davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Cadiz Democratic sentinel. [volume] (Cadiz, Ohio) 1854-1864, 1860-10-31
Shameful Caius,hmy - isreci.i { nridge
Mcu, fake warming.

Mcu, rake warming.
The Cincinnati Enquirer, after alleging thai
four fifths of all tn Breckenridge men in 1ndi
ana voted fo- the Republican State Ticket" al
the recent election. adds: r-es
''The same was the case in Ohio and Penn
sylvania, and where the Breckenridge men will
have separate Electoral Tickets in November
and by so rhuch diminish the strength exhibit
ed by the Republicans at the late elections,
The above is absurd and sanderously false.
Every Breck'nriage man in Ohio can testify 10 its
untrmh, We do not know that we regret the
Enquirer has made its charge. Breckinridge
men will now see that unless they vote their
whole strength for an Electoral Ticket OF their
own, they will be Charged by the Douglas pa
pers with having voted for Linronjust as they
are now charged with having supported Brink
erhoG Had a Breckinridge State Ticket been
nominated and voted for, there would have been
no rooia for the calimny to which they are now
subjected. -Ne,oa,k advocate. 4. -,f, ....,,...
The Cadiz Democratic sentinel. [volume] (Cadiz, Ohio) 1854-1864, 1860-10-31
CADlz OHIO WEDNESDAY OCTOBER 81, 1860


The hero bleeds as they bear him on, and track
the way with his blood Faster and thicker thu
Mexicans swsrm--they see the circle around
the fallen man, even his pale face uplifted, as o
smile crosses its fading lineaments, and like Q
pack of wolves, scenting the forlorn traveller at
the dead Of night. they came bowling up th'
rock, and charge the devoted band with one
dense mass of bayonets.
Up and onl The light shines yonder on The
topmost rocks OF the rayine. 1t is the light o
the setting sun. Old Taylor's eyes are on that
rock, and there we will fight our way, and die
in the old mans sight.
1t was a murderous way. that path up the
steep bank Of the ravine! Uttered with dead
slippery with blood it grew blacker every mo.
ment with Mexicans, and the defenders Of the
wounded hero fell, one by one, into the chasm
yawning around.
A. last they reached the light, the swords
and bayonots glitter in sight of the eontendine
armies, and the bloody contest rosrs towards
the topmost rock. r'.
Then it was that gathering up his dying form
armed with supernatural vigor r-young Clay
started from the arms of his supporters and
ssood with outstre .ched hands in the light oi
the setting sun. 1t was glorious sight which
he saw there amid the rolling battle clouds
Santa Annals formidable army hurled back into
the ravine and gorge, by Taylor's little band -
But more glorious thing it was to see that dy-
of that sun which shall never rise fer him
again.
leave me-" he shrieked, as he fell back on
the sod, ~ must die, and will die here! Per.
il your lives no longer for me! Go! There is
work for you yonder!"
The Mexicans crowded on, hungry for blood
Even as he spoke their bayonets glistening by
hundreds, were levelled at the throats of the
devoted band. By the mere force of their o
verwhelming numbers, they crushed them back
from the dying Clay.
Only one fingered, brave man, who had
known the chilalric soldier, ann loued him long
he stood there, and covered as he was with
blood heard these last words. .t..
"TsH my father ho'c I die and give him these
pistols"
Lifting his ashy face into the light, he turn
ed his eyes upon his comrades face-placed his
pistols in his hand, and fell back to his death.
That comrade, with the pistols in his grasp
fought his way alone to the topmost rock o.
the path, only once looking back. He saw a
quivering form canopied by bayonets-he saw
those outstretched hands graphing with points
of steel--he saw pale face once lifted I'll the
light, and then darkness rushed on the lie o.
young HENRY CLAY.
Readers, these were the soldiers that Cor
WIN, who backed by Lincoln in the Congress o
the United States, wished WELCOMED with
bloody hands to hospitable graves" Abraham
Lincoln voted in Congress against giving these
soldiers supplies, and also against giving them
or their widows bounty lands. He is the can.
didate of The Republican party for the Presi-
dency.]
The Cadiz Democratic sentinel. [volume] (Cadiz, Ohio) 1854-1864, 1860-10-31


