Arkansas true Democrat., 1860-04-21
Progress of the Telegraph.

accuracy. In Io4o, Inere was put 0,OUO miles in operation in the United States In 1852, it had reached 22,OOO. In 1856, to 40, ,00O, and at the present time, it is estimated there are not less than 10000 miles, being two and half miles of tele- graph to one mile of railroad. It seems to be the precursor of the iron horse to soon follow its route The necessities which re- quire the one, demand the other.
 The number of telegraph offices in this country is not far from 2,400, employing upwards of 10000 operators and clerks.- The number of messages passing over the lines last year, is put down at over 5,O00,- 000-producing revenue of S3,OOO,OO0, in addition to what the newspapers pay of some $500, ,000 for public dispatches. The capital stock of the various lines is not far from SIG, ,000, ,000, and according to Shaf. fuer's history of the telegraph, the average cost of construction is Ss225 per mile; and as general thing, the profits to the share holders, are from six to forty per cent.
 In Europe there are lines rivaling those of America The electic wire extends un- der the English channel, the German ocean, the Black and Red seas, and the Mediterra- mean; it passes from crag to crag on the Alps, and runs through Italy, Switzerland, France, Germany and Russia.
 Ireland, Australia, Cuba, Mexico and several of the South American States, also, have their lines; and the wires connect ing tho Pacific and Atlantic States, within eighteen months will meet at the passes of the Rocky Mountains.
 It is yet in it's infancy. The effect of it's future extension and of new application, as Q means of intercourse at least, it's net work will spread through every village of our land, bringing all parts of our republic into the closest and most intimate relations of friendship and interest, and finally, we shall have the planet girdlcd with electric wires which will enable antipodes to talk with each other as if they were near neigh bors.
 In Europe, Great Britain and Ireland, have the greatest number of miles of line, already a little over 10000; France has 26, ,000; Belgium 600; Germany 35,000; Switzerland 2,000; Spain and Portugal 1,200. In Italy, Sardina has 1,200 In Germany, after Austria and Prussia, the largest share belongs to Bravaria. Saxony is now making ID, and has just finished 400 and Wurtemburg l95; Cuba, ,,.600; and Mexico, 300. The disturbed condition of the country, like every thing else in the land of Montazuma, has caused their lines to be cut down by contending armies and have now become useless.
 A late European steamer brings news that two Russian engineers, are now at Pckin, China, for telegraph connection between that place and Russia. The Ame- rican ministerat Constantinoplc communi- catos the intelligence, that the Russian go- vcrnment have sent out engineers for com plcting the line of tel elegraph from Novgorol to the mouth of the Amor, and hence across Behring's straits to Russia and Ame- rica, anu finally line will reach San Fran cisco and thence to New York by way of the line now building to California Sever al lines are already in construction in the Ottoman Empire. Russia has network divcrging.from Constantlnople to every DOT tion of the land Submarine lines arc uniting all civilized nations.
 The instruments used in Great Britain are of class known as oscillating tcle- graphs, that is, telegraphs in which letters are denoted by the number of motions to the right or left of needle or indicator Those of Franco of Q class called dial tcle- graphs, in which an index or needle, is car rcd round the face of dial, around the circumference of which are placed the let tcrs of the alphabet. A similar system is used in Prussia and Russia.
 In America, none but recording instru mcnts arc used. There are seven kinds in operation at present, viz: Bans' electric chemical rhythmic; Morsc's electric mag nctic; printing by House; printing by IIughs; also the combination by Hughs; and Farmers " dipthong," a system for message both ways at the same time on one wire Still another system will be given to tho public shortly, of .fac simjl;e of the original message and hand writing as left at the office to forward, by chemical pro cess.
 The rapidity of the several instruments in use may be given as follows: Cook & Whcatstonc's needle telegraph of England, 900 words per hour; Fromont's dial tclc- graph of France, 200 Bregriet's dial tcle- graph, also French 1000; Siemari's dial lcltDFdpu OI l IUSSlt JUO, DdiltS tcIcSIdI)H, chemical owned by the French government for that nation and used by the principal lines of Great Britain 1,500; Morse's 1,500; House printing 2,SOO; Hugh's printing 2,000.
 A singular question arises in view of Y" "girdling the earth" by electric wires.- <" If a currept of electricity goes east, it twill loose 24 1ours in going around the globe; if we send one west, it will gain "A, or in other words, will get back to tho starting place 24 hours before it sets out. Now, if we send current halfway round the world, it will get there 12 hours in advance of, or l2 hours behind our time, according as we send it east or west; the question naturally presents itself, therefore, is, what is the time at the antipodes? is it, yesterday or to-mOrrow.
 GATERPILLARs.-Fo several years past, these pests of the orchard and shade trees have appeared throughout the State, mak ing havoc with the fruit and other trees.