The daily exchange. [volume] (Baltimore, Md.) 1858-1861, 1860-10-05
FROM EUROPE.
ARRIVAL on THE ARAGO And SAXONIA.
MAIL DATES TO THE 10TH ULT

Inc United States mail steamship Arago, Lines,
commander, from Havre, 5 p. NJ, Sept 10Th, ar.
rived at New York Wednesday
The Arago has experienced a succession of strong
westerly gales during the entire passage. She
brings 22i passengers and 300 tons merchandise.
The Arago brings us our usual European files to
the 10Th ult, four days later than those received
by the Persia, though we have later telegraphc in
telligence via st. Johns.
SARDINIA AND ROME.
The following abstract from the circular ad-
dressed by the Sardnan government to its repre-
sentatves abroad, states the reasons that led the
government OF Victor Emmanuel to order its troons
to enter the Papal States. Commencing with the
peace OF Villa Franco, Count Cavour passes in re-
view the harmonious development of the idea of
ltaiian unity, which subsequently took place in the
liberated States, and dismisses the question of Vene
tia with the quiet but significant declaration that
sit must be solved before Europe can enjoy . solid
peace"
lie ascribes to the despotsm exercised by the
King OF Naples, in defiance of friendly advice and
protestation, "that prOdgous revolution which
has filled Europe with astonishment and excited its
auihiraoh lor the llustrious warrior whose glori.
GUS exploits recall all that poetry and history can
relate"
The circular proceeds as follows:
AS soon Sicily and Naples shall form an inte
gra part of the great Italian family the enemies of
Thrones will no longer have any powerful argument
to bring forward against monarchi cal principles
Revolutionary passions will no longer find a theatre
where most insane enterprises had chances of sue
cess, at least Of exciting the sympatbv of all
generous minded men.
One might, then, be authorized to suppose that
Italy may at last enter pacific phase of nature
to dispel European anxieties it the two great re-
gions OF the North and South of the Peninsula
were not separated by provinces which are in a de-
plorable state.
The Roman Government having declined to take
any part whatsoever in the great national move
ment, having on the contrary, continued to oppose
1T with the most lamentabe obstnacy, has for
long time placed itself in open hostility with the
populations which have not succeeded in throwing
off its yoke To keep them down, to prevent them
from manilesting the national sentiments which an
innate them, he has made use of the spiritual power
which Providence has entrusted to him for an OBJ
Ject far otherwise great than that assigned to the
political Government.
By presenting to the Catholic populations the con-
ditlon OF Italy under false and sOmbre colors by
making apassiOnate appeal to feeling, or rather to
fanaticism, which still holds so much sway in GER
tain unenlightened classes of society, he has sue
ceeded in gathering money and men from every
corner OF Europe, and in forming army consist
ing almost exclusively of strangers not only to the
Roman States but to the whole of Itlly.
1t has been reserved to the Roman States to offar
in our century the strange and sad spectacle of
Government reduced to maintain its authority over
its subjects by the means of foreign mercenaries
blinded by fanaticism enticed by the bait of
promises which could not be fulfilled, except by
throwing whole provinces into distress.
Such facts provoke, in the highest degree the
Indignation of the Italians who have achieved their
liberty and Independence. Full of sympathy for
their brethren in Umbria and in the Marches they
manifest on all sides the desire of helping to put an
end to state of things which is outrage to the
q nd urhic
wounds deeply the national sentiment.
Although sharing this painful emotion, the Gov.
ernment of the King thought it right hitherto to
prevent any disorganZed ATTEMPT to deliver the
populations of Umbria and of the Marches from
the yoke which oppresses them. But it could not
dissimulate that the increasing irritation of the
populations could no longer be contained without
having recourse to force and to violent measures
Moreover, the revolution having triumphed at
Naples, could it be stopped at the frontier of the
Roman States, where it is invoked by abuses not
less serious than those which have irresistibly
drawn the volunteers of Upper Italy into Sicily :?
BY the cries OF the Insurgents Of the Marches
and of Umbria the whole of Italy was moved. No
power can prevent thousands of Italians from rush
ing from the centre and from the North of the Pc
ninsula to the aid of their brothers threatened with
disasters similar to those of Perugia
II the Government of the King remained passive
amid this universal emotion, it would place itself
in direct opposition with the nation. The gener-
GUS outbursts which the events of Naples aud of
Sicily have produced in the masses would degener-
ate at once into anarchy and disorder
1t would then be possible and even probable that
the regular movement which has hitherto taken
place might suddenly assume the character of vic.
lence and passion. Whatever power the idea of
order may exercise over the Italians there are pro-
vocations which the most civilized people cannot
resist. Assuredly they would be more to be pited
than blamed if for the first time thew gave Way to
violent reactions, which would lead to the most la.
mentable consequences. History informs us that a
people who are at the head of civilization hav
committed under the Empire the most deporabe
eXcesses for less serious causes.
