New-York daily tribune. [volume] (New-York [N.Y.]) 1842-1866, 1860-07-23

band only ge, team instead Of sending too. When
there than two hands In loading, let pitch
while ope losds: because one man load Tor swo
pitchers Just ss well for When the distance IA
hall uile from the barn 10 the field, and 1t is
convenient to have two teaus 10 haul with, TIRES
baDdt viii accomplish more at hsuhng hay and gram,
by putting two loscs IL the field and driving shen
70 the place of unloading and unloading oosh Sous,
than they viii 10 only wagon ana one t'am'
because there will he less Time not appropriate 70 use
ful labor wh4n there tre teams tnAn "ner 9us
enc is used In haans any .nns any homas 70 ,,s
most economical purpose each msn 81 ouid have u
team 80 that all his time may be consumed If not IN
attire labor, IN something whcn consumes nme' s0eh
ss ,irply driving team with load.
In hanfpg heavy ~ 81 timber, where swo or moro
hands are absolutely necessary in loading Ia order 70
lose DO tine Of workmen each should have team;
and then two, three or more ~ may be niece seary,
should load team, and then another and then each
man drive team 10 the place Of unloading, when no
time need be consumed 10 no purpose.
HOW TO USE SHOVEL.
The great excelency and efficiency of shovels, and
the ease with which they may be handled depend al
most entirely on the correct hang of the handles and
blades. If shovel spade be made of the very b~st
riss and 10 defective IN the hang Of the blade and
kaH6le ~ is poor tool; and the intelligent farmer
would rd il for his interest 70 dispose # sac tools 10
those " tho contend that laborer perform
Just much work with tool having straight ham
die with tool correctly hung, prorsdtng he IS only
accustomed to nsing such tools. Shoveling dirt,
manure anything else is very laborious work even
when the very best kiud Of shovee used; but when
shovelng is TO be performed with poor tool the IL
borer ia 20 be greatly fatgued while he performs
but light days work; bu, when 9 shovel is made Of
good Materials is light and bright and correctly hung,
man win be able perform tuice the amount of la
bor with half the fatigue that he would experience
with ,hovel improperly hung. Shovels are too fire.
quenily made unnecessarily heavy ip order to be Of
consistent strength, because the materials OF which
they are made are very poor but they Uere made OF
rhavr he hrd Heyhk
and sufficiently strong for any skillful abor-r TO
without fear Of breaking. When the blades made
Of poor ron II is necessary 70 make them nriy twice
heavy as they made of STEEL and more than
this iron blades will not smooth and will not
enter the dirt easily seel blade; and dirt Is Tar
more apt 10 adhere iron blade than TO steel one
all of which require the esercise of more force In
using 8 shovel IL Il no uncommon thing 10 Ind slov
eli from one pound heavier than is necessary.
Suppose for example, laborer will throw Mp ten
shovelfus in minute; al that rate be viii throw up
six Thousand shovelfuls in day of ten hours If hs
shovei be Two pounds heavier than Necessary be VIII
ten hours exert force which ia entirely lost in hand
ling heavy shovel which ould have been sufficient
to have thrown up twelve thousand pounds Of earth,
with fatgue thao he experiences, had he used
lighter shoy ell The labOrer will discover from THE
fact the importance of having shovels light as will
be consistent with necessary strength and the better
the materials Of which shove made the lighter
they may be, and the more workman will be able to
perform with certain amount Of force. In using
shovel all the force which laborer exerts should be
turned to the most efficient purpose II requires but
little force TO shovel tun OF earth whes man ham
dies good shovel with d-xterity; but if laborer
must bend his legs and back very much III order To
bring bis shovel IN the best position 10 enter th7 sub
stance 10 be shoveled with The least turce the fatigue
pr, duced by brit gng his body into such position. and
strengthening again, will be greater tnan mat CAUSED
by thrustiDg in the shovel and hitting shovelal. For
this is very poor policy for lsborer TO use
shovel with short handle ike the handle of sp4de
for sbove any length Of time because il ia very Ia
borious and taiigning man may shovel with short
hancle for an hour or so ss fast he would with
long handle and discover any difference in the ia
tgue produced force expended; but let him continue
10 use a shovel with short handle all day, and II be
does honest day work, unless his powers OF en-
durance are very great, he will pronoun'e shovellng
very laborious business. In sbovelng dirt or manure
with sh handled shovel the operator usually places
the band which holds the h Of the shovel against the
inside of thigh and bends his knees and body for
ward and in this position, by no means an easy oce,
thruss in the shovel. The simple act of bringing the
body into such position and bringing 1t again erect,
will require the expenditure OF more force than tue
shoyeing alone. Ia order to shovel with the least IA
tigue aborer needs stand almost erect, with his
back straight and knees bent but little; and then with
the handle resting one knee the shovel tnrast
into the dirt by for ward motion Of the body; and by
Strengthening the knees and keeping the arms stiff,
it the shovel across the knee the shoveul lifted
few inches with the least possible fatigue Then by
making fulcrum of the knee across VIII 81 the handle
resting and by thrustng the upper end OF the handle
down With one haud the shoveful may be raised
WV 1. ~
nearly foot high with the greatest ease II must then
be lifted By the arms. But mans back should be al
ways kept about straight IL shoyelng as he VIZ be
able to work much longer and with less fatigue taan
would be possible when he Is constantly bending and
his back The knees should always per-
form the most boriOus part III shoveng dirt, ana the
arms should he kept closely TO the body as conve
pient Nv apology for being 30 particular on this
subject is fe LAB, rers, old young know how to
uee dr-shovel with the greatest ease and TO perform
the greatest amount of labor with the least fatigue;
and they oen labor very hard and aceompli. bat lit
tie because they do not understand handing the shovel
with dezterity, or because il is not properly hung
HOW TO HANDLE A BEETLE.
II ia often very amusing See bow awkwardiy and
ineeienty many laborers handle beetle IN splitting
wood or rails OF anything else One blow Will be on
one corner of an iron wedg- ana the next dow WIZ
be ON aoker corner, and the next will be In such
manner that one corner OF the W. dge and beetle ring
will come In contact and the beetle will io over and
over and very likely will fly half rod; and when the
lshorer goes TO get his beetle again he will not un-
likely ind ring broken When beetle rings are put
on az tightly as they ought 10 be- one or two awkward
blows with tire beetle, In such an unskIliul manner
that the IRON wedge and beetle ring Will come III con-
tart w i sIap ring der simultaneously, unless
il il OF the very best iron and then rings will Of
ten break especially in frosty weather when the dow
il not very powerful. LaboIers ought 10 knoW-but
blusb to "a that one Ill fifty does not knowthat when
the face of beetle is struck the corner of an IRON
wedge the blow il not half effective as 1t woHld De
IL the face struck the heaH of the wedge entirely square
And more than al this when all the blows are appheo
70 corner of the wedge beetle will be completely
r ont before ii has performed ouefourth Of the GER
vice that it would have done had the blows been sp,
nled in such manner that the face OF the beetle and
head Of the wedge came together square, ne hey
ghCuld come. II is most surpriaing TO witness how
long GOOD beetle win l,st some laborers AID how
much they viii use it at hard pounding while. on the
contrary il is etl surprising TO See how very
soon another iaborer viii mp good beetle before
he has used enough 10 begin 10 even think OF ts be-
ing worn OUT The first alluded 10 always strike very
trfe and snnare while the later deal ther bio rs 10