New-York daily tribune. [volume] (New-York [N.Y.]) 1842-1866, 1860-09-20

pressed me incoDgrG0u5 material into ono N .s9 ~
+ we b4,auoe one pecpo-one ration I'd lts lss " 70
Sesssd 20 ha the act not OF the Suites, not u SOW
erepn ties but OF the people. ~ says: we, the
peopie of the United States IN order TO form more
perfsc: Union establish justice, insure domestic sal-
a1ity provide for the common defense, pro mote the
general welfare and secure the blessings of liberty %
Ourselves and orr posyeriy, do ordain and establish
this Constitution for the United STATES OF America
TIE powers necessary % effect the several purposes
declared in the Constitution were vested in the govern
ment thus created To deny that the Union huscrsa'ed
was Union of the people for 4" the general welfare"
70 deny what appears upon the sce OF the instrument
To aver that il was mere league or compact between
the States ia TO deny that are R0tioa-s % Gely
the truth on our national fsg-"E pluribu5 unum."
II says that are not nation; that Genital
government is political abstraction, NJ best
special partnership between States a something Oh
paper 10 which each State has linked itself for the
being and from which may separate itself whenever
the strain upon its particular link shall in its judg-
ment be too heavy. II this be 50, the Constitution
formed for the general welfare Of the people, and 10
secure more perfect Union, is failure, and me
Articles of Confederation effective TO form
nation the Constitution ITSELF Bdtths inltrument,
begotten of the united wisdom Of our fathers, and grow
ing out of tee necessities OF the times shows In all us
parts its end and object. In peace and in war III inc
cause which gives Congress power 70 Provde ior uS
common defense and general welfare;" in thai when
gives il power TO establish IAN uniform RUE OF htIu-
radiation; TO make rules and regulations respec
ing its Territories; and in most OF lts o,her paris
toual Government having the right to JUDGE ana acs
for the common comfort of ALL And while It grants
these powers IT subjects it TO the Obligations ana duties
of nation. II we are IN fact u1lted IN sucn wise as
10 form for the purposes expressed in the Constitution
one peope see not bo It can be otherwise that In
this as in every other representative government the
greatest good of the greatest number Or IN osh9r
words, the viii and interests OF the maJority-shal
rule II otherwise, if You govern or frame rules ana
regulations for your Territories 81 minority sha dc
tae ven egsate for part, not for the whole-for the
few not for the many. You leglsllte, IN WORD, ior
sectors and not for the general welfare OF the Union
IL is this right TO lesisate for the general welfare the
voice of majority of the people, expressed through
their representatives in Congress, shall dictate, which
lies at the foundation OF our Government; and the
same right egsate for the Territories is the great
governing principle upon winch the hepuDncah party
rests for It's support
Until comparatively recent period in the history OF
the country, the power Of the Federal Government
over the question Of Slavery in the Territories had not
strict constructonsts of the Constitution raised
question upon this subject. Indeed, although the
doctrine which seemed to limit the powers OF the Fed
eral Government was ever acceptable to the people,
vet il SEEMS always to have been disregarded when 1t
came in conflict with the common welfare. Az the
time of the adoption of the Constitution we mad no
territory except that which wGs held under cession
from the several States and subject to the terms Of such
ces:ion The Constitution strictly, was formed 1or Tue
States not the Territories and our powers OF g)vernn1en5
over such Territories have their source perhaps rather
in the fact of ownership than in press power, dele
gated by the Constitution itself, though that too, N
Of its clauses, is supposed TO grant such poWgT
Mr.. Jetierfop though himself doubling, ii not ab-
solutely disbeleying, the existence OF the power
10 acquire territory, yet bought Louisiana IN
1903 the very territories ont Of which oar troubles
conc. o. be iuadgurated the embargo, system
tbar which none other could have borne unequay
mon the different sections Of the country. IL annh
lated the industry of New-England and destroyed the
entire shipping interest," Of the country. Gen. Jackson
in his celebrated proclamation against the nuisrs Of
South Cerolr In 1889, toll them, "bis is Govern
nent in which all the people are represented, winch
ouera;es directly on the people individually, end not
upon the St9ts;" and he claimed for the Government
the tight TO exercise stronger powers than had ever
been exercised by any preceding Adninlstraton' 1ne
Government, on every change OF administration, mas
unifOrnly acted UPON the assumption that we were
nation and thai what for the interest OF maj oriy
within the scope Of our constitutional power, was Inc
sound Iunon conservative policy Of the country Thus,
for the " general welfare, we bought territory and
paid for it from the common fund. Fot the general
welfare fought for territory, and paid for 1t by on
common blood. In all these acquisitions have know WI
ono North, South, no East 10 West" SO, too,
after It's acquisition, for sixty years. and through the
organization Of thirteen different Territories, this
power Of the Federal Government to control the
question of Slavery IN the Territories was not os-
puted The act erecting Louisiana into two Terri.
tories passed March % 1904, and signed by Mr.. JEFF
fersoD in its tenth section takes control Of this very
question. Il excludes in words from that slave
Territory all slaves imported since tue LIST OF May
1885 or that may, hereafter a. any time be imported;
and the came section excludes from the Territory all
slaves whatever, unless owned by actual settler in
the Territory, who is himself citizen OF the Ulted
States L. excluded in eject large portions OF The slave
property of the cCuNiry from the Territory. Slowing
that at that early day. while the framers OF the Cn
stiuti)n mCsJ of them, were YET living ana 10 puO
lie lfe and while Mr.. Jefferson was at the head Of
he Government. this modern notion that Congress lad
no mower 20 control Slavery N the Territories did not
aNfst Rut the cOuutrV advanced a.d uODDi ItlDu
increased the North strength and the Sonth
felt IFS weakness nsw views were at ld7' pres ented
vnat property which grew out of the steady industry
of : hardy people, Struggling IL the spltt OF compe-
titiOE with each other, aud not aborng for master,
was attributed not 10 its Obvious aud natural cause,
bot 10 what aleges 70 be the unequal and partial
legislation CT the Federal Government. biz Calhoun
nf whom deeire 10 speak with all respect) then be-
came the founder, not of new school in political
philosophy not Of great system or party, but OF
Ct, political sect, based upo1 one idea; end that
was tie interest and perpetuation in this country Of
the system Of Negro slavery. As his object was 10
account for a weakness Inherent IL the South from the
nature of their institutions by assigning cause out
side Of themselves he had with hin willing stsa
err and ready followers. His faaGes grew as his fol-
lowers increased; and South Carolina claimed for
herse 20 he Of a system of confederate States and
not a fractional part Of q nation. AZ sovereign she
srrogaed 10 herself the right TO Judge in the last resort
of the cbligaors of Federal Law, ADD, like any other
sovereign, 70 nullfy its provisions when sie might
deem them oppressive, az variance with the Co1stl
uion In the prosecution of this heTesy, che further
assumed for herself the night of SeceSsioa from VII
she chose consider not union OF the people under
one Government, but mere compact or elgue BE-
tween sovereign States. tbs essunpuJn that each
Safe may oJk TO what il may flUcy to be Its own in
terests thou n The interests ana wishes OF great ma
ority of the peOple Of the country are Otherwise sye
The dangerous dogma Of class o. Southern politicians
Mr Calhoun was its father II sacrifices the greater
the less,he whole to parta1d is the found son d.
recy or indirectly Of all those pestiIent theories and
rretenfions which, revamped by smaller men, have 10
many shares and ways vexed the coantry during and
sn L. titrn Smith Carnllna % hive besn tie