davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The weekly pioneer and Democrat. [volume] (Saint Paul, Minn. Territory) 1855-1865, 1861-12-06
The stone Fleet.
The New York World, of Saturday,

The New York World, of Saturday, am
nounces as follows;
For some weeks it has been whispered
that the Navy Department was preparing
a feet of vessels, stone laden, to be sunk in
one or perhaps several harbors on the south
ern coast. The fleet sailed on the Goth in.
slant, and we give below list of the vessels
composing it, with their tonnage. They
are all but substantial whaling vessels,
double-decked to give them greater tirmness.
They were stripped of their copper and
other fitting which were not necessary for
so short voyage as they will make, and
loadeFwiih picked stone as deeply as was
safe.
In the bottom OF each ship a hoe YVES
bored, into which was fitted q lead pipe five
inches in diameter, with valve so fixed
hat, ghough perfectly safe even for q long
voyage, il can be very quickly removed 1t
is calculated that the ship viii BE- filed and
sunk to the bottom in twenty minutes after
The removal of this valve.
10 provide against accidental jamming OF
the valves, each vessel is furnished with two
auPurs OF the proper size.
he crews consisted OF SIX men each
These will b. returned by the men oi-war
vino vii, assist 10 the work of sinking Each
ship viii be anchored in the place chosen
for Der, and will then be sprung round
proadsde TO the chlnnel, thus etiecting as
great stoppage as possible. When this
is done, eud SIZE is 10 position, the valve
will be withdrawn, and when the vessel is
nearly Level with the waters edge, the men
will leave i'll q small boat. 1t is reported
that an enterprising rigger has gone down
with the fest, with the intention 10 take off
what pieces of spar and rigging may re-
main above the waters edge alter the ships
have sunk.
The captains of the ships are all we'll
acquainted with our coast, first rate seamen
and good pilots. Each captain received on
the day he sailed sealed orders, not to be
opened until after the pilot left his vessel.
The following is copy in blank OF those
orders. II the blanks were filled, the enc
my might know too coon where the feet is
bound.
The feet consisted of twenty FIVE vessels,
averaging 1886 tons each.
The weekly pioneer and Democrat. [volume] (Saint Paul, Minn. Territory) 1855-1865, 1861-12-06
The Escape of General Floyd.

The correspondent OF the W0rld gives
the following account of the final escape of
Gen. Floyd, and of the death of rebel
officer
Floyd found himself hard pressed and
was obliged TO tall back gradually from all
his positions, except Cotton Hill, near the
junction OF the three rivers. Here he be-
came rapidly hemmed in, until the night of
the 10th, when he took advantage of the
darkness 10 escape. and with so much
adroitness that 1t was not Immediately
known. He was, however, followed to
Fayetteville and thirty miles beyond, where
one regiment WAS 0vertaken. Our brigade
opened the action upon them with great
spirit, and the rebels again fed in the great
est confusion Only one officer attempted
to turn them to the conflict. He displayed
great c0urege in endeavoring TO rally his
retroatiug mcE, and attracted the admira,
tiOn of our entire troops. While our bull
lets fell thick around them as we advanced
at quick step, he was in the very rear OF
his regiment cheering his men, and vainly
trying to turn them to face us. lhey fed,
but he refused TO follow them, and tell in
his place before we reached the ground.
lie was not immediately killed, but his
Wounds were fatal. lie represented him-
self to Gen. Benham as Col. Cr0ghan, son
os Unlted States navy officer of Pannsyl
vauia, VINO, IN our last war with England,
distinguished himself in the defence OF q
western post against the combined attack OF
large force OF British and Indians. Gen.
Benham colversed with hun, received his
last wishes, and placed him in care Of the
brigade surgeon, but he died Oh The evening
of the 18th
Gen. Beaham was within three miles OF
FlOyds army when the orue. came. glvluG
his command to Gen. Setback, OF Vienna
renown, and The brigade was ordered back
10 more retired position. His troops,
who repose The greatest confidence IN his
prudence and energy, manifested great res
greet, but obeyed like soldiers. Gen. Ben
ham resigned his command to Schenck,
who Immediately withdrew the brigade to
more retired position. Thus, for the
present, We are again in state QUo The
soldiers mere look upon Gen. Benham as
the coming man" OF this war. He is a
brusQle, imperative, and rather overbear
ing man with his equals and superlors, but
his rapidly of movement, fertility OF re
source, and consummate military capacity,
is recognized by the rank and file, with
whom he is wonderfully popular.
The Wheeling lnteNigencer says it is
somewhat singular that with but two ex.
ceptions, in every success we have had in
Western Virginia, our men have been led
by Gen. Benham He has just returned
to Gauley from the pursuit of Floyd, whom
be fol owed closely for thirty-seven miles.
Floyd was not bagged, but he was driven
ingloriously from Western Virginia. The
troops at Gauiey are now clamorous to be
sent into Kentucky, to bear hand in the
great advance down the river. .s
General Wool calls the slaves not con-
The weekly pioneer and Democrat. [volume] (Saint Paul, Minn. Territory) 1855-1865, 1861-12-06

