Richmond enquirer. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1815-1867, 1860-07-20

h2 1913
The names OF ,hosc who Hc.r absent, or voted against
striking out, are omitted.
uy this vote these thirty three Senators force i,n!S pei.
soBs, who are merchants, TO pay from To . per cent. oil
their sale; in order 10 allow 1i2 TO enjoy the saine privilege
at I 10 ! per cent. Can any parallel he ;onnh Tor tl' nc
tion In the history Of Legislation
Another evidence ofhostlily to nm independent commerce
Is 10 Le found In the Pilot LAWS Of the State, Which tax the
dirrc. trRdcr twenty lines as much as ,hey do the intiTtc!
trader. True, one port in the State-that or AieSandra-
Is permitted, by Il late act, 10 pursue trade with Tile Driiish
North American provinces upon the same terms she dies
with any port In The United states. lfit IS proper and ben
cGcial nj me point, surely We may infer that Legislature:
must r!aiM y high and exclusive prrroga;i:e, or else vi can
cons,ruc this recognition Of correct principles Tor mir
poiu, As an evidence OF the fact that The Pilot LAWS are
iurihcnsomc 20 any trade, and HAT trade only ian escape
which il oGlittl. moment. True, Virginia vessels, OF which
We have some dozen, may Escape the Pilot chrrGra, Gut the
important mart. Of the great trading nations Of tie world
and ,hcir vessels must not he allowed tn enter our waters
direct, but any coasiiRg Ye.-els :iay c"Ele vain 30 'r!i.ihf
a charge on ;heir vessels ~ not IN hr oi HHy account ~
compared with the burtlicu levied OF any foreign vcs:rl=,
which come with such careoeS as We iier'' rom lore fners'
who are the real con.WHcIs Of our products. lf all these
are small matters, what estimate shall We iprn ~ HE art
OF lS6O for the promotion OF dire: trade. VIXEN the charge
for inspecting hour by the barrel, worth 70 to ), was only
one cent, being, by this ill, made optional 10y the State
provided the flour was shipped In II vessel 'ouF-iitAS OF
which was owned in Virginia? I! what Is here stated
amounting to from | 10 3 per cent, independent nt tEe ri'
lotayc-is small and of little avail against Us, IN the nane
a. common sense how small n tribute did the august Assem-.
bly, Of Virginia pay to direct trade W throwing TINS empty
tub 10 the whale OF popular ciamor In the SKATE by This act
OF its last session
Having established the errors ana ihilirs 81 The STATES,
and the chief mur,s In the Southern States, II vii! b. proper
10 suggest remedies for the towns AMI corporations, nrst,
a, Il, Is more simple, and then enter upon the discussion OF
the action proper for the State. FIRST, then, rs to the towns;
andi msy be first affirmed that the true Taxpayer should
II. the real estate owner; and the real esiai" owne. alone
for AL city purposes, and for the simplest OF hll rchsoi:s,
that he Il the recipient OF every benefit from population
Withou, the persons neither houses nor lots would be worth
ANYTHING, and a. every citizea OF 4 town must occupy some
place, the rsnl estate owner IL ine cn!lsS'"r VI Inc ~ rom
his tenant, and As his rents are increased by population AMI
capi,al he il benefited hy every person VINO may come 10
reside in the city, and by the ue Of all his means and his
skill the real property which he /. r'lng whilst lie pur:ucs
his vocation mus; return n REM jus; such as population and
capitaI decree 10 he Just ard fair. No improvement oil
efr.e,s nu expenditure for public Purposes that benefits
any interest cau, by any chance, fall 20 benefit the real "a
tate of the town. These obyiors truths place us IN the at:i'
tuIe OF stating what ought 10 he The course OF every South
ern town, viz: TO remodel their taxation 81 as to leave eve
rv citizen 10 Use ha capital and hi. skill without any corpo.
ration taxes. II would follow then tina. such an incubus "a
now rests upon al! Southern towns from his cause would
cease; and the amounts are enormous which nre ~ every
shane extracted for the use ~ capital and skill in Southern
towns: and commercial enterprise would Instantly, seeing it.
self free, begin its work and trade would revive.
The States can, for the purposes Of Ordinary revenuc, nnd
=orne p~l aus!biiry for what they are now doing, but surely,
il revenue he their only object, then one Tax upon the -aTnc
article. on its sale-if II is shown shat the required amount
can thus be gathered-oueht TO suffice. And that this can,
and Is done, without doubt, We have only 10 read the an.
neyrd extract from the Code OF Tennessee, viz -" On sales
Of merchandise, by merchants, = per cent. in The dollar ON
its invoice cost, at the place where pn'ch.se'!-nnieSs The
tax upon the sane has once before been paid 10 the State
i'm which event no additional tan shall be paid. EGt an
additional question may here arise, ~ between the North
and the South, and rs we need find time Tor the simplest NJ
Mi declarations that the compulsion 70 buy rests uniformly
In the direction of meas Interests. Where the merchant
can sell highest, lie will Sell, anI where tile buyer can huy
cheapest, he will huy. The ias'rnEicn,aHty oltioYrrnrneni-
IA onrn ,iIrc;ual in crcn:ing IN Artificial market; lnL, In
,ie,I ali commercial regulations are founded upon the one
idea of beneGiinc certain Interests or rariic" His control
ing consideration prevents the citizen from selling wherehe
can sell highest, aEi buying ThGrclic can buy cheapest. anu
makes him fEd the market most suitable 10 the ruling Int
ras,s This largest interest In the United States rests nj the
NORTH. md they have accordingly made IL compulsory oil
IL. - a,,h, u I,nI. Df th1 North. uuu the North alone.
In their career they have found willing slaves, to" ready
10 do what their masters bid them. tsee The course Of our
fathers on the subject OF free trade as shown in the Lost
prin,ipIe iust published, nj page Sh. We now present the
most remarkable Of MI the sprctaclrs revealed in ,lc histo.
