davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Daily Nashville patriot. [volume] (Nashville, Tenn.) 1860-1862, 1861-06-23
SPALDING'S
CEPHALIC PILLS,
WILL CoNyINCE ALL WHO SUFFER FROM

WILL COSyISCE ALI. WHO SUFFER FROM
.HEADACHE,
SPEEDY AND SURE CURE
Is WITHIN THEIR REACH.
As these 7ssiontals soere unsolicited by Mr. srALDsa.
they afford tf,sQuesttoHdbIe proof Of the efficacy
Of thus truly scientific discovery
MAsosvIIIx, CONN.,, Feb. 5, 1851.
Sir:
Ihsve tried your Cephalic Pills, and Ike them so
toeU that want you TO send me two dollars worth
more.
Part of these are for the neighbors, whom gave
a few of the first box from you. Send the Pills
by mail, and oblige your obi servant,
JAMES KENNEDY
Mr.. SPALDNa. HAyEKFoRD, Pa, Feb. 6, 1861.
wish you to send me one more box of your Cephaic
Pills, kaue received great deal Of benefit from them.
MARY ANN sroIKHoUsE.
SPRUCE CREEK, HusrINoros Co., Pa,
- " oTAAoi1o. SeAooiy Ao3 4ooAs
You will please send me two boxes of your Co.
phalic Pills. Send them Immediately.
mo b. sIMoNs.
Isl haze used one boz Of your Pill,, and find
hem ezceQent.
BELLE vEEasos, Ono, Jan. Is, 1881.
Henry c. SFAIDIsG, ESQ
Please find enclosed twenty-five cents, for VIII Oh
send me another box your Cephaitc Pills. They are
truly the best / haze erer trted.
Direct A. SLOWER, p. NJ.
Belle Vernon, Wyandot Co., o
BEvEzLY, Mass, Dec IL, 1860.
wish or some circps g or large show bills to bring
your Cephalic Pills particularly before
mers. II you have anything u the kind, please send
One Of nay customer, who subject 70 severe Sick
Headache, Casually lasting "a osys LIS
attack III hour BY your Ill. which sent her
-... "'-iS'"--. - 81 WILKES.
RrYSo1p srRo, FRANKLIN Co., ONO, /
January Q, 1851. J
No as Cedar st n 2
Deer Sir.
Incosed find twenty ave cents (25,) for which send
box of "Cephslic Ps.' Send to address Of Rev. Wn-
G. Filler, Reyuoldsburg, Franklin Co, Ohio.
Pour Piiis sVoTk like a chdTHs-csTe Headache al
Daost snstaEteT. Truly yours, VIM. c. FILLER.
YFsuAs1I, hiioH, jan Ii, 1851.
NE. SPALDrsa.
Sir:
Not long since sent you for a box of Cephslic-
Pills for the Cure of the Nervous Headache and Costive
ness, and received the same, and they had good
effect that aods induced to send for more.
Please send by return mail Direct TO
A. r. WHEELER,
Ypsilanti, Mich.
Daily Nashville patriot. [volume] (Nashville, Tenn.) 1860-1862, 1861-06-23
MOFEAT'S
Life Pills and Phoenix Bitters.

TNHESE Medicines have now been before the public
Il for a period of THIRTY YEARS, and during
that time have maintained high character almost
every part of the Globe for their extraordinary and
immediate power Of restoring perfect health 70 per-
suffering under nearly every kind of disease to
which the human frame is liable.
The following among the distressing variety Of
hnx, "A 4 i'm rhi
Daily Nashville patriot. [volume] (Nashville, Tenn.) 1860-1862, 1861-06-23

sra single bottle of sPALDING's PREPARED GLUE
will save ten times its cost annualiy.-a
SPALDING'S PREPARED GLUEi
SPALDING'S PREPARED GLUE
SPALDING'S PREPARED GLUEl
SAvE TILE PIECES
ECONOMY DIsPATCHi
S7-"A STITCH n TIxz SAVES NDn."EA
As accidents ri happen even In well regulated fam
iies 1t is very desirable 70 have cheap and con-
venent way for repairing Furniture, Toys CEockery,
sPAlDING's PREPARED GLUE
meets al, such emergencies and household Of.
ford to be without il Il Is always resGy and up TO
be sticking point
"UsEFUL N EVERY BOISE"
MA Brush accompanies each Bottle. Price, %
censs Address,
rwr, nrkDu n eEnaE F.VS<4
Clearfield Republican. [volume] (Clearfield, Pa.) 1851-1937, 1861-04-17
The Presidents Proclamation.
SevenV-fve Thousand Militia Ordered Out-An
Extra Session of Congress Called.

