Bellows Falls times. [volume] (Bellows Falls, Vt.) 1856-1965, 1861-06-07

this is made OF extraordinary thirkucss at
thai part and Tor some three feet Of ia
length, when il tarers down sharply TO the
muzze. One Of ih,sc guns has bren made
which weighs 10000 pounds, and viii throw
l-inch she'll four miles.
An embrazure is the small opening in tha
wall Of q fort through which the guns pros
ct. the same as port hole in a ship
Loop-holes are small openings through
which musketry is fred,
A casemate Is the stons roof under which
stands the gun, the roof being proof against
shot and shell. The gun SO projected il
called casemste gun. But harbette guna
are those which are placed on the top OF q
fort without any raof or eiheF praieetion-
The highest engineering talent, both in
Europe and in this country, has been de-
voted to the CONSTRUCTION Of improved ord
mango. Science and mechanical ingenuity,
combined with millions Of. money have been
devoted to the business Of discovering and
rcmedying the defects Of these death-deal-
ing engines, as well as Of inven,ing others
more destructive. The French hayc ren-
dered the rifle ten fines ms deadly as fors
mery, while the English, inihe Armstrong
gun, seem to have rendered the caLnon as
true n marksman as the rifle. Up to this
time, experience has demonstrated that
there are inseperable Obstacles To the forr
nation of cast iron guns OF more than ten
inch calibre. Beyond that SO many defects
are liable to occur in the casting. it is not
considered safe to go, though with Rlprtars
the calibre has been extended to thirteen
inches. As al attempts lp make castings
larger than this haze failed, ationt;an has
been turned to wrought iron, with the hope
of increasing the calibre. Yet the use of
wrought iron has been proved to be almost
as dangerous as that of cast iron. ltis liable
to many destructive casualties, even after
perfect welding had been secured. The
huge wrought iron gun which burst on board
the Princeton in 1913, was proved 70 have
parted with one-third of the original strength
of the iron by the intense heat used in forg-
ing il. Wrought iron guns Of large calbre
must be built Of separate pieces, and only q
small amount of heat and welding force enl4
ployed.
A battalion is body smaller than reg.
iment-say two or four companies-and is
commanded by major. A regiment il
composed of eight or ten companies, and is
commanded by colonel, also a lieutenant
colonel and major. brigade is come
posed of two or more regiments, and is
commanded by a brigadier general. A dis
vision is composed of two ormore brigades,
and is commanded by major general
Lieutenant general is an office created in
honor of General Scott, after the war with
Mexico, and is, in this country, peculiar t9
him only.
The term battery is used 10 designate
field artillery, or the spot where guns are
placed. In field artillery it is any number
of guns from four to twelve with their nec-
essary equipmenls) which are intended to
act together in battle. When used in its
secondary sense, it usually means an earth=
work, which may be either elevated, sunkep
or half sunken, and composed of either
guns, howitzers or mortars. An earth
work battery is made by digging ditch
and using the earth thrown out for paras
pet or wall which is built up steep on the
inside by the use of sods of turf, sandbass,
casks of earth, &C., while the outside is left
slnping to give additional strength to the
wall which is sometimes twenty-four feet
thick. The ammunition is kept in recesses
under the wall, or in sunken building of
timber, covered in bomb-proof with eartAs