The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1860-09-05

Crane xeent OF nation He Erst tablished reforms
among the people, then turned his attention war
ana extension of his territories Tho neghboring
tors The southern frontier being to Formidable
naturally directed bis ambition towards ccoquerng
nj Nsrvs by the swedes ouly excited b m
20 grsster energy IN developing Tue Of
ny hasns ess.cl'snsd ~ Petersburg ~ . ccmnsrcAl
world Bus Notwithstanding the Immense loss Of lse and
treasure whrh thai city coat hs p~u., Peter that
could not satisfy the dsmsnds Of hts growing empre,
Crafty his ambition for marit power roe Ratio
not only trossn than ball the year. bas
so0,her toward We Baox sea the possessoo q wncn
required MOI only the acquisition u Crnea but of he
and The Dsrd.1ecs These were In the hands
o. the dreaded Turks, over whom he knew mpos-
less, couoeiving
rED re<<nSaos OF ooSsrASTmoPIx MpmpsABIl,
he directed his energies 70 Ms attainment Accordingly
b. esssbshed agents secretly intrigue with the Chris
tians Of Turkey On this the Turks forced
70 declare war with Russia
TIE Oar excned the fanaticsm of his soldiers by
idea Of . rehRous war, giving them standards for
The oc ssion, nearing side cross, with the In
scripsop Of the Labarm Of the Greek Eaperos Of on
sssntnopie e. tao MIA and on the other the motto
In she name OF God and Christianity"
PETER vnRArY or pxuTH
The commenced in the Prncipstes Of Aods-
via and waAchs, because Peter knowing that he had
partially gained over those populations hoped
them the basis Of future pvzsons into Turkey But he
vas surrounded by the Turkish army tho banks
Of the Pruth, and placed completely In their power,
whether by The bribery Of Catherine the wife O, the EN-
peror, some other uDAccountable stratagem, the
Grand vizier, Mehemed Baagy the commander Of the
Turkish army, instead Of taking the Gar captive
induced TO TO the famous treaty Of Pruth which
liberated Peter and his army Had the Grand vizer
probably have perished and Russia reapsed into her
former iDsrnihcAnce, and the world would haze been
- Thornton has said The genius Of the ottoman empire
Numbered when the treaty II Pruth was signed"
undaunted by these reverses, tho Gar never ren
pushed his designs upon Turkey, 10 which WAS nov
sdced the desire u he revnged for the gnominy he had
suffered. He consequently continued 70 augment the
military and TO worry the Turks by constant aggrcssons
PofrcY
He bequeathed his policy TO his successors In cole
brated memorandum, Of which articles II 's
are follows,-
Article IL The House OF Austria must be Interested
the expulsion Of the Turks from Europe and 10 the
Of the taking OF ConstaDtnope It's jealousy must be
azed either by exciting the States OF Europe
make war with IL, or by renqu shng share Of the
quered territory, 70 be taken again At . later period
Art IL All the Greeks in Hungary, Turkey or south
Poland now diviced into parties, must be rallied
around Rufsa as central point; Russia must be their
support and, by Of certain ecclesiastical supre
macy. must prepare the way for complete sovereignty
How faithfully and patiently the Successors Of Peter
the Great have endeavored to fuln his will recorded N
all the suoss quept history Of Russia
Constant aggresiops kept In the regions about
tepce or othersoetimes adjusted merely by spirit Of
revenge for their dsgraces At the battle OF Pruh
WAR IN THE cnzNEA TREATY BuGRADA
In I7s4, the Russian army being numerous and we'll
disciplined and the artillery very effective the govern
ent concluded that tho time had arrived 10 put their
policy into action According the Instructions OF Peter
the Great, Austria IVES induced 70 join with Russia
against the rurks-AusriA In Ssrva and Bosnia and the
Russians In the Crimea. Tho war In the Ormea was
marked by the most atrocous cruelty and the most
age spir Of devastation. No mercy vas shown ny the
