davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Daily Democrat and news. [volume] (Davenport, Iowa) 1859-1864, 1861-03-23
JOHN ARH1L.
By PLUMB ! VAN HoeM, his Att'ys.

TRUSTEES SALE.-WHsRBAs, on The 10th
i day Of February, 4. d. 1859, John h. Tsyloe
and Mary Taylor, his wife, exsested uIto Geo.
n. Van Hosen - Trustee, certain deed IT Trust.
conveying 70 said Trustee the land in Scott coun-
y, lows, described - follows, to-wit: Ninety
ing in and part Of ths Is. 4. " southeast
quarter Of section seven al in township eighty
(6O,) north Of range four az east, and bounded
on the west BY the public road leading from d.
venport to Dewitt IN Clinton county o. the est
and north bv the lines Of said quarter section,
Of land in said quarter section on the sane (east
side Of said road, heretofore sold By one Winehes
ter Sherman to one William Anderson. Also
twenty (2O) acres Of Woodland in part Of south
east quarter Of the south-west quarter Of section
one y 10 township eighty co., north Of range
west By tie same aid so.th-sast quarter Of south
west quarter Of said section one ID and On tie
south BY ten acres Of woodland, herstofo 70 by
aid Sherman % William Andesson which said
convsy:ucs vss nads By the said jobs Il. Toy
lor and Mary =. Taylor for The purpose Of ssolr-
ing =: 49, o. sss:s s s .sts'
Taylor, dated the 10th day Of February, 4. D.,
1889, and payable - follows: Oos for the sum
Of seventy dollars, payable in sx months from IL
it, date, and ono foe the sum II seven HUNDRED
and seventy dollars, payablsin one year from lts
ter due.
And nov, said promissosy notes having bseons
das and payable, aad tie aid job. q. Tayior
Van Hossa Trustee = Aforesaid, % hsesby i've
this public notice, that ~ virtus Of tAs rover
which 10 in ne vested by said DEED q Trust, vI.
o. Wednesday, The a day Of April, a. d. lael. ~
the hour Of ten o'clock II the fossnooa ofaaid day.
st The Court House door in The city ef Davesport'
expose aad o4er for salss q Public Auction. ~
pareel oflaRd shove dsssribed or 70 mueh theroo1
= shall b nseessasy . sstisfy asd ny he aneant
Of mid nots, with tAe intsee6t theseoo q ~ ~
ef sals, tsgsther With III The eesGe "a exDeescs
attending said sals, costs q this notice al ms
tee'e fees.
D'''' ''' '' =; Ss 3 Nv T. Via a q 9;s':
AAk111
Daily Democrat and news. [volume] (Davenport, Iowa) 1859-1864, 1861-03-23

A LII PERSONS HAVING CLAIMS AGAINST
n tho late Hrm Of RIcuAR0soN, WEST B Co.
requested to bring them forward Tor setuement,
and nj! persons indebted TO said trm requested
70 CAL and sottle ut once. 1t 10 absolutely neoes
ssry that our books should be closed and that TOO
Immediately Persons having open sccoanss with
our office, will ebligs rs BY rendering them at once
RICHARDSON, WEST co,
DAvRwposr, Oct. IS, lo00 -dSv
Daily Democrat and news. [volume] (Davenport, Iowa) 1859-1864, 1861-03-23
r E0AL NOTICE.-State Of Iowa. Soott oo.n
IL ty.
Edwin R. Peass vs.) In the District
John ?. e. 3. :, T lln.n, co: S.s Of :.id

Pursuant to an order Of said Court made n the
above entitled cause, datsd the nrst day Of March,
1861, notice 10 hereby given TO I'll the creditors Of
the firm Of Tallms,, Powers Mclean, that
they are hereby required 70 present and exhibit
tseir respective claims 70 the undsniened Re-
seiver, 1t his Office, in the city Of Davenport, on
the Esd day Of Asrch next, at o'clock p. n, TO-
gether with the evidences Of their respective de-
msuds in order that the amounts respectively due
to said creaitcrs may Be ascertained.
Davenport, March TIL. 1851.
RID. CONGDON,
mch8l Receiver.
Daily Democrat and news. [volume] (Davenport, Iowa) 1859-1864, 1861-03-23

