The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1861-09-21

COlnppcmSc
teresed mediatons would be the chcf gamers At any
rate You may depend upona: that if the between
the North and South should continue but few months
longer, new actors will appear the scene who may
bring about catastrophe little dreamed Of at the
mencement Of the drama United America might defy
the world, but rent by internal faction she may yet
experience the fate OF Poland Quod Deus aue,lan
THE COTTON SUPPLY QUESTION IN ENGLAND.
>>~oO~>-~~.~~o~-.,.>~ol.~o.
The American Yicld-New Markets and
"Short Timc~-An Alarming Prospect
for the British Operatives and South
ern Slave Owners, Sc.
From the London Times, Sept. 81
The meetings Of the various sections of the British
Association OF Science commenced yesterday morning
eleven O'clock In Manchester.
The first section, A. devoted to tho Mathematical
and Physical Sciences, presided by Professor Arey
who delivered an address
In the section Of Economic Science and Statistics Lord
Mounteagle presided.
Mr.. BAILEY, NJ p, who was received with cheers,
sadA century ago the population of Manchester WAS
below 80 900, while 100000 persons reside in and
occupy it, AS centre Of business it influences and
tributes to the welfare and prosperity least of three
times this enormous of human beings but measured
by the increase of its material wealth. Importance
Of the place assumes an immense magnitude. Let us
inquire whence has arisen this vast congregation our
labor which surround this district To this brief cues
ton an almost equally brief reply may be offered.
The reward Of industry has been tho spell acting with
magic power upon handful of people, who have not only
rapidly increased their numbers who have been
Joined by the unemployed aborers from every part the
United Kingdom the prize being open to all shared
by ALL During tho last fifty years upwards of twenty
billion pounds weight of cotton from all sources have
been consumed in Great Britain and the value would be
probably not less than ESQ 900 sterling or might
equal sum OF the amount OF national debt the chief
supply having been obtained from the United State of
America. UpCn fair Communication ar f,at
MATERIAL which has so largely employed the capital and
labor Of this country, has yid profit Of not less thai,
900 600 sterling 10 Me people Of the United Kingdom
,cihn that period The wonder that so large supply
Of cotton could be procured from that source The
possesses monopoly Of the vast extent of territory
found in the whole world capable of producing this raw
material the Inference is most papable ta there has been
Sate Ameica ,vich has teess either ersr Contemplated
or rtised 'chite in British colonies and
and neglect haze prevailed If the Legislature had little
sympathy with tho great industry of Lancashire the in
terests Of our foreign possessions might have indeed our
rules to stimulate productions them which would have
found compromising markets home The advocates Of
large and independent supplies Of cotton from all
possible sources have never desired avors
their object having been to promote the removal of re-
pressing obstacles and TO procure by the aid Of sound
colonial policy at least fair share in proportion to the
extent OF our foreign Of only cotton but
Of every other product which they might abundant
y have yielded The repeal Of the Corn laws has given
this country the means OF obtaining it's supply OF food
from all the open markets OF the world; but mas.
much Great Britain holds the largest possess ions
capable OF producing cotton, there remains the
reproach, that possibly by foolish tsnures of land
by the lack of roads and public works, and by
difficulties which have surrounded immigration the
great home cotton industry has forced to rey upon
that field whence chiefly its supply of raw material
has been received During the last year consumption
o. cotton in Great Britain ,uas So cent from the United
Sates pei, cent from other FOREIGN sources and per cent
from British territory In the supply Of food from new
sources renewed activity and prosperity arose. and if
from twenty important fields Of cultivation instead
of mainly from field supply the cotton trade could
receive its supplies Of Its first element of existence thence
would arise renovated trade placed upon permanent
basis These new supplies Of cotton would paid for by
manufactures Of every Class, and increased employment
for home labor would be the result Tss present position
Of the trade IS most prcdrtous and dangerous. Ersting
stocks and prospective supplies Of cotton may enable thens
10 be worked into the spring Of nes year at moderately fuN
time; b0 cf1cds usess supplies he received fyops he
United States, imatNdes1 sources can onM furnish he
means Of keeping the !ls at york little than one DAY
n IN the ases of wv w ms roaa Of ais industry
and indirectly Dependent upon fr their Subsistence: and
the productveness of their capital and labor Including
the material for tho last year nearly 900 600
serings Of this large value f25 600 0C0 OF cotton m a
features absorbed in tho consumption o the people
of the United Kingdom and there remained for exporta-
ton $50 600 coo The estimated capital engaged in its
fixed and floating investments is f200 100000. Now
when we contemplate the vast interests involved in this
surprising trade seeing that the people employed and
connected with exceed the population the kingdom of
Belgium, of Holland and Of Portugal; that tho national
treasury receives from it amazing in aid of tho ey
penses of the State; that commercial marine of unpara
lecd magnitude derives support from it; that the com
and happiness of the laborers employed in il re inn
pered by any indications which threaten to- disturb is
existence and prosperity and that suspension or Sc
rous curtanent would even endangcr the general veal
may well inquire what efforts hive been made to ss
tain the usefulness prosperity and permanency of this
Of national riches. That vast an industry as
the cotton trade should depend upon foreign supplies of
its raw material may BIO deeply depored and ESPECIALLY
by those Of restricted benevoence who limit their kind
and charitable aspirations to their country when
recoect that 1t has pleased wise Providence to place
the people Of the various portions Of the earth need of
mutual support and in mutual dependence that the pro.
ducons of cline almost necessary to the nhabi
tantG OF another, the wisdom, vhic
has established the intercourse nations by the hiph.
ways OF the ocean, has by the laws of exchange
man the opportunity contributing the welfare Of his
fellow in distant regions, and by community of
interests in supplying each others wants. has impaired
knowledge Of the duties TO be performed to promote the
welfare Of the families of mankind Approaching the
tropics, find the home Of the cotton plant and
in the same regions have been placed the colorcd
would, if suddenly transferred, probably become extinct
but the negro, the Hndoo and the Chinese acclated
and by their abors can produce in abundance the fruits
which the warmer climates alone yield Shall there
fore the darkened races OF be hedn bondage that
the handsru of Caucasian tribes may enjoy the indu
gences fes Shall not rather both these races AFFORD
In common their contributions Of comfort that all may
ENJOY the plenty whica has been ordaneds That tn,
cotton trade should have rested chsy upon the sup
ply OF the states Of America for its very
erry good ana every cse has dIori, tut that pro-
most deeIess should Be he'd in The decrsa Ion Of siau1v
is dorat TO the feelings efMe righteous a tie kumanc
and: and Ss ssns sa e. n e. sgpio ,y gr
satisfactory that the froa.ceress Of tie Brt.A West
Indies has not been diminhed6y tie enaancpaoN of e
stdr but from that benevolent evil has tho
attempts to exngush the slave trade Through this
violent effort captive slaves extensively DESTROYED
ayod detection and II is feared that the living robberks
IN AFRICA remain undiminished, Spain being the eadinn
ana unenviabe spoer of the negro Most electuav
suppress slavery will be to supersede the necessity for
the labor of the slave and the chiefs Of Africa could be
pouced 70 cat'pate sugar, cotton and pcco upon their o,,
% they need not expel degrade their laborers Tho
coat Oh Great Britaas fleet to suppress slavery besides
the JOSS OF many valuable lives TO little less
IMAM Il oVVW sterling per annun. Probably half this
sum would offer as eGectual barrier TO slavery ne The
whole Of X; and the other half had BEEN or could be-
devoted in aio OF agricultural products negro labor the
vile system OF slavery might, by such course, be