davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Alleghanian. [volume] (Ebensburg, Pa.) 1859-1865, 1860-04-19

RAIN, RAIN.-We think the "oldest
inhabitant' has no recollection of more
rain falling in the same length of time,
than has fallen for the last ten days. The
streams in this County, particularly those
in the South, we're higher than they have
been known to be for a long time. The
saw-mill of F. K. Herlinger, of Summer
hill, was swept away, together with con-
siderable quantity Of lumber. Other dam
age has no doubt been done to dams
throughout the County.
The Alleghanian. [volume] (Ebensburg, Pa.) 1859-1865, 1860-04-19

The Express trains carry the mails, ant
according to the above arrangement, We
will have our mails at separate times, in
stead of together, as heretofore.
The Alleghanian. [volume] (Ebensburg, Pa.) 1859-1865, 1860-04-19

New GooDs John McColgan of Will
more, has recently returned from the east,
with a very large and varied stock OF
Spring and Summer goods. AS John al
ways presents the same smiling counte-
nance, and sells as low as the lowest, we
doubt not his goods are going off rapidly,
The Alleghanian. [volume] (Ebensburg, Pa.) 1859-1865, 1860-04-19

ENIGMA-I am composed of Ii letters.
My I3 3, is a country in Europe.
My IL Z, is what all do.
My 7, is useful to housekeepers.
My II, is plaything.
My 6 l3 3, is used in school.
Ny l3 3 7, is used by shoemakers.
My 10, is weight.
Ny I3 7 3, is kind of grain.
Ny 10, is proposition
NY 10 2 l, is what composing enigmas is to
the author
Ny IL IL 2, is a kind of animal.
Nv IL l, is found in church.
NY l3 10, is an adjective
My whole is the residence of the author
ANSWER next week. FUN.
Answer to last weeks enigma-"Make his
enigmas shorter and more difficult"
REBUs.-I am composed of 3 letters.
Place my 3 between my and 2, and you have
member of the body
Place my before my l, and you have a per-
sons name.
Transpose me, and you have French meas
Take ME as am, and you have point Of
time. LU.
DILp-At his residence, in Munster,
1fth ;n,t rry.prro Eap
The Alleghanian. [volume] (Ebensburg, Pa.) 1859-1865, 1860-04-19

DIED-At his residence, in Munster,
on Saturday, 14th inst, CHARLES FAR,
agS, aged about 10 years.
The Alleghanian. [volume] (Ebensburg, Pa.) 1859-1865, 1860-04-19

NEW SCHEDULE.--On and after Mon
day, the 10th inst, the various trains on
the Pennsylvania Railroad will depart
from Wilmore station as follows:
Lewistown gazette. [volume] (Lewistown, Pa.) 1843-1944, 1860-03-29

The Shirleysburg Herald says young la.
dy. named Catharine Ritter, died suddenly at
Mill Creek on Friday last. While apparent
ly in the enjoyment Of good health, she start
ed to walk across the street, and meeting
Sheriff Watson, stopped to speak to him. when
she fell down dead. She was engaged to be
married some time during the latter part Of
this month. AT her funeral, on Sunday, a
man became pale and PROSTATE, and was
thought to be dying in the same manner
lie was cared for, and recovered. These sud-
den dissolutions--evcn in the twinkling of an
eye-are becoming quite frequent in our midst
and should cause as to give the more earnest
heed to the admOnition, g Be We also ready"
Mr.. John Swivel, of Huntingdon, started
for Frazer river on Monday morning In search
of "ye glittering gold.,'
The Sheriff will sell on the 9th OF APRIL
the properties of William Richart: John A..
Weber: John Green: William Stone: Arnold
Russell and John Russell: James Z. Glasgow:
William r. Smith: Steward Corbett: James
Householder: George Jones: James and j.
McIlheny.
Married, John Miller to Miss Martha King,
both of Hundingdop Hiram Rhoads to Miss
Emeline Corbin, both Of this county Mr. Lu-
ther R. Seidle, Of Harrisburg, to Miss Annie
Shaver of Mt. Union Mr.. Jacob Walls to
Miss Ellen Smith, both of Scottsville.
Died, in Walker township, Ellie NJ, aged
years and 20 days-and Harry S., aged
years 2 months and 20 days-children OF
VIM. S. and Mary Lincoln.
Lewistown gazette. [volume] (Lewistown, Pa.) 1843-1944, 1860-03-29
Reason and Common Sense.

