davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1861-07-15
Additional Particulars Of the Battle nj Rev.
efiy-The nm Der Of Killed and Wounded

BsvERLY, July 10 -YesteIday morning Gen
Mcclellan ordered four regiments-tbe Sth. 10th
and 18th Indiana aud 10Th Ohio reeimen,s-to
proceed along the line ofthe hills southeast of the
eneny's entrenched camp the Beverly road
where 10 crosses Rich mountain, two miles "a II
OF the enemys position, with orders to advance
along the Beverly road and attack the east side of
the work, General Mcclellan being prepared 10
assault the west side al as tire rring should
Announce the commencement OF the attack The
capture OF courier who m stock the road throug h
the enemy's camp for the route of the Federal
troops, placed the enemy in possession of intelIi
gence Of the movement.
Gen. Rosencrantz reached the Beverly road az
O'Clock, after an erhaUsting march over the
mountains, and found tue enemy pos.ed on the
opposite side or the road eight hundred strong.
with his position partially fortified. An engage
inent took place which continued three-quarters
Of an hour, when the Confederates were totally
routed with loss Of three hundred killed
wounded and prisoners, including ten officers
and both their cannon. About rs killed and the
same number wounded remained in the Lands of
the Federal officers.
The road was between two hills and the Fed
eral troops In descending deep declivity Were
greatly exposed to the fire Of the Conf-derates,
who occupied the opposite hill, and poured a fire
OF musketry, shot, and shell upon them
Rosencrantzs column remained at the place n.
the engagement during the night Meanwhile
Gen. Mcclellan vas In position with bis whole
force during the afternoon ready TO make an as
sauit, but heard nothing from the other column
except distant firing early In the morning He
was ABOUT proceeding To plant cannon upon an
eminence commanding portion Of the Confed-
crate camp, and preparing 20 attack the whole
nest In front, when IL was ascertained that the
enemy had evacuated bis position during the
night, moving towards Laurel n IN leaving only
few Iaen In charge of the sick, cannon aad c. III
eQuipagR ard trans por.Gtion.
A rapid march was then made by General Nc
Clellan to Beverly, passing Gen. RoseDcrantz's
command on the road, which followed quickly
AZ Beverly 1t was ascertained late that day that
the Snfederate forces at Laurel Hill had retr.aed
moving towards Romnev. Our total loss is NOT
more than II killed and 35 led
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1861-07-15

ARREsr FOR HoMIcIDx-On the 9th instant a
disturbance occurred in the camp of the Twenty
seventh Penna Regiment, Col Einstns In which
Sergeant haufholtz, Of the same regiment. was
shot and has since died. Two men, Vim Ersbv
ana WIN isphording, also of that regiment, one
Of whom II is supposed fred, were taken before
Justice Dom yesterday, and committed for a for.
ther hearing, how soon Ia not known, rs the wit.
nesses are now away In Virginia with the regi.
ment
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1861-07-15

DIscIPLINK-Gen. Nc DoweIl In rjpidlv enfo,c
ing The Army rules and regulations In his di.
VISION, and IL 10 no unusual thing to see soldiers
drummed out. for some breach of discipline.
iea&Iday while on the Virginia side Of the river
"bobbin' around" we heard the drum .nd ar
disconrsing the doleful strains Of the .Ropues
March" and soon saw a procession which con-
sisted OF drum corps and two files of men with
reversed arms. Between these files was the cub
ject Of military election and be certainly Iook ed
as II drumming out'' was a very ordinary occur
renee with him. He was escorted across the
bridge and left to bis fate
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1861-07-15

IHE TwENrs-sIxTH Pennsylvauia Regiment,
Col, Small, marched down 10 the Arsenal this
morning and exchanged their muskets for i'm
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1861-07-15

fHf.-Aoout nine O'Clock last night an alarm
of hre was created by the sudden rejection of Heht
against the Capitol: The alarm bells were rung
and the fremen were promptly at their engine
houses When 1T was ascertained that the fire
which oaussd the alarm was for useful purposes
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1861-07-15

