, 1860-12-28
GEOLOGY OF MICHIGAN.

GE0L0GE OF Nl1L4A49sANs
Lecture delivered BEFORE the Chicago
Acad denny OF Science. OH til ear recent
Visit to Ann Arbor, by Prof. VIM
GAtil. |
fRcported Expressly for the Chicago Thb1no].
On Thursday at o'clock r. u, we were en-
tertaiucd by highly instructive and interest
ing lecture On the Geology Of Michigan, BY
Prof. Ninchell, State Geologist, at the Geologl-
cal Rooms. Tie lecture uas illustrated BY
large map of the State, upon which the differ
ent formations were marked rs they had been
identified.
The Prot. gave short account Of the histo-
r; OF tile Survey from its commencement III
1887 to the rsy1cut time, To DR.. Houyhtou
who had charge of the survey until 18is, when
his death occurred ty drowning while prose-
cutting it, IL due the credit of first calling al
teutlou in a scientific manner to tue rich cop
pcr deposits Of Lake Superior, which resulted
IN The a,pointuaent by tue U. $. government OF
Dr. Jackson to make survey of that region,
which was afterwards flushed and ably report
ed On hy Ncssrs Foster s. Whitney. After
the death Of Dr.. lIoug Lton othing further
WAS d,ne Until the session Of tue Legislature
Of 1857, when petitions were presented tsslns
tic completion Of the survey, but no action
nrss,.st hefarc tho Ieeisiatuyc, and during the
1nat horrs If thn session an net was passed
u1'fc1, cm},raccs a rcolopicat, geological. and
botanical surrey. Prof Ninctell OF the state
University was appointed Gcolosast and to
lake ihc :rencral direction Of tbs work, and
Ilr Nil. : nf Flint. Io.7,orIst. Since then the
survey In; cu progressing; as last IL the liul-
tied appropriation would permit.
Prof. Winchel1 continued By saying TINT the
Lower Peninsula vas covered by a thick de-
nosit of drift ,I.atcrial wh:cl, rca;cr tue iavcs
IL ,on a.t. a. ~ ;1ns are tf, he f;uud val
tile ;t'ta.ast;n,r d.nnsita of lairr date
a'ose y, aAh ,.ots ~ 7,1f TarJ AMI hor iron ore
tS 40 t'ro T. a.ds cf it~nitr ar hTown coal
,.s1s. s.1s 49, eesa to,,nS t~v ~
NJ 9 usii i;ahest str,tun, of rocks observed in
a.. 1ns n!sns1 h.s1 n sandstnuc canning
~ esI ,ncos1,rcs. and is found st Jackson.
W,e.,,;r,a ~ eri ~ This rrnrrally speukiny. is
~ te;,i1'. a. hu;11in@ n1r,oses. hts purely
.;';.;. sl,ar,ctar reT,fcrs II n suita,,le article
ss,uua ~, o1 ~ 80 r,anfcfnrt. of piuss Froln
~ ~ -. ~ ti,c Wnnfyillc Go.l Mines. il
10. 10 .,.;e,nta1 lin lEi.n;,I,, S,ntlxype
# il 1,er. =, fttt thick.
IL ~, ~ ueie - 49,. ,,,,or;o t1,;z s,,5stnne
~ i1's-,,. I.,'4 :; ort.id. nr n, l,ou,,.1ur
ana tne1e "u!es"i' - | va e',,,,r;es. +hn ~reater
iae VI tnc % ~ M nu ',r,t;n. 1,d vI,.. usI,',I..
pol.'uu ~ !. !. m sn,,.r1. miles Rut unc
49, " c.t,,,a T.n.r,liy s,,taLin,r. Of II tect
te..M - - aoo' t,wo::n ,tal IL iGutd II fce
u tn:ss.ess 1tas, - ,1so f,unil C:;,inrI coa]
~ IL thlekuGs9' .:I ',a ~ H,,"1 E,nI irrn nr,.
~, Iii, /: ".,rcral;r present in the coal
,,aesnros 1;s misses i,,io !, l,lack limestone,
measures lM' ,s]'r1"at, ~ 1narh,c NJ nah.
"HeI =, e. s,.1,,rt;or ~ ti.,. s,,ct.nIor aud
Ias W ~ .ss 49, I.,re - ,tnr s.3 ia hr en-.
is', ,asl'' o'~''
ri fnt. coal measures arc lo3 feet thick, and
49,. o,,,1r.ra i1r--e uuau,itics Of IRE clay Of
Iao ~" ,,att unity
'nS pest oa,3c to na,c Init si,ic,ous. sand
~ MI % ~, G,nJstnur ,rich tl,,rty,. lis
,,on,s RON, ,ts .ve,iic,,t exposure near this
n1a"s nls r;n.r tnmsdiately below the coal
measures, Il occupjcs lie r1ac. OF tic Con-
n,eu, .asst. ~ ,ih;n ond prnnsy1yaDj:t hut
,,,.,ii.a = - & ent;reIy destitute Of ,ebblyz,
I,. s ,u,s b.ro Iecn 1onn,l # Il. and Il is lbs
-. +1i;"i-
AsIs .u ,,,;s +. t,,c f,raop;f ,or.x Limts.o3e
r. T., I.ctsnn Eat,,; md Kent ct,,,,,.
~ 49, +i,n ,.1,;Is "r III Nnsk,.-f,n and 4: tie
p;1 Ea,,i,s 4 str;Ecs fh,. klIore Of Sarinaw l,y
n'S hus ta.. ~ s.r,ssr,s tir lar i f;,rns d.
