davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
New-York daily tribune., 1861-06-24
Markets. . Reported Iv Teisgrdp1

CHcAeo June 2.-PLouK arm wpEar l02c. higher sslss
al 64d Sc. for No 5ld52c for No Ia u lee
tive a3c. for Mixed IN OATS i lghsr RscgIpz-
a7c bbi Flour ST. 60 bush Whe oi GEO ush Corn. smir.
.Ksf-lAeos 5: S5 siOu, 1900 bu.h Whsst i;eo ossA
Corn Far aHTs quiet s &C. Wheat to Buffalo EIoaAsss
o Eow-Y unchanged.
ALBAsr. June %, l8l.-FLouR dull. WRgaf. ssless
CORs IN good dem,pd and sSss roo b1.h. Wsse
Mixed TO arrive, &c 0AIs duh ut 52d5i for Chhzss
sses 10 600 bush NHIsgr l6tc RECEIVE BY Ceua Rail
road for Boston snd East las bbs Fhur 90 bb What;
New York 5259 bell Flour. lll ssct Wheat 50 bba VIII
sy y bbs Pok. eaIPPED per t0vs to NewYok June =,
snc bu,h Coru, $50 bu.h Rye 1880 bu.h Wheat uss
bush. TIA g. 90 bash. Feed
juno Bilious unobsns s-d with modee ieBsAA;
Of % jbs IS for fancy brsnds WHEAT quiet sSes o.
3Coe Bushels No. Chcsg, Spring on Pivate terms Cass
nominal CAsAL FRkISHTs bnD-r butun.hsr ged Flou ~
MEest and Corn 7c 10 NewyoIk LANg IHPoRIs 3A bske
Flnur 1909 bush Wheat % 600 Oush. Corr 30 $50 bgs 0sA
CArAl ExPoaT icoo bcs Flour, " 90 busa. whest ko
bush Corn.
New-York daily tribune., 1861-06-24
Marine JOURNAL
PORT OF NEW-YoaK........JrsB =:
Arrived.