Extra Session of Congress Called.
Wherea5, the laws of the United State,
have for some time past, and now are, op
posed, and the execution thereof obs:ruc
ted in The States of South Carolina, Geor
gia, Alabama, Florida, Mississippi, Louis
lana and Texas, by combinations toe
'poSerful to be suppressed by the ordina-
ry course ofjudical proceedings, or by
the powers vested in the Marshals by
law:
Now, therefore. /, ABRAHAM LINCOLN
President of the United States, in virtue
OF the power in me vested by the consti-
tuition ard laws, have thought tit TO call
forth, the militia of the several States OF
the Union to the aggregate number ol
seventy..fpe houSand, in order to suppress
said examinations, and to cause the lows
to be duly executed.
The details for this object will be imme.
diately communicated to the State au-
thorities through the War Department.. |
appeal to all loyal citizens to favor facil.
itate aud aid this effort to maintain the
honor, the integrity, and the existence of
our national Union and the perpetuity OF
popular government, and to redress wrongs
long enough endured.
deem Il prcpcr to say that Tie first service
assigned % the forces Hereby called forth yill
probably Be 10 repoSScsS The forts, places md
property Uhich hare been seized from the Union !;
and in every event the utmost care will
be observed, consistently with the objects
aforesaid, to avoid any destruction of or
interference with, property, or any d s.
turbance of peaceful citizens in any part
Of the country; and hereby command
, sne persons composing the combinations
ea'oIess'u 70 disperse and retire peaceably
J 70 'ne,r resi- ect'ye abodes within twenty
days rom this date.
Dseming that the present condition of
~Puonc anairs present an extraordinary
occasion, do hereby, in virtue of the
power in me vested by the Constitution
convene both Houses Of Congress ''''"'
The Senators and Representative oro
therefore summoned to assemble nj thn;o
achambers at twelve o'clock. noor '''o,I
y Thursday the fourth day Of Julv no., ~
p hen and there TO consider and detern1inh
uch measures as, in their wisdom tho
4 .'ublic safety and interest may may seem
4 o demand.
II In witness whereof have hereunto set
siny hand aud caused the seal af the Uni
y ed States to be affixed
Done at the city of Washington, this ff-I
W teenth day of April. in the year of our
LORD one thousand eight hundred and
nx'y,one, and Of the independence of
y 'ne United States the eighty.fth.
~ ABRAHAM LINCOLN.
~" a. SEWARD. Secrtary Of State.
Clearfield Republican. [volume] (Clearfield, Pa.) 1851-1937, 1861-04-17

f;~ See tcIdt the Peopic, Prcss dG9 Dcaic-s say.
HENRY X. COSTAR.-All the summer
have been troubled with toaches and Mice.
was actually ashamed of the house, for the Roach.
es were everywhere, purchased b OF Of your
Exterminator and tried it, and in one week there
vas not Roach or Mouse in the house.
JoHS b. GIvENs No, % Elm street
HOUSfkEEPERS - troubled with vermin,
need be so no longer if they use "Costar's" EI-
tcrminntors. We have used il to our satisfaction
and if a box cost S. We would have il. We had
tried poisons, but they effected nothing; but
CosTAR's article knocks the breath out of Rats,
Mice and Bed Bugs, quicker than We can write
it 1t is in great demand all over the county
NediHo [O.l GaIette.
MORE GRAIN and provisions nre destr, yed
annually in Grant county by vermin. than would
pay for tons of this Rat and Insect killcr.-LGn-
custer Ri..i Herald
HENRY r. COSTAR--YOur EItcrminator is
received, used, and pronounced a dccided~uc-
cess We used n box oft, and the way the Rats
and Mice around our premises "raiscd Ned" that
uight was a caution 10 sloepers. Since not Rat
or Mouse has been heard in garret or cellar
Nugregor Iora Times.
| HAVE BEEN SELLING--Your Extermina-
tor for the last year, and have found it sure
shot every time. | have not known it to fail in
q single instance"
GEO. RosE, Cardington, o.
We ARE SELLlNG-Iour preparations rap
idly, and wherever they have been us cd, Rats,
Mice, Ronches, and Vernin disappear immedi-
itoly
EcKEH L SrorrFER, Dr.g N Windsor, Nd.
Clearfield Republican. [volume] (Clearfield, Pa.) 1851-1937, 1861-04-17
CHARLES W. ROWLAND.
Wilmington, Del.
THRILLING WORKS
WORkS-Just issued from
l. the Mammoth Publishing House and orig
inal Giit Book establishment of GEORGE g.
EVANS, 439 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia.
"Libcrty and Union, Now and Forever, Ono and
lnseperable, One Country, One C,n-
sttution, One Destiny"

