The gazette and Democrat. (Lancaster, Ohio) 1860-1860, 1860-07-05
LANCASTER, OHIO, THURSDAY, .JULY.5, 1866.

NVIN"HJ OVDBIdbulaiS tVu upon tDc
final settlement, by the Supreme Court Of
lhe United States, Of the question ofslaye.
ry in the Tcrritones." &c.
And strange TO say, this dangerous an :
li'Republican, and anti.Democra,ic doe-
trinc. recieyes the seppor. Of the great
body of Representatives or this floor
claiming TO be Democrats.
Mr.. Chairman. the efforts Of Mr.. Cal
houn TO enlist all the Southern States in
his disunion movement Of 1882, under
color Of opposition 10 the tariff act of1828
having failed. and the scheme exposed
and effectually crushed out by the bold
ness and decsron Of General jackson and
ttLis desperate faction and their leader ex-
cludcd from the Democratic party during
the Administration Of that old hero, other
expedients were resored to by Mr.. Cal.
houn to secure the accomplishment of his
cherished purpose, namely. either disso.
luton of tho Union and the organization
OF southern slavehOldiUg confederaey or
the recognition Of the present Government
OF his theory, that slavery is recognized
by the Constitution and that Congress
had no power to abolish or exclude i,from
the Territories, or the District Of Colum>
bla, After the election of Van Bnrer to
the Presidency. Mr.. Calhoun and his fol.
lowers were again received into kind Of
quasi fellowship with the Democratic
party and supported The leading measures
of that Administration. The express
ground upon which this support was Civ.
en-. was the alleged fact that Mr.Van Buren
was disposed to favor Mr.. Calhoun's the
ory that the Constitution Of tho United
States recognized property in man.
Whether such were Mr.. Van Buren's
views, or not, | am unable to say; but
certain it is, that he pledged himself in
his inaugural address, unasked by the
Democratic party, to veto airy law which
Congress might pass aboIishing slavery
in the District of Columbia; and before lie
had been one year in the presidential Of.
flee he acquired, for the first time in the
history Of the Government, the unenvia-
: BILE appellaton ofa northern man with
southern principles"
Failing, however, TO secure the open
Endorsement by the Democratic party of
that day Of the favorite theory ofthe slave
power, Mr.. Calhoun hit upon the plan Of
getting possession Of the Supreme Court,
Because it is power the fur,hest reniov-
ed from the people, is held in great es-
teen by them, and such acts of aggres.
sion as Mr.. Calhoun contemplated. il
committed by the Supreme Court. he
knew would be so quietly done as to ex-
cite no alarm and pass almost unnoticed.
, In the scheme, as the history Of the
country will show, Mr.. Calhoun wss sue.
aessful.
Let us look at this point few mo,
ments:
The Supreme Court was organized BY
an act of Congress passed on the Gath Of
, September. 1889, by which act the courl
was made to consist of one chief justice
, and five associates.
By an act of April 80, 1909. districts,
| leach State being then called district J
: were formed into circuits, as follows:
1.-THE districts Of New Hampshire, Mas.
sachusetts, and Rhode Island. shall con.
> sntute the first circuit.
''The distric,sof Connecticut, New York
, and Vermont shall constitute the second
, circuit.
1.-THE districts of New Jersey and Penn
sylyania shall constitute the third circuit
1.-The districts of Maryland and Della
I ware shall constitute the fourth circuit.
t 1.-The districts of Virginia and Nortl
r Carolina shall constitute the fifth circuit
/, "The districts of South Carolina ant
r Georgia shall constitute the sixth cir
cult.
1t will be noticed that this law CAV,
> the North and South each three judge
and thres circuits.
By the act of February 80. 1907, tn,
Supreme Court was made to consist o
seven judges; and the seventh circuit com
. prsed the States Of Tennessee, Kentucky
q and Ohio. ..
', By act Of Sd of March, 1897, two ad
ditional judges and southern circuits wer
!, created, and the district Of Ohio deiach
q cd from the circuit Of Kentucky and Tenn
y essee, and the seventh circuit made t
:, consist of the States of Ohio, Indiana, II
. linois. and Michigan. In this act it wa
:, declared that "thC districts Of Kentucky
! TennisseC, and Missouri, shall f0lm, ant
:, be called tho eighth circuit;" and eth
!" districts of Alabama, Louisiana, Mississip
> pi, and Arkansas, shall form, and be call
ed, the ninth circuit.
Q BY the creation Of the eighth and Eintl
l. circuits, the South, with less than hal
Il the population, and not more than on
J. fourth of the business in the Suprem
Y Court, obtained majority of the judges
m Since the organization Of the eighth AM
y niuth circuits, the free States Of Iowa
10 Wisconsin, California, Minnesota, an
=, Oregon, have been admitted into tn
III Union; and although these States con
y tain population. and have an amour
N of judicial business equal at least to on
De third of those of the eulir5 Fl teen slav
TO States, they have not been erected inlo q
= attached to judicial circuits, and have n
e. representative on the bench Of the 81
n preme Court. The reason for refusin
he or neglccting to place these States upo
an equal footing with the new southwes
IS. ern States, whose populations are ia
's' less, will be manifest, | trust. before
on get through.
ial When Mr.. Tyler, by the death of Ger
n eral Harrison, beoame President. an
mt betrayed the party which elected him. b