The daily exchange. [volume] (Baltimore, Md.) 1858-1861, 1860-09-28

A strong Piedmontese corps d'armee is keeping
watch on the movements Of the Austrians.
Turin letter says that sooner or later the
struggle will come. The question of Venita will
arouse the passions as as the other questions
are settled.
WAR MOVEMENTS OF AUSTRIA.
Preparations were being made at Vienna for the
eVentuality of new war in Italy. Additional
troops were constantly being sent to Austrian
| Italy.
1t was rumored that Austria had notified France
OF her intention to concentrate so 900 in Man
tua and the line of the Po a corps of observation,
9ut with no intention of Intervening between Sar
me Emperor and Empress had arrived at Nice,
"nere they met with an enthusiastic reception.
Inc farls NOnueur announces that the Siyty-
second and SXty-seventh regiments of the Limo had
been despatched to Rome, and that the French gar
rison having been thus increased General Goyon
had received orders to return to Rome and resume
command.
The monthly returns of the Bank of France show
decrease in the cash in hand of over IS $50, GOO
francs, and In the discounts decrease of $50 900
francs
The latest dispatches announce that their Ma
J'stles had embarked for and reached A iacco.
The Emperor is understood to have had long in
tervlew with Count CavOur at Nice.
Inc Bourse was quiet and without material luc-
tuation. Rentes closed at G7.S5.
CHINA.
Letters from China state that the French forces
would land to the south and the English to the
north of the Tako forts. The whole British force,
consisting of l2,llO men, with seven batteries of
artillery and a siege tran had reached the rendez-
vous at Ta-lien-whan. The commencement of
operations was delayed solely on account of the
French not being ready.
CRITICAL STATE OF AFFAIRS IN ITALY.
From the London Times, Sept al
We have not had long to wait for the decision of
the King OF Sardinia upon the advice proilered to
him by the French semi-oicial press The troops
N1ptnr
ritories, and war has begun in good earnest. Gen.
Cialdini has taken PeSaro, which was alreaded an
nOunced as being in n state of instruction, and
with the town twelve hundred Germans and Mon
signOr Bella have fallen into his hands. Orvieto
has also surrendered.
This Is dashing beginning Of the campaign and
step that cannot be retractcd Sardinia has
abandoned the temporizing policy which she had
adopted since the armstice of Villafranca She
no longer Oscillates backwards and forwards hut
throws in her lot with the Italian revolution.
Policy has done her work; all that negotiation all
that balancing and temporizing could effect has
been effected and there is nothing left for it but to
| fight it out manfully to the last We NAV easily
imagine the motives that have driven Sardinia to
| this decisive step. So long as she and her King
were the only recognized representatives of the
Italian movement she might feel herself at liberty
to consult her own safety and await quietly the
| march of events but the Italian movement is no
longer under the exclusive direction of the Sar-
diniln government. Victor Emmanuel has in Carl
DdluI II nDSt OTlnluaDle COmpetltOr-a man OF that
mould of which the successful leaders of great
| popular uprisngs are made-a man utterly regard
less of self, and not to be acted by any of the
| meaner motives by which common men arc to be
controlled. The cOnqueTOr Of Naples and Sicily
is quite certain not to arrest his advance at the
| frontier of the Roman States. The momentum
| that he has gained seems sufficient to carry him
! over all the resistance which the States of the
| Church can offer, and to bring him with a violent
shock into collision with the Austrian power in
Venice
For such a contamination the Sandman Govern
ment Is not prepared 1t plainly that if things
hold their present course little longer it will be
In the power OF Garibadi to drag Piedmont as well
as all the rest Of Italy into Il conflict with Austria
and to force her to risk all she has gained in an en-
| counter where the probabilities of success are
against her. She must, therefore, at whatever
cost or risk make herself more mistress of
the revolution. She must lead, that she may not
be forced to follow. She must reyoIutiOnize the
| Papa States, in order that she NAV nut herself in
a position to arrest dangerous revolutionary
movement against Nenetia. There is some reason
to think that in recent interview the Emperor of
the French has been induced to see things from this
point OF view, and that no danger is apprehended
on the side of France. These motives are amply
sufficient to account for the decisive movement Of
Victor Emm He lives in revolutionary times,
when seli-preservatiOn has superseded all other
considerations, and it would be childish to apply to
his situation the maxims of international law which
are applicable to periods of tranquility.