Our readers may remember has Ion several oc-
caslons spoken Al very eulogstic terms Of prepara-
ton which Dr. Seth 5 Hance OF los Baltimore street
Baltimore, Md, has discovered for thc3Ee of Epep-
tic Fits. Now, in doing have been actrIated bv
the very best motives, VIZ the alienation of human
suffering From circumstances which have lately
come 10 our knowledge, We fear there certain class
of persons who are not disposed Try this remedy IN
common sense manner. We allude the fact of Sc
lecng particular ease in town where perhaps there
are SIX or eight cases, and trying Now.
perhaps the selected might be the only one of
the whole number that it would not cure. This is
neither doing themselves nor the medicine justice.
II dozen persons were stricken down with cholera
m one town or neghborhood would they all send for
physician or would only one employ him, and all
wait and see If he cured the first patient? That plan
of procedure would be most absurd. So in the ease
of DR. HHpce's remedy every who has Fits should
try it for reasonable length of time 1t will not cure
in day or week; nothing worth doing can be accom-
plished at once What is easily done, easily un-
done The growEh of time Is enduring. From the
most respectable testimony we have examined, we
feel assured that by proper perseverance in this
remedy, niEe cases of Epilepsy out of ten may be
cured The Pills sent by mail free Of postage
any rar OF the world Price, one box So two So twelve
S2+. You viii find the address above.
Lewistown gazette. [volume] (Lewistown, Pa.) 1843-1944, 1860-03-29
Worms ! Worms!

Various theories have been started relative to the
origin of intestinal worms and yet the question is st
YeXed one among medical authorities. OF fact,
however, all are informed, and in which all agreethe
fatal nature of the influence they children.
At this season of the year, the attacks of
most frequent well as most dangerous. We take
pleasure IN directing the attention of parents to the
Nermifuge OF DIR. NJ Lane prepared by Fleming Bros,
Pittsburgh. 1t IL of the most extraordinary med
cines introduced to the public, and has never
fdled of success when tried.
**PuTchasers will be careful to ask for Dr. II Lane
Celebrated p1myuge, manufactured by Fleming Bros.
Of Pittsburg, Pa. All other Nermfuges i'll cOmpari-
with this medicine worthless DR.. NJ Lane s
genuine Vermfuge, also his celebrated Liver Pills,
can now be had at all respectable drug None
genuine IcitbOut the signature Of FLEMING BROS.
For sale hy Charles Ritz F. j. Hoffman, and Mary
Marks, Lewistown, and by dealers generally through
out the county.
Lewistown gazette. [volume] (Lewistown, Pa.) 1843-1944, 1860-03-29
" Let well enough alena." /"

Many persons at the present day are still
50 tmid ard Surcrstitious that they are near
ly all tA4 time taking physc of some kind,
either because they imagine that they are sick
or because Of superstitious fear lest they
should be. Daring the spring, fall, and GER
tain unlucky timea," they must have their
regular portion Of physfu- But children suf
fer most from over medication, being general
ly well dosed with soothing syrups" and
nauseous nostrums Of different kinds As
certain we'll known physician has we'll said,
No sooner do some mothers imagine their
infants sick, than dose after dose of nause0us
physic is forced down their throats, with the
barbarity of a savage, thus killing them with
poisoning tkeps, lee5 sheY should
be sick. Many Go. not wait for their infants
to manifest indisposition, but at certain signs
of the planets, or particular quartera Of the
moon, or dog days, or waen the sun crosses
the line, and a host Of other unlecky days
and critical seasons, their children muse swal-
low calomel or rhubarb, or oil, or souills, or
antimonial wine, whether they seen sick or
not" Now what is the effect of this worse
than useless medication? Why, thousands
of children are either killed or constitutional
" ruined for life--made to drag oUt miser-
able existence, u burden to themselves and to
their friends.
As to thuse adults who take physc in health
they are only pursuing the course Of a certain
Italian count, on whose tomb was inscribed,
by his own request: Il was well, wished to
be better, took physic, and died"
Rallay;lla Mach 1890
Lewistown gazette. [volume] (Lewistown, Pa.) 1843-1944, 1860-03-29

