davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Pomeroy weekly telegraph. [volume] (Pomeroy, Meigs County, Ohio) 1860-1866, 1860-08-28
LITTLE FARM WELL
titled.


Michael Dorne, an enterprising, in
dustrious, vegetable dealing German of
West Springfield, Mass, has been the
owner of about a6 acres of worn-out tile
aa9e land there, Fer the last ten years.
He has ore lot Of four acres, now devo-
ted to vegetable garden, that when he
bought it was thickly covered with old
decayiAg useless apple trees, besides be-
ing overrun with blackberry vines dali
sizes, weeds and stone. The four acres
once afforded a scanty pasture for sim
tgle COW. By dint of preserving indus
try, about 200 loads of stone have been
removed from this field to more useful
places, the unsightly apple trees, (fur-
nlshing B years fuel for his family have
been cleared away, and stable manures,
night soil, ashes, and plaster have been
literally applied to the furrowed land,
(Mr. Dorne buries all of his manure with
harrow or plow,) and the result in kind
of crop and cash receipts for 1859 we
present as follows:
Mercer potatoes, S11224; strawberries,
S94,3O; peas, 5.42; tobacco, sos .25;
beans, $50.56; turnips, $3.50; squashes,
$4,000; sweet corn, $500; tomatoes,
$1,000; cucumbers, $3.50; rutta bagas,
$500 Total receipts, SHAFT.
The land from which this amount was
taken ten years ago was worth less than
S25 per acre. We present these facts,
with. desire to raise this query in the
mind of the reader whether he prefers
little farm well titled, or large farm
poorly titled? Let your action agree
with your decision and we. are content.
Mr.. Dorne sold s400 worth of produce
from other parts of his farm last year,
and kept nearly enough to winter three
cows, one calf, one horse, six pigs, and
support his family of four persons. He
considers the raising of pigs profitable
if the breed is good. He raises often
after peas or early potatoes, a second
crop of rutta bagas, turnips, or cucum-
bers the same year Republican.
Pomeroy weekly telegraph. [volume] (Pomeroy, Meigs County, Ohio) 1860-1866, 1860-08-28
poetrp.
From the Chicago Press.
HONEST ABE OF THE WEST.
AIR-"Sar Spangled Bonner"

AIR-"Stdr Spdngted BGnhsfs
Ohark from the pine-crested hills of old Maine
Where the splender frst falls from the wings
of the morning,
And away, in the West, over river and plain,
Rings out the grand anthem of Liberty's
warnings E satA2s EfEE
From green rolling prairie it sweIls to the
sea-, ''-
For the people have risen, victorious and
free; 8
They have chosen their leaders, and bravest
t-iand best & a. t--5- tla9L. .S-itt
OF them all is OLD ABR, HosEsr ABE OF the
WEST!
The spirit that fought for the patriots of old
Has swept through the land and aroused us
forever;
In the pure air of heaven standard unfold
Fit to marshal us on to the sacred endeavorl
Proudly the banner of freemen we bear
Noble the hopes that encircle it there!
And where battle is thickest we follow the crest
OF gallant OLD ABE, HONEST ABE OF THE WEST!
There's triumph in urging a glorious cause
Though the hosts of the fee for while may
r., be stronger, g. ..--..-.. ----
Pushing on for just rulers and lelier laws,
Till their lessening columns oppose us no
longer. IA =
But ours the loud poan of men who have
past *S1 &@s z-~
:. Through the struggles of years, and are
victors at last
So forward the fag leave to Heaven the rest
And trust in OLE ABE, HONEST ABE OF THE
s2ss4 WEsT!s7 ~ l. s-1 :. = ~ .e.a ,ass
Lo! see the bright scroll of the Future unfold
Bread farms and fair cities shall crown our
Free laber turn even the sands into gold,
And the links of her railways chain ocean
to ocean;
Barges shall float on the dark river waves
With wealth never wrung from the sim
ews Of slaves; 81
And the Chief, in whose rule all the land shall
be blest,
Is our noble OLD ABE HONEST ABE OF THE
Then ON to the holy Republican strife!
And again, for Future as fair as the morn
x ing, - 80
For the sake of that freedom more precious
than life,
Ring out the grand anthem of Liberty's
warningl
Lift the banner ON high, while from mou,-
tain to plain
The cheers of the people are sounded again;
Hurral for our cause-of all causes the best
Hurrah for oLD ABE, HoNEsr ABE OF THE WEsrl
Pomeroy weekly telegraph. [volume] (Pomeroy, Meigs County, Ohio) 1860-1866, 1860-08-28
Facts for Farmers.

