davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Daily Democrat and news. [volume] (Davenport, Iowa) 1859-1864, 1861-05-21

end there will also be valuable article in each
ten certificates.
On receipt Of 30 cents we will send you one Box
Of our Golden Pens, and sealed notice Of the ar
ticle which We sell for 81.
TRx U09 TRY U0ss
PRICES TO AGENTS, POST PAID,
Boxes Pens with 4 Certificates. ........ II
Memphis daily appeal. [volume] (Memphis, Tenn.) 1847-1886, 1861-11-09
ln,por,nnt rron New Crennda.

The New York Post of the 26th has the follow
ing intelligence from New Grenada;
The state of affairs in New Grenada, in regard
to the United States is in a delicate and interest
ing condition. Elevating the flag Of state soy
eregnty and state rights, Masquera threw his
country into a terrible revolution, and on the
18th OF July scceeded in entering the capitol.
through the inbecility OF the chief commanders
OF the constitutional army and the absence OF
confidence in them by the troops but he has
not been able to extend his rule to even one
half Of the territory or population OF the coun-
try, and there are now powerful odds against him.
Letters from Bogota state that the American
legation there favored the obtaining of intorma-
ton by Gen. Masquera, relative to the strength
and movements of his opponents, by which he
was enabled at last to attack them with ad-
vantage, and that in the same manner our min
lister, Gen jones' violating the orders of Gen.
Bncenno on the Maguddinly river, had months
before caused the disaster 10 the expedition sent
by President Aspira to the Atlantic States, un-
der the command of that chief
Gen. Jones had caused 3 steamer to proceed
down the river, by which the rebels were in
formed of the position strength and plan of the
attack of the government troops. These letters
also assert that On the evening Of the 19lh Of
July, when MasqHera most cruelty ordered the
murder of three citizens without trial, even de-
Rying them al spiritual comfort, General Jones
was at q ball given in the house he occupied.
1t is known, too, that Gen. Jones himself has
tened 10 recognize the self-asSumed government
OF Masquera, presenting to him the appointment
of United States consul at Panama aud Aspin-
wall, asking him for the exeuuasoqs, which were
Immediately given.
Memphis daily appeal. [volume] (Memphis, Tenn.) 1847-1886, 1861-11-09
GaIIant E.pIsil. OF a PrIraleer.

From the Charleston Mercury
One Of our fellow -townsmen, who has been
absent for some weeks on important service, re-
turned on Saturday evening. We allude to
Capt. S. H. Lebby. who reached port in safety
after making valuable captures on the high seas,
and doing good service in destroying the prop
ertv Of the enemy In his smart clipper craft
he has moved oyer a great number of degrees
Of latitude spoke a large number of vessels,
many of them under European flags, and has
never failed to make a Yankee come TO promptly
with a shot from his iron pocket piece. He has,
on several occasions, been in dangerous prOX-
imtv to the Lincolnites at night. At one time,
near the Bahamas, he only escaped by quietly
lowering his sails, the adversary being plainly
visible through the darkness and supposed to
be the Keystone State or Columbia. a few
nights since, off this coast, he was sufficiently
near an armed steamer to distinctly hear the
watch on deck sing out, "alls well"
One Of his prizes has not yet got into har-
Dor up to our latest information, but as the par
ties in charge are skill and reliable il is hoped
that she will soon arrive. Soon after leaving
port, his vessel was chased by an armed steam
er and on returning home on Saturday last
soon after daylight, and while the wind was
blowing with great violence, discovered his yes
sci nearly surrounded by four blOckaderS, which
Immediately made after him.
He had made up his mind to beach his vessel
rather than have her captured, and informed his
crew and prisoners (the latter 10 in number)
of his determination, and instructed al OF them
TO save themselves, if possible, when he pointed
his bark for the breakers, inside Of which he
knew there was a harbor, and taking one ire
mendOus thump, and huge wave passing clear
over her, she passed into port where the Con-
tederate batteries viii protect her. The brig b.
X EateSl. of SRarsDOrt. Me- with q cargo of
cement. hay, and other merchandise, belonging
70 the Washington government, and bound for
TOrtugas, was fallen in with and destroyed.
The brig Tempest and schooner B. G. Harris,
were spoken, but being Of little value they were
allowed to pass. On Friday last, the wind blew
a hurricane from southeast Saw nothing Of the
Lincoln armada.
Memphis daily appeal. [volume] (Memphis, Tenn.) 1847-1886, 1861-11-09
The sherp.E,ooter. of the Bs,,le,

