The Pacific commercial advertiser. [volume] (Honolulu, Hawaiian Islands) 1856-1888, 1860-03-22

eminent on earth- The -zaI-inderenteu rsre=
retain much pJEer in their ov.n fefs. Ehie Il
interest Of each IN the politics Of the whole en-
pare ; made sale y tie --nse VI security from ~
t-eks ~ his ~neighbor=- o. OF absorption by T..
SAT
Ta= erles: monarch dats 3. e CO... and ther,
nave r-en 10 -5T-reiZu- Cp - TIE V-=-lI one
who b@z4n % reign in lsj -Jme Jf them haT.
BEEN females His court ! 90 Niy4k1. "a wlr-
which mans th- capital ike kIEg - "a IN Car
E=-e) a large city near the enter Cf NiTr.u.
a1.=t forty miles from Oh1sakG- He sre-a-5-I
a. tEe 1s-~c111r q -ns >uu-G-E1~- -L1L.a E=
dos uJt 4r-1-2-s such iEJLarrJu= tItl- - -
eour.e- - PekIng. h common till 1-=
zsoc7- o term aualc-lls 2 IL- l-i %: ta=
wo-l1- lCt ea5T- wHi1loJrr@pClC . or w1rI
curt He = Cf;ea called the spiritual en-
Ts-1-- 70 distinction from the si1E3Lu- whJ L4-
r%1 styled lls temporal smper1r- bat both tL-
tEn= convey srr0us1us E1@s. when I'D IL this
cJar-eti0n.
l. The e= u The J~4pl1==. though his power
Is r-1Ccsd - = cyph=E- b= = szll t1eir enter.
G-JErs. and his sanction = nsc=-4ry = l=zl.-ze
Certain acts n religion etiquette and Secession
Ills CCrr = now me ABIDE q e large nuZi-- u
.--A- o1cs-z- VIII pursuits are u . At=rz-v
ch2rars=r- and give al ar Of Tsluem=ut - Ih=.r
-lc1etT- The 4FU aEd manufacture az e4--i-i
o = high de- q sx-elI-nce II this region. and
E-Hy zrtiel- ars d-e-ib-d - q Aivak1 w--k .
sao~ tl=lr slperilrity. even though Tie. nay nj
= actually made rhs-s- The -.1-1Eu h. Lis
agent - tie city. and Ihe mikado al-5 md .
ye--.y enEcy = Yalio n return f- The SINE
compliment Tai4 . him.
The 0Eas # Agy0zE in Chinese iaaly kan.
q commander N chI=f.) was known N Gurl=nr
l1s- an Il IL duties e5rTepoId-1 . The mare
az pins 1f the early French kings. but i VS.
N 2-D- l2,J. thar IOri-5no. then holding the
o1c=- made LiLz-lt independent u the emperor.
= PepIn H=ristei had done In Paris SIX cautU-
10 previously and established Lis court a. 1aido.
This tits l. still retained, bit the mora common
apIellatIOrs are c4S1--Gz4d- which means Lord
Q: -h= Palace, and fesha-egHG- OF Lord q the
Emplre- II The treaties lately negotiated ne i
called IGgJLH. Or Tycoon, J. q Great Ruler. al
appeliati1n which nav b Of recent oriyin.
The power and titles Of .he siogour became
hereditary IL the family Of YOritom0. and the
inference Of the mikaI0 gradually diminished
during the next three hundred years. In the lat
teT part Of thc 10th century. a nan. known after
wards a. IalkOsama, arUSe, who by his talents
and proves overthrow the family q YoritJmO.
completely sGbdulng al opposition u the empe-
r0r and the primes, and engrussed the sovereignty
IN his own Tersgn, though he allowed them 70
retain their titles and feis. He consolidated MS
power in 1903, but was unable 70 b-quearh Il 70
ms son. for his cOadJGt0r and intimate friend.
lyeyasu. whom he made guardian Of this youth,
usGrped the station, and founded the present
family Of The siOgOun, taking The titleOf G0ngin.
