Richmond enquirer. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1815-1867, 1860-10-30
Ait9n!on0 En9nlrer.
-,--------"--.---- = :
}Y TYLER, WISE & ALLEGRE.
TUESDAY MORNING, OCTOBER 80.
The slaveLolding iStateS 10 the NOM
sInveholding States, Greetings

,rhc slayeholding States 10 the Nom
sInyeholding States, Greetings
what constitutes State:
Men who their duties know,
Hut know their rghts-and knowing, dare maintain !"
This quotation, though trite, may still be
advertcd to with advantage by such as under
value the rights Of the States embraced in the
American Union, or, more properly speaking
of the American Family of nations.
There is not State in Europe-indeed, not
one in existence more sovereign in its charac-
ter than either Of the States which constitute
the United States of America" except where
in authority is expressly delegated to the Fed
cral Government
In the RIGHTS which each reserved to herself,
she is entitled to exercise the highest power of
sovereignty exercised by independent nations
such as giving laws unto people; institutlng
MAGISTRATES and other officers over them; pun
ishing and pardoning maleiactors, and enjoying
other supremacy
Virginia, in order that there might be no
possible misconcepton of the nature Of the
sovereignty which she retained, took the pre-
caution to state in her form of ratification"
as it was termed, that ",he powers granted un-
der the Constitution, being derived from the peo-
nle of the United States, NAY BE RESUMED By
THEM WHENEVER TlB SANE SHALL RE PERVERTED
to their injury or oppression, and that every
power not granted thereby, remains with them
and at their vii"
The powers delegated by the States to Con-
..rcss, according to the lst Art, Slh section Of
the Constitution were as follows:
"To lay and collect taxes, dutie' imports
and cxcises; to pay the debts and provide for
tho common defence and general welfare Of the
limited States but all duties, imposts and eX-
c;scs shall he uniform throughout the UniteIl
States.
"Tn borrow rnulIoy ON the credit Of the
United States.
"To regulate commerce. with !n"eign nations,
and among the several States, and with the IN
dim tribes
"To establish an uniform rule OF liMuralza-
tion and uniform laws upon The subjects OF
bankruptcics in the United States
"To coin money, regulate the value thereof,
and Of foreign coin, and for the standards of
weights and measures.
40 provide for the punishment Of counter
feiting the securities and current coin OF the
United States.
ITO establish post Offices and post roails;
"To promote the progress OF science and
useful arts, by securing for limited times to
authors and inventors the exclusive right to
their respective writings and discoveries;
$40 constitute tribunals inferior tG the Su-
preme Court;
'To define and punish piracies anc felones
committed on the hig h seas and offences against
the law Of nations;
"To declare war, grant letters of lnnrque
and reprisal, and make rules concerning cap
lures on land and water;
$50 raise and support armies, but no appro-
priation Of money To that use shall be ior
longer term than two years;
'''Io provide and maintain navy;
! 10 mako rnles for the government and reg
ulatlon Of the land and naval forces;
"To provide for calling forth the militia TO
execute the laws of the Union, suppress insur-
rcctions and repcl invasions;
'ro provide for organizing, ,arming and discip-
lining the militia, aud for governing such part
of them as may be employed in the service Of
the United States, reserving to the States re.
spectively, the appointment of the officers, and
the authority of trimming thc militia according
to the discipline prescribed by Congress;
"To exercise exclusive legislation in all cases
whatever over such District (not exceeding ten
miles square, as may by :ession of particular
States, and the acceptance Of Congress, become
the seat Of government Of the United States,
and to exercise like authority over all places
purchased by the consent Of the Legislature of
the State in which the SINE shall be, for the
erection of forts magazines, arScnals, dock
yards and other needful buildings. And,
''ro make all laws whish shall be necessary
and proper for carrying into execution The fore
going powers, and all other powers vested by
this Constitution in the Government of the
United States or in any department or officer
thereof"
The Constitution the, proceeds to impose
obligations upon the General Government and
upon the sovereign States, to the end that mi
grafton or importation ar such persons as any
of those States might think proper to admit,
was not to be prohibited until the year one
thousand eight hundred and eight; that the
privilege of the writ Of Aabeas corpus shall not
Le suspended that no bill Of attainder or cr
pest .Jacto law shall be passed that no capita
ton, or other direct tax shall he laid, unless
in proportion to the census or enumeration
stipulated; that no tax or duty Shall be ia'd
on articles exported from any State; that no
preference shall be given, by any regulation oil
commerce or revenue, 10 the ports OF one State
over those Of another, nor shall vessels bound
TO or from one State be obliged to enter, clear,
or pay duties in another; that no money snail
be drawn from the Treasury butin consequence
of appropriations made by law; that no title
Of nobility slall be granted By the United
States, &C., &C.; that no State shall enter into
any treaty, alliance or confederation, grant
letters of marque and rcprisal, coin money,
emit bills Of credit, make anything but gold
and silver coin n tender in payment OF debts,
pass any bill of attainder, ca post Jaeto law,
or law impairing the obligation Of contracts, or
grant any title Of nobility that no State shall,
without the consent Of the Congress, lay any
imposts or duties on imports or exports, except
what may be absolutely necessary for executing
its inspection laws &C., &c; that no State
shall, without the consent Of Congress, lay
any duty Of tonnage keep troops or ships OIL
war in time Of pence, enter into any agreement
or compact with another State or with for
eign power, or engage in war, unless actually
invaded or in such imminent danger as would
admit Of no delay.
Then come the solemn covenants entered IN
to by the States, one with another, all with
one and one with oil, through the Constitution,
in relation to their inter-sovereign dutes.-
Thus 'full faith and credit" shall be given in
each State to the public acts, records and judi
cial proceedings of every other State; and Con.