RD~Gov. STEWART, of Missouri, has
again refused his assent to the action of the
Legislature on the free negro bills. At its
recent session he vetoed bill and the Leg
islature adjourned without further action
At the present extra session it was again
passed, but was again returned by Gov.
Stewart with his objections in full.
Among others he states that he entertains
doubts Of the constitutionality of the meas
ure, ard is of the opinion that it would
act prejudicially to the interests sought to
be sustained, and that it was unealled for
and caleElated to tend to political discord.
An effort was made to pass the bill despite
the veto, which was unsuccessful, there.
not being a majority of the whole number
of members elected voting in its favor.
Lewistown gazette. [volume] (Lewistown, Pa.) 1843-1944, 1860-03-29
Centre County.

The Press says on Monday evening a man
by the name Of Charles Smith was arrested
in Bellefonte on the charge of stealing $35 in
Lock Haven. He was committed by Justice
Welch until next morning for further bearing
On Tuesday morning on investigation it was
found by the defendant sattorney-Mr. Mitch
ell-that the warrant was a mere search war;
rant The money which was described not
being found ON the person of Mr.. Smith, he
was discharged. Application, however, hav
ing been made to the District Attorney a new
warrant was issued and the supposed thief is
in Jail. Mr.. Smith. resides in the western
part of this county: Mr.. Sullivan, from whom
the money was taken, resides in Lock Haven.
Lewistown gazette. [volume] (Lewistown, Pa.) 1843-1944, 1860-03-29

One of the passengers in the Lock Haven
stage in lighting cigar threw match into
the of the stage. 1t immediately caught
tire and owing to the high winds, in an instant
the whole coach was inEelDped in flames. Tn
spite of MI their exeraions, the mail bag and
nearly an the baggage of the passengers was
consumed by the fire.
Married, alexander Chany, formerly of
NJ AlaVey's Fort, to Miss Sarah Ann Peters.
OF UnionViRe': Luke Steuers and Elizabeth
Roop, both of Haines township.
Died. Simon Beck aged forty six years, five
mouths and sixteen days: Jacob Harter, aged
G4 years. -
Lewistown gazette. [volume] (Lewistown, Pa.) 1843-1944, 1860-03-29
400 Acres Of Mountain Land,
Registrars Notice.

FENIIE following accounts have been exam.
IL ined and passed by me, and remain filed
of record in this ofice for inspection of Heirs,
Legatees, Creditors, and all others in any way
interested, and will be presented to the Or
phan's Court of the county of Miffiin, to be
held at the Court House in Lewistown, on
THURSDAY, the 5th day Of April, 1860, for
allowance and confirmation :.
l. The account of John T. Calhwell, Ex-
ecutor, &C., of David Coplin, late Of Wayne
township, deceased.
2. The partial administration account of
Joseph Nh Stevens and John NJ. Cunningham,
Administrators, Of James A. Cunning ham,
late of the borough of Lewistown, deceased.
3. The account of Nicholas Hartzler, Ad-
ministrator of Stephen Difendazler, late Of
Menno township. deceased.
j. The account of Geo. W. EldeE, ESQ,
Administrator, of David NJ. Baker, decd.
5. The account of John NJ Shade, Guar
dian of James j. Milliken, minor son of Sa-
rah B. MkAiken
6. The account Of Hon. Cyrus Slime and
Samuel Sine ESQ.,, Administrators, of the
estate of John Slime, jr., deceased.
Z. The account of John Hoyt, acting Ad-
ministratcr, of the estate of William Mann,
jr., late of Brown township, deceased.
s. The account of Mrs. Hannah Mckee,
Administering Of David Cummings, decd.
g. The-aGcUunt Of Thomas }. Wilson decd.
Executor, &C., of James Fleming, decd as
filed by Administrators of said Thomas j.
Wilson, decd.
TO- The account of Robert FOrsythe Guar
dian, of the minor children of William Nc
Dowell, deceased.
JOSEPH S. WAREAM, Register
Registers Office, Lcwistown, March s, 1860
Lewistown gazette. [volume] (Lewistown, Pa.) 1843-1944, 1860-03-29
Estate of DIR. Moses T. Mitchell. deed,