Arrived.
Steamship Bremen CBreueul, Vessels Bremen June sf
Southampton l2tn ndse and l2J psts. 20 Oelrchs CO.
sAip ind.or Fore" of B..ah Sani. LiyerpC,l Aehi
"s.S ID Ken w %Ss On JUNE $ a. poss
oa New Orleans for Csdis who gf,tned Capt, Curt. 3 u
Cape Siod. was company ri;i ip Ths,i, GBr Dom S
o SI hssSs ~ Hon. or Ga Z. .sn.s for sn
d.y,ou. Gee Dsy. eo1,on
Is pa. s q s soH Co IN a ,sS :. and oa e. ': |
number Of crberg had light westerly wnds Of tho
s s.pi. us for ronsd ss poss p ss as
(B srnen) hence for Bremen. IL days out
Road day.. sasnc to B~rin lo. ve.eito O. Bassy We
bound harton Rosd' Os orders and y" ordered Of b s'
Baisstag Young America Collin. Havana 10 days,
Bd; yotn fIe.%.n aof po.t:u, Lotns rsls,%o ., sg.
o lat 3s lon o. d.. Wave (whaer Ofsss
Bedfod 10 month. out, with 200 bbl. sperm oil li'h a ~
Kris FeiaI toi Bsltm%e ClayPOr sano: May IT, COTE
% ao: D. GsS' 4, Sc as os.
Welsh, hence for =, ThO.., all well v.,. Inn, IA
s cs.s. a. neI' TnDs s e WS Sailed in con
pay With bark H.nI, Buck. Griaen. for LondOn
to Wash Carver Chase Jeno a. i. s lon 70 IS spsAs
:chr, M.the, Q, and for Boston % IRON .. Domingo
D. q Murray. SEIZED win the brig Franoon 's
Shs annie q 3 ssd c,nsssS. fSE SSSS Is d., .o
Big Dsurusk of Bo..ou stsps ccufuesO' % days. 'as
sehr Moaernma (of Brookhsvenl. Penoy Bermuda dgt
u ballast 70 June q 81 birnek en win sna
Ia tow schr Moses O. Leonard. from philadelphia Tor Mss
With los. Of msnmssr and s; teed her for tao bcan
he po,bosi Mary 4. Fish mo- to her aSsistsscs ~
t,oa her Ia vi brius her % this port A. Ca ,-uA
schr Mary O. Leopsj, Leavi'', Phstcphis foI osco
coal June Fl at 10 D. n In siusn from W. carried ssy
msinma,t, broke main ssa spt fore:s acd !" sh aSo
taken in tow W on ssrs.ss: j.. y r R''0''' Mary
AIS ,o1SsS Rosst, Diep saSw Cenfuess dsy sugar
"s:s sSr Prince Of w.Ie HoorooL Frankfort Me- days
wood. 60 q. .na,.ws n T. 10 days latk>
tosser' n uoagm.n Prince Camden. Me- day. ~'ee
en- .,,h. o. Cisgk bangor days. lumber to mss.ef
scS, hrlesa Smith Nov. Haven ds,s N yss. S,,.st
schr Boiler =. s,hy SiSss,. SGIiSsnSs s a.,., cSs
ScSr J. T JchDsos 49,. tia,rhpof.P 10 of po.s. o.',
go al, slnolk oUah, tzl ethpot t9 =" s,rsA
81, Janss C Chew Bugbee. TauDton zoay' "
eehr Gen Taylor Jones, 1ainton csy, ~ s.vs.urs
srir JnneI Lucy Chase, ronitna ron,sas,,, "a b.lIst
Il In White Rock. Johnson soothpoit " " ~. usdf,rd
sh siss Ssiner "a Huse Eis1brthpot ior ~ y. bsi.s
SI 4 Watson Borden New-Bavep ay 20 sssd Byp.
s.ss,n,r Dspny kenney, rrvstde9oe. muse '" A
g. v..,..o Psyus&p
SILT Si,a n, Jeni BliiAnt, isvfe Cons ssie
iss r,oo j. IT, Wbesef. glasgow Z, Breasrhs
s al ekinlsr lr Queenstown Ss"'fs .n Tos PieAsnA!
O. ilds stewart St. lagos W hslt - wls~nx>s
Sss Icy Tss,5 Iai Ts..s. s Bsmod. conss = ossssr
s,oIn, ,mph (Br }. Msnsanbhi SoiascAno sns''"
town; Nshant Boston = m, .,,.., lxh Cos,
wIN0-ssnd.s. N E.. meridian. g. WI ''""''' =,
NV. i....| l.. eft -
rwx RxvHsus CurrRn Hssssrrs Lss ~ ish.p ~ het
v,,n, 20 ses en- sundays wss t0wsAe eus V <sps Il
s,ssras Mercury r. t.,.r.als
New-York daily tribune., 1861-06-24

DROwSgD.-An inquest was held Yesterday rpor
the body Of John MeCsrty ls'e No. Ito s1g
WHO found drowned Pier No 10 Son hve Ssiuf
y night Deceased hsd been mi ding since TD"dsy lat
Jereni,h Sweeny Iaborer drov ned ,urd.y
ing hile b.hing Ia the doct tn foot " Fifty hfh fss
East River. The body hss not set been recovered
New-York daily tribune., 1861-06-24

FLAG RAisISG.-The American flag is to he raised
on the top Of the Bleeckerstreet Univenast Church
this afternoon. Addresses be made the oesa-
sion by the Rev. Dr. Chspin, the Rev. NJ. Bslou, and
others. .r.
New-York daily tribune., 1861-06-24

I'm our article on the exhibition of the Jarnes
rife cannon down the Bay yesterday, we gave, sstbs
range of the projec;iles thrown from the Cpoundei
brass gun, 4 miles 1t shoad have been 81 miles.
New-York daily tribune., 1861-06-24
Passenger Arrived

IN fnmip Bremsa Jyom Ryeaca 0ad so-thamptos-Arss
Aber Mrs wichmsn and daughter; Count stoseA
sds chdfrn Mr.. CoTbetl snt
dau shter Capt. Allen Young John c. NssseT Wm II. rsss
f. F-ncrate I'd Mrs Tbere@ r. hn. Mrs. Huruer Mlss Horss
Miss Ris Daniel Knoop Miss PsrteiDBllr A. HAGEN Cer
Csnierer Jacob Rons Miss H,bes. Gesidns and lady Nm
BeItha Bette H. Leisnsnn Mrs Lesmsun, heun Bohen ssS
ny M Lubrs ard daughter Geo k-ischDer, Car Assnd
John r. M.hnke and family Mrs Benz Mrs StsIh and sor
mis Laoy Bsyn.d Henry Hardni Jnlas Schonfed the k
" Blcyden Mi.s Carone Ms,-r John sowai,n p. Pist
g. Hsrtuns Muses. Elvns snd Emuis EcAhsr Jos hsis.
,osH Hsxa and lxdv
New-York daily tribune., 1861-06-24

