Litchfield enquirer., 1861-07-18
WHOLE NO. 1885.

ol later generation into the deadly paradoxes
 UT looo and l860,-kindred products of the
 same soil ;-the one asserting the monstrous , My apsurolty tnnt state though remaining in the . Chloh' coui9 py her single act nullify law of Congress; the other teaching the stiff more nre.
 posterous doctrine that single state may nuilifv } the constitution. The first of these heresies , failed to spread far beyond the latitude where it was engendered In the Senate of the United 1 States the great acuteness of it's inventor then
 the Vice President and the accomplised rhetoric
 of it's champion (tIr. Haync) failed to raise it
 above the level of plausible sophsm. It sunk forever discredted beneath the sturdy common
 sense and indomitab!e will of Jackson the mature
 wisdom of Livingston the keen annalysis of Clay,
 and the crushing logic of Webster.
 Nor was this all :: The venerable author of
 the Resolutions of l799 and of the report of
 l'99 was still living in green old age. His
 connection With those state papers and still
 more hls large participation in the formation
 and adoption of the constitution, entitled him
 beyond all men living to be consulted on the subject. No effort was spared by the leaders
 of the notification school to draw from him even qualified assent to their theories But
 in vain. He not only refused to admit their
 soundness but he devoted his time and energies
 for three laborious years to the preparation of
 essays and letters, the object was to demons
 trate that his resolutions and report did not
 and could not bear the Carolina interpretation.
 He earnestly maintained that the separate ac- ton of an individual state was not contempla- ted by them, and that they had in view nothing
 but the concerted action of the states to procure the repeal of unconstitutional laws or an amend ment of the constitution.
 With one such letter written with this intent, myself was honored. It filled ten pages of the wit ,;,-;,, published. It unfolded the true theory of the constitution and the meaning and design of the l resolutions, and exposed the false gloss attemp- i ted to be placed upon them with clearness and force of reasoning which defied refutation.
 None to my knowledge, was ever attempted. The politicians of the nullifcation and seces- sion school as far as I am aware have from that day to this made no attempt to grapple with Mir. AIadisons letter of August, 1830 (Norh American Reriesc, Vol .XNXI., p. 587) Mir. Calhoun certainly made no such attempt in the elaborate treatise composed by him mainly for the purpose of expounding the doctrine of nullif- cation. He claims the support of these reso- lutions without adverting to the fact that his interpretation of them had been rppudiated by their illustrious author. He repeats his explo
 ded paradoxes as confidently as if Mr. Madison
 himself had expired with the Alien and Sedi-
 tlon laws and left no testimony to the meaning
 ot his resolutions; while at the present day, with
 equal confidence, the same resolutions are ap-
 pealed to by the disciples of Mr. Calhoun as sustaining the doctrine ofsecession. in the face 1 of the positive declaration of their author when 1 that doctrine was first timidly broached that
 they will bear no such interpretation.
 -----s- e-
 HE YOUNGEST MAJOR GENERl1.-If large na- tive talents, joined to thorough education and an added opportunity, with years for the play of all, give assurance of the growth and distinction of d man. Gen. George B. Mcclellan has the proudest future before him of any man now up- on the field of active life in America He is the youngest of the Major-Generals in the Federal army, being only B, and ranks next to General Scott, who is twice his age, and perhaps is inc youngest man who ever obtained so high q posi- ton m our history. His father was of Connect Icnt birth, a graduate of Yale College, and an eminent physician in Philadelphia. The son graduated at West Point in l846, at the age of twenty; and came out of the Mexican war four years alter Captain. He served ill the engine CTS corps, and afterwards in the cavalry, and rose to the rank of Major in 1855. He then went to Europe and visited the Crimea. bv the order of the Government, and prepared mn bis return valuable report on the European war of that time. tile Crimaan campaign, and the organ lzatlon oi foreign armies. Life in the army was too dull for his active, ambitious mind, and be resigned in 1857, and became Vice President and active manager of the Illinois Central Rail. road residing in Chicago. This post he held till last summer, when he resigned it to accent the Presidency and general superintendency of the Ohio and Mississippi Railroad (Cncinnati ana ot. Louls) where the civil war found him a ready volunteer, and he returned to the army which he left g Major, after an absence of foyr years springing into Major Generalship. His choice, personal and military accomplshments only forbid his old comrades looking with envy upon his rapid promotion. Whatever feeling of this sort the events of lis career may suogsst are overborne by pride in bis growth, and conf. dence in his ability to serve his country in a manner commensurate with his advanced posi- ton. Gen. Mcclellan was married last summer to daughter Of Capt. Marcy, of the regular army, and granddaughter of the late Laban Marcy, ot Greenwich in Hampshire Co.,, Mass. So that tn Massachusetts, as we'll as Connecticut and Pennsylvania (his birthplace,) and Ohio (his re. sldence) holds a personal interest, and feels personal pride in the man and his ruture
 At the principal telegraph stations in Ens. land the direction of the wind throughout tSs kingdom at 10 a. m is shown daily. On laroe map hung in the Hobbies of the stations a c;rc3, about halfan inch in diameter surronnJs aonh seaport and principle city, on the surface of winch circle names expressive of the different kinds of weather, and also the initials of inc difference of the compass are printed. Two smoll watch-hands one red and the other white ora
 inserted in each circle. By means of the bands the state of the weather and the direction os the wind throughout the country are indicated. and the progress of ships known to be on tho coast can be pretty accurately guessed at from so day to day. It is expected that these msns U will come into general use among persons inter. ested in shipping who can have the hands in carcles regulated by the telegraph company eve. ry day. p""' e'e' ', HE lIME OF THE THREE MONTHS MEx.-Cen McDowell has decided that the time of the vol. @nteers W dates from their being sworn in by the Government A notion has prevailed that W if dated ti from the volunteering, or acceptance by 1helr r, States. Under McDowell's decision the as 1st U; V. will be entitled to discharge on the Eth of August.
 SssF The Washington correspondent of tho N. |. Commercial Advertiser says that when the cheering tones of loyalty fell from Mr. Grows lips, when taking the Speakers chair, MT. Breckinridge turned as pale as death, ana the words of patriotism and devotion seemed to grate