davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Cass County Republican. [volume] (Dowagiac, Mich.) 18??-1880, 1861-05-09
What is Martial Law.

At the present crisis, the significance
of term so much used, and with SO
little accurate sense of its meaning, be-
comes unusually important.
Bowler defines martial law as Ga
code established for the government of
the army and navy of the United
States," whose principal rules are to be
found in the articles of war, prescribed
by act of Congress. But Chancellor
Kent says this definition applies only
to military law, while martial law is
quite a distinct thing, and is founded
on paramountnecessity, and proclaimed
by military chief.
Martial law is generally and vaguely
held to be suspension of all ordinary
civil rights and process-and as such
approximates closely to a military des-
potism.
1t is an arbitrary law, originating in
emergencies. In times of extreme
peril to the State, either from without
or from within, the public welfare de-
mands extraordinary measures. And
martial law being proclaimed, signifies
that the operation of the ordinary legal
delays of justice is suspended by the
military power, which has for the time
become supreme.
1t suspends the operation of the writ
of ha6eas corpus enables persons
charged with treason to be summarily
tried by Court Martial instead of Grand
Jury; justifes searches and seizures Of
private property, and the taking pos
session of public highways, and other
means of communication. Involving
the highest exercise CT CT sovereignty, il
is, of course, capable of great abuse
and is only to be justified on emergen
cies of the most imperative and perilous
nature such as now appear to exist in
Baltimore and Washington.
The Cass County Republican. [volume] (Dowagiac, Mich.) 18??-1880, 1861-05-09

DEATH OF BRAVE OFFICER-Our
citizens were panied yesterday morn
ing at the announcement of the death
of Captain T. Fink, the previous
night. On Thursday he was in excel
lent health, actively engaged at Fort
Wayne, mastering the first Michigan
Regiment into the service of the Uni
ted States. The excitement or exertion
incident to the occasion, is supposed
to have been the immediate cause OF
his death, which resulted from an at
tack of appolexy.
Captain Fink was a German by
birth, and emigrated to this country
almost twenty years ago, soon after
which he enlisted as private in the
United States army. His first active
service was in the Mexican war, where
he distinguished himself for bravery
and good conduct, and was Devoted
End Lieutenant for his gallantry in the
attack upon Chepultepec. In Deem
ber,1s52, he was promoted to lst Lieu
tenant, and in December, 1860 to the
rank of Captain. At the time OF his
death, he was Recruiting Officer al
this place, previous to which ne wa'
stationed at San Antonio, Texas. Ht
was in the 4lst year Of his age. His
funeral will take place to-day at o
clock, with military honors. All the
flags in the city Were yesterday raised
at half.mast,sin honor of his memory.
-Det. ADJ. Of Saturday.
The Cass County Republican. [volume] (Dowagiac, Mich.) 18??-1880, 1861-05-09