Liberty and Union, Now and Fforever, Ono ant
Inseperable, One Country, One C,n-
'titution, One Destiny"
THE UNION TEXT BOOK!
A work demanded by the times, Containing
Selections from the writings of that USrttycu
ING STATESMAN and TRuE PATRIor, DANIEL
WEBSTER.
Also, the Declaration of Independence tn,
Constitution Of the United States and Washing
tons Farewell Address with copious indexes.
For the higher classes OF Educational Institu
uons and for home reading. Large ~ mo-, with
a Beautiful Steel Portrait of Webster. Price
81 90. Accompanied with a handsome off
worth from so cents to 500.
"The Union Text Book" is a volume of nover.
ful interest for the present times. Its suh;ect
Its authors, its style, accuracy and fulness emit
tie 1t to universal acceptance! Every Merchant
should have it Every Mechanic should hawai-,
Every Lawyer, Physician, Politician and Patriot
sh 'uld have it In fact, Every Body, whether
Man, Woman or Child-whethsr of the North
South, East or West, should send for n copv Of
this-one of the most needed and accepioble
Books ever submitted to the notice of the Amer
lean public,
J1ss- The preservation of the Constitutional
Text Book to the people of the United States
certainly needs no apology, for il contains tho
Fundamental Law of our country, with an intro
duction selected from the writings of him who
has justly been termed the "Expoundcr and De-
fendor of the Constitution" In making the So
lections from the writings of Mr.. Webster, great
c're has been taken to select such parts as NAV
be considered National, and which will tend 70
strengthen the opinions of the old and TO i'm
pr SIS the young with A Love of Country, A Ven
Grafton for the Constitution, A Respect for the
Momory of the Great and good Men who Found
ed our Republic, and who have passed away, a
tervent attachment to the Union, to Liberty, to
Peace, TO Order and to Law, and will also teach
lessons of Wisdom, of Morality, and cf Religion.
AS a Class Book, this volume is most valuable,
and when used as such, the instructor will readi.
y find in the indexes suggestions for all the
questions necessary to be asked, and the answers
Of the students should always be in the exact
words of the text. Address all orders to
GEORGE G. EVANS.
Publisher 4S9 Chestnut St., Phili da.
Clearfield Republican. [volume] (Clearfield, Pa.) 1851-1937, 1861-04-17

