davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The daily exchange. [volume] (Baltimore, Md.) 1858-1861, 1861-08-08
CorTeSponGence If tie associated Press. I
FROM FORTRESS nIDNRnE


Return. of GEN. Bntier-- Refugees frou, North
Snro ,iai;'-- --PrivateerinS on the Coast OF
Worth 'arolina--R IL ecapture of Prize Ves-
sels--Ihe Prvatcer Aiken Sunk by the ~ .
LasVEence--Ihe Crew all Prisoners, etc
FORTRESS MoNRoE, August 6.-General Butler
returned to Old Point this morning othipo h.
yet transpiTed as to his remaining here hut it is
understood that the Federal army at Fortress Mon
roe is to be greatly increasd.
The General has spent the afternoon at Newport
News, experimenting with Hotchkss' shells.
Hampton will be re-occupied on the araival of
the first regiment from the North.
lieutenant Crosby, who conducted the successful
expedition to Accomac and Northampton, on the
Eastern Shore, will leave Old Point in the morn
ing with an effective force for similar purpose.
The sailing trgate Savannah is being towed up
the Roads. and will proceed to Newport-News to
relieve the Dale, now ordered to sea-
The crew of the bark Linwood, of New York. l3
in number, have just arrived on the Quaker City
The bark was wrecked Cape Hatteras They
were picked up off Cape Henry.
Ihe Quaker City picked up this morning, near
the Capes, small boat containing ten shipmasters
and seamen, who had escaped from Fort Oregon,
North Carolina.
They give some startling intelligence of the do
ings on the North Carolina coast. At Hatteras
Inlet there are three steamers and pot-boat pri-
Watering One of them, the Gordon, ran the
blockade at Charleston, and of the whole coast up
to Hatteras Inlet ten DAYS ago, siuce which time
she has captured brig VIM. II. McGilvery, of Ban
gor, from Cafdenas with molasses and schooner
Protector, from Cuba with ruit
The names of the prvateers the Gordon the
Coffee, side-wheei steamer formerly running be-
tween Old Point and Norfolk; steamer Marion for.
merly Wilmington tug-boa; and schooner York
Norfolk pilot-bOat. All of them are armed with
rihed cannon. Those from Norfolk were taken
down the canal to Albemarle Sound. Newbern n.
g.. is the headquarters of these pirates.
Ten eun-boais are being collected and mount ed
at Norfolk to be taken down the canal; crews for
them are DOW being shipped at Newbern. The
bark Glen, of Portland, with government coal
vs. captured week ago and taken into Beaufort,
NC.
The refugees state that the Confederates scarcely
regard the coast as bockaded at all, and consider
the Quaker City the only vessel doing any efficient
service against them. During all this time
several gun-boats have been quietly anchored at
Old Point
The lrigate Wabash has arrived from off Charles
ton, for coal and water, having been relieved by
the Roanoke. She recaptured the schooner Mary
Alice, of New York, which bad been taken by the
schooner Dixie. The prize crew are now prisoners
on the W sbash. She also took the brig Sarah
Star, bound from Wilmington to Liverpool, with
turpentine and rosin, and sailing under English
coors.
The Wabash accidentally ran into the gun boat
Seminole, but did little damage.
The daily exchange. [volume] (Baltimore, Md.) 1858-1861, 1861-08-08
REVENUE AND DIRECT TAx.T1oy.

The bills to provide increased revenue and i'm.
posing direct and income tax, having been con-
solidated, were passed by both Houses of Congress
on Friday last The bill has received the signature
of the President, and is now law, We give the
following synopsis:
SECTIONS and specify the new rates of duties
to be levied from and after the date Of the
of the act. We give at the same time the old
rates:
The daily exchange. [volume] (Baltimore, Md.) 1858-1861, 1861-08-08
From New Mexico--The Texans Threaten

INDEPENDENCE. Mo., August THE Santa Fe
mail of the 22d has arrived Great excitement
prevails in New Mexico account of the threats
of the Texans to capture the Government property
in the Territory. A body of Texans had assembled
at Fort Bliss, about 700 strong, with number of
pieces of artillery. Their pickets were within ten
miles of Fort Fillmore, where there are thirteen
comnanieS of regnlars
The daily exchange. [volume] (Baltimore, Md.) 1858-1861, 1861-08-08
The Kentucky Election.

