New-York daily tribune. [volume] (New-York [N.Y.]) 1842-1866, 1861-03-27

should be made BY appropriations out OF the common
treasury Tie cost II the grazing the suPer,ructn,e,
and equipments of our roads, was borne by those VINO
enrcrd upon the enterprise. Nay, more-not OILY 'he
cos, of the iron no small item in the aggregate Get,
~as borne in the same way, but we wer, elled 70
ay into the Common treasury several millions OF o2i
ars for the privilege of importing the iron after tne
price paid for IT abroad What Jut.ce was ,n. h
In taking this money which our people paid mo ne
common treasury on tie importation OF on iron auo
APPLYING it to the Improvement Of rivers and hai0oS
tltewberel
The true principle lie To subject commerce Of every
locality 10 Whatever burdens may be nece sary to s
ltute II. III Charleston harbor needs Improvement,
LET the commerce of Charleston bear the burtsn. IL
the mouth Of the Savannah ver has to be cleared ou
let the sesr going avigation which is benehed by
hear the burden 30 With the mouths Of tho Abba ma
and Mississippi Just Is the produetso OF TIE in-
terror our cotton wheat corn and other uoles, nave
10 tear tue necessary rates Of freight over or rsli~
roads TO reach the seas This is again the broad pro-
ciPe of perfect eqnahty and justice; lAnrauIe,
And il is specially held forth and established in our
new Constitution.
Another feature to which win allude, 10 that @be
new Constitution provides that Cabinet MniseGs and
heads of Departments shall have the privilege OF teats
upOn the oor-of the Senate and ilou CT Representa-
tives-shall nave the right participate in The Debates
and discussions upon the various subjects Of ad niHs
tration, should have preferred that this pyovison
should have gone further and allowed the Free dent TO
select s constitutional adyen from the Ses ate and
Houro of REPRESENTATIVES That wond. hive con-
formed entirely 10 the practice in TIE Brhs Paria-
ment, which in by Judgment, is ooe of TIE sest pro-
vsicns in the British Parliament. Is feature
tia. saves that Government. IL is that which gives u
stability in its facilry to change its adI ihisIation.
Ours, it s, ia great approximation 20 the right
principle.
Under the old Constitution, Secretary Of the Treas.
u-y, for instance, had no opportunity, rave by his
annual reports Of presenting any sch,Ee or plan OF
finance or other matter. He had no opportunity OF
explaining, exIounding enforcing, OF defending hls
views Of policy his only resort was through the ne
dium Of an organ. In the British Parliament the
Premier brings in bis budget, and stands before the
nation responsible for Its every item II II is ndeen-
sble be falls before the attacks uon H. as he ought to-
This will now be the 10 limited extent under
onr system. Our bends OF departments speak for
themselves and the Administration, in behalf Of is
entire policy, without res0rng to the indirect and
highly Objectionable medium Of newspaper. Ii is T.
be greatly hoped that under system sbau never
have what is knewn Government organ. Rap
"A noise again srose from the clamor Of the crowd
outside who wished 10 hear Mr. Stephens and for soe
moments interrupted him. The Mayor rose and called
the police TO preserve order. Quiet being re,tored,
bIr s. proceeded.
Another change in the Constitution relates 20 the
length of the tenure Of the Presidential Office In the
new Contribution il is slX years instead OF four, ahd
the President rendered Ineligible for reelection. Ills
is Certainly decidedly conservative change. VIII
remove from the incumbent all emptaion TO use hls
Office exert the powers coLfded 10 him for any OBJ
ects of TereoDGl ambition. Tie only incentive to that
higher ambition which thOuld move aud actuite one
holding snch high trusts in HE hands will be the good
Of the people, the advancement prosperity happiness
safety, honor, aud true glory OF the Cohiedefaey'
lApPlause.l
changes for the better allow alude TO cher
though last, not hast: Tie new Constitution has put
rest forcrer all agitating questions relating to our
peculiar INSTRUMENTATION slavery as IT ens's
among us-tLe proper itafHs 81 the negro in form
Of civilization. Ills was the immediate Of 81 G
late rupture and present revolution. Jeerton, in lis
forecast had anti aitd t.s, - the rock upon which
the old Union would split He was right. Wat
was conjecture with hun is now = realized fact. But
whether he fully cODpIehended the great truth upon
which that rock 5t00d aud st0nds, may be doubted.
The prevailing ideas entertained by him aud most Of
the eacing .taiesen the time OF the formation of
the old Constitution that ne enhancement 4 the
African in violation vi ts Laws OF naturei that il
wrong in princ'pic, socially, MOI ally aud poliu.
caly 1t was an evil they knew well how TO deal
with bat the general opinion Of m" th.t day
was hat, somehow other, in tie order Of PrOvi-
| denee the institution would be ovlnefceni and pass
| away This idea though not Incorporated in The Con-
stitutiop, the prevailing idea az the time. The
Constitution 4 il true, secured every es7ent guar
anty 10 the institution lie IL should last, and h,uce
argument can be justly u,ed sRunst the Constitu
tionsl guarantees thus secured because Of the
sentiment OF the day. 1lO,e ideas, however, were
Fundamentally wrong. They rested upon tie assguI-
ton Of the equality Of races This was an error. II
was a ssndy foundation and the IDEA Of Government
built upon ~ when the "elorm CAFE ana the wind
blew, II tcH.'
our new Government ia founded upon exactly the
opposite idea; its foundations pid it,
rests upon the great truth that the negro Is not equal
TO the white man. That Slavery -suLOrdinaou to the
superior races his natural and moral condition. APP
piause.
This our new Government is the first In the history
Of the world bas, upon this great physical philosph-
ical and moral truth. This truth has been Glow in
tire process of it, development, Ike all other
truths in the various departments Of science Ii
has been 20 even among us. Many who hear
me- perhaps can recollest well that this truth
war not generally admitted, even wibin tteir day.
The Of the past generation till ching 10 mry
late US twenty years ago. IhOte at the North who
still cling 10 these errors, with zeal above know ledge
we 1stly denomnate fanatics. All fumticsm springs
from an alteration Of the mind; from defect IN rea
soping. Ii is "a species Of insanity ore Of the M ri
striking characteristics Of insanity, in many instances
IL forming correct cOnclulOLs from fancled
preInses so with the Anli.SLvery fanatics; their con.
illusions riga, if their premises They assume
thai the negro is equal and hence concude that lie IL
entitled to equal privileges and nights with the white
man. II their premise were correct their conclusion
would be logical and just; but their prenire being
wrong, their whole argument fails Iecoect once Of
having heard q gentleman from one Of the Northern
States of great power and ability, announce in tho
HOuse OF Representatives, with importing effect that
we Of tie South would he compelled III Ultimately TO
Weld upon tits subject al Slavery thai AIS as I'M
possible to successfully against principle in poll
tics il IN Ihysics or meclanics That the prn
ciple would ultimately preyei That ws, In nddnain-
ing Slavery it exists with us, warning inst
principle principle founded in nature, tie lriipe
Of toe equality Of man The reyly n.hde 70 lin was,
that upon HE own grounds, We should succeed, ind
that he ard his associates their crusadc siusi our
instiiuiions would Ultimately TAIL. Tie truth
ANNOUNCED that il was as impossible to war
successfully against principle In politics IS
in phytics and mech9iise. l admitted, bat
tod Tim that it was b, aud those actiug with
bun, W no were waIIing against principle. They
were attempting to make things equal which tie Cros-
tor had made unequal.