davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Memphis daily appeal. [volume] (Memphis, Tenn.) 1847-1886, 1861-04-14

by four heavy wsdges, driven down by a sps-
eies OF ram, which will hold lt last, and pre-
vent any swaying around By the tide.
oTHER woAKs.
There are other works at Hadrips Point.
Mount Pleasant, Stone, Morris islspd and
fronting the entrance OF Charleston harhsrs
which are constructed OF palmefto joys ard
sand, They are al fully manned for action
with largs gsrfisons Sndeuns or heavy esIiBrs.
" EXACT DISTANCES OF THE FoaTs.
Fort Sumter is three and three-eIghtbs miles
tton Charleston, one and ons-eighth mile
from Fort Moultrie, tnree-fourths Of 4 nils
from Cummings' Point, ons and thrse-el1ths
mile from Fort Johnson, and two ana f~e-
elghths miles from Castle Pibckney. The city
OF Charieston is entirely out Of the rance a
the guns OF Fort SUMTER E7A
sToNo INLET.
StOno Point is a portion OF Morris island.
facing the sea coast. Stone Inlet il aboutf nso.
leagues from the south channel OF Charleston.
Between them lie two islands-M Norris isla nd,
on which the lighthouse stands, and Coffin
island. In Stono Inlet there Is nine or ten
feet Of water at low tide, but It was not much
frrquented until Charleston was blocksded In
1855, when It was visited by British vessels.
10 4 stratagetieal point OF view, the landing Of
United States troops at Stone Point would ap-
pear to be for the purpose Of getting in the
rear Of the Morris island batteries, which nov
guard the sea approaches TO Charleston. On
Morris island the Confederate States forces
are pretty numerous, and II an sttsmpt to land
troops is made by the United States forces, the
conflict will be short and bloody. At our last
accounts in regard to Stone Point, Gen. Beau
regard had ordered an immense battery 10 be
erected at the very place where It Is alleged
the United States troops will attempt to land.
A subsequent report stated that several large
guns were in transltu from Castle Pinckney to
that point.
Memphis daily appeal. [volume] (Memphis, Tenn.) 1847-1886, 1861-04-14

q Charleston, S. G., hujeis are represented
to Be fall Of country merchants laying in stocks
Of goods, and the city merchants are worked
81 day aud half the night to keep even with
the demsnds Of their customers.
Memphis daily appeal. [volume] (Memphis, Tenn.) 1847-1886, 1861-04-14
-uRvaTrxT WAR NEWS !---FOHT
CAPITULATESl

Our dispatches by telegraph this morning
from Fort Sumter are Of thrilling interest
After a protraeted eannOnsding and lombard
ment Of thiriy-6ve hours BY the Confederate
troops, Anderson's garrison eapitulsted about
three O'Clock P. X. on yesterday, aud the
Southern flag now waves in bioodlsss triamph
from its rsmparts! Federal war vessels made
their appearance of the harbor during the con-
hiet, aud participated in the return OF FIRE from
Fort Sumter. There can be no doubt Of the
fact OF the surrender, as a private dispatch, re-
eeived from Secretary Walker BY a genasmsn
in The city, published in another column, amply
eorroberates it. As we predicted more than a
month ago, the eagles Of victory have Psrehed
upon the Southern STANDARD in the frst great
battle Of the "-IRREPREssmLE CoSFLIcr."
Memphis daily appeal. [volume] (Memphis, Tenn.) 1847-1886, 1861-04-14
lie mEETINe LAsr NIGmrI

