New-York daily tribune. [volume] (New-York [N.Y.]) 1842-1866, 1860-08-10
GEOGRAPHICAL.

10 Lord wrotesley which read at the rcceat uses
ing Il the Brii-b Association at Oxford on the sub
ec, OF Antafic Expeditions His plan Is II send out
from Melbourne from which the Arctic coutioeot osu
lie reached IL fortnghts steaming preparatory OK
petition to seek o1t along the coast the most available
place TO seve ~ point of departure for overland or
over ice parties The next season this Is 10 BE- folio
by 81 expedition properly fitted ont for one or two
years research which, ing the ICY and mountains
GUS barriers tbas shuts out tbeiDteor shallavesgss
tte character Of the eight Millions az uokno squa .
miles surrounding the southern pole. Commandss
Marry adduces many scientific facts and dedustioas
going to prove that comparatively mode tempera-
tore prevails In the heart of this unvsted continent.
He thnks the circumstances which favor the exis'eoes
Of an open sea ct the North Pole not 50 sTcng aud
direct az the proofs and Indications Of q mild polar
climate in the An'artic regions. And be says that Ia
view Of these indca ions, we may fancy beyond the
marginal mountain ranges of the coast "a rsiDI4ss
region ss in Per1-a region of clear skies aud mild
climates" He promises to do an in his 20 wer tn pro-
note tie sailing Of South Polar exploring expedition
from the United States.
--Councillor Juboff, one of the most able OF the
Russian suptrintendeuts Of saline works has jast dis
covered very large and important salt dspost on tho
noF EN- shore of the Caspian. 1t yields 80 per cent cf
pure SALT the remaining per ceut being chiefly sand.
The depot appaJ emily Of great Depth and Is covered
Only by thin arepaceous layer which Il easily peoe-
ta'ed. The locality Of this discovery 10 close TO the
coat, near the Village Of Jandka, and some what to
the south Of the well known salt market of Bs.i The
value Of the deposit the fishermen OF that part
of the Capsn scarcely be over-estim s,ed for al
the sait employed In the extensive fisheries along tho
coat has hitherto been brought to Bass from die.
lance of 60 wersts.
"A Victoria journal states that one of the most val
usbe aurerous regions of that Colony owes its disOov.
e,y TO the Chinese. A party Of these O,ieptals, 70
avoid the emigration tax, smugeled themselves o.
shore in Guichen Bay in the province Of nth Aus
traia and crossing the borders into Victoria marched
toward the Grsmpians to the neishborhood of Mount
Aysrst Here while seeking for roots TO eat, party
Of them came upon the celebrated Chicamsn Hole
cut of which 10 less than 900 ounces were takea
within few hOurs. In few weeks af,er the 90.
nouncement Of this discovery lees than 60 900 men
we're living in the new diggngs. II is believed that
'bi gold region stretches from Aarat to Avoca-a dis
lance Of GO miles.
"A gentleman long resident in South America states
bst there danger that the supplies Of that very
useful medical drug Peruvian bark and the still moro
Useful supbste of outline obtained from IT, may coon
be exhausted. The. cinchona thu tree which yields
the bark grows az great hight on the slopes Of tho
Andes in various localities from Bolivar 10 Ne~Gran-
ada. In the latter country it is fcund on tn, central
branch Of the COrdlera, and the two bet varieties
have hitherto bsen those Of Pitayo and Fsnsssmgs,
two New -Granadan alpine districts: But these arc
already exhausted and both in this country and Ea-
", a id 1no,
bark which was at first totally liable, lie used
to very great extent The price Of the best mporta.
tons in tie London market has gone up, within q
very few year,, from 10 per pound to 2I6 and 81,
while the Almagusr, for long time refused by the
dealers, is now readily purchssed at IA. single
tree yields from ten to forty arrobss and it s cslcu.
lated that it will take at least City years for the shoots
Of the DID, destroyed tree to attsio mddlng size.
The supplies from Bolivia however contioue to main
tain the highest rank both in regard to quantity and
TO quality.
The active and energetic Livingstone, 10 stter to
an English friend, under date of Nov. A. 1859, mus
describes the course of that great stream which be has
opened to and civilization: The river Shire
has lie source in the green waters If the great Lake
Nysssa (la' lao 80 S., lon. $50 80 E.. Ii flows
serepely in a soutberly direction, Q fine nsvigsb0
stream from so to 100 yards in br adth, expanding,
come 10 Is miles from Nyasa, into beautiful lake.
let with welldefned water horizon and perhaps Ave
or Fix miles wide; then mar owing again. it moves
quietly about 40 miles, till it reaches Murcb,on's
Gaia scrs. After a turbulent Of 30 miles, II
smergss from the cataracs peaceful river capable Of
carry large steamer through the rem aiming liz
miles Of its deep chsnre and joins the Zamhes in Lat.
lie AZ s.. 100 miles from the confluence of that river
he kha
Valley of the Shire is bonded by hills aud mountains,
where delightful climate exists and abundance Of
wster lie found. In this letter the celebrated Afian
EXP lorer reterates at length and 10 the strongest
terms his former expressions concerning ;he cotton
growing capabilities of the whole region. He declares
that not only are the so and china equal those Of
the Southern United Stres, bur that tbs cultivation OF
tie plant will be carried on with much less difficulty
THAI in this country. the character Of the natives
to differ greatly from that Of ether Africans as
does The district they inbabt from the sterile regions
which surround it. Livingstone predicts easy and
rapid civilization Of the whole country.
-Golubew, a Russian traveller, made, during 1889,
al excursion to the Mongoan territory liog between
Thian-Schsn, Alatan and Balkasch, and the Chinese
province of Iii and Tsrbsgasi, which was first made
known TO the European world by the explorations OF
Semenow. The point fur,hest from the Siberian nits
attained by Golubew was the Buddhist monastery OF
Stumble branch of the Teke In latitude 70' f. from
Paris. No European has before penetrated so far for
Seme o reached in the valley Of the Teke only 7S'
80 f. L. Gonbew's measurements are OF considerable
interest. He fixes the hight of the Issyk-Ku at 5ooo
feet.
"A late census makes the population OF Chill to be
40 100 on ipcreas 40 In ten wears of 355 $40. Over