Western Reserve chronicle. [volume] (Warren, Ohio) 1855-1921, 1860-03-14

ulteri0r Use:
First. That it is easy to combine tn,
capital States in defence Of even externa
interests. while it is hard to unite the la6ol
States in common policy.
Second, That the labor States have ;
natural loyalty to the Union. while the cap
itll States have natural facility for alarm
ing that loyalty hy threatening Disunion.
| Third: That the capital States do not
practically distinguish between the legiti.
mate and constitutional resistance to the
extensions of Slavery in the common Ter
ritnries Of the Union. and uncon ;titutional
agggreSsiOns against Slavery established by
local laws in the capital States.
The carly political parties were organ
lied without reference to Slavery. But
since 1920 European questions have left
US practically uncOnccrncd. There has
been Il great increase of invention. mining.
manufacture and cultivation. Steam on
land and on water has quickened commerce.
The press and the telegraph have attained
prOdisiOus activity. and the social inter
course between the States. and their citi-
zens has been immeasurably increased; and
consequently their mutual relations affect.
ing Slavery have been for many years sub
jects of earnest and often excited discussion.
1t is in my way only to show how su;h
disputes have operated ON the course of po-
llticLl evcnts-not to reopen them for ar
gument here. There was a slave insurrec-
ton in Virginia, Virginia and Kentucky
debated, and. to the great sorrow of the
Free States, rejected the system of volun-
tary labor. The Colonization Society was
established with much favor in the capital
States. Emancipation Societies arose in
the Free States. South Carolina instituted
proceedings to nullify obnoxious Federal
revenue laws. The capital States CON-
planned Of Courts and Legislatures in Il e
labor Stae' for interpreting the constitu-
tional provision for the surrender of fuei-
tlves from service SO as to treat them as
persons. and not property, and they dis
crimlnated against colored persons of the
labor States when they came to the capital
States. They denied. in Congress. the
right of petition. and embarrassed or de-
MED freedom of debate on the subject of
slavery. Presses, which undertook the de-
fence Of the labor system in the capital
States, were suppressed by violence. and
even III the labor States, public assemblies,
convened to consider Slavery questions,
were dispersed by mobs sympathising with
the capital States. The Wing party. be-
ing generally an opposition party. practiced
some forbearanre toward the interest of Ia
Dor. The Democratic party, not without
demonstrations Of dissent was generally
found sustaining the policy of capital. A
disposition tow ri the removal of Slavery
from the presence of the national capital
appeared in tn District of Columbia. Mr.
Van Buren. Democratic President. launch
cd prospective veto against the anticipa-
t d measure. A Democratic Congress
brought Texas into the Union, stipulatine
practically for its future reorganization
into fbuf Slave Stats. Mexico was in
censcd. War ensued. The labor States
asked that the Mexican law of liberty, which
covered the Territories brought in by the
treaty Of peace. might remain and be con-
frmed. The D mo;ratic party refused
The Missouri debate Of 20 rccun ed now.
under circumstances of heat and excite
mcnt: in relation to these con1uests. The
defenders Of labor to, k alarm lest the num-
Der of new capital States might become so
glet as t. eHlble that class of States to
dictate the whole polity of the Government:
and III case of constitutional resistance.
then to form a new slaveholding confedera-
cy around the Gulf of Mexico. BY this
tim. the capital States seemed to have be-
Come fixed in d. termination that the Fed
eral Government and even the labor States,
should recognize their slaves. though out.
side of the Slave States and within the
Territories of the United States. as proper
ty of which the master could not be in any
way. or by any authority divested; and the
labor States. having become now more es-
sentially Democratic than ever be before,
by the great devclnpment of free labor,
more firmly than ever insisted on the con-
stitutional doctrine that slaves voluntarily
carried by their masters into the common
Territories. or into labor States, are per-
sOns. men Under the auspicious inhu-
cnces of Whig success. California and
New Mexico appeared before Congress as
lab'r States. The capital States refused
to consent to their admission into the Tn
ion: and again threats of Disunion carried
terror and CONSERVATION throughout the
land. Another compromise was made
Spe;ii; enacsments admitted California as
a labor State. and remanled New Mexico
and Utah to remain Territories, with the
right to choose Ere dom or Slavery when
ripencd into States. while they gave new
for Il reception of fugitives from
service. and abolished the open slave mar
ket in the District of Columbia. These
new enactments collated with the existing
statutes. namely the Ordinance of 1857,
the Missouri ProhibitOry law of 1890. and
the articles of Texas annexOtson. disposed
by law of the subject of Slavery in all the
Territories of the United st ties. And 50
the Compromise of 1850 WAS pronounced D
full. final absolute. AMI comprehen i've set.
tlemcnt of all existing AMI possible dis
putes concerning Slavery unler the Feder-
al authority. The two great parties, fear
ful for the Union. struck hands in making
and presenting this as an adjustment, nev-
er afterwards to be opened. disturbed, or
cven questioned. AMI the people accepted it
by majoritieS unknown before The new
President chosen over an illustrious rival !
nnequivOcally on the ground of greater abil- |
ity. even If not more reliable purpose to
the new treaty inviolatc. makes
haste to justify this expsotItion when Cen
5rcsS assembled. He said.
When the grave shall have closed over
al who are now enlelvoring to meet the
obligations Of duty. the year $50 will be
recurred to as period filed with anxiety
md apprehension \ successful war mas
Just terminated; peace brought with it
great augmentation Of territory. Distur-
Ding questions arose bearing upon the do
nestle institutions Of portion of the Con-