The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1860-08-07

there with hunireds Of lakes, which abound
equally in the lowest grounds s,d upon the summit Of tho
highest hills Traditions have always existed that hun
dreds Of years before Oolunbus with his imsy barks
and ragamun crews, Tracked his way by the stars across
unknown seas 10 this continent, adventurous Nor
wegans had anticipated his splendid discoveries by re-
peaed voy ages m Iceland aSd Greenland 70 the coast
america itsef but not settling there, because attract
Cd BY SUMMER Normudy These traditions are substan-
tated by obscure hints scattered throughout the national
ep'cs OF the Norwegans The songs OF Scald and the
scarcely less my tbical histories OF Asam Bremen. The
mnuiie of detail however, In of these half forgot
ten narratives, and the statements OF geographical
and astronomical character with which they anchor
ed fast 70 the confines Of sober fact attracted the aten
tion Of Humboldt, whose mind, Ike Cosmos seemed to
embrace all departments Of knowledge and research and
at whose instance the Royal Society Of Sorthe I'm Anti
results Of their hbors in series of papers published in
the London Geographical Journal for 1885, From these
been early crossed by these adventurous voyagcrs,
drst by accident aud then By design; and that
by them Newfoundland and other portions of
this continent were not only discovered, but
repeatedly visited. Combining ourselves TO that
portion Of this statement referring 70 Newfoundland,
Is narrated that Heruf Bardsop follower OF the Nor
weeisn Viking, Eric tho Red, cmigrated in 96S from
Iceland 10 Greenland, where he made settlement Bard
sons SON. Baine, was absent in Norway at the time OF
his fathers removal and upon his return 10 Iceland
solved TO reoin his father and accordingly sail with
out any knowledge whstever of the seas he TO ira
and fogs, and after many days sailing he knew not
whittier he had been carried When the sky again
cleared cleared Biarne and his hardy crew were glad.
wood, with no mountains, but with many gentle
elevations. As this laud did not correspond with
their description OF Greenland, they pushed on made
another LAND, lat overgrown with trees coasted an
slahd mountainous and covered with cebergs and at
last after four days sailing from this last hand, with
rtsh steady gales, Barne reached Greenland and found
bis fathers settlement Ten years after, Barpc related
these adventures to Eric, Norway, whose son. Left
islands already mentioned, and proceeding farther on,
came 10 land Astounding in grapes, where he stayed
during the winter, and which he called vnand. This
uno crstood to have been Newfoundland and the grapes
supposed to have been the blue whoreberres which
cover the hin sides THIS visit TO vnland repeated
by Thorwald the brother of Left who killed there in
an encounter with the Skroelgcrs or Esqumaux and BY
horaun, person Of ustrious Irish descent, who met
with no noteworthy adventure and returned in safety
These arc some OF the statements In regard TO the carly
discovery of Newfoundland which have been collected
dom the half mag native variations Of Scandinavian
poets and hardened into something like substantial fact
by the droppngs Of the Midnight oil Of Industrious anti
quarians Treadng upon the more solid ground Of his
tory, however, and leaving this .made land' Of the
scholar, we IND that all Europe Was excited by the
magnificent discoveries Of that great Genoese whose
history would fail to draw tears from tho coolest
eyes 4 II were not that be seems removed above our
nRs and wrongs, his triumphs and rewards those
OF ancient demgodstoo great 70 be wep. with Every
maritime nation was arousod and all Europe ships
spread their sails ike BIRDS Of prey, in the direction OF
this new spol--the Western World Italians held the
helms Of almost all these craft, and monopozed the Ame
rcan discoveries In England just at the close Of the War
Of the Poses when the throne Of Henry the Seventh had
been strengthened by the civil war; which killed or
with most of the arstocra all of the foremost aspIrants
for the crown the Venetian brothers abota then rcsd
Ing at Bristol offered their services 10 the king to explore
the Northern ocean and find passage 10 India THIS
oner was accepted the expedition set OUT and the 10th
OF June, 1897, Sebastian Gabota, Cabot his
name anglicised, discovered Newfoundland,
three Of the natives Of The stand These aborsnos wero
DOT from the conformation Of their skulls descendants OF
the Mortimer who ha visited the Island but true
native Americans. OF the pure Monaghan race. They
called themselves beoths, and were literally rcd
men, for they painted themselves with
sort Of crimson ochre, since found in large
