New-York daily tribune. [volume] (New-York [N.Y.]) 1842-1866, 1861-09-01

Professor Faraday never elsdalhs 10 Drlbg MS
annie stores Of knowledge to the eucidaton oil
scientific subjects, in a manner adapted even 10
tia bumblest capacities. The little volume before
us contains q series OF lectures delivered before
a Juvenile auditory at the Royal Institution oil
Great Britain during the last Christmas holidays
and without any apparept effort to come down
to the level of biz young hearers the professor
diseOurses on his heney theme with no loss STU
plici.y and clearDess Of statement, than sP'n.''
and beauty of illustration In the first place no
informs bis listening group of calow philosopher
WHAT CANDLES ARE MADE OF.
And now, nv boys and girls must first tell yoa OF
what candles made. some are Leas $50 mar.
Ihsve here come bits OF timber DrsncneS Sa yor 90.
tculary famous for their burning. ana ngls ON, ~
a nieoe of that very curious substance, Hneu wy VI
soe Of the boys in Ireland called so 800
hard strong excellent wood evdentiy n,'cI ~, 49,
work as register of force, and yet, Wl.na
40 well tbst where il found they make SPLINTER. OF
e. and torches since it burns like csnaie, anu {es
very good light indeed. And in thiS Wool we nave
one ~ the most beautiful illustrations OF the general
nafure At q candle that possibly give The fuel
provfded the means OF bringing that fuel 70 the place
Of chemical action the regular and eraouai supply OF
cir to shst place Of action-nest and hght-al pro
SucsS by Ittle piece Of wood Of this kind, forming
In fact. natural candle.
Rnt We must speak of candles as they are in COM
MERGE Here a couple Of candles commonly called
dus They are made of lengths Of cotton cut of,
hung up by loop, dipped intO melted tailow, taken
out again and COOL d. then redpled, until there Is an
accumulation of tallow round the cotton. III order
that you may have desOf the various characters OF
these candies You see these which hold in my hand
they very small aud very curious lhey are or
were the caidles ueed by the miners in coal mines
In olden times the mner had TO hnd his OWL CANDIES
and was supposed tina. small candle would not 30
soon act fire TO the fre-damp in the coal mines 81
large one; and for that reason as well ss for econo-
mys sake be had candles made OF this sort-twenty,
thirty FORTY OF tixiy to the pound They have been
replaced since then by the steelmil, and then the
Dsvy lamp and ether ssfety lamps o! various Kinds
have here candle that wns taken out OF the Royal
George, il is sad, by Colonel Paisley. II has been
sunk n the sea for many years subject to the action
of salt wster. 1t shows you how well candles may
be preserved; for, though 1t is cracked about and
broken good deal yet when lighted !. goes on purn
ing regularly and he talow resumes It's natural con-
dition az g. it Is fused. ,
Mr. Field Of Lambeth has supplied me abundantly
with beautiful illustrations of the candle and its mate
rails: / shall therefore, now refer TO them. Ana
frat tbere il tue suetthe fat Of the Ox-hustlsn tai
low, believe, employed in ahe manufacture OF these
Dips which GayL usslc, or some one VINO intrutte1
substance, stearn which you zee lying beside It.
candle you know, is not now greasy thing IKE an
ordinary tallow candle, but clean thing, and yon
nav almost scrape on and pulverze the drops which
fll from Il without soiliug anything. This 10 the pro
cess he adopted The fat or talow Is first boiled with
uuc. m9 aud made into soap, end then lhe soap 10
by sulDhuIlc dclG, winch tAkeb away thc
limo and leaves tie fat rearrsnged - stcarie ACID,
willis quantity Of gl Germ Is produced at the sSue
kime. Overwhelmingly sugar, OF substance
similar to susaI-coue. Out OF Tue tso" 10 va;
Won see here this rees Of pressed eaSes showing now
beautifully the Impurities are carried eus oy ,le oiy
part the pressure goes on an a css ntS
ranSea "a here represented. The candle nave IN my
md iss stearin candle, made OF stearn from tsio"
I'm the way have told you. linen neIs 70 ~ sleIn
scsti Whale Here, also are yellow beeswax and re
6ned beesyax, from which candles are made here
too La that eurous substance called piEsne and IONS
nsrsgine candles, mace from parai'ine obtained fon
Inc bogs of Ireland. have here, also, substance
brought from japan since we have forced an tnr1nc,
into that oui-ofthe-way plsce-a sort of wax wbii
kind friend has sent me, and which forms new ma
terlal for the manufacture OF candies
Tie next question: and one which Profssso
Earsday satisfactorily answers, is
HOW CANDLES ARE ARE MADE.
have told you about dips, and will show 70
~ how m0ids are made. Let us imagine any Of thes
candles to be made of materials which can be cas-
Cast you say. "Why, candle is a thin
You can cast It." Not 60 1t ia wonderful, Il
che progress Of manufacture, and in the eonsd
Grafton Of the means bet fitted TO produce th,
required result, how things turn up which on,
would not expect beforehand Candles can not AWAY
DO cast, wax candle never be cast 1t Is mad,
BY particular process which can illustrate in min
uee or TWO, out musk not spend much time on IL
Wax is thing which, burning 90 well, and melting g
easily In candle, cannot be cast. However let u
tGke material thst be cast Here is frame
with number of mods fastened in it. The first tbiue
TO be done 10 put wick through them. Hereis ons
IA plated wick, which does not require snuffng-
supported by little wire. 1t goes 70 the bottom
where it Is pegged IN the little peg holding the cot
ton tight and stopping the aperture that nothing
fnid shall out. At the upper part there il l,itis
bar placed scss which stretches the cotton and hold
il In the mold The tallow IL then melted, and Oh,
tAa Had awfOtn H.
molds cool, the excess Of talow Ia poured off q
ono corner and thoS cleaned OFF altogether, and tn,
Gods OF the wick cut away, The candles alone tber
remain in the mold, and you have only upset them
~ am doing when out they tumble, for the candle,
are made In the form OF cones being narrower at The
top than the bottom; that what with their form
aud their own shrinking they only need little shaking
end out they fall. In the same way made these
candles Of stesrin and OF parsfhne 1t is curious
hing TO see how candles made. lot of cot.
tone hung upon frames, you here and cover.
Cd with metal tags at the ends keep the wax from
covering the cotton in those places These carried
70 heater, whore the is melted AS you see, the
frames can turn rounds and, as they turn takes
avsssol Of wax and pours il first down one, and then
the next, and the next, aud When be has gone
once round II 1t Is sufficiently cool be gives The fret
second coat, ana 40 on until they are all Of the
quired thickness. When they have been thus clothed
fed or made up to that thickness they are taken of
and placed elsewhere. i have here by the kindpe "a
Of Mr.. Field, several specimens OF these candles
Here is ouly half finished They are then taken
down and well rolled upon fine stone slab and the
conicsl Top Is nodded oy properly shaped tubes, AID
the bottoms cut Cd and triTmed. This l. done 20 b. ar
tifuly that they make candles in ttis way weigh
ing exactly four or six to the pound any number bv
please.
The great mystery Of candle is the way in
ohich tina anlid rnaftar of rzb;ch oous;st, Z.