Facts for Farmers.
eff you invest your money in tools,
and then leave them exposed to the
weather, it is the same as loaninghoney
to spendthrift withoutsecurity- dead
loss in both cases. -> &
If you invest money in books and
never read them, it is the same as put
ting out money in bank, but never
drawing either principal or interest.
If you invest money in fine stock and
do not feed and protect them, and prop
lerly care for them, it is the same as
dressing your wife in silk to do kitchen
work.
If you invest your money in choice
fruits and do not guard and give them a
chance to grow and prove their value,
it is the same as putting good hand
into field with poor tools to work with.
If you invest your money in good
farm and do not cultivate it we'll, it is
the same as marrying good wife and
so abusing and enslaving her as to crush
her energies and break her heart.
If you invest your money in fine
house and do not cultivate your mind
and tastes as to adorn it with intelligence
and refinement, it is as if you were to
wear broad-cloth and silk hat to mill.
If you invest your money in fine
clothes and do not wear them with dig
nifty and ease, it is as if the plowman
were to sit at a jewelers. table to make
and adjust hair springs.
If you invest your money in strong
drink, it is the same as turning hungry
hogs into growing cornfeld-ruin will
follow in both cases.-Rural Register.
Pomeroy weekly telegraph. [volume] (Pomeroy, Meigs County, Ohio) 1860-1866, 1860-08-28

Cure for Corns.
The following is from Mobile, Ala
bama:
Mr.. Editor.-When looking over your
paper some days ago, I discovered a
remedy for the cure of corns, which was
simply to apply piece of lemon to the
affected part. Twas then suffering great
pain from the corns on my feet and re-
solved at once to test its remedial pow
ers. Before retiring at night, applied
the lemon as directed, and am happy to
say that it has effected an entire cure.
I would advise all who have corns to
give it trial. VIM. CALVERT. r
Pomeroy weekly telegraph. [volume] (Pomeroy, Meigs County, Ohio) 1860-1866, 1860-08-28
MOUNT AUBURN
YOUNG LADIES' INSTITUTE

THIS Select Seminary, situated in the beautiful
l. and healthy suburb of Cincinnati, called Mount
Auburn, claims equal standing with the most ap-
proved Schools in the Eastern States.
The pupils form part of the family of the Prnci-
PAL and the charges placed at the lowest rates
consistent with the superiority of the domestic ar
rangements and style of the Institution.
The course of education reaches the highest
branches usual in the best Female Seminaries.
There are two sessions of about twenty-o weeks
each.
The charge for board, lodging, light, washing,
English, scientific and classical branches, $50 per
session.
Music, singing, painting and Modern Languages at
customary rates.
Being within few minutes ride from Fourth
Street, by omnibus leaving every half hour, this
school affords peculiar facilities to families residing
on the river.
For the success of the Institute, in accomplishing
its aIms reference is made with great confidence to
its patrons.
The next session will open on Tuesday, the 18th
of September, 1859.
Applications may be made to Rey. E: A: CRAW-
LEY, ID. D., Mount Auburn; or to j. Fl. WHITE, ESQ
at Moore, Wilstach, Keys & Co.'s, Cincinnati.
Reference is also made with permissionl to Hon.
V. b. Horton, and Charles Pomeroy, Esq, Pomeroy,
Ohio. August 81, 1876 3t*
Pomeroy weekly telegraph. [volume] (Pomeroy, Meigs County, Ohio) 1860-1866, 1860-08-28

am-A poor lrishman who applied for
a license to sell ardent spirits in one of
the provincial towns in England, being
questioned by the Board of Excise as to
his moral fitness tor the trust, made the
following correct reply:
= "Och, an its there ye are'-sure an
its not much of character man needs
for to sell whiskey!"
Pomeroy weekly telegraph. [volume] (Pomeroy, Meigs County, Ohio) 1860-1866, 1860-08-28

n-A clergyman observing poor
man in the road breaking stones with
a pickax, and kneeling to get at his
work better, made this remark:
! "Ah! John, I wish 1 could break the
stony hearts Of my hearers as easily as
you are breaking those stones"
The man replied: "Perhaps, master,
you don't work on your knees'
Pomeroy weekly telegraph. [volume] (Pomeroy, Meigs County, Ohio) 1860-1866, 1860-08-28

