davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Democrat and sentinel. [volume] (Ebensburg, Pa.) 1853-1866, 1860-12-26

OF manners gentle, of affections mild;
In wit man; simplicity child;
With native humor tenperiLg virtuous rage,
Formed to delight at once and last the age:
Above temptation in low estate,
And interrupted even among the great:
y safe companion, and an easy friend.
Unblamed through life, lamented in his end.
These are thy honouri not that here thy bust
Is mixed with heroes, or with kings thy dust
But that the worthy and the good shall say,
Striking THAR pensive boSOms-Here lies Cav
Democrat and sentinel. [volume] (Ebensburg, Pa.) 1853-1866, 1860-12-26

Ey- In recently looking over collection
Of Old epi;aphs our attention was arrested by
the two following. OF Sir Isaac Newton The
one written by Pope, is pronounced by com
petent critics. the best reduction of the kind
in the English Language
Democrat and sentinel. [volume] (Ebensburg, Pa.) 1853-1866, 1860-12-26
On the same

Nature. and natures laws. lay hid in night;
God said, Let Newton be-" and all was light.
The following by Pope on his friend and
brother Poet. Gay has also been admir-
Democrat and sentinel. [volume] (Ebensburg, Pa.) 1853-1866, 1860-12-26
The Remedy.

Ebensburg, Dec. 26, 1860.
Daily gazette and comet. (Baton Rouge, La.) 1856-186?, 1860-05-15

LAxESrABLs SuIcpE.--on the even
ing Of the It'll inst, at New York,
Mr.. James j. Emmett, a son OF Mr..
Thos. Adds Emmett, committed SUI
icide by shooting himself through
the head with a pistol.
The deceased retired TO bed with
his brother, at the usual hour, and
after laying down on the bed took
up a pistol and shot himself.
The deceased was about 81 years
Of age and resided with his parents
at "a University Place.
The coroner held an inquest on
the body next morning. and the ju'
~ rendered verdict Of death
from a pistol shot wound, inflicted
by himself, while laboring undel
temporary alteration Of mind
Pieaysme, lssh inst.
Daily gazette and comet. (Baton Rouge, La.) 1856-186?, 1860-05-15
THE OLDEST TRnE IN THE WORLD.

THE OLDEST TRBs IN THE WORLD.
An extraordinary tree il stated by
Sir j. Emerson 30 exist In the island
Of Ceylon. II is known as the DO
tree Of Auar-sjapoora, and is, in all
probability, the oldest historical tree
10 the world. II was planted 2SS
years before Christ, and hence Il is
now 2l4T years old. Ages varying
from 1000 to 500 years have been
assigned TO the baobabs Of Senegal.
eucalyptus Of Tasmania, the dragon.
tree Of Grotavo, and the chestnut Of
Mount Etna. But all these estimates
are matters Of conjecture, and such
calculations, however ingenious, must
be purely inferential; whereas the age
of the Bo-tree is matter of record; its
couservancy has been an object Of 30.
licitude 10 successive dynasties, aud
the story Of It's vicissitudes has been
preserved Ia q series Of continuous
chronicles among the most authentic
that have been handed down by man.
kind. Compared with IL, the Oak Of
Ellerslie IL but q sapling, and the
Couqueror's Oak, in Windsor Forest.
barely numbers half It's years. The
yew.trees Of Fountains Abbey are be-
iieved to have flourished there twelve
hundred years ago; the olives in the
Garden Of Gethsemane were full
grown when the Saraceus were expell-
ed from Jerusalem; and The cypress
Of Soma, in Lombardy; Is said to have
been tree 10 the time Of Julius Ce'
sar; yet the Bo.tree is older than the
Oldest Of these by a century, and
would almost seem to verify the pro
phecy pronounced when IL was plan.
ed, that IL would "flourish and b
green for ever"
Daily gazette and comet. (Baton Rouge, La.) 1856-186?, 1860-05-15