"A letter from Newton, Benton cour-
ty, Iowa, from P. F. Harris. OF that place
states that on the 18th inst, young man
named John Macklin, who has relatives
living somewhere in Illinois, came to that
place for the purpose Of ferriting out
gang of horse thieves and counterfeiters.
He was murdered by some of the gang,
somewhere near clear Lake, short time
since. 1 4mr bsi,s
The weekly pioneer and Democrat. [volume] (Saint Paul, Minn. Territory) 1855-1865, 1861-12-06

General Wool calls the slaves not con-
traband, but vagrants," whom he pro-
vides for and employs
The Jeffersonian Democrat. [volume] (Chardon, Ohio) 1854-1865, 1861-03-29
Sleeping Position,

The food passes from the stomach al
the right side, hence, its passage is facili.
tated by going 10 sleep on the right side
Water and other fluids flow equally on q
level, and it requires less power to propc
them on a level than upwards. The
heart propels the blood to every part oil
the body a! each successive beat, and it is
easy to see that il the body is in horl.
zontal position, the blood will be sent 10
the various parts of the system with
greater ease, with less expenditure oi
power, and more perfectly than could pos.
sibly be done if one portion Of the body
were elevated above horizontal line
On the other hand, if one portion OF the
body is too low, the blood does not return
as readily as it is carried thilher, hence
there is an accumulation and distention,
and pain soon follows. Ifa person goes
to sleep with the head but very little
lower than the body, lie will either soon
waken up or die with appoplexy before
the morning. simply because the blood
could not get back from the brain as fast
as it was carried 10 it. II person lays
himself down on level floor TO sleep, a
portion Of the head, at least, is lower than
the heart, and discomfort is soon induced
hence, very properly, the world over, the
head is elevated during sleep. The saw
ages use log Of wood or a bunch of
leaves; the civilized pillow and il this
pi!ow'is too thick, raising the head too
high. there is not blood enough carried to
the brain, and as the brain is nourished,
renewed and invigorated by the nutrimenl
il receives from the blood during sleep. it
is not fed sufficiently, and the result is un.
quiet sleep during the night, and a waking
up in WEAKNESS, without refreshment, TO
be followed by day Of drowsiness. dis
comfort, and general inactivity Of both
mind and body. The heal.hful means is
pillow. which by the pressure OF the
head keeps il about four inches above the
bed or mstrass nor should the pillow be
so soft as TO allow the head to be buried
in it, and excite Precipitation. endangering
ear ache or cold in the head, on turning
over. The pillow should be hard enough
to prevent the head sinking more than
about three inches.-HalPs Joaraa of
Health.
The Jeffersonian Democrat. [volume] (Chardon, Ohio) 1854-1865, 1861-03-29
How and WI at to Read.

Read much, but not many works. For
what purpose, with what intent do We read
We read not for the sake of reading, but we
road to tho end that wo may think. Read
ing is valuable only as it may supply tho
materials which tho mind iself elaborates.
As it is not tho largest quantity of any kind
of food taken into tho stomach that con.
duces to health, but such a quality of such
a kind as can be best digestod so it is not
the greatest complement of any kind of in
formation that improves the mind, but such
a kind as determines tho intellect to most
vigorous energy. The only profitable kind
of reading is that in which we are compelled
to think, aud think intensely; whereas that
reading that serves only TO dissipate and
divert our thoughts is either positively hurt
fu, or useful only as an occasional relaxa-
ton from severe exertion. But the amount
of vigorous thinking is usually in the in.
verse ratio of mullifarious reading. Multi.
farious reading is agreeable. but as habit
it 10. in it's way. as destructive 10 the mental
as dram-drinkiDg TO the bodily health
Our age, says Horder, sis the reading age"
and no adds, "It would have boen bettor. in
my opinion, for the world and for science.
If, instead Of the multitude of books which
now overlay us, We possessed but few
works good and sterling, and which, as fow,
would bo therefore more diligently and
profoundly studied. .'-Sr Nm. Hamilton.
The Jeffersonian Democrat. [volume] (Chardon, Ohio) 1854-1865, 1861-03-29
CHOICE VARIETY.