The New York Journal Of Commerce thinks
there were some rebel sharpshooters at the bat
tie of Leesburg, and INDUCES in the following
speeulations
The battle at Edwards Ferry supplies another
proof that shsrpshoOting is the chief Characters
tic Of this war OF the California regiment, the
colonel was killed, the lieutenant-colOnel major
and adiutant wounded, and five captains are
dead and missing, and two wounded. OF the
18th Massachusetts regiment, the colonel and
ieutenant-colonel were wounded, five captains
killed and three wounded.
These two regiments were in the heat Of the
battle, and suffered most severely The number
Of killed and wounded officers is far out of pro-
portion to thai Of the pIivstes Every man with
d sword and shoulder strap, who could be seen
in front or by the side OF his command, was,
without doubt, the common target Of dozens of
rebel shaTpshootors concealed in woods under
brush, u rife pits, at a distance of from two 10
four hundred yards. Col. Baker was pierced
with six balis other officers with two or three,
and those who escaped unhurt were grazed once
or twice. 10 is said that one officer was hit four
times in various parts OF his uniform and equip
ments without personal injury. The killing or
manning OF al these officers was equivalent TO
defeating the two regiments. In the absence of
artillery and cavalry, the rebel sherpshooters
may claim 70 have won the battle of Edwards
Ferry. How much havoc our sharpshooters
caused among the enemy, there is no means of
knowing but it is not unlikely that a large
number OF their officers toe were dropped
Against these deadly Mimic balls there is no
effective pTecaution that a brave man would wish
to see adopted. Nothing but complete coat Of
mail from crown to sole could save him from the
searching bullets A ball-proOf chain armour,
(if one could BE- made or the steel bTeast-plates
WON By the Gem GATdes OF Napoleon III would
be Of no avail The chest might escape but
presently ball from some sharpshooter Of ex-
traordinary skin might come crushing through
the head, killing on the instant, or through the
legs, crpplingthe officer and sending him off the
field Nothing but wavering aim can prevent
the slaughter Of officers from being horrible on
both sides. If the position OF an officer has lis
honors and privileges, it also has its peculiar
dangers, and should not be sought by those
who have not the courage fearlessly to meet
hem
Memphis daily appeal. [volume] (Memphis, Tenn.) 1847-1886, 1861-11-09

Patriots Floeking 70 Gen. McCdtoch-GsH.
Prices Forces at Neoslo- The Legislature and
the Senatorial Candidates.
LITTLE Rock, November 3, 1861.
EDITORS APPEAL From gentlemen who
have Just arrived from the northern portion of
the State, we learn that Gen MeCulloch is camp
ing near the State border, and that troops are
daily docking to join his forces. Gen. Prices
army is now at Neosho, which is about forty
miles from the Arkansas line. He has seven
teen thousand men, but they are indIferently
armed and poorly clad but their patriotism
rises above these obstacles and they are waiting
with the eagerness of wolf for his prey to
pounce upon the Lincoln forces. Gen. Price was
compelled to retreat from Lexington from the
sad fact that he had no ammunition, but he is
now prepared for Fremont, and desires to decoy
him away from the railroads, when he win give
him fight, and re-enact the Oak Hills.victory.
Your readers win probably remember that
Neosho is the village which was destroyed by
jim Jane and his molly crew Of jayhawkers. We
met to-day an old editor from that place, who
had his Office consumed by the flames from chat
rabble
The Legislature Of his State mel in extra ses-
sion yesterday. Thos. Fletcher presiding in the
Senate, and Brady Bunch speaker Of the House.
The senatorial question is the principal theme
when there IS no very interesting war news TO
tower over that issue. The candidates are Hon.
r. W. johnson, Hon. c. B. Mitchell, Gen. Jas
Yell, Gen Albert Pike, and several others The
first named gentleman win unquestionably be
chosen on the first ballot, but who win be the
other successful man, cannot with certainty be
determined at this period.
A resolution passed the House yesterday fix
ing Saturday next as the day on which the Sen
ate is srequested to join the House in electing the
two Senators.
The Governors message was read to-day to
both houses by bis private secretary, a copy Of
which we forward to you.
Yours etc kI.N.
Memphis daily appeal. [volume] (Memphis, Tenn.) 1847-1886, 1861-11-09
Clipping Bills.

