davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Alexandria gazette. [volume] (Alexandria, D.C.) 1834-1974, 1860-10-08
NEW YORK. WASHINGTON, IN
GEuRGETOWN AND AL -


H<,aWmp,a psrxrTs
-. u. y: n n..'A|. pNhH 80 . l>-rr .z.,,
90 oLn -. %E''l r., Ih ,,,,, hl-,h' S'a
'."'"'F AZ, IT,, ,al'a" l''IN' !, Mar.
~ -, = ,t,,>ca, ',',,H ), ~, "!', ~ ,-
FAIRFAX. Capt s. Mott
SURPRISE, CAPT. roic
IuEkrnWN. Capt W"glom.
Ityl UFpkLl
,,''I. l,tvrnpp { DODGE.
'"' -, rr,,t ,tract
.L;,,,
"'"' 2'''"" "'i, 'i,,n n7ntr
w lIrin
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~ VI. IL. az
- VESSELS WANTED. n
- We are. nj all tunes, prepared tn-sG
Alexandria gazette. [volume] (Alexandria, D.C.) 1834-1974, 1860-10-08
VOL. IXI.
,,.y,nIli. Gazette and Virginia Advertiser.
Published DAILY NY
EDGAR SN0WDEN SONS,
:, s-,nt Dollars per amnum payable half yearly.

,1.xaadria Gazette and Virginia Advertiser,
A''1 EDN THE tOESTRE)
= rgHLlSHEp. REGULARLY, on
7rFSDAl> THURSDAYS, AND SATURDAYS,
:, - Five Dollar, per aunum, payable i'll advance.
~., ,g An'aaf Advertisements t">cted'ns one
- t,..a three times tnr on Dollar. ADVERTISE
-. .,u.us4al after three times for 80 cents Square
" ,, f>.a!s.tuS INSIDE. - cents OUTSIDE.
t..au.ul h., the yrtr al prices /" t." ngtced upon,
.r,-r..,. thc usual amount II ,t,s they may
tsrqpt. .-,.. ,,..
,lrl.taI. hs ih" N"nr not IL alscrti"e articles not
l In Il. rr.ular hu>incSs, IL iu>.rt III their
1. ,t,.,.l.uts other names than Ihcil own.
vt.I,,ss ,a4 OBITUARY NOTICES, eNteedng nv" lines wi"
',,'I3t tr,.! fag advertisements.
Alexandria gazette. [volume] (Alexandria, D.C.) 1834-1974, 1860-10-08

TUU T I : :. ] I u 4 ; = Y,
MACHINI and
IRON FUl ! y T. Il,
Corner OF Regal and Wllkos streets,
ALEXANDRIA,, VA,
IS prepared t. execute orders Tor STATIONERY
; STEAM EsGINrS. BOILERS. Mill ticaTimE. Shaft
ing. ruIIrys and hangers Tobacro:'rrcws, Pumps,
Slide and Hand i.athrs Drill! Presses, Wrought
or Cast Railing. Columns and i'lreIs, ''a$ or alter
Pine and Machinery "i every description. S"pc-
ri.r CASTINGS made order 1t short notice and
80, .,s,n,hI, Terms mp l--r"tf
Alexandria gazette. [volume] (Alexandria, D.C.) 1834-1974, 1860-10-08

TI1ilE undersigned have been appointed by Viii
/ liam H. Webb, esd. Of New York, gents for
this city. for tn. sale oi
Bakers Island Guano,
and are prepared 10 furnish Dealers and Farmers
with any quantity Of this most valuable FERTl-
LlZER, al lnwcSt established prices.
The BAKERS ISLAND is admitted to he tho
mo-t valuable PllOSPHATIC GUANO ever offer
ed 10 the Agticuiuralist. The analysis below
was made by DR.. Richard II. Stabicr, Chemist, OF
this city. and may he implicitly relied on.
Pamphlets containing the history ol this duano,
certificates from Farmers and Planters, who have
used it, on various crops, in every section OF the
country, and ample directions for It's application,
he obtained 1T our Counting house.
A""ig@;s by Dr.. 4. II. M"bicr:
Organic laatter containing some Ammona...S
Phosphate Of Lime ro,. pbos,hota 81 40
b" Magne>ia
Potash and Soda Salts ltS........................ ~
w di:! !"
ln.olnblc matter, Sand, Phosphate OF Iron
and Aiamnla... to
SlUU 90
Alexandria gazette. [volume] (Alexandria, D.C.) 1834-1974, 1860-10-08

