davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Orleans independent standard. [volume] (Irasburgh, Vt.) 1856-1871, 1861-03-29
ComatEssloNER,s No-EcE.

PETER UHEELOCKN ENT4TE.
THE Subscribers, having been appointed by
1 the Hon. Probate Court for the District OF
Orleans. Comm issionerS to receive, examine,
and adjust all claims and demand, of all per
sons against the estate Of PETER NHEEL0CK
late Of Newport in said District, dccea cd, rep
resented insoIyer and the term of six months
from the second ,.... Of March 1861, being allow
cd by said Court 20 the creditors ~ said ceccaS-
cd, to exhibit and prove their respective claims
before us
Give notice, that we win attctd TO the duties
of our appointment at The tcng h0usl OF
Mchitahle Nheelock III Newport H said District
on the 9TH day OF June and September next, at
one o'clo,i, IN the atrcrUlouou a3ch of said days
CHARLES S. BATCHELIER, I,..,..
RUSSELL CUMMINGS. 'o''t' ~
Newport, March z, A. D. ISGl.-l3w3
Orleans independent standard. [volume] (Irasburgh, Vt.) 1856-1871, 1861-03-29

II Is convenient to have several sizes for
different sized trees, and 1t is Of great
Importance that they be perfectly clean.
vATs.
For holding the sap, a vat, made of
two-inch plank, tightly grooved together
is much better than a trough. A wide
plank is wide enough. Let it be sixteen
feet long. Frames somewhat larger than
the vat should be slipped over it, one on
each end and one in the middle, and
wedges driven under them to keep it
tight. Let it be covered, and take the
sap ont through faucet, which if pos
sible should convey it to the pan.
BOILING.
Those who have ever used The old pot
ash kettle, hung by chain to pole, by
the side Of large log, can appreciate the
value of pans. Those with wooden
sides, recommended every spring on ac-
count OF their cheapness, though they
may do good service, for one year, are
not the best. They soon begin to leak,
and then are a real nuisance. Good
pans should be made entirely Of sheet
iron. Seven feet by three and a half is
about the right size.
ARCHES
Sometimes these ere made quite low,
and partly below the ground but those
built two feet and half high are much
better, on account Of room for wood, ease
Of cleaning, and better draft. The
foundation may be led in a trench dug
in the ground. The sides and end are
sometimes built of stiff clay mortar. made
as compact rs possible. 1t Is however.
better 10 make them of stone well laid
up. The chimney need not be more
than one or two feet high. A heavy
bar Of east iron should be laid across the
open end at the proper heighth, for holl-
ing up the wood This is quite impor-
tant. 1t is very convenient to have a
crane over the arch with chains to attach
to handles on the fire when syruFing
down is completed.
One of the most important points TO be
attended to, in boiling sap, IS to keep out
the dirt This is exceedingly difficult.
Ashes ard dust from the fire, and dirt
and leaves brought by the wind, get min.
gled with it in large quantities, and the
soluble parts remain in solution much to
the INJURY Of the sugar. \ clean, dry
place should always be selected, and
every effort made to keep the contents
of the pan clean. Ne doubt the evap-
orators recently brought into usein max
ing sorghum syrup, will be found useful
for this purpose. There are many other
things connected With sugar-making, but
we have no room for them now
Orleans independent standard. [volume] (Irasburgh, Vt.) 1856-1871, 1861-03-29
PATENT FIRE PROOF ROOFING.

M L, the undersigned, having purchase, ne D.
w right 20 manufacture, use, and sell {.
r. Nlllks' Patent Mastic Roofing in the counties
Of Orleans and Caledonia, are now prepared lo
sell town or individual rights 10 use the same, or
10 apply it, as the ease may require. For ccono-
my, durability its sure protection against hic
and ,ytter. and lis perfect adaptatiun tOaay form
or description of roof, this justly celebrated
roofing cannot be cqualed by any oiAcr roonnS
i'm the United States. The undersigned VIII
while on a tour through these counties, taAc
pleasure in imparting all necessary iiliolI.ioii
lion Of said roofing, &c. Try our t91lng ana
10 ~ ,l,,r,, money. il. HAWLET.
5. LAWRENCE.
Address Haviey & Lawrence, Sheldon, Frank
s6eidg1, March %. issl-iSins'
Orleans independent standard. [volume] (Irasburgh, Vt.) 1856-1871, 1861-03-29
CHASE Machine WORKS.
j. ID. Chase & Sons,
MISTER MiCnINNTS liILLWRIGHIS and BUILDERS,
IVE,0T TONTOPD FREMONT
VEST CONCORD, VERlfONT,

and make olerour EXCELSIOR Iron Water Wheel.
ymee ofM Cylinder
Ta OF
Cracker
u throughout Wceh GHGs
Gas tSelSa OF
swsof kinds gunn and repaired
Orleans independent standard. [volume] (Irasburgh, Vt.) 1856-1871, 1861-03-29