WASHINGTON, Sunday, May 5.
The State Department has furnished
the official correspondence between MIR.
Faulkner, the American Minister to
France, and M. Thouvenal, the French
Minister of Foreign Affairs.
Mr.. Faulkner informed M. Thouve-
nal that the President entertained full
confidence in the speedy restoration of
harmony, and of the unity of the Gov
eminent; the events might produce
temporary inconvenience to French
subjects, but that all injury should be in
demnifed that the President thong bit
1t not improbable that there would be
an appeal made to foreign governments
by the Confederate States for the re-
eognition of their Independence, and
when such appeal should be made, 1t
shall be opposed by the ministers that
may then represent the United States.
Mr.. Faulkner said thatthe only request
he had to make was, that no proposition
recognizing the dismemberment of the
Union shall be considered by France
until the arrival of the new Minister,
who will be fully instructed. M.
Thouvenal replied that no application
had yet been made. The French gov
eminent never acted hastilily on such
que tons, and he assured Mr.. Faulkner
that no precipitate action would be
taken on the subject by the Emperor.
He said the established usage was to
recognize de facto governments when a
proper case was made out. In reply
to question on the subject, Mr.. Faux
ner said he thought force would not be
used. The only solution of the question
was a modification of the Constitution,
or peaceable acquiesence of the claim
to separate sovereignty. M. Thouvenal
thoughtthe employment of force unwise.
In the Secretary of States instruction
to Minister Dayton, he is to consider
the instructions to former ministers by
the President, as unchanged, and not
withstanding any opinion expressed or
accorded by his predecessor, to assure
M. Thouvenal that no difference of
opinion exists between the President
and his Cabinet. The path is plainly
marked out by stern necessity, and not
in the hands of this Administration is
this Government to end. The assurance
of France not to take any hasty steps
is considered satisfactory, although
attended by reservations. Mr.. Seward
says in reply to Mr.. Faulkner's answer
that force would not be used, &C., that
"the time when these questions had
any pertinency has passed-insurgents
with deadly war have tried to compel
the Government to recognize the dis
memberment of the Union. We have
accepted this civil war as an inevitable
necessity. Constitutional remedies are
still open to the insurgents, and will
remain so. You cannot be too decided
in making kno,cn to the French goo
eminent that no idea does or goiU eaist,
Of suffering a dissolution Of the Union
to take place IN any ,oay, pedcea6ly on
forci6ly. 1t has never entered the mind
of any candid statesman here, and it is
high time for it to be dismissed by
European statesmen.
(Signed) "W. Il. SEWARD"
The Cass County Republican. [volume] (Dowagiac, Mich.) 18??-1880, 1861-05-09
Blockade of the Ports of Virginia.
UNITED STATES FLAG SHIP CUMBERLAND,

UNITED STATES FLAG SHIP CUMBERLAND,
OFF FORTRESS MONROE, Va, April 80, 1861. !
l hereby call attention to the procla-
nation Of his Excellency, Abraham
Lincoln, President of the United
States, under the date of April 81,
1861, for an efficient blockade of the
ports of Virginia and North Carolina,
and warn all persons interested that |
have q sufficient naval force here for
the purpose of carrying out that procla
nation.
All vessels passing the Capes of Vir-
ginia coming from distance, and ig
norant of the proclamation, will be
warned off, and those passing Fortress
Monroe will be required to anchor
under the guns of the fort and subject
themselves to an examination.
G. J. PENDERGRAST.
Flag Officer, Commanding Home Squadron.
The Cass County Republican. [volume] (Dowagiac, Mich.) 18??-1880, 1861-05-09
On the War Path.

Gen. Wool, the veteran of three wars.
is fully reused to the Importance of the
occasion. He has notified the govern
ment at Washington of his ability 10
bring 100000 men into the field and
open the route through Baltimore. He
would also bring into the field within
sixty days, a force sufficient to dispense
the rebels from Richmond, and hold
that city, and possess New Orleans and
the mouth of the Mississippi. This is
the way to talk land act. Let the cry
be, to arms! to arms! and the NORTH
will sweep down on the South with the
wrath of tornado.
The Cass County Republican. [volume] (Dowagiac, Mich.) 18??-1880, 1861-05-09
The FeeIinginM issouri.

We have been permitted to copy the
following from private letter from q
gentleman in Missouri to his brother In
this county. 1t speaks for itself
DE SorTo, April 23d, 1861.
DEAR BROTHER II finished my gar
den yesterday, but whether l shall be
permitted to eat the fruits of my labor
is very uncertain. The Rebels are NJ
in arms in many parts of the State and
are driving off all Union men and
they will attempt it here if they yet
strong enough. In this town the
friends of the government are the
strongest, but in the country round
about it is all the other way. The
miners and most of the country people
side with the rebels. / am looking for
fight to come off here at any moment,
and if it does, tremble for the safety
of my family. The public offices here
are all filled by secessionists, and no
Union man can get employment. /
am going to look for place to-day. ]
would take my family with me if l had
the means but all l have earned since
I have been here has been paid to Sc
cure my home, and now my place which
was considered by business men one
year ago, worth 81 900 would not sell
for 800. Where are these troubles to
end? / hope those who have been in
strumental in bringing them on the
country will get their just deserts.
Your Brother, J. II.
The Cass County Republican. [volume] (Dowagiac, Mich.) 18??-1880, 1861-05-09
Important War Department Order.