~ N IL, ]. -: :
nASSENGEKS for thra :;u.d will i"nY" th"
[ AlexanAria Station. in the Orange Train, 1T
!, A. NJ, daily l>unIay$ cXcc!trd.) arrive ut Al
exunlria at ., +. NJ. Through tickets hy Tins route
to Middlcburg ANd Winchester.
The Trains l"myo Mount jackson dn'iy l>un-
days e$ceptcd,l ni 1:!o. i. NJ" nnd arrive IL Al
exundriu at l:J>. ?. NJ.
~ ,;-tr EDWARD GREEN. Treasurer.
Alexandria gazette. [volume] (Alexandria, D.C.) 1834-1974, 1860-10-08
nACIO ElfESTEf,

ATTUHNEl Ar IA II,
ssyTI.L practice in the several Courts IN The
w Distric! rt Coumh.,, aId III the Circuit
Court uf Alexandria.
UFficf, y" -. Louisiana aycnoe, near the 'ItI
tl4il. " a>iiin"t"n city.
Ef~rn,:..t. AI"ramdria. Va oct TIT
c. SRA DLEi,
CABINET. CiIAiHA SOFA MANI fAtlI tLk,
Co.p.r 81 hi"q Aitrrdsfs Aicf""'ft"' 30.
fgtS constantly rm hl,,d, AMI "t!e:a - the pub
/! 1,..au excellent = ..oi!mrni ot Cabinet Ware,
Sofas and Chair. -. every T.,rcry, and oil the low
-; terms. which, ',r durah.iiIy an'! finish. rhn"t
h..ur,,..,.i NH H-Ir
Alexandria gazette. [volume] (Alexandria, D.C.) 1834-1974, 1860-10-08

ItKOUND pLASTER.--We offer for sale best
" WINDSOR PLASTER, ground very nne IA
our own MILL at Sc per ton of 2s4o ns', deivereo
to cars or to vessels. The price VIII hot oe advan-
ccd and the farmer can rely upon se.''ns TUG pess
or,;eI, rrosh oround. whenever they may order.
:: 40 ~ MEADE MARYE.
Alexandria gazette. [volume] (Alexandria, D.C.) 1834-1974, 1860-10-08

nyARIE CUTLERY AND PLATED WARE.
Fine Ivory Handle Table and Desert Knives,
(,nrvers, &C., Platod Forks, Spoons, Ladies, Cas-
tor. Cake Baskets. These goods are Of the best
quality and canuot be bought cheaper elsewhere
oct JOHN OGDEN,
Alexandria gazette. [volume] (Alexandria, D.C.) 1834-1974, 1860-10-08

IIALL GOODS.--I have received my FALL
Il STOCK Of
HONNETS, MILLINERY GOODS.
LADIES DRESS TRIMMINGS.
and FANCY GOODS,
and invite the public to look at my extensive and
varied stock, before purchasing.
sep2 RICHARDS, ITO King-sf.
Alexandria gazette. [volume] (Alexandria, D.C.) 1834-1974, 1860-10-08
nr,,, coons ron uoUsEKEEpERs.

