Nebraska advertiser., 1861-12-05

NNos a. Eahtt0AloAn "a VIC HEODle mas placed
at the disposal Of the government the large
means demanded by the public exigencies.-
Much Of the %nationVl loan has been taken bv
citizens of the Industrial classes, whose conf
dencs In theiF conntry's faith and zeal for
their cOuntry's deliverance from its present
peril, have induced them to contribute to the
support Of the government the whole of their
limited acquisitions. This fact imposes pecu-
liar obligations to economy in disbursement
an energy and action. The revenue from all
sources, including loans, for the fiscal year
ending on the. Both of June, 1861, was $780,
S35,9OO,l7, and the expenditures for the same
period, including payments on account of the
public debt, were S84,578,O34 81, leaving a
balance in the treasury on the LIST of July of
S2.257 ,065 SO for the first quarter Of the e.
nancial year ending the S0th of September,
1861. The receipts from all sources, inclu-
ding the balance from July LIST, were SlO2.-
532, 500 q, and the expenses $50, 239, 733,O 90
leaving a balance on the LIST Of October, 1861,
Of 81. 292, 796 Is. Estimates for the remain
ing three quarters ot the year, and for the f.
nancial year of 1862, together with his views
Of the WAYS and means for meeting the de-
mands contemplated by them, will be submit
ted to Congress by the Secretary of the Treas
ury. It is gratilvirg to know the expenses
made necessary by the rebellion are low be-
yond the resources of the loyal people, and to
believe that the same patriotism which has
thus far sustained the government will contin-
ne 70 sustain it until peace and Union shall
again bless the land.
l respectfully refer to the report Of the Sec
retary af War for information respecting the
numerical strength of the army, and for re-
concentrations having in view the increase
Of its efficiency, aud the well-being of the va
riOus branches of the service intrusted to bis
care. 1t is CRAFTY ing to know that the pa
riotism Of the people is equal to the occasion,
and thar the number of troops rendered great
ly exceed the force which Congress author
lied me to call into the field. l refer with
pleasure to these portions of bis report which
maks ~allusion to the creditable degree Of dis
cjpline already attained by onr troops, and to
the excellent sanitary condition of the entire
army. The recommendation by the Secreta-
~ for an organization of the militia upon a
uniform basis is an object of vital importance
to the future safety Of orr country, and is
commended to the serious attention Of Con-
gress. A large addition to the regular army,
in connection with the detection that has so
considerably diminished the number of its Of
fcers, gives peculiar importance to his recon-
mendation for increasing the corps of Cadets
to the greatest capacity Of the Military Accad-
envy.
By mere omission, 1 presume, Congress has
failed to provide chap!ins for the hospitals &C
cupied by volunteers. This subject was bot
to my notice, and /. was induced to draw up
the form of a letter, one copy of whice, prop.
erly addressed to each of the persons and at
dates respectively named aud stated in a
schedule containing also the form of the let
ter, marked "a" and herewith transmitted.
These gentlemen, l understand, entered upon
the duties designated at the time respectively
designated in the schedule, and have labOred
faithfully therein ever since. l therefore rec
ommend that they be compensated at the
same rate as chaplins in the army. l further
more suggest that general provision be made
for chaplins to serve at hospitals as well as
with regiments.
The report of the Secretary of the Navy
presents IN detril the operations OF that branch
of the service, and the activity and energy
which has characterized its administration,
and the lesults of measures to Increase its ei-
fciency and power. Such have been the adj
ditions ~ construction and purchase that Il
may almost be said q navy has been erected
and brought int seTyice since oar diincnltles
commenced. Besides blockadillg, our extern
sive coast sohadF0ns. dafeer than ever before
assembled under CIR Rag. have been put "a
float and performed deeds which have in
creased cur naval renown. l would invite
special attention to the recommendation of the
Secretary of the Navy ior a more perfect or
gauiZation of the navy, hy Introducing addi-
tiOnal grades in the service. The present or
ganization is detective and unsatisfactory and
the suggestions submitted by the department
will, it is believed. il adopted, obviate the
difficulties alluded 70. promote harmony and
increase the efficiency OF the navy.
There are three vacancies on the bench Of
the Supreme Court; two by the decase Of JUS
tees Daniel and Mexican, and one by the
resignation Of Justice Campbell. / have so
far forborDe making nominations to fill those
vacancies for reasons which l will now state {:
Two of the outgoing Judges resided within
the States now oyenun by revolt, so that if
successes weIe appointed in the same lOcali-
ties, they could not serve upon their circuits,
and many Of the most competent there proba-
: bly, would not take the personal hazard Of
accepting to serve even here upon the Su-
preme bench. l have been unwilling to
throw ail the appointments Nortbward-thus
q disabing myself from doing justice to the
Souh on the return of peace, although may
remark that to transfer to the North, one
which has heretofore been in the South,
would DO, with reference to territory and
. population, be unjust. During the long and
! brilliant judicial career of Jude Mclean, his
circuit grew into an empire, altogether too
large for any one Judge to give the courts
therein n pre- than a nominal attendance II
4 sing IN population from 1900 in 1881, to
6,l5l, 405 in 1861. Besides the country has
generally outgrown our present judicial sys-
tenn, and if uniformity was at all intended,
the system requires that all the States shall be
accommodated with Circuit Courts, attended
by Supreme judges, while in fact, Wisconsin,
Minnesota. Iowa Kansas, Florida, Texas,
California and Oregon, have never had any
such Courts. Nor can this be well remedied
without a change of the system, because the
adding of Justices to the Supreme Court en-
ough for the accommodation of all parts Of
the country, without Circuit Courts, would
creaie a court altogether too dangerous for a
, judicial body of any sort, and the evil of it is
one that will increase as new States come into
the Union. Circuit Courts are useful or they
are not useful. If useful no State should be
! denied them if not useful no State should