New-York daily tribune., 1861-01-19
THE STATE OF EUROPE.

,lsps of Napoleoni He is still defending FRANCIS
m. at Gasta, though be processes to MAINTAIN 'ne
x;obt of pon-interyentiou. The Italian Govern
..spt ia Of course, seriously embarrassed by the
Franeb Acct which prevents the bOmbardment OF
he fortress from the sea, and they useessiy pro-
krsst the resistance of the Bourbon, and para
1vxe the efforts of the Piedmontese to settle the
,.enditions of Naples. The bad harvest in the
auth of Italy creates, of course, great distress
md suffering, and the agents Of the BOurbons at
tribute the misery to the revolution, and fan the
ascontentment into open rebellion. Now the
Emperor of France might easily put stop 10
al those Bourbonian practices, which center prin-
cipally at Rome, if he would withdraw hs heet
and the prestige of his protection. Whether he
attn maintains and abets Muratist schemes, or
whether he wishes only to cripple Italy tenn
orarly, in order to prevent war IN the Spring,
q still matter of doubt. At any rate it does not
pcrease the Italian sympathy toward France; for 10
pte of Napoleon and of Count CavOur, tbe Italians
ave resolved to free Veuetia in the course of
be ensuing year, and Garibadi is ready to begin
he war, if it should not be done by Victor
Emanuel. 1t is true that England clingng OBJ
stinatey to the idea of supporting the Austrian
Empire, tries to induce Francis Joseph TO ac-
quiesce in the sale of Venetia, and watches
with her fleet the Adriatc, ready to pounce
upon Garibaldi KOssuth, Klapka, or whoever
may venture to carry the war into Hungary.
Still, all these efforts of diplomacy are OF no
avail Austria is unable TO reorganze herself
within the short respite granted to her by events;
and as Francis Joseph obstinately rePudiates
any idea of the cession of Venetia, England wlll
not be able to stop the war which has become
inevitable. Lord Palmerston's policy is, indeed,
scarcely to be explained. If, from Jealousy of
France and Russia he desires to uphold Austria
as the continental couuterpOise of those two NIL
itary Empires his policy only serves to drive
Hungary into the arms of Napoleon, and Austria
into the arms of Russia. In Italy, it is true, Eli
gland is relatively popular, because the protec
tion of Gaeta has raised general disgust against
Napoleon; but if, in the Spring, it becomes known
that it is England which protects Austria, and
stands in the way of Italy TO acquire Venea, Lord
POrd PalmerstOn will be still more Unpopular III the
South of Europe than the mysterious and often
changing policy of France.
MIR. Schmerhng the new Minister of Francis JO-
seph, has written most elaborate circular note
to the different Stockholders of the Don-Hungaran
provinces full of liberal and nearly constitutional
principles acknowledging the rights of the natlOnal-
hes, freedom of worship, liberty of the press, &c.
Unhappily bis circular is not bit more liberal than
that of Dr. Bach in lS49, which the Austrian pa.
pers now publish i'll order TO show that 1t Is not
the first time that such promises have been made.
Nobody trusts Mr.. Schmerlng or his Liberalism,
for the Germans of the Frankfort Parliament of lS49
remember that in the interest of Austria he be-
trayed Germany This distrust preys upon the
vtals of Austria and renders any attempt OF recon-
structnp the tOtterng fabric of the Empire quite
impossible. Had Schmerling published his pro-
gramme before 1859, and had Hungary been reor-
ganzed before Magenta and SoliernO, Austria might
have had good chance TO survive the present
crisis; but under present circumstances, he would be
a bold man who should attempt tOnsure theeXstence
Of the Austrian Empire even for twelvemonth.
In Hungary the peaceful revolution develops itself
with the utmost rapidity. Counties towns and
borOughs are reOrganZed upon the footing OF lol5;
The prisoners Of Josephstadt and Kuflstein
more at the head of affairs, directing public opinion
and administering the country. Rehabilitation OF
The patriots murdered by Haynau is now claimed
BY the counties, and the chiefs of the emigration
have good chance of being elected members Of the
next Pariament. Will Austria allow the movement
to 90 so far and resign herself TO see the complete
administration and financial separation of Hungary
from the Empire achieved in Spring by legal
meansl and If not, is she able 10 send an army OF
200 200 men into the country for cOercing the Hun
garians and reintrOducng the rule Of the sword In
either case foreign OverthrOws at once all her
plans and sets a match to the trail, for not
only is Hungary dissatisfied and distrustng the
Austrians but Bohemia also insists upon sepa-
rate national administration, leaving only the fnan-
oes the army and foreign affairs TO the
Central Government. Southern Tyro is openly
Italian, aud cODspires against Austria. Salzburg
and German Tyrol prefer incorporation with Ba
varia. Such are the elements with which Schmering
has to deal while he is distrusted by the Court and
The military party which surrounds Francis Joseph
Prussia in the meanwhile is labOring under serious
difficulties. The trial Of the Police official Steber
has exposed TO the public such arbitrary measures
such oppression, and such police interference
with private affairs that the Minister Simons
has had TO yield and to resign Office. The world
sees now that Prussian affairs have been badly ad
ministered those Of Naples, and that all the cant
about liberal measures was a humbug. SaxOny de-
graded herself still more by the infamous
extradition of Count Ladislas Teeki TO
Austria. Hessa is in open conflict with her
ElectOr, and still we are taught to believe that
diplomacy will prevent war and revolution. NapO-
leon speaks, indeed of peace and good will toward
al the Powers of Europe, and seems determined
not to engage in a this Spring. Still, his
arsenals are busy; he furnishes arms to Italy; be
encourages the different natiOnalities of Europe;
he has his bands in every part of the continent and
by keeping HE policy to himself he oyerawes the
old dynasties, and becomes the real master of
Europe.