, 1860-12-06
NOW AND THEN.



MULTIPLICATION IN 1889 AND SECESSION
IN 1860.
| Review of the History "f the NullIf1-
Sentiment ut the South Then and
Now.
From the y. I. Tlmcs.]
Those whose lives laye been so protractcd
| rs to enhbla them to remember the crisis Of
1852 IS cannot fail to be Impressed with the
various points In common, mud points Of con-
trast, between tle events Of that period and
| those Of the present day. Acting upon con-
yictions Of more or less sincerity aud intensi-
| herself compelled to question the impartiality 5
and lnpugn the authority Ut the Federal Gov
c1nment, and 1nisinterprcttny and misapp1y-
lnY the platform Of Southern Rcpublicanism
contained in tho Virginia resolutions Of 11933
80, aEeerted the right Of State to set at def
ance the enaetments Of Congress, and, If nec-
essary, to withdraw frun the Confederation.
The origin, character and event Of the conflict
! provoked by those positions throw so much
light upon the actual condition Of things, that
It cannot be otherwise than instructive to RI
call their leading historical points.
TIE TARIFF or 1S1G
The notification contest of 1882 had lis
source In that sectional jea1ousy which seems
now to hare reached its elimination, Tpon
emerging from the war Of 1912 with Great
Britain. With some glory, but with the achieve
ment OF the objects for which the waf was de-
clarcd, tho principal result OF value left to the
american people mas tic Lesson taught By its
depriyatfons through the long period Of non
intercourse, the embargo, and the actual con-
tllct. Without any individual resources at the
commencement Of this epoch, throughout this
period Of commercial suspension, the utmost
Inconvenience and even suffering were felt for
the want Of the necc=sarics and comforts for
which the country hal been dependent upon
English factories aud markets; and all classes
and all sections joined in the demand for the
adoption OF such measures Of encouragement
to home Industry, as IN any similar continscn-
cy should render us independent The protec.
tive Tariff Of 1916 Was the product Of this 1.a-
tional want. Adopted with the free consent Of
all the States, 1t at once Eaye the ANTICIPATED
impetus to domestic manufactures; but ow-
Ing to the peculiaritics Of Southern labor, and
the superior enterprise, energy and ingenuity
Of the Northern States, It was soon found that
North, while the South, by Its absence Of CON-
petition, Lad simply exchanged dependence
upon Old for dependence upon New England,
1t was also asserted t1at the enhanced price
1,aid for the commodities of Northern manu-
facture, under the tariff, was naid by the con-
oaiutlo ~ LIE 0ouiu anu elsewhere; anu m
additional reason for Jealousy was dscerned in
this llct- There vert not wanting Southern
orators to point to tLrce pence extra upon the
yard of cotton cloth, which tho South had to
pay for the advantage Of the North; and the
imposslhillty. of obtaining ton Of Welsh iron
without tribute Of tlvc dollars to furnaccmen
Ill Connecticut or New Jersey. At each sue
ecssiye revival Of the tariff during the Admin
istratiou Of Presidents Monroe aud Adams.
these complaints became louder: aud were
accompanied, on the part Of leading men from
South Carolina, with threats Of uulIitication.
aud new doctrines Of State rights pointing to
the policy Of secession.
THE TARIFF or 1873
The protective tariff Of 1S2s gave fierce and
more nlenacing tone to these popular mutter-
ings. The election Of Andrew Jackson. with
Mr. Calhoun upon the ticket as vice-Prcsfdent.
III tho lal! Of that year, served to calm the ex-
trctae agitation-f0r Gen. jackson was chosen
upon tie strength Of his opposition to the Ad-
:!1ns' policy; while Mr.. Calhoun, who lad, IL
1916, bccn the foremost advocate Of protcc-
ton, had now avowed his predictions for
Freq Trade In those days, the revision Of the
tarin vas prime e1cctionccriny instrument,
put to use invariably OH the eve Of Prcsidcn.
tial contest Prior to the quadrennial discus
sion Of 1Ste, m event had occurred which
alarmed the South. A personal quarrel had
taken place between the Vicc.Pfvsident and
Wy S.le. ala3lst5;ue, af2slng our OF events
which had occurred during the administration
Of Mourou; it had produced rupture Of the
Cabinet, aud violent pamphlet controversy.
