davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Nashville union and American. [volume] (Nashville, Tenn.) 1853-1862, 1860-08-14
NOTICE.
Fresh Corn Meal.
1nnn sALAKN FOH I'D VINO SENn

n HnEh SALARY EOh ALL WHO SEND
ZJD their address to A FULLAM, proprietor OF the
American Stencil Tool Works. Sprn field VI The old oDser
ofce m oen Springfield. Vt Eastern Office - Mershsn,s
Exchange Boston Pr.OcpAl Once 22 Broadway, New Work
The only practical Stencil Tools made patented by F
In and sold $50, ncluding stock retail Tor SO
with activity this amount be realized by any one in Two
gesk. time am The tools will exchanged and new
set given al any within 10 used with proTe- care
FRoA NY REFERENCES.
We the being residents Of Springfield, VI
hereby certify acquainted with FULIAn who
engsg in the manu- IT Stencil Tools, we consider
b m fey responsible the honorable fukment OF ali hy
contracts and Of money sent him for his Tools
Colburu President Of Exchange Bank, Springfield Vt
Albert Brown Cashier Of Exchange Bank.
Geo W Porter, TTes' urer Of Springfield Savings Bank.
Henry Closson, Juege Of Probate Court
Geo. Washburn, Postmaster
Samuel W. Porter, Clerk OF Real Estate Records.
yuly
Nashville union and American. [volume] (Nashville, Tenn.) 1853-1862, 1860-08-14
Grmfenberg Dysenlery syrup.

u HIS medicine unequalled for Dsrrhea- Dysentrry and
other disorders OF like nature. In OF blOossy
FluN, il is unequalled The Board Of Health Of New York.
and the Imperial Hospital ST. Peershurk both report that il
IS most reliable agent in all the early Of Cholera No
family should be without in the hour where children
liable suffer from frut
dy must then be applie-no time TO wait tbs Doctor
This medicine be relied and the price only so cents
enough 20 take Of whole family a whole
mayl7 MACKENZIE a MINCHIN.
Nashville union and American. [volume] (Nashville, Tenn.) 1853-1862, 1860-08-14

ONG wanted have last supply famous
Philadelphia Refrigerator which. usefulness econ
omy are unequalled. MACKENZIE & MINCHIN.
mAyl7
Nashville union and American. [volume] (Nashville, Tenn.) 1853-1862, 1860-08-14

lust received Full Bosom Shirts with
81 without collars bose Cambria and Bishop Lawn
Also email lot of with fine embroidered bosons
ap J " McGILL
Nashville union and American. [volume] (Nashville, Tenn.) 1853-1862, 1860-08-14

RENEWABLE AT PLEASURE
obe Square, ons year, s3OEach additional Square, SO
Advertisers exceeding the space contracted
for, viii be charged for the excess.
IN THE WEEKLY.
DOLLAR per Square for the and FHTT cEsrs for
subssGueD5 Insertion
Advertisements published both the Daily and Weekly
be charged the fail daily rates with one half the weekly rates
added
7ransisnt Advertisements Gss paid for at tie
Insertion.
To OorresPOndenTs
cit will great deal troubeifour friends,
il writing to will bean in mird the following rules:
Always give the date Post Once county and State in the body
of your letter
II you wish the Paper changed eos to snOer give
both Offices in fulL
II write business and other matters write on separate
sheets o. paper, different leaves Of one sheet.
Letters and communications solicited all such facts
and subjects may be Of information interest to he public
Anonymous communications ofWhatser character will receive
tsention.
espondents should write only upon side Of the ppe<
We cannot undertake to return rejected communications
All letters on business should be directed TO Messrs y
GRIFFITH Co.. and not personally to either Of the Pro-
pristers
Nashville union and American. [volume] (Nashville, Tenn.) 1853-1862, 1860-08-14
GBt 0asBbiIle anion arS 9msritan.
I
Daily So; Tri-weekIY Is; weekly So.

TEN LINES OR LESS CONSTITUTE A SQUARE.
IN TIRE DAILY.
Nashville union and American. [volume] (Nashville, Tenn.) 1853-1862, 1860-08-14
Underwear.

