New-York daily tribune. [volume] (New-York [N.Y.]) 1842-1866, 1860-11-09
yur prRIIC Law OF EUROPE.

THE PUBLIC LAW OF EUROPE.
Our latest European files present common his
torica tableau--tra6iton struggling bllndly with
destiny the present avengiDg the past. The staI
over the head of Victor Emanuel, leading the eX.
traordinary train of events in Italy, shines to-
brightly for the Tush-ights of conventional dpo-
macy. Count Cavour is arragned before the
foreign Ministers of Prussia, Russia and young
y, mba, to receive Lesson upon the mlsdemeanor
of his Government, in violating the public law OF
Europe.
What is the public law invoked thus dictatOriaily
against Italy DO Cayours diplomatic teachers
bear in mind that each f the old or recent ire ,ties
forming its basis was nothing else than consecra.
ton of stateof war and lawess violence previously
existing between two or more powers; strifes
which mai,ly rose from the greediness or vain
whims of the princes and were conducted without
the assent Of their subjects or were generated by
ignorant hate of neighborDg natiODsl These
wars were wound up with treaties the public Law
is the fruit Of these treaties Ouce established,
the law was mode the haodle of profit by rulers
more or less absolute, and turned without asking
leave of the people, and without regard to their
real rights, interests, or afinities. Thus were
brousht about by the law, whose last paragraph is
the celebrated treaty of Vienna Of 1915, the pres
ent cbeckered conditions of Europe. Thus peoples
ard DatiOnalitics were subdered.
The fresh current Of events now undermines and
carries away this public law. With conception
of public right based not on dynas!ic and selfish
Interests but on tho cleaTy-defoed rights of the
masses, the dawn of new era appears The policy
of Louis Napoleon, spurred by events beyond the
control of his own will, evoked this light from
the darkness; AID, whatever other stains are
upon his career, the glory of this pop.
ular revelation remains to him-this law deriving
all its sanction from the suffrage of the people,
not without obstruction, to be sure, in France,
but in Italy manifested in the purest
and Doblest manner. Well may Prussia and
Russia raise an outcry against Victor Emanuel.
Every foot of land owned by Prussia and the
house of Hohepzollern was acquired by success
siye violations of the public law then existing
al obligatory by outrage of the right and property
of Others. Of all the States of Europe, Prussia
alone is without even the name of a geuuine
etbDic nationality and is patchwork Of stolen
property. BY the same course the Hapsburgs ex-
banded their doIninicns. The depredatiOns of
Russia upon Poland, Sweden, Turkey, Persia
Asia and the Caucasus, were oil in viol,tion Of
the then existing public law. Need the diplo-
matists who read Victlr Emanuel his lesson, be
reminded of the dismemberment of Poland, of
Saxopy, by the treaty of Vienna of 49, and the
suppression of the Republic of CracOw7 e
Victor Emanuel ubites by sacred bands what
geography and ethnolOgy have joined together.
For centuries the three black eagles Of the North
have torn asunder what was a normal unity, aud
put the reekipg pieces under the egis of So
called public law. 10 crown the whole, the lugi-
tive Boubalino, through his minister at Turn,
haugbtily protests against the violation in his person
not only of law but also Of the highest moral ty
Nespolitan BourbOns and morality areideas which
howl when they arc coupled, for the Bourbons, Ike
the BapSburgs, acquired foottold ia Italy only by
trsmplpg on the rights Of nations aud individuals,
with the sheer force Of the stronger over the
weaker. Was it in the name of public law that
France sndAustriaby the treaties Of Nienn, in l725
and 1885 decided that Tuscany was To become the
hereditary possession Of the Hspsburgs after the
death CT Castor, the last of the Medici, without
asking bis consent, or that Of the Tuscans, aud
held the fortress in Florence almost daring the life
time OF the Mediccan prince Naples became the
property of the Hapsburss by the famous treaty of
Utrecht, by which, after protracted war (alsO in
violation OF public law, Spain wss despoled of
Der possessions. The Bouibons of Spsia$ode over
this treaty Of Utrecht when they invaded and con-
quered Naples, ard then only occurred it by the
YetDa treaty Of 1873.
Victor Emanuel vindicates historical Justice.
lie untes Italy, not for dynastic schemes, but for
the most sacred rights Of hu nanity. The will of
the Italians sanctions his acts. Diplomacy shriuks
into netliDgness before the stern figure OF up.
risen Justice. When his great design shall
have been accomplished, and tho unity of Italy
thal be perfect, Congress viii record, and new
treaties will ratily the accomplished facts among
the other rights secured by the public Law of
Europe.