New-York daily tribune. [volume] (New-York [N.Y.]) 1842-1866, 1860-12-01
SONORA AND CHIHUAHUA.
Correspondence Of The N Y. Tribune.
MINERAL DE Ia TRINfDAp. .
Sonora. Mexico. September. 1860.

Sonora Mexico, september, looO.
Up TO the year 1852 the most northern provinces Of
Mexico, the States of Sonora and Chihuahua, were
looked uron AZ on "tcrra inCognita" and even up
10 tits tine have been visited only by few foreign
err who live with few exceptions, in the seaports or
larger towns Of the interior.
Those States occupy area four times larger than
that of Germany or France, and are inhabited by
about 800 600 Indians and halfbreeds, few thousand
whites and some three hundred foreigners of all ma
tions population altogether disproportonate to the
extent Of country. l. therefore, do not say
too much if state that the States OF Sonora and Chi
huahua are almost without any population, fact
which gives them far more interest than they were
thickly settled by 80 miserable wretched, and lazy
race ~ the Indians and bafbrceds of Northern Mexi
co are. And whenever emigration commences to pour
into that country il will find almost all the mines aban
doned and immense tracts of arabic lands unoccupied
hear it often stated that Sonora and chihuahua are
net able to support large population and some 20 no
far 60 to say that they cannot maintain over one or two
millions Of inhabitants. But from what have seen,
and from all the cacula ions i have made, do not
oo Ii that they are capable Of maintaining some fifteen
ons OF inf abitans, to be occupied III mining agrl-
culture, ttock-Iai ing, commerce and manufeiu lag
Almost every one who has Travelled through those
countries cine ON the United States on their way 10
c, GIoli rating through the immense desert which
IL Torn ed Nv the most eastern and northern portion OF
chihuahua, and the northern portion OF sonora, now
called Arizona. Or they came from California, ana
w nj by the land route down 70 Herm0Slil0 or quay
mas ra,sipg through that long and deert-llke strip Of
lind, extending along the Gnlf OF California. But
very few INDEED, have seen the interior OF these cOu
tles and these few have been mere adventures OF the
very lowest description. CAPT Stone, topOgfaphlcaI
o., or and leader of comm sion seEt out 10 make
m e,,ac, snr, ey e the whole State of Sonora as been
a re ident Of Guaymas for nearly two years ana MADE
a survey of that port ard the coasts OF tLe Gun Oi
CalifC mia up TO Il mouth Of the ho C"orado out
=, souera the actual Governor OF Sonora, would not
allow him 10 enter the interior. All the information
Capt Stone therefore Possesses OF tails latter region,
WIS oonmuni, at.d TO him by Others.
A single glance at any map Of the United States ana
Mexico shows the geographical petition OF the two
Siats TO which refer. They are bounded on te west
Nv the Gulf OF California; on the North by the United
States Territory OF Arizona formerly part OF SONORA;
On the esst BY New-Me> leo and Western Texas; ana
ON ire touth by the Mexican States Of Ce1hliI DG-
raT 60 and slDhloas c,.e.
form, IRON the port Of Guymas up The mouth OF Inc
Colombo almost immenfe desert, adapted to grape
r ieir Ina zone Of it, southern paTte, but altogether
u1uh bitaLle and worthless in its northern parir, ana
EoHnas " Us nl6daHOS d. Ia Costa There meddH ",
or sandy deserts commence at Fort fuInas, al the
iunci a of the ella and Colorado Rivers, and extend
WI 10 CabeTra, the port Of Los LobOr IN SONORA
They were ysited and ryersed IN the year 80 nFst
by Col Gr ard party, and soon efterwaId by Ehreh
borg, IOrtOl, ana hfly, VI "Lhh VIC "i''i -
n ird party Ieri-led, and but one OF the menbe
eNed lis lie, undoubtedly by drinking the s.pod OF
one Of Lis conn iOus, whom he may have hIs- 10
moment of desIsir for that purpose.
Tie new Territory Of Arizona Il long Silp Of Lana
yte from the west % the eart, and taxes III the
nnrth of Sonora and Chihuahua. The whole OF us
Ter,itory as we rs The most northern portions oil
n .,e States nav be called desert, N when but "a
tv oases ate found, where agriculture ana Htock-
r,iignay be carried on. A good deal las Deen 5ll
n ,1teI about this Territory, Its mineral wealth,
:, rtIer reagnrces, but only by those w.,ore In
teeft IL was 70 pet high nfice Tor thelr llu' III '''
,a.e, worthless II ines and marbles.
AS tothe II neral wealth OF Arizona feel II l. my
dtv 10 state that up 10 the present moment ont very
a. - ;, mo. of any value have been discovered. Al
I'D M tbe,e ,tay dr. the web known Helntzeilninn
10 now H. uroTerty Of the Sonora Exploring ana
MINI Conpany Sine lsJ6 more than sl10,oVV niNe
ten ext eraed on ths mine, ana yet the result nn
teen OF " few thousand ounces OF silver Inc nio
IL r4tlly "A very rich one, bpt ~ long ~ the 20 ~
h. ldefs are ut ar ith each other, and 40 oht Tue
= su.pement Of the mine u in tbe bands OF n, VINO
90 not understand the least abont siyer IN ihs, 'e
min, nav be- looked upon IN worthless NeAb W
th.. Ueiuzt Imam mine comes tie mlne Oh hr'
Ilre,i erg and OILERS. L. h the property OF lew
ll,r.te individuals, and the works arc carried Oh
N der ,ir own supeTlntendsuce, with honeety ana
iltelheen,e H. result OF tie working Of this uile
has therefore been very fatteiing ole Or'er nll-
courfe a tire break doWH AZ most Of their mines
ste won lefn TIE silver mihHg Of Arizona hDore
nd, oregt many disadvantage md II IL pays any
,rotits al al th. linea must be- extremely rici.
S1ue uerrus have called Arizona the SILVER Slate Oh
IL IN in and 20 20 far IL their assertions hs ~
lint al ZONE future period II WolIa lV u 1Ho
tr,u lity 10 oLe Hundred ILJns Oh ao.l'.s "nN"'NJ