The daily exchange. [volume] (Baltimore, Md.) 1858-1861, 1860-12-13
THE NATIONAL TROUBLES,
SOUTH CAROLINA ouBEnxAroRIA1 ELECTION.

| iSnCuS, ooi JOuusOHJ OUj Rnett, Zo JdMlSOUy -;
Townsend, Barnwell and Chesnut, l each, and l
vote blank. On the first ballot Pickeus and John
son were tied The election was postponed till
| Wednesday.
| fSecond Dispatch
THE SOUTH CAROLINA GUEERNAToRIAL coNrEsr-sTILL
NO CHoICE-sMALL-POx AT CoLUMBIA-THE LEGIsIA-
| TURE ABOUT TO ADJOURN TO CHARLESTON
COLUMBIA, Dec 12.-The Legislature proceeded
to-day to ballot foI a Governor. The third ballot
stood-Jamison 2S; Rhett 2S johnson 45 Pickens
Sc; scattering 6. There being again no choice,
| further balloting suspended tor to-day.
The smallpox is increasing here, and there is
great panic at the prospect of the Legislature
adjourning to Charleston tomorrow.
PROPOSITION TO sEND ExPREsIDENr FILLMORE ON mis-
| SION TO SOUTH CAROLINA.
| BUFFALO, Dec IA meeting Of some 300 prom
inent citizens was held here last evening" for the
purpose ofrequesting ex-Presdent Fillmore to pro-
| ceed TO South Carolina as a messenger of peace
The appointed committee waited on Mr.. Fillmore
who expressed the warmest sympathy with the OBJ
ect of the meeting but said he had been invited to
attend a meeting of the prominent conservative men
of the State shortly, and should feel bound to await
the result of their deliberations.
LOUISIANA STATE CONVENTION TO BE CALLED.
New ORLEANS, Dec. 12.-The Louisiana State
Senate has passed Convention bill. The Missisip
| State, asking the cooperation of louisiana
resolution requesting the Governor to commun-
cate the actien of the Legislature to the other
slave States was adopted.
JOHN BELLS VIEWS ON THE CRISIS.
Hon. John Bell has written a letter. under date
of December 6th in reference to the crisis. The
question of chief importance according to Mr. Bell
Is whether the election Of Mr.. Lincoln, with other
alleged grievances, will justify the withdrawal of
any OF the slave States from the Union. He saws:
The policy Of making the Government an instru-
mentality for the repression extinction of slavery
as is now attempted by the party which is soon to
be In power, was never contemplated by the trainers
of the Constitution.
l have often expressed the opinion that the sue
cess of purely sectional party, organized upon
any principle, sentiment or policy in strong antag-
onlsm to the interests and sentiments of the oppns-
ing and defeated section, would deeply mperil the
Union nor did believe, until the result of the Oc-
tober elections became known, that majority of
the Northern people would ever so far disregard
the counseis and warnings of Washington as to
elect the candidate of such a marty tn the Prasi
dency.
Mr.. Bell gives the following reasons why Lin
coins election does not justify secession
lst. Mr. Lincoln, it is we'll known does not hold
extreme opinions on the subject of slavery. 1t is
certain that he has expressed decided opinion
that the South has constitutional right to demand
the faithful execution Of the Fugitive Slave Law;
and that under certain circumstances he would feel
1t his duty not to oppose the admission of a new
Slave State into the Union.
I'd. Mr.. Lincoln will be powerIeSs for evil unless
the South secedes.
Sd. As to any apprehensous that the Republican
party, encouraged and stimulated to further efforts
by their late success NAV be so STRENGTHENED in the
result of the election of Senators and Representa-
tves, in the meantime, to obtain a majority in
both Houses of the Thirtyeighth Congress that is
during the last two years of Mr.. Lncon's admin
istration; while it may be well to regard such an
event as possible, the strongest reasons exist for the
confident belief that such unfortunate result
will attend the elections in the North, which are
to decide the complexion Of the Thirtv-eightb Con
greSs.
OF the whole number of votes cast for Mr.. Lin
coin in the recent election, from my own personal
knowledge, and from information received from
other sources, of the sentiments of the South and
especially of those of the Middle States, and the
States north of the Ohio, am sure that hazard
nothing in stating that large number-at least
one-third-are devoted to the Union, and although
opposed to slavery in the abstract, have but little
sympathy with the Republican party.
am also satisfied that not more than one.third
part OF Mr. LincOlns supporters are so extreme in
their anislavery sentiments as to be wholly indf-
erent to the effect upon the Union of the policy of
the Republican party.