sNIATrhk ALaASAt
suu-Rises 30 lsets..........725 MooD-Rises. sR
wsryR rms DAY. -
Sandy Hook. s55 Gov Island. 9:<5 Hell ~
New-York daily tribune., 1861-06-24
THE CIVIL WAR IN AMERICA.

uwu,,.x UowlRp Russm[ LII. D, Barn ter-atLh~ 'he
- sperisl Correspond ent Of Tae L0ndon E%s"
FORT pICKENs AND. PENsACOLA-A VISIT TO
doTH CAMPS,
New-York daily tribune. [volume] (New-York [N.Y.]) 1842-1866, 1861-01-03

endeavor 10 promote the ends above Indicated,
they should never have reason to complain of
the structures nor regret the existence of this
journal.
But should they do so, they must be resigned
to the dispeusatiOn Of enjoying less popularity
than they now do with the crew who gather
about the Capitol each Winter. Some OF these
gentlemen seem to exult over the suggestion that
we are not fayorites with this swarm of locusts.
We assure them that we are quite reconciled to
our unpopularity with these beauties, that we
trust We have already deserved il, ana God helping
US, We mean to deepen and diiiuse that unpopu-
larity this Winter and every Winter hereafter.
We should bitterly feel that we had been I'M
faithful to our duty il We had not already earned
their implacable hatred.
For. gentlemen of the majority in high places,
that divine monitor, 90 &c cannot serve God and
" Mammon, was never more applicable than to
your attitude toward these harpies and your con
sttuents respectively. 1t happens to be the tact
that. while most of the great capitalists, great
merchants. Sc. of our State are Fusionsts, at
least three fourtbs ofhemen who live by filling their
own farms are Republicans. Our present rate OF
taxation is very high, while produce, in the aver
age. sells low, and the burden of taxation press
es heavily Oh the great body of our political
brethren And We do not see how it can be
materially reduced for a year or two at BEST
Now if the People can feel that this heavy load
is really mayoidable-that the money is trugally
devoted 10 increasing the productive value OF
their public property and paying of their debt
40 as to give assurance of brighter days ahead
they will bear as they have already nobly borne.
But let them feel that much of it is squandered
to enrich fayorites and crafty pace-hunters-shat
il is dssipated on needless Offices exorbitant sal
aries and greedy jobbers-and they will not en-
dure it, but will lily to political change IN order
TO displace one swarm of leeches, even though
they know that these will only give way to an-
other. IT, for example, this Legislature shall cost
$40. OO0 more than it really need, idly will YOU
seek to dispel the suspicion that other branches
of the public service not so open 10 scrutiny are
tainted by Ike prodigaity. Men and brethren
hear us for our cause, aud let whatever OF truth
We have submitted be present with you to the
end of YOUR session
New-York daily tribune. [volume] (New-York [N.Y.]) 1842-1866, 1861-01-03
NEUTRALITY-SUSPICIOUS..

