davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1860-04-19

SAILING or THE BRAZILIAN CoRvErE.-The Brazilian cor.
vete Donna Isabella, which has been staying at this port
for several weeks past took her departure yesterday
morning. On Tuesday evening deputaou Of tho mem
bers d the Common Council waited upon the ofloers
aboard the vessel and rendered them their regrets at the
leavetakng after which the company went shore 70
view the drill Of the Seventh regiment right wing Atseven
O'Clock yesterday morning the Donna Isabella weighed
anchor and was taken in TOW BY steamtug TO pilot her
down the bay. When abreast Of Castle William Cover
nor's Island, the Brazilian flag was up TO the mast
head and broadsde fred The salute promptly
turned by the soldiers the island who also the
American flag and discharged thirteen guns from the
fort. The corvette then on her way ds
appeared beyond the Narrows Her officers espresso
themselves ~ greatly pleased with their stay At
and were exceedingly grauhed at the kind TENT
paid them BY the authorities and the people genera
and their visit cannot fail to cement more firmly
friendly relations extng between The Brazilian and
ted States governments The Donna isabella will VI
the Azores Portsmouth (Eng), Lisbon, Cherbourg
Cronstadt before her return TO Rio Janeiro.
The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1860-04-19

Consul General Harris, but for the apprehended difficulty
Of our the vessel through The channel OF the Potomac
river.
REDUCTION rEyNY POSTAGE
The House Post Office Committee. 70 day agreed 10 .
reduction Of the charge oil letters delivered by local
carriers 10 one cent.
OFT FOR CHARLESTON.
large number Of delegates and others left here todsy
for Cbsrlestop, hc'sdipg Hon. Fernando Wood and
number Of hard shell delegates from New York.
THE NICARAGUA TREATY
The republican Senator's bsd conference to-day 70
take into consideration the subject Of the Nicaragua
treaty which, will be recoected was rejected and tina
vote aferwArd reocnridered II Is understood their oo
jeet modify the objscti unable clauses that the
President csInot use the Uoised States forces for
The protection Of the property and persons Of Ameri
cars in that republic, without tho consent or
authorization Of Congress. Some Of them are
desirous Of applying . similar principle TO the
Mexican Treaty. Without the republican votes those
treaties cannot be rauned-therefore the democrats
drpoeeo press them without affordng the repub
leans full time to make their suggestions.
The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1860-04-19

ACADEMY OF MUNc-"Ia Sonnambula," with Niss Ado
lima Patti, Ssnor Bnsnol and Amodio, attracted The
largest house Of the The performances Il the
opera did not differ in any essential respect from thsss
which have preceded II, with the distribution, and
which have already been fully noticed. In the opinion a
many oOsnoi,ssvs Amina Mrs PATHS best y6se "
quite certain that her exquisite execution Of the
In which the opera abounds, cannos veil be exee
She 10 especially fortunate In having noe toner for
the operas Off the pure Italian school IN which she exces
In such music that of the "Sonnambuls" abe has feW
equals either side Of the Atlantic.
To-day there will be reheayesl Of the "Pohuto" for
Aas Kellogg and Friday, Ban the new prima donnas
will sing In "Norma"
The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1860-04-19
The New York atioaal Union Drlegats7

Troy, April Is, 1860.
The New York and Brooklyn delegates 70 the Nataon
Union Convention board the Francis skddy last nigh
were addressed by Rev Dr. Cox in an urgent speech
creed the Bible, the constitution, washnEtons Fai
well Address, and Pluribus Unum BE said he hi
twenty grandchildren. aud by The Judgment Day mig
have million, whose happiness would depend upon y
perpstuty Of tho Union. The obstruction Of the Unh
would no more benen. the master the slave than u
falling Of the armament would benefit the plantation
hoped the Union party would succeed, and 60 throas
the country ike the voice Of the thunder and tho spec
Of the lightning.
EI-Mayor slocum, and Messrs. Duer, Ogden, Brow
Hasey, Bodlne and Roberts, spoke. Gen. Tallnadse ~
spoke.
A large number Of delegates are in town.
hessrs Burroughs, Brooss, E. Jewett, J. DePeysae
Ogden, Of the two State Committees, are here.
The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1860-04-19