IN 0n the 18th instant By Rev. Mr.. Remicv
THOMA e.. EDWARDS TO Miss IIJSEV
DENNlSON. 10th of this city.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1861-07-15

WHiIzH uRsr, No. 4:a pc,n,,,,,-.,,,a
sSsllnx Yiewsof NJ liiary Enea.g n,n..,. nssue,
b.. haishsll House (AIersndri.l. Eba,n
elnSsce Laksnesses q Distinp uished Men In
bic Cara ph moer Of the present Congress-. See
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1861-07-15

MALICIOUS MIscEIEF AND ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
morning at a very early hour, some person or p.r
sons forced out the window of the cellar Of Joseph
w Dayis's store, corner o. E and Ninth streets
and got into the cellar, and from the cellar into
the store by the trap-door They robbed his coun.
ter drawer of about fifteen dollars in small change
and then turned the spiggots OF all the liquor
oil casks, allowing the contents to run out The
loss Mr. ID. estimates at between six and eight
hundred dollars
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1861-07-15
REGISTRARS OFFICE,
w CIry Hin Jply ist

w CITY HALL. July LIST, 1851.
ALL WATER TAKERS are hereby notified
that their Water Rents for the year commen cing
office. -.
The following is the law of the Corporation Gin
relation 70 delinquent water-take's," viz: -.
b" In all cases Of the non payme of the water
rent for thirty days after the same is due and pay
able, the Water Registrar shall NOTIFY the iur-
shall discontinue the supply Of water imured a tey
by cutting OF the water at the main, and he shall
not O. low IL to be again used in said de inq uent's
prfmises except on notification by the Water Re
glst:ar that the water rent has been paid O also
water" .la| : =. ---'-7-Il -
The Law will be enforced. , s,..
!, b r-.r- RANDOLPH COYLE,
IL LIN lIntaIll :. - Water II ee istrar
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1861-07-15

"hTCHREPhIRING hNUSfLyEK WARE
w MANUFACT0RY.
havs one of the best establishments ard fur
nished with complete set Of tools for repair
ing every description of fms Watches, ard fatS
particular attention give To the same, by asSE
thorough competent %OTk Inaa sud a. work rnaTNn-
ted. Afro, every Gescrip ION Of standard SILVER
WARE. plain and ornamental, manufac tim Ell un.ler
iay Own suPervision, which my customers Will fnd
fer sursrio- Ii suality and nish To northern ygare
sod ~ dea in general and represented rs their
own nznniactnre. II. q. HOOD,
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1861-07-15

a, c.s cso:s, who was concerned In the captare
1a,td, erc.'es ints seneca evsry night sinc. Dc
RAIL- wei OF tie federal roops, and 10 sat
M, e"sfy evening. The Mounted Guard
mig IL pay him . visit some nfo bs '''DN~ oaoo
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1861-07-15

81. sIHiY in MOURNING GOODS.
We offer all the best grades of mourning Goods
IN our stock at greatly reduced sEi9ss fot cese;a
m Is ~ 1z4fu j. w. COiIEt " VI.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1861-07-15

CAUGHT IN THE ACr-A fellow representtnu
himself as a member Of the Tnirty-hrst New
York Regiment, was caught Saturday night by
Mr.. B Peters engaged IN robbing his stand or,
Seventh street Centre market Of a quantity of
eggs The owner could do nothing more than
give tie thief tumble In the street after which
he made himself scarce. There was no police
abolt
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1861-07-15
Oh. Fares Champagne.
J.R. GLONINoER q CO.,

E.rlsiK beea sc geuts for the sa.e Of tie
above braid of CHAMPAGNE WINE. offer "a
Ter sa e. re yInE upon its inertia 70 establish me-
the reputation il hss already acquired IN our
Southern Citles.
Besides o'taiuing . hrst-ci,ss Neda, st the
French Ex kItTt4OG If ISIS, NJ. Farre has bean
appointed PuTveyoT 10 the Co1rts Of spain 4nd
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1861-07-15

