The daily exchange. [volume] (Baltimore, Md.) 1858-1861, 1860-02-01
LATER FROM THE PACIFIC.
BY THE OVERLAND MAIL.
rATJEDDNTA

CALlFORNlA.
The U. S. steamship Saginaw, built entirely in
California, was completed, and had entered the
harbor of San Francisco. She will make trial
trip of six days prior to her departure for
China.
Vessels from domestic and Atlantic ports were
arriving freely.
There has been a succession of heavy rains, put
ting stop to city trade and preventing communi
cation to any extent with the interior. The trans
actions for the last few DAYS have been unimpor-
tant. movement in refined Sugars is evident,
and to-day there were BUYERS for all the eastern
stock in the market, at 1l19c. Candles are shade
frmer under the light receipts. No large purcha-
ses have been made.
Provisions of all kinds are dull. In fact all arti-
Giles except those noted, are heavy and unchanged.
THE LATEST BY TELEGRAPH TO GILROY.
SAN FRANCTsCo, Jan. 10-3 o'clock P. M.-The
Gubernatorial inaugural ceremonies at Sacrament
to, yesterday, were grand and imposing. A ball
was given in the evening.
No business was transacted in the Legislature
to-day.
The Senatorial caucus appointed to meet tonight
absorbs all other topics.
Gov. Weler's annual message gives a gratifying
exhibit of the State finances. The treasury re-
cepts during the past year amounted to 81 III 900,
and the expenditures to 100000. The Governor
urges retrenchment and reduced taxation. The
total funded and State debt amounts to 81, $50 000
Funds in the treasury S662, 900.
Business here is trife more animated, but with
out change in rates. $4,000 Knpp's candles, ex-
1allSman, sofa at ZU12c.; crushed sugar 1Ic Wltn-
out buyers. Rio coffee is selling at TIC. Pro-
visions are slow of sale. Nothing doing in coal.
The steamer Golden Age arrived yesterday, with
New York dates to December 90.
BRITISH COLUMBIA.
The dates from British Columbia are to the 9Th
inst The news is unmportant
The Oregon advices to the 31st ult.
The Columbia river still closed by ice.
The news from the mines continued favorable
At Fort Colville times were prosperous money
was plenty, and there was but little snow to i'm
pede the operation of the miners.
The Similkamen mines are represented as richer
than those of California in her palmiest days, and
also as extensive.
Lieut.. Mullen had established his winter quarters
at Fort Owen.
FROM ARIZONA
Advices from Tubec, Arizona, say that the driver
of the overland mail stage brought news, on his
last trip, that the Indians at the Apache pass had
given intimatons for the total determination of the
overland mail line through their country, to be
followed by descent the settlements. The
Indians, since the return of the troops from the
cent campaign, have become more troublesome
than ever.
On the night of the 10th, all the horses
belonging to Capt. Stones commission were stolen.
Eleven horses and mules, belonging to farmers
residing within ten miles of Fort Buchanan, were
also stolen by the same band
From the American Farmer
INSPECTION OF FERTILIzERs.-We observe that Mr.
Watkins, of Howard county, Chairman of the Com
leave to introduce bill for the purpose of detect
ing and Furnishing frauds in the sale of guanoes,
&C., in Baltimore city. The State Chemist in hi
report directs the attention of the Legislature
the Importance of the subject No one, in fact, who
considers the amount OF money expended annually
in the various fertilizers which go out from this
market, the great temptation to Frauds and the ia
cility with which they may be committed will fail
to recognize the necessity of some method of pro-
lection.
The money value of the several fertilizers intro
duced into the Baltimore market for sale during
the past year exceeded the sum OF three million of
dollars Forty thousand tons of Peruvian guano
at $50 per ton 50 400 000 twenty thousand tons of
phosphate guanoes, at an average of $780, $780,
600 more, and the bones, compounds of bones, ami
NAL manures, &C., S400, 900 more perhaps, give us
more than this enormous value, offered to the far
ming community in this market within one year.
That these fertilizers may be adulterated to the ex-
tent of ten per cent. of their value without the de-
lection or even suspicion of fraud, cannot be
doubted. That the facility with which frauds may
be committed and large profits realized, has ten
dency to attract dishonest dealers to the trade is
manifest. That very gross frauds have been de
tected occasionally by accident, is well known But
the laws of the State afford really adequate pro-
lection against them, and so enormous an outlay of
money is made at the mercy of those who, by what
ever means, get some amount of credit for
honest dealing We do not at all design to dseredt
generally the dealers in fertilizers. We are well
aware that there are men of character among them
as reliable in other branches of trade but it is
fact well known to US, that there are those who
Rave pulled and advertised themselves with greatest
diligence and some success, who least worthy
of the confidence they have sought.
The PENNSYLVANIA PUBLIC SCHOOL SYSTEM
We learn from the annual report of the Superin-
tendent of the Common Schools of Pennsylvania
that the public schools OF that State contain 634,-
65l pupils, who taught for the sum of GO cents
month for each pupil, including every expense of
instruction, building expenses, rents and repairs.
The total expenses of the year, including those of
PHILADELPHIA, in lS49, were S2,579,075. The aver
age number of mills on the dollar levied for school
purposes is 5.33, and for building purposes 3.l7.
The establishment of the State Normal School is
expected to operate favoraby upon the school sys-
tenn hereafter, a source of supply of thoroughly
trained teachers, and establishing State stand
ard for their qualifications. 1t has been very sat
isfactoriiy organized at Millersburg, Lancaster
county All the departments and details of the
school, the Superintendent says its comprehensive
course of study its methods of teaching, its facu-
ty and facilities for instruction, the self sustaining
family system of government, the co-educaton of
the sexes, the arrangements for boarding the stu
dents In the institution and other leading features
most OF which are peculiar, received not only the
formal official approval, but warm personal COM
mendation of the distinguished gentlemen who off
ciated as inspectors.
FRENCH EMIGRATION TO NICARAGUA.-It is stated
in letters from Paris that company, composed of
eight or ten of the principal shp-owners of Mar
settles, have bought large tract of land in Mica
ragua, and are about to work mines and establish
commerce in ebony and other woods on the spot
This society also purposes to establish an European
colony in Nicaragua. Two Ships the Julius Caesar
ard the Seine the latter steamer left Marseilles
on the 9Th of December with 100 passengers, prin-
cpally engineers, chemists and workmen of all de-
seriptions. second company is in formation at
marseilles for making railway on the Isthmus of
WAS, tongue of land which separates the lake of
nicaragua from the Pacific. II ~.