TALLY the same, naturally superior to all
the refinements of despotism and capa-
bic of triumphing over tho most invete =
rate obstacles, is deep and passionate
instinct among our countrymen' II
Cromwell wept when he heard oil the
oxpulsion of the Waldenses, the feelings
of Ensl,abmen would not be less pro-
foundly affected by the downiallot Il KIN
dred Commonwealth, which none but a
Bourbon or Hapsburg could con'em-
Mate without admiration.
we know too well how rare is the
constructive genius in politics, and how
small proportion of the infant com
munities that Western Europe has plant
ed in the four quarters Of the world ever
arrive at maturity, to think lightly OF
such n loss to civilization. Even from
the commercial point Of view we are
not blind enough to suppose that we
should gain By the disintergatlon oil the
American Union into such fragments as
Mexico or the South American Repub-
lies. There are no Disunionists on this
side Of the water. Every English mer-
chant who has thought at all about the
matter has voted Tor Lincoln in his heart,
and the relief that will be felt in Amer
,ca # he should succeed in healing the
wooads of his country, will be shared by
many who have very inperfect notions
Of the site If Washington and MoH'gom-
cry and woa,d be puzzled to distinguish
the creed of a Democrat from that of
Republican"
FRANCE.
A meeting Of Hungarian and Polish
no,asiii,ies wa, SAID to have been held
At the Palace Royal.
Gen. Montaubao and Duke Tsche de
IA Paceri have been appointed Senators.
It was reported that the Emperor LAD
stopped building iron plated ships owing
20 the results obtained By the last new
invention of cannon.
The Mres affair was said to be assum-
Ing more scrioos aspect He was not
allowed to communicate with any one.
The Receiver General at Ions Les
spbsr was said to have been removed
-ron hi, post on account Of his connec-
ion With the Mires affair
The Independent members Of tie
Corp. Lot-.Mif proposed vario,s liberal
amendment {, lie ad l5ess. caliingamoog
-a.,,.s n. 5as. s-- the repeal Of the law @. I
quhl:e safety lae freedom Of the press,
.Ae
The Bsdee. for 1872 had been sub
-.,,od - ,bs Yay..latsre The expeu-
s...- ......-.ste- .. .ea,}, eighty mil
--...4..,on,,., Yas ss.ima,eI re.
.,.. IF aasr. Lalf a
D.aa~to,.,,
Orleans independent standard. [volume] (Irasburgh, Vt.) 1856-1871, 1861-03-29
DIED.
COMMISSIONERS a0YlCE.

In Craftsbury, March 18th, Mrs Sarah J
T0wIo vie Of John Towlc, agal71 Gears,
Orleans independent standard. [volume] (Irasburgh, Vt.) 1856-1871, 1861-03-29
TArrING TREES.

The lie and health of the tree depends
very much on the mode Of tapping
Farmers used 70 think the quantity Of
sap a tree would give depended mostly
on the width Of the cut, and they used
the axe and the gorge sometimes a quar-
ter grdling the tree. Nobody uses these
now. The gouge and the augur we're
once much used. We know one farmer
uses it still, but it is not the best plan
Most persons now use a three-fourlh inch
augUr, but experiments prove that no
more sap viii run from an oTtce made by
1t than by one from a quarter Of an inch
in diameter. As the latter size is too
small for convenience, bit three.eighths
or half an inch in size may be used with
just as good results as larger one. A
three fourth inch auger is two and one
sixteenth times larger than a oue-half
inch, and four times larger than a three
eighth inch. II the difference in the
injury to the tree is proportional, the
benefits arising from the change will be
considerable.
TUBS.
The very best made of pine or cedar,
should be used. They should have
strong hoops, otherwise they will not last
more than one or two years. Do not
get those that are painted on the inside.
There is quito a difference in the price
OF tubs but generally the cheapest ones
are the most expensive in the end. For
large trees, let them hold fourteen quarts.
Orleans independent standard. [volume] (Irasburgh, Vt.) 1856-1871, 1861-03-29