PATENT INSULATED FULL IRON YRANB NEW sCAIp
GraDd and Square Piane-Fertes.
The Insulated Iron frame preserves
"Ht the original tone Of tho instrument il
all its purity, securing it for all time against that
most disageeable tinny quality Of tone invariably
found in all other Iron frame Piano Fortes. Il
Piano Forte much longer in tune. 1t gives tn .
instrument much fuller, richer and sweeter tone.
1t adsp9s the Piano to ell climates and to oil chan
ges If atmosphere, and in oil respects it il mo-
nounced, and in all respects it is pronounced bv
our best astiste" the greatest improvement of the
age in Piano Fsrte construction; producing an in
strument acknowledged to be superior to iii 9th
ers made IL this country or Europe.
a few tooelm on1als In REGARD q The a..e,s.
e.esy u ear new Seeae Pasens Insulated Piano
81 have examined the Piano Fortcs of Liehta
4 Bradburys with entire satisfaction. know not
that there any others better, either in orr Own
country or elsewhere. "-DR. LOWELL Mason.
In clearnsss, richness, and volume Of tone. del
icasy, elasticity Of touch and ne repeating sction
| have never played upon their equal. A.
WeLLRNnAUpT.
+" In volume. richness, evenncss, and purity Of
tcne and in dslicacy Of touch they certainly excel
and in that beautiful singing quality 20 desirable
yet 90 seldom found. Mason.
"lhavs never played upon 20 rich and heavy
tone Square Piano-forts. s-AR.HUR NArolros.
! am astonished and delighted With the New
Scale Iron Frame Piano-Fortes made By you.
There must Be splendid future for Lights {
Bradbury Piano-FoEtss. "-0Ao. F. Rsor.
~ have never played upon % Ans and instru-
msnt"-Gso. F. BRIsTow.
II consider them - 10 beauty, richness, fullnsss
and equality Of tone, ~ we'll - their agreeable.
elastic touch, equal If not superior t. any Pianos
made In this country or Europs."-KARL Wnls.
"ln power, quantity, and equality Of tone, they
certainly excel; while for that peculiar rich and
singing tone % invaluable - IN accompaniment
to the voice. hsvs never net their equal" &C.
"They have oil the rsquirements for superior
Interpretation ef both classical and modern GEN.
positions."-N. SfBAK0sH.
Wososoo0 At DsoouO Street, . Gbw aooss
8ess 81 Dsoa6wsv. New Yosk.
1sAfIsSAcfoRY GUARANTEE oIvm.- -
0Nt1k.1veow
Daily Democrat and news. [volume] (Davenport, Iowa) 1859-1864, 1861-03-23
Pittsburg, Fl. Wayne 4 Chieag'
r ALL II o A D..

Pittsburs, Fl. Wayne 4 Chicago
r ALL II o AD.
~ a. ~
WARS RON FROM CHICAGO TO PITTSBURG
~ without change, connecting with the great
PkNN0YL VANA CENTRAL RAILROAD
New York, Philadelphia, Baltimore and Wash
layton city, and ell the interior towns Of Penn
syIvsnia, New Jersey, New York, Maryland, 10.
Merchants BY taking this route, wilt have the
advantage Of Ill the eastern markets ct no sddi-
obonal cost.
1aggsge checked through.
Trains leave the Depot, Canal street, west eide,
chicago, daily on the arrival Of trains from the
Test and NoFth-wj est.
Oonnscting 1t Crestline with Cleveland / Lake
shore X. X. to Dunkirk, Buffalo, Niagara Falls,
New York and Boston, and oil tho interior
towns Of Now England, via New York Central
and New York Erie Railroads. Also South to
Columbus, Janesville, Newark, Mount Vernon,
SGsubsnville and Wheeling, and interior towns
Il Ohio and Virginia.
The above trains connect at Forest with trains
- Mad River Road to Springfield, Urbano, Day
len and Cincinnati. Also with trains at Lima for
Dayton and Cincinnati direct:
9see - lew - asv other lsosee.
Passengers bound east will find this route both
plsasant and agreeable, passing through many Of
The largest and finest cities in the UHited States
Passengers arriving 1t Chicago on any Of the
reads, will ind attentive cheek agents ct the de-
pots TO receive checks and convey baggage free Of
charge. t. the Pittsburg and Chicago cars. Sleep
ing cars accompany each train.
Tickets for sale 1t all tho principal ticket ON
ees in tho West, and 1t the Compeny's Office, cor.
asr Of Randolph and Dearborn streets, or ct the
Depot, West side, Chicago.
n particular to ask for tickets by Fort Wayne.
DAN. w. BOSS,
ssen1 Western Pa scngcr Agent, Chicago.
:. n. Moore, Com. ana GenI Ag't, Chicago.
freight Of all kinds will be carried from Chica-
- TO al points East ct al times ct as low rates
- any other Railroad route. sep2y-dtf
Daily Democrat and news. [volume] (Davenport, Iowa) 1859-1864, 1861-03-23
X e ~ 90 ed.

