The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1860-07-07

TN supposed changes are this "resuit is set forth in
newha! remarkable series Of reproachfu allegations,
remains OF this address but implying in the aggregate
the general corruption OF the country political social and
moral The severity OF these reproaches not materially
soened by few courteous words OF respect for the Anne
rican people shall in moment select for examination
two three OF the most serious OF these charges observ
country which have imperfecty sketched and especial
y its astonishing growth during the present century in
the richest products material and intellectual OF rapidly
maturing civilization, furnish sufficient defence against
the general charge Men do not gather the grapes and
figs OF science art taste, wealth. ana manners from the
thorns and thstles Of lawlessness venay fraud and
violence. These fair fruits grow only in the gardens
Of public peace and industry, protected by the
law. La the outset let II be observed then, that
the assumed and assigned cause OF the reproach-
full and deporabe state OF things alleged " exist In the
Unted States as imaginary the effects are exaggerat
ed wholly unfounded in fact. The checks establish
ed by Washington and his associates an unbalanced
democracy in the general government have never ~
alleged been swept away-not one OK them inc greai
government concerned Is the limitation Of the granted
powers Of Congress- the reservation Of the hts of the
States aud the organization Of the Senate their repre-
sentative These constitutional provisions little compre
hended abroad which give to the smallest States equal
weight with the sasges. 10 one nrsncn =, ane ~
cal majority and neither in this in any other prov
sion Of the constitution bearing the subject has tho
slightest change ever been made Not only 50, but the
prevalent Icy since 1900 has been In favor Of the
reserved rights Of the States and In conseqa dero
fact when the Reform bin was sgitsed in England and
By the conservative states Of hat country stigma
tized as Ga revolution WAS admitted that the United
States possessed In their written consultation aud In the
difficulty Of procuring amendments TO u, conservative
principle unkno 10 the English government In truta,
II by san unbalanced democracy" IL meant such go
az that Of Athens or republican Rome or the
Italian republics, the English Com nonweath or revo-
lutonary France there not only never was, but never
be such thing In the Csed States The very fact
that the great Of the population is broken up into
separate States, thirty hree in number and rapidly
multiplying each with its local ineress and centre of
political itself cheek
a democracy. Each Of these States is represen-
tatiye commonwealth, composed OF two branc hes,
with the ordinary divisions OF cxsctive, lcgsla
tive and judicial power. II Is true, that in
Of the State some trifing property qualiica-
tons for eligibility and the exercise Of the elective fran
cbse have been sbrogat but not with any pcrceptbe
erct the number char acter OF the voters. The
system varying little in the different States always
approach 20 universal suffrage and the great
has been caused by the increase Of popu
aon Under elective governments with afree press with
ardent party divisions aud questions that touch the heart
of the people petty limitations the right Of suffrage
indeed "cobwebs whichthe popular will breaks through
The voter be one OF ten or one Of my OF the cit
GEMS such questions he will vote in conformity
with the will and wish OF the mass he resists 1t, the
government itself, like that Of France in lS4s, will 60
down. Agitation and popular connection SCOT at checks
and balances and much in Lrgiand as In America.
When nottingham castle is in ruins, and half Bristol
a heap Of ashes, monarchs and ministers must bend.
