The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1860-09-25

| within the brief term Of Lincolns adminiStra-
| ton.
| Garibaidi In NapleE-The New Era OF
Italy, and Its Bearing ON Europe.
Garibaldi has entered Naples, aud Victor
Emanuel has ordered his troops to occupy the
Roman Marches, in order "to prevent the po-
pular hatred from unloosing itself against the
| oppressors of the country
The Importance Of these two events, which
come to us in the news from Europe by the
Adriatic, cannot be over estimated They indi.
cate the early triumph Of the Napoleonic po-
Ley In Italy, which aims at q reconstruction Of
ancient and enduring forms upon the new
elements Of the present age. For twenty CEN
turtles the national intellect and life of the TIA
liam peninsula have been oppressed by strangers,
and rendered almost abortive by intestine divi-
sions and foreign rule; yet, If we follow its
history backward on the stream Of time, we find
that, even in its decay and almost impotence
1t has beer the cradle of much Of our present
civilization and art; that still farther back it
was the guardian of our faith before that II re-
ceived and expanded the elements Of the expir-
ing civilization Of Greece, long previous to
which We find ii the only founder of States on
the great principles of justice and the inventor OF
constitutional law These were the great source
Of life Of the Roman republic, and constituted
the power which enabled it to bind for 80 many
ages many heterogeneous peoples In one State.
The simple exclamation, IL am q Roman ciu-
zen,- preserved the individual from oppression
and spoliation by local tyrants and military
rulers, and secured Judgment on his rights
under the great principles Of Roman law. The
degeneracy of the empire has been initiated In
the trsnsitory creations Of Charlemsgne, the
hollow assumptions Of the Austrian and Russian
empires, and the imperious spiritual sway which
the Church of Rome has sought to perpetuate.
But the entrance of Gsribaldi into Naples and
the advance Of Victor Emanuels troops into the
Papal States to establish the rule OF law and
Justice, are events which verge on the re-
establishment Of the Italian nation on the only
permanent principles on which society can be
constituted. An Italian kingdom Of twenty-six
millions Of people, freely working under the
great scheme of regulated liberty. must pro-
duce vast results in Europe. We pass over its
effects in the material point of view; for how
ever great these may be. they viii be far sur.
passed by the moral md political events that
viii follow. The Papal empire becomes re-
duced now TO . mere spiritual expression, In
which II will be more powerful for good than
ever before, and impotent for evil, which II
should always have been. The Italian intel
lect will now be able to work ont Its mission
under the forms which II created, and which so
long constituted the life and energy Of the
Roman republic. Their modernization into q
constitutional monarchy will preserve those
forms from the degeneracy that attended them
in the time Of the Caesars, and perpetuate their
influence In the affairs Of continental Europe
And II Is there that we may look for
the chief results Of Louis Napoleon's
Italian policy. With Latin kingdom or
ganized on truly constitutional principles, alb.
soiutism becomes impossible in France, and
must disappear from Austria and Russia
The logical mind OF Louis Napoleon has seen
this clearly and acted upon IL. He knows that
the Napoleonic dynasty can only hope TO re-
main on the French throne by making that
thrne a constitutional one He foresees that
a constitutional throne cannot be permanently
established In France until similar thrones exist
around il. These can be created only BY driv-
ing the Austrian dynasty from Italy and Ger
many, and when this is accomplished no man
claiming 10 rule by virtue of the grace OF
Cod can drive the Napoleonic dynasty from
France. There will be no more empires to
make common cause against the liberties
Of the French people. Hence the entrance
Of GaribAldi into Naples Is the signal, not
Of the overthrow Of King Bomba- sig
nal we have seen long since but OF the
overthrow Of dynastic rule throughout Eu-
rope. France. Austria and Russia must
acknowledge the ruling idea Of constitutional
government BY this we do not mean OF con-
situations granted by kings In moments Of fear.
10 be taken away By them when confidence and
pride again sway them, but constitutions made
and enacted by the people through their leaders
and representatives.
What may be the effects OF this rc-establsh-
ment of the national life Of Italy upon Its own
mind and energies time only can reveal. But
We cannc, ovv estimate their value The
people who FIRE, worked out the problem Of po-
liticel society, who rrasped and improved the
intellectual develorerent Of Grscian civi'iz,.
J ticn. vic eclargsd the foundations a1d per.