Of the remaining third of Mr.. Lincoln's sup.
porters, | think am warranted in saying that
they attached to the Union, though anti slave
rv in their sentiments. / feel confident that the
Thirty-eighth Congress will exhibit a falling off
in the strength of the Republican party, instead
!
4th. All of the existing grievances Of which the
South may justly complain be redressed in the
Union. AS to the ndignitv, not to say insult Of
fered to the South, of nominating and elecinp the
candidates for the two highest offices of the Gov
| ernment, by sectional party on principles which
practically excluded the Southern States from
voice In the election, contrary to established usage,
ana IN violation OF the spirit of the Constitution:
they may be pardOned for the sake of peace and
harmony, and in consideration that the South has
not been guiltless of having contributed, and that
in no small degree, to increase the violence and
asperities of the slavery controversy between the
two sections.
PLAN OF ADJUSTMENT.
The following is the gist of an article written for
De Bo,0's Revjew, and which will appear in the
number for January:
Any mode of permanent settlement of our sec
tional differences must be upon the basis of con-
cession to the South of perpetual power of self
protection. This could easily be accomplished bv
amendment of the Constitution requiring for
the passage, now and hereafter, of any law affecting
the institution of slavery majority of votes from
both the saveholding and non -slaveholding States
for the time being, in each branch of the Federal
! legislature and that this provision be placed be-
yond the reach OF future amendment, except by the
| consent of both sections This would be equally
effective for protection, and perhaps it would be
less Objectionable if the majority were required in
only one branch, and it would be more in conform
! ity with the organization of the government that
! it should be made to apply to the Senate The
effect of this provision would be to make that BODY
In some respects, the representative of sections
well as of States leaving the House, at present,
| the representative OF numerical maorities.
A great advantage of this plan of settlement is
| that it mere Y extends to sections the principle
which is already incorporated in the Constitution
with regard to States. Under clause in the Con-
stution, no State can be deprived of its equality
| in the Senate except with its consent. In con-
sequence of this provision, there has been
jealousy between the larger and the smaller States
| as such. Rhode Island, Delaware and Florida feel
| all their RIGHTS and fear n
upon them by New York, Pennsylvania or Vir-
! ginia and for the reason that those States have
not the power under the Constitution to oppress
them, If they had the desire to do This princi-
| pie applied to sections would operate with equal
success, and would harmonic dscord by obliter-
ating its 1t cannot be doubted that sectional
| hostility has been much aggravated by mingng
the question of slavery with the struggle for sec
! tiOnal supremacy. If the South were rendered
secure against aggression by perpetual equality in
the Senate, the motive for competition being re-
| moved she would become comparatively indffer-
eut to the colonization of the Territories, and the
passion aroused on both sides by competition and
rivalry would naturally subside and give place to
| kinder feelings. The more rapid progress of the
| North in population and in the DEVELOPMENT of
power would then cease to alarm, for the reason
that this power could not be used adversely to her
| Institutions
1t is well known that among the most serious
| differences in the Convention which framed the
| Constitution, were those which resulted from the
contests between the larger and smaller States
cerning representation in Congress. By the COM
| promise agreed upon, the larger States yielded
equal representation to all in the Senate, while the
smaller consented to representation, according to
population, in the House. To give equal represen-
tation to sections in the Senate or, what amounts
| to precisely the same thing, to require the major
ity of votes from both sections for the enactment
! of q law now, would not be a greater departure
from the majority principle than fathers agreed
| to, in giving equal representation to States Un-
| der the Confederation, each of the States, large
and small, had but single vote, and therefore
| had equal influence in all branches of the Govern
ment. Under the Constitution, the States have
equal influence in the Senate only and under the
Constitution, if amended by the plan proposed, Sec
| ftons would have equal influence in the Senate.
By restricting this equality of sections to the sim
| gle subject of slavery, the concession asked from
| the North is not one of great magnitude, nor one
which it would be improper for her to make, since
the effect of it would be merely to place the nStitu-
| ton of slavery under the control of those among
| whom il exists, and who alone have the right to
| control it.
| PREsENTMENT OF THE GRAND JURY OF THE UNITED
STATES, FOR THE MIDDLE DISTRICT OF ALABAMA.
The Grand Jury of the United States for the
| Middle District of Alabama empauneled and sworn
to enquire and true presentment make, for said
District, as to all violations of the laws of the Uni
| ted States-dO hereby present: That the several
| States of Massachusetts,, New Hampshire, Yer.
| mont, New York, Ohio, and others have nullified
by acts OF their several Legislatures, several laws
| enacted by the Congress of the Confederation for
| the protection of persons and property; and that
| for many years, said States have occupied an att-
tude of hostility to the interests of the people of