New-York daily tribune. [volume] (New-York [N.Y.]) 1842-1866, 1861-03-06


cuttings In large quantity could be Obtained few ior
aim vines had been inI or:ed in 1862 d. and 80 by
pnrserymen, but there was little demand for them.
When il became clear that California would produce
wine largely the foreign varieties came into demand
II was not until 1863 that the superiority Of the oregn
yr,,pes AZ a cass over the Nilsson grape wss es'so-
shed by Trial.
The advsptsQesof California fcrtbe cultivation OF the
grape are the following:
T. California vineyards produce ordinarily twice as
much as the vineyards of any other grape ds.iie If
general report be true Here $4,000 pounds of grapes
ner acre i. crop as common as 5000 in France Ger
MANY, or Ohio. Why our vineyards should produce 70
much more than vineyards elsewhere, know moi, out
the fact il indubitabe. Crops Of 10000 h per acre
have been seen here, never elsewhere, If wilnesses
Generally considered credible, are 10 he believed.
.. The grape crop never fails, az 1T does III every
,her country This is owing partly to the fac; that we
have 10 severe fross hail. and no storms oil rain ana
electricity from the time the vine buds until the grape
ia gathered each Of which often csnses total Ioss OF
the crops in Europe. There is abundant tue for
gathering the grape, while IN other vine countries the
rain ard rost destroy the fruit after 1t "a pe' Inc
odium. the disease which has done sucb great damage
IN France appeared in 1852 but has done no damage
vet gave in three or four small young vineyards.
have heard of it only in Santa Clara, Sonoma, and
Alameda Counties, where The vines are planted IN
wet, black loan or stiff clay Bugs and insects, which
do much harm in European vineyards, have as yet
done no harm worthy OF note in California.
g. VINEYARDS in other countries require more labor
than in California In Europe the vine 10 trained with
a stalk four feet high, and supported by pole which
has TO be down every year, and to which ihe vine
is tied. Here the stalk stands alone.
4. The equsbi6ty and warmth Of the climate render
il easy to make wine by fermentation without artificial
heat during the Winter whereas, in other grape eoun-
tries fires must be kept up in the cellars through the
Winter.
s. The great variety Of grapes which thrive here AZ
compared with every other grape country.
The disadvantages Of California consist in the high
pee Of labor three times high in Ohio and four
tines ~ high az in Europe the Ignorance oi the peo
pl, Of the arts Of vnegowing and wine making, the
desrne.s of casks costing from five to twenty cents
per gallon, and the necessity Of irrigation.
Land suitable for vineyards costs from $40 to $l00
Der acre Whereas it il worth several times much IN
Fr,n.e; but there is counterbalancng difference III
the interest of money that the French vine land at
tiG per acre bought with money borrowed at per
cent year costs little more than California vineyard
bought for 500, with money at q per cent.
The vine likes q sandy gravely mot very moist
soil and never hryes in wet, loamy or stiff clay soil
In California nearly all the vineyards are planted on
fla, land; in Europe hills are preferred, and IN Ger
may the name for vineyard is weinberg
yine-hill.
VINEYARDS are planted with cuttings or with rooted
vues The cuttings are obtained at the annual prungn
u. -, inch lopp QnI
ARE all Of wood lees than year old. They should be
taken from vines not less than four years old. The
rooted vines are cutting. which planted in the nur-
,ory and allowed 10 grow there through one season.
These latter may be planted out from November to
March, inclusive; cutiings from January to March.
I, Il 10, usual to plow Than before planting
but several blowing would DO better The vines are
planted either ~ feet apsr each way the former
distance giving 600 vines to the see Is customary at
Los Ansees the latter giving $50 vince TO the acre is
preferred in sOnoms and Napa TIE vines are planned
about two tet deep, perpend'culariy, leaving about
three or four inches with two buds above the surface
The boles are usually made with crowbsr, and after
tie vine is ,hru,. down into II, little loose sand or
pulyerIed dirt Is poured down TO bill up the hole
Sometime. holes dug with spades. Unless the
ground i, VERY most, the newly planted vineyard is
irrigated for the vine, when taxing root, likes water
During the hrs year after planting, the vine-sTower
has nothing to do TO irgnte twice, TO pow several
times, and TO hoe down such weeds a. cannot be
rcsched with The pow. There is very little growth Of
wcod the frst year but frequently happens that cut
,ngs bear grspe,-one bunch, perhaps, 10 dozen
vinos. Rooted vines do not bear The first year. The
year the ground shoud be KEEP, oose aud clean by
blowing and Loeng twice OF three. Any suckers
sprnQlng out from buds beneath the surface must be
broken off, and little pruning is done. In pruning,
regard Is had 10 the form which the stalA Is 10 have
The vine bears fruit on new wood, thai is ON twigs
produced in the with the grape. All the
twiss are cut Of every year, leaving a base stalk.
Ia the old vineyards OF California the stslas are
from three 10 live iect high OF late,
tie more general custom 10 make the stale about
fifteen irChes high II is observed that the IDEAL er the
grapes 10 the ground tie earlier they npen, and the
les liable they 10 injury in'm frost and wind The
strongest shoot Is selected 70 make the stalk, and 70
tied TO little stake s,uck into the ground q, is side,
and the other shoots cut of. Ia matter Of i'm
portance to nse the rake 30 that the vines may grow
Straight up. Vineyards planted with cuttings bear no
grapes the second year. those planted with rooted
vines may bear few. In the southern part Of the
State, the vineyard must be irrigated at least twice
every Summer: in many places in the northern and
middle districts, irrigation ia eon'ideed unnecessary,
though il would undoubtedly be beneficial during the
INST year. The dad year, tho blowing and bceug 10
the tho second Nose attention must be given
t. the pruning All the twigs Cut of save two or
three, which gfout from the top Of the stalk and
these are p.ned to leave bu, two buds on each,
a,d tbese arc produce M the wood and grapes Of
the This year the vines should produce three
or four pounds Of grapes each some vineyards have
Ia 4Li-a