HANNIBAL, Mo-, MAY 11.-At
ave o'clock this morning FIRE broke
out in this town aud completely des.
sroyed two Of the most valuable blocks
of houses. The loss is estimated TO
be $500, 900 or 100000. The ERE
is supposed 10 have originated from
an inceudiary's hand. The supposi-
ton is we'll founded, because svme
citizens had commenced burning all
houses Of III fame. The greatest ex'
element usual on such occasions was
manifested.
Daily gazette and comet. (Baton Rouge, La.) 1856-186?, 1860-05-15
na- Edward Gibbon, closes on

pSr Edward Gibbon, closes one
of the most eloquent autobiogra.
Plies in any language, with casting
up the chances Of dying on a GER
tain day. According to Button, i
is one against ten thousand. IAN
urn, with ten thousand names, and
his one of them, is supposed. One
each day is drawn by lot. is enough
to destroy the feeling Of repose.'.-
1.-THE abbreviation OF time, and the
failure of hope, will always tinge
with q browner shade, the evening
Of life.r
Daily gazette and comet. (Baton Rouge, La.) 1856-186?, 1860-05-15

Tar QuAxsR CRY rust rsp,se Housr.--
Attention IL directed to the advertisement
Of Duane Rulison, Of Philadelphia. We
are assured that their business is conduct
cd fairly and squarely, although II appears
under the doubtful head Of "Gifs Enter
prise"
Daily gazette and comet. (Baton Rouge, La.) 1856-186?, 1860-05-15
Music aud Musical Instruments.

rI,HE UNDERSIGNED have been appointed
Il Agents Of q large Northern house for the
sale OF Musical instruments, and have Just re
ceiyed q large assortment ofyI0LlNs, GUITARS,
CORDEON. yLUTENAs MUSIC BOXES, VIOLIN
ana GUITAR STRINGS, SHEET MUSIC, F0LIos,
ETC., which are offered at low prices BY
apr12 ED WIN. BOtEb.
Daily gazette and comet. (Baton Rouge, La.) 1856-186?, 1860-05-15
Gcnts Furnithing Goods.

Attic Clothing Emporium can now be fosnd
"A new and pretty assortmsnt Of every article
IN this line, consisting ofcravsts Necties Hosiery
ara. siIk. Cotton ana Lyle Thread. Undershirts
and all other goods In this line q business
ARD W. p. PHlLIJP1
Daily gazette and comet. (Baton Rouge, La.) 1856-186?, 1860-05-15
pATON ROUGE BREWERY

BATON ROUGE BREWERY.
rTNHE undersigned would respectfully inform his
III old friends and the public, that the brewery
on Boulevard street, win undergo thorough re-
pairs and enlargement and he prepared TO furnish
the BEST Of Malt Liquors, 10 any quantity desired
Having made arrangements In the West fnr re-
gular supply 81 the best Malt aud other materials
used IN brewing, an article will he made equal TO
the best. 10 be had.
does 3mdAv AJEN. 1T. MARTIN
Daily gazette and comet. (Baton Rouge, La.) 1856-186?, 1860-05-15
MATING.
HATSf HATsff
CHEAP FUELi COKEii

THE Gas Company have on hand an
l. abundant supply Of Coke, which they
will sell (for the presently at the low price
Of Thirty Cents per barrel. When fairly
tried, they believe Coke, both on account
Of its chespness and heating power, VIII
rupercede the use Of all other fuels now
used in stoves and rates. Remember, q
trial may be had for only 30 cents at farth-
est. Apply TO the officers Of the Gas Com
pany. mhioi-h'
Daily gazette and comet. (Baton Rouge, La.) 1856-186?, 1860-05-15
STEAM ENGINES
STEWARDS COOKING STOVE.

C,TEwARD LARGE OVEN, air tight, summer
- and winter Cooking Stove. Improved In 1859.
The most complete Stove Of the age-consumes
less fuel aud at the same time has all the convent
ences imaginable belonging 10 the culinary de-
p.rtmeut. We have them Of assorted sixes and
viii sell them at New Orleans prices-expenses
Of trapsportation added. Call and examine.
LARGUIER 4 LANoUE,
septt Agents.
Cor. Lafayette and Florida Sta.
Daily gazette and comet. (Baton Rouge, La.) 1856-186?, 1860-05-15
YANKEE CLOCKS.