An Irishman's Acquaintance.
A western physician riding in an om-
nibus, when an Irishman stepped in,
and recognizing the doctor, said:
s"Och, an sure, an it's Docther j,
I persaye."
"That is my name, sir, but / haven t
the honor of knowing you," responded
the polite doctor.
"Indadel but l IN the felly what made
your last boots, and which yer honor
forgot to get resate for the payment
Nv"
The ladies Uttered, the doctors mem
ory was refreshed, and Paddy got his
money and gave the ''resate'' when the
doctor got to his destination.
Pomeroy weekly telegraph. [volume] (Pomeroy, Meigs County, Ohio) 1860-1866, 1860-08-28
HOWARD ASSOCIATION,
PHIIADEIPH

Benevolent Institution established by special En-
dewment, for the Relief of the Sick and Distressed
afflicted with Virulent and Epidemic Diseases,
and especially for the Cure of Diseases of the Sex
ual Organs.
MEDICAL ADVICE given gratis, by the Acting
fI Surgeon, to all who apply by letter, with de-
scrption of their condition, (age occupation, habits
of life, &c) and in of extreme poverty, Med
icines furnished free of charge.
sVauable Reports on Spermatorrhna, and other
Diseases of the Sexual Organs and on the New Rem
edies employed in the Dispensary, sent to the af-
ficted in sealed letter envelopes free of charge
Two or three Stamps for postage will be acceptable.
Address, DR.. J. SKILLIN HOUGHTON, Acting
GEO. FAIRCHILD, Secretary. President.
Pomeroy weekly telegraph. [volume] (Pomeroy, Meigs County, Ohio) 1860-1866, 1860-08-28
Marietta s Gin. and Hillsboro s Gin. R. R
r. p. MGGRE

Saddle, HrrneSs and Trunk Manufacturer,
II EEps co1sTaNRGf 1SSs3TPaaNisRRI5s' on o HAND, AND
IN will manufacture to order, all of the vari-
GUS articles usually manufactured in such es-
adjustments. He calls particular attention to
his Harness making, and s'defes the world on
fancy mounted double or single Harness Do
not fail to give me a call, in my shop on Rut-
land street, at the head of First street, in Hollis
Building up stairs. Cash paid for ali kinds of
Hides, Skins, &C., at the highest market price.
June 21, '59.-25-1y
Pomeroy weekly telegraph. [volume] (Pomeroy, Meigs County, Ohio) 1860-1866, 1860-08-28
Aea The ladies of Aci. in Sicily ha,

nea The ladies of Aci, in Sicily have
addressed letter to General Garibaldi
announcing that from wish to follow
the noble example of patriotism giver
by the women of Upper and Central It.
ally, they intend to collect together and
forward him sum of 6,000f., which they
intended for the purchase of their Sum.
mer dresses. The donors express wish
that the sum in question may be EN-.
ployed in the purchase of muskets.
Pomeroy weekly telegraph. [volume] (Pomeroy, Meigs County, Ohio) 1860-1866, 1860-08-28

BmAR ARameau, the famous composer
while making call on a lady, suddenly
sparng up, and seized little dog that
was yelping at her feet, and threw him
out of the window.
"What is that for?' cried the lady.
'eBecause he barks out of tuner
shouted Rameau, with the indignation
of an enthusiastic musician, whose cal
had been cruelty wounded.
Pomeroy weekly telegraph. [volume] (Pomeroy, Meigs County, Ohio) 1860-1866, 1860-08-28
Sherif's Sale.

