The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1860-01-04

were published We oush. to have both sides
OF the books to enable us to form correct
opinion OF the value of the present police.
al = w. n. fs
Questisns 90 be Disc usssd n shn E~
poem consrrss-Rishts or NeutrnIs =,
Sea-. ~ wM mta ~ r.
According tOtheadvices received by the Cana.
e., the organization Of the Congress was nearly
completed, and ira. body was expected to meet
about the middle Of the present month. The
objections anticipated On the part of the French
Emperor to the appointment Of Count Cavour
o. frat pplenipotentiary ofSardinia, seem to have
been waiveI1, for II is now settled that he ID to
attend the Congress- in that capacity. Some
trouble seems to Save beer occasioned BY
claim Of presidency SET up by the Pope for his
representative; but this is Q matter Of miner
difhculty, and has no doubt by this time eesa
arranged.
The assembling Of the new Congress Is nstu-
rally looked forward to with absorbing into.
rest by all the European nationalities. Az re-
CARDS Central Italy, its conclusions NAV be-
said to be in measure foregone; for with the
preliminary concession OF the principle that
under no circumstances is foreign interventiox
to be allowed, then there can be no doubt that
the political independence of its people will be-
confirmed. Whether they are to be al
lowed to continue under the rule of
Sardinia, or are to be constituted iats
separate State, the result will relieve them
from all further control or indirect influence
on the part of Austria. With the pledges which
they have obtained from both France and Eng
land, they have only to remain firm to their
own determinations to prevent the restoration
OF the expelled dynasties, and consequently
the recurrence Of those dreaded evils. II has
always been our opinion that the French En-
peror desired to throw on the Congress the re-
sponsibility of absolving him from the regula-
items Of the treaty Of yillsfranca in this regard
Whilst he naturally desires to maintain cha
racter for good faith, he can have no desire to
force the inclinations of the Italian people.
He must see, like the rest of the world, that by
the reinstatement of these connections and
creatures Of Austria he would be perpetIaiing
that continual Intervention in their affairs
which il was his object TO put an end to BY thx
last war.
Although the Congress has been convened
ossensibly for the settlement OF this and other
questions connected with Italy, the interest
attaching to its deliberations takes q MUCK
wider scope than that attaching to the affairs
of that country. The italian question is in
fact but the pivot on which turns the revision.
of all that was accomplished by the treaties Of
1915, and mayhap, also, by those Of 1856. The
very preliminaries under which this body
meets, 80 far as France and Austria are con-
,erned, reverse and upset some of the most
important arrangements effected by the Gen.
yress Of Vienna, whilst the demand which Il Ia
understood that Russia is about to make, to
have the position of the Christian subjects Of
he Porte taken into consideration, must, If
conceded, modify, If not entirely alter, the
principles laid down in the treaty Of Paris.
Then, again, there is the condition Of Hungary,
once more la6oring in the throes of revolution,
10 be deliberated upon; for it Is not likely that
IA the discussion Of the dangers that threaten
Lhe peace Of Europe the disquieting aspect Of
hings in thatoountry will be lostsight of. Its
the certainty that Francis Joseph feels
hat the Congress will formally urge upon him
he necessity Of making constitutional conces-
sions to his Hungarian and Venetian subjects,
which Las su0reAhad to him the notion of abdi-
cation, in order that he may throw upon the
shoulders Of others task from which his stub.
BORN and arbitrary nature shrinks
The most interesting Of the questions thas
will be discussed by this body is, however, 60
lar as we are concerned, that involving the
rights Of neutrals at sea. There is no doubt
that an effort will be made to give effect to the
declaration OF the Congress Of Paris in 1856 on
this subject. and even to carry further the prin-
ciples laid down in it. Meetings have been
lately held at Bremen, Hamburg and Berlin, at
which it was resolved to urge upon the consi-
deration Of the Congress the justice of establish
ing the inviolability Of private property on the
high seas under every stata of circumstances
Now, whilst abstractedly we can have no OBJ
lection to principle which guarantees the
security of our commercial marine, we cannot
accept it unaccompanied by conditions that
would compensate us for the abandonment of
such means Of protection as we possess for our,
coasts. If the right of blockade is still to he
left open, it is clear that we shall he unable to
come to any agreement with the European Pow.
ers on this question.
SPEECH OF HoN. WADE HAMProN-A GREAT
SOUTHERN STAKEHOLDER on THE AFRICAN SLAVE
TRADE AND THE UMoN-We have before us
late speech Of the Hon. Wade Hampton, in the
Senate Of South Carolina, on the African Slave
Trade, the Constitution and the Union, which
we hope soon to spread full length before our
readers. For the presen. we have space only
for a passing remark or two concerning it.