THE MEETING LAST NIGHT!
The cali for a meeting Of the friends Of
southern freedom, made in the extra edition Of
the APPEAL and .9BalancRe Of yesterday, was
responded 70 on last night BY from twelve 10
fifteen hundred persons, who assembled at early
gas light in front OF the telegraph Office. A
band Of music loaned its cheerful inspirations
to The occasion. The peals Of the cannon were
heard proclaiming the triumph at Charleston,
and the heavens seemed to blaze with the 6eod
o. light from cleaning sky rockets, as they
went up from every quarter Of the city.
The meeting was organized by calling Maj
F B. BARTLETT to the chair. He addressed
the multitude in a short but foreibls speech
saying that, while he had voted the Union
ticket in The late election, the time for divisions
among ourselves was past-he was heneeforth
with the South, and for rsUolution- Kentucky,
bis naive State, be believed, would cast her
destiny with The Confederate States.
Judge ScRUGGs next came forward, and de-
Iiversd one OF the most f%orcibls, able and ef-
feetive speeches 10 which we have ever listened.
He said there was a time when Southern men
could honestly differ, bat now that the first gun
had been fired, every nsn who had southern
blood in bis heart, would rally to the support
| Of his native section. He saw no middle
ground for cowsrds-they must now take sides
10 The conflict. The Legislature should imme-
diatsly be called, and take steps for the cali Of
a State Convention.
Col. HIRAM TILLMAN spoke next, indicating
south Carolina, bis native State, from the as
pensions Of those fsul tongusd slanderers, for
the maintenance Of whose rights she bad in
aurursted the present revolution.
Mr.. NJ. W. CLUsKET OF the -Apalanehs,
Judge STCLAIR, Gen. LOCKWOOD and Col. FIN
ME, also made stirring and eloquent speeches.
Col. J.. T. TREzEvAET was loudly called on,
and responded in a speech Astounding in
strong argument and replete with patriotism.
He had been a Union man, and bad psrtici-
pated in the proceedings Of The meeting called
in December last at O5d-felloTs' hil. The
Union party bad there passed resolutions de-
claratory OF the sriepaness Of the South, and
had demand a redress Of those grievances
within a reasonable period. He was now
fully convinced that Tennessee could get no
guarantees which would justify Der remaining
10 the Northern Union. Consistency, and a
regard for the implied pledge given in voting
FOR the resolutions alluded to, impslled him to
bis present attitude, and be would declare
heneeforth for TIE South. He intended to hold
his Union comrades to strict accountability,
and would gauge their future conduct BY their
past professions.
After a concluding speech from WAEDLow
HowARD, Esq the meeting adjourned amid
the greatest imaginable enthusiasm. The
overwhelming reaction which has trsnsPired
in the community within the past two days,
was amply syinced in every feature OF its pro-
-aaHir~u
Memphis daily appeal. [volume] (Memphis, Tenn.) 1847-1886, 1861-04-14
Q. c. ATKENsoN,
aoIa, sllssr. Eens note. and

Exchange,
BANK KUILDnsG, No. 2u VAN ST. HREPHis,
nFFEns to serve hs friends and the public i. the
" sails Of Sto.kss Bendsi PrgmisEorg Notes riae
p7u. u aptt-am
Memphis daily appeal. [volume] (Memphis, Tenn.) 1847-1886, 1861-04-14

The embrasures for muskeiTy on the side Of
tue work exposed to the IRE Of the batteries Of
Cummings Point and Fort johnson have been
CALLED with solid tagging, flied in with lead,
and are now ball and bomb proof, adding ma
terially to the strength Of the work. Inside,
The magazine and hospital have been protected
by stone traveraeR. and the uarade cleared.
Memphis daily appeal. [volume] (Memphis, Tenn.) 1847-1886, 1861-04-14
= fhe Memphls Appeal
We MT AS STRANGERS.

-" 49, -#aNAA ANM.AA
We NIT as STRANGERS.
Lines ~snggesied BY Remarks from Mrs. B. ?. D.
81 g.. p. BAssETr.
We met IS s.rangsrs-oiten met.
Yet strangers still frsm ehsice
No light was IN ihoss eyes 10 ne,
Nomuslc in that voice
Amid a throzg miue eyes had surely dusIt
On other foms-to others J. had kneit-
Yet sali We met. and SIN hose eyes
Grew brighter with each day
SET aeesnts aoatsd irsu those Iips
New graess seemed to play
Around ny lovely form, and arrhiy trace
Each other Ger thy ~rsdiaut smiling face,
Ant as each hidies grace appeared
Ea-h virtue esme 70 light.
Like AIDED digits 10 = sun
placed il on The right.
TIL numeraiioE fails TO read as line
where half ny nHneisu grscss, virtues shine.
The love thus born Of reason fseds
pursr same than slows
Whsrs pssnou's ssli-coasuming Gre
Disturbs the mind's rePoss.
That q toe constant bFesEs Ehsch sis LIES aane-
Tbs fhe sDssmsdie squlnoosial gale.
Memphis daily appeal. [volume] (Memphis, Tenn.) 1847-1886, 1861-04-14