TUsT RECEIVED from the Waterbury msnufac-
- tory. large invoice Of Eight Day Clocks, with
and without slarmers. by -
THEODORE GOLDMAN,
marls Lafayette street, near Main.
Daily gazette and comet. (Baton Rouge, La.) 1856-186?, 1860-05-15
DISSOLUTION.
THIRD EAR OF
pEALp CITY FEED, FLOUR LINE sToRy

As WITH the close Of the past month, April. We
A have attained 10 our third year, and the re-
suit being equal 10 our expections, We cannot re-
frsiu from tender Of our thanks 20 those who
have given US their patronage and encourage
ment during n two yesrs past. To those who
come along, you shall be treated kindly and cour-
teously aud 10 the beat Of our ability. In con-
clusion, our facilities for purchasing such special
tiles a. We deal 10, Of the best our viii 10 do
equal 20 ali smsSgsncies, snd " you have any
doubt a. 20 what we say, call In and be satisfied.
To one aud all Consumer or Trader, Trsfhcer or
fiuckster, We make our best bow and offer Of our
services. To few special friend. moro than We
viii here express JOSHUA BEAL,
maaB Corner Third q Convention SITS.
Daily gazette and comet. (Baton Rouge, La.) 1856-186?, 1860-05-15
COOK STOVES.

rTNhose In want Of good, cheap and du-
Il rable cook stoves can always be ac-
eommodated at fair prcies at
LARGUfR a. LAN0UE's,
mays Cor. Lafayette e. Florida sts.
Daily gazette and comet. (Baton Rouge, La.) 1856-186?, 1860-05-15
DEPOT

IMPORTED HAVANA sEgARS.
T HAVE JUST received the largest and most
u varied assortment Of
IMPORTED HAVANA sEGARs,
ever before In this msrkst-comprising all the
latest aud mos. popular brands.
am now prepared 10 furnish the citizens Of
Baton Rouge and surrounding country, with su
article II sEgAHs even erceliing any have here
tofore supplied them, ~ New Orleans prices.
ANTHONY MAZE,
febs American Flsg eegsr Store,
Harvey House Basement
Daily gazette and comet. (Baton Rouge, La.) 1856-186?, 1860-05-15

CORsETs AND HOOP SKIRTS.
A FINE supply Of French corsets: and thirty
"A Hoop skirts have been received ~ the
msvfo pHILADA. CASH STORE.
Daily gazette and comet. (Baton Rouge, La.) 1856-186?, 1860-05-15
OVAL FRAMES.

ID LAIN, Waved, Gilt, Rosewood and
j japanese Mouldings. new assort-
@. q. WILSON,
m22 Main st., below Montan N Malta.
Daily gazette and comet. (Baton Rouge, La.) 1856-186?, 1860-05-15

DEALEs COURT on DEATH-R Rosa Bonheur'
il Horse Fair. for sale BY ,o,x,cv
mar1f S'hcNoh"i,h'
Daily gazette and comet. (Baton Rouge, La.) 1856-186?, 1860-05-15

WE HAVE JUST received Ice Pitchers, We
w ter Coolers and Mssser's i've minute Ice
Cream Frsezers. PlPbk BhADfokD.
Daily gazette and comet. (Baton Rouge, La.) 1856-186?, 1860-05-15
BLACK SILKS.

ZINE article ofths above, also, Black Chai-
n leg, Plain and striped Black Barge, De-
msyio PHILADA, CASH STORE.
Daily gazette and comet. (Baton Rouge, La.) 1856-186?, 1860-05-15

ChiIdrens Carriages.
YIyTIE best assortment Of Childrsns Buggies
Il and Carriages In Bston Rouge, at
.n,1h2v PIPER a BRADFORDs.
Daily gazette and comet. (Baton Rouge, La.) 1856-186?, 1860-05-15
ANEW SUPPLY

OF CHEAP pUBLIcATIossIc. . q 20. H Ts,
Dixorre- nv Lady Cav endish ;McChntoeks Voy
are IN search Of Cir John Franklin, at the
may11 fv'A "hfeA'
Daily gazette and comet. (Baton Rouge, La.) 1856-186?, 1860-05-15

Brsck Masous Materials.
A GOOD supply Of Brick Mason and Plsstsring
IA Materials always on hand and Tor sale ct
carrsnt prices by aoshuA ZEAL.
Daily gazette and comet. (Baton Rouge, La.) 1856-186?, 1860-05-15
REMOVAL.

rI,HE undsrsisnea gives this psbllc notice Of
Il the removal Of her store aud residence 70
the new house, corner u Third and North Boule.
ward Streets tbear The state Housed
Eptrsnce ON North Boulevard s,reet.
MARIO FANNIE r. OCONOR.
Daily gazette and comet. (Baton Rouge, La.) 1856-186?, 1860-05-15
sEGAils AND sN UFF.