LouIsvlLLg, August 7.-Nearly the full vote from
forty. counties have beeo received, which return
but three secessonists to the Legislature. But the
disloya counties have not yet been generally heard
from. Well Informed politicians estimat the Leg.
slature in each House, to be composed of seventy
five per cent. of Union men.
The daily exchange. [volume] (Baltimore, Md.) 1858-1861, 1861-08-08

THE NATIONAL Horse SHow.-A look at the Fair
ground the other day surprised us, at the gigantic
preparations there going forward. large gang
of men are employed in putting the track in supe-
rior urder, while seats and stalls being erected
in all directions scale that looks to a show to
eclipse our best State Fair. The entire business is
rapidly going forward, and large amount of hetel
room in Ottawa is already engaged. Nothing now
can prevent the Fair from being great success.
The 500 horses and 80, 1000 people that present
at GAINESVILLE, or the 700 and $4,000 people at
Dayton, Ohio, it is confidently believed will be
ecpsed at Ottawa-Onaua Free Trader, July 26.
Among the passengers who arrived at New York
by the Fulton was Mr.. Edwin James, the first of
living English criminal LAWYERS,
The daily exchange. [volume] (Baltimore, Md.) 1858-1861, 1861-08-08
LATER FROM EUROPE.
ARRIVAL OF THE STEAEEn EUROPA,

HALIFAX, August THE steamer Europa, from
Liverpool on the 9th ut., arrived 515 o'clock
this afternoon. She brings so passengers and near
ly ESQ, 600 in specie for Boston.
The steamer Persia arrived at Queenstown on the
evening of the 18th.
The general news by this arrival has been mainly
anticipated.
The daily exchange. [volume] (Baltimore, Md.) 1858-1861, 1861-08-08

SACo, Me-, August 6, l86l.-A fire in Biddefor6
and saco last night destroyed Princes peg factory,
Hobson's saw mill, Princes machine shop, the fur
niture manufactory belonging to s. T. Sherman,
the machine shop of Charles Hardy, and several
small dwellings. Loss 500, 900.
The daily exchange. [volume] (Baltimore, Md.) 1858-1861, 1861-08-08

The briggs Naad, Machias and Ben Dunning
seized by the privateer steamer Sumter Glen
fuegos, arrived at this port yesterday the 9Th
They were released by order OF the Spanish Gov
ernment and sailed, with ORDERS under convoy, az
far as Cape Antonio, of the United States steamer
Crusader.-N Y, Herald.
The daily exchange. [volume] (Baltimore, Md.) 1858-1861, 1861-08-08


From long article in the London Shipping Ga
zette, merely referred to in last foreign de-
spatches we condense the following as a possible
explanation of the fate Of the unfortunate steamer
Pacific
"0ur readers may have observed recently among
maritime extracts the copy OF the contents of a
slip OF paper found in bottle some weeks ago on
the west coast of Uist, in the Hebrides, and for
| warded to US by our agent at Stornoway. The
paper in question, apparently the Leaf OF pocket
book, used in the hurry of the moment, cover
ed on both sides with pencil marks. from which the
| following with difficulty deciphered:
"'ON BOARD THE PACIFIC, FROM LIVERPOOL TO New
YoRK.-Ship going down. (Great) confusion board
cebergs around us on every side. know cannot
cape write the of loss that friends may not
live in suspense The finder of this will please get ii
published. "'WM. GRAHAM"
| 'If we are right in our conjecture the ship here
named is the Pacific, of the Collins line of
steamers, which vessel left Liverpool on January
23 1885, three days before the Persia, and has not
since been heard OF; and this slip of paper, three
inches by two, is probably the only record of the
| fate of that il issipg ship.
| "From the facts elected so far, we come to the
| conclusion that the vessel lost, and to which the
frail memorandum before us refers, was ship
named the Pacific. The writer was evidently some
person accustomed to the perils of the sea- for i,
is difficult to understand how any person whose
| nerves had not been hardened by the presence OF
frequent and appalling dangers could have written
| with such manifest GOODNESS in the immediate pres
ence Of death This selfpossesson at once neg
atves the idea that the person who could exhibit il
/ in moment of such supreme peril could possibly
have mistaken the of the vessel whose loss
be has recorded
''Then, again, find from the records of the
lost Pacific that person, named Graham, sailed in
her from Liverpool on her i'll fated voyage, and in
all human p obabiitv, was on board at the time
she was lost with all hands This is he strongest
point in the entire chain of evidence for it
! the writer of the memorandum directly with the
| lost ship, and the ship with the writer. Lastly
since the memorandum has been given to the
| world-now some weeks-we have had no intima
ton that any ship named the Pacific, sailing from
Liverpool recently, has been lost or is ever
missing"
The daily exchange. [volume] (Baltimore, Md.) 1858-1861, 1861-08-08


