The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1861-02-18
French Policy I'm Italy.

Monarchacai institutions brought face 10 flce1p
iicon insitiens, the latter as utterly aae bear The r
asd eSuT Of political crisis or Of revolutionary force
French Policy I'm Italy.
rFrom the Journal des Debats, Feb. IL
The manifesto published by the Emperor open a
the campaign OF 1882 said. Itay must be free from Il
trely carried out The Emperor himself, at St. Clou
expressed his regret on that account and admitted this
many generous hopes had been disappointed Yet it
not in vain that the pros blood Of France flowed tn
battle lelds Of Mari2 Magenta and Solferno II the
did not ftee Italy from tho Alps to the Adriatc it
theess ected great resultgreater, perhaps than wa
believed France restored Italy self consciousness a.
freedom Of movement 1t burst the bonds that held lac
captive and bace her rise and walk Such rs the way
which the programme OF 1859 has been carried out fun
ner 'ban is thought II the war has not liberated til
whole of Italy IN direct way, II has put her into
dton for iberatn2 herself and in the month of March
$780, the Emperor could say in his message "Itay Is
the eve OF freely o,nstituting herself"
The programme OF villafranca was quite different.
project OF Italian confederation of which the Pop
was to have tho honorary Presidency, and into whc
yeneta TO enter This project at that period nigh
appear specous enough In the opinion Of many person
Italian unity was chrnera the Italians were still enjoy
ing that ancient reputation according to which they
only tit for deyonrng one another and in virtue OF theb
history they not deemed capable of anything Blu
forming collection OF petty naonalities, each Of which
required foreign protector Italy has preferred bein
great nation; she has triumphed her reputation
her Aistery, forgotten her old divisions sacrificed
her dearest historical traditions, and the particular
tionates have preferred ADVOCATING freely into th
pndence, which made them the prey Of every foreig
intervention.
Since that time, it is the unity which has become
reality, and il Is the federation that has become
chimera This federation we believed impossioli9
when II was proposed; II is sufficient to say what vi
think OF 1t now. Yesterday 1t had reason against IT, TO
gay it has against IL both reason and events.
An Italian confederation would be at contrary u
the interests OF Italy and those of France confedera
ton 70 which Austria would have free ent through
the means of Veneta under the hybrid form Of Aus
troltaan State and in which it would be sure, through
its aaxces of having the preponderance, would create
for italy state Of things ten times than she
IN before the war For II, before the war, Austria was
paramount at nearly ali the Italian courts that
merely through famiaances or in virtue of those trea
ties Of 1876 which France obliged to submit to, bu'
also through private treaties secret 10 which Eu
rope had given no legal sanction. In federation
TONED by treaties by public European right, she wcb
have BEEN she would be, the fatally preponderant pow
Of Italy. She would enter IL not only with her
strength and forgcsses also with the powers which
the princes her allies her vassas, her satellites almost
her subjects would hasten to place in her hands. &
that Piedmont which before the alone but free
would be after the victory annexed to Austrian diet
and swamred in foreign majority.
The same reasons that valid for Italy good
France In the present state Of things Chen Austria.
oreign Power, wishes to NEEDLE with Italian affairs
France has the rehtof opposing IT, or at all events
Austria, an Italian Power, to cause such
olicy to prevail in an assembly recognized ,.
frances right Where would be her remedy
And such would be all that Piedmont and France
would have gained by the war-Pedmont to find
Germsno Italian Diet and France to have confronting
her new Gcrmanc confederation under the honorary
cy of his apostolic Majesty 1t is only needful TO put tina
question to obtain its solution.
IT, then, this project of confederation thought Of
elsewhere would not be France that would have to BIS
charged with its realization, but Austria And, in fact
quietly plans set forth, the tendency Of which
would be nothing less than to make Austria nsru
ment Of general restoration in Italy.
