davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Kanawha Valley star. [volume] (Charleston, Va. [W. Va.]) 1856-1861, 1860-03-05
Commissioners Sale Of 1900 acres Of
valuable Land ON, Coal river in Ka.
naWha County, Va.

s4 + II x 4 + +
DY virtue Of d decree Of the Circuit Court
ID for Kanawha County, rendered at its
Spring Term, 1883 in a certain chaneery
cause therein depending, wherein Richard v.
Whelan is complainant, and the heirsaof Ed
ward Kenna and others are Defendants, the
undersigned Special Commissioner appointed
BY said Court fort that purpose, will on
Monday ne 1911 dog Of March. 1860.
sell at public auction, ii, front Of the Court
House Of Kanawha county, to the highest
bidder, certain tract of land, OF which Ed
ward Kenna died seized on Coal Tiyertim said
county, containing 4 1000 acres more orless, or
somuch thereof as may be necessary to pay
the debt, interest and costs of said suit and
Of the sale, amounting to some $3.50. Said
land is particularly described apd set out in
the papers in said cause. I
Terms of Sale.--H credit Of 9, Hi6 and al
months taking from purchaser bonds with
approved security, bearing interest from day
of sale, and title retained until full payment
as further security.
IS 40 Special Conf I.
Kanawha Valley star. [volume] (Charleston, Va. [W. Va.]) 1856-1861, 1860-03-05
TOLL GATE HoUs9
FKAKAWsHAE SALlNRs.

rs tSSttN NftitfA - LILY hPs 80 -
THIs hodse las been thstoukhit s,s,,.s
II and made cpuferts bles ID esery iss ,s.
10 the travelling community ii M. $500
kept BY G. Watson. but is no n nrd., ~
supervision Of the undersigned. TIE -, -
are comfortable sn8 neat, and tSS tahls e -.
unsurpassed By any On the road. I'm add;,; ~
il is the regular steam boat landing for an w.
boats that run our RIVER. In addiEion, \ 80 -
comfortable outer rooms for travelsr, I nj -.
lies. Ny stable will accommodate al 800.
and drosers will find it cheaper u eau Il NJ
house thanisBy other ON the rosdl -
For the benefit ofIthe travelling comm. -;
have. inserted the departures cl The .svs,.f
steamers that rnn our river s =
Ellen Gray, Tuesday of each wdek.
" Kanawha Valley, Wed nesbay Of eaek v..S \
A. w. Quarries, Satnfdsy - !.
Gallipolis packet, ever other dhy.
All of which boats stop at nv ltnainr. an$
their baggage hauled to the boat frse Of hsfIS.
JOHN H. JONES.
October mn, $50. as 81
Kanawha Valley star. [volume] (Charleston, Va. [W. Va.]) 1856-1861, 1860-03-05
LAND FOR SALE.

TIME undersigned being desirous 10 move to
u the State offfexas, will sell, for cash, ID
Valuable Far1aa.
lying on the Kanawha river, one mile below
Putnam Court House, containing T WO
HUNDRED ACRES-l75 of which is ext
cellent Kanawha Bottom. The said Land has
upon il three commodious Dwelling Houses
and the necessarYoH houses attached to them
and two Apple Orchards Of select fruit--one
containing eight Acres. the other one acre ~
The title is beyond dispute. Any person
wishing to purchase a good Farm would do
well to give Us call. Is "a
NJ. al. SUMMERS,
psi b. SUMMERS, "A
3. ii. CHAMBERS,
Putnam G. a :, Va. Dec! ts, 4s59-35Itf
Kanawha Valley star. [volume] (Charleston, Va. [W. Va.]) 1856-1861, 1860-03-05
NOTfCE.

DERsONS having accounts and claihs
4 against Eliza Hegeman Administrative
oEthe estate Of Doct. Adrian Hegeman are
requested 70 lay the same before me on before
the list March next for settlement, atmy Office
in Charleston, Kanamha.
1a Is THO MAS SMITH,
sComMissioner Comfy Court.
January 18th ts6o. s 81 q
Kanawha Valley star. [volume] (Charleston, Va. [W. Va.]) 1856-1861, 1860-03-05
In ChanterI.y.

