New-York daily tribune. [volume] (New-York [N.Y.]) 1842-1866, 1860-02-11
THE YALE AGRICULTURAL LECTURES.
EIGHTH DAY.

NRW-HAVEN, Feb. ., ionO. 7
Surely no one Is better able 70 give available lecture
mon nursery management than the owner Of the
largest nprsery in the WordDo one more capable Of
dseourpQ upon horticulture than the exedor OF Ihe
H0rt,cutryist What wonder, then, if Mr. r BarTy's
lso,,,o ,b;s afternoon lbould have drawn large
andi,nee. and gwen satisfaction. II u this feature,
think that siyes Prof Porters Yale discourse great
vaue that bs takers are workers. his expounders OF
theory eminent in practical experience. To have sich
on Insects Barry on Nurseries, johnson on eus1y'
and Grant Oh Grapes, Is lie having MOI on 21leein
Palmer Oh Sculpture, Church on PafnItng huu Ut0oy
on Journalism. And und you can convince me tnAI
Paul POtlers bull is OF more importance 10 Tue na.1
than Samuel 1hornes Grand DnBe, Medge~oou
pottery than the Tongber sort which OLD Mr. SonsN'p
buries underground ID LIST think that our agr'entu1
lights shine with more useful bri0iancy than would
those at the supposed Convention OF ga ANS ana
Mr. Barry commenced by saying that, although tns
subject OF Dunery management might be deemed no.
generally Interesting since Il was calling by ltSel',
vet every one who intended rearing an orchard or
even few trees upon hw farm should know enough
Of the mode Of managing trees TO rear what lew ne
might need TO supply DEFICIENCIES which might arise
from death or other accidental canses, az any rate
70 give 10 hs gro sing orchard plantation such good
care as would make II most profitable. Twenty years
ago. tw or three small nurseries IN the neghbofhood
of each Of our large cities, occupying IN AL not more
than five hundred acres, and few other smal apple
of the United States and the Canadas. Now we have
over one thousand nnrreries and In Monroe County
NJ Y alone where be resides there are three or Tour
thousand acres producing annually $OO OO worth OF
trees In the whole Union there are annually sold
fifteen 10 twenty millions trees, for, say $lOOO wv
Hi, subject ne would treat under the several heads OF
locality SOIL arrangement, prep ration OF the grouna,
propagation Of stocks, grating treatment OF trees IN
The nurtery, and digging mp. a commercial nursery
should be located near large city, 'own, OF Village,
both for the facility of gett ny supply OF labor man
ure in abundance, Implements, posi-olce, and ran,
road or other transportation and preference shou
always be given fertile and prosperous agrleul-
tural region, for e5gicus reasOns n,
SurJace-Tbe surface Of nursery-ground should
be nearly level if slopng, the slope genie ana nearly
uniform not only for The convenience OF working ana
paniinp in sFas ht lines but because billy GROUND Is
20 washed in rains as TO 90 great damage Shsiter-
There ehould be- If possible, some natdTal shelter
high ground woodland, or oehards TO break the iorGe
of winds in Winter and Spring. IL these natuTal shell
tiers cannot be had plant parallel belts OF rapidSrow
ing trees, such spruce or larch, IN the form oi
hedge.rows at a distance OF ZOO OF JgO leet apart,
all over the grounds. Soil should be dry ana deep,
neither too light nor heavy. LRht sandy 70 IL require
heavy and frequent manurng, and produce weak
trees; and retehtve clays give too little hbroVs FOOT
20 trees ripen them badly, make transplannng dln-
cult and good removal almost Impossible stony soIs
mpeoe the progress of tools and are in every way oo
jertionable. On dry Soils naturally drainec, trees
mature their wood we'll and are therefore hardy when
transplanted. The coarse grained, rank, Watery
soil, freeze 10 Iue gTOuEl IN
Temperature that would not affect those grown on
ore favorable grounds il being the huid an not the
solid pa1ts of plant, which acted upon Dy tr0sts
A nursery needs much more thorough drainage than
ordinary farm fields The drains should DC never more
than two rods apart, and better ~ be lad ut
depth of % feet In stiff, retenhve clay bottom,
thew should be only 20 feetapart-tayiRg out e Mar
sery. Divide and subdigde yonr land into plots ana
compartments Tor the various articles which are 70 20
grown ass ming special places to seedlings, stocks %
DC worked cuttings, layers and specimen trees ms
latter plot ID very esseutia to tue proper management
of the nursery and the comfort OF visitors. In TINS
specimen plos should be gToTn one or two sam
ples OF every tree in cultivation IN tho mar
sery the better TO test their genuineness, goal
iiy and constitution. place should also be
given 70 manuros and compossi and turougn the
whole nufsrry broad roa should be male 40 as 70
make every partaecessibe. Preparation Of Ground.
