Nashville union and American. [volume] (Nashville, Tenn.) 1853-1862, 1860-02-15
The fir on high the snow a50ss,
The eataracts, and wales below
Mixed, with varied beauty glow

soils OF three kinds generally-the red soil the
brown, or prairie, and the bottom or aluvial soil
The red soil is decomposed lava scOria and cnders.
and shows volcanic action, and is from one to three
feet deep; produces well all kinds of grain and veg
etables, and is the best land In that country for
fruit trees.
There are various marls, as siIiciOus, aluminous,
&c, in the hills green sand mari IN great a5un-
dance, grey sandstone, and some conglOmerate. The
stone or rock are volcanic, basaltic and erratic
blocks, brought here no doubt during the GlaeiG-
aqueous period.
These red hills the only place where The red soil
abounds, are covered with Oregon white oak, ha-
eel and FIR timber. The red soil is fine for grass
Of all kinds The hills are covered with natural
grasses, on which stock feed the entire year with
the exception of two OF three weeks in winter and
even then unless there is STOW en- the ground.
The brown prairie soil, is a rich soil contain
ing all the clements necessary to produce all the
cereils and herbacous plants This soil abounds all
over the low countries and, constitutes the great
agricultural land of Oregon.
The fir, oak, ash, maple and redwood grow on
this kind of soil and no country can produce finer
prairies, timber or SOIL than Oregon.
There are many praires which diversified
with groves Of the tall fir trees for Oregon can
equal any portion Of the world for large and tall
timber save, perhaps, the big trees in California
The bottom or auyial soil is very @ich possessing
in superior degree, all those elements necessary to
grow anything man wants.
This soil is decomposed vegetable matter, and is,
the wash of hills and mountains.
In soil, no country is superior to Oregon
PRODUCrONs- produce Of Oregon IS wheat of
fine quality oats, barley, rye, peas beans, onions
cabbages, currants, beets, &c, fact all kinds of
small grains grown in the temperate zone, and
garden vegetables Of the best are grown in abund-
ance.
Torn does only moderately we'll
Cruises, such as Orchard grass. Blue grass, Tim
othy, RedtOp, Hungarian grass. &C. grow well, and
make rich hay.
F7ou-This article is Of fine quality and thousands
Of barrels sacks (for no barrels are used thero)
are sold annually.
Bacon butter, cheese, eggs, poultry, &c. are sold
in vast quantities for so new a country
Lumber, millions of feet, with ship-masts, spars.
spiing, and wharf lumber. This has been a great
business but is now declining, rather tie pine is
failing as well as everything else
F5ldt.-No country, according TO population, sells
much or as good fruit as the people Of Oregon.
They make more clear cash off their apples than
any other one product. Oregon has been said to be
zone entire orchard" No country can produce
more or better apples than the willamette valley.
The orchards cultivated like garden, the trees
are pruned washed and kept free from all insects.
Nurseries may be seen all over the land, here and
there; large orchards on almost every farm. The
trees are healthy.
Pears are grown. but not so extensively as apples;
are rich and large. The trees grow strongly.
Peaches, as a general thing, do not succeed in all
locations; but after studying the climate and SOIL
the horticutursts are procuring kinds that succeed
we'll
Piumbs Ounces Cherries, Aprieots and Almonds
do finely.
P0nOlOgicaly, no country il ahead Of or indeed,
equal to, Oregon. High lands universally produce
better fruit harder and healthier trees; and the
rolling hills of Oregon WILL ere long become far
famed for good fruit Already Oregon has pro-
duced the largest pear on record. Waing's pear
weighed four pounds. Beat it, if you cam And
often apples weigh two pounds In fact, it great
fruit growing country.
DTIsICNs.-Oregon is divided into three distinct
diyislOns-lower, middle and upper.
The lower region is east of the Cost range aloDr
the Pacific, between these and the Cascade noun
tains-l20 miles from the ocean-and constitutes
the Willamette Valley. South Of this valley is the
Umpiqua Valley; and south Of this is Rogue River
Valley. AL these valleys constitute the lower re
gion fOregon; and in an agricultural. hortieultu
raj, and pomoOgical view, no country on earth can
surpass them. They have interspersed in them roll
ing hills. covered with oaks; fine prairies; GOOD tim
Der Of red fir, yellow fir, cedar, pine hemlcck and
spruce.
Few countries can produce finer water. snrinos
bursting out among the hills and at the foot of ne
mountains, creeks mendering down through the
little valleys, (for the Willamette Valley is only a
succession OF smaller valleys,) groves and little
prairies, alternately.
The Umpqua Valley is not so large. nor so level.
as the willamette but is a rich valley: has a fine
clmate-noWers blooming in the winter months
the grasses growing wheat and other grain sown
all winter Cattle. horses, sheep and hogs require
butlttle feeding. All kinds Of grain, even corn is
grown.
Gold Is found on the waters Of the Umpqua river
and the miners are doing we'll
Thel'ogue River Valley is level, rich and fertile
country. and is surrounded by gold mines, which
are very rich
All three Of these valleys form the lower region
Of Oregon; and they are in all respects good COun-
tries. They are settled by hardy, strong and fear
less set Of western people They have strong wills
bold, independent, frank, and sharp il money