We beg leave most respectfully to suggest to
the gentlemen assembled at Albany to make and
mend laws this Winter, the following synopsis Of
platform or policy which we are sure will be
approved BY the great body of their constituents,
namely.
|. No more officers, employEs, and hangers-on
of all kinds to be appointed or retained about
either House than are absolutely needed-cer-
tainly no more than are authorized and pre-
scrbed by existing laws.
9. Every one of these tax-consumers to be
required TO do his whole duty for the salary or
compensation fixed by law, with no extras
allowed under any pretext whatever.
3. Whenever questions of purely local concern
are brought before the Legislature, let them be
referred to direct vote Of the people interested,
and let their vote be ratified and made effective
either by the present or the next Legislature.
a. Finish our present Public Works at the
earliest moment, bat commence no extensions
and no new enterprises until after the Erie
Enlargement shall have made itself felt in q
serious reduction of the State Tax.
S. Pass no special acts Of incorporation or
other private bills, Of which the object is not
clearly Just and manfestly unattaiDabe under
the provisions of the General Manufacturing and
other general laws.
6. Drive away the locust horde that have
infested the Capitol from the first Of January to
the middle Of April for some years past. If
nothing else will do this, get up an investigation
of the dOings Of last Winter.
7. Raise no salaries and create no new office,
but reduce the number and emoluments Of tax
eaters wherever this shall seem possible
G. Have no Grinding Committees. They can
not be needed if the policy herein outlined shall
prevail.
9. Perfect and pass the Appropriation and
Supply bills in February, do up the business Of
the session without hurry, and be ready to sd-
journ without day On the 10th Of April at
furthest.
Such course we feel very sure, will render
this the most popular Legislature that has con-
yened in Albany for the last twenty years.
There are some Members who seem TO labor
under the delusion that THE TRIBUNE is their
enemy, hsbitualy bent on assailiug and persecut
ing them, when the fact is quite otherwise.
We would ike Of oil things TO commend aud
praise them if they would only let US. If they
would but act in the spirit, and earnestly
New-York daily tribune. [volume] (New-York [N.Y.]) 1842-1866, 1861-01-03

We publish on another page letter from our
Special Correspondent in Georgia. giving sach par
ticulars as he has been able to gather conceroing
the recently reported negro insurrectiOn in the
southern part of the State We understand this
TO be the same instruction which formed the
subject of Geographic dispatch from Macon,
which we published ON Thursday last. Our cor
respondent is naturally obliged to use extreme
precautions to avoid his own detection aud the
consequences thereof, at the hands of Georgia
mob, and this is carried so far as to compel the
withholding of facts which would be commun-
Gated were he perfectly sure that the sanctity OF
letter would in all cases bc respected. In a
private note, which has reached us through a
different channel, our correspondent intimates
that he knew more ON the topic of this letter
than he dared to write. His letter will, never
theless, appear to our readers as OF great inter-
est and Importance.
New-York daily tribune. [volume] (New-York [N.Y.]) 1842-1866, 1861-01-03

babble 1t takes all things that would be ncces-
sary to justify revolt for granted; and is drum
ming up recruits, organizing armies, planning
campaigns and plotting crimes to redress inspect
fed wrongs, and to gain it knows not what.
Simply stated, the main trouble is that the Slave
States are uneasy. Well-cOnsidering all their
pcrpexities and dangers and diiiculties-we are
not surprised to fnd them fierce or taintlng at
phantoms. They are in q sad case-that is GER
tain. They have not found Slavery at any
time and under the kindest auspices profitable
to their bodies or their souls; but new
terrors of massacre and of fire now men
ace them. The sham of Slavery is beginning to
be visible even to their holfpurged eyes. With
all other blessings which it has brought it has
net made them clear-sghtel; it has nurscd them
into no manliness; but filling them by day and
by night with vague terrOrs aud indefinite appre-
tensions. it has deprived them of the power OF
acting with even vigorous vice. Before the world
they have not merely bad case, but no case at
ALL Hence the best of their advocates are SIMPLY
solube-the comm0n-scOlds OF caucus and OF Con-
gress They are like f5h-wiyes, Who when their
tongues can no longer serve them, have an ultima
ratio in their ten finger-nas.
If any reader thinks that we do not do justice
to the Southern mind let him read Mons. Pierre
Soule's Card" We allude to it here because II
is one of the best examples yet printed OF South
ern dropscal pretension. There are one hundred
and siSty-two lunatics in the South Carolina In
sane Hospital, and there is every reason to be-
liere that each of them could have written quite
ms coherent a card" The knob of it, so
far il can be said to have any knob,
is to be found in the following sentences:
AS long as the respective rights OF each remain
"uninfringed it may be conceded that none has
." n good ground for absolying itself from the
obligations which the compact imposes. But
:" as soon as the compact ceases TO be respected,
81 the bond is broken" q. f.. ID. This IS
highly convenient doctrine, particularly with
gentlemen whose capacities for respecting
ANYTHING good or great are limited. According
TO this, the moment political philosopher ceases
TO respect" the form Of Government under
which he lives, or the men BY whom it is carried
on, that moment he is absolyed from all alesi-
auce and is at liberty to commit treason at his
earliest convenience Considering the moral and
intellectual qualities of our present President,
this strikes Us as a startling Interpretation.
Respect WHY, we do not know man, woman,
or child in the United States who respects
Mr. Buchanan. To state the case still more
clearly. he does not even respect himself.
But il does not therefore follow that he should
be assassinated, or that he should commit suicide.
New-York daily tribune. [volume] (New-York [N.Y.]) 1842-1866, 1861-01-03
COY. maRGAN,s MESSAGE.