WASHINGTON AND BALTIMORE
VIII run rs follows:
LEAVE WASHINGTON at Is and 7 10 q. m
ahu 81 ana 40 p. m. arriving at Baltimore at 5.5p
and 9. SO IL. an 4.05 and 80 p. IN.
LEAVE BALTiM ORE a, 42O and % q. m and
St5 and5 p m arriving at Washing ton e. Go ana
10. 10 q. m. and IS cnd IS D. IN.
Passenger Trains leaving Washington at TO 8.
m. aGd - p. m, and Baltimore a. 81 a. M and
junction.
Trains leave Annapolis for Baltimore and WASH
ihston at $50 a. IN. ard Is ?. IN.
Passenger Trains leaving W ashinston st s.l5 an6
5:l0 a. m and 80 p: N. make direct Connexions at
BALTIMORE for PhiiadeIphia, New York, Boston,
All articles of freight mot c0ntrahand OF war;
will be transported over the line. Tonnage Trains
will leave baltimore At ~ q. IL. Leave " aching
ton et7.p.
by order Of the Secre;ar, of War:
THOMAS 4. SCOTT,
m IL General MauaEar
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1861-07-15

4 HE Subscriber having made additions to hi,
factory, Wsking it nov one of the largest, cxgE. 81
In the District, whore his tseilitss SlfEEe
LIGHT WAGONS Of al kinds cannot he sur
passed, and from his long experience in the bust
ncss, he hopes % give general satisfactjon
on hand ~
All REPAIRS neatly done. ard 81 order,
promptly attended 10.
Second hand Cairiages taEag in axch.r.e S,r
new ones. ANDREW J. JOYCE
10 IT corner Of Pou rtee nth nd r str
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1861-07-15

ROW ALMOST Saturday afternoon, two sol.
aleis Of the ozart regiment entered sesar store
cf ashington, and raised a disturbance Ina
ace Dom and several citizens and with them
mem Der OF The Twelfth New York regiment
HIeu 10 qulet them and the Twelfth regiment
20 persuade the crowd to disperse and not lam up
the door OF the store, and b kade the pa yement
but ne was resisted bya sergeant Of one regi ment
was greatly encouraged by small man in ci,i-
zen's AZURE, who clsimed to be an adjutant who
offered to instruct the justice In what he should
uo. without listening to him the Justice sent for
for the crowd dispersed instanter.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1861-07-15

CHIEF ASSISTANT QUARTERMASTER's
~ OFFICE,
WASHING TON, ID. c., July 4, 1861
SEALED PROPOSALS Will be received at this Office
until IL m on the 10th instant to furnish l2O,WU
twenty thou aud bushels of Oats, 10 be detyr red
at the Railroad Depot or at G street wharf w ash
lngton, D. C., on or before SGth day of July, 1861
The oats to be recsived by weight at the m e of
(S2l thirtytw pounds 10 the bushel, and to be Dnt
uPin good, sutsIasta sacks OF about two bush, Is
The bids TO be enc" rsed. Proposals for Oats -
Good And SUING lont security will be req for
the fulhlment Of tie contract.
The Assistant u uaT:ermaster reserves the night
to rejeot oil bids rhat may be deemed 100 hi IN.
Payment to be made when al the oats are deiv-
cred. ID. H kITCKER
jyS I'd Assistant q uarternnstaT n = A
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1861-07-15

CENTRAL GEkRpuoSsr CAsrs- Ysfo,e Jssties
DOM -Josephine Miles, drunk end disofderly;
wotkhouse 90 days Joseph Thomas, tcolored,
do. do 90 days. George White, vagrant, do !;
~ days. A. number OF soldiers were brought In
~ TIE provost guard, and turned over 70 tGeir
Be-. %. -
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1861-07-15

HEADQUARTERS FOR SOLDIERS Ev
= cry Soldier in the eity should ca!i a. SMITHS
No, $50 Seventh street, opposite the Post Ofioe,
an snd 81 s9y thsir CLOTHING SHIRTS: col Lass,
snd CAPS, Dc il IL the Cheapest Store ia town 10
buy Clothing and Furni shius Goods.
J. Ii. SMITH, Ciothlor,
ma 3-3m No. 400 $even;n IT.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1861-07-15

