, 1860-11-06
FACTS ABOUT HUNGARY.
Popular rSentiment-IIcavT Taxation
--Wor or Reconsideration Tor hoh-
gutil.

Correspondence OF the y. l. lines.]
FRE1RERG, sa1ony, Monday, Oct. 6, 1850.
I shall devote this letter to the relation Of
facts In the present condition Of tile Huns3rl-
ans, which have come to my kno3mltoge 3"!t
turned to Freiberg, after long journey In
Hungary and Trans ylyania-
In the first place, Hungary has changed, like
all other European countries, since 1ota. Inc
present demands Of her people arc somewhat
different from what they were then. The feel,
Ing among the several tribes and the several
religions Is widely different from the mutual
hatred which relgne1 ten years ago.
Ever since the Hungarian rebellion vas
crushed out at Villages, Austria has treated
Hungary as . conquered province. The amount
of taxation Is something Incredible, Many
estates are eaten up by the taxes alone. l
per cent on his capital, which brought him
return Of about three per cent. This vas
probably something extraordinary seven
years Of it would make mana beggas. though
he were millionaire to begin with. But The
Wallach!ans and the 1clnvonians, who were
the Instruments of Austria against Hungary,
have been treated with scarcely less rgor, and
they say they will not be SO fooled again.
The Sclay0nians have, 1t Is true, an old feud
with the 3lagyars. They were the first inhab-
itants. They came from Bohemia, and settled
in the Justa, or great plain, which stretches
southwark from the Carrathian Mountains
Here they tended their fsocks. The Magyars
ofTurcomanni, Monaghan tribe, drove them
into the mountains, at the close of the ninth
century; and, beinga nation Of horsemen, Kept
the plain for themselves. These distinguish
ing characteristics have existed ever since.
The SclAves arc still shepherds In the noun
tains. Tie llunsa7ians still ride upon the
plain. 1t would b. too much to say that the
jealousy between the races Is gone. The Nag
yar dcspises the Sclaye as an inferior being,
and does not love him for tho injuries he re-
ceived from him in 40 But against the ol~
pre5sions Of Austria, it may be said they pre-
sent common front. The Wnllachs still more
inclined to synlpathizc with the Hungarians,
but are entirely under the influence of their
priests, who arc tools alternately Of Austria
and Russia Many Of their churches are sup
ported By Russian gold, and half, at least, own
the Gar as their spiritual head. The rest, al
though they they belong to the Greek Church,
still acknowledge the Pope.
But the mighticst change is, TINT in the pub
lie feeling Of Hungary herself There i .
unanimity, m enthusiasm, determination,
which'b bodies i'll to the House Of Hapsburg.
The Magyars are childshly enthusiastic
and excitabie people. They lore their country,
and are proud even Of its drawbacks. II yon
complain Of the bad travelling on their great
sandy plains, they say 't Yes, indeed, there's
travelling for you! You don't get along SO
two or three proverbs:
'.TAe c:artI is Il hat, and Hungary is feather
in it!'' "Extra Mungaria non est vita: 81 est
vita, non est illa!" {Out OF Hungary there is
no life; OF, If there Is, It is not our kiad!D =.
Some Of them go so far as to say, p" Our God
| has {Ho SONS: Jesus Christ aud Louis Kos
suth!' This latter cxtrayagant hyperbole, ito
the peasants; but all classes alike regard Kos
s,th with vcneration md love. The people
| call him " our Louis" II you whisper IN their
ears, LILLIAN kossutl," Viva kossuth) they
will throw their arms about you, and call you
| brother: In one place, upon the uttcrancc Of
his name, the whole company arose, and un-
covered their heads with the greatest rcyer-
encc, mud i'll perfect silence
The conduct Of Goergey il as much puzzle
to the people Of Hungary as to all the world.
Why he surrendered ct Vilagos. no one can
t tell His chances of success wcrc better than
In many battle which he had already won.
It is proved that he knew Of the projected de-
| And yet the vulgar supposltion that he was
bought over by the Russians or the Austzians,
seems improbable. There Is no evidence OF
| his having been bribed- lie is living In com-
| paratiyc obscurity, as Professor Of Chemistry
| At k2agcntu1H. Heposscsses neither wealth nor
| distinction. Ills conduct, II it was prompted
By any selfish motive, entirely failed of its OBJ
|
warded rs 1t was unexpected
| But while the HuDgarians remember sour
Louis" with SO much affection and veneEation,
they seem no longer to desire a complete sep.
aration from Austria. They know that they
| could not exist as m independent State, aud
would be contented If their Constitution wcrc
restored to them, whose blessings they never
have been permitted to enjoy. For tue Con.
| stitution which thry demand is not the old
| fcudal one, but the new one, which their mag
mates adopted in March, 1S43, and which their
enemies seem persistently to ignore This
Constitution did away with the fcudal system
anl transformed the peasant-yassal into q ten
| ant.
| The freedom of speech in the Kingd m Is
startling. Every man if hostile to the Govern
ment, and no man hcsltAtcs to say openly
Even the Office holders ESQ far as they arc M
tivcs) join In the universal sentiment. The
German element (which consists Of Saxon:
from the mouth Of the Elba, and some Saubi
ans, who all came In the sixteenth and seven
tecuth centuries, and settled mostly In Zipsel
County, is entirely Magyar in feeling, and will
20 as far In opposition to the Government q
tic Hungarians themselves.
As sort Of negative hostility towards
Vienna, the national costume has been revived
and Is worn With .tlsrvrs By all classcs: The
most ordinary day-laboseT will have his EN-
broidercd brceches, top-boots and ha1Ehussal
jackct. But the qucerest item is the spurs
The original alagyars, as have already said
were nation Of riders, and pair Of spurs il
therefore considered an Indispensable part O
the national costume. Everybody wears spur
tho waiter that brings you vine, tht
"knccbt" that blacks your boots, the tarbcl
that slaves you They walk in spurs, dance
| in spurs, fight, sing and pray in spurs, and fo1
all know, they sleep in them. Hungary /:
the country now, above all Others, to adop
that flit-dreas uniform recently discarded b.
| the Te1ans-n cooked hat and-spnrs! Til