BosToN, August 6.-The l4th and 18th regiments
will leave tomorrow for the seat of war, Also,
Cobb's Light Battery.
The remaining regiments are fast filing up,
The daily exchange. [volume] (Baltimore, Md.) 1858-1861, 1861-08-08
Republican Conyent;on of MA

:
AUGUSTA, Me-, August THE Republican State
Convention, which was held here to-day was large
ly attended Governor Wasbburne was uuani.
mously renominated
The daily exchange. [volume] (Baltimore, Md.) 1858-1861, 1861-08-08

ap1s Vi '4uc per gdi OF " per c. iOc ga
Wines of all kinds. 40 per cent. 80 per cent
SEC provides that goods or merchandise i'm
ported from beyond Cape of Good Hope in foreign
vessels, not entitled BY treaty to exemption from
disUI iui mating duties not imported directly fro
their place of growth, shall pay additional duty
OF 10 per cent
SEC. provides for allowances of drawbacks on
articles exported when manufactured wholly of i'm
ported material.
Sec. provides that goods now in bond or on
shipboard shall pay the rates of duty to which they
were liable before the passage of this act but re-
quires the duty to be paid all goods required for
consumption in the United States within three
months, and on all goods required for foreign con-
sumption within three years.
Secs. and provide for the correction of some
errors in the act of March I'd, and also for anv de-
tects that might prevent the collection Of any of the
duties under this act; imposes direct tax annually
OF S20,O0O,00O apportioned among the several
States fnllows.
The daily exchange. [volume] (Baltimore, Md.) 1858-1861, 1861-08-08

LARGE PEACH ORCHARD IN OHIo.-A gentleman
in the neighborhood of Middletown, Butler county.
has peach orchard occupying six of ground,
upon which there growing some ten thousand
trees, all loaded with the best grated fruit.
The daily exchange. [volume] (Baltimore, Md.) 1858-1861, 1861-08-08


four distinct pieces, which may be called the bar
rel, the breech, the jacket and the plug. The bar
rel is the principal and heaviest piece, and the Pc
culiarty of its construction consists in its haring
out in the shape of ball towards the breech, and
terminating in a heavy 1ange-like rim. To this
rim the Jacket is fastened with bolts passing through
a similar rim. The jacket is cone shaped and three
or fout inches in thickness with obong opening
in the upper side, and round opening at the apex
of the cone through which shank from the end of
the breech passes. The breech completely fills up
and fits snugly the inside of the jacket. In one side
is an obopg opening, corresponding in size to that
in the jacket. This opening in the breech receives
the cartridge and is then closed by plug, heavy
block of iron made to fit with great nicely. The
breech is then turned around in the Jacket by
means of the shank bringing the vent to the open
ing in the jacket and the plug to the bottom where
it is kept firmly in its place by the jacket.
The jacket is intended to add strength to the gun
at the breeca, well as to hold the breech and
plug in their places. 1t the arrangement should
prove successful in practice the gun can be loaded
and discharged with greater rapidity than probably
any breech-loading gun yet invented. The nicety,
however, with which every part is required to fit
in its place, leads us to apprehend that some diff
Guilty in practice may be found On this score. We
will not, however, anticipate the trial BY any criti-
csm.
The gun that has been constructed is six
FOUNDER, with a bore five feet in length-a length
which would Indicate the expectation that it is to
be effective at long range. e.-Chacdgo Post.
CoNFIsoArIoN IN PHILADELPHIA-Y esterday Mr.
Chew, of Germantown, applied to Judge Ludlow
Tor an injunction to prevent ex-senator Mason
from taking money out of the estate in which he
is Interested located in this county In asking for
the order, MIR. Chew said 81 apply to your honor
for an order to prevent James M. Mason from TAX
ing out of the jurisdiction of the Court funds which
the trustees have invested under the order of tn
Orphans Court. Already very large sum IA S
been taken out Of the State by that very remarka-
BILE traitor, and have prospect of getting
|
away" Judge Ludlow suggested that cita ton
might issue, and notice could be made by publica-
tion. Senator Mason has ten days in which to ap-
pear and answer The property will probably be
confscated in favor the claimants We hope
that the property of all known traitors will be
seized, sold, aud .urned into the public Golfers.
MT Mason and Mr.. Chew brothers-in-law.-
Ph'tddesphia Enenang Journal.
| olck IN THE SrREET.-An unknown woman, about
20 years OF age, was found, ON Monday night, lying
SICK on the Sidewalk at the corner of Staunton and
Forsyth streets. She removed to the station
house, where she subsequently, died. Ia her pocke ct
The daily exchange. [volume] (Baltimore, Md.) 1858-1861, 1861-08-08

