The Buchanan County guardian. (Independence, Buchanan County, Iowa) 1858-1864, 1860-01-19


having been sustained by the uniform
action of the President, Congress, and
the judiciary, with but one opposing
opinion rendered by divided court, un
der the influence of great political ex
element then prevailing at the Capitol, it
may now be regarded as conclusively
settled. We are thus free to contemplate
without prejudice the legitimate effects
that would flow from the adoption Of the
Republican or of the Democratic policy,
and to decide into whose hands we shall
intrust the rens Of government.
Mr.. HARLAN said that the decision of
this question will determine by what race
of men the territories shall be peopled.
The policy of the Republican party in
vites the Anglo Saxon, the -Celt, the
Gaul, and others Of Caucasian blood, by
pre- emption and homestead laws and
by the exclusion of slavery practically
exclude the African and kindred races.
This had been the result heretofore. To
the nine new states ofthe southwest, from
which slavery was not excluded by Con-
gress in enacting their organic laws, the
emigration of negroes has been large. In
1850 tho State of Alabama had As per
cent. of her whole population of the At
rican race /; Arkansas, 90 per cent. ;;
Florida, As; Kentucky, %; Louisiana,
81; Mississippi, 81 ; Missouri, Is; Ten
nessee, 25 /; Texas, %. The emigration
of negroes to the new states of the North
west, from which Slavery had been ex-
cluded, was very small. In 1850, the
negro population, compared with the
whole, amounted: In California, to one
per cent. in Illinois, six-tenths Of one
per cent. in Indiada, one and one tenth
per cent. /; in Iowa, one-tenth Of one per
cent. in Michigan, six-tenths of one
per cent. in Ohio one and two-tenths
per cent. in Wisconsin, two tenths of
one per cent. in Minnesota, six-tenths
of one per cent; and in Oregon, one
and a half per cent.
Nor has the exclusion of slavery from
these States, stimulated free negro en-
igiation. In 1850 in the nine Slave
States named there were Al ,645 free col
ored persons and in the nine new free
States with double the amount of popu-
lation, there was 46,737. In all the
Slave States, with white population Of
six millions there were 238, 1856 free ne
groes, and in all of the free States. with
more than Is millions white people, there
were but 1862 free negroes. Thus it
will be seen that while the Republican
policy would people our vast domain
with the white race, the Democratic pol
icy would fill the virgin territories with
negroes.
Mr.. Harlan then took up the argu-
ment that climate is to decide the whole
question, and quoted largely from au-
thoritative works on Physiology to prove
that color is not controlled by climate,
but that men of every hue are found in
every latitude /; and he proved, also, that
while negroes in the Southern States are
less susceptible to malarious fevers,
than the whites, they are more liable to
other diseases than the latter, and do not
live longer in the Southern States than
the whites. And when We come to con-
slider thas there are nearly six millions of
non -slaveholding whites in the South,
who earn their own living and do their
own labor, it was apparent that there
was no necessity for giving up the +" Sun
ny South" the most genial part of the
country, to the inferior race. Mr.. Har-
Ian also spoke in favor of colonzing the
blacks in Central America.
The speaker then passed to review the
threats Of disunion, and in that connec.
lion, in reply to Mr.. CLAWS query wheth-
er Anti Slavery men in the free States
did not hate Shareholders, said he answer
ed frankly that that depended on the mo-
tives which prompted man to hold
slaves. Ifone man held another, howev-
er inferior, in bondage, for the selfish
and sordid purposes of gain, he loathed
) his character in his Utmost heart If,
on the other hand, he is held for the pur-
pose, entertained in good faith, of better
ing his condition. and elevating his char
acter, the owner will not be hated by
anybody. in any place. He closed as
follows:
"You admonish us, however, that ifa gen
tleman who entertains the doctrines originally
maintained by Washington, Jefferson, and the
ether illustrious men who lived during the ear
lier period of the Republic, from which, as was
admitted on yesterday by the honorable Sena-
tor from Virginia, Mr.. MAsoN,l the Democra-
cy has swerved, should be elected President of
ltl I'll L., Al Al ~