davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Green-Mountain freeman. [volume] (Montpelier, Vt.) 1844-1884, 1860-09-06
Winter Barley.

The cultivation of winter barley is much
on the increase in this section. 1t differs
in no respect botanically, from the spring va
ricty. 1t is spring barley in the fall till it
has become capable of standing the winter.
Our severe winters here do not iDjure win.
ter barley when it is sown on dry uplands.-
Like winter wheat it does not succeed on
low, moist land. 1t should be sown as carly
as winter wheat-somo farmers think u few
days earlier, though many do not SOW till
after they have got in their wheat. 1t re-
quires the same culture as winter wheat
When sown on good soil, properly prepared,
the yield is large. The sample is better, I'M
der such circumstances, than spring barley,
and weighs more to the bushel, and commands,
consequently, higher price.
A correspondent in Kentucky recommends
sowing winter barley after oats, rather than
after winter wheat, for the reason that the
land, having been plOughed in the spring, can
be got into better condition than that which
has not been ploughed for twelve months
another advantage is, that when the barley
is put in about the first of September, all
the scattering grains of oats will grow with
the barley thereby helping to cover the
whole surface Of the ground before hard
weather sets in: and when the frost comes,
the barley will be so firmly rooted and mat
ted over the surface that it will not suffer
from severe weather, while the oats will be
killed out and leave the barley to occupy the
whole ground in the spring. He sows gene
rally about the first OF September, bat if the
weather is very hot and dry, prefers to defer
it till cooler weather .-GeneSee Farmer.
Green-Mountain freeman. [volume] (Montpelier, Vt.) 1844-1884, 1860-09-06
.rccu M1t. GARNER.
MONTPELIER vt.
Thursday Morning. Sept. 6, 1860.
Plant Potato Balls.

The success which has attended the cult
vation of Seeding potatoes leads us to an
ticipatc better days for this indispensable
crop. Seedlings, originating from whatever
stock, are almost always stronger and less H.
able to rot than their parents They rarely
equal them in their good qualities For some
reason which we are not able to define, every
variety of potato seems to increase its pro
portion Of starch, the longer it is cultivated.
The black Mercer, which fifteen years ago was
raised mainly for stock, is now an excellent
late keeping variety, and by some is preferred
to all others for Spring use. A Seeding that
is productive, hardy, and every way desirable,
except, in quality, should be kept few years
before it is discarded. If only one in hun
drcd proves desirable, it will amply pay the
amateur for all the time he spends, in propa-
eating ncw varieties.
The process is so simple that any man of
ordinary intelligence can raise seedlings, We
have sometimes found Nature attending to
this business herself, without human agency.
Where the vines havo been thrown ina heap,
in the Fall, the seed is sometimes washed out
Of the balls, and falls into the soft mold be-
meath, and survives the Winter. The balls
may be gathered any time after the vines are
mature, aud the seed be washed and dried,
and laid away for Spring planting. A gentle
hot-bed, covered three or four inches deep
with very fine soft mold is much the best
to start them in, though they can be planted
in the open soil, without difficulty. But the
forcing gives you the plants early, and you
can frequently get potatoes Of the size of a
hens egg the first Sumner; you can deter
mine the character Of some of them the first
season. Select the most promising and hardy
for seed and keep sitting them down for four
or five years and you will probably find one
or more varieties that will be worth dissem-
mating.
This crop is so essential in every household
that it has claims upoa every intelligent cul-
tvator for these experiments. Save a few
balls, and raise seedlings.
Green-Mountain freeman. [volume] (Montpelier, Vt.) 1844-1884, 1860-09-06
Corn Flowers.

As on an eve long passed, seem to stand
By low stile, o'crarched with woodbine sweet,
On either side the bread-fruit of my land,
And the blue corn flower smiling at my feet
l hear from distant woods the ring-dove's note,
The half-hushed robin twitters in the brake:
Above my head the sunsets warm clouds float,
Reflected foliage stains the trimming lake
Lost 'mong wilderness of spears, bind
wreath of golden car and azure bloom;
Unwilling how the homeward path to find,
little one astray amid the gloom
But bark what sounds have hushed my simple song !
fearful and trembling to a reed cling;
Vague, childish terrOrs my fancy thronp-
Impatient hands aside the corn blades fling.
All! am safe know the gentle eyes =.
Which beam on me with gaze so fond and true
These, tender gray, like shadowy twilight skies
Those, as the smiling corn-fowers, bright and blue
Soft lips kiss off the tear-drops from my check
With corn-howers round my brow, and in nv hand
Home am borne, weary nursing weak,
While night comes down upon the silent land
Bright, blessed childhood yet a little while
larry and charm me with thy fairy lore
While the full sheaves the sunburnt reapers pile,
And the blue corn flowers strew the stubbe floor
With one great bound thy sunny hours are gone,
And gone, too is each dear familiar face,
{ look around me- but behold alone
few corn-aowers in an antique vase
Green-Mountain freeman. [volume] (Montpelier, Vt.) 1844-1884, 1860-09-06
GREEN MOUNTAIN FREEMAN, SEPT 6, 1860.

