, 1860-09-08
THE ITALIAN QUESTION.
fFreyn Sh . TIwn<

resented by Garlbaldi, ali aRsert their claim to
be considered, and all eau, in some degr,e, in.
huence the momentous result. The notion Of
aa Italian federation With the Pope st it, head,
which plaved 50 considerable part in tho t1esly
Of Villafranca. seems to be finally and definitely
abandoned. From the time th It a single Mate
had obtained possession Of all Northern Italy
and of ths Legations. from the lime that the
great powers suffered those Legations to cast
oil the yoke Of the Pope, and abstract from him
the time that it became evident the feud between
tue Bourbons of Naples ard their people
was irreconcilable, all proapect Of an Italian
federation, based On an order Of things which
belonged so entirely to the past, WIS sw' ps
away. l ally gained this a. least-thas the des:
TIMES OF one part we're more closely united
with the dcstinles Of the others than before,
and that the whole country, even though
it had not atta'uei perfect unity, SEEM
ed like]r to stand or perish together.
1t WAS oulte c1ear that there was within 1ts'y
itself 70 power strong enough to enforce tbe
establishment of federal system, and that II
left 10 herself the tendency Of the whole pe1in-
s,,la would be to full under single govern
meut. How earnest Austria was for peace. aud
how little disposed, lor the moment ut least,
to interfere in the internal afars Of those pat t.
of 1talr which did not b'lou9 to her, she had
shown By the treaty of Eillafranca. and still
more clearly by her assent at Zurich to mollG.
cations Of that .Eeaty, designed expressly TO
revoke the protection promised. in the first IN
stance, to the rulers ul Parma, Of Modena, aud
OF Tuscany. 1t seemed, At that tlme at least,
to.erablv clear that Austria had resigned any
attempt to interfere with the government Of
I,aly beyond the frontiers OF Venetia, and that
she was prepared to witness, with real or af-
fected indifference, the revolution OF States now
40 remotely connected with her. Sardinia, on
tic other hand, had rJthipg to gain from
course of UNIT xatior, provided that thus annex
a:isu should be 90 conducted as to give Austria
no lust cause for future apprehension, and to
respect whatever portion Of the Roman terrific.
ry France might chooAe as the seal Of her occu-
patton, In the interests Of Austria and Pied
mont Il ere did NOT appear. theref re. to be
auythiup irreconci'atie Their positions were
clear and well defined, aud there seemed no
reason to apprehend that they would depart
from them.
The position Of Fr,nce WAS great deal more
complicated, o1i4y mainly to the tortuous na.
ture Of the policy she had pursued. With what
rrtci:e motives the French Emperor took up
arms to nberate Italy, it is net rery easy to d.
riae. Wbateyer those motives were, We do not
think that they included among them the first
md most obvinus result OF this po!icy-a
change in the balance oil power IN Europe. By
the state OF things which existed before the
late war, Italy WEB indeed reduced 10 geo
graphical expression. Austria had enough
Iower TO present the Princes of Italy from cx-
ercis,ne influence on tbs affairs of Europe, and
those princes retained enough indep udeuce to
prevent them frum adding materially to the
strengta Ct t5e austrian Umpire bus ahl.ea
under q slnste neao .ney 'otm ra a.ase 81 coa'
sideraale lthaence' aoo one t9at caanot oe nee
! csed in Il e Estimates Of European power:
Victor Emanuel has now twelve millions Of
subjects. ard should Naples be added to lis do
nipjons. will have tut least twenty mIll!ons.
France naturally has no wish to raise up Euca a
Stute close beside her, but then she does not
desire TO undo her o"n work. The Emperor
wishes to humble the Pope, but q respect fur
the op:n,on and the religion OF his people does
not permit the Emperor to destray hiut- These
thin rs give his policy the Hppeara: ce, and ofte1
the reality, oi vacl!lation. But We shall not,
perhaps, be wran1 in assuming tint. 80 long as
10 other power lnierveues, Fracce will be con-
tent to allow the drama Of allan liberation to
be played out b5 Italian hao5s..
Meanwhile, Austria and Prussia have met at
Topiitz, and have resolved that, SO long as
Eenet.a remains untouched, they will abstain
ehuuld any attack ne naue on this remasnlpg
province OF AustFta, my will make common
cause IN her deitnce' haf, then, are tue pros
pects OF GaElbaldl and the revolution Which he
personiGes! F.om the subordinate position OF
. PARTISAN leader, c'e4rrg the front OF the
French end beating up the quarters OF the Aus
trians, lie has raised himself By his ga1lantry
fairly be raaked among those influences which
dispose Of the destiny Of that country which he
has loved 50 well and served 30 'ral5.. Lie il
f1ttesed by no treaty ooligalions, W no d5nastic
traditions. The nature OF tls pohlnon relieves
him from tAe necessity Of 1olioHlng ah5 tnlns :
except tae ofcta:es Of hls own Judgment and
tae suggestions o. US o"1 Ren.us. hlnes ooa
EtnPerofs are snah 1aaeea nealoe q man VINO
VITA notning 70 ie'y On out MS name, als ~
teleenee' a.u MS eo9!ago' uas !ounu Mea"s u
taise nlnsen u pos'soh mniIa p.ases ln ILL ala
nies Q. ICY. "e Auow oo1 "ns. ale ua.,oaa.
u lnlsI.ions, ous' VIC u W !aote VI 'nen'
1som "hs1 ieac9es us, We lf8"a 1nem Tltn
mote apprehension en1n nope ae Is sa'a W
view me conquest OF otel} only es ss tepping,
stone 10 ms eonqaess OF naples, aeu me nniteo
!ofce Of 2leuy aaa Naples as Z meaos o1 "o1K
1ng ont tne oenveFaoce oi me pastimcny 81
FeteF, II not OF home itselt, from the sovereign
y Of the rope. Ih9S lofu of Sousnern ltal5
empire. pfooaoty oy cfeat1ng afesoInt1onaf5
movement m 19 Hungary, ano never 10 sn' aiee hsf
swofo I'LL lazy, tnc'uaing 1ne province o.
senetfs snsll aeHno".eage tae single scep31e o.
Picsof Emanuel
1t 'nis Ptau has much OF tue daring, 1t ha:
also much Of Tue e1t1asa8ance o. genus: fol
ourselves, We nave not tne sARatess onJectlor
thAt Garlbaidt ahoula aasanee as lar az be ca1
g. encounter,n< mercy a'a!an opPoslt'on. l
will deliver one of the finest portions Of tht
earth from c'ue! and hspocr'ticai tyranny
| If tie shall wrest the patrtnony Of st. Pe'el
| from the Pope, be Will trec people possessed
Of many noble qualities, from the yoke OF De
grading theocEacg. II Inc people mus oehs