Samuel Smoot compl't. slE#
t+ VI. H.
James Pines. Zachariah Rob. In Chancery.
erts. Alden Thompson. An
deTson s. Fulton and Hen
ny H. Hopkins, Def'ts. EE
The object of this suis Is 70 retain an IN :
@hibit the defendants from all fufthe: proceed
ings on q decree rendered by the Circuit
Court OF Raleigh county directing the sale OF
certain tract Of land lyingin the county Of
Boone. on the Pond fork Of Little Goal river,
containing one thousand acres, Rnil the faf-
tfer order Of the Court. AndIit appearing
from satisfactory evidence thatfAhs defend
ants, James Pines, zachariah Roberts, Alden
Thompson, are non-residents Of this Common
wealth; 1t 10 ordered that they do appear
here xithin one month after due pulAlication
81 this order, and do what is NECESSARY to
protect their interests in the premises.
Teste, J. e. SToLLINGSl CLERK.
SAnuKIS, sol. ~
Kanawha Valley star. [volume] (Charleston, Va. [W. Va.]) 1856-1861, 1860-03-05
Commissioner, Sale of a Tract Of Land
on Davis Creek.

OOmmlSSI0neI,S SAFE Oh IdCt OIL LANA
on Davis Creek.
DY virtue of d decree of the County Court
ID ofKanawha county rendered in cauise
therein pending. in which John G. Shrews-
bury is plaintiff, and Margaret Pauley and
Others are defendants, shall, Jas Special
Commissioner on "
Monday tie 18Th March merit, i
it being Court day, sell at public auction in
front Of sthe Court House door, to the highest
bidder, certain parcel Of land lying in said
county on Brief Creek, it being that portion
of the land of said Padiey set aside as the
dover Of his widow, and portion Of the tract
ia acres Of which was heretofore sold by me
in same case. The purchaser to take posses
sion at the death OF the said widow For
move particular description see commissioners
report filed in the cause.
Terms Of Sale.S-A credit Of months, ex-
cept for costsIand commissions which will be
required. JNO.@ s.. SWAMI, Com'r.
Kanawha Valley star. [volume] (Charleston, Va. [W. Va.]) 1856-1861, 1860-03-05
.HzEc1aange Hotel,
n. q. BUDDING, Propfietor,

WINFIELD, PUTNAM co IVA.
THIS establishment has lately been tskss
i in chargeby Mr.. D., and has been ftoro-
ughly 'refitted fot the accommodation Of trsv
eieEs and boafdeTs. His table Is welf.sup.s
pliedrwith all the market affords. HIS stablipI
is excellent and he has plenty Of Grain and
Hay for holses. His Servants are attentise
I'm fact. il is just such aRHouse as hasIbesn long
needed at that place. Prices mode1ste-giEe
hjmsa call. A5I
Kanawha Valley star. [volume] (Charleston, Va. [W. Va.]) 1856-1861, 1860-03-05
Regular Kanawha & Galiipoiis Packet
VICToH,
S. CHRTsTY,d eTs7k ~ w. T. THATEH
Captain, -. - 4 C1erl
wILL Run As FoLLows !:

I !. Will Kun As FULLOWS.
Leaves Kanaioha iSdlines every Monday
Wednesday and FRIDAY. Leaves GGlRpolis
every Tuesday, Thursday and Saturday.
Every attention paid to Passengers and
Freight. Being very light draft boat, 1.-THE
lightest in the trade,) she will run at ali
times when not detained by ice E
Kanawha Valley star. [volume] (Charleston, Va. [W. Va.]) 1856-1861, 1860-03-05
VIRGINIA. HOUSE,
NEAR STEAMBOAT LANDING,

NEAR STEAMBOAT LANDING,
POINT PLEASANT, VA
THIS Hotel has lately been put in TIE
u rough repaired and is now one Of he
best arranged Hotels in Western ytfRihis.-4
The proprietor pledges himself to do al. in BE
power to rended those who may patrcnize hin.
comfortable, when they may stop at hb
House. Prices moderate.
4:49 r. B. HACKNEY, Proprietor.
Kanawha Valley star. [volume] (Charleston, Va. [W. Va.]) 1856-1861, 1860-03-05
SUPPORT
HOME MECHANICS.

fTHE subScribefs having formed a co-part-
II nershipS would respectfully solicit the
patronage Of the citizens of Charleston and
vicinity. They ATE prepared 70 do all kinds Of
lx61aadt1a1ng
4 And will pay partculaf attention to setting
up anticipating All kinds of machinery will
make iron failiRgsj &C.. &c. They hope by
their attention to BUSINESS. and by the quality
of their work, ID merit a liberal share oil
patronage. POTTER Il WRITTEN 81
North Charleston, Va, near Blbby's Mir,
Dec. 5, 1858. II: ~ 5s3s IS E
Kanawha Valley star. [volume] (Charleston, Va. [W. Va.]) 1856-1861, 1860-03-05
Ladies' Take Notice i