ry Of the world, Of a people WHO are Wiling 10 WORK IN Inc
sun and make crops, sell them for 20 mich gold, and then
lend m, GOLD, without interest. 10 the Northern people Is
long ms we do not ncedit and then take their paper credits
for the gold-lser hi: subject cXp'i,nsn ny H. I. GnneL,
proprirtnrs and brokers were only satisfied WIN this sab
mission, We should he perfectly cGn.crt; hut as THEREON
sciences hcrin 10 move them against our property, we are
forced 10 question the rights we have left, a;si in doing
this We ought 10 inquire whether our present constitutions
are not sqnal TO the emergency HieDhuf: ~ rhge -.
of the condition Of affairs which surrounded hsTnostheEes,
saws that 'tlIc creates: tendency ri AIhe5s then, ms In the
FRENCH Revolution, was 10 change the constitution, which Is
aIway. The first idea OF inferior minds, who do no: Coll.
slider whether men arc TO be fouad capsule OF work.
nn,,;ons 10 remodel our constitutions are known 10 all,
and a, the present, ones, both OF the Federal Government.
and the States are very gooa ones, aud a ou7 controversy
il mt alone Will lie Fc'lfTl4 NnSeEnlicHt, .hHy IHnVoshi
for alterations In The Federal Constitution IL simply absurd.
and wlrs; We need not assert natly mat all these IroF0.
si,jors for amending the Federal Constitution, originated
In the mistaken hypothesis That HE seal nl ouI present
I.,r,r to the slave property Is IL the Fedora, Govern.
m,nt. for IL Is hut too ob"lous. Yet, that Il Is hot there,
but With the people and the states Of the North, brings al
rcc,lv mn IN. question suggested IN yoYr letter: How are
wc 10 cure the disorders Of tho fan:tical and hostile
states? We are clearly advised that ii la. been through
The SO called revenue laws oil The Federal 1-yeTn'neht
and our State legislation, that We liav" neither al inhcpeud.
en-, trade nor SAFETY for orr property. Can ne coun;erac.
these force. by State sc;ion 2: IL 81, our way Is plain
In the great license cases, from massachusetts, ana Maine,
in IInynrl's repor.s, volume 3, page J'j, decided by he
Supreme Court, there was M donh. expressed as to The
nnw.r Of a State over The domestic trade, ~ The 10! owing
extracts will show:
CHIEF Justice fancy remarks, At page 81: IL is equal
Ir clear, ,hs. the power Of Congress over ;f!7 subject, does
not extend further than the regulation o. commerce WIN
Foreign nations, and among the several states. and that BE-
TonI these limits, the States have never surrendered their
powcr over trade md commerce, AMI may still exercise il.
irrc from auy controlling power on the part 81 thr general
government. Every State, therefore, Iaay regulate liz own
internal ratio according 10 ~ o~n iuIEEicat. and upon us
own Views Of the interest and Ee!'being OF lis citizeH'.
ind nr,in. a, usrc $50: "ror, although the gin sold
" an iippnr: from another STATE. ard Congress have clear
" The power 10 regulate such inporintions, under The gan;
OF power to regulate commerce among me SrTeIHi s:'.es;
ye, rs Congress has made no regulation on tie scijec'. the
traffic II the article may be lawfully regulated by the state
A. sooa As it is landed Hiitia It's territory, and . tx 20
forrri upnn Il. or a license required, or the sale altogether
n~-ohib!tsd, according TO The pole: ahi:'i tic stat. mag
suppose 10 he its Interest or duty To plrsae.
Justice Daniel, 1t page GlI. says: "i;Tery State, ;ir.; sin
any sens- sovereign and independent. possesses, and inns,
posses ,sie Inherent po*rr " conttcl!!;'S property Reid
and owned within its jurisdiction, aTi III. Vi-tnt arr G"'!s'
the protection Of its uwa laws. whether i!'a; co,'i 81 10" rS-
er,el il fixing ur IN determining is tcnur'. or n directing
the Nanner 0f its ransmis.:nR-,nd t!E3, :on. Irrespective
Of the quantities IN which i: is lcii. ar ;rassfr:T,t, or the
sources whence 1t may have hcr:: ~LrG!""i."
From Justice McLeanis Opinion, the fvilor:r: -,.:."i i
made:
"a State regulates It's domestic co!a:ns. ee-conirac;s
the transmission Of estates. real and pc;sonal-aml acts
upon all Internal matters which relate to II. moral and po-
IiicsI Eslfare. Over these subjects tie Federal Govern,