The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1860-06-26
TINE CREST CRUSH OF eUwoLlNt.
rveeimM Of What the Americas
1Yetropolitans Can no.
sseneet ing for the japanese Mercpcnms
to Remember,
&C., Ae., he.
TIE JAPANESE AT HOME.

III JAk ANkob Al UV0ks
IAo Topography, Climate, Population, AgL
-sultural and Mineral Resources, co.,
Ae., OF the japanese Empire.
Prom Karper's cyclopedia or Commerce.
II empire OF Japan consists chain of islands lying
- tho eastern coas, Of continental ASIA ard extending
pputheast and northwest between north lat 81 degrees
~ 40 degrees and east long 12s degrees and $50 degrees
Yosed between this chain Of islands and the opposite
coasts of and Manchu Tarry is the of Japan
which communicates by Of straits with the Chinese
Ben On the south, the Pacific Ocean the east the
saa Of ochotsk the north To the east Japan has 10
nearer land than California 600 miles or the nearest
yart Of China about 42o miles, and of Kamschatka 27o
miles distant The term Japan is probably corruption
q the Chinese name Jipun quot E., Kingdom of the
Sswee of the sun, Eastern Kingdom Marco Polo who
as the first bring intelligence Of country 10
Eusope, and who acquired his information China calls
y z.pangu. Tie Japanese is Nipon or Nifon-i e.,
Bon Source.
Jhesnpre ia divided into Japan proper-conssting Of
~ three large Aands Of Nipcn Kiusa and stkokf and
Ne small Islands Nipon, the largest and most
Rpcrant Of the grcrr and that which gives the
whols empire has estimated 100 600 square
i,os is length being than 500 miles while its ave.
than Great Britain. It's form that of crescent
with the side toward the main land. South OF
Npoc and separated from IL b. channel is the
aand OF Kia-sia Xmo, about coo NILES length and
sesct 80 IN average BREADTH thus containing area
aleu-. iS,soo square miles Lying northeast Of Ku-siu
ana e4st-aa 90 tho southern extremity or Npon j. the
hna OF si,kokf, soo about $50 miles Ieugt by 70
A average breadth Il ~ separated from Nippon by lcnx
strait IN parts not than mile width; aud
Sm Kia by Baneo Channel which is about thirty mile
broad North Of Nippon, and separated from II by the
sangar Strait Is the large Island Il Ycsso conaucs
and sclouy Of the empire Its form is that rrcgu
Yange, and .ts computed At 90 go square miles
Ne southern portion q the bland OF Rrao or saraon
~h,h eparaied from Ycsso by the Strait of Pcrousc
and the three souhcnmost Of the Kure Islanas-Kuna
soir, kurur, and Gu rop-belong to Japan.
The small Islands which surround these are generally
rseAy and barren but occasionally rich fruitful The
eo.e number Of Stands composing The empire Of japan
estimated at above 600 and the area Of the whole en-.
pre- Q, lees than 10000 square miles The coasts
dcult Of access not only from the multitude o,
rocks and slets which beset the passages but also from
The severe gales which more Than any other part Of the
scsan, asitate these Several dangerous
whirlpools also among ,he rocks. Kssmpfer re-
mark that nature seems 10 have designed thcse islands
b. sort O: LITTLE world secluded and ndcr-ndcn, from
She rest well by rendering dangerous 10 approach
fAer chores, as by cndowng them beautifully with
svs, ns nn,e, :, ot oxy and comfort and thus
oshcr nations. The japanese policy, which ryiiy
Srelds all ntercourse With strangers, N other crcun-
irierYOs:tiOn Of these natural barriers.
The climate o. Japan must vary considerably between
ne northern and southern eytrcitcs hut except at
sw points. posscss very little information on tho sub
respects 20 resemble INA. Of England Al Nasssak In the
iand q Kasiu, at'tsds 80 deg the average ,e.nrra
% deg Il Fahrenheit AZ this point the weather Is very
chargeabc. Rain Z frequent at all seasons OF the year.
but especially the months OF July aud aGgpst Ia no
ssnher and January the ground is GOV III with boar
frc~f and Dcasionay with snow, except IA very mid
Which blows fron the south during the day and from the
-ast az night. AZ simoda, tho island Of
v.irds 1873 dos 81 min. 90 sec, we learn from the
account of the american expedition Cfs525s), that
" ,e climate e moro or less variable in the winter aud
though there seldom frost or a, smoda Itself and
he no, unreaasn' rains. with The ever necessary ogs
pherc whlh chilling 70 the senses, and b. pro
ayciye Of OCCASIONAL niAmmatory discusses such as are
M uent The siring and wintcr with The change
81 wind altena;es oftcn between the sea bresEes
ron the socth, and he cold blasts from tho capped
mountains inland and produces the usual effects, doubt
,ss OF such variations In summer IL Is occasionally
very no, IN the daytime but Tie nights refreshed BY
tAe brccscs Prom April 10 70 May Is, record Of
The thermometer gives Y degrees highest AM IS
degrees as The lowest poni and OF the barometer 20
DEGREES % minutes snd 90 degrees As the season adj
vance the mercury rises no doubt much higher reach
ing probably - degrees ~ Fahrenheit Goluw
an kuss, , naval onSrr VINO was for two years
1<o sT1, cefr'bcs rs climate ne tsbws-'' me prds
sr lakes frct les IN the valleys plains from
November u April and falls great abundance a. nj
~ fetrrthurr Severe fruste indeed uncommon yet
6c tmp,rsurc - often two degrees below frecxing
point IN summer the rain pours torrents at eax twice
We X the hcrisnn " obscurc By dark Clouds violent
winds blow and the FOG scarcely dispersed Appe
rsrs and penches hardly rpenc~s and the orange
and lemon will not bear rutv OF the climate Of the stI
northern part OF the empire have no prcciss ac
a sAsaicn, which IL bus little fur her nortb than Paris
The not clear Of Toe carly Gulf Of Fnnd
For also, might be expected very preval,pt in
japan, and thunder storms are caucnt
he surface q The principal islands e IN general very
Irregular though In the interior plains
ole extent In many places bills descend close W
he shore OF leave only strip II land between
he water and tbs " bases The highest mountain sald
60 be fns extinct volcano, the island of Nipon,
wsstwnd Of the Bay Of Jeddo Its h clad In pcr
petna snow, thus Indicating height of nos loss than
~ consdcrabc elevation rise In the nortbsru
part Npon in Hesso, and In Saeaien some of them
are active volcanoes Besides the ouburss OF freouent
volcanic erup,cns, no country Is PROFANITY visited
~ desuNuye earthquakes. K@mpfer cnumera,es
elm active volcanic mountains. oFxrthouak,sv
Gays be, frequent that The natives
regard tbcn than Europeans DO ord storus
In 1853 az earthquakes took place ana l.s,,
for forty days. using TIE destruction the best csrt n
ahe city of Jeddp and the death alleged of 2ooo,o
ths island a. Kirsu, accompanied BY violent ear,h \
guskes destroyed In single province twenty seven VII
lagos Another volcanic eruption took place in tho sare
island IN 1Tos, accompanied By earthquakes which CON
tuued from March to June, anf caused, according 10 On
ria returns, the Death q SO 600 persons with propor
destruction u proTcrty On 23i Decenbcr 1894 AN
sarthauake occurred which fet on the whole coast
Sof The torn a i0oda only few tcmroa and priv.,.