davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Jeffersonian Democrat. [volume] (Chardon, Ohio) 1854-1865, 1860-08-24
Wonders Of the Created Universe.

The faculty OF Sublimity In conjunction
with that Of Warehouses;. or, as il is
often called Spirituality. enables msn 10
appreciate such subjects as cannot be
measured or comprehended by Calcula-
tion or the reasoning faculties. Calculs.
lion will solve problem, and the result
will be row Of hundred figures; but
who can tell BY reason how much they
mean? Ii is quite impossible TO compre-
hend them. They must be divided, or
presented in some comparative manner
TIE following specula,ions Of lIrrschel
will illustrate The point in question::
"What mere assertion will make any
one believe that in one second Of time, in
one beat OF the pendulum Of clock. a
ray Of light travels over 1915, ZOO miles.
ard would therefore perform the tour OF
the world in about the same time tha, it
requires to wink our eyelids, and 10 much
less time than swift runner occupies in
taking a single stride? What mortal can
be made to believe, without a demonstra.
ton, that The sun is almost million times
large, than the earth; and that, although
so remote from US, that cannon ball shot
directly towards II, and maintaining its
full speed, would be twenty years in
reaching il, II yet Affects the earth in It's
attraction in an inappreciable instant OF
time? Who would not ask for demon
stration. when told thai gnars wing. in
its ordinary fight, bea,s many hundred
times ia a second; or that there I, xists an.
imated and rel lulary organized beings,
many thousand Of whose bodies laid close
together would not extend an inch? But
what are those to the astonishing truths
which modern optical inquiries have dis
closed, which teach US that every point Of
melum through which ray Of light
passes is affected with a succession Of Pc
riodical movements, regularly recurring
at equal periods. no less than 500, 600, ,000
times in one single second? That il
is by such movements connected with the
nerves Of our eyes that we see; nay, more;
that j; is the difference in the frequency
Of their recurrence which affects US with q
sense Of the diversity Of color. That. fol
instance, in acquiring the sensation Of red
ness. our eyes are affected 4S2 900, ,oOC
Of times; Of yellowness. 5I2 100000 o.
times; and OF violet, 807 900. 900 Of time:
per second. Do no, such fhings sound
more like the rawlings Of mad men than the
sober conclusion of people in their waking
senses? They are, nevertheless. conclu
sions. 10 which any one may most Ger
tainly arrive who will only be at tht
trouble Of examining the chain Of reason
ing BY which they have been obtained.
The Jeffersonian Democrat. [volume] (Chardon, Ohio) 1854-1865, 1860-08-24
WHOLE NO., 554.
FUN ITEMS.

Why does sailor know there is man In
the moon ?--Because no has been to sea.
Miss FANTADLISe says tho Rrst time che
locked arms with young man, she felt like
Hope leaning on her anchor.
Our Insane Contributor WANTS to know
whether the Dead Letter Office, at Wash
ington, would not be good plnce for ex-
plorations Of the Dead G.
"FINE complexion Mrs. II. has got" said
Brown to his friend Bristles, the Hrtist. Il
know it," replied the artist "she and buy
colors at tho same shop"
TINS snow storm the boys regard % q
joke" said old DR.. Dilworth during tho la,o
storm. "Yes," replied bis companion, "ana
1t Is joke that any ono can see the drift Of"
Il WISH could be cured of lying in bed
so late in tho morning." said lazy husband
lounging upon bis pillow. "Well, 1 will try
the water curc," said his wife, pouring
bucketful on him.
IT is perhaps, debatable question, wbeth-
er person who has always been in tho
habit Of lying, has a right to tell the truth.
II is, Of course, the only derieo by which he
can deceive people.
A STUDENT went into bookstore and in
qured Of tho proprietor, If he had any
pocket testamentt in Greek. "In Greek =
echoed our good friend, hesitatingly. 81
believe not, sir, but have some elegant
ones 10 morocco"
An idle man once asked coal merchant
what peck Of coal multiplied by eight,
divided by four, with ton added 10 them,
and bushel subtracted, would come to.
"Well," said the coal merchant, "if you burn
EN- they'll como 10 ashes"
A CONVERSATION occurred between a coun-
sellor law and client. 81 want you to
defend me. What do you charge y Twenty
dollars, if you furnish the witnesses. and
forty IL / furnish them" Client promised
70 take the matter into consideration and
report next day.
The Jeffersonian Democrat. [volume] (Chardon, Ohio) 1854-1865, 1860-08-24
Speak TenderIy.

