The New York herald., 1860-12-08

oes.psem,.. n-..orss, Past aad Present.
The c"i.-,nution q, the United States iseIt is
eon'p'omisr Il ~ss only by compromise, as
Washington uhserv.d. that the present Union
VIZ estah'ishrd. ami u was only by compro.
Esr that II has ne-n ever saved when iu
Danger from sec,o, u ttrife 1t Ia only by
compr' m'e- rha, ,re'c is any chance Of saving
~ now III me greatest peril that has yet encom-
pas,eG IT,
Al The sericns o,m~s'ic troubles that have
ever sI's.D IL this country sncs the forma-
'i"b 81 is.irdep-r dent government have pro-
c@edso IT, m the Modelling Of the North with
the avery question. contrary to the compro.
unts OF The con.niusion. and trom the at
rmp's mace 10 protect the interests os North
err manufacturers out ot ths pockets of the
i.ople Of the Sou hIrR States Upon three
oecs.iops before the present one the Union
ees nros lh, "a the verge Of dissolution; bat
on eacn II war saved by compromise, and In
each 'netance Henry Clay was th- master s2'rt
~ho ,"o-sd ,h- Gnrdisu Knot, aut restored the
,oet .qu'uorim tie restored it by tho Mis-
souf ,ompr, m'-- 1920 when the Union
@'tr III extreme na,Re'; and ne restored 1t In
1882. wneD he p.ollc tranquility was
~sa,u dlsiuihtd "y federal Injustice to
Ia South. Ii was not the slavery ques-
tiou then but ii h,xb tariff, protecting the
E"rh u the ea,snr OF the South. and Great
're n Dang. rurp,us fund 10 the treasury
couth Csr"iiua ben the foremost in resist
ug tie wroog. as sh- Is now; nor VAS 1t the
rolute VIII aud the strong arm Of Andrew j acK-
sou tDas arrested the evil at that time Is 10
.eneIn'ly enpp,.,d 1t was again q compro
mise measure proposed by Henry Clay. South
Carolina mad pas.-a ordineoce Of nulhd,A-
ron, tut, on tue ls,tn ~ the conc,,iatory msa-
-ne to os Introduced by Mr. Clay, postponed
me time tar carrying oer ordinance into effect
i,om the 1t 81 F.oIuary till after the adjourn.
n,-nt of C"ng,~es GU ,he 4th OF March. A blu
was ca,rno ~ Congress to coerce South Caro-
Ina, auo he PRECEDENT G-n-rai Jackson. be-
sio.s ..poilt down General SCOTT and ship
Of ~sr To Charleston, issn-d q proclamation
eau jou,ng tbe south Caro- mi ANS against trea-
sou. auo o-ciafing that he would carry out the
,oa- of Gorei--s al all bsz .rns. This Was re-
sp"ro-n 20 ~ u counter proclamation of the
Governor o, tne State, ana y collision appeared
in.v,iabs
Bu' nsun,'ms Joha G. Ca'houn's bold stand
ara powerful argument in the United States
81 nate hso made deep impression on Con.
gees ara the country In favor of the rights Of
the South. lie maintained that the people of
tbs b. v~rai S'ars Composing these United
States are uni'-d as parties e. o constitutional
cvD pac,. ~ which tt- people o. each Safe &C
cedec separate aud sovereign community,
each h,roipg Itself by is own particular rata
cation, that the Union of which the said COM
pact Ia th- bond Is q union b.tweeu the States
ss,iyin. the same; and that, Ia all other cases
ii compact smopg sovereign parties, without
sts c,nmon juoge, each has an equal right to
ludge for itself, "a ~-,i Of tbe infraction as Of
ne ncd- and measure at redress. Mr.. Calhoun
-,,s ali ed the poei',ou o. his State by quoting
n. Virginia resolutions, Maa,son's report and
the X, Dtucky rsoiu,ious-whlcn latter were
a.. n discovered ,or the first time to have bsen
Drawn up by Mr. j. fer son his grandson having
..to aucsd tha manuscript oi thu rough draught
10 prove it. The K-ntucky resolutions declared
mat where powers are assumed ny the general
government which nave not o--n delegated,
n nui,ihcation oi the act Is tns rightful
remedy tnat every State has natural right
to-" Mr.. Webster was the Champion of re
opposite principle, But 60 successful was Cal
boun iu establishing the great point at issue,
thu, he constitution is compact bet xeen the
sfa'.s hat even the North Amertcaa Quarterly
-. at
the advocate Of ,h- vrineipies OF Mr.. Webster,
admitted that Nc Calhoun had been victorious
IL maintaining his ground on that point OF
coufrr he doctsiDsv necessarily followed OF
nu,nhes, ion, secession aod all
Mr.. Cis,. In order " restore harmony, now
threw overheard o~n fsvori.~ sy stem, aud
offered oui vh,cc .as a surrender of the pro-
tec,,ve prpc,p'-. ana estsblished y gradual re-
duction o. the duuss on all projected articles,
whch we're to .e:miuat- wholly IN 1912, WHEN
no ouiy above 20 per cent adv aiorem should
be laid; aud ~ 10 articles not simI'ar to those
manufactured Ia The country, there WA an I'm
mediate repeal Of toe duiies. In oraer to save
The manufacturers from ruin, CsIhoua ccspted
The compromise, the bill WAS passed which
was sfter~ ards known as the Compromise
sct peace and harmony were restored,
and South Carolina die not carry ont her ordi-
nance. but repealed l, on the lin of March.
Such was the effect Of compromise aud the
spirit Of couciliation.
Again, in 1850, Sbsu the slavery question In
connection with he admission Of Territories
threatened TO hsrak up the Uniou, Henry
Clay proposed series Of compron'-s mes-
sur~s, including the Fugitive Slave Law, which
Gained the agitation til, In 1854, the Missouri
compromise measure was repealed under the
auspices Of Pierce and Douglas, and the slave
~ qusr,ion was rsopened with iuores--d viru-
lencs, and the present republican p.r,y was
estseli bed for the purpose Of ov-rtncosiug
slavery, one OF the mos, promineut ne ,su,-s 10