New-York daily tribune., 1861-01-21
NetpsOurk l1ailp Gribu,re
THE STATE OF EUROPE,
from Our orn corre.pondont.

A'Vih OVf ONn t0treepond0nt
TERM. jim. /. 1851.
All the year Of 1860 belonged 10 Tie Itali,o
movement Even tho French treaty Of com.
meree, the Syrian massocres, and fhe var Of
China, each ot them Of the most important re-
suits, are comparatively insignificant il we ,u.
them into the balance with the creation ffhe Rne
dom Of Italy the sixth great power in Europc
which, by its very existence tears the treaty of
1915 INTO pieces, and inaugurotcs new era in
the history Of international law. There were
few mon in Europe who, on the lst of Januar.
lcGO, would have dreamed that such an I'M
portant event could be achieved without great
bloOdshed and general European CONFUSION.
AZ the beginning OF the year the Cabinet of Turn had
scarcely the courage to accept the crown5 of Parma
Nodena, Tuscany, and the Legations; but step bY
step Sicily Naples, Umbria and tho Marches
have been absorbed. GaribaEfs sword and
Cavuur's diplomacy have achieved one VIC
Ory after the other, and though Mica had
o be ceded to Napoleon, though Savoy followed tbs
natural course OF eTents, aud fell TO France, TO
which she belongs by her geographical position as
wen as by her nationality, though SwitzerisBd
protested aud England got uneasy, and the Norh.
crn Powers tired to oppose the progress OF Italy VIC
see her now powerful empire, preparing fOrstha
last and greatest effort by which Yenetia ia 70 he
wrested from Austria. All the Powers Of Eurose
interested in this great question, which seeks
solution during the present year. France, 10 be
ready for the emergency, is endowed with greater
Liberties, the restrictions OF her press loosened
the tribune becomes frcer if moi free tho rgor OF ihs
passport system is done away with, at least TOR
Engllshren, and liberal tariff mulhples the social
and commercial Intercourse between Eagand and
France. England, again, anxious to maintain
peace, makes efforts TO persuade Austria to sell
Ncuetia, but the Austrian Archdukes united
in family council, declare that she sale
of dscontented province Il dishOa0rable.
According TO the Archducal views II Is quite honor
able to oppress Venetia, to fleece her inhabitants to
put them under martial law, to send the bVidesi
10 prison without Judgment or any legal process.
TO drive the youth across the PO and Nihce
into the amy Of Victor Emanuel and Garibsidi;
but it is dsaOnOrabIe to set the province free by
cepting q considerable SUM- 0f money winch night
enable the Empire 10 get out Ot the miserable slate
OF bankruptcy that hGs reduced the Austria
Eve per cents TO foriy-one, and annhated the endt
Oi an Empire whose armies have within the last
few years occupied in turn Hamburg, Ancona, and
Bucharest.
still, English diplomacy does not despair
Of arranging that great question, in the belief
that it cost fanCis Joseph stIH creator sacrifice
to yield to the claims of the Hungarian rebels vino
without caring much for Vienna and the Austrian
Cabinet, have already rec0nquered thlee-four!hs
OF the rights first acquired By the eyeass Of
I34o. The work of Haynau and schwarzenberg. Of
Bach and Bruck, 10 completely demolished. The
German officials remain on suiierance IN Hungary.
and the Comfy OF Blhar has already glyea
them notice 20 leave within three months
The County OF Zempln has had the courage 10 elect
the arcL-Ietel Louis Kossuth into the Committee Of
the County; TIE town Pesth prOGssts agoins ne az
rest Ot Count Ieek, basely surrendered by the oJXo1
Cabinet 10 Austria; the Lord LleUtenans sp-
pointed by the Crown Unanimously refuse ~ taAs
the oath prescribed by the Vienna Ministry, and arc
backed by the counties; the martyrs OF ls49 are
mentioned with praise the prisoners of Joseph
sadt, Kuisten, aud 1heTssenstadt are at the head
oil the municipalities Who could have pfogaOssi-
Gated such a sudden change OF affairs in Hungary
And still Francis Joseph, with all his five hundred
thousand bayOnets, dares not oppose this move
ment nay, he gives hrs assent TO tue incOr-
poratIOn Of the WOlwodina, to the reaunex.tlja
Croatia, SavOnia, AID Damatia, and even TO
he union OF Pennsylvania. Thus one tul hall OF tle
Austrian eElpire is detached from tle Central Gov
f, mmeut Of Vienna, and LETT ieebly connected with
ihe Imperial house by the bonds OF personal Union.
TIE Emperor of Austria is indeed the King iluagl-
-, but lis Imperial Ministers have not any authyr-
lty beyond the MOraya aDd Layha, and the realm Of
81. hen is once more free aud constitutional.
The Bohemans, cured of their Austrianism OF 1919,
now likewise claim provincial autoaany, aad The
icyivGl of their ancient rights, lost two ceituns
back by the battle Of the White Mountain, aGd tbe
Galciaus, encouraged by the success of Hungary,
become as troublesome as their neighbOrs Bs
Poles and tie Ruthencs have made peace among
themselves, aud dcputation was sent from Lemberg
TO Vienna 10 claim national organization upOn the
model OF Hungary. To meet sucn increasing difficult
ties the Court returns 10 the exLberals Oi 1919 at
Vienna. ScblneriHg, the traitor OF Frankfort, ls
PRIME Minister, and furnishes up the phrases ol the
constitutional period without inspiring confidence;
while Count Mensdorf, the first cousin of Queen Vie
tora gets the Foreign Office, in order TO insarc the
alliance of England for the moment OF danger. But
though Napoleon, Lord Palmerston, and Count
CayOur are most anxious TO postpone the decisive
war, it cannot be avoided, and probably within the
four next months We shall Austria engaged in her
last struggle. Public opinion takes such turn IA
Italy that GaIibald cannot longer be saubbed
Victor Emanuel insists upon it that his wayward
friend snail have part in the maaagement Of
aiails. He is angry against Farni and Fanti, vino
have estranged hln; and eyeh Count Cayoar may
be obliged to yield his place TO some statesman
more acceptable IL the hero OF CaPrera.