The national era. [volume] (Washington [D.C.]) 1847-1860, 1860-01-26

within brackets changed, that all said by me
upon one subject may appear together.
NOTE A.
Mr. Calhoun, the great leader OF this new |
school, far in advance of his followers, used this
language in the Senate in 1888:
Many in the South believed that it slavery
moral and political evil that folly and deluson gone
we see now In its true light and regard as the most safe
ana stable basis lor Tree Institutions the world IL is i'm
possible with US that the conflict take place between la
Dor and capital which make it difficult establish and
where such institutions as ours TveryI do NOT ex
ist "---ApPendir Cong. Globe, 1878, p. o.
Extracts from Mr.. Hammond's speech in the
Senate, from South Carolina, an eloquent disci-
pie in the school of Mr.. Calhoun March 4. 1858,
speaking of a class which he denominated the
mud sill of society
that purpose to her hand. = We use them for our
purpose, and call them slaves. We are old fash
oned at the South yet; 1t rs word discarded by
ears polite will not Characterize that class at the
North by that term but you have ut there 1t severy
class OF manual aborers and operatives you call Them
essentially slaves. The difference between Is, that
slaves hired for life, and well compensated
hired by the day not cared for and scany
pensated we do not think that whites should be
slaves, either by law or necessity Our slaves are black OF
another and inferior race. - Yours are white, Of
your you brothers of one blood. They
your equals natural endowment Of intellect and they feel
CALLED by their degradation Our slaves do not vote We
give them political power Yours do vote, and being the
majority, they are the depostaries of all your pohcaI
power"
The Richmond Enquirer, in 1855, then the
leading journal of the Democratic party in the
South, said
the North and Western Europe by attempting to
dispense with natural and necessary and hitherto unyer
sal limb, element, institution OF society you have thrown
everything into chaotic confusion In dispensing with do
mesc slavery have destroyed order and removed the
strongest argument prove the existence OF Deity
thor of that order"
Again-the same journal says, in another
number:
" This is but part OF programme show up
free society-to show that the little experiment made
Of Western Europe has sgnaly failed Then will
invade North where similar experiment is alakiAg-
not made We will point to thousand premontOry symp
toms of ultimate failure and always adduce the Aboonists
themselves witnesses In 1ne intend from time
10 tme to institute searching comparison between slave
society and free society," and 10 prove that the former the
DID, almost universal and natural condition of
iized society"
The Lynchburg Republican, the leading paper
in Central Virginia, in 1854, speaking of the
awful problem presented for solution by the
conflict between capital and labor" asks:
" And is there no soution-no harmonzing remedy
Woman is inferior TO God and nature declare the fact
but where the cause Of quarrel between the twOS The child
inferior 70 its parents but no grow up between
them In the last cases the nlerory and subsection have
ever been recognised Not so with capital and labor They
have ceased fight for the mastery they
will, until their true relations recognised and acted upon
by society this were DONE their clashng interests would
be harmOnized and made Identical How and where this
doneY We answer, that it is accomplished by slavery, it
exists IN the southern States slavery Is tho cor
ner- stone Of our republcanism. = Slavery is the
great peacemaker between capital and labor"
Mr.. Fitzhugh, in book entitled Free Society
Failure" commended very extensively by Dem
ocratic journals South, says:
eve do not adopt the theory that Ham the ancestor
Of tho race The Jewish slaves negroes and
to conne the justification OF slavery that race would
TO weaken its scrptural authority and the
weight OF proane authority for read of negro slavery
in ancient times. Slavery, black white is right
and necessary The slaves are governed far better
than the aborers the North are governed Our ne
groes not only better OIL to physical than free
laborers, but their moral condition is better"
How different the opinions of the old Republic
can party, South as we'll as North
NOTE B.
VIRGINIA OPINION IN THE REVOLUTIONARY ERA
George Washington TO Gen Lafayette.
agree with you cordially in your views in regard to ne
gro slavery nave long considered most serious evil,
both socially and politically and should rejoice any FEAST
BILE scheme to rid States of such burden The Congress
OF 1857 adopted AN ordinance which prohibits the existence
of involuntary servtude in Northwestern Territory
ever. consider Il met 'cih the approval
and assent Of nearly e1y member from the States
diateIy in Stare labor The prevailing opinion in
Virginia is against the spread Of sldrery ne,0 Terrific
yies AND TRUST WE SHALL HAVE A CONFEDERACY OF |
FREE STATES"
Same TO Robert Norris, 17S6.
