New-York daily tribune. [volume] (New-York [N.Y.]) 1842-1866, 1860-10-10
RUSSIA USING AUSTRIA-THE MEETING
AT WARSAW.
Fros Our Own Correspondent.


FsOs Our Own Correspondent.
BERLIN 18th September, 1860.
or all the countries in Europe, Germany pre-
rents, al this moment, the most curious, the most
intricate, and the most lementable spectacle. The
real state of German affairs will be best understood
from a simple juxtaposihOn OF two facts, the
recent meeting of tie German National Association
at COburg, and the impending meeting of the prin'
sipal Germsn princes at Warsaw. While the
terner aspires 10 the unifcsOn of the iatherland,
by abandoning German Austria and con6ding in
Prussia, the Regent of Prussia himself rests his
prospects of resistance against French aggression
upon the restoration Of the Holy Alliance under
Russian auspices. Russian Foreign policy, as Is
well known does not care one straw for principles,
in the common meaning of the term. 1t Ia neither
eRitimist nor revolutionary, but improves all OPP
portuuites of territorial ACKNOWLEDGEMENT with the
same facility whether they be obtained by siding with
ngureent peoples or with struggling Princes. In
regard to Germany, it has become the lnVarlaoe
policy Of Russia to shift sides. She hrSt combines
with France in order to break the resistance OF
Austria 70 her Oriental schemes, and then sides
with Germany in order to enfeeble France ana
draw a bill upon German gratitude to be DIS
counted ON the Vstula or the Danube.
In the progress of European comphca-
tiOu. she will always prefer coalition WIN
tbe German princes to an alliance with the French
unstarts for the simple reason that her real force
consists in her diplomatic superiority, and not IN
her material mower. A war with Germany, her
immediate peqhb0r, spTinging from an alliance
with France. would reveal the real impOtency OF
the Northern Colossus while in war with France
Russia must from her geographical position, always
form the reserve, forcing Germany to do the real
work and keeping in store for herself the fruits OF
the victory. Coalesce6 empires resemble in this
pont the different corps of an army. The van
guard and the center have 10 bear the decisive
shock but the reserve decides the battle and car
ries the day, German dreamers may fatter them
selves with the delusiye hope that Russia, while
laboring under the high pressure OF an internal
social struggle in the emancipation movement, WIN
FOR once give the lie TO karamsln, the Russian his
torian's maxim that Russian foreign policy never
changes.
IL has been presumed that an immense empire,
distracted by struggle of classes and distressed
by financial crisis, would be but too glad TO Leu
Europe alone; but then the real nature OF the nus
sian internal movement has been mlsuhderstOOd
Whatever NAV have been his real intentions,
II Is no more possible for a benevolent Gar TO con-
cate the abolition of serfdOm with the continuance
Of his own autOcracy than it proved for Denev0-
kpt Pope in 1S4S 10 reconcile Italian unity with
the vital conditions Of the Papacy. Simple as the
phrase of Russian serf emancipation sounds 1t I'M
dies meanings lnt UlUhl uliltINul ooPio'l'hS
the most contradictory. The vail that, in the be-
ginning Of the movement, was thrown, by
Kind of general enthusiasm, over the conflicting
tendencies. must necessarily be torn asunder, so
soon as steps are taken to proceed from the
verbal TO the real Serf emancipation, IN the sense
Of the Car amounted to the destruction OF the last
checks still restraining the Imperial autOcracy On
the one hand the relative independence OF the no.
bles resting upon their uncontrolled sway over the
majority of the Russian people, would nave been
removed; on the other hand, the set-admlnstratlon
of the rural serf communities, based on their COM
mon property in the ensayed soil, would have been
broken up by the Government scheme which aimed
at the abolition of the " cOmmunist" principle.
Such was serf emancipation as understood by the
Central Government. The MOBILES in their turn
that is TO say that influential portion OF the Russian
aristOcrscy which despaired OF maintaining the old
state of things-had made up their minds to grant
the emancipation of the serts on two conditions:
monetary indemnity, converting the peasants from
their sers into their mortgages, so that so Tar as
material interests 60, nothing would nave been
changed for two or three generations at least save
the form of seryitude-its patriarchal form being
suuplanted by its civilized form. Beside this in-
demnty to be paid by the seris, they wanted an'
other indemnity TO be paid by the State For the
local power over their serfs, which they declared
themselves ready to surrender they wanted 10 make
mp by political power TO be wrested from the Cen
trail Government, investing them in substance with
Of the empire. 80
Lastly. the serfs themselves preferred the sim.
plest formula of the emancipation question. WHAT
they understood by it was the old state OF things,
minus their old landlords In this mutual strife,
where the Government, despite menaces and
cabling split upon the opposition OF the mobiles
and the peasants-the aristOcracy upon the 0pp0sl-
tion ofthe Government and of their human chatels,
the peasantry upon the combined opposition of their
central lord and their local lords-an understand
ing as il usual in such transactions, has been ar
rived at between the existing powers at the cost
of the oppressed class. The Government and
the sristOcracry have agreed together 10
sbelve the emancipation question for the present,
and 10 again try their hands at foreign adventures.
Hence the secret understanding with Louis Bona
parte in 1859, and the official congress at Warsaw
with the German princes in lS6O. The Italian
war had sufficiently broken the selt-rehance OF
Austria to transform her from an obstacle into tool
of the Russian schemes Of foreign policy, and
Prussia which had made fool of herself by com
biniDg during the continuance OF the war, the airs
of ambitious perfdy with utter nullity of action,
cannot threatened as she is by France on her
Rbenish frontiers but follow in the wake OF Austria
Ii was one of the great decisions OF the GOha party
10 fancy that the blows Austria was likely to re-
ceye on the part Of France would dissolve her into
her constituent parts, so that Austrian Germany
disconnected from It's ties with Italy, Poland, and
Hungary might easily enter into the formation OF
one great German empire. long historical eS-
perience has shown that every wT Wnl;h AUS
IRA may have TO wage with France or RUSSIA
would not free Germany from her weight, but only
make her subservient 10 the schemes OF France or
Russia TO break her up into her constituent
parts by one great blow, would be bad policy on
the part of those Powers if they were possessed OF
the force 10 strike the blow; but 10 enfeeDle