The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1860-01-09


IL would certainly have been very desirable if what
has sIen from the reaction OF the national sentiment so
i0pg oppressed could be reestahished under the
guarantee OF reforms which bad been promised Ia Civ
g her aid thereto. France acting up TO her policy OF
moderation; but in doing more, by turning nos against
the Italian people those vctoross bAyousts which six
months ago protected Il against Austria, she would be
acting contrary To all her principles No man or common
sense would give her such advice.
TX
But France carnot Intervene, lei her allow Austria
TO have her way This Ia what the partisAns Of foreign
Intervention ia Italy say, AID should nc hare run uc
y o. sreat var Pa,n.d fotv votortss Lost $1,000
spent 300 nations and shaken Eeps, las Arsia mi9 on
He OF peace hc Peninsula the domination
she tzrctsod the Of h.r dseatS Magenta and Sol
ferno should be simply trophies OF con.emporaaeous his
ty Should soldiers have shed their blood for vain
goryY French herosm he stsrlef No. mol French policy
does not hasIor such neorssercs and degradatioss.
The donnird.ion Of Inst'se IN Aaiy u aas end Tasf,
Yco, For Austria u return TO florence, to Parma
10 Bologna would be necessary to admit that was
esty aud common sense She does not pretend
Il, and those who in France make the pretence
for her forget At the same time what our prin.
ciples impose upon US, and what our honor pro.
bbis Our principles bid Us leave italy TO herself
and respect the sovereignty We have restored 10 her,
the condition tina, she win know how % concia.e it's
rights with the equilibrium Of Europe. Our honor pro.
hbA US from recognising the right OF Austria TO armed
Intervention, which we do not Admit for ourselves
France, then, cSnna intervene for tie establishment Of
The temporal po,rr Of the Pop IN the Ro~agna and she
carn aow Austria 10 hare recosrs 10 orce TO compel the
populations when SIC rejects It's employment N her o~n
account
Rneithcr France nor Austria interviews, whose arm
Is tnat viii bring back the Romagna under the Papai
sway9 Would IL be that Of Italian Powers There
IS but enc power = which sue. .a ,A ~ might apper
the Two sicilies Is laboring under deep set move.
menl In the public mind, which does not allow It's
hss neea ali rs forces to meet nsers al boe and
by provoking q struggle II would incur the risk OF a
revelation 1t would be the greatest act OF imprudence
10 the prejudice Of The Holy See II all the elements or
revolutionary combustion in the Peninsula have hitherto
been kept UNDER must be attributed the passive at
tude OF the different factions the hostile contact Of which
would produce the spark that would set all Italy ia
blaze. Opposed to the King Of Naples the champion of
absoluism would stand the King OF Piedmont, the sup
porter Of the liberty OF peoples Civil would have to
decide and anarchy would fatally be the last word
disastrous an attempt
TIE armed irtrptnio Of Naples noua produce noshing
TIT aisassrs If ii 1rere possib Ba Is mol possible for
Il would BE- manifest rioatioa q he nsssraly imposed
oil he Italian STATS In fact il the Neapolitan army
tered the States Of the Church. nothing could prevent the
Fedmoatese army from occupying Parma aud Tuscany.
terna,ona rules; would be- moreover, revolt against
the jurisdiction Of Europe, whose duty II Is, while re-
srec,ug the right OF sovereignes; to watch the
general order which concerns the safety OF equilibrium
There is only Intervention that can Js regular, eca
eos ond lg,iima'ea s thai Of e wa'e Of Europe unit,d
a Congress 10 decide all the questions that affect tie modt
tfcdtions of territory orths rerision Of treaties.
The conpetehce OF European Congress established
Dy principles O LAW for Tue laws tu1l
bind the people OF different nations as well as those
which obligatory the citizens Of the same State 1t
is the twood conservation Of public interest and general
assent that constitutes conventional right Practice Is In
accordance with the theory, and we know from history
that States have been formed, aggrandzed modified, and
transformed In virtue of treaties.
It the treaties OF 1915 that determined the political
existence Italy and its territorial divisions.
The cesson OF Lombardy to France who again coded II
10 Sardinia special act OF the will OF Austria, which
did not seci the organization OF the independent States
oltay they constituted at the Congress Vienna.
to the Jurisdiction that regulated tbem-that is
ISIS an ''s VINO were P'1s' 70 the Of
This what has been done by the reservation inserted
in the 10Th article Of the treaty of 2s.ch the immediate
consequences OF which is the appeal TO European Con-
gress that will meet on the 5th OF January.
