The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1861-02-28

Il
Try had completely changed the colonies OF
Great Britain become free sovereign States held
together BY the federal government As colonies .hs
the land States their wealth had decreased and that
Of the North increased In even greater proportion Cities
into existence and many had greatly decreased popu
ton Manufactures dourshed in the North; In the
This result the inhabitants Of the South attributed
the tariff bills which had been enacted claiming that the
American system, which afforded protection 80 called,
yerished them " enrich other members OF the con-
| federacy.
sentiments Of sections in relation the question
New England had hitherto favored free trade, in this
agreeing with the South but she crossed 70 the
other side, alleging that acting accordance with the
protective systems encouraged BY the bills Of 1915 and
@ which had @ ssS sss1 policy sns
Accordingly, now find Mr.. Webster advocating the
protective system which he had SO strongly opposed
l few years since
The question began 10 assume sectional aspect
wse then The South was ready to agree to protection
and ably advocated through her greatest she
had favored as lately iSas protective mp. IN
For protection the Middle and Western States opposed
New England and all the Southern States except Lou
After 1924 New England favored protection leav
ing only the South opposed TO It, Thus see the ques
ION became sectional leading TO the troubles Of 1882
TARIFF OF 1882.
Future generations will look back the struggles Of
1882 and 1851 with great interest In the former year
| the Southern States commenced movement which,
though time stopped by the President Of the nation
was not crushed out The inhabitants Of South Carolina
considered themselves aggeved by the acts Of Congress-
and sought redress by notification The action Of Jack
well understood by every American and it Is only
regretted that the blow then given the movement
was not final one. But az much deplore it, the
fact remains that the resisting or secession spirit was
only checked not subdued Like the IRE in the heart OF
tbo had nny n hupe forth ult
brilliant light and destructive force In this year OF our
The session Of Congress held in 1882 was one Of the
most stormy on record. The measures brought up for
its consideration were among the greatest which
portant among these the Of the National
Bank charter and the continuance Of the protective
sm great Tvs were sTops, up o. the
on the subject Il would be interesting and Instructive
quote from this speech but space prevents and we
He referred 70 the speech from which we
deporabe state the nation bad been previous TO the
year 1924 but now was az prosperous ss was then
depressed-a fact which he ascribed 70 the working Of
the Tariff bill Of that year The great points OF bis
speech rs follows
l. That the policy which we have been considering
That the free trade system which is proposed as it's
substitute ought really TO be considered as the British
g. That the American system beneficial 70 all parts
Of the Union, and absolutely necessary TO much the
That the price Of the great STAPLE cotton and Of all
chief products Of agriculture has been sustained and
upheld and decline averted by the protective system
g. That II the foreign demand for cotton has been at
all diminished by the operation of that system the d.
minution has been more than compensated in the add
That the constant tendency of the system, by
ing competition among ourselves and between American
and European industry, recprocaly acting upon each
other Ia 10 reduce the prices of manufacturing objects
That in point Of fact objects within the scope Of the
vRN1sA ~ ptoONrV have "a Has,
g. That in season Of peace these benefits are expo
perienoed, In season Of when the foreign supply
might be cut of, they would be much more extensively
Q. And, finally, that the substitution OF the British
colonial system for the American system without bene
fitting any section Of the Union, by subjectng to
foreign legislation regulated by foreign interests would
lead to prostration of our manufactures, general i'm
poverishment and ultimate ruin.
The blu passed and precipated the Southern rcvolu.
tioD.
Mr.. Hayne delivered great speech on the crisis, in
revolution then naugurated ito act in spirit OF concee
son and not force the South out Of the Union by acts of
aggression He forcibly showed the seriousness q the
feeling in his section and appealed TO all to restore bar
mony TO the nation
TARIFFS OF 1912 AND 1916.
The tariff Of 1912, like those preceding ii, pro
tective tariff Its high duties rapidly substituting
domestic articles and excluding foreign consequently
the must decline The result of protection,
oordng Robert j. Walker, be the humiliation of
CARDS protected products With tho exclusion dminu
tion Of imports the exports must or be reduced,
for foreign nations could not buy them The bill of 1912
upheld by the wing party and gave no satisfaction
to the South It's and prohbitory duties mad
tendency annhate imports and revenue, and produce
q reaction fatal to the protective policy
The first attempt at its revision made in 1874 at
the first session Of the Twenty eighth Congress bill
relating to it was reported by Gen Mckay Of North Ca
roina chairman of the Committee Ways aud Means,
discussed In Committee Of the Whole the State of
the Union. 1t was reported back TO the House. and
there laid the table, On The l4th day Of April lS46
the Tariff bill reported TO the House. II q
democratic measure, and consequently opposed by
the wings, 1t passed the House BY majority Of 49,
time whether tax should be levied on tea and cor
fee This strongly and consistently opposed by Long
John Wentworth who has figured for many years IN the
pelitics Of Illinois In December, 1846, Robt. j. Walker
Secretary eff the Treasury recommended tax Of twen
~ five per cent and coffee He said'I is impor-
tant all times shown by uniform experience but
especially in period Of war, TO keep balance OF at
least four millions Of dollars In the treasury in order 70
supply mint and branch mints with bullion for
and foreign coin for recoinag as also TO be enabled
at all times pay the public creditors at every point,
patch AS one Of the means q angmenting the revenue
IL ia proposed that Congress shall authorize duty OF
mendaton Of avail, however, the tar not
levied.
The tariff question exerted a great influence the
election Of 1874, and the opinion Of Wentworth
that Clay had been favor OF free and coffee,
Polk against IT, the election would have resulted in favor
The objection Of the whg party 70 the bin Of 1876 was
that IL changed the principle which duties had been
collected from the rst year Of the government 70 that
Duties had been laid Articles imported, and not
the invoice price cost at the place OF export This mode
Of levying duties rendered the revenue uniform
than any other and its collection certain They3med
that under the ad vaorem system there existed no uni
formity They also urged that under the law OF IS46
the duties laid the value Of goods would he
difficult ,of collection that the amount collected
would depend in great measure on the veracty Of i'm
porters that by false they would be enabled 70
pay duty a smaller than the actual value Of tn
goods Tho system had no existence in any country but
The wings In fact always favored the protec
in preference TO the system believing that
the great aim Of every should be TO protect
could the labor OF those who bear its burdens
This they thought the Of the OF Euro
pean nations rhe operation OF the BILL they
soned will be opprees and destroy the labor Of our
people and give foreign manufacturers and merchants
| the control OF the American markets
/ THE MORRILL, BILL.
We now come 70 the bill which Mr.. Morrill, has submit
Il IN tho uousc would though m