The national Republican., 1861-03-07
A EATI0NAI. paI.IcY.

"uss po q Wcstern poncy, anu ior tne Hehsoh
which is geographical, and therefore 6xcd, that
ii is at the West that are to be found the un.
occupied domain and the undeveloped resources
Of ths country. And now thatl sectional
cabsl, which has been for long years aiming at
no other object than the overthrow Of the
Union, has given place In the Government to
a truly national party, representing the mum.
bers, wealth, aud intelligence Of the nation, We
should expect to see sectional schemes give
give place to national ones. And this expecta.
ton has not been disappointed, either id the
measures which have recently been carried
through Congress under the new auspices, or
in the favorable consideration given to other
measures, which only failed Of complete con.
summation from the lack of time.
Among the things actually accomplished,
were the creation Of three Territorial Govern.
ments, and the establishment Of an overland
daily mail to San Francisco.
The three Territories organized are Colorado,
Nevada, and Dakotah.
The boundaries Of Colorado begin at point
where the l02d degree Of west longitude from
Greenwich crosses the 37th parallel Of north
latitude, thence north along said 1929 parallel
to where it intersects the 4lst degree Of north
latitude, thence west along said line to the
lO9th degree Of west longitude, thence south
along said line to the a7th degree Of north
latitude, then east along the 37th degree Of
north latitude to the place Of beginning. The
Territory contains about 100000 square miles.
1t includes the famous Pixies Peak region, and
is now known to possess great agricultural, As
we'll as metallic resources. Those who under.
stand the subject believe that its population
will reach hundred thousand by the summer
Of next year.
The boundaries Of Nevada begin at the point
of intersection Of the AID degree Of north lati.
tude with the a9th degree Of longitude west
from Washington thence running south on
the line of this 10th degree west longitude,
until it intersects the northern boundary of the
Territory of New Mexico; thence due west to
the dividing ridge separating the waters Of
Carson Valley from those that Aow into the
Pacific; thence on this dividing ridge north.
wardly to the 4lst degree north latitude thence
due north to the southern boundary line Of the
State of Oregon; thence due east to the place
of beginning. These boundaries include por.
ton of California, and to that extent will re-
quire the assent of that State. They include
the Washoe mines and Carson Valley, and o
population rapidly increasing and already large
Dacotah lies between latitude AZ deg 80 min.
and 40 min. north, and longitude 96 deg. 80
min. and l03 deg. west. It is bounded on the
north by British America, east by the States Of
Minnesota and Iowa, south and west by Ne.
braska. It's length from north to south is 45O
miles, its average breadth is about 200 miles,
and it has an area Of 10000 square miles. II
had q white population Of four thousand, by
the census of last June, but is capable of sup.
| porting millions. It's Indian inhabitants are
numerous, which of itself proves its capacity to
maintain great civilized population. 1t run.
up to high latitude, but the rigors of its win
ter are softened by its coming, to some extent
within the influence Of the Pacific climates
1t is . region of timber and grass, and has
coal.
The establishment of an overland mail might
be called the re.establishment of such mail
with quite as much propriety as the acquisition
of Texas was called its remuneration.
Congress, on the Sd Of March, 1857, in ex
press response to petition of eighty thousand
people of California, for such an overland mai
as would build up an overland emgrant route
the main object being, not the mail, but the
wagon road, with stations and facilities which
the mail would create, directed the President
to contract for the carrying Of such mail
leaving to the contractors the choice of ter.
minus on the Mississippi. The selection Of
the terminus involved the selection of the
route; and the law of Congress was put in that
form for the two reasons, that that body could
not agree upon route, and that it was safe to
leave to the contractors to select the shortest
and best route, it being seen that what would
be shortest and best for them, would be so for
the emigrant.
In express and insolent defiance of this law,
the late Administration assumed itself to fix
both the terminus on the Mississippi and the
route, and on this assumption, made the But
terfeld contract on the route known as the " or.
bo,c," three thousand miles long instead oftwo,
and over which no emigrants to California have
ever travelled. Mr.. Buchanan's road was for
the benefit not of California which had asked
for it, but Of Texas and Arizona, and of q
Southern Pacific Railroad. This perversion Of
the law has been maintained for four years,
partly from the treachery of some of the Sena.
tors and Representatives from California, and
partly because party motives restrained Con.
gress from the just vindicaton of its rights and
dignity.
An overland emigrant route is now establish.
ed, BY establishing daily mail upon central
ronfe (which will alao ha q ronto &C ...-:-