The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1860-06-26

ior 81 maBuncence, ana inc NUMBER o. M
The men of all classes are exceedingly courteous,
and although nquisitive about srangers become
ooensiyely Intrusive. The lower people evidently
70 great dread Of their superors and reserved
"a their presence than they would b if they wcre c
10 their natural instincts The rigid excussveress Ia
regard to Foreigners is law merely ens.ted by the
government from motives Of policy, and not q senti.
friendly intercourse "The Japanese says K@mp
fer "are very industrious and Injured 70 hardshps Very
roots, ,ortoses Shell sh sea Weeds ana che Ike Water
IS their cSmmon drink They go bare hea<ed and bare
,eSged they wSar no tnrs they have soft pillows
heads, instead Of pillow, on piece Of wood wood
enbox somewhat depressed in the middle They can pass
whole nights without sleeping, and sdtr all manner OF
hsrdships.n The following apparently very pic
tre Of this people Is given by an anonymous writer Of
wit and incredible patience nsuEerng labor and
rows. They take great aud dtgent lest either in
word or deed they should cw sheir fear duness Of
mind and lest they should make any whosoever he
boz partaksr Of their troubles and They coFet
ceeiHgy honor and praise and poverty with them bring
least injury in the world to rss unrevcnged For gravity
and courtesy they give not place TO the Spanards They
generally atable and fu of compliments. They
very puncal in the entesenment Of strangers OF whom
theywl curousy inquire even tribes Of foreign people
afther manners and such like things They will as
lose aimb as omit one ceremony in welcoming friend
They used 10 give and receive the cup at and the
others hands and before the master Of the house begins
TO drink he will prefer the cup to every Of hi
guests making show to have them begin Fish, roots
and rice are their common junke; and If they chance to
Kin hen, duck or pig, which is but seldom they will
not, ike churs, eat II alone but their friends Will be
partakers of IT, Although essentially abscmious and
sober people they are not ayerse occasionally TO strong
potatons."
The japanese laws very short and ineligible, ard
the proceedings under them simple as the laws
man being deemed competent 10 MEAD canss
apar'y IS aegrievcd he appeals to the magistrate who
stated by the complainant his own way and ,hs ne,
cused is heard reply The magistrate examines wit
IN The detection Of sehoS ne
from which there is no appeal, and Is carried INTO
execution instanter. If the matter in dispute be
Of great importance the magistrate may refer
il TO the Emperor in council. Sometimes in
tng he orders the parties to go and settle the
privately with the aid Of their friends and il is
well understood that the matter must be settled or un-
pleasant consequences will result See Ecy Brs, iS4o;
De BOWS Rerec, TX.
The great Of revenue in Japan the rent OF land
with mpost on houses in the manner cf a ground
rent There appears to be tax articles Of consunp
ton, no capation tax and transit duties The cult
vators Of the soil appear TO be yens simply
pants cutivating metayers. In lands belonging to the
crown the proportion Of the crop considered rent 10 four
parts in ten, and in the rest six in ten commonly
the latter These proportions apply 10 every kind a
cropcorn pulses and cotton The land in order TO de-
ermine the rent is surveyed by appraisers twice
year, before the seed is sown and again immedi-
atey before harvest Those that cultivate untitled ground
have the whole crop for two three years Among
many excellent laws relating 10 agriculture, one is
that wtcsoever does not cultivate his ground FOR
the tenn Of one year forfe'ss his possession Il
that the mpost on the land does not materially differ
om that assumed land tax under the Mohammedan go
vcrImen of Hindostan and continued In places by
ourselves. This will enable to make approximate
estimate Of the rental OF Japanhat is, Of the principal
Il its public income. This, Of course will sup
pose similar condition society and rate Of population
In japan and the country with which IL s compared.
Let us take therefore, the same Indian territories by
which We have attempted 70 estimate the population.
These have in round numbers population Of 46 ESQ
and yield land tax OF f1o,o0o $50 This proportion
40 oooeoo rental Of nearly IS o0 70 be divided
tween the imperial governments, feudatory princes,
hereditary mobiles, and the soldlery
To the rent q lands to be added the ground Of
the bones which is said to be At the rate Of Is Sd for
each aibom Of frontage without regard Depth unless
i exceed fifteen fathcms, when the rate IS doubled.
