davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Tipton advertiser. [volume] (Tipton, Cedar Co., Iowa) 1856-1962, 1860-07-05
AMERICAN AND EOREIGN
sTEREOSCOPIC EMPORIUM.
z. ANTHONY, L-~ H.
3OS Broad way. New York.


3OS Broad way, New York.
after Nay LIST, 1860, at sol BROAD
WAY, tuo doors from the st. Nsch-
olas Hotel -.
The Stereoscope Is the most iRstrueOe, interestng,
tions. None young, too ed, none too in
tegeRt too nncdueated to acknowledge its worth
and beauty No home is complete without 1t, and II
your view every part Of the world, in al the relief Se1d
ness, Psrspeetrs, and sharpness 81 detail, as you
ploring Europe, Asia, Africa America, in search Of the
grand and the beautiful, and he result. :. tAe'r sk'H
variety Of paper Views Of Scenes Paris London
England, Scotland, ireland. Wales, France, Belgium,
Holland Switzerland Spain, The Rhine wsrsal r, 81,
Athens, the Holy Land, China, india Crystal Palace,
also groups historical sing marriage
assortment Of Illuminated Interiors of Palaces,
Churches, and Cathedrals of France, ltap, &C., &C.
The effect of these illuminated views most remarkable
Every gentleman of wealth and refined taste should
have in his drawing some of equiste views on
glass, with revolving stereoscope showing T. 25 SO
or 100 scenes Nothing can be more fascinating and
one offer no greater treat friend on ofthe pic
turesque and the beautiful.
9nthony's Instantaneous Stereoscope Views are the
latest Photographic wonder. They taken in the for
tieth part of second, and everything matter how
rapidly it may be moving, is depicted as sharply and
distinctly if it had been perfectly at rest. This gives
additional value for to the beauties of inanimate
ture adds the charm of life and motion The process
Is discovery oI our own. ana ielhS unknown IN
ropc Give from London and Paris large orders for
Anthony's instantaneous Views of American life and
scenery. Among other things have just published
Sereoscopc illustrations Of the Scene of the Fulton
STREET PRAYER MEETING, in which many hearts feel
interest The particulars of this will be found in
our catalogue. ..s.-. ....... .-.afs
Our Catalogue of subjects and prices will be forwarded
to address receipt Of stamp Parties ut dis
lance sending us %, S. 10, IS, 20, or s25 have
good and such pictures they request,
sent by Express. Views alone, without Instrument
be sent by mail Parties who wish to be advised of
everything really valuable in the line that out,
may send their names to place record and will
keep them posted at our own expense. : sd
Men of leisure will find Photography most fascinat
ing and delightful amusement We prepared to fit
out amateurs with everything necessary for their
cess together with instructions "ow to take Stereo-
SCOPE Pictures" E. ANTHONY,
Importer and Manufacturer Of Photographic Marte-
rails, Stereoscopes and Stereoscopic Views.
IL r Merchants from every section of the country
respectfully invited TO make an examination Of our
stock, discount to the trade will be liberal
TO PHeTOGRAPHERS.-First class stereoscopic
Negatives wanted. Send by mail print unmounted,
with price of Negative.
Cut this out for future reference no1m4
The Tipton advertiser. [volume] (Tipton, Cedar Co., Iowa) 1856-1962, 1860-07-05
Testimonials Of the Horace Waters Pianos
and MelOdeOnS

