The Richmond palladium. [volume] (Richmond, Ind.) 1855-1875, 1861-07-26
Extracts from Everetrs Fourth ol
Jaiy Grafton.
THE UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT NOT oP-
PREssIvE.

THE UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT NOT oP
PREssIvE.
Mr.. Everett next proceeds to examine il
, , detail the alleged grievances of the seeded
States. He shows that the only complain
} set forth by South Carolina in the mani
, festo of Dec. Goth. 1850. is the passagt
of State laws to obstruct the surrender o
fugitive slaves. Georgia's main affliction'
were the bounties paid to the fishermen o
New England. and the navigation laws
which give to American vessels the exclu
sive enjoyment Of our own coasting trade,
and the tariff is the monster wrong foI
which South Carolina in 1889 drove the
Union 10 the verge OF civil war. and which
next to the Slavery question, the South has
been taught to regard AS the most grievous
of the expressions which she has suffered
st the hands OF the North. Avoiding the
discussion Of the merits or dement's OF the
protective system. the speaker exposes the
utter fallscy Of the stupendous paradox. tha,
duties. enhancing the price OF imported
articles. are paid, not 10y the consumer Of
the merchandise imported. bu, by the
producer o. the last article OF export given
in exchange. For this maxim (tae forty
bale theory, so called, which has grown
slightest authority has been adduced from
auy political economist of arv school -
Indeed, it can b. shown to be shallow
sophi=m, inssmuch as the consumer must
be producer Of the equivalents given in
exchange for the article he consumes
It is next shown that the prot ctive poll
ley, 81 tar from being Nor heEn invention.
was caused by too restrictive policy Of the
war of 1912. which was pursue against
the earnest opposition Of the Nort!. and to
the temporary prnst..tiou IF North~rn COM
merce. navigation and fisheries. Fne capi
tai of the North was driven in this war
into manufactures aud on the return of
peace. .be founia ion Of the protective sys-
tenn were laIi IN The square yard duty on
cotton fabrics. in the support of which Mr..
Calhoun, advised that the growth of the
would open new market for
the staple of the South, took the lead. As
late as 1851, the Legislature of South
Carolina unanimously affirmed the constitu-
Iionalty Of protective duties. of all
of the States of the Union. Louisiana has
derived the creates. benefit from this policy;
in TACT she owes the sugar culture 20 it, and
has for that reason given it her steady sup
port.
As to its being unconstitutional policy,
il is perfectly we'll known that the protec-
lion of manufactures was leading and
avowed object for the formation Of the Con
stitution. The second law passed by Con.
gress after its formation was a revenue law.
Its preamble is as follows: Whereas. it is
necessary. for the support Of Government.
Tor the discharge of the debts Of the United
States. and the encouragement and protec-
lion Of manufactures. that duties be laid on
goods. wares and merchandise imported"
That act was reported to the House of
by Mr.. Madison, who is
untitled IS much as any one to be called the
ather of the Constitution. While it was
pending bfore the House, and in the first
week OF the first session of the first Con-
yress, two memorials were presented
praying for protective duties; and it
8 . matter of some curiosity to inquire from
what part of the country this frs. call came
or that policy. now put forward as one of
he acts of Northern oppression. which just
ify the South in flying to arms The first
of these petitions was from Baltimore. Ii
mplored the new Government to lay pro-
lecting duty on all articles imported from
abroad. which can be manufactured at
home: the second was from the shipwrights
Of Charleston. South Carolina. praying tor
such a general regulation of trade and the
OF such a Navigation Act as
will relieve the particular distresses Of the
petitioners. in common with those OF their
fellow shipwrights throughout the Union.
THE COTTON CULTURE INTRODUCED UNDER
Protection.
But the history of the great Southern
staple is most curious and instructive. His
Majesty King Cotton" on his throne, does
not seem to be aware of the influence which
his cradle.
In the revenue law Of 1898. as il passed
through he House of Representatives,
cotton, with ether raw materials, was placed
)n the tree ist VI hen tie bill reached the
Senate, duty OF cents per pound was
aid upon cotton, not 20 encourage, not to
protect, but to create the domestic culture.
On tie discussion os this amendment in the
House. a member from Souta Carolina de
5la red that '.cUttnu was IN contemplation
N South Carol,ua and Gaorgis, '.ana il good
see3 could Be procured. be hoped at naaght
suceeed" On this hope, the amendment Of
he Senate was concurred in, anG the duty
If cents per pound was laid on cotton
In 1871, Hamilton. in his report on manu-
actures, recommended the repeal OF this
duty, on the ground il was,"a very serious
in pediment to the manufacture of cotton. -
but his recommends was disregarded.
SLAVERY.
The gre., complaint of the South of
Northern interference with Slavery. is thor
oughly reviewed. Mr.. Everett shows that
the South has entirely changed its ground
in relation to the subject. while the North
has held the same opinion as ever. South
ern statesmen formerly denounced what
they now defend As divine. Congress has
never passed Al Anti Slavery law.
WHY WE SHOULD NOT RECOGNIZE THE SOUTHERN
CoNyEDERAcT.
And now let us rise from these disre-
garded appeals to the truth of history and
the wretched subtilities of the Secession
school Of argument, and contemplate the
great issue before US. in its solemn practical