, and is nov stationed
at Birds Point, Mo-, as soldier In the 18th
Illinois regiment A few days since letter
WAS received from the father exhorting his
sons to come South and enliat in the Confed-
efate army; at all events not to take part on
Tie side OF the Union, as he was then = mem.
ber Of Tennessee company destined for
Memphis, and did not desire to bear arms
against his children. But the father and eoa
viewed the nstter in different lights, and the
one is now at Memphis and the ether scarce
two hundred miles away In q hostile camp,
his conscience, and intent c1 splitting the
sther's blosd.-Jonesbo9o (lH.) Gazette
, 1861-07-23

FORCE eF TIE MIME R1P1E.-Dr. McCsok
OF Pittsburg Was ct the Mcclure House last
evening, On hfs return from the scat Of war
He had in laa possession a number Of inter
mueket with clean hole through the barrel,
made by Mimic rifle ball. The musket was
in the bands Of q Federal soldier, who was
about raising it to fire upon the rebels, when
one Of the latter fred upon him, and, strange
IS it may seem, the ball struck and passed
round the barrel Of the musket, making a
round clean hole. as if the barrel had been
und.- H2teling Iattlligencer.
, 1861-07-23

CALL FOE 4 fANTHLET,
kfw.R5EA.Y
, 1861-07-23

rA'RE PIN EHNSYLVANf,A GEN4r
J. .l5 EaHME'hn M
chu.s1 .e'S ., 1,is BSs ) 90: esss: :, -: Ii Is
5svtea 3S9fass. ID f5i:s:,p5is at=7
2i I5: e 1 1fF a Esso ::
Il! 5sI5 -: 2s:tea Ts!sss!s ~ Wssss9ts
eit.s.elsera a11afT4:saa for s5esd aad comf5lse
Ese1::, - r.: In. raa s.!eaxa 70 rhn,a.lps,s
,eaoxM6 caas ~ ssa..aeu 70 sack trx,z, WYod1nt.
NAL 81 saaas;s eIsspts
Ts.ea ts!lx raars connect d1rect ter ti-w York 81
7ll Tb5e:Eh 2eussEssE Tain. crowded VITA 1.orgh
t4e A12tcse- ias adding :2:A - tbs s.tss5 OF r.
s. Daily Traits M ns* xesE Fniac.phte aud Nsz
IorE: sxc rSE la; Tza5, hftEssa m EsT YsEs 20 Aet
Ee .re1s srsiar. t'sA' Ill 7e Eooo oa e1;aa1 CT
E:s. 7,$keti r B9stea are goea y. Horx.ea =.
s:1sg ses q ess:Es t5;oags % Ssx Tass ssnes" 'aSS
Esoss s,e sn s sag o s.
fsgrikr l1= 2: sse:1asre q e. tae Ats.s.!2p Cd:
sEF;af tI-A1s @ is Il 10. 11sfi I'D nc IL Qunoz IL
AZ zcE :Hfs e f.: 3 .1i5: E[H1sneEaz
zs9E'z3Ei SzzSs Ef5:ss a:#s, = e AsD =@
ssiEs s;esx & & 8 tes ssese Ras
i?:}:ss; M ssif: % 4 sezssaS;s Es
fsr Trcist. =; ,esze:s A.d 5aIp:4e DlzscEons a53:;
p CT address ether u .hs ee.'1V!E1 k7auta ,! t.
L. a sIKShEE Ft..4uarzn; ..
Fa7iey. a.; r. Aesseie7. E.1Ssn!s.. Il: 9SsaS5 /
SEYj s35 81 F:ss0f5 ca ce 1sa sisss
nse" 5ae & l.o7e. IaH:!,; Il 9. ota!:J e. t7as
ts s ssse: ns ! o!.s e IL 5ssn G1 fsl' a Il
st.e, IsR2.: EaT-s ) 5uesfAIsmcat', lem C.a7k;
Txa Eyeateet Ika;iltt4 eEsEeG iax ths tt1o:a4s
Sra md a24?a7 Trh4s71!txtiaa Ct
LiT3 Stcok.
Hza kucd AcccnE cdarecs VIII uxEe! 3s.1!a "a II
'''ss's t1a's-a>< IL eff;Es fKfE:SHTs ;7sis1z:
2y stla 3aGie F.eisets q A. tesf.1;.crz Ga- SIS -
Ek5d=s t. a.! rS1- -2tte5:i3hls, EeH 9r-kz 5u<se
:! Eaitins1s e aad :sse Apy Hs:a: g he EssEoad
Ct Mif@cGst nr railroad direct
Gha FercaslFsc.a Railroad &lzo ec1nech At PITT
t?:1i VIII stesE:szc b. EcieE Goods GLE be forward
TeEnesfee, C.o6erzad. nl{no.e El.s!ssif?L Wlsss9E
81 Cievalsna, Gs1taskY haa C1icsgc N1h aseana- Il
Me-ihA2n Ead aal7Ps,s eaTcstins he .:aa.psx.aua7
a<thes tserhts to t{s Company, ssa sey Eis. eoaa.
tsxce cp tta s2F..sT t.aosit
The rates ot F.s1zGt e &c frcu az rcda: u u:
.ss :cAbe a. are Charged tJ o:hS: e. 3 Companies
q 3.lss ..rst ss,.o,e
LACE &C.. Nc; Aatoz Ho7se, OF Nc. 8. VI
EGH s; HnSrS All S e. 81; @ sEsss 5o1sSn Isae,zhs
t. Z. a0uFT Eea T7cSet Hx't Philadelphia
ES9Ca LEWIS Esu. 9uot.. Altooca, Pa.
, 1861-07-23
Gbirago Gritu,1r


