The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1860-10-11
THE FALL OF ANCONA.

the Italian observation-disclosures OF the
States Of the Church, sc.
Ancona has capitulated--has mllen-the last strong
hold in the Pspa dominons. Such sits strategcll i'm
portance, that the Paris oonnal Of the 25h nltimo
obseryed-"Al eyes turned towards the citadel
OF Ancona In fact II s there that the final and decisive
struggle must take place. Of which the battle at Casts
ndardo the prelude between General Lamoriciere
and the Piedmontsse forces.n I not The nrst
or second time that this important stronghold OF
Central Italy has stood . siege, played promi-
nent part in the revolutions OF the Peninsula. It
10 OF it's most ancient and celebrated cities,
and the Power holding military possession OF u oc-
cupies the same position 10 the district Of which II
Is the key and the capital that the city Of Venice does to
the territory Of veneta. Like the Bride OF the Adri-
atic 10 situated the gulf Of that name and 10 only
second 10 Venice in Importance. In the revolutions Of
ls4S and lS49 Austria recognized It's value in srategca
by laying siege to IT, and after Its capture occupy
ing it with her troops till she compelled TO evacuae
II by the force Of events during her late campaign with
France and Sardinia
Ancona ID the capital Of the Aarca, or March, Of
Ancona and the chief city Of delegation in the States
OF the Pope, comprising 6l4 square miles, and with
. population Of about l76,o0 The population Of
the city is upwards Of 10000 It Is built
the beautiful slopes Of natural amphithesre spread
ing between two promontores, and from the angular
form Of the principal one Monte Comero the city has its
Greek name, Ancona II ia Of Grecan origin, and Is sup
posed 10 have been founded by Doric colony by the
Syracusans who fed from the tyranny OF Dionysius. II
celebrated port in the time OF the old Romans and
occupied by Cesar after the passage Of the Rubcon
Its importance in the time Of the Emperor Trsan is EVIL
denced by the famous works which he undertook and
which stl remain almost without any change The
port which began after that OF Cvita vecchs the
italy, the harbor the Italian shores OF the
Adratc. Its commercial status very high, but
declined after the discovery Of the passage 70 India by
the Cape II is visited by 100 vessels in the
year II the most important naval station in the States
OF the Church 1t has two wholesome erected by Traan
the other by Pope Clement XII. The triumphal arch OF
Traan erected by his wife, the finest marble arch In the
world stands on the old mole in singular and striking
contras. to everything around it. This magnificent
monument constructed entirely Of 6recian MARBLE Of
remarkable wilderness, and is beautiful specimen Of the
Corinthian order II Is of the most imposing
ments Of Roman grandeur remaining in Italy The
mole is also adorned with trumpha ARCH erected
by Clement XI but what business ecclesiastic had
with Iiumphal arch it is hard TO say The harbor is
defended by several fors-one built by Clement VII in
1882, and improved by the French in later tines and
another by the French when in occupation
Of the city 1882 Other streng Notifications occupy
the heights Of Monte Pelago and Monte Cardeto.
Ancona OF the cities Of the famous pentapos
five maritime cities whose territories stretched along the
Adriatic from Remin 10 Ancona, and extended into the
midland country far the ridges Of the Apennnes
The Peniapos was the inseparabe dependency OF the
exarchate Of Ravenna so called from the chief city where
the exarch fixed his seat Of governmen comprising the
territories or Raveuna Bologna ana Ferrara This dis
trict Of Italy, now called Romagna, was governed By
lieutenant Of the Greek Emperor AFTER the SCAT OF the
Roman empire transferred from Rome TO CONSTANT
nople. II ths OF his dominion in Italy, but
which he was Unable any longer to defend. II ap
proprated by Pepn and Charemagne wtht ut taking the
trouble Of conquerng occupying it, and bestowed by
them the Pore In exchange for /" mansions In the
SKIES" Just Louis Napoleon while sitting in the
Tueres and without firing shot, could the
Two sices, Lombardy and veneiiA the Holy Father
TO secure himself good Investment In " the world 70
come" At that very time Ancona in the hands OF
the Lombards, and was not in the power OF the
Western emperors to bestow. Future emperors dis
puted the validity OF the grant, and so did
the people, or the counts and petty princes
who held possessions Def from the German
perors. Accordingly, though this alleged grant was
made In the eighth century and the celebrated Prin
Matilda the most powerful then In Italy granted
the March OF Ancona again. in the eleventh century
the rich Magave Bonace Of Tuscany, and devoted her
life 10 the Of the Pope, In opposition 70 the
German Emperor Henry. Gregory, or Hdcbraud, the
by which he Ia better known In history, asserted
universal dominion and claimed the Divine right Of do
posing setting up princes WILL His best and most
influential friend Matilda, who ruled Lombardy,
Tuscany and other parts Of Italy, and secretly made
grant Of all these possesscss, including Ancona 70 the
Roman Pontn, though she could only have held them
lawfully rs nefs from the German Emperor. Such the
foundation Of the temporal sovereignty Of the Pope
and Of Hldebrand have vindcated 81
time with the sword and At another with the power Of
the keys the dominions thus conveyed.
Ancons frequently changed hands in the storms Of re-
volutiou and conquest. 1t sustained more vcisstudcs
than almost any other the coast 10 the sixth
century was besieged by rotIa, and Afterwards plum
dered BY tho Lombards, who placed over an officer
whose te marhess (modern marqus, gave rise 70 the
general Of the March Tor boundary which the ter
rory Of Ancona st retains After recovering from the
Of the sarscens became free city, and one Of the
medieval Italian republics from which Europe nrst learned
liberty and public virtue In the twelfth century was
one OF important cities Of the League or LON
hardy during the struggle between the Gue and Ghibe
lines When the German Emperor Frederick bar barosss,
llrs the Archbishop Of Nentz into Italy As his
representative the warlke preate induced the Ghibciinc
cities Tuscany and RomASna 70 second the attack upon
Ancona when he commenced In the following spring IL
was during famine ocoasoned by this siege thai The
young mother known "thc heroine OF Anoona gained
Immortality Observing one day . soldier summoned
70 battle but too exhausted 70 proceed this beau
ful woman denied her her infant and offered
IL 70 the warrior WAC, by this means, she seal forth re-
freshed 10 Eight for bis oounty Bolcsns AID tho pro
vlnces Of Romagna conquered By the warke Pope
julius H. IN 1900 But Anoons enjoyed is privileges and
iu freedom TN 1884, when surprised by Gonzagn,
General Of Clement WI, who, under the preiencc Of de-
Tending against the noursions of the Turks, erected
FOR, and Glled the city with Papa troops ms result q
this measure was the overthrow Of the constitution Of
Ancora which u enjoyed for centuries i ssna
tors were bsnshed and the absolute dominion Of the
Holy established beyond the power Of the people
10 ress, H. From that time IL has continued part Of
the states Of the Church. excepting those periods WHOM