The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1861-09-04

uniSsd In one great prosperous and happy county,
Instead OF controvertng the of yoi view
In regard to the causes Of our actual troubles deter
mining where or whom the responsibility Of thei ex
is'ence rests, shall beg leave TO make my sta e
men from point of view which is found in the gcneh
sentiment OF the people north Of Mason and Dxons line
They say that whatever may have been the anterior
origin OF this war, its immediate the act
OF turning guns put in place by the State OF South Caro-
INA, against public military defence Of the country
large which Of right belonged to all tho States in
mon Then 1t is thought, at least stated, in these
quarters that the South, for many years past would not
DO satisfied with less than paramount control Of tho
iederai government. The South, 1t is well known, has
peen IN reul mood for many years under Northern
saits made upon her civil and domestic institutions. II
woud De- on my part very uncanid TO disguise the con
veton that IN this respect the South has had much
son TO complain Leaving, however, opinions to huctu-
ate as they may will simply give you my own TO the
primary catses Of our present strife
lo0 Know that free speech and free press
al constituents Of the first notions OF Anglo Saxon lber
w. These were the shibboeth Of It's existence prospcri
~ AMI prospects, In the exercise of these peculiar pv
cges the North this country has used It's type aud its
tongue Extensively against the South, Neither
the south backward In the work OF rctalia-
ton ON the same principle But the Anglo Saxon, whether
of the South or Of the North would the whole world
set in blaze rather than put limits tho freedom Of the
press or the nnbded license of tho tongue except when
the laws nterpose for tho protection Of public authority
or individual rights Of character and property.
AZ the commencement of our national institution as an
independent State slavery for instance, found to
exist, almost universally in the North well in the
South. The word itself not used any Of the para
graphs found in the Magma Charta OF our government
The slave trade from the western coast Of Africa had
been encouraged by the subjects and the government Of
Great Btaia The government of England did not hes
tate to ax its veto Of tho enactmcnts made by
the recognized local authorities Of the colonies the
dimnuton Of the slave trade II would appear that from
this trade, so abomnable In its primary origin there
were certain emouments accrung to the treasury OF the
mother country. And these emoumens were looked to
as source OF revenue just some countries in Europe
in their sovereign capacity monopoze the largest por
ton OF profits resulting from commerce in salt and to-
bacco.
After the Revolution slavery was gradually dispensed
with in all the Northern States Whether this done
from what would now appear a sense Of humanity, or
from motives of domestic political lucre will be for
you, as for me- private right to determine each accord
ing TO his own opinion. But slavery social element
recognized in all the States at the period OF the
Revolution SO far the changes that have super
vened ia reference to slavery have been all In
the North, and the South is today as to this
matter in sdn quo, just she at the period of
the Declaration Of Independence, The Northern States
IN the exercise OF their acknowledged right repudiaed
slavery within their borders The Southern States,
in the equa exercise Of theirs have done just the
has exhibited great morse for the sins of its neghbcrs
portion of its Inhabitants talk in a certain style, not
only OF this subject su, of great many others about
national sins which, according to its solution OF Pagan
ethics of Christran duty every human being bound
to correct. Yet the biggest sin In day known the
North is not what occurs in its own immediate neighbor
hood or State but the monster inquity Of the South
which, between yon and mo- and the world goes might
have been permitted TO manage its own AFFAIRS IN its
way that its acts should be found either in harmony
WITH or not in violation Of the constitution Of the United
States.
am an advocate for the sovereignty OF every State in
the Union within the limits recognized and approved Of
by its own representative authority when the consttu
tion was agreed upon. As a consequence, hold that
south Carolina has right interfere with the in
crna affairs Of Massachusetts, And, further
quence that Massachusetts has right to interfere with
south Corolna, or its domestic and civil affairs Of
the sovereign States Of this threatened Union. But
the constitution hdvng been by the common consent Of aue
sovereign parties engaged in The frdme0ok and df1rocal
e s, a. n"n.1 ,1a a 10 S Sta 1Ss g. S ss e.
The revolt of the colonies against the authority Of
Great Britain is quite another thing. Ii England had
extended to these colonies the common rights
and privileges nominaly secured by the Brit
sh constitution have high authority for believing
that tho colonies would not have goe at least when they
did iato rebellion. Indeed it might be asserted and
tanned that not the Americans but the British
ministry and government, that supplied legitimate
sons for the American Revolution.