HOME comprises all tho space that wo.
man should desire to shine In.
A MAN is in tho sight Of God what his ha
bitual and cherished wishes are.
THERE is an efficacy in calmnoss of which
wo are unaware. Tho oloment OF serenity
is ono which wo peculiarly need.
A BAD cause has often triumphcd over a
good ono, because vigilant villainy is an
over. mate for slumboring virtue.
THERE is tendency in every untutorcd
mind. and not in each alone. to consider ey-
erythine profound that is obscure.
MoNEY and time have both their Value
lIo who makes bad uso of the ono will
never make a good pse OF tho other.
THERE is nothing so true that the damps
Of error have not wrapped il; nothing so
false. that a sparkle of truth is not in it.
TIE blue of heaven refreshcs the eye Of
the soul when il rests upon it, as much as
the grecn Of the earth docs that Of the bode.
BEAUTIFUL was tho reply of venerable
man to the question. whether he was still in
tho land of the living: mo, bu, l am al
most thorc."
He who writes against tho abuses Of the
ago in which hc lives, must depend on the
/ generosity of tho few for his bread, and the
malice of the many for his fame.
IT is tho vicc of tho unloarned to suppose
| that tho knowledge of books is Of no nc.
count, and the vice of scholars to think that
thcro ia no other knowledge worth having
ENvY is tho most inexcusabIo of all pas
sions. Every other sin has some pleasure
annexed to it, or will admit of an oxcusc;--
envy alone wants both. Other sins last bu'
for whil'; the appetite may DO satisfied;
anger remi:s; hatred has an end; but envy
never ceases.
HopE writes tho poetry of tho boy. but
mcmory that of the man. Man looks for.
ward with smiles, but backward with sighs.
Tho cup u! lifo is sweetest ut tho brlm; the
flavor is impaired as wo drink Deeper, and
| the drcgs are made bitter. that We may not
struggle when il is taken from our lips.
As there are sotne faults that have been
termed faults on the right side, so there
are some errors that might be denominated
errors ON tho safe side. Thus We seldom
regret having been 100 mild, too cautious.
or too humble; but We often ropent having
been too violent, too prccpitate, or toe
proud.
The Jeffersonian Democrat. [volume] (Chardon, Ohio) 1854-1865, 1861-03-29
Twenty Years War for q Negro.

What an undemOnstrative people We are!
How much it takes to movo u prosperous
Englishman! We ought, perhaps, to expect
tho mon Of Manchester, who tavo reduced
agitation to n system, and who havo woll.
oiled machinery always ready with fires
banked up. to go off with shril shrek at
a momonrs notice; but, generally speaking.
1t is wonderful how long an Englishman will
keep his deepest feelings to himself Take
this oxtradition slave case. W. havo in our
custody fugitive slave. who, in bis own de-
fonse, has slain n white Amorican-who, II
no haG not escaped to Canada, would have
been burnt alivo for tho decd. Tho Cana
dian Courts have determined that wo ought
to surrender him. The son of tho slain
man demands tho victim and the Judges
admit tho legality of tho domand-"the
Court awards it, and the law doth give it,"
According to all tho public proceedings in
this case, it would appear that tho regular
and natural course Of events would be that
Anderson. tho negro, would bu tukon from
the Canadian prison, and handed across the
Canadian frontier to authorities there ready Y
to receive him, and that by them no would
DO triod, condemned aud executed. Scarcely
anything would scom moro certain to fiil
every large room with sympathizcrs and
platform eloquonco.
Yot almost nothing has been said aboui
tho matter. Lawyers have discussed the
judgment OF tho Canadian courts in a dry.
lawyer like way. but so far us any express.
ion OF public opinion is concerned. it might
well DO imagined that the English people
cared no more about Anderson, the nogro,
than it it were question of putting to death
u crippled horse. How strangely mistaken,
however, would any foreigner be- who would
so read the public mind! Rather than give
up that man England would 90 to war;
Even it we had fought for iwcnty years. and
wore dropping from the drain of men and
treasures; II wo woro gasping from great dis
astcr, we don't think a man would be found
to suggcst as a termination of our difficult
tics, that VIC should hand over this slavc.--
There is, perhaps, no case that could be put
which would havo such hold upon all our
strongest feelings. Our nationa! pugnacity
our sense of national honor, national hospi
tality and humanity. and our hatred to nc.
gro slavery, would all combine. Itis case
in which VIC should have Mr.. Brigh, finding
fault with tho insufficiency OF the Naval Es.
Inmates, and Mr.. Buxton making sarcastic
allusiOns to tho want of enterprise in the
Secretary Of War. Yot with all this power
OF explosion there has not been o single
burst. Even Exeter Hall has not said o
word. Even the professional rantors, who
make what they call career out of such
demonstrations, have not venturcd to lay
hold OF tho topic.-London Times.
The Jeffersonian Democrat. [volume] (Chardon, Ohio) 1854-1865, 1861-03-29