Although we could wish the Governor Annual
Message had been shorter, there is very little If
any of il that we should be willing to strike out
With regard to Economy and Retrenchment
General and Special Legislation, our Public
Works. the State Charities, but especially with
reference to National Policy, Slavery, Compro-
mise. and Secession, his views will meet the
hearty approval of nearly all the people of our
State so firm, yet considerate and so kind
is the Governors treatment of what are most
improperly termed sectional questions, that we
doubt whether any more dissent will be Indicated
than what party necessities shall seem to require.
We do not think our State Prisons are paying
so well as they ought, and we must demur TO
the Governors suggestion of fourth. The Gin
ton Prison promised well in its incipiency, but
has proved costly mistake; and we think
another would follow in the footsteps OF its I'M
mediate predecessor We would far sooner sell
the Clinton than build another The true course
would seem to be to diminish by law the num-
Der of conycts sent to our State Prisons, sub
stitutng confinement in local Penitentiarles, and
reducing the term of Imprisonment OF the best be-
having cOnyicts. If the Governor were directed
by the Legislature to discharge the two hundred
convicts who have best deserved that favor, we
believe the interest Of public justice would not
suffer but rather be promoted.
We approve the proposal of an increase
from one to two cents per bushel of the State
charge on Salt, made on It's grounds aud from
water supplied by it. This is not q tax or duty
levied on Salt, but just aud proper charge for
materials and facilities which could not other
wise be procured so cheaply, and we do not
see why this State should supply them to the
people of others at less than their fair cost
With regard to Capital Punishment and the
act of last session modifying it, we do not feel
quite satisfied with the Governors suggestions.
1t is not possible that the people of our State
may not legally substitute a less saDguinary
pei atty Tor that of Death if they choose to do 80;
and if the thing may be legally done, there must
be LAWYERS in the Legislature competent to draw
the proper bill. Whatever notifications of the
act of last session NAV be required to obviate the
cavils of Judges we would have made; but we
cannot realize that ga new code" is necessary.
We apprehend that this suggestion looks toward
a repeal rather than an amendment of the hui
name act of last session, or that, whether IN
tended or not, this will be attempted, under
cover Of the Governors recommendation
On the whole, however, the Message is 30 ln-
dicious, ard its suggestions so salutary that we
refrain from further criticism. If the new Leg
islature will accept it generally as the chart by
which its course shall be guided, all will be well.
New-York daily tribune. [volume] (New-York [N.Y.]) 1842-1866, 1861-01-03

Further reported proceedings of the South Caro-
lima Convention show that they have passed an
ordinance to define and punish treason, declaring
that the judicial power of the United States has
reverted to South Carolina, vesting the power
delegated to Congress in a General Assembly,
and that the power of the General Assembly is
not to extend, without the direction of the Con-
vention, to duties on imports, the pOst-Ofice, de-
claration Of war, treaties and confederacy with
other States, citizenship and treason. Commits
soners have been appointed to various Southern
States They have also recommended that proper
measures be adopted for the formation of
a Southern COnfederacy, by the appointment of
Commissioners to the Slsyeholding States, asking
them to call Conventions They say the in-
81 sirument called the Constitution Of the United
estates is suggested as suitable and proper
basis to be offered for Provisional Govern
ment" Various other ordinances were adopted,
making provisions for separate Government.
New-York daily tribune. [volume] (New-York [N.Y.]) 1842-1866, 1861-01-03

A very lucid and forcible speech was that
delivered in the Senate by Mr. Baker, the new
Senator from Oregon. He showed beyond con-
troversy, that there is no such thing ss a con-
stitutiOnal right of secession. He urged that had
there been ON the part of the trainers of the
Constitution purpose to reserve to the States a
right of such exceeding Importance it would not
have been left to hide itself in indirect phrases,
whence it can only be extracted by some prepos-
ferrous logical deduction, but would have been
clearly and Enthusiastically set forth. This speech
possesses additional Importance as coming from
the representative Of one Of the Pacific States.
1t proves that on that side of the continent Dis
union has no Judgment.
New-York daily tribune. [volume] (New-York [N.Y.]) 1842-1866, 1861-01-03
In the House of Representatives OF Washing.