OF Reader, peruse the following statement
and then judge ofits facts for yourself 2at'ts
Abram Cole, of Brooklyn, N. T., well
known citizen there, had stiffered from Dyspet5-
sia ior some years, without permanent relief:
urti he tried Ayers Pills, which taken az
coreing to the directions for this COMPLAINT
restored him to health in few weeks. Aftsf
aninterval Of some months he has had no 70.
turn Of his complaint.
Geo. w Cross, Of Harmony, texas had al
eruption on his neck, shoulders back and iegs.
which covered about one third of his BODY. \ iii
kept the parts affected covered with scab. and
being often o raw sore, was Of course vert
tfoublesome and distressing Ii 60 much i'm
paired his h alth as to unfit him for business
and kept him in constant suffering. All isnedis
cal aid failed him until he took AYERS Comm.
Ext, sarsapsrilla. which cured him His skiu
still shows some scars from ulceratiof,. but ii ig
otherwise as clear as an infant'e. s6se deS
John IL. Shook, Esq.,an eminent Lawyer If
Richmond, Va, took cold which settled On
his lungs. A severe pain set 10 on the left
side, with bad cough, which was soon follow
ed by the unmistakabie symptoms Of consutnu-
ton. When reduced very low he eoti,tnenced
taking Ayers Cherry Pectoral, which, soon
stopped the cuugh and completely cured him.,
Prepared by DR.. ]. G., Aver q Co., Lowell,
Mass.
The Cadiz Democratic sentinel. [volume] (Cadiz, Ohio) 1854-1864, 1860-10-31

O5~B essed Is he that ~ ugly, in form and
features, for the girls wont modest him AZ 4 =
Blessed IL she that would get married but
can't; for the consultations VI lne gospel Is hers.
Blessed are the orphan children, for they
have no mothers to spank them s' hin n
The Cadiz Democratic sentinel. [volume] (Cadiz, Ohio) 1854-1864, 1860-10-31
SCOTT & LENNON,

Attorneys and COUnSellOrs at Law
t..t .s.,,.- CADlZ, 0. F H.e
2rWILL practice ia Hsrrison and adjoining
Counties. Especial attention given to the ousi-
ness OF Executors and Administrators, Sales OF land
on Petition OF Partition, Examination OF titles, pre-
paration OF Deeds, Mortgages &c. Collections
safely and speedily made anywhere throughout the
United States Office, Market street, opposite the
Court House. t" f..E ... ma2S'57
The Cadiz Democratic sentinel. [volume] (Cadiz, Ohio) 1854-1864, 1860-10-31
lsa S. B. SHOtWELL,
Attorney at Law aMd solicitor in
.

ulEar.sa 1894 -s tze CADIZ, OHIO.
CONTINUES to practice in Harrison aad ID.
~ joining ce.nlies and gives especiul and prolnp,
attention to Uotiecng business Of Executors, Ad.
mlnistrators,3 Guardians, " Drds Partitions, sales
OF Ian, 9, settle ement of Estates, Titles, TO Real
Estates, Couveyancing, Suits at Law and in han
cery, loaning aud investment OF money, and all
otter proie Ional business placed in his charge.
pcr iie is Agent tor lie state bank ot Ohio and
others, Tor loaning money, & c., &c.
~ Office In kligUres Corner, on Market street
launaIv 4 M
The Cadiz Democratic sentinel. [volume] (Cadiz, Ohio) 1854-1864, 1860-10-31
The offer or the Vice Presidency "a
NTF, YaGccy. 81