ID EcEIVED asuppy Of Umbrellas OF silk, alpaca, bingham
aAd plain cotton extra large, others very gh: for
/ lapl5 Mc9lLL.
Nashville union and American. [volume] (Nashville, Tenn.) 1853-1862, 1860-08-14

lining at the Highest Degree of Usefulness. SpendilIy
Ilustratrsted. By MARCUS WILSON. The Primer, and
the First, Second Third and Fourth Readers ready Ger
full Description, Prices, Terms for Introduction &c
Circulars and Harpers Catalogue which may be obtained
gratutOusy application.l
The Nevada Democrat., 1860-10-11
REAUTIFUL sTANzAs.

There is no heart but has its inner anguish,
There is no eye but hath with tears been wet
There is no voice but hath been heard TO langulsi
o,er hours of darkness IL can ne'er forget.
There is no check, however bright its roses,
But persisted buds beneath its hues are hidr-
No eve thatin It's dewy light reposes,
But broken star-beams tremble meath lis lu'
There IS no lip, howc'er with laughter ringing,
However light and gay its words may be,
But ID hath trembled at some dark upspfinging
or stern anlcton and deep misery.
We all are brothers In this land of dreaming,
Yet hand meets hand, and eye to eye replies,
Nor deem we that beneath brow all beaming,
The flower of life in broken beauty lies
Oh blessed lioht that eilds our night of sorrow-
Oh balm Of Gilead for our healing found
We know that peace will come with the tomorrow
And that Affections spring not from the ground
The Nevada Democrat., 1860-10-11
GLOVE ANODYNE
TOO HAGHE RnPS

MO one whether old or young likes to lose their
IN teeth but when pain arising from sweled gums
or an aching tooth is felt of two things must be
done, either have it pulled out procure
edy to cure the aflction.
Thousands Have Tried
this preparation and found that 1t the pain
almost as soon as applied; its use is not attended
with any injurious effects whatever the teeth; its
taste and smell both agreeable and it will by
occasional application entirely remove the soreness
from decayed tooth, so that it may be filled and
made useful ever. let any one who has suffer
ed half an hour with throbbng tooth, try 1t, and
they will be convinced of its value.
Prepared and sold by A. B. & D. SANDS Drug
gists, 100 Fulton street, New York.
For sale by II. johnson h Co. and Redington & Co.,
San Francisco; Rice l. Coffin, Marysvie; R. II. Nc.
Donald Co., Sacramento; and by Druggists gen.
orally. Oc2.Sm
The Nevada Democrat., 1860-10-11
ROM AN EYE BALSA M ,
FOR INFIAMED EYELIDS.

A ND for the cure of Scrofulous Humours and sore
n ness surrounding or the Eye. In all dis
of this character 1t Is almost certain
The following extract from letter Just received re-
iers to one Of the many similar constantly
ported
Jersey City, Oct. 20, 1859.
Messrs. A. B. &. ID. SANDS,
Dear SiTs--l nave for a number of years been
troubled with sore and iniiamed eye-lids, which
though they never caused me much pain were very
annoying on other accounts have tried number
of medicines at different times without the slightest
success Seeing advertisement Of your Roman
Eye Balsam, in spite of my skepticsm, resolved to
get some, aud at least try it. am writing this
in the fullest gratitude to inform you Il could al
most send you fifty dollar billy that few and only
few, applications have resulted in complete cure.
Respectfully yours,
PRICE rs CENTS PER JAR-Will be sent free per
mail to any part of the United States upon receipt of
80 cents in postage stamps.
Prepared and sold, wholesale and retail by A. B.
D. SANDS Druggists, 100 Fulton street, corner OF
William, New York.
For sale by II. johnson & Co. and Redington & Co,
San Francisco; Rice Coffin, Marysville; r. II. Me-
Donald Il Co., Sacramento; and by Druggists gen.
orally. Oct 2 lS60.-3m.
The Nevada Democrat., 1860-10-11

