Nashville union and American. [volume] (Nashville, Tenn.) 1853-1862, 1860-10-18

warmer more genial and more fertile region and
such has been he fact and when that was the case,
that there would be men upon the border, and all
along the underground railroads, which they seemed
to anticipate would be supplied and therefore they
put in the Constitution that all fugitives from labor
from the Southern States should be given up, and
made it imperative upon the government to pass |
law for the reclamation of fugves into those States
upon the States themselves that in good faith to the
compact they should aid in executing the laws, and
should give up these slaves. There provision 3
then for the safety on top of the provision for the
increase and spread of the institution. But its pro
tsction was also provided for in a particular FORM
when they gave representation IN power as the pro
tecting power OF the government 1t is not the
power the legislative power 1t Is gwen
to the government for the purpose of carrying out
the great aims of government, which are three-the
protection OF life. liberty, and property Now men,
fathers increased the slavehOdlng power OF re-
presentation above the power OF the teer sectlohs
the white sectiOns-and by the COnsuiutluh re-
presentation was given to the slaYeholdlig STATES
not only lor the white members that are IN our
midst as you have it, but also for TIN ee 1fts OF tielr
population. Although this slave population are net
persons in one State. but property tiiey
cannot vote-athOugh they are not cltiZens-let,
under cur form of government Our 1atiers gave 70
their owners a addiuOnal representation OF three
ffths And, not only that but then they were Ie-
cogniLed as property for the purposes OF taxation,
and under the Constitution direct taxes are to be
apDortOned among the States according TO their
federal numbers in which slaves are TO be counted
they are Represented and taxation Is imposed upon
the States that this property in the proportion
of thFee-ifths OF their population Here, then, Is
the foundation of increase in the slave population
one fifth added to its numbers. Here then, is also
safety given the holding of slaves TO the extent Of
protection by representation and ackno Tledgment
of slaves property when the government chooses
to draw revenue from them. Here Is the great con-
sttutonal equality under which the South has pros
pered under which you my countrymen, in con-
junction with the South have derived large degree
OF prosperity. Let look at it. 1t Is said by these
higaer-aw statesmen spectators, and philosophers
that the South has not prospered owing TO this insti
tuition, and they undertake to compare the South
with the North IN an invidiOus manner. | meet
these gentlemen with the facts. make invidious
comparison. am rejOlced and happy that the North
ern States are a great, prosperous, and happy
people rejoice in the fact, also, that my
trymen are not devoid of prosperity, happiness and
honor, and all the elements of true and great man.
hood. (Applause.) When the Revolutionary war
commenced the best estimate we have of our rela-
tive population that the SOutEa had $4,000
whites and $50 900 slaves; that the North had 9O0
600 whites and A 600 slaves. How Is 1t now. Ac-
cording to the best estimate, which gentlemen ac-
customed TO these matters make, there Is now. IN
these northern States eighteen millions of whites and
four millions of blacks. Now, this would seem to
show that the white population north should have
progressed in the ratiO-that IS about ten
fold, only the North is not quite up to the South in
the increase of population. And yet in the Northern
States. you will allow to say, gentlemen, you
have had the benefit of four millions of foreigners
who have settled in your midst The natural in
crease of the Southern people surpasses, according
to the census. the natural increase of the Northern
people and the natural increase of slaves is equal
TO the natural increase of masters and owners. \
most remarkable fact is, that although ours is
sickly country, where exposure to the heat is at
tended with great hazard to life, and the master IS
protected by all the guards which civilization,
wealth. luxury and want of manual labor give them,
yet this black population undergoing all hazards of
life and labor, and all the privatOns that Incl
dent to-wherc labOrng classes have kept pace with
those who are much more easy, happy and content
ed in circumstances. 1t proves this-the
does-that are a well-reguated people in the
South that our institution is weregulated that the
slaves are not treated with tyranny and despOtism,
although you ind there are men in our communities
whole deal hardly with those by the sweat of whose
brow they increase their wealth. That is here
| have no doubt-(applause)-to 10 greater extent
than IN the South butfUlly to equal extent. These
facts about the are matters that cannot be
denied. They stare in the face Properly locat-
ed figures. they say. cannot lie though admit they
arranged to have the effect OF a lie.
| daughter. Not only do we show by the census
increase of prosperity in that particular and the
| happiness and regulation OF these people under
| good police but our industry will compare with
| your industry. You are a peculiarly Industrious
| people. You pride yourselves upon Thrift, upon
economy, upon not wasting the power God has CIV
beauutyng your homes and places OF business, and
upon aCcumulating unto yourselves much wealth
| Now, then how is il with our industry? Look at
the imports and exports of lS49. and also for this
year. have IN my hand statistics, taken from pub
lie documents which show the industry of the two
scctions-that is the surplus we can do without and
that have TO export Now. the wealth Of nations.
