The Pacific commercial advertiser. [volume] (Honolulu, Hawaiian Islands) 1856-1888, 1860-12-06
GARIBALDI AND CAVOUR.

The following articles from the London Times of a
recent date, give an insight into the present critical
condition of the Italian revolution. At the latest
dates from Italy, affairs indicated that France or
Austria might soon interfere, which would change
the revolution from a peaceful one to a bloody war
The Italian revolution, wonderful and rapid as it
has been, is not quite so spontaneous an emanation
as its careless admirers may believe. Many infu-
ences have been at work to shake and loosen that
mosaic work of principalities and kingdoms which
twenty months ago appeared TO be perfect and almost
secure. All the military power of the greatest mill
tary nation in the world was but just enough to move
the blocks out of their solid bed. Infinite patience
has been required 10 watch and to seize every oppor-
tunity that occurred to turn one stone after the other.
Mere enthusiasm has not done it all, and never could
have done it all. Fragments of population do not
unite into nations, and slaves do not become free men
by mere force of Examinations and popular shouting.
There has been statecraft and policy, and manage
ment of foreign forces, as well as courage and con-
duct, in the young men of Italy. All these had been
worked together with marvellous unity towards the
common object. This unity of purpose has now been
broken. Unhappily, discord has come to mar the
hitherto successful combination. The man of action
frets under the constraint imposed upon him by the
man Of counsel ; the man of genius grows impatient
of the pretensions of the man Of policy.
Garibaldi insists upon the dismissal of Cavour.
The conqueror of Sicily and Naples insists upon being
set free from entanglements of statecraft and diplo-
macy. and permitted to finish the emancipation of
Italy in Il plain, soldier-lke way.
Our instructive sympathies are all with Garihaldi.
The frs; impulse OF every man must be in favor of
the daring single minded chief who admits only one
object. and pursues that with straight and undeviat-
ing rectitude. Garibaldi thinks that the sword is the
only weapon with which a brave man should hope to
free his country. The sentiment is heroic and at
tractive it gains fame and followers ; it sustains
enthusiasm, ami it betokens honesty-but in this
crooked world it does not always succeed. Against
such lath-and- plaster tyrannies as Garibaldi found in
Sicily and Naples, a bold rush was doubtless the best
attack. One hard push, and the whole edihce dSap-
peared in dust and splinters. The same summary
course of action would also do very well for countries
where he would find a sympathizing people, and no
more obstinate enemies than the Irish garrison of
Spoleto.
Garibaldi has done all this part of his work, and
let no man undervalueit il. He has displayed not only
adventurous daring, but consummate ability. We
wish we English had a general from whom we could
hope, at cur need, for an achievement anything at all
equal in military merit to that Sicilian campaign.
But, great as his successes have been they ale the
easiest of his - programme" and their way has been
prepared by that tortuous policy and crafty counsel
which he now desires TO cast away from him. Carl
baldi's conduct during the campaign in Lombardy
was beyond all praise. As a partisan leader he har-
raised the enemy and occupied and eluded very su-
perior forces. But no one would be more ready than
Garibaldi to admit that it was not he who defeated
the Austrians or who drove them out of Lombardy.
The Austrians were driven out by the French. Now
that Cialdini has dispersed the wretched mercenaries
of the Pope there is nothing more TO do except to cap
ture Rome and conquer Nenetia. That Is to say,
there Is no Impairment 10 me euJTe unity OF lldiys
except only the necessity of concluding a successful
war with France and entirely defeasting Austria. Is
this the serious project of GaribaldI:
Is this the cause of GaribaldIs separation from
Cavour: 1t is scarcely possible to believe that SO
great a man as Garibaldi has shown himself should
at the turning point of his success espouse so wild a
scheme. That he should hold fast by his idea of
Italian unity is but consistent with the character of
the man, and is but due to his own fame but tina:
he should desire to cast his mountaineers headlong at
the French army, and also at the Austrian forces,
seems an impossible suggestion.
The demand for the dismissal Of Cavour and Fa-
RIM is only too unfortunately consistent with his
promise to proclaim the annexation Of Naples from
the top of the Quiriual. 1t may be that all these
reports do Garibaldi injustice, and that the pro-
gramme which he is determined to carry out is not
of the character attributed to him. 1t may be that
he is willing to wait until the flight If the Pope or
the spontaneous course o! events shall free Rome from
her t~hraldom, and restore her 10 her natural Office in
the Italian peninsula. 1t may be, also, that he is
quite alive TO the madness Of venturing within that
great trap which the Austrians still keep set and
baited close by SOlferino, and that he is coutent TO
wait for Venice until the expenses have told upon the
temper of the Austrian Reichsrath, and until the
Of the ten millions offered by Italy can no
longer be resisted.
But, If so, why this pertinacious demand that Ca
YOUR shall be dismissed? Garibaldi has never hither-
to shown himself a man likely to be influenced by
merely personal motives. Tha, he dislikes Cavour is
known. That he dislikes him for his diplomacy
and for hs cession of Nice, and possibly, also for the
unworthy manner in which he has sometimes treated
we are not now 10 be told. That he should
be determined not TO give up Sicily and Naples to be
.raficked for between Cavour and the Emperor of the
French is very natural. Great as Garlbaldi l., he l.
not more necessary TO the success Of the revolution
low tending to its accomplishment than Cavour Is.
There is some equivocal work yet 10 be done, which
Iaribaldi cannot do. The French journals are vehe-
nenrly denying all designs upon certain Islands, just
Is they once before As ~yehemently denied all designs
lpon Nice and France i Al the same time protesting
gains the annexation Of Naples, just as she protested
against the annexation Of Tuscany. These are mat
ers which will require management, and Cayour Is
he Onlu man ,ch0 has the talent 10 carry such ar
through.
In banishing Cavour, Garibaldi disables one Of the
Of Italy. He Is, moreover, creating q great,
public scandal, for he IS exhibiting to the world the
roof of a sad fact-that the two greatest lab0rers
or Italian unity, and the two most prominent Ital-
ans, are unable to act together. lie i showing the
Id Italian weakness working, al her extreme need,
u her two best men. Both men mean the same thing !
nd are endeavoring TO obtain the same object but
'avour recognizes difficulties which have to be avoid :
i or coujured away, while Garibaldi believes e
e can ride down all obstacles sword IN hand. If
hey insist upon separating, our sympathies will 90
1rward with Garibaldi, bur our hopes will halt be-
ind CayoUr. =
What IL to become of the Pope!
IT. D.. - - "a 49,, 800 - ~