The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1861-03-09

IN A01SA1lOS 0Ax ~ 1SOA =
taken refuge requiring resign his Office and she
snd Z. Ssss IN a q an
attack upon them there they good their escape
down the river % Marietta and thence set out over land
After this characterization everywhere prevailed. All
law was disregarded; peaceabe members OF the commu
nifty osca.s ebncxieus 70 the mob and thsi. remit
the mail was boldly robbed and disclosed letters wncn
added new victims TO the lawless rage summons TO
the militia by the leaders Of the insurgents drew toge
Their not less than seven thousand men, Colonel Cook
Of the Judges Of Fayete county chosen Presi
dent OF this armed assembly. Albert Gallatn was up,
pointed Secretary and man named Bradford assumed S
the character Of Major General, and reviewed the
troops Many outrages were committed The design
was entertained Of taking possession Of Fort Pitt but
for some reason u was not carried out, and IN isct
lished.
Cabinet The State authorities of Pennsylvsnia De.
cnng TO take the initiative In the matter the President
resolved TO assume the responsibility himself.
proclamation was put forth requiring these opposers
Of the law 10 desst and requston was issued 70 the
Governors OF Pennsyvana, New Jersey, Maryland ano
y % for body q men raised nso Ss eS
The movement Of the troops was fixed for the LIST Of
TO arrange with the leaders Of the faction an enectua
submission 10 the laws These proceeded to the injected
ana v nea a.
definite conclusion, and the Commissioners, aIte,
experiencing o series Of personal insults, returned
ton give orders for the advance Of the troops
This news soon produced the desired result. SAimer
son. Ferry IN which resolutions Of submission to the
law were for the first time adopted. Some blood was
ehed In the final settlement by the rebels coming IN con-
tact with the militia but after due season, the Com.
mander Chief Governor Lee Of Virginia. having issued
proclamation Of amnesty TO all those entitled to IT, the
re establishment Of the law became complete Many
prisoners made but only two found guilty Of
capital oence0ne Of arson and the ether OF robbing
the mail-both Of whom, from some paiating circum-
stances. were ultimately pardoned by the President
body Of twenty I'VE hundred men under General Nor
gan remained through the winter encamped in the
district but order having been these were dis
charged and returned to their homes in the spring.
THE ALIEN AND EEDITION LAWS-l79S.
The next great excitement which pervaded the United
States during the administration Of John Adams and
grew out OF the passage Of the famous Alien and Sedtion
laws The French Revolution had ast reached its high
est point OF derium, and the people Of this country
divided in the sentiments they entertained for the
pursued by France Mr. Adams wished to preserve
neutrality but found this impossible The American Nj
mister had been expelled from the republic and new orders
had been issued for depredations upon American COM
MERGE An army was raised and though there was no &C.
tua declaration Of hostes commenced on the ocean
between the two nations Several French frigates were
taken with great loss and 1t is estimated that not less
Vcs5cb
for sefdefence and the purpose of privateerng The
French government and people were surprised at these
hostile demonstrations of the United states and Napo
leon having come into power, disposition was mani
Tested to recede from the offensive position which had
been assumed. Commissioners again appointed
behalf Of the two governments, and the difficulties were
finally adjusted.
During this PERIOD however, the people Of the United
States were convulsed with excitement.
The greater part OF the immigrants To this country
since the adoption OF the federal constitution had been
either Frenchmen driven thither by their political OPT
mons, Engshmen, Scotchmen and Irishmen who had
expressed ultra republican doctrines, and brought TO
America furious hatred of their own government and
institutions and hearty good wishes for republican France.
large number Of these desperate and violent men,
whose chief idea Of freedom seemed to be the unrsstan
ed indulgence Of their fierce passions and hareds
These strongly sympathzed with the ultra democratic
party and having obtained by naturalization the rights
Of citizenship they led off among the most vindctive
opponents Of the national administration Of them
became candidates. and this raised the question whether
the Of the country ought not 10 be in the
Many propositions were made with this view being
thought necessary Of the Of defence then
under consideration to vest somewhere 10 send
out Of the country such foreign residents might be
suspected Of co operating with external enemies.
passed The frst was an amendment to tho naturalza
ton act extending the previous residence to foureen
years. requiring Eve years previous declaration 81 in
ienton TO become citizen register was also kept Of
all aliens resident In the country.
second act limited to two years. gave the President
authority to order out OF the country all such aliens he
might deem dangerous to the peace and safety Of the
United States.
or citizens Of the hostile nation were liable to be appre
hepded or removed.
The secono Of these, which became Familiarity known
as the Alen act was vigorously opposed and though
neither Of the three carried into effect,
three shpoads OF Frenchmen took the hint and left the
country
Meanwhile the warlikc measures growing out OF the
fears Of rupture with Franceto which have refer
ssS pushed pending Se
land, introduced In the Senate bill TO define pre-
csey the crime OF treason and TO define and punish the
ton OF the bill declared the people Of France be the
Of the United States and adherence them as
treason, punishable with death
Tho fourth section provided for Furnishing by fine and
imprisonment any person who, by writing, printing
speaking shoud attempt to Justify the hostile govern.
ment OF the French TO deame the laws OF the United
States, by any seditious innsmmatory declarations
tending to induce belief that the government any Of
sttution TO the liberties Of the people, passing
through the Senate and House, however, the bin export
carried provdes ' Ins. u many
high msdemeanor, punishable by fine, not exceed
ing I'VE thousand dollars, for any persons TO con-
spire against the government Of the United States
10 impede the operation OF the law, TO commit advise
attempt 70 procure any nsurrecton rist unlawful
bcmDty cOmDmation second section subjected 70
fine not exceeding two thousand dollars the publishing
OF any false scandaous or malicious writings against the
Of the United States either house Of Con-
ercss the President, with intent 10 deame them
bring them in dsrepute, or TO excite AGAINST them the
hatred Of the people Of the United States TO up
sedion, TO excite any unlawful combination for OPP
posing any law Of the United States, encourage any
hostile designs Of any foreign nation against the United
States. The act 10 continue In force until March, 1901
There were q this period two hundred newspapers
published in the United States. One hundred seven
~ eighty were In favor Of the federal administration
while Of the balance, opposed 10 most Of tho leading
measures then adopted greater portion under the
control Of Aliens These exercised individual influence
the minds Of their readers greater than that az
the much ablor journals Of times and polti-
cal agent In the hands OF the Of the time then
played important part in the Affairs Of the young
public.
In examining the character and policy Of this sedon
act must be taken into consideration that was mere
y temporary enc, passed at moment Of threatened
war, and when the government assailei IN print
with malice scarcely paralleed before since-publ
cations principally made BY foreign refugees. Party
spirit At this time fast rising 70 the pitch of civil
war and 10 the excited minds Of The fcdcrass the
duct Of the opposition began appear repre-
tbant hat m Qnx