generally speaking is judged of by the amount of sur
| plus produce II supplies to the world How Is II
with The South and North? There was exported dur
iY,fr tbp las
this amount there S57 600 600 in specie. leav
ing the result OF the produce OF the country. OF
the actual labor OF the country SIS 1872 0JO That
was for the year ending June. 1853. Now. of This
amount of industrial produce that abrOai
to the world furnished by country how much OF
it came from the Gesplsed sltyeh0lding section.
where Is said labor has not fair reward b. cause
il has the curse OF God upon It; where Is said
owing 10 this peculiar institution, everything / de
mOTalIZeC. the white nan and the black man. and In
Dor DOES bring legitimate resu IT, Let the spec
ulatOrs and philosophers to ste tv>i OF
al figures in rtlat 10 the matter We md thai OF
this vast amount OF produce the North exported
clusivey 10 the amJUnt of 55.20OOJO; S44G2UJD OF
this from the fisheries; SU53 900 IL coal: aal
SlGi.OO0 in ice. These the exclusive results Dt
your industry. tar these tables show them
But there was exported from the free and slave
States that year-the proportion cannot be traced
to each State. tor these articles common to free
and slave States-the amount OF Ss7.4l7O0O. Grain.
for instance is common to Virginia. North Carolina.
Kentucky. Missouri. Tennessee as we'll Ohio, In
diana and Illinois. 80 with mules. \ vast amount
of our exports common TO both sections amount
ing to eighty-tOur million. 1t is deemed far cal
cuatiOn that the North has two-hirds of the amount
and the South one-tlrd. The exclusive product OF
the South was SlSS 693.496, which can be summed
up follows:
Cotton $IGI434923; tobacco S2IO7403S; rosin
and turpentine S3554,4l6; rice, 81 2O7I4S tar and
pitch, Sl4lO5S; brown sugar, Sl96 935; mOlasses,
$1,000; hemp. S9,27g.
We have been told by certain gentlemen at the
South that hemp still grows. am sorry that there
is not more Of it now. (Laughter) Now. then,
what is the result of these figures? They show YOU
that the South for the fiscal year ending the last of
June, 1859, exported S2l7 100000, and the North
exported only about $6l,O00.O0O exclusive of the
specie from California Put that in and it gives to
the North something like Sll0000,000 or Sll2,0OO,
O0O to S2l7 OOO,0O0; in other words, the South has
nearly double. (Applause.) Now, say your spec
uative theorists your wild political philosophers
had better study these practical lessons in relation
to the industry of the two sections, before they
abuse my section. do not bring forward these fl
for any invidiOus purpose In the present
year the result is more largely in favor Of the South
because we increased our cotton export thirty-Our
millions, making the cotton crop 1875 millions this
year. 1t will be found that it is not isolated in
stance in which it happens to be 80, but in fact it is
less than the present year, when the cotton crop
larger than the year before. No matter how
these things may vary, the result will show that the
duced much more than the North can make, exclus.
i've of the specie which she gather from Cali
fornia.
This then, proves that this institution is valuable,
not only to the South, but valuable to you. The
prosperity which we have derived from the gradual
and proper working Of this institution is prOsperi-
ty which you legitimately share. Your talent for
business, your sagacity, your thrift your economy,
your hardihoOd in the pursuits of life, all entitle
you to what you make off this wealth of the South
crn States You live here in colder climate than
we do. Your nerves are braced stronger than our !
own. The white man can endure more here than |
in the South. This is a laborIng community-a vast
working community. The merchant millionaire in |
his counting-rOOm works hard his clerk to |
whom he gives salary of $1,000 year. The me-
chauc the artisan, the agrculturIst all labor, and
they make money by it. Money Is made at the |
South by taking our produce and carrying it from |
our ports to your own, and by carrying it abroad.
You are the interchangers of the produce; YOU are
the factors of the world. Commerce has its seat
here in this grand magnificent, large-headed and
large hearted city of New York II takes the pro-
duets of the country and distributes two-thirds of
them, probably, through this port
The prosperity of the whole country depends up
on your coasting trade. The South ask want
you to understand-trOm this government nothing
except this: let nobody steal our negroes lApplause
Enlarge your jails, your penitentiaries; increase
your police force: but keep your irrepressbe con
tlicti from stealing on negroes lApplause.J Is
there anything unreasonable in that lCrles OF