The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1860-09-05


soeuuly regard and trsAl the dnean Tsrs~rs
= INDEPENDENT naSso~, and 70 interfere in thsr
government or civil sy, BY actually prodacaDg state
OF dfsfcton and revolt. aud then stepping ~ as meal
aor che succeeded In 1888 M annexipg tbs Crmea me
COMMISSION II this hignhanded robbery naturally pro-
duoed great Indignation among the otomaes and re-
had 70 another treaty which suspended sos
tp'tes for while BIT Austria and Russia combined IN
usking renewed aggress,ous The pocy OF Russia was
staoiy puNued and nsurrectious the
Before the broke Ia 1857 Catherine sent mani
eetS 70 all parts OF Greece inviting the Inhabitants 10
take up arms an co operate with her IN expe tne
enemies of Christianity from the countries they had
and regainrg for ths Greeks their ancient hoe
" and INDEPENDENCE" so well did these Efforts slcoc
that In 1880 general deputaon VI the Greeks VS. sent
W ~ Petersburg Ito mplore III. Of the mast mag
Of eovereigus and To beseech that she wvua
give 10 the Greeks tor sovereign her grandson
tine" TIM address Rrsciousy received ny the EN-
press promised them Tn. assistance which they re-
queseo They then conducted To the apartments OF
her grandson, where they paid homage 10 the 5iand
Duke Constantine and saluted him as Emperor Of the
Greeks.
DrsGs or cArHAsu H.
The fury Of this stopped by the circumstances
Prussia and England The threat of English feet in
the Baltic induced Catherine poe tpope her project Of
placing her grandson Constantine the throne OF Con
slan,ipope, and the treaty of Jassy was concluded.
doubtless give breathing time for attacks on the
part q Russia But prevented the Empress from
executing her pas sheD every thing seemed rpening
fl the nation 80 ardent, tesired Que oil the
PRINCIPAL Of thi. treaty 70 make Turkey grant
the dominion Of the CaucasiaD and Georgian PROVINCES
TO Russia
ID 1906 the Gar owing 10 Of affairs in Europe
Russia being about TO join England AMI Austria against
Na1oleou). demanded at Turkey should enter nto an
onclsive defensive alliance with Russia, and more
that all the subjects OF the Sultan who prolesed the
faith Of the Greek church should thence forth be con-
sdersd under the proectono of the Emperor of Russia
While tee demands we're pressed upon them, wnicn
would have made the Sultan vassal OF Russia the
French pers Iaded the Porte 10 violation Of their pledge
given in 1902 70 Russia 70 depose the Hospodars Of Wal
isshs and Mdavs, without consulting Russia Without
any warning the Russians invaded these Prncipates,
peipg the Turks 70 declave var which was termi-
mated III 1912 by the treaty Of Bucharest Q
This treaty restored the two Principates 70 Turkey
and gene rally confirmed the former treaties tempo
rary Of France induced Russia conclude this treaty
and the ambiguity OF IL terms sush ~ would AZ
ford Russia pretsxt for Intervention future OCCASION
oPr9KD TURKEY.
Russias diplomacy neat directed TO oounterac4ng
the military reforms OF Aahmoud, which seemed To de-
mand prompt hostities lest the renovation Of the Otto
empire should Illustrate her designs On his
sion the throne Nicholas renewed the policy Of sup
porting the Christians Of the Greek church against their
time of bs predecessor aud the sultan owing " the IN
prepared state OF the country ~ that crisis Was obliged
70 the demands sos rnsn we're ts .rs
~ conferred still greater privileges the Prncipalties
and serva, greatly reducing the Ottoman supremacy
over them
WAR AND yRxArT OF ApsIASoPLE
The Sultan again provoked 70 declare war, be-
Russia would not give up the atic ortcsses 90
cordng to treaty stipulstIons This most disas
Turkey account Of the unorgaoized condition
OF the army Since the Of the Janssa
res IL bad been composed OF young men, little trained In
Notw outstanding IL very great reduction, the Russian
army owing ~ the pa,inc oiicy OF s General Debih,
protecting both Christian aad AosIem population along
the route enabled N advance tar Adrtanopl.