18th hIn the present. system u government CON-
meneed, and in its prominent features has been
maintained 10 the prsert day though by reason
Of the inherent weakness Of hereditary power
dependant entirely on personal character. much
Of The real authority has slipped away from the
hands Of The siogoun into the grasp of hEs c0un-
ell, and he Il now little more than 4 function in
the State, like tie mikado, an gfgy rather than
q reality.
This cornell IS COMPOSED Of thirteen members,
five OF whom are chief ministers. and eight Of SEC
ondary rank. AT the formation Of the council.
IL 1903, thev consisted Of the friends Of TaikO-
ana and 70 1Ty-f-- hos zTuea ra-nafueN IN -lsfr
families 10 this We -e = resemblance 10 the
council which Darius Hystaspes formed Of his
friends: but in the functions and power Of the
council, there IA perhaps more similar
Ity 70 the Venetian senate IL has q president
carries on the government while ne holds
post he : responsible 70 the council for his
acts. AID for carving out ls orders Ii peTPe-
tuates Itself,-a feature an It's organization which
accounts for the energy, and partly for the equity
% Is cOur@ during the last two centuries. The
members have each a department. whose duties
are performed according 70 q prescribed code
Laws are enacted or changed by the Council.
and The result submitted 70 the siOgOun. who Ike
the king or queen Of England, IN most CASES rati-
fss the decisions Of the councillors If. however,
he yetOss their enactments. the question l. not
sent hack u them nor IL 1t dropped, but i re-
70 his three nearest relations. one Of whom
: the heir apparent If they sustain him, the
councillors must resign in disgrace or commit
suicide which = supposed - save their charac-
from disgrace. # they disagree with him, he
lbdicate= his sat. and, report says sometimes
puts an end q himself
The princes. commonly called fonO-sQHG. differ
IN th=Ir rank and power, and have little author
~ OUT Of their Owl priBcipalities. Those #
naEa and >dtsuma az now among the most pow
srtul. but al e them were - reduced IN loco by
TaikO-samz. Shat they have never since attempted
= throw OF the control Of the siOzoGn. nor j.
made Of any internal broils resulting in
actual hOstIIiti=- They were then obliged T.
70 IN order u spend half the year 81
ieddJ. and the periods were - arranged that
-daeenf urIneiyaHties seldom enjoyed the pres
nee 0f their own rulers a. the same time. The
system u surveillance i in force IN all these
petty palatinates. (as they might also be called.)
md the s.0g5un has alsO his own spies, who in
ONE of them are exposed - risk IN exercising
heir functions. In Satsurna IL l. said u BE not
--rv safe q BE- IN imperial spy
There are eight hereditary CLASSES recognized in
Iaranese society. three Of them can wear swords.
siz the das-E..S and Scl-HiO. who are the primes:
he hmm OF the noblemen and the s0norGI OF
military men Tbose who are called princes. IN
ne treaties. are merely E111. Cr titGlar noble
raiI to that honor 10y the siogoun or enti-
led 70 il BY birth, and having no territory
Judging by the characters used FOR their titles,
he term marquis, e = guardian OF the marches
much nearer 70 the rank than PTTuoe. which
asst appeliati0n corresponds better 70 the meaning
f sGnaa-
The priests. gentry, merchants. artisans, and
erf-. Constitute the remaining CLASSES. except
anuers. who are regarded o. outeasts. and obliged
o live On the outskirts Of towns. The principle
hereditarv descent runs through Japanese 50
iety more completely perhaps than IN any other
Trough not - the extent, probably,
Shich has BEEN stated, viz that no man can ever
any other occupation than that Of his an
StOrs-
The dress Of the J~apane~s Of both sexes l. very
inple. consisting chiefly Of long rob@ like night
owns. worn one over the other. In summer the
lbJring men 70 Is nearly naked 81 deeency per
liz. and the women generally uncovered down
D the waist. The material of apparel i usually
Jtt0r, the rich wear Grape and other silk sJ-ae
Z them Of very fine texture The men shave me
Do Of Their heads almost daily. tying the hair IN
n crown into a queue. an inch OF two long