The Nevada journal., 1860-01-06

nuu enDlONmPni IuF luiS uuiOI Nits'St
much good might be effected. Such an associa-
tion, bv opening a correspondence with the
mining and agricultural counties, could De eA-
tensively useful in accomplishing this object. /
The State, by placing small amount IN 'ne
hands Of such an organization, wouiu not ohiyy
contribute To the reformation of the criminal, /
but save thousands of dollars TO the treasury.
II is far better las mere question OF ECONOMY
TO appropriate a small sum to and IN gettlng |
them employment than to expend thous anos IN |
conyicting them again and supporting them in |
prison. n have spoken of the city OF San fran |
cisco alone because. of the situation OF the |
prison nearly all the discharged conviets go
directly to that city.
Rut | now dismiss this subject by again
urging the necessity of making immediate pro- |
vision for a branch prison at Folsom, or some
other point which may be agreed upon me
views of the present Executive may be found IN
the last annual report OF the state PRISON Direc-
tors to which YOU are respectfully referred
EXECUTION OF THE LAW.
Our criminal laws have generally been exc
cuted during the past year. 1t IS true that IN
stances have occurred where men have Deen oe-
prived of their lives without due process OF law,
but these have been rare compared WIN pas'
years Indeed, acts of this character nave pc
come somewhat frequent in other ana oiaer
communities and we would not, perhaps, suner
bv a comparison with some OF our sister states;
These things bode no good TO the hepuDhc. IL
the people have sufficient intelligence 10 carry
ON a Government founded upon their VIII, they
ought TO have stability and patriotism enough
10 see that the forms of the law are always COM
piled with BY taking our criminal laws out OF
The hands of the Courts, we strike the heaviest
blow which can be struck at free institutions
There can be no security where an excited pop
ulaee is permitted to execute the laws. Ii Is to
be hoped than an enlightened public sentiment
will correct this evil here as well as elsewhere
In connection with this subject, allow me TO
call your attention To the large number OF homl-
cides committed during the past year IN this
State The reason may be found IN the tact that
considerable number of our people are IN the
habit of carrying deadly weapons, ana whefe
quarrel ensues between two nelghbors one or
the other falls As under the Constitution, the
people have a right TO bear arms, this evil Is
beyond the reach of legislation. 1t Is folly 70
cuInber the statute book with laws wmch cannot
be executed and, therefore, public opinion alone
must furnish the remedy. So, too, in regard to
dueling; many valuable lives have been sacrl-
feed in this State under what Il think has been
niscalled the - code of honor" SO long, how
ever, as the majority of the community sanction
a resort TO this mode of settling difficulties, so
long they will continue to occur. The press has
much to do with the formation OF pubhe OPINION,
and | deeply regret that this influence mas not
always been exercised to correct TINS e'll: ii
gentlemen who adjust their difficulties without
a resort TO arms taunted with cowaroice, 1t
cannot be expected that duels Will not be iought.
II requires indeed, high degree OF moral cour-
age to refuse to recognize code which major
ifY of the community have sanctioned Inc law
prohibiting dueling has not been enforced, ana
therefore remains dead letter upon the statute
book.
NATURALIZATION.
MANY of our naturalized citizens, in visiting
the country of their birth, have been called upon
TO perform military service to the sovereign
whose allegiance they had renOunced.
Several cases in which this claim has been as
serted are of such recent occurrence ana are So
familiar to our people as not to require state
- l..,a- =
California numbers among her adopted citizens
many whose business or family relations may
require their return to their native land, some
measures ON the part of the Federal Government
are necessary to insure abroad their proper pro
lection Our treaties with various foreign pow
ers abroad made for the purpose OF extending
friendly and commercial relations, provide tnat
our citizens shall enjoy certain privileges Tor the
pursuit of their business; and IN those treates
She contracting Government makes no r'ssrgd-
fioD or ,re,Dtton respecting the subjects who
NAV have become citizens under our laws. FOR
eisn Governments are well aware OF our pohcy
in respect TO naturalization. 1t dates from the
first davs of our Independence; hence, the
treaties made with us must protect all our citi-
szeus who can substantiate their claim to the
title 1t we allowed foreign Governments TO
discriminate on any pretext Whatever oetseeu
native and naturalized citizens, we depart from
the spirit Of our Constitution, and fali to per-
form our Just obligations TO those whom we
have solemnly promised to protect, The ma
lions with which we have treaties OF frlendship
and commerce reap immense advantage from
their intercourse with us, and they even pfont
by the privilege of their subjects becoming nat
uTalized among MS. Placed by the hberallty oil
our laws on a perfect equality with our native
citizens, the naturalized merchant IS enabled TO
advance by this privilege the trade ana industry
of his former home. A Government VINO SEXES
sbe nersous of our citizens on the pretext that
by the mere accident Of birth they owe II mill
.ary service seriously disturbs the business re-
laiiOns not only OF our commerce put us o"h'
and results in a far greater INJURY than the per-
.oual service of its so-called subject can repay.
la various parts of Europe military service Is
held To be due the sovereign; but he is empowered
for anv reason of public policy, or other eonsid-
rrasion TO release from this liability any OF his
subjects. -.
,,r ramoustrauces any of our adopted citizens
TO perform this duty, on revlsilng their early
home who had emigrated before attaining the
aoe requisite TO bear arms, and VINO Would per
hans leave Immediately after Its performance,
ought 10 be regarded as unfriendly act OF the
tormer sovereign and be met on our part by a
~ystem of retaliation
While il is believed that il il the duty OF our
Government 10 protect the adopted citlzeh
against the constructive claims of his former
sovereign TO his services military recruit,
NV experience has been of q character to pre-
vent me from asking that the right OF cltlzenshlp
should be extended to those who are redtty dc-
tudL ueSertefS, eltnef III tllllc vi "oi VI PcaNe-
The opinion of mankind respecting the obllga,
tiop of the soldier to be faithful to his flag would
iustify no Government in shielding by its action
those who are faithess to this duty, and in my
opinion the person guilty of this otfense Is moi
deserving Of the title of an American freeman
Although thus far national attention has beer
excited only by the claims OF various nations
On our paturalized citizens to perform military
service al times too, when the great European
mowers were on the of war, there ID another
branch of the subject fraught with greater dan
uer. Ia this class of of our citizens than the as
ssrtiop of right 10 their services as recruits
Our merchant marine employs greater number
of men than that of any other nation. 1t is es
timated that about one-half Its number, com
prisina seanlen officers and large portion OF ITS
commanders are naturalized citizens sailing with
American projections. Nearly all the maritime
PoMers of Europe have a system of naval en-
FollLent by which their seataring subjects are
held 10 the performance OF service ~ national
yessels. Our extended commerce frequently
exposes this class of our citizens to this danger
and II il has not more frequently occurred ii IL
owing TO the fact that these Powers have moi
been engaged in maritime warfare.
Against this claim, however, which may be as
,;-h,,ally asserted by foreign Powers as that FOL
aS;,arv service, seafaring citizens OF foreign
hirtb have frequently not even the benent o.
cho;ce inrreturning to their native land Com
aa,ca has lis necessities, and the mariner musi
risk them or desert his post hence ne may ot
iI;ad 20 visit the land in which his name Is
soreIied as liable to naval service, and in which
tbe value of the seaman is appreciated mucl
ai',har Than that of military recruit Foreigr
G1yernments have disregarded the eertlficate'
.f citizenship bearing the seal of the Federa