Sarah Newell VS.. William Newell.
DY virtue of an execution to me directed
ID from the Court of Common Pleas of Meigs
County, will offer for sale, at the door of the
Courthouse in Pomeroy, at 10 o'clock A. NJ,
On the 17th day Of September,
the following described lands and tenements,
to wit: Lot No 1s, situate in Mmersville SUIT
ton township, Meigs County, Ohio; to be sold
as the property of William Newell, at the. suit
of Sarah Newell; appraised at S6OO.OO. Terms
of sale, cash. J.J. WHITE, S. NJ. C.
Aug Is, 1S6O.-33-5t 15O
Pomeroy weekly telegraph. [volume] (Pomeroy, Meigs County, Ohio) 1860-1866, 1860-08-28

B9T"Ma, I'm going to make soft soap
for the fair this fall, said beautiful
Miss of seventeen, to her mother, the
other day. "What put that queer no.
ton into your head, Sally?" "Why,
ma, the premium is just what I've
been wanting" t'Pray, what it is
that?'' can 'Ohio Farmer, and 1 hope
he will be good looking one" t" The
mother was silent.
Pomeroy weekly telegraph. [volume] (Pomeroy, Meigs County, Ohio) 1860-1866, 1860-08-28

na- Five cattle recently died in Iowa,
of pleuro pneumonia. 1t is feared that
this fatal disorder is introduced into
that State so effectually as to involve
serious loss.
Pomeroy weekly telegraph. [volume] (Pomeroy, Meigs County, Ohio) 1860-1866, 1860-08-28
educational.
FRA NKLlN INSTITUTE
HARTFORD CITY, MASON Co..yA.

HARTFORD CITY, MASON CO., VA.
TTNhis Institute has been successfully commenced
l. under the patronage of the Hartford City Coal,
M lining & Manufacturing Company, for the benefit
of FARMERS and MECHANICS sons and daughters.
where they may receive the advantages of superior
EDUCATION :owhat has hitherto been offered them
in Common Schools, at charges sufficiently low for
all to embrace complete Academical Education.
II is entering its second session, and is de-
Iighifuly situated ON gently slopng sandy emf
nence, overlooking the river Ohio, and only short
distance from the Steamboat Landing. The School
Room and Teachers Residence is held in that spa
cious building formerly known the Brethren
Church.
The room contains 1900 spare feet, and is replet
with every suitable convenience.
The heating and lighting apparatus is perfect;
having four large stoves, and 2a0 feet of window
light and being elevated l6 feet above the road
way, making it the most desrable healthy situation
imaginable.
There is also Library and Reading Department
attached, for the of students, containing many
excellent standard works, with monthly and eekly
periodicals. to suit the desire of all parties and it
intended hereafter, to add Piano Forte, for the
Ladies, ACCOMPANYING to the City Brass Band,
now in full operation every evening.
The School Is conducted by the Princlpal aided by
ASSISTANTS, male and female.
The male pupils are taught every branch of learn
ing necessary for their future advantage, making
them earable of entering on all such duties may
hereafter offer for their veal.
The female department are also taught every nee
essary accomplishment, with plain and fancy needle
work in addition to sound scholastic course.
Hours of attendance, to 70; and to ), for YOUTH
and 6 u 10 Q, for adults.
hus may the children of the above receive as lib
eral an education in aristocratic institutions whose
charges exclude many a naturally talented child
from obtaining the assistance necessary to develop
its intellect.
Terms per session of 8 months, 50 so each.
A limited number of boarders taken at a small
charge.
References may be had to parents, of pupils, either
in Ohio, West Columbia, Mason City or this place,
on application to the Principal, at the Institute.
SAMUEL B. SAUNDERS, Preceptor.
Pomeroy weekly telegraph. [volume] (Pomeroy, Meigs County, Ohio) 1860-1866, 1860-08-28
M AN HOOD,
HOW LOST. HOW RESTORED.

Just Published, IN q Sealed Enrelope,
A LECTURE on the nature, treatment and radi-
IA cal cure of Spermatorrhoea, Seminal Weak
ness, Sexual Debility, Nervousness and Involuntary
Emissions producing Impotency, Consumption and
Mental and Physical Debility.
BY ROB. J. CULVERWELL, NJ. D.,
The important fact that the awful consequences of
selfabuse may be effectually removed without inter-
nal medicines or the dangerous applications of eau
pirical devices, is here clearly demonstrated, and
the entirely new and highly successful treatment,
adopted by the celebrates a9ther, fnily explained
self perfectly and at the least possible COST thereby
avoiding all the advertised nostrums of the day
This Lecture will prove boon to thousands and
thouands.
Sent under seal to any address, post paid. on the
receipt postage by addressing Dr. SH
Box 1856. may l. '60--17-1yi
Pomeroy weekly telegraph. [volume] (Pomeroy, Meigs County, Ohio) 1860-1866, 1860-08-28
S A N F o RD'S
Liver tNVtcoRAT0R,

