The daily exchange. [volume] (Baltimore, Md.) 1858-1861, 1860-02-04

The SUPERIOR VALUE OF EDUCATED LABoR.-Dur-
ing the past year, the Secretary of the Board of
Education of the State of Massachusetts, addressed
circulars to the proprietors of all the manufactur
ing establishments in the State asking for the re-
suits of their observation to the influence of
| education upon the character of the operatives
The questions refer to the relative profitableness of
ignorant and intelligent laborers, their comparative
| honesty and morality, the proper age at which
| children may be set at work, and the amount of
| schooling which they shoudreceive the proportion
| OF operatives who cannot write their Names and
the number who have ever been pupils in our COM
| mon schools, the comparative wages obtained bv
! Ignorant and intelligent laborers, and the quality
| of their work.
From the replies received, the Secretary deduces
| the following propositions:
That only about seventy per cent. of the adult
operative population are able to write their names
'That much the larger part of the operatives
was born in other countries, and that a small por-
tlon only have been trained in the public schools of
| the United States.
"That among large number of persons and upon
an average trustworthness in labor and honesty
in the custody of property, are proportonate to
| the intelligence of the operatives.
| "That by the substitution of foreign born for
American laborers, there has been an intellectual
| and moral deterioration of the operative popua-
ton, and that this unfavorabe change has been
| arrested in few places only.
'That ignorant labor is always expensive labor.
''That the amount and quality of the work per-
formed are proportonate to the intelligence of the
| aborers.
"That in the manufacturing towns, schools for
the education of adults should be established
not be permitted to work in the mills wbiIa tba
schools are in session. and that laws should be en-
acted and rigidly enforced in regard to those who
are more than twelve years of age"
a rko,KAfA iAkiFF'-ln the lnvestlgation now
being made by the Committee of the New ork Le-
glslature, IL was lully established that dlscrmina-
tion between way and through freight Is unavoid-
able IN consequence OF the greater cost of trans
pornng way than through frelght:
Experienced railroad men proved what these
sIeaeeI e1pehSes were, anu tnat tney Wouid not De
| prevented on any road, however managed Ihey
also proved that the winter rates were necessarily
IN consequence OF the greater cost OF run
nins trains IN winter than IN summer, and testified
onaS fucii increase on New lork ralroads taxing
series OF years; had peen unusually moderate
EVluehce was auuuced ana suostantlated by the
production OF the several tariffs, that the rates of
@ way ireagnt ea on tn the New ork Central Road are
'o'oe' "dn ne 'oco Foes on corresponding distances
o" any g me Prhc'P"S t"es Of rd'trodd IN the coun-
would be utterly mnossibIe for anv reiiro,d nnder
pro-rata law to do both way and through business.
and that under such svstem tho tbrornb hnsi
ness must he ndoned. that II the Na1v yert road
were compelled to make fixed tariff. which couId
not be changed in less than thirty d.vs the rival
lines would cut sufficiently under to take the entire
business This would necessarily divert ali the
business from the State IA we'll from the canals
from the railroads This testimony today ia so;J
to have produced a decided effect on the nnhIir
mind" FN'''>
pz,,,nv ,n,, D -, Co,,zaoz---5.--
& no,S W N 90 Lepnanlan
maa.as ~. W. Issues s a. a. ~ 90 Sorth street
and' Tue oarn ol Ut: burnham extends
tho us la nnI 'o9 wnle the DocTpr CLAIMS
raro "1 nn P2 y, posSesslon Mr: f. halhaWaY
sonorod ,rhi . tna' unless tne oarn wa;
eiF Win Len ua5s ne suouu move IL MIN
f sen. IN accuruance tnereWltn MT. nathaway
eand;na ar nF h 70 mn, 70 saw on tne OF
noon he Commenced tbo 80 anL h n aiter
with battering-ram shook the staging in ancb
marner that NJ Hathawon os cos,n,nd iH tu'n =,