When some three weeks since, some forty
of the children in charge of the Children's
Aid Society Of New York, were arranging
for removal to the West, boy was folding
with great care his old cap, having previous
ly takon out its lining-a piece of faded
calico.
"John,' called friend, "what are you
going to do with that piece of CREASED
calico :"
"Please, sir, IL is not greascdj It is all
that have to remember my dead mother
by IT'S part of bor dress which cut off
when she lay dying in the garret in
street."
The question ard the answer were too
much for the little fellow, and putting the
strip under his shirt, next to his breast, he
buried bis face in bis bands, and filled the
room with sobs. Man, woman, whoever
you be, speak tenderly to that boy across
the way. He may be an orphan. His
mother and his father may both be in the
graveyard yonder. Dear child he has
none but his own little hands by which to
work his way in tho world. Speak kindly
to him. Perhaps some day an orphan may
walk the streets whose name and yours
shall spell alike.
The Jeffersonian Democrat. [volume] (Chardon, Ohio) 1854-1865, 1860-08-24
Anecdote of Webster.

There resided at Conway, N. II we'll
known Characteristic famous Billy Abbott,
both small Of his stature and old Of his age,
aud who, by his humorous wit and wonder
full knowledge Of every little incident that
made this or that place particularly charm
ing and interesting to tho historian and the
antiquarian, SO engrafted himself into the
favor of the great expounder Of the Consti-
tuition, that he always gave him seat in bis
carriage when no rode to visit tho beauties
of nature. Billy's associates feeling eREious
on account of the honor conferred upon
him By this distinguished man, one day,
after Webster's departure, satirically asked
Billy In the crowded bar room, what he and
bis friend Webster found to converse about
as they rode about the country. Billy re-
piled: I'VE usually talk about horticulture
and agriculture, and the different breeds of
horses aud cattle, aud upon these subjected
derive from him good deal Of useful iii,-
formation; and upon suoh topics And him
a little more than my match but the mo
ment"-he enthusiastically added, with Q
gesture, aud tone of voice becoming tho
orator himself-"but the moment he alludes
to tho the Constitution, can floor him in a
minutel" which was received with great
applause; and the Banquo Of Envy never
again affronted Daniels rustic favorite.
The Jeffersonian Democrat. [volume] (Chardon, Ohio) 1854-1865, 1860-08-24
Lines by Washington Irving.

The following lines written in tho Dccp-
leno Album, England. at tho date indicated,
y Washington Irving. They were pub.
isbed for tho first time, recently, In Tback.
rays Cornhill Magazine:
Thou record Of the votive throng,
That fondly seek this fairy shrine,
And pay tho tribute Of song
Where worth and lovelinoss combine
What boots that I. vagrant wight,
From cline to cline still wandering on,
Upon thy friendly page do wri,o
Who'll think OF mo when am gone
Go plough tho wavo, md SOW tho sand;
Throw seed to ovory wind that blows I;
Along tho highway strew thy hnnd,
Aud tasten on the crop that grows.
For even thus the man that roams
On heedloss hearts his feeling spends
Strange tonant of thousand homes,
And friendlcss, with ten thousand
friends
Yot here, for once. I'll leavo o trace, ,-~~>.
To ask In afteTtimos thought;
To say that hero resting place
Ny wayworn heart has foudly sought,
So tho poor pilgrim Needless,
Unmovod. through many region fair
But at somo shrine his tribute pays.
To toll thus no has worshipPod thoro-
June "a, 1922.
The Jeffersonian Democrat. [volume] (Chardon, Ohio) 1854-1865, 1860-08-24
The SphYnx,

