New-York daily tribune. [volume] (New-York [N.Y.]) 1842-1866, 1860-12-29
SONORA md CHIHUAHUA.
discrepancies Of The n. Y. Tribune
MINERAL Dc la TRIsrpAD, sosoRA,}

and were known and governed under the name of Vi.
reinato del occidente." Sonora and chihuahua were
then inhabited by comparatively few Spaniads on one
side and many and large Indian tribes on the other
The first were the masters and the second the slaves
Now and then, the other tribe arceo with the in
tenon OF throwing on the yoke. BIT iu every instance
tbey were eubdued BY the superiority in arms of the
SpanisrCs- At place called "Ahunito" situated on
the hanks Of the Rio de San Ignaeio have counted
mare than oc0 human skulls piled up on the aide Of
an isolated mourtain All nv efforts to find some Of
The bones which these skulls formerly belonged were
IN vain. and Of opinion that no regular battle had
been fought, but that wholesale slsusher must have
taken place on that spot.
The innumerable slveT-rnines of Sonora often extern
sively worked and great dep,hs prove TO certainty
that the ssll-existng Indian tribes weEe at former
period very numerous, and tina, all these mines had
been worked by them wksa saves Incredible
must have boen the riches wsA Nc Spsniards in this
way extracted from the gold ~ sver mines of Sonora
and chihuahua. This system of making the most ont
of tie poor Indiana carried until the beginning
OF ills century, and only abandoned nominay after
tie revolution Of 1872 the result of which was the lib
GRAFTON Of the Mexican peoI lie from Spanish rule and
DIN in Ition. But AFTER ALL the Indians have gained
but httle by that change Of Government. They have
changed their masters but not their condition By the
Mt and meet abominable peon system which reiyns
all over Mexico they much the slaves of their
rnasters a. they had been under the Spanish rule
Their liberation, therefore, has been but nominal and
Their situation Is worso than before. The Spanish
Government has, al least, done good deal toward the
civilization Of the red men, while the present Mexican
Government does everything 10 bring them back again
10 their original state Of barbarian. This Is one of
abe many natural consequences produced by the mis-
rule OF those wretches stood st the head of
the Mexican people and which, in the end will bring
about the ruin and desOlaiion OF that country.
The principal Indian tribes in the State O. Sonora
are the iaqlis, inhabiiing the banks of the Rio
Ysqu and employed as laborers all Sonora This
tribe Ii not lees than 40 GOO son and has been for she
Lust 30 years, with the exception of the Apache tribe,
tie meet troublesome in that State. The Yaqui is
snsn of stately figure, strong and intelligent. He
calls hineelf Christie but is cruel and barbarous la
the extreme he, together with the Apache Indian ia
the principal Of the ruin OF the State of Sonora
Next 10 the Yaquis, live the Mayo Indians found on
the banks Of the Rio Mayo; they are relatives of the
Tequis, aud speak with little variation, the same
language ano have the same customs and ehsrseters
tics. They not the Yaqus, but join
with them in almost every attempt at revolt against
the Government Of the State.
On the upper part of the River Yaqu and the banks
of the Rio &c San Joee live the Pimo Indians. This
tribe u reduced TO few thousand souls as by their
bravery soldiers they have suffered more than any
other tibe in the many revolutions of Sonora He is
Ss brave "a a Pimo,' is common saying among the
SonoreI ses They-The Pimos and the Ofratss-sre
tbe rsOss civilized Indians III the State OF Sonora
Theve 0frsts lnGians, higher up on the Yaqu River
and its tributaries the kios de OpOsura aud Sahuar
pa as well on the banks OF tie Rio de Sonora and
The Spanish language, and may lie considered Mexi
eals They always take sides With The government,
and oppoee the levantamientos Of the other Indian
tribes Trey are TIE fastest runners TO De met with all
OVER Mexico; and recolect one instance in which
servant of mine Ofrata of ~ years-ran after me
"a distance of 100 miles and this IN single day. and
while / was on the back of u magnificent horse.
The Papago Indians are found on the banks Of the
Rio do San Ignaco and she Rio de Tubutama Altar.
Also, in large part Of the Territory OF Arizona
They have the finest physiqGe vi all the Indians Of
g., L.. u.
They sve In peace with the MeSans, but are the Bit
eert%f enemies Of the Apaehes.
The rect Of the Indian tribes in Sonora known
Under different names and exist small ribes all over
1he State. They are the Gers, below Hermosio; the
AIenenos IN the Medanos de Ia Costa the Ponitss,
on the banks Of the Rio do huarpa, and the Msico
ras In the Sierra Madre.
The Apsches inhsbit psrts Sonora Arizona Chihua-
hua and New-Mexico. As u good deal has been said
and written about them pace from them 10 the power,
fIl tribe of the Taharumaris which are found
divided into innumerable smaller tribes all over the State
Of chihuahua. About 10 900 of them iahsb the deep
bsrancas Of the Sierra Madre and Tsharumsra, and
exit independent of the Of the world in state OF
hGrbarsrn. But few OF them speak the Spanish
largusge, and they neither q: peace nor at war
with tie Mexican PEOPLE. Nature has placed IN the
high and almost insnrpasssble mountains Of that region
. mighty barrier between them The great majority
OF tho 1alaruar tribe live the eastern slope Of the
Sierra Msdre and on the high plains Of chihuahua,
mixed up with the Mexican population. The Mexicsns
of chihuahua are q mixture Of Spanish and Tshsru.
man blood, and are therefore, with lew exceptions,
halfbreeds.
Boil Saies Of Sonora and chihuahua are, already
stated Inhabited by about 800 coo Eeoul-l5O O0j Of
wiki are fublo ded Indians lbs 900 hal breeds and
only 2O0y of pure spah blood. The foreign residents
Of al nations amount TO about 800 souls
is clear that in country where the blood Of the
req man 20 predominses civilization cannot progress
II all or but very little. Facts prove this In the
rear 1853, the ApaChee extended their depredatlons
only as far down Ures the capital Of the State bui
now they commit robbefies az far as HerInoelIlo,
siuaynas, and Real de ALimos. They visit in fact,
every part of the State the highest peaks OF the Sierra
Gsdre as well us the lagunas below Hernosuo.
From the progress the Apache Indians have made IN
The course of time The other Indian lbes have learned
that an overthrow Of Mexican rule 10 not altogether
xnpossibe and they believe that then rule OF their
own would commence. Ut foreign Interference
they have idea, and think that they can over
throw their present Government they can also resist
anybody else
f. il singular fact that q white man, and man OF
a qreti deal Of intelligence stands at the head OF all
thes Indian movements. The naine OF this man IL Don
Manuel Maria Gandars Ex-Governor OF Sonora. ne
is the Sun Of Spaniard, was formerly nerchant and
hss raised himself TO great political importance. IL
xyas in The wear 1898 when the Mexican people were
divided into two parties, the Federastas and non
Federastas that Gandars put himsef at the bead o.
ore payty and defeated the other The result was 'ss
be became the Governor and leading man OF the STATE
rpon which, in the course OF time be looked an ms
own uatrinony and that Of his family Now shd then
be was pushed aside BY the GoGerno dsneisi IN In
Mexico. and replaced by another He persuaded the
INDIANS that the new Government would depnve them
of their lads and call In the foreigners or Amsrcanos
who would ultimately conquer them and reduce them 10
slavery. He induced them TO rise in insurreetion
sgspst the new y-inBtaled Government, put blmseu
nj the head of the movement and succeeded each Tine
an Tie oyerhrow Of his adverssries So poor Sonora
in he lQ-