Ladies' Take Notice !!
THAT hsse just received sslarge and
i complete assortment of
y Fancy Articles,
Such as Cosogues, 5
Perfumeryf
Hair BrHshes,
ToothBrushes, *.
4 Perfume Sachets,
2 Saek Pomatum, (
Portmonaies. n
Fancy Soap,
&. Meen-Fun, H.
SEt Lily White,
H5 Flayoring Extracts,
sE Iadelihle Inks, rs
Pomatums,
Tibir Oils.
- Penoa Sharpeners,
doll Bibles, 'Ia
Perfume Bpxes,
And, in short. $nything that may be called
for. Also rtfesce lot of
J coEFEcTIoNARIEs.
PoFTEpf MEATs 4
Anchoyy,. #s
Shrimps
Tongue, Ham, t.
., BeefAAc., DC,
MAmalades- t-e,s-
BANNED Strawberries,
s.Peaches.
NE VII Pine Apple,
.sH Pickles,
81. Onions,
~ Cucumbers,
Chow Chow,
DE Tomatoes, 81 E9
] - as Sardines, al.
e - ssOysters. Is ---
Ssckled Olives, u III
Lilaes, u
., CornsStarch, IN
- Capers@s
] Walnut Gssup, s
Tomato CatslIp,
Mushroom Catsup.
Lemon syr,W 81
Raspberry Syrup,
~ Salad on, /
RaisiAs,
J FTMleS,
r. + Dates,
EFigs,
s Fancy Candy,
Cream Dates,
a Cream Figs,
Almonds,
&E Pecans,
Hs &es DC.
AlsoIa large lot Of SIS
Turner's Celehsated Ginger Wine, Rasp-
berry Brand5, blackberry Brandy.
= Forest Wktfe Bitfers, Ladies,
Wine, &c., &C..
Call in and sss for yourselves, as L shall
take pleasure II showing my goods, whether
you wish to purchase or not.
GAS,ToN NoRvELL.
Kanawha Valley star. [volume] (Charleston, Va. [W. Va.]) 1856-1861, 1860-03-05
TILLER & PERRELr,l sol.s. ~ AZ

VIRGINIA, IS Sat rules held in the
W Clerk Office of the Circuit Court Of
Putnam County, in the Month Of February,
1860.
Ro. N. B.. Thompson In debt, to recover
VS.. the sum si07, With
III. g. McComas, interest and costs.
!. And it appearing by affidavit fled that the
defendant, n. c. Mccomas, is rlonFtesident
Of the Commonwealth Of Virginia Its or
dered that he do appear here within one
month after the due publication Of this order,
and do what's necessary to protect hfsinter-
est in the premises. teste,
J. T.. MIDDLETON, dept for
Ro. +. HARVEY, CPk.
4, McEINNis n n +slz.a l4t' 40
Kanawha Valley star. [volume] (Charleston, Va. [W. Va.]) 1856-1861, 1860-03-05
Il PARKERS BURG
MARBLE w ORKS

ANDREW YOUNG,
sDealerl5in Marble, Market street, near
the. Public Square, Parkersburg, Va,
II EEPS constantly on hand, the best OF
IN Italian aud American Marble and will
ma kesto ordef op short notice,
Monuments,
.i yTombs- Stones,
Nantes,
Bureau and
Table Tops, DC,
And all articles manufactured in his ling,
out O 5the best Foreigh and Domestic Marble,
id good taste, and skiilfai workmanship.
Orders from Kanswha Valley and else
where promptly attended 10 on the shortest
notice. 4E69
Kanawha Valley star. [volume] (Charleston, Va. [W. Va.]) 1856-1861, 1860-03-05

