The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1861-01-28
NEW YORK HERALD, MONDAY, JANUARY %, 1861.

Europe.
The history Of Europe 10 now centred in the
history Of ono man-that political Aephisto-
phfies, Louis Napoleon. He ct ubiqae Ia .
motto peculiarly appropriate to him. He towers,
wizardlike, over every Court in Europe, and,
Ike Jupiter he may be said to even shake the
world with his nod. That he is averse v
united Italy we have every reason to believe,
a. we'll from tho long continued presence Of
the French feet at Gaeta rs the correspondence
which has recently taken place on the subject
between the governments Of France and Eng
land. He has decided preference for coa-
federation of States, and would propose that Aus
tria should sell venetia; that Victor Emanuel be
named King of Piedmont Lombardy, Venetia,
Parma and M0dena; that the Bourbon King Of
the Two Sioilies and the Grand Duke of Tus-
cany be restored, and that the Pope hold the
patrimony of st. Peter, and govern the Lega-
tons, the Marches and Umbria by q Grand
Vicar. We always knew that he was opposed
to the unity of the Italian kingdom. And why?
Because he was justly apprehensive that such
monarchy would become greater power In
Europe than even Austria, and act IS check
upon the power of France. Here wisdom and
selfshness go together in diplomatic combina-
ton; and meanwhile he is arming for the fray.
He has recently been presented with
letter, at the hands of the Cardinal Arch
bishop Of Paris, from the episcopal dig
nitaries Of Syria, expressive of the
gratitude of the Christians of the Lebanon for
all the benefits which they have received from
the generous policy there pursued by him. And
from this and many other signs of the times we
have no cause to doubt his intention to con-
tinue the military and moral hold he has ao
quired in Syria. That such course, however,
viii be source of discord with England we
feel convinced.
The diplomatic correspondence between
England and France is said to have resulted in
an agreement on the part of the French EN-
peror to withdraw the feet from Gaeta after
the expiration of truce between the armies of
Francis III. and Victor Emanuel, sufficient to
allow of negotiations for the surrender of the
fortress. When that event occurs, if no unex-
pected interference takes place, we may look
for the speedy defeat of the Bourbon king.
But an unpleasant rumor comes to us that two
Russian men-of-war, already before Gaeta, may
take the place of the French squadron. and
maintain the blockade with the tacit consent of
Louis Napoleon. Should such occur there will
be trouble in England.
As to the chances of war between Piedmont
and Austria in the ensuing spring, we are by
no means certain. Cavour we know to be
averse to it, and the peace party in Italy will
decidedly make q stand against the proposed
movement of Garibaidi At present the reao-
tionary spirit at Naples and elsewhere is not a
symptom favorable to the long talked of cam
paign, so far as the government of the new
monarchy is concerned. An Italian attack
upon the Quadrilateral might be the signal for
general uprising Of the Bourbon royalists,
Piedmontese army That Austria, moreover,
would be sustained by its natural allies of the
Germanic Confederation is certain, and there
would be a strong probability of Russia also
coming to the rescue. The odds would, there
fore, be against the Italians, even when aided
by the whole strength of Hungary.
What next arrests our attention is the
condition of the Pope. Pho Mono pre-
SCENTS melancholy spectacle, as, on the
verge of losing his temporal power,
through his own misgovernment and inca
pacity, he mingles anathemas with prayers and
entreaties, without either the courage to defy
calamity or the philosophy to suffer it in 81
lence. Instead of counting his blessing as the
natural guardian Of her interests, Italy eyes
him with aversion, and even Garibaldi has not
hesitated to denounce him publicly in the Ca
tholic city of Naples, in language which the
boHdest Orangeman would hardly venture to
employ.
Spain alone remains faithful to him in the
midst of his tribulation, in which derison and
despair, religion and worldliness, alternate
with a deplorable want Of dignity. Matters
are now reaching such crisis as must shortly
compel the Holy Father to seek humber
lodgings than the Vatican, or accept of sub
sidy from the government of the new Italian
kingdom; for when Invested of cxtraneous mat
ter the Papal question becomes q mere fnan-
cial problem. He is answering in his deter
mination to retain his temporal sovereignty on
terms Of absolute independence, and he
spurns the idea of accepting subsidies
consequence Of which is that he has
TO rely entirely on resources arising
from the patch Of territory which he still re-
tains, and the voluntary contributions of the
faithful BY ascertaining the probable amount
Of these resources we can hazard q shrewd
guess as to how long the Court Of Rome can
continue its present obstinate resistance; for az
long as the money lasts the Pope will persevere;
but when that fails he must surrender, like a
starved out garrison. The revenue Of the Papal
government prior to the ACKNOWLEDGMENT of its
territory, was equivalent to sixteen millions of
dollars, more than one-third of which had to be
appropriated to the payment Of interest of the