Iment would hold good-but all should know
that this is not the case.
Most farmers complain of the want Of
manure for their farms. They could do
wonders if they had an abundance Of it
Most of them have teams which they must
feed whether they work or are idle. And
farmers have many days, after haying, which
they may pro6tably devote to pIoughiug for
the purpose of raising the quality of soils Of
the kind which we are treating of.
Farmers cannot expect to make any field
rich by summers ploughiug. Gradual i'm
provement is most permanent. Any field
may have too much manure on it for profit.
Corn will bear as much manure as any plant,
yet manure may be thrown away on corn
field. Corn may be made to run too much
to stalk in proportion to ear.
So we see wneat-feds and oat.felds so
rich that the plant TAILS down, or lodges
tefore the grain is mature. Land not highly
MANFRED, therefore, may give you more
grain than the richest acre that you culti-
Yate.
Some farmers neglect to increase their
manure heaps by adding soil or peat. Many
complain that they can find no material to
fill into the cow-yard and hog-pen They
have dug away by the roadside till the high
way surveyor complains, and they seem to
doubt whether there is dirt or dust enough on
the earth to aid the manure heap and keep the
air pure.
But We hold that every farm has dirt Or
dust enough on it for all useful purposes
And there will be no need Of carting far
when any kind of earthly matter is wanted to
make up manure heap.--E1c1ange.
Green-Mountain freeman. [volume] (Montpelier, Vt.) 1844-1884, 1860-09-06

the syrup, removing the sc@m: put in the to
matoes and boil gently fifteen or twenty min
utes; remove the fruit again and boil until
the syrup thckens. On cooling, put the fruit
into jars, and pour the syrup into it, and add
few slices Of lemon to each jar, and you
will have something to please the most fastid-
ious.
To PICKLE TOMATOES. use those
which are thoroughly ripe. The small round
ones are decidedly the best. Do not prick
them, as most receipt books direct. Let them
lie in a strong brine three or four days, then
put them down in layers in your jars, mixing
with them small onions and pieces Of horse
radish; then pour on the vinegar, (cold) which
should be first spiced as for peppers let there
De spice bag to throw into every pot. Cover
them carefully, and set them by in the cellar
! for full month before using.
APPLE MARMALADE.-To make apple mar
malade, boil some apples with the peel on
them until they are perfectly SOFT which may
be known by pressing them between the
thumb and fingers; then remove them into
cold water; pare them; place them on a
sieve, and press the pulp from the cores; the
pulp, which has passed through sieve, place
IN stewpan and set the pan on the fire long
cnouoh to remove the moisture, 50 that the
pulp may become rather thick; take an
equal quantity, in weight Of lump sugar as
Of pulp; clarity the sugar, and boil it to a
good syrup; add the pulp to it, and stir
taem we'll together with q good spatua Or
wooden spoon; place them on fire ; and as
soon as they begin to boil remove them. The
process is completed. When the marmalade
has become little cool, put it into pots, but
do not cover the pots until it is quite cool.
PRESERVING DRII FRUlT FROM WORMS
We have very simple and eifeotuaI method
of keeping " Dried Fruit" namely; In the
spring, before the worms have made their
appearance, Tor even after you can detect a
te1c,) wash your fruits in II liberal quantity
OF VAIN water, as if you were preparing
thom for cooying. Shake the water from
them, and dry, either in the house or out, as
may be convenient. They will dry in few
hours And at this time you will be too cal.
y o' the insect, and therefore secure the
eating Of your own delicious fruit
Green-Mountain freeman. [volume] (Montpelier, Vt.) 1844-1884, 1860-09-06
Turning in Green Crop.