A correspondent calls our attention to the
practice of clipping bank notes ia order to make
change, which he fears is carried 70 an iniUdi-
eiOus extent in this city As it is generally
known, twOOf our banks, the Louisiana State,
and the Bank Of Louisiana, have accommoda-
ted the public by issuing small notes of the de-
nominations Of three dollars, two dollars, aud one
dollar, while two others, the Citizens and TIE
Canal bank, extended u similar accommodation
by clipping their notes Of fac dollars, SO as to
make each hslfOf a clipping note equal to two
dollars and half 1t seems that individuals.
desiring to improve upon this last example, have
been cutting into halves the three. two. and one
dollar notes OF the two banks first mentioned. in
order to still further facilitate change.
Now, doubt has arisen as to whether these
last named hall notes viii be ACKNOWLEDGED bv
the banks from which the whole notes were is
sued, 1t has been asserted, and is believed bv
many, that they win not be Acknowledged un-
less presented in pairs that may be recombined
into the original bills. If this be so. the holders
of such halves must be subjected to much incon-
yenienee and perhaps loss, and we advise that
there be no more clipping Of the notes in ques-
ton, unless the banks from which they are
issued will signify their intention to acknowledge
each half separately presented,-N 0. Deltq
Memphis daily appeal. [volume] (Memphis, Tenn.) 1847-1886, 1861-11-09
ENfrH Chnrges.
GENERAL RppuIat;ous

J. No pupil viii be received for a sl.orte- r,erf, .r
session Pupils entering after the c5tuu,eDse- -
session, viii be charged only for the residue of 81
session No deduction viii be made in case Of yyf.1-
drawsl before the5close of the session or FOR sf5a
unless occasioned By sickness
. WIKI the view TO prevent ertruraglnre and -.r.-
mole habits Of economy the following Uni form ha. been
selected; Winter Uniform 70 consist OF r5Ior4
black silk apron and egh0ru has trimmed with .+-y
eulored ribbon Tor summer aud scarlet rlr winter
Summer Uniform 10 consist Of dress Of Ulue gH-bs1s
muslin or calico, lsod coiors) 20 be made with long
white collar black siik apron. Esch pupil to BE- pr1-
Ned with Two dresses for the winter, and four dresses
Of The summer uniform.
3. B0arders must be provided with six cHsurs. of
e.0i hing suitable Tor lhe season with an necasssr -
tlc.es Tor the toilet, aud .'l slz table nlpkins
& The parents guardians O. young ladies celrfo4
from distance are requested to aae some person ia
near Memphis, TO whom application NAV ba rrs4a
when Necessary l favor OF The pupil or the Institution
. The lnsbt tgton win not ucur the expense Of f1--
nshnE tne pnpA with pocket money or articles Of cloth
ing nor shan tie pupils be allowed to keep ronav ID
spend at their discretion. Such moneys lusr be- d.
posted with the Superior Of The Institute
o. To prevent loss Of time and Interruption Of the e,
eriles OF the School, visitors viii be received ou on
Saturdays, from 20 T. clock sI. and from % q p 7f
Parents others wishing to place children in Tie Inzf
tutoal "lli De received on any day except sunday.
q Ihs Institution Is CatLoc-bgt as iLs object ia f
anJrd eucationai advlutages, IRE sgecriveiy Of ra
Gus creeds, no influence beyond Etat object will L- e.
ercised Discipline and order only will isuire stfau
ance ~ divine service SUNDAYS
Parents and friends visiting the pupils 60 ef lb-iar
week or 90 other times, viii End accoCsugdasu il t
city or neighborhOod tie Inst suite s not rao-9 Id
furnish entertainment.
g. Lsitars to be- alir7s--rf 20 re
MOTHER SUPERIOR
St. Agnes Female Acsliel1v
aL--lm Memphis. Tenn.
Memphis daily appeal. [volume] (Memphis, Tenn.) 1847-1886, 1861-11-09
rniar.GrnernIEorrIi.