1.-THE Piano came to hand in first order. 1t is
beautiful instrument and no mistake."-Lee Il Walker,
Philadelphia. Pa.
John Hewitt. of Carthage, New York, who has had
of the Horace Waters Pianos. writes as follows
"A friend Of mine wishes me to purchase piano for
her. She likes the you sold me in December. 1856
My !nn is hecomine popular in this place, and ink
! can introduce or two more; they will be more
popular than any othe. make
lnay Of which has been severely tested io three
years and testify to their good quality and du-
ortgsry' ne"1 cqsro H.
your Piano fortes for two years past, have found in
very superior instrument. ALoNzo Cray,
Principal Broo iiyn Heights seminary,
THE Piano received from you continues to ri We sat
sfaetion regard it Of the best instruments in
the place ''-.James l.. CLARKE, cAarteston. Pa.
1.-The Melodcon has safely arrived. feel Obliged to
you for your liberal dscount-wiil do all can for you
in these arts''Reo j. Nc Cormict, Yargesriils,SC.
The Piano vas duly received. II came in excellent
condition, and is very much admired by my numerous
family Accept my thanks for your promptn.ssn-
h. .y, cgsper, Warrenham, Bra9tord county, Pa.
County.'-1Aemas n. Latham, Cambeltoa. Ga.
We are very much obliged to you for having sent
such fine instrument for $3.50. and shall pains
to recommend il. ''-Biaak, Held d Co., Buffalo DEM
The Horace Waters Pianos are known as among the
very best We enabled to speak of these instruments
WIN confidence, from personal knowledge of their ex
eebsnt tone and durable quaty.''-F. Y. EcaaPeiisf
We can speak Of the merits Of the Horace Waters
Plane, from personal knowledge being of the yerv
best quality. '-CArisfiaa Inteittgeneer.
Nothing at the State Fair displayed greater excel
enee in any department than the Horace Waters Pi-
amos. '-Churckman.
THE Horace Watere Pianos built of the bes, and
most thoroughly seasoned material. Wehaye no doubt
can do as WE'LL perhaps better. this than
It any other house In the Union '.4drocat & yourI
waters Pianos and Melodeons challenge ccn,Day-
oh with the finest made anywhere in the co1ntr, -
Tome Journal.
Horace Waters Piano-Fortes are Of full rich and
wen tone and Powerful. "feN Tork Musical Rcrie,
'Onr friends will find at Mr.. aters' store tho ,e,y
est assortment Of Pianos be found in the United
tates and We urge southern and western frfends
give him a call whenever they 10 to New York -
IraAam's Magazine.
HaferoOms 333 broadway, New York.
The Tipton advertiser. [volume] (Tipton, Cedar Co., Iowa) 1856-1962, 1860-07-05

Which they ate determined to sell as cheap a.
can be purchased anywhere in the citr for ASH.
Our motto Is "QuIck Sales and small Profits
attended to; as much SO as If the purchaser WAS
present.
Mr.. Hoch having b en- engaged III the Lumber
business for the last nine years in this CITY fat
tiers himself that he will be able to render com
plete satisfaction TO customers. Give us a call
before purchasing elsewhere.
Muscatine, Iowa, April lst 1860
The Tipton advertiser. [volume] (Tipton, Cedar Co., Iowa) 1856-1962, 1860-07-05

neA- Mr.. Derrick Adams, who lcf,
Iowa last fall, and is now engaged on
some railroad in Arkansas, was obliged to
send back for vouchers that he was
sound on the goose, and a reliable disci-
pie OF the slavery Democracy, before he
couia DC trusted in that community.
The Tipton advertiser. [volume] (Tipton, Cedar Co., Iowa) 1856-1962, 1860-07-05

SO- Why don't you come after cold
vlctuals as usual - said lady to a bow
who had for long time been daily Wis
ltor for that species Of charity.
Father has joined the Temperance
Society, and We have warm vic,uals now"
was the reply
The Tipton advertiser. [volume] (Tipton, Cedar Co., Iowa) 1856-1962, 1860-07-05

"a There is very strong probabili-
y that the Democratic party will soon
have four wings 1t has two already :.
and two others seem sprouting from it.
rump. What queer fowl it will be -
Lou Journal.
The Tipton advertiser. [volume] (Tipton, Cedar Co., Iowa) 1856-1962, 1860-07-05

10- We beg the Democratic papers
70 give US now few elaborate articles
upon their fayori,e position that the
democratic party is the only national
party in the coun,ry.-Lou .i.u.o,5
The Tipton advertiser. [volume] (Tipton, Cedar Co., Iowa) 1856-1962, 1860-07-05

CAUSE AND EFrEcr.-"Whv. Hans
you nave the most feminine cast of coun-
tenance | have ever seen" ooh, yaw. +"
replied Hans, Il know de reason for dat
my mother vas voomans."
The Tipton advertiser. [volume] (Tipton, Cedar Co., Iowa) 1856-1962, 1860-07-05
BlacksDllitl,ing.

he subscriber is on hand at his old stand
4 ready to do all kinds of Blacksmiihiny " III
hea.hess and dispatch. Having ,oncmded that
in IS uot r'ch enough to lose few hundred dol.
sar sea.S u Pa debts he will not trust any one
-. 20 S",A' An having unsettled accounts are no.
uhed that they MUST call and settle
Oct. ga, 1859.
The Tipton advertiser. [volume] (Tipton, Cedar Co., Iowa) 1856-1962, 1860-07-05
SHEET MUSIC. from all the publish
sabbath School Books Published by this
iIOuSe.

