The Pacific commercial advertiser. [volume] (Honolulu, Hawaiian Islands) 1856-1888, 1861-10-17

Wegive Il name of 6reoa-DLrnh to those yvhie
contain starch ~ sufficient abundance to const
tuts the i"Od o. man. It l. the starch or fecul
thit forms tue principal mlss Of bread, and th
essential part of il, although the gluten and al
nuinsn usually found with 10, have an imp1rtau
part in the function of nutrition. especially Il
the formation Of muscle.
The particular part Of the structure Of bread
pants winch produces starch, Is widely differeui
an theIr different tribes. Bans, pess, chestnuts
ahd tneir aliies' contain II in the cUtyledOns, III.
Ie;i-Ike organs which inclOse the undevelorec
germ. The cereal grains and bucLwheat Weld
Htarch IN the Autonomous mass around the germ
some OF the palms and cycads in the interior @.
their stems the potato with the tropical yam and
Cassiva, IN subterranean stems and roots,
The bread-plants are not universally and uni-
iormly distributed the whole world over. Some
are almost local in their h15If0f, but the most i'm
Portant, those which are hardest and most mo-
iifc, have been carried from country to country.
and are the common property Of all civilized ma
ions. There are regions of the globe Of con-
Inental extent IN which the sterile soil and rjror-
Gus climate forbid the cultivation Of any bread
plant Such ~ the character Of Iceland and
Greenland, and OF the northern part Of America.
extending on the eastern side down to the naraII.i
oil Joo " L.. and including also NewfoundI,nd
winch ~ much further south than the fruitful
plains OF Denmark In Scandinavia, barley and
potatoes are sparlngly produced within the shell
tered tords as high a. the 7O1 Y L.. hut m
eaeh side OF this extreme and exceptional mint
ehe line, north of which no bread-plant can he
cultivated, sinks rapidly southwark, and on the
east excludes the greater part of Siberia. and AL
most the whole of Kamschatka That porti,n
> inc giGoe lying south of this imaginary line,
may De divided into several zones and repiona
each OF which IS characterized by one or roore
bread-plants Of cultivated or Spontaneous growth.
IN Inc present paper we can speak Of ONLY one Of
the bread-plants, and Of its culture as conducted
IN the United States.
cp-.~
Rice IN one or another of its very numerous
varieties, is. or is expected TO be, contributed IN
the exhibition from India. Egypt, Sardinia. chi !
ana, and carolina, t~estifying to the valne in
~hicn I IS held by some portion of the family Of
man IN each OF the great continental divisions of
the globe In India, the Eastern Archipelaoo
and the maritime districts Of Chin rice affords
70 the dense population often almost the sole sun
port of lie Il total failure of the crop wouid
be a thousand fold greater calamity than was the
potato famine OF Ireland L bountiful harvest is
the greatest OF material blessings to these nations
rom the sealding jungles of Ceylon, almost TO
.he edge oil the glaciers of the Himmalaya, where
III terraces on the mountain side, a variety of
haEdIhood is cultivated, rice is the main {
ooJect Oh agriculture, and from seed time. when. 1
oy a Prescriptiye right established by the practice I
ut thousands of years, the farmer claims the ga '
not only OF the artisans of the yiIIapes D
ous oil their wives and children, until the ripe L
'eed ID beaten from its husk, it is watched over !
y %S P1"Pioo i every rank, caste and profession, !
with a hopeful anxiety such rs honors no other I
srain- Ii Is hardly less important as a source of v
ioarisnment TO thousands Of our race on the d
'anks OF the Nile and in large districts of Central c
md Western Africa the French are commencinp d
culture m Algeria, while on the opposite shore C
the Mediterranean, it is found heavily produc- p
i've upon the well-watered slopes of Sardinia o
NO IN the southern marshes of unfortunate Hum p
ary- IL holds its place with less importance y
mGng the luxuriant productions of South Ameri- b
r; Mexico and the Wes. indies, but the beauti- II
III samples sent ~ us from Demerara indicate Il
hat 10 does not fail in excellence and productiva- h
sas when attention is there given to its culture. nj
United STATES STATISTICS. "
In the United states, although the cultivation
rice IL a staple, Is confined to the banks of the IL
OF a few small rivers in the States of a;
orth and South Carolina and Georgia. il i a -
'op of no Insignificant national importance. In -
year $500. the value of rice exported amount g.,
~ S2,oOO,UOO, being more than one-third the -,
Iiue OF all the wheat and -four, more than five -
nths the value of Indian Corn and Meal. and r.
'ariy one-slSth of the value of all the re1ef1BJe So
Od exported. e
EIck- AND ITS INTRODUCTION INTO Tur he
UNITED STATES. Wis
carolina Rice is probably the best i'm the world
d IL worth IN London, Is shillings or 81 so a SUI
T.. where India Rice is worth but 10 shillings me
81 5o- There IS no point TO which our plant out
pay more attention than TO the choice uf yarie- Wit
5, and the selection of seed, and to this is 10 ba in,
IInly attributed the gradual improvement which ths
E gram has acquired in their hands. No doubt. exa
o. something IL due to a happy adaptation Of
| ana climate TO Its wants. IL is n circumstance owe
rthy OF note. that both cotton and rice, each mic
ginating in India, and naturalized in our conn aim
, have here acquired an excellence of quality a g,
equailed anywhere else in the world. The the
ture OF rice IN the United States was commence of
almost by accident, Il French ship from NADIA nea
ear, driven by stress of weather into the bar- faId
OF charleston. HAVING hrnuuht tbsty,ar s.roo 49,
? :" IN the cooks bag" which was the first seed cred
red. This was in Holland in 1907 (onIv the
rteen years later) rice is mentioned in n nam acre
published In London, first, in a list of the two
important importatiOns from the Colony of live,
OA"'- Al thirty years from ITS introduction. uno
mn eAIoIt from the port of Charleston call:
aeariy 10000 casks. The expense of raising mer
SHaMly Proportlonate to the cost of the self,
d airecty or indirectly expended upon it, and the
49, y III our southern States is regu- then
d by the demand for it in the production of has
On as IN supplying this most valuable mate mias
~ ~ ni'ue0ufers OF Europe and our own This
ntry, we come much less in competition with then
II producers than in supplying articles of cont
Ohiy oe ProntiDIy cultivated for seer
zst under circumstances of extreme favor. of n
although thus restricted. the amount grown i, at
'AP las cohSihued 10 increase, and the slider
OF land devoted To the crop is being every the c
enlarged. chiLS
= A"e piah'' CFyS1 Sd'cd, lsa panicled grass, We're
ng some resemblance TO barley; il will grow tn n
et uinefent SOILS ana climates, rapidly them
S Ins - anu reproducing itself in wood
'Sei, 20 the new conditions in raj h,
d 1t may be placed. But it is naturally an nova
tic plant, and such varieties as are vet known wood
u'ui ~ natives OF the tropical regions, thrOu
y = - productive, require TO he cultivated cabin
80 Heat, u very aoundantly supplied with
moisture. In a temperate climate, there wood
ard IN ordinarily dry soils, although (up to two
point) the grain improves in quality. its them
lotion IS so small, that its cultivation is less sure v
A'iO '"tn that ol the cereals. There IL said tight.