Burlington free press. [volume] (Burlington, Vt.) 1827-1865, 1861-05-10
ORGANIZATION ASDPARTS or TUE
AE~Ty.

AEcIy.
S. many persons uDacquainte3 with the
organization ol the army, are making lnqul-
rics upon that subject, that We shall make
an outline Of its elements, "a rec suizs- ln
the French school. and IN ouT OWL, 80 az a.
", nave had urmIes Ile number lu cim-
panic regiments, dc, vary at dIHcreu- times
and vary hv law In times Oh peace the
rauk aud file are REDUCED 20 q skeleton. and
/ the officers retained, Owe speak of regulars,
So thar in time oi war they can soon be filed
/ IN The outline elements of an army are
these
4 COMPANY Is the unit OF au army. and
/ is supposed - average on war basis 100
men. cffcers included. Tho general rule for
/ the organization Of such d company give 1
captain. lieutenants ) serCeants ana cor
porals and IS men Formerly, each cJmpa-
nv had an ensign. WHO carried the tag but
his place is now supplied hy the color ser
reant There is one more sergeant than
clrporals. the first lieutenant being called
the orderly sergeant, and Is. next o. the cap
tain the most important man m the company
carving the books of the company, and
calling the roll, morning and evening. The
company Is formed, when Il column. into
two plat00us and four sections, each platoon
commanded by . lieutenant, and each -ecuon
by "a sergeant.
\ Regiment is regularly composed of ten
F COMPANIES or two battalion battalion
being halt 4 regiment composed OF i've COM
panies-one Of them called Light, OF Route
Company, intended IL regular service % OPP
crate outside Of the heavy columns, o. hank-
Ing parties, guards etc.
The officers OF d regiment, independent OF
company officers, are a colonel, lieut. colon
q, two maiors, adiutant. quartermasicr- and
commissarv. Zach separate body OF troops
must have q clmmlssary al1 uartermaeier,
but IN large army they ar aQporuoned u
regiments or bricades.-A regiment when
constituted, VIII be formed thus ! colonel,
! / lieut. colonel, ] adiutant, I Quartermaster
/ ] c0mmissary, majors 10 captains, %
{ lIeutenant- 50 sergoants 40 COrpOrals, and
/ $50 private Matchmaking ~, but N realI-
! ~ there are some others each company has
/ regularly a drummer and tiier which make
I 4 regimental band OF %, besides the drum
major. Then the regiment when full, ls
made Ut regularly TO 900 men.
a Brigade should be composed Of TWO Re-
gimcnts, a squadron of cavalry, and a corps
0l field artillery II these were all full,
complete brigade operating alone, would, IN
our service, OF in the French. make 2,5G0
mon
j Division il composed OF TWO brisades,
with additional corps Of cavalry and artil-
lery, making IN our army, including the
whole staff and music, 5000 men. This Is
the highest clement Of organization IN our
service. bu, 10 France, as they organize I'M
mensc armies, there Is one other,
The CorTs i composed OF two or more
Divisions frequently Of four or I've The
CORPS Is, in the French service. properly COM
manded by d field marshal-an officer IN
known TO our country-and the corps Is
properly complete army IN tSet
In Napoleon 3 marcn on Russia he had
eight or ten Of these corp in active service
making q field army OF from 80 GOO TO
800 coo men. From the e'erae1tS We have
given. it will be seen thai however large
the army may bc, It Is So organized as 20 be
periec; 10 al is parts, and moves with ex-
Get order anu discipline. In the field al.
orders and operations are carried on through
the staff Of the army, and when We come u
active service. tho staff Is the most import
ant part Of the army for, this being q vast
machln., Of which each part Is perfectly
obedieLt to. and directed by the head, il is
evident that all must depend on the skill,
ability. and Gisccrnment OF the staff through
which it acts 1t Is 10 vain that Scott, or
any great General commands, II the staff
officers are Incompetent.
The staff consists OF the aids, the Adiutant
General, the Engineer, the QuarteT-master
and Commissary Generals. Through the
Adiutant General all orders are conveyed to
each particular part. BY the Quarter-mas-
ter General all transp0rtations, and vehicles,
and horses are furnished by the commiss4ry
all supplies; by the Engineer the Typography
of the country is thoroughly examined, the
practicability Of passes determined, fortihca-
lions built or attacked Thus the staff Of an
army becomes its eyes. and all its faculties
the General simply deciding the movements
of the army, on the facts and elements thus
furnished. In the grand French armies
there was chiei-of-t the staff, or head Of the
active Military Bureau. In Napoleon time
this chief-oi the-staff was Marshal Bcrthier,
deemed one Of the ableSt officers OF the
French army. Napoleon knew the value Of
a good staff, and had ADLER sen in it than
were at the head Of the divisions. If any
extensive army should be formed, this should
always be the case.