Vermont phÅ“nix. [volume] (Brattleboro, Vt.) 1834-1955, 1860-04-07
SPEECH OF HON. J. C0LLAMER, OF YER
MONT, ON SLAVERY IN THE TERRI
TORIES.



the following resolutions, submitted by Mr. Brown
on the 18th of January:
Resolred, That the Territories arc the common
property Of all the States, and that it is the privilege
of the citizens of all the States to go into the Terrific
ries with every Kind description of property recOg
nzed by the Constitution Of the Cnited States and
held under the laws Of any of the States, and that
is the constitutional duty Of the law-making power,
wherever lodged, and by whomsocvcr exercised,
whether by the Congress or the Territorial Legislature,
to enact such laws may be found necessary for the
adequate and sufficient protection Of such property.
Rtsolrcd, That the Committee on Territories be in
structed to insert in any bill they may report for the
organization of the Territories, clause declaring 1t
to be the duty Of the Territorial Legislature to cunct
adequate and sufficient laws for the protection of all
kinds of property, above described, within the linz
its Of the Territory and that, upon its failure reus-
al to do So 1t is the admitted duty of Congress 10 in
terpose and pass such laws.
The question is on the amendment of Mr. Wilkin-
son, to strike out all after the word "resolyed,'
where it first occurs, and insert the following:
That the Territories are the common property Of the
people of the United States; that Congress ns full
power and authority to pass all laws necessary and
proper for the government Of such Territories; and
tUt in the exercise of such power it is the duty Of
Congress to eg,lae ia relation to slavery therein
that the interests o free labor may be encouraged and
protected in such Territories.
Rcsoired, That the Committee on Territories be in
structed TO insert in any bill they may report for the
organization of new Territories clause declaring that
there shall be neither slavery involuntary servi
tudc in such Territories except in punishment for
crime whereof the party has been duly convicted.
Mr. CoLLAMER. Mr. President, the resolutions
under consideration relate to the condition of slav
cry in the Territories, and propose to provide leg
slation in relation to that subject especially leps
lation to protect and preserve it there The dis
cussion on this subject, as it wos begun and has
gone on in the Senate during the progress in this
session, has taken very wide range | have no
fault to find with that; but it seems TO me, after
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other regions Of The worIj IN rejatnn 10 andIorn m
ond ,onent Io,l onl ,.oesoi aa,r;o;a ,,,l rIal;o,
W '' W "N '"''i, P" '.'" '
master anu sia.e' were en'iie'y 10 oc oo'era'eu.
anu all the notions which had prevailed, too, OF
primogeniture and of entail, and everything that
was calculated to perpetuate those distinctions in
society, were to be done away with. In short they
proposed. and the idea they entertained was 10 en-
r. r. - - - - ', w. -. - e.I - -,
of republican Government: that every man should
own the land he eultiyates and every man should
cultivate the land he owns: that there should be
none TO rule and none To serve: that every man
should serve himself nnd then he of course would
have n faithful servant
| That system is not merely ideal II nracticallv
prevails through the large body of the free States
NOT so much in the cities NOT so entirely in the
more densely ponulated rerions: but such is the
actual condition of the landholdinr mart of the
nconle of the free States will not snend timo 70
elaborate tbis svstem onv more do not nro,o.c
now. or at anv other time in the course Of nv re-
marks to sav ANYTHING ,o commend il po,,icnIorlv
! IN tbe occentonce Of Snv one I sinnlv wish to
state il and breav IN Jcscribc II and there rest in
relation 10 that.
| The other condition of societv. existin- in the
sloveboldinq States Of tbis Tuicn | wouid rather
cite ms described bv another than undertake to do
il myself Nr Coiboun in 1897 said.
CHI. :; .I c,,,,i, o,a ,,.,, ,Ia. :. ,,.,..,.,
WA. mord and noiiticnl evil That oIIy and dcns61
are gone We see il now in h true ght and regard
it as most safe and stable ba,, for free institutions
in the world. The southern States are an
aggregate in fact, of communities, not of individuals.
Every plantation Is little community WIN me mas,
!e. ~ It's liead, Wi2 roGentraes IN i1ei te united
,m"n ronrnseni,tive rhe small conmmri,i ic. ,,ore.
gnteJ mike the state in o rhase nr,i"n' iahor ond
capital are equally and perfectly harmon
lied"
am not about to make any remarks in relation
to the question of whether this is desirable or uu-
desirable condition. simply desire briefly to elab-
orate little what Mr. Calhoun here SAYS of it
From these remarks. two things are quite Obvious.
In the first nacc il is obvious that is an aristocra
cy. lie saws that these communities, of which the
master or owner is the head, aggregated, make the
State and the owner is the representative Of these
separate communities. That meets my idea Of
nothing more nor less than an aristocracy. | do
mot cav that +bis condition of tbings Is censurnble