August and September are proper months
to enrich land by ploughipg For mere
pIoughing is of service though no manure is
applied. But at this season of the year
there is r1uch green matter on the surface
which al not lie eaten by cattle OF sheep
and it is therefore "a cumberer Of the
ground"
Old pasture grounds--old plains, which
have not felt plough for twenty years, are
bearing moss and the coarsest kind Of vegc-
tables. These plains are pasturcd by cattle
that deserve better fare. Six or eight acres
care aloa ed to each COW to keep her alive.
She picks AID selects enough to keep her
from starving, and goes home at night to fill
up with something or other in the COW yard.
Not to fill up the pail for she has lot the
means.
Many of our old pastures arc so rough and
rocky that it is not profitable to plough
them. Let them run to wood, unless the
rocks are wanted. In such case dig them up
and bring the land to bearing, Some Of our
strongest soils are full Of rocks, and may be
prodtabIy cultivated.
But we are nov speaking of extensive
plains which are not burdened with rocks
They may be easily pIoughcd, and ought not
to lie idle.
These plains may be enriched by merely
ploughing in what naturally grows on them,
Even without sowing any kind of seed for
green CROP the process is called summer till
ing--or summer following. But it is better
to sow something and have it growing if it
is only barn chatf or the seed OF wceds--for
green wects are good to be buried in all
soils
On these poor plains something should be
soWn that will grow On poor soil. Glover
has often been recommended as a suitable az
tico to be ploughcd in. But it will not
grow on poor land. Buckwheat will grow
two feet high where clover would hardly show
ITS head. Two sowings of buckwheat may
be poughed in during the same season.
The first may be sown by the middle o. May,
and turned under in the latter part OF June,
before hayiug commences. Then another
seeding of bushel an acre. will get u six
ck's growth by the middle Of August,
when it may be turned in and the1and may
be seeded down for moving or for posuriug
and good growth mny be expected the
next year.
Now it is not to be supposed that by
ploughing in two crops Ct buckwheat the
land will be made very rich. But if it shall
bear four times as much for seven years to
come, as it had doue it is something in the
way Of improvement unless the ploughing
~ andharrowing and seed shall cost moro han
the improved value of the land or than the
extra produce.
Yet 1t is objected by few farmers that
you gain nothing by turning in the crop Oh
the ground because your growing crop axes
as much virtue out Of the soil as you turn
b elk into it. Tae answer to this is that the
growing crop does not obtain half its food
from the soil--but that it gathers it, living
from the atmosphere. If the plants gained
all their nu riment from the soil the argp
Green-Mountain freeman. [volume] (Montpelier, Vt.) 1844-1884, 1860-09-06
Dome tic Eeoipes.

The August number OF Mrs. Arcy's Home
Monthly gives the following recipes Tor using
tomatoes
TouAro SAUcE.--TaEc one dozen of ripe
tomatoes, put them in Il stone jar, stand item
in L cool oven until quite tender, When
coId take the skins am stalks IRON them,
mix the pulp in tie liquor which you will
6ud in the jar, but do not strai it; add tNo
tea.spooutuls Of the best powdered ginger, u
dessert spoonful Of salt, Il head OF garlic
chopped fine, two table spoontuIs OF vinegar,
dessert spoonful Of Chill vinegar, or Il little
Cayenne pepper Put to small moQth9d
sauce bottles, sealed. Kept in d cool place,
it will keep good 10: years 1t is ready for
use as soon as made, but the flavor is better
after week or two. Should it not app ar
to keep, turn it oot, add more ginger; it may
require more salt and Cayenne pepper. 1t is
Iong-trcd recipe and great improvement
on curry. The skins should he put into
wide-mouthed bottle, with little Of the diff
fereut ingredients, as they are useful for hash
Us OF stews.
TOMATO PrEsERvls.--Take .tho round yell.
low variety as soon as ripe, scuId and peel
to seven pounds of tomatoes, add seven pounds
of white sugar, and let them stand over night !;
take the tomatoes out Of the sugar, and bol\
Green-Mountain freeman. [volume] (Montpelier, Vt.) 1844-1884, 1860-09-06
Tomatoes Supporting and Shortening-.n.