lin AT rules held in the CIefk's Office OF
The Circuit Court 81 CabelI Gbnnty on the
first monday III the month Of February, 1850.
Hiram Campbell George Will
lard, John .Culbeftsou, A.
ID. James and Vim. Small
/. wood, surviving partners OIL lii Chancery
the late firm Of Mensns, and upon an
rh5 Clark 4 Co, Complainantss attachment.
fls against IlE.a8
John w. Savage Myron G.
N Farlony and George DIske, ~
n Def'ts. n.
The object Of this suit issto feeoyer from
the defendants the sum Of sevsnteen bundled
and eighty-two dollars and sikty-tWo cents
with interest thereon from The 10Th day 81
October, 1858, and the costs said debt Is
upon the transcript Of q judgment rendered
against said defendants MsronfC Fariony and
John W Savage, sin thei Court OF common
pleas Of Knox County and State Of Ohio in
the first iibsdivision of the sixth Judicial
district of saidState. And it appearing from
affidavit filed Id the papers Of this cause, that
the defendants. John w. Savage, Myron-C q.
FELONY and George Drake arsnop, reside nls
Of the State OF Virginia II is ordered that
they do appear here within one month after
due publication Of this order, and do Whist rs
necessary to protect their Interest in the
Il H. H.WoOD, Clerk
Kanawha Valley star. [volume] (Charleston, Va. [W. Va.]) 1856-1861, 1860-03-05

VYIRGINIA, IS AT rules held in the
VI Clerks ofiee Of the Circuit Court of Lo-
gan county on the first Mondry in January,
1860. T. ).
Mary Hunt,
X VS.. In sChancety.la =
Francis H. D. Hunt,
1t appearing by affidavit edthat the de-
fendant is not resident of this State, and
1.-THE object Of this suit being to obtain 9 de.
cree Of divorce On motion By counsel it is
ordered that the said Francis H. d. Hunt do
appear within one month after due pnbl-,
cation OF this order, and do what IL necessary
to protect his interest in.the premises.
Copy teste, WIN. STRAToN, CLERK.
-fEot NOTICE.
Mr.. Francis H. D. Hunt. you will take no.
tiee that at the house Of Jacob Cline, date
dec d. in the county OF Logan State of Viz
ginia, on theei6th day Of March, 1860, ! shall
proceed 10 take the Dispositions of Jane
Cline, and Others to. be read as evidence on
my behalf in the above suit, this 4th day Of
February, 1850. MARY HUNT,
4 TuTrD A. Pr rfY anlta stt 40
Kanawha Valley star. [volume] (Charleston, Va. [W. Va.]) 1856-1861, 1860-03-05

TOfiN P. HALEis Fine Table Sale, fer sale
: - N.RAyr.ss
Kanawha Valley star. [volume] (Charleston, Va. [W. Va.]) 1856-1861, 1860-03-05

v Clerks Once Of the CIRCUIT Court of
Boone County, in the month 1of February,
Kanawha Valley star. [volume] (Charleston, Va. [W. Va.]) 1856-1861, 1860-03-05

He would $40 cali attention to his large
and complete Resentment Of !,
GoaIDd1 IaanaDal
NEW AfsD BEAUTIFUL STYLE,
with all the EATEST IMPROVEMENTS.
which he is#sonstantly receiving from the
East. So
Goal OIL
Manufacturee stt this plHce and superior 10 any
made in this sduntry, which he will sell for
Cash Only.
LIQUORS:
Sparkling Qawba, Canary Wins,
Still 4 s' schiedam Schnappss
Champagne Cognac Brandy,
ClaHets #s Bourbon Whisky,
MADEIRA Wiae, E. /. Bitters,
Port Wine. Stomach Bitters,
In short. eytfything you may want in. his
line. and whisA be will selhcheaPfor' CASH
or NO CASH s.
5 Doors above Steamboat Landing.
Jan, s5th. 1s59 z 40.
Kanawha Valley star. [volume] (Charleston, Va. [W. Va.]) 1856-1861, 1860-03-05

MILL run asa regular packet between
w Kanawhs Sslines and Cincnfnsti: 81
Leaves Kanawha Salines every "Wednesday.
Arrives at Cincinnati every Thursaays
Leaves Cincinnati every Saturday Ar
riyes at Kanawha Salines every Monday. II
Passengers and shippers may rely upon her
punctuality All orders entrusted. to The care
of the boat will be punctnally attended 10.
. Feb. 6, go. Sal
Kanawha Valley star. [volume] (Charleston, Va. [W. Va.]) 1856-1861, 1860-03-05
NYIRGINIA. IS /.