II q ~ o . e a..
Union Coffee Il Spice MILL,
CORNER or FRUNT.AND MAIN
e.vasl 4. n JONES. T. co.
Daily Democrat and news. [volume] (Davenport, Iowa) 1859-1864, 1861-03-23

Nov - 4AB TAME - LAY N WOOD
~ f. uin1@ ~. We hpss6sy kin1lins ~
- e.eBr - - pl'a Nd = q 8 =
5idoMI .7S.sss tlss!kvs.
Daily Democrat and news. [volume] (Davenport, Iowa) 1859-1864, 1861-03-23
Blaekwosd's nagasi nc
British Reviews.
l.. SCOTT L CO., NEW YORK, continue to
publish tho following Leading British
Periodicals, viz:
The Eainburyh Review (Whig).
The North British Review Free Churekl.
The Wostministcr Review (Liheralh
Dlackwoodss EainbaSgh Magasine( Tory

These periodicals ably rspeessnt d ethrss great
political parties Of Great Britein-Whig, Tory
end Radical-bat politics forms oaly one lsature
Of their charaetss. A. Organs Of the most pro-
foand writer's On 6cisnee. Liter suss. Morality,
and Religion, they stand, = they ,vsr have STOOL
Cd indispsaiabIo 70 The scholar and the profess
ioual maa, while ~ the instllgsnt reader Of every
class they furnish more correct and satisfActoey
record Of the current literature Of the day,
throughout the world, than can BE- possibly o.
satnsd from any other source.
= The rsceil .of Advance Sheets FROM The
nutl:h peblisners give additional value 70 thee
nspsinte, inasmush ~ they GA nov b placed q
ditione.
Daily Democrat and news. [volume] (Davenport, Iowa) 1859-1864, 1861-03-23

.kalnall ~ uiaG1pGl 01tie - Ievna 49,
p 4 y ~ 6sss = :; : - sss'is.:s -
gAo14 = - 81 lnakvsed,s - -
i neen - 80 - = - -
Il. M 49, :. 80 !. :. ~
Daily Democrat and news. [volume] (Davenport, Iowa) 1859-1864, 1861-03-23

= 11oeeant eftwsaty-1ve Per cent fRe- -.
obeve psiess vim - allowed % o. Ej.-;;.-s.
lsur essies efaay 80 = nsss Of Tie aIeve 81
1aoss 20 1855 e naskwsed. q e o. Is.
sePiGs = ~ fsss nevisvs al Blaskvsed e. -
- - - 80 49, s. tseuf
Daily Democrat and news. [volume] (Davenport, Iowa) 1859-1864, 1861-03-23

54e Broadway, New York.
n. D.-Subscri rtions received and forwarded
BY G. STEWART ELLIS, Ageat for Davenport
and vicinity, whore specimen Engravings and Art
Journal can be seen. DOvl6-dtf
Keowee courier. [volume] (Pickens Court House, S.C.) 1849-current, 1861-02-23
From Washington,

The two houses of the Northern Congress
counted the votes for President on the l3th.-
According to the count, LINCOLN received $50
BREcKENRIDcE. -; BELL, 80; DOUGLAS, IL.
IlAMtIN, the free negro, was declared elected
Vice President
Troops continue to pour into Washington
European royalty and tyranny were never in.
augurated in moro regal state than will be LtN.
COLIN And this in a free countryl
There is a serious split in the Republican par.
ty-SEwARD and his gang opposing coercion,
whilst the GREELY faction, with the President
elect, g for coercion and sustaining their plat
form. The split viii not widen sufficient to
catch the fingers Of any, except the few black
republicans IN the border States. They are
certain to 30 in on SsWAKDs shoulders.
The Northern Congress is debating the tariff
bill, and preparing the Legislation of their sec-
tion for carrying out LINcoLNs policy
The Peace Conference is about t. ad;oa-n,
without effecting anything The border States
have no excuse now for not ranging themselves
beside the soceCiing States -
Keowee courier. [volume] (Pickens Court House, S.C.) 1849-current, 1861-02-23
Lincoln's Sentiments.

