Grant County herald. [volume] (Lancaster, Wis.) 1850-1968, 1861-01-17

tending any State; III securing the liberty
IF any State, and its general ware; that
the States should assist each other against
all force offered, not to the people, but To
the State; against all attacks made upon
the States, and not against attacks made
upon the people, on account Of religion,
,overeignty Of the states-not sovereignty
f the people; trade Of tie States-not
attacks upon the trade Of the people. The
league was, in other words, to protect the
States in the enjoyment Of their rights as
such, and to protect State sovereignty, 50
far as the States were sovereign, without
regard to the rights Of the people them
selves, which were solely to be determined,
except in few enumerated eases, by the
government Of the several States themselves.
| 1t was compact between several sovereign
powers, virtually distinct from each other,
made for certain specified purposes, and t
MD each other in The exercise of their sew
eral prerogatiyes as independent States.
The people, strictly, did not make it.
The statesmen Of that day, satisfied that
that species Of government must ultimately
prove a failure TO very great degree, de-
vised a new system, which, while it retained
few of tie features Of the Confederation,
40 far as the limited independence Of the
States was concerned, WAS materially diff
lferent; particularly in that TIE people them
selpes, as a people, instead OF States, be
cane PARTIES to it. a league Of States was
turned into government Of tie people
It was necessarily made to embrace great
variety Of particulars, in order TO accommo-
date the interests, or opinions Of interests
lof The States whose several peoples became
par. les to it,and tinyolyed the necessity Of a
spiri Of accommodation to the reasonable
expectations Of the people, and Of molding
land arranging the particulars which com
posed the whole in a manner to satisfy, SO
Far as possible, all the parties to it. 1t was
4 made, not fol the benefit Of any State; to
crafty any whim, caprice, or passion; to
i pander to any local influence, OF to protect
Or foster any local interest,
In Il 6 one case, the States made the
PARTICLES Of Confederation for the States
themselves. In the other case, the people
iof the United States ordained and estab-
hshed our present Constitution, "for tie
4 United States Of America."
4 In the one case, the States entered into
a league Of friendship with each other, fol
their common defense, the security Of theil
Liberties, their mutual and general welfare
binding themselves to assist each against all
force Offered to OF attacks made upon
them, dc.
In the other case, 1.-THE people Of the
United States, in order to form q more
perfect Union, establish justice, ensure do
nestle tranquility provide for the common
defense, promote the general welfare, and
secure the blessings Of liberty to themselves
and their postcrity, ordained and established
this Constitution, for the United States OF
/ America"
Here are The different purposes ayowed
i. the organization of the two systems Of
government. One looking particularly to
! the benefit and interest Of the States, and
the Other more to the projection Of the
rights Of The people. Under the new sys-
tenn, the people delegated certain powers,
by the Constitution, particularly en- nera-
ted, to be sclel, exercised by tho General
Government Of the United States. AT the
same time they declared that " the emu
meration in the Constitution, Of certain
rights, should not be construed to deny or
disparage others retained by the people; !"
also that the powers not delegated to the
United States by the Constitution nor pro
hibited by it, to the States, are reserved to
the States respectively or to the people"
How are absolute grants and positive
reservations, with the clear declaration that
by tie enumeration of certain rights in the
Constitution conferred upon General
Government, there should be no construc-
ton that they denied or ,lisparaged any Of
the rights not enumerated, but retained by
them. While they gave up certain rights
and conferred or delegated certain powers,
! they did not give up all, nor did they in set
terms reserve all that were reserved, but in
their delegation and reservation assumed
that there were other rights than those
enumerated, which were not to be denied
I or disparaged, the same being retained by
the people themselves. So the powers
held, and to be exercised, by what we call
1.-The General Government, are only those
expressly delegated, or such implied powers
As become absolutely necessary to be used
in the exercise of delegated powers. The
government takes nothing but what the
Constitution gives it and the States respec-
lively, and the people part with nothing
lose nothing but what they have IN express
terms given away. The United States are
sovereign and independent in the exercise
of delegated powers, and the States and the
people sovereign and independent in the
exercise of all reserved and non-enumerated
powers Of government. The government
Of each State belongs to the people Of that
State The government Of the United
States belongs to the people Of the United
States. The people Of each State may
mold and control the civil and political
institutions pertaining peculiarly to itself,
and SO long as they do not act in conflict
With the Constitution of the United States,
may change their systems as they please,
i without consulting the General Govern