, 1860-01-05

til they we're allowed to share in North Ameri-
can fishery and navigation rights, which they
ciaimed In addition to the British markets
which they had secured. But this reciprocityis
not secured in perpetuity, and hence uneasi-
ness, not to say alar U. 1t may suit the special
in the past, to make some other change in her
commercial policy, which may disturb the Reci-
procity treaty, and this contingency is not ever
looked in the chupter Of erentualities. Indeed,
it Is anticipated By Ar. buchanan [Member for
Hamilton, Canada,) mud his friends, and the
remedy Proposed is a Zollsereia between Can
ada aud the United States, Under such COM
pact neither country would levy any customs
ta5es, on their interior frontiers, but only at
the seaports from Labrador to Mexico. where
the same duties would be imposed. This il
what the political party called moderates put
forward as Canadian policy Of patriotism, as
distinguished from cosmopolitan policy, which
OF as Mr. buchanan styles it, u free imports"
i is also pointed out in this programme Of
Zotlverein, that BY making the River St. Law
renee the great highway Of America, free trade
aud navigation with Canada would giTe to the
United ntates, and especially to the Western
States, ali the commercial advantages Of annex
alton.
LII these speculations broad line Of distinc-
ton is drawn between Great Britain aud the
British Empire, the former term excluding, aud
the latter iaclud,ng the colonies aud hence it is
argued that what may suit the one may not suit
the other. This is strongly shown in the pres
ent state Of the timber duties. Colonial timber
but timber Of foreign growth pays duty Of SIS
per load. Thi{diderence is protectiont to canada,
but as 1t is destructive, or ut least highly inuri
ous to our shipownera, especially since the re-
peal Of the navigation laws, it is very certnin
that it cannot be permanently continued, and
as ssoon as it ceases the lumber trade must
suffer. Here, then, is case in which the in.
tercsts Of Great Britain and the British Empire
are no longer in harmony. The principle Of re-
moving tax from raw material applies with as
much force to timber as to cotton, for ship is
as huch a manufacture as textile fabric, and
tilllhat concession be made our mercantile ma
1inc are wronged, andshe advocates offree trade
Canadians fully admit, but at tue same time de-
sire to find another market in the United States
under the Zollrerein to which We have referred;
and this seems very reasonable; but Mr. Buch-
ansn's project-of "decen.ralizing" the manu.
facturinG power Of the empire is quite imprac-
tic4bie. No government can create trade or
markets, though . government may destroy
both. and, certainly we did the latter wAen
America Was colony, and by that insane con-
duet lost its possession. It rests entirely with
ipdisdual capitalists to put their establishments
where they please, but with their Tree will
neither the Parliament nor the Executive have
any right to interfere. Therefore, government
caunot decentralize the manufacturing system.
If men choose to retire from the competition Of
Lancashire aud Yorkshire, they are at liberty
to DO SO, in pursuit Of what they NAV deem
their own interests, but this must be their own
voluntary act. Mr. Buchanan, however, throws
ont n bait, alluriug, indeed, to some Of the least
successful OF our own people, provided the Zoll-
vere elp system were secured. England, he con-
IL &nS.- kuuI - Il. -
United States, simply because we could crush
them By our superior capital and skill; but il
an Euglishman established himself as mauu-
facturer In Canada, then he would, by virtue Of
the commercial league, enter the American
market without payment Of the 25 per ceut.
now charged on British goods.
r. Though the direct interest Of the subject re-
iates to Canada, it is easily seen that it is more
comprehensive, drawing its importance from the
principle OF free trade, which in pructice is us
yettonIy in state Of transition, its application
up to this date being.no more than exceptional.
Wien the change was first introduced by Sir
Robert Peel, who, indeed, ouly extended the
plans Of Mr. Huskisaon, distinction was drawn
between duties for monopoly and duties fur rev.
introduced, but experience has shown that that
distinction was more plausible than real, aud
the case of the shipowners is in point. chan-
cel1ors Of the E1chequeF may be very reluctant
to surrender the duties on timber, but the mer-
camille marine demand their remission in the
name OF justice, which ought ever to over
rule e1ped1encr. we now also perceive
The West Indies hare long complained Of
being DO better treated than Cuba, aud from
that controversy branched out the dispute b.
twef free and slave lahor. 1t is cviden. that
CeIsoa, aIe "h aa, ~ 80 snu "note ~ :
= 'us;. t.n :: jna.sa,. ~ =: ~ -
.neF rsn;ra = sna ,1,a, ;har - ~ 70
noi;t;c,1 hut a cpnmcrc;n1 ;ncornorot;on 'r;t1 J.
1ha I1n;tad S1ates will n view to shut nnt +l,a
nroduca Of Europe by extending heavy custom
duties. They 70 the length Of denyina that free
trads a~;s,S hSt ;nstaad If II orl,. no ,art;,i
nrees Themselves on thc ImperiaI I.rs;s1atnrc
Ind thev must he solved. not eradpd. II IA no.,
our s;nrss to reconcie such difticn|ties Int Il
i nsr dutr to sound note OF warning.
Correspondence Between Branch aud
Grow.
tFrou the n. \. Hesald]
S1n:-Will you please name time aud place,
outside the District of Columbia. ut which yon
will receive from ms a communication In writ.
inr. Very respectfully.
i. ORB. HRAScn.
Hon. GAtrsua i. Gnoy.
~ .ns Ky -. W. W;as'o' Io' r. ,lasa ~ an I'll
~ ae,.h;ch s1.;" = 80 msss ., "otus'
a s u.s. n.y. M H. W,one to1 W. ssar a ,h
"a ~ uae ~ ~. ntao ha' A ad' Ms ELY a''Ss tne
so.qut pss"sSu ~ aai; ~ ~. G.om ~ Up
tractius undne attention until me-. s Mp Gra,s ar
-, ~ Eor;tn1 ~ Eide ~1'A "4' WV"
" '1e eap''o'' Oh rf'psy; !. IL. x,x.n
During Friday evening l received from Nr.
UT0W, 1hronGh the Hon. Il. T.. tent0n, OF New