SEGA1SS AND SNO
rusr received . nsw supply ssd sold In qnas'
y 49, 70 's'e '. aspps 4 oo'
Daily gazette and comet. (Baton Rouge, La.) 1856-186?, 1860-05-15
FRESH ARRIVALS.

A NEW SUPPLY of Dress Goods, which will
IA be sold cheap for cash, consis ing In part
Cslico Of every kind, NJ the low price ~ iec,s.
per Predetermined fsstI--s call IL solicited on
the Bouievsrds. FANNtET O'CONOR
N. n. full supply % Fancy and millinery
Goods always on hand. mays
Holmes County Republican. [volume] (Millersburg, Holmes County, Ohio) 1856-1865, 1860-01-12
The Cincinnati Gazette's dispatch says

WASHINGTON, Jan. g..
Mr.. Hickman, cf Pa, anti-Democrat is
talked of very generally as an eminently
fit man for the speakership. If in any
contingency Mr.. Sherman should De drop
ped, the choice would fall unanimously
upon Hickman. Such contingency is
possible. Some of the Southern Op-
position, are graduating rapidly into the
Democratic organization.
Mr.. Clark's question, whether The De-
mocrats intended to resist the admission of
Kansas on the excuse of the English bill
provision, was very pertinent. Not an
Ohio Democrat moved from his seat to nm
swer, nor could he get reply from any
one on that side.
After the roll call, the Democrats find
ing that two of their number, besides Mr..
Reynolds, of N. Y, were absent, which
would ensure Mr.. Sherman's eleelion, de,
termined not 10 allow ballotto BE- taken,
and 10 help them out, Mr.. Briggs of N. Y,
occupied the floor in defining his position.
Mr.. Sherman is within three votes OF
election still, aud will remain there until
his friends refuse to adjourn until they are
voted down on the yeas and nays every
time. The Republicans have at last re.
fused to pair off when Democrats absent
themselves from the floor. Ono more step
and the Republicans will triumph.
Holmes County Republican. [volume] (Millersburg, Holmes County, Ohio) 1856-1865, 1860-01-12
The Right Answer Exactly to a
BnelfSt


Honor to the courageous and noble Ga
lusha A. Grow, of Pennsylvania! He has
illustrated the true man, true heroism, true
chivalry, by rejecting the duelist's bloody
code-the code of the coward and the MUIR
derer at heart.
The circumstances are as follows: In the
Congressional bear-garden few days ago,
Mr.. Branch, of North Carolina, violated
all parliamentary and gentlemanly courte-
sizes that are recognized in all deliberate as
semblies, by impugning the motive of Mr..
Grow in his action on The Post Office Bill
at the previous session. Mr.. Grow told
him so in plain, unmistakable English, and
Mr.. B. at once, through 'sa FRIEND" Mr..
Winslow, invited Mr.. G. to "name time
and place outside the District of Columbia, "
&e.-a virtual challenge to duel. To this
Mr.. Grow, through Hon. R. G. Fenton, Of
New York, sent the following manly and
model reply.
WASHINGTON CRY, Dec. 80, 1859.
SIR-Your note of the 29th instant was
placed in my hands by your friend, Gov
ernor Winslow, at II o'clock NJ. to-day
l know of nothing that makes it necessary
for me to name time and place outside
the District of Columbia to receive from
you Communication in writing. Your
note was doubtless-as nothing else has
occurred between us-based upon remarks
made by me in debate in the House of
Representatives in reply to your speech i'm
pugning my motives and the integrity of
my acts as a legislator. On that occasion
] used no language in violation of parlia-
mentary law, and not warranted by your
remarks thus impuguing my & ct.
If your note is to be con- ed Of a
hostile character, then l have tbs to reply.
Regarding dueling as at variance with the
precepts of the Christian religion, and the
sentiments of Christian people, and it
being prohibited and declared crime by
the laws enacted by the body of which we
are members, l cannot recognize it as JUS
tifable mode of settling difficulties among
men, even in cases of unwarrantable pro-
vocation; but my personable rights, and
the freedom of debate guaranteed. by the
Constitution i shall defend whenever they
are assailed. Very respectfully yours,
GALUSHA A. GROW.
To Hon. L. OBJ. BRANCH.
The penal code of the District rigidly
forbids dueling and challenging to fight by
members of Congress, and under it Mr..
Branch has forfeited his seat in Congress.
The law in his case will prove blank paper,
as he is Southern Democrat. The Trib-
une's special despatch of the lst says:
The arrest of Messrs. Branch and Grow
was predicated upon information which
reached the authoritiesth at the former had
notified the latter, after Mr.. Grow. had de-
clined accepting his challenge, he would
assail him on sight. Both are now under
heavy bonds to preserve the peace. 1t al
ways has been understood that Mr.. Grow
did not recognize the Code, but did recog-
nize the right Of defense against assault.
Holmes County Republican. [volume] (Millersburg, Holmes County, Ohio) 1856-1865, 1860-01-12
What They think in New Or
leans.