CT The friends Of the South do not stop
now to cavil over technicalities. The Hirre-
P~ressible conflict" is upon us, and win be met
as becomes #sa. The North AlabumiGH, which
has been an ultra ULion paper ever since the
secession Of that State, in its last issss says;
"The SOaiA las taken her p~osiii0H-wksiksr
right or Droag, This is not the time to inquire
che pil nsrsr BE- drives from it BY forcs.D
Memphis daily appeal. [volume] (Memphis, Tenn.) 1847-1886, 1861-04-14
cUM1nHGs' POINT IRON BArTERY.

The nearest land to fort Sumter is Cummings'
Point. On this point is erected the celebrated
railroad iron battery. It consists Of a heavy
frame work Of yellow pine logs. The roof Is
Of the sam material, over which dove-tailsd
bars Of railroad iron of the 7 pattern are laid
from top to bsttom-aii Of which is riveted
down in the most secure manner. On the
front II presents an angle Of about thirty de-
grees. There are three port holes, which open
and close with irsn shutters Of the heaviest
description. When open, the muzzles OF the
colsmbiads Gil up the space completely. The
rseoil Of the gun enables the shutters to be
closed instantly. II is asserted, on high mill
tsry authority, that this inclined plane will
efectuallY resist guns Of the heaviest esIihre-
first, because ne shot can strike It except at an
obtuse angle, which would cause the ball to
glance; second, because its power Of re-
sistance is sufficient to Withstand the fall OF
the heaviest shells. The columbiad guns, with
which this novel battery is equipped, bear on
tie south wall OF Sumter, The line OF hre being
at an angle Of about thirty-hve degrees. This
is not, Of course, considered favorable for
preaching; but ewing to the fact that the
wall is loop-holed for musketry throughout it's
entire length, which, OF course, weakens 1t a
great deal, the effect Of shot upon it would, we
think, even at the distance Of 1850 yards, effect
a breach within a reasonable time. The work
is in charge OF several companies Of the regu-
lar army Of the Confederate States. IL en-
ployed to reduce fort Sumter, this battery will
prove quite formidable.
Memphis daily appeal. [volume] (Memphis, Tenn.) 1847-1886, 1861-04-14

Mr.. Lincoln, In one OF his railroad spssehss.
said that " be found too much Conscience bad
been placed In bis sbIlftT.n Il any one
every one Hill coincide with him now.
Memphis daily appeal. [volume] (Memphis, Tenn.) 1847-1886, 1861-04-14

DY virtue Of a dsed aftrust executed 60 ne the ga
u dSy q January, isd5. b. J. ". Easer, Jsiaee as
sGnM y ether PARTIES. lut cot p5ifl audre qted in the
hesister's0mce OF sheity COUNTY. Tennessee, bc0E EXx1b
pages as. 9s sud $40. 20 which REGARD reference y
hereby made for fulls- description, I viii proceed %
sell p he hiahest bidder for cash. on The premises 90
70 'fo1 q. b. o. SATURDAY. ELEVENTH. A
OF NAY NEXT, certain Lots Or Land On the neru site
% The Pigeonroost roadi ountsinius about nine acres,
Ebuut ous nile sni a hall frum the city Of Memphis.
The title Il uadeu bted. but 1 convey enls 81 trustee
Redemption waived. WM. s. PICK SIT, Tra-tee.
b order Of }. ". hoGERs,
q. ". Q. STOUT.
Memphis daily appeal. [volume] (Memphis, Tenn.) 1847-1886, 1861-04-14

by four heavy wedees, driven down by a spe-
eles Of ram, which will bold e last, and pre-
vent any swaying srouhdby the tide.
o~4ru usanva
Memphis daily appeal. [volume] (Memphis, Tenn.) 1847-1886, 1861-04-14
SPRING AND SUMNER
DRESS TlBRI(S
EVER OFFERED,