"A Morn FROM A Jusr1cR.- editor Rrsnine
Star:--The report In the Star Of SstnrI>av, 81
case Of assault and battery tried before me on
Thprsday last, critc!sss an absurdity in the ap.
plication OF the law term ''asinsHs farJndl !"
both pertinent TO issue Of the character
then presented, and as being placed In that part
Of the case under examination stated In the re-
port This being no doubt done through some
misconstruction or inattention OF the reporter,
am impelled 10 correct the erroneous idea which
the reading Of the paragraph would convey, and
to explain that the counsel for defence, In his
speech, stating that he intended to show the
.'asimxs" Of the csmplainant's entrance into the
house, DENYING that he ever received the inform
alton that his children were In want, and that bis
going where they and his wife were was mere
pretext or excuse for stealing (veheTnensly enl-
phnsi King the word) into the house was here
upon remarked IN the counsel, I'm a jestng tone,
that the Court might now s'get AT the snfnlus
furaadi Of the case The remark was not made
upon the point Of rule Of evidence az statesi.
Two other inaccuracies occurred In the repost,
which will not refer to-, "a s.. rrt. ss..s u.
BY inserting. this note Of corrections In your
paper, VI viii obiiQe,o sd = 10 hssesgsl tgl
= yonrs. respectfully, .szls. Jao II. JoHNsss. !.
WashiSgton, July IA, 1891.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1861-07-15

SERIOUS AFFAIR IN GEoRsErowN "A p,,v,.e
y, s1s slxty.ninth New York Regiment was at
ac1sa In Georgetown Yesterday, near the corner
Ss,n nsidge and Congress streets, hya young man
Stone on the head, fractnring his stnli no hsdix
~s,n apose the brain. Ellis 10 under arress, and
s.,n. .ooaoty be detained, 90 doubts are enter.
W me recovery Of the wounded man.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1861-07-15

- AT SuIeIps-Testerday. q soldies Of
The Thirty Senp pied sa,icide by cutting his
Mcdonald. foiled In that attempted TO
throat, and bei. Yss sent directly to the In
drown himself h, rs YVES insane 1t the mo.
rnent a. ... a.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1861-07-15

THK REV. 3. TusTIs, d. d., preached, nv IN
vtation, on Sunday morning last TO the twenty
sixth regiment (Col Small's) Of Penrsvlvani,
Volunteers, enramped In the vicinity of this city
The marked attention Of the soldiers indicated
their lively interest In the services OF the occas
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1861-07-15

POTAT0Rs-P0TATO
> lSf Reeerv.d $50 busbs prIm. %HITE
AEREEH '.UTATGES- Or sale low and
49, 1900. : - BENZ. darcy.
HJOORE,s WEST END SODA FOllAT IL
WI A full one Alton. dispensing pure CsrhUnio
Aeis ~ AZ ,, ith nioe sirnps OF dihsrert tsvors,
,naadit,,s'' r. fne stock OF Medic,hes, he hss .
&c srsf ss soytnsnt Of TSiist Arti.i o. tle c.gsrs
&c. Pis ID ~ ARA ~ =
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1861-07-15

COMMITTED TO JAIL Yesterday three prison
ers Of war, all Of the Fifth Alabama regiment
taken by Gen McDowells pickets. over In Fair
and committed to jail by Justice Dorm. TheiI
names are d. d. Figuet, Robert Paulding, and
J. r. Walker. 49, :
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1861-07-15

OurRAeR-Saturday evening as Mr. John Fo
was crossing Armory lot on his way to market
be was accOsted by three soldi ers. one Of whom
struck him blow knocking his hat OF Seein
the party Were about to use him foul be too
safety In flight, leaving behind him his hat
which the party afterwards offered for sale In tb
market house for twenty five cents They wer
dressed In grey, with grey skull cap and blu
tassel Their purpose was no doubt to obtai
money.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1861-07-15

HousrBfEAKKR SHor--Last Saturday night a
couple OF soldiers attempted 10 break into house
% Capitol Bill, and had succeeded a taking out
one square Of glass, and were working ON enoiher.
snen discovered by the Inmate Of the room He
ctept up TO the window, and, not wishing to XIII
ne man, shot him In the legs The man felI. but
was sssissed up by his conn anion, and helped or
towards East capito, street -
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1861-07-15

