Richmond enquirer. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1815-1867, 1860-01-27

T,ol,, IroI,n,] and Austria: on the other hand,
,ho:e kinrs most notorious on account of their
r, orldliness-somc.imcs even for their proligacv
WILLINGLY made concessions 10 the splrt,ia!
sway of Rome, but in return insisted on IT'S
tcmnora, rod being reduced to u narrower cnIn-
mass Lastly. in the first stage, the clergy Of
France stood by the King, and sometimes head
cd tho movement; in the modern one, the oc-
cunant OF the throne lost the support of the
clergy, but has been compensated for the loss
by The Gain of the masses, which formerly
ranged on the opposite side; To make syn.
thesis, we will call the first period Theocracy,
and the last one Democracy.
The movement originated with Louis jN,
better known under the name of St. Louis, in
the middle of the thirteenth century, by the
PRONUNCIATION Of his pragnatic sanction, whose
spirit ruled supreme for two centuries. till 1t
eliminated at the assembly Of States at liurgcs,
into the adoption BY France Of the councils OF
! Constance and Basel this placed the General
Council above the Pope. With few oscilla-
tions, this state Of things prevailed until Fran;
els the First changed its most important points,
! and granted most Of the demands Of the Pope
Leo Y. This brings us to the beginning of
| the sixteenth century. at the time the rivalry
ef that King with the Emperor Of Spain
| nearly cost his life, and surely his liberty, at
| Pavi;t.
| We arc not writing chapter in history
! We must, however, notice celebrated episode
which took place between the two dates above
stated, in the fourteenth century. Philip the
| Fair, King Of France, not only lived to answer
the cxcommunication with which he was visit.
cd. by declaration of the assembled States Of
! France, that the Pope was u" criminal and
| hereto" but te sent one of those blunt and
/ unScrupuouS SeigaeWrs Of the tunes (which one
might call the knighlhond Of rullianiSm), his
friend Nogarct, backed with some hundred free
lances, to seize upon the person Of the Pope
and, in fact carried his scheme to an end, and
made Boniface VIII. 4 prisoner in the Chateau
81. Angc This extraordinary feat. which was
| to be repeated and cxceiled III our own times.
had been brought about by no snail pretcn-
sion from the Holy See-that is, by the bull.
Unum .mRctH,n, setting forth tina tthe Church
wiclds two swords. the spiritual and the tenn
poral, but that the latter being subordinate to
the former, therefore the King, even IS Il ruler,
is subject Of the Pope.
The phase Of Louis XIV, is attended with
painful and contradictory circumstances. It is
not small subject for wonder that the King,
who drove away from their country hundreds
of thousands Of lluguenot tanilies, sanctioned
the celebrated document" Declarations Of
the French Clcrgy"-drawh by Bossucl him
SELF the eagle Of Mcaux, as they used 10 call
the bishop. in which document, besides de-
claring that kings and princes are, in TEMPORAL
matters subject to no spiritual power, it is
aoded, THAT, in matters Of faith. tie decisions
of the Pope are not inEalblc, when not con-
trtncll by the consent Of the whole Church"
! These declarations, although proclaimed in n
! royal ordinance, were, Of course, publicly
burned in Rome, by the common eXecutioner:
! it. nevertheless, remained the palladium Of the
French church.
With the Pope pio Scttinp prisoner in
France for six years, in the palace Of Fontainc.
beau, We reach the history Of our time. Ev-
cry one knows how Napoleon, having annexed
the Papal States TO the provinces of the French
| Empire, was in return eX communicated, and
retaIiated by making captive Of the Holy Fa-
ther. 1t was he, however, who after the
stormy days of the French Revolution, had
signed with the Pope the concordat Of 1901,
without again giving up the four propositions
Of BoSsu"t. After tn" Restoration. in 1871,
there was an attempt to retrace the steps Of
| the six centuries Of which we have drawn. an
! outline Louis XVIII. concluded u new con-
! cordat abolishng Napolcon's concordat and
, Louis MYTHS declarations; but the work done
was net to be undonc. The Chamber of Dcpn-
ties refused to ratiy the new ccncordat and il
never received legal sanction.
| The establishment Of the Republic Of 1913,
respecting that state OF things, gave to the
| Church further liberties, such as had not been
enjoyed Tor more than century in ecclrsasti
! cal and educational affairs. The bishops were
allowed to hold diocesan aud provincial coun-
cils. Louis Napoleon has not ventured on the
act of being less liberal to the Church than
, was the Republic; he has failed, however, rs
the latter did, in securing the symrathes Of
the clergy, whose tendency is now, more than
ever, ullralnoutanc lie is not slightly irrilated
at that state of things, and well understanding
the inpossibilty of obtaining any spiritual
! or rather moral influence on the clergy,
he seems anxious to place the Pope in Situa-
| tion in which it will he equally impossible for
him to exercise any kind OF temporal INFLUENCE.
, lie wishes the division TO be absolute be-
tween the temporal and the spiritual, having
| given up all pretenSion to the latter fhr him
self This policy. apart from the state Of al
fairs in Central Italy, is just that Of the first
Napoleon. 1t happens, happily for the present
ruler Of France, that it serves his interests at
| nome anu aOTob, Eiah''iS u d oSNS'oP'"S"t va
his interior policy and II fursherance OF his
! plans as limited by the treaties Of Zurich. In
! these views the recent pamphlet covers all the
ground, and is written in most temperate
spirit. 1t leaves not :he slightest room Tor an
accusation Of anti-religous feeling Or dlSrespect
towards the Pope. is, on the contrary, cha:
racterized by such high tone Of morals ard
religion in the spirit of the gospel, that one
could hardly suppose there are any political
interests in view. if these We're not communicated
SO aaroity together that both politicians and
religious men are enabled 10 lind therein the
| part TINT is intended for each nr tlcn without
hcing shocked Ivy that other part which is
addressed To the other party. The pamphlet
will then do all that 4 pamphlet Cali do, but
! the matter is too important to be within the
context of any single one pamphlet, even when
this is concoctcd by such an astutc dipllonrltist
as Louis Napoleon. and penncd by such bril-
| liant writer rs N. dc Ia iucrronierc.
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Tho Dinner to tho Hon. G.. G. Tcn-
ninEcr. .