Vermont phÅ“nix. [volume] (Brattleboro, Vt.) 1834-1955, 1861-06-20

burnt all his witches, and prosecuted all his OPP
ponents to the death, he invcn ed abolitionism
as the sole resource left to him for the gratf-
cation OF his tavorite passion. Next to this
motive principle is his desire to make money
dishonesty, trickily, mcanly, and shabbily. He
has acted on it in all his relations with the South,
and has cheated and pundered her in all his
dealings by villainOus tariffs. If one objects
that the South must have been party to this,
because her boast is that her statesmen have
ruled the Government of the country, you are
told that the South yielded out of pure good
nature. Now, however, she will have free trade,
and will open the coasting trade to foreign ma
tons, and shat from it the hated Yankees who
so long monopolized and made their fortunes
by it, Under all the varied burdens and mise
rcs to which she was subjected, the South held
fast to her shcet-anchor. South Carolina was
the mooring ground in which it found the slr-
est hold. The doctrine Of State Rights was her
salvation, and the iercer the storm ragged against
her--the more stoutly demagogy immigrant
preponderance, and the blast of universal suf-
irage bore down on her, threatening to sweep
away the vested interests of the South in her
right to govern the States-the greater was her
confidence and the more resolutely she held on
her cable. The North attracted "hordes of ig-
norant Germans and Irish," and the scum of
Europe, while the South repelled them The
industry, the capital of the North increased with
fearful rapiditv, under the influence of cheap
labor and manufacturing ingenuity and enter
prise. in the villages which swelled into towns,
and the towns which became cities, under the
nnenyious eye Of the South. She, ON the con-
trary. toiled on slowly, clearing forests and
draining swamps to find new cotton grounds
and rce-felds. for the employment of her only
industry and for the development of her only
49, 1,l, hot L., ,,,f,
migration waXcd stronger, and by degrees she
saw the districts into which she claimed the
right to Introduce that capital closed against
her, and occupied by free labor. The doctrine
of squatter Sovereignty" and the force of hos
tile tariffs, which placed a heavy duty on the
very articles which the South most required,
completed the measure of injuries to which she
was subjected, and the spirit OF discomfort found
vent in fiery debate, in personal insults and in
acrimonious speaking and writing, which in
creased in intensity in proportion as the Aboli-
ton movement, and the contest between the
Federal principle and State Rights, became
more vehement. | am desirous of showing in
a few words, for the information of English
readers, how it is that the Confederacy which
Europe knew simply as a political entity has
succeeded in dividing itself. The slave States
held the doctrine or say they did, that each
but that for certain purposes they chose COM
mon agent to deal with foreign nations, and to
impose taxes for the purpose Of paying the eX-
penses of the agency. We, it appears, talked
of American citizens of the Sovereign State o.
South Carolina, or of Georgia or Florida, who
permitted themselves to pass under that desig
nation, but it was merely as a matter of person
al convenience. 1t will be difficult for Euro
peans to understand this doctrine, as nothing
like it has been heard before, and no such Con
federation of sovereign States has ever existed
in any country in the world The Northern
men deny that it existed here, and claim for thC
Federal Government powers not compatible
with such assumptions. They have lived fo
the Union, they served it, they labored for ant
made money by it. A MAJ as New York MAJ
was nothing-as an American citizen he was
great deal. A South Caroinian objected to los,
his identity in any description which include,
him and "Yankee clockmI!;er' in the SAINT
category. The Union was against him he re
membered that he came from a race Of Engisi
gentlemen who had been prosecuted by the rep
rcsentatives-for he will not call them the an
cestors-of the Puritans of New England, ant
he thought that they were animated by the sam
hostility to himself He was proud Of ol,
names, and oe felt pleasure in tracing his con
nection with old families in the old country
His plantation was held by old charters, or has
been in the hands of his fathers for several gen
erations; and he delighted to remember tha
when the Stuarts were ban,shed from thei
throne and their country, the burgesses of Sout
Carolina had solcmnly elected the. wandering
Charles King of their State, and had ohere
him an asylum and kingdom. The philosoph
ical historian may exercise his ingenuity in con
iecturing what would have been the result
the fugitive had carried his fortunes to Charles
ton.
South Carolina contains "a 900 square mil
and a population of 100000 inhabitants,
whom $4,000 are black slaves. In the old IT
bcllion il was distracted between revoutionar
principles and the loyalist predictions, and {
least one-half Of the planters were faithful t
George ILL.,, nor did they yield till Washingto
sent an army to support their antagonists, an
drove them from the colony
In my next letter shall give brief accoul
of Il visit to some of the planters, as far as
, can be made consistent with the obligation
! which the rites and rights of hospitality impo'
, on the guest as well as upon the host. The,
gentlemen are well-bred, courteous and hosp
e table. A genuine arstocracy, they have tim
4 to cultivate their minds, to apply themselves
S politics and the guidance Of public affairs The
v travel and read love field sports, racing, shoe
u ing, hunting and fishing, are bold horsemen, an
e good shots. But, after ALL their State is mo,
i ern SPARTAN aristocraoy resting on a helotr
n and with nothing else to rest upon. Althoug
they profess land believe, indeed sincerely
c hold opinions in opposition to the opening
e the slave trade, it is nevertheless true that Il
c clause in the Constitution of the Confedera
$ States which prohibited the importation of II
= groes was especially and energetcally resist
c by them because, as they say, it seemed to
;, ap admission that slavery was in itself an e'
e and wrong. Their whole system rests
IS slavery, and as such they defend it. They Z
" tertain very exaggerated ideas of the militia
l. strength of their little community, although o
If may do full justice to its military spirit o
,, of their whole population they cannot reck
If more than 10000 adult men by any arhmet
ii and as there are nearly 80, 600 plantations viii
l. must be- according to law, superintended
If white men, a considerable number of the
! adults cannot be spared from the State for st
,r vice in the open field. The planters boast Il
r they can raise their crops without any inconyC
ience by the labor of their negroes, and III
Df seem confident that the negroes will work vii
G, out superintendent. But the experiment
p rather dangerous, and it will only be tried
r the last extremity,
s. SAVANNAH, Ga. May |, 1861.
nj 1t is sail that fools build houses for "
rs men to live in" BE that true or not, it is C.
nj tain that "Unclc Sam" has built strong pla
~ for his enemies to occupy. To-day visit
II Fort Pulaski, which defends the mouth of
L. Al L a