N7IRGINIA,s IS !.
i'm AT rules held in the CIkfk's Office Of
The Circuit Court 81 CsbelI Cbnnty on the
first monday in the month Of February, 1850.
Kanawha Valley star. [volume] (Charleston, Va. [W. Va.]) 1856-1861, 1860-03-05
HOWARD ASSOCIATION,
j PHII.AnETPHIA

4 BeneUoleDt Institution, establishe d By spe.
eial sdotoHent for the relief qfthe SICK
and distressed, afflicted NTH FiT- s ~
mleat and Epidemic diseaxe.a H4A
Monmouth weekly herald. [volume] (Freehold, N.J.) 1854-1860, 1860-02-16
Every Man His own Insurer.

The following suggestion to house
Keepers, merchants and those erecting
new buildings, may not be yalueless
Keep matches in metal boxes, and oui
OF reach of children. Wax matches are
particularly dangerous, and should be
kept out Of the way Of rats aud mice.
Fill fluid and camphene only by day
light, and never near fire or light. Fan
better dispense with them altogether.
Do not deposit wood or coal ashes in
wooden vessels, and be sure sinders are
extinguished before deposited.
Never take a light or ashes under the
staircase.
Never take light to examine the gas
meter.
Be careful never to place gas or other
light near curtains.
Never take light into closet.
Place glass shades over gas lights ir
show windows, and do not crowd goods
too near them.
No smoking should be allowed in ware
houses or barns.
Where furnaces are used, the principal
register should always be fastened open
Build all chimneys from the earth.
Stove pipes should be at least four
inches from woodwork, guarded by tin,
and cutter substantial brick. chimneys
horizontally.
Monmouth weekly herald. [volume] (Freehold, N.J.) 1854-1860, 1860-02-16
Curious. Concentration.

There were once married at Durham,
9. b., an old lady and gentleman. involv
ing the following interesting connections
We understand them perfectly, and hope
the reader will also
THE old gentleman Is married to his
daughters husbands mother in law, and
his daughters husbands wife's mother
And yet she is not his daughters mother
but she is his grand chi!dren's grand
mother, and his wife's grand children
are his daughters stepIchildren. Conse-
quently the old lady is united in the
bonds of holy matrimony and conjugal
affection to her daughters brother in
laws father in law, and her great grand
childrens grand mothers step father
SO that her son,in-law may say to his
children, Your grand mother is mar
ried to my father in-law, and yet he is not
your grand father but!he is your. grand
mothers son-in laws wise's father. ii
The gentleman married his son in-law's
father.in-law'swife and he is bound to
support and protect her for life. His
wife is his son.in-law's childrens grand
mother, and his soa-in laws sister-in.
laws grand children's great grand moth
err
Monmouth weekly herald. [volume] (Freehold, N.J.) 1854-1860, 1860-02-16
Orr Relations with China.

The new treaty with China was to be
come operative on and after the 24th o.
November last. Mr.. Ward, in annonn
cling this fact, also states that the two
new ports-Swatow, in the province Of
Fuhkin, and Fairwan, in the island oil
Formosa-would afford an entry to
American trade on the irst day Of Janu
airy, 1860. The other ports now open
for our commerce are Canton, Annoy
Fuhchau, Nlngpo and Shanghai. These
are to he added to as the necessities oil
trade shall demand, or as the treatic;
with other powers shall give an equal
right. The privilege of residence at, or
journeys to aud from, any OF these places
is guaranteed to American merchants and
their families, as well as transient ira
ders. The treaty of Wanghia-tha o.
1o53-is understood to be yet in force
relative to the tariff Of duties@on article.
Of export or import. unless future trea
ties with other powers shall reduce the
rates, IL being expressly understood that
our citizens shall never be called upon
for higher duty THAI is paid by the
most favored nation.
Monmouth weekly herald. [volume] (Freehold, N.J.) 1854-1860, 1860-02-16
AnTxtinguisher.

DR.. x. attended masquerade ball..
In the motley and happy Ihrong be falls
in with fair pilgrim in black silk, whose
charming person, snow.white neck. and
bewitchingly coquettish airs awaken in
his soul the most rapturous love. She
casts upon him looks of the most Ian.
gushing tenderness. He reyels in the
hope of having made blisslul conquest.
He musters up his courage and ventures
to address her:
who art thou, lovely mask?" asks the
doctor, almost melted il the glow Of
love.
1 rs it possible you do not know me,
doctor?" -
upon my honor do not know thee"
"Bethink YOURSELF dear DOCTOR" se
"Ah ! thou art surely the gracious fai.
ry who has appeared to me to day for
the fourth time, to open to ne the gates
of bliss" r.
q You are mistaken, doctor; l am no
fairy"
"Ah! who art thou. then?" I.
Il am the well known lady to whom
you have now these nine weeks been in
debted in the sum of two dollars aud sew
en- shillings for washing and ironing.n 0
The doctor stood like petreied has-
ring.
Monmouth weekly herald. [volume] (Freehold, N.J.) 1854-1860, 1860-02-16
Our Scrip Book
OUR FOREMOTHERs