COMPANY A Captain Lloyd) Of the National
Guards-which has done such excellent service
at the various points where 1t has been on duty
marched M the svenue this morning, to pay their
handing officer Col Tat; after which they were
mustered out o. service. A finer looking COM
pany than the Guards appeared on parade to-day,
we have never seen.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1861-07-15

w TRAVELLING TRUNKS
w OEer for sale the largest assortment Of
TRAVELLING TRUNKS 10 DO found inszsyzr
this city, comprising best Sole Leather x41S
ladies' Dress and Packing TRUNKS, Va-<SzASS
lioes. Carpet Bags, 60, which " are Low Sc ling
at very low prices. r----r
WALL. STEPHENS & CO.,
ADJ 400 Pam ayan1.
The Jeffersonian Democrat. [volume] (Chardon, Ohio) 1854-1865, 1861-05-24
For the Jtnrrsoninn Democrat
LINES TO THE VOLUNTEERS OF
GEAUGA COUNTY,

A dark and 10 Cring shadow o'erspreuds our
country now,
And hrmesi hearts with sadness boat, cloud is
on zach brow;
But, though our hearts are sad, yet they are
strong aud brave.
And Gruugu's nobfc freemcI will help the
Union save.
When our country's call was heard, you respond.
ed to the cry,
And volunteered 10 save her, or Tor your coun
ty die;
When vile dctcsted traitors infost our own dear
land,
Geaugas noble sons among her frccmcn stand
We know that you will firmly stand in dangers
darkest hour,
And protect our country's rights by united
strength and power;
Your hearts are firm and true, though dangers
stcfnly irown,
Nor will you hesitate TO put vile traitors down.
You love the Stars and Stri es which our beau.
trous banner gem.
For these you will bodily fight, ard ever cherish
item
And boldly fight Cor Freedom be noble, just
aud true.
For Freedom will be wor hy noble men like
you.
J. A. d.
Montvillc, May lth, 1851
The Jeffersonian Democrat. [volume] (Chardon, Ohio) 1854-1865, 1861-05-24
WHOLE NO., 593.

PERIopIcAL RETURN OF WARM SUM
MERs.--Two interesting papers have been
recently presented 10 the Academy Of
Sciences. by NJ. Reuou, a distinguished
me eorologist of France. He shows Tint
in Europe, severe winters follow each
other in groups OF five or six at time,
and generally recur 10 nearly the same
order Of severity in the course Of a period
Of forty one years. 1t would be OF. no
small value in meteorological point Of
view TO institute similar inquiries at va-
rious suitable points in North and South
America. AS far rs NJ. Renou has been
able TO judge, the period of forty one
years is not SO apparent in ihe case Of
summers as iE that of winters but the
foimer seem to recur Immediately after
the expiration OF The period Of severe win
ters. The other seasons appear TO be
more easily amerable TO the period of
forty.one years. M. Renou notices some
curious condolences thus the minimum
temperature Of the year occurred in ! 1905,
on the 18th Of December, and in 1916, on
the 18Th OF that month /; in ] SOC the same
minimum fell on the 18th of March, and
IN lS47 on the same day. In both cases,
it will be remarked, the interval Of years
is the same. II is also a singular fact
that the Teiiod Of forty-one years is pre-
ciseIy that which seems to belong 10 the
return OF the solar spots at the same sea-
son ofthe year. Late observations prove
that the magnetic needle experiences a
daily average oscillation which increases
,,sl. ,,.e II 10,
spots; whence NJ. Hansteen has endeav-
ored TO fix the period Of these spots at
eleven years but sufficient number Of
years has not yet elapsed TO enable us TO
veryfy the assertion.
The Jeffersonian Democrat. [volume] (Chardon, Ohio) 1854-1865, 1861-05-24
Charles Sumner in Baltimore,