MF. Yancey. ~ l'l'
The attempt is made by the Donglasitcs.
now that their offer OF the vice Presidency to
Mr.. Yancey is proved upon them to wrisgls
out Of their UNPLEASANT situation by pretending
that the offer was a joke! A sorry Joke, in
deod, is this ridculoaS rretence! The offsr Is
no longer denied, but our readers may, never
theless. be not unwilling to sec the following
confirmation Of Mr.. Bsxter's letter: .s..es,-#
.fE EAsTviLLE. Va Oct. Is, 1890
III ne Ebtor of the Richmond Enquirer. c-
GESTLEMES: In your paper Of the 18th in
stant. which has this moment come to hand,
observe, in AN editorial. that you have received
a number ofletters from different parts OF the
Union, asking exact information az to the ten
der of the Vice Presidential nomination made
by the Douglas men to the Hon, VIM. Yancey,
AS witnessed that tender, and had heard
that some wers disposed to deny it, have
since requested my friends, if they should see it
denied on paper, to send ME the paper, or in
form the of the fact. Up to this time hays
not seen or heard the fact contradieted, and
therefore have had no occasion & state the facts
in regard. to the proposition.
FDuL u IL mas seen OF snail De QenlcQ by aiy
one, authorize you to state the fact that the
proposition was made by prominent friend o
Judge Douglas, in the room OF Mr. Pugh of Al
ALBANIA. in the cityspf Washington, in the pres
ence ofSidney s. Batter, Esq, farmery Attor;
ney General Of Virginia for seventeen yearsand
now an eminent lawyer OF Washington. and o
Col. i. w. Hubbard and myself when was
on my way from the Richmond Convention to
Baltimore Convention, aid before the meeting
of the latter. 51-ay .stE - fs, ..,75..,rr s.-s
Imsde the statement in a speech from the
public hastings III Baltimore on Friday night
the 28th Of September. and have not heard
that it was contradieted, although have no
doubt there were some Douglas men present at
the time. Irepeat, that you may name me as
the author, hany gentlemen shall deny it, ]
viii state the name Of the gentleman who made
the proposition to, Mr.. Yaney at the foot ol
this letter, but it may not be necessary to
mention his name unless IN statement shall be
Icpntradicted. II do not believe that that gen.
tlemen will contradict it. ...-a.s ...- ,,I-.s.
You can publish the facts ih any way yot
please lift be necessary. There was nothing
oil secret character in the manner Of renewing
a proposition to Mr.. Yancey with under-
stand had heen previously made to him.
write in haste, in the midst of trial in
court. ..s Very respectfully,
MIERs W FIsHER
P. S.-George n. Sanders ESQ was the
genticiiian who made the proposition,
The Cadiz Democratic sentinel. [volume] (Cadiz, Ohio) 1854-1864, 1860-10-31
ehatge. pfotsn as h IS By ,he N.shihg,on en-.

charge. PROVEN as II is BY the Washington Con
S'it,eioa, opens up chapter in p1litical gam
bling that has scarce parallel on record. W.
commend the charge ami the proof which sus
tains it To the careful attention or the honest
portion Of the Douylas party. Like the hblod
shirt of Nessus, it viii stick to Mr.. Douglas as
long as vestags Of tn, Little Squlttsr'' re-
mains, for George Sanders ia too well known
as an attacho of Mr. pouylas aud as his boOr
companion and conf lantal friend and sworn as.
sociat for any body to believe that he would
dare make such an osertura to Mr. Yancey if be
had not been authorizes to do so by Mr. Doug
las himself f-ML DtM. ..-......r --..
The Cadiz Democratic sentinel. [volume] (Cadiz, Ohio) 1854-1864, 1860-10-31
MASONIC NOTICE.
S. B. LuKNs.... .~,-..-..;,, H. Il. HARRIso
TafloT1r1&s

FTNHE subscriber has gain commenced the above
business in Freeport, Harrison county, Ohio,
Mhere he is prepared to make clothing at differ.
en-, prices, fashionable ond p'ain' al short notice.
made nent and goo1 JOSEPH ALLEN.
Fyeeuort Auy lS
The Cadiz Democratic sentinel. [volume] (Cadiz, Ohio) 1854-1864, 1860-10-31

slsA.tk GUS oi. stocking ! Yarn "
OUOU SO pair Blankets, all Weol a., ,,...
1fAlAfA LBS Carpet chain ior sale as :
lVVU : IL II McFADpENS
The Cadiz Democratic sentinel. [volume] (Cadiz, Ohio) 1854-1864, 1860-10-31

TTAS jus, received the largest and finest pssort
III ment OF all kinds OF Boots and Shoes ever
brouyht 10 Harrison county, which he will sell on
liberal terms. lie also manufactures to order alt
kit,,s Of boots ard Shoes, of the latest and best
style As he keeps none but the best OF workmen
In his employ, he can at all times warrant hs
woik
' lie keeps good supply Of Sole Leather, &c.
foa sale cheap, r4ss t.s5E
Give US q call.
g..4,. SAMUEL SLEM MONS.
The Cadiz Democratic sentinel. [volume] (Cadiz, Ohio) 1854-1864, 1860-10-31