The plan is simple. IL is still agreed upon that tins
Italians will be sure to ruin themselves by thor OWE
faults They have done nothing that way it is true but
the idea deeply rooted in many minds from which can
be extrrated On this hypothesis Austria being
provoked return with all her forces into italy takes
touch Lombardy which she has coded to France.
and which preserved by the treaty Of Zurich But she
goes beyond; she establishes the Grand Dukes at
Statee and King Francs H. at Naples them at the close
OF this brilliant campaign there is brought up on tho
green table o. songress tine project o.
collecting herself: Russia said, France mounts guard
for Iombardy which is pledge for the cesson OF Nie'
and Savoy and quietly regards Austria manipulating thu
rest Of Italy First ALL there Is In this hypothesis
TO fact The cesou Of Nice and Savoy France
not compensation for the cesson Of Lombardy 70
Piedmont II was not by reason of the annexation of
Lombard but Of that OF Central Italy to Peiamont,
that the Emperor demanded re establishment OF the
equilibrium Of the frontiers The Emperor said in his
message last year the LIST Of Marchn the presence
Of this transformation Of Northern Italy which gives 10
powerful state all the passes OF the Alps II my
duty for the safety Of frontiers the French
slopes Of the mountains aud, in the explanations
changed on this head between the governments Of France
and Fl gland ~ Thouvenc said to Lord Cowley cit
possible that France aud Sardinia had contemplated be-
fore the as the consequences Of certain eventuacs.
the cesson Of Savoy and Nice to France but that thoso
evebtuses had not occurred at the conclusion Of the
He added that enlarged alone by Lomb ardy and
member Of an Italian confederation, SARDINIA not
powerful CROUCH make France uneasy but that since
then every hrg bud changed it's aspect and that Eng
land her self encouraged the annexation of Central Italy
to sardinia this annexation compelled France to recty
her frontiers
If, then, people wsh to talk about pledge guarantee,
md mny u i not as compensation for Iombsrdy, but
as curoary 10 the annexation OF Tuscany and the 70
msgnss, that Nice and Savoy were ceded to France.
But this Is reducing grand question OF general policy
10 miserable proportions To imagine that France Is
going AUSTRIA do ali she likes in Italy, the simple
conoon Of respecting Iombardy Is the same ing o. 70
say that ranee wsged the war o 1852 Tor the Paonc
satisfaction OF gratifying Sardinia with new province.
what France has carried that great war; caused
the death OF thousands Of men and sncd her best bood
has trent hundreds Of Millions alarmed Europe, and con
jured up the spectre Of coalitions merely for the sake o.
puosng the eaf Of the archoke for the house OF savoy
Ne-lherc were other results, o'ner IDEAS osnes
already said u, that was revolution not
only in ltalys condition, but also N Europe,s.
10 Withdraw Italy from the exclusive domination OF
Austria In Tuscany, NJ Parma, Modena, Bologna, Romes
Naples, everywhere exsep. ~ auf'n' austria was M
The war Of 1859 was made 10 hberate Italy; II FOR
these reasons of general policy, aud not even for the
made the Italian campaign The equilibrium OF Europs,
that equilibrium 90 much talked Of vitated by the
exclusive prepordcrarce OF Austria In Italy; the late
war restored the balance, aud in this sense II was
IL delivering the Peninsula from foreign DONNA
ton France did not wish to substitute another in
Its place. she does not wish Italy to remain an
Austrian province but che does not demand that
Italy should become French province Let Ray be
Italian, that is all we require. But the work
which France has nsugufated and italy is &C
cmplshlng under her protection this work would be de-
stroJed Austria were permitted TO realize herself tue
programme " Niafranca For the confederation ccult
not DC now established unless by the intervention OF Aus
tfa y g not France who will go and geek the Grand
Dukes - Vienna for replacing them their thrones 70
I aot France who will send army Of occupation nte
the Komsglas ~ reesabEsh there form Of governmcr'
and legislation that have for fallen s not Francs
who viii conduct back the King Francis II. TO Naples
lba confederation would row be merely 90 Austrian
stcfaion e1ecsd against France, and which wouio
IN than aha bet).C