The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1860-01-19

very considerable When thcy fought brayely in battle
'neS freed but IN the case Of two thousand Aeiow
who received their freedom consequence Of their IN
common bravery the PeloponessiAn their masters,
the Iacedemonians took sudden fright Ut the corze
quenoes, although they had At nrst paid them every
honor and the manunited slaves disappeared suddenly
from human sight Every slave owner In Athens was
taxed three obo annually for each be ownedabout
nine cents OF eur money.
Among the Romans slavery existed In ali il maRntude
s 10 be traced back 70 the very earliest times even nj
those Of the kings But they differed in their noons NJ
tho subject from their predecessors the Creeks The
latter believed that slavery was founded and arose out
Of the different permanent dverses Of races the former
admitted that all originally free re Massrali)
the power Of masters their slaves by the
win OF society that the right to hold them was by the
jus centrum, the prisoners taken by war or the
jus cire, where Of full age sold himself The Off
spring OF slave woman followed the condition of the
master The influx Of slaves from the effects Of war and
commerce became enormous and as Of the territories Of
the enemies Of Rome when conquered certain portions
were always reserved by the State and the reemen
were almost continually engaged in war, slaves became
necessity in the republic to till its grounds to carry lis
trade aud pursue It's mechanical arts So too the
patrans OF these conquests became owners OF vast
estates they increased the number Of their slaves in
make those estates productive. Indeed their num-
Der became great that the poorer class Of aborers
were thrown of employment Out Of this circumstance
grew the agrarlan efforts OF Iicnius and the Gracch
who wished more equitable division OF property, in
der that the poor might have chance to labor.
In Sicily, which the Rranary Of Rome, the slaves
employed in large numbers, and in consequence Of
the expressions pracsed upon them they rebeed
raj times and Of these serve resstances was main
tanned for four years The Of Spartacus Of
the most famous Of these insnrrecons took place
nearer home, and threatened Rome itself with
throw About seventy years before Christ being one Of
a corps of gadators kept at Capua by professional
trainer Of the Of Lentuus he escaped with thirty Of
his comrades and they took up arms against their masters
His forces Increased 10 ten thousand men, aud after
wards to many thousands Though they very tickle in
their support Of him. successful in several battles,
and only fell before the superior forces Of his enemies
after fifty thoueand Of his followers slain in ual
pitched battle During the latter times Of the republic,
and the empire the Of domestic servants,
says Of authorities greatly increased. They were
as numerous in the households Of the rich they at
the present day in India.
In those days, when one wished 10 inquire how well OIL
any person was not In Yankee phraseology,
"what does he do for ivingY but Quot pascI seruosS-
how many slaves does he feed keeppretty much by
the by, they rate wealthy in the South The
slave took the name OF his master just as we see done
In own day-when negro viii tell you he is Mr. So
and-So's boy The Roman slave called himself Catpuer,
for shortness Capor, Lucfor, or Quintpor. Ten
slaves the fewest person pretending to respect
ability employed They also furnished part Of the
bloody shows Of the gladiatorsen thousand being
times exhibited q single occasion slave could not
contract marriage acquire property for himself except
by favor known as the peium he could not be harbor
ed fugtive the authorities everywhere enoned
to recover all such. and class Of persons made living
by hunting up and restoring the runaways As the re-
suit Of successful battle was generally the capture Of
large number Of prisoners the slave dealers followed the
armies and purchased the captves for the merest tres
but the trade Of the slave Dealers even in Rome. was
considered dsreputable in the extreme Still 1t was car
ried on to an immense extent, commercially, and
Carthage, Cornth and Delos were by the principal
mArts Of the day
They could notsue beeued and until the time Of JUST
man. when wrongfully detained they were compelled
TO get some freeman to prosecute in their behalf They
usually sold by suction, and placed, Athans
raised stone that they could be looked and handled
They stripped naked detect their personal defects
any, and even medical were called In TO give their
opinions Newly imported slaves had their feet whtened
their bored and the sales carried under
the direction Of the Aedes The character Of the person
to be sold written q scroll and hung round his
neck and the seller bound to him for six
months md to pay damages the purchaser had been de-
ceved The chief defects OF the slave considered
be tendency to epilepsy thievery and suicide. Slaves
freshly imported preferred TO those Of domestic orr
GIN the latter proverbal for their insoence and
trnnud T1natr
qualifications characteristics &c. morio or fool read
ly brought nine hundred dollars What chance this
would have been for many people we know. Dwsrs and
giants we're In great demand. A handsome boy would
bring about nine thousand dollars; handsome women
about the same grammarian, an author, an amanuen-
sis, an elocutionist shorthand writer doctor was
always in demand; but good cook worth at almost
any time three thousand Eve hundred dollars Of our mo-
ney An ordinary slave sold at price varying from one
hundred to two hundred and fifty dollars After battle
in the camp they plenty at about sixty two and
half cents.
Slaves divided into many various classes
Some belonged 10 the State and public bodies.
These took care Of the public buildings, and
sometimes served in the army, and If they behaved
bravciy they were manumitted. They had the right
Of dsposing by will Of half their property they were
less liable be sold and they attended upon magistrates
their principal business to attend upon them body Of
slaves was called family, and they might DO urban
rustic according to the character Of their service There
house servants, having the confidence Of their
masters with servants under themselves acting much in
the capacity Of Stewards divided again into buffers pro-
vision buyers &c. Particular duties also created other
divisions Of the household force and these bakers
cocks conectopers picklers porters bedroom servants
litter bearers and various other personages Of this de-
scrpton This portion Of the history Of Roman slavery
hes been curously investigated at various times and
among the authorities from which have drawn most
Of these particular facts Amsterdam work by
PgDoria learned priest Of Padua, "De Servs, &C.,
1874 one by Popma, "De 0peris servorum, 1871" and
IAN Inquiry into the State Of Slavery among the Ro-
mans" by Mr. Blair, Ednburg, 1888, which last would
bear reprintin this country.
It 10 singular fact that the discovery OK the burial
place OF the slaves and freedmen Of the Emperor Angus
tus and his wife Iva, in the year 1885, the Appan
Way threw great lirht on condition ard dc.,o.c