WASHINGTON AND FRANKLrN.-It may
be mentioned as somewhat striking fact,
and one, believe, not hitherto adverted
10, that the families OF Washington and
Franklin-the former the great leader of
the American Revolution, the latter not
second to any Of his patriotic associates
were established in the same central
county of Northampton, and within few
miles OF each other; the Wash;ngtons, al
Brighton and Sulgrave, belonging to the
landed gentry OF the country, and ia
the great civil war supporting the royal
side, the Franklins, at the village of Eaton,
living on the produce of farm Of thirty
acres. and the earnings of their trades as
blacksmiths, and espousing-some of
them at least, and the father and uncle OF
Benjamin Franklin among the number
the principles Of non-conformisls. Their
respective emigrants, germs of great
events in history, took place-that of
John Washington, the great grandfather
OF George, in l657,to loyal Virginia; that
OF Josiah Franklin, The father of Benja-
min, about the year 1885, to the me,ropo-
lis Of Puritan New England.-EaWard
EUeren.
The Jeffersonian Democrat. [volume] (Chardon, Ohio) 1854-1865, 1861-03-29
FUN ITEMS.

PRoDABLY the men who can boast tho
possession Of the most varied and numerous
gifts.aro begeara.
"MEN who endeavor to look fiercely by
cultivating profuse whiskers, must DO hair
om -scare-em fellows.
NAvIGAToRs on tho sea Of lifo, II their
VOYAGE is u long one. generally have TO scud
at last under bare polls.
Il PEEL" said an old lady "that Ivo got
about through with this world. / sbsn't en-
Joy much more trouble"
IT has been said that thero is o skeloton
in every house; certainly in these days
every fashionable woman has ono about her.
A MISS GILMORE was courted by q man
whose name was Haddock. who told her
that no only wanted one gill more to make
him n perfect fish.
SOME queer follow who has tried 'om, says:
There are two SORTS of wine in Stuttgard;
to drink ono is like swallowing an angry cat;
tho othor is like pulling tho animal back
again by the tail.
SHERIDAN, a scholar, wit and spendtbrift,
oeing duuncd by tailor to pay at least the
interest on his bill, answered that it was noe
his iRierrI to pay tho principal, nor his
principle to pny the interest.
A DUBLIN journal observes that band
bill announcing political meeting in that
city, states, with 5oundlcss liberality, that
"thc ladies', without distinction of sex, are
cordially invited to attend"
A YOUNG lady. engaged in writing, OBJ.
served to clergyman present, that she was
Il Scribe. To which tho man in orders, with
u sagacity and clerical discernment truly
crcdi,able, replied, "And fair see." (Pharl-
SEQ
compelled to neglect tho paper one day, and
gavo the following excuse to the subscribers:
I'VE wero unable to issue our paper yoster-
day in consequence of tho arrival Of two
extra mdtss."
A GENTLEMAN was called upon to apollo
gize for words uttered when in wine. II
beg pardon" said he; Il did not mean TO
say what did; but Two had tho misfortune
to lose some of my front teeth, and words
get out every now and then without my
knowledge"
A MAN in the western part of Pennsy'va.
mia bought his daughter o hand organ as q
present A youngstcr paying her some
attention, hearing her play on il asked her
father how tong she had it. "Only week,
was tho reply. "Well, now, If she don't
play first.ra for the time sbo's had it i
A TEACHER ono day, endeavoring TO make
pupil understand tho nature and appli-
cation of q passive verb, said; "a passive
verb is expressive of the nature OF receiving
an action. as Potter is beaten. Now, what
did Peter do :" swell, don't kaow," said
tho boy, pausing moment, with tho gra~ess
countenanco imaginable, "wi.hout be hol-
ierrd."
The Jeffersonian Democrat. [volume] (Chardon, Ohio) 1854-1865, 1861-03-29
Niagara Suspension Bridge in a Storm,