The South Carolina state Conventton.|
COLUMBIA, 8. G, April 49, 1860.
The Democratic State Convention reaf1rmed The Bali
tmore and Cincinnati platforms the Dread Scott del
csion. The proceedings conservative. The Ooni
venhon adjourned yesterday (Tuesday).
The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1860-04-19

Delegates to the Chicago Convention.
SACo, Me-, April IL, 1850
At the Republican Convention Of ths First District, bel
at Rddeford to-day, Leonard Andrews, Of Bdseforc,
and Mark T. Wentworth, OF Kttery, chosen del =
gates TO Chicago. They 60 unpedsed.
The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1860-04-19

The House Of L. j. Levy & Co.
PHILADELPHIA, April 10.
L. j. Levy Co.. the large retail dry goo 10 house, who
suspended IN lsS7 to-day paid $50 900 the last install
msnt on their extended paper The whole amount Of
their indebtedness over . million Of dollars.
The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1860-04-19

ec Mr. Calhoun had been the distinguished and special
leader Of the Douglas party in Kansas and supposed
to have been appointed Surveyor General upon Judge
Douglass recommendation. he certainly requested me
to have him retained assuring that he would support
the submission OF the constitution to the vote Of the
people, as he did until late period When Mr.. Calhoun
made this communication TO he requested not TO
mention to Mr. Stanton the Secretary Of State Of Kan
sas, and believe never have done 60 Nor should
have communicated 70 you except a. necessary to my
vindcation from the testimony you have shown me TO-
day In also due to rankness to further say hat am
fully impressed with the conviction That the President
himself did not get up this programme, though l
do believe was gotten up by some Of the adminstra-
ton others high in authority feel very serious en-
about this question OF producing the letter.
had refused yesterday to produce IT, and really and
sincerely think with all proper respect for this commit
tee that you have right to demand 1t OF me- and
certainly should not have produced the letter but
for the testimony you have taken to-day, and
especially the defiance that 10 thrown out, and the
suggestion that have been exhibiting o letter
that does exist and the intmaton that even does
exist dare not produce It, Gentlemen, that false, for
have always reserved the right to produce this letter
and publish II when and where and pleased, and
have never made the slightest suggestion to the
trary to any human being, have given any promise
or pledge In relation 70 Whatever. suppose that this
testimony which you have shown mo to-day, will be
given 70 the Pablo.
Mr. OnM-Thst b oar intention.
The CuArRxAs--At the proper time; when w get
through our investigation.
Mr. ROBINSON 1T viii an be made public.
The wnxKss-n seems, then, that not only are these
nt,manons such 90 regard - Affecting my HONOR and
which, were now 70 remain silent, would produce more
erroneous and neutrality-suspicious. aSains. upon the
public mind, whi,h could never remove, but it also
perhaps due 70 the President himself, in much you
have proved the letter 70 great extent by the testimony
Of Witnesses who have seen IT, to make public this letter. a.
though ASSURE you tina. with the intense reluct
anco not from any considerations personal to self, but
from other considerations Of public character Bot these
statements which you have shown me, IL any injurious
effects to tho country are 70 be produced at present,
would perhaps be quite competent the letter itself
think the letter has become now ~ Il were public
letter liz contents are proved before you, and must
b pubnhed Besides the President has also expressed
Hot 10 ns, but v Others, hh willingness hat should
The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1860-04-19