The Anniversary and Sunday School Music Book, No.
J. contains % tunes and hymns; Price cents each,
dollars per hundred. The Anniversary and Sunday
School Music Book, No contains SO and
price cents each. dol. per hundred. The Annver-
sary and sunday School Music Book, No. B. contains
so tuncsacd hymns; price cents each dol, per humid
The Anniversary and Sunday School Music Book. No,
is now ready; contains 40 tunes and hy INNS; price
cents each, doll. per hundred. The Anniv ersary
and sunday hool Music Book, combining Nos. and
with several additional pieces, contains IS times and
hymns price cents each, dolls. per hundred. The
Revival Penny Music Book, Nos ! and 2 No. ] con-
tains Is tunes and hymns price cent; No. contains
81 tunes and hymns; price cents each, dolls per 1907
postage one cent each. The Sabbath School Bell con-
tains Isl tunes and hymns; price 70 EACH dolls
per hundred postage two cents each; elegantly bound
90 cents each, Is dollars per hundred. Con nal
singingan eight page tractprice IS per dozen Is
dollars per hundred.
The Tipton advertiser. [volume] (Tipton, Cedar Co., Iowa) 1856-1962, 1860-07-05
+ q X - Al e.
1860. Summer Arrangements. 1860
Is % M -. -,
Mississippi and Missouri r. I

L. % .:; 1870.
Mississippi and Missouri r. T.
On and after Monday, April 9th, 1860 and
~ until further notice. trains will leave uav-
port for Muscatine Iowa City, and Columbus City
Sundays eXceptedy az follows:
lst Express train at 200 4. N.
Trains leave Iowa City as follows:
lst Express Train at 2.45 p, NJ,
Mail train leave Washington at 900 p NJ
Leave Wilton junction, for Muscatne:
lst Mail train at $40 A. NJ
Sd Express Train at 5:G0p. NJ
Leave Musoatine for Junction:
LIST Mail train at $500 \. NJ.
I'd Express train at 4:G0p NJ
Leave Junction for Iowa City:
lst Express train at g:lO A. NJ
Trains leave Davenport for Chicago at 9.35
A, NJ. and G.35 z. NJ.
Passengers going west make direct connections
with the Western Stage Co.'S stages for all points
west
The morning train going cast connec It's, at CHI
CAGo JUNCTION, with the Michigan Southern af
tefhoon tram; passengers thereby save all dclay
Connections made at Muscatne with the regular
packets for Burlington, keokHk, st. Louis. &c.
Passengers gong east make direct connections
at Rock island 18th the Chicago and Rock Island
X. X. trains, for all points east ssuth and NORTH
Also with the Galena, Dubuque and St. Paul pack.
cts at Davenport.
Passengers reminded OF the necessity of
giving distinct directions as to the destination
of their baggage. Also to procure tickets before
taking their seats in the cars.
April LIST, ls60. }. r. TRACY, Sup't
The Tipton advertiser. [volume] (Tipton, Cedar Co., Iowa) 1856-1962, 1860-07-05
IRVING HOUSE.

D1 c. G. MATHIS. Corner of Fourth and
ID Mulberry Streets, fronting the Court House
Square. MCsCATINE, Iowa. This House las re.
Gently been rettted and furn ished and no pains
will be spared that VIII add to the comfort and
accommodates Of guests. Terms very rcasona-
Gc. toua sotnniing III vvuucCuUu WIN The
House.
April lst, ls60-3m
The Tipton advertiser. [volume] (Tipton, Cedar Co., Iowa) 1856-1962, 1860-07-05

INok sALE!-l Mare. Buggy and Harness: |
i one hors2 Spring N9gpD; Cutter
Nay - JAMES MlER
The Tipton advertiser. [volume] (Tipton, Cedar Co., Iowa) 1856-1962, 1860-07-05
TO IIOUSEKEEPERS.
q OMETHlNG NEW-B. 7. BABBITT'S BE
y MEDICINAL SALERAIUS