IN L ~ L
TITS COMPOUNDED ENTIRELY FROM GUNS
i and has become an Gsta blished fact, Standard
Medicine, known anu ap proved by all thai
have used it. and is now resorted to with con-
fdenee in all the diseases >, for which it is recon-
mended.
1t has cured thousands O within the last two
years who had given up : all hopes of relief, as
the numerous unsolicited r certifcatesin my pos
session show. -,
The dose must be adapt 2 ed to the tempera
ment of the individual q taking it, and used III
such quantities to act IA gently on the Bowels
Let the dictates of your W judgment guide you
in the Cf the Liver Il Invigorator, and il
will cure Liver Com p plants, Dropsy, Sou
Stomach, Chronic Diar- a rhoea, Bilious At
tacks, Dyspepsia. Sum- 4 ner Complaints, ,Dys
entery, Habitual COstive- "a ness, Cholic, Cholera
Cholera Morbus, Cholera ;, Infantum, Jaundice
Female W e a ne 8 S s, n Fatuence, and may
be used successfully as an O Ordi ary nj / J
Medicine. 1t will cure 4 Sick Headache, las
thousands can testify,) in = twenty minutes, il
two three Teaspoon = fuls are taken at the
commencement of an at u tack.
All who use it Civ n ing their testimony
i'll its favor.
Mix water in the mouth with the Inyisorator, and
swallow both together.
Price-One Dollar per Bottle.
Pomeroy weekly telegraph. [volume] (Pomeroy, Meigs County, Ohio) 1860-1866, 1860-08-28
cATAMEutAt coRREcTog,

Which has failed to effect a cure when prop
erly used according to the directions, and fair
trial given it.
It is prepared from the recipe, and under the per-
sonal supervision of most Skilful Physician, who.
for number of years confined its to his private
practice. For the few that 1t has been before
the public it has gained for itself position that wilt
soon, by its rapid increase of popularity, place it
tbe head of all remedies heretofore offered for
WOmen's diseases. The more especially those
above enumerated, which too often end in
CONSUMPTION.
For sale by most respectable Druggists through
out the Union and CaDadas.
Frice, B1.So per Bottle
n. B.-When it happens that your Druggist has
not the article, the money be remtted direct to
US, and if two or more bottles ordered at one
time, the medicine will be sent free of charge for
transportation.
Particular directions as to use, &C., accompanying
each bottle.
Druggists can be supplied direct from our Lseoras-
tory, or by sending their orders to
BARNES & PARK, New York. r. C. WELLS e.
Co., New York. s. B. HANCE, Baltimore, Md
DYOTr'S, Philadelphia, Pa. J. WRIGHT & Co..,
New Orleans, La. JOHN D. PARK, Cincinnati, o..
H. H. HAYS, Portland, Me-.
Or to any respectable Wholesale Druggists in New,
York or Philadelphia. Circular, with Trade Prices
&C., for the Corrector, and our other medicines
sent free Wholesale Buyers
No Medicine placed on Commission.
j ID. i. DE NYSE.
General Agent for the United States and Cana adas
20 ANN ST., New York.
july 10, 6O,-27-Iy
Pomeroy weekly telegraph. [volume] (Pomeroy, Meigs County, Ohio) 1860-1866, 1860-08-28