ABE LINCOLN, the President elect of the Uni
ted States is ON his way to Washington. Spe-
cial railroad trains have been prepared for him,
and he has been received along the route with
real Northern feeling. OF course he was una.
hie to go far without making speeches. lie
delivered a prepared speech at Indianapolis.
which, together with twoothors, we print to-day.
The reader can read for himself We expect.
ed better things, even of LINCOLN. For man,
who has been elected President not to be able
to distinguish between the rights of q State and
county, is monstrous. Ills ignorance is com.
pote lie is for coercion and consolidation, and
has the character nf being n firm man.
In few days lie rises to position and power.
Will he then carry out the sentiments he has
expressed? If he does, general war cannot
be avoided. We do not think he will be so fool
hardy as to attempt it.
Keowee courier. [volume] (Pickens Court House, S.C.) 1849-current, 1861-02-23
The southern coneress.

MONTGOMERY, February f5.---The Con
gress went into Secret Session, during which
they passed an Act, and instructed the Sec
retary to remove the veil Of secrecy. The
Act continues in force the officers connected
with the collection Of Customs at the differ.
eht ports of the Confederacy at the time of
the adoption Of the Constitution of the Con
federatc States Of America, with salarie and
powers the same as heretofore, and providing
that the compensation does not exceed the
sum of $4,000. The Act requires the Col
lectors, within two weeks, to execute the same
bonds as heretofore, and stbordinates are re.
qulred TO give bonds in one week after the
Collector The officers are required to take
an oath to discharge their duties faithfully,
and support the Constitution of the Provis.
ional Government.
A resolution was also adopted, continuing
IN office until otherwise ordered, the several
oihcers connected with the collection of du-
ties until the 1st of Aprilnext, and instruct
ing the Secretary OF the Treasurer to report a
plan to go into effect en- the 1st Of April, di.
nlinishing the expenses incurred on the col.
lection OF the Revenue of each Custom House,
at leeFt Fifty per cent
MosTooSERY, February l6--A number OF
model tings we're presented in the Congress- to.
day. and referred A communication In rela.
tion to missiles Of war was also referred A
bill wae reported from the conan nsittee telatvet 10
citizenship, prescribing uniform rules for natr.
falisation the caption only was read. Appli.
cations weFe made for patents and eopy-rights,
which were referred. The balance OF the day
was Oocopicd in secret session.
RICHMOND, February 15.AThe proceed.
iDgs in Convention to-day were uuimportaut.
Ex-Goy Wise closed aspeech by saying., III
Virginia submits to Black Republican rule.
he would tErn from her, spd beg some sister
Commonwealth 10 come Aad save his mother.
Keowee courier. [volume] (Pickens Court House, S.C.) 1849-current, 1861-02-23
The Slave Trade

An attempt has been made to revive the ag-
'itation of the question Of roopening the Afri
can Slavctrade. We regret this, because una
nimity of purpose and action is all important at
this period Of our State and national AFFAIRS
The attempt is made in this State, but we do
not think it can affect much. The opposition
to this trade in South Carolina is great, and IL
is only necessary that our friends be placed on
the alert to crush the attempt in its swadding
clothes.
The action Of the Congress- at Montgomery.
on this subject, was unanimous, and has met
with cordial approval throughout the seeding
States
Keowee courier. [volume] (Pickens Court House, S.C.) 1849-current, 1861-02-23
Card of Secretary Floyd.
WAsuINGroN. Feb. l3.-Ex. Secretary Floyd
publishes the following card: 70