Should it expose the Peninsula to similar dan
gers, the government of the King would be culpa-
BILE towards Italy; it would not be less so towards
Europe.
The King would be wanting in his duties towards
the Italians, who have always hearkened to the
counsel OF moderation which he has given them,
and who have intrusted to him the high mission of
directing the national movement.
lie would be wanting in his duties towards
Europe, for he has contracted toward it the
moral engagement of not allowing the Italian
movement to degenerate into anarchy and dis.
order.
1t is to fulfil this double duty that the Govern
ment OF the King, the insurgent popu-
latOn of the Marches and of Umbria sent him
deputations to invoke his protection granted it to
them at once. At the time he sent dipIo-
matte agent to Rome to ask the Pontifcal Gov
ernment to send away the foreign legiOns which
could not serve to suppress the manifestations of
! the provinces which touch upon our frontiers with
out forcing us to interfere in their favor
On the refusal of the Court of Rome to comply
with that request, the King has issued an order to
| his troops to enter Umbria and the Marches with
the mission of reestablishing order there and of
leaving free field to the populations for manifest
| ing their sentiments.
The Royal troops will scrupuOusy respect Rome
| and the Territory that surrounds it. They would
| lend their support, should it ever be wanted to
preserve the residence of the Holy Father against
| any attack menace; for the Government of the
n liafa tha Of
interests of Italy with the respect due to the au
gust chief of religion to whom the country is sin
| cerely attached.
| In acting thus it has the conviction of not hurt
ing the feelings Of heightened Catholics who do not
contound the temporal power with which the Court
| OF Rome has been invested during a period of its
history with the spiritual power which is the eter-
nal and lmmovable basis of his religious authority
But our hopes go still further. We have the con
hdence that the spectacle of the unapimity of the
patriotic sentiments which now burst forth through
out the whole of Italy will remind the Sovereign
fontlll that he was some years ago tho sublime in.
| splrer of this great national movement. The veil
which counsellOrs, animated by mundane interests
had placed over his eyes, will fall, and then, reeog-
nzing that the generation of Italy is decree OF
Providence he will become the Father of the Itali
ans, as he has never ceased to be the august and
venerable Father of all the Faithful.
THE TROUBLE BETWEEN CAVOUR AND GA
RlBALDI.
| The Turin correspondent of the Constitutional
writes as follows, under date of Sept. Is
The Parlamentis convoked for the I'd of October.
| The convOcatiOn decided on yester day at a
| Council of Minister'S
Count Trechi, aide de- camp of Garibad and
| DR.. Brambilla, in whom the Dictator of the Two
Sicies appears to place unlimited confidence, ar
| rived yesterday evening at Turin from Naples
They are bearers of a letter from the famous Gen
| era to the King. The audacious warrior in this
letter traces the same programme that developed
in the proclamation to the people of Palermo-that
is to say, that he shall not regard his mission as
terminated until he has arrived al Rome and Venice
and that, despite his ardent desire for immediate
annexation, the interests of the continuation of his
| enterprise are opposed to that measure.
Garibadi concludes his letter by saving that he
| has no confidence in NJ. Cavour, and that that is
the he cannot listen to advice sent him from
| Turin.
| This letter, which is not known to the public and
of which | can guarantee the most perfect authen-
ticity, has produced great sensation in official
circles. As yet nothing has been decided as to the
terms in which the Kings reply is to be couched
M. de Rayneval, first Secretary of the Embassy
has been appointed Charge d'Affaires during the
absence of NJ. de Talleyrand
PARIS, September l7.-ln addition to the memo
randum explaining the entry of Sardinian troops
into the Papal States, addressed by Count Cavour
to the diplomatic agents of Sardinia for c0mmuni-
cation to the respective foreign Courts the Cheva-
ler Nigra, Sandman resident Minister at Paris
communicated confidential despatch to NJ. Thouye-
mel the day before yesterday.
In this despatch Count CavOur is said to have en-.
deavOred to show that the occupation of the Marches
and Umbria was indispensable in order to prevent
a collision between Garibaldi and the French troops
occupying Rome
This despatch is also said to state that Garibaldi
has given Piedmont to understand in peremptory
manner, that it she does not Immediately disperse