The New Orleans Delta OF the 9TH has the
following;
The tenor OF Gen. Walkers letter of resigna-
ton has conveyed an erroneous impression TO
the public mind in regard to Major General Low
ell. We are assured by a gentleman who has
long known this gallant officer, that he was born
and resided until he entered the army at West
Point within thirty miles Of the field of Manss-
sas. He entered the military academy from
Washington City, and, is, therefore, truly u
southeruer "to the manor born" We do not
believe th8t Gen. Walker meant 20 convey An
erroneous impression 10 regard 10 Gen Lowell.
and we make this statement ia order 10 correct
any undue inference that may baye been drawn
from the context of his letter of resignation.
Gen. Lowell was stationed IN New York by Gen.
Quitman, for the purpose Of organizing the ma
terial department Of the once intended Cuba ex-
pedition, which work he accomplished in the
most thorough manner. When that expedition
was broken up, the New Workers, with their
keen appreciation Of ability, entrusted General
then Capt Lowell, with an important and res
ponsible office, which he threw up as soon as he
could DO so with honor, to enter the service OF
his native country.
Memphis daily appeal. [volume] (Memphis, Tenn.) 1847-1886, 1861-11-09

A BT OF WAR ROAIAEcE.-A correspondent
Of the Cluksyiile Je6ersOHiaR, writing from
Columbus, Kentucky, says: Quite a romantic
little incident developed itself here yesterday.
A skiff from Cairo, with a lag of truce, made a
landing in front Of Gen. Pillows headquarters.
1t contained young gentleman and young
lady. The young lady was a native of Port
Gibson, Miss, and has been going to school at
Columbus, Ohio. When the war commenced
she found she could not get home, and has been
waiting several months for snopportunity TO see
heI native soil. Finally a gallant Young Lin
colnite (who was probably an ardent young
lover, aso) prOffeTed his services TO conduct her
to this place. At Cairo be procured passes rom
Gen. Grant, and the couple started out in a skiff
and made the trip down in four hours and half
Gen. Pillow gave the young man pass to re-
turn. The affair created some little excitement.
and furnished the boys some food for converse
ton The young man was the incest looking
abolitiouist ] have seen for 8 long time"
Memphis daily appeal. [volume] (Memphis, Tenn.) 1847-1886, 1861-11-09
Paving Notices.

4 PON sundry resolutions referred 20 the Improve
y m-nt Committee, he following reports pre-
seIfed and adopted by the Board
lst pom resolutions 20 order plank walks III gh
and Polk -treeJs The committee report that the Board
order the property aud claimants on the yyat
side OF High street. from Adams TO Poplar street. and
on the west side Of Po street from Poplar street 10
Alabama road 70 lay down good plank walk each in
front oi Dis or her respective lot not less han twenty
inches iD width under hp ru-s md regulations prs.
scrhed by ordinance and that notice be- given. err
2d Upon similar resolution jS 10 the west side ni
Fourth from Adams 10 Poplar street. the same order is
recommended.
81 Upon a resolution 10 regard 10 sidewalk paving
north side of Linden street from Hernsndo 10 Caasey
street the committee report in favor Of tbs following
resolution:
Resolved, That the and claimants Of The prop
cry IN north side OF Linden street from Hernand9
20 Causey streets be and they hereby oriered to
put down good brick pavemenis and CUTTERS win wood
cUrbng in front Of their respective lots in pursuance
of city ordinance Pavement be eight and one half
feet in width eurbing four by fourteen incheshe gut
tering to be Of the usul and proper width and OF good
hard brick.
Approved October 81, 1861.
JOHN PARK, Mayor
Attost-L. r, RICHARDS, City Register.
Dog- lOf
Memphis daily appeal. [volume] (Memphis, Tenn.) 1847-1886, 1861-11-09
EDUCATIONAL.
ST. AGNES
Memphis, Tenn.

