davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Richmond enquirer. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1815-1867, 1861-05-03

honest Dellei 81 my heHlt. | DeiIeFe III 1ou, !
believe in His Providence, l believe in His
direction, and | believe, as Il moral, Christian
man, it is my dnty to do what | can 10 separate
my State from these people at the North, who
urc striving day and night to destroy one Of
Gods irstitutions-,he institution of African
slavery. Let Us luck nj it. How did it get
here? We mr.. told tia. about 1920 there was
Il Storm at sea, and that somewhere oil the
Capes OF Virginia-while the winds howled and
the pillows rolled, when spar after spar had
gone down, hen sail after sail had been retied,
when top.sail and ~stay.sail had been tattercd
and torn away, God, in His providence ard
mercy, &c save a ship trom being eFguiied IN
the ocean, led her into O. safe haven at lamp
ton Roads. Driven by the winds and wav.'
into that havrn, she put out twenty cud savage
Africans. Oar people assembled. Ihey were
amazed. They saw there a simple hearted,
docilc people that might bc elevated to a high
standard Of Christian civilization. Ihty saw
that Ethiopia had stretched out her hands, and
was uttering the Macedonian cry, Come
over and help U.s." Come over and help US.
Virginia responded to that cry, anu IN con5e-
ouence Of her response these twenty odd sa-
wage Africans have grown to be tour millions
VI ~ tiESN utSA y utE"
As Virginia was thus the great pioneer OF
the institution and its great author, "oulo u
not be the rankest cowardicr, the most dis
graceful scene ever acted on the theatre OF the
world, for her, in this hour Of distress and ex-
tremity of that institution which she has I'D
posed on the land, to turn her back upon 1t
and to permit Northern fanatics to ezterml-
nate it from the face Of the Garth l 90 not
believe that God will permit that to be done;
You may talk about National Conventions, and
Border Conferences, and you may SEND your
committees to Washington every other day to
confer with Mr.. Lincoln, and to know when he
is going TO hit us; you may read letters from
Secretary Cameron. ard Colonel Somebody,
and Major Somebody else, each contradicting
the other, to show that they are not going to
remove guns from this city, but all will have
no effect God means, through the instrument
tality Of African slavery, to accomplish His
great purpose of Ch~ristianizing and ciVilizing
Richmond enquirer. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1815-1867, 1861-05-03

GENEIRAL MKT Elm,
ADJCTAST-G ESEsAL'S OFFICE,
ApVIL 20, lSGl.
fT1RO0PS OF CAVALRY not yet ordered Into ~
service viii steadily continue their Drills,
and hold themselves In readiness for orders. It ANSl
Ia not possible 10 say when or where their serri--A
ces may be required; hut when required, the Governor do
sircs that they shall all be ready 10 move instantly.
II having been, and being now, impossible formally to
companies and individuals, ali are respectfully informed
that their tenders will not be overlooked.
BY command.
Sfav 1-c3t WA. Fl. RICHARDSON, r. S
The weekly pioneer and Democrat. [volume] (Saint Paul, Minn. Territory) 1855-1865, 1861-05-03

At the present crisis, the significance of
q term 80 much used, and with so little
accurate sense of its meaning, becomes un-
usually important.
Bouv1ER defines martial law as "a code
established for the government Of the army
and navy of the United States" whose
principal rules are to be found in the article
Of war, prescribed by act of Congress. But
Chancellor KENT says this definition applies
only to military law, while martial law is
quite distinct thing, and is founded on
paramount necessity, AND proclaimed by a
military chief.
Martial law is generally and vaguely held
to be suspension of all ordinary civil rights
and process-and as such, approximate
closely to military despotism.
1t is an arbitrary law, originating IN
emergencies. In times of extreme peril to
the State, either from without or from
within, the public welfare demands extraor-
binary measures. And martial law oelng
proclaimed, signifies that the operations of
the ordinary legal delays of justice is sus-
pended by the military power, which has for
the time become supreme.
1t suspends the operation of the writ OF
habeas corpus; enables persons charged with
treason to be summarily tried by Court
Martial instead of Grand Jury; justifes
searches and seizures of private property,
and. the taking possession of public high
ways and other means of communication.
Involving the highest exercise of sovereign
ty, it is, Of course, capable Of great abuse,
and is only to be justified on emergencies of
the most imperative and perilous nature,
such as now appear to exist in Baltimore
and Washington.
The weekly pioneer and Democrat. [volume] (Saint Paul, Minn. Territory) 1855-1865, 1861-05-03
The Chief Glory OF tho North.