EARTHoUAKEs.-Ther are actual records
with date and particulars, of 234 earth
quakes that have taken place in the Brit
ish islands within the last eight hundred
and fifty years; and nearly one-haG OF
them have been felt during the present cen
fury. This disnroportion, however, is ow-
ing in great measure, no doubt, TO the
greater completeness and flllness to which
such records have attained since the exist
ence of periodical PUBLICATIONS. In the
Scandinavian peninsula and Iceland, du-
ring the last century and half. the num-
ber of earthquakes has been 224; ID Spain
and Portugal. 1873; 10 France, Belgium,
and Holland together, 600, while in the ba-
sin of the Rhine and Switzerland, no less
than 557 earthquakes are recorded since
the beginning of the ninth century, of
which 81 took place in the sixteenth 120 in
the seventeenth, l4l in the eighteenth, and
no less than IT'S in the sGrst half of this
century. On the italian peninsula aud the
Eastern Mediterranean upwards of 500
earthquakes have occurred within the last
fifty years. Excluding these countries,
there have been felt in Western Europe,
since the beginning of the Christian era,
2l56 earthquakes. of which T7S belong to
the present century. These great natural
phenomena are most numerous in cold
weather. Out of 5e79 earthquakes that
have occurred in the Northern hemisphere,
as many as 3l5S took place between the
let of October and 3lst Of March; only
The Nevada Democrat., 1860-10-11

STAGE AccIDENT-An accident happened
to the upward bound stage, on Wednesday,
Oct. Sd. which came near resulting serious
ly. While passing high point short dis
tance below the Tower House, an axle
broke, nearly tipping the stage over the
bank into Clear creek, a distance Of twenty
or thirty feet. There were eight or ten
Messengers on board, and among the num-
bcr. Mr.. w. S. Lowden and family, Rev.
Robert Kellen and family, and VIM. Green
hood, ESQ.,, of Sacramento we are told oy
passengers that but for the timely assist
ance of Messrs. Lowden and Greenhood,
who were riding on the box at the time oil
the accident, the stage would have gone
over the bank, which would have resulted
disastrously to the passengers inside.--1F'n-
ay Journal. =
The Nevada Democrat., 1860-10-11
sALE.-By virtue of an

CtHERIFF"S SALE.-By virtue OF on
- execution to me directed issued out Of the District
Court of the Fourteenth Judicial District in and for
the County of Nevada and State of California,
judgment rendered in said Court on Monday the 9th
day of August, A. ID. 1860, in favor of CHARLES
MARSH, and against AMOS 7. LAIRD and L. j.
CHAMBERS for the sum Of Sixteen hundred and
ninety.six dollars and sixty-six cents, debt with in
terest on the said of 81 696 &c from the 9th day
of August 1860 at the rate of two per cent per month
until paid, together with S29, ,25 costs Of suit.
have levied upon the following described property, to
wit: All the right of the within named defendant, I.
j. Chambers of in and to that certain short Ditch in
tersecting with Deer Creek the south side, about
one.half mile above Scot's Flat and conveying water
around the Ditch known as the Gold Flat Ditch be-
longing to the South Yuba Canal co. Also all of De-
fendant Chambers right title and interest in and to
the Ditch known as Laird and Chambers Gold Run
Ditch nterseeting with Deer Creek about three miles
above Nevada, and conveying water TO Gold Flat, in
Nevada County All of the above described property
being situated in Nevada county, State of California
Notice is hereby given that on TUESDAY, the
10th day of October, A. D. 1860, between the hours
of A. NJ and p. NJ | will sell all the right, title
and interest of the above named defendants in and to
the above described property, at the Court House
door in the City of Nevada at public auction to the
highest bidder Tor cash, to satisfy said Judgment and
costs.
J.BvAN HAGEN, Sheriff.
Thos. I, Hawley, Plh's Atty. 51-td
hereby certify that the above mentioned judgment
is entitled to credit of Sixteen hundred Isl 900
dollars less the aecruing costs, amounting to the
of sixtyseyen dollars, the same appears by
turn Sheriff endorsed Decree of foreclosure, return
ed to my office August 30th, 1860.
JNO. S. LAMBERT,
Clerk District Court
BY Jos. ROBERTS. JR, Deputy.
The Nevada Democrat., 1860-10-11
Legal Notices.
sALE.-By virtue of an