utIa lNS IlIJ TON. ilC1rp5rstsi bv Act cf ths
= i1s'-laiufs, i7 delightfully."- -.rUss-d n bssIlfg
81" urea pat q iie city Oi Memphis casnr1anefr-
-. -- ~ "l.u .'fa -nd e"lH-rg. The 5Glf-
isF arc ample and coumoiou- Eud =d szlgued 81 b.,
secure everything desirable in school sd.6e@ ,Tb,
ana lh me center Of extensive eui Llyhy lmrr,g-f
grounds, shaded by forest trees and fu Ist 5f5I
laid out and set with rars plants and shubberv ~
convenience Of access % Memphis troa an parts Of -
West ana south and the ack u0gvedgef hsaIfhfria.s
Of the eity recommend r as point hzhlv f,vor-bIs
for The location Of literary institutions
he Academy Is und-r rhe charge Of competent ana
experienced iearhers The system ut educaf5n b. ~
same a. that pursued 10 similar Institutions IN ken
tlcky. IL IS every way calculated To- .=rr-a Ia tH.
aims Of educafOn-m0ral and Intellectual cuIrgre r
HHsment Of manners and physical Improvement 1,
efforts viii be spared 20 render t1a lon worthy IT
extended patronage.
The discipline OF the School will be firm and unr -r
but mid and parental while t1s strietest attention viii
be- paid 90 h@siih. comfort and wants of the pupJs
Memphis daily appeal. [volume] (Memphis, Tenn.) 1847-1886, 1861-11-09
MOUND CITY FERRY /!
MARK r. CHEEK.

THE MARK 4. CHEEK has been re- r.
L painted and the cabin enlarged. She slllz1ssatiS
viii run in connection with the Memphis -
and Little Rock Railroad and TO sut persons who wish
70 pstrOnize the Mound City Hotel
She leaves Mound city daily SUNDAYS ezcepted) Al
$50 $50 1890 A. M. aud "a, / and P N.
Leaves Memphis daily tSundays eNcepted) al 2 g.3O,
1880 A. NJ. and at and p NJ
The ladies' particularly Invited assuring them the
kindest attention.
" All that Ia received, after paying expenses viii
be given TO aid in carrying on the war.
no2 JAS F. BARTON & co
Memphis daily appeal. [volume] (Memphis, Tenn.) 1847-1886, 1861-11-09

Eg- There was great hustle last night about
headquarters, and dispatches were coming and
going thick and fast. There was evidently
something in the wind. Probably about the
Yankee armada Charleston MeTcarg, 3D.
Memphis daily appeal. [volume] (Memphis, Tenn.) 1847-1886, 1861-11-09
TERms PER SESSION.
Payable Half n earl W. nvarial,l,y n,
4 rIr-ar1o.a -

FOR Board and Tuition in any all Of the following
branches: Reading Writing Arithmetic English Gram
mar TYPOGRAPHY, History Rhetoric. Composition C-tI-
eisn, Principles Of Natural Philosophy Chemis-r- ana
Botany, Mental and Moral Philosophy. Plain Sewing
Marking, ee., SO, $50 500 or SIOO ACCORDING % ne
age Or class Of The pupil For day scholars. tuition
-, ~ - or so Eceor.inE age or cLa.s d ahnva
Memphis daily appeal. [volume] (Memphis, Tenn.) 1847-1886, 1861-11-09
NOTICE.

Memphis and Charleston II. RI
SUPEhINTENDENI"S OFFICE,
MEMPHIS. November 2 ls6l
& HPPERS receiving height BY the Memphis and
- ChareHtoa Railroad requested 10 call al the De
pot pay charges and take their freight away promptly
10 viii be drsyed aud stored the expense OF the
owners. The r0sd forced 20 ADOPT this course bsy.
ing room TO store IN depot W. J. ROSS
Ho3 ~ General Superintendent
Memphis daily appeal. [volume] (Memphis, Tenn.) 1847-1886, 1861-11-09
SUNDRIES.

On CASKS london Ale
~ 20 casks London Porter,
lOO. 600 Cigars. as-arfea5
- barreIs O.d apple Brandy,
barrels old Peach Braudy
20 eighth casks Gognac Brandy,
20 auartfr casks
pipe Old Cog1ac. Brandy pipe Holland Gin
- baskets Piper Hea,ck ChaMpa
~ baskets imitation "
barrels SO. Mackerei,
100 barrel. louisville Cement.
20 boxes Telegraph Maj 'cies Q cases EutmeFz
Iu bsgs Biacs Pepper, 80 D. Ginger
luU btgs Es Jrs % ur. 20 boxes Su0king Tobacco,
80 barrels pure Bourbon Whisky
zaq FTDtfRNDT & CRAWFORD
Memphis daily appeal. [volume] (Memphis, Tenn.) 1847-1886, 1861-11-09

