davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Delaware gazette. [volume] (Delaware, Ohio) 1855-1886, 1861-05-17
Agriculture AND 1h, War.

The war will not iuterru,.I he foreign Dc
mand for our agriculture products, nor cut us
of from the foreign markets The ordinary
demand st least will continue from foreign
countries and the warlike aspect of Europe
promises an unusual demand. At home the
purchases for the great army which will bg
kept in the field at least a year, viii have its
influence on the market. and the ordinary con
sumption Of the country will be but little di-
minished.
The farming interest will find its harvest in
the war, and il should use extraordinary excr-
tons to improve ii. let every acre ofground
be planted, and the farm stock be husbandcd
in the most Economical manner. If the war
has created a scarcity Of laDorers in the agri
cultural districts. they can be had from the
cites. Let it he known where HIau eun lind
W"rll for the seastn, and it viii bring a supply
Volunteers lrem the farmers, who have nol
b .en accepted, should reurn to Iabor, where
they can be o! equal service to the country
Nor should farmers stop IT 4 small increase of
wages in ortcr to work all their laid. The
inereas. in the price OF the products will pay
them well fer ii.
Except SpihP paEHlHn's dhFoau lJf dTlItS, iIe
North is carrying on the war almost entirely
0h its own resources. Us capitalists furnish
the moHcy, and it is expended at home. This
operation dots not impovori>h lie cccntry,
although tie State acctntu atcs debt. Under
such circumstances the CHIEF loss OF the conn
try is in the prodrctice @i'Jr Nhich is a5sorb-
Cd in the array Fhfs; lIowcver, somewhat
miTigates the loss al employment by artisans
and labGrcrs from the general suspension OF
operations which were expanded or he credit
SYSTEM The army furnishes employment for
many Of these in lis ranks. and the nanulac-
ture of material for the army emll ys man..
more.
Although much distress to some interests is
inseparabc from the war, yet it cun be carried
on Indefinitely wlitlfCdt Gxhansting the reso'r r
ccs Of the North, SO long it does not di-
minish the agriculture products. The farm
ers have every incentive, in their own profit,
to work their land 10 its full capacity, and
they can secure the labor to do it by using
The proper means; and as they are almost the
only class that will profit by the war, it is to
be hoped that they will improve the opportu-
nifty which ProviI.uee has opened to them.
Delaware gazette. [volume] (Delaware, Ohio) 1855-1886, 1861-05-17
The Presidents. Proclamation for the
Tacraaaa 81 the Army ara NayEs

HhcrcaS, existing eXigemcics demand i'm
mediate and adequate measures for the pro-
lection of tive National Constitution and the
preservation Of the National Union, 10y the
suppression of the insurreclionary combna-
tions now existing in seven States for oppos-
ing the laws Of the Union, and obstruc;ing the
execution thereof, TO which end milit&ty force
in addition to that called forth by my proclaim
alton of the 18th day of April, in the present
vear, appears to be indispcnsaJly necessary
Now, therefore. /, Abraham Lincoln Prcsi-
dent of the United States and Commander-in-
Chief Of the Army and Navy thereof, and Of
the Militia Of the several states, when called
into actual service 10 l.rebj tall Into The Ser
vice Of the Unitei States, forty-two thousand
and ninety-f0ur volunteers, to serve for a peri
cd Of three years unless sooner dj, Gargc,l. and
to be mustered INFO service as infantry and
cavalry. The proportion Of each arm, aud the
details Of enrolment and OrganiZu. ion will be
made known through the Department Of War;
and also direct that the regular army Of tht
United States be increased by the addition of
eight regiments of infantry, one regiment OF
cavalry, and one regiment Of artillery, making
altogether maximum aggregate Increase oi
twenty-five thousand seven hundred and fifty
officers and enlisted men, the details Of which
increase viii also be made Known through the
Department of War. And further direct
the enlistment for not less than one nor more
than three years of eighteen thousand scamen
in addition to the present force, for the naval
service of the United States. The details Of
the enlistment and Organization will be made
known through the Department Of the Navy
The call for volunteers hereby made, and the
direction for the Increase of the regular army
and for the enlistment of scamcn hereby given,
together with the plan OF organization adopt
ed for the volunteers and for the regular forces
hereby authorized, will be submitted tc Con-
gress as soon as assembled. In the meantime
l earnestly invoke the co operation of all good
citizens in the measures hereby adopted for the
efectual suppression Of unlawful violence, for
the impartial enforcement of Constitutional
laws, and foF the speediest possible resiora-
ton of peace and order, and with those ofhap-
piness and prosperity throughout our country.
In testimony whereof, l have hereunto sci
my hand, aud caused the seal Of the United
States TO be affixed
Done at the city of Washington this thid
day of May, in the year Of our Lord one thous-
and eight hundred and sixty-one, and OF the
independence of the United States the eighty
fifth
TSiUnpd ABRAHAM IINCOIN.
By the President.
WILLIAM H. SEWARD,
Secretary of State.
Delaware gazette. [volume] (Delaware, Ohio) 1855-1886, 1861-05-17

