Cleveland morning leader. [volume] (Cleveland [Ohio]) 1854-1865, 1860-02-25

The Nezf Censua--Mouc oA AukihB IT.
The taking Of the eighth census of the
United States will commence this year, and it
is estimated that the population of the United
States will exceed 81 900, ,OOO In comparison
with European countries, the growth of the
United States is remarkable. The increase per
cent. each year in this country since 1880 has
been s II; in Russia 79; in Great Britain 4s;
aud in France O.72. At this rate q century
hence we shall number 500, 900, 600. A writer
on this subject in the Pennsylvania says
"Tho comparative increase Of different parts OF
the United States is an interesting subject. In
1870, in the Mississippi valley there were but
205ss inhabitants in the Atlantic slope,
3,7Os, ll6; in the Gulf slope, east Of the Mis-
sissippi, I9,49l; in the west of the Mississippi
none In 1850, 97,2 per cent. Of the population
was in the Mississippi valley, 54 s in the AT
lantic slope, and 2 3 in the Gulf slope"
The returns of the immigration for the past
ten years give a total of upwards Of 100000
The whites in the United States now number
about 26,5OO,OOO The present number of
slaves is something over 1900. 600, and the
free blacks, distributed nearly equally between
the slave and the free States, about 500. .OOO-
This gives us the total of 81 100000, which
will probably be near the figures soon to be
furnished us.
The following account of the manner of
taking the census, from the Washington Con-
stitution, will be Of interest to many persons :
The duties of this undertaking devolve upon
the United States Msrshals, who appoint their
own assistants. The General Government has
ia each State or Territory one or more Judicial
districts, with each Of which is connected a
marshal, who acts as high sheriff in the Dis
trict Court Of the United States. These mar
shals are required by law to subdiyide their
districts, and for each subdivision to appoint
an assistant, taking care not to include a great
er population (by estimate) than 10000 in any
one subdivision.
The assistants having been qualified by oath
for the proper performance of their duties, are
furnished through their marshals, with blanks
and instructions. In the prosecution of their
work, they are required TO make two copies Of
their report. The original returns are filed with
the clerk of the court Of each county, and the
copies are forwarded to the marshal, who trans
mits one copy to the Secretary Of State for his
district, and the other to the census Office in
Washington. The compensation to the marshal
is in proportion to the population enumerated
by his assistants; should that exceed one milliOn
he is paid one dollar for each one thousand per-
sons enumerated; should the population returnA
ed by his assistants be less than one million, he
receives the sum of one dollar and twenty-five
r.. rnNr. ,a1
a system of compensation sufficiently moderate,
but which may admit ofthe payment Of great.
er amount for lesser service, as in the case of
g marshal whose returns include $4,000 per
sons at one dollar and twenty-five cents Ier
thousand persons, has more than he whose re-
turns do not mach exceed million-an ine-
quality not unusual in rating fees for mileage
and other services.
The assistants who perform the work of emu
meTation are paid on q different principle, com
bining in a novel manner, compensation for
labor and travel-one which was found to op-
crate very fairly and satisfactorily to the
employees and Government. His allowance is
two cents for each person enumerated; for
each farm, ten cents; for each establishment of
productive industry fifteen cents, for social sta,
tisties, two per centum on the amount allowed
for enumerating the population; and two cents
for each mortality return, with ten cents for
travelling expenses, to be asceTteined by multi
plying the square root of the number of DWELL
ings in his district by the square root of the
number of miles in his division; from the pro-
duct whereof is derived the number Of miles
travelled, and eight cents per page for the two
copies. .
Circulars have been issued by the Department
of the Interior to the United States Marshals
relative to taking of the census. The State is
to be divided into districts so that six weeks
labor in each can accomplish the enumeration.
The census takers are to commence on the first
of June.