, 1860-06-01
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AGRICULTURAL.


- AGRICULTURAL.
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..- nEPA1mxo GRAIN 1ok M111. 80,
There il one cause Of loss among grain grow
ers which can aud ought to be rrmsdied. Ths
il u: very poor manner Of cleaning wheat. Pa.
ticu1aE pains hare been taken to ;aaeertain III
actual amount OF loss; and tha result il "a fol
lows: OF al the wheat brought to mill, there /
IN absolute loss to The grower Of i've to t.,
PER cent. This occurs from want Of knowl
edge bY those who thresh aud clean the wheat
or the careless manner in! which 1t il done
Loose heads, atraw, broken wheat, cheat, bar
10y, oate. mustard, 8c., are mixed mp with thl
wheat, 50 as todeteriorate it, yalue in prica
as well as waste in weight. 1t ii customary: q
the mill, in exchanging -four for wheat. to de-
duct wastage Of five or ten per cent. :. this i.
certain loss ut oncs. But there is heavier loss
and we desire 10 chow this to our cultivators.-
BIZ this carelezs n1snner Of cleaning, Eve to ter
bags in ore hundred are waste, and for thii
the grower has. to furni bags; be pays fo1
harvesting these 6vs bags, for bauling, freight,
and storage, and when It comes to milling these
tse bags are waste, dead to:s 70 the g,owec.
1AnxERs' 7ooIs.
We always make it point to recommend to
farmers those ru1ea Of husbandry which will
most certainly condacce to their pleasure and
profit. In all operations, We would advise
economy not that economy which rests con.
tent With the "do fol: the present" way oi
managing, but that other and better method
which always carefully counts the cost. For
instance, with judicious management, it will
cost about fifteen dollars 10 buy tools enough
to do almost every species Of carpenter work
about farm. For want Of these tools, far
mers frequently paY ont each year twice fifteen
dollars: for work which they could
themselves perform, without in. tho least
interfering With other duties. In other
words, they could perform all their ordinary
work, and save thirty dollars besi1es.
~ farmer who has large boys should ever
think of hiring mechanic to build outhouses,
n wagon shed, pig pen, sn Ornamental garden
fence. harrow frame, u field roller, or any
thing involving no more labor or ingenuity
than these..' He should never employ cooper
to hoop \ leaking barrel, or mason 10 lay q
dry wall 1t is poor sort of economy to
''tave at the spigot aud waste at the buue."
Most farmers lose money for wact Of eertaiu
implements which they do not like to purchase,
aad which it never occurs to Them they could
eassly make for themselves. It is safe to say
that on m average The farmers of the North.
vest each lose annually, for want Of ten or 6f:
teen dollars worth Of well kept tools, more
thsn twiee their value; suppose nc put down
the sum at twenty. Eve dollars-to how murh
will this suoouut in the aggrega.ey.1n Ohio,
there are about 100000 farms; in Illinois,
5000; in Indiana, 1e5.o00; in Michigan,
10000; in Wisconsin, $4,000; in Iowa, 45, ,ooo-
in I'll, cl5 900 farms. To these we should add
Il. 600 for Missouri, and 40,V00 for Kansas, Nc.
braska, and Minnesota-al1 properly belonging
- the great American ion ofcorn sad wheat,
pork and bee, land the sum total is 7s0, 900,
At an average annual loss Of ftwenty- tye dollars
to eaca, the loss will be $ls, $50 900. Now, this
IL more than The farmers of the Northwest; can
aaord to throw away annually, especially when
wheat cells for less than it costs to produce it.
When farmers cannot make money it is their
duty to save all they hare, aud in order 10 do so
they must practice a tar-seeiDg economy-not
that close sighted vision which efiscerns penurv
ut the nose ends, and not the dollar within arm'n
length. Do not understand u 10 advise every
farmer to ruth to town na soon % he reads this
art'ce. and buy jus. ten dollars worth Of tools.