NJ Office is hereby given that lettersnf ad-
1 \ ministration on the estate of DR.. MOSES
L. MITCHELL, late of Armagh township,
Mif1in county, deceased. have been granted
to the undersigned, the first named residing
near the Farmers High School, Centre coun-
ty, and the latter at Milroy, in said town
ship. All persons indebted to said estate are
requested to make immediate payment, and
those having claims to present them duly au
thenticatcd for settlement
JOHN Ii. MITCHELL, Admr.
ml5 MARIA B. MITCHELL, Admx.
Lewistown gazette. [volume] (Lewistown, Pa.) 1843-1944, 1860-03-29

~ Mr' Editor: | recently attended an sxhibi-
t;o ;on oi school at Reedsville, short descrip-
voa. noa Vi which think is worthy of space in
!JuF s paper. Mr.. H. Norris, the gentleman
%no mas charge of the school, gave me kind
Tiuvl'atlon .n to attend, and can truly say, that
a;,. "as not only amused with the Humorous re-
~ tFt,'asons and dialogues, but much edited with
49, ,ns ulsplay of ability manifested by the quite
:oung as we'll as the older scholars, ia the va
rsIus rsI;a oratiens and dialogues of moral and
gS"stous character. Great credit is due TO
@ tue teacher for his zeal and devotion in thus
.iLaIning the young idea" as also for his
rr" o0uOn OF the pieces, SO well adapted to
FToUPetly Tonpy directing and strengthening the
Young minds of his pupils.
SPECTATOR.
Lewistown gazette. [volume] (Lewistown, Pa.) 1843-1944, 1860-03-29

THE subscriber would respectfully inform
l. the public that he has on hand large
and choice stock of all kinds of lumber. 1t
comprises 2, | j. Il, /, 4, and inch WHITE
Plastering LATH, GARDEN FAILING,
DOORS; WLNDOK SASH SKBFT1EI2sS,
BLINDS, and WORKED FLOORING.
The undersigned being q. house Carpenter,
he is prepared to FIJI orders for Doors, Sash,
&C., to the best advantage and on the short.
est notice. His Lumber Yard IS on Third
Street, west of the Academy. where he will be
pleased to see all who may favor him with a
call.
mh22 WNr. B. HOFFMAN.
Lewistown gazette. [volume] (Lewistown, Pa.) 1843-1944, 1860-03-29
Great Remedies!

To cure severe Cough Cold, use DR.. Wistars
BalSam of Wild Cherry-to cure Whooping Cough.
Group or BFonchitis use DR.. Wistar's Basam of Wild
Chery-to. arrest pGedisposition to Consumption use
DR.. Wistars Basam of Wild Cherry--to cure Dyspep-
sia or Indigestion, use the OXygenated Bitters-to
cure Asthma Acidty or Heart Burn, use the. Oxvge-
mated Biters. These remedies perform all they prom
Use. They relieve suffering, disease restore
health thus aording consolation and comfort to the
sick and afflicted where dscouragement and SUFFERING
existed before.
Clyde Wayne Co. Y. Y, March To- 1857
MeSsrS :. W. Fowie 4 Col am happy 10 state that
have used the OXygenated Bters in my practice for
the last three years in the treatment Of Dyspepsia.
General Debility, Indigestion. and Affections of the
Liver with the most satisfactory results, and would
cheertuly recommend to those suffering from these
Distressing diseases give this valuable medicine
tflal.- Respectfully yours, j. T. SMITH, VI. d.
Exeter Me- Sept. 30-This certifies that Lhave rec
ohlnended the use of NStaIS Balsam of Wild Cherry
Tor Diseases OF the Lungs for two and many
bottles, to my knowledge, have been used by my pa
uents all with beneficial results. In two cases where,
1t was thought confirmed CONSUMPTION had taken
place, the Wild Cherry effected cure
L. Bo&DEY, Physician at Exeter Corner.
The only genuine Balsam has the written signature
Of l. BUTTS on the wrapper.
Prepared by 5. W. Fowle & Co, Boston, and for sale
by Charles Ritz and F. j. Hoffman, Lcwistown Mrs
Mary 7. Brehman McVeytown, J. X. Rhodes, Newton
Hamilto9, and by appointed agents and dealers in
medicine ia EHa4y every town in the State
Lewistown gazette. [volume] (Lewistown, Pa.) 1843-1944, 1860-03-29
Married,

