The Mountaineer. [volume] (Great Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1859-1861, 1860-03-31

H. u
Therefore, when they meet, they will mutually
destroy each Others motions, and remain
/ az rest 5 SS.a3s szss. IN 745s855.
Thus, ii VIII BE perceived, thai the force 81
gravity Il exhibited ID two ways; namely, BY
pressure and By motion. Both Of these e.
fects are used 70 measure the force When
gravity d measured By pressure. the result is
called weight and 10 represented BY the mum.
1 Der Of ounces. pounds, tons. &c. When IL Is
measured BY motion, the result Il determined
| by the space through which q body moves By
gEavitatfon In given time Newton demon.
strated. BY CAREFUL experimental, thnt every
kind Of matter. near the sntface Of the earth,
falls from q state Of rest, through equal spaces
IN equal times, when The resistance o. the
atmosPhere and other disturbancea arc ne.
moved III s.f;s ::gt Ri
The space through which one body falls from
q state OF rest towards another la one second
| OF time ID the astronomical measure Of crawl
tation. The space Ii usually estimated III inclIes
on feet. Tho space Through which d body falls
from rest In this latitude, Is 10 lsl2 feet or
l93 inches in|one second 3 81
In adopting this measure of the force of
gravity, there are three rules which should Be
we'll understood and carefully observed,
FIRsr RUIE - Ne spdce through ielsIc1 ons bo5v
By prtue " ~ grapiidtl0n nsops tcpaFds another IN
one second does NOT dpeid tpon tke mas Of the for
mar bg u lie SANG tdteptr may BE- ~ piass, Ne
distances are &c snnss:
Thus, the Sun grayitatss towards Jupiter,
and the earth grayitates towards Jupiter aisDt
but though the mass Of the sun ii 3S955I
times greater than the mass Of the earth, yet
1 the gravitation of the former towards jupiter
| Is exactly equal TO the graxitation 81 the
latter towards him, When The Sun and earth
are equally distant from him; in other words,
/ the Sim and earth, when at equal distances
from Jupiter, move through the same number
OF inches or parts 81 inches towards Jupiter In.
1ono second of time. And such must always be
the case. whatever may BE- the differences OF
the masses Of any number Of moving bodies
towards another body s@t s7:s
SEcoNp RuLE, PIE sdcs through ,pkieh 6odGss, III
ikr graridlioa. more topards another n one sseo1d
u proportional q The mass 81 Tie utter tie dis.ness
befreea de former and lalter remain tie sdynf "
Thus, II the mass towards which 4 body
gEayitates IL doubled, quadrupled, Sc, the.
number of inches which the grayitating body
| will pass over In one second, will DO doubted,
lquadrupled. Be Suppose that the Sun and
Jupiter are at equal distances from Saturn;
NJ the Sun contains l04S times more matter
than Jupiter, then Whatever may be the nun
her Of inches through which Saturn may graz:
yitate towards Jupiter il one second Of time, ii
will gTavitate towards the Sun In the same
time l048 times that number Of inches
E4s 40 rAeDeS n ssss1te esefss ~ - gettfs ftss7
tOt1Uttd ZIG UQtBa S1dceG O1ASfQ
over By The former IN 6st second of fine tiH 5e IN
worldly proportional @ dc sfaqrs ef Their distdace,
from ts latter S.sss s ~ Ri
| Thus, II the distance or the surface Of
the earth from its centre Be called /, and
the space passed over by falling body
near the surfare IL sixteen feet In second
Of time, then at twice the distance
from the centre Of the earth. body would
fall one fourth Of sixteen feet in one second.
AT three times the distance, q body would fall
one. ninth OF sixteen feet At four times the
distance une-sixteenth of sixteen feet or one
foot. At sixty times the distance from the
centre Of the earth to its surface, or at the
distance OF the moon, a body would fall In ono.
second, the one thirty-six hundtedth part Of
sixteen, or about one-twentieth part OF
an Inch The Sun, being 400 tines more dis!
tant than the moon. falls towards the earth in
one second, the i+l60. 000th part oil the l.2Oth
OF an inch equal TO the Ia. zoe, O00th pant of an
Inch. While Neptune, being 80 times more
distant than the Sun. falls towards the earth
Ia one second the /. Booth part Of the la. 200
000th Of an inch. which 10 equal to the II $50,
Doc, 000th part cf an inch. f. ...sy.
T. Perhaps this audience may inquire how this
I law Of gravity is known TO: be: true! How Ii
Il known that the force called gravitation
decreased an the square Of the distance
| Increased Who has ascended the heights
of heaven u 10 experiment upon this
forcee Who has observed any phenomena BY
which he could exactly determine the fractions
of an inch through which bodies would fall
towards the earth In one second of time at the
east distances Of the moon, aGn and planetst
i The answer Is, that all mankind, Of every age,
i haro bsheld thu phenomena which include
i the data necessary for the solution Of this
4 grand problem, All have beheld the moon
cifcling itself around the earth, at the distance
of about FAC, 600 miles, or at the distance
Il of GO semi diamaters Of the earth from Its
centre. All might have known that q body
must move in straight line. when once put
in motion. unless detected from that straight
line by some force. All might have known
4 that tue orbit or path of the moon Was curved
towards the earth, being defested every mo
Il lnent from d straight line, called iIs tangent,
Into curved line. l. All might have known.
i by a siEnpla calculation, the exact amount of
i this deviation from the tangent 90 the curve
Il in one second Of time. Yet, Rtrange as il may
i appear, this simple phenomenon, though OBJ:
Il served for thousands Of years, was not eompre:
thended till the immortal Newton, some two
centuries ago, solved the simple problem.
4 We say; simple problem, because IL is now 30
i easily solved; hut in the days Of Newton it
WAS considered the greatest discovery that
Il ever was unfolded 10 the mind of man;
i Thus we see that the same force which
u makes stone fall 1893 inches in one second,
causes the moon to fall $500 times less, during
i the same time II grayitatioR did not vary in
1 its intensity with the distance, then tho moon
would fall with the same velocity as stone near
Etheearth's surface. II the yeiOcities decreased
merely as the distance, then the moon, being 60
semi, diameters Of the earth distant. would fall
GO times slower; but its falling velocity is
/ known to be so times 60, or 5000 times slower
/ being, a. before stated, only about the 1-20th
i of an inch in asccond. 8: