, 1860-02-20
THE FARM AND GARDEN.


N1f10NREt nTfnnu1nr /
~ sont,, 49, A.. In ~ tac-a.. ,v.s....p.;1
80 Seu'a 10 VIC "ne " 1"c oseat "cs'e'n t'a'a-
oad OF Illinois. 10 great extent, the culture
# Winter Wheat Las been abandoned in the
,,,o +,uu;t.~,- -. ,,,,,..c.o,,. NUT.
'@s - "op' oA.ap'e' LUIS st"'n ".
1Sn1s III teasJ clay' or clay loan1, but "lll mol
hrive on sandy or dark Ioamy soils, especially |
Il the latter prove rather moist. In lie early
.,.ttt,n,rrt ,f ,,,o corn,~,, 49, w..
'~''teD'4' - tAe e'u".''' '"'s et'P was iooAc"
upon rs Tery uncertain, md as whole, an"
profitable; but further experience has demon
stratcd that tbc fanlt lar 1n,;r,r n ;o,or,cre
~ -, N''A' :"
time Of sowing.
or p1ow1sc 4xn +,,s so,,
49, "0'"'
ih's must Ut oonc IN Tue autumn' Tor 1t Is
useless to SOW on spring plowed land, as the
chances arc two to one against SUCCESS. plow
- 'A- A.A" 40
NOT very fo"ns' taro" II INTO nafro" lands,
say twenty feet wide, with deep, dead furrow
n cor,r or thc ,ratcr n. II ia ohso,,,a,. ,.r,s-
.a.r ~, a. s,.f,., ,~.,n. :. ..,:.,.,. .s-:.,
sals ton' 'ne s"''aee "a'ee Is quickly carried
OF, us few hours By Standing it will seriously
eo5s the ysgns PLANTS If these dssd aEroS;
have the piow passed once or t,sice dong them.
:'tter tTe M narrowing is comnlxted TIE Ant s;ds
coating Of The stray il cotnnosed If sond an5
nntash combined or what chemists f]enom;nnte
sil;cate Of potasli or liquid Qlass: this il conn.
mon to all i4e cereals andrrasses. In our clur
loans there is about serenty-tive per cent. Of
sand or siIex. and less than one ner cert Of
potash. Had not nature made q wise nro.
vision for the preservation of the sub
stanre "a inportaut 10 tEe wheat cron
this small supIly would seon become es.
hausted and whcat growing would prove a per.
fcct taiIure. Potash mus1 lie e.nosei,to a;rnnd
mo;sture il, order to disintepratt or i,so;re ;,s
narticles. that it mar in turn form n nav rom.
hination with the siler to SUNNY The oi,ts;dc
COATING of tbe straw in nrer Is e1;va II ~" 10.
fired Strength to stand up. THIS disinteqra.
lion Of pota h Is a slow process ever in snm.
mer. and hence the value Of summer faliov for
w1ntcr wheat. When land is plowed in the
spring, the potash which has become dissolved
during tue winter exposure being buried By the
plow beyond the reach OF atmospheric influence
to any extent, soon becomes fft1 aud requires
re exposure to again dissolve it. Thus 10 all
practical intents the spring plowed land is de-
priyed ofits potash to that extent that the crop
supply is deficient. Oats requiring less Of pot
ash, will produce fair crop, yet not as good as
| on fall plowed lund. Corn also requiring an
| abundant surply to coat its immense
stalks, but for the continued summer
faiIow consequent on its culture, would
| also languish. The narrowing of Winter
| wheat in SPRING or OF Spring wheat few inches
! high, after beavy rims huve beaten down the
soil and encrustcd the surface, is Of great value
in drtdting the soil, in order to increase the sup.
dissintcgrated, which, otherwise. from cuttin. Oh
Tic supply Of air by this thin clay inceustation
would soon be bevoud the power of the Young
routlets to absorb. it. EverT Intelligent farmer
will thus see that Autumn rlnwipp Is in accord,
unce with nature. assisting her procesSes iu 1l,t
*F3s
| IN tie uptuY6*d furroM7, and crumb1es dowl
and disiniegrutes its elements Of fertility; aut
to farm successfully We must study and observe
| the natural laws or our labor is thrown away.
We hare thus explained the muin reason fol
Fall blowing as q general thing; we will mex
consider tue effect Of
THE pnrcru1sc cnop.
uy.a,. - -, *. a~-o,ts .s''.,:..a ~ a., ,.-..
