New-York daily tribune. [volume] (New-York [N.Y.]) 1842-1866, 1860-04-21

missionaries Of Rome were appoiDted-a Duke,
Hogister MiHtnm etc. The Bishops elected 10 ,
Rome, as they were elsewhere, were coofrms. ~
the EWpeIOrs in con'iantinOpI . and p,..a foo or
q tribute for il, as of old.
oucn was 'l' ''"' -acD Of the RORosa Bishops
until the ibVa'''" # italy by the Lorrobards. Ia
THESE Sars re Exarehs were wor.ted, the Lougo-
buS> extended their >or arests 70 sousbern Itsiv.
ard Rome with ts districts and lands then called
Duchy, was def,ruless. Gregory, Bishop Of Rome,
surnamed the Great (59O-6O4), aroused the spirit
of the people, the military, and the commanders
lie directed the defense of The mensced remnants
Of the Roman Word throughout Italy and sicily.
He correspouded with Pfefoc's, Generals, and
Bishops, inspiring and nstrdctiDg them for action.
He ordered all Priests everywhere to take an active
part in the def,nse of the country against It's IN
ysders. ard from this tine dates the military dis
pensation and warke life of Priests and Bishops,
thereafter so prominent 10 the medieval times.
Gregory the Great il, therefore, the founder OF
The rule over the City and District of Rome by the
Bthops. He is the founder of secular Papa;y'
But this independence Of the temporal power was
not yet fully established. Gregory laid the brSt
stone for its foundation, but even he did not enjoy
its full development He recognized the supremacy
OF the Emperor Mauritius in CODstantinOple, and
Rome was still governed by Imperial fancsionarie'
Gregory me6iated ard partly concluded peace
with the LODgobsrds, but he acted in the name OF
the Exarch. The Emperor, dissatisfied with the
treaty, superseded the Exsrch, aud scolded the
Bishop, calling him "fauuS' It's true that Greg
DRY IeOried with respectful dignity, but not as az
equal, DOR as a temporal sovereign.
The Successors OF Gregory continued to be de-
per dant upon eonstantinople and the EmperOrs,
ard Rome bad an Imperial and not al Episcopal
Government during the whole Of the seventh cen
tury. Martin, Bishop Of Rome, was seized BY the
orders of the Emperor, put in chains aud taken to
Constantnople, where he died in prison. Bat
when Leo, TIE Isaurisn Emperor of CONSTANT
nople, published, in 726, his celebrated edict on
images, all Italy revolted. Gregory H., Bishop OF
Rome, took the lead in the revolt, and succeeded
in getting into bis hands the temporal power in
Rome and the surrounding district or ducby, as far
as he could wrest it from the Exarch, or overawe
the people. And the actual fact, irrigated BY
blood, became finally right The independence
of the Bishops was conquered, not BY spiritual, but
by carDal weapons.
The Loneobard Kings claimed to have Inherited
the supremacy exercised by the Emperors over
Italy. over Rome, and over her Bishops. King
Luitprand was foremost in these attempts. For
self-defense, the Bishops or POpes of Rome To-
mented disuDion and reyolts between the King and
his powerful va,sals, the Dukes of SpoletO and OF
Beneyento. Then-about 740-originated the
celebrated policy, which the Roman See has con-
tnued and followed to THE day, Of weakening Italy,
by playing one Italian power against another, and,
if this did not succeed, invoking foreign inter-
vention. SO Gregory III. called Charles MarteintO
the domestic broils of Italy, in order to preserve
bis temporal power.
The CarlovDgisns became the benefactOrs OF
the Roman bishops. Zscharia balOwed the usur-
patton of PepiD, and the grateful usurper repaid
the debt by the celebrated donation of a part of
the Exsrchate to ST. Peter and to the Roman
people.
Such was the origin and the basis of the political
independence of the Bishops of Rome and of their
temporal power Charlemagne, when crowned
tktICIecu CCitoiu imptiA1i Abhso VI su-
premacy in and over the City Of Rome. History
records The struggles Of the Popes for additional
power with the people, with the feudal barons, and
with the various Roman or German Emperors,
whom the Popes at times invoked against their own
Subjects and at times met with temporal arms.
Thus Ohio the Great emancipated or liberated
Bologna from the Papal rule, then claimed by the
POpes in virtue of the celebrated Donation precise
ly as it is claimed now In the course of centuries
the Popes and the Cardinals-formed into body or
college in 100 extended their power over various
lands end cities of Italy, by all the means at their
command just as other princes end sovereigns have
done all over the world War, blOOdshed, diplomacy,
treaties, deception, murder, and poison we're used
by the Popes and Cardinals with as much skill as |
By other rulers, ard even more Some of the Italian |
cities, smartng under the tyranny of their feudal
masters, occasionally invoked the aid aud recog.
nized the supremacy of the Popes, and again after
time expelled The Papal eeates. This was the
case centuries ago with Perugia Bologna, and |
Others But these events all come within the epoch
of The full development and complete activity of
the temporal power of the Bishops or POpes |
of Rome. GUROWsKI.
ON RIFLED CANNON III