II
- Execution issued out of the Court of s. c. Rich
nrlson Justice of the Peace, in and for the Town
ship Of Grass Valley. County of Nevada and State of
California on Judgment rendered in said Court on
the Path day of May, 1860, in avorOf f. FRElD
MAN and against GEO. W, MOULDER for the sum of
fnty.nne dollars and thirty-ive cents, debt damages
and costs of suit together with all accfuing costs;
have levied upon the following described property to
wit: All the right title and interest of the above
named defendant, Geo. w. Moulder, Of in and to all
that certain lot. piece parcel Of land lying and
beug in the Township of Grass Valley Nevada County
California known and designated as the ''Gi Ranch,
situated in said Grass Valley Township, about two
miles Easterly from the Village OF Grass Valley, on
Moll Creek and bounded as follows. to wit: Com
mencng on the Ridge north of Wolf Creek at an
oak tree twenty four inches in diameter running
thence ~ 66o W 40 chains a rayine 80 chains
to stake bearing from oak tree IA inches IN di-
ameter ~ 36o f. rs links thence :. 24' w. 40 chains
crossing WJh Greek at mouth Of tunnelrunning into
Union Hill in l6 chains to stake bearing from an
oak tree on the north side OF road 80 inches in diam
eter N So +. 40 links thence = 660 T. 40 chains to
stake bearing from oak tree 80 inches in diameter
N 12o e. n links, theace N. 24' T.. 40 chains across
Wolf Creek in 80 chains to place Of beginning, con-
flaming 100 acres, more less. with all the appnre
nances hereunt0 belobging or in anywise appertain-
ing.
Notice is hereby given that will expose at public
sale all the above described property to the highest
bidder for cash. in front Of the Court House door in
Nevada CITY, on Tuesday the 2;;d day of October,
A. D. 1890 between the hours of 0 O'Clock A. NJ. and
O'Clock p. NJ.
Given under my hand this 25th Of Sept. a. n 1850.
}. b. VAN IIAGAN. Sheriff n. {.
52td BY JAMES B. VAN II .GAN, Deputy.
The Nevada Democrat., 1860-10-11
Travelling.
TO THE TRAVELLING PUBLIC!
CALIFORNIA STAGE COMPANY.

The stages of this Company will
ENas@,Sss---tz leave their Office at NATIONAL
HEfE2ssSss9 Ey,A EXCHANGE, Broad Street, Nevada,
FOR SACRAMENTO.
Leaves Nevada at ! O'Clock, A. NJ, and arriv-
ing at Sacramento in time for the 2 O'Clock boats
for San Francisco.
FOR MARYsvILLE.
Leaves the above named Office, every morning, at
61So'clock, passing by Grass Valley, Rough and
Ready Empire Ranch and Long Bar, and arriving
at Marysville in time to connect with the Compa
ny's 2 O'Clock stages to Shasta.
FOR FOREST CITY.
Leaves every morning at o'clock for North San
Juan, Camptonville and Forest City.
FOR ORLEANS FLAT.
Leaves every day at O'Clock A. NJ, via BelP'
Ranch, Humbug City Wolsey's Flat, Moore's Flat
and arriving at Orleans Flat at IL NJ. Returning
Leaves Orleans Flat at O'Clock A. NJ. arriving al
Nevada at O'Clock, connecting with the Marys
vile and Sacramento Stages.
JAMES HAWORTH,
Pres't. G. S. Co.
W. s. MCRoBRRTs, Agent, Nevada
The Nevada Democrat., 1860-10-11

272l being felt between the lst of April and
3Oth of September. The largest number
727-occurred 10 January, and the smallest
-4l5-in July. They are also most fire.
ouent during the two months that inclose
the four critical periods Of the year, called
by astronomers the equinoxes and the SOL
stices.
The Nevada Democrat., 1860-10-11
j. d. ' nv IIhUEN, On
Thos. z, Hawley, Pllf's Atty.
CoNsTABLE's sALE.-state of Calf

~ tornia. County of Nevada, Township of Nevada
BY virtue of an execution to delivered issu-
ed out of the Court of h. W. Smith Esq :. an acting
Justice of the Peace in and for the county aforesaid
bearing date October 9th, A. d. 1850, to satisfy
October A. d. 1860, in favor of WILLIAM STONE l.
CO., and against RILEY PARLIER for the sum of
sixty-hree Dollars and Eighty six Centsdebt inter
est damages and costs of suit. have taken in ex-
the following described property, to wit: One Ranch
and growing CROP Dwelling House and all out t-houses
thereunto belonging situated Thomas Flat, on
the waters of Brush Creek, in Nevada Township. on
the road leading TO Webbers Bridge. / will sell in
front of the Court House door, in the City of Nevada
on Monday the 29th day OF October, A. D. 1860 be-
tween the hours of oslock A. N. and oclck P. NJ.
Taken as the property of Riley Parier, to satisfy
the above demand and accruing costs.
Nevada City Oct sth 1860.
oc9-td W. c. ASHER, Constable, N T
The Nevada Democrat., 1860-10-11
C,HERIFF,s sALE.-By virtue of am