Whatever tributes may be paid hereafter
to the valor and patriotism of the North,
through the successes of its arms, its chief
glory will always be found in the heroic
endurance with which its people have waited
under 1.-The pressure Of wrongs against their
country, unparalleled in the history of civil
ization. For months together, while trea-
son has had full sway over whole section,
and insult has been added to insult, and
crime heaped upon crime, against the Gov
eminent to which the traitorous States
owed equal allegiance with themselves, they
have quietly pursued their peaceful avoca.
lions, tempered their passions within the
bounds of order, and illustrated their patri-
otism by obedience to the laws.
Under outrages so unprovoked, we believe
there has never been exhibited a patience so
sublime. 1t is not strange, that, by those
who did not comprehend Northern charac-
ter, this patience should have been miscon.
strued as pusilanimity. The events of the
past two weeks, however, have demonstra-
ted how false that estimate was. The quick
lightning which bore the demands of the
President upon the patriotism Of the North,
was not quicker than the response of its
people. 1t was met by the instant tender
of hundreds of thousands of lives, and Of
tens of millions of treasure. 1t was as if
the subtle fluid possessed creative force; for
wherever the lightning flashed, there sprang
up troops of armed men.
The issue of conflict in which such
people are engaged, cannot be doubtful.
The enduring spirit is the conqueriDg spirit.
They who can suffer wrong with patience,
are always those who can best redress such
wrong when patience is no longer duty.
The weekly pioneer and Democrat. [volume] (Saint Paul, Minn. Territory) 1855-1865, 1861-05-03
The Old Flag of the Union.

Senator JOHNSON, of Tennessee, conclu-
ded one OF his last speeches in the United
States Senate in the following eloquent
language: II trust in God that the old flag
of the Union will never be struck. l hope
it may long wave, and that we may long
hear the national air sung:
'The star spangled banner, long may it wave.
Der the land of the free and the home OF the
braven'
Long may we hear old Hail Columbia, that
good old national air, played on all our
martial instruments long may we hear,
and never repudiate, the old tune of Yankee
Doodle 4. Long may wave that gallant old
flag which went through the Revolution,
and which was borne by Tennessee and
Kentucky at the battle of New Orleans,
upon that soil near which they are now
denied the right to navigate the Mississippi.
Upon that bloody field the stars and stripes
waved in triumph and, in the language of
another, the Goddess of Liberty lowered
around when the rockets red glare went
forth, indicating that the battle was raging,
and watched the issue and the conflict
grew fierce, and the issue was doubtful; but
when, at length, victory perched upon your
stars and your stripes, it was then on the
plains of New Orleans that the Goddess of
Liberty made her Hottest fight, and pro-
claimed victory in strains of exultation.
Will Tennessee ever desert the grave Of him
who bore it in triumph, or desert the flag
that he waved with success? No; we were
in the Union before some of the seeding
States were spoken into existence and we
intend to remain in, and insist upon-as we
have the confident belief we shall get-all
our constitutional rights and protection in
the Union, and under the Constitution of
the country"
The weekly pioneer and Democrat. [volume] (Saint Paul, Minn. Territory) 1855-1865, 1861-05-03
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT Scott.

When Senator DOUGLAS passed Bellair,
near Wheeling, Virginia, on the Goth inst,
hundreds of Union.loviDg Virginians as
eembled to greet him. After exhorting
them to stand by the flag, he said:
l have been asked whether there was any
truth in the rumOr that General Scott was
about to retire from the American army. 1t is
almost profanity to ask that question. ["Good,
good. !" and cheers for General Scott1 | saw
him only last Saturday. He was at his desk,
pen in hand, writing his orders for the defence
and safety of the American capital. [Cheers.]
Walking down the street met distinguished
gentleman, member of the Virginia Conven.
ton, whom know personally, and had a few
minutes conversation with him. He told me
he had just had an interview with Lieutenant
General Scott; that he was chairman of the
committee appointed by the Virginia Conven-
ton to wait upon General Scott and tender
him the command of the forces of Virginia in
this struggle. General Scott received him kind.
ly, listened to him patiently, and then said to
him. haze served my country under the flag
of the Union for more than fifty gears, and as
long as God permits me to liue ,oiN defend that
flag 10Th my s,cord eren it my o,on natire State
assaiLs it,
The Secessionists have reported through
the South, that General SCorT has resigned
to take command of the Virginia troops,
and the statement has been very generally
credited. The following despatch, sent
South from the capital, on the 10th, will
doubtless relieve any doubts entertained as
to the old hero's position:
WASHINGTON, Saturday, April 20.
Hon. John j. Criitenden:
have not changed. l have not thought of
changing. Always a Union man.
WINFIELD SCOTT,
The weekly pioneer and Democrat. [volume] (Saint Paul, Minn. Territory) 1855-1865, 1861-05-03

