, 1860-11-09


cold 81 had Often" observes DR.. Wells, ~ in
tho pride Of half.kuowletgc, smiled at tht
means employed by gardeners, to protect tcl-
der plants from cold, u it appeared to me im-
possible that i thin mat, or any such tlimsy
substance, could prevent them from attaining,
the temperature OF The atmosphere: By which
alone thought them liable to be Injured. But
when I learned that bodies ON tho surface OF
the earth become, during still aud serene
night, colder than the atmosphere, by rsdiat-
ing their heat to heaven, perceived immedi-
atcly just reason for the Practice, which I
had before deemed useless. Being dcsirous,
however, Of acquiring some precise infonna-
tion on the subject, fixed perpendlcu1AFly in
the earth Of gfass-plot, four small sticks, and
over their upper uppcar extremltles, which
were six inches above the grass, and formed
the corners Of q square. the sides Of which
were two feet long, drew tightly very thin
cambric handkerchief In this disposition Of
things, therefore, notltin:, existed to prevent
tho free passage of air from the exposed grass
to that which WIS sheltered, except the four
small sticks, and there Was no substance to
rllate heat lownwar1s 10 the latter grass cx-
ccpt the c:Ambrick handkerchief. Tho tempe
rature Of the grass which WIS thus shielded
from the sky was, upon many nights after
wards, examined by Inc, and WIS always found
higher than the ntig1boring grass which 5as
uncovered, If this WAS colder than the air.
When the difference in temperature between
the air several feet above the ground and the
uushcltcrcd srasss did not exceed five degrees,
the sheltered grass waa about IL warm Us tho
air. 1fthat difference, however, exceeded five
degrees, the mir WAS found to be somewhat
warmer than the sheltered grass. Thus, upon
ono night, when fully exposed g1ass was clcy-
en- degrees colder than tho air, the latter Was
three degrees WARMER than the sheltered grass;
and the same difference existed On smother
night, when the air Was fourteen degrees
war1ner than tile sheltered grass. One reason
for this difference, no doubt, WIS that The air
which passed from the exposed grass, By which
It had been very much cooled, to that under
tho handkerchief, had deprived the Latter Of
part Of its head; another. that tic haudkcr-
chief, from being made colder than the atmos-
phcrc by the radiation Of its upper surface to
the heavens, would remit somewhat less heat
to the grass beneath than what it received
from that substance: But still, as the shell
tered grass, notwithstanding these drawbacks,
was upon one night eight degrees, and upon
another eleven degrees WaEncr than graes full
j. exposed to the sky, Z sufficient reason was
now 0btained for the utility Of very slight
shelter to plants, In lveTting or lcsscninss in
jury from cold, on still and serene night
The covering was Of most effect when placed
up little distance above the plants or objects
to be sheltered. A difference in Temperature,
Of some magnitude, was always observed on
still aud serene nights, between bodies shell
tered from the sky by substances touching
them, and similar bodies, which were sheltered
by bodies little above them found, for c1-
ample, upon one night, that the warmth Of
grass, sheltered By a c.,nbric handkerchief
In!oes4 ~" ~! w aat! M'ts lu1ce ue-
M. ..a ln.a " ieSe
~ s.Sse ~ @ W u manu-"
other nirht the difference between the tenn
pessiures F., Q. Two postlons o. grass, shielded IN
t.n,e the ;na,1saa " ~ ~ 80, ose neaeloneo
rrecs "1'' "A~ 4'o' W
.
nARoAEToRs.
1t;r ,,+on7sb;n,, t,,. ~ ton- t,.a,...
1,o.onctnr. NJ, ~ III ,t;"n a1aAsa t',e a,e
thcm fho,w hr m 1rearr 'ene 81 ,ai T.. as ua,1
n1y finsa Eho ,nsc ti,nn, p, o aen -, ~ nSa'
~. Hy taosG S,. WV na's ansnl IL use' can ealcu
y, ra,u..ttr ~ 3;S,,' f 10y ~ ost ~ uu
a." o>' oxnoJ;ann,. ~ .ta ~ ~ uselaG upon
f,a. cnit;nr i;1-e.;.se ~ -. ia1 " t1L3!ns
9 ia2 H. IA ~ VI lss;slns Gnt sIanl,
ha ;,,t1,,a,cad ,r-o,tI,, ~ IA. "nu nus.
.r,,.t ~ ,Ia .,.,atI'nr - ,;i:o1.s ~ i auoul
twn ,i,es1 haro,,ot,r o',o,io, ~ t'- :. 10y "
sen 1nuch G,rthcr and 10 go 1nrci ciaa-as ~ ~
u;;t,, Torc ccrt,;rtS. ;,t, t1n r'tn.o t,'a, ", W
can possibly do. however :.ood mr. n "uc.scr r ~ nr
.To., ,,cr.nro,,,1,o+ In 49,. ~ - 5asSl "
T., 40 ,fa,ti,.'r ~. 2 w, ~ 4"s 10 en1nges
.uodai ~ wv .,.at ~ NY: 1o WI pel.