This great Neuralgia Remedy and Natural
Opiata calls Tor special attention and interest, be-
ingtIce OF Opium, urof any but it, strictly ycc-t-
able and medical properties. For NeurI 1ia,
Rheumatism, Govt Tooth and Far AcL Spinal
Complaints, Bleeding tuugs or Stomach, Rose
or FAY Fever, Calauh, and all minor Nervous
Complaints.
For Loss of Sleep Chronic or Nervous Head
Ache, Sick Head Ache, it has no equal, and To
which we offer testimonials from undoubted sour.
Cos.
For Dclirum Tremens it is a sure remedy.
For Bowel Complaint, including Cholera
MorbGs, ii is splcndidly adapted, in not only re-
III, wing the pains bug acting phyaiC, a great
conf .1st with Opium, which not only constpaies
and druA-s the system, but makes the remedy
worse thln the disease.
From Physicians VIC ask attention, and on de-
mand Formulas Ir Trial Bottles will be sent de-
veloping ia the AnLdyne an Opiate which has
hong been wanted, and in the Cough Remedy
such as rest entirely on the central p1nclpic.
From invalds we ask CORR spondence Tor Pam
phlcts or explanation, without ''postdge-stamps'
Priccs-Large Cough Remedy, 80 cts. per bottle
Small p
TOIu Au1dvnc, so
Orleans independent standard. [volume] (Irasburgh, Vt.) 1856-1871, 1861-03-29

4E'1I - - ~ 1.'O4sN
We take the following from the Ocsr-
land Times and Standard:
"The famine is great IA the land
Horrible accounts reach US from the
Northwest Provinces, of human beings
dying at the rate of four or five hundred
a day while the desolatien is not even
limited to tls vast expsnss Of country
from Lucknow to Lahore; for .aies are
now told equally appalling Of the extremI-
ties to which the population Of the native
State Of Travancore, in the south Of In
Aia, are reduced by the drou,b, which has
The Placer herald. [volume] (Auburn, Placer County, Calif.) 1855-1991, 1861-09-14
California in Olden Times.

The following list of the successive Gov
ernors of California was furnish ell us by a
distinguished citizen long a resident in this
county, and who has been much of the
time, and in various relations, connected
with its governments:
lst. Soa He was Governor in 1922,
when the Mexican flag was hoisted, and re-
mained until 1928. In that year he return
ed to Mexico and delivered over the com
inand to
Cd Don Luis A. Arguilo, who remained
in authority till 1925, when
3d. General Echondia arrived and receiv-
ed the command, and he and Arguilo con-
tiuued till the arrival of
4th. Victoria in 1880 or 1884, In the
latter end of 1892 the Caifornians revolt
ell and sent Victoria back to Mexico. By
this event
a,h. Don Pho. Pco, being senior member
Of the Territorial Depu'ation, by law be.
came Governor, pro tempore, till the arrival
in 1888 Of
9th. Figuerra. who continued in Office till
lie was obliged to resign on account of i'll
health in 1885, in favor of
7th. Don Jose Castro, who also received
the office by virtue Of being Senior member
of the Deputaion, and held till the arrival
of
s,h. Chico from Mexico in 1886. The
spiri, of independence had now become
some~ bat strong in California, and the poll
CIV of the Government in Mexico was very
much disliked. Ctico therefore had com
nand but few months, and was sent
away by the Territorial Depu,ation, Previ
Gus to his departure he delivered over his
power to
9th. Gutierrez. On the 9th of Novem
Der, 1886. the Californians, with few Mexi-
cans, revolted against him, and he was EN-
barked with all his officers.
10Th. Juan b. Averado succeeded him,
and continued in Office till the arrival of
llth. Micheltoreno, in 1912. who main
lained himself iu Office only till ls45, when
the Cafornians revolutionized and sent
him away. Don Jose Castro at this time
retained the military command; and
18th Pio Pico being again Senior mem
Der of the Junta Department became Civil
Governor, and so continued until the United
States flag was hosted in Monterey on the
7th day Of July, l846.
s. r. Call.
The Placer herald. [volume] (Auburn, Placer County, Calif.) 1855-1991, 1861-09-14
How Bomb.Shells are made.