In the House Of Representatives. OF Washing.
ton, yesterday the resolution Of Mr. Davis OF
Indiana, instructing the Committee on the Ju'
dietary to report what Legislation. if any has
become necessary on the part of Congress- in
consequence of the secession position assumed
by South Carolina, was taken up. But Mr..
Holman Of Indiana having proposed a substitute
declaring against secession, and looking to the
employment Of the Army aad Navy for the pro-
lection Of the public property and collection of the
revenue, Mr.. Davis withdrew his resolution.
Some discussion ersaed as 10 the right of hr.
ID. to make the withdrawal, when the Speaker
decided he had such right. Mr.. Sherman then
claimed the privilege Of offering the proposition
"a an original resolution. This also gave rise TO
debate, when the speaker decided against Mr.
sherman, who appealed from the decision, saying
New-York daily tribune. [volume] (New-York [N.Y.]) 1842-1866, 1861-01-03

The House Committee yesterday rejected Mr..
Wilson's proposition to extend the Missouri line,
and protect Slavery south of it. Mr.. Nelson's
resolutions were then taken up, and amended so
as to declare it inexpedent to abolish Slavery in
the dockyards arsenals and other premises of
the United States instead of being mandatory
not to do so. similar amendment respecting
the District of Columbia was left pending.
New-York daily tribune. [volume] (New-York [N.Y.]) 1842-1866, 1861-01-03

The Hon. JEFF Davis offered in the Senate yes
terday some resolutions intended to make revolu-
tion easy, if not pleasant. They were to the
purport that, on the application of any State, the
President shall withdraw from such State all
land and naval forces of the Federal Government;
and that any State may maintain armies and ma
yies of it's own as it chooses. When these resO
lutions pass the two Houses of Congress, we VIII
let our readers know.
New-York daily tribune. [volume] (New-York [N.Y.]) 1842-1866, 1861-01-03

Mr. Clafin, in accepting the Office of Pres-
dent of the Massachusetts Senate, yesterday,
made brief address, in which he alluded to the
disunion attempts at the South. He said that
Massachusetts had been charged with unfaithful-
ness to the Constitution in some of her enact
ments; but, while she always was and is still
ready to submit to Judicial decision, she has ever
jealousy guarded the liberty of her citizens, and,
be trusted, ever would. She could not now
falter without disgrace aud dishOnOr. Speaker
Phelps, in his address to the House, uttered
substantially the same sentiments.
New-York daily tribune. [volume] (New-York [N.Y.]) 1842-1866, 1861-01-03

that it was due the country that vote should
be had on the proposition. Motions ensued to
table the appeal and adjourn but they were dis
agreed TO, when finally it was decided to take
the question on the appeal to-day at O'Clock.
New-York daily tribune. [volume] (New-York [N.Y.]) 1842-1866, 1861-01-03

Gov. Black has vetoed a bill passed by the
Nebraska Legislature to prohibit Slavery in that
Territory. The House, however, repassed the
bill; and the Council will also repasS it.
New-York daily tribune. [volume] (New-York [N.Y.]) 1842-1866, 1861-01-03

The Pony Express, with California dates of
the 10th ult, arrived at Fort Kearney on Tues
day morning. Nothing of interest had transPred
in California siEce the last express.
New-York daily tribune. [volume] (New-York [N.Y.]) 1842-1866, 1861-01-03
The Tribune Almanac for 1864.

This popular annual will be ready in few days. In
order to publish the Election Returns as full as posi-
bic. delay has been unavoidable.
New-York daily tribune. [volume] (New-York [N.Y.]) 1842-1866, 1861-01-03

Mr.. Breckenridge has written letter to Gov.
Magof6n, in which he takes the ground that one
State cannot withdraw without the consent of
the Others But he wants new guarantees.
New-York daily tribune. [volume] (New-York [N.Y.]) 1842-1866, 1861-01-03

The mails for Europe by the Jura viii close
to-day at l03 O'Clock.