SICK IN THE SrREET.-An unknown woman, about
20 years OF age, was found ON Monday night, lying
SICK on the sidewalk at the corner of Staunton and
Forsyth streets. She was removed to the station
house, where she subsequently, died. Ia her pock 1t
was found letter addressed to Geo. l.. Leroy,
Company +, Duryee,s 9th - Regiment, Federal Hill,
The daily exchange. [volume] (Baltimore, Md.) 1858-1861, 1861-08-08
Those Handouts and Ropes.

We are allowed to make the following extract
from letter written to gentleman in this city
RICHMOND, August 2, 1861.
humanity shudders at the foul aud brutal afro
cities already committed On our citizens, and the
yet fouler contemplated. The story of 80 900
handouts is every word true. l have man from
Manassas who saw them and the ropes with nooses
to hang "traitors." Heaven can never permit such
hepds to trample laws, honor and virtue in the
dust. They succeed. Earth would be
hell, under their control. r.
We have received files of Southern papers
among them the Richmond Examiner, Dispatch and
Whig of the 3d-from which, and other sources,
We take the following news:
The daily exchange. [volume] (Baltimore, Md.) 1858-1861, 1861-08-08

Wednesday, proves to be Mrs. Curtis of RGcbes
ter, N. Y, sister of member of the Rochester
regiment. She is quite young, but by no means
prepossessing. The sleeves of her dress are orna-
mented with velvet tape chevrops, and the Jockey
nat which she wears is tucked up on one side with
brass hug!e, indicating military associations She
is quite talkative, and does not disguise her ami
mostly against the South. Lodgings have beer
provided for her in a private hnnse.- Win
The daily exchange. [volume] (Baltimore, Md.) 1858-1861, 1861-08-08

The Montreal Witness is informed that from
1000 to 5000 Norwegiaus have arrived in Canada
| thus far this season, about two-thirds OF whom
| have gone westward by steamer.
The daily exchange. [volume] (Baltimore, Md.) 1858-1861, 1861-08-08
The Washington Artillery.

The Washington Artillery on that day, the 2lst,
immortalized itself. For GOODNESS and courage,
ease of management of their gurs, and rapdity
and certainty of fire, it could not be excelled.-
Every man in the lst and l7th did bis whole duty.
From position they, with the artillery, bore the
brunt Of the whole fight. Where every one fought
10 well. it were invidious to partcularize.
Colonel Moore, of the lst, was wounded In the
The Cecil Whig. [volume] (Elkton, Md.) 1841-current, 1861-03-16
TRUSTEE'S.SALE

DY virtue of Decree of the Circuit Cont
ID for Cecil county, in chancery, the under
sisncd, Trustee, will offer at Public Sale, at
the Court House door, in the town Of Elk
ton, on
Wednesday, the 2oM of March, meet,
at IL O'Clock NJ, the following Parcels OF
Real Estate in Cecil county, Maryland,
Which were owned by the late Robert
Thomas at the time of his dcccasc.
Parcel No. | contains 80 ACRES, more
or less, and is beautifully located on the
Bohemia River. 1t adjoins the property Of
Mr.. Bayard, and the property Of Mr.. Charles
d. Knight. OF Philadelphia. 1t is near to
Port Herman, and convenient to steamboat
landing. Several gentlemen from Philade l.
pliia have handsome country seats on the
immediate ncighborhood.
Parcel No. 2 contains 100 ACRES, more
o. less. 1t is located in Elk Neck, across
the river from Port Herman, 1t adieins the
property of Mr.. John A. Wilson, and Others
The property is unimproved. Persons
wishing the purchase are invited to examine
for themselves.
TERMS or SALE One half the pur-
chase money to DC paid in cash, and the
other half at the end Of six months from the
said day Of sale. The credit payment to be
secured by the bond of. .the purchaser or
purchasers, with approved security.
GEORGE EARLE,
Eikton, Mar =, lobl-ts. Trustee.
The Cecil Whig. [volume] (Elkton, Md.) 1841-current, 1861-03-16
CONSTiBLE,S SALE.