vOHN OGDEN, having received his Fall sup
} plv OF HOUSE FURNISHING GOODS, in
cluling many new ar,ieleS-lnvites esi1 IRON
hnus,.t..ncr:. Hot.l keepers, keepers Of Board
;,,,, ash,,aIs and all other new housekeepers will
,;n1 here large assortment Of goods they require,
,mJ NJ low prices. sep l3-tf
Alexandria gazette. [volume] (Alexandria, D.C.) 1834-1974, 1860-10-08

I INVITE CITlXENS ANn STRANGERS t"
| call ut nay Mt<tFA>TuEN, A".il Ms" &fFhH''
BETWEEN NA>"'S"f"S AND - .,,.,,,
and examine my !ar:.@ ''' hi'''S -
OF SApl'Lh"' "0',' 'I,.,,,,. ..;,,
surpassed IN III, l'"', 81 -,
nave on h'l'' "'''' '' . ''. ,.., -. r.,,,,I j.,
hne ana >"PSt''' " ,.l .,,,r:....
Guy - ro,,;.tv - can hr ls,uud IN any other
hn.. .,n.is,ius, Of II lAKNitS~ uI all knt:. from:
rho fire ,uilt work down /" Inc iray, cant. aud
III" MIC YUM W." ,rrrrN;.s ~ .,,.r, kind fine
plough harneSH' , r,,,.. i,.ii,..'
I'a%ks n "Hn '|s r""nS, ""S,n 'Ta< TsEn rrk $ss
Brides, MarI'nG't'S. Nht,. 49, ~, ,1I..',s
hneSt; Bunai" At!" f"",N N" 1, ~
Alexandria gazette. [volume] (Alexandria, D.C.) 1834-1974, 1860-10-08

,.,,.- .r,ar,,r sv,aT IoHN PERRY.
I,MuOT 4 PERRY. dealers in l. |. + l. Il,
- NAILS. LINE CEMENT. and CiLtlNEp
PLASTER. No. 80. S"Jrm lN1N *FEhET. ALiA-
,Snrt, VA ::p 2:--lr
THOMAS PERRY,
Commission Merchant. NJ. >. South Nharves,
ALEXANDRIA, VA.
feb IN 0-~iv
JOHN MARSHALL.
iyTBHSH y 1 r 4 .--i'rranirin, Va.
Ms," Office Oh Royal street, lately occupied by
A. d c. Z. Stuart ap 21-t
Alexandria gazette. [volume] (Alexandria, D.C.) 1834-1974, 1860-10-08

CARRIAGE POLES, Shafts, Wagon Bands,
Y Sulkev Shalls Bent Rims, Spokes, and
further supply Of Axle Grease The best article
w., made. GEO. L. BALDWIN,
coz King street.
Alexandria gazette. [volume] (Alexandria, D.C.) 1834-1974, 1860-10-08
f - 81; ~: Sd ;s:;;
ADAMS EXPRESS COMPANY


INVITE the attention ~ the public 1" TIA" i""'''-
| ties afforded by this Company, i"r In" i"lck AMI
safe conveyance Of Specie Bank Notes, valuable
packages. heavy and bul%y freight, So.
EXPRESSES Tor the East, /" Eatlmrrr fitila-
iolphia New York, Boston, Providence, Hartford,
&C., close nj our office daily, at | o'clock, /. VI.
EMPRESS ~ Tor tn, South. t" Richmond, Fred
oricksburs, Petersburg, g,,, !,'r r"iu,S IN North
Carolina South Carolina, and Ne"rslt, cI".r ;i
our o,tic. daily, ut o'clock, T. NJ.
EXPKESSE rs t"r h}urhhur1. Erjsto', know 't'",
Chattanooga Nashville. Memphis. New Orleans,
and ;nt.rucdiat, ruiul~ tvi. Grange :ud N"San-
Iria Rairoadl close al "u, "llte At go. ~ NJ.
and 6.30, T. NJ. daily.
our EXPRESSES aro always accompanied ~
careful and trustworthy inr&#cn rr@ ami l'c in'hl
..n r,lv unon MI bnsiuc.a entrusted! :" n h"us:
done with safety. punrtuai!tN. "md d"siai.a.
RArEx.-frvm Baltimore. ~ "rntS per i"' u.s.
FROM phiiudellhi;t 81: from New York. El.'"-
lc+7- No packages "t goods taken "y weight "n-
less weighing over "uh lbs.
NV s7-If Il. W. FALLS, Agent.
Alexandria gazette. [volume] (Alexandria, D.C.) 1834-1974, 1860-10-08

