The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1860-01-30
HERALD MONDAY JANUARY 80 18eo-rRIPLE SHEET

The laws Uste under T. nsi tigns or supposed
iishs OF All ehauo b. wbols national
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q tbs s' s s Ic, w ~ .Is ssp
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winch our seowsos and feel ngs may be violated yss
& s ns S o M sTsa ss
wesh we az Sse y u 50 ne p.rsalar more coogeni.
state integral part OF the Union
Chief Justice Jonathan Robinson spoke rs follows
concur fully In opinion with the judge shall
AWAY rsssee The constitution snd laws Of the tnion and
render p,op !, them fully Sc .sibls that While
preudces q the citizens OF sections Of the Gaon the
same Constitution and law contain ao which
ins as
US See Tysrs Rep iss Sej '.' ''.' N'A :" ''' :"
AS long as the States continued to be governed their
relations to the federal and 10 each other by
the wise and patriotic spirit which dictated these opinions
none but the most feelings could exist between
them UP 70 this period, therefore, disposition was
IN ANY quarter to ropudate tho guarantees Of
The acquisition Of Louisiana and Florida embracing
large extent territory adapted to slave labor gave rise
TO some uneasness in the Northern mind In regard to the
future of the slave States IN the national ooun
ellis This upcasiness continued until 1920,
when developed itself practically by attempt to I'm
pose restrictions tho State OF Missouri conditions pro-
cedent to her admission uto the Union. II 10 but just
however, to state that the struggle this question
o se nG growing pca u The sssSssSS
States. Tho contest in regard to the terms on
which Missouri should be admitted created deem fsei
ing throughout the Union. II was tho first occasion
on which parties were arraycd according to geo.
graphical divisions, and II was at once perceived that
contest OF that character was aught with danger tho
harmony and permanency Of the Union Fortunately,
however the race Of revolutionary patriots then
extinct and the noble band Of statesmen who had been
called into the public councils by the war OF 1872 s,l
exercised commanding influence In the halls Of Congress
and in the cabinet Of the Executive Under the auspices
of these distinguished men, the restrictions the State
OF Missouri defeated, and line Of partition was
States along the parallel Of So deg SO min to our west
ern frontier, With an enactment that slavery to be
pr9hiped IN M territory north OF thai line and permit
rangement secured an outlet for the expanding population
OF both secons and the two systems of civilization and
labor were left to progress westward side by side, with
out interference with each other
Under this compromise supposed that all of
controversy arising out OF the irritating subject slavery
would be banshed from the halls OF federal legislation
But in few years nconsderablc band of fanatics in
stgated by spirit besieged the two houses
OF Congress with petitions 70 abolish slavery in the Dis
trict OF Columbia and TO prohibit the slave trade between
the States The elect or these petitions was to create
much irritation and i'll feeling between different parts Of
| the Union.
Such was the aspect of the slavery question in 1891
when Texas, which had recently established her indie
pendence after gallant struggle with Mexico, sought ad
mission into our Union There was great diversity of
opinion among the people Of the United States
Northern and Southern States to the policy ofrecevng
her into conederacy Animated discussions ensued
fnaiy, absorbing the Interest which felt in
hat became an important element in the Presidential
election James Polk was the representative OF those
favorable to admission, and Henry Clay opposed
TO it, On this great issue the parties before the
country, NclUct PUBIC OPINION favor OF
the admission of Texas a slave State and with spua.
ton in the form OF an rrevccable compact that future
day four States might be carved out of her vast
Territory as The convenience Of her advancing population
might require The Northern slavehoding States
which thus voted to enlarge the area of slavery were
Indiana, Illinois and Michigan, giving l03 electoral votes
The slave States voting with them were Virginia South
Carolina, Georgia. Alabama, Mississippi, louisiana Mis-
souri, and ArkaDsas-sixty seven electoral votes.
This vast addition to the slave territory of tho United
States was therefore emphaticay approved by the con-
curing votes oil saveh0dDR and nsaveholdng States
social political aspect necessarily attaches itself TO
them in common with those Southern States which voted
with them.
The admission OF Texas followed by the war
with Mexico, which, after series OF brilliant victories
resulted the subugaon Of her capital and the ratlca
ton of the treaty of Guadaoupe H,lago by which she
coded the United States Upper California New Mexico
and other territory west Of ancient frontier. The
settled and Immediately after tho ratification of The treaty
OF peace animated struggle on this question arose in
the two branches of Congress- "
The South promptly proposed compromise by which
the line Of partition along the parallel OF thirty degrees
thirty minutes should be extended to the Pacific Ocean
and tina, covenants Missouri compromise should
be extended 10 all the newly acquired territory This
proposition was rejected by the North aud an angry
test ensed which seriously endangered the peace and
tranquility of the Union. Peaceful counsels however
prevailed. The most eminent men Of both political par
10 effect Adjustment and finally, in September 1850
under the auspices of Clay and Cass and Webster and
men. series of measures was naured sanctoaad by
both branches of Congress approved by the President
Under tbs system OF compromise, California
ormy with her wishes expressed through her state Con
yention which, though irrcguariy convened was
suppcscd TO represent the sentiments of her peo.
I plc was 10 be admitted as a free state and the
sir,ts Of the residue OF the territory coded bv
Mexico was be determined by The people of
the Territories when they sought admission into the
Union. The system of dlasiInent aso embraced two
other important features Of which adopted 10 de-
ference the wishes North ard the other for the
benefit Of ihe South The first was the abolition OF the
slave trade N the District of Columbia and the second
ras the massage of more efficient law Tor the rendition
of uves from labor to supply the defects OF the act OF
1893
This series Of measures though passed IN the for m Of
separate Bills constituted substantially ono system Of pa
chcat.on The passage Of one act consideration
jor the passage of the others They embraced mutual
concessions and equivalents Neither coai nave pissed
without Of the passage OF the Others. The
prov isions embraced by them the nature Of
tusly dependent covenants IL possible u ip