, 1861-07-02

nalion from the hour they ceased to recog-
nize British rule. They all belonged to
one nation as Colonies, and they became
one nation as States. Their first Declara'
ton TO the rest Of mankind, was Issued On
the Fourth day Of July, 1To-seVen years
before Great Britain acknowledged tnelr
independence. In that proclamation they
declared their Independence of the British
crown. but not Of each other. The first
words of that instrument read thus:
uWheu. in the progress Of human events,
ait hecomes necessary for one people to dis
4.olve the political bands which have con
"nected them with another, and to assume,
among the powers Of the earth, the sepa-
"1ate and equal station to which the laws
"of nature and OF natures God entitle
athem, decent respect for the opinions Of
mankind requires that they should de-
"clare the causes which impel them to the
"sepsration."
This quotation proves that our fathers
regarded themselves as constituting one
people, one nation, and entitled to lnde-
pendence among the other powers ol the
earth. They were people one in origin,
one in language, one in religion, in SYM
pathy and interest, and occupying coun-
try which from its very confguration made
one commen government necessary to
their mutual welfare. No one Of the col
onies was ever an independent sovereign
tt for sin gle day. The Union was not
created BY the Constitution-the latter was
made Ito form more perfect Union," a
better defined government for the sovereign
American nation. The fusion Of the peo-
pie Of the thirteen colonies into one gov
eminent, formally dates from the 18th of
July, TITO. But they never ceased; to be
one people at any stage Of transition from
British colonies into United States. The
nation was fact in history defore the De-
c)aration Of Independence was issued. It
was the Nation, therefore, which made the
Declaration, the Articles Of Confederation,
and tile Fede al Constitution, and not
these the Republic. The first document
was formal notice to the other powers
that " one people" had dissolved the polit-
ica1 bands which connected them with an
other" The other two instruments we're
organic statutes for the government Of this
sovereign and independent nation Of
people. The last was adopted because the
first was found to be inadequate to the
necessities Of the people. The balance
had not been properly adjusted by the
Articles Of Confederation, between their
selfgoTernment as q nation and their in
ternal, municipal selfgoyemment. They
had given q little too much latitude to the
internal, and not enough to the external
government. They, therefore, revised
their polity, pairing down the functions Of
the State machines, and strengthening the
powers and increasing the duties Of the
central authority. The division Of the
whole map into Estates" is made simply for
economy, and convenience Of government
just as States are subdivided into counties,
and these again into townships and cities,
It is cheaper and easier to transact the
ten thousand common and local affairs oi
society through these home agencies, than
to do the whole political business Of the
people at the national capital.
But the great attributes Of sovereignty
the large purposes Of Government, all
that affects our relations with the other
powers Of earth are solely confded to the
Central authority. Through it war is levied
peace concluded, alliances contracted, do
main acquired, commerce regulated, money
coined, mails conveyed, National court:
established, the common defence provided
for, and the general welfare overlooked
and cherished.
Throughout. the Revolution, the Ameri
can people transacted all their interna
affairs as one nation, and not as 1eagu'
Of Independent eovereignties. When mo
| ney was borrowed in Europe, the faith o
the new nation was pledged for its REIN
bu1sement, and not that Of individual
States. Foreign powers acknowledged ou
independence as one people, and entered
into treaties with Us as such. When Grea
Britain finally granted our Independence
it VAS not in the shape Of quit claim tt
each Of her thirteen reyolted colonies, bu
to them in the aggregate, as constituting
one people, one nation, one sovereignty
But it is needless to. pursue the argumen
further.
How infinitely grander and better is the oil
theory of one collosal Republic, one mighty
nation, one united people, than the mis-
erable Calhoun doctrine ola loose alliance
of independent, petty States, bound toge:h
er by a rope Of sand, with the right to sep
arate on tho smallest provocation, from
any caprice OF for any imagined grievance
The theory Of the secessionists, is equiva
lent to the principle of the free-lovers, an
If applied to government would produc
anarchy, blood-shed and desolation, a
the other doctrine introduced into society
would erect hell upon earth.
Better fight it out now, and settle th
question for generations to come, though
may decimate and beggar the loyal citizen
before the accursed heresy Of secession b
: completely routed out Of the land.
, Inducements to Enlist.
Recruiting rendezvous will be establlshe
throughout the Northern States to fill up th
new regiments in the regular seryice-thoa
in which the Northwest are more particlarl
interested being the 18th Infantry, Col Po'