DT<irtuc of four writs of Vendition. Ex-
- p"nas, issued by John Owens, one of
the Justices Of The Peace of the State of
Maryland, in and for Cecil county, to me
directed, will expose to sale at Public
Auction, at the Court House door, in the
town of Elkton, on
Saturday, the 3oM day Of March, 1861.
at O'Clock P. NJ, for Cash, all the right,
title, claim, interest and estate, at law and
in equity, Of Henry Wood, in aud to all that
Piece, Parcel or Tract of land, situate, lying
and being at New Leeds, in the Third Elec-
ton District ot Cecil county, containing 49,
Acres. more or less, with improvements
thereon, consisting of a Store House, Dwell
ing House, and OTHER outbuildings; late the
property Of the said Henry Wood, seized
and taken in execution at the suit of Bcnjl-
min G. Pearce and Jethro Johnson, use of
John Is. Russell and Jethro johnson, Jr,
use oftMatthcw Russell and John b. Russell,
use Of r. G. REESE, John Underwood and
James T. Mccullough.
WIN. F. ]. HENRY,
March 0, l86l-ts. [$S.75] Constable.
The Cecil Whig. [volume] (Elkton, Md.) 1841-current, 1861-03-16
TRUSTEES SALE.

DY virtue of II Decree ofthe Circuit Court
ID for Cecil county, in Chancery, the un-
dcrsigned Trustee will 'dfIrr at Public Sale
at the Court House door in tile town of Elk
ton, on MONDAY, the 18th of March, at II
O'Clock, A. NJ, the property whereof John
NJ, Ferguson died seized, This property
consists Of a House and Corner Lot at 4 H.
dora, Cecil county Md, The House is now
used as a Dwelling and Store, The Lot is
bounded on the east by the Plank Road, and
"n the north by the public road leading from
Cartcr's Paper Min to Scots Mill, 1t is
almost surrounded by Mills and Factories,
and is u first rate stand for business,
Terms OF SALE :-One-half the purchase
money to be paid in cash on the day of sale. and
the other half at the end of six months from
the day Of sale. The credit payment to bear
interest from the day of sale, and to be Sc
cured by the bond Of the purchaser, with ap-
proved security. GEORGE EARLE,
Mar. Q, is. ....- -. Trustee.
The Cecil Whig. [volume] (Elkton, Md.) 1841-current, 1861-03-16
PHILADELPHIA.
MISCELLANEOUS.
PLOWS, STOVES, &C.
CARPEIINGS

TIIE undersigned having~A
l. bought the Foundry of NE-9
Mr., Jacob Hcckcndorn, and <sssSASSa=k
removed to the rear of his Tin and Stove
Store, with the right to manufacture his
celebrated ECONOMICAL Pillow, is now
prepared to furnish Farmers with them ready
made in the best manner by experienced
workmen, and Of the very best material.
| would also say that have secured the
services of Mr.. lIeckendorn, under whose
supervision the Flows are all made. Farmers
may. therefore, rely upon them being perfect
in all their parts.
have also large stock of COOK AND
OTHER STOVES, together with full sup
ply of TlNWARE, Shovels, Forks, Rakes,
Churns, &C., all of which will be sold ut u
very low price to suit the hard times.
W-Castings for almost all the pows IN
general use. Stoves Repaired. Odd Plates
made to suit.
Call and see our new establishment, at the
old Stove House, corner of Main and Bridge
Streets, where you can got almost anything
YOU want.
V-Roofing and Spouting, &C.. attended
to as usual. JOS. p. CANTWELL.
Elkton, Feb 90, 1861.
The Cecil Whig. [volume] (Elkton, Md.) 1841-current, 1861-03-16
NOTICES..
EXAMINERS NOTICE.

