The daily exchange. [volume] (Baltimore, Md.) 1858-1861, 1860-10-09


therefore think it well to put the public on their
guard.
s-aIAs1a1@-a~-~~---r----~n~pSz-~-
That the shadows of coming events as sharply
define, to the initiated, what the nature and ten
dency of those events viii be, rs if they had al
ready ranspired, is rs much of truism as that
mystery is no mystery at all to the priest of the
oracle. No better illustration of this axiom can
be given than is afforded by brief glance at the
origin and progress Of the war in Italy Those
who only trace it back to the day when the Aus
TRANS rashly crossed the Ticino or to the curt
speech of Louis NAPOLEON to the Austrian Embas-
sador on the New Years day preceding, altogether
forget what led to those incidents. The revolu
ton in Italy was by no means so sudden and alb
rupt. 1t had been silently in preparation for
years previously. VICToR EMMANUEL had devoted
himself by solemn VOW to avenge the defeat at
at Novarh, In 1910, and the death of his father,
which followed soon afterwards. Count CAyoUR
both as journalist and statesman, had patiently
exerted, year after year, his great Abilities to
bring about those changes in public opinion which
were necessary to the contamination of his own
plans and the long-cherished desire Of his sover-
eign. His object in sending Sandman troops to
the Crimea was 10 give to Sardinia European
reputation, and claim to be represented at any
international Congress that might subsequently be
held That claim was acknowledged by the adj
mission of Count CAvoUR to a seat in the Conven.
ton which was held at Paris to agree upon the
terms OF peace with Russia. 1t was then, for the
first time, that CAyOUs laid publicly before the re-
preseniatives of the Great Powers the grievances
under which Italy labored Those grievances
were admitted 10 exist by all the diplomatists pre-
sent except the representatives Of Austria: but no
remedy was proposed, and, if any had been sug.
gested, it is ques enable whether its application
would have been sanctioned England, though
sympatheuc, was not at all inclined to consent TO
any active interposition. Prussia could not move
in the matter out of consideration for Austria
Russia was suffering too much from her recent
losses in the Crimea to undertake TO become the
champion of Italy, even if her traditional pol
icy had not been adverse TO the newly-broached
theory Of nationalities. France alone remained
free 10 act, aud to France CAvoUR locke FOR that
assistance which he could not find elsewhere
LOUIS NAPOLEON had long mediated the liberia
ton of Italy. In 1881 he had fought in
the ranks Of the insurgents, who were
driven by the Austrians from Bologna, and he
and his elder brother, who died at Forli during
the retreat, had price set upon their heads by
the Ausrians, who made the strictest search after
them. LOUIS NAPOLEON escaped from Italy in
disguise, and after many vicisstudes of fortune
was elevated in l848 10 the Presidency of the
French Republic. Eight months later he wrote
cpieDrn ted - tn D,-,o1 oc
airs. In that letter he asserted ''that the French
'Republc had not sent an army to Rome to
Smother Italian liberty, but, on the contrary to
regulate it, by defending it from its own excess
''es, and declared the conditions essential to the
perfect re-estahishment of the PopE's temporal
power to beta general amnesty, secularization
''of the administration, the Code NAPOLEON and
'lberal government" None of those conditions
were observed. The disaffection of the people of
all the re-conquered Italian provinces, was not
only not allayed, but grew yearly more profound
and menacing Sardinia alone enjoyed a const-
tutional form of government but even the liber-
ties of Sardinia were not safe so long as they
rested simply on the forhearance of Austria, who
held Venetia and Lombardy, and shaped the
policy of Naples and Rome, and of the minor
Italian provinces There is a tradition current
in Italy, Of chamber, which WAS so constructed
that by the operation of external machinery its
walls could be slowly brought together until
they crushed, by their compression, the victim
that was enclosed within them. The situation of
Sardinia, hemmed in as she was between the
Mincio and the Alps, and with Austrian garri-
sons threatening the whole of her frontier line
from Lake Maggiore TO the Gulf of Genoa, was
not altogether dissimilar, and there was no way
Of escaping the danger which menaced her exist
ence, but by uniting all Italy in her cause The
sad experience of l848 had, however, shown that
nothing could be accomplished against the power
OF Austria unless the efforts of the Italians them
selves We're aided and supported by foreign bayo-
nets. community of sentiment on the Italian
question led to the alliance that was formed be-
tween France and Sardinia, and-strauge to say
the first iu'imation Of the events that were i'm
pending, given to the world by the Arch
bishop of Paris, in his mysterious forewarning
addressed to the assembled Clergy at the close of
the great rardte which took place at the Church
of st. Sulpice about two years ago. We pub
lished, early in November, 1858, the substance of
that remarkable speech, in which the Archbishop
limited darkly of frighful calamity i'm
pending over the Church, and solemnly ad-
lnonished his hearers to endeavor to avert it
by prayers and HASTINGS and good works.
There were very few who knew at that time
what the nature of the danger was which the dis
tngushed prelate was not permitted to reveal,
and the religious circles of Paris were greatly
exercised in endeavoring to ascertain the true
solution of the mystery. A war on the Italian
peninsula, and the probable extinction of the
temporal power of the Pope, were events that an.
peared TO be too remote and improbable to be put
forward as an explanation of the Imminent and
''deadly peril" which, according to the Arch
bishop, the Roman Church was abont to confront
Indeed, so secure in his seat did Pro Mono feel.
and so little apprehensive was he of any serious
disturbances occurring in the States of the Church.
that on or about the time that the Archbishop Of
Paris was counseling his clergy TO fast and pray,
the venerable Pontiff was projecting pilgrimage
10 Jerusalem. An English paper late in Septem-
Der, 1858, thus announced the fact:
His Holiness the Pope is singulary quiet this
mer IN the ample halls Of the Vatican he active
and errauc last year. through his dominions and
those OF his Immediate neghbors But IL repo speaks
true, the year 1859 is to witness mnch more distant
excursion on the part OF his Holiness than any has
undertaken since his diplomatic mission as Nuncjo 10 the
Republic Of Chilli Since the recognized snnremacv OF
the See of Rome throughout Christendom we have no
instance of the supreme Pontf ever yepturing nnon
pilgrimage to the Holy Land and it indeed d;at m
Imagine what would be the etiquette 70 be ~
served personages of such exalted postons
and such mixed attributes the Pope and the Sltan
is nevertheless rumored in several credible Quarters
that Pho Nono who has already ven tured upon many
stems that his cautious predecessor would
dreamed Of is determined to add to the memorabilia ii
his reign Papal Pilgrimage to Palestine, with the full
consent and appreciation Of the Sultan Abdul Medjdn
The above extract from the letter of an English
correspondent in Rome, dated rather over two
years ago, is curious as foreshadowing, uncon'