New-York daily tribune. [volume] (New-York [N.Y.]) 1842-1866, 1860-02-29
SCIENCE, INDUSTRY, And INVENTION
MALLEABLE-I IRON CASTINGS-A NEW PRO
CESS

Iron in it, various forms Of wrought or malleable
iron cast iIon and STEEL presents the properties Of
number OF different metals L. IS sDguIary indtpcsed
10 unite it'll other metals 10 form alloys and is uses
aye not multiplied by such combinations those Of
"copper" silver gold lead tin. &c We. It's rance of use
ful applications il wonderfully extended by The slight
differences in the proportion of carbon when IS GA1e
to unite with it. This element il derives fom the fuel
employed in the treatment Of the metal Of il ores,
and though the maximum proportion tbs iron can AXE
up Of i, does not exceed s. per cent ia upon tho vary
ing quantities below CHS proportion tina the chaHicter-
isc properties OF the different kinds of iron depend.
Wrought msleabe iron il the meta free "a may
be from all foreign subsianeesi it tak-s ard half
Ter q Mt of carbon aad becomes steel and with from
two TO five per II forms the varieties Of pig cast
iron The metalurgical treatment Of iron beside the
processes by which wrought iron is als direct fom
The oes) has chiefly in view the chaoeiog Of these
proportions OF carbon IN o.der II obtain desired vari
cites Of H. metal The pig iron is most chiefly pro-
duCed from the the large scale, and this is
venitntly cast into m0ld and used for muitude OF
purposes for which the greater strength and infusi
biy Of malleabe irCn Is not essential is converted
into naesble iroD 1T heat which destroys the shape
of Tie castings, by tho padding process which consists
in exposing the metal KEEP. al a high temperature % a
current Of air. the oxygen II which combines with and
es the carbon in gaseous siae, while the boiy
of astd metal IL stirred abou. in the hearth of The pud
ding furnace. The iron, when thua deprived Of its
cIIbUn, is hammered and drawn down by rolling into
thee numerical bar roD WATCH by heating and forgi1g
il wrought into the endess variety Of cles for which
this kind Of iron alone IL suitable L. is converted iato
steel by being long exposed TO contact with charcoal
while heated to redness and then melted TO form cas-;
steel New processes of working iron are cOninal lily
proposed, which, for the most part are only app
cations lcEemca laws 20 control the proportion OF the
carbon. Bessamers plan of converting pig iron into
wrought iron, intended 10 take the place of pudding
boil the pig iron in deep yesscl and force air
through it from the bottom. Tho oxygen Of the air
united with the carbon, producing violent commoti)n,
and cary ing il OF; but j, also united with consider
able portion Of the iron, burning converting this into
oxide and thus oausDg serious waste. L. failed,
over TO separate other foreign matters, which is ac-
complished in pudding. The new and simple process
Of making cast steel by melting bits Of malleabe iron
in crucbles together with the proper proportion of
caIbonaccous salt cyanide of potassium, is designed
to present TO the iron just the quantity of carbon
quirtd for the steel This interesting process which Is
successfully conducted in this counfy aud promises to
effect great changes in the manufacture Of STEEL Ia the
invention VI M American chemist, Prof A. X Eaton