SAAb.-Dy Va So"
- Execution issued out of the Court of $ c. Rich
ardson Justice of the Peace, in and for the Township
of Grass Valley County of Nevada and State OF Cali
fomia. ON a Judgment rendered in said Court on the
18th dav ofSeptember A. D. 1860, in favor OF DORSEY
& ROWLAND and against GEO. W. M0ULDER, for
the sum Of One Hundred and Twenty Nine Dollars and
Thirty-Two cents debt, damages and costs OF suit,
together with all accruing costs have levied upon
the following described property, to wit All the
right title and interest of the above'named defendant
Geo W. Mouder. Of in and to all that certain lot,
piece or parcel Of land lying and being in the town
ship of Grass Valley, Nevada County, California, and
known as the 'Gl Ranch +" situated in the said Grass
Valley Township about two miles easterly from the
Village of Grass Valley, on Wolf Creek, and bounded
as follows to wit: Commencing ON the Ridge North
of Wolf Creek at an oak treG "a inches in diameter
and RUNNING thence n. 667 w 40 chains across
rayine 80 chains to stake bearing from oak tree
IA inches in diameter N. 800 f. % links thence S. 240
w. 40 chains crossing Wolf Creek at mouth OF tunnel
running into Union Hill in 16 chains to stake bear
ing from an oak tree the north side of the road 30
inches in diameter N so T.. 40 links, thence :. $50
f. 40 chains to a stake bearing from an oak tree 80
inches. in diameter n 12o f.. "a links, thence n 240
E. 10 chains across Wolf Creek in 80 chains to place
of beginning containing 160 acres, less, with
all the appurtenances theTeunto belonging or IN any
wise appertaIning.
Notice is hereby gwen that will expose at public
sale all he above described property, to the highest
bidder for cash. in front of the Court House door in
the City of Nevada on TUESDAY, October 23d
1860 between the hours of9 O'Clock a. NJ. and
O'Clock ?. NJ.
Given under my hand this 25th OF Sept. A. u. 1860
J. b. VAN HAGAN, Sheriff, N. C..
52-td BY JAMES b. VAN HAGAN, Deputy.
The Nevada Democrat., 1860-10-11
4 DMINIsTR ATOR,s NOTICE.-NotIco

4 DMINISTIkATOIt'S SNOTICE.=NOtice
IA is hereby given to all persons having demands
against the estate of DAVID SALTSGAVER deceased,
to present the to me- with the necessary vouch-
ers at the Office fT II. Caswell corner of Pine and
Commercial sts., Nevada, within ten months from
the publication of this notice, or the will be
forever barred.
H. r. THOMPSON, Pub Admir-.
Nevada Sept 18th 1s60.-50-4w
The Nevada Democrat., 1860-10-11

SUDDEN DEATH.-A man named Kelly
died suddenly, at Oroville. last Thursday.
The Nevada Democrat., 1860-10-11
Legal. Notices,
c,InIM0Ns.-sTATE OTo CALTFORNIA


- County of Nevada Tos nship of Nevada, ss Be.
fore F.. W Smith J. 7. The People of the State of
California to JOHN SHIPTON, Greeting
You are hereby summoned to appear before the
undersigned Justice OF the Peace, at his Office in said
township, on Saturday the oath day Of November A.
d. 1860, at 10 O'Clock A, NJ. to answer to the com
plant Of /. s. CUMMINGS, who demands of you the
sum of S65, 90 and interest said sum from the Stl
day of November 1859 at three per cent per month
until paid, as per complaint now on file in my Office.
On failure so to appear and answer, Judgment wlbe
rendered against you for the said sum OF S65 90 and
interest as above and co MS Of suit.
Given under my hand this Goth day of August 1850.
f.. W. SMITH, J. P
A true copy, Attest: W. c. Asher, Cons. n. T,
Upon reading the affidavit filed ih this cause and
it appearing therefrom that the said defendant is
nonresident of the State of California and that
said plaintiff las good cause of action against the
said defendant it is hereby ordered that service Of
summons therein be made by publication of the
same in the Nevada Democrat oy the period of three
months successfully from This date
Given under my hand this goth of Aug. A. D. 1850
l.. W. SMITH, J. +.
J. I. Caldwell Pl ifs Attorney. 47-3m
The Nevada Democrat., 1860-10-11

