The weekly pioneer and Democrat. [volume] (Saint Paul, Minn. Territory) 1855-1865, 1861-01-25

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land and foreign, postal communications Al
home and abroad, the care and disposition
of tbeipublic domain. colonization the or.
ganization and admission OF new states. and
sgeneraiiy,a the enlargement of empire, one
nation under our pFseent constitution, thar
1t would be to divide themselves into sepa.
rate states or confedefacies.
The frst object Of every human society i.
safety Or security, for which, if need be,
they will, and they must sacrifice every 9th
err This securityiis Of two kinds; one, ex-
emption from foreign aggression and influ-
ence; the, othere exemption from domestic
tyranny and sedition. 'i.i j
Foreign wars came from either violations
Of treaties or domestic violence. Ths Union
has, thus far, proved itself an almost perfect
shield against such wars. The United
States, continually eniarging, their diplo-
matte acquaintance, have now treaties with
France, the Netherlands, Great Britain,
Sweden, Prussia Spain, Russia, Denmark,
Mexico, Brazil. Austria, Turkey, Chill,
Siam, Muscat, " enezuela, Peru, Greece,
Sardinia, Ecuador, Hanover, Portugal,
New Granada Hesse Cassel, Wurtemburg,
China, Bavaria, Saxony, Nassau, Switzer-
land, Mecklenburg, Schwerin, Guatemala,
the Hawaiian Islands, San, Salvador,
Borneo, Costa Rica, Peru, Bremen, the
Argentine Confederation, Loo Choo, Japan,
Brunswick. Persia, Baden, Belgium, Para.
quay. 10 Nevertheless, the United States,
within their entire existence under the
Federal Constitution, have had fragrant
wars with only four States, two of which
were insignificant Powers, on the coast of
Barbary; and have had direct hostilities,
amounting to reprisal, against only two or
three more; and are now e peace with the
whole world. If the Union should be divi-
ded into only two Confederacies, each of
them would need to make as many treaties
as wefhave now and, of course, would be
liable to give as many causes of war as we
do now. But we know, from the same ex.
perience of other nations, that disintegration
once begun, inevitably continues until even
the greatest empire crumbles into many
parts. Each confederation that shall ulti-
mately arise out of the ruin of the Union
will have necessity for as many treaties as
we now have, and will incur liabilities for
war as often as we now do, by breaking
them. 1t is the multiplication o. treaties,
and the want Of confederation, that makes
war the normal condition of society in
Western Europe and Spanish America. 1t
is Union that, notwithstanding our world
wide intercourse, makes peace the habit Of
the American people. ....,
l will not descend so low as to ask whether
new confederacies would be able or willing
to bear the grievous expense of maintaining
the diplomatic relations which cannot be
dispensed with except by withdrawing from
foreign commerce. l..
a Our federal government is better able to
avoid giving just cause of war than several
c0nfederacies, because itconforms the action
of all the states to compacts. 1t Can have
only one construction, and only one tribunal
to pronounce that construction, of every
treaty. Local and temporary interests and
passions, or personal cupidity and ambition
can drive small confederacies or states more
easily than great republic into indiscreet
violations of treaties. -
The United States being q great and
formidable power, can always secure
favorable and satisfactory treaties. Indeed,
every treaty we have was voluntarily made.
Small confederacies or states must take such
treaties as they can get, and give whatever
treaties are exacted. "A humiliation, or
even an unsatisfactory treaty, is a chronic
cause Oftforeign war;
The chapter Of wars resulting from
causes would, in case Of division,
amplify itself in proportion to the number
of new c0nfederacies and their irritability.
Our disputes with Great Britain about
Oregon, the boundary Of Maine, the patriot
insurrection in Canada, and the Island Of
San Juan the border strifes between Texas
and Mexico. the ineursions of the late
William w alker into Mexico and Central
America-all these were cases in which war
was prevented emily by the imperturbability
of the federal government.
This Government not only gives fewer
causes Of war, whether just or unjust, than
smaller Confederacies would, but it always
has a greater ability to accommodate them
by the exercise of more GOODNESS and cour-
age, the use of more various and more liberal
means, and thedisplay, if need be, of greater
force. Every one knows how placable we
ourselves are in controversies with Great
Britain, France and Spain; and yet how
exacting we have been Id our intercourse
with New Granada, Paraguay, and San
Juan de Nicaragua. r. n, -. I'd .a-i
Mr.. President, no one will dispute our
forefathers' maxim, that the common safety
of all is in the safety of the States. While
they remain united, the Federal Government
combines all the materials and all the forces
of the several states; organizes their defences
on one general principle; harmonizes and
assimilates them with one system, watches
for them with a single eye, which turns liz
all directions, and moves all agents under
the control Of one executive head. A nation
SO constituted is safe against assaults OF
even insults. -a = .sl.-5
War produces always speedy exhaustion
OF money and severe strain upon credit
The treasures and credits of small Con.
federacies would often prove inadequate
Those Of The Union are always ample.
,eJi THE DOMESTIC EVILS OF DIsUN1oN. ea
4 The public prosperity! how could it sur.
yive the storm? Its elements are industry
in the culture of every fruit; mining of al
the metals; commerce at home and on every
sea ;cmateriaI improvement that knows nt
obstacle and has no end invention, thai
ranges throughout the domain Of nature
increase Of knowledge as broad as the hui
man mind can explore; perfection Of art a
high as human genius can reach; and socia
refinement working for the renovation of tht
world u Al ~. fI-d.. ll JgiJ
r.1uHew could onr successors prosecute thest
noble objects in the midst of bfutalizine
civil conflict What guarantees will CAPT
tai invested for such purposes have, thai
will outweigh the premium. offered for pc.
litical and military ambitioeahf What leisure