An old pastuFe clover Geld, "a best for nursery
ground for the inverted sod gives ust the right food
Tor Young trees. broadcast, light dressing OF we'll
rooted manure or compost should be applied before
blowing. Plow very deeply, and subsol 10 or Is
inches If possible. This roofs your tross well lets sur
face water run down, and lower moisture draw up,
and IN fact IL every way requisite Pr0pdgdtioR.-
Our cultivated cites OF trees cannot DO props
gated by seeds. The particular quiihies
which constitute their chief value are the
result of bybIidization, Of cultivat )nqu Alties
" bieh ara not trarsmissible in the seed. True, we
msy chance 1pon better varieties by sowing tue SEED
bnt there are thousand chances against such good
fortune; ana hence We resort 10 grating, budding,
cuttings. LAYERS. and suckers Without good stocks
we can neither bud graft although our soil, situa
ton and cultivation may have been ever 80 good
Formerly, wild, self.sOwn seedlings from the WOOD
and orchards thought good enough for the nurse
rymans purposes, and even poor suckers from the
roots OF trees used. Experience has taught u.
better practice than this, and now the produ;tlon OF
good stocks is the first eat aim Of intelligent cultiva-
tors The apple, pear, plum Cherry, peach, apricot
and neclarine stock, are grown from seed; but the
dwarf apple and dwarf pear Douein, Paradise ami
Ounce sioeks, are got by layeriDg. We have thus
far been able 10 gov cherry aud common apple stock
in sufficient quantity for ou use, but compelled 70
impoft pear anc plum seedlings for the dwarf pear ap
pie, and cherry The most important OF all these Is
that for the dwarf pear, which have TO import, be-
cause in this country il is attacked by fungus or
blight which destroys il at tender age. Although no
absolute remedy is likely 10 be hit upon, very
thin sowing of seed on deep, dry, fresh
coil peyer before occupied by trees, and
uDremittng and good cultivation during the early
stages of growth act in some wise as preventives
against the malady. Oar nursery men now grow on
one acre as many trees should rightfnlly be as
gI ed 10 five, aud the retult is, growth Of weak,
gpin Hing trees WegTown pear and apple stocks
snoud be always ready for the nursery rows az one
year old II they not, another year occupancy Of
The same place Apple stocks may, perhaps, re n1n
two years in place. but pears must be transpsnted
The leeturer then described the stocks in common
use for grating, dwelling for moment to
sketch the difficulties which attended the in
PRODUCTION of the ounce stock for dwarf pears into
Tbs country Experience has established the fact that
the two French ounces, he Anger and Paris or fon-
teDay are best Tor pear grating The former is most
vigorous, end of rapid growth when young the latter
more hardy. Some pears succeed beet on one, some
on the other. Stocks are good when 70 Of an inch
IN diameter and can be obtained from cuttings, layers,
ar by the ,ngup practice. To obtain strong stocks
plant certain number Of stool or mother plants,
IN deep, rich, well-prepsred soil; when they have
stood one season, cut them all of close 10 the
ground. The next season they will pro-
dure strong smooth shoots which the following