Few gardens are now found unsuppled
with tomatoes, but very few persons take
pains to cultivate them. The vines arc usu-
ally left to stragglo ad h6itum. This is
both bad economy and bad taste. Ii tomat-
toes are planted in rows, u convenient plan is
to put up stab cs on both sides of each row,
and nail on horizont; strips or Stats to keep
the vines perpendicular. They may be car
ried up to u height OF three Or Jour feet. BY
this n,e.ns the vines will show much better,
especially with ripencd fruit clustering thick
ly upon the sides. The fruit itself will be
much superior to thatmaturcd on the grouul
and in the shade. Strong twne or wires
may be substituted for the horizontal Stats
a cheaper process of supporting tomatoes is
to bush them, III the same manner that beans
or peas are treated. Our own tomatoes are
planted around the border Of the garden. and
trained upon the ierce, the vines being up
held by strips OF leather, doubled around the
stalks ard fastened to the fence with small
nails.
Tomatoes are also boneftttd by shortening
IN Three.f urlhs OF the mature fruit Is
produced upon small part Of the vine near.
est to the root, say oncthirI or one fourth Of
its Iolgth, 1t is recommended 10 stop the
lmther development Of vines after fan
supply OF fruit is set, by clipping off the
vines growing beyond The clipping should
not be carried too far as "A supply OF foliage
is required to gather food from the air. O0l
OF the m st successful cultiyators in cur ac
acquaintance made it a rule to let no viut
extend beyond four feet from its root.
Green-Mountain freeman. [volume] (Montpelier, Vt.) 1844-1884, 1860-09-06
Experiment in Harvesting Corn.

! beg leave to differ from some on this sub
ject. | we'll recollcct in my carly days that
corn, where | then lived was harvested by
first cutting the stalks, and then | knew OF
no better way, that being some fifty years
since, in the town Of Winchester, N. H
Since that time think have found better
way.
As it regards cutting stalks, think they
will no more than pay for the labor; it the
field is large it is attended with much labor
to carry them out of the field to set up to
dry. ] think [ should do quite as we'll to
cut hay at the halves. Should there come a
hard frost before the corn gets fairly ripe, it
would be much injured. In this vicinity we
usually have hard loost on or about the
Goth Of September. If the talks are cut
soon after the corn begins to glaze, as has
been the practice with some, it lessons the
corn ono-ceventh part from that of letting
them be on till ripe it also leaves the corn
more exposed to cut off the tops, than it
would be With them on, should there be u
frost before the corn was ripe. II it stands
till it would not shrink in drying, it would
be bad policy to first cut the stalks, because
it is more work than it is to cut all up togeth-
G., and you save only about one-lou tn Of the
fodder, aud rot the BEST nafl Aor hat which
comes up at the roots last called suckers, Is
much the best, berg the gfeearst ana rich
est, In cutting up tue cora ana stalks to-
getner' there IS great saving ooth IN time
ana value OF ootn corn apd fodder AZ the
price nay IS seiilhG lor mere now, Slo per
'0"' anu ana as 'he ioadef growing on one
"c'c VI Io"u "neto inc corn VIII ylold oU
ouSoeIS per acre Is worth one ton OF GOOD
nay we gain some 81 Or more ID harvesting
OF one acre OF good corn, over mat OF cutting
inc stalks know not why dollars worth
OF nay or corn fodder Is notaS good as Il dol
lar worth OF corn.
All grams are better to be harvested while
u g sap Is IN the stFa" or stalk ana Know
o' no one III inns section OF country mat
question TINS theory mliIor5 not excepted +; 1t
~ much more delicious ana ilch, ana makes
the best bread. have e%polIn ntcd some
Green-Mountain freeman. [volume] (Montpelier, Vt.) 1844-1884, 1860-09-06

The haylng season is now over, aud Farm
crs have more leisure than at ii y other sea-
son to make permanent improvements. Low
grounds arc more easily mauagcl than any
other season, as meadows are now dry, ii
ever and can be easily drained.
The conversion OF barren swamp land into
English moving is an operation of modern
days ; aud Was hardly ought OF in the last
age. 'O.d bog meadow in abundance might
be purchased ior five to len dollars an acre
but it was not often purchased, and was sun-
cred to lie without producing anything but
shrubs-ior trees would lot grow in und. aimed
land.
Within thirty years many acres of these
bogS have been drained and converted into
good English moving. D aiming is the first
opcraton-and.i the swamp cannot be drain-
ed it uecd not he meddled with. The labor
on 1t will be useIe>s-and the high llucberry
bushes may be left to bear when the season
is dry,
Green-Mountain freeman. [volume] (Montpelier, Vt.) 1844-1884, 1860-09-06
o0ls.