HAIR RESTORATIVE.
Tn proof of the above assertion read the following
testimony from distinguished persons from all
parts of the country.
Hon. SOLOMON MANN, Ann Arbor, Mich, says his
wife, whose hair had become very thin, and entirely
white restored to it's original brown color, and
thickened and become beautiful and glossy upon
and entirely over, the head. Others of my family
and friends are using your Restorative with the hap
piest effects.
Hon. JUDGE BREEsE, Ex-senator of Illinois, says my
hair was prematurey gray, but by the use of Woods
Restorative, 1t has resumed its original color, and
have no doubt permanently so.
Hon. H. L. STEWART, says my hair was very gray,
but after using two bottes it restored it to its orgi-
Rev. j. BRAGG, Brookfeld, Mass, says 1t has re-
moved from my head Inflammation, dandruf, and a
constant tendency to itching, and restored my hair,
which was gray, to its original color.
]. w. DAVIDSON, Monmouth, H., says my hair was
twothirds gray, or rather white butt by the appli-
cation of the Restorative as directed. 1t has resumed
its original color.
DIR. 6. WALLIS, Chicago, says, after using great
bottle of your Hair Restorative, which has cured a
humor in my head of two years. standing.
BENJAMIN LoNGRIDGE, 954 Seventh Avenue, New
York, says, having lost my hair by the effects of the
Eryspeas when it began to grow, instead Of black,
as heretofore, it was well mixed with gray. Having
tried many preparations restore the color without
effect, induced to try yours and in spite of all
my doubts it has had the desired effect.
have used your Restorative and find it all it is rec
commended to be. have tried it for letter and find
it certain cure.
recommends it in his practice as the best prepara-
tion for the hair now in use.
EDWARD WALcoTT says, three months ago my ha
was very gray; l. is dark brown, the original
color, smooth and glossy, all by the of Woods
Restorative.
WILSON KING says, one months proper application
will restore any persons hair to its original color
and texture.
J. D. HOES says, few applications fastened my hair
firmly, it began to grow out and turn black, Its orig
inal color.
BETsEY SMITH, Northeast Pennsylvania, says that
her hair had, for number of years. been perfectly
white, but now it is restored to its youthful coior
soft and glossy.
DR.. J. W. BoND, St. Paul, says that his hair is
strong thick, and black, although short time since
he was both bald and gray. The people here saw
its effects and have confidence in it.
NORRIS COSTING, N. D., ST., Louis, says that after
trying many other preparations, ali to no effect, he
used two bottles, which covered his head with new
and vigorous growth hair and invites all to come
and see it.
SARAH j. Brown says her hair was rot only gray,
but thin she feared its entire ossbu after using
two bottles has restored both the color and growth
Prepared by o j. WOOD & CO., ia Market street,
Saint Louis, and 312 Broadway, New York, and sold
by all Druggists and Patent Medicine Dealers; also,
by all Fancy and Toilet Goods Dealers in the United
states and Canada. Aug. z, 1S60.-31-3m1
Pomeroy weekly telegraph. [volume] (Pomeroy, Meigs County, Ohio) 1860-1866, 1860-08-28
Sherif,s Sale.

Sheriff's Sale.
j.. H. Moore VS.. John Dennis and Martha Dennis.
Dy virtue of an order of sale to me directed
ID from the Court of Common Pleas of Meigs
county, I will offer for sale, at the door of
the Courthouse in Pomeroy, at 10 o'clock A. NJ,
On the 9Th day Of September, 1860,
the following described lands and tenements,
to wit Seventy-fve feet off the north end of
the following tract of land: part of lot sold
by Lewis S. Nye to Norman S. Davis bounded
as follows: beginning at a stake fifty feet north
of the east and west line of section eight, town
two, range thirteen of the Ohio Company's
Purchase; thence north 225 feet; thence east
100 feet; thence south 225 feet; thence west to
the place of beginning; to be sold as the prop
erty of John Dennis and Martha Dennis, at the
suit of D. H. Moore. Appraised at $1,000.
Terms of sale, cash. J. J. WHITE, S. NJ. c.
July 20, 1s60.-29-6t 800
Pomeroy weekly telegraph. [volume] (Pomeroy, Meigs County, Ohio) 1860-1866, 1860-08-28
MIR. P. DRUMMER
Notice to Salt Manufacturers

TNHE subscriber, from long experience in
i the business, would inform salt manufac-
turers that he is prepared to make Anger JOINTS
Boring Tools, sc. [10-6ml F. E. HUMPHREY
Pomeroy weekly telegraph. [volume] (Pomeroy, Meigs County, Ohio) 1860-1866, 1860-08-28

BgThere is no man who would not
be mortified if he knew what his friends
thong hit of him.
Pomeroy weekly telegraph. [volume] (Pomeroy, Meigs County, Ohio) 1860-1866, 1860-08-28

9Tom-aWhat ails your eye, Joe?''
Joel told man he lied"
Pomeroy weekly telegraph. [volume] (Pomeroy, Meigs County, Ohio) 1860-1866, 1860-08-28

p@It is sweet sometimes to abuse
ones relations, but bitter to hear them
abused by others. -.aaa.s