~ tn!t ,ne uss9 anu OF
80 s:1.,1 ~ a. - a1stau1 oe
10 atss i'p, ee.a.su ~ tuc Ntlncr VI tnc! a.
:. ~. !! -, - ta u5u, tnal We eeousiuel
~ sne ~ venture tne IFsu!euon tnat ~ tno
r11S ropv f,s ~ f,rtu lonsss N3hont ona enese x 90
-vr . ~ "oso nis.t "nHa. nne.
fsr1ners ~ scnt,o"d "'o'' un''e1'1' an'ons lne
A'' ''s4' "a ''eo11a"o-
VALUE or 4suEs.
1rr1c,c,,oa 4~ooa ,eh,c ,,,,-, x,. ,,.
rain. ~ - 1nan,,rs than {. e,,.S,.. anosaa!t "
+,,ar,, ,n1 4hns. sha,11a 'e a1a u1, "eeat!ea ~
tnn4d,.ss;,,a @ 49, ,,n1,-ae ~ ~ " Aeu ~ttn
nt+!nn -t';, 10 'uyy io!e ont tlc
.r1.,,;a W. tu. s'o',s "tue ueconllos lug
,. .an..,,. "sn, ato
~ ~ tne n1 Ftn.n na,, ~ h ucn ~ ianes
~ '. ~. snsni 1toI .as soal' oal'e on4eacn
81 'sna conta !ai aslouhls u potne1' anu
sAas.l1 ~ enat eon1a!'on mosl avatlaole 10
n,rn, r;,..,n1,, ,,t'Iso .nAeo W.; w.n swamp
hraI.londs wre,1s c,c ~ond a.has ~alap, psaiat @
tcrial1v in fcr 1o,,t;n1, an5 10 ~. ~. ~
a,n,,1 ~. ~ 'nSi aua ~ tue ~
r,;|ea With at.ha u,onnr.. ,,e ovps, nn1 MHen
- - r"1,; r., ,,er-a;. tna n''sor.;a - ~
by the less valuable portions. When
sou. !, ar aentaat u posasn-ana "e naec 5et
Ia "nu an1t .n i,r.at1,- r .aa H., sts nay
~ ans,4a1no3 1; ~ th .ne ~, a no Ine |o.-
~ ~ oi ~. ~ ~ a.: : W. nilu II way lnIo
y Su nt at,a tuG actun th u 9~s 'n a ana M as
IL - mot r'eaa a nst q 'ho sou Is .he
!., mi ;,z ,r., 20 10 ~ sn;; .roe;' ~ t4as
naS nnn,nnsad na ~ ~ ino ;na nu
S.,o.,t ~, 49, W. ~ .st,,.i ~, tI 1uas,
a. r,,1ta- on s,,;!ea 49, ~. to.su ~
fJr composing with stable manurca. which in
turn, VIII be renddtSd &c IL better conditien fpT
tne use " plaais- Aaus tne Folasn performs
the dounie serr1ec: hfst, o. forwarding the de-
composition OF iheft mater, ana secondly, of
lnlnisnlng Potaen cFcn!ally 10 the soil but 1t
should never oe pronsnt N contact before its
application to Tue soil, with nanures Of
n1ghiy pcFtescen1 character, nor with artificial
manuleS Wa .noa p any form.
fesoneGt once o, c!esng 2a 9eayy gEoEth
1l 1ea tl%oGE from M en- acre sa
1,asf ~ t1:,o i1,r1,nS ,,,5;,w ~ tha,. ~
fsiic1 Thc sshcs Eara s:,.iarai a1 a1g MnelG =;
1-H an0 usso eanine1 lo!oH.
so;, ts.es ~; ny 1;t.S ~, es Wy, aua 1aat
!. ueu: .:,1 w. III otner nelas around
IL, elin }!etas mteea .4, ~ .A!as per cent, more
r., mne4s a .an 1ne eonte u'us isno' e'e1e time II
ID e1oPPeo'
cARr1sG MANURE.
Aan5 gooa latM1Fs e2tt on manure in au-
lqmn, anu aePosst IN a5ec eonlcal heaps, near
~ MnS!c IL W. " Wautsa loE neat yests crops.
IL 1nesc ls nanses " 'ne neaPs 1rceAng paoly,
n. au 49, sne" - soHu tuouEu II aue sp!lnS,
s9.ys,etlne " et.", AcpI ~ lts pace ~ poiee,
taa ~ ~ ta"i3Eo "a " Pas'!au2 TO-,
teo manuTe snonn pc .e't N 1he 9arn,yard tiA
n.rBapora m .cr,cr