New-York daily tribune. [volume] (New-York [N.Y.]) 1842-1866, 1860-02-22
THE YALE AGRICULTURAL LECTURES.
EIGHTEENTH DAY. .

this IL one of the best lectures OF the couse was the
Whispered greeting that got from neighbour on en-
terpg the Temple, O little after Mr.. Charles L. Flint
had commenced his lecture Mich Cows, this morn
ing. 1t was capital discourse, without doubt, and
contained much information of practical value:
Mr. Flint called attention 10 the fact that the DAIRY
qualities of our stock are artificial, and mainly the
result OF and breeding. The COW, In her whd
state gives only enough milk to nourlsh her offspring
for short period and then goes dry the rest OF tne
yesr The prime object of the farmer ia to develop
and mT her milking qualities, aud hence ne snoua
select his cows with reference 10 the amount OF 1000
he has for them. Large animals require ncu anu
luxurant pastures or they loose their fair proportions
and deierorate on stined pourishmept Inc opJscts
Of the daiJ lyman sbould be kept in view In s9leethg
his The animal most profitable tor InlA ualry
NAV be very Improbable for butter or cneese dhry.
The frat cattle imported into NewEngland arrived at
Plymouth in l6e4, and they are described as OF I
variety of eolOrs. These, with the imPSrtaaqns OF
Cant. John Mason, from Denmark into New-damp-
shire In 1881 laid the foundation OF the native stock
of New England and ths stock must be rega ded an an
exceedingly valuable foundation for improvement,
which NAV be effected either by careful and Jud'cous
selections or by crossing with foreign and already
highly improved breeds.
Grades are often more valuable for practical pur-
poses tho farm Il an pure breeds. In breeding IS
important to have specific object in view as Tor peel,
milk or aborthe complete union OF these quaities
being, to considerable extent, mPractlcaos: Great
mixers are rarely very beautiful animals lney SCI
dom have the wellrounded forms of fattening animals,
but are often coarser looking and angular La,
breeding to produce large mixers it especially im'n
portant to select males that come from great mklngl
pors1It seiect tnaJ from great milking
cows-sinee the dairy qualities transmitted more
surely through the male offspring. The most cele-
brated dairy breeds are the Swiss, the Dutch, the
Jersey and the Ayrshire. The Jerseys give the rich
esr milk, and the AyIshires the largest quantity,
in proportion to food consumed and their
size, and very valuable as means
of improving our common or grade stock.
But, whatever breed is selected viii mainly
depend the and management, and especially on
The food. Very little milk out of the bag that
not put into the throat II poor economy TO over
stock the fsrm lie often the the
out of the stall IN Spring IN no condition Tor the prot
bic production of milk The cow should be regarded
an instrument of transformation; a machine for the
manufacture Of milk The food is the raw material,
milk the product-salable, and always in demand
The machine is the capital invested, costing nearly as
much when not running as when running on fun
steam How absurd, therefore. how unbusiness-ike
for the farmer to sacken up the supply of raw mate
rial, by neglect, exposure or otherwi,e to suffer
the machine 10 get out of order, TO yield product
far below its natural capacity.
Regularity Of feeding is next in Importance to a full
supply OF nutritious food and cows thrive better on
good and regular sytem than on larger amount fed
| at irregular intervals.
Cows in milk ought not TO be exposed to cold ia
winter. They require less food and give more milk if
kept housed They ought not 70 be even turned out
TO water in extreme cold days, and they will be
10 fall of in milk il they The loss from neglect
of this precanton often far greater than farmers
| aware Of. The COW should be kept in a sound and
healthy condition by judicous feeding and exercise,
but exposure in extreme cold weather is advisa-
Die. Mont and succuent food increases the quantity
of milk; dry food hay, alone makes thicker quail
iy Food rich in starch, gum, sugar, &C., increases
| the butter in milk.
QHetness also promotes the zee elton of fat and in
the richness OF mix Green grass more nu
ritious and more digestive than hay, which, like a
other coarse and dry food is made nutritious by
| cutting and moistcning or seaming Ali Illuminating
animals require or less bulky food the bulk
rbuting to the healthy activity OF the digestive organs.
The most valuable additions 10 this branch of farming
have been made by the elaborate and successful
perments of AIr. Horsfall, who found that he could |
make much ard as rich butter in Winter as in Sum-
mer His whole course Of management has been re-
published in this country in the appendix 10 the lee
turer's Treatise on Mich Cows and Dairy Farming.
Particular attention called TO the manage nent |
of young hefers and the time when they should be |
allowed TO come iD as well to the care which should
be taten TO prevent any faulty habit constitutional
defect 10 become fixed upon them. Suppose, for
instance, heifer should come in in Winter, in very
cold weather, which would prevent the distension of
the tissues of the skin and be fed dry food which
had little tendency to develop the milk vessels the
organs Of secretion. These organs will adapt them
selves 10 supply small yield of milk and thus a habit
may be fixed upon the animal for life, or which il
might be difficult TO overcome entirely afterward.
Hence, some Of the external signs of good milking
cow are found on animals whose product does not
justify expectations.
young COW with her first and second calf should
be made, by jndieous feeding to give large quantity,
and TO hold OFT well and by constant gentle treat.
mcnt, 10 lie docie and obedient.
certain shepherd. lecturer at a farm-school in
SaX0ny, illustrates his lectures breeding, by pre-
Fentng before hs class sheep Of various breeds and
diverse qualities. 80 far as my information extends,
il has been attempted in this country before to-
day; when Mr. Theodore ). Gold placed on the stage
Cotswod, meTDo, and Southdown The latter
arrived little after tho lecturer had concluded but
was Leen 10y many then present Ii is new, and
most capital idea; and hereafter, he who will lecture
on sheep without the living illustrations ready for
reference, will be behind the sge.
The sheep has been associated with man from the |
time OF Abel aud in some countries now the chief
national wealth. la SaXoBy, not larger than Con- |
nectcut and Rhode leland there are 800 900 sheep;
England and Wales produce 46,000,000; while in tho
whole Territory of the United States we raise only |
sheep countries of Europe farming has perhaps arrived
at s greatest perfection Of Developments crcum- |
stance which should weigh well with our farmers |
whcse poor, hlly lands will barely keep them and
their families above starvation under the present
cropping with Indian and the cereals. 1
The telling property Of wool is due TO the peculiar
rough Or harbcd character a IFS outside which causes
II TO adhere together in MACS, and a wooden garment
shrink aud become thicker when washed 4" Full '
pg IL another name for The same quality; fulled
lgth being the name given to the Article made by
uigeetng wooden cloth 10 the action of water aud
pressure, in machine by aid of the microscope, we
zee that the fiber of wool is covered with multitude
ol lehlhke serrations sawtooth pToeCtions pointing
upward like the leaves shoot The curved form of
ne WOOL hber ayore ita telling, but is to these million
hNihihe hooks that we must look for IN explanation of
ne properly. Now, in the finer grades of wool there
= The gfcatert number of these tenatious hooks In
gwen chg and hence their superiority loI close tex
urea ana line goods. 1hs little xplanation will give Il
,ur FARMER friends AN insight into tie subject of breed
hg ihtep Tor various purposes. The Morino ia .
.oNe an ,le Wool maker OF line quality. Leicester
WOOL r famous in England for combipg or wor-,ed q
nakirg, but IL a third eoarser than Merno Vail - \