And near tho pyramids. moro wondrous
aud more awful than all else in tho land OF
Egypt. there sits the lonely sphynx. Como.
ly tho creature is, but the comeliness is not
of this world the once worshipped beast is
q deformity and o monster Of this genera
ton, and yot you can SEQ those lips, SO thick
and heavy, ~ere fashioned according "a
some ancient mould of beauly-somo mould
of beauty now orgotten-forgotten because
that Greece drow forth Cytherca from the
flashing foam of the Esean, and in her
image created new fcrms o! beauty, and
made IL q law among mon that the short
and proudly wroathed lip should stand for
;he sign and main condition of lovo.ineIs
through all generations to come. Yet still
there lives on tho race of those who wore
beautiful in the fashion of tho elder would
aud Christian girls of Coptic blood will look
on you with the sad, serious gaze. aud kiss
your charitable hand with the big, pouting
lips OF tho worry sphynx. Laugh and mock
il you will at the worship of stone Idols
but mark yc this, 80 breakers Of images,
that in ono regard tho stone idol bcars aw-
fuI somblanco to Dci,y--unchangcfulness
in the midst of change-tha Same seeming
will and intont forever. and worry incxorablel
Upon ancient dynastios Of ElhoI ian and
Egyptian kings Gpon Crock and Roman
and Arab and Ottoman conquorors--upon
Napoleon dreaming OF an eastern empire
upon battle and postilenoo-upon the ceas'
Ices misery of tho Egyptian race-upou
keen.oyed travelers--Iiorodotus yesterday
and Warburton to-day-upon all, and more
this unworldly sPhynx has watched, and
watched like Providence, with tho same
sad. tranquil mien. And we, we shall die
and Islam will wither away and the Eo'
glishmau Straining far oVor to hold his loved
ludin. will hold firm foot on the banks OF
tho Milo. and sit in the soats of tho faithful,
and still that sIoeploSs rock will lilo watching
and watching tho works Of the new busy
race. with those same sad, earnest eyos, and
tho samo tranquil nion everlasting. You
dare not nook at the spyhnx.-Ki"g Lakes
EoiheH.
The Jeffersonian Democrat. [volume] (Chardon, Ohio) 1854-1865, 1860-08-24
How Washington Behaved when he was
In the Wrong.