The New Orleans Crescent, speaking Of
the Southern efforts 10 extend slavery,
saws: "There is neither reason, common
sense, nor sound policy in pursuing any
such course as tbs. The territories, aitho'
the common property of the States of the
Union, are irrevocably lost to the South.
Kansas might have been saved to the South
but for the double dealing, treachery, or
imbeciiity, all combined, cf President Bu-
chanan. But Kansas is nov gone, and
with her, every chance likely to flow frop,
our territorial possessions as nation
Not another new slave State will ever be
admitted into the confederaey as it now
stands, and it is not at all probable, were
Texas divided according to the express
terms oS the treaty annexation, that the
PARTON of the territory separated would be
permitted to come in if it presented itself
with constitution allowing slavery. Our
true policy, then, is to secure what w. now
have, and not waste our strength on ab-
straciions having neither practical worth
nor value. As we stand no chance what
ever in the territories, let US ignore the ter
ritories and devote ourselves to the work OF
saving where there is chance TO save
Let US look at our border slave States-to
those outpost bulworks of our threatened
institutions-and see what can be done
there. Virginia has lately been the scene
of fanatical outbreak. Maryland is be
coming rapidly free-soiled. Delaware has
gone from us altogether. Missouri is going;
and in Kentucky, along the line Of the
Ohio river, negro property is about as in
secure rs it we'll can be"
Holmes County Republican. [volume] (Millersburg, Holmes County, Ohio) 1856-1865, 1860-01-12
Republican Caucus at COIum-
hus.

A general caucus of the Republican
members of the General Assembly, for con-
sultation upon the Senatorial question, was
held in the Hall of Representatives the
evening of the 4th. Hon. Aaron Harlan
presided. The Commercials despatch says
seyenty-four members were present, and
nine absent; of whom four were Senators
and FIVE Representatives. The Senators
were Messrs. Harrison, Jones, Cuppy and
Ready, who are anti-Chase men. Of the
Representatives, four are for Chase, and
one unknown. Members differed in their
views respecting the disposition of the
Senatorial question-whether it should be
settled Immediately or be postponed a week
or to the end of the session. A few were
favorable to an immediate election. A
majority urged brief delay ont of courte
sy to conservative Republicans, and one or
two suggested the wisdom of postpone
ment until the end of the session, but none
advocate an extra session for the election.
Conservative Republicans generally ex-
pressed objection to an immediate election
freely, but intimated their readiness to vote
for the Caucus nominee, and also impress
ed upon the Caucus the necessity for eau
ton and moderate action. The strong
Chase men did not desire to force and an
election, but insisted npon positive de-
cisiou of the question within reasonable
period, say six weeks. The regularity of
the call of the Caucus was questioned,
and some influential friends of Gov. Chase
favored an adjournment until next Wednes-
day night, to go fully into the question and
decide definitely upon action at that or
some future time, so that no member could
frame an excuse for absenting himself from
caucus for alleged informality in the call.
During the meeting, varions resolutions fix
ing the time 10 nominate, were discussed,
laid on the table and introduced again.
But finally the Caucus adjourned to meet
next Wednesday night, to dispose of the
matter. This settles the early election of
Gov. Chase. No ordinary event will pre-
vent it. AT least seventeen Senators will
vote for Chase on the first ballot, and the
balance will acquiesce, and not moro than
half.a-dozen members of the House favor
any other candidate. If teirteen opposed
to Chase could be found, he would still be
elected.
Holmes County Republican. [volume] (Millersburg, Holmes County, Ohio) 1856-1865, 1860-01-12

