The weekly pioneer and Democrat. [volume] (Saint Paul, Minn. Territory) 1855-1865, 1860-02-03

of any State from the other States, as well
as for repelling the invasion of the United
States by foreign powers. First, in respect
to invasion by foreign powers.
See clauses IL, II, 13, IA and Is of Sec
tion eight, article irst-Congress shall have
power to declare war, &c. to raise and sup.
port armies, &c. to provide and maintain a
navy, &C.; to make rules for the govern
ment and regulations of the land and naval
forces to provide for calling out of the
militia to execute the laws of the Union,
suppress insarrection and repel invasions.
These provisions place the whole military
power of the Union at the disposal of the
Federal Government, for the defence and
protection of the United States as WHOLE
including States, Territories and the District
of Columbia.
The laws to be executed are the laws of
the Union. The instructions to be sup
pressed are those against the Federal author
tiles. The invasions to be repelled under
the authority of these provisions are invasion
of the United States from foreign countries,
and not invasions of the several States from
the other States of the Union. An invasion
of any portion of the jurisdiction of the Uni
ted States, whether the invaders land within
the limits of State or Territory or in the
District of Columbia, is an invasion of the
United States, and not Of any particular
State. Within the meaning of these pro-
visions, having vested in Congress the power
and imposed the duty of defending any por-
tion of the United States from invasion
from foreign countries, the trainers of the
Constitution proceed to guarantee the pro-
lection of each separate State from violence
and invasion from the other States of the
Union. (See section four of article four.)
This section contains three distinct guar
antics by the United States to each State,
which guarantees are to be fulfilled by the
exercise of Federal authority as provided in
the Constitution 6rst-that the United
States shall guaranty to every State in this
Union Republican form of government !;
each of them against invasion from any other
State or place within the limits of the ju-
risdiction Of the United States; third-the
United States shall protect each of the
States, on application Of the legislatures, or
the executive when the legislature can not
be convened, against domestic violence.
MIR. Douglas quoted from the forty third
number of the Federdlist, written by Mr..
Madison, to show that this clause in the
Constitution was understood at the time it
was adopted by its trainers ecisely as he
now explains it, and read the following
paragraph:
= A protecting against invasion is due from
every society to the parts composing it.
The latitude of the expression here used
seems to secure each State not only against
foreign hostility, but against ambitious or
vindictive enterprise by its more powerful
neighbors. The history of both ancient
and modern confederacies prove that the
weaker members of the Union ought not
to be insensible to the policy of this article.
1t will be observed that in case of insur-
rection or domestic violence in any State
against its own authorities, the United
States can not interfere except on application
of the State authorities but in case of
threatened invasion of State from other
States, the United States are bound to pro-
tect such State without waiting for the
State to apply for assistance. The pledge
is that the United States shall protect the
State against invasion in all such cases; not
merely repel the invasion as provided in
cases where foreign powers may invade the
United States, but shall protect each of
them against invasion.
To protect against is much stronger and
more comprehensive toll than to repel !; it
implies that the United States will do all that
may be necessary to insure domestic tran
qnility to each State against external
violence. Such are the powers and duties
imposed on the United States by the Consti.
tion. Mr.. Douglas said his resolution con.
templated all the legislation which might be
necessary and proper to carry these powers
into effect.
In the performance of the high duties, it
is not sufficient to provide for repelling the
invasion when the hostile force shall be
mustered on the line of the threatened State
or shall be found marching in solid column
for the purpose of invading State. A
conspiracy, a combination in any State, or
anywhere within the limits of the United
States, with the intent to invadea State, or
subvert its government, or mOlest its inhabi-
tants or their property, or to disturb its
peace and domestic tranquility, should also
be declared high crime, indictable in the
United States Courts, and punishable by
confinement in the penitentiary or prisons
in the State where such conspiracies OF
combination may be performed.
The peace and harmony of this country
have been too long and too frequently dis.
turbed, and the patience of all good citizens
exhausted by the conspiracies and combina'
tions in the different States to seduce anc
} run Oft slaves from their masters, to stea
/ and drive off horses and other property from
one State to another, to organize bands o
! rufians and desperadoes for the purpose o
invading under the pretense of emigation tt
! the Territories, and controlling their elec
! tions and shaping their domestic institu