Worcester daily spy. [volume] (Worcester [Mass.]) 1850-1888, 1860-02-18

The reason why all these kinds of drains
have been stoutly upheld by their users, is,
that any drain, however poor, is far better than
none crops are increased, ulage facilitated,
and the pleased eXperimenter, perhaps not will
ling to look for better method than the one
he has employed, thinks there is nothing in
the world as good Tile drains, then, we are
told, are the best. OF the several kinds of tile
the pipe kind are to be preferred. No tiles are
burned without warpng and unusual shrink.
ing now the ends should be well fitted to-
gether, and no kind but pipe tile can be turned
over to make good fits, one with another, and
still be right side up. This is the objection to
the sole tile, made at Albany and elsewhere,
and largely employed. They must be set sole
down, and if the lot purchased be much warp
ed, strait water course cannot be insured, and
the drain is correspondingly unreliable The
objection to "horse shoe" tile, is, that in a soft
bottom its narrow sides sink so as to render
the drain sometimes useless besides which,
they, having heavy weight to bear upon an
marched bottom, are liable to split lengthwise
through the back; and, further, the stream
OF water spread over flat surface cannot run
so rapidly, and is less able to sweep away OBJ
strucions, as when the same volume is con-
densed into tubular form, narrowed at the bot
TOM Thinking that water could not get into
the close-tited and close-teXtured tiles, many
in Scotland in former times, put a foot or SO
OF small stones over their tile, and soil upon
that. foolish and expensive process this
Tor there Is no trouble to get water into your
insignificant looking drains-it takes care of
that itself; the trouble has been to account for
Its wonderful inpouring through such small
orlilces. Parkes, the great English drainer
says, after experiments, that only 1000 Of the
water gets through the pores of the tile the
balance Is admitted through the joints.
IIsh fur dot l.,1, lit,,l, 6,
wide at the top, inches at the bottom, ami
with an appropriate tool, scoop out little
round trough in which to lay their pipes The
clay is then packed upon them without further
trouble or anxiety as to the result. Drains
well laid last more than fifty years. A half
century is the time counted upon by all the
Land Drainage Companies, at the end of
which the whole amount Of their loan to the
farmer is to be paid in. Water enters tile
drains at bottom, not at top for the same rea-
son that if you pour water into a cask of sand,
with holes made i'll he sides at several nights,
the lowest hole will discharge first, and the top
one last The capacity of pipe tile is in pro-
portion to the squares of their diameter.
Thus, If an inch tile will carry two inches of
water 2 inch will carry inches, a 3-inch 9,
and so on Inch tiles, therefore, although
perhaps large enough to hold all the water
which we would discharge from our fields, are
practically not large enough, for they become
filled at say half way down the slope, and of
course all the ground they pass through after
that might as well have no tiles beneath it. A
Pinch bore is the smallest Judge French would
recommend for general use, and although pre-.
viousy friend to smaller sizes, feel CON
WINGED Of the business Of his arguments, and
shall hereafter recommend and use according
ly. Laterals, as 1 said when describing Mr.
Johnston's place on a former occasion, should
be jointed into the mains pointing do,on stream,
and enter the mains near the top. BY this
plan good fall and unimpeded discharge are
insured. In respect to the minimum of fall
consistent with good function of te-drains
the lecturer said that 1-inch fall in each rod of
length was ample; 3 inches to the 100 feet
was fair proportion, but then the tiles should
be longer and SO on to the end of the calcu.
lation.