TO HOj SEX EEPERS.
= OMETHING NEW-B T. BABBITT'S BES1
- MEDICINAL SALERAIUS
Is manufactured from common salt, and
NJ. is prepared entirely different from other =.
Ol Saeratus All the deleterous matter Il 4
tracted in such manner to produce
Bread Biscuit, and all kinds of Cake, with
out containing particle Of Sacratus when
the Bread or Cake is baked thereby pro-
on duclng wholesome results. Every particle N 4
O(D of Saeratus is turned gas and passes III
through the bread and biscuit while baking,
consequently nothing remains hut common
Salt. Water and Flour. You will readily
perceive, by the taste of this Saeratus that
40 it is entirely different from other Saleratus ,f
% 1t is packed in one pound papers. each DC
wrapper branded, 'B I. Batbitts Best Med
iciral saleratus;' also, picture twisted loaf
OF bread, with glass of etTervesCjug wafer
on the top When you purchase paper
IN you should preserve the wrapper, and be ~o
~ particular to get the next exactly like the 1
hrst-brand as above.
Full directions for making Bread nth this
saleratus and Sour Milk Cream Tartar,
VIII accompany each package; also. direC-
AsN tions for making all kinds of Pastry; slso, ~.
~ for making Soda Water and Seidiitz Powders. 1
MAKE YOUR OWN SOAP with b. T. Dab
BITT'S PURE conc ENTRATEDP POTASH
Warranted double the strength Of ordinary
o Potash. put up in cans--l h., > his. 3 lbs.
q IBIS, and ~ lhs.-with full directions for u
making Hard and Soft soap. Consumers
will find thir the cheapest article in market.
Manufactured and for sale by
Il. r. BABBiTT.
- "a, TT, Gs. 10, - q ~ Washington ST., =
sf NEW YORK, ~
and No. b India ST., Boston.
nxii:vii: Iy
The Tipton advertiser. [volume] (Tipton, Cedar Co., Iowa) 1856-1962, 1860-07-05

7"EI RE tfIEESE---h prime lot on hand q
f.. n II rlIUIs
The Tipton advertiser. [volume] (Tipton, Cedar Co., Iowa) 1856-1962, 1860-07-05

EMEks IN Patent Sugar Cane Crusher, which shaal.
'''' 'aIds OF every Farmer.
FOR al" ~ JAS. & C..A. NFFR
The Tipton advertiser. [volume] (Tipton, Cedar Co., Iowa) 1856-1962, 1860-07-05
RI. A STE RING.
SAVING AND GRINDING.

A Ii. THOSE in want OF either OF the above
~ can he accommodated by calling on the un.
dersigned at the Forest Mills, date Parks Full,
wider's,) where it can be had on short notice; and
those from distance may depend on getting
their grinding with them ON Tuesdays and Fri
days
Our. Corn Meal and feed of all kinds, on hand
or furnished to order
June 18th, 1859. J. & w. SHEARER.
The Tipton advertiser. [volume] (Tipton, Cedar Co., Iowa) 1856-1962, 1860-07-05
ALL KINDS OF BLANK BOOKS

Manufactured to order in the best style. Books
and Magazines bound in any style desired.
Satisfaction il guaranteed to all who may try
us.
5. S. DANIELS, will act az our agent for Cedar
county, to whom application tor work NAV be
made. RAYMOND, EYSTRA & co.
Mcsca,iAe, June 18TH ls59-e.25tf
The Tipton advertiser. [volume] (Tipton, Cedar Co., Iowa) 1856-1962, 1860-07-05
{ ANToNIO vERCIA, u
Barber and Hafr.Dresser,

N AS opened BARBER SHOP in Upton. and is now
IL prepared to shave, Cut and Dress Hair, shampoo,
&c. From long experience he feels confident OF giving
satisfaction. Give him a caiI-frst door west OF the
Union Hotel. -
N.B.-He is also prepared to do WHITEWASHfNG
in the most approved ma mar. lnl5v'I
OR SALE-i Atkins selfRaking Rearer,
very low for cash. JAS Ny Elk.
The Tipton advertiser. [volume] (Tipton, Cedar Co., Iowa) 1856-1962, 1860-07-05
HENRY Rlx.UEJrp.

