Bradford reporter. [volume] (Towanda, Pa.) 1844-1884, 1860-01-19
farmers Department.
Calendar Of Operations fer January, 1860.


the home department receive due attention.
Settle outstanding accounts and as far as prac
ticable start SQUARE with the year. Improve
tine farm on paper Lay drains and build walls
with pen and ink, plant fields with pencil and
raler. Get the whole farm and its future OPP
eratonS 6g heart and thus be ready for the
coming campaign. Then ealarge'good farming
into good neighboring" Start the farmers
club, urge forward neighborhood improvements
better roads, superior school.houses, and what
ever the public need These laborS will fill
the leisure of Winter pleaSurably and with pro-
fit. For other operations the calendar of last
month needs but few additions.
Barns and stables are, should be in part,
factories for working up Summer produce into
stock for the market aud manure for the farm.
Make the most of the raw material Suffer
no waste Cut coarse fodder and mix with
meal, shorts, ect Save liquid manure by using
muck sawdust or other abSoTbents
Breeding Animals.-Keep thriving, but do
not overfeed. Good shelter is humane and
profitable
Cattle if half starved will eat almost anything
but pay for nothing Feed regularly, giving
roots with dry food. Give water at least three
times day. Keep them warm, provide plenty
of bedding Use the card frequently. Break
steers Handle heifers to prepare them for
milking.
Cellars Watch against frost. Cover ex-
posed bins of roots or apples with straw Shut
the cat in at night-ratS will be frightened
away if not caught.
Corn.-Shell for market. First, select the
best for seed, if neglected until now. Grind
and cook that fed to swine
Farmers Clubs should be established in
every school district. Invite your neighborS
to ion Two heads are better than one, and
all the heads in a neigborhood set TO thinking
will bring out much OF, value.
Fencing Stuff-Cut and prepare while the
weather favors. Make gates aud hole, or pin
posts under cover, stormy days
Grain-Secur from dampness expel rats
and mice.
Hemlock and Oak Bark-Market early pre-
pared for the tannery.
Hemp and Flax-Break and prepare for
market.
Hogs-Keep them in comfortable pens
Supply with leaves, straw, dry muck, sawduSt
etc for bedding and manure Clean out the
pens often. Give cooked food, and an occa-
sonal treat of barn sweepings, cut hay, etc. for
a change. Turn in the male for Spring pigs,
if not already done.
Horses.-Treat them as they deserve with
warm, light stables, plenty OF bedding, and a
liberal allowance of grain. Give carrots fire,
quently. Keep well shod and sharpened, and
Elanketed when standing out. Handle and
halter-break colts.
Ice Houses-BuiId above ground convent
cnt to the dwelling, if not provided. Secure
a full supply Of ice. Provide for drainage and
ventilation.
Implemcnts-Repair broken and look for
new. Examine advertisements and catalogues
of dealers Keep woodwork painted, and
coat iron with tallow and rosin to protect from
rust Oil running Of horse powers, tanning
mills, etc
Lumber-Cut surplus forest growth for
boards, posts, ties, cabinet work, etc, if can
not be done in September which is prefera-
Bile Take out old trees and give the young
growth a chance.
Manure. Make it from every source sta
bic, pen prvy, muck-bed, and kitchen-drain.-
IN each Of these are the elements Of grain,
grass, fat cattle and swine, full pockets, and
prosperity.
Marketing produce is conveniently done at
this season Keep an eye on market reports
Sell when paying price is offered. Be care,
fu to have full understanding in making con-
tracts, and do a cash business as far as practi-
cable.
Flowing when the ground admits benefits
heavy soils the frost will crumble them. In,
sccts and noxious weeds will also be destroy
ed
Poultry will pay in marketable currency fol
warm quarters, and good care. Feed witt
cooked grain. potatoes, and refuse meat unit
they sing Allow free access to water. Pro
vide them with gravel, also pounded oyster
shells or lime, and ashes to wallow in.
Roads-Allow none to remain obstructeG
by snow drifts. Keep slucice ways and bridges
in order
Salt stock at least once a week a little
on cut feed will give relish, benefting cattle
and saving fodder.
Sheep-Turn the buck with the ewes KecT
separate from other stock, allowing warm sheds
for shelter. Give few roots daily, aud al
allowance of grain to breeding ewes.
Wood should be secured, cut, and seasoned
under shelter Cut decaying and fallen trees
Provide years supply in advance.
ORCHARD AND NURsERY,-TrceS are now tax
ing their Winter rest and need but little atten
ton except to preserve them from injury by
cattle browsing the tender shoots, or rubbing
and barking the trunks In Southern lati
tudes grounds may be prepared and trees plant
ed out Where immediate effect is desired
large trees may be removed in Winter by dig
ging them up with a large mass of frozen
earth attached and resetting in holes previous
Iy prepared bu: good, permanent growth
can not thus be secured. In a short time sucl
trees lose vitality 1t is better to transplant
younger trees and wait few years.
Keep all standing water from the ground
by surface drains now, and by thorough un
.derdranng as soon as the season will allow