The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1860-10-28

IA adopting an0 faasynK the federal constitution,
or compact OF alliance. by which they agreed tn
eetahs central q en y or government 1t Wash
ing'ou, And old that instI ument, agreement or
compact have any validity or ef-ct VII aever In
adopted and aned i9 Aud did not 40 seral uf the
States Gas Virgins, New York and Rhode Islsnd)
expressly reserve the right To secedS reserve
the powers Of governmental h8
Il. Again, does not the federal constitution re-
quire three fourths 81 the States to ratuy am~ud
Ieuts 70 that Instrument, La 1t not therefore in
thu power o. anything over one iourth OF the sm all
er States, with population OF one-twentie'h OF
the whole to defeat ANY proposed am-ntm-Un
Q. Did the people OF our entire couafry ever
collectively do any one act as = single body. II her
ID elec,iDg delegates tn coaveati0as. members
Of Congress electors for the Presidency, or any
other conceivable act, either at this time from
the very settlement of our country 70 tho present
day, and il not. how can this possibly be called
(as by Edw ard Livingston Ia The praoisn< Ion aud
by all -ial's's) government of the solid peo-
pie OF our country the government Of tbs people
OF United Amerfcxy
Did not the people OF each State creae the cor.
poiauon or body polite called the StAte. OF which
each Of its citizens Il corp rat r. whilst the state
Is an imaginary entity or helngs And la like man
Uunion. called the Unit~d 5tstes. Of which each
state il distinct corporatr; hus forming An II.
ance OF foreign or separate 81 tea, ~ equals and
allies, Tor certain specified aud lmired purpos.ss
Does not esch STATE By iS Legislature cnoos~ is
two Senators, and thus has not each State (thc
smallest and the largest an equs suffrage to the
* nste' Does mot each State hoose tts represUn-
tstivts 70 the house, as appori"0ed amongst tie
several IT ,es. according 70 the nhabitans VI that
state and require to be iuhabitants os hst state
in which they are ~ chosen Does not each
State appoint its electors Of President, not
in proportion to iis population. hat {, It's
Representatives Ia both houses of Gongress.
whereby the vote OF the small states is much tu-
creased over the proportion OF the large ones' Are
no, these electors either chosen by the people
the Legislature. or appointed by the Governor"
"a each ~tale shall determine for itself Does not
the smallest state cast the same two votes IN the
the largest tor Vice President in case VI
vacancy, and does no. that officer become Presi-
dent in case Of vacancy in that object Il not the
President. in tact and ruth, the representative OF
the states. being chosen ny their electors and not
hy the people majority o. the whole people OF
the Mon hut Of the e,ates' and being such repre-
sentative of the Saes Is ae not invested with the
veto power for the very purpose o. preventing and
arresng every invasion OF their rghts by the majo
ry in the House Of Re the States,
in tact through his ACTON nterposng their veto' IL
rot ibis rfprs sentative 81 the states or the same
reason, empowered Ca appoint their judges Tor the
Supreme Court, which judges are therefore en-
powered 10 decide controversies between the
Statess
Again. can any one possibly be citizen Of the
United States except by being y citizen Of one Of
the States, i there any such thing ~ citizen Of
the great state, or naton, of United America?
Does not the constitution itself show this seifevi
dent tact in requiring that the very urst chosen
{and all other) representatives shall have been
citizens OF the United states for years, aud
the irst. and all other Senators for nine years.
meaning Of course, citizens Of one of the states,
rs there then other citizen OF the
United Statess And fnsliy, does not the
constitution IN fact leave the power To each
state 10 prescribe the qualifications of voters
fer members OF Congress. by declaring that
they shall have the qualifications required ny each
State for electors of the most numerous branch OF
the State LEGISLATURE AID cannot each State
vary and alter those qualifications often and rs
much az she may choore or fancys
10th. did not the several and separate states OF
this country adopt and ratfy the constitution, com
pct Of alliance aud power OF attorney (or 1t Is all
three combined). at various and different perinds'
Did not some Of these states as Rhode Island,
North Carolina, &C.. remain out OF the Union or
alliance. tor many months. an even two years
and could they not have remained (if they had
cbosen) out Of II altogether to the present day,
ana could any possible force have compelled them
to come into the league, Union. or alliance, How,
then can il be pretended ,hstiorre be employed
To drive th.u. Saea is.o the enyur II they should
now choose TO depart from the partnership
| and how can such Union (thu, sepsr tteiy adopt.
ed at dferen, times ny separate States) be called
| . solid government Of the collective people OF
4 United America,
III. DO not the favorite authorities, so constantly
| quoted by Tue iseQige,ce''. Alexander Hamilton,
| James Madison, OF is30; Daoie Webster and every
other ied-ralist constantly, aud ey necosstdterei
j employ the terms Union" compact" federal
! government" &c, each Of these terms directly
l CONRAD citing (ia the very language they com.
PEELED to usc) the doctrines they tend for OF n
| solid government of the collective people of
| Upted Americss" Does not the very title gvea to
4 the great standard work of the consolidauonists
1.-THE tederalist," interpreted by its derivation
| Cfodns') and BY the dictionaries, signify 'per.
! tanning T. covenant, league or conuacr'
Is not The language Of Madison, in the Viz.
| federal government result from tue compact TO
| which the States are parties, and limited
by the plain s.nse and intention Of the instrunent
| contributing that compact" Was not the word
| 'compsct,n a. well a- "unionr and federal go
| vernmrnt," employed by Webster. Though argu-
ing against II in his debate with General Hsyne;)
In his later speeches in Congress and elsewhere,
and most particularly 10 his great speech at Capon
/ springs, Gu 2sth June, 1851, wherein ne said. II
do Dot hesitate 70 say and repeat, that Il the North
ern state. refuse wfuliy and Deliberately 70 carry
into effect that part OF the constitution which re-
spects the restoration of fug i've slaves the South
| would no longer he bound e. observe the compact.
| bargain broken on enc sioe Is broken ON all
| sides And yet does not the i1l<ltgenc,T cx.
plicitly deny tss other wings have always ione} that
the federal constitution h in auy sense Compact,
| convention or league between the States, whist
/ the power Of truth compe- them unconsciousiy to
Use these very terms Magma eS rerttds Ct pre-.
1 rdLe3a,."
Does not Mr. Madison say, 10 reply TO p.,rick
Henry, 1.-The prin .ipal question Is whether 1t be
| federal or q consolidated government Who are
parties 70 its The people but not the people as
composing one great body. bat the people com
posing thirteen soyereigute-. We're IL, the gen.
teman asserts. consolidated government. the
assent Of majority Of the people would be
sufficient for it, establishment add a INA jority
have adopted Il already, the remaining States
would be bound by the act Of the majority, even IL
they unanimously reprobated II themselves. We're
u such a government, IL would be nov binding on
the people Of this State. without the privilege of
celebrating on ~. But, sir. no state Il bound by
IT, as u Il, without fts Own consent. Are not
amendments to be- ratified by thrce.f, OF the
States and not ny n maturity Of the people,'
II not the language of Washington. at the same
period, as follows IN writing 10 Governor Harri
son, OF Nrgnia:-"Thc Discrimination 81 the ,yeral
States to yield competent powers 70 congress their
unreasonable jca ousy cf that body aud " one
another. and the disposition which seems TO per.
yad. each OF being all wise all powerful with.
| IA itselt I DC. again, does not Mr.. Madison say
la the ICderdlisl. lin this &c ion the proposed
government cannot be deemed national one. since
IL jurisdiction extends certain enumerated OBJ
n.dI