The manufacture Of bonblshells is very
interesting. The shell is first file | with old
fashioned round eaden bullets; melted sui.
phur is then poured in to fill up the ntersti
ces and bind the bullets in one solid mass;
the she'll is then put into q kind of lathe,
and cylindrical hole of the exact size of
tie orfice of the she'll is bored through
the bullets and sul lphur, This cavity is fill
ed with powder even with the interior edge
of the oriice, q inch shell of the kind
here described holding about half pound
The fuse fitted into the orfce is recent Bel
gian invention, made of pewter, and resem'
bles the screw cap used for the patent fruit
cans. An examination of this pewter cap
shows, however, that it is made Of two hol
low discs Of metal screwed together and fill
ed with meal powder. A number of fine
holes are drilled in the lower disc, while tie
outer disc is entire, and marked with figures
in circle, |, 2, 8, 4. In this state the shell
is water proof When taken for use, the
gunner, by means of small steel nstru
ment, scoops out a portion of the outer
soft metal surface, and lays bare the charge
shell is desired TO explode ia one second af.
ter leaving the gun, the scooping is made
on figure i; if in two seconds, on figure 2,
and so on-the idea being that the shells of
this description shall first strike the object
aimed at, and do execution as ball, and
then explode, sending the bullets forward as
if from another cannon, located at the point
where the flight Of the shell is arrested.
Large she'll of eight or ten inches are Fl lied
with powder only, and bursting, do execu-
ton by means of their fragments. These
large shells are generally fired by means of
fuse Of meal powder, extending through a
brass plug screwed into the mouth of the
she'll In both cases the fuse is fred by the
ignition Of the charge in the gun.
Scientific american.
The Placer herald. [volume] (Auburn, Placer County, Calif.) 1855-1991, 1861-09-14
What a Volcano can do.

Cotopaxi, in 1888, threw its fry rockets
5000 feet above its crater, while in l744
the blazing mass, struggling for an outlet:
roared SO that its awful voice was heard a
distance Of more than 600 miles. In 1897
the crater of Tunguragua, one of the
peaks of the Andes, flung out torrents OF
mud which damned up rivers, opened new
lakes, and in valleys of thousand feet
wide, made deposits of six hundred feet deep.
The stream from Vesuvius, which in 1887
passed through Tore del Greco, contained
SO 100000 cubic feet of solid matter: and
in 1904, when Tore del Greco was destroy
ed a second time the mass of la amount
ed to 100000 Guhin feet. On this oc
casion thu scorie formed the Monte Rossi,
near Gchylosi, a cone two miles in circum
ference and 1000 feet high. The stream
thrown out by Etna in 1910; was in motion
at the rate of yard per day for nine
months afier the eruption; and it is on rec
ord that the lava Of the same mountain, af
ter terrible eruption, was not thoroughly
coolies and consolidated ten years after the
event. In the eruption of Vesuvius, A. D.
70. the scoria and ashes vomited forth far
exceeded tie entire bulk Of the mountain;
while in 1860 Etna disgorged more than
twenty times its own mass. Vesuvlus has
thrown its ashes as far as Constan tineple,
Syria and Egypt; it has hurled stones eight
pounds in weight to Pompeii, distance of
six miles, while similar masses we're tossed
2 900 feet above its summit. ,Cotopaxi has
projected block Of 100 cubic yards in yol
uuIe. distance of nine miles. and Sam mbawa
in 1915, during the most terrific eruption
on record, sent jts ashes as far as Java, dis'
tauce of 800 miles surface, and out Of a
population of 10000 souls, only 80 escaped.
The Placer herald. [volume] (Auburn, Placer County, Calif.) 1855-1991, 1861-09-14
AUBURN PLACER COUNTY, CALIFORNIA, SEPTEMBER a. 1861
A Column of Science.

