East Saginaw courier. (East Saginaw, Mich.) 1859-18??, 1860-02-09

and the existence of the States.
Now, sir, hope to be able to demon
strate that there is no wrong in this Union
for which the constitution of the United
States has not provided o remedy.
believe, and hope shall be able to
maintain, that a remedy is furnished for
any wrong which can be pcrpetratcd
within the Union, If the Federal govern
ment performs it's whole duty. i think
it is clear, ON careful examination of
the constitution, that the power is con-
ferred upon Congress, first, to provide
for repelling invasion from foreign coun.
tries and, secondly, to protect each State
of this Union against invasion from any
other State, Territory or place within the
jurisdiction Of the United States. / will
first turn your attention, sir, to the pow
er conferred upon Congress to protect
the United including States,
Territories, and the District Of Columbia;
including every inch of ground within
our limits and jurisdiction-against for
eign invasion In the eighth section of
the first article of the constitution you
find that Congress has power
"To raise and support armies; to pro-
vide and maintain a navy; to make rules
for the government and regulation of
land naval forces; to provide for calling
forth the militia to execute the laws of the
Union, suppress instructions, and repel
invasons."
These various clauses confer upon Con
gress power to use the whole military
force of the country for the purposes
specified in the constitution. They shall
provide for the execution of the laws of
the Union; and secondly, suppress in
surrections. The instructions there re-
ferred to are instructions against the
authority of the United States-insur-
rections against State authority being
provided for in subsequent section, in
which the United States cannot inter
fcre, except upon the application of the
State authorities. The invasion which
is to be rcpelled by this clause of the con-
sttution is an invasion of the United
States. The language is, Congress shall
have power to "repel invasions." That
gives the authority to repel the invasion,
no matter whether the enemy shall land
within the limits of Virginia, within the
District of Columbia, within the Terri
tory of New Mexico, or anywhere else
within the jurisdiction of the United
States. The power to protect every por-
tion of the country against invasion from
foreign nations having thus been spcci-
hcally conferred, the trainers of the con-
sttution then proceeded to make guar
antees for the protection of the several
States by Federal authority. will read
the fourth section of the fourth article of
the constitution:
"The United States shall guarantee to
every State in this Union republican
form of government, and shall protect
each of them against invasion and, on
application of the Legislature, or Of the
Executive (when the Legislature cannot
be convened, against domestic violence"
, That clause contains three distinct
guarantees: first, the United States shall
guaranty to every State in this Union a
republican form of government second,
the United States shall protect each of
liitll against lhNdSiOb, tHilu, tHN NHlttNt
States shall, on application of the Legis-
lature, or of the Executive when the
Legislature cannot be convened, protect
them against domestic violence. Now
sir, submit to you whether it is not
clear, from the very language of the con
, stitution, that that clause was inserted for
the purpose of making it the duty of the
i EaIaral N nrnfarf aaoh nf
the States against invasion from any 9th
I er State, Territory or place within the
u jurisdiction of the United States. For
,lwhat other purpose was that clause in
, serted? The power and duty of protec.
tion as against foreign nations had al
: lready been provided for. This clausc
,ccurs where there is guarantee from
he United States to each State, for the
Ibencfit of each State, for the protection
)f each State and necessarily from other
States, insamuch as had been given pre-.
viously as against foreign nations.
If any further authority is necessary is
to show that such is the true construc.
tion of the constitution, it may be found
in the forty-third number of the Federdl.
ist,written by James Madison. Mr.. Madi.
son quotes the clause Of the constitution
! which / have read, giving these three
! guarantees; and, after discussing the one
l. guarantying to each State republican
form of government, proceeds to consider
/, the second, which makes it the duty Of
the United States to protect each of tho
: States against invasion. Here is what
Mr.. Madison says upon that subject:
i "A protection against invasion is due
0 from every society to the parts composing
f it. The latitude of the expression her,
used seems to secure each State not only
e against foreign hostility, but against am
$ bilious or vindictive enterprises of it
g more powerful neighbors. The histor,
!. both of ancient and modern confcderacie
r proves that the weaker members of tn,
o Union ought not to be insensible to tn,
o policy of this article"
G This number of the Tedcralist, like al
n the others of that celebrated work, wa
II written after the constitution was made
e and before it was ratified by the States
y and with view to securing its ratifica
J, tion; hence the people of the severa
It States, when they ratified this instrument
=, | lua,, tbat tb,s ,lou,a wao infouIo1 4.