The daily exchange. [volume] (Baltimore, Md.) 1858-1861, 1860-09-28

BY a succession Of incidents growing naturally
out Of each other the great Italian Drama of Liber-
alton is moving steadily towards a deaoueme,d.
The actors upon whom the curtain first rose have
PLAYED their parts and retired from the stage Per-
haps they may appear again upon the scene as
the progress Of the story DEVELOPS new complica-
tons, or perhaps they may leave TO other
hands the task of accomplishing what they
themselves so well begun. To those who
have been accustomed to regard the Italian
people as rash and impusive, and incapable
alike of selEcommand and of persistent effort, the
caution they have displayed, the prudence they
have maniftSted-iheir steadiastness, unity of ac-
ton, and heroic self-devotion, must appear little
less than marvellous That virtue Of patience,
in which it was said they were deficient,
they have exhibited TO o remarkable degree.
Those errors of judgement, which were the main
causes of the failure of the revolution Of 1913,
they have learned to correct. They have surren-
dered their earlier faith in the Republican theories
of MAzzII for the more practical programme of
GARIRALDI and CAvoUR. They have done more
they have subdued their local animosities and sub
ordina;ed all minor issues to the one grand object of
uniting all the fragmenary governments of Italy
under the rule of single monarch whose devo-
ton to liberal principles aud whose courage and
patriotism render him eminently worthy of
their loyalty 1t is the possession of these high
qualities that has won for VICToR EMMANUEL the
unwavering devotion of GARIBALDI, the foremost
man, the best and bravest soldier, and the most
sefsacrifcing patriot in all Italy. BY the
magic of his name the fame Of his
exploits, and the well known simplicity and
generosity of his character, he has rallied the
flower of the Italian youth to his standard, and
has marched from victory 10 victory, with VIcToR
EMMANUEL as his password, and liberty as his
war-cry. In one short, decisive campaign, he
has freed Sicily from the despotism of the Bour-
bon, and now Naples opens wide her gates to
welcome Ter deliverer. The son and successor
Of that Bomba, who, few years ago, Indignantly
spurned the wise counsel of friendly Powers, and
rested the security Of his throne upon foreign
bayonets, upon the vigilance and brutality of his
police, and the loyalty of the lazzaroni is a fug
tive at Gaeta, and will shortly add another once
illustrious name to the long list of those whom
DR.. DORIAN has humorously styled ''monarchs
"retired from business" In these days great
events succeed each other with such startling
rapidity that the mind has scarcely time to COM
prehend their magnitude and Importance before
other changes transpire that set at naught all
previous calculations, and battle and bewilder the
judgment upon things that are past not less than
upon things that are to come. Sixteen months
have scarcely elapsed since Austria gave the law
or dictated the policy which controlled all Italy,
with the exception of the petty kingdom of Sar-
DINA. Since then she has been expelled from
Lombardy; has been forced TO withdraw her gar
risons from the Papal States; has seen all of her
Italian Ar hdukes stripped of their possessions,
and is now Offering an asylum to the
fugitive King of Naples. All her old infu-
ence in Italy has passed from her for ever, and
atsthis day there remains to her, on that penin-
sula, only the province of Veneta, which, though
bristling with bayonets and dominated by almost
impregnable Notifications, is dsalfected 10 the
core Lomtardy, Parma, Modena, Tuscany, the
Northern States of the Church, Sicily and Naples
all the territory comprised under these various
names and governed by as many different SOW
creigns, since the month Of May Of last year has
been added or is now in process Of annexation to
the Kingdom of Sardinia. What yet remains to
be accomplished before the dream of a United
Italy can be completely realized, is the expulsion
of the Austrians from Venetia, and the absorption
of all the Southern Papal States, with the excep-
ton of that part which contains the City of Rome
and perhaps of the provinces adjacent to it. Sar-
DINA has already taken the initiative with regard
to the Papal States. VIII GARIBALDI be per-
mitted to complete his programme by attack
ing the A"strinus in Venetian "~~ he. with
his raw ana udr1o.t Aueu levIeS, cope with Aus
tra in her stron Jholds of the quadrlatera defend
ed as they by disciplined troops, well furnished
with artillery and supplies ofevery kind and pant
ing TO avenge the losses sustained at Magenta and
Solterino? What man dare do, GARIBALDI is the
man to attempt, aud if he has resolved 10 block
ade Venice with the NeapOltan fleet and to mar
sha his army Of volunteers on the banks of the
Adige, we may he certain that he is as
much assured Of the support of Sardinia
on the line of the Mincio as he is of
the assistance of the Italian people. Were he to
suffer defeat in this cause from the lukewarmness
or detection of Sardinia, her newly-annexed prov
nces would melt from the grasp of VICTOR En-
MANUEL like the fairy gold of Irish tradition
Count CAvogE officially dscaims for Sardinia
any intention to take part in the struggle
against Austria; but even if he be sincere in
in this declaration, the power of Cabinet Min
lister is weakness itself when opposed to the will of
people, and GARIGALDI does but reflect the ma
tional sentiment when he frankly avows his deter
minati0n to finish the work that NAPOLEON III, by
the treaty of Villa Franco, left Tor other hands
than his own to accomplish. Backed by the
almost unanimous approval of twenty-five million
Italians the final result can scarcely be said to be
doubtful, unless France, declining to support Sar-
dinia should suffer other Powers TO intervene in be-
half Of Austria and the Pope. Though occupying
the strongest military position in all Italy, and able
to recruit with great rapidiy the losses sustained by
her army, Austria is not in a condition TO under.
take tedious and expensive war Her exchequer
is empty; her creditn Europe is seriously impaired
and she may well fear that another instruction
will break out in Hungary the moment she be-
comes deeply involved in a conflict or the PENN
sula. Even if the Hungarian5 should be oyerawed
by the presence Of Russian troops, the new doc
time of non-intervention would be at once
violated, and NAPOLEON might feel himself at
liberty TO march his armies again to the as
sistance of the Italians. If, on the other
hand Austria should succeed in repulsing the
efforts Of the Italians to lberate Yenetia, she can
not follow upher victory by crossing the Mincio and
overspreading the plains of Lombardy, for NApo-
LEON III. would scarcely permit the provinces,
which French valour had so large q share in win
ming; which laid the foundation of his own mill
tary renown, and which ne exchanged with Sar-
DINA for Nice and Savoy, to fall again under the
rule of the Kaiser without striking another Wig
orous blow in their behalf. But bold and dash
ing as GARIHALoI has shown himself in the execu-
ton of his plans, he is reported TO be patient and
thoughtful in maturing them before hand
We may, therefore, take it for granted, that if it
be true that he has resolved TO attempt the expul
sion of Austria from Venetia, he has carefully
measured the strength of his adversary, and as
certained the means Whereby he himself may
hope to carry on the war to successful conclu-
sion.
THE RETIREMENT OF THE NEAPoLITAN MINISTER