Pass HIM RouND.-We hope the Ohio
Editorial Convention to be held at Tiffin
on the 18th inst, will vote Mr.. HILLS of
Medina, Leather Medal for his efforts to
have the law for the publication of the
General Laws in each county, repealed
We don't know this HILLS, but ventnre
the opinion that he is one of your Wheel
ink, whining, thin-skinned Yankees, as un-
fit for a seat in Legislative body, as he
is for the Kingdom of Heaven. His pro-
portion of the expense of publishing the
Laws in his county, ought to be made up
in Convention and sent TO him on three
cent piece.
Holmes County Republican. [volume] (Millersburg, Holmes County, Ohio) 1856-1865, 1860-01-12
Washington News.
WAsHINaToN, Jan 8.

VAodlndlON, Jdu Os
The Heralds correspondence says the
Americans have caucussed tonight, and
reviewing their course, have decided that
they could never embrace the Lecompton
Democracy without being demoralized,
and stultify the party.
It is stated that Mr.. Davis of Indiana,
who nominated Mr.. Hamilton, says he is
disguised at the manner in which they
treated his candidate and declares he will
vote for Adrian tomorrow.
Horace F. Clark is making an effort to
unite the Administration and South Amer
can votes on Mr.. Etheridge, if Tenn, but
his success is doubtful. The Democrats
have given up all hope of concentrating
the three parties upon candidate in op-
position to Mr.. Sherman. They will in a
day or two present new man. They will
continue their changes till they have ex-
hausted MI their available candidates.
Holmes County Republican. [volume] (Millersburg, Holmes County, Ohio) 1856-1865, 1860-01-12

the Texas Legislature has elected Wig
fall Irregular DemocraD U. s. Senator by
two majority.
A new and neat design for half dollars
has been got up at the U. s. Mint to be
submitted to Government for the approval.
The new coin, although of the same diam
eter as that now in circulation, is much
thicker at the rim in consequence of the
deeper sinking of the die, and hence much
more durable. On one side is medallion
portrait of Washington, with the head
wreathed with laurels; the word Liberty
upon the scroll over the bust; at the bot
tom the year 1859; and around the whole
the words United States of America, in
plain, we'll adapted raised letters. On the
reverse side, wreath of grain enyelops
the words Half Dollar, in the same beauti-
| fuI letters. The coin is very handsome.
That parsonage, Dan Sickles, assures the
Representatives to whom he spoke, but
who don't speak to him, that the religious
sentiments of the North is against the Re-
publcans. How long has he been author
lied to act as organ for the religious world
He thinks himself modern Daniel, and
so he is, very modern one; and a lion
besides, but with teeth drawn and claws
pared. He should go to his den.
The annual report OF the state of the
Methodist Church in the United States
for 1859 shows that this body embraces
80 conferences, S32,657 members, nearly
100000 probationers, with an increase Of
the entire membership during the past year
of ,790. The number of ministers admit
ted on trial has been 6l3. The whole num-
berlin service amounts to 6,s77 travelling,
and 1904 local preachers. The churches
number about $500. The probable value
of church property is nearly Sl9,000,000.
Parsonages 2,54v, valued at $2,427 ,l68
The receipts during the year were: for
claimants on the Conferences, $50, $50; for
Missionary purposes, SPAS, 1888; for the
Tract cause, sl5,6o5; for the American
Bible Society, s4O'OSo; Sunday Schools,
is 1l,755; officers and teachers, S9,299;
sholars, 732, ,592; volumes in the library,
2,SOO,7s3.
The General Episcopal Theological Semi
nary at New York numbers fifty-seven stu
dents. Twenty-niDe entered this term, of
which all but four are from the Diocese of
New York. The Seminary, Therefore, is |
general" only in name.
Rev. Edward E. Hale of Boston, writes
from Floranco, Italy, that the Bible is sold |
freely there, and society of Italians meets
every evening there forts study. On Sun
day these meetings are as large as five hun
dred persons--on week days as many as
two hundred meet: they are conducted by
the voluntary or spontaneous action of the
members, with extempore prayers iu ltal-
ian, and careful and reverntial study oil