Wilmington journal. [volume] (Wilmington, N.C.) 1844-1895, 1860-01-05

1t was we'll and wise to confer this power on Congress
had been left the States its efficient exercise
would have been impossible In that event any one oat
could have eectuay continued the trade not only for se
but for all the other slave States though so much a.
gains their will And why? Because African slaves, when
once brought within the limits of State IN accord
ance with its laws cannot practically be excluded from any
other State where slavery exists And all the States
had separately passed laws prohibiting the importation
slaves laws would have failed of eHecutor want OF
naval force to CAPTURE the avers and to guard the coasts
Such force State employ IN time OF peace Without
These acts of Congress it is believed, have, with very
rare and insignificant exceptions accomplished tner Pur
been no perceptble addition the number of domestic
slaves During this period their advancement IN
has far that of any other portion of the African
The light and the blessings of Christianity have been
extended to them and both their moral and physca
dton has been greatly improved as.,. 90 !. ,ormina
Reopen the trade and it would be dlflcui' 10 u:
whether the would be deetei ons onhe n
of the those of the native porn saw, he
evils to the master the most to be dreaded Wouo Oe e
IF wild heather ard ignorant barbarans among
the sober orderly quiet slaves whose nave
to demoraize and exasperate the whole mass
and produce most deplorable consequences.
dT qe eneSI At present he is with kindness and
humanity is we'll fed well clothed, and not oyerWorkea
which modern of high civilization have employed as a
for Of Af ho san have N
result But let this trade be reoPeled and wt Will De
boring IIandthe only spot now on earth Where ene
reas Wth abundsny able any enforce
their execution There the master intent upon present gam
eapabie of endurinaInowing that death to his
noU bV the eomneon Of rival African saverades Should
this ever be the case in our % domesc institution
wherein those old and too young to ~ofk Are re NOT
with and humanity and those Ienae The feeling of
asked would Tnders9 an 9cn now exists
be converted into mutual dstrust ana
hostility
slider what would be the effect upon unhappy AFRICA sel
if we should reopen the savetrade. This would give Inc
savetrade. This would give the trade an impulse and ex
tens VIII
The victims required to supply Woua cohVeI
the whole slave coast into perfect Pandemonum for which
this country wond he held responsible in the eyes both OF
God and It's petty tribes would then De constantly
engaged in predatory wars against eacn oner or .e
pose sezng slaves to supply the American market All
hopes of African civilization would thus be ended
On the other hand, when market Tor African slaves snal
no longer be furnished in Cuba and thus all the world pc
closed against this trade then indulge reasonable
hope for the gradual improvement OF AREA Inc Gnel
no longer any demand for slaves The resources OF that
fertile but miserable country then be developed by
the hand industry and afford subjects for egmate
eign and domestic commerce. In this manner Christianity
and civilization may gradually penetrate the existing gloom
towards China has been indicated by the event Whilst
sustained neutral position in the war waged by Great
Britain and France against the Chinese empire our late min
ser in obedience to his instructions, judicousy coopera
ted with the ministers of these in all peaceful meas
by treaty the just concessions demanded by
the interests of foreign The result is that salts
factory treaties have been concluded with China by the re-
spective ministers of the United States, Great Britain
France and Russia Our treay general convention OF
peace amity and commerce. with that empire was con
Cuded TientSln
by the President by with the advice and consent of the
Senate, on the 2lst December following.
On the 18th December 1858, John E. Ward distinguish
ed citizen of Georgia. duly commissioned envoy
traordnary and minister plenpotentary to China he left
the United States for the place of his destination on the h
treaty and arrived at Shanghai on the 18th of May From
thence he Pekn the 10th june but did not
arrive that city until the 9th of july According to the
terms of the treaty the notifications to be exchanged
before the 18th june 1859 This rendered impos
sbe by beyond his CONTROL not
Nv
Shanghai to state that they always assured him no advan-
tge should be taken of the delay and this pledge has been
On the arrival of Mr. Ward at Pekn he requested
dence of the Emperor to present his letter OF credence
This he did not obtain consequence OF his proper
refusal to submit to the humatng ceremonies required by
the etiquette of this strange people their
eregn. Nevertheless the interviews this question were
conducted in the most friendly spirit and with all due re-
gard personal feelings and the honor of his country
When presentation to his Majesty was found to be mpos
sbe the letter of credence from the President rece
ed with peculiar honors by Kweiliang, the Emperor
minister and he the Of n the ey se
wards the 18th of August exchanged proper form at
AS the exchange did not take place until after
the day prescribed by the treaty. it is deemed proper be-
fore its publication again to submit it to the Senate.
1t is but simple justice to the Chinese authorities to OBJ
that throughout the whole transaction they appear
have acted in good faith and in friendly spirit towards
the United States 1t is true this has been done after their
peculiar fashion but we ought regard lenient
eye the ancient customs of empire dating back for thou
sands OF years. far this may be consistent with
honor The conduct Of minister on the occasion
has received my entire appreciation.
IN carry treaty, ana 10 give
II ul eject 1t became necessary to conclude two supple
mental COnventOnshe for the adjustment and salts
faction Of the claims of our citizens and the other to Tx the
tariff imports and exports, and to regulate the transit
duties and trade of our merchants with China This duty
was satisfactorily performed by our late minister These
conventions bear date at Shanghai the 8th November
1855 Having been considered in the light of binding
mens subsidiary to the principal treaty. and to be carried
INTO execution without delay, they do not provide for any
formal ratification exchange of notifications by the
tracing parties This not deemed necessary by the
Chinese who already proceeding good faith to satisfy
other provisions of the conventions. Still thought
proper to submit them to tie Senate by which thew were
ratified on the Sd March 1859 The ratified copies owey
did not reach Shanghai until after the departure of
minister to Pekn and these conventions could not there
FORE be exchanged at the time with the principal
treaty No doubt entertained that they will be ratified
and exchanged by the Chinese government should this be
thought advisable butt under the circumstances presented
shall consider them binding engagements from their date
both parties and them to be published such
the Chinese empire.
1t affords much satisfaction to inform you that all our
acoriy adjusted 1t happily did not become necessary to
employ the force for this purpose which Congress had h
ced at my command under their joint resolution of I'd June
1858 On the contrary the President Of that republic,
friendly spirit acceded promptly to the just and reasonable
demands OF the Government of the United States
missioner arrived Assumption the capital of republic
on the 18th OF January 1852 and left it the 18th of Feb
ished all the objects of his mission The treaties which
he has concluded will be Immediately submitted to the Sen
ate.
In the view that the employment of other than peaceful
means might become necessary to obtain just satisfaction
from PARAGUAY strong naval force was concentrated in
the waters OF the La Plata to await contingencies whilst
commissioner assembled the rivers to Assumption The
Navy Department entitled to great credit for the prompt
ness eclency and economy with which this expedition
fitted out and conducted. 1t consisted 10 armed YES
sells great and small carrying 200 guns and all
The entire of the expedition have been betrayed
out OF the ordinary appropriations for the naval service
cep the sum of $289OO applied to the purchase of
of the steamers constituting part Of it, the author
y of the naval appropriation act of the Sd March last
believed that these steamers worth than their cost
and they all now usefuly and actively employed the
naval service.
The of large force fitted out in prompt
in the far distant waters of the La Plata and the
rabe conduct of the officers and employed it. have
happy effect in favor country throughout all that
PARTON of the world
we'll with all other the continent of Europe
unless may except that of SPAIN happily
he mOstf div