Oxford Democrat. [volume] (Paris, Me.) 1833-1933, 1860-12-07

three States were without Representative.
These fifteen states will be- IN the same con.
! di,ion on the ith Of March next Ten n
them cannot elect representatives. Accorin,
; To existing State laws, until different ~.
RODS. extending from the beginning OF Al.
eu.t next. until the mouths OF October and
November next.
In my last message ! gave warning that
m "a time of sudden and alarming danger
the salvation Of our institutions may 10.
pend upon tho power Of the Prcsdsnt 10
summon full congress 10 meet the emer.
geney.
TAHITI.
II is now quite evident that the financial
necessities Of the government require a moi.
i6caiion of the tarid durng'your prcssn,
session. Tor the purpose OF increasing tho
revenue. In this aspect. desire ~ rcitcrata
the recommendation contained in my last
two annual messages, m favor of imposing
specific instead Of al vhlorem dutle. 90 all
imported articles 20 which these can b. prop.
srly applied From long observation and
experience | ava convinced that specific
duu.s are Necessary, both 20 protect the
revenue and o. SECURE % bur manufacturing
lNNfFfHAN NliAA ANlNANA ~ NFNNAfuNAl fINrlNra
ngemsnt which unayoidibly results iron
revenue taria.
~ m abstract proposition il may b. ai-
miticd that nj yllorem duties would in
theory. b. the most just AMI equal. But II
the experiences OF this aud all other CONNER.
cial nations hi, demonstrated that .lch
date. cannot b. ASSESSED and collected with.
out great frauds upon tho revenue. then u
!. the part Of wisdom % resort 90 specific
duties. Indeed. from the very nature OF an
al yalortm duty. ihi. must h. tho result.
Under Il the inevitable consequences j.. that
iircign goDl, will W. entered nt ls'- their
true ,alus Tho Treasury will. therefore.
lo.c the duty on tho diI.rcnor between their
real aud fictitious value, aud u thi. extent
We are dclnuiei
Tho temptations which al yal0rom duties
present q a dishonest importer arH irrc'i'i-
able. Ills object j. b. pas the goods through
the Custom House a. Iho very loTe,t piu-
alton necessary 10 save them from cInG.c,-
ton. In this be To often succeeds. ll spite
OF the vigilance ol the revenue oai'rrs
Hence the resort 20 false invoices. ono
Tor the purchaser and another Tor che Cus.
tom lloua,. and 60 other sxr.lirni. o. Be-.
NEANN NNNF k''N.l NlAi'tNHH ANIN HfIl'HH PIT. VIZ
ter produces hi, invoice % the Collector,
stating the actual Tric' AZ which BE- pur.
chased the good. abroad Not ~ che ii,-
honest importer AMI tho agent Of the l1rcisn
manulAiuror.
And hero IL may b, observed TIA, hrs,
proportion Of the manufacture. imported
3 from abroad are Consigned lor sale % msr-
chant, who are employed by tho mauuhc-
turcrs. In such eases no actual sale -
been 20 GS their value Tho foreign man.
iactnrcr. u he b dishonest. prepares an ln.
voice ~ ibs roOls. not az thor actual val
Ne. bat az The very lowest rate necessary -
escape detection. In this manner the lis.
honest importer and the foreign mlnuh.-
turcr cuj1y decided advantage over tho
honest merchant. They are thus enabled
10 unIcricll the fair trader, AMI dr,yH him
from the market. In fact. the operation N
this system has already driycn from The Tur.
suit 0f honorable commerce many N that
> class oC regular and CONSCIENTIOUS msr.
chants, Nho,, character. throughout iA'
world. is the pride Of our country.
. tn, remedy Tor the.o evils j. 10 be found
in specific duties. - FAR a. this may be
practicable. They dispense with any iu.
curry at the custom house into the ac'ual
cost or value of an article, anl it pays tho
+, precise amount Of duty previously fHi ~
y law. They present no temptations O. ap-
u prai.cr- ct foreign goods, who receive but
small ,Allrie, and might by nisr,,luatIn
: IN = le~ cases make thcmseIve. Iudcreni.
ent.
. Besides. specific dutie- best conform %
: the rcquisiiiou IN the constitution that emo
=, preference shall b. given by any regulation
= u commerce or revenue % tie ports oi one
state over those OF another Under our
. al nlorum system such preference AZ %
: some extent inevitable. AMI complaints have
: often been made that the spirit II thl' pro.
!, VISION has been violated bY q lower agTrai-'-
y menI Of tho same article IN one port than
~ another
An impression strangely enough prevail,
90 some extent that specific dutesarr nccrs-
.arily protective duties. Nothing can b
= more lllacilu.. Great Britain car.e. 10
= ire trad-. and yet her whole revenue b. at
J. the rr. sant moment collected under ~.
u ten oi specific duties. IL ia striking fact
% in this connection that. 10 the comm,real
= trraty of 81 January, lsUn. between Eng.
:, land and France. one Of TIC articles provide
that the ad yal0rum duties which it lmpl.-
" e. shall be- converted into specific duties
y within .ix months from ts date and the-a
y are e. De- asscrt1lnel by making an average
. Of the prices OF the sE month. previous.
y The ryycr.s II the proposition wuuiI -
nearer d. the truth. hccAus" a much larger
amount OF revenue wuuh d. collected by
merely converting the v,l1rrm duties " a
tariff into equivalent .pcihc duties To
this extent toe revenue would d. increased,
= and IN the same proportion The specific duty
7" might 10 dimni-hcd
g specific duties would SECURE q the AM
q c,ieln Manufacture the incidental Tr'tH'-
y ton - which be j. fairly entitled under ,h'
, revenue tariff, and ~ ihi. surely 10 p.r-0n
y would object The fmmer- OF tn existing
' tatig have suue further. AMI in . lih'rl,
MD, have Disseminated IN favor OF lnrs,
All u.,lul manufactures. not by rlIs.u.
= the rate Of duty upon the importation q
smaller article from abroad, bu. Nhlt Is
= the same in Effect, ly admitting article,
: fire., Of duty which enter into She c.mpY.i-
:, ton Of th,,r fabrics.
: Under the present system 10 las bHyn
!, often remarked. that this incidental V-ui'c-
: tion decreases when The manufacture needs
, /, ,pos,. and increase, when o. uHsi. %
least. and constitutes a sliding sale which
always OF. ratio, against him. The revenues
of Tho country arr subject b similar hue
tuatinus. Instead Of approaching a steady
standard a. would be the cass under vs.
= ten OF specific duties which would aaorl
!, additional stability both o. revenue AMI i'
" our manufactures, AMI without injury OF
Injustice 10 any interest Of the country
|, T6s nigh, b. accomplished by a'certainin;
,be average value OF any given article Tor
!. .cri.. Of year. At the place Of cHpOriaiiyn'
= and by simply converting the ad ,alar,m
u -. -, a which might d. deemed rHt-