We hear enough about our forefathers
They were nice old fellows, no doubt
Perfect bricks III their way. Good tc
work, eat, or fight. Very WE'LL. Bui
where are their companions, their chums
who as their helpmates urged them along?
Who worked and delved for. our forefs.th
ers, brushed up their old clothes, and
patched their brooches? Who unpetti
coated themselves for the cause of liner
ty? Who nursed our forefathers when
sick, sang Yankee Doodle to their ba
bies? Who trained up their boys9 Our
foremothersl s
Who landed at James River, and came
over in the Mayaower, and established
the other early settlements? Were there
any women among themf One would
think not. Our Yankee neighbors, es
pecially, make wonderful talk about the
Pilgrim Fathers who squatted on Plym
outh Rock, and there is great ado made
over It every time they wish to get up a
little enthusiasm on liberty, and refresh
themselves by growing over freedom; and
the chiva!ry Of Virginia are not Wait
behind them, when they take notion to
vaunt themselves upon the glory and
greatness of the Old Dominion; and our
staid Pennsylvania Quakers. too, like to
plume themselves slyly upon the merits
and doings of William Penn and his as.
sociates; but with all the "blarney" SO
plentifully distributed on all sides. what
do we hear or gather about the. foremoth-
ers? Didn't they land on rock, too?
Didn't they encounter perils and hard.
ships? And, after all, didn't they. with
their kind hearts warm their companions,
keep the stalwart but chilly old forefath
ers from freezing to death, during those
horrible cold winters. W. ich some of them
had to SILVER through
We have our monuments c0mmem0ral
ting, and our speeches, our songs, our
toasts, and our public dinners, celebra
ting the wonderful deeds of our forefath
ers, but where are those in honor of our
foremothers? We had better be getting
them ready. We talk ourselves hoarse
and write ourselves round shouldered,
while boiling over with enthusiasm about
the nice things our forefathers did, and
yet nothing is said about our foremoth
ers, to whom many virtuous act and
brave deed may be ascribed, such as any
hero would be proud to own. Besides,
we forget to remember, that if it had not
been for our foremothers. we ourselves
would not be here to know, and be proud
of what our forefethers did.
We wish not to detract. All hail to
the noble boys, our forefathers, say We,
May the glory of their deeds never be
less, but the good book tells US to "ren-
der unto Caesar, etc., and we wish to
speak word in season for women gener
ally, and especially for our notle ana
selt-sacrifcing foremothers, least time
and the ouesided page of history shall
blot them forever from our memories.
Monmouth weekly herald. [volume] (Freehold, N.J.) 1854-1860, 1860-02-16
Signature Of the Cross.

The mark which persons who are una
ole to write are required to make instead
OF their signature, is in the form of a
cross, and this picture having formerly
been followed by kings and mobiles. Is
constantly referred to as an instance OF
the deplorable ignorance of ancient
times. This signature is not however.
invariably proof of such ignorance;
anciently, the use Of this mark was moi
confined to illiterate pei sonsi TO: amongst
the Saxons the mark Of the cross, as an
attestation of the good faith of the PEI
son signing, was required to be attached
to the signature of those that could write.
as we'll as to stand in the place Of the
signature of those who could not write.
La those times if man could write or
even read, his knowledge was considered
proof presumptiye that he was in holy
orders. The word clericue or clerk was
synonymous with penman; and the laity,
or people who were not clerks, did not
ieel any urgent necessity for the use of
letters. The ancient use Of the cross was
therefore universal alike by those who
could and those who could not write it
was indeed, the symbol of an oath from its
holy associations, and generally the marx
On this account Mr.. Charles Knight, in
his notes to the pictorial Shakespeare, ex-
plains the expression of . God save the
mark" as form Of ejaculation approach
ing to the character of an oath. This
phrase occurs three or more times in the
plays of Shakespeare; but hitherto it has
been left by the commentators in its orig
inal obscurity.