TERRIBLE CAsUrLTY-THREE CHILDREN
BURNT TO DEATH.-A most heartrending
casualty occurred about one mile from
Minneapolis, on the Fort Smelling road.
The residence of Patrick Layth took fire
about two o'clock this morning, and was
totally consumed. The family of Mr.. Layth
consisted of eight persons. Two little ones
of the respective ages of seven and nine
years persisted in the flames. A little boy
of five years of age was taken from the
crumbling ruins, bat so badly burnt, that be
lived but few hours, during which his
sufferings we've terrible. Another child is
badly burned, but will recover. Mr.. Layth
in his frantic efforts to save his children was
severely burned.
The weekly pioneer and Democrat. [volume] (Saint Paul, Minn. Territory) 1855-1865, 1861-05-03

SEVERAL parties in Minnesota are about to
try the experiment of raising sheep in that
State, on capital of one thousand sheep
each.
We find the above item "going the
rounds" Raising sheep in Minnesota will
become, in a few years, one of the most
valuable departments of husbandry. We
assure our distant readers that sheep raising
in this State is not an experiment, for it is
already we'll established that our climate
and grasses are most admirably adapted
for sheep. Our farmers well understand this,
and many Of them have taken pains to in
troduce the best stock that can be found in
the country.
The weekly pioneer and Democrat. [volume] (Saint Paul, Minn. Territory) 1855-1865, 1861-05-03
The Law OF Blockade.

The proclamation of the President of the
United States, closing by an efficient block
ade the seaports of the seeded States, calls
our attention at this moment, with peculiar
interest, to the law of blockade as far as
settled by the consent of civilized nations.
A blockade necessarily involves interests
and natural rights of different parties
belligerents and neutrals. To determine
what are the rights of the former and the
duties of the latter, has in modern times
given rise to tolerably well defined rule
for maritime conduct.
A blockade is legitimate measure OF
war, and breach of such blockade by
neutral, subjects his property to con6sca-
ton. This principle is well settled and
acknowledged not only in books on inter-
national law, but recognized in treaties.
A blockade is the decentralization of
place by belligerent force, sufficient to cut
of all foreign connexions or communication,
and to completely intercept the traffic OF
neutrals. A blockade may bepartial, either
on the land or sea side, when the blockade
legally exists only as far as it actually
extends.
A blockade continues, and is supposed
to exist in fact, from the public notification
of it, until said notification is publicly re-
voked.
When public notice Of blockade has
been given, not only the act Of sailing into
the guarded port, but the act of sailing to
it, constitutes an ofense sufficient to sub.
ject the property to confscation, except it
be proved, in admiralty, that the party
coming from distant country were igno-
rant of the notification.
Not only ingress, but egress from, a
blockaded port are equally criminal, with
few exceptions. Ships in the enemies har-
Dor before the blockade, may come away in
ballast, or with cargo shipped before the
blockade begun. A vessel breaking through
the blockade and escaping to sea, is liable
to seizure and confscation till the termina-
ton of her voyage.
1t requires no superior wisdom to see that
the President has struck the gulf States
with q death blow, should he be able to
maintain complete blockade until the in
ternal resources of those States are exhaust.
ed. But should Virginia and North Caro-
lima, claiming to be neutral, use their ports
to indirectly serve the interests OF the block
AIDED States, the present blockade will have
but little efficiency, except an actual block
ade by land completely encircles the seeded
States, so as to interrupt all commerce and
traffic by sea and land. The most complex
and exciting questions will arise from this
subject, should the war continue.
The weekly pioneer and Democrat. [volume] (Saint Paul, Minn. Territory) 1855-1865, 1861-05-03