every father and mother good, who has a sou
Ia the Fourth Regiment, to have heard the re-
marks made by our worthy Colonel, Lorain
Andrews, to the commissioned officers of his
regiment. They were chararteristic;oft the gen
tleman, the scholar, the Christian and the sol
dier; and it can be safely said to those moth
ers who have given up their richest jewels in
this the hour of tier country's peril, you
could htve committed them to no better hands,
where they will receive more fatherly attention
and care, than under the gallant leadership of
our worthy Colonel. Every word which he
uttered more strongly confirmed US in the opin-
ion, entertained by every man in his regiment,
that he is the right man in the right place
But I must bring my hasty, and feer, too
lengthy letter to close. and will do so by say
ing that we are all in good health, excellent
spirits, and if we see service, as we expect to,
before our return, you may rest assured that
the Delaware boys viii not bring disgrace
upon themselves and friends.
Y ours truly, j. s. JONES.
Delaware gazette. [volume] (Delaware, Ohio) 1855-1886, 1861-05-17
nrerznlor : Veg Of he war.

However much we may all deprecate the
state of things now surrounding Us, and how
! ever anxious we mHy be for peace and com
promise, candid man, if we are at all in
telligent, we are forced 10 admit that the sworn
duty,f lie failed to meet the cris swithout less Of
energy tlan he has displayed. The suprema-
cy Of The Government must be vinlicatcd by
! its power, or bo disgraced in the eyes Of the
/ civilized world, and tfampled under foot ana
cxtnguished forever. Walker. the Secretary
of War OF the bogus Government at Mont
gomery, has openly proclaimed, in public
speech, after the fall Of Fort Sumter, that
their purpose was. in sixty days. to plant the
flag OF the Confederate States upon the dome
of the Capitol at Washington! And as proof
Of this design, they hrve all the time been re-
cruiting men and marching I'll HAT direction.
Let them nitcpmt H. in their madness If they
choose, and the terrible consequences will be
their reward
This is no war Of conquest Or subju CATION, |
on the part of the Government at Washing
ton, but war Of protection, to establish the |
supremacy Of the laws, by Government
strong enough to enforce the respect due to
its flag. Bitter curses are heaped upon the
Northern and Northwestern States, for the
readiness with which they respond to the coll
of the President for men. Men should con-
slider that the issue IS suyh, that duty and pa
triotiSm call upon those States, in thunder
tones, to give the American Flag, and those
who bear it onward 4 griicrous support. Gen.
Scott tahes this view of the subject and under
the binding obligation Of his OATH stands firm
at the head of the Federal army.
AS an individual, we have three or four
ideas planted firmly in our brain, which, il re-
moved by argument; Or any array OF facts, au-
thentic and reliable, we would at once declare
for the Southern Confjdcracy. Until these
ideas are rcfutcd, we will submit to be cruci-
fed before we will Surrender our options
We will bri fly state the points:
First, this whole NOV, ment to break up the
Government; aid dissolve the Union, is the
work of corrupt, designing and unprincipled
who seek their own, and not their
country's good.
Second, this wicked work Of dissolving the
Union has been contemplated for thirty years
1t originated hi the tory State that ltti the
way, and the negro had rothing TO do with it
but was made the occasion of the rebellion.
Third the Southern Conlederacy is in tic
hands of worse men, and will be controlled by
more reckless and unprincipled men than exist
elsewhere.
Believing these Facts with as much sincerity
as we do The teachings Of the bible, we can
never sanction the MOVEMENT of the Southern
rebellion.
Delaware gazette. [volume] (Delaware, Ohio) 1855-1886, 1861-05-17
Etste Rights

