New-York daily tribune. [volume] (New-York [N.Y.]) 1842-1866, 1861-11-29

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Tho Constitution. Tie document Is long ana very
curious.
The Committee set ont with an assertion OF the old
als.ractops Of the Virginia school, and then proceed
10 dseusg the amendments which they deem eseental
to erect the State into On oligarchy. The people,
thev eay must be disreancbised, labor must 10 de-
pressed and iiee schools abolished. We give some
extracts from the report below. Let the feemen OF
tbe North note the tendences of society in the Slave
Sta,es.
REDFI, VIEWS OF POLITICAL ECONOMY.
| Governments are instituted for tie protection Of
the rights Of persons and property; aud any sys-
TEN must be radically defective which does not give
ample seearty 10 bo.h. The great interests OF every
community may be classed under the heads ~ labor
and capital and 1t Is essential 10 The well-being Of
society that the proper equilibrium should be esIao-
lshtd between these important elements. lhe uIi-
due pfedominance Of either must, eventually, prove
destructive Of the social system. Capital belongs
| TO the few-lahor 90 the many. In those systems
10 Which capital has the ascsndlnee, the government
nut 20 rome extent, partake OF the character OF an
uligarcty, while in tbuse in VIII labor is predomi
nant, .he tendency IA TO what Mr.. John Randolph
grtplicily described as the desporism OF KING
nuubers.j Il Is the Office Of enlightened states
mausip TO secure 10 each lie appropriate influence
but 10 give the absolute control to neither.
| TIE REBELS THINK NORTHERN LABOR TOO
| POWERFUL.
| The political con0ilion OF the Northern States
pr, zeuis striking Illustration OF The evils incident
10 the prcpoudorelce of The element of labor. la
the eiiy periods of thec history these evils were
not so apparent as they have siuce become. Their
yOpu alton was srsrse, and the Western Territories
| .hofded convenient outlet for their restless ti'
zens labor was in demand, at high wngee; property
was easy acquired, AID eons, quenly tie line oi
| demarcaiiOn between labor and capital was not
ebicIly drawn. because the hborer OF to-day might
eaeiiy becOfra the capitalist OF tomorrow. But
within The lasL ~ eUiy Years q marked change has
taken lace IN The Norm. Population Las become
dense, aud lie saieIy-yaive afforded by emigration
| 10 Tho Western Territories has become greatly OBJ
struced. Wages hayo not kept pace with tho cost
f subsistence, and TIE difficulty Of aequiriug prop
erty has inrred,ed. The tendency OF this new con-
diiln oil things las been divide society ilno Two
disnct Glasses, and to array one against the other.
FREE SCHOOLS DENOUNCED.
Tlis tendency TO "A conflict between labor and cap
! iial has already manifested itteI IN many iorms
comparatively harmless, it Is true but nevertheless
cl-ary indicative Of SPIRIT i hrebtOusAess which
must 10 TIC eud, Hpeu iUlO agarianisn. Nmay be
sesH " he systcm ~ free sc1o0is, by which The
children OF tie poor are educated at tie expense Of
tie Iich; m the various forms OF exemption and
homestead bill. IN the popular cry OF lands for the
lBDdlcss," sud homes tor the b. meless; III Four
iersn aud communism; in tie habiiGal disregard Of
the Ordinances If rci ion and Of the institution Of
nstrimony and more distinctly in the form OF abo-
| tionlsm.
FREE SUFFRAGE NOT TO BR PERMITTED.
| In the oplnion Of your Committee no system OF
Government can ndord permanent ard eiieetua secu-
riiy 70 life Ehefy and property, which resis on the
bass of unlimited suf age and the election of OIL
ctIe Of every department Of tho Government by the
direct vote Of the reore. The tendency Of such a
pystem i 20 demOTaLe The masses; 10 encourage the
habit Of ofce-seeking; to foster corruption at the
polls and 20 pare unworthy AMI incompetent men
IN positions oil trust and responsibility. These bow
ever, are The vital principles Of the social or,iiza'
ton Of the North gud, before stated their utter
,tuita are already in a course OF rapid development
! la tho Suathern States more conservative aud
rational principlee si prevail. Thie Is due mainly
20 the Institution of Slavery, when Constitutes n
partial re,tricton on the right OF Suffrage. In the
North meu Of every class bud COZ dtiOn OF life are
entitled TO vote. Ia the South, ell who are in
oition oil seryifuie noccaary excluded from the
oXeUso OF political privileges, aud The power Of the
country j. welded by tie more Intelligent casses,
who have permanent interest ~ the well being OF
society
Slavery slso constitutes an eoctua barrier against
shat tendency 10 antagonism between hbor and
cagital which eXists In the North. There capital 10
the casual employer Of Abor. aud il interested in
cimusling 10 "sges' Her, capital 80 'ho owner
of labor aud naturally seeks 10 enhance IFS rewards.
THE PEOPLE MUST BE DlsFRASCIHsED.
Material chaDges seem also, 90 be necessary In
regard 10 The selection of various elissts OF public
oflcerr Under the constitution, IL how stands,
/ no discrimination is made In the mode OF choosing
puJlic pgentr founded on consideration Of the
lure II he functions they have 10 perform. mis-
taken desire u pfOiiiisie popular favor, rather than
wise and well-coutidered purpose TO give security
to Incl dual hts and stability and dignity to the
government, seems to have controlled the action OF
| the convention OF 1850. The selection OF almost
every officer has been referred to tho people, and by
shortening the Official term, far a. possible, the
| oiliners uIc made DEPENDENT on the people.
In determining the mode Of Letting officers, II
seems 20 your Committee that regard ought To
hid to the nature Of the duties they will be re-
aulfed 20 discharge. No rule can DO prescribed
v hich will be free from all objection. but your Com
miitee believe thal il would he safe TO assume that
ali eei.lstivs cficsrs should be elected by The peO-
ple but tLat thoe who bro 10 hl executive Judi
ci trusts should be- chosen by intermediate agents.
There seems 10 lie good reason for Ibis distinction
Legislation affects the rights and Liberties OF the
whole people collectively.
| Hence those who exercise legislative power
should be elected b. direct vote OF the people, aud
be dependent for their continuance ia Office on the
will Of the people. But Judicial ana executive off
Gers bong intrus;cd with the duty Of eIpounding
and administering the public viii, as expressed
through the Les islature, and IN applying law 90
Individual easee, have functions 10 perform which do
not concern The people at large and ought not TO be
affected by their wirbe'.
= AS i general rule, Il would be much safer
for the people to elect, in the mode prescribed by
law representative in whose ability, integrity and
patriot IN they could couiide and leave TO them the
duty not merely Of framing the lave, but also Of
selecting the higher officers, TO expound aud execute
them.