United States and member Of Congress- would be elect
ed entertaining similar views No possible object for the
benefit Of the South, or any portion Of the
Union, could be attained by forcing the constitution
upon the people against their WILL believe, too, and
stated, that such . course would destroy the demo
cratic party probably produce civil in Kansas, and
endanger the government Shortly after arrived at L.
compton, the county Of Douglas Of which Lecompson is
the capital, had held . democratic meeting
and nominated eight gentlemen, think, Is dele
gates to the Leoonpton Convention, Of which
John Calhoun, then the Surveyor General Of the
Tsrrtory was at the head The resolutions
OF the meeting required them 70 SUSTAIN the submsson
the constitution 70 the vote Of the people They pub
ushed written pledge TO that effect Rumors were cir
cuased by their opponents that they would not submit
the whole constitution 70 The people They published
second circular day two before the election, de-
nouncns these ruors q alsohoods and reArmng their
determination elected 70 submit the constitution TO the
peopo But for these assurances s universally conceded
hey had no chance whatever OF being electednot the
eyshtss when the Democratic Territorial Convention
assembled at Ieoompton July 1857 they passed
buttons unanimously endorsing, believe my course, a.
though nearly all that convention composed Of pro.
slavery men, for they constituted . majority OF what
WAS then called The democratic party there. A
resolution was offered In that convention, do
not recollect ns exsos words, but In substance
in favor Of sustaining the constitution 70 be adopted by
The I2compton Convention, whether II WAS Submitted TO
the people not but after considerable debate On The
merits Il the question, upon test vote that resolution
was laid on the table, by vote VI fcrtytwo 70 one still
70 entertain mot the shadow OF doubt that the
constitution would be submitted to vote Of the people by
the Convention nor do believe the slightest doubt exist
ed in the Territory. deem due 70 ankness 70 say, tina
from my long residence In the South and my very deep
gratitude to the State which had adopted me and clothed
me with the highest honors could besow, and repssted
from time 70 sme and my general views the subject
Of slavery should ihavc greatly preferred, with view
To msintain tho equilibrium Of he government, aud 10
perp.tuate the Union, which considered the great and
| paramount object-I should have preferred that
| . majority Of tho people Of Kansas would
| have made slave State. svowed
these viewa very fully in my public com nunicaons in
Ksrsas Inever disguised my opinions upon this subject,
ard especially reiterated the oplnon that thus in
favor a maintaining the equilibrium d The government
By giving ne South majority in he ssaas, while the
The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1860-06-08

oar VCro VI n COrf 81 p000omO0s
va o<uz, Nay Is, lees.
Gen. COmSsfoyt-Ns CAasoe for Hs~-zssasea's Ayysa
Contraoit d. Rals' Posso~- sabvsac- ne Jsaapcioa
Igag-Hsr Sale AVID Scisswe-L leyas Hwsa Csmees-
SatSS, DC.
ursgs the hero Of The day, said 70 have 5000 men
sno TO De marching upon The capital aas much
deoce IA el THAI he nay take whin iornsht 8essdes
This, troops from Morela Mnterey other places are
marching The Sane way the best u that Urags u, 10
good fs'ih The friend Of Dessaao bosh no donot
viii carry out the constitution 30 say people who ere
veil informed
This rs aAosher Why the treaty should be Aur
red on, " Nc mean 10 have II all Once this govern.
mest IN 70. o'y and sms no ssns coming forward, an
There sere u oomoufort intending Ian ling
but the m vemeht 10 ssd " have been broken up BY
Ufsea
shows that this traitor TIE cause Of all this revolt
acp nas 20 shame, nor dos 10 hs posiaoo
ers, would be snUt IKE dog ana ssryc nim rrh t
zaloass 70 Soe prisoner, though hr Amoo tired hard
70 c..os o'm me osn.r sssck up . aseree On Voc
sTeet oofpefs oeposing MIR ANON, reAesauiax toe
Preeidency oiin-eH an then hid himself hoie
What rioicu,ous fsrcs KIND Of people they
mott Do eho sunes 10 psaseptly. '.if
Those Who have ali their duty Affairs pe ading With Mira
mon Try W enter NE hur oe Meraod royAn,
probably ssn tne nten,isn of p.y~g tn Dssvss Attne
AAme Tune they are xcfsSg Tor k9Das after his
da Gus behavior be ell hAvv caAnce nor do oelieve
ina. even hs friend U~agA gould recnsuss him. c.
ptI'eDces pAst " bss deserved pan snment
Bot - n- bias no snse and WITH pockets fail OF money,
nc 0o<o hos dc arrived II iaapA, sbero R1Oirs
aid n"s osoassosna Offer n,n guard o. honor.
Poor cTeStare, bo~ no mas coce dOwn from hs ntgh
e.spoestiDely, earring CONDENSATION here.
French cooxs here viii ne dssppoioef, ~ they oil
resoy w!h thtR kitchen usensis welcome nbm,
shhoash the police are taxing ssroog measures 70 proeo
should not wonder Mr. Ma,he would come down
and tnat a0kust u1ts Ia Ia;a
The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1860-06-08
Laying OF the Corner Stone OF the Bethany
Baptist Church.