Whether the impost applies 10 all houses, wherever
situated or only to those in towns, Is not stated but II
average Of five inhabitants and also five fathoms Of
nouiagc would give the from this more
than f3 100 GOO or, adding this to the land rent,
would make the annual revenue OF the empire about
sl2 100000.
The japanese, being chiefly depen,cn. on the soil for
subsistence, have arrived at high stale Of perfection in
the arts Of agriculture Though part Of the coun-
try Is huy mountainous, and the soil in general
euvuted, ara very asusssn, Crops are rated WS.rs
The land Is inaccessible TO tLe plough Is cultivated by
lie" to mans and saon As Hs ss So@ c as's
utes hardly psrt of their subs$stccc no pastures or
mcaeews aIe 70 be seen Rice easisstes the main OBJ
PIE frcn one end Of the enpiret 10 the uhcr. Its cuva
n extends TO The island of Ycso gnd as far north as
forty i've degrees Of latitude The ric5 Japan known
70 excel every other in Asia this may no, be owing
exclusively 90 lie skilfu culicatsns hut partly 10 tho
climate and the distance VI Jaran from the tropics prom
II the nlat dsi drink called all IA kind Of r,cc
bccr IN very general use Wheat and barley grown
but the former not in much use. and abe latter the
chhf provcpder 81 cattle. Rye maxc, panic mct and the
Cyncsoas also RAISED Erans and rcs Of
dercut kinos are cutvated in great abundance rrcu
sauce, prepared by bos,sag and fsr,rentson 4 male
Amole cent roots and pot Lerbs the following
csssialy cultivated eaia The potssoe carrot, tur
The fruits are generally those ~ Europe a. the orange
lemon, peach, ng Ivas, chestnut walnut and cherry.
The tea plant In japan, IN China takes the place Of
the vine the Temperate regions Of the west ana Of tho
coffee IN tropical counirirs. "The tea ehruD,n SAYS
kamp'er, s one Of the most useful plants growRs IN
Jian and yet II allowed no other bat round the
borders % rice and corBeds and other barren pnccs
uLht for ihe culture q ether things" In Il places the
generally, however, hardly as mach as our hawthorn
hedges, and thus the eay unit the
.as asroa m.s ', e u among the
n the ninth century Tobacco was drst introduced BY
he Portuguese IN the early part q the siScth century
and isrcmukabie that tho JasApezs Enrsru instituted
prosecution seret liz growers and smokers the same
Tine that King James issued his Counter Blast, and with
rs little eject IN arrcstng It's use. The plants cultivated
IN Japan for textile purposes cotton and hemp in tho
northern stands The mulberry IL grown for The silk
In hsbaniry Gotten ranks next In Importance 10
RICE md furnishes materials for clothing the great
cf the people.
nAxrvAcr-NEs
n the manufacture &C coton brics the japanese Dis
play considerable sk bat In this respect thcy do not
elva the Eibdoos Their best said 10 be superior
To- that OF China In the manufacture &C pcrccain too
they src said by some 10 excel the Chinese Specimens OF
great heeuy aud delicacy nj least have been produced
best clay such srtcics longer be manufacturcd
Like the Chinese, The Japanese have long pracsed the
manufacture II PAPER aud glss. Formerly they did not
Know low 10 make the nat pano fw window glass and
prcbably what they do make Is " inferior quality
- they stil purchase Thick mirror glass FROM the
Tnfch Ia nd nj flo.u
great abundance, ss well for writing and printing rs
for tapestry, handkerchief, &c Il rs made Of very
various qualities, aud some " II son and fcxibc as
cotton cloth Indeed that eaef for handkcrchicfs ght
be- mistaken for cloth % Ear tcughnc~s and ncxibty
concerned This lalrr made of the bark " tie
mulberry lHyw rcpyvVva) by means of the following
wcccss-r nsccnbr. after the tree has shed leays
they cot oG the young shocts about three feet length
and I've them up In b,ndles They are then boiled in
ne VI ashcs in covered kettle. All the bark Is 70 shrunk
hat hill am nsh of the wood may he projecting at
either end q The branch When cool the bark stripped