1p~ DOZEN Axe, Pick and Sledgc Handles, OF
| ~ No. quality now in store--and, having
been purchased at sacrifice, an offered III guam
titles at less than New York prices.
sep u GEO. I. BALDWIN, Hing ST.
Alexandria gazette. [volume] (Alexandria, D.C.) 1834-1974, 1860-10-08

TI1ilE undersigned have been appointed by Viii
/ liam II. Webb, esd. of New York, agents for
Alexandria gazette. [volume] (Alexandria, D.C.) 1834-1974, 1860-10-08
SlUiD 90
suPERINTENDENT'S OFFICE.

WM. II. FOWLE son,
o No. South Wharyes.
Alexandria gazette. [volume] (Alexandria, D.C.) 1834-1974, 1860-10-08
WASHINGTON BREWERY.

N. IIT y HINIl .ITrcl, FnlINdcInl
Phiial.i,thta. j. @>--'l:;m
Alexandria gazette. [volume] (Alexandria, D.C.) 1834-1974, 1860-10-08
CIDER MILLS.

iur iScntt
Western Reserve chronicle. [volume] (Warren, Ohio) 1855-1921, 1860-07-18
A GREEK ROBIN HOOD.

The French papers have the following
romantic account of the manner in which 2
the vicinity of AdrianoPle has been rid of
some troublesome robbers: The house Of a
widow residing there. was entered and rob
bed of valuables amounting to seven thou
sand piastres, her only wealth, by sezen
men who said they were members Of the
band of YAM, celebrated chief, who has
gained great renown in those parts; and
the poor woman used his name in making
her complaint This parsonage is a sort Of 7
Fra Diavolo, who seems to have modelled
himself after the brigand heroes of romance.
He is Bulgarian by birth, and robs no
one but rich Turks, whom he hates, and
has been known frequently to give the pro-
eeeds of such an expedition to any very
poor person whom he might meet. He s
goes and comes in the villages, where he
is well received and treated ike lord
1t must be sand that the rustic police are
not much protection, for they are too often
connected with the band themselves. This
VI. Yani goes through the country robbing
the rich, befriending the poor, protecting
the widow and orphan, and even watching
the magistrates to see that justice is meted
to the rich and poor alike. Now, Yani
learned that he had been implicated in the
robbery, and fully equipped paid the lady
a visit. Trembling the poor woman beg
ged him to leave her the little that remain
ed. "But have never taken anything
from yOu." said the brigand. "Are you
not then Yani?" said she. 1 am most GER
tainiy Yani, and 1 come to obtain the de-
scriptiOn Of those who have abused my
name and robbed you" Re-assured, the
woman gavethe required description "Be
content" said Yani, departing, 'yOu shall
obtain justice. No one stains my name
with impunity, promise you" Two days
after, Yani brought back to the widow all
she had lost, and with it the heads of the
seven robbers who had taken it. He had
followed his defamers with few of his
men, and had avenged his injured honor
upon them himself
Western Reserve chronicle. [volume] (Warren, Ohio) 1855-1921, 1860-07-18
Hliseellancons.
a WoMAN'S mo