= Blessed are they that have no morey ior
they are in no danger Of being robbed u ~
The Cadiz Democratic sentinel. [volume] (Cadiz, Ohio) 1854-1864, 1860-10-31
Tours respect

| q q . IINKaID DIT TETss78
That there Is salt enough left to save the
part--to form the ndcles Of an organization
that. within the next four years, will make tho
Ohio Democracy more powerful than IL Has
been since ths day its would. 10 leaders com.
menced their base pandoring to the fell spirit Of
Aholit'onism, our faith is strong. and IN all he
saws, we indorSe the letter OF our old jackson
friend, and make his Recommendation o,,r own
The Cadiz Democratic sentinel. [volume] (Cadiz, Ohio) 1854-1864, 1860-10-31

Not only is the maine Of the man who scted
as the chief fugler for Mr.. Douglas ut Charles.
ton and at Baltimore given, but tho names Of
other gentemen--men Of high standing and Of
undoubted veracity, who were present, are also
given to the public, and who stand ready to
substanliate the assertion made by Mr.. BAXTER,
one Of the most respectable citizens Of Wash
ington. iu f aae4 4Esa a:8 ,tts
Thus do the Douglas faction find their false.
hoods about Mr.. Yancey, and their double deal
ing, "lks chickens, come home to roost." The
The Cadiz Democratic sentinel. [volume] (Cadiz, Ohio) 1854-1864, 1860-10-31
Rusintss GarOs.
D, CUNNINGHAM,
JESSE III. mcmATi,
ATT OR NEY AT LAW,

OFFICE, MARKET STREET, CADIz, OHIo.
VII attend to all business IN his profession
w entrusted TO his care in the Counties OF Har.
rison, 1uscarowas, Jefferson, Carroll and Belmont
- NOV. 80, 1859 --ly t
The Cadiz Democratic sentinel. [volume] (Cadiz, Ohio) 1854-1864, 1860-10-31

NIB Duglas sez to Civ popular suverenty d
good bio in yure paper.
The day book. [volume] (Norfolk, Va.) 1857-1867, 1860-03-02

On the evening o f Wednesday last ire
mendous storm OF wind and rain broke over
the city of Cleveland, Ohio, destroying
chimneys, roofs, sheds and fences by han
dreds, and uprooting trees in all directions
churches, hotels, railroad depots, stores and
dwellings unroofed as if by magic, and the
air was filled with ioists, shingles, tin and
zinc. A woman was lifted bodily up and
dropped in the river, but was fortunately
supported by the buoyancy of her dress until
rescued by Mr.. Thos. Walters. Several
persons were hurt, bat no fatal injuries were
reported. This tornado, which lasted about
an hour, was also very violent in Nerwalk,
Grafton, Shelby, Sandusky and other towns
in the lake counties of Ohio, doing an i'm
mense amount of damage, but, so far as
heard from, without any loss OF life.
The day book. [volume] (Norfolk, Va.) 1857-1867, 1860-03-02

An old man of 70, named Crook, living in
the village of Columbus, Wis, brutallv muir
dered his wife on Tuesday last week. He was
found unconcernedly hopping up the blood,
in which she lay weltering on the floor
The head u the murdered woman was mang-
led in the most shocking manner-the scalp
was cut from the skull--the forehead was
cut and bruised horribly. The hands and
arms were wounded, as if she had raised
them to protecs the blows falling upon her
head. From the appearance of blood in va
rions parts of the house, it would indicate
severe struggle on the part of deceased to
escape the attack, pieces Of flesh, locks OF
b air, and blood We're upon the walls of the
house, on the table, ON the lounge, and on a
pile of bags that were in the room. Crook
is mi Jail awaiting his trial.
The day book. [volume] (Norfolk, Va.) 1857-1867, 1860-03-02

DEBUr.-Tha Cincinnati Times of FRI
day says:
"ro-Aight, Mary Irving, who, we believe,
is niece Of Washington Irving, and the
daughter of prominent Eastern clergyman,
will make her first appearance on any boards
at the National.
Mr.. Stephen Gardner, who died at Hing
ham, Mass, recently, has left family con-
sisting of l3 children, SO grand children and
A. great grand children.
lead LooK. For the last five weeks the
Directors of the branch Of the Farmer 3
Bank of Virginia, located in Lynchburg,
have been dead locked, not being able TO
elect President. Every Wednesday, that be-
ing discount day, they ballot, but ee CHI side
remains firm, and no election is made.
The day book. [volume] (Norfolk, Va.) 1857-1867, 1860-03-02
WASHINGTON POINT DYEING KS
TABLISHNIENT.

