The New York herald., 1860-12-08
OUR PUBLIC DOMAIN.



I GrasAL LAND Oprcs, Nov 10, 1880
s1-DusiDs las past year the operations OF ths aal
sysU- have exteaded by dIeot administrative aotteu
~ahn she limits OF all the political divisions emorssisg
he public doma1 70 Wit: Ohio, Indiana, Michigan, m
nos, Wisconsin, IlWs Calitornia Oregon, knacsoss,
fiorca Asosms, Mississippi, louisiana, Arkansas, Nh
ouri, SAD 70 toe Terri tories Of Kansas Nssrasks Mtnl
oa tADoSa IS Dacetahl, Washington. He~ Mexico -
Ciaa Oar CcgrtspeLdence has passed those limits hay
rgcx'erfsd within all tue other members OF tho on.
eieacy whore resident claimants hold interests ~
| qertog sojrs'neni, unoer Bou1ty Land Graats fer
tryicss ~ tee OF the Revolution In the last wax
| 18th Grea, Britain, tho with Mexico, with India
roes, urde. foiesa titles, aud under other grants 10
gre.t diversity
" Ia three ard cse fourth mDlioUs OF square mllas
rhea eotaitu'e Inc territorial the Uaon IL
public amos embrace an of 2cs 8.5 sqcare miles
20 ons 'sonsahd Tour heaared snd hlty millions OF ass,
eps more than wo hlrts ot extent ana
aenr'y tasee times ss iarse tne Uured IL
atiaca,on Of the dea0ivs treaty OF peace III 1873 win
ureat Britain TGis empire domain extends from uss
ooshe-n Line OF Tesas-ihs Gulf OF Aezlooreaoang -
he Atlantic ocean, nor.nwes.erly to the Canada ne
dering upon the great asesEeie, Huron Michigan ana
ndips westward the Pacific ocean, Nm
Pugeis Sound on the acrihtbe Mediterranean Of
extreme Northwestern possessions II lac udes Mteea
overeeptes, known The stand States" and exssn
oftrrioiy capable oi thirty additional each On ~
10 the grea, cenira land state OF Ohio
nrnoaces sour capable Of abundant yield OF tho rls
productions Of tn. opcsor sugar cotton ce tob4css
corn. ana the grape (he vintage STAPLE partsss-
isry 90 IN caorns) Of the great cereals, wheat go
Ia the Western and Northwestern and Pacid aasas
srd IN that interior region from valley Of shs
Mississippi 10 the Rocky Noun aims aud Whence
chain formed By the sefra Nevada Cascades shs
eastern wal OF The Pacific sopo, every variety soU
found revealing its wealth.
Iosissd Of dreary insrab.e waters supposed sar
ier times the millions OF bu1slo, ek, deer mounsAts
.heep.hs primitive Inhabitants OF the soil fed ~ ~
band OF natlreAitest i capacity fer the abun ant sp
port Of dense population, through the sku toll of ~
Agricultural oes,irg with the earta under the gaSanss
of tao science Of the prcseat ago
Not cnly Ia the yield or food for in this ragtes
abundant but holds In i's bosom the pro mesaAa
OF gold silver with cinnAhar-the useful metals Of iroa
lead copper Ltersperaed with immense belts stxasa
OF that prcpusve element coal the or riches aaa
power and the indispensable agent, eniy for de-
mests purposes OF nie but In the machine sncps, ~
ssa sud steam vessel qucken!ng the advance u
civilization and the permanent settlement Of shs country,
and berg the agent o. active and constant nssrco
nicatioa with every part OF the republic
Not year bad elapsed from the dean!tvs Treaty. u
ook the initiative for esAbishrg system for the dt
potal OF the then ex.rg western lanes ami the ~
Of Nay lTs5 the requisite ordnance for that purpsss
psssed BY which tho Board Of Treasury sunossA
dispose OF the surveyed lands In the Western TertY
connerclns nlss at New York or Philadephia, wisA
over 10 adjourn TO any part OF the United ss4sss
All beyond the present western limits of tbs states a
rcnnsJ vaaiA Maryland virginia. North aui South oA~s