81 never hear lady protest agains
matrimony, as you are now doing" sal,
Mrs. Villiers, "that memory does not trav
cl back to the Misses Sharpe"
What about the Misses Sharpc?" ask
ed her niece. Il hope they did not entel
the holy state of matrimony after saying
no pOsitively?"
"a woman's no means sometimes yes
Lucy"
Not in my vocabulary, aunt; but pray,
give US the veritable history of the Missc,
Sharpe"
"Well. let me make myself comfortable
first. Give me that cushion for my feet
throw my shawl little closer around me
and put another log on the fire; therc-that
will do. Now for the veritablc history ol
the Misses Sharpe.
when first became acquainted with
the Misses Sharpe they were not young.
Lucinda-or, as her sisters called her Lu-
cindy-was not fat and fair, though she
was forty. Providence called by her sis
ter Provy-was several years her senior.
Lucindy was certainly not as lovely as a
poets dream She was small and thin,
and took no pains to appear aught else
Her pride was to appear natural Her
hair, black and wiry, was her own. She
never powdered nor painted; never squecz-
ed orange juice into hcreycs, like the Span
ish women to make them bright; never
used henna, like the Turkish women; had
not even as much as heard of Paris masks
for the complexion-Yestris's paste or tale
She was true child of Nature, without
sham or pretence. She wore her bonnets
very close and her dresses very short; she
wore no feathers-it was a sin; Lucinda
Sharpe was one of those people who see sin
in everything they look at; who cry out
sin at every sight and sound that gladdens
this beautiful earth, and fills the heart with
silent ecstacy. She had even been heard
to reproye the young pastor for laughing
too loud. Hush, my dear, she would say,
in an awful tone, don't laugh too loud;
it is a SIM When in her presence, you
felt as if you were the greatest sinner in
all creation; that you had twice as much
original sin and twice as much acquired as
any one else. Ny DEAR she would say,
in freezing tones. 1 saw you during pray
ers look up several times from your book
at Mr.. Harvey. Now, Mr.. Harvey is
very handsome young clergyman; but the
young ladies of the church commit very
great sin when they look at him during
prayers. 1 never lock up from my book.
l never see any one in church.
Now, your eyes may have wandered to-
Mr.. Harvey's face during the prayer, not
because you were anxious to look at him,
but because perhaps you were listless, or
you could not give up your whole soul to
devotion as you should have done You
may have been mourning over this dead
ness, down in the depths of your highback-
cd pew, shut out from mortal eye. You
may have been bewailing your coldness and
to recall your wandering thoughts.
when, struck by the ferVOr of the minis !
Western Reserve chronicle. [volume] (Warren, Ohio) 1855-1921, 1860-07-18
dpottrp.
AN EVANGEL.

A rifted leaf went quivering by.
Beneath the blue of heaven;
A yellow leaf-and summers sigh
Passed with the breath of even.
1t was the weird like messenger
Of darkness and decay
4 lonely, mournful Traveller
To point the weary way;
The sexton wind would surely pass
To bury all the flowers,
And leave his shape upon the grass
His mattoek in the bowers.
And still as deeper grew the cen,
a bloOd-red dome raised high
Its disc, above the clouds between
The earth and crimson sky;
And the flood of glory shone
Down golden vistas bright;
Till darkness elasped starry zone
Around the waist of Night,
And then knew September kept
Within her FURNISHED hall
An ogie, wild, and never wept
Ger Summer in her poll.
1 questioned then the sleepless Night,
Upon her ebon car,
Chasing their fiery steeds of light,
Led by the yesper star;
And asked, "What need is to be won
Within the round of years,
That Summers golden belts undone,
When Autumn's finger sears,
And King OetOber's crown of grain
Falls meath old Winters SHOWS,
That yield when ApriPs tender rain
Is kissing up the rOse2"
And low and deep a voice came out
The starry sweep. and said,
30, man, the Wisdom do not doubt,
That has these changes made.
From evil still evolving good
The wholesome lesson see.
And DER it humbly ponder, brood
Twas written all for theel"
Fen in the storm-cloud's angry din
A golden page appears
The prism bow of promise in
A baptism of tearsI o.
Louisville Journq
Western Reserve chronicle. [volume] (Warren, Ohio) 1855-1921, 1860-07-18
DIGESTION. .