" can only say, that there a living who wishes
more sincerely than do to plan adopted for the abo
ton OF it, slavery but there is only proper effect
al mode IN which can be accomplished and that by
legislative authority and this, far as my suffrage viii
co. shall be wanting - Soarkss Wlshiagton l5s
Mr. Jefferson, in his Notes on Virginia:
1.-The abolition of domestic slavery is the greatest object
Of desire in these Colonies, where il unhappiy intro
luced in their infant state But previous the enanchse
the slaves necessary to exclude further nort
ltions from Africa. "-ARiercdH ATChyes, All series rol
p. 500.
Again, Mr.. Jefferson, with that wonderful sa-
yacity which seems almost inspired, not only
points out the evil but, in the same sentence,
points out the only practical solution oft:
Nong is certainly orisen in The book If fate THAN
HAT THESE PEOPLE ARE TO BE FIEE Il less thai
ne too races equdlyJree cd1in tiUe IN he GOUTmeH
Nature, habit and opinion, have drawn ndcbe lines Of dis
inction between them 1t still in power direct the
process oil emancipation and deportation pcaccaby, and
UGH slow degree as that the evil will of nsensb.y
md their places be- pari pds, et up With free tchhe
dOreS. II, on the contrary, 1t is lett force itself on hu
nan nature must shudder at the prospects held up.p
Madison, in 1880:
Congress might, for example, respecting the Introduction
slaves into the new States to be formed OF the Western
territory, make regulations such beyond their power
n relation to the Old settled States"
7IRGINIA OPINION, AS EXPRESSED BY MEMBERS OF
HER LEGISLATURE AS LATE AS 1882.
Mr.. Moore, of Rockbridge, said
" In tho first place shall confno my remarks to such Of
hose evils effect the white population exclusively And
wen in that point OF view think that slavery
mOng may bo regarded the hrtriei calamity which
las ever beiallen any portion Of the human race"
Mr.. Rives, of Campbell, said:
"On the multiplied and dcsoang evils Of slavery he was
ot disposed 10 much The and deerioratng con
equences were within the observation and experience
Members OF the House aud the people of Virginia. and it did
Gem to him that there could not be opinions about it
Mr.. Powell said:
scarcely persuade myself that there is a solitary
entleman in this House who will not readily admit that sd
cry IS an ert, and That ITS removal, practicable con
animation most dovouty to be wished hare not heard
or do er TO hear, roice raised an this hall 10 tie
-ary"
Another Renresentat;va from, IaHarson and |
larpers Ferry, Mr.. Henry Berry, said:
believe that cancer on the physical body was ever
nore certain steady and fatal in its progress than the
ANGER on the political body Of the State Virginia 1t is
ating into her very vitas."
Mr. Thomas Marshall, of Fauquier, in the
anne section of Virginia, said:
Wherefore then object to slavcryY Because il is run
us TO the whites retars Improvement out an indus
rious population banshes the yeomanry Of the country
eprves the spinner, the weaver the smith the shoemaker
be carpenter, OF employment and support"
mr. Preston of Jefferson, Mr.. Summers of Kan
wha, Mr.. Chandler of Norfolk, Thomas ]. Ran
olph, grandson of Jefferson, Mr. Boiling of Buck {
ngham, urged the same views with great elo-
uence and power.
Mr.. Brodnax, of Dinwiddie, said
That slavery Virginia evil it would be idle and
lore than idle for any human being to doubt deny.
a mildew which has blghed in its every region
as touched, from the creation Of the world"
The Hon. Charles J. Faulkner, who also re-
ides in the vicinity of Harper's Ferry, made
ong, eloquent, and radically abolition speech, in
which he said
Does not the same evil exstP Is il not increasingly Does
OF every day give permanency and force2 Is il not
ing like heavy and portentOus cloud above the horizon
xendng its deep and sable volumes athwart the sky and
altering in its impenetrable folds the active materials
Elemental war; 2"
Mr.. James Mcdowell, of Rockbridge, since
Governor of the State, and distinguished menu
er of Congress, said