EVER OFFERED,
Being Of ENTIRELY NEW STYLES AMI
especially adapted TO every branch 9f trade,
including rich and elegant SUMNER STUFFS
and SILKS, imported for the best city retail,
comprising,
5000 PIECES
Rich Printed Jaconets, Organizes. Prints. Bril-
liants and Psrcsies, Of the celsbra-sd nan
u~facturs Of Seinbach koeehlin, tsing the
choicest collection Of beautiful s. les ever
produced.
5000 PIECES
Plain Bsregss, Grape Maretz, Tamartanes. Of
the manufacture Of Ssg1oux, Sieber & Co.,
IA blacks, high colors and modes.
1000 PIECES
OF Black and CoIored ChalIsvs, Black Ronbz-
zines, Grenadine and Hermann Bsreges, or
same manufacture.
1000 PIECES
Of Rich Printed Nous. De L1ins, Barszas and
Grenadines-Spring Styles.
1000 PIECES
OF Black, High CoIorsd and Modes, Plain
Nous. De LANES.
1000 PIECES
OF SaxoBy Summer Dress Siufs. OF every W.
riety and price, including Poplins- Crane
Grisaillss De Capus-Piain and Brocbr-
Also-Barsgs Anglais Broche, Nankinsts.
Grape De Milan, and rich light fabrics Of
the latest novelties.
1909 PIECES
Striped, Plaid and Chine Paris Toulard Ska
1900 PIECES
Dress Silks, entirely new spring STYLES. PRINTED
Foulsrd Silks, Rich Printed SILK HsrnsiBss
and Grenadines, Double Faced. Coiorsf
and Black silks, Black eros de Rbinas
Black and Colorsd Tafstas, super quail
ties.
zoe PIECES
or Black Drap dEtes, an qualities for nan.
wear, Of the manufacture OF Seydoax,
Sisber & Co.
5000 Sq,sGrc and L0ng she,rIs
and ScGrfs,
Plain, Broebe and Printed, High Color, AMI
Black Silk Fringss, with an extengivs "a
riety Of STELLA SHAWLS. ana nv
styles for summer wear.
The above Goods will unite the lsrrz.t and
most desirable assortment Of Choice Nsw
Goods ever offered al auction. They wiU be-
pat up in lots suitable FOR the trade. ana ,si,-
ready the day previous to toe sale.
BESKARD & HUTTON,
IA DUANE STREET,
ap12 Zip NEW YORK
Memphis daily appeal. [volume] (Memphis, Tenn.) 1847-1886, 1861-04-14

An Ohio stump,r, while making a speech,
recently paused in the midst Of it, and sx-
claimed suddenly, Now, gentlemen, what do
you think91 Instantly a msn rose ia the as
semblys and with one eye partially closed mod
estlyi with Scotch 5rogue, replied; 81 think,
sir, l do indeed siF-l think Il you and I were
to stomp the country together, we you'll Tell
more lies than any other two msR in the eoun-
try, sir and I'd rot say a word myself during
.hs whole time, STRIP
Memphis daily appeal. [volume] (Memphis, Tenn.) 1847-1886, 1861-04-14

TREAcHERY OF A MExfcAN-A letter to
the AlmO Express, dated Uvalds, March 25tb,
says:
On the evening Of the Doth, Mr.. J. c. Ellis,
who keeps the stage stand at Turkey creek on
the Eagle Pass road, was dangerously wounded
by 4 Mexican whom he had hired. Mr.. Ellis
happened to be alone and while bis back was
turned struck him geversl times over the head
with a Ratchet. Supoosing he had killed Ellis
be searched bis pockets. robbed the honse and
left his wife taking two rides, tSs six
shooters, two horses, some fifteen or twenty
dollars in money, together with blankets, cloth
ing, etc. Mr.. E. was alone until the following
day, when the Eagle Pass stage arrived, and
news being brought into this place, an anbu-
lance was sent out and Mr.. Ellis brought In.
He is severely and dangerously wounded, but
| think be will recover.
Memphis daily appeal. [volume] (Memphis, Tenn.) 1847-1886, 1861-04-14
FoRT JOHNSON

The present Fort Johnson is simply a huge
sand battery erected on the site Of old Fort
Johnson OF revolutionary memory. 1t is one
and one-fourth miles from Fort Sumter, and at
present is armed with four heavy guns, manned
BY two companies Of regular artillery. The
position Of this old fort, which is Of the ut
most Importance as a connecting point in the
defense If the hsrbor, has been considered BY
the highest military authority as the kew to an
the defensive works in the harbor, Against
the attack Of forces by land, or q boat attack
by the Stone river, Il must be considered an
essential element Of defense.
Memphis daily appeal. [volume] (Memphis, Tenn.) 1847-1886, 1861-04-14