1t also gave rise to 4 faction in Congress,
known as the friends of Mr. Calhoun, whose
prominent doctrine was Free Trade. The ef:
forts and the threats of this small but for.nida-
Bile faction were not without effect in rrocur-
ing some trifiing reduction in the tariff uf July
ii, 1852. but the concessions were Insufficient
to satisfy population, who, for merely polti.
cal purposes, had been intla,ncd bey1nd fi,.
possibility Of sudden calm and besides. It vas
the hope Of Mr.. Calhoun and his friends, ly
keeping tile agitation alive until November, to
turn the election unfayoratly for Gen, jackson.
This desire WIS i'll tile stronger, for the rcason
that Mr. Calhoun had been refused rcao1nl.
nation for the Vicc-Prcsidcntiai chair. that
honor having been .iycu to Mr. Van f,arrn.
the object Of especial vengeance with the Cal.
iloun l,artr, which regarded him As thr su},,i-
source of its humiliation and NJ thc Nnr,lr,
cal who "a, within tic White Ironse ,n,trs :,
TIC cries Of Free Trade and State Kivhfs wcrc
therefore Kent IN will, all practical vi,.nr and
tho South was given to understand tbat bnth
these cries would have to be h,lshed sl,nnid
General jackson, stauuca Uuionist CRY ti,c
election,
rur r1psr cox-r-vxr,,,
t'74 eoS' ~ Hun
IN the 18th OF October, lSS!, summoned by
Tue ndvIcc Ol ME- calhoun and Gen. uaynu,
1 .a. - e.. c.. ~ r1 -. W. hui!iIou' tne Lei7a-
su.I ..a ' Soatu - Go. ~. ~ sPsc!ai sesslon'
aI1 ~" ls.sseI = -" autnu9lznig statc tonscn-
uon ~ oe Aelo, Auntu hteft 70 consider the
ne.lon plopsle tui M 1ne sIaLe, lu VIC" ol Ihe
1saa p.tal apat.tuo ~ ~ .suetfal lHoeelnent- INC
int.r,a r,4a;na1 +I,c ,,n,snteo LAY ~ sne
Isrcs;danc, a,,J ~ o,,;s W.. >. o.S iui 'ne
ord;nancc rast;nn ti,n h,r,,s1';,,s "
tl,c Stafc frnn, ,hs rcron,a 1"7us :naa;a,i,s ~
Acts or Nav Ia 1SaS and n Jnir a 1sai,. tue Nv
yicw;n., tli: fritlcss cfi;,rts NJ So,,t t,,-o,'a
Tn nroc,,rt snme ,n;t;r,tiou of Hose r,,nrae
sive laws and 15ccar;n,r int ro,h;nn NJ ,,
1eff Int rasistancc TSc n,r,l,od ~ ,..;.,sno
,ras s.t f,rt1 Tin trts :, .'a.ti ~ ,'as. ~
c1.ret ~ tc mil ,nl rn;d - ,.a. ,s,a,"
1,cnei ogcucc fnr Ec1creS ~ z,a+ wa ,a;i uaasa
sttn,n,,t ~ c,,f,-oe tLcn, 1s.eo %
Tie nr;si.t'-a ,.,s rao,,;,o.s 49, - 80 lo'.
nrot ~ fho c;f17or in Ill r.fi,e,i = .a, J,,,:
T., ,.',.oaj ;n NV .,,1 ,ot;,u' ~
State Courts was in no case to bc permitted
to 60 to the Supreme Court uf tic United
stntes. And any attempt Of tho Federal Gov
cEnmcnt to enforce the revenue laws, either
by armed force or by closing the ports, was to
be considered severance Of the ties which
bound South Carolina to the Union, aud as au-
tllorizing resumption Of her sovereignty as
IN independent State. The ordinance was ac-
companied by justificatory address to the
people of the United States.
GOV. nAN11ToN's MESSAGE.
THE a,3fnur,,meut of tac Convention xr,. I'll.
1owri Nv ~. l,y The neeti,,., t,f flc c~;s1a-
fnr,.. Il, whom Gov. UamiIton. In suhm;ft;nr
the ordinance, delivered an iuilann,aturv nj,