New-York daily tribune. [volume] (New-York [N.Y.]) 1842-1866, 1860-12-05


to draw upon them severe cbastisemenf lhls inter.
s had mainly through the medium OF omeers o.
the army stationed tie remote frontier or eh'eeo
eepdn Of Sp Sa%a"s these ns have
been at peace with US during the past year.
Peace has also prevailed among the treaty inoItns,
with one conspicuous exception. Irefer TO the Mo-
ways whose increasing turbulence would seem TO rem
der military operations advisable. The same may DO
ssid Of the Yanconnais and Cu-Head bands OF Sioux.
OF those Indians 10 whom reservations secured
by treaty it Is to beobserved that those who hold their
lands in common and those who hold in ssveraty bh
wbose reservations scattered about among the
white settlements have made and making little or
no progress. There are, Of course, exceptions, but
they are few in number, and result from foTtnitous
circumstances. Experience has satisfied that two
conditions are Indispensable 10 the success of any
policy looking beyond the immediate and tempo
rary relief Of the indiana II Is designed % effect
radical change in their habits and modes Of life, and
establish for them permanent civilization the ideas
of separate rather private, property, and sotaon,
must form the basis alike Of our diplomacy and onr
legislation.
Private property in the soil and its products simu
)stes industry by guaranteeing the undturbed enjoy
ment of its fruits and isolation Is an efectua protec'
ton against the competition, the cunning, ana the cor
rupting influences Of the white This is not mere the.
ory hasthe sanction Of prac-
tce and notable examples may be ced-those OF the
Winnebagoes and Sisseton and Wabpeton sioux re-
claimed in an incredibly short time by this policy from
the idleness, drunkenness and degradation Tor wncn
they were conspicuous. And IL Is no valid Objection u
the force ftbe Illustration to say that the same results
have been produced among the CT ocaws, Chckasaws,
and Cherokees who still hold their lands as tenants IN
common. The tenure in common is but nominal WIN
these tribes; every member Of them u protected In
the undsnrbed possession Of the home ne has mace
for himself in the common domain, ana his fSn. Oh
property in bis fields and the crops he raises on tne
are as acredy respected if he held them In lee ana
in severalty. Nowhere are the intercourse laws 70
gd enforced as among e iSe sRa Of p n
prorerty in the soil and it's products that the great
PROSPERITY Of these tribes is due. an strengtneneo,
then in the conviction expressed IN my last anhla
report that the only plan thai holds gu. any nppe 'Vr
the deeayng aboriginal races, Is TO conlne them 10
small tribal reservations, having wei-dehned ehteros
boundaries so that the intercourse laws can be enforced
thereon, and to divide these reservations INTO nrns ..
moderate dimensions, TO be held III severalty Dy me
individual members Of the Tribe, with all the fghts
incident to an estate in fee simple except that OF aen-
a,ion Annuities should be paid, not In money out III
goods provisions agricultural Implements and seeds,
and authority should be given to the agents TO discrm
mate in their distribution between the industrious and
the idle the orderly and the thrlftless These Ideas
form the basis Of all the Indian treaties which nave
been negotiated during your administration and VIII
suggest that they should be established BY law az the
! fixed rr"iey Of the Government
The colonization system, which was tried in Cali
forna and Texas under the direction OF Congress ana
from which at time hoped for the most favorable
results has proved entire failure 1t Is expensive,
and radically defective. To promise for it any success
one of two notifications must be introduced. Either
the overseer or agent must have right OF property LII
the products of the reservation and be allowed 10 re.
tain for his private use and benefit the surplus which
NAV remain after feeding and clothing the Indians OF
each Indian must work for himself and gather for him.
self and the idle and the hrtless must be made 10
feel the effects of their ideness and unthrftiness and
to realize practically the difference between hun who
| sows and reap aud bin who does NOT.
Frequent eQInpajn.s having been made by te Cher"
okee authorities of unauthorized settlements upon
portion Of their territory known as the Nentsai aho
fhac M
Last Spring the settlers notified that they were
Unauthorized intruders naked trespasses III fac
upon Indian reserve, and that they must remove OF
| the law would be enforced against them No atten-
ton having been paid to the notice the agent Tor the
Cherokees, acting under orders from the Indian once
has recently visited the reserve, and by the and OF the
United States troops forcibly removed the settlers from
that portion of the lying south OF what "
known as the Calhoun line 1t appears from the re-
cords of the department that owing TO an error In pro-
tracing the northern boundary OF the neutral land the
line was made to eight nine miles south OF the
true boundary, leaving outside of the reserve, as
| marked on the map, strip known as the DRY
| Woods, which should have been included in it, IL
was generally believed that the Dry Woods was part
| of the New-York reservation, on which settlements
permitted and the settlers there had gone in
in good faith and made valuable improvements, the
agent did not modest them Believing myself that the
settlers on the tract in question lawabidng citi-
zens that they established themselves there in good
faith and in utter ignorance Of the trespass they
committing, and that they have expended large snns
in opening and improving their farms, think il w9ud
be great hardship if they were now compelled TO
remove. j have, therefore suspended the execution
Of the law until the end of the approaching ses-
sion OF Congress, i'll order that they may have an
opportunity of applying to that body for relief; and,
as the Cherokees do not want the land, would rec.
ommend the passage Of law authorizing this land TO
be surveyed and sold as other public lands, and the
proceeds paid over to the Cherokees As it is express.
ly stipulated in the treaty of New Echota that the
lands eeded to the Cherokees shall in future time,
1choM their consent, be included within the terrific
rial limits jurisdiction of any State or Territory,
provision should be made IN the law for obtaining the
assent OF the Cherokees condition precedent TO its
taking efect and with view of securing such assent,
and preventing any future conflict Of jurisdiction the
boundaries OF Kansas should be modified 10 make
her southern line cOincdent with the northern bounda-
res OF the Cherokee neutral land and the Usage reser-
yatlons, as protracted on Mr. Calhouns map. The
same committed with respect to the northern
boundary Of the Usage reservation and as there are
line and Mr. Calhoun slime and their condition is in an
respects similar TO that OF the settlers the Dry
Woods, would recommend that the provisions of the
law be extended to the Usage reservation.
The Shawnees Miamies, and the confederated bands
OF kias Peorias, Weas, and Piankeshaws be-
long 10 that class OF Indians whose lands have been
divided among the individual members of the tribe
and are held In severaty These individual rsservs
tons do not fall within the limits of tribal reserve
uon but are scattered among the white settlements and
the evils resulting from nnrestrined ;n,a al
course with the whites. They are not onIv
making no progress, but are rapidly deteriors,;na.
and feel confident that, unless they are removed faS
Their present location, they will disappear atooetba
IN short time. would recommend that anthor5tv h
gwen TO this department TO sell their lands with fbsr
consent, and, with the proceeds purchase them -
either III the Cherokee neutral land or in some mart -
the Usage reservation. No doubt is entertained Of
the feasibility Of this plan, and il offers tie donbl al
removing diana from ina,