New-York daily tribune. [volume] (New-York [N.Y.]) 1842-1866, 1861-07-31

III WILLIAM HOWARD Resell, LID Bsuser a.. Law, the
Special Corner ondent " TIC London Iiaes.

Special Correspondent " Tao London Time.
CAIRo, ILLINOIS.
In my last letter gave an account OF what saw
on my way to the city Of Memphis, and OF my visit
TO the Secessioniss camp, and brought mp the mar
rtiye Of the journey to my arrival at this place,
which is the head quarters Of the brigade OF Illinois
troops employed in behalf OF the Union TO keep a
watch and ward over the important point which
commands the junction Of the Mississippi and Ohio
rivers. Msjor-General Pillow, Of Tennessee block
AIDES the current Of the united rivers at Memphis;
Brgadier-Genea Prentiss blockades both streams
before they join al Cairo higher up The former u in
the midst Of friends; tho latter il surrounded by
enemies-across the rivers, in bis rear. below, be-
hind, aud above him-in his very camp there are Sc
cessionis feelings sentiments, and wi-hes, sometimes
represented by actual force. There in the larger
States about this vast region conditions Of opinion
the subject of Union or Secession which are like the
electrical phenomena Of conductor, charged by in
ducion. As the Suites approach or recede from the
great slave agriculiurss they become SecessoDist
divided, and finally Unionist. Western Virginia is
rather Federaist than otherwise Southern Illinois is
In several counties all but Secessonist East and West
Tennessee differ in sentiment on the great question.
Missouri IL also distracted by Federals, and Dis
uniOnist
IL may be that this scbism will not only break up
the Union but split mp The States, for the
efegnty oil which one part Of the Republic II arrayed
in arms against the Oiher The Secessousts however,
sop short with their universal remedy al the borders
of each State aud do admit the right OF separation
TO any portion Of "A State unless IL be in their own
favor. Union man is very glad 10 observe discussion
in State when il IL brought about by the friends Of
the Government NJ Washington. Northern man
will endure anything but the d, Of the Union being
broken up; he becomes incorporate eud angry if
il be limited AZ. But, in whatever way the end may
lie worked out is clear the used in doing 80
are tie od.fashioned machine in vogue in the Old
in he hand ~ rssno nd ruIa and
that the majority in States which the ruling power
must be destroyed by the process. The argument OF
fefgoyening people for the whole of the United
States IL now convenient enough; but we heard very
different language when England demanded redress
for the imprisonment Of her subjects at Charleston
and when n British subject was seized in New-York
because he had destroyed vessel n the service of the
enemy. In fact the whole OF the philosophical
distractions on which tho founders Of the Republic
based their Constitution have given way before the
pressure Of events and every step that 10 taken BY the
Federal Government in yndcation Of ts rights or
preropayes is embarrassed by difficulties which in the
end must be cut by the sword. The authorities can
scarcely deal even with rebel privaeer; and in the
case of the schooner taken by the United States brig
Perry in all but fragrant piracy with proofs abundant
Of Ler guilt there is court TO condemn her, unless
one be specaly devised nasmuch she ought by law
10 be condemned Ia the United States Court in the har
Dor of Charleston South Carolina where the United
States processes at this moment not OF much elect
IL ia obvious that such emergency as the present
lies in a crisis have ways rad recourse to dicators.
II wordsplters, docrinemongcrs, and dodging poll
tieians at the forthcoming Congress OF Washington,
attempt to control the action OF the Executive by
"constitutona devices notions or resolutions, they
will do more harm TO the cause OF the Union than all
the militia captains Of the enemy host.
few hours took me out of the Southern Camps TO
the Federast poetion but Secession sentiments tray
eled on board the steamer. An English steward, who
left his country long that he fogets all the feelings
apt..p Int fhA
South would hold ts own on the Slavery basis, and
proessed asonishent at the notion that Slavery was
Dot in itself good thug which he found prevalent IN
Great Britain The passengers were rather secession
ist than Unionist and must say, from what i have
seen. there is far more leniency and forbearanee
shown by the United States authorities 10 the rebels
than the latter exhibit toward those who are IN
favor of Federal principles, which are generally
inc at the levee of Cairo, the passengers went
where they listed and very strong Secetonist from
New Orleaus who had travelled with me In the train
going north on "business"-I suspect tam Marie
9uan, Mercur,o-was let 20 his way by General Prem
iss after brief detention Regarded from the river,
Cairo consists Of bank Of mud running out in the
junction of the Mississippi and Ohio in the shape of
a horizontal =. The tops OF certain unimpresslye
wooden stores appear above the bank and one tall hotel
rses ao near the sharp end before which the United
States Gag floats with all its thrty-iour stars. AT the
angle there is an earhwork which s not yet complete
buf which will soon be finished In very good order. II
ia redan, or rather hGche, following the line oil
the banks with good profile and commando regular
ditch scarp and counterscsrp and IL owes it excellence
probably 10 the skill ola Col Wagner, Hungarian
artillery officer who Is in charge IT, The hotel was
crowded with men h uniform, and it was suggested
by the landlord that bed large enough for two
stout gentlemen-my friend and mysen-the thernom
eer being at 1909 or 30 ia the shade; but there was
difference of opinion on that point, and finally we
were quartered in secluded little chamber, two
bedted, one.windowed, with fine view into the back
yard The details strongly occupied by Illinois volunteer
forces with two field batteries and several guns OF posi-
ton. On the opposite shore OF the Mississippi at place
called Birds Point, in the State Of Missouri Is de-
tsched post, with field intrenchments held by ..s