Every good farmer Keeps Ills tools housed
bat many during the busy period Of sum-
mer have left out some that should have been
shclte ell The horso-rake has perhaps bee
placed on the fence in the corner Of a mead
ow; the plough sill lies at tie side of the
new wbeat field, where it was left when the
harrow was brought In the oX,cart stands
behind the barn exposed to all weather; the
roller has not seen shelter since last spring
two hoes and spade lean against the side Of
the va3on-houso, and other implements lie in
val; ous directions. The aggregate value of
all may be three hundred dollars five years
exposure would to'ay ruin them for any
value, and il SO, the they are losing a fifth
this year, or sixty dollars Yet fifty cents
worth Of labor would place every Que in good
shelter. so much Tor the want o. u little
thinking; and Doubt IS not II few who are
II us wasting SO rapidly heir property, would
spend half day III making IL sha P bargain,
in order to get an additional dollar from a
notwithstanding at the tap and wasting at
the bung, truly
A coat Of paint applied to tools just after
the seasoning Of summer, will penetrate the
cracks and be Of great service in excluding
water.
Green-Mountain freeman. [volume] (Montpelier, Vt.) 1844-1884, 1860-09-06

TO SAVE SQUASH AND MELON SEEDS Pure.
u. L. LanSstroth writes the Rural New
Yorher; The following method Of obtaining
pure seed, where different kinds Of melons,
squashes and cucumbcrs were raised on II
small plot o. ground, was pacticed by me
about twenty years ago:
Rise in the morning by break of day, be-
fore the Gees arc abroad Sc ect number
of female blossoms which have opened dur
! ing the night. They may be known by grow
ing on the cud of the young squash, melons.
NC. while the male blossoms e. false blows"
as they arc often called have no fruit. Scat
ter the pollen Of male blossoms upon the sta
mont Of the female ones, and carefully cover
the latter with miIinebs OF anything which
will protect them from the visits OF the bees.
A piece Of cotton cloth, or even squash leaf
kept in place by u few o!oIs Of earth, will
answer good purpose, When the blossom
withcrs, the covering may be removed, and
tie fruit marked by u c)lorel string tied
loosely around the vine.
Green-Mountain freeman. [volume] (Montpelier, Vt.) 1844-1884, 1860-09-06
Rules for Selling Sheep.

The character of flock depends very
much on the practice Of the owner in making
sales, says an experienced sheep farmer
Never suffer purchaser to take the pick
of your A,ck, but do the picking yourself
Try to pick when you buy-bc sure and pick
when you sell.
Always sell ewes in the fall--sclecting for
that purpose, first, such as are g tting DID,
next such as arc in any particular defective
By this means a flock of ewes Hays right,
and looking right Never suffer sheep to
get old on the farm, unless, perhaps a very
choice buck or breeding eve.
In the sale Of wethcrs, be governed by
circumstanc S. Pasture scarce, we sell in
the s9ring after clipping. Pasture plenty,
and winter feed scarce, we sell in the fall
Pasture and feed abundant we latten for the
drovers or butchers in March or Apri--never
permitting wethers to get over five years old
before selling them.
BY this means the flock is made to consist
always Of young, healthy and thrifty sheep.
Better that old sheep should be sold at half
their value than good, young th.ifty ones at
ha # price.
Green-Mountain freeman. [volume] (Montpelier, Vt.) 1844-1884, 1860-09-06

The CATTLE DlsnAsr,--.I am somewhat
concerned about the Iu Of excitement on
the cattle disease know there are tides
N all the affairs Of meu--lucky it the et-
is not more disastrou, 10 Us taaa tao fow =
Ii the pIcuro pneumonia is a disease, and is
contagious, too much care and pains can
scarcely be taken TO prevent Its extension. [
hope 10 bovine animals will this season be
driven to Fairs. A word to the wise, &c
Il. w. BoYt
Green-Mountain freeman. [volume] (Montpelier, Vt.) 1844-1884, 1860-09-06
HARDw1cK,-A correspondent of the Cai

HARDw1ck.-A correspondent of the CAL
ed0ni0m says:
Il noticed recently in your paper COM
nunication from East Hardwick, that the oat
crop is suffering from drouth in that yicni-
ty. Oats in South Hardwick were never
better. lis estimated that from one field OF
four acres there were fourteen tons of well.
filled cats taken from it this day in this
place.
further notice in the same communca-
ton that Mr.. Cyrus Underwood recently dis
posed Of a pair Of oxen that weighed 1900
pounds. If that fact Is OF iutcrcs, to your
readers it may be to have them informed that
Holton u Judevno have a pair of oxen a
year younger than Mr. UnderwoOd's, that
weighed this day on the Governors pattern
Of scales, 1926 pounds d" true weight" and
that a. W. Powers OF this place has half
blood Durham bull that weighed when fifteen
months old, 1925 pounds"