The weekly Portage sentinel. [volume] (Ravenna, Ohio) 1854-1861, 1860-02-08


tries and second, to protect each State Of
this Union against invasion from any other
State, Territory, or place within the jurisdic-
ton Of this Coniederacy. l will first turn
your attention to the power conferred upon
Congress to protect the United States, in
cludiDg States, Territories, and the District
Of Columbia-including every inch OF ground
within our limits and jurisdicition-against
foreign invasion.
In the eighth section ofthe first article of
the Constitution you will find that "Congress
shall have power to declare war, &c; Con-
gress shall have power to raise and support
armies |; Congress shall have power to pro.
vide and maintain a navy Congress shall
have power to make rules for the govern
ment and regulation of the land and naval
forces Congress shall have power to pro-
vide for calling forth the militia, to execute
the laws of the Union, suppress insurrection,
and repel INVASION" These various clauses
confer upon Congress the power of using the
whole military force Of the country for the
purposes specified in the Constitution. First,
they provide for the execution of the laws of
the Union i; second, to suppress insurrection.
The instructions referred to are insurrec-
tons against the authority of the United
States, Instructions against State authority
being provided for in a subsequent section.
| in which cases the United States cannot in.
terfere, except on the application Of the
State authority. The invasion which is to
be repelled under.this clause Of the Consti'
tuition is an invasion Of the United States.
The language is, "Congress shall have pow
er 10 provide for repelling INVASION" That
gives the authority to repel the invasion, no
matter whether the enemies land within the
limits of Virginia, within the District Of Co.
lumbia, within the Territory of New Mexico,
or anywhere else within the jurisdiction OF
the United States. The power to protect
every portion of the country against invasion
from foreign nations having thus been spe.
cificaliy conferred, the trainers of the Con.
stitution proceeded to make guaratees for
the protection of the several States by Fed
eral authority. will read the 4th section
Of the 4th article of the Constitution "The
United States shall guarantee to every State
OF this Union republican form Of govern.
ment; shall protect each of them agains
invasion, and, on application Of the Legisla
ture, or of the Executive when the Legisla
ture cannot be convened, against domestic
violence"
That clause contains three distinct guar
antees. First, that the United States shal
guarantee to every State Of this Union a re
publican form of government second, tina
the United States shall protect each of then
against invasion third, that the Unite
States shall, on application of the LegisIa
: ture, or of the Executive when the Legisla
ture cannot be convened, protect then
:, against domestic violence. Now, sir, sub
nit to you whether it is not clear, from tn
very language of the Constitution, that tba
clause was inserted for the purpose Of max
ing it the duty OF the Federal Governmen
" to protect each of the States against invasio
from any other State, Territory, or plac
within the jurisdiction Of the United States
For what other purpose was that clause in
serted! The power and duty of protection
y as against foreign nations, had already bee
- y, provided for. This clause occurs wher
:. there is a guarantee from the United STATE
to each State, for the benefit of each Stat
and necessarily for the protection OF eae
. State from other States, inasmuch as Il
guarantee had been given previously
!. against foreign nations. If any further ev
r dence is needed to show that such is the trl
;. construction of the Constitution, it will
" found in tue forty third number OF The Fe
~ eralist, written by James Madison. M
- =. Madison copies this clause Of the Constit
: ton which I have read, giving these thr'
guarantees, and. after discussing the one i
i ], suring to each State a republican form
:" government, proceeds to consider the Sc
~ ond, which makes it the duty of the Unit
~ States TO protect each Of the States again
d invasion. Here is what he says upon tn
:. subject:
= "A projection against invasion is due frc
-" every society to the parts composing it.
On The latitude of the expression here us
te seems to secure each State not only agair
of foreign hostility, but against ambitious
- vindictive enterprises by its more power
" neighbors. The history of both ancient a
ed modern confederacies proves that the we
ID. members OF the Union ought not to be
,r. sensible to the policy Of this article"
he This number of the FederGlist, which
quoted from, like all others Of that c.
lie Eebrated work, was written after the Cons
no tuition was made, and before it was ratif
he by the States, and with a view Of securi
,te it's ratification. Hence the people Of I
ID. several States, when they ratified this inst
be ment, knew that this clause was intended
he bear the construction which lnow place |
ith ION it. It was intended to make it the dl
bis OF every society to protect each OF it's par
tu. the duty Of the Federal Government to
ce, fend each of the States, and he says
ms smallest States ought not to be insensibie
'ry the policy Of this article the Constitute
he Then, sir, il il be made the imperative d'
Z of the Federal Government. BY the expr'
tie EPrevision Of the Conssitution, to protect ca