Ca The following amusing incident took
place the other week upon one Of the Ohio
steamboats,
While the boat was lying at eincinRsti, Just
ready to start for Louisville, a young man
eame on board leading a bluahing damssl by
the hand, and approaching the polite clerk, 10
a suppressed voice . JAW
II say,p he exclaimed, enc and ny wife
have just got married, and Pm looking FOR ae-
eommodations.0
"LookiDg for a berth?" hastily inquired the
clerk, passing tickets out to another psssen-
ger. "a birth Thunder and lightning, no p
Just got married We want a place to stay
all night, you know, and-and a bed.n
Memphis daily appeal. [volume] (Memphis, Tenn.) 1847-1886, 1861-04-14

THETEKAs AND NEV ORLEAEs RoAD.-The
Texas and New Orleans road is complete from
Houston to Beaumont, with the exception Of
The first six miles from Houston, and about Eve
miles between Green's bayou and San Jaeinlo.
It is presumed that the whole road win be com
pleted IN twenty days. The Eastern Texas
road from Beaumont 10 Sabine Pass viii also
be put in operation in from thirty to forty days.
Arrangements have been made for run
ming a line Of steamers from Sabine Pass to
Berwick's R y fouT or six times . week.
~ We were in The BARRIERS shop, the other
day, says an e~xchaage, when hs fataef-is-law
or a weil-known politician was speaking Ct
The future prospects q bis son, who was de-
featsd IS a candidate for an Important posi-
ton. COB, he N5ll not suffer- said pa5sr,
sbis country win take care Of him. sir.7 Just
.ihen a fas oil gentleman With bis face al
lather, growied out: of bis country don's,
the town viii have to 2
Memphis daily appeal. [volume] (Memphis, Tenn.) 1847-1886, 1861-04-14

The Muslin. QUEsrToE.z@ Biddy, . said
Mike DonneIlY, the other daF TO bis Gould
'oman,p scan ge tell me the differences between
our sbsRty here and a celebrated son Of ould
Treland?D
fan sure ! can'tn naM
"Why, one II Daniel O'Connsll, and the
other is keRBel O'Donnell.D
"Ye're q dog, thin, Mik--an' sure yen have
to be muzzled, for the wit Of yen hurt some
body"
"Faith, ye're mistaken, me darlin'; its yer
self that wants the mu-sliat.n
Memphis daily appeal. [volume] (Memphis, Tenn.) 1847-1886, 1861-04-14

( "A QUEER CoAEER-khe most quiet place !
know. said Zskisl, Is WooHTflH, ia hississip-
81. Tasresz no qgarrsi, . roEdfam tfght-
lag ii the streets. R q gentleman Insults an
other, he's anlsiif eBot down, Ghd that's the
last b T.
Memphis daily appeal. [volume] (Memphis, Tenn.) 1847-1886, 1861-04-14

We are thirty-four, in Ike manner fondly per-
sists the American President. And in every
respect but enc be intends to act as IL the
Southern Confederacy was Z sham and the
Union a reality, instead Of the reverse, which
is the notorious fact. What can be expected,
what can be hoped Of a policy based on an
Eramiaer.
Memphis daily appeal. [volume] (Memphis, Tenn.) 1847-1886, 1861-04-14

arSeeretarY Chase is Teported as saying,
thar "sli opposition to the psrmsnency Of TIE
Union shall be confounded.p That is what
the fellow said who had a watering machine,
when a heavy shower Of rain cam on-"6ons
found ali opposition pm z. DAY Book.
The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1861-11-06
THE ELECTION IN THE CITY.
General pm thy Of the People--No Excite
meDt-NO Heads Broken.

