Wilmington journal. [volume] (Wilmington, N.C.) 1844-1895, 1861-11-28

have allowed me no time to condense and rewrife hnt
Such as II 49, have copied 1t from my short hand notes.
and otter 1t to you to make such OF as you NAV see
Tito publish the whole any part or even to write
yourselves, if you have the time. My object is to call
the attention of people to the subject of the mgu
rites contained in the freshly manufactured article and
30 by timely word to prevent loss, which may be
not only inconvenient, but at this time almost fatal
DANIEL MoRRELLE.
i Common Salt.
The sources OF common salt are first, The water of
the ocean secondly brine or saltsprings; thirdly,
bodies IN certain Geological formations known as rock
salt The latter is in instance so pure that it re-
qulres Only to be crushed to get it for USE This case
occurs Crac0w n Poland. In all other cases. the
rOcksat contains the impurities as brine and the
water of the ocean, 10 purify it, it is dissolved and
| treated in the same manner those waters.
\ The Impurities which may be present 10 this solution
are hst nsoube earthly matter secondy the carbonate
OF lime and iron held in solution by of carbonic
acid thirdly, The sui hae of lime fourthly the sui
Phate of soda filthy the chordes of calcium and mag
nesium, of which the latter are the most abundant.
The first are separated either by flterpg or decan
ing, and with them large portion of the carbonates
Will be found IN consequence of the acid gases. The
salt is separated frem the other impurities by taking
advantage of the different degree of soubilty of it and
them 1 he excess of water is in all separated by
evaporation, and further evaporation the different
substances will be deposited in the inverse order of their
sOubility
}, OF these substances sui phae Of lime is less soluble
than common salt, the other three much more soluble
but it happens that the sulphate of soda always
unites with the suIphate of lime to form double sui
plate Of small solublity. Ibis double suphate will
therefore be first deposited while the earthly murates
will remain in solution after by far the greater part of
the common salt has been deposited. The evaporation
employed may be either spontaneous or artificial.
Salt is Often obtained spontaneously from the water
of the in shallow basins, into which the water
enters Onl at the highest tides The double guphae
is deposited in the bottom of the basin the salt s
raked out and the earthly muriaes removed by the
next influx of sea-water. Such natural salt-pans are
found in the Cape de Verde islands, in Turksisand,
and at Key-West
Artificial saltpaus may also be formed by embanking
salt meadow, or marsh, and forming within the embark
ment series of canals and basins, by passing through
which, evaporation is rendered rapid until it is
enclosed 10 small shallow basins which the evapora
tion is completed. The double sulphate deposited
before the earthly murates got rid of by drawing
off the remaining liquid, called bttern, Iow-water
The salt thus obtained is distinct cubic chrysals of
ten from eighth to quarter OF inch in length
1t is considered to be better suited the preservation
of meat than that the grains of which finer. The
only for this is that the less btern adheres to its
O surface.
The purest form of salt employed for this purpose is
that prepared in Holland in which the salt OF Spair
" and Portugal (Bay sat is dissolved n seawaer anC
" again chrystazcd. Salt be made adyantageously
10 in this way only in climates, and at times Wher
. spontaneous evaporation must be aided by artificial
If means In the salt works in New York, the kind
f. evaporation, which they call solar, is performed il
wooden tanks, each OF which is furnished with sliding
cover The objection to this the large extent Of grour
that required. Ia Europe three plans employed
10 ali of which have the advantage of occupying mite
At space. In the first of these great number OF tagot
of thorny shrub are piled in frame building, protect
ed by root but open at the SIDES The water Is ad
mitted in fine upon the upper part of the pie
At and in trckng the surface of the twgs rapid
n. evaporated.
il In the second method a number of slightly nclne
h tables are placed in lofty building their inclination
,, being alternately in opposite directions.
In the third method ropes stretched between tw
n troughs one of which is placed Immediately above tn
e. other. The liquid oveffows in the upper trough an
trickes over the ropes The advantage of these tire
10 methods so nearly balanced, that the choice between
3f them will depend upon local circumstances The meth
cd of ropes usually employed in another In thi
saturated boiling solution is introduced into the uppe
trough, and will form copous deposlte OF chrysaI
s. upon the ropes.
~ An intermediate method between spontaneous an
artificial evaporation is employed in the moist climate
ct of England and Holland 10 obtain salt th
of LIQUID is articiay heated but not permitted to
n a temperature of more than 1902.
P When the evaporation is performed by boiling tn
al salt is obtained in fine granstbe double suphate de
postes upon the kettles the btern may be left ate
tic removing the salt In many cases however, the evapt
IN ration continued to dryness. In this case the salt
Impure as 10 nave uISaS ldStc
ceLerote putrefact1on and in all portion OF th
bttern adberes to the surface of the chrystas of salt
The separation Of the bittern may often be effected spor
On taneousy The earthly muriates dequescent the
tod will therefore attract moisture from the amospber
which will finally drain OF and carry them with It.
~ =; The table salt, made in France from water,
evaporated to dryness-t is then packed in baskets
these are suspended the boilers in which the eva
Grafton is going where they become rapidly charge
with condensed vapor After the baskets have drane
@ until they become dry, the salt is nearly pure III
rapid separation OF the bttern may be effected by p
let cling the salt in bins with inclined bottoms. Boiling
let ter weighing one thousandth part of the weight of Il
SALT is then poured upon it. This is sufficient to dl
solve the WDoe Oh Tue oiIeFu, anu oIas 0u NY 'ne
Id clined bottom.
nts
or ssixure cf by Gov. Brown
pa The Miedgevie (Ga Federal Union, OF Nov. 2h, CO
tains the following proclamation om his Excelency, Il
teI Governor OF the State: - . - -
ION EXECUTIVE DEPARTMENT.
ca MnLEDGEyILLE, GA New. Is, 1861. I