e A couple were married 10 Jay,
Maine, the other day, by clergyman who, six
teen days previous, preached the funeral sermon
Of the bridegroom
Memphis daily appeal. [volume] (Memphis, Tenn.) 1847-1886, 1861-11-09

lsovIDUNG FOR THE SODBIER.-Ihe Senate
Of Asbama has passed bill in relation to a
hosFrs for sick soldiers in the army Of the Po-
tomat providing loT The appointment Of an agent
by the Governor to procure and provide suitable
buildingstor the purpose and to purchase hos
pitRl stores for he same. 1t also authorizes the
Governor To- draw on the treasury in an amount
not exceeding thirty thousand dollars. The same
body has also passed bin TO suspend until one
year after the close Of the war between the Con-
iederste and the United States, the Seth section
of the ordinance in relation 70 the waste and
unsPpropriate lands ia The State Of Alabama,
adopted 2oth March, 1861 The object Of the
bin is to preserve the land as bounties for Ala
bama soldiers
Memphis daily appeal. [volume] (Memphis, Tenn.) 1847-1886, 1861-11-09
RESIDENT
Surgeon ChirOpodist !
No. 81 Main street, over Jones & Tsgg,
Memphis, Tennessee.

R. WARNER, with grateful thanks, has
the honor to inform the ladies and gentlemen of
Memphis, that, through the kind and liberal
patronage which he has received from them, he
has been induced to settle here permanently
and become citizen of Memphis. He consid-
ers it unnecessary, in this connection, to pub
lish the hundreds of
FTGCSeri1Bs Testimonials
Which he has received from gentlemen of the
highest respectability, in this city and else
where. They are in his possession and open
for the inspection of al, but the reference be-
low are OF a nature that viii abundantly satisfy
all who peruse them.
Memphis daily appeal. [volume] (Memphis, Tenn.) 1847-1886, 1861-11-09
TRUSTEES SALE.

E1T virtue Of tie authority in vested by deed Of
- trlst, executed bv William 4. Lane, on the second
day Of September, 1853 aud recorded ia tie Registes
otdce Of shelby counE ia book 40. 90, part ? pages
3, and Z, oe will, on hs
9th Day Of November Next,
Being Wednesday, Er ;he southwest corner Of Main
and Madison streets. iu Memphis proceed to seu for
eath % ne highest bidder the following described LOT
or GROUND, be guuing ui a point in sr gsst line of
shelby street n Memphis, 1855 feet -uutlUarIv from
The southeast corner 90 intersection u Butter aud Shel
py slrertf thercr scltyzid with she lines Of Shelby
reet ninety feet theua. eastward 40 RI iht auges two
Luutyd ami TWEEN tso feet six iuches. theuce north
ward, - ugut u5is ninety feet i'e soUtheas,
u-r of e.. Suilher loo rleLcl westward hundred
and tweutgtso feet sz inches jhs beginning having
on % "a hue large Brick House.
The right oi rei-rlpti5n is faIy waived Sale made
90 pay tde purchase Iu0n@y--t.'le good.
H. D. SMALL,
g. p. FOUTE
oc25-t5s Trustees
Memphis daily appeal. [volume] (Memphis, Tenn.) 1847-1886, 1861-11-09

= N0ub Carolina has expended ssr war rur-
poses the sum of 50 ,044 .522 a6
Memphis daily appeal. [volume] (Memphis, Tenn.) 1847-1886, 1861-11-09

Boston, October 3l.--Tbe steamer State Of
Maine arrived and landed tbe State prisoners al
Fort Wanen to-day
Memphis daily appeal. [volume] (Memphis, Tenn.) 1847-1886, 1861-11-09

EYPrentice says It is believed in the North
that Gov. Pettus has been reelected. The same
impression obtains in Mississippi
Memphis daily appeal. [volume] (Memphis, Tenn.) 1847-1886, 1861-11-09
MOTT


~ n CKANDALL has removed his Tent and Sl.li-
ALs tsry Clothing ii4uufactory 70 Jefferson Block on
Second street lie IS prepared make aud an orders
for Tents Clothing aud Camp LqUipags TO any extent
sEESG,
Hag con tauiIy on hsn5--
Wafer Proof Costs.
Wagon Covers
Gun Carriage Covers
Camp Rugs, etc.