2, itnAs ~ otsa. ;,t.'5.onts she MIN I,,.t
..n;., =, H.. so,tl, s;e If Wild EuyI nv. II
aa'n on the sonan a'ae oa,''tw " ,,ncc yar.i.
ta.',. NJ. ss.m ~ ..,,rrcJ ]1nc t,rou b II =
a. He11,,,d a,i W,shruaty t.o.,n,i,:s a tht
p;e p';a Ts,art;,1 ' II i aI,out G5 Ir, tLick. and
ps1sI ~ ~ nnirE. lime. in n lur.,,
~ 49, ~ - ~ lns rn.t f. assumes rrcat uc..rcr 81
a.1. .,,''.,ai -. ;,,nn,+snce 1t Grand Raids Il
:1a.',,H, Ge"!iuu!it ",,11nrr, H. ,n,idinu. r cm
@ suuse ,..sI rsrr,;s.nnus nni ta,.d-t,nr
osaces ~ -. H.. ~, ,,,,I:,I,,,rsj tnl.r',,,
.tnnt atoui "tl'ra,fic "tI f iimc m
~ H.. Lei rcs.s tlc c,usoou, Grot,n a
nsneasn ~ S,i ,,,est ;,nnorfanf f;,rmn, ion.
st!ata' ~ "a -: Gi @ ra,1;ts II fs7,;shes Nv
OF the otat.
SUN a4.u baIl, s1a ~ T., to ,,rn.x- nsrs "r III,
osi4.eN '.. 80 .:,o,,s c,.vs tTrns,t,us rnarI.
%ap paa;a,, w. aas 1;n,es;ons: II ths I,,wsr ar.
aa nsst.a .1o ,-;rc;r,c ,,,e -
w. & ~ !; ~ Gs, ;hc,. The s',airs If 1he low
cf EostIoh sator o. INC s'oN' ~ 't' ''~o " 'N'
ss,;...a ~ ,,,,,soons and sa1ferous trroun u
.a'aA ~. +: In uho1c f,,tcrv11 hctwre,
S... 1 t.n..;is a,, s.rnatr ,rd r. ID nrohah1,
uatu i.ap1as NV IT, fr,vi j., so,no or III. s.,,ti
.l. anes nl's - 49,. atota .s s,,t snrn.a w.
cln c99atte' ~ w H.. 40 ,rI.;.'1, n.r?s -,
loahd II tncu!' MonE .ui nia.aie ~ -.
pace ol tals !o1oat.''u al .n ~ ~ ,srI,,,,
Inc economical IIalo.taaee " ;ano s.na! ~:
caunot wcu DC ovef rst, POSSESSING 10 ,r;.; au
10 tne l'ttcst ~ peaua 1Au ..s RI. .,r,,,, !;
ycl iunna IN Tue nl'so sla'e'' Luz s'''p =
lt5 lcet thtek: ..,.,,u,,,, =,
IN 1taua tsss nemn ~, -. :, w." .a,S.1s,n.. 49,
found Deus ol snaas, anu .st nlss.t ~ I,o,.lo.
whose oute1op tehas sou'us. s.. :. =, =;
county, ana Wiitii' lro',, .Ae'i Eteue:: u1,e4
opmen u S2lo1eont hn'e ~ 49,, usa *, ,'s
the .'dtaeon "'vur: ~ ,,tt, uooa' rans,,;'.S
I ~
ous amount OF calcareous ccfnen9: a. IN
hotton Is found ID fect OF sna!e. IL con'a!1;
| no fossils, and forms soou pulol1. ull let'ai
anil also ii usca loF srlnustones.
We hayc now uohc Win tAo ts'1oon: RI -, ~
Syssf7n, and yonF attention Is EEK ca!lsa ~
Of different co}ors, which aboEnds IN the II
mains ot marine saei!s, ana Is luaIItsu u
4ultc nnmoe! o1 1'uac1s ~ ~ ~ u!
Central Railroad. They belong to the A7s
tstsa .Syaen, and are called AdTsaaH t.U:l
from the characteristic exposure OF 1osstltlel
Gus members Of the group al Aarshat!, an
arc identical With the Che1'sa:.g Group OF Ny
| York They have been more employed TO
building purposes than auy other in the State
and are supposed 10 belong to the same Gee
logical horizon as tie WaScrly sandstone 9
Ohio. In portions Ut the eta1e "heEe ~
group i found, the connection oetWecn IL
soil and these sandsteues I: st:hlnEly saoWI
In the southern pas1 of the State ths Grou
ends in ! thIn series Of blutsh shay, mic
ceous sandstonrs, which arc un1esla'n ~
grcat thickness Of clays, containing hldnc
Irun Ore. IN the vicinity "i r. ~ bAr4tltt
the Marshall GEoup Il S suseSeaea W ssIIs sa7';
rated from the Superior Group ~ congloli
crate about two feet thick. These a.. snl
: posed to correspond to the aasstones In III
vicinity of Cleveland, and to the Gasdca
slslles and Flagstones Of New YORK; + Hs1 g
they are called the Huron Gro,Ep. which Is @1
. feet thick, and are Identical with me 1o1sf..
Group Of New York The Lake Huron grim
stone quarries are in the lover part Of IT,
group, and furnish quality oi grit seneraIl
I regarded superior TO any other ~ me UNI {
Sistcs for flnc stones. Inc same oeos 1nth.s
thc best free stone lot afchdeelnsa4 pn!poss
tnat ms oeen seen ga ~ anc h,r, a. ~