JEEICE--CoRNRR MAIN AND FENcHuRcH SITS.
HAVING every apparatus requisite, and the
E1artistic skill OF the German, French and
vre-eminence of my previous Ierutation) foc
cleansing, oyeing and refnishing Ladies and
Gentienen's apparel, sink, Satin and Canton
Grape Shawls, Cotton, Weosted, sc. SC. My
motto Is Excelsior, and intend to stand unri-
vailed. / solicit the continued custom of the
community.
NC 3--dlV Y. >. GUIUI.
The day book. [volume] (Norfolk, Va.) 1857-1867, 1860-03-02
THE DAY BOOK.

Sc1ENTfFlo NorEs.-In Germany wooden
railway bridges are not allowed by the OIL
cisl administration of railways.
The value of the oil and oil-cake crop of
5000, 900 bales OF cotton is estimated at
$l06, l77, 900.
When water solidifies into ice, its crystals
cross each other on angles Of GOO and en-
large the bulk nearly one eighth, with such
force as to explode rocks, trees and pieces of
artillery.
The number of patents issued during l84S
were 1920 in France; 3,7l in the u. States;
1900 in Great Britain; ,406 in Belgium; 703
in Austria; I'll in Sardinia; l07 in Saxcny;64
in Sweden and 40 in Prussia.
3l5, 900 miles of iron wire was used in the
manufacture of the Atlantic telegraph ca.
BILE, there being rs covering strands OF
wires each, or 1875 wires in all, in the outer
sheathing.
In the United States there are 1855 iron
works-SS2 furnaces, 4s8 FORCES, and 225
rolling mills which produce annually about
$500 tons of iron, the value of which, in
an ordinary year, is $500 900.
Native iron have been discovered in but
very few parts ofthe world. Specimens have
been found in Austria; and Canaan, Conn.,,
there exists a seam of native iron two inches
in thickness, from which horse nails have
been forged.
The total amount OF gold and silver yield
ed by all the mines in the world, from the
birth of Christ down to the year 1856, has
been estimated at .icteen thousand ts0o hun-
bred and aine millions, too hundred thousand
dollars.
Taking cold is caused, not by exposure to
uniform cold, but by reducing one apart of
the body to much lower temperature than
other parts.
The Emperor Fountain, at Chatsworth, the
residence of the Duke OF Devonshire, with
a head of water OF 3sl feet, carried through
2,62l feet Of pipe, plays to height of 267
feet. With the reservoir ute full, $50 feet
is the highest limit to which the water can
rise. The height of the great jet Of the
Crystal Balace Fountain at Sydenham, is
234 feet
The day book. [volume] (Norfolk, Va.) 1857-1867, 1860-03-02
A BrilIiant GALLERY.

WHO is not fond of pretty Pictures Such
w Pictures by the hundreds can be seen at
the magnificent Gallery of BURWELL d
HOLIDAY. No. IA, Main street in this city &.
where beautiful, striking and accurate speci
mems of every variety of AMBROTYPES,
be seem as perfectly gotten up as 1t is possible
to conceive, and any price from FIFTY cents
upward. Let every reader take the hint, ''to
secure the shadow ere the substance fades"
A special attraction win be found in the
B NJ s--a new and most elegant style of
mounting Portraits, which we have just re.
ceived. This is the new feature of the day,
and well worthy the attention of the lovers OF
the beautiful.
Recoilect, that we challenge any establish
ment to get up Portraits richer in tone, more
accurate in deliniation, more durable, De FOR
LESS MONEY.
mol BURWELL h HOLIDAY.
The day book. [volume] (Norfolk, Va.) 1857-1867, 1860-03-02
NOTICE EXTRAORDINA AIRY.
ALL THE WEEKLY PAPERS

