Vermont phÅ“nix. [volume] (Brattleboro, Vt.) 1834-1955, 1861-12-26
wn1oHrs AND MEASURES
OF VARIOUS FARM PRODUCTS AND OTHER
THINGS IN VARIOUS COUNTRIES.

el which contains 2l50.42 cubic inches. There
since 1912. the legal measure is called the i'm
neriol bushel. which contains 22lS cubic inches,
90 that 80 of their bushels are equal TO about
3S of ours
The following nre the commercial weights Of
bushel of different articles, viz ;-Wheat
heons. potatoes and clover seed, 60 pounds
Corn. rye. flax -seed and onions, SO pounds
Corn in the cob weighs 20 pounds buckwheat
80. barley 48, hemp-seed III, Timothy seed As,
castor beans 46, oats 35, bran 20, blue grass
seed H. salt 80 according to one account, but
Onondaga salt is SO, (the real weight of coarse
salt is SIS pounds to the bushel,) dried apples
"a. dried apples "a, dried peaches 33, accord
ing to statement lately published in numer-
Gus papers, but according to our experience
both are wrong. We have seen thousands Of
bushels sold at % pounds to the bushel, which
will measure about pecks.
Hedping Observation-Disclosures, turnips and
esculent roots apples and other fruits, meal,
bran, and in some states oats, are sold by
heaping measure, which contains 2,Sl5 cubic
inches.
Barrel Medsue.-Rice 600 pounds, -four 1876
pounds, powder 25 pounds cider and other Ii
quors 80 gallons, corn bushels shelled. By
this latter measure crops are estimated, and
corn bought and sold throughout most of the
southern and western states. At New Orleans
q barrel of corn is -four barrel full of ears
In some parts of the west it is customary to
count hundred ears to a bushel.
Ton Weight and Ton MeaSTe.-A ton Of
hay or any coarse bulky article usually sold by
that measure, is twenty gross hundred, that is
2,240 pounds, though in many places that rid-
culous old custom is being done away WITH and
2OO0 pounds only counted a ton.
A ton of timber, if round, contains 40 cubic
feet if square % feet A tun of wine is 252
gallons.
A quarter of corn is fourth of a ton, or s
imperial bushels. This is an English measure,
not in use in this country, though very neoes-
sary to be known so as to understand agricul-
tural reports.
Troy and ArerdupoiS WigM-One hundred
and forty four pounds averdupois are equal to
175 pounds Troy-l75 ounces Troy are equal
TO 1872 ounces avordupois. All precious metals
are bought and sold by Troy weight
The kilogramme of France is 100 grammes,
and equal to 2pounds ounces, grains avor-
dupois.
A chaldron of coal is 5Ss cubic feet, general
ally estimated SO bushels A bushel of an
thracite coal weighs so pounds, which makes
the weight of chaldron $3.50.
Weights Of cubic Ioot.--Of sand or lnosc
earth 9j pounds, compact soil 1874, strong or
clay soil 1877, pure clay 1856, mixture of stones
and clay 160, masonry of stone 205, brick 1875,
cast iron $50, steel 4S9. copper 4S6, lead 700,
silver 6j4 gold ,203, platina ,21S, glass $50,
water GO, tallow 80, cork 10, oak timber 10,
mahogany &C, air .0753. In the above fractions
are disregarded
A bale of cotton in Egypt is 80 pounds in
America commercial bale is 900 pounds, but
is put up in different states varying from $50 to
100 pounds Sea Island cotton is put up in
sacks of 800 pounds.
A bale of hay is 800 pounds
A cord of wood is 1913 solid feet, usually put
up s feet long, wide and high.
A perch of stone is % cubic feet piled, or 90
in the wall.
Lime and sand TO perch of stone-three
pecks of lime, and two-thrds of a one-horse
cart-load of sand
Weight Of Lime.-A bushel of limestone
weighs l42 pounds; after it is burned, if weigh
ed directly from the kiln, IS pounds, showing
that 67 pounds Of carbonic acid and water have
been driven off by fire. This bushel of lime
will absorb 20 pounds of water, gradually ap-
piled during several days, and will then be in
state of dry powder. weighing 90 pounds,
showing that IS pounds of water have been
converted into solid dry substance.
10 measure a ton Of Hay.-One hundred Gu
Tic feet of hay ina solid NOW or stack will
weigh ton.
Compute Weight Of cattle by MeaSme.-As-
certain the girth back of the shoulders, and the
length along the back, from the square of the
bullock to point even with the point of the
shoulder-blade; say the girth is feet inches
and the length feet inches, which multiph-
ed together, gives 81 feet. Multiply this by
%, the number of pounds allowed TO the foot,
between 3 and feet girth, and the result is
7l3 pounds, for the number of pounds of beef
in the four quarters. Girths, from to 8 feet.
allow 81 pou Ids to the foot. Cattle must be
fat and square built to hold out weight.
To Measure Grain IN Bins, multiply the
length and width together, and that product by
the height in cubic inches and divide by 2,150,
and you have the number of bushels.
To Measure Corn IN the Ear, find the cubic
inches as above, and divide by 2,S15, the cubic
inches in heaped bushe and take two-thrds
of the quotient for the number Of bushels OF
shelled corn. This is upon the rule of giving
three heaping half-bushels of ears to make
bushel of grain. Some tails short and some
overruns this measure.
Board Medsue-Boards are sold by face
measure. Multiply the width in inches bv any
number of pieces of equal length, by the inches
of the length Divide by IN, and quotient is
the number Of feet, for any thickness under an
inch Every fourth inch increase of thickness
adds fourth to the number of feet in the face
measure.
Land MeaSme.--Every farmer should have
rod measure, light stiff pole, just 16 l.2 feet
long, for measuring land. By little practice
he can learn to step just rod at five steps,
which will answer very well for ordinary farm
work. Ascertain the number of rods in width
and length of any lot you wish to measure, and
multiply one into the other and divide by 100,
and you have the number of acres, as 100
square rods make square acre. II you wish
to lay off one rcre square, measure l3 rods up
on each side. This lacks one rod of being full
measure.
Government Land Measwe.-A township is
six miles square, and contains SO sections, 49,
040 acres. A section, ore mile square, $40.
A quarter section, half a mile square, 100 acres.
AS this is l66 rods square, strip one rod wide,
or every rod in width, is an acre. A halEquar-
ter section is half mile long, north and south,
almost universally, and fourth of mile wide,
81 acres. quarer-quarter section is one
fourth OF mile square, 40 acres, and is the
smallest sized tract, except fractions, ever sold
by the government The price is 81 ,25 per
acre.
Measure Of a Mae.-Our Measure of dist
ance is by the standard English mile. which is
$3.50 feet in length, or 1850 Yards. OF 800
rods.
An English geographical mile is equal to .O5O
yards.