The daily dispatch. [volume] (Richmond [Va.]) 1850-1884, 1860-04-17

suess sadrsss Of d. IonHsoH BAn.oEA ESQ.
Il eoa aine Ssssdss, . iasgs quaAttysf litera-
n. editorial and news matter.
Tor sals q sAs conatsr. is
lsaiy UnissA.
Nearly every grsa. Isaliaa wrssf. Rom
To AxSfRxI-that ID, throuxh course
Of Ave hundred y~ars-whethsr spoet hisso-
rian or phtlosephsr-Aaa taken oceaston se eA.
press his Enthusiastic desire for the union Oh
all Italy under one head. Above All ou"e1S
AAcaIAy.LLI. the patriot, the ssa'es~ss .Hs
diplomastst. the historian and poet, unltins
ali these in his own person ana excei'ans !"
each or the departments which tnAx Iepfe-
oest. vns ardent for the union ana sadepen-
dsucs O his country. A repubiicanln pr1nci-
ple and by practices martyr to MS poiitica'
faith. fos the cake Of which he underwent tor
tur. BY ths rack and exile-hs esteemed that
union aud thai independence under . despo-
1ism a. Of far more consequences than the enjoy
ment even Of liberty under q number Of divided
aud mutually hostile republics. Hesaw plain
~ that 40 long a. Italy wa thus severed. lib
erty itself could never be secure. He lived
in An age which bore witness to the utter folly
Of hoping Tor peace and security until the
great Italian peninsula should be enabled to
present an undivided front to her external foes;
10 command the respect of Europe bsyond the
Alps, and TO suppress seaitiOn aud punish trea-
SON At home. In the early part of hts career, he
had seen the in INVASION Of CnAnLEs VIII. sweep
q tornado over his country, from the
thigh, in LombGrdy, down TO this very toe OF
the boot in Calabria, destroying everything
that II encountered In its progress. He had
witnessed the .reiux of that tide, casting
r..n a. .A~-n g >v>u~~ AA0 CnhnptS 1f ($nN.
sALRo, come to renew the strife Tor the pos.
session OF Italy with a party, neither o. whom
had the slightest claim to its possession. He
had been almost a spectator Of these des0latiDg
wars had lived. in the prime of manhood,
amidst the furious turmoil Of JULIUs H.
and had heard the news Of Ravenna while the
blood of CASTOR was yet scarcely dry upon
the earth, and the victims of that CORY day
lay green and fostering ON the field which
they had rendered immortal. He had seen all
Italy thrown into commissions by the rivalry
of FRANCIS M CHARLRs-monarchs whose
dominions, proper, lay far beyond her borders ;
yet who laid claim to thg fairest Of her pro-
vinces, and came there to flGht ont q quarrel
with which her sons had nothing to dc. he
had seen the French monarch stricken to the
earth at Payia, aud made captive by the hand
of his own rebellious subject. He had beheld
the sack OF Rome, the slaughter Of her citi.
zens, and the capture Of the Holy Father-af-
fronts and injuries poorly avenged by the
death of the daring traitor-rebel alike to his
earthly master and the Church-whO had in
1iicted them. He perfectly understood the
source of all these miseries, and he knew
the way to get rid of them forever. He
saw that as long as the Italians were di-
vided among themselves-as long as Italy was
cnt up in to little States, governed BY ambitious
men-so long must these rulers be instruments
in the hands of the great foreign powers be-
youd the Alps, and Italy be, what Flanders
with much less truth has since been called, the
"cockpit Of Europe" He was DESTROYS to
put an end. at once and forever, to this anon
alous position held by a people great aud nu-
merous, yet having no interest In its own af-
fairs. He say that 1t could be effected only by
uAion, and to the grand idea Of union he sacri-
need all other considerations It was doubt
less with . view of promoting this union that
he wrote !" the Prince !" a work which, in
spite Of exertions and suferings in the cause
OF human liberty, has rendered his lame infa-
nous to all succeeding ages. In that book
addressed to one Of the Medici, and he the
most warlike Of the race-het teaches Al am.
bitious tyrant how to succeed by craft and
violence, in uniting in his own person the
government Of all neighboring kingdoms.-
Nothing OF fraud or cruelty that had been
practiced with success by any former tyrant.
is pretermitted or passed without at least SO
much OF commentator as may be implied
from not blaming. Even CESAR BORGIA-the
moet detestable character of that bad age-is
commended for his vigor, foresight, and deter
miuation. To us it Is evident that the design
of the book was to inspire the Medici with the
desire to reduce all Italy under the dominion
of their house. One of them had, but a few
wears before, been Pope. and another, after a
short interval, was now Pope again. Another
was Grand Duke ut Florence, and q third was
expected to be king Of Naples. To an ambi-
tious man Of talent, nothing would appear
q moro natural than to take advantage OF such
8 an opportunity. and strike for all Italy. This
. was the consumnnAtion that MACHIAvxLLI ar.
IDENTIFY ionged for. He wished to see an union
of ali Italy at any cost Of crime. or at any ex.
pense Of political principle, if such sacrifices
alone could obtain that great and paramount
good.
In q fair way to become . reality. Any man
who should have predicted twenty years ago
that Italy would have advanced within twenty
years so far on the road 70 union and CONSOLE
aation would have been regarded ~ adrsamer
Who could have believed that Tuscany OF
Modena would have expelled their tyrants, OF
that even the Emilian provinces would have
sought to unite with them within that shorl
spacs Of time? Who could have believed thai
an Italian Prince wouid become, by the votes
= Of the people,, sovereign Of eleven millions OF
subjectsf We have read aud heard much OF
the miracles accomplished by the great Ma.
PoLrox, ia whose hands all Europe became
buta theatre, shifting her scenery aud chang.
ing her actors ut u motion from the wand Of
the manager. But nothing the great NAPO.
LEON ever did was 20 wonderful as the rams.
formation that has taken place In Italy
There Was Everything 70 oppose 1t. The pow.
2Srfua Empire OF Austria, always at hand AND
ready 70 throw her weight into the scale Of
every petty Prince whose intolerabie tyranny
rendered his dominion odious, seemed 70 rev.
der resistance impossible. There was thu
treaty OF Vienna. which tyrants, who rule sby
eae grace o. Con" and asainst the will Of the
people, may alone violate with impunity,
standing Ms q perpetual menace TO all Italians
who dared to remember that they had ones
been mastsrs Ut the wosad. There was the
evil ausnry Of tbs EsgliaA press, always thu
saeny Of freedom on the C0ntnest, acting q
= peFpstsss shouer-hath upon ell the warm
4esnngs mat Europe might entsrtain toward,
1tealaa Naity aAd freedom. There wns ~.
longscherished jealousy or ~ yariou, e.n,.
talA II Italy, ALI o1 AAsA AeesAaps An ia,u.
srtcus history. which sssaeA 1usvyer 10 -
htAtt . cordial union upon asythans liz,
Ssasouabie terms. There were Tia scAim1
81 eths sosarsasnss WAa AaA apascei,sds -
50 sha nA,swerv sokfSbnua - nsu~~~A - - -.