The Evansville daily journal. [volume] (Evansville, Ia. [i.e. Ind.]) 1848-1862, 1861-02-21
jackson and NuIlihcAtion la
S32-s33.

Is32-'33.
Mr.. James Parton, OF New York, the able
biographer of Aaron Burr, whose memory
he cleared from many of the unjust impu-
tations which had long blackened it, has
lately completed his " Life of Andrew Jack
son, in three volumes octave. We shall
soon notice this work tn crtenso, consider
ing it, with some faults, not only as one of
the best political biographies, but also as an
excellent, and generally impartial history of
Jackson's Times, as well as of his Life.
Jackson's most memorable and most
credltable political action was in 1925
when, as President, he grappled with the
Notification treason of South Carolina, and
crushed it, by the force of his iron will
Notification of that day was the parent of
Secession in this, and many of our readers
will thank us, we know, for giving its clear
history. 1t has been faithfully condemned,
from Mr.. Parton's very interesting details,
by an able writer in the London Critic, and
is curious, per Sc, as showing how thorough
ly an English pen has traced the record of
an important event in the history of the
United States
The war of 1912 left the manufacturers
| of the United States Just as the peace of
1915 left the English agriculturists-zeal
Gus proteetionists. The contest with Eng
land had burdened the States with a heavy
! debt; and, by cutting off the supply of
manufactured articles from Europe, had call
| ed into existence a number of small manu-
/ facturers. To pay the interest of the debt,
| and occasional instalments of the principal,
a larger revenue was required than had ever
before been collected in the United States !;
and the new manufacturing interest asked
that the duties should be so regulated as to
afford some part of that complete protection
which the war had given it. The demand
was granted without opposition. The pro-
ducing South, ignorant or deluded, apprev-
ed of the claims of the manufacturing
| North and in 18l5-16 one of the most
Jealous advocates of these was the future
leader of the notification movement John
@. Calhoun, then the member for South Car
olina in the Federal House of Representa-
tives.
But as time wore on-as, with its cheer
ful reception of free labor in the shape of
immigration, and the natural expansion OF
its industrious and enterprising population,
the North prospered more and more-the
| South gradually declined and retrograded,
partly under the pressure of protection,
partly under that of the system of slavery.
At last the South raised the cry of free trade,
and resolved to ascribe all its sufferngs to
protection. The Protectionist Calhoun of
1915 became the Jealous free trader of 1882
With an ample revenue, raised for a con-
siderable period of years, the Federal debt
was nearly paid off, and the income of the
United States was double the amount of its
expenditure. The South clammored for 6
reduction of the protective duties on foreign
manufactures, levied for the advantage o.
the North on the imports of its own Euro
pean customers and when Congress hesita-
! ted, it unfurled the banner of notification
Among the advocates of nulli6catlor
there was an extreme and moderate party
The moderates maintained that any single
State might nullify-or render of no effec
: any act of Congress which it decided un-
constitutional, but that everything elst
: might 60 on as before the nullifying Stat
merely refusing obedience to one objection
able act, and waiting patiently for Congress
to repeal it.
D Very different was the language held by
. the more fiery spirits of the party. Null
fication, with them, meant that any Stat
might secede from the Union whenever i
liked; and, for the first time in the history
I of the Republic, was heard the omnou
term " secession"
To the demand of the Nullifers the onl,