The open declaration of legal eentl emeu
/ that they may be converted from loyal and
patriotic citizens into opponents to the Coz
ernment of their country-that their allegi-
| ance may be transferred 10 the piratical or
/ ganization of jeff Davis 4 Co.-by the ac-
/ ton of a convention. Is another proof Of the
demoralizing influence Of the doctrine Of
State rights When FIRST conceived it was
+ harmless enough, being ike the frozen adder
without power and vitality. bnt having been
warmed into life it has fastened It's Gangs in
the very heart of the government. and now
threatens its destruction.
We thank Cod that the poison has MOI.
been Unused; to any great extent, into the
hearts Of the people Of Delaware. They very
generally hold that the State is subordinate
to the government of the United States and
that there exists no power in the legislature
or a convention, to change their allegiance
and convert them into traitors. In short,
the threat Of secession at a time like the
present is incipient treason, and it is as groe'
a crime in a convention, as it IS in an indi-
vidual, TO take sides with those who are as
sailing the government and endeavoring TO
subvert it. IF one shonld be punished for
said offence, the many, even if acting together
in the name of the State, should not be per
mitted to escaped! Crime is not lessened
by the multitude participating, or else Arm
old might have been transformed into pa
triot if he could have shown the authority oil
State for the gross betrayal of the trust i'm
posed in him!
The Government Of the United States i
the supreme power; to it our allegiance is
due, ard when the people Of State attempt
10 prevent the passage Of troops to the de-
fence of the capitol, they put themselves in
the position of traitors! We wish to see this
horrible hcresy of what is called State rights
completely uprooted. The government Of the
United States has the right of way wherever
it is required that its forces should go, and
these Who attempt to obstruct it should be
notified that they viii be ground to powder
and their State be rendered barren and
desert waste, rather than the right shall be
abandoned.
Instead of men saying they viii follow their
State into treason, they should say they 10
not ackaowlcdge the power Of convention
to dissolve lis connection with the general
government, and they viii resist such ordi-
rance by force Of arms This is the true
doctrine, and it is the doctrine that will be
acted upon in the State Of Delaware HI
miagtoa (D-j) Republican.
Delaware gazette. [volume] (Delaware, Ohio) 1855-1886, 1861-05-17
The Banner in the Breeze.

Our cities, towns and villages, are gay with
the streaming colors of the Star Spangled
Banner. We see it floating over the top of
Bunker Hill monument, Trinity church, the
Catholic cathedrals, our public buildings, from
the tops of the highest hills and tallest spires
in places, indeed, where it never waved be-
fore. 1t is now nearer Heaven than any flag
ever waved before. We see it in endless du-
plicate and Of varying size, lining our streets,
decorating our store windows, and being car
ried to and fro on stages, carriages and other
vehicles. We see it in the hands of men, wo-
men and children, indoors and out of doors
We see ladies at the hotels come trooping in
to the dining hall with flags in their hands,
and with the red, white and blue worn on
their bosoms. We see this emblem OF our
constitution and our liberties everywhere
We have it even on our envelopes, and neck
ties, and bits Of white silk to be pinned to our
coat collars. We might pursue our enume-
ration, but enough is said andenough is known
to show that the Star Spangled Banner ex-
presses a sentiment which is universal among
US from Main to Chesapeake Bay. That
sentiment is. the Union. There is no palmer
evidence Oh lhiS grand UNITY OF leellhS thah III
this throwing to the breeze of the flag of our
country. We all rejoice in ii. 1t is poPu-
lar movement, the like of which was never
seen before, and such general unanimity must
command respect abroad, and strike fear to
our enemies at home. 1t shows that we are
still a great people, with the courage and de
termination to support that greatness, and
unite manfully in its achievement be we Dem
ocrats or Republicans Our flag is menaced
and we must defend it to the last come what
may /; and let us rest assured that in the end
to the defenders Of that flag will be the vic
tory.-Netc York Herald
Delaware gazette. [volume] (Delaware, Ohio) 1855-1886, 1861-05-17
The South Relying On a DIVIDED North
for Success.

A gentleman who has been residing in Tex
as throughout the past winter, has recently
returned North, and informs the Boston At
las that the scccssionists everywhere are de
pending for success mainly upon the aid they
expect from the North. They rc!i4iousy be
liere that New York city alone stands rcady
to furnish them with 100000 men Whenever
they may be asked fer. The idea Of united
Nortle IS not entertained for a moment. II i~
ridiculed and dcrided by all. To such an cN-
tent do they rely upon this course for aid and
support, Mr. Wright Says, that If they were
convinced of its fallacy-il they could be made
to believe that the North stan Is united in IA
vor of the Union-Liey lroutd y:eil wttom q
strugglel
The principal source rrom which the South
the entire SUuth-apprehcnds trouble, but
which, for prudential reasons, the least is said
is servie Instruction. The fear that such {
calamity will shortly ensuc, Mr. Wright as
sures me, prevails from the Rio Grande to the
Potomac. Many of the slaves and free blacks
he says, understands the issue near y as wei
as the whites; and in his opion it would re
quire but spark to kindle fire that woulC
spread over the whole South, and destroy thC
accursed institution, root and branch.
Delaware gazette. [volume] (Delaware, Ohio) 1855-1886, 1861-05-17
Rev Names tor old TaI IgJ.

