New-York daily tribune. [volume] (New-York [N.Y.]) 1842-1866, 1860-01-19

80 asricutuysl crisis. proper Department Oh hgEr
culture would foster improves farming h s.,una
nIan,s and an mails make experiment. collect in'ormS
lion and statistics, encourage Immigration, equ'>tze
" tpbis and measures, suoy cattle discusses, bring
dralpng into favor, and, % word, been" ne whole
- ,,n,,y Gong FROM nothing 10 "A serks' m aud from
a.. hin TO a ull Bureau, Ike the Jadan, Pension,
caa,n, std other Bnreau-, the me- natural step lie
ne'sr,ment and Cabinet Secretary. We shall have
4 Il, due time, and God speed zoe day.
The Char taking no he regular order OF the Day,
;orodv, ed Dr. J. G. Cooper Of the Smithsonian lnsti-
tptiop. suhor Of earned treatise upon the Syria
DIR. Coopsr proceeded to deliver highly interesting
lecture en The Forest Trees Of Amerc III isratn< uls
sus.et nv comnarisnns with the distribution of Euro
r, On forests. The thinning ont OF timber IN oider
States bas reduced the proportion, ana we are ICY
creeping toward the port when u WIZ pe scarce aua
dear TIE ~es'ern boundary OF The TIMBER country 10
n waving lipe which ruus from the wet end ot LAKE
F,e TO the Gulf of Mexico at the eastern boundary OF
Texas which Inc exacly corresponds WIN tne ecu
era direction OF tie moist Winds from the Gun OF ae4
leo ror,bwurd AID eettgard The pra RE country 10
founded y the 3Oth ana Goth degrees OF latitude ana
tle ga and l2Cth meridians Westward c,me tho
plains, rendered sterile by the sweeping dried aud
hot winds from The Pacific In the Pra'ne country,
ard 10 some extent in the ITSELF the margins OF
ftreap are wooded, and they alone. Along tue Pa
ci6c sloIe belt Of timber extends along mountain
10, fes, becoming thinner os we go 'ouhward.
The aras,otper Of the prairies 10 identical with the
Locust Of Araba and already they are doing vast In
iur, TO The cops. In some districts on the edge oil me
derept they swarm in such numbers ssto dare en- the
air. They are produced Under the conditions oil no.,
ary atmosphere, AND in prairie unes most ahuhdsnt-
ly for they feed npon gass. The forests OF America
re disappearing, aud uness some means OF preserva-
ton are ted God will become very scarce IN onr
own lin e. IT, Russia forests exleno nearly Zen oe.
Agrees fpuher hort ward than ia America The extent
of timber land, IA compared with arabic, is greater
here iLan in Europe. 10 Russia the prooot'on Is 80
rer cent Austria 80 6lnthr, Prussia u Sl0h, France
G lCths; for the whole OF Europe the proportion 10
ga prr cent, while in the United States ,hd Cansda it
was As high IA 48 s-Clba In Europe the proportion
was Increasing, with us decreasing Inese conpnta-
tois d. take any noe Of mere hrewood out so!eiy
Of the lumber suitable for building, DC In the On''cd
States and Canada north of Las. 43' to So there 10
"a 10 90 per cent Of the country wooded. South OF
lnud. 43O To Vlr, mia and Ohio there is 50 per cent?
sd Virginia Kentucky and Ohio 10 this district, and
We have So per cent wooded Indiana with the S0ut'-
erp States. except Tesas, gives 20 per cent. Tue
Prpuie States, wh wood ouly along their streams ana
rvers 80 per cent OF timber land ana west vi tno
prairie there if hut per cent in ALL
Ff m the statistics OF last census, we Uncover
that SEQ eco acres out Of 900 COO had bnf per cent
voodrd Assuming that in 1870 all the eastern country
was wooded then it bad fallen from 30 per cant 10 so
er cert OF per each deeafe, anh d Things "ent
on ut this frgb;u rate, i'll 80 years more ~e w"nid
reduce our proportion OF timber IN the ol"er STATES 70
but 80 per cent. Dr. Cooper Lad had ogp9,tnGues 70
compare our timber l4nds with those OF Russia ana
since his strenton had been called to TINS ne
lad mace Russian sylvicnltnre his careful sindy In
Russa il has been ascer'a neo that country n+Ve3
81
fairly wooded aud below that point poorly wooded.