An incdont in The VTginidns, repre-.
senting Washington as ready to accept O
challenge, has led Lesiir's Illustrated Paper
90 reprint tho following pertinent anccdote
from Weem's Goniping Life Of Washington:
In 1854, Washington was stationed at
Alexandria with bic regiment, the only QUO
OF tho colony, Of winch bo was Colonel.
Tboro happened to DO at this timo an cleo.
zion 10 tho town for members Of tho Assem-.
bly,, and the contest ran high between Col.
Onel George Fairfax and Mr.. E Ezcy. Wash.
iDgton was warm friend of Col. Fairfax,
aud Mr. Payne headed tho friends Of MIR.
E'zoy. A dispute taking place in the court
house yard. Washington, At ,his ,ime no,
twenty wears Of age. contrary to his usual
manner, became excited, and, what was still
more uncommon, said something thu: of.
Tended Mr.. Payne, whereupon tho little
gentleman, who, "ihough but u cub in sizo,' .
raised bis sturdy hickory. and by = single
blow brought Washington to the ground.
Several of Washington's officers boing
present, they whipped out thoir irons 10 an
instant, and it wac supposed that thero
would DO murder of hand. To mako bud
worse, tho members of tho regiment hcar
ing how their cninmandcr had been treated
boltcd out of tho barracks ovcry man with
his weapon. threatening vengeance on .bosc
who dared to knock down their beloved
Colonel. Happily for MIR. Payne and bis
party, Washington recovered timo enough
to 20 out and moot bis enrnged soldiers,
and after thanking thGm for their express
ion of attachment, assured tham that he wai
not hurt IN the least, and begged thom, OF
they loved him and their duty, to return to
thoir barracks. As to Washington himself
ho wont to his room, and fuding on matur,
reflection, that he had been tho aggrcssor
ho determined to mako Mr.. Payne houora
ble roparation by asking his pardon on the
morrow. No sooner had no made tho no
bio rosolu ion than he recovered his natural
calinEess of manner. dressed himself ans
went to n ball, behaving as If nothing had
happened. t..
Tho ncxt day he went to tho tavorn and
wrote a polito no,e to MIR. Payne, request
:ng to see him. MIR. Payne presumed the
import Of it was a challenge for duel, and
repaired to tho place appointed tor the
meeting. expecting to 500 q pair .! pistols
introduced. But conceive his surprise upon
entering tho chamber whoro Washington
was. ho discnvnrDd iucautOr or vine aul
glasses upon tho .ablO, aud upon his enter
ing, Washington arose aud in u very fricndl,
mannor mot him, and presented his hand
saying:
"Mr. Payne. to err sometimes Ia nature
to rectify error is always glory. l find
was wrong in the affair yesterday you hav,
had. | tbink, somo satisfaction, aud II yot
think that is sufficient, here's my hand. le
US DO friends Il is only necessary to say
that from this time Mr.. Payne became on,
Of Wnshipgton's most enthusiastic admirers
and friends. If this conduct had not beer
deoinod in Washington to rise from magma
nimiiy and not from fear, then no could no
have become tho immortal hero bo is re
garded in history"
The Jeffersonian Democrat. [volume] (Chardon, Ohio) 1854-1865, 1860-08-24
The First PRAYER in Congress.

In Thatcher's Military Journal, under
date of December. 1911, is found noie
containing the identical FIRST prayer in
Congress, made by the Rev. Jacob
Duche, gentleman OF grea, .loquenee'--
Here il is, u historical curiosity:
20. Lord. our Heavenly Father, high
and mighty King Of kings, and Lord Of
lords, who dost from thy throne behold
all the dwellers on earth, and reignest
with power supreme and uncontrolled
over all the kingdoms empires and gov
eruments look down in mercy, we be-
seech thee, on these American States, who
have fed 10 thee from the rod Of the op-
pyessor, and thrown themselves on thy
gracious protection, desiring TO be hence
forth dependent only on thee to thee
have they appealed for the righteousness
of their cause [; TO thee do they now look
up for that coun,enannce and support
which thou alone canst give take them,
therefore, Heavenly Father, under thy
nurturing care give them wisdom in
council and valor in the field; defeat the
malicious designs Of our adversaries con.
vince them OF the unrigb,eousness Of their
cause and il they still persist in their
sanguinary purposes. o let the voice oI
their own unerring Justice, sounding in
their hearts. constrsin them TO drop The
weapons OF war from their unnerved hand,
IN the day of battle Be thou prcsen
o God Of wisdom ! and direct the coun
ellis Of this honorable assembly enable
Them to settle things on the best and
surest foundation. that the scene Of BLOOD
may be speedily closed. that order. har
mony and peace may be effectually re
stored ; and truth and justice. religion ant
piety, prevail and flourish among tn!
people. Preserve the health Of thei
bodies and the vigor Of their minds
, shower down on them and the million
they here represent. such temporal bless
ings as thou seest expedient for them !;
this world: and crown them with everlast
ing glory in the world TO come. All thi
we ask in the name and through tn
merits OF Jesus Christ, thy Son, ou
Savior. Amen"
The Jeffersonian Democrat. [volume] (Chardon, Ohio) 1854-1865, 1860-08-24
Origin of Slavery.