In the year 1850 General Arnold had COM
mand Of The American troops at West Point,
On the North river While in this position
he laid lis pans for betraying his trust For
tunatyly those paus were accidentally discov-
cred, aud Arno,d suddenly seeded to the deck
of British man-oEwar. He was paid the
price Of his infumy in British gold; but he re-
ceivcd the contempt OF all the world. His
crime was called treason, and he wascalled q
traitor.
In SCI General rwiggs had command Of
the American forces in the State of Texas
He had been put in command there by the
government at Washington, which had gran
ted him his commission. He voluntarily be-
trays his trust, ard gives up 10 those who arc
Crying 10 cverturE his own government the
fort lie mmGnds, attempts to make his sub
ordinate eficers in command Of other forts to
do the same thing, and then secedes to Geor-
gia. His symrathizers call his act secession
and him a scCCssicnist.
Delaware gazette. [volume] (Delaware, Ohio) 1855-1886, 1861-05-17
War Terrr1s.

The Columbiad or Paixhan (pronounced
payzan) is large gun, designed principally
for firing shells--it being far more accurate
than the ordinary short mortar.
A mortar is a very short cannon with q
large bore-soma of them thirteen inches in
diameter--for firing Shells Those in use in
our army are set at an angle Of fforty-ive deg,
and the range Of the shell is varied by alter
ing the charge OF powder.
The shell is caused to explode at Just about
the time that it strikes, by means of fuse,
the length of which is adjusted to tine OF
fight 10 be occupied by the ball, which, IL
course, corresponds with the range, The ac-
curacy with which the time Of the burning u
fuse can be adjusted by varying its length ID
surprising good artiIlerists generally succee-
ding in having their shells explode almost al
tl.c exact instant Of striking.
In loading mortar, the shell is carefully
placed with the fuse directly forward, and
completely envolped with fame that the fuse
Is tsearly always fired. The fuse is made by
filing ifooden cylinder being OF sufficient
lcnght for tie longest ranges, as required.
4 Bahlgten gun is an ordinary cannon, ex-
copt th2t t has been made very thick at the
breech Tor some three or four feet, when it ta-
pers down sharply to less than the usual size.
This form was adopted in consequence. Of
the eXFcrime;its Of Captain DahIgren, Ofthe
United States Navy, having shown that when
u gun bursts it usually gives way at the
breech. The Niagara is armed with these
guns and at the Brooklyn Navy Yard there
are sixty, weighing about 5000 pounds each,
and six Of l2000 poaHds weight each, the for
mer Of which are capable Of carrying a nine
nch and the latter n tcn-inch shell q distance
,f two or three miles; and there is one gun OF
-his pattern which weighs 1876 pounds, and
S warranted to send an cevcn-inch shell, four
niles
a caccma'e, is stone roof to fort, made
chick to resist the force of cannon
,alls; and caserate gun is one which is
laced under a casemate.
a Barbette is one which is placed on the
op Of the fortifcation.
An Embrasure is the hole or opening thro'
'hich guns are fired fIcn 'artifeations.
Loop holes are open:r IS /. the walls to FIRE
lusketry through.-[S, nti6 American.
Delaware gazette. [volume] (Delaware, Ohio) 1855-1886, 1861-05-17
Prsparat iers IN Virginia.