Important war department OrQefs
The following orders, bearing date
Washington, April 9th, have been
issued from the War Department.:
l. The Military Department of
Washington will include the District
of Columbia, according to its original
boundary, Fort Washington and the
country adjacent, and the State of
Maryland as far as Bladensburgh, in
elusive. Col. J. X. F. Mansfield, In
spector-General, is assigned to the
command. Headquarters, Washing
ton City.
2. A new Military Department, to
be called the Department of Annapoli, $
Headquarters at that city, will include
the country for twenty miles on each
side Of the railroad from Annapolis to
to the city of Washington, as far as
Bladensburgh, Md. Brigadier- Gene
raj B. F. Butler, Massachusetts, Vol
unteers, is assigned to the command.
8. A third Department of Pennsyl-
vania, will include that State, the State
of Delaware, and all of Maryland not
embraced in the foregoing Department.
Major Patterson to command, Head
quarters at Philadelphia, or any other
point he may temporarily occupy.
4. Brevet Col. G. F. Smith, having
been relieved by Col. Mansfield, will
repair to Fort Columbus, n. Y, and
resume the duties of Superintendent Of
the Recruiting Service.
s. Fort Adams, Rhode Island, is
hereby placed temporarily under the
control of the Secretary of the Navy
for the purposes of the Naval Academy
now at Annapolis, Md.
The Cass County Republican. [volume] (Dowagiac, Mich.) 18??-1880, 1861-05-09
VILLAGE ORDINANCE
In respect to the running at large Of C0scs and
Other neat cdttle

In respect to the running at large OF C0rs and
other neat cattls
Be it ordained and established by the President
and Board of Trustees of the village of Dowagiae.
in the County of Cass and State of Michigan, that
it shall be, and is hereby declared to be unlawful.
for cows oxen or other neat cattle to run or be at
large at any time within the limits of the Corpora
ton of said village of Dowagac, in the night time.
between shutdown and sunrise, except upon the
premises of the owner or owners of such COWS or
other cattle. And the Marshal of said village Is
hereby authorized and required to cause to be
promptly impounded all such cows or other neat
cattle found so running or being at large as afore-
said, whether any damage shall have been done by
any such cows or other cattle or not, and without
any complaint having been made against any such
COWS or other cattle, or the owners there
Of; and such cows or other cattle when so impoun,
oed, ana the owner owners thereof, shall be
subject In all respects to the penalties and abili
nes, and be proceeded against in the manner pro-
of Dowagiae, bearing date February ~. 1860. as
the same is recorded in the records Of said village
AZR0 JONES, PRECEDENT pro TEN.
Dowagiac. May 18th, A. D. 1861.
The Cass County Republican. [volume] (Dowagiac, Mich.) 18??-1880, 1861-05-09
From Cairo.


CAIRO, H., May 4.
Gen. Pillow, Gen. Eli, and other
prominent officers of the Confederate
army, and large number of the
Mississippi, Arkansas, and Tennessee
troops, are at Memphis. Heavy guns
are arriving there daily.
Col. Prentiss, the commanding Off
Ger at this point, has just received the
following dispatch from three of the
most prominent citizens of Cincinnati
"Gen. Pillow has several steamers
ready at Memphis. He meditates an
immediate attack on Cairo"
Col. Prentiss replied: Let him
come. He will learn to dig ditch or
the right side. am ready.
The Cass County Republican. [volume] (Dowagiac, Mich.) 18??-1880, 1861-05-09

PREPARING TO LEAvE.-Many Of the
rebel leaders, forseeing the result of
their mad attempt to break up the
Government, are turning towards Eng
land and France for an asylum. They
naturally prefer monarchical rule to the
free and happy land which, under Prov
idence, this will ultimately become,
and would now be, only for their
wickedness and folly.
The Cass County Republican. [volume] (Dowagiac, Mich.) 18??-1880, 1861-05-09
Patriotic Public Sentiment.