Mr. Bancroft. in the fist volume of his
history of tho Unitod Statos. gives an nc.
count Of tho oarly traffic Of the Europeans
in slaves.
In tho middle ages tho Vonotians pur.
chnsod white men-Christians and others
and sold ,hem to tho Saracens in Sicily and
Spain. In England tho Anglo.Saxon no.
bility sold their servants as slaves to foreign.
eIs. Tho Portuguese first imported negro
slaves from Western Africa into Europe, in
i442. Spain soon engaged in tho traffic
and negro slaves aboundod in some places
Of that kingdom.
Aftor America was discovered, the Indians
of Hispaniola were imported into Spain and
made slaves. Tho spaniards visited tho
coast of North America and kidnapped
thousands of tho Indians. whom they trans.
ported into slavery in Europe and the Wcsi
Indies. Columbus himself kidnapped 500
native Americans and sent tbem into Spain,
thut thoy might DO publicly sold at Seville.
Tho practice of selling tho Indians into
bondage continued two centuries.
Negro slavery was first introduced into
America by Spanish shareholders who eni.
grated with their negroes. A royal cdict q:
Spain authorized negro slavery in America
in 1918. King Ferdinand sent from Seville
fifty slaves to labor in the mines. In 1891
tho direct traffic in slaves between Africa
and Hispaniola, was onjoincd BY royal ordi
nance. Las Casas, who saw the Indans
vanishing away before tho cruelty of the
SpaniaTds. suggested that tho negroes, who
ulono could endure severe tolls. might be
further employed. This was in 1918
Sir John Hawkins was tho frat English
man who engaged in the slavo trade. Ia
1852 he transported large cargo OF slaVel
to HiSpaniOla.
In 1857 another expedition was prepared
ard Queen Elizabeth protected and shRrcC
in tho traffic, Hawkins. in ono of his expo
ditions, SGT fire to an African ' llage and Gu
of threo thousand inhabitants; he succeed
cd in soiEing two hundred and sixty.
James Smith of Boston aud Thomas Koy
scr first brought tho colonies to participate
in slavery. In 1854 rhoy imported q cargo
of negroes. Throughout Massachusetts the
cry OF justice was raised against them Al
malofaotors and murdorors tho guilty mer
we're committed for tha offcnse, and tn,
representatives Of the people ordered th,
negroes to be restored TO their native lane
at the public expense. At littlo latel
period there were both Indian and negro
slaves In Massachusetts.
| In 1928 Dutch ship entered James Rive
and landed twenty negroes for sale. Th
was tho epoch of tho introduction into Vir
ginia. For many years the Dutch wer,
principally concerned In the slave trade il
the markets of Virginia.
The Jeffersonian Democrat. [volume] (Chardon, Ohio) 1854-1865, 1860-08-24
Donation PARTIES.
The following is from the Protestant
Episcopal Parish Visitor:

The following is from the Protestant
Episcopal Parish Visaor:
Donation parties and surprise visits are
the ways and means of giving material
aid to clergymen. who either need it or
do not. II they do not need this aid the n
the pr oceedings are simply qualification
Of all concerned if they do need such
aid. it shows the great reconsideration. il
not actual injustice, Of those 10 whom the
minister breaches it clearly indicates the
fact that he is not properly sustained, and
that his parishioners know it.
The practical workings Of these ma
chineries are always deceptive. always
degrading and lead to unmixed harm. -
They are pecuniary loss to the clergy
man himself and moral loss 10 the peo.
pie OF his charge.
1t is the nature Of gifts 10 degrade. to
cause a feeling Of dependence, Of inferior
ity and Of obligation. A minister's palm
should be as guillless Of bribe as that ol n
Judge. No foreign minister Of our Gov.
ernment is allowed to receive present o
any description in his official capacity. OF
even privately by virtue Of his station
not even the President Of the United
States can receive gift or present from
any nation. This is wise and is based or
a true knowledge Of human nature and
neither ought minister OF the Gospel
who is. by virtue Of bis Office, a minister
from the cour. of the King Of kings, ar
ambassador from the SHES.
To the disgrace OF the American
people, three -fourths OF the clergy, who
should live by the Gospel. who should b.
amply supported. ARE not adequately paid
are compelled if they have no private
means. to the most pinchiug economies
live in circumstances distressingl
Strengthened and endured. too. in multi
;udes OF cases, with an uncomplainingues'
and heroic coursge which is beyonC
praise.
MoRAL-ff you have anything 10 giv'
to your minister, give il to him IN money
and it will be worth to him at least double
its value in anything else. IN three case'
out OF iour.
A BETTER MORAL SrILL.-Iflh the minis
ter has no. an adequate support" b,
honest and raise his salary until he has
II there are to be any presents. let then
be on the same footing as those which 1
pastor also might make-not TO exc ou
q support; not charities. 1t is mean be
yond measure TO withhold an ADEQUATE
salary and then bsslow gifts.
The Jeffersonian Democrat. [volume] (Chardon, Ohio) 1854-1865, 1860-08-24

