New-York daily tribune. [volume] (New-York [N.Y.]) 1842-1866, 1860-08-07

The mouth Ia n oae end Of this axis whenever we
have system Of circulation, IL consists OF tnos arouna
that opening with radisting tubes extending W Ino
periphery. The whole organization is Determined oy
the reston Of the system 20 the CENTER Having, sns,
this ac.inal axis, you will observe that one OF tne
poles either turned upward or downward IN all these
Subdivisions except the biches de la mer. propose
to call the pole at which the mouth is situated the ac
final pole, and the opposite the abactina pole. Inc
poyps are placed with the actnal pole upwards the star
fishes and seaurchins with it downward. And in the
biche de Ia mer we have the actna axis, the axis OF
motion the actina pole being the anterior pole 10 the
movement Sometimes, in consequence of prepon-
derance IL some Of the animals of some Of these sphe-
the Others there results an apparent bi.
lateral symmetry. l will point this out in one OF
these Jelly fishes so common in our harbors we have
this general outline. Prof. Agassz drew elliptical
Jelly fish, Pairs of spheromeres, larger than the rest.
give an elongated appearance 70 the animal 50 that we
form that It may be readily divided into equal halves.
These are strkngy brought ont as sides in the animal
in consequence of the presence OF two entacles which
are on fatter ed sides Of the body But for all that,
this il perfectly radiate structure as we see when
we notice how the pairs correspond with eacn oner.
Other rsdiates are similarly developed in opposite d.
recoms the tenaces being at the apparent ends OF the
srueure 10 became necessary 10 Distinguish thesetwo
directions by special names In the poyps the mouths
of which are represented in all books IA circle, tine
mouth is an elpse with psirs Of ella along lts sides,
and distinctive folds al one end. propose 10 eau THIS
longer diameter cutting threeOlds, the cobac diane
ter ard the cross diameter the diacelac diameter.
This them is the distinctive type of the radlaes;
spberomeres arrsyed about actiua axis the mouth
pole and the spheromeres exhibiting more or less
of blateral symmetry on cGac diameter. Now let us
no longer say that Mr. y. considers this bryozoon ra-
date and Mr.. Y bold il 10 be mollusk; but let us
ask If ii is built this plan, and if it 10 not let us ex
cnde il from radatss. We must seek such Kno"-
edge of the four types 10 be able to say with posi-
tive certainty by unmistakable test whether the
animal belongs 10 either one. And what have now
shown can be done for the general divisions tnlnx
be done also for the c and the orders ana TOT
f,mes aud genera and speces. Each ls Distinguished
from the other by differences which are IN the type tue
plan from they ~ made. have u say that any tneory
which would assume that animals IDay be derved, III
whatever way, from those Of a different type, must
first show that tn. types transuuable, one INTO
the other. Until this il done, until the fruit of all the
modern labors OF zoology III comparative anatomy ana
scientific Classification are overthroTu, unt the mel
l,ctna transmuabily of all the types If animal life is
shown say that no such theories OF the transmita-
bi)ity Of species can stand. .
When tie applause had subsidized, and the sensation
pro- ueed by the appearance Of Mr. Douglas coming 10
and taking his seat near the desk had died away TIE
second paper read by Prof. A. ID. Bache, upon an
attempt dete mine from the observations made at
Girard College 1870 A., the effect of the moon upon
the daily movement of the magnetic needle. The OBJ
servations and calculations OF European magnetic OBJ
servers had showB that such an effect IL produced.
The Philadelphia observations were divided into three
groups, and the Of each group were found TO
agree with each other, and with the results OF Gen.
Saline and others Fourteen minutes after the moon
s Cd The meridian the needle is IL hundtedths OF
minute westerly of It's position, and Six minutes aer
the moon passes the lower MERIDIAN rs hundredths OF
a minute Yves while about moon-rse and moon SET
the needle s nearly much east OF rs POSITION mere
is alec slight single movement between two successive
EXAMINATIONS of the moon, Just as there IS day as
well az a semi-day lunar tide In the ocean. Further
examinations show greater effect Of the moon IN
Summer than in Winter Moreover II appears that the
effect is probably greater at moon than at ful ana
greater when the moon is north OF the equator tnan
han, 4hn 10
earth greater than when she is at greater dsaace
But be remembered that all these effects are ex'
ceedingly small.
| theoretic value Of such Investigations Of the same
character those by which Leverrier was enabled 10
| discover Neptune.
Prof. ". Chauvenet of the Washington University,
ST. Louis spoke Of the announcement given by these
results 10 the patient observers of facts Only let the
lie observed cOnscentiousy at regular intervals
and carefully recorded for adequate length OF time
and the value will be revealed at some future day.
Prof Bache said that the observations could never
have been taken without the aid Of the pupils OF the
Philadelphia High School, nor printed without the I'D;
crafty blowing 10 Senator Douglass OF the United
from e' Prof CoaEieyy Concerning the theory of the
moons action the needle Prof. Bache said that he
had kept himself as free from all theory and specnia
cover the general facts hidden in the particular facts
observed.
Mr.. Charles Hitchcock explained TO the Association
the geology of the island of Agnidneck, upon which
Newport is situated. In the discussion OF the con-
gomerate and the granite, he advarced the idea OF
Elasticity in the pebbles after their being thrown into
| the conglomera;e.
Prof W. b. Rogers, after commenting the paper in
general very decidedly dssented from the doctrine of
Elasticity and instanced the muffn-shaped pebbles
fon ST. Mary's Bay, used in paving the streets OF
| Boston, The pebbles Of Newport conglomerate are
formed OF rocks which naturally split in long-shaped
pieces, and so form long. shaped pebbles. The ap-
parent ndentaton of pebble by another ne thought
was due to conchodal fracture of the original rock
This led TO an conversation between Messrs
Rogers Whitney, and Nswberry, concerning the suf
cheney OF Prof Rogers views. DR.. Newberry thought
the organic remains of ferns ETC., in the rocks ada
cent TO such distorted congomerate showed that the
rock had been subjected to disturbing forces. The
cleavage III the congtomerae goes directly through the
The chairman, Dr. Gould here announced that it
had been decided to have rain in the afternoon and
that therefore the boats woud start for the fort at ~
o'clock
A paper on the American reindeer carbon, by
Mr. L. +. Cbittenden gave an account OF hi: Observa-
tions and inquiries, principally on the woodland var-
ETY.. The animals live north OF latitude 81. The
smaller carbon lives the dry, barren ground to the
north and the larger woodland variety among the
exter sve marshes drained by the Tributaries of the ST.
| Lawrence and Hudsons Bay. The smaller animal
lives almost exclusively and the larger principally on
lchens The aler, has been said weighs from 80
to 10 pounds and the larger $50 to 800 pounds But
Mr. Chittenden doubts whether there are in fact two
varieties, and thinks that the woodland variety is
simply better fed and better sheltered and therefore
| a larger and faiter portion OF the species.
Capt. +. b. Hunt presented paper on the science
and art OF modern warfare, preparatory to the pro-
leoted visit OF the Association to Fort Adams In the
afternoon. The Fort 1t be used in any other than
q defensive warfare. The education given TO the race
by the pre- araton of military defenses defended
| by Capt. HINT as OF the highest value, to the
rank and file of our modern days. Our national de.
| iepses our national safety, are to be well
provided for only by more thorough pre-