Mr.. EDITOR: : Having mingled
freely and personally for few days
past, among the people in some of the
towns adjoining Dowagiac, l find but
one expression and one sentiment; and
these are: eve have no politics to
talk about-The Union, it must be pre-
served--The Government, it must and
shall be maintained" Q. E. D.
The Cass County Republican. [volume] (Dowagiac, Mich.) 18??-1880, 1861-05-09

WHAT THE COMMISSIONERS AIMED
AT.-The secret is out John Forsyth,
in a recent speech at Mobile, said the
Confederate Commissioners to Wash
ington succeeded perfectly in their
great object, viz: ''To gain time for
perfecting our (the South) military
operations, and rendering ourselves
invincible."
The Cass County Republican. [volume] (Dowagiac, Mich.) 18??-1880, 1861-05-09

GOVERNMENT PROPERTY AT ANN
APoLIs.-It is stated that there is now
over one million of dollars worth of
United States property at Annapolis
and this, together with the Importance
of open communication with Washing
ton by this route, renders the safe
possession of the place of great impor-
lance.
The Cass County Republican. [volume] (Dowagiac, Mich.) 18??-1880, 1861-05-09

sW The city of Mendoza, in the
Argentine Republic, of South America,
was totally destroyed by an earthquake,
on the evening of the goth of March
last. Nearly $1,000 lives were lost.
The Cass County Republican. [volume] (Dowagiac, Mich.) 18??-1880, 1861-05-09
Two more Regiments Formed.


The State authorities have organized
the fourth and fifth Regiments, to be
composed of the following companies
Fourth Regiment
Peninsular Guard, Sturgis.
Barry Guard, Ann Arbor.
Cass County Guard, Dowagiac.
Smith Guard Monroe.
Trenton Volunteers, Trenton.
Dexter Union Guard, Dexter.
Hudson Volunteers, Hudson.
st. Joseph Volunteers, ST. Joseph.
Adrian Volunteers, Adrian.
Lafayette Guard, Paw Paw.
Fifth Regiment
Sherlock Guard, Detroit
Mt. Clemens Rifle Guards, Mt. Clemens.
East Saginaw Volunteers, East Saginaw.
Ingersoll Rifles, Owosso.
jackson Guard, Detroit
Saginaw City Light Infantry, Saginaw City.
Williams Rifles, Lansing
Washington Guard St Clair
Hastings Rifles, Hastings.
Eaton Rifles, Charlotte.
The companies are assigned to the
Regiments, subject to the call of the
Governor, but it is understood that they
are to be maintained until so called
without any expense to the State
Whenever they are called into the ser
vice of the State they will be provided
with clothing, arms, DC. AS the Gov
eminent has decided to accept but one
Regiment from this State for three
months, we presume that if the balance
of the Regiments are mustered into the
service, it will be for three years, OF
during the war.
The Cass County Republican. [volume] (Dowagiac, Mich.) 18??-1880, 1861-05-09

THE RIGHT STAMP.-A young Kerr
tuckian enlisted at Madison, Indiana,
the other day. He had walked over
one hundred and fifty miles of Kentucky
soil to volunteer.
The Cass County Republican. [volume] (Dowagiac, Mich.) 18??-1880, 1861-05-09

The OLD SoRT.-Rev. Mr.. Weber,
of the North Congregational Church..
Worcester, Mass, has enlisted into the
ranks of the "City Guard' as common,
soldier.
The Cass County Republican. [volume] (Dowagiac, Mich.) 18??-1880, 1861-05-09

Coop REGULATIoN.-The Collector
of Boston has given notice that no
vessel will be allowed to leave that
harbor between sunset and sunrise.
The Cass County Republican. [volume] (Dowagiac, Mich.) 18??-1880, 1861-05-09

GEN. JIM LANE.-This gallant SOL
der has been detached from service
in Washington, and will take charge
of an important movement in the
West.
The Cass County Republican. [volume] (Dowagiac, Mich.) 18??-1880, 1861-05-09
New Advertisements.
"A SHIONA BL
D e e S S % AKIN G.


