The Union and journal. [volume] (Biddeford, Me.) 1858-1882, 1861-12-06

advisable 10 carry that Recommendation into
effect, would suggest that authority be given
Tor investing the principal over the proceeds oil
the surplus referred To. in good securities
with view to the satisfaction Of such other
Just claims of our citizens against China as
are not unlikely to arise hereafter in the
course Of our extensive trade with that en-
pire.
By the act of the 9Th OF August last Con.
gress authorized the President Ia instruct
the commanders of suitable vessels to defend
themselves against, and to capture pirates.
This authority has been exercised in single
instance only. For the more eHectnal pro-
lection of our extensive and valuable COM
merce in the eastern seas especially, 1t seems
To me that it would be advisable to authorize
the commanders of sailing vcssels to recapture
any prizes which pirates may make OF the
United States vessels and their cargoes, and
the Consular courts established by law in the
eastern countries to adjudge the case, in the
event that this should not be objected to by
the local authorities.
II any good reason exists why we should
perseyere longer in Withholding recognition
Of the independence Of the sovereignty OF
lIayti and Liberia, am unable to discern It,.
am unwilling, however, to inauguratc a
novel policy in regard to them, without the
appreciation of Congress. | submit for your
consideration the expediency OF an appropri-
alton for maintaining u charge d'atiaircs near
each OF these new States. Ii does not admit
of doubt that important commercial adyan-
tags might be secured by favorable treaties
\ with them.
The operations Of the Treasury during the
period which has elapsed since your adjourn
ment. have been conducted with signal sue
cess. The patriotism OF the people has
placed at the disposal Of the Government the
large means demanded by the public exigen-
cies. Much OF the national loan has been
taken by citizens OF the industrial classes,
whose confidence in their country's faith and
zeal for their country.s deliyennce from its
present peril have induced them to contrib
ute to the support Of the Government the
whole of their limited acquisitions. This
fact imposes peculiar obligations to economy
IN disbursements, and energy in action.
The report OF the Secretary of War shows
that the total number OF volunteers enlisted
already greatly exceeds the force which Con.
gress authorized me to call into the field. l
refer with pleasure to those portions OF his
report which make allusion 10 the credible
degree of discipline already attained by our
troops, and TO the excellent sanitary condi-
ton of the entire army. The recommended
ton OF the Secretary for an organization OF
the militia upon uniform basis, is subject
of vital Importance TO the future safety oil
The country, and is commended to the serious
attention Of Congress. The large addition
to the regular army. in connection with the
detection that has so considerably diminished
the number of its officers, gives peculiar inn
portance TO his recommendation FOR increas-
ing the number OF cadets TO the greatest ca
pacity of the Military Academy.
BY mere omission, presume, Congress has
failed 10 provide chaplains for the hospitals
occupied by the volunteers. This subject
was brought to my notice, and was induced
to draw up the form of u letter, one copy OF
which, properly addressed, has been delivered
TO each Of the persons, and at the dates res
pcctiyely named and stated in schedule,
containing also the form of the letter, marked
A, and herewith transmitted. These gentle
men, understand. entered upon the duties
designated at the times respectively stated in
the schedule, and have labored faithfully
therein ever since. therefore recommend
that they be compensated at the same rates
rs chaplains in the army. further suggest
that general provision be made for chaplans
to serve at hospitals, as well as in regiments
The report Of the Secretary Of the Navy
presents in detail the operations of that.
branch of the service, the activity and encr-
gy which have characterized its adminstra-
/ ton, and the results Of the measures to in.
crease its efficiency and power. Such have
been the additions by construction and pur-
chase that it may almost be said that navy
has been created and brou lit into service
since our difficulties commenced. Besides
blockading our extensive coast, squadrons
larger than ever before assembled under our
hag have been put alloat, and performed
deeds which have increased our naval rer'own.
| would invite special attention to the rec
concentration OF the Secretary for more
perfect organization OF the navy, by intro
ducing additional grades in the service. The
present organization is defective and unsatis-
factory, and the suggestions submitted by the
department will, it is believed, il adopted,
obyiate the difficulties alluded to, promote
harmony, and increase the efficiency OF the
navy.
The revenue from all sources, including
loans for the financial year cndingon the Both
of June, 1861, was $50, 1886, 900 %, and the
expenditur for the same period, including
payments ON account Of the public dept,were
SS4. 57S 1884 AZ, leaving a balance in the
Treasury on the LIST of July $2,257 ,0G5 so.
For the first quarter Of the financial year
ending 3Oth September, 1861, Abe receipts
from all sources including the balance Of July
LIST. were SlO2. So, 500 &c, and the expenses
sos. 23S 1873 90, leaving u balance on the LIST
OF October, 1861, of $,l92,,.76 Is. ...
There are three vacancies on the bench OF
the Supreme Court. two by the decease OF
Justices Daniel and Mclean, and one by tho
resignation Of Justice Campbell ]. have so
TAR forborne making nominations t, Gil the
vacancies for reasons which will now state.
Two Of the outgoing judges resided within
the States now oyerrun by revolt 30 that IL
SUCCESSORS were appointed in the same lOcali-
ties they could not serve upon their Circuits,
and many OF the most competent men there
probably would not take the personal hazard
OF accepting to serve even mere upon the Su.
preme Bench.
have been unwilling to throw all the up
pointments Northward. thus. disabling my
sell from doing justice to the South on the
return Of peace-although l may remark that
to transfer to the North one which has here
toforc been in the South, would not with
reference to territory and population, be un-
Just. During the long and brilliant career
Of Judge Mclean, his circuit grew into an
empire altogether too large for any one Judge,
to give the Courts therein moro than a
nominal attendance. Rising in population
from l.470,0lS in 1880 to six million one
hundred and FIVE thousand, in 1860; besides
this the country generally has outgrown our
present judicial system. fla system Of uni.
iormity was at all intended the system re-
nuircs that all the States shall be accommn-