quantities at an island in the mouth Of Exploits river
They dressed in skins lived by hunting and Gshing
the bow, arrows and spear, and, from carved head
They lived in wgwams, had bark canoes, buried their
dead wrapped 10 SKINS and with models OF canoes,
and culinary utensils used shoes aud in these and
mnny other respects precisely similar in
and habits 10 the majority Of the tribes OF North
American Indians Tho cruelty Of the white setlcss the
neglect Of the Flgsh government 10 protect them, and
the fcns IN which they became involved with tine Mic
and most hos lie trbosoon proved fatal 10
the Booths, and they were long since sxtermi-
mated. What Efforts the government and various soce
ties Of benevolent individuals did at length make for
their aid and support came too late and civilization,
~ ing In either hand death and life, brought, as usual
only destruction 10 those whom il should hare most benc
lifted. society formed in 1927 TO search for any
Of the tribe which might still remain, and In
ans have been frequently employed ny government for
the purposes but deserted huts, fragments Of
and crmbDe canoes were the only tokens discovered
of Their once having existed DR. MDllock states how
nver that De has 10 believe, from the Of
person of his Acquaintance that few Of the tribe st
rxist IN labrador, avoiding equally the sight Of Eu-
ropenns and other Indians
Cabot was rewarded by the munifoent gin of
Ten pounds sterling for the discovery Of Newfoundland
md then for time the English to have forgot
the existence OF the island altogether In l502 how
ever the Portuguese, Bscay,us and French established
hebery the Cost aud in 1872 English captain writes
10 Henry the Eighth that in the port Of ST. Johns alone
be found eleven ships from Normandy and three from
Brittany engaged the cod fishery THIS TO have
the English, FOR In 1910 nd the ports of
don Bddeford BrDstahe and Bristol prosecuting quite
extensive fisheries Ia 1855 Sir Humphrey Gilbert who
~as accompanied by Sir Walter Raleigh; took pos
beth, and from this time repeated attempts
we're made 10 cooniye tho island. The rst OF these was
braied Sir Francis Bacon but this unsuccessful
hen, four years later, ar George Calvert, altor
ward. lord baltimore, whose grant embraced ali the pc
1lnsua Of Avalon, upon which - Johns Is situated and
al expended many thousand dollars upon the settle ncnt,
1Ut removed to fertile Maryland and founded
he city OF Baltimore. Meanwhile the French had founded
he city II Pacontia, the western side OF the 20
lssGa, and Dad strongly fortified Il. tnl163 per-
nanont buildings were erected the scitlers returning
homo after tho shlng and this 81 course
really delayed the progress VI tho colony. Even up ~
lac year 1870, this policy Of residence attempted
Sporneii Governor N'ibanI saysaMr. oDouncI' must
that il "a hot The interest Of Great Britain ~
courage people TO winter In Newfoundland" The most
rbiiTary cnacimeDis enforced the ruinous policy the
esidcDts not being allowed 10 cultivate the soil plant
wen cabbage, lest thcy should be woanod from the
lshorics During all this time religious prosecutions OF
frcrch and EnglEh-sCttec al last by the treaty Of
trecht, in Ina, which gave the French "li5crty 10
atch fish, certain coasts--the neglect and
nc destructive policy Of the home govern.
nept, the tyranny OF the fishermen admras,
Hho had almost supreme power ia the absence Of any
and committed the most hciuous inustcc- either
through ignorance vice; all these, and thousaad
hcr causes, distracted thc.coouy. and made this the
darkest period o. Newlour dands history. ougth, IN
s2s. the lrsi 6overn0r OF The ISLAND. Captain ~
,crne In 1888 Court q oyer and Tcrrnner arp
oinied; Court Of Common Pleas followed In f7so aud
1872 The supreme Court established and the eolouy
cran ~ right itself In 1891 that greatest power for
Dc6, The right hand of rrCgrcss-a ncvspafsr-wes
established. and Newfoundland which almost up 10 this
cry and until succored by these mach beries u
utilization, one by one applied, Lad been but
mere sh.nR settlement, with resident Population Of
My about nine thousand persons and epoecd 10 almost
very sorm OF eva PECULIAR to transicns and irresponsi
e society. began 20 be really colony and 70
importance. In 1876, under the administration OF
n Thomas CochraDe, the father o. New oundiand, n-
ortant reforms IN The Judiciary introduced, roafs
ere laid ont, education encouraged, and cultivation
luch EXTENDED In lisa representative Assembly was
raricd 10 The colony ard finally in 1865. under tho pre-
iicrbp ~ Secretary, Justice, Little, Newfoundland
cnine self rovcrnDg with Governor appointed every
years By the Crown, but with ali iis other officers
I'd hy ho