m corner stone Of the Bethany Baptist church, nos
ccurse q erection IN ry street, between Third and
Lexington avenues, vss yesterday laid with NE usual
ccrcmon'cs ne congregation % . comparatively
enc, having been orgAaissd In 1859. Thsy hsvs held
thcir services In var,ousplaocs and are st prescat
shipping In the old railroad depot In Third avenue. DO
tween s1uesh and sixty nrst streets. me pastor the
Rev. J. N. Folweu. and has been In charge but few
months. me ceremonies were opened by these oongrs
gated By the singing Of the 18Th hymn, bexinntns:-
Behold me sure foundation ssooc,
which God In Zlon laid.
Amer which ne Rev De- wmroS, cf the OivW street
BApsN church, odesed up prayer. and red portion
Scripture Al ~ ccsoluson the Rev. N. HAGUE. Of the
nsdssa avenue Apos church Addressed tbs people, and
In Ne oouvss OF In remarks alluded 70 the grovth
Of We city, and The great necessity q the
ehurch Keeping pscs with the sdvsseemsnt q the
people. Be spoke o. the youth q thn church,
came forward and gave history OF the church He stated
that they he'd but any three member y present, and
anong other shpgs that the COST OF budlng 20 far
81 So He cDciuded BY askins q ths charnAee 70
tribute toward the building OF the church
Tue box then put IN the stone, and Vcr OF bricks
following -Hsaov,ca skssch Of Ne cnusch; ARTICLES a
fsth md covenant; Ia Of the membevs md officers
Nance; Q fee u The religious and dealy ne ~spspsr'
Of The saor Ne Ssnday school soho>ns sacbers
40 A. . on ~ The masDn hal osmpletsd HE work o.
covering The stone, the Rev. Mr. rsouAs offered up q
bcpedscton md the congregation ttnpersed
There we're MOI more than hunared psrsoos present
vbo alwsvs attend such ocrcmooes from CURIOSITY.
the building pronisss 70 be very reel one, ADD viii
form quite an ornament apart from ~ usefulness 70 That
pzs q The city.
The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1860-06-08

FronvR SLAVE CAsE IN OScySAn james waseoner,
slave, who .As recsntU arrested and condaed IN jail
Cincinnati, Ohio, on tho charge OF being fugitive iron
service vs brought up before Mayor Hawkins OF thu,
city, on the 4th ipa on writ u habeas corpus servs1
upon the jsior, 70 show BY what legal right waggooer
IVES oetaired In custody. An attempt WAS made by
runped up evidence produced By the directors Of the
underground railroad 70 prove that waggooer free
man. but sisnsy failed. AFTER hearipg toe testimony
the Mayor sassd tbas he had doubt the drs that
James Wasgoper Vas slavs, and had heard nothing
dprrove him SUCH therefore be remanded him 70 jal
de ives bastened into buggy and driven Oh to AieIsn.
drs 70 The auction block me negro purchased by
Or. J. Q A Foster Of Newport for e7oo
The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1860-06-08

TrsAcry or DEATH GKrP.-rhe body OF the boy Smith,
Who, with hn brother, Was drowned 1t Albany San
cay, Vas recovered opposite this city ysstssdsy-sx
miles up stream. AZ some men employed board OF
OF tie TOW boats were engaged hauling up the hauser
the body Of the little telow found both hands cling
ing 70 the rope With ali tho tsuaciy that has been
ascrbed to the death grip. II u supposed hat
himself 70 the BY thiaCgrssp the oovpss sas
ss ned 20 the for forty eight hours and Ia enacy
~H 90 greet that even the very strong current
had mot foroc enough 70 loosen n.-fSoy fines, yuns
The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1860-06-08