The Reform bill must then pass "through Pnriia-
ment over it, in the significant words OF Lord Macau
lay and that whether the constituencies great or
small That restricted suffrage and limited consttu
ency do not always insure independence the part OF
the Representatives, may be inferred from the rather re-
markabe admission OF Lord Grey, in this very debate,
that large proportion OF the members OF the present
House Of Commons are, from various circumstances,
afraid to act their real opinions the subject Of the
would be impossible within the limits OF this address TO
into detailed examination OF all the matters laid
charge the occasion alluded The ministerial
leader Qord ranvlie) candidy admitted in tho
Of the debate that though he concnrred with his brother
W We %
for some Of the statements made 70 our discredit,
there Is greater foundation, in fact, than
we could wish that our political system, like
all human Institutions, however wise In theory
and successful In its general operation Is liable 10 abuse
party the bane Of all free governments works IL
mischief here that some bad men are raised 70 oco and
good excluded from IT, that public virtue here
elsewhere sometimes breaks do under the lust OF
place Of gold tina, unwise laws sometimes passed
by legislatures, and unpopular laws sometimes vo
lated by the mob in short that the fraies and vices
they in monarohies in the new world in the old
whether to greater, equal or less degree, time mus
show The question may as pcrsinsGy DO askei Of ma
that Is in thy brother and consderest not the beam
that Is in thine own eyer"
ADMINISTRATION or JUSTICE
An honest and impartial OF justice IL the
stone OF the social system. The serious
charges brought against the occasion alluded
are, that owing to the aPervadng corruption OF tn,
country the judges of the Supreme Court OF the United
States who commanded the public respect at home
and abroad are now appointed for party purposes aud
that some Of their decisions have excited the disgust OF
all high minded men, that the igcs Of most OF the State
courts hold their Offices by election, by annual cleo
on; TIA, The undspused dominion Of the numerical ma
jority, which has been established viii not allox the de-
fres and passions OF the hour 10 be checked by firm adj
minsirsion OF the law and that In consequence, the
laws In this country have become ccbwebs TO resis
either the rc the popular feeling Of the moments in
word, that the American As'r@a, like the goddess Of
in your hearing that wherever else this may he
land believe 10 be true nowhere In the United Statcs
Hall peyer boated court more honored or more worthy
Of honor than that which holds its office by life tenure
and administers impartial justice without respect Of per
TO the people of Massachusetts, Such court the
people Of Massachusetts, have wish n change for
elective Judiciary holding Office by short tenure In
their opinion evinced In their practice this all mloraa
branch of The ought To be removed a. fr IA
possible beyond the reach Of political Influences but II IL
surely the grosest OF errors to sk Of the tribunals Of
the United States being generally tainted with party
10 represent the Law in the main having ceased u be
respected and enforced. Taking comprehensive view
from exceptional occurrences 1t may safely said that
the law Of the land j. ably, cheapy and impartiay al.
ministered In the United States and implicitly obcyeL
On few questions, half dozen In number sace the
organization of the government and those partng of
political char,cte the decisions Of the Court Ike the aues
Ons To which they refer have divided public opnion Bat
II surely tribunal the world. which, ike the ~.
preme Court O the United States has since the
OF The government not only efficiently performed the
binary functions Of tribunal OF tho last resort but which
sits IN Judgment the courts and legislatures u sovereign
States acts Of Congress tc and pronouuces the law
10 confederation coextensiTe with Europe know
such protection under sny other government against
unconstitutional legislation IT, indeed any legislation
De called unconstitutional, where Ptrlment, alike In thco
ry and practice, omnipoeut With respect 10 the par
san character of courts inferred from the IN
which the judges are appointed, the judges OF the United
states courts which the tribunals specifically reflect
ell o. are appointed IN the manner and hold their
offices lay the tenure the English judges OF the
courts Of common law. They appointed for life by
The executive power, doubt from the dominant party
Of the day and this equally IN both countries The pcsd
Ing magistrate Of the other bran h ef sh prudence
The Lord Chancellor. s displaced with every change In
politics In seventy since the adoption Of tbs
federal constitution, there have but fol. a..
trSe ,rf thf tpitsa Stst~- 49, sfct" hHNt ote
"a lord Chancellor, many changes OF
sdmnistraton, and seven diaerent individuals nave
Allied The Office of whom Eve are living As member oi
he Cabinet and speaker of the House OF Lorns, ne
Is necessarily deep 10 all the political eon'rovcss
The dsy and his vast official Influence and psrennse
arc lei, throughout church and state Inc Gniei Jus
tice OF England usually n member OF the ho1se !"
lords sometimes ms%s shr ~ psr,is,nss,u a.
an The Iitcd states and Cor much stronger reason in
exnuoh MS our Judges never be members the Cab
t or Of Congress During considerable part OF his ca
rerv .ga Ns,,s Geld engaged in Differed pot
crj v-f,re sth lhc Earl Of Chatham In the House OF
iry-,s an Mo roscrocs e the English language were
m ard