Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1860-12-08
SECESSION No. VII.

AREAsoN, WHOSE PENALrY 10 DEATh.N - Il
To the People of ths Sosfk.
The unprejudiced reader cannot, ! think, fdl
to be satisfied that our Constitution is the worn
Of the people Of all the States and just a much
in effect though not in form q compact between
all ths people efaH the States as the conss:tutisn
Of State 10 a compact between the people Of that
State. But whatever 1t may be In Its origin. IN
its operations &c ignores the States altogether.
By 10 legislative, executive and judicial Po~sss
u acts directly o. srs,y citizen Of every State a.
efsctually a. IL no STATE government existed. ~
Those who have been for years endeavoring by
their teachfngs 70 smcoen 0e ny fos dsseiu--
ton Of the Union have specially denounced the
idea that the General Government should think Of
maintaining is authority or existence by eosreisg
States. Whofhreatens 70 eosrcs States !" The
States are not cltizens OF subjects or the United
States. The laws Of the United States are not
made for States, but for citizens. Of the Unitsd
states, regardless Of the other bodies polite OF
which those citizens may De members. citzen
OF the United States does not cease to be citizen
even by becoming member OF State Legisa.
ture, Judge, Governor OF State, or even
member Of q State Convention. IL the Governor
Of State were to be detected In robbing the mails
or the coin OF the United States, he
Is punishable In the same manner an the humblest
citizen nor could any act Of the STATE through
convention or otherwise, screen him from punish
ment. The Constitution and the laws Of the Uni
ted States enacted are the supreme
law Of the land" and the citizen owes obedience
10 them from which be cannot be relieved by
State authority Can State, by legislation, reso-
luton, judicial decision, or any other device,
pardon the mail robbsr' II she attempt to do 20,
by the resolutions Of q Convention or otherwise,
and ted IN ntab HIM mt
withstanding, Is that eosreiHs State!
Every Government which deserves the name 10
Government Of coercion. To give that charac-
ter to the Government Of the United States was
the leading object OF Washington and his COM
patriots In framing our present constitution For
this Ii was clothed with leg islative judicial and
| executive powers, and with means to execute
| them. To make these means effective, 1t express
ly places the Constitution and laws Of the Cnited
States, constitutonally enacted, beyond the reach
| Of State authority
Treason has among all nations been considered
/ a crime Of the high. st enormity. That crime 10
defined by the Constitution to be " levying war
| against the United states or giving aid and CON-
fort to their enemies }" and the laws Of the ted
States prescribe death as the penalty. Now, can
any State interpose to screen traitor from punish
| Inent any more than a mail robber, when con-
| victed under the "supreme law Of the land ,''
And is the punishment Of traitor to be denounced
as the coercion ola State'
The truth is, that whatever the Convention OF
South Carolina may resolve, she cannot release her
citizens from their aAegianes the United States
Amy ordinance Of her Convention purporting to dc
o,wil be absolutely null and void and all her citi
zens will still be citizens Of the United States In
itself 1t will not be treason, because 1t would moi
II k,.g k%bo
/ the General Government would not be bound t.
take any notice Of 1t. But If any citizen Of South
| Carolina, acting under the pretended authority o.
convention or the Legislature, shall be found
"levying war against the United States he viii
be guilty Of treason, and incur the penalty o
death
What 1t may become the duty Of the Genera
Government to do, should the political leaders o
South Carolina delude her people into the crim
OF treason under the prete1t that a State Conven
ton can release them from their allegiance to tn
United S@tes, IL Is not my province to anticipate
uy o"Jec' 70 uAsPei oelusioA d. 10 tne pretended
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