In the present 1t would be difficult, by parity Of
reasoning to justify the grounds which the South have
acted
think few remarks will satisfy yoa Of the correct
of this statement You say that for many years tho
South has proclaimed its dissatisfaction, aud announced
its determined purpose secession il certain complaints
should not be attended to and their rcdresse that
the South all the time in earnest and the North would
believe in their sincerity their predictions This
the federal government such had Civ, special
for the secession Of the South at this time more
than there ten, fifteen years ago The Per-
sonal Liberty bill was unconstitutional in the few States
which adopted it, New York was too wise and too patti
cite caught in that trap. Tho socallcd Personal
Liberty bill adopted, so far as documents arc
evidence, either directly or indirectly by the government
ut Washington. Indeed, am not aware OF any statute
passed by the federal authority which could give the
South additional reasons for discomfort complaint with
in the last ten or fifteen years.
have thus alluded the unofficial causes for Southern
resentment Even in your lser the cause alleged is
The election Of the present chief magistrate This does NOT
at all sufficient to '0arran the course 0hich the South
hos adi14ed
has lasted during period OF between seventy and eighty
years. During this time its executive administration was
enjoyed by III, South for ftytwo years. No Northern
President has ever been elected Washington Jefferson
Madison Monroe and jackson have each discharged that
Office for torn of eight years 1he conclusion IS ten
that on, of serenity eighty years of the administration Of
government y,co gears hare en,red 10 our patrto
e,, of The South This fact inpolccs the o,,tiaes and
,naeu on the part Of the South TRe nary he army he
c,tients Of the Supreme Court soere not t9'prdnt # or in
sensible to This fact Nor, put 70 your fandor say ohs
tier after such history Of the administrator Of our conH
tn the South might not hare tolerated the occupancy Of
tie presidential chair by the present incumbent who 'eah
his Northern predecessors IN that Sce could Sard,y cs
You saw that President Lincoln elected by black
pubcans in the North lam inclined to think that he was
Indirectly or negatively elected by democrats North and
South The black republicans presented candidate and
order to defeat his election, the democrats No-h ana
South presented three If the latter had selected only on;
candidate Is probable that the black republicans as you
call them would have been found n,nus hab eates
But when the democrats distributed their votes appa
emily with view Of rendering them inefficient,
then, of course, the one man OF choice was elected
over the three candidates and competitors that ha
gate all against h.,n alone That he uas constitution
dly elected ,,ndr these circumstances is not denisd
either in the South IN the North 1hen # so elected h
IL he Chief Muqirae of all The United States Of Arericd,
and by his perry oath If Office is found by ueir
consent 10 that neither Mrnc on The northeast, or 1ras,
an the Southwest shall be permitted 10 overthrow the original
fdsrul compact agreed upon in the constitution Of his
Government If States shall be oo,ced in TIE foce Of that
J,dTu constitution, to kick the traces Of comat n
union, as agreed upon in The primitive days g our 9ocern-
nsr then IL is difficult to Uhy counties and to,onShfs
and ydges may mol b. at liberty TO do The same hing just
as o, the freak fancy to do so may or shall hare
come upon them.
There appears to be idea IN the South that the fedc
raj government and the people OF the North are deter
mined to conquer and subjuga,e them. This think
a great mistake First, in the sterner sense o the
word conquer, it seems to me utterly Impossible aud,
If possible think would be undesirable and injurious
both to the North aud the South. Unless have been
DECEIVED by statements considered reliable would
that the mind of the North looks only TO the purpose OF
bringing back the seeded States to their organic cond
tion-oncbeliun.
There remains now scarcely hope OF peace, and the
issue is apparently that the North must triumph on the
field of Mars or that the South shall prove itself victorious
on the same bloody But, after all, we must not
despafr in reference to coming peace. The idea OF an
arm,sce even for six months, Is utterly hopeless
but think that the North II the chance were presented
vouIi he as willing enter terms OF peace as the
Souh itself Stn bound TO say, under deep convic
tion o the truth that of both sections unhappiy launched
an The swelling torrent Of domestic troubles the Norl
will be the latter to sink swim in the sangunay tide
! on which both are now aioat.
You make mention Of the commissioners sent 70 WASH