MIS-. q. ID. FLANDERS
"OULD respectfully inform the ladies' of
w Dowagiac and vicinity, that she has taken
rooms at the Rochester House, where she may be
found prepared to cut and make
Ladies Dresses, Chilaren's Clothes, de-,
in the latest and most fashionable style and at the
most reasonable rates. Mrs. F. has had many
years experience in cutting, fitting and making
ladies dresses, and she is satisfied that she can
please every one who may favor her with their
patronage.
Dowagiac, May 9th, 1861. mays-sw3
The Cass County Republican. [volume] (Dowagiac, Mich.) 18??-1880, 1861-05-09

LIEUTENANT JoNEs.-This gallant
officer, the hero of the Harper's Ferry
maneuvre, has been promoted to a,
captaincy.
The Cass County Republican. [volume] (Dowagiac, Mich.) 18??-1880, 1861-05-09

ANOTHER HIGH PRIVATE. = Hon.
John Boyd, Secretary of the State of
Connecticut, has joined the Winsted
Rifle company as private soldier.
The Cass County Republican. [volume] (Dowagiac, Mich.) 18??-1880, 1861-05-09
Louisville, MAY 8.

The city Council has appropriated
$500, 900 for arning the city, subject
20 the ratification of the citizens.
The Cass County Republican. [volume] (Dowagiac, Mich.) 18??-1880, 1861-05-09
d r A II H 3,

In Lowell Mass, April 2Sth of Consumption Mr..
GEORGE F. BUTTERFIELD, aged SO years and
10 months. Brother of Mrs. AFRO Jones of this /.
village.
The Cass County Republican. [volume] (Dowagiac, Mich.) 18??-1880, 1861-05-09

which anchored under our stern. The
Wyandotte was cruising about; the
Sabine, St. Louis and Supply being
outside, about three miles distant. The
boats of all the ships of the squadron
were actively engaged in landing
troops and stores, &C., from the night
of the 18th until the morning of the
Esd. The Illinois, with reinforcements
arrived at midnight on Friday the 10th,
and her troops were landed the next
morning.
Seven of the horses were lost-four
died on the passage; one was drowned
alongside; one had his neck broken in
the surf, and one died from exhaustion
on reaching the shore. The forage
and light artillery were landed stimuli
taneously with the horses. On the
18th, the landing of the general cargo
of light and heavy ordnance, ammuni-
ton, provisions, &c., &C., was fairly
commenced, and continued, with but
partial interruption, until the forenoon
of Tuesday, 2ad, when she was finally
discharged, to the great qualification OF
all concerned.
The position of the Powhatan and
BROOKLYN was such that their guns
could sweep Santa Rosa Island amt
prevent landing from the main land
and at the same time shield the hull O.
the Atlantic. At no time was oul
steam allowed to go down, so that il
case OF attack or gale, or in any emer
gency, we were ready to go off shore
On Monday, Col. Brown, the Comman
| der of the United States forces il
Fremont journal. [volume] (Fremont, Sandusky County [Ohio]) 1853-1866, 1861-06-14
Last Nights Dispatches.