WORDS OF MAJOR ANDERsoN.-At the
public reception given to Major Anderson
in New York on Tuesday, he was welcomed
by the Mayor, after which the gallant Major
replied as follows:
Mr.. Mayor: 1t cannot be expected of me
"a soldier-to talk as I would like to, and
as feel desire to. I have only to say
that have tried to do my duty, humbly,
truthfully and faithfully, in defending the
American flag. God grant that we may
maintain the honor of that flag, and of the
country. In Him let us trust, and all will
be well.
The weekly pioneer and Democrat. [volume] (Saint Paul, Minn. Territory) 1855-1865, 1861-05-03

The dispatches from several sources tend
to show that the loyal men of Maryland
are recovering from the stupor and fright
occasioned by the madness of the rebels,
and are asserting their rights. 1t is almost
impossible to conceive how State occupy
ing the geographical position that Maryland
does, can long remain in an attitude of
hostility to the government, or that ma
jority of the people, who, we believe, are
unconditional Union men, will allow them
selves to be brow beaten into silence by a
desperate faction.
The weekly pioneer and Democrat. [volume] (Saint Paul, Minn. Territory) 1855-1865, 1861-05-03

The Position OF Mr.. DoUGLAs.-The
editor Of the St. Louis Herald, to make
assurance doubly sure, telegraphed Hon.
Senator Douglas on the 10th this dispatch
Do you indorse Lincoln's war policy? Mis-.
souri, will not.
And received the following response:
WASHINGTON, April II.
To JAMES L. FAUCET: deprecate war, but
if it must come, am with my country and for
my country, under all circumstances, and in
every contingency. Individual policy must be
subordinate to the public safety.
8. A. DOUGLAS.
There is no ambiguity about that.
The weekly pioneer and Democrat. [volume] (Saint Paul, Minn. Territory) 1855-1865, 1861-05-03

ORDERS have been received from the Ma
w Department at Washington, by the
officers of the various United States vessels,
that all persons found sailing under Jefer.
son Davis letters of marque and reprisal be
treated as pirates. That the contumaclous
he Immediately hung from the yard arm,
and the crew and the more penitent officers
he placed in irons, to await their trial as
ocean brigands.
The weekly pioneer and Democrat. [volume] (Saint Paul, Minn. Territory) 1855-1865, 1861-05-03

The NORTH GONG MAD.-The Mobile
Register, noticing the entire unanimity Of
the North in the present crisis, and com.
menting particularly upon the fact that the
policy of the administration is sustained by
Stephen A. Douglas, Ex-Presidents Bu-
chanan and Fillmore, General Cass and
Governor Sprague, of Rhode Island, says
it is forced to the conclusion that the whole
public mind of the north has been suddenly
seized with one of those manias by which
Providence sometimes smites an entire peo-
ple.
The weekly pioneer and Democrat. [volume] (Saint Paul, Minn. Territory) 1855-1865, 1861-05-03

The Brothertown and Stockbridge In
dams, in Fond du Lac and Calumet coun-
ties, are very DESTROYS of doing service for
the country. Captain Hamilton, of Fond
du Lac, is informed that some 200 of these
people are anxious to fight for the Union.
The weekly pioneer and Democrat. [volume] (Saint Paul, Minn. Territory) 1855-1865, 1861-05-03

The senior editor of the Hartford (Conn. J
Press, Mr.. Joseph H. Hawley, has gone to
support with his sword the cause he has de-
Tended with his pen. He gives his services
in the capacity of first lieutenant Of rife
company A, first Connecticut regiment.
The weekly pioneer and Democrat. [volume] (Saint Paul, Minn. Territory) 1855-1865, 1861-05-03

ALBANY, April %.
It is understood that John A. Dix will
be appointed Major General of the New
York forces.
The weekly pioneer and Democrat. [volume] (Saint Paul, Minn. Territory) 1855-1865, 1861-05-03

- New York city, in every ward Of
of which President LINCOLN was in mi
nority last fall, has nobly responded to the
call of THE PRESIDENT. Up to Tuesday
evening last, the following resimenta had
taken their departure for Washington, rails
Cincinnati daily press. [volume] (Cincinnati [Ohio]) 1860-1862, 1861-10-12
ARMY BUDGET.

