Polynesian. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu], Hawaii) 1844-1864, 1860-04-21
No. 81.
The Orders of Knighthood.

There are In Europe one hundred and TWENTY
four orders of knighthoOd, three in Brazil. two
In Turkey, and one in Persia. MANY countries
nave crosses of an inferior order for special de-
signs, besides great number of medals which are
usually suspended from the button-hole by the
wearer with ribbon appropriate to the particular
grace. vi the latter, those which the Emperor
OF Russia bestOws on some merchants are yery
valuable; Tor, having received one the next re-
celved Is adorned with the initials of the Emperor
IN diamonds. Prussia has six orders of knight
hood and twelve secondary crosses The Grand
Duehy OF Baden, three of the former and two of
the latter; SaxOny three orders of knipbtbooC
Russia, ten; Denmark, two; Sweden. five: Wur.
temburg, three; Bavaria, FIVE; Austria, five for
the empire and four for the Italian provinces
Spain, eleven, besides sixty crosses the Two ST.
cllles, five; the Grand Duchy of Hesse. four; the
Roman States, five and military cross Hanover,
Two Belgium, two, counting the iron cross
SAKE Cohurg Gotha, Saxe-Meinigin, and Saxe-Al-
tenOurg, have one between them Brunswick and
Sake eimar, one each the Netherlands, five
Portugal, SIX; France, one, and military medal
the revolution OF July swept away FIVE orders
the lonlan Isles, Parma, and Lucea, one each
Ureeee, two; Nassau, three; England, four
Inc hrst OF the Prussian orders is the Black
Eagle When Frederick l, while vet prince,
founded 1t, he denominated it the Order of Gen
eroslty and those who obtain it rank as lieutenant
generals The ribbon is of orange color. and the
cross has four blue enamelled branches In Baden
the military order of merit is difficult to obtain
tor II solicited, the decoration is never bestowed
In Russia, the two grand orders are those of st.
Andrew, founded by Peter L. and distributed for
the first time Immediately after the Streilitz mas
sacre, and the order of st. George. The former is
equivalent to lieutenant generals position the
latter Is given only to those who have captured
vessel, battery, a difficult position To obtain
the hrst class 1t Is necessary to have gained bat
| tie, and but two foreigners have had this honor
| wellington and Blueher. The Emperors Alex
ander and Nicholas wore only crosses of the
third class. The order of st. Vladimir is given to
| savans and artists.
| Russia has also dignitees for women. The
order of st. Catharine, over which the Empress
| presdes, was founded by Peter |, to honor his
wlies conduct at the battle of Pruth. The deco
ration Is IN diamonds, suspended by deep crimson
ribbon, with the motto ''For Love and Fatherland"
1t is =" delicious toilette ornament The King
| OF Sweden has the order of Gustavus VaSa for
husbandmen. In England each knight of the
Thistle pays chancery fees to the amount of Sl740;
that OF the Bath, $l4l5; and that of St. Patrick
| 1919 these, with the order of the Garter con-
stitute the English grades of knighthood. There
| Is In Spain an order for ladies-the royal Order
of Queen Maria Louisa, instituted by Charles "
"a cross with eight points, in blue and white
ribbon, always suspended from the neck. Austria
has also an order for the adiesthat of the Starry
Cross-which is on the left side with black
ribbon and Spain has another order for them,
carried in the bracelet but it is reserved for the
| ladies who formed part of the junta of women at
Cadiz in the revolutionary war.
The Emperor Don Pedro has created in Brazil
the Order of the Rose, instituted on the occasion
of his marriage with the Princess Amelia of
Leuchtenberg. Everything pertaining to this order
Is roseate-the ribbon and the six-pointed star
encOmpassed with roses the plate of the great
dlgnitaries represents bouquet of roses; and the
grand cross is worn in chain Of enamelled roses
1t is not, however, an order of galantry, but of
civil and military merit.-BOStOn Transcript.