"HhiN"r"S' req. l3.-EN-SeCretary Floyd
publishes the following card: -
TO THE PUBLIc.
The numerous assaults which have been made
upon my character fur several weeks mast in
the newspapers, and which, from their nature
and source. could not be replied TO- have. at
length. eliminated in the report Of the Commit.
tee OF the House, submitted to-thnt body yester-
day. This report is an er ptote arf,iienment
OF my oihcial conduct, on ee -pnrfe testimony.
taken IN secret in my absence. 1t is a labored
attempt. by inuendn, and by mennslof circum-
stances in the absence of proof. to fix upon me
some underlined c"mplicity with robbery of the
government Of which had no knowledge, until
about the time it was publicly disclosed.
Now that these charges have been pot into
iorm, ana emnnate from responsible source,
pledge myself to meet them. by a full response
as soon rs the report of this Committee. with
the evidence taken, has been printed. and can
be examined. . JouN II F,nvn
Keowee courier. [volume] (Pickens Court House, S.C.) 1849-current, 1861-02-23
Military Elections.

The field officers of the third and fourth Reg
iments of volunteers, raised under an act of the
Legislature, have just been elected, as follows :
IHl| Rclimcm-IIAMEs III. WILLIAMS. Colo
mel q. 3. FosTeR, Lieutenant Colonel JAMES
Nj. BANTER. Major.
fomM Hcgmeht-J. ID. AsmMoRE. Colonel !;
j. Il. H. SLoAN, Lieutenant Colonel; C. S. MAT.
TISuN Major.
We have been unable to ascertain the state
Of the poll Of each company.
Keowee courier. [volume] (Pickens Court House, S.C.) 1849-current, 1861-02-23

MI JAMES a. iloYT has parted with half
interest in this journal to w. w HuMpuREYs,
Esq, who appears before The public ss one OF
its Editors. S"ccess to the enterprise
The following gentlemen to compose the Com
mittee to prepare II Constitution for tho perma.
nent Government Of the Confederate States OF
the South have been announced:
From Sputh Cqrolina.. Hon Il, B. Rhett,
Chairman: Hon. James Chesnut. Jr
From Authorization. II. w. Walker, Hon.
r. II Smith
From Florida.-ilon. jackson Morton, Hon.
j. h. Owens.
From Georgia. Hon. Robert Toombs, Hon.
Thomas r. Cobb
>, From Missssippi.-TIo Hon A. NJ. Clayton,
Hon. WP. Harris.
From Louisiana. Edward Sparrow
Hon A. Declouet.
FOREIGN GooDs.-Events nre rapidv hurry.
ing on. The collector Of the port of New Or.
leans has refused to allow any goods imported
from Europe to pass on to ST. Louie, Memphis,
Nashville or any other port of the interior, un-
less the United States collector at the destined
ports becomes responsible for the payments of
these duties to Louisiana. From $500 to $10,-
600 worth of chains i'm casks belonging to the
firm or Child PIatt & Co., of ST. Louis, have
been seized and retained to secure the duties.
The New Orleans collector will not let them pass
unless the st. Louie collector will pay the a.
mount 20 him. Dir. Child is in Washington 10
demonstrate against the retention, of his prop
erty. 20. a.. ID, ,.,,.,,, -, ,,:y
TROUBLE FOR TrE PARTY IN Powsa-'Fhe
generally well-posted Washington correspond
ent of the New York Express states that over
fifty millions Of dollars will be wanting by the
Government for the six months beginning in
March--we suppose that much more than ia
provided for-.unless there ia n settlement Of the
national troubles during that time. lie adds,
that prominent bankers IN oil parts of he coun-
try are sending assurances that il WI DO i'm
possible to raise money, unless .she reasonable
propositions of the border States are accepted
in which case they promise to poar cat their
money like water.
Keowee courier. [volume] (Pickens Court House, S.C.) 1849-current, 1861-02-23
Appol Ntments.
The Legislature, at its recent session, mad
the following appointments:
FOR PICKESs