In McNeytown, the I'D inst, by Rev G. Steven
son, ANDREW FRENCH to Miss OATHARINE
FIKE, all of Wayne township.
In Wayne township, on the 18th inst, by John Me
Laughn, Esq, JACKSON CORNELIUS to Miss
CATHARINE WOLFON, both of Wayne township
In this place, on Monday morning, by Rev. James
S. Woods, ID. d. NJ. THOMPSON REYNOLDS to Mrs.
SARAH STOUT, all of LeWstown.
Lewistown gazette. [volume] (Lewistown, Pa.) 1843-1944, 1860-03-29
Base envy withers at another's joys,
8 nd haIn.. tE.t

- - ' JON wiz give lueIu place IN your
paper.
Base envy withers at another's lows
And hates that excellence it cannot reach
There IS greater enemy to the peace of
individuals and society at laFgs, than, Scan
dal, 1t is the offspring Of envy, and the on
ly weapon of hstle ainds againa6 superior
abilities. But, Notwithstanding Scandal af-
fects, more or less, every member of the com.
munlty, II reigns with more distinguished
power over some parts of society than Others.
On inquiry, it will appear that female char.
acter sustains the most injury from this bane
of human happiness. Often the best eharac
ters too lose the esteem OF their friends from
the malignant aspersions of ignorance and
envy. 1t is almost impossible for lady to
be seen walking with Il gentleman on the
street, without the conclusion that they are
lovers and it is not uncommonly added that
Miss go and So appears to BE in fair way
OF securing Mr.. So and So. l have seen a
company of females thrown into the greatest
e2nsternation by the entrance of the lady who
was the unfortunate object of Scandal How
busy IS the silent whisper on such occasions
1t runs with amazing rapidity from ear to ear,
accompanied with mods aud winks, with "a
" You know who, " " So they say" /" Well,
would never have thought it, and variety
of sueh phrases"
This, Mr.. Editor, is too much the case in
our own town. There are those who Law
claims to respeetabilty. who desire to be
thought pinks of propriety" and christians,
who would resent warmly the name Of Sean
damonger if applied TO them, yet who, un-
fortunately for the characters of many, spend
much Of their time in going from house to
house for tue purpose of hearing and carry
ing news. 1t is shame on womanhood. 1t
Is shame that they who profess to follow
the example and teachings of Our blessed
Lord" should 50 demean themselves. and
" give the lie" to their professions. True,
they may not think they are doing any one an
injury by repeatiag what th8y have heard,
aud by giving their opinions on the subject
They forget tlrat as Virgil says" Report In
creasss by motion, and acquires strength by
advancing. At first small through fear, soon
shr raises herself into the air, and stalks up
on the ground and soon hides her head in
the clouds; that she is quick Of foot and swift
of wing"
1t Is, as all know, Mr.. Editor, no very easy
MATTER to gain good character; but ii is ca
sy to overthrow one. We should stop and
think a n}onseRs beeore we reyeat a report,
injurious even in a SGgkt degree to another.
We know not aow soon our names may be
coupled with disgrace, and isslHdiet from
mouth to mouth AN OBSERVER.
Lewistown gazette. [volume] (Lewistown, Pa.) 1843-1944, 1860-03-29
LOST,

A FROMISSORY note, given by Miehae
N Ruble to the undersigned for Fifty Dol
lars, payable on demand Il is believed to
have been dated in November last. All per-
sons are hereby cautioned 'nekto parchase or
trade for said note.
SUSANNAH BEAR.
Ferguson's Valley, March l5;- 1860. St
Lewistown gazette. [volume] (Lewistown, Pa.) 1843-1944, 1860-03-29
LToEN 9ES

TFIIE following applications for license have
L been fled in my Office, and will be pre-
presented for consideration in the Court of
Quarter Sessions of Miflin county on Friday,
the 9th day Of April, when all persons inter
ested will be heard by petition, remonstrance,
Or nthnrraiSa
Lewistown gazette. [volume] (Lewistown, Pa.) 1843-1944, 1860-03-29

IT will be to your advantage to buy your
il Shoes at the CENTRAL. SHOE. STORE.
A fine assortment of gaiter heels, kid heels,
the best in town /; Goat heels, buskins, slipper
heels, for Misses and Children, fine variety,
all of which will be sold at the lowest posi-
bic prices for CASH. Call and examine our
stock before purchasing elsewhere.
u cox prnnrinknr
Lewistown gazette. [volume] (Lewistown, Pa.) 1843-1944, 1860-03-29
TIE G a z e = = = .
PENNSYLVANIA Railroad.

e7g-In the authoress of the following
article our readers will recognize daugh-
ter of Joseph Milliken, Esq, of this place,
rbo with her husband, some years ago
.ost her lot in life on India's coral strand
where
Lewistown gazette. [volume] (Lewistown, Pa.) 1843-1944, 1860-03-29
Election of Trustees.

