The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1861-02-23


she life OF the cotton plants. Similar process
takes place along the southern Atlantic States
The evaporation frem the Gnt Stream is con-
deneed by the cooler air Of the Neghanes. Thus We
have an immense region Of cottn lands over which ma
sure has established the most wonderful system Of rri
aAiiOn known IN the world, in combination with the
proper amount of heat and richness Of soil. When We
consider that these great physical advantages have been
united with enterprise, skill and slave institutions,
managed by American intellect under free institutions
AL tending 10 eir developement promoted BY the only
Fixed labor suitable to the culture Of cotton we shall ex
perieace no difficulty 10 comprehendng why the Un''ed
Ss<Aes ENJOY monoI iy in its production
vzucHARY CALCULATIONS ABOUT CULTURE. OF COTTON IN
TROPICAL REGIONS. aes1m
n wousd probably be of Indifference with the
sAohtNlsts and their republican confrGes wnesner
cotton grown somewhere else slave iaoor OF mol
no mat its employment ceased at the South Renee,
whenever they theorize the subject they always rea
su according to their fancy and have predicted for
twenty FIVE or thirty years past that India would riva
the United In the production Of cotton II she
could do it before, she win now accomplish it by
building railroads Yet how far such improvements are
TO overcome the insuperable difficulties Of climate and
other impedments does not appear
Oneach side Of the Equator there belt OF country
surrounding the globe between 20 to % and 90 degrees
north and south atitude in which the year s divided
drought The width of this tropical region varies in TIE
cid and New Worlds.
10 India it extends north TO the Himalayas, and in
AYrsa shores of the Mediterranean Egypt sne
Algeria with this exception, that in Egypt scarcely
rains at all and vegetation Of all kinds has to be
daced by irrigation. In India the sugar cane, indigo,
RISE all the products Of irrigation and where this
cannot be employed their successful profitable cul
aviation is impossibeso Of cotton while we have shown
that m America have extensive tract Of country
possessing less an ntertropcal temperature,
With sutabeness Of soil, which nature has furnished
With means of irrigation grand scale. Hence the
southern portion of Texas, bordering the Rio Grande
= 90 far ntertropcal TO be uncertain in its crops,
while South and Central America, except it may
be here and there in small elevated spots from the
stated, wholly unsuited to the growth Of cotton
me same may be said Of nearly all Mexico.
The perennial wild cotton trees be found
growing within the tropics the world The woody
Ebre enables them to Withstand, like the holyhock,
the extremes of rain and drought. Their pods
small and the fibre Of the cotton short, woody, brit
Ne and worthless. 1t is the annual plant alone which
yields cotton worth having, and the more delicate
b. such as the Sea Island, the finer and silk
ne n it's FIBRE Hence when Mr.. Squer states that the
ooszse woody perennial cotton tree of the tropics
Central America valuable than the silky annual
plant OF Southern states, he simply makes himself
psdculous and shows that he knows netting about the
susject Livingstone found this gosypium tree in trop
cal Africa Of six months drought and six months ran
and eraightway persuaded the "wooly heads Of Eng
,and that the banks Of the Zambes TO rival the
banks Of the southern waters including the Mississippi
u.d Red river.
Another genius has discovered that China is going
70 supply the world with cotton when all history has
yyoven that she has produced cotton enough for
her own consumption, and from time immemoral she
hes depended upon India for supplies Of surat cotton
Above all, If it were possible to lind another
sou like tina. OF the United States it would be mposs
Sie 70 make il produce cotton without fixed
ssustantly reliable and efficient African labor.
rHE COTTON EXPERIMENT IN INDIA AND
N 1910 the Hon. East India Company sent agent TO
Abe United States, with care llonche to expenses
He engaged the services Of ten experienced American
,osop growers taken from the best cotton districts OF
me country. Several were taken from Mississippi two
nvm Louisiana, three from Alabama, AMI two three
h,m Georgia They engaged at good salaries,
and bound 10 remain in India five years each They
were supplied with large quantities Of the best American
seed cotton gins pough hoes cotton presses and every
psssble appliance calculated to insure success. They
rSsped through England visited Manchester and
made acquainted with the views and the spin
ners They overland TO India, and distributed
IN the best cotton districts to be found in that
region They were supplied with all the aborers they
wanted three cents per day each, they subsstng
vice as food of the planters Mr. Terry, stated that
n Mississippi one hand could cultivate five acres, make
eve bales Of cotton and his provisions To do the
me work in India II required three weakly Asiatics 10
the acre An African at the South, being well fei
cork beef and bread, with vegetables, and well
sIo<hed could do about much real labor as half
aczen puny Hndooe Mr.. Terry was sent up 10 the |
Bmdlecund district the base OF the Hmalaya |
AnI
planted one thousand acres in cotton, near tho |
ssOse Of the rainy season, which up, grew |
well bloomed and boiled favorably; but just at this
sage lie growth the drought in the heavens
turned TO brass and not drop Of rain fell in ninety
aays His plants wthered the leaves dried up blossoms
Zen of result that he only gathered50 pounds
cotton to the acre. against about 900 70 200 pounds
IN Mississippi.
10 say that the experiment, after trial Of five years.
and at an expenditure and hst OF -four 70 five mil
Mons Of dollars, proved failure.
M Terry returned this city after his FIVE years
uitess abors India and proceeded to Texas and
pased the cultivation OF cotton on hs account.
Hs story was one OF thrilling interest He declared
great and insuperablc difficulties in the way
Of cultivatng cotton in India attributable TO the
great extremes Of dry and wet weather. either Of which
"a peculiarly fatal 10 cotton During the continuance OF
the rainy season Inc coton pants grow win unwonted
buxuraDce and rapdity to be suddenly checked and
cut of by the intense heat OF the sun which posrs
upon them during the succeeding dry season.
When the dry weather sets in, the sun ripens
the hollis prematurey, when apparently not hall
erown while the leaves OF the plan. are crspei and
burped 70 a brown color by the intensity Of the solar
heat In Lower Bengal the rainy season commences late
N May and continues till October In Central India tho
rainy begins about the middle OF July, and
an from the 1st the 18th Of September. In Lower
psnsaI much seventy six inches Of rain usually fall
n twelve months. In Central IndaQo crop can be an.
teipated with much less than thirteen inches Of rain
Esveu inches never fail TO result in famine which s
dreadfl in its effects upon the natives In addition TO
the upconquerabe difficulties Of the climate the cotton
snt lie exposed TO the fatal attacks OF destructive
sscts There is one which lays an egg In the flower Of
she plant. Before the boil natures the worm forms
Enhin L. which feels upon the green aud tender fbrea