Daily Arrivals and Departure OF Mail
Tr1in1.
, 1861-07-23
Can w.h terms. De 1t Rect caayt. jeass,. ss5n


kA Oak Orchard Acid I,Is;s II,Ir
sse1.-Psnphlc1s Containing The 7rts12-soic.'cera
Gh.mistz I'D ra1 s!cians respecting the nse i tnla
s41kElc :te cas. c.z4.15 diseases CT tie sn.. sy~
x -llhe su:7iied Eratte "a nnpn:atont to
j. q. REED 8. Co.
Wholesale ors:G4b~
:!.4t:a--7. Ii.
-- CALL FOE YANrHLET,
, 1861-07-23

Cultivation u tAe fOlCe.-lne
rnacrsrned wcuid respectfully inform the catzens OF
rhicsao sast be tas located himself IN this city fz
the nrose Of tes hing the cultivation 3ud deyelou
meat Of tho roles. Elns<H pupil Of Carlo Bsss!nl
ae nroeoees a:re Ar1culxr 10 the usua,
pcs sscc:e4 nAttcr Of Forming Aad Developing tsa
TAsce- 4 ]. EEELL.
Eoe:cs Musical Unlea Acsdesn. Iaruoa Block.
EtF~%Estts Rev. Edward Anderson. Boot d
kds I nrlo he*siAi
Can x.,h .eIrus. Dc 1t Rect csaye. js:c,s. s5n
y To Horse Owners-Nr.Sweet's
atsib1e Lalren, 10, Hores Is rar1ya1i.d by auy in
IL ctses OF Lamcntss, arising itcu Spraas Bruises
r"senchioE. it. e@eti Is magical and certa.n. Esr-
.ess oF Saddle Gal.. E.rstclek Mango SC, It will
lto curt speedily sravtn and lnshnnc NAY ha ess'-
pr ted and cared il thtir 1nclnfept stages bst
:onnrned caaea arc be1t nd the fossib; ty cf rada
ure- NJ Gaze Of tEe Kind however, "a 80 desperate
v hopeless but It may Re Alettted by tht Ii -tncat
nd IT. nithful Application viii always remove The
AAenesa. and enable the torse to trayel Witt ccI.
AlRuve eaxe.
Every hsrse owner rhc III have tit. recdy ct hand
or its EH1ely ttc t:ft arpss-.ec cf Lhtcscss
Ill eKeetu1uy prevent tacse Formidable diseases
.enloaet to vtlch Ill hsrecs az ,lan:c and wick
rndex 20 many ele'n lie Tslu tb1e iler.ss rcarly
Esrthlesa. See adv, 1ttstr r.er, For sa1c by J. z.
OHNsOE, General Agent 70 State etreeL
as.7toco~,dly
, 1861-07-23

BAL 1NCEE, WASFf1NUIUHy
Harrisburg g. Pittsburss
k:sc-ToK r. A1bANx, Pa ygxEALU; ousKRE
NATL DA3TOE.
An I'll tEt&rLs11aEa StattnES tween Chicago 81:
the ct:1s ahIEe Ex-s=L
eeF.rg Carr -1glt trs!ls, and baeEnka b. tef
rt-1e CHECKED through 70 all Eaetsrn E1tleH.
acketE Eor sale ct tEe pri4,l2. rlcEet 'Ecee II t.
Essrsc.I stretk, and at t4e UE!sn Deps- West Slte
Chicago.
e-e'%
, 1861-07-23

" Killed by Lightning Fly
K&ner-yeu can r1d 5our hour OF fnes Win tue aia
of tn,. .,r,. II hlls lnftautly. without danger 70
sxyth,nr e1.s TrTtt. Full directions on eseh sheet
Fnr .s,r bv ]. Il. REED CO.. FULLER 4 FINCH
nnA III. RSHAA 4 SMITH, Chicago. j12Iw
The daily Green Mountain freeman. [volume] (Montpelier, Vt.) 1861-1865, 1861-04-27
PRICE, TWO CENTS.

