The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1860-12-05

Ssns Asrnaisara Company have osg since DO
under cur former donation ana pressns pre- pton
.hiA me region that has beoc Gained tho Nsq lsly
river.
ID due 10 the people Of Washington rerrit,ry that
some decisive action should be taken am not advised
mat portion Of the tracts aimed OF any public
or pohucs n portanee 10 the Unied Slater and
mend that sbe Surveyor General Of Washington Terri
tsry, under The OF this Department. DO al
thor G ~ fpeci. enactment TO decide upon ts validity
Of ma claims Of the Pugets Sound Agricultural 90
and II they are entitled TO Confirmation 10 deter ne
me location and boundaries Of the "farms and "ands
thai belonged 70 ihe company which shouid
action
nDuH AnAna
DesaDed information regard 10 the operations OF the
indian Ooo during the pas year the present sond
lion OF The various tribes or Indians within our limits,
with the accompanying documents % herewith susnn
ted tsee report IN another column Of this mornings
In reviewing the resue Of Ii policy pursued by the
Of the United States the ribee
within their limits, IL should be borne in mind that while
The same general relation exhs between the tied
and all The tribes that relation has been modified In
70 many Of them BY treaty stipslaiiona and acts Of
Congrn, and - these notifications vary In each csse,
and ofleD In essential particulars, the sol ect becomes
complicated, and the difficulty ef subjectpg the Indians
TO . uniform policy greatly increased. With the Wild
California, constituting, possbly, the majority, have
no treaties whatever With respect 70 policy, then, IL
10 obvious that the Indians must be divided into two
ciasses-tboso with whom We have treaties and those
with whom we have not. In Tie case OF the former
are clearly bound 10 be guided by treaty spulaons; In
The case OF The latter the government 10 FREQ 70 pursue
tuch policy ~ circumstances may render expcdIent
ubcrdna Of course 70 those general principles which
have been declared In the statutes and sanctioned by the
Supreme Court.
Again, the treaty or annuity Indians may be arranged
In bwo divisions. With one we have treaties OF amty
and We pay them Annuties either in money, goods
provisions, Or perhaps, all three for longer or shorter
PERIOD but without recoguzi their tile 70 any par
ticusr roc OF coualry We not only pay Annuities 50
IRA fof coup had INV nd
guarantee them unaisturbed possession TO the ssus for
ever. ms latter class, again, nuet be sub divided into
by the Indian tte and those whose lands arc held
In severalty by the individual members Of the tribe
There yet further distinction 70 be made between
body, surrounded by weld exterior boun dairy,
constituting them tribal reservation, which the
intercourse lass can be enforced and those In which the
individual reservations scattered among the white
settlements, and subjected 70 the operations Of the laws
OF the State or Territory In which they are situated
Our Intercourse with those tribes with whom we have
no treaties except those In California, Utah and New
Mexico, who under the control Of agents. limited W
,mprs,sns upon them The nssssssy q n.,n..sns
that acts Of violence and rapne will be 70 draw upon
them chastss ment This intercourse had mainly
through the medium Of Officers Of The army, stationed
the remote frontier engaged In exporipg ana survey
Ing expeditions with exception Of the Nayaos and
Snakes, these Indians have been a peace with during
Peace has also prevailed among the treaty indiana,
with conspicuous ption reer 10 the Kioways
UnCeo more h9hg uulenC8 WCud D0em 70 renCef
tary operations advisable The Same may DO said Of the
YsnctonnAis and Cut Head bands Of Sioux.
OF those Indians, 70 whom reservations are secured by
treaty, 70 be observed that those who hold their
lar de- In common those who bold IN scveraty, bu,
whose reservations are scattered about the white
,s,ss@sns' have n.ae and are , making little o. no
they are few In number, and result from fortuitous
Experience has satsned me that two
conditions Indispensable 70 the Of any policy
looking yond The mere Immediate and temporary re-
lief Of the Indians designed 70 erect . radical
chsnge In their habits and modes Of e and esassh for
them permanent civilization the deas Of separate or
rather priv property ~ Notation must form the DO
sn Allie Of our diplomacy ard our legislation.