IN orosr to ecohom'se. Perhaps tho majority
care Of and properly uhed, to save the price Of
hall zen fat hogs every Tear. What We
Recommend is this: Purchase tools as fnu need
them 'ake such care Of them as to render them
ss dutabe odd serviceable ~ possible and mar
no mtn Tor doing what you can do as we'll your
sslVes. With hand saw, three or four e1pers.
as mhny chtaels. Ratchet and an sxe. aa in
Geoioas M an nsy perform almost any ordinary
niechaalcal farm work. DuY planes and other
tools as you need them. 1t is well to give bows
tools OF thrir OWL. They will atwags be- mnrs
careful OF them than Of those belonging to their
fathers. Besides, it gives them taste f.r such
employment
Theory AND ADVANTAGES or DRAINING.
IA tile hills lote their soil, the low lauds. in
every country. increase in importance. and ia
process OF time become the farmers chief dc.
E'eudence. It must be obvious, then, that few
eunjects, in relation to ag, ,icultural s7stem.
den'Hnd more the attention and skill of the cut
t'rator than drainage. There is IN under.
sIound climate and an a'mospher,c climate
above the surface. Both must unite-tbe one
upon tae root, 1he Other upon tue STEM and
!eases-of no healthy irult or prolific crop can
bs produced. "Water logged' lands at onca
Continue Geld, and exclude the air from the
roots. which is rninuus to vegetation. The
sovereign remedy, in oil such aseq. is thorough
!ra'nakc. IL Is known that in the early kprine
TOE far1h ID co!d-too cold for vegetable growth.
But 1t is we'll known fact that water. thouv',
hca e1 On the su1iuce. will not communicates its
heat do'sn~ards. 1t is obvious tben--no mat
Ter how een,41 the atmosphere may be-the iu.
;e7s'iccs being filed with cold water. aud the
pr thus excluded, the root, in "water logged"
lands, must not only continue cold, but tie air
being excluded, it is deprived of Que Of its Chief
resources Of nuirimeut. But when, by deep
drainage, the water is removed, the mir takes
its place.
But this is not all. The warm air thus perme-
atiog the soil carries down what gardeners call
10 bottom heat with it. Again: the cold. stag
pant wafer being drained Oft. the warm rims Of
The surface also descend. Hence well drained
lAads \ i'll be found from ten to twenty degrees
" aFaer than wuta logged lands. In this latter
Kind OF ground the warm rain, increasing in
C&n1Q
ure'ensed from descending, because /. being
lighter Cannot dispiace the colder and heavier
water ben eath. fudeed, hot wAter might be
ra1ned forA month upon ~ater.logeed land, and
ret its temperature woul1 nrt probably BE- af
'c'eA an inch below the surface Of the stagnant
Water with which it il 6lled. On the contrary.
+ the SOFT be- open and not water-loeeed tie
ain descends through the crevices of 16e ear,h.
:arry'ng with it the high Temperature it. has
;ai1ed at the surface aud imparts it to the roots
- 1t passes downward, aud thus produces that
bottom heat" 30 essential to vegetation.
TO PREVENT lad opoRs-
Both The fluid aud solid secretions of men
md animals contain nitrogen, gas which hs.
,either taste, smeli, nor color, willie sep.rated
rom other bodies, and which has little affinity
or other elements. though it is found that tbo.e
most prone to fermentation are
hose Th'ch contain nitrogen in some form. or
u IN ingredient Of their compounds. Tue fe-
;al matter Of all animals owe their disaeseea.
'le smell chiefly to a. compound of nitrogen,
mo-" 4 as ammonia. Acurious change is Effect
ID, aud that spontaneously, too, in these excre-
!ors as soon Is they cease to form = part Of
ha Irving organism. They contain nitrogen.
'zyeen aud carbon. The carbon unites viii
be oxygen Of tho wAter and the nitr.geo with
ho hydrogen, thus destroying the water. Thess
no compounds being simultaneously formed,
re set Tree ii the same time, When they now
mite, fornl1ne what smay be termed a double
ca, bonate of ammonia-the odo..
us element Of privy vaults. cess-pools and
'Arnya ards.
Most decent people would gladly prevent
hose disagreeable "dors from escarinng aud
Asutlng the whole atmosphere ah,nt, It ther
nd procure. chespty is some Eff ctud absoi-
ent Of deedorzer. There needed no uet.er NJ
eriaf for this than every man can iud on his
wn farm ia greater or less supp1y-pest or