HENRY R1x3Rklp.
Il JEW ELER, NILTok Mus.
w eatine Co., Iowa. Watches Clocks and
Jewelry carefully repaired and warranted. Ia "
FOR y ALE.
4 LARGE NUMBER of desirable LOTS three
\ Dwelling Houses, and Span of Horses
Enquire OF J. Ii. STARR
Upton, March &c, If.
The Tipton advertiser. [volume] (Tipton, Cedar Co., Iowa) 1856-1962, 1860-07-05
New and Popular Vocal Music.

lind WORDS" .sThe Angels told me 80 >, .s(;nrs
of Rosael.f .'Wilds of the West - give me back
my Mountain Home,n Thoughts Of God. 81 with
thee still, Wake Lady, Wake Pm leaving thee in
sorrow, Annie, Ever Of Thee and s.Old Nassau"
as sung by the students Of Princeton College Prize
cents each.
New and Popular Instrumental -. Palace
Garden Polka" fignette "Empre or Reiches Quad.
new dance, price 40 cents each "Piccolomn
Swinging sehatt.c - Thomas Bakee scho,.
tsch all with vignettes. .New Hibernian Quadriles
% cents each. Csinoline altz," .DanyilIe Mazur-
ka,' ARABIAN War Cry March, ..Reading Polls.
very last Vorsoyian, Weimor Polka. and Almira Polka
Mazurka: price o5 cts each. HORACE WATERS,
May 80, 1851 No. 333 Broadway, New York
The Tipton advertiser. [volume] (Tipton, Cedar Co., Iowa) 1856-1962, 1860-07-05
BOOK BINDING.

ENkkz THE Subscribers having received
HD their new ruling machine and a
aAsak&J large stock Of binding material. are
prepared to do all kinds OF work in their line in
fha hos -
The Tipton advertiser. [volume] (Tipton, Cedar Co., Iowa) 1856-1962, 1860-07-05
so Miles West of the Mississippi


OK AND AFTER MONDAY, Nov. %. 1858
follows:
TRAINS WESTWARD.
FXrREss TRAIN
Leave Chicago, Wells st. Depot lilo Pm.
Leave Clinton, S.ij A. NJ
Arrive at Cedar Rapids, l2.3DrM
ACCoMMODATIoN TRAM
Leave Clinton, 10 IOAM
Arrive at Cedar Rapids, 4lGrM
TRAINS EASTWARD.
EXP. TRAl>-Ieave Cedar Rapids 200 p ~
Arrive al Clinton, cl5ra
Arrive AT chicago. 400 AN.
ACC'D. TNAfr-Leaye Cedar Rapids, 3l0aM
Arrive at Clinton, SO p. Il.
At Dew lit with stages for Davenport, Maqnoke
ia and Amamuso.
At Yankee Run. with stages for Toronto, Tin
ton, Meehanicsyille, Mt. Vernon aud Cedar Ray
ids.
Freight trains leave daily.
The shortest cheapest and most eSuediti0L
route from ccatral Iowa to Chicago or any lroiI
/ east.
E-f'~ An agent will be at the depot in Fulton /.
receive all baggage for Clinton or the Road. which
will lie conveyed across the river free Of cIars.
Freight Trains leave daily.
NJ. SMITH Eng. and superintendent.
NJ. HAM, General frt and ticket gent
The Tipton advertiser. [volume] (Tipton, Cedar Co., Iowa) 1856-1962, 1860-07-05

2G'-nratts, with orders for Machines, NAV be
forwarded by Express or Mail
, 1860-08-14