II leIIs iou how to choose all kinds of Meats
fouitry, and Game, with all the variou'
ana most approved modes of dressing
and cooking Beef aud Pork; also TIL
best ind simplest way of sailing, nick
ling and curing the same.
It Tells You all the various and most approved
modes OF dressing, cooking, and bonine
Mutton, Lamb, Veal, Poultry, and
Game of all kinds, with the different
Dressings, Gravies, and stufHnss appro-
pirate to each.
Tells You how to choose, clean, and presorvs
Fish of all kinds, and how to sweetcn Il
when tainted also all the various and
most approved modes Of cooking, with
the different Dressings, Sauces, and
Flavoring appropriate to each.
1t Tells You all the various and most approved
modes of preparing over fifty different
klhus OF Meat Fish, Fowl, Game, and
Vegetable Soups, Broths, and Stews,
with the Relishes and Seasoninps an
prOpriate to each.
II Tells You all the various and most onrro-o+
modes of cooking Vegetables Of evcry
description, also hcw to prepare Pick.
les, Catsups and Curries of nil kinds.
Potted Meats, Fish, Game, Mushy
rooms, &c.
1t Tells You all the various and most annrovoJ
modes ofprepnrng and cooking ali kind,
OF Plain and Fancy Pastry. Puddnrs,.
omelettes, Frittcrs, Cakes Confection.
cry, Preserves, Jolles and Sweet Dish
cs Of every description.
1t Tells You all the various and most PpnroveT
modes ofmaking Bread, Rusks MuHiips,
and Biscuit the best method Of prcna.
ring Coffee, Chocolate, and Tea, and
how to make Syrups, Curdials, and
Wines of various kinds.
II Tells You how 20 set out an ornamental tn.
bic, how to Carve all kinds of Fish,
Flesh or Fowl, ald in short, how 10 40
simplify the whole Art of Cooking as To-
bring the choicest luxurics Of the tabls
within everybodys reach.
Th' book contains AS pages, and upwnrd, Of
we've hundred Recipes, all ofwhch are the rs-
suits OF actual experience, having been fully and
carefully tested under the personal superinten.
ience of the writer's 1t is printed in cleor and
Ipen type, is illustrated with appropriate ehgro.
iihgs, and will be forwarded to any address
realty bound, ndpostage paid, on recent ofth
'rl, u ,OO, or in cloth, extra, SLIPS.
$1,000 YEAR can be made bv 6nternrf
Ang men everywhere in selling the above work
'nT inducements to all such being very liberal.
For single copies of the Book, or for terms to
lress JOHN r p0TTFR brbI;sLa.
No. 6l7 SAMSON Street, Philadelphia, Pa.
December IL, 1860. emo.
Clearfield Republican. [volume] (Clearfield, Pa.) 1851-1937, 1861-04-17
Publisher, 4S9 Chestnut St., Phil da.
Also, new ready.


THE ROMANCE OF THE REYOLUTTcN
A volume that will thrill the soul of ever,
true son Of liberty Being a History of the Per.
sonal Adventures, Romantic Incidents and Ex.
plots incidental to the War of Independenco
Superbly illustrated. Large l2mo. Price 81 o.
accompanied with beautiful Gift wor'h from
SO cents to 500.
"The Romance Of the Revolution" is n work
that should be found at the freside of every
American Freeman II is peculiarly acceptabIe
Mt the present Juntture 10 our National affairs
portraying as 1t does the remarkable heroism. the
noble impulses, and the wisdom and sterlinc In
tegrity Of the immortal WASHINGTON and his
gallant compatriots, while struggling for the
achievement of our National independence. in
these "times that tried mems souls"-the davs
Of '76.
A copy of either Of the above mentioned works
together with handsome present, ranging in
value from so cents to $4,000, will be sent IN
any person in .he United States who will remit
us tie price, and twenty -one cents additional.
fer postage. Bear in mind that to every purcha
ser of book TO the amount of 81 90 or more, we
give choice gift, selected from an extensive and
varied assortment Of Gold and Silver Watches
Silver Plated Ware. Jewelry, Silk Dress Patterns
etc all Of tho newest Styles and best monufoc
not less than 80 cents, and possiblv
s 000l
AGENTS WANTED EVERYWHERE.
Send for a complete classified Catalogue. oropr
own and others Publications, which will he
mailed to you free OF expense, make your selec-
lions, and be convinced that the most Liberal
Reliable, and Enterprising Establishment in Tho
,ountry to buy books is at the Original and pom
liar Gif. Book Emporium of
GEORGE G. EVANS,
dS9 Che'tnat Street, Philadelphia.
March 20, 1861. At.
Clearfield Republican. [volume] (Clearfield, Pa.) 1851-1937, 1861-04-17
rnar2O-6t

EXECUT0RS' NoTICE.-Lettcrs testamen-
IL tnry having this day been granted to the un
dcrsigned on tho estate of JAMES REA, ST. late
of Jordan township, CCarfeld county, decd
all person knowing themselves indebted to said
estate are requested to make immediate payment,
and those having claims against it will present
them duly authenticated for settlement.
ROBERT REA.
JAMES REA,jr.
TlCS. REA,
March 81, 1861 Executors.
Clearfield Republican. [volume] (Clearfield, Pa.) 1851-1937, 1861-04-17
USE ONLY