THE EMPLOYMENT OF FOREIGNERS IN THE
MILITARY SERVICE.
The policy of the Government in regard
to employing foreigners in the military ser.
vice is as follows, the statement being made
upon good authority:
FiIst-No one has been authorized to enlist
or raise troops in Canada, as has been af-
FEC ed to be understood there.
Second-No commissions have been Of
fered, or other overtures made to military
men in France, or other European States, as
has been assumed there.
Third-The Government has not rendered
the command of the army tosGeneral Carl
bsldi, as has been represented in Europe.
What is true Is:
First-That every foreigner who has come
with a good character and credentials and
offered his services to the Government for
the support of the Union, has been accepted
and no other is in the military employment
of the United States.
Second General Garibaldi being a natur-
allied citizen, it was reported to the Govern
ment, by one of our Consuls, that the Gen
eral was contemplating visit to this country
and that he had intimated, cOnditionaly, a
disposition to engage in the service Of the
United States. He was informed that if this
was so his services would be accepted with
pleasure, and he would receive a com mission
as Major. General, being the same rank
which was conferred on General Lafayette
in the army in the Revolution. General
Garibaldi, upon consideration of the subject,
has concluded not to offer his services at
present, but thinks he may, by-and-by, re-
visit the United States.
CHALLENGING THE GUARD.
The other night son of Erin, a new re-
cruit in Colonel Wilson's regiment, was put
upon guard, and the Sergeant in making the
usual rounds was challenged by him. "Who
comes there?" "The Sergeant" "Come
hither, Sergeant and give the counterfeit"
was the imperative demand OF the sentinel.
Two important accessions have been made
to the rebel navy at Mobile, in the shape of a
couple Of row-boats. They are each thirty
seven feet long, nine feet beam, and three
and half feet depth Of hold. They carry
twenty oarsmen and four officers, and are
armed with a howitzer and twenty.four
muskets.
Three prize vessels arrived in Baltimore
| Sunday, captured in the PoooInoke Sound,
| two of which were laden with sweet pota-
toes, and the third having just LETT Virginia
waters, whittier she had taken cargo OF
| grain.
A member Of one of the Indiana regiments,
writing from Kentucky, says;
While passing through Elizabethtown an
| incident occurred which serves to show the
state of feeling there prior to the advent Of
our forces An old negro woman was heard
shouting; "De Lor breff us, whar all dees men
from? Shoah as God, dey's come jes to
show dey wasn't 'fraid to come. God BRET
dar souls, isn't 'fraid to holler for de Union
nowW
Hon. Robert Dale Owen yesterday made 9
heavy purchase of oyercoats for the Nine
teenth and Twentieth Regiments, and hai
been ordered to purchase still larger lot
The Governor is determined tha! our troop
Cincinnati daily press. [volume] (Cincinnati [Ohio]) 1860-1862, 1861-10-12
The ProsnecI nI NYnshinrton.

1t seems to be thought by some that there
is a prospect of intensely exciting news
shortly to be received from Washington. We
confess that this prospect has been so often
announced that it does not produce the effect
which it was wont to do on former occasions.
1t is orthodox, undoubtedly, to believe every
report of something to be done; but the faith
with which reports are accepted, such is
human in6rmity, will grow weak in propor-
ton to the number of times it has been dis
appointed.
We have a very splendid collection of
troops of all arms in front Of Washington.
This, however estimates may vary as to its
numbers, may safely be set down as incon-
trovertible. Its presence, with the present
stage of water in the Potomac, is sufficient
to put the safety of the Capital beyond per-
adventure. 1t is also making advances into
Virginia, as fast as the enemy falls back,
which is safe way of acquiring territory,
and conducive to the improvement of its
officers in geographical knowledge, the i'm
portance of which is too obvious to be denied.
That it is the intention of the Government
and the commanding officers to try to do
something in the way of fighting with the
Army of the Potomac, it is safe to infer, from
the fact that they have been to considerable
expense and labor in raising, organizing,
arming and subsisting it; and we are afraid
that this is the only fact that testifies very
strongly of battles to be waged and victories
to be won by it. We are obliged to admit
that the question, when operations are to
begin, is one of time only; but the question
of time assumes Importance, when the direct
cost of the army is in the neighborhood of a
million of dollars a day, and when every
day that the contest is protracted is several
millions in loss, cost and suffering to the
people of the country.
1t may be, as some suppose, that the time
is fast approaching when the Army of the
Potomac will throw off its sluggishness, and
leap at once into a state of intense and
violent activity. Heaven grant it that such
be the case as soon as convenient.