The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1860-02-13

Actual Revelation ana BlsedsAeA In
south America-Rrospsctive Revolution
and Bloodshed An North America.
The news we published last week from
Venezuela, and the Intelligence we give this
morning from New Granada, although they may
not strike the general reader as important, pos
sess On interest and significance that should
not be lost sight of at this critical period of our
history. The whole Of South America appears
to be in a state of anarchy and bloodshed.
The American continent, stretching from
the regions of the North Pole to Cape Horn,
embracing within its limits various zones or
belts of climate, soil and geographical
aspects, produces in abundance every
thing which the wants and luxuries of
man require and of quality not inferior
to the products of any other portion of
the globe It's forests supply the finest timber,
its cotton is sufficient for the demand of the
whole world its sugar Is superior to that Of the
West Indies, better than that of India, and the
wheat of its Western fields is the finest in the
world. Gold and silver, iron and coal, copper
fruits ripen under its Southern sun, and the
products of agricultural labor are developed in
endless variety. That portion of the continent
lying north of the Gulf of Mexico has, for the
last two hundred years, been peopled
by hardy, thrifty and Industrious
people, composed of the Anglo-Saxon race,
intermixed with the active elements of other
races, which love of enterprise and progress
has brought to these shores. Under the rule
Of this people the American republic has at
tanned marvellous Development. The insti-
tuition Of slavery in the South, under the guild
made a benefcent instrument in developing its
resources and enriching the world with its valu-
able products, to an extent that the cotton of
the Southern plantations almost enjoys mo-
nop0ly all over the globe. Slave labor has
gradually receded from those portions Of the
is adapted to the climate, and has centred in
those States where slave labor has been Or
dained necessity by nature.
In that portion Of the American continent
south of the Gulf of Mexico we behold sin
gular contrast to this picture. There we have
number of distinct Independent nations, popu-
lated by the Latin race, intermixed with the
aboriginal people, which, following the exam
pie of the North American Colonies, threw off
the yoke of the mother country, and established
themselves as separate Independent republics
Mexico, Peru, Chile, Ecuador, Bolivia, the Ar
yop ho al
Nicaragua, Costa RIGA, Guatemala, San Saliva.
dor, Honduras, New Granada, Venezuela and
Paraguay; and in the midst of this nest of repub-
lies stands one solitary nation which still re-
mains o monarchy, growing and fourishing
under a crowned head-the empire of Brazil
What is the history Of these South American
republics?
1t presents record Of perpetual anarchy, re-
volution and civil war, neglected fields, deserted
harbors, agricultural resources undeveloped,
rich mines unworked, and universal retrogres-
sion. Selfish and unprincipled party leaders
have divided the people, and keep the countries
in an unceasing condition of International war
fare. Every steamer which arrives brings
news of fresh revolution in some of the South
American republics We all know the
miserable state Of affairs long existing in Mex
leo; and now Venezuela, which was esteemed,
as it were, the New England of South
America, has fallen into more desperate con-
dition, and in all probability will before long
be given up hopelessly to the rule of the color
ed race. In the empire of Brazil, on the con-
trary, surrounded by all these free nations,
reigns and progress is the order of
the day. The people are contented and peace
full, and satisfied with the monarchical govern
ment under which they live. There, no daily
revolution disturbs the course of things; the
country is developing its resources successful
ly; but the secret is that Brazil has maintained
the institution of slavery, while the republics
have abolished it. Slavery in Brazil is patri-
archal institution, as the slavery at the South is
with us; and under 1t that empire has grown
prosperous, and the institution itself has been
made blessing to both races, just as it has be-
come in this country, where the slave popula-
ton has increased from three hundred thou
sand to four millions. Slavery exists as nor
NAL condition in these tropical countries, and
it cannot be abolished without producing evil
results.
There is a set of agitators in this country
whose fanatical course is calculated to bring
the United States into the same chaotic condi-
ton as the unfortunate South American repub-
lies, and they seem to be laboring to that end.
Our Garrisons, Phillipses, Stewards, Giddingses,
Hales and John Browns are aspiring to the
parts of the Santa Annas, Monagases, Rosases,
Miramons, Urquizas and Floreses of South
America. They, too, would incite war of races
within our own borders; and if they should
succeed in electing black republican Presi-
dent in 1860, his first act will be an attack
upon the rights of the South Encroach-
ments and restrictions will be made upon the
institution of slavery which will drive the