The weekly Butte record., 1861-08-10
Military Terms.

Adraneed Guard - The detachment of
troops which precedes the main body of an
army or division.
Base Of Operations. line Of country or
fortresses occupied by troops from which mill
tary operations advance, from which munitions
of war are supplied and to which retreat can
be made in case of necessity
Battalion.--A body of infantry of from two
to ten companies. In most regiments of the
line, battalion and regiment are synonymous
but regiment may consist of several battal-
ions.
Brigade. or more battalions or regi
ments of infantry, united for combined service
under one officer. A brigade of cavalry con-
sists of two or more regiments. Artillery IS
also brigaded, brigade consists usually of six
pieces. A brigade Of sappers consists of eight
men.
Canteen.-The soldiers drinking vessel.
Coiumn.-A body or formation of troops.
consisting of one battalion or more, drawn up
with the several divisions behind one another
so as to present an open 'front.' 1t is said to
be close or open column, according to the
breadths of the intervals between the compa-
nies or battalions of which it is composed.
Comm issariat. = The department who is
charged with supplying the army with provi-
sions, tents, transports, &c.
Communication LINE of) = The line of
country, subdued or friendly, by means of
which an army in the field receives its supplies,
and keeps up communication with its base of
operations.
Coup de Mam.-An instantaneous and Wig
orous attack, undertaken with the view of
capturing position.
Echelon.-The position of an army or body
of troops in the form of the steps of a ladder,
with one division more advanced than the other,
so as to support or replace those in 'front.'
Troops are said to be en- echelon when arranged
in successive lines parallel to each ether, like
the steps of ladder, so that they can support
and replace each other as exigency require.
Enfiade.-To sweep or rake with cannon
and musketry line of works or body of troops,
or deck of ship from end to end to fire upon
the flank of line OF troops.
Esplanade.-A level ground within fortified
place, used for exercise, a walk, &c. ; properly,
the space between the Notifications of the town
and those Of the citadel.
Fatigue Dmy.-The labors in which SOL
diers are often engaged, distinct from the use
of arms, such as carrying provisions, water,
ammunition, fuel, &C., cleansing barracks, &c.
Eank.-The extreme right or left of an
army or of any body of troops also the ex-
treme right or left of military position. To
flank, is to attack body of troops on the side
or to dispose troops so as TO attack them.
Forlorn Hope.-The body of picked men
guided by engineer officers, detached to lead
the assault, or storm fortress, or TO perform
any service attended by great danger and
peril.
Haversack.-A coarse linen bag, in which
soldiers carry their provisions, when on
march or on service.
HonorS Of War.-Distinction granted to
vanquished enemy, as of marching from town,
camp, or entrenchment, with all the insignia
of military etiquette.
Inuest.-To post troops on every side Of
fortress or town, so as to prevent the garrison
from receiving supplies of men, provisions, or
ammunition. and from holding communication
with any others.
Knapsacks.-A square leathern case, con-
tanning the soldiers regimental necessaries it
is strapped on the soldiers back.
Paroie.-1he promise on honor given by
prisoner of war, when allowed to go at large,
that he will re appear when required, or at an
appointed time unless discharged.
The password given out daily by the COM
manding officer, in camp or garrison, by which
TO distinguish friends from foes.
Pickets (oalying) are detachmeuts of troops,
cavalry and light infantry, forming chain of
outposts, posted at some little distance from
the camp in order to secure,it from any sur
prise of the enemy, as well as to keep recon-
noitering parties at distance.
Picke's (inlying) are ietachments which
remain in camp fully equipped, and ready to
turn out on any alarm.
Pioneers.-Solders trained to work with
pickaxe, spake, &c. They are employed in
repairing roads for the passage of troops,
clearing away Instructions, and working at
entertainments.
Poueh.-A strong leathern case, lined With
tin divisions in which a soldier keeps his am
munition.
Ration.-The allowance of provision issued
to troops.
Reconnoitre.-To examine an enemy s posi-
tion and movements, the state of bis army or
camp. To examine or survey the ground or
line Of country intended for military opera
tioDs.
Regiment.-A body of troops divided into
companies, each commanded by captain A
regiment averages from 800 to 1000 or 1900.
Reviue.-The beat of drums at break of day.
The seDtries after this do not challenge
Sco,as.-Persons employed to observe the
movements aud gain intelligence of the num-
bers of an enemy.
Shoke.-The military cap.
Stockade.-A line of stakes or posts, fixed
IN the ground, as barrier to the advance OF