American Lancaster gazette. [volume] (Lancaster, Ohio) 1855-1860, 1860-03-22
! NEW .SFRI IES---V0L. 7, NO, Al.

,thTHV' Out because tne progress oil society
continually brings it into their way. They
divide upon it, not parvsrsely. but because
owing TO differences OF const tuition or cir.
cumsiances. they cannot agree.
The Father Of The Republic encounter.
cd it. They even adjusted II so that it
might have given us much less than our
present disquiet, had no. eircumstapces
afterward occurred which they, wise 90
they were, had not clearly ioresssu. AL.
though t''ey had inherited. yet they gen.
orally condemned. the practice Of Slavery
and hoped for its disconiinnapoe, They
expressed this when they asserted 10 the
Declaration Of Independence, as sfglda-
mental principle Of American society, that
all man are created equsl. aud bsys ips
lienable rights to life, liberty, and the pur.
suit Of happiness. Each State, however.
reserved to Itself exclusivs political power
over the subject Of Slavery. within it's
own BORDERS. Nevertheless, it unavoida.
bly, presented itself 10 their consu ltations
on a bond Of Federal Union. The new
lGoyernmeut was TO be a representative
one. Slaves were capital in some States;
in others capital had no investments in Las
Dor. Should those slaves he represented
az capital or as persons. taxed as capital or
persons, or should they not be repre- sent
ed and taxed at all? The fathers disa.
greed. debated long. and compromised at
last. Each State. they determined, shall
have two Senator'S in Congress. Three.
ffths Of the slaves shall be else WHERE rep
resented, and be taxed as persons. What
should be done if the slave should escape
into labor Statei Should that State con>
fess him to he chs,tel. and restore him
as such, or might it regard him as q per.
son. and hsrbor and protect him as man!
They compromised again, and decided
that no, person held to labSy or service. in
Ole, State, by the laws thereof, shall by any
Law. or regulation Of that State. be dischar-
ged from such labor or service, but shall
be delivered up on claim to the person to
whom such service or labor shall be due.
Free laborers would emigrate. and slsyes
might be imported into the United States.
The fahers agreed that Congress may es-
tablish unif.rm laws NJ psluralis, ,tion; and
i, might prohibit the importation # per,
sons after 1903 Communities in the
Southwest, detached from the Southern
States, were growing up in the practice oI
slavery to be capital States. New States
would soon gro up in the Northwest,
while as yet capita stood sloof, and labor
had not lifted the axe to begin there its
endless but benifrelt task. The fathers
au'hsrlzed Congress to mab Q ali DeedluI
rules and regulations concerning the man
agement and disposition of THE public lands
and to, admit new States. So the .CopSti
tuition while it does not disturb or saec
the system of capita in slaves existing in
any State under ite own .lsxs, does at the
same. time recognize every human being,
when within any exclusive sphere of led
eral jurisdiction. pot .as capital but as
person.
What was the action Of the fathers il
Congress? They admitted the new State
oi the Southwest as capital. States, because
it was practically impossible to do other
wise, aud bv the ordinance Of 1897. con
,frmed in, 1889, they provided Tor thu or
ganiEation and admission of only labo
States in the Northwest They directed
fugitives from service to be restored no
as chattels, bu, as persons. They award
ed naturalization to immigrant free Ia
borers, and they prohibited the trade il
African lahor. This disposition Of tn
whole subject was 10 harmony wit
the condition Of society, and in the main
with the spirit Of the age. The seve
Northern States contpptedly became lsbo
States BY their own acts The six South
ern Sta'eS, with equal tranquility aud b.
their own determination, remained capita
States.
The circumstances which the father
did not clearly foresee were two, namely
the re:ipyigoration of Slavery copsequer
upon the increased consumption Of cotton
and the extension Of the national dowai
across the Mississippi, and these occprre
before 1899 The State OF Louisiana, form
ed on slaveholding French settlement
within the newly acquired Louisiana Terr
tory, had then already been admitted in
to the Union. There yet remained, how
ever, a vast region. which included Al
kansas and Miss uri,' rogsther with III
then unoccupied and even unnamed Kan
sss and Nebraska, Arkansas a slave
holding community. was nearly ready t
apply, and Missouri, another such Terrific
~, was actually applying for admissiO
into the Federal Union The existln
Capital States seconded these Spplio tion'
and claimed that the whole Louisiana Tel
rItory was rightfuIly open to Slavery, an
the 'OfganizSuon of future Slave Sta es
The Labor States msintained that Cor
grsss had supteme legislative power with
10 the domSiu, and could and opgh! to e1
olude Slavery there. The question thu
opened was one which related not at al
Slavery in the existing Capital States.
was'pprsly apd SImpB'a b"tional questic
whether the common interest Of the who
Republic required that Arkansas, Missor
ii, Kansas Snd Nebraska. should becon
Capital States, with all the evils and dar
gers Of Slavery, or be Labor State wit
all the security, benefits and blessings I
freedom. On the debision was suspende
the question. as was thought, whether u
timatsly The interior # is new contiDeI
should be an ssylum for the oppressed an
the exile, coming year after year. and q
Hr..s s.e. Voluntarily from every thel