Nashville union and American. [volume] (Nashville, Tenn.) 1853-1862, 1860-12-08


ter and are mainly the descendants of those who
fought the battles of the Revolution, and who I'M
derstand and appreciate the nature and inestmable
value of the liberty which it brought. AdheIing
to the simple truths of the Gospel and the faith of
their fathers they have not run hither and thither
IN search of all the absurd and degrading lsms
which have sprung up IN the rank soil Of intdelity
They are not Mormons or Spiritualsts they are net
Owenites, Fourierltes agrarlans, Socialists, Free
lovers or Mlllertes They are not for breaking
down all the forms of society and of religion and
of demonstrating them; but prefer law, order and
existing institutions to the chaos which radl-
calisIn involves. The competition between native
and foreign labor in the Northern States has already
begotten rivalry and heart burning, and riots and
lead to the formation of political parties there
which have been marked by degree of hostility
and prescription to which the present age has not
afforded another parallel. At the South we have
known none of this, except in two or three of
the larger cities where the relations Of slavery and
freedom scarcely exist at all. The foreigners that
are among us at the South are of select class and
from education and example approximate very
nearly to the native standard.
t. Tie aonslaueholde1 of the South preserves The
status of the lotite man. and is not regarded as
inferior or a dependant. He is not told that the De-
claration Of Independence, when it says that all
men are born free and equal, refers to the
negro equally with himself. 1t is not proposed to
him that the free negros vote shall weigh equally
with his own at tie baotbGx, and that the little
children Of both coors shall be mixed in the classes
and benches of the school house, and embrace each
other filiay in its outside sports 1t never occurs
to him that white man could be degraded enough
to boast in public assembly, was recently done
in New York, of having actually slept with negro
And his patriotic ire would crush with blow the
free negro who would dare, in his presence, as IS
done in the free States to characterize the father of
the country as scoundrel." No white at
the South serves another as body servant, to clean
his boots. wait on his table, and peTfDrm the mental
services of his household His blood revolts against
his and his necessities never drive him to it. He
companion and an equal. When in the employ of
the STAKEHOLDER or in intercourse with him, he en-
tiers his hall, and has seat at his table. If a dis
tincton exists it is only that which education and
refinement may give and this is courteously exhI
bited as scarcely 10 strike attention. The poor
white labo-er ct the North is at the bottom Of the
social ladder, whilst his brother here has assembled
several steps and can look down upon those who
are beneath him, al an infinite remove!
5. The nOn-SldUehOlder knOlos that soon as his
savings aoH admit he can become a stakeholder and
thus TeledUe las cite from the necessities OF The Kitchen
and the laundry and his children from The d5oTS Of the
field. This. with ordinary frugality, can, in gene
raj be accomplished in few years, and is process
continually going on. Perhaps twice the number of
poor men at the South own a slave to what owned
slave ten years ago. The universal disposition is TO
purchase. 1t is the first use for savings, and the
negro purchased is the last possession to be parted
with. If woman, her children become heir-lOOms
and make the nucleus of estate. 1t is within the
knowledge of the writer that plantation Of 50 or
GO persons has been established, from the descen-
dants Of single female, in the course of the life
time of the original purchaser.
g. The large shareholders and prOprstOrS Of The South
begin life IN great part HOn-SdUehoerS. 1t is the
nature of property to change hands. Luxury liber-
ality, extravaganza, deprecated land, low prices.
debt, distribution among children, are continually
breaking up estates. All over the new States of the
South west enormous estates are IN the hands of
who began life as overseers or city clerks ira
ders and merchants. Often the OveTseer marrIes
the widow. Cheap lands abundant haryests, high
prices give the poor man soon a negro. His ten
bales of cotton bring him another. second crop
increases his purchases, and so he goes opening
land and adding labor until IN few years his draft
for $4,000 upon his merchant becomes a very
marketable commodity.
:. But should such fortune not be in reserve for the
nosIaUetoler. he l0U understand that by honesty and
industry may be realized to his children. More than
one generation of poverty in family is scarcely to
be expected at the South and is against the general
experience. 1t is more unusual here for poverty
than wealth to be preserved through several gene
rations in the same family
s. The Of the nOn-SldCebOLder are and hare acdys
been among the leading and ruling spirits Of the South
IN industry loel as in politics. Every mans expe-
rience in his own neighbOrhood will evince this
He has but to task his memory Inthis class are the
McDufies. Langdon Cheeyes, Andrew JacksOns,
Henry Clays and Rusks. of the past; the Ham
mOnds. Iancays Orrs. Aemmingers, BenJamins,
Stephens Soules, Browns, of Mississippi, Simms,
POrters, Magraths, Aikens Maunsel Whites, and an
nnumerabe host of the present, and what is to be
noted, these men have not been made demagOgues
for that reason. in other quarters but among
the most conservative among us. Nowhere else in
the world have intelligence and virtue dscOn-
nected from ancestral estates, the same oppOrtuni
ties for advancement and nowhere else Is their tri
umph more speedy and signal.
3. Without the institution OF slavery the great sta
pie products of the South loold to be grOlCn, and
the immense annual results 1otich distributed among
eUerV class Of the community and obicb giUe life to
every branch of industry a0Ould cease The world
furnishes no instances of these products being
grown upon a large scale by free labor. The Eng
fish now acknowledge their failure in the East In
dies. Brazil, whose slave population nearly equals
our own. is the only South American State which
has prospered Cuba. by her slave labor, showers
wealth upon old Spain. whilst the British West In
dia Colonies have now ceased to be source Of
revenue, and from opulence have been, by emanci-
patton reduced to beggary. St. Domingo shared
the same fate. and the poor whites have been mas
sacred equally with the rich.
EXPORTS.
1883. 1860
s59, 900 s. to GOOOO 600
Sugar no longer exported the quantity Of Coffee
third Cotton tenth Of the exports
1883. This give upon Northern authority.
Jamaica. 1885, 1881.
Coffee ,l37 1893 4" 7,095G23
The value the present slave production of the
Sc civ