In 1921. a soldier, by thc name Of st.
Martin, in Canada, was accidentally
wounded by the discharge of musket.
which tore off his side, and left
large opening into his stomach Tho
wound healed, but the opening remained 1a
so that person could look into his stom-
ach, and see the process of digestion going
on. DR. Beaumont, of the American army b.
at 1Iaekinac, attended him, and expert
mentcd en- the digestion of different arti-
clcs of food From these experiments be
formed a table, showing the digestibiIty
of various articles of food. viz: Boiled rice. d
pigs feet and tripe, one hour boiled saso
and brains. l:4j; venisOn steak, barley
soup, ripe apples, l:3O; tapioca, barley.
milk, fresh liver. raw fresh eggs, dry cod
fish, cabbage. 200; gelatinc, turkey. goose &
pig lamb, chicken. eustard, oysters, boiled
beef sponge cake, roasted potatoes. hash,
2:3O; hard boiled eggs, roast beef and steak.
stewed pork, mutton, old cheese, bean soup
sausage. pod beans wheat and corn bread.
300; fresh lean beef fried. old salt beef
boiled, boiled polk, lied pork, fresh broil-
cd veal boiled or roasted fowls. beef soup.
400; fresh beef suet fried heart, roast
pork 500. --,-- O. e. i-a.f
Western Reserve chronicle. [volume] (Warren, Ohio) 1855-1921, 1860-07-18
OVER THE LEFT. ("

Who said it first, where and what for?
We ask ten men if they know, and nine Of
them answer, 1--WE do-over the Eft
But the tenth-like the ''tenth wave
rolls up an old musty record from an old
court in Connecticut, dated September 4th,
1905, and reads thus:
At County Court, held at Hartford. 81
September 4th, 1705: a
Whereas James Steel did commence an
action against Revel Waters, (bOth of "a
Hartford,) in this court upon hearing and
tryall whereof the court gave judgment
on the said Waters, las in justice they think
they ought } upon the declaring the said
Waters did review to Court in March next;
that being granted and entered, the said s
Waters, as he departed from the table, he
said: God bless you Orer the left shout
der.,'
The Court order a record to be made
forthwith. l'fo.-
\ true copie Test.
CALEB STANLEY; Clerk. e -.s
And what do you think they did with s
the author of this magnetic blessing? Af-
ter obtaining the written opinion of two -
ministers, that it was 'prOphane,p and
essentially "an imprecatiOn," they fined
him five pounds in good and lawful cur
rency, and bade him ''sin no more" And ID =
then, as if Illustrative of the saying, he 81
made five pounds-"Over the left. "-Chi-
ago Journal .s.f
Western Reserve chronicle. [volume] (Warren, Ohio) 1855-1921, 1860-07-18

PRIDE--In beginning in the world, if
you don't wish to get chafcd at every turn,
fold your pride carefully, put it undr lock
and key. and only let it out to air on grand
occasions. Pride is a garment, all stiff
brOcade outside, all grating sackeloth on
the side next to the skin. TBulwer.
Western Reserve chronicle. [volume] (Warren, Ohio) 1855-1921, 1860-07-18
60 M e!
BARNUM'S HARDWARE STORE,
at Warren Trumbull Co., Ohio,

