The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1860-06-22

ana East and west india produce, besides many other
commodities, at New York, Boston, Montreal-the
former system admitting American cities TO composition
the duties having been specific and levied the weight
measure, number Of the articles wherever they were
purchased Thus greater duty charged imports
via Boston New York Toronto Hamilton than via
the St. Laurence Montreal The present system forces
the people of Canada discontinue their business con
nectons with our merchants and buy from the Montreal
| or Quebec importer.
| Thus the productions of China Brazil or Cuba If
brought Canada via the ST. Laurence will pay duty
only their value in the country OF their origin but If
purchased in Atlantic cities, must pay duty that
value increased by interest, freight the ocean, and
the various other expenses and charges OF the insurer
shipper and merchant This not only legislation against
our carriers but against all mercantile interest
The combined influence Of the treaty and bonded
system, even before the high tariff exceedingly nu
rious the largest portion Of the northwest Its farmers
suffer from competition with those of Canada. Its
features useful in the daily wants Of Canadian ife
now excluded and in the bonded system the whole trade
in foreign goods tho frontier lost ~ the United States
American duties being exacted in all cases where the ORR
gnal package is broken and the Canadian purchaser
from the frontier, American merchant would thus be
compelled TO duties twice ovcrst to the American
and afterwards TO the Canadian government The ordna
ry customer Is thus driven from stores and far
the American market yet used by Canadians for pur
chasing foreign goods manufactures, the common sup
ply Of Canadian stores thrown into the hands of Cana
dian merchants who procure their supplies in Montreal
IT. upon exporting foreign goods TO Canada in less quant
ties than the original package, the duties returned
TO the owner goods until the in the
Canadian tariff would still have been bought in the Allan
Tic ports but they would have been sold to Amercans
they had done in former years. and merchants the
frontier would not be debarred as now from fair profit
by the discrimination Of own laws against them.
An extensive trade had been established leather al
coho pure spirts burning uid boots and shoes cast
ngs, hardware clothing, machinery, cabinet ware up
hosiery musical instruments, drugs and medicines
nufacures Of cotton wool and tobacco On most Of these
articles the duty prohbitory and the trade
entirely destroyed or Of trinng amount.
general dissatisfaction with the treaty exists the
Southern side Of the boundary line, wherever its opera
on perceived except i'll those parts of the West where
the Canadian is enormously regarded additional
purchaser consumer and not, as he really is
grain carrier in rivalry with own in those other
parts of the United States which, for its pur-
posee the Canadian British government has made pre-
ferenta laws and to which IL has given local prospcri
y at the expense OF the general welfare this country
In the profits accrueng from freight between the two
countries the advantage since the treaty has been In
favor OF British shipping-the value Of exports and i'm
ports by the vessels Of each country being regarded the
test In the live years ending June 80, 1854 the
domestic exports to Canada in British bottoms
s12 sos s1e and in American SO SOS $40 the
prepondance in favor being about third whilst In
the five years since the treaty and beginning with July
the value being 500 30 in American vessels against
$3S $40 $50 in vessels OF British nationality No marked
inequality exists in the imports to the United states by
the shipping Of both countrethe value carried by each
being s37 Ss5 in American and ~ sSs In foreign
vessels.
Canada grounded hopes Of future greatness upon
the possession the ST. Lawrence The Western States
considered OF great advantage 70 themselves and
said when obtained its navigation that the
benefits arising from this national privilege would more
other interests The British mipister-Sir H. l. Buwer-
after pressing upon attention the spirit cvinccd by
half the Canadian government carry liberal policy
still further presented the navigation Of the St. Law
renee with the adjoining canals the consideration TO
be paid by that province for the free interchange Of all
natural productions with US and for the navigation Of
Lake Michigan
The commerce of the Northwestern lakes Ia Of immense
national importance, amounting to 1857 ls7 ss2e More
than 600 vessels with aggregate burden exceeding
which Chief Justice fancy that decision Of the Supreme
Court OF the United States which gres the lakes forever
their international character termed finland seas" II
ton Of the ST. Lawrence would bear adequate proportions
to the number and value q these nees but
since the treaty received the signature Of the President
Of the United sascs nearly six ago, than
passed seaward through the st. Lawrence and that Of
these less than half nineteen vessels with burden Of
only 5446 tons have returned from sea-
II would that the promised advantages from the
navigation Of the St. lawrence poetica than
nautical ss the navigation Of Lake Michigan coded TO Ca
the year 1857 hundred and nine British vessels cleared
from Chicago alone thus dcprivne our own carriers Of
freight by enabling others 10 take Of the great
grain growing regions through Canada TO ports either
side OF Lake Ontario, Montreal and thence TO the
II is noticeable fact, IA this connection, that the
above Is statement Of only the ciearances OF port
year and that II more double the United
States vessels that passed outwards through the 81 Law
renee for the last six since the ratification Of the
treaty and Quntuple the number that returned in
e report here goes on very deliberately to show that
cial and political power Of the oYtfnfRthtt6 divert
the carrying trade from the western states extending
over thousand mies-from Portland to Detroit states
that certain articles England via Portland are sub
iected TO the same duties only II they came directly
from Canadian exception which does not exist IN favor
o. any other poi IN ,ne .ss csrTyng trade f
when such distinctions are made IN asor VI TINS ggan
The natural adaptation Of United States and Canada
to give and receive reciprocal benefits easily and with
out humiliation conferred by neghbors ON each other rs
well known but the explicit and earnest appeals Of Canada
for honorable and mutually beneficial RECIPROCITY are
now no longer uttered with an increase OF ween anu
misses has ceased and deemng herself secure IN our Tor
bearance has adopted by her recent legislation
policy intended to exclude US from an Tue
benefits Of position while she hopes TO use all their
advantages for her benefit Each concession has been
used as vantage ground for further encroachment She
has reversed the natural laws Of trade and prevents her
merchant and agriculturist from buying Ia the same mar
ket where they sell The revenue formerly COLLECTED on
creased her by tax on American industry
The advantageous trade formerly carried on With Canada
been destroyed Our farmers and umbcrmen encounter
the competition OF new and productive terrtories ~
shsnis N The Atlantic elites were iransacng mutually
profitable business with Canadnns the Eraspng spirit OF
their legislation endeayor.d 70 secure all the benefits o.
ing duties Our railroads suffer from British compcti
tor supported BY privileges equivalent 70 taxation on their
csnads are cbsSfsd ~ imposed Intends
wool and raw materials Of Canada are admitted duty free
into our marksss bot The fabrics Ade hon them are en-
s ss e, iI% Mne o. coaf q the Sssasn
mcnt that would be wng 70 carry the principle Of
vsn;ases nom nav esson through she g. lawrence hsye
been scarcely worthy Of any ecrou. eonsacraoe. inc
Time by Canada With Gar advantage "a Canadians
than ourselves now rejected In this exclusive and
he unun