Those who have been at Niagara du.
ring storm, can testify to the truth Of the
following description
The change in the color Of the water
from the clear and beautiful tints of sum
mer TO the black and muddy turbulence
OF the storm, gave the Falls on appearance
Of terrible fury. The water on the Falls
was two feet higher than ordinary. and
driven onward by the blast, came rushing
10 the precipice with perfect madness.
Your readers who have viSi ed the Falls
will have an idea Of the immense body of
water pouring downwards, when state
that al the (cIryway the water was fifteen
feet higher than the ordinary level, being
on the ninth stair Of the ferry railway,
and over The lower end Of the ioof which
covers the track.
AT the Suspension Bridge. where the
river is much narrower, the same effect
was produced, the water under the bridge
being eight feet higher than usual. Here
tie gale swept along with its utmost fury,
and made Eolian harps of the immense
cables and suspension rods which support
the bridge.
Standing on the centre Of the structure,
the scene was one OF indescrbablc
grandeur. But The bridge moved not, nor
,swayed 10 The storm. All day trains
passed 10 and fro as usual, showing con-
cIusively that no storm is TO mar its iair
proportions.
Tree and cliff and shrub we've cased in
frozen spray, and the crust bore me safely
so thick had it frozen. Not in the topaz
whiIeness OF ordinary winter is this pres.
ent dress Of Niagara, but in dirty brown,
as though thrown from the washing of the
streets. When, after day or two of mild
weather, this shall all drop o #, and later
in the winter the Frost King shall hedecL
the surrounding rocks in snowy white
then will it repay your readers TO journey
hither and behold the scene. which, fol
purity of beauty, has on earth no parallel
The Jeffersonian Democrat. [volume] (Chardon, Ohio) 1854-1865, 1861-03-29
A ScTap of History.

There have been eleven specific at
tempts to defy The authority of the Federal
Government since its formation.
The first was in 1852; and il was a
conspiracy Of some Of the officers OF the
Federal army 10 consolidate the thirteen
States into one, and confer the supreme
power on Washington.
The second was in 1887. and called
"Shay's Insurrection," in Massachusetts,.
The third was in 1894, and popularly
called "The Whiskey lnsurreciion Of
Pennsylvania"
The fourth instance was in 1914, BY
the Hartford Convention of Federalists.
The fifth, on which occasion the differ.
ent sections Of the Union came into col.
lision, was iu lee. under the admins.
tratiou Of President Monroe. and occurred
Oh the question Of the admission of Mis-
souri, into the Union.
The sixth was a collision between the
Legislature Of Georgia and the Federal
Government, in regard 10 certain lands
that were given by the latter 10 the Greek
Indians.
The seventh was in 1890, with the
Cherokees in Georgia.
The eighth was the memorable Multi
flying Ordinance OF South Carolina in
1889.
The ninth was in ls42, and occurred in
Rhode Island between the Suffrage asso-
citation and the State authorities.
The tenth was in 1856, on the part OF
the Mormons, who resisted the Federal
authorities.
And the eleventh is the recent act OF
secession by South Carolina.
The Jeffersonian Democrat. [volume] (Chardon, Ohio) 1854-1865, 1861-03-29
Power Of Endurance and Diet,

Even the experienced trainers Of the
prize ring can not decide what is the best
food for training men up to the create 1t
powers Of endurance. They have a
prejudice in favor OF mutton chops and
underdonc beef-stakes; but 1t is by no
means sure that this is the best. The
Roman soldiers. who conquered the world,
and built roads from Lisbon 10 CONSTANT.
nople. and who are all trained athletes,
marching under weight Of armor and
luggage that few men in our day could
carry, lived on coarse, brown wheat or
barley bread, which they dipped in sour
wine.
In our own day, the Spanish peasants
are among the strongest and most agile
men in the world. He will work all day
in copper mine, or the wine-press, under
a hot sun. and then dance half the night
to tho music Of guitar. What does he
live on A piece Of black bread and an
onion, perhaps half watermelon. You
may see him dipping his piece Of bread
into horn Of olive oil, and then into some
vinegar, made hot with pepper and garlic,
and then he is happy. Sometimes he gets
a drought Of harsh. sour wine. but not
strong. All the strong wine is sent 10
England.
The Smyrna porter walks of with q
load of eight hundred weight. His only
food day after day. is little iruit-a
handful OF dates. few figs. bunch o
grapes. some olives. He eats 10 beef,
pork or mutton. His whole food does
not cost him penny day.
The Coolie, living on his rice, can out
work the negro fed on bacon. The Arab
living on rice ard dates, conquered hal
the world.
The most tremendous muscular force
and the greatest powers of endurance
may be nourished upon very moderate
| diet,