New-York daily tribune. [volume] (New-York [N.Y.]) 1842-1866, 1860-09-22
GEOGRAPHICAL.

GEOGRAPHICAL.
In a recent paper, by the Rev. j. K. Woods, on
the tertiary rocks Of large district OF Soun Aus'raa
lx inc vestrsrd and southwark OF the River Murray
several re markable caverps described. The writer
mentions. among others, a series OF caves 10 tne
v;,nity of MI. Shsnck, aud between that aud Mt
Gambler They all resemble each other in one psrtic-
MAR and that Il in the possession OF water ct dePh
var, ing from 20 to 100 feet dependent on the hight OF
the eminence upon which they are. One Is just
Ike round hole about 100 feet in diameter, and the
passage to the bottom is by winding footpah TO the
waters edge, rs feet below the surface. The cave
then seems to shelve away TO great depth; bat no
more is positively known than that, a. IL feet from
the side the soundDgs 60 feet. At another cave
near this the descent is very sudden that the water
stops further progress very the entrance, and it
Il 30 deep as TO appear of deep sesbue The cavern
il seen to continue in fine arched passage, high above
the wster-level to distance far beyond what has
ever been explored. In cave at Mt. Scbanck the
water is so deep that no bottom could be found With
100 feet of line. In every one Of the above, and
in mapy more that have not described the water is
beautifully clear, and where deep of sea-blue."
Throughout the whole region explored by Mr. Woods
COInpTtUg n lTdCt VI ~1V uhOo ~
in BREADTH the water in all the caves at the time Of the
Spring rains, had perceptibs current uniformly set
ting in the came direction and seeming to prove the
existence Of great natural system OF underground
drainage.
A work on the geography and statistics of Peru,
by G. Davila Condemarip, lately professor in the
University of Lima, has Just appeared at Turn. We
gather from it the following statistical details Tue
area of the republic is 1880 Spanish square miles
The population is 500 000 Of which 9OOOO are de-
scepdants of the Spanish emigration 400 600 are de-
scep5ants of the original inhabitants, and 2OO,OOo are
black and mixed. The army consists of GOO men, and
the navy consists of eight war steamers The govern
mental income averages about 5000 900 pasters and
the expenditures 16 600 900. The national debt is a.,
600, 600 pasters. Peru possesses enough guano TO
allow of the expectation Of 100000 tuns for period
Of go years.
The geography Of the Northeastern portion Of the
Russian province of Nishni Novgorod Dclosed by the
rivers Volga and vetluga, owing to its distance from
any great route Ct travel has been hitherto almost IN
Known. But Mr.. ArchaDgeski in a paper read few
wet ks since before ihe Imperial Russian Geographical
Society has described it's physical features at great
length It ia covered by mitsble forests, interrupted
hereand there by the thn hamles of the in
babitans poor and needy race Of people. The chief
trees are fir and birch. The soil is some mes swampy
but more often candy. The climate is ten degrees
colder than the surrounding country. In Summer, the
days frequently ntensey hot, and the nights damp
and chill The water through the entire district it Of
the color of strong The patches of ground cleared
in the forest and devoted to rude agriculture yield
but scanty subsistence to their owners.
m. a.. L. a. n,
mouth Of tie Polio in the middle Of September and TO
sail thence directly to Yeddo. Baron Won Rchthofen
the geoogisi of the expedition left Trieste in May,
and proceeded to China by way of Cairo and Singa-
pore AS 90 sp the political and diplomatic objects OF
the expedition were accomplished Richthofens inten-
tons we're TO undertake thorough geological expora-
ton Of the coasts Of the North Pacific from the AMOR
rpgon TO Vaneouver's Island lie viii also visit the
auiferous tracts of California.
"A very late Italian official publication gives an ides
of tie growing commercial importance Of Genoese
commerce. In 1852 G, l9l Srdinian vessels, with
tuDr age Of 3S7, 495, of which 900 steamers,
tered the port Tie foreign craft numbered $751; with
tuInsge Of SO9,3l3, of which 6l5 were steam ves-
sells. TIE number of passengers arriving by sea was
46GS3.
"A map embodying the leading results Of the re-
cent Russian astronomical and typographical edition
10 Chorassan is published in the last number of the
Journal Of the Geographic Society Of Berlin. Start
irg from Asterabad near the southeastern extremity
Of the Caspian the expedition proceeded by circuit
Gus route ,hrough Mesbed Herat, Krmsn, Jed, Ispa
han and Teheran TO the Russian boundaries on the
Araxes, completely encrcDg the great salt desert Of
Northern Persia. An uninterrupted net of trisngula
ton, of more than $500 triangles, formed and
the nights of over 100 points automatically aScsr-
taned The additions thus made TO our imperfect
knowledge of the Central Asian topography are Of
great importance.
On the 23d Of April Duveyrier, the Saharan trav-
eler, was at Biskra, TO which he had ilst returned
from an interesting excursion into Southern Tunisia
His observations Lad enabled him to many
markabe errors the beet maps Of TuDis. BE visited
Gasss a town built out OF materials furnished by Ro-
man ruins in the vicinity, and in the streets of winch
be was enabled to decipbor aud copy number of un-
kno IN Roman Inscriptions At Seagi another city, he
dug up from the earth another Lau inscription, and at
Teiuin he found two more-one Of which bears the
III me Of the Emperor Badrisn. Duveyrers arrange
uents for visiting the territory Of the Tuareg
nearly complete.
ON the northern slo pc Of Mt Rhodope in Bulgaria
in recess formed by two projecting spurs Of the noun
,ain lies the isolated Greek town Of Stenma;hos,
noticed by the gazetteers. 1t contains population of
10 900 who slsn TO be descended from an early Athe-
Man colony and who epeak pure Geek, similar 10
hs, spoken IL the Pelop5nuesus and Western Gresce,
and inpulally fee from barba,isms There are eight
churches and nine schools The inhabitants are chiefly
engaged in the manufacture of wine and silk.
mi I'll I,aall a.