! These being the motives which have impelleG
| Piedmont to draw the sword, we have next to see
what are the grounds which she justiies the
| step. The grounds are tWO-the extraordinary mis-
rule and oppression of the Papal government and
the presence of large bands of foreign mercenariee
by which the country is oppressed and terrOrized.
The object is said to be to give the people an op-
! portunity of expressing their wishes and the
re-estabishment of civil order. The King promises
to respect the seat of the Chief of the Church
Rome we suppose, and its immediate environS; but,
while holding out this assurance, the manifesto
Ip,,.a yr,ftl IL,
terness and acrimony unusual in the present age,
even in ,er5 declaration of war. He will teach the
ance to the Pope and his General nhe 'dienounces
the misguided advisers of the Pontif and the anat-
icsm of the wicked sect which conspres against his
authority and the liberties of the nation. This is
harsh language, and is not ncOnsistently seconded
by the advance into the States of the Church Of IN
army of so 900 men.
We have not scrupled to avow the opinion that
motives which urge the King of Sardinia to invade
the territory of a neighbor with whom he is nOmi-
nally at peace, and whom he has already stripped
of half of his dOminions, are not wholly, or even
principally, those which his declaration puts for
ward; and yet we do not scruple to say that we
heartily wish the King success. For this have
many reasons. In the present condition ofSouth-
ern and Northern Italy it is quite impossible to
prevent people outraged and trampled upon like
the subjects of the Pope from rising in premature,
and, if their strength alone be considered, in
hopeless insurrectiOn. At FoSsombrone the nsur-
rectiOn has been put down by force, and the tele-
graph informs us of what we can well believe
that scenes similar to those of Perugia have been
enacted. The war began between the Pope and
his subjects before the Piedmontese crossed the
frontier, and well know how the soldiers of the
Cross make war. We do not wish to see Lamori-
ciere and his CondOtieri carrying fire, slaughter
and violation through the dOminions of the Pope,
and justfyng the rule of the Vicegerent of heaven
by deeds which hell itself might blush to look upon
This band of mercenaries is a menace and an in
suit to the rest of Italy. 1t has been called into
stence for other purpose than to oppress the
subjects of the Pope, and to put down by armed
force the rising revolutions and we do not see that
the Powers against which this army has been levied
are bound to wait till suitable opportunity pre-
sens itself for the Free Companions, satiated with
slaughter and rapine in the States of the Church
to exercise their trade at the expense of Tuscany
the Legations. Then there is the intolerabe op
preston of the POpe'S government The best proc
of that oppression is the fact that the Pope dare
trust his subjects with arms, but places him
self, like Dionysus of Syracuse in the hands O
foreign mercenaries. The spectacle of a people
kept down by such means is an outrage on the
civilization of the age, and danger and menace
for all the rest of Italy.
Till some government be established in the cen
tire of Italy which can be maintained without ter
thousand French troops to garrison TIE capital
aud five and twenty thousand foreign mercenarie
to sack insurgent towns, it is in vain to hope to
peace We freely admit that nothing but the ex
tremity of the evil could Justify the step which
Sardinia has taken, but think that step is justi
fed. The evil would not cure itself. The locust
would not depart while blade OF grass remained
for them to devour, and the mercenaries would re
main while wealth, beauty and revenge for tn
hatred in which they are held by the people ha
still temptations to offer. For all these reasons W
think the King of Sardinia is entitled to the sym
pathy of Englishmen in the war in which he ha
engaged. We wish him cordial success, and tha
his success may be rapid as well as decisive.
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