la, and Georgia wilderness uaverssi oaly by ~
rs~-
Algonquin family extending from the thirty dh psraala
otbe north Of the grea, lakes into Canada
After fhs perfect Union formed by IA, sdep
ion OF the consultation OF the United sates whoh
nio operation the a0h Of April lTs0 Congress- ths
ID OF September 1859, tarsfsod TO the Treasury
srmeni he duly Of the disposal or the public iAsds,
the patents Tor the 10 be prepared b. the State De-
rariment
Thereafter In 1912 the General Land 0noo created,
aud By tho law OF the ah Of Juy 1896 and other 49,
the ssioner OF The General Lind once under tbs
direction Of the Secretary Of the Interior and ths 9s
dent Of the United States, - clothed with the power =
Supervision and control" in regard to the "sxsoas,vs
dates then "prescr bed which might thereafter "ss
prescribed BY Law sppersnius TO the survoysg and ss
Of the public lands Of the United States, or In snywss
respecting such public lands and also such - relate -
private claims Of lands and the esung OF patents os -
grsn land tbs authority Of the Cover amses u
the United Stssesn
The subject 10 be considered 10 the inceptivs nss
turss taken In hs npcy Of the republic and the pre-
sress since made regard 70 the survey and dspos1
our and inheritance.
Immediately aftsr The Inauguration OF Presdeat was
prsos he laid before Oosgrss report om ths ssorsss
~ Of War; acknowledging the Indian right Of oocspassv
aud roosnizns the principle o. acquiring snsr claims ~
purchase for spscao ooosdssatou sooordins 70 NE
pYscce Of the late Eaghh colonies and eovasnsGi 10
purchasing tho Indian cains" tho rule IN that rcssss
lsd down In the proolapston Of 7sh 0,tobsr irss by
By prvsss lBdividuAls from the Indians snd decarins
thai any any Of the aid Indians should BE- n-
snsssd oniy for The Orosn-.hs ultimate Dominica ssl
sovereignty being hsld 70 resds In The dsoovsrsr oo
ne ssssss Judicial dspassmsn, Of our govevnmni In
tbc case o. Jehnces, Isssss. nsln.osh % Peters r.
portal has snirssd shs = principle q rsss se~ -
10 .ccors..ss MN "a. pr.sless sss..,ss wa. -
snsseuisssd By iss Gsissd sAsss non The Great Lsss
TO The Matches ssssisnsas, taking i nAms fren "
states sass Of ihs nssia.pp ls.vns, however. rs.a.as
Of tribes such - The ssoeksrdge, Bsos5e!tova o. Ne
nsmis ana sthsrs, VINO have been inysssA By - q
Congress treaty with alodia ttlcs Besides this -
@s.s q sSs Spp essudsa rom iss eof q nszss
10 The Borshsrn lins q lows, scudns sns srsssS -
,.cs o. .ss ssss Of oosn,s q 49,
brsska In Oregon and washngtoo east and vst Of ths
cassses provision having been ds there for Ne esa
seosratou and ssstismen Of the Indians 10 homo rsow
vstons Of Inn sed sxtcst. In California the Indana
have been recognized holding spsciae ssse.s =
country out have beea ooected and RAnefeod 70 reo
yatocs ees apart for their ,roeecsiou.
p ihs larger part Of Nsv Mexico the great body u ~
Indians arc purely nomsdso, exosptng thcse ginning
puebcs with asceytAine1 limits, and W uioes q ~
JcaSuos nspcaeros, Minbrss, aih Apsches, Pmos -
Maroopse which luited rsservasions ere proposal
win the Utsbs treaties for The extnctoa Of ths H.
dlsn title have made.
Our surveying y yssesn began the trscs OF country
Ono kpo % 40 the old Ranges The surveys sWe
rur and Abhhsd iro = ths OHIO river - cass Ia,
no,,bxs ard ara vestvard. each township six nles
seusre being thss, - at The pysssat, lld on -
| tlx sctiops square mies ~ ~ .asysys ~
\ ecurs reeulAvity and convrekno7 ~ o1,3.s~~--.
4 ~ sns estahliabmsns cf bse lines, messehee