OYSTER WAR IN MAINLAND Tho peop,e OF q. Msxy's
county eli up In 1t the conduct Of John Long
Ur'ah pp<u, George H. Morgan, Luke W. Hutchins aud
oscar Miles, for sszne upon and appropraihg all the
OYSTER bees In the waters Of Mary land 70 the extent Of
eooto0 scres. II would seem that nessrs Morgan and
Mics engineered bill through the lsts dem ,crauc model
sture without oppposon repeating certain ID ~ 90
toe Of the oyster beds Of the StAIe AMI allowing
Ill "vscsnt ands" under water, DO entered II the
sac lard Office without the payment OF any money
aree indignation meetn has been held In Leoosrdto
The &c ect, ana hessrs Morgan and Miles denounced
Tor thus oorrupy betT the interests OF their COZ
situsps resolved also 10 the
" tie Law, and 70 resist 10 execution, that whole
sale pupcertng Of the public domain under will
Of ssle value The parties concerned -Baimore
Pdus.
The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1860-06-08

RysrIr ov BuliAxo M.rcu The billiard match be
tween Phil neman, Of Cincinnati, and ~ Foley, OF De
svs, cane on . fsw days ago In Newport, Ky. me ssme
mar who ed be ,nafotk' II the close hundred sns
tweny seven poirs neman scored on bis isrresi run
grc nunjrcd snc ty ana Foley enc hundred and four.
The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1860-06-08

TorRrH oy Jrry crruRluoSs Common Council q
Rochester " ", have appropriated $3.50 for celcora
the Fourth Of JAY In PAL aver, MAJ, INC CITY
ro1ncfi hss Appropriated 81 900 for similar purroee
he city rogcrr ment ~ Worcester, hsss has sppfopr
a'ec sfSc, y.' q which 70 defrsy the expenses o.
ba'cc1 Ncertion.
The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1860-06-08

but almost infinitely sssy1ov vfvuI Bus posstshssandiug
a. ss .S soos q Nd ssssnos 90 ne p q ar Ss.ra
- Ne repoohcan csao daie, the mornooaoD and cha
o. oeesi most rssss DO IN the hearts q ooto Mr.
cars Of Ne~ York gill give toelr ticket that warm
ano ooroia support which they would have given Il
bst ressop tie rspahcsn ~ll lose Inoosaads Of
'oses IN the great State Of New York.
Nov the democratic convention to assemble It BsN
more shall have the patriotism and weldon 70 nomtoste
Mr. Dickinson, the vote the Epp,se iste sili o. sas
for the demo arc nominees In November nsxt W. say
M hosnson, Of :. ses YORK statesman, secsase ne is
DISK knosn throughout the country foe great soty,
ms sterling pstn'ism. snd his iudomssoe democracy
For no aor. iern statesman has had such
as have been gwen 70 NJ Dickinson In
tyery southern state, in California and Oregon, and
states tSs =. and most the nSTsns s.,
Terms Of Mr. DsSinson And IL the delegation no New
YoIs should have the sasscy, and mi ala patriot
sD, 10 present the name Of M Dickinson the reas
semehng OF the Co0venuon q BALI more. We have No
doubt u his In mediate nomination We arc s~sre mat
s p.s'e'snees Of ne m.jonsy have PC, Tor .r
convinced Of the utter imporsibnsy OF nomn<sng Mr.
DVosss Now have they not done enough Tor their u
voSsey And they dsyosed sun sheie i'd
nef.oce 70 ths gen man. 10 the in-vaplo esu nc,on Of
INC nsasonAi democratic party they pessistY
No, We believe them &C better p.tsinLs We believe
shss th~y are c0ovIncsd nly
homage enough " render even 70 the greatest fav
rte ana The most deserving mao LII them oow resolve
tbeir tneir oOuptry BY oueyiug
Mr.. Dickinson ~ once, the nonag VI
Copven,,on Baiumore hc Gill be scoeptsd oy
thuos OF the Convenuoo wo DO not oouot, and Will be-
pomins,ed mus viii harmony be restored 70 tue an
scted dem0cSa cy OF the Uaon Ana tbas will toAt las.
tie which bnds this sior,us confederacy Of sovereign
Sstes in government, Low 70 seriously menaced Dc
preserved and srepe'hened Patrtnm could nos tender
nobes duty 70 country To the dsieg elton Of New Yosk
reserved this high honor this no Die act OF devotion 70
country the party whcn susains and uphold IT'S
unity, its existance and It's glory.
And what Opportunity does the occasion present for
cenenne and consolidating the democratic party or New
York Let her delegation 70 tue National act
hsve above indicated, and the unity, hsf
power Of the democrauo party OF Empire state
faction the hour, not only New YORK. but fear
III fouP bout the Union.
The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1860-06-08