We hare already given to our readers GONE
Of the particulars u the case OF hottldxe sgs.
I'riuce, which was recently tried in London,
and we now have to record its decision. The
merits Of the case are simply these. Que Mr.
PRINCE, an Epgish Clergy man who was deprived
tf bis license py bis bishop. became the leader
Of new sect, pretending himself to be. as he
expressed it, "the Tabernacle Of God upon
carlh." lie opened 4 sort eli conventual estab-
iishment. called the "Agaptmone,' and among
the residents at this place and the converts to
his theary was one Louisn Jore Nott1dge, who,
il 1913, transferred to Mr. Prince the sum Of
ej7sS g.. Cd, in three per cent annuities She
died IN 1855, and her brother Instituted sult
to regain lrr :'ronerty.
The plain. i'll aiaed that Miss Sottidge had
made this ,ranser oil her property while II
LeranacJ state Of mind, caused By the influence
Prince exerted over her, bY the character which
lie hail described in his CROSS examination,
when he said that 81 Gnd Rad developed through
HIM His counsel aud purpose, which had be
nude ksown to Others" The Vice Chancellor
touk this view OF the case, Gud decided that he
transfer OF tile stock *hi nld be declared void,
and the defendant ordered to transfer the stock,
together with the dlyinends since the death OF
Miss Nottidte. to the pliint'tf, and that 'he de-
fendant must also pay tile costs OF the suit.
The peculiar interest arising from this decl-
sion is ito distinction between religious beliefs
and insanity. 1t is a very difficult thing to de-
eide when person is insane, aud Princes cona-
rel maintained that Misa So!,idge disposed Of
her property with her Gwu tIec Will Hpd con-
sent while III s;aie Of ptr!ect sanity, an.l that
The Aealemore wa therefore as fai1iT entitled
10 1t as uny religious corporation is to the gifts
or bequc:,s given it By charitable persons.
Public ii cling in England, however, SIDED NTH
the Vice Chancellor, and his decision, was Ie-
ceired with cheers by ttose in court, who
looked upon Prince as q dangerous and wily
iupostcr. ~, !. Ere. Fest.
, 1860-08-14

i gentleman Of tfIe Second District Of this
city was IN board Of the Inflated steamer
Arctic, when she got lost on the 27th O! SEP
tssnber, 1854. The sad news reached here that
he vas among the missing. and cast gloom ia
bis household, for he had aniy-a young
aud pretty wife, and child. lie WAS well 10
DO in the world, nrd lett property sufficient for
their maiutcuaaee. The young ~id"w mourn
cd her los. husbAn! sincerely. doubtless, bu:
sorrow is not everlasting. a:d US tue lung years
rolled past, the mourning weeds disappeared,
tile roses on her cheeks bloomed again, and
smiles played on her rosy lips. She was young
and prrlty, a3d Suiturs wt1e Eot wanting. She
u1nEr'ed again.
Several years cf quiet bliss have passed siEce
the day she touk u new companion in life, ar d
uow, suddenly, the electro spark Of the te1e.
graph Us ing with tic speed u lightning, has
struck The .dlce Of h.r happiness; struck at
is base 50 US 10 make It tot;tr aud csumbls.
Il dispatch trom the . I}ize, re ceiyed estcrdaT,
announced the arrival Of tie long los! first
husband. Cliu2ing to some piece Of the
wrtck, he had q ,ated II distant shores, where
Tor six long years he live1 With the hope Of
mte1iug once more the beloved ones he had left
a. home, but unable to ind humeward bound
vessel.
We hope to tbtEin sumo particulars concern
ins lis Craeoe life. aud Of tLe many hnrdshipa
be must Lare tuH-rtd-ail cf utich dw.ndle
into me,e noihiuIutss at the thought Of tho
dis .ppolntncut that awaits him on his arrival
home. The feelings Of The twice welded wii.s
may be better imagined than described-N. O.
Iicdgune, tn.
, 1860-08-14

Ne* Ork correspondent says:
l had a bali. hours chat las: evening with Mr..
Paul Aorphy. and quite naturally alluded to
the reports in cirtn alton Of his proposed visit
to, md future residence in, Paris. - He assures
rae tha. there never vas the slightest fouDda-
tim for the rumor, and that be has at no time
entertained s-rious thoughts Of abandoning bis
residence in The United States. He proposes
10 spend sereca! weeks at Saratoga, whithe. he
goes on Saturday; thehce to Newport, where
be will remain some time l,nger; from New.
port be will reuFn TO New York, ind re 2u!ate
his furthur movements according to circuu-
stances. It is little singular that one 10 foud
OF chess. and its grea:est living master. as Mr.
Morphy is, should not have p!u5cd more than
halt dcz.n games during the last year; yet
such. be informs me-, is the fact / asked him
If lack OF practice made an5 dilererce in his
play: His reply wa., not in the least, and that
he cuuld probably play as strong q game at that
moment as he ever p]nyed in his lie It may
be some Satisfaction TO chess.plsyers to know
that the statements now mike iu reference to
lis learing the country arc On his authority and
request.