Smyrna times., 1861-07-18

~ EuASueu dS&IHst tue earnest opposition Ol
tne North, and to the temporary prostraton of
Inelr commerce, navigation aud fisheries
; lneF capital was driven in this waV into man
utac'ures, and on the return Of peace, The
foundations of the protective system were laid
IN 'he square yard duty on cotton fabrics, in the
support OF which Mr.. Calhoun advised that the
growth of the manufacture would open a new
market tor the staple Of the South, took the
lead. As late as 1921, the Legislature ofSOlth
| carolina unanimously affirmed the Constitu-
uonallly OF protective duties,-and of all the
States ofthe Union, Louisiana has derived the
greatest benefit from this policy in fact she
owes the sugar culture to il, and has tor that
reason given II her steady support. 10 all the
tarih Oattics while | was member ofCongress
lew voters were surer for the policy than that
ol Louisiana. 1t the duty on an article i'm
ported ls considered as added TO lis pricc in
our market (Which, however, is far from being
invariably the case,) the sugar duty, oflate,
mas amounted to a tax of five millions Of doll.
ars annually paid by the consumer, tor the ben.
eht OF the Louisiana planter.
- KING COTTON A CHILD OF THE TARIFF!
AS to It's being an Unconstitutional policy. !, is
perfectly well known that the protection Of
manufactures was leading and avowcd object
Tor the for ration of the Constitution The
second law passed by Congress after its for.
nation was reycnue law. Its preamble is as
| follows; "Whereas, 1t is necessary for the
support ofGovernmeut, for The discharge of the
debts Of the UaiIed States, and the encourage.
! ment ana protection OF manufactures, that du-
ties be la on goods, wares merchandise i'm.
ported That act was reported to the House
OF Representatives by MIR. Madison, who is en-
tilIeu as much as any one to be called the th-
er OF the Constitution While 1t was pendinn
before the House, aud in The first week of the
hrst session of the first Congress, two mcmor.
lals were presented, praying for protective
duties and it is a matter of some CURIOSITY TO
inquire from what part of the country this
hrsl call came fer that policy now put forward
as one OF the acts of Northern oppression, which
justify the South in flying to arms. The first
OF these petitions was from Baltimore. 1t i'm.
plored the new Government to Law protect
Ing duty on all articles imported from abroad,
which caA be manufactured at home the sec
ond was from the shpwrigh,s OF Charleston,
South Carolina, praying for such geDeralrec-
ulatIon OF trade and the establishment Of such
a navigation acta will relieve the particular
dlsHesses OF the petitioners, in co,amon with
those OF their fellow shipwrghts throughout
the Union! Laughter aud applause
But the history Of the great Sonlhcrn staple
Is most curious and instructive. Ills Majesty.
liking Cotton" on bis throne does not seem
to be aware Of the influences which surrounded
his cradle. The culture Of cotton, on any con |
siderable scale, is welk nown to be of recent
date in America. The household manufacture
of cotton was coeval with the settlement ofthe
country. A century before the pianoforle or .
the harp was seen on this continent. the music
of the spinning wheel was heard at every
hreside 10 town and country. The raw mate
rails were wool, flax and cotton, the last i'm. I
ported from the West Indies The Colonial I
system of Great Britain before the Revolution /
forbade the establishment of any other than I
household manufactures. Soon after the Rev. i
luton, cottoD.mis were erected in Rhode /
Island and Massachusetts, and the infant man.
ufacture was encouraged by State duties on the |
important fabric. The raw material was still
derived exclusively from the West Indies.
Thus, IN The infancy of the cotton mauufac-
tures OF the North, at the moment when they
were deprived of the protection extended to
them before the Constitution by State laws,
and while they were struggling against English
competition under the rapidly improving ma.
chinery Of Arkwright, which il was hichly
penal to export to foreign countries, q heavy
burden was laid upon them by this protecting
duty, to enable the planters of South Carolina
and Georgia TO explore the tropics, for a vari.
ETY. OF cotton seed adapted to their climate.
For seven years at least, and probably more,
this duty was In every sense of the word q
protecting duty. There W; 5 not Il pound OF
cotton spun-no not for candlcwicks to lipht
the humble industry of the cottages Of The
North, which did not pay this tribute to the
Southern planter. Cheers The growth of
the native article, as we have seen, had not in
1894 reached a point to be known to Chief
Justice Jay as one of actual or probable export
ne Init n m N mot ~ d.
in Delaware. petitioned Congress for the repeal
ofthIs duty on imported cotton, and the petition
re elected on the report OF a committee, CON
sistlng of a ina orlty from the SoutherA Slntes.
on the ground " that TO repeal the duty on raw
cotton imported would be to damp the growth
Of raw cotton in our own country" Radcle
and plumule, root and branch blossom a nd bolI.
the culture Of the cotton plant in The United
States was in its infancy the foster child ofthe
protective system. lApplOuse.l
KING COTTON A DEBTOR TO YANKEE INGENUITY.
When. therefore, the pedigree of King Cot
ton is traced, hC is found to be the lineal child
of the Tariff; called into being by specific
duty; reared by tax laid upon the mipufac.
turing industry of tue North, to create The
culture of the ra W material 10 the South The
Northern manufacturers ofAmerlca were slight.
ly protected in 1850, because they were too
feeble to stand alone. Reared into magnitude
under the restrictive system and the war of
1872, they were upheld in 1916 beee use they
ere too important 20 be sacrificed, and be-
cause the great staple Of the South had Joint
interest IN their prosperity. King Cotton,
only 10 his manhood not in his adolescence,
not in hisinfancy, but in his very embryo state,
was pensloned upon the Treasury--before the
seed from which he sprang was cast in the
lowest paris Of the earth. In the book of the
Tariff " his members were written which were
fashioned In countenance when as yet there
we're none ofthem" +.}. s~~sQ. s.t5"
But u was not enough TO create the culture
Of Gotten atthe South. by taxing the manufac.
lures OF the North with duty onthe raw ma
terial the extension of that culture. and the
prosperity which it has conferred upon the
South are due to the mechanical genius OF the
North. What says DIR. Justice Johnson, of /