In l649 laws were passsd in Rnssa for the protection
~ timber and in ITO trees ~cre first planted by CIV
eynm.pt German professors enpo, ed, and Regular
schools opened II bad proved highly profitable TO
ID, Government snd the sy stem bus been graLiy en-
Jared Up TO 1850 there bad been surveyed "a 500,
co sores o. timber and ibe groportoa OF eaca variety
of tie. 49, $40 COZ surveyed but the trees
rot Classified 600 trees planted, 3V,geo acres
drained FOR plausiiOns and 1000 pounds OF seed
Gown. The saving by prtecsicn rom tas iorh hsa
learned 10 plaut trees in barren shifting sands 4O00
acres Of this formerly o'thless land having bsen set
ia trees Dr. Cooper recommends, OF course, diiief-
emf code Of forest laws for the United States from those
of Russia but some laws sbould be made az once
The Unhed S'stes exports four times as much timber
az Russia We need statisrics OF the amount WV have
actuslly hand and plan for obtaining saeh he hso
recomn ended to the CeDsus Bureau.
Prof Henry of the Smithsonian paid tribute TO the
zeal sId learning Of DR.. Cooper, and maze, oy re-
quest some remarks on me.eerology, %aen ie0 S'ui'
rs iho,e Of Last year, which we reported IA !ni.
Gov Stevens raid that the results attained IN Prus-
sa move 10 his sa,sa elton that Nebraska, and other
portions Of The interior Of our continent are arabic
land. There is, be believes, ~ ainoH nne wnols ..
Ie plains country enough fertility OF FOIL TO produce
good lair crops IF they were planted In suitable
son, end with pron4s ere. AL modern research cor
roboaes ihs te.iimopy Of LEWIS and Clark, which
wss given haD fifty years ago. and toer ssser-
ton that the distant Western country was fertLe
wond in his opinion, be borne out in future time: In
Nebraska ard Washington Territores, there is az
much moisture in California IN the dry reason and
il Wss condensed into season when crops we're
planted. and when Il was most needed. In 1856, he
WIS in Upper Mi SOUR, and was amazed at the quick
grow ib Of lie " buffalo grass IL proved 10 him that
The season for grow being short Nature hurries
citation rapidly forward, and hence il would be UNDER
STOOD how the .o-called sterile Western plains would
ore day suprt TT a great people.
The fIor. Frederick Smyth Of N. H., announced
the probable departure Of Mr.. H. s. Olcoa for Cafor
MA Cd sn agricultural tour, and moved that he be APP
POINTED delegate Of the United States Agrieultnr.
Soci. 10 the various Societies Of that State. Carried
Other bnsine,s of miSor interest was transacted,
and the hour of adjournment being ~ hand y Com
NIT &c appointed to condnct the Hon. Henry Wa
ger the new Prefioent, TO the Chair.
Mr. Wsger on taking his seat, made model speech,
for il show ed biz intention 10 work, aud not talk ana
IL barbnger of better days for our National S1cley.
He sad:
GESTIrxKS OF THE UNITED STATES AoRIcuLruRAI So
eonrrrea ppon me upon which euvsts
have naturally taken deep interest In the Improvement
vance The 10. Societies with whh hsve beou
nstd especially this Acting have 10 concert for years
FOR bs important po.isn 70 hish you have elected
You so" hat am wor,ns 1,h'I "a .s,n as,u, tam
pec them me- but all drsis made on me Ter Aoo yea wi"
And duly hanored .
Entering upon eighth Of oxi'tencs the United States
Agnl.u Society 10 longer experiment. The suceessoi
rs exhibitions the interest cenOqsd
by the people AID expended IN prsDinms the publications
which has issued the estsb hment Of itA ros' At nia me-
show that the National society Aas ;,r0as a0a
vine dnnej but that by eIertions the usefulness and
isui upon the fure welfare Of tho country 10
eenpsh this, every Department must be thorousay ssems-
TIED sd the mos. careful attention DO given to these details
Je cooperation Of the VARIOUS Societies and Boards of
office sOe,n have sitsuded sioOn' and niospg.
hope that the far dis,aat when State ill
ress Agcuut. where the wants of tbsse who cultivate
the .o every section 81 ths county can U oe ss a.