The Caledonian. [volume] (St. Johnsbury, Vt.) 1837-1867, 1861-12-06
TIE FINANCES.

poses peculiar obligations to economy IN dis
bursement and energy in action.
The revenue from all sources, including
loans for the financial year ending on the
3Oth of June. 1861, was SS6,S3@,9 10 -, and
the expenditures for the same period. lHciud ,
ing payments on account of the public debt.
were SS5,51S,o24 IL, leaving balance il .
the treasury On the Is; Of July OF S22.2J,,-
G6j SO. For the first quarter Of the imam
cial year ending September 3n;h, 1861, the
receipts from all sources. including the bal!
ance of July lst. were Sl02,j32,509 -, ard
the expenses SOS 1913 %. leaving bal
ance on the LIST of October, 1861, Of II, 22922,-
80 IS.
Estimates for the remaining three-Guarters
of the year. and for the financial year Of 1863.
together with his views of the ways and
means for meeting the demands contemplated
By them, will be submitted by the secretary
1t is gratifying to know that the expenses
made necessary by the rebellion are not be
youd the resources Of the loyal people, ard
10 believe that the same patriotism which has
thus far sustained the government, will con-
TIME to sustain it till peace and union shall
again bless the lara.
TIE ARMY.
| respectfully refer to the report OF the
secretary Of war for information respecting
the numerical strength Of the army. ard for
recommendations having in view an increase
Of its efficiency and TIE well-being OF the Va
rious branches of the service entrusted to his
care. II is gratifying to know that the pa'r-
otism Of the people mas proved equal to the
occasion, and that the number of troops ten
tered greatly exceeds TIE force which Con
cress authorized NE to call into the field.
refer with pleasure to those portions of his
report which make a!lus!on to the credi,abIr
degree OF discipline already attained BY our
troops, and to the excellent sanitary condition
Of the entire army. The recommendation Of
the secretary for an organic tion of the mill
tia upon a uniform basis is a subject of Vita
importance to the safety of the country and
is commended to the serious attention Of
Congress. The large addition to the regular
army i'll connection with the detection tia;
mas 50 Considerably diminished the number
of its officers, gives peculiar importance l.
his recommendations Tor increasing the corps
of cadets to the greatest capacity of the mill
tary academy. BY mere omission, presume
Congress has failed to provide ckaplains fer
the hospitals occupied by the volunteers
This subject was brought to ny notice, and
was Induced to draw up the form of letter,
one copy Of which. properly addressed. has
been delivered to each Of the persons and a,
the dates respectively named and stated in tt
schedule containing also the form of the lc.-
ter marked A and herewith transmitted
These gentlemen. understand entered upon
the duties designated,at the times respective
Is stated in the schedule, and have laboreG
faithfully therein ever since therefore Re
commend that they be compensated at the
same rate as chaplains in the army. further
suggest that general provisions be made
for chaplans to serve at hospitals as we'll a.
with giments.
The report of the secretary Of the navy
presents III detail the operations Of tha,
branch Of the service. the activity and cner@,
which have characterized its administration
and the results O! measures to increase It's e
fciency and power. Such have been the adj
ditions by construction and purchase that i
may almost be sad a navy has been create
and brought into service since cur difiicul;e:
commenced. Besides blockading cur extcn
sve coast squadrons larger than ever hefor,
assembled under our flag have been put atioa
and have performed deeds which have in
creased our naval renown.
, would invite special attention to the re-
commentator of the secretary for NOR
perfect organization of the navy by introduc
ing additional grades in tie service. 'ih
present organization is defective and unsats
tory. and :he suggestions submitted by the de
; partment will. it is believed, if adopted. CD
vate the difficulties alluded to, promote har
mony and increase the efficiency of the La
w.
TIE SUPREME COURT
: There are three vacancies on the bench c
: the Supreme Court-two by the dccea>e G
5 Justices Daniel and Mclean. and one by tn
d resignation of justice Campbell. have $
t far torborne making nominations to fill tn
! vacancies. for reasons which | will now state
j. Two of the outgoing judges resided With
Il the states now overrun by revolt, so that
}. successors were appointed in the same loca
y tiles they could not now serve upon thei
i circuits, and many OF the most competer
i men there probably would not take the pei
e s0na hazard OF accepting to serve even he-
upon the supreme bench. have been W
l. willing to throw all the appointments nortl
e ward. thus disabling myself from doing ia.
d tice to the South on the return of peace. a
= though may remark that to transfer to tn
l,, g, Al
y South would not with reference to territoy
J. and population, he unjust. During the lon
IS and brilliant judicial career of Judge HIcIea
i his circuit grew into an empire, altogetht
o too large Tor any one Judge to give the court
e therein more than nominal attendance. r
+ sing in population from 1.470,01S in 1880 t
" G.l5l 40 in 1860. Besides this, the countr
le generally has outgrown our present judici;
'e system. If uniformity was at all intende,
the system requires that all the states sha
ID be accommodated with circui: courts atent
J. ed bv supreme judges. while in fact Visor
i sin. Minnesota. Iowa. Kansas Florida. Tex;
t. California, anG Oregon have never had an
el such courts. Nor can this well be remede
O. without change OF the system. because II
L. adding of Judges to the supreme court, e,
N ough for the accommodation of all parts
h the country with circuit courts, would crea
" a court altogether too numerous for jude
g al body of any sort. and the evil of it won
tn he one that will increase as new states con
into the Union. Circuit courts are eth,
useful or not useful if useful, no state sho
be denied them; if not useful, no sta
e. should have them. Let them be provide
tn for all. or abolished as to all. Three modi
y cations occur to me, either of which | thir
J. would be An Improvement upon our prese1
ry system. Let the supreme court he of CO.
n venient number in every event. then first !