The Senate declining to agree to the amend
ment, proposed by the House. of Senate Bill So
as to provide for the payment to soldier fan,ii-
tS, OF soldiers wages from the "$7 GOA
month fund.-" the House insisted upon said
amendment
House Bill, No. 5,-''an act authorizing per-
sons to raise money for the relief Of the families
of persons called into military SERVICE" was re.
ported by the General Com. without an express
sion ofopinion. The House ordered the Bill
engrossed, and its Sd reading, at | o'clock 10
minutes tomorrow morning.
Messrs. Reed, Seymour, and Thomas were ap-
pointed committee of Conference to confer
with Senate committee on Senate Bill in relation
to providing for families Of citizens of Vermont,
called into service.
Messrs. Allen, Gardner and Boynton were ap-
pointed committee OF Conference on IIo Bill.
No 20.
House Bill, No. 5, called up and passed
The committee of Conference on Ito. Bill, No
20, 'an act providing for paying Librarian and
other oificers," reported an amendment which
was adopted in concurrence with the Senate
Mr. Noyes of Burlington, offered Il joint reso-
luton, to refer documents communicated by the
Governor in relation to an alteration Of the con
stitu1on OF the u. s., to Select com resolu-
tion adopted. Messrs. Milo L. Bennett. Pier
pont lsham, and Andrew Tracy We're appointed
such commttee--to report at the next annual
session OF the Legislature.
Mr. Gleed reported for the Committee of
Conference, in reference to Senate Bill 5, pro-
viding for families, &C.. recommending that the
House recede IRON the proposal of amendment,
as far as relates to the first section of the Bill,
and that then the bill be passed. The form of
the bill thus recommended, provides for pay
ment to families of soldiers, from $ seven dol
lars month fund; " also for AID, if needed,
by such families from the State Treasury
Discussion followed the Report of the Commit
tee Yeas and nays were called for upon the
adoption of the report. The House agreed to
the report-yeas, 80 nays 81.
On motion Of Mr.. Whitney, q Committee
was appointed to inform his Excellency, the
Governor, that the business of The session was
transacted, and the House ready to adjourn.
Messrs. Whitney of Franklin, and Oakes of
Bakersfield were appointed as such Committee
On motion Of Mr.. Stewart of MiddIebury,
the Clerk was instructed to inform the Senate
that the House of Represoa tatlves were ready
to adjourn without day.
Mr. Bowles of Washington offered a resolu-
tion that the thanks of This House arc due to
the Speaker for the able manner in which he
has performed his duties during the present
session, which was unanimously adopted.
! Adjourned without day.
The daily Green Mountain freeman. [volume] (Montpelier, Vt.) 1861-1865, 1861-04-27
l)octrp.
The Land Of the Pine to the Land Of the
Palm,


Ha Southron we' re comng,-youye reused us at last
And the chains that bound together so fast
Shall cank at your feet meath the Palmetto tree,
Ere your treason shall shatter the " Home of the Frec
From the white Hampshire hills where the Bald Eagles
rest,
To the prare that sweeps through the land of the West,
A voice has awakened our sumberng souls
And it gath rs in strength as onward it rolls.
'Tis the voice of the nation your sin has betrayed =;
In the balance Of justice your treason is weighed:
By the names you dshonur-your time is at hard,
When the cry of the mighty goes up from the land
Do you think in your vanity, pride and conceit,
You car force the stern Northern to sely retrea'
All pause in your blindness awake from your sleep
Ere you meet in enmity earnest and deep.
From the Father Waters whose valleys wide
From the great Northern lakes the Green Mount ain
side,
Shall pour down in myriads constant and true
That old flag shall bind with CLEAN of its stars,
Your paltry abortion of prison house &c bars"
Your laws-upon paper your forts-upon sand
In the light f that banner they stand.
Aud when ye shall it float in the air,
All your heart will turn back by the Palm etto-trec,
With fealy and truth, to the Home Of the frcc."-
Vanity Fair.
The daily Green Mountain freeman. [volume] (Montpelier, Vt.) 1861-1865, 1861-04-27
Fork vs.. Spade.

The time honored spade is falling into
disgrace, Look at yonder son Of Erin as he
drives the shining blade into the moist loan,
and heaves out u square compressed mass,
two sides Of which are smooth and COM
pressed as possible. If you are standing
near or working by his side, he will lit it
rap and crumble the top of it little, while
the mass probably remains intact. The
ground will be lovelled off with rake, aud
the Jumps will bake slowly. and remain like.
y enough, hard and impervious all summer,
if the ground is not deeply worked again.
When spading is done in very dry weather,
it is not liable to the same objection in de-
gree yet it leaves the soil always more or
less lumpy.
How different it is with the use of the
fork. Tne spadug fork is found of various
forms in he shop. We prefer one of mar
ow tines, rather long and very thick. made
of good steel. A good quality of steel is
very important, Tor often single tine stri-
king stone or stick, has to take instantly
the whole force of the blow or shove The
tines should be thick as considerable prying
power is often required and they should be
narrow, that the earth may be no more COM
pressed than is necessary. A fork like this
may be driven much deeper with the same
force. 1t will lift the earth quite as we'll as
spade, and without packing it. If roots of
trees, bulbs, or anything of the kind are
present, there is little probability that they
will be injured, if care is used, and the
ground may be Ioosened sufficiently in many
cases without lifting the earth at all, in way
to bare the roots.
The fork, in fact, may be used wherever
the spade can be, and shovel is not more
desireable-we do not claim for it superiority
In shoveling sand or gravcl--and it may be
used In many places where spade cannot be
used. About trees, in raspberry, current or
vine.borders, especially will the fork be found
of incaIcuable SERVICE and the spade should
be banished forthwith