Union County star and Lewisburg chronicle. [volume] (Lewisburg, Pa.) 1859-1864, 1860-12-08

Cen,-. American routes against sudden and Iswles
outbreaks and depredaons and also TO Profee! Aeri
merchant; vesses :heir and oarEoe=, again
violent and unlawful feizlres and oonasesOn / II,
Of Mexico aud the South American republics wtei
On 1t Is my settled conviction that without such
power do AFFORD that protection 70 those
in the commerce Of the country hieh they have rGh
TO dema d
tIxcrloS oy nExBsRs OF coSGRiss
again recommend to Congress the passage Of a Ia .
in Of the provisions Of the Constitution sp
po.nung day certain previous to the 4,h tf March in
each year 81 odd Dumber for the election Of repre-
sentatves throughout all the States. similar power
has already been exercised with general aPprobaton
the appointment OF t1e day throughout the Union
for holding the e1ctoa OF electors for President a d
Vice President Of the United states. Ny aiteutOn
earnestly directed this subject from the that the
Ssth Congres sie on the 81 Of March 1889 with
out making the n-ce-ary appropriation for tie
Of Tie Pos; ONE Department vas then force! 10
slier the best reuleiy for thi. oisso aai inuC
cile call Of the pr-sr. the natural resort
Upon eTqWTy, however asoertAued that fifteen out OF
the thirty three States npo-ns the CUnfeteracy
without representatives. and that, consequently these
fifteen States would be dsf ss-bisei by ,lth call
These fifteen states will be the condition tie
9Th OF March next Ten OF them elect represents
uves according 10 existing state avs until die; pc
RODS extending from the beginning Of August nex, u.i
the months Of october ani N0vem- er.
In my las, message gave warning that in a time Of
sudden and alarming danger the salvation our ust-
ous might depend udon th- pOseI Of tbs President I'm
media:ely 10 assemble full Cong 10 the eulcr
,escy.
TARiyP.
1t quite evident that the hnau, Il Necessities of
the Government VIII require uOcidcAoa Of the Ia rir
during present ses-iOn for the purpose ncreas-
iug IL this aspect desire to rei,ersta th,
reoomme nda'i1n contained In my last annual mes
III favor ofimpos specne nsteai Of ya0rem
duties ali import mt arsCes u which these eau be
properly apple From ong observation and experience
am convinced that specdc duties Necessary both
protect the revenue and secure our mAnuf.cturt
that amount u incidental which
unayuiiabiy results from a revenue tariff
As all abstract propoluon Il NAY be admitted that AT
y.Orem tu'lcs would IN :heory, be the mls lust and
equal But the experience OF this and al other CONNER
cal nations has demonstrated thai such duties canpo be
assessed and collected without great frauds upon the
venue, t1en Is tie part si vidom to resort To -fec
dates. Indeed from the very n4iure al al y.orer
tgty, this must be IL. result Under i the inevitable
e eqaeuce IL, that iUresu goods will be entered 1t
ih.a tneI. true value. IDe treasury Will therefore fase
tie duty the difference between Il slr real md
,,o-ls value and to ;his extent are drfraudef
lh- tenp5u1us Which al vslorem duties Ir-.-u; L.
t-lonss luport-r Irresistible His OF ct : L. MS
Hs COOS through tbs custom house At tic very s<..
vllu4ton eces ary T. slys them from laldsfata H.
tits he too Oeh sracseis II spite O. TIC y.au u -
Tie revenue oiicers Hence ths alse .nvra=
Tor tie purchaser and 4nsther FOR the custom hog.
a4i - other eIpecents 10 defraaf The Government :
TIE honest raj ort.r produces his ce 70 the collect,
statiag tie soiUa prce At which be pure has4 the
tI-ies abroad. N0i the c-hCuesi mp.r,er srft ~
AGENT q: tao Orts manufacture And here II nav bs
ctserye; iEli very large prulo ton oi the rAulf.
tore. lnpHrted from abroad sueI f,r al. 4,
eomm.ss Ua merchants who are mere eut ergu'5y,s
b. the manu- scturcrs. IN such cases % h,s
ben made Is TX their value IAe Or - nlanul.curer
ibe be dishonest prepare Invoice % the r,od. No.
altheir actual va but al The very 1wr-t raf n.
s4ry escape detection. 10 tbs ler The i.ones1 ~
potter and the iOrcisn manutaeiLrtr ioy decided -
yAIt4g. over tie hOuest merchant The. thls e,,kTt
10 uni-rssi the far trader auG drive him fr11 Il -,
h. In IA t tie oreratioH u tbs =ytera Ia. .r-v
driven from Ihe pursuits OF kouOraJe commerce may
LiI ASS Of regular aud oonsc-utJl. metcba1t. yb.
etIrAfter Throughout the w1rli, the prii. Of our
country.