CRoPs AT THE SouTH.-The accounts
which come to US through the press of
South Carolina, Georgia, Florida, Ala
bama, Mississippi and Louisiana, all con-
cur in representing that the severe drouth
which has prevailed in those States has
nearly ruined the corn crop not more
than one third TO half a cror will be gath
cred. The hot. dry weather also in
juriously affects the cotton, and the yield
Of that great staple will be diminished
With q failure OF the corn crop, a dimin-.
ished cotton crop, accompanied by high
prices for corn and low prices for cotton,
the prospect for Southern planter the
coming season is not very cheering one,
and a Georgia paper wisely remarks that
prudence at this time indicates the prac.
tice Of economy, the prompt payment Of
debts, and the studious avoidance Of new
obligations. Cotton is generally consid-
cred "King," but this year it must be
contented with sort of "limited mon
srchy." Its own subjects want bread,
while its best customers in Europe are
crying, "give us more bread and less
cotton" The West, with its abundant
harvesls OF golden grain will be ''king"
this year, and, like the sheavas Of Joseph's
brethren, the sbesves Of the South and
East will do obeisance TO the Mississippi
Valley.-Boston Journal.
The Jeffersonian Democrat. [volume] (Chardon, Ohio) 1854-1865, 1860-08-24
IF WE KNEW,
ny RuTH BENTON.

If we know the cares and crosses
Crovding round our neighbor's way,
II wo knew tho littlo losses,
sorely grievous, day BY day,
Would We then so often chide him
For his lack Of thrift aud gain
Leaving on his heart shadow.
Leaving on his lifO a stain
II We know tho clouds above Us,
Hold by gentle blessings therc,
Would We turn away all trembling,
In our blind aud weak despair
Would We shrink from little shadows
Lying on tho dowy grass,
While it's only birds OF Edon,
just in mercy flying passi
If wc know the silont story
QuiveriDg through tho heart Of pain,
Would our womuuhood daro doom thum
Back to haunts Of guilt again
Life hath many a tangled crossing;
Joy bath many break of woe
And tho cheeks tonr washed uro whitest
This the blessed angels know.
Let us roach into our bosoms
For tho key to other lives,
Aud with love toward erring nature,
Cherish good that still survives
So that when our disrobed spirits
Soar to realms of light again,
We may say, Dear father judge US
As We judge our follow-mcn."
The Jeffersonian Democrat. [volume] (Chardon, Ohio) 1854-1865, 1860-08-24
Much In Little.

Tho Albany Euen,ng Journal thus givcs
tho osSonoe Of Douglas non on-interVentiou:
Tho fathers Of tho Republic interviewed to
exclude Slavery from the Territories, and
Douglas and the Democracy intervened to
undo their work
Having thus. by Congressional intervsu.
tion, robbed freedom of the soil guaranteed
to it forever" tho doctrine of Non-Inser-
vontion is interPo.ed to prevent the recov-
cry of what Froodom was despoiled BY the
intervention principle !
Congress may intervene for Slavery, but
not for Freedom
By Congressional Intervention. Territory
larger than ten Empire States was passed
over to the Stakeholder. and then the peo.
ple are told that thcre must be no interven-
tion to get IL back
First strip man Of his possossioIS and
then comfort him with the assurance that
no one will intervene TO prevent him from
becoming 4 competitor with others to regain
II