rs now flied with ample stocks, and
i repIete with the latest styles of HOUSE TRIM
MINGs and most desirable cOIOrs vr painting blinds
Barnum intends to supply Paints,
Oils, Yarnish &C. inclusive Of A. No. l. Tip Tsp Ex
ira Zine Dry and in Oil; also superior quality ground
IN White Vsrnish, for Parlor u.s..
BARNUM will sell Merchants at
iObbing rates and deaes competition to outside
ofNew York. and he herewith sends his compliments
dealers that he is prepared duplicate the prices
of New York Houses, including the transportation
only those classes of goods where it fo-ms great
per centum OF the cost Nov on hand and shortly 20
arriye-IIees. seythes siekles mot Dauiel) scythe
Stones. Huhbers, Rifles, Rakes. Knives and Forks,
sprinss, White Lead, and Oil.
BARNuM keeps a fresh stock of
sADDLERYs Notice this ye VII" want to bug goods
low; Harness Trimmings sold iOw-Patsnt Leather
sold IOw-Brass Bands sold lOw-Carriage Trimmings
and Moss sold low.
BARNUM has some fine Pistols,
Five Barrel Shooters Rifle BARRELS, Locks Triggers
and general lot of Gan Trimmings.
BARNUM would make further
mention of the saddIery trade. by renartng that he
has laid his entire stock Of that class of goods from
the head dealers importers and be will sell every
thing in that line at lowest rates.
BARNUM invites attention to his
Gard herewith anexed:-
Western Reserve chronicle. [volume] (Warren, Ohio) 1855-1921, 1860-07-18

The desire of b.ing in the fashion does
not always arise from the mere monkey in
stinct of imitation, but often from a desire
that there may be no inference as to our
pecuniary inability to be 50. ..
Western Reserve chronicle. [volume] (Warren, Ohio) 1855-1921, 1860-07-18

Good temper is the philosophy of the
heart, a gem of the treasure within. whose
rays are reflected on all outward objects; a
perpetual sunshine. imparting warmth, light
and life to all within the sphere of its in
fuenee.
Western Reserve chronicle. [volume] (Warren, Ohio) 1855-1921, 1860-07-18

rs now flied with ample stocks, and
Il repIete with the latest styles Of HOUSE TRIM
MINGs and most desirable cOIOrs vr PAINTING blinds.
Western Reserve chronicle. [volume] (Warren, Ohio) 1855-1921, 1860-07-18

An active and faithful memory doubles
life; for it brings man again upon the
stage with all those who have made their
exit.
Western Reserve chronicle. [volume] (Warren, Ohio) 1855-1921, 1860-07-18

Attend strictly to your own concerns. for
we all have in our own lives follies enough.
in our own minis trouble enough, and in
performance of our own duties Deficiencies
enough without being eurinOs after the af-
fairs of others -7l .t.-l s-r -
Nebraska advertiser. [volume] (Brownville, Nemaha County, N.T. [Neb.]) 1856-1882, 1860-12-20
Canoes

Rome is now the chief seat Of The art
Of cameo cutting, two kinds Of which are
produced-thOse cut in stone and those
cut In shell. The stones most valuable
for this purpose are the oriental onyx and
the sard0nyx, provided that they have AZ
least two different colOrs in parallel lay
ers. The value OF the stone Is greatly
increase for this purpose if i has four or
five differently colored parallel layers, If
The layers are 50 thin as 10 assist IN mark
ing the device Of the cameo, For ex-
ample, a specimen Of stone which has
four parallel layers may be useful for q
cameo of Minerva, where the ground
would be dark gray, the face light, the
bust and helmet black, and the crest over
the helmet brown or gray.
AL such canoes are wrought By lapi-
dary's lathe, with pointed instruments Of
steel, and by means Of diamond dust
Shell canoes are cut from large shells
found on the African and Brazilian coast
and generally show two layers, one white
and the other pale coffee color, or deep
redish orange, The subject IS eut with
small steel chisels OFT Of the whine por-
iion Of the shell. Shells adapted for
cameo cutting are dense. thick, and con-
sist usually Of three layers Of differently
colOred shell material In one variety Of
these shells, each layer Is composed Of
very many thin plates, hat is, laminated,
the image being perpendicular 70 the
plane Of the main layer. and each lamiue
consisting Of series Of elongated prism
atic cells. adheront 10 their long sides
The lamins Of the outer and inner cells
are paraliel-to the hnesOf growth, while
those Of the middle layer are at right an
glef to them. In another variety known
as the cowries, there Is additional layers,
formed when the animal has attained Its
full growth