IL is wi known that the Hon. Charles
Sumner was in Baltimore on tho nights
preceding tho attack on tho Massachusetts
Sixth Regiment. Mr.. Sumner was on his
way hGmo from Washington, and stopped
in Baltimore without being aware OF tho
excitement which was prevailing. IN the
evening hc visited lady of his oquaiIlance,
whose husband was absent at New York on
business. On his return to tho hoto he
found AN excited crowd before tho house.
and learned that it was on BIS account. llo
was assured that ho could not stav Ihere
Without risk to his own life aud danger to
the house; yet ho did stay, and went away
early in tho morning.
Three DAYS afterwards. when tho mob
spirit ruled Baltimore, on the Simple fact
that MIR. Sumner called to sec this lady, she
was driven from hor home by tho mob. aud
with great d flicuIiy aud at an enormous
expense did shc succeed in getting away.
ilocing with hcr six children TO Philadelphia.
| This lady is native of Baltimore, well
kuown aud highly respected. The an
nouncemen: of hor fight to Philadelphia is
thus given in letter FROM n Philadelphia
irlond to lady in the vicinity of Boston:
This morning Mrs. -- arrived here
! from Baltimore with her SIX litto childron.
/ ono HaON. vi lno greatest ulstrcss aU0
ponnilUss. Her husband was sent by Lord
Lrous with dispatches to the New York
steamer. aud whlo no was absent the mob
rushed into her house. forcing her to fly
from it. She paid ninety dollars for a car
! riage to got away in. Tho reason the mob
gavo was that Charos Sumner was seen
coming out of their house tho night he
passed through from Washington. last
Thursday week and that her husband was
an Englishman
Such is n specimen of tho boastcd chiv.
alry and galiantry of a people who are to
have monuments erected to their memory
for Tho deeds of the l9rh April. and whose
friends make thcir principal charge ngains
tho North of Vandalism" and want of 70.
| tiuement.-B Boston Alias.
The Jeffersonian Democrat. [volume] (Chardon, Ohio) 1854-1865, 1861-05-24
The Law Of Blockade.

A blockade is high act of sovereign
authority. Every bclligrreut has a right
TO blockade the ports Of his enemy, but in
order to render neutral vessels liable to
the penalty which attaches TO breach OF
the blockade there must be
First. an actua! blocGadc imposed BY
competent authority. Second. notice
thereof. Third, q violation of the block
ace. A mere proclamation that a par.
ticular por, is invested is sufficient TO con.
stitute a legal blockade. For that pur-
pose it is necessary that the place BE- in.
vested by competent naval force. A
blockade commences from the time Il
competent naval force is stationed to pre-
vert communication. There nre two
kinds Of blockade /; one by the simple fact
only the other by notification, accom-
panied by the fact. In the former case,
when the fact ceases (otherwise than by
accident or the shifting OF the wind, ithcre
is Immediately An end Of the block ade.-
But when the fact is accompanied by a
public notification from the government
of a helligercnt country to neutral gov.
ernmcnts, 1jrjnla fdcie the blockade must
be supposed to exist ill ii has been pub
licly repealed.
A blockade must be existing in point
Of fact, and TO constitute that existence
there must be power present 20 enforce it,
The famous Berlin and Milan DEGREES and
the British orders in council we're held
Illegal, because they assumed, in contra
vention Of The clearcst principles Of public
law, to impose the penalties of a breach
ot blockade where no actual blockade cx.
listed in other words, to create a block
ade by proclamation. The United States
government has uniformly insisted that
blockade should 0e made effective by the
presence Of n competent force, and have
also protested against the application Of
the rights Of seZuse and conf tiscation to 10
elIectual or fictitious blockade.
A blockade having been established,
the ingress and egreSs of vessels are acts
treated es breaches of it, for the destruc-
tion OF the cnemy's commerce is The very
object OF the blockade. 1t is intended to
suspend the entire commerce Of the place,
and neutral is no more at liberty to as.
sist the traffic Of exporaion than OF i'm.
portstion. The utmost that can be allowed
to neutral is, that having taken in cargo
before the blockade begins, she may be
q! liberty to retire with it.
The sanctions OF the law Of blockade
are the seizure and condemnation OF the
offending ship or cargo, either or both.