The Richmond Enquirer, in an article de-
signed 10 show the readiness OF Virginia for
the impending strife and her ability to main
tain the position she has asNtmcd, says of the
preparatioIs already made;
General Ice can at any moment leave Rich
mond at the lead Of twenty thousand men,
now here aud in the counties between this and
Alexandria. General GwynD. at Norfolk, and
General Rug2cs, u, fredericksburg. have each
a very large army under their command. The
railroads of tie State, under the Quartermas-
ter's Department are held in readiness for the
transportation Of troops from point TO point.
The telegraph viii communicate orders, while
couricrs are prepared TO convey commands
wherever the telegraph docs not extend
Delaware gazette. [volume] (Delaware, Ohio) 1855-1886, 1861-05-17
maryland For 5tI3 n--sp0ech o
Rev I,asons

BALTIMORE, May THE Union demOnstrd
ton at Frederick to-day was grand affair
Hon. Revcrdy johnson, in behalf of the ladies,
presented a flag to the Home Guard, who had
| 900 members present, besides a large and
enthusiastic gathering of the people. Mr..
johnson said in the original cases which have
produced the prcsSnt emergency, Maryland
las l;.H 10 share. Her people ever were and
now are Jealous in the support Of the .Consti-
tuition. and a government which they we're
foremost in forming and adopting. No threat
Of treason has ever been whispered within her
limits, while the blessings and advantages OF
the Union have ever been fully estimated and
appreciated, the loss OF these advantages, it is
felt, would be utter ruin. In this ruin all the
states would more or less share. But our ge-
ographici.l position would make it to us inn
med ate and total. Separation is impossible;
but for the resistance to its just and legal au-
thority the Government had given no causes,
and had tie friends Of constitutional rights re-
maincd at their posts in Congress, the power
of the Government to transgress lis authority
could have Been cfFtctually tiWaited The
leaders Of the rebellion were actuated by an
unholy thirst for official power. The plot is
eyinced in the elevation to the place ofall who
have dgsecniel oliica positions and plotted
treason. 1lsy may as well strike at the
heavens with their arms as against the Amef-
lean Union Defeat was cerlain to rebellion
The Free Siates, according to the last census,
have 3.787 900 males between the ages Of 10
and Is.
The slave States have 1,655,OO0, the sece:
ded States, exclusive of Virginia, have only
53l 900, and the difference in wealth is pro-
porticnate to that of men. With such vast
disparity the end of the struggle is beyond
doabt. 1t was the aim of tie South to con
iG6 the war to the Border States. Mr.. Cobb
was even now congratulating them Oh the re-
movaI of it from their midst, but Maryland
should Illustrate this cowardly policy. Let
those who have provoked he war bear its en-
tire bruut. Marylands proper position is to
remain firm in ter loyalty to the GoTetemetft;
The re .cllioa leaders had done all they could
for LincJIa's election, as the means Of precipi-
tating revolution in tie South. They relied
for the success Of their plans, on the interveu-
ton Of the Border States and tlic division in
the North but they were short-sghted men.
The frst gun fired at noble and starving
garrison was IA blow at the Nations heart,
and united North hal sprung to arms in
vndication Of the 6l.g and the maintenance Of
the Government lieayeu forbid that the duty
OF that yimdication should be forgotten by Ma
ry,a"d.
Several arrests we're made Of parties charged
with par. iciiuting il The attack on the Massa-
chnsrlis rJops. yesterday and to-day there has
5ecn stampede among the suspected, seventy
~ the rioters have disappeared, the Legisla-
turo dd nothing to-L,y.
Delaware gazette. [volume] (Delaware, Ohio) 1855-1886, 1861-05-17
NIs11 IS tIra Camnaien.

By putting together the facts which | have
gathered from several officers just from Wash
ineton, it bccomcs quite evident that the War
Department has made arrangements for carry
ing on the war on large scale of magnitude
not yet injimatcd and with vigor and de
termination that mast insure success. The
first operations Of the campaign viii be the
military occupation of Baltimore, and that
part of the lhiladelPhia, Wilmington and
Baltimore railroad between Havre de Grace
and Baltimore, the rebuilding Of all the
bridges between the latter two points the
establishment Of another camp at Havre de
Grace, and the concentration of an army Of
ffty thousand men at Washington, Of whom
a due proportion shall be artillery and cav
airy. These m ,vements will all be executed
by the 10th OF May.
The future operations Of the campaign will
depend somewhat upon the attitude Of the
South, and particularly of Virginia. If mat
ters remain then as they are now, the next
movement will be upon Harper Ferry, Rich
mond and Norfolk, all Of which places will be
taken, garrisoncd and held. At the same
time strong Naval force will blockade "ef-
fectually," according to the recognized prin-
ciples of international law all the Southern
ports.
In September, if the war should last so
long, the President will call for additional
regiments from all the States, enough to make
up an army of a hundred thousand men, in adj
dition to those already in the field. A por-
tion of these newly raised levies will be posted
in Washington and at the points named above
and then, in November, the finishing blows o
the war will be struck by the invasion of thC
South, and the occupation Of every important
Southern