General Apathy Of the People-No Excite
meDt-No Heads Broken
The great day has come and gone the fate Of the army
political asrirans has been decided, and the city is
once settled down 10 its ordinary quiet With the
exception perhaps of the charter election last December
no election the memory Of the oldest iuhabant' was
peaceful orderly and devoid Of excitement than
yesterdays. From the inspectors proclamation at
Hear ye hear ye hear yo the poll Of this election
Is encd-to the hour Of closing the pos-thrty three
minutes past four O'Clock in the afternoon-not single
incident worthy of record TRANSFERRED Even the bloody
SIXTH the excabc Fourth and the classic First wards
did cali into requison tie taons Of the courty
Metropolans. Cow Pay was model precinct, so far
tie observance Of the peace is concerne ard Nackcre
vile could only boast Of sight scrimmage occaso ned
by the overturnng of ballot box in the interest OF
"Josiah W. Brown, for Sheriff" The Thirteenth was
little boisterous; but il all smoke, no fire. The
Seventh as serene as its ancient denizens, the
Qukers and the thing is Of the Nineteenth,
Twentieth Twenty first and Twenty second wards which
generally remarkable for anything rather than ex-
hibons Of brotherly love day Of election.
The Fourteenth ward--headluartcrs Of tho Mozart
candidate for Sherif-was the only district in which
| something like the good old excitement and
interest, characteristic Of former campaigns, ex
hibted. The friends Of Lynch work like beavers
this ward, ard spanking majority for their svorite
| is confidently predicted.
As to the 81 the general apathy opinions varied
greatly. But the general explanation found in the
absence Of so many Of the untcrrled' voters at the
Of war; engaged in the honorable business OF
fighting tho battles Of their country. Judging from the
palcy Of ballots deposited in the glass boxes up to
noon yesterday the vote must have fallen far short
| of the last November election. Some said
| the total would not amount TO sixty thousand
The police arrangements for the preservation of tho
peace excellent and reflect great credit upon the
General superintendent and his officers in addition to
the each station house there stage loads
of policemen in waiting at all the principal points where
any trouble expected Fortunately however, there
occasion for the employing OF this extra force
as everything passed of in remarkably Quiet manner
There Little lighting during the day, and
of drunkenness and Illegal voting equally scarce
The police magistrates. who usually crowded Will
business election day say they never experienced
| eIe n Quiet
The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1861-11-06
SCENES AT THE REPUBLICAN HEADQUAR
TIERS

IN the utter confusion of political parties at the election
yesterday II became matter Of some doubt and query
as TO where the republican headquarters would be.
Would they be established Mozart Hall or Mayor
Woods olce or would the Of Twenty third street
and broadway still remn the republican gathering placer
The republicans themselves didn't seem able to answer
the question: and scattered themselves about gene
rally and had no headquarters In particular.
At tho Twenty third street corner quite a crowd
gathered in the early part of the evening" but very
of the number we're republicans all and seemed
very enthusiastic, oratorical conversational What
little ardor the crowd had at first was dampcned by
tho rain storm, and the filled up moist overcoats
and dripping umbrellas and closencss and wetness
generally made the scene anything but exhlarating and
the company resembled tho old Quaker meetings, rain
included.
There was very little said about the election or
the candidates. Discussions about General Nc
Clellan occupied attention than remark about
Lynch, and the prospects Of the naval exped
ton seemed more interesting than those OF the cand
dates. Every once in while a person would essay
speech, which was as dull the weather and
welcome as the rain. TIC audience listened in respectful
silence and envened the entertainment with occasional
visits to neghborng drug store, celebrated for its nc
old brandy.
So the most Of the evening passed away The
election election, returns came in but slowly, and were
came evident that the Union tickets had carried
the city, there faint, but unsuccessful attempt to
raise cheer Some gentlemen proposed to bring Came
ron up to make Speech and others suggest Greeley
and Scott the retired comnandersn chief OF the army
Whether any of these distinguished gentlemen did
not is very doubtful Our reporter did not stay to
sec but came away with the following words Of wit and
wisdom uttered by an old hard shell republican, who
ike his party, had evidently seen better days
81 tel you one thing about this gentlemen if IL
doesn't kill secession IL has at least killed the republican
party in this little city. Raymond Is running for the
legislature. Greeley is working for Mayor Wood and
pitching into the administration. You and have been
voting for democrats all day The majority Of belong
to Mozart Hall from this date Ply by, when the
s the soldiers will, home and then the party
which had the most fighting men will be a st best |
guess We republicans sand slim chance that. We
49, ssid we viii be party Ut ALL Half Of us are no
panfy men now, and we might well own up beat and
be nowhsre.n
and 40 tia republican headquarters amounted to very
''''" 'sat svsaing, -