NOTICE EXTRAOROINA AIRY.
ALL THE WEEKLY PAPERS
At the Depot, No. 81 Main street.
FOR THIS WEEK. VIZ:
Lsslie's illustrated Paper,
Haipsr's Weekly. Ledger,
Banner of Light. Home Journal,
Budget Of Fun, CLeslie's)
Dollar Newspaper,
American Union,
Evening Post,
Waverly Magazine,
Weekly Novelette,,
Ny Mercury,
Flag OF Oar Union,
Welcome Guest
United States Police Gazette
National Police Gazette,
New York Waverly
True Flag, sc, &c, all selling az 70 cents
each, Nick Max, Lesiie's illustrated Monthly
sna Aarpsr's Magazine for February, have all
come to hand, HATH AWAs
The day book. [volume] (Norfolk, Va.) 1857-1867, 1860-03-02
Revolution in the Shoe Trade.

The present crisis in the shoe trade has
been long foreseen BY intelligent observers,
and the only wonder is that it did not come
sooner. For ten years past it has been a
hourjshing and prosperous business. Every
village newspaper has been urging people to
go into bushes in order to increase the pc
pulation Of the town and enhance the value
OF real estate. The consequence has been
that too many bosses, without capital, and
without su f6cient knowledge of the business,
have embarked in it, and TOO many incom
petent or inefficient workmen have been EN-
ployed. Ii is remarkable that the trade has
stood up so well under these adverse in
f1uences, and resisted so successfully the
panic of 1857.
1t is only question OF time, however, in
our country, relative to the over action and
reaction in any business The time has at
last come, when q revolution in the shoe
manufacture has become inevitable. Too
much work and too poor work, in many in
stances has been pressed upon the market.
A better way than the present to lessen pro-
du ction, would have been tor the manufac-
turers to have discharged all poor workmen
and employ the best, giving to them, if me-
cessary,the increased pay required, and thus
offering in the market a reduced quantity
and improved quality of the manufacture.
No concert OF this kind, however, is to be
expected of manufacturers, and some violent
breaking up, therefore, became unavoida-
BILE.
BY the accounts OF our reporters, it will be
seen that the advance demanded by the Lynn
journeymen in prices, is from ten to twenty
tive per cent. And that heretofore the aver
age wages of the workmen have not much
exceeded So per week. This is unquestiona-
bly, too low to allow them to live comforta-
bly, at the present price of pro visions, bread
stufs, and rents
1t appears, however, that some of the work
men have made So to $l2 per week, and of
course some must have made considerable
below the average of SIS. We do not know
whether this difference is owing to the
superiority of the workmen or to the in
equality in the kinds of work. Probably
both causes have operated.
The shoe manufacture acre has proba-
bly, now reached its maximum. The west
is very much depressed, and finds necessi-
ty of resorting to some additional industrial
development besides agriculture. They will
doubtless begin upon the coarser kinds OF
shoes, and Massachusetts can only retain her
present vantage ground by seeing to it that
the material and workmanship are kept up
to high standard.
The effect OF the present strike will doubt
less be to distribute the inferior worklnen
among the farmers and fishermen OF t he
States, ahd add laborers here and to our mer-
chant marine, " here they are much needed.
They will add, there is reason to believe, a
better class of laborers to the interior and to
the seaboard than the generality of those
now employed, and in this way all depart
ments OF bushes may be benefited after the
etfervescence has passed away. The most
skillful workmen among the journeymen
will then probably be able to resume work
at fair rate of compensation. boston Ira
geler.
The day book. [volume] (Norfolk, Va.) 1857-1867, 1860-03-02
y. ROTTIMORE,

Z II z a q y q d .
4 have in store q large Stock OF Ladies', Gen
/ tlemen, Misses ana Children BOOTS and
SHOES of all kinds, qualities and styles which
will sell at the very lowest prices. The
public are requested to examine these goods
te'ot purchasing elsewhere.
r. DOTTIMORE,
No is, L. Side Market Square,
del Sign Big Yellow Boot.
The day book. [volume] (Norfolk, Va.) 1857-1867, 1860-03-02

VIM. a. GkA EIO,
shlpWRlGHT, SPAR MAKER AMI
CAULKER.
EvTfONAL MARINE RAIL WAY,
STEAM Saw MILL AND TTEDER
MANUFACTOEY,
Nc. 80, Wide Water street. Nor
folk. Va.
2sg NJ S. BUILDING MA TERlALS
FIhHiSHED AT SHORT NOTICE.
ct n--iV