Nashville union and American. [volume] (Nashville, Tenn.) 1853-1862, 1861-12-10

established by law the eastern countries to adj
dleate the cases in the event that this ahoud not
objected to BY the legal authorities. ---
II If any good reason exists why we should pers
severe longer in Withholding our recognition Of II
independence and sovereignty Of Hayti and Iiberi
am unable to discern il Unwilling however,
naugurate novel policy In regard to them, viii
out the APPRECIATION of Congress, submit for you
. consideration the expedieBcy Of an appropriatio
for maintaining charge dg6d1s near ezch Of thos
States. 1t does not admit Of doubt that importa1
. commercial advantages might be secured BY fave
. rable treaties with them. .'
. The operations of the Treasury during ID
period which has elapsed since your adjournmeu
have been conducted with signal success. The ps
tFlotsm Of the people has placed 1T the disposal
the Governments the large means demanded by e
public exigencies. Mach of the national losf, he
eeen taken By citizens Of the industrial classes
whose eonhdence in their country faith and yes
Tor their cOuntry's deIverance from its preseu
peril, have induced them 70 contribute to the sur
port Of the Government the whole of their linl1te
acquisitions. This fact imposes peculiar Obligation
to economy IN disbursement and energy in aciior
The revenue from alseurces, including Iosnsno
the hRaneisl year ending on the 3Oth June 1851
was $50 ,S35, 900 II, and the expenditures for thu
same period, including payment on account Of th,
pubic debt were SS4 57S 034 81, leaving balancc
IN the Treasury on the lst Of July of S2257 65 81
for the first quarter of the financial year ending
3Oth of September, 1851 TIE receipts from al
]
SlOz 53Z 5O9 q, and the expenses sos 239 773 o.
| leaving balance on the LIST Of October, 1861 Of
! S4292,II6 Is. Estimates for the remaining three
quarters of the year, and for the financial year Of
1868, together with his views Of the WAYS and
means for meeting the demands contemplated BY
them, viii be submitted to Congress By the Score,
tary OF the Treasury 1t is gratifying to know the
expenses made necessary by the rebellion are not
beyond The resources of the loyal people, and to
believe that the same patriotism which has tins
far sustained the Government will continue to sus-
tam 1t till psacs and union shsu again bless the
respectfully refer to the report Of the Secrs-
tary OF War for information respecting the pu-
meFicsl strength of the army, and for recoumen-
datons having in view increase OF its efficiency
and the well being Of the various branches Of the
service entrusted to his care II ia GRATIFYING tn
know that the patriotism Of the people Ia equal 10
the occasion. and that the number of troops tan
dered greatly exceeds the force which Congress
authorized me to call into the field. / refer with
pleasure to those portions of his report which
make AIusion to the creditRble degree of diaclp-
line already attained by our troops and TO the ex-
cellent sanitary condition Of the entire army The
recommendation BY the Secretary, for an organi.
zatlon OF the militia upon uniform bsss is an OBJ
Ject OF vital Importance to the future safety of the
country, and 1t is commended to the serious at
tentiOn of Congress-. a large addition to the regu
lar army, In connection with the detection that bas
so considerably diminished the number Of its off,
Gers, gives peculiar Importance to his recommep-
dation for increasing the corps Of cadets to the
greatest capacity Of the military academy.
By mere omission, presume, Congress has failed
to provide chaplAins for the hospitals occupied bV
volunteers: TINS SUBJECT Waa brought to my notice
and was induced to draw up the form Of letter
one copy of which was properly addressed to zach
of the persons at the d.tes respectively named and
stated IL schedule containing also the form of the
letter, marked NJ and herewith transmitted
These gentlemen. understand, entered upon the
duties designated at the times respectivev stated
in the schedule and have Iabored faithfully there
in ever since. /, therefore, recommend that thew
be compensated at the came rate as chGplains in /
the army further suggest that general provision
be made for chaPlains to serve at hospitals a. well
ls with regiments
The report of the Secretary Of the Navy presents
n detail the operations OF that branch of the service
Ind the activity and energy which have character.
zad ia administration and the results of measures
o increase its efficiency and power. Such have
leen he additions by construction and purchase
hat it may almOst be said q navy has been created
md brought into service since our difficulties com.
neneed. Besides blOckadlng our extensive coast !
quadrOns larger than ever before assembled under
ur dag have been put atlost and performed deeds
which have increased our naval renOWn. | would
1vite special attention 30 the recommendation of
be Secretary of the Navy for more perfect organ
sItion of the navy by introducing additional grades
the service. The present organization is defective
nd unsatisfactory, end the suggestions submitted by
be department will it is believed, if adopted oby-
te the difficulties alluded 70, promote harmony,
nd increase the efficiency Of the navy. II
There are three vacancies en- the bench of the
upreme Court, two by the decease Of Justices
'aniel and Mclean and by the resignation OF JUS
ce Campbell. have 60 far fOrbOTne making nom-
istiOns to fiji these vacancies for reasons which
MI now state. I've Of the outgoing judges resided
lthln the States now oVerrun By revolt, that if
4 -fo1 l. l
icy could not serve upon their eircuits and many
the mess competent there probably would not .
Ike the personal hazard of accepting to serve even
ere upon the Supreme Bench. have been an
ilGng to throw all the appointments northwsrd
disabling myself from doing Justice to the South
l the return OF peace, although, may remark, :
lat to transfer to the North one which has \
2retofsre been in the South would not with refer
ice to territory and population, be unjust Du
ng the long and brilliant career of Judge Mclean
) circuit grew into an empire altogether too large
r any one Judge 10 give the courts therein more :.
an nominal attendance, rising in population =
ON l47 600 in 1881 to 6 ISL 405 in 1860. Besides
e country has generally OutgroHn our present =
1isal system. II uniformity was at all the inter .
IN the system requires that all the States shall be =
cOmmodated with Circuit Courts, attended by Su- :
eme Judges, while in fact Wisconsin Minnesota p
wa, Kansas, Florida, Texas, California and Oregon
we never had any such courts. Nor caa this be y
ELI remsdied without change in the system, be- 3
use the AIDING OF justices 70 the Supreme Courts =
)uld create a court altogether too dangerous for -
judicial body Of any sort and the evil of it is one
at will increase as new States come into Ihe ~
liOn Circuit Courts useful, or they are not y
sful If useful no State should be denied them: ~
not useful no State should have them. Let them y
provided tor all, or abolished as to all Three 81
affiliations occur TO me here which / think -
,uld be an improvement upon our present system
{ the Supreme Court be of convenient number oe
every event; then, first, let the whole country be
Tided into circuits Of convenient slzs the Su- W
sme Judges to serve in number of them CORES p
nding to the number, and independent Circuit !:
dyes be provided for all the rest; or, secondly, g
Supreme Judges be relieved from circuit du- ~
5, and Circuit Judges provided for all the cir -
its; or, thirdly, dispense with Circuit Courts al VI
ether leaving the Judicial functions wholly to &c
District Courts and sn independent Supreme on
urt. 81
respectfully recommend to the consideration Of A.
lgress the present condition of the statute laws w
h the hope that Congress will be able to fnd an ~
y remedy for the many inconvenience and evils ~
iCh constantly embarrass those engaged in the -.
Ictical administration Of them. -
Since the organization of government, Congress u
enacted some thousand acts and JOINT resOlu. ~
u.s. which ill more than six thousand closely S
nted pages, and are scattered through many %,
umes. Many of these acts have been drawn in ".
tie and without sufficient caution, so that their Hc
visions are often obscure in themselves, or In se