Russians 10 towns ara villages nred, the
inhabitans slaughtered, even when resistance
offered 10 the Russian troops Turkey wished for peace
Sn .ne .ecn a"s sanc tho sasS hs
army Was violently opposd 70 peace and endeavored 70
induce the 70 strike boldly for the conquest
merely BY Russian arms, bus I'm accordance vita the
principles Pes<r BY raining NE Christian SUBJECTS Of
Court Of ~ Petersburg what vas ne true ssAss
OF the Ottoman Empire IN Europe, with ~ AaAome-
lions o. rayAhs who had been oppressed for centuries
who had ceased 10 hate their conquerors and Who
Russisn power He tho Csarina thas eli Greeks
regarded her their legitimate sovereign, and that the
he now the time 70 take saSon.ss o. sasr eu.ha
cause, and 70 march upon Coostantiuople
while the effect which our victories have produced In
fresh and vivid ruch an opportunity may never again be
offered Bat ,ae Ausrians sustained heavy defeats
the upper danube and slad 70 oeroate FOR pesse
With the mutual enemy, rialatng that Russia should
aso cease hostilties The Turkish army being TOO
powerful and eiaed by victory the Austrans, Rus
J. II a. she the of accomplishing the dearest
Of her ambition BY this treaty IL specially
stipulated Una. nus p, snoso not. either upon tne ga
any other ships" This beng dismetricsly opposed
TO the policy o. Rassia NOT 70 be supposed she In
tended % faithfully " relinquhh her designs
ATTACK on POLAND rxRsyr xAySARBJAH-
The next Asgrcsions Of Russia through Poland,
where had stirred anmoscs among the Christians
by her own emissaries until . civil war pro-
duced, and she bad . pretext 70 step In media
tor The Porte protested against the occupation
Of Poland by Russian troops without avail On the
uny The Russians carried their sggressious
the Turkish territories, claiming forts which we're not
designated m theirs 10 the treaty; consequently the
TURKS verc provoked 70 declaration Of war
Al this lime p7cs) England and other European
ambitious scheucs Of Russia BY TIE desire of frming
20, srful alliance of the Northern Powers of Eieops
were taken 20 restrain Russia. In this cr,mcs
oet the Turks. and hopes entertained " also
ss bad been 20 Succession IN The More. ;Sa, Toe
Greeks had sent repeated 10 the Empress
:, ,1e Rn.r.n 49,. ~ .s .f =,
the Mediterranean 81 which tact the Turks could not be
convinced they thous hi there could bs
nication between the Bat and tho Mediterranean
but understanding the cocuIston Of the No,es BY Rus
troops. and the rising Of tho Greeks, the Ottoman
snpremacy maintained there Thea difficulties sere
ho~ever brought Ter ninstnn 10 IVA BY the treaty
Of Kayrardah which entirely changed the relative pos
lion q the TOO empires has source Of nnu.
merablc troubles - the European States.
Tho most important articles Of this treaty we're - fol-
Iowa
Article All the Tartar penpics-tho~e Of the crimca,
&c shall, without ssy exc.osion, be Acknowledged by
the empires free nations snd cctreiy independent
Of every foreign power by their sovereign.
OF the Of GheoGa Khan elected and raised 20 the
throne BY al the Tartar peoples; neither
the Court Russia the ostmsn rure shah interfere
under any prrext whatever with the election Of tho aid
Khan, or In The domestic poiitca, civil and internal
AnAlrs Of the same
Article The sublime Porte promises n protect
santy The Christian religion and ia churches and also
allows the Ministers Of The imperial Of Russia
make upon eli occasions, veil In favor
OF the church n CrnstAntinopssof which mention
vii 10 made IN Article i4-aa behalf of la officiating
ministers promising lake such representations
Consideration being made by COZ tcniia funciousry
a Q p~ishhorfns and sincerely friendly power
ms the which Prince Menschikod IN 1889,
The chains u Rassia 10 the general psossn n
all the inhabitants OF the Turkish ovuatrica who
members Of the 0rr-k church
n wAs stiruasre BY . clause ~ article H. "a