The remedy for these evil. u TO b, found N s- =.
duies far The may be practicable they tisrep.s
VA any inquiry al the custom houae into the acu,l
c ct " valae OF he article and 1 pay. tie ur.~'s.
amount or duty prev olsly fNei by law Thry ure,,r
nc temptations 10 the appra OF foreIyp goods ~
receive but I'm IL saare5 and GIT by 4adtrvsus,o
IL few cases, render themselves ndepsud,nt
Besides, spsci1c dnies besi conform 70 the reql.on
IN lie Constitution that mo pref renee shall b. w IN
any equation Of mmerce or revenue 10 Ii. n,-,s "a
one - te over those u anohsr' Uudtr our ad r1gr
system sneh pre;ereHces 10 extent iasytsble
am com nave o:ie1 been mAce that the sp oi
tbs provision has been violated by loRe- appr s.la1t
OF he same articles al one port than at a3Cthe-
An npre- s4ou strangely enough prevails 10 some ex
tent that toe specific duties necessarily pryt.ti
ties. Nothing can be NOR. f.llrEas Gra,, a.,
sio-es IN Tres trade. and yet her Who'll. revenue from
imp rts : at tle pre- ent moment collected under ~
ten o. -pecilc duties 1t striking In this con
ne uon tt' 10 Tue trhty = the I'd Of Jan
nary lo6o between France and In and one Il the ar
tcl-= provides that the Gd rIoTs dutcs which it ipo
ses sIai be Converted INTO speCh duties thin ,ix
months om IL date, and these be ascraiued sV
max an average OF de prices FOR mouths pr.vJ
10 that tune. The reverse Of the proposition would be
nearer 10 the truth, because much larger GmoErt @:
revenue wonid be collected by merely converting the al
rlores tniie- Of atrn ltO equivalent spScdc duties
Ie this extent the revenue would he increased aud L. ,
proi ortOn the specif; dutes ght be d. .r!ialstef
Specific duties would secure 10 the American uaulfsr
turer the incidental prOciCu which he j. fairly en-
utet under revenue tarf, and ii surely DO per
sou would OBJECT lie trainers Oi the existing t4r have
gone further and In liberal sDrii have ci.-rm mattel
favor Of large and useful brauches Of our uapufc
lures not ty rasng the rate Of duty upon 'mporta
iion oi similar articles from abroad but whsts the same
in eject by admitting articles free Of :Lty which nar
INTO the composition OF their fabrics
Under the preseu; - ysiem It has been often truly
marked that hs iucldeutal protection deere. hen
the man IA turer nests most and Increases whes he
needs ii least and constitutes 81 ding scale which Al
ways operates agsln him. The reyepuas o. the coqu
Try are subject 10 similar I1caCn IRstest Of srrroaeh
ing steady siaudard, would be the case under .ys
ten of specific duties, they ami rise Nh the -ukp
aid rising prices Of articles IN foreign cuntrie, Il
would not be difficult for Congre to arrange system
specific duties which would Afford additional stab iiv
botn to our revenue and cur Manufactures and without
INJURY or injustice to any interest Of the cOubt-y this
night be accomplished by aeertanng the average va ne
Of any gwen arucle for OF years at the place OF
eIportaiion, and by simply Converting he rave OF qd ID
loren duty upon wbcn might be deemed nece ssary for
revenue purposes into the form OF spec dc cuir such
an arrangement could not ipgre the consumer II he
should pay greater amount Of duty year h. would
be counterbaanced by lesser amount ihe next ami la
the end the aggregate would be the same
desire 10 call your immediate ateuti0n TO the urcsent
condition Of the treasury ably clearly presented
by The Secretary in b.. report 70 Congress and 10 re-
commend that measures be promptly adopted TO enable
TO discharge its pressing obhgaiions The other re
commentators Of the report are well worthy Of yoar
favorable consideration.
here~ith ansInit to Congress the r.uorts of tho g
cretares OF War OF the Navy the and OF IN.
Postmaster General The Recommendations and sugv.s
tons which they contain highly valuable and desrv
yeur careful attention.
The report Of the POstrna Geueral detail. the cir
cuinstances under which Cornelius Vanderbilt on my
request agreed IN the month OF July last 10 carry Tie
ocean mails between cur Atlantic AID Pacific coasts
Had he not thus acted thi important nterco-uDuni.a
ton must have been suspended at Iea, for se.sn, =
lhe Postmaster General had power 10 make him aay
oher compensation than the po.ages on the mai mater
which he might carry Il twas known at the time ina,
these posa2es would fall far short Of an sde1u,ta
pensaton as well as OF the sum which the sam. serv.a
had previously cost the Government Mr. yant-rsit
II 4 conmendAbe spirit was willing To reIy upou he
justice Of Congress 10 make up the detciency ana
therefore, recommend tbat Al appropriation NAV be
granted for this purpose.
should do great injustice to the Attorney Ciaper.
We're 70 omit the mention OF his distinguished services
IN the measures sdoped land prosecuted sy him for the
teience OF the Government against numerous and un
FUNDED claims to land in California purport IN h.v-
tssn made by the Mexican government previous u the
treaty OF eession The ecessa OPPOSITION TO these
CLAIMS has saved to the United stato public rroperty
rorth many millions Of dollars and individual. hold
ing utie under them st least equal amount,
IL mas been represented to me- from sources which I
deem reliable that the inhabitants in seyers portions
on account Of the almost total failure Of their cron,
whist the harsests in every other portion Of the
have BEEN abundant The prospect before them for the
approaching winter is well calculated enlist the