Private property In the soil and It's products stimulates
Industry BY guaranteeing ,he unds.urbed enjoy msnt Of
s fruits and isolation encctua protection against
the compsssion The cumming, and the corruptinG nnu
ef ssfu application In practice and notable
examples may be citsd-thoso Of Tho Wmpebagoes and
sssc,on, and wahpeton Sioux, reclaimed in an in.ed
ness and degradation for which they cons 2lcuous
And IL 10 valid objection TO tho oroe Of The Illustration
70 say that the results have been produced among
the ChoctaWs Ohckasaws and chsrokess, who still hot
their lands tenants in common. rhe tenure In common
bot nominal with these uibes; every member Of them
projected In the undsturbed possession Of the home he
has made for himself IN the common domain and bic right
Of property In bis neos and the crops he rsses them
ssyeraii.y Nowhere are the intercourse Avs %
RICHLY enforced among these tribes; ami IL 10 70
this ard the practical recognition OF the right OF private
property In she so aad rs products thai the great
perty of there tribes due. Am s1engtheI ed, then
in the conviction expressed In my hat annual report,
that the ony plan that hods out ary hope for the de-
reservations, having veidedned exterior boundaries,
10 thai the laws can DC enforced thereon and
TO divide these reservations into farms OF modcr sto d.
mensoBs, 70 be held In asversy by the individual mem
bcrs " the tribe, with all the ghs incident 70 an estate
be paid, not in money bot IN goods provisions, agcu
turai implements Asd DO, and authority should
given 70 the agents 70 discriminate In their dsributo
betwecn the industrious the IDLE the orderly and n
thriftts 1hefc ideE form the bas n OF ali the Indian
treaties which have been negotiated during your Adn
BY law a. The ssed policy Of the sovernmsnt.
TIE colon nation system, whish Was tried n California
and TEXAS under the direction Of Congress- and from
which - time hoped for The most favorable resulfs
has proved entire failure expensive and radi-
cay detective 10 prom - FOR any suooess oas Of two
~ ms, have ,hs of nsooey,v In ,ns n,oanets :,
the reservation and be allowed 70 retain for his private
and benset the surplus which may remain after feed
fer himself and gather for himss and the idle and the
thress mrat be made 70 feel the edeca OF their idle
nes and unthr ftncss, and 70 realise practically the d
ference between him who sows and rcaps and i'm who
Tresusus Complaints having been nads BY sAs ohero.
tsos q bsir tsYisovy known NE Neutral Land nsa-
surs taken v remove Ne cause Of complaint Last
spring The sssssrs were notified mt hey were unastse
Ysed intsudsrs, naked trspasers n fA0s, upon
would be snforcsd against shsn No attention having
ins under orders nom he Indian Once has rscsssy Vi
ssed The reserve aad By The sd q ths GATED sasss
troops oscby removed tbs settlers from thas postios
tAs reserve lying soath Of what Known - the Calhoun
iins. appears ron the records = the dapaytoeat tha
owing 70 an error IN grotrAcsas NE northern boundary
Ne neusA lad The line nads 70 eight uins
niss soutA q he rus beaDAasy, leavag s11sAs Of ~
reserve, - nsrksd The nap, stFip Known - ~
"Dvy Woe1s !" which sAsu1 hAvs bssa ineluAsd n iS
sss esany believed shas shs dry woods pArs q
The Eew York reservations, On vhioh ss>tleDenN wvrs
permitted, snd ths settlers thsrs I'D gone In b god
hath snd made valuable inprovcmsnts, the Agent did
pos moess them. Believing myself tAas Inc sssssvs
NE sses ~ question are law ssdisg a,ssas has they
estsbshed hemselv0 there In good fath and In utter
sAorsscs u NE tresps they were committing, asd ths
her have expended large sums In opening and Improving
thsir hvns, ! TANK u would Be ress hardship Y
they were row oompeihd 70 remove. I have,
therefore, Suspended the execution Of The lav
sasl the cad o. The spprosshiss session
of Congress, IN srder Thai thsy may have An
Opportunity q applying 70 that body for relief All, -
Vie hegckeN do mot want The lad, would recommend
The passsgs law authorizing This land 70 be surssysd
and sold other pablo lands and Ne prcossds paid
70 the Chercksee. A ~ u cxpreesy nipolassd In ths
treaty Of New E1hoa that The lands oedsd V The 1sro
kss future time, without oogssst be
bcsded within The tsrritoriN limits % )arssicsos u
asy state Territory" prcvisies ssous 10 made 10 tho
law for obtaining Ne assent % the 0eros.es oond
tioa president 70 ~ &kisg eject; sno 9Th vev Of
occurring such Assent prev coat