St. Louis, June ls.-Thc following pro-
clamation from Gov. jackson, is received to
day: g
JEFFERSON CRY, June II.
To the People Of Missowi:-A series
of unprovoked aud unparalleled outrages
have been inflicted upon the peace and Dig
nifty of this Commonwealth, and upon the
rights and liberties of its people by wicked
and uuprinciplod men, protesting to act
under the authority of tho United States
Government. Tho solemn enactments OF
your Legislature have been nuIli6ed, your
volunteer soldiers have been taken prisoners,
your commerce with your sister states has
been suspended, your trade with your own
fellow citizens has been and is subjected to
tho harrassiug control of an armed soldiery
peaceful citizens have been imprisoned
without warrant of law, unoffending de.
feneeless men, women and children have
been ruthlessly shot down and murdered
and other unbearable indignities have been
heaped upon your State aud yourselves.
To all these outrages and indignities you
have submitted with patriotic forbearance,
which has only encouraged the perpetrators
of these grievous wrongs TO attempt still
broader and more daring usurpations. 1t
has been my earnest endeavor to avert all
these embarrassing circumstances, TO main.
Tain the peace of tho State, and to avert, il
possible, from our borders the desolating
effects Of civil war. With that object in
Wow authorized Major General Price sew
eral weeks ago to arrange with Gen. Har-
ney, commanding federal forces in this
State, terms Of agreement by which the
peace Of the State might be preserved.
They came on the 2lst Of May to an agree
ment which was made public. The State
authorities have faithfully labored 10 carry
out the terms Of that agreement; the fed
eral Government on the other hand main.
tanned its strong disappfobation of it BY in
slant dismissal Of tho distinguished officer,
Who on its part, entered into it, but il at
once began and has unremittingly carried
cut q sytem Of hostilities openly and in Mt
Ter contempt of that agreement, aud in
reckless disregard Of its own plighted faith
These acts lately portended revolution and
civil war so anmistakable, | resolved to
make one further effort to avert these dan
gers from YOU | therefore solicited an in-
terview with Brig. Gen. Lyon, commanding
the federal army in Missouri. IL was grant
cd on The 10Th inst. Waving all questions
Of personal or official dignity, | went 10 ST.
Louis, accompanied by Maj. Gen. Price. We
had mn interview on tho ilih inst, with
Gen. LYON aud Col +. P. Blair. Jr. at
which / Submitted TO them this proposition:
Thai 1 would disband tho Stale Guapds and
Fremont journal. [volume] (Fremont, Sandusky County [Ohio]) 1853-1866, 1861-06-14
fort Plclxons Again ncinForced,

The.Mobile Advertiser of June 1st says that
"Fort Pickens and the Island were again rein.
forced day or twoago, by some troops and ma
rines from large side.wheel steamer, one OF
those, doubtless, which recently sailed from the
North for that purpose.
"The Federalists are reported active on Santa
Rosa. The troops are severely disciplined, and
are evidently expecting warm work before long.
They have nine companies of artillery, and a
pilot taking a vessel over the bar recently re-
ports seeing them dashing in parade unlimber-
ing their pieces, DC They have several senti-
nels riding up and down the Island frequently,
who can be seen from the boats in the bay"
Fremont journal. [volume] (Fremont, Sandusky County [Ohio]) 1853-1866, 1861-06-14

CoTroS ExPoRTATIoS.-The Montgomery Con-
gross took cotton under its especial consdera-
tion, and passed an act making it penitentiary
offence for six months, and imposing a fine Of
$4,000 upon any person who shall attempt to
export any raw cotton cotton yarn from the
Confederate States, except through the seaports
of those States Railroad companies violating
the statute are subject to heavy penalties. An
efficient blockade of the southern ports viii be
likely to keep cotton at home the present year.
Fremont journal. [volume] (Fremont, Sandusky County [Ohio]) 1853-1866, 1861-06-14

The Office of the Alamo Express, Union pa
per in San Antonio, Texas, was burned and the
press and type destroyed by secession mob
on the l4th of May. In its last issue of the
day previous, the Express had satirized the ex-
pedtion of Col. Van Dorm against few United
States troops. 1t is said it cost the State $780,
900 to take $1,000 worth of old muskets.
Fremont journal. [volume] (Fremont, Sandusky County [Ohio]) 1853-1866, 1861-06-14

We understand that Lieut.. Dickinson Of Conn
pany @, has obtained about DO recruits. Lieut.
Fouke of Company F, has also got about the
same number. The Sandusky county boys arc
of the patriotic stamp, and every one true
Over 400 have gone from here.