Nnsa.' ~ a'' tAe se, I'S. requires t1e taIgeS
amount ol POTASH, anu nenee tnat crop that "l'
,eta'n 'ae a'se:t a"at.tS IN JTfe stete IS 1h'
pess 70 pfeeeae II. ihus me crop OF corh'
potatoes' OF oeans anu 9. 1oots or green crops
~ 'nss ase aelnea; ~ tue cutnIs leIu1teo an'
lI,Jn ,ne duaa1 y. pas o. '1s ~ susaee, ar.
wheat cr;,n. So ul.o of n ciover or timnth,
meadow, which always retaining The free potasf
near the surface arc Of no small value, and whel
our farmers resume the culture Of winter wheat
which they will at no distant day, it will bc OF
uuderdraincd meadow land turned over in -iu
gust aud sown Immediately after,
If the corn crop has been well cultivated it i:
Of little consequence whether the land i, agai,
plowed before sowing OF not, SO far US regard
The yield. provided that the seed is thorough,
narrowed in. When the corn is huskcd earl,
IN the fafi, the entire crop Of stalks caa b,
p'owcd uudcr by applying our .rttd-hoot 10 til,
plav-beam, and they will rot he in the way
the harrow, when sowing in the spring. Th.
stalks thus p'owed 9nder VIII serve to dram tl'
soil aud to Keep up its fertility by returning Il
tue soil tile whole amount Of potash drawn IRON
it By the preceding crop. Potatoes, beans ant
green crops have tile elect Of summer tullpv
without absorbing the potash, hence the luxu
RANT growth Of spring wheat after all thcs'
crops; but these crops arc often put upon III
black loan,y soils, and in such cases the growtl
nf straw is increased aud tic grain is offer
attention, ny valuable to rreeede whcat. 4
present 50 little IS grown as hardly TO be wort!
noticing, but we have reason to know tina
a. n.us IS ,.,..;, no1 eteetag t over nc zoe:
y. naA "a ~. p.t ~ s'o"iy set sure
le ls';ee3 :. s.s pa.sess tnat sna!i ere ION:
tH"ee ~ "'44oHs 'ae Il i4'A'Pos VI 'He aGe.
| WHEN TO sow.
This will denend much nm tho 1at:tnda M,
the season. IA ccnern1 r,,1c for tl,is S,ats
We would saw Us soon after the first of March a.
| thc ,rc,thar will uarm;t ~, wn,,id ~. ,..a;
for the frost to rei out and the land to sc,,1,
hut 50 SOON as lie ton wns sufficiently tL.wn,
IN l,nrrow wcti would INIT m tle Sod IN ,,,,,,a n
il sudden freeze shdu!d close nm thr rroun,
for fortnight aficr: II the land ~ well t|ran.,
the seed will not 70, is well covered in. In so,y
inc thus early. tie 1rouud viii l,c f,r = i'm,
time encrns.ed with frost in thr morn;ur. !,
ill.,. meantime tI,e wheat viii con,e IN anT ri,
extend its roots reudy for v;soroms IT Dart ,yha'
tle warm Anril showers shn,I iii On II .ro
hoTro,v,,,,. tha rrou,,,I s1,u,li Ia roiioI s ~
cr,,sf, ali the Eiois. The n;..h, fIsc1;ntr 49,
no1n;nr thnw;nv nroce.< vii n,,1v..;-. ~ s',r Hu
facc AMI enye II IN fine .th ia nnrs III, ~, !,
oncn to heat md mir mn t}r 1ense so;,c., n,
st;mn1a+eI viii amn,hcr out In ,r< az I'D ~,
wheat cron w;,1 mononot;,e ia so;l Ths 1,n,
brine Will drained ihc h.arv snr;no r,;ns ~; ~;
soon mass OF and leave tie soil in fsood % cond
tion, and as the luxuriant growth viii coYer II,
| sn;t and nfpyeut eyanorati0n Il lonr copt;rro
lrouth would have little power to check it
growth.
ENEMIES AND DRAW pAcKs.
Amonv those arm xvecds oa,s coct1a ,r;,
mrst,1d RE, smnt the rh;nrl- h,1 an1 o.ha
;nsects Thn w.ada ,va hnva o1rniTr J;sno@o
r. in ii,c course az culi,re rscomn,cr1sJ
Tbn o,ta shontd In .r,sho5 nv. ~ ...,,. j.
sr,m mt in hr;rn noda sn,1;c;an,lr strar'- !.
lat m an,s ,ftsr ha;n, n,,+ IN iasIass h..Is :
drain. mix viii, The vel damn Wheat = s,nnl
whiten the grain this will prevent any smu
on the crop uud need not he repeated ever
year. Cookie aud wild mustard must he dt