THE stockholders of the Lewistown Acad.
Il emy are hereby notified that an election
for fifteen trustees to serve for the coming
year, will be held at the institution on Mon
day, I'd April, 1860, at 2 o'clock p m.
III. j. WALTERS, Sec'y.
Lewistown gazette. [volume] (Lewistown, Pa.) 1843-1944, 1860-03-29

eGAGarrison's Lberator, the great Aboit
ion sheet, has an article denouncing the late
speech of Senator Seward.
Lewistown gazette. [volume] (Lewistown, Pa.) 1843-1944, 1860-03-29
Saturday, March 81, 1860,

OUONA1 Ie1y 1'1u11 S1A1 OA3 1OOO,
at one o'clock in the afternoon, the following
real estate to wit:
A tract of land sitnate in Union township,
Miffin county, containing forty seven acres,
be the same more or less, adjoining lands of
Samuel YoGer on the south and on the east
and on the north, and land of Oliver Camp
bell Oh the west, with log house, log barn
and other improvements thereon erected.
Seized, taken in execution and to be sold as
the property Of John lIoIeeZ.
Lewistown gazette. [volume] (Lewistown, Pa.) 1843-1944, 1860-03-29

A tract of land situate in Derry township,
Mifflin county, containing one hundred and
eighty acres, be. the same more or less. about
one hundred and forty acres cleared, with a
large store hease, large bank barn and 9TH
er improvements thereon erected, adjoining
lands of Samuel Aurand and Henry Albright
on the west, Isaac Price and Jacob Hoover
on the north, Jacob Hoover and Il. IT, Jacob
on the east, and Henry Ort on the south.
Seized, taken in execution and to be sold as
the property Of Lewis Hisier.
Lewistown gazette. [volume] (Lewistown, Pa.) 1843-1944, 1860-03-29
ALSO,

A lot Of ground situate IN Decatur town
ship, Mit14in county, containing about one
and half acres, more or less, with a one and
half story dwelling house, fruit trees and
other Improvements thereon erected, bounded
by lands of Henry ulch on the east, Elizabeth
Shook on the north and west, and a road on
the south. Seized, taken in execution and TO
be sold as the property of Francis Martin
I. E. WILLIAMS, Sheriff.
SherifFs Office, Lewistown, March s, 1860.
Lewistown gazette. [volume] (Lewistown, Pa.) 1843-1944, 1860-03-29
From the Lutheran Missionary.

"The heathcn in his blindness
Bows down To wood and stone"
Lewistown gazette. [volume] (Lewistown, Pa.) 1843-1944, 1860-03-29
SGlgAll9'S SALES,

DY virtue Of sundry writs of VenditiUni
ID Exponas and Levari FaciaS issued out of
the Court Of Common Pleas of Mif1in cOun-
ty, and to me directed, will be exposed to
sale by public vendue or outcry, at the Court
House, in the Borough Of Lewistown, on
Lewistown gazette. [volume] (Lewistown, Pa.) 1843-1944, 1860-03-29

Mr.. Editor.--In looking over some old pa
pers not long since, came across an alma,
nae" published in the year 1923, and in it
found piece entitled Reflections on Sean
dal," and thinking the remarks there made
not altogether inapplicable to the presenttime,
l take the liberty of sending them to you in
nope that YOU will give them place in your
paper
Lewistown gazette. [volume] (Lewistown, Pa.) 1843-1944, 1860-03-29

Letter from Ms; Phebe 4 Uaangst, Of tie
Lutheran Mission IN Iadia, to tie LalieS Cs
he Lutheran Church IN america.
Lewistown gazette. [volume] (Lewistown, Pa.) 1843-1944, 1860-03-29
HuntingG6n County,

Belleville, March, 1860.