E-NH NINFNS NUIICF.
TilE undersigned duly appointed, 10y the
L County Commissioners Of Cecil county,
Examiners to view and determine the pro-
priety of Strengthening the public road lead
ing from what is called the " Old Mill Hill -
through the lands of Mrs. Ann f. Lusby to
the intersection Of her land with the land of
the heirs of the late Nicholas p, Llovd.
hereby give notice that they will meet at
Mrs. Ann +. Lusby's, on SATURDAY, the 10th
day OF March, next, at 10 O'Clock A. NJ. to
proceed to the discharge of the duty assigned
them in the commission 10 them issued by
the aforesaid County Commissioners.
JAMES PRICE,
JOHN w. MORGAN.
+. ID. X. RICHARDSON,
req y, lSGl--6w Examiners.
The Cecil Whig. [volume] (Elkton, Md.) 1841-current, 1861-03-16
NOTICE.

TlllE undersigned would announce that
i he has sold to Mr.. j. P. Cantwell the
entire Machinery and Appurtcnances of. the
Elkton Iron Foundry, Including the cxclu-
sive Patent Right to manufacture and sell his
Patent Economical Plow for Cecil county,
Md, and certain otaer priv ileses in Kent
county, Md; and while he respectfully
returns thanks to his former friends, would
take this occasion to recommend them to
favor his successor with their patrona ge =.
under the belief that they will meet with
entire satisfaction.
Mar 3 1861, ]. IECKENDORN
The Cecil Whig. [volume] (Elkton, Md.) 1841-current, 1861-03-16
PURE AND UNADULTERATED
LIQUORS.

" u
WHOLESALE IND RETAIL.
RDSSELL u HINES,
FLkTON. MD keep constantly on hand. at
u their New Store, formerly occupied by Mr.
james Denny. a large and general assortment of
Liquors. embracing the highest grades and most
superior brands
Champ ng ne. Madeira, Malaga, Port, Clarct, Wine
Btters, all very superior.
BRAND1ES.
I.arochelle Cogna: Otard, Dupuy & Co Cognac :
Cosnac Brandy; Pale do; Blackberry do; Cherry
do; Ginger do.
WHISTLES.
Superior Pennsylvania Wheat Whisky superior
Old Monongahcla Whisky, xxx superior Old
Monongahela Whisky. XXX superior oil Monon-
gahela Whisky, XX; superior Old Monongahela
Whisky, Y; Double Distilled Old N ononguhela
Rye Whisky; Old Rye do. Pittsburs Whisky.
GIN AND RUM.
Pure Holland Gin, warranted Portland New
England Rum.
ALE AND PORTER.
India Alo, Abbey Brewery, Edinburgh; London
Brown Stout.
syWe guarantee our Liquors, and pledge our
selves to sell ut Philadelphia prices LESS THE
FREIGHT.
All orders will be promptly attended to. '-
March Q, 1861.
The Cecil Whig. [volume] (Elkton, Md.) 1841-current, 1861-03-16
TOrbcrt's Grocery Bulletin,

AND LIST OF TABLE LrxrRIEs, NOW IN STORE.
ENGLISH PICKLES and SAUCES, FRESH
CRACKERS aud FANCY BISCUITS:
Gcrkins; Chow Chow Harvey Sauce John Bull
sauce, English Pepper sauce; Brandy Fruits, (as-
sortcd); Brandy Cherries Brandy Peaches; Can
Turtle Steaks; English Table Salt Oriental Fig
Paste: Snrd,nes; Anchovy Sauce; Durham Mus
tard: French Mustard, in Jars White Wine
Vinegar; peach and Rose Waters; Sparkling
Gelatine; Snpsago Cheese; Farina Crackers ;
Boston Biscuit. Wine Biscuit; Tea Bunns; Pre-
served Strawberries: Walnut Catsups; Olives !;
Sweet Olive Oil. &c, &c.
TO this varied assortment we respectfully call
the attention of Buyers and those fond of spicy
dish, at n small cost.
BRowS SUGAR, Ct. Z, s. 81, 0, 10. CLARIFIED
Stream. 81. Q. 10, II. II, LIT. Isept q. 1859.