Inc Legislature, at its recent session, made
the following appointments:
FOR PICKESs:
Nugistrates-W. j. CAN'T, Isaac Wickliffe.
Edward Hughes, Lemuel Thomas rice f. Alex
andcr, deceased; j. r. Gossett vice Joshua Jam
eSOn, removed.
Coro~r-W. j. CAN'T
Commissi2.ter Of Free Schools. Samuel III.
Johns 'ic" j. G. tS,ok removed
Co":m1SS'oaers Of Poals--Gcorgc Sims uice
John Moorhcai Joel Moody cice l.. n. Robins,
FOR ANDERSON:
Commissioners of RomiS--James Long. Y. G..
Watkins. James Webb rice T. H. Russell, j. NJ.
PIckens, and d. L. Rainwater. resigned II. O.
Anderson, j. j. Copeland S. w. Sherard. Clau.
dius E Earle, and Matthew Breazeale otcc A.
campbell H.. A. Cobb. J. A. Gray John Cum
ningham. and G. b. Teford. resigned.
Commissioners Of Free sGhoois--William S.
Pickens, and Thomas ID. Bclotte vice James NJ.
Pogg, and N. X Sullivan, resigned.
Keowee courier. [volume] (Pickens Court House, S.C.) 1849-current, 1861-02-23
President Davis

Was inaugurated at Montgomery, on Monday
last. We have not received his inaugural
His journey from Mississippi to this place,
was IN unbroken ovation. Tho speeches made
by him on his'arrival appear in our columns,
and afford little consolation for the Lincolnites
and border State Union savers.
The Southern people may repose entire con-
hdence in their President, Vice President, and
Congress If they cannot save US from bloody
struggle, nevertheless they may be able to pilot
us through the storm safely.
REAARKABLE FANrLY--There is said to bo a.
familysat Halifax Centre, Vermont, consisting
of father 86 years Of age. two sons and two
daughters, ali OF the children being D 'af, dumb
and blind, and yet manage to carry on their
farm, gaining q respectable living thorefrom.
Keowee courier. [volume] (Pickens Court House, S.C.) 1849-current, 1861-02-23
Suicide.

We regret to learn that Mr., JONATHAN S.
HoLcoMnE committed suicide at Pickensville, on
the 18th instant, by cutting his throat with
razor, in u fit of mania a potu The deceased
was kind-hearted genial by nature and warm
in his fricndShips
Keowee courier. [volume] (Pickens Court House, S.C.) 1849-current, 1861-02-23
t. A. THOMPSON, Editor.
PICKENS C. H., S. c.:
Saturday Morning, February 93, 1861.
Return Day,

For PicScns district. is Saturday the I'd March
next. Owing to the tightneas OF the times, gener-
ally, snail return is anticipated. lfpossble, de-
serving and honest debtors should be favored.
Keowee courier. [volume] (Pickens Court House, S.C.) 1849-current, 1861-02-23
Anderson Yntelligsnosr.

Mr.. JAMES A IIoYr hns parted with half.
interest in this journal to w. w. HuMpuREYs,
Esq who appears before The public ss one of
its Editors. Ssccess to the enterprise
Keowee courier. [volume] (Pickens Court House, S.C.) 1849-current, 1861-02-23

To Ds HuNo-Jnhn G.. Burckmeyer and Rich
ard White--convicted Of nurder-have bee,
sentenced t" be hung in Charleston, on Friday
the l0ih day of April.
Daily Ohio statesman. [volume] (Columbus, Ohio) 1855-1870, 1861-12-21
Latest from Port Royal. !.

New YoRK, Dec. 20.-The steamer Atlantic
from Port Royal Dec 18th, has arrived. She
has cargo OF twelve thousand pounds of Sea
Island cotton, gathered under the direction Of
Government agents by the negroes
Gen. .Sherman's brigade Of four thousand
men now occupies Beaufort, Lady Island, St.
Helena and Boy Point.
General Veile's expedition has been aban-
doned.
General Sherman had issued orders that all
the reporters for the press should leave the
place Immediately.
The number of troops at Port Royal and vicin-
ity was about thirty thousand
Four hundred thousand pounds of cotton had
been secured when the Atlantic sailed, and
would be shipped In the next steamer.
A part Of the stone feet was at Savannah,
and part Of them had gone to Charleston.
Four hundred OF our men on the 10th crossed
to the main land toward the Charleston g. Sa.
yannah Railroad. They had an encounter with
rebel force of fifteen hundred, who retreated
after firing volloy without effect.
A special to the Tribune from Port Royal
Dec 18th, gives a rumor Of the defeat Of Hol'
lins and the sinking Of his chip, the steamer
Massachusetts,,
Unusual depression Is reported throughout
the South; New Orleans is particularly des
ponding. .s.la
A great negro insurrection 10 reported in Mis-
sissippi, and an immense onnount of property
has been destroyed-$l50,000 worth on the
Qultman estate alone.