A body falling only one foot strikes with
force eight times that of its weight.
Iron ships are now painted internally
with grey oxyd of zinc, which affords better
protection from rust than red lead.
A good baking powder is composed of
6 OF. bi carbonate Of soda, 8 OF. of tartaric
acid and 10 OF. of rice or fine wheat flour.
There are 100 veins in ON inch of moth
er Of pearl. These decompose ,he rays OF
light and produce the prsmatic colors.
Light comes from the sun at the rate Of
100000 miles per second; but sound travels
at The rate of only l,l42 feet per second,
The pitch" Of screw is the distance be-
tween tHo threads. In one revolution it
will advance the exact distance Of the pitch.
One pair Of milstones, feet in diameter
and making 1870 revolutions per minute can
grind FIVE bushels of wheat to -four in one
hour.
In the city Of Pitsburg, Pa and vicinity,
there are 25 rolling mills, which produce
10000 tuns of bar, sheet and uail iron an
nualy.
The shortest method of calculating the
horse power of steam engines is to use the
unit Of $50 lbs. moved one foot per second i,
instead Of $4,000 bs., one foot per minute.
Fraunhotfer, the celebrated German opti-
clan, made machine with which he could
draw $4,000 lines in the breadth Of one
inch!
A circular saw, IL fee: in diameter and
making 27O revolutions per minute, will saw
40 square feet of oak and 70 square feet of
spruce per hour per horse power.
In vacuum water boils at 80 deg. At
the boiling point the vapor Of water has
the same density as the atmosphere; it is the
same with all other vapors produced by boil
ing liquids.
An active man in the prime Of life can
raise 100 lbs, one foo: per second working
10 hours per day; horse can raise $50 lbs,
in the same space of time. These are units
Of horse and man powers.
The beautiful gloss Of marble and alabas-
ter is produced 10y rubbing it with a moist
linen cloth and the powder Of calcned tin.
The finishing touch is given by rubbing
with dry soft leather, or what is better-soft
silk.
For 10000 years, say the geologists, the
waters of the cataract of Niagara have been
wearing away and cutting through the con
soda!ed strata.
The Placer herald. [volume] (Auburn, Placer County, Calif.) 1855-1991, 1861-09-14
Things to Cherish.


The eyes that look with love on thee,
That brighten with thy smile,
Or mutely bid the hope again,
If thou art sud awhile;
The eyes that, when no words are breathed
Gaze 1ondly into thine
Oh! cherish them, ere they grow DIM
They may not always shine!
The faithful hearts around thee,
That glow with love and youth,
That time and care ne'er yet have scared,
Nor ravished Of their truth;
The hearts whose beatings we have heard,
When throbbing near our own
Oh! cherish them! those beatings hushed,
Eurth's dearest tones are gone
The days when there are hearts and eyes
That throb and beam for thee;
The few feet hours when life doth seem
Bright as q summer sea;
The thrilling moments when to speak
The full hearts joy is vain
Oh! cherish them! once gone, alas!
They ne'er return again!
The Placer herald. [volume] (Auburn, Placer County, Calif.) 1855-1991, 1861-09-14

Cows IN THE CITY OF LoNDoN.-One o
the last places ip the world, perhaps where
one would expect to find herd Of three OF
four hundred cows, would be the city oI
London, especially, in that fashionable part
of it known as the "West d."-And yet,
if one considers moment, it is manifest
"milk for the million" must somehow or
other be provided, and the how becomes in
teresting' "MIk for the babies" is scriptur.
al and we were much struck with the good
security, so characteristic Of English thorugh-
fares furnished TO the babies Of ST. James
Park for the purity Of the beverage fur
nished them. Large healthy sleek looking
COWS were standing in the shade Of the
trees by the wayside, held by a rope. and
ever and anon some nurse or mother, or
fond father would pause with baby wagon,
while the attendants would milk glass Of
the undultera:ed article, and the young suck
ling would imbibe it fresh and warm from
the COW.
The Placer herald. [volume] (Auburn, Placer County, Calif.) 1855-1991, 1861-09-14

ELDER LEAvEs.-The common elder bush
of our country is great safeguard against
the devastation of insects. If any one will
notice, it will be found that no insect ever
touches the elder The leaves Of elder
scattered over cabages, cucumbers sqpasbes,
pumpkins, beets, cauIidowers, and many 9th
er plants and roots subject to the ravages Of
insects of numerous kinds, will effectualy
shield them. The simplicity and convent
ence Of this remedy recommends itself to
the consideration Of the farmer and gardener.
The Placer herald. [volume] (Auburn, Placer County, Calif.) 1855-1991, 1861-09-14

HuRRAH FoN AsurABuLA!-We are in
formed upon the authority Of gentleman
who left Columbus yesterday that compa-
nv for the war have arrived there from Ash
tabula County, and that eighty six of the
eighiynine members Of it were Democrats
There are only nine brndred Democratic
voters 10 the county to five thousand Repub'
I;can. Ohio Paper.
The Placer herald. [volume] (Auburn, Placer County, Calif.) 1855-1991, 1861-09-14
NUMBER 2.
AN EASTERN LETTER.

A friend furnishes us lhe following letter.
which he. received from the East short
time since:
The Placer herald. [volume] (Auburn, Placer County, Calif.) 1855-1991, 1861-09-14

The Boston Traveller states that many of
the shirts made by the ladies Of Boston for
the volunteers, are from four 20 six inches
too shorH
Like man without wife,
Like ship without Q sail;
The most useless thing in life
Isa shirt without a-proper length,