ENOUND.-THIS MORNING, ONBROAD
L street, q. purse containing a Gold Specimen,
and some coin The owner can have the articles by
describing them and paying for this advertisement.
GRAHAM GILLESPIE.
Nevada, Oct. I'd 1s6o.--oct2s
The Nevada Democrat., 1860-10-11
J.I. Caldwell, Pl'Gs Attorney.
CtTATE OF CALIFORNIA, County Of

AVIAIE OF GOunNy Oh
- Nevada SIS. In the District Court of the 14th Ju
dical District of said State
The People of the State of California to THOMAS
EDWARDS Greeting
You are hereby summoned to appear and answer
to the complaint of SAM ". STEELE, filed against
yon and j. C. Abbott, trading under the style Alb
bott Il Edwards within ten days from the service of
this writ, if served on you in this county, within
twenty days if served on you'll this District and out
OF this county, and within forty days if served you
in the State and out of this District, in action
commenced on the 7th day of July A. D. 1860 in said
Court to recover the sum of one thousand dollars
alleged By plantTto be due and owing him by these
defendants upon a certain promissory note mate by
these defendants to this plaintiff, together with inter-
est at the rate of two and half per cent per month";
as is more fully set forth in plaintiffs complaint to
this action on file in the office Of the Clerk Of this
Court, certified copy ofwhich is herewith served.
And you are hereby notified that if you fail to an
swer said complaint herein directed plaintiff will
take Judgment against you therefor by default to-
gether with all costs Of suit and also demand of the
Court such other relief as is prayed for in plaintiffs
said complaint.
The Nevada Democrat., 1860-10-11

IN testimony where0I 7, john ). Lambert, I1erll
(~~) the District Court, aforesaid, do here
seal untoset my hand and impress the seal
WI of the said Court, at Office in the City
of Nevada, this 7th day Of July A. D.
1850. JOHN S. LAMBERT, Clerk.
BY JOS. NJ. LEyEY, Deputy.
BY order of Hon. Niles Searls District Judge of the
14th Judicial District ir and for Nevada county.
A true copy. Attest, JN0. S. LAMBERT, Clerk.
BY JOS. NJ. LEyEY. Deputy
Geo. s. Hupp. Atty. for Plaintiff. 42-3m
The Ottawa free trader. [volume] (Ottawa, Ill.) 1843-1916, 1860-12-08


! =. ILIsH- Oh ,'r'.''7 '"-' ,''-' '-'.'',7
10 the "4.ai \e',-l "ih~i ID ia,"'i "t'..-,,
our article 'n Ms i~F'.',r German '.'.'t-
ty "' cheese. ~ COPY ms ''.-11'''''7 '''
lis '"aa'ariu'e:
Limbaugh cheese Is manufactured prin-
cipai.y 10y one finn in Ne" oril, WHO sup
ply the article 10 dealers IN a.. tue Iar2e
towns from Boston II New Orleans and
California. Tie largest supply comes
from Lewis county, where some i'Ur or
i've hundred COWS are rented iof IL maHu-
lac,'me.
The implements CONSIST oi large cop
per kett." which will hold about one hum
dred gallons, with Il large IRON bah "E
which il Is suspended from nj.-e crane,
by which 1t is swung l"to aud out q a
large arch, winch exactly ht7 the ke''.''
being open, however IL frou, to admit is
passage. \ series OF moU'as about the
SIZE and appearance oi those C>'' IN
moulding br!cH' are necessary eGcii 81 81 ~
m"uIos resting upon Do''' IAN q sinai
holes. ,,.-..t..,. L,.
The cheese naStF s ana 4. fS,>'.a'', ;.. ,.,' l"V
women are EN- E't"l CO. ,.,,;o, :" ',,;" ,t,i,,
neighLori'ood' hiFe co.'r,,,G''t ,,; !, ,,.i
houre pul up .ne,T IN. ,i So;i ,;j ot W ir,,tr