New-York daily tribune. [volume] (New-York [N.Y.]) 1842-1866, 1860-06-16

recent English writer tIaundal, in his "Memori.
ais Of japan mus sums upthe character Of the japan.
ese: "Tbey carry notions Of honor TO the verge u
fanacism; and they naughty, vindietiye and y.
centious. On the other hand brawIers, brsggars and
backbers are held in the supreme contempt. The
slightest nfraction Of truth is punished with severity;
they openheared, bospabie, and friends faith
full TO DEATH II 10 represented that there 10 no peril
Japanese will rot encounter to serve friend; that no
torture will compel him 10 betray a trust; and tbae
the stranger who seeks aid will be protected 70
the last drop Of his blood. 81. Francis Xavier, After
long missionary experience Of the Japanese declared
that in virtue and probiy they surpsss ali the nations
be had ever SEEN and tho latest and most competent
European and American observers bestow amoss
equally high praise upon the national character.
THEIR AGRICULTURE.
The agriculture Of the japanese Ia conducted with
diligence and skill With the exception OF the roads,
and of the woods required TO supply timber and chars
coal hardly foot Of ground TO the very tops Of The
mountains is left uncuitlvated Irrigation udlciousiy
applied and manure Of all kinds is carefully collected,
and used in the production Of generally Abundant har
vests The Grain principally raised 10 rice, which 10
said TO be OF very superior quality. Next TO nee,
the teaplant is the great object OF cultivation A
coarse sugar is obtained frora the sap Of tree The
gardeners of Japan have attained the art OF dwsrng
and also of unnatursy enlrgng all vegetable prodro.
tions They exhibit in the miniature gardens Of ne
owns full-Eown trees OF various KINDS only .nsss
A box was shown; in 1876, 10 the President OF ne
Dutch factory at Nagaski inches long, II WIDE aud
6 high in which were growing bamboo, a nr, ara
rum-tree the latter in full blossom; Inc R,ss as.ec
for this portable grove was about $Ju. Inc grown
of trees is sometimes stimulated that me branches
retcb 10 great distance from the uupk and are snp.
ported on props.
MANUFACTURES
The Jananese work admirably well IN iron, silver,
Gold and all metals Manufactures are carried on in
every part of the country, and some Of them arg
brought to such degree Of perfection as TO surpaa
those of any other part of the world. Their lacqumg
f.tl nfko -u~-E
with great skill in soras, q. mixture Of gold
and copper, which they color blue or black In
manner unknown elsewhere. Their silk and cotton
goods are well made, and they understand the art Of
making GLASS in all ts branches. Their steel swords
are unapproachable in quality, and they make excel
lent mirrors Of steel. Paper IL made from the bark Of
the mulberry tree in great abundance and Of remark
able strength Il is used not only for writing and
chiefs and napkins They are skful in carving and
desinkng, and in the casting OF metal satues which
are extensively used for IDOLS Their iron works, to-
bacco factories breweries diseries and other manu-
featuring establishments, are frequently on largo
scale, employing hundreds Of workmen. The cities
of Mako Yeddo, and Osaka are the great seats Of
manufactures. At Mako are made daInssks, satins,
aeas and other elk fabrics Of every kind lacquered
articles caps scarfs screens, fans, pins bowsrings,
paints, tea-boxes grindstones, and porcelain, and
earthenware at Osaka cotton goods and lron-ware;
and at Yeddo nearly every species OF manufacture 10
carried on. The people show the greatest eagerness
and aptitude Tor initiating Ill KINGS OF I<uIofsn man-
ufaetures, and they are already well supplied with
microscopes, telescopes, clocks, watches knives,
spoons &C., of native make from European models,
and sold at very cheap rate Iron and brass cannon
in the European style are made, and the bomb-eheis
with the latest improvements. Colts revolyers and
Sharps rifles also made by native workmen, ana
at Nagsaki works have been established for the pro-
ducton of steamengnes without European assistance,
and built which has been successfully
paveated from Nagasak to Yeddo in nine days, en-
| trely by native aeanien and engineers.
INLAND TRADE.
The internal trade of Japan il carried on with grsas
activity. The roads are good and kept IN exeeAens
| order, and stables, tayerns, and warehouses, arc
abundant for the accommodation II merchants aud
other travellers. Commercial operations are conducted
with promptness and regularity, and sometimes on
most extensive scale. The President OF the Datcn
factory in JAPAN who visited Yeddo in 1906 rays in
his narrative of the visit "There SILK mercer hero
named Itsgoya who has shops in all the great towns
throughout the empire. If you buy anything OF him
here and take away another town, TO Nagasak
and no longer like it, you may return it, if unchanged,
TO his shop there and receive back the whole SUM
paid for il at Yeddo. The wealth Of this man rs aston
tremendous fire, that laid everything, our residence
included, in ashes over an area Of about leagues
by H. ltsigoya lost this occasion, beside bis shop,
warehouse containing upward of 100000 pounds
weight Of spun silk, which fell altogether upon him
SELF the Japanese knowing nothing Of assurances.
Notwithstanding this he sent 40 of bis servants to our
assistance during the fire, who of great use TO
us. The second day after the conaagraton he was
already rebuilding his premises, paying every ear
penter at the rate of about ten shillings English
day." Goods are conveyed by land on pack horses
and oxen. But the principal carriage of merchandise
is by water for though the peculiar construction Of the
japanese vessels units them for long voyages they
are well enough adapted to the navigation Of lakes and
rivers and for coastng from port port, and crossing
from island to island. The shores of the Japanese
group afford great facilities for coasting trade rom
the abundance of hsrbors and of shelter for vessels Of
small size and these facilities are theoretically used by
the people Of the coaststvho keep ahoat vast
Der Of vessels from fishing boats junks Of 300
burden. Commerce is free from any impediments by
tells duties, and the inland trade ia promoted by
great fairs, which, from time TO time, held at the
city of Mako
FOREIGN COMMERCE.
Until very recent date the foreign commerce Of
Japan, for than two centuries past, limited
to the Chinese and the Dutch. The Chinese trade is
confined TO Nagasaki, where few junks arrive an
nnaly from the ports of Annoy Ningpo and Shanghae.
The Dutch were allowed TO visit only the port Of Ma
gasaki, where they had factory on o small island
called Desima, in which twelve or thirteen merchants
lived, closely watched by the Japanese, and allowed
very little liberty. Two ships were annually sent
from Batavia. Their eargoes consisted chiefly Of sn-
gar ivory, TIM lead, bar-iron, fine chintzes, broad
cloths, shalloons, silks, Cloves toroise-she drugs
spectaces looking Watches and various herbs
and roots to which the Japanese ascribe medical vir-
tues. The chief articles of export were coffee, cam
phor, lacquered goods, porcelain and rice. In 1885,
the imports OF the Dutch into Japan amounted 70 only
500 446, and the exports TO $220927 In 1850 how
ever, American diplomacy succeeded in removing tie
restrictions which had for centuries hampered the for
elgn intercourse with Japan, and many ports Of tho
Empire have since been opened TO external commerce.
The articles most in among the Japanese are tissues
of all kinds, cotton prints calcoes hannels canets
small patterned chinz, yeyets, wooden cloth blank
cts, red shawls, glassware, mirrors, drugs ivory mus
kets, and cheap clocks and watches. The most profit
able exports thus far are provisions. which find
El gllk bNr, OIL 81.