There WAS Of course great panic ~ the capital ~ was
that the Russian army consisted u least Of sixty
thousand The Flu Ambassadors, together
with the sultsns Minister'S all urged MAhmoud
the empire destruction ny negotiang any
terms Much against his own judgement the Sultan con-
tan Nahmoud's hrmncss failed him for time when he
pgped treaty, which be had still "
greet when he learned that the invading army scarcely
numbered thirteen thousand b. TINS treaty Russia
obtained the sovereignty part OF the Lover Daoupe
10 that she could control that river. mere nominal
sovereignty was allowed 70 the Porte over the Prncpa
ties, the nardsnees 10 be open 10 Russian
Is 900 900 sterling o. be paid 70 the Russian
for the expenses Of the war; Greece vas 10
The uniaSorshIe foosing upoo which the Turkish Gun
pre stooo IT the conclusion 81 this treaty excited the
syria and ASIA Minor, seemed really pounos Inn
sian ,inope ts In this emergency the aid Of England
The means OF snpoyng The needed ass,sance qua Rass
the 9i ana had her ships and her soldiers
pressed wrh for her protection she landed II 600 sol
ders al the foot OF the Giants tam, ON the Aistc
sice OF the Bspborus hahmoud thus rd Of his enc
friends TO 90 home, be had 70 sign, In 1883,
the treaty OF Hupkisrlsk rlessy, BY wh,ca
be was bound an Offensive ana defensive alliance
Russa. and when the Gar chose " demand IL, 10 cse
ne Straits IL the Iardanrles against The armed vessels
Of all other foreign Powers tre-h Disturbances broke
out again 10 1889, because Mohsmmed ALI refused N
comply with the conditions imposrd upon him.
nAHnocp AcCnslos .rl- xsnTp.
But Mshmoud whose whole object the regeneration
Of bis empire being thus bsfed by constant oregn az
essiors and internal dssensioas could M longev rcs
the anxiety and toll which undermining hts oousti
tuition; be died the LIST Of July, 1sse, and
ceeded by his son, Ab dal- Mcdd. who was only seven
teen years Of age.
Russia was prevented taking advantage Of the youth Of
the present sultan Turkey now sustained By
the European Powers. and the Ministers Of the Porte
adroty avoided any occasion for ousorcak TN 1870,
when AFTER the Hungarian VI Independence, the Sui
extended hts hospitality IN many Magyar chicfs who
had escaped into Turkey. from which county Russia ant
Austria demanded their extradi,'on 90 expukon upoa
the refusal of the Sultan to comply With these terms
diplomatic relations Suspended, AMI se~m-d
eviiabe But the appearance 81 the English neet u shs
hos,ilitIes and the matter VS. ocmprowiscd sy Il
lowing the HupRnrians 70 take refuge In America
Russia thus bsties i.d % excite revolt IN me pro
hont~negrips she alc TOOK advantage a The nserpns
II France IN behalf Of her Catholic suhjecss IN The
church. Russs renewed her old demand Of prosssorase
Of ,be turksh subjects belonging 70 Toe Grssk Church.
and the time, according ~ the policy q Posa
ktn, that TURKEY coad not be conquered without the
acque~cence Of sngland," nee~satons instituted
through SIR Hsmllsoo s~y The Emprvor himself du
ring his vv 10 England In 1sxt, having arrsdy broaoh
I'd the SUBJECT IN tbs Irks OF Wellington The sultan u
course having Refused ~ make thirteen mious u
hs subjects 90 Nicholas declared.
From the foregoing historical sketch, 10 viii b. psv.
ceved that Rms has swerved frvm The pnlicy Of
Peter the Grvaf 70 dtsmcmber the Turkish empire by
~ NJ Christian suhjecs, and ultimately poses
wlns. ~ Catherine bowted, 70 Ind
there capital for her empire Al the Western Pow
ers we're W drive her from - fetcrrburgn
Such, then being the policy Of Russia, IL remains 70 BE-
snnsidercd whether Europe wlIl the rsalin
tion 81 her "Oriensal project"
early lTss Oliver Golismith cadcavored % dir
play 10 hgland tho rising power and ambition Of RusA
He sayss-
al avoid bcholdne the Russian empire the M
turA enems Of the more western parn II Europe; -
enemy posse SEED Of great strength, md frou ths
nature Of the government, every day thrcateuing n
become more powerful This @xteosive empire, which
b N Europe and Asia occupies almost third ~ shs
Old world about swo centuries ago, dvifed into
psrafe knGdoDs and dukedos and from such division
consequently veal since the tlmr, however 81 Joha0
fnetltuce n has and and