The Congress Of Parts has ful pocr 70 alter oaat
ssed ~ tae Congress Of Tisnaa E1repe combined at
oitired Of Paris lseo, may decline otsloiss regard
TO IL
And let II be Observed the last decision should be
contrary TO that OF 1916 would not bear the cha
as the dst In 1916 the Powers disposed OF the
people Of Romagna 1850, Y they not placed under
the authority Of the Pope, the Powers OF Europe only
formally record a fat oooon,pli. H..
The competence Of the Congress then, cannot be dis
peted Tor we're now asnsd 70 b. eopsa v you'd
majority which were representatives OF great schis
matte Powers bad no rgh. to dispose Of the territory of
Romagna and Its population In favor of tie Pope.
IT may be said, perhaps that the terr'ory OF the Pope
is ndivsbie this is an error, contradcted by history.
There exists territory that has undergone changes
aud vicssiudcs than the parimopy Of ST. Peter Given
by Pepu to Pope Stephen IL ii reverted again 10 tho
Empire was con,ended for BY the rivaIolaiman,s and
XII 1t the same with the Legations, which, after
many struggles were only annexed TO the Roman States
by Louis De Gonzaga Finally in 1906, Pope Plus VI,
seped at Toenino treaty that ceied TO France In per
petuy for him and his SUCCESSORS Bologna. Ferrara aud
the Ronasna The Pope equally renoanced any rights be
might have possessed the cities and territories Ayig
nor, aud the venassin corte that forms the depart
ment OF Vaucluse
In fact 1891 avgnon which had rebeled agairstth
Popes Legaie demanded to be united to France and an
act Of the Constituent Assembly effected this annexation
which was only recognized by the Pope in the treaty Of
Now, either the territory OF the church. as some main.
TAIN inaenabie and indy sable patrmony that may
rot be touchedn which case the sovereignty over the
department ofTaucuse ought to be restored 10 the Pope
or else this territory is like all others, liable to changes
and then is permitted TO pous, but independent minds
10 discuss lis more or less OF extent II Is we'll known
that nothing copes Pope to cede H. and is before the
most redouoahe force that his weakness Is most nvinci
Ole, when It mas right for its protection.
The territory Of the Papal States, therefore, is no more
iraivsbe han lis extent s nvariable. Like all posses.
sons tbs ono IL subjected 10 the influence OF events is
extended or dimnishedS riding its interests and
the general necessities OF policy impose changes upon it,
nthis respect nothing Is exempted Only the spiritual
authority Of the Pope immutable ike the truths II
presents aud the doctrines teaches As to the temporal
authority siee to the other Il, by superior principle,
necessarily remains subjected 70 all the conditions OF hu-
man things To endow with divinity that which Is only
human woud be 70 lower the power that Is Divine, and
give the character OF eternity to institutions as muabe
and uctuang as the accidents the Changes and the pro-
All the reasons that brought forward mpeach the
competence OF the Congress and fetter its freedom OF
action are therefore vaueess Europe, Diica in 1915
could sacrifice Hay, in 1860 emon1pd and sars her
The right Of acting the same the only question
better application.
As to the special objection that the majority OF the great
Powers being schsmac they are by the fact alone
dered incompetent deprive the Pope Of of his pro-
vnces we reply, since these Powers In 1915 gave
them TO the Pope they have certainly the right 70
slider whether they can or can not leave them in his
session in $780,
What Is to be done in the actual position o, affairs to
concilate interests that appear irreconc.lables
Two extreme parties are opposed 70 each other--onc
wishes to deprive the Pope Of everything the other to
give him ALL They two hypothesis equally nAdnis
sibe and BOTH though radically contrary 70 each other
would have the tame result for the Papacy.
We believe there another course that may he taken
First, wh that tie Congress should recognise
sen;al principle Euoraan order, the necessity of The
TEMPORAL power Of the Pope Tcf for TIE CHEF point.
The principle here appears TO rs 10 have value than
the territorial possession, more less extensive, that
xii be it natural consequence As for this territory
ITSELF the city OF Rome Includes I'LL that is most important
it; the rest is only secondary. Pie city Of Rome and TIE
pofrirlory IF st. Pr must b guaranteed to the Sowrsgs
PctT By the great Powes, tUh considerable rersaus,
fhot he Cathode &ates sru pay as tribute Of respect and