"Costar's' Rat, Roach, dc. Exterminotor.
"Costar's' Bed. Bug Exterminator.
''Costar's" Electric Powder for Insects, &c.
IN IS, SOC, AND 81 Boxes, BOTTLES 4 FLAsKs.
81 AND IS SIZES PoR PLANTATIONS.
SHIPs, BoATs, HOTELS, DC.
Clearfield Republican. [volume] (Clearfield, Pa.) 1851-1937, 1861-04-17

To De'troy-Rats, Reaches, he.
To Dc'troy--M Mice. Mole', &c.
To Dr,troy--Bed Bugs.
To Destroy-Moths, Fleas, Ants, &c.
To Destroy Mosquitoes.
TO Destroy--Insects en- Plants and Fowls.
70 De'roy-Insccts on Animals, &c.
To De',roy--Erery form and specie, Of Vsrmn
Clearfield Republican. [volume] (Clearfield, Pa.) 1851-1937, 1861-04-17

tUTION.-All persons ar6 hereby caution.
~ Cd against purchasing or meddiinr with
a certain 1OkE Of OXEN, now in tho posses
sion ol =. d. IHBBs, as the same belong, ,o me -,
:, GEORGE E. TUBBs.
Ferguson tp., March 20, 1861 II.
Clearfield Republican. [volume] (Clearfield, Pa.) 1851-1937, 1861-04-17

NJ Tho Legislature Of Missouri has
juG passed. an act instituiing the death
penalty, for stealing either. horses OF,
negro slaves.
Clearfield Republican. [volume] (Clearfield, Pa.) 1851-1937, 1861-04-17

% t;;:s ty;;n:s11Ihis morning REBEccA, wife Of
.Svrs % onafiner of Lawrence township, OF
Clearfield Republican. [volume] (Clearfield, Pa.) 1851-1937, 1861-04-17

Gs~NoTICE.-An Appeal will Se held on the
9TH day of MAY next at the CommiOnioner's
Office, in Clearhed borough when and where all
who feel themselves agrieved by the above Ap-
prai'ement. can attend If they see proper.
Z. n. LIvBRG00D,
aprS-4t Mercantile Apprdiser
Clearfield Republican. [volume] (Clearfield, Pa.) 1851-1937, 1861-04-17
N EW DRUG STORE

y IL w DIX y u . ~ IL Il
The subscribers nave opened n full and com
plete assortment Of DRUGS in the new brick
building of DR.. Woods, on the corner of Locust
and Cherry streets, in the borough of Clonrncld,
where they will he happy to accommodate any
person who may desire articles in their line. The
business will be confined strictly ton
Drug and Prescription Business,
And pains will beSpared to render satisfaction.
DR.. NJ. WooDs. the Junior partner, may always
be found and consulted in the "Drug Store,
when not absent on professional business. A
separate room for consultation is attached to the
store, whore patients may he examined privately.
Every article usually found in such an estab-
Iishment will bekept on hand, and sold at greatly
reduced prices.
TERMS BEING STRICTLY CASH, will enable them
to offer inducements in the way of prices
Physicians will be supplied nt n small per
centnge over cost and carriage and their orders
arc solicited. Every article sold will be pur. and
of the best quality.
fcb6-tf WOODS & BARRETT
TN L. RITISH VIEWS
Il AND
BLACKW WOODS MAGAZINE.
THE LONDON QUARTERLY,
(COnservative)
2-THE EDINBURGH REVIEW,
(TOry.)
3-THE NORTH BRITISH REVIEW,
(Fr church,
THE WESTMINSTER REVIEW,
(Lberal)
(Tory.)
TER MS. Per annum.
For any one Of the four Reviews, 81 90
For any two Of the four Reviews, 90 !
For any three Of the four Reviews. 90 |
For all four of the Reviews, 90
For Blackwood's Magazine, 90
For Blnckwood and one Review, 90
For BackwOOd and two Reviews. 90 |
For BlackwoOd and three Reviews, Q 90 |
For Bn0kwood and the four Reviews, 10 90 |
N. B-The price in Great Britain for the five
Penodicals aboye-named is S3l per annum
Republished by
LEONARD SCOTT 4 Co.,
mariJ-bm 81 Gold Street, New York, |
Clearfield Republican. [volume] (Clearfield, Pa.) 1851-1937, 1861-04-17
THE EPEoPLE,s COOK NOOK:

MODERN COOKERY,
IN all ITS branches. by Miss ELIZA Acros.
Care FULLY Revised by Mrs, S, J. HALE.
Clearfield Republican. [volume] (Clearfield, Pa.) 1851-1937, 1861-04-17
March q. 1861

IsT OF RETAILERS of foreign and
IL domestic Merchandise in Clenrfeld County,
for the year 1861, subject to toe payment Of
Clearfield Republican. [volume] (Clearfield, Pa.) 1851-1937, 1861-04-17
GSt tlt,r6dS RpubIttan

- ..a...- = -st.ss,. --...--s '-s--a.
6bt Gltor6d0 Npublltan
wv
wtpNwpW ArRl ~. lsol
A. The "Clcnr6cld Republican odlcc
M. bt,, removed to the office Formerly
occurici By r. J. Mccullough, Esq, on
Mn.lci SrccLopposilc r. No s1ps store,
M Tho Legislature Of Missouri ha,
jus. passed. an act institutng the death
pennlty, for stealing either. horses or,
negro slaves
SroRE RoBDED, ,--Wc learn that the store
off A. Irwin, at Curwensyille, was enter,
cd ea, ly on the morning of tho 18th inst.
and of several articles Of dry goods,
and, report says, some cash Our friend,
Joseph Showers, was sleeping in the store
at the time but the burglars very prus
IDENTIFY failed to arouse him
WIDE AWAKE CArEs.-We thought that
these articles were only intended to dis
tinguish the irrepressibes " from their
fellow mortals, during the la.e campaign,
but upon visiting the rivera day or two
ago, we observed one pu: to a much bets
ter use, by Shielding !he shoulders of n
hardy raftman from the peltings of the
If lnI hnpn -,
strumental causing the mischief from
which tho country is now suffering, we
would be happy to recommend them TO
all our rafting friends,
ORR CONGRESSIONAL DlsTRIcT-By the
new apportionment bill as reported in our
Legislature, the 9th, or "Wld Cat"
District, is about being transposed into
the 18th, by striking out Venango and
Clarion counties, and substituting Erie,
which, as a Republican remarked, was to
make it perfectly safe for them.
From the lower end OF Cameron county
10 the Ohio line, covers about half the
length Of the whole State, and from the
Cambria courty line to the New York
line, covers over one half the width of
the State. From the pondcrous size Of
the district it might be justly termed the
Elephant district, but its shape more fifty |
suggests the name of Dromedary.
RArriNG.-The late rains have given
our Lumbermen a capital opportunity of
getting to market. During Sunday and /
Monday all our numbering streams were
unusually high, and the river is still in
good rafting order to day. A great des.
trrcticn of Lumber has taken place be- .
tween this place and the foot o! the .
falls, caused by the great amount of lum-
Der ahoat, somctimes four and five RATS
sta,in at once, most Of which will be
total loss.
We heard M cid Pilot remark, tha.
there was more lumber s:aved on Mon.
day alone, than was ever known before in
one whole season.
BY the latest accounts we have from
below. sales were made At Lock Ila-
ven at from four and half to seven and a
half for pine and oak according to quality
and that at Middletown, Marietta, and
other eastern markets nothing is doing
by way of salcs-buycrs are holding of,
q large run of umlcr.
Clearfield Republican. [volume] (Clearfield, Pa.) 1851-1937, 1861-04-17

SroRE RoBnED. .--Wc learn that the store
off A. Irwin, at Curwensville, was enter,
cd ea,ly on the morning of tho 18th inst
and robbei of several articles Of dry goods
and, report says, some cash Our friend,
Joseph Showers, was sleeping in the store
at the time, but the burglars very prus
IDENTITY failed to arouse him
Clearfield Republican. [volume] (Clearfield, Pa.) 1851-1937, 1861-04-17
YwtpNrpAy ArHn li lml

~ The oClcudcld Republican olllco
M. bt,, removed to the office Formerly
By r. J. Mccullough, E'q, on
Ma,lci StrccLopposilc q. No s,ps store,
Clearfield Republican. [volume] (Clearfield, Pa.) 1851-1937, 1861-04-17

.5S~ Sold Erery,Ohere--by
All WHOLESALE DRUGGrsrs in large cities.
All RETAIL DRUGGIsTs-GRocEns-S
ERS, DC, in all Country Villages and Tow ms