ton Railroad shows very gratifying exhibit Of
what can truly be called a paying road. The re-
ceipts for The quarter ending March 81, 1869 and
1850, are Al follovs.-
The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1860-06-08

TUG Tnhaoeiphla L~dyer of to-day notices the
following dangerous counterfeit on one of the De-
laware bsnks:-
We understand bat here bss jast been dAtscted dan
Rerooe altered tel dollar note purporss be a Tho
Cpzens' b. MidoletowD, Del but 10 really sSsrsd
from the et- -Ine tsos the bank Tue spurtous
note bss 10 g. 10 the nue ~th ooooosivs 6ss~esn
lower ends cha's bead ON efs OF t, and fsmAss sust
10 the reh 90 on each upper uer Cupid Win
Of epy lower right corner; obLd Win . sneaf q
gram lover hit coz The ge0uine have for
WIN hammer In MS haat; D. him farmer, sth soytAe
90 his Shoulder female, with rake hooing child by
the hand; 10 TO right ana let o. vignesse; John w.
CLAYTON on loser right, female on lover eit h geauns
over 'hs large x Tbs 10 quick work, - Only some
NO weeks sIpcs The bark vent ioto oper alton
The position of the dry goods trade is thus no
ticed In the Independent of today
The naSket bss become doll YET, considering
the ate pelod Of the sessou the sales By oebrrs are
without change ell staple desi~sels asyss Il
slk eooos Coth busy making up thsie nsssri-
ss or The fall uane. The export domestic hesvy ootS
these COOS 10 barely equal 70 tho dsmand ms
cotton manufacturers busy ~ % prospe-
rous. Domestic voollens suffer from ooopsttion
wrh foreign 20 IDS but the swuus TO exerton IN psr
fecspe their manufacture consequently strong, end VIII
coubuese triumph, ss the supply OF WOOL y hkey 70 bo
much greater Fuzzy cxssieres are 10 vogue, aod cou
sttute The PRINCIPAL SAILS II the wooen houSS fnoro
bss been serious dcaty 10 coy branch Of the dry
Rooos TRADE this eea-on Payments have been made
with the greatest regularity, an many cases ancps
tcd Tins has been especsy he case nth the aucdon
houses, where paper has not been ess,d Il an the
msrke-tbe principal houses circoaas ,hei, Gales,
snd keeping tho notes Of their cus'oosers Various
optnops OBTAIN IN regard 10 the extent OF he fall ade
The Presto eptisl electon usual 10 beloved, VII d.
N psh business somewhat With good crops snd easy
money market cannot ourselves hoe osher shan
largo trade can b. dope Importers DO ~ever, should
Dot extensive ORDERS To With any degree
OF rashnsss now would only be the height Of folly.
The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1860-06-08

CITY COMMERCIAL REPORT.

CITY COMMERCIAL REPORT.
THURSDAY, June T-6PM.
AHE were In steady demand, with sake Of 80 . "a
bbls 1t unchanged pr,c4s.
BRRADsrprs -Flour-Tbe market was Len active, and
closed nth tendency towards ssaAs and
Western, uhie the medium and loo brands we're
heavy and irregular Tue eales embraced about 1900