The daily exchange. [volume] (Baltimore, Md.) 1858-1861, 1859-05-09

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brng the Austrian General to the unprotected citv
OF Turin. There is nothing between the frontier
and the capital but the arms and bodies of those
4oVOO Sardlnlan troops, who are vastly out
numbered by the Austrian hosts. To crush that
army, to effect by force the disarmament demanded
and to dictate terms at Turin, would be but the
effort of few days if Sardinia remained unfriend-
ed When we see her in this imminent danger, we
look round anXiOusly to measure how far off are her
friends, and what may be the chances of timely
subsistence
In former times there would be little more to say
about this crisis but to await the issue of the in
evitable invasion. But the telegraph has altered
all things. The same wires which have told us of
the demand which General Gyulai has made by di-
rection OF his Imperial master has by this time car
ried to the Court of Vienna the strongest protest
OF England against this hasty and naughty menace
The Emperor of the French is now in possession
OF those significant words which were spoken by
LORD Derby at the termination of his speech. Ma
poleon Ill. has, moreover, heard of the movements
that are being made in Germany; and he cannot
but suspect that, when Prussia puts her troops in
motion, it is not without some knowledge of the
part which Russia is prepared to play in the great
drama. lie can look around, therefore, and see
that ms chosen antagonist is likely to be able de-
vote the whole resources of her empire to contest
which he has challenged.
lie must by this time have meditated on the fact
that Russla, Germany, and England have assumed
an attitude already passivey hostile and tend
ing towards state of even active coercion if for
tune should give him victory in the war, and if his
ambition should carry him beyond certain very
narrow limits of aggression. We may discern a
spark OF hope, therefore, that Louis NAPOLEON NAV
not make hasty rush to take up the glove that is
now so raShly thrown down: and that time may yet
enable England to prevail upon Austria
to retract it. There is still faint chance that
we may induce Austria not to precipitate war lust
at the time when matters have taken such turn
that there was some real hope of an accommoda-
ton. 1t would not be right, however, to hang
much weight upon this slender thread. 1t is not a
mlG1n f,h h,,,.a Il
pose OF a stubborn Power, exulting in her military
superiority, by diplOmatising her through the tee
graph.
From the Times, april o.
IHE PASSING OF THE TIcINO.-We NAV assume
that the passing of the Tcno will be considered by
the Emperor of the French a declaration of war
by Austria and that while the Austrans are march
ing upon Turin the French Emperor will be pourinp
his columns from the West and marching through
the passes OF the Alps to meet the Austrian nvad-
ers, and to anticipate if possible their arrival at
the Hardlnlan capital For this purpose, we may
consider Grenoble or Briancon as containing the
whole force of the French empire for the chains of
communication by rail are so complete that continu-
Gus columns might be directed from all parts of
france upon these cities. The columns however,
that should take them by Chambray and Mont
Gems would find themselves $50 miles from Tu-
rim when crossing into the Piedmontese terri
tory at the Pont de Beauv0isin Those which
sh0uid advance by way Of Embrum and Briancon,
ana over Mont Genevre, could find better road
the Alps, but would scarcely hope to win the race
against the Austrian troops, coming by the plains
Again, help might quickly arrive from Touon and
Marseilles by way of Genoa. From Genoa there is
railway to Turin, but it would probaby be reach
ed and destroyed by the Austrians in their first
day march. We should not be very confident in
trusting the safety of kingdom to the possibility
OF uniting before Turin, columns which had to
penetrate the Alps and to arrive from Genoa, if
one condition of the military success of such an
operation were that the concentration should be
effected in three or four, even five or six days.
physically speaking, if the is to come, the
ROVER which strikes the first blow and chooses its
own field OF action, will commence with an advan-
tage. Morally speaking, of course, the picture is
reversed"
STATE OF IrALY.-A correspondent who has Just
returned from tour through great part of the
Italian peninsula, and on whom reliance NAV be
placed, sends the following interesting communi-
cation Ihe state Italy may be thus described At
ence the troops continue to arrive at the rate of
three and four thousand a day. The government
contracted with the Loyd's Company, at the rate
OF horin head, to bring over any number of
troops and, besides, two large government steam
ers arrive every morning crowded with soldiers.
FOrtihcat0ns have been erected on the Lido com
manding the entrances to Venice and various other
works have been constructed the small islands to
the north OF the city to prevent any surprise by
gun-boats, as in the event of war an attack on
Venice is considered by the Austrians as certain
ty. Four large vessels were hired on the 18th to
take artillery stores ammunition, &c, to Ancona
Contracts were entered into to construct Jog houses
at Mantua for the troops, and less than 500 mass
were contracted for to furnish the arsenal at Venice
The empty palaces Venice are taken for barracks:
even the Raggonica, which belonged to the lnfanta
otSpain, is now crowded to its highest window
with troops and the houses belonging to the Count
de Chambord in the Place San Vidal are being
altered to accommodate soldiers.
From Venice to Milan the whole country is cov-
cred with troops, and the greatest activity is visi-
BILE IN Verona, Mantau, and Peschiera. At Milan,
the troops are billeted the Italians and the num-
bers of the Austrian soldiery now in Italy cannot
be computed at less than 220, 600 men, The Empe-
ror, with Baron Heiss, was expected at Venice on
the 18th inst. His Majesty's yacht left Venice on
Saturday last for Trieste to convey his Majesty.
At Turin continual deserters from the Lombardo
Venetian States arrive, and on Sunday last up
wards OF 200 young FloTentine volunteers made
their way to Turin. The preparations for war on
both sides, and the certainty of revolution should
no war occur, place all the efforts of the Congress
in very peculiar point Of view; for with the Vi
cnlty OF the various troops to each other the ha-
tired which is mutual each side, and the enthusi-
asm i'll Turin there can be little hope of avoiding
collision which would instantly light up in a war"
-Gdlignani.
From the London Daily Necs. ArrH22
After months spent in bringing the impartial
opinion and disinterested statesmanship of Europe
to the solution of Italian difIicuties-at a moment
when England, Russia, Prussia and France had
agreed on the means of preserving peace and doing
justice-when King Victor Emmanuel had given a
the preservation of the general peace, Austria
without notice, withdraws her quarrel with Sar-
dina from the domain of diplomacy, and insists on
settling it with the sword This is a monstrous in
suit to all the neutral Powers, but most of all to
England. For the mean and grovelling compliances
Of Lord Malmesbury-for the hattery of Lord
Derby-for the sacrifices made by the entire Cabi-
net in preterring Austrian favor to the approval of
their own just and generous countrymen, this is
the fair return, the righteous retribution
Austria has declared This ultimatum-tO
speak of it for moment if itwere bona fde dip
lOmatic demand, intended for serious consideration
lis monstrous proposal to extend to Piedmont
the same infamous policy which has reduced all the
other States in Italy to subsection to Austria 1t is
demand that the one Constitutional State which
is the hope and JOY of every Italian patriot, shall
strip naked, and PROSTATE herself at the feet of the
great oppressor of Central and Southern Europe
We will not insult the King of the noble twenty
five thousand who fought at our side in the Crimea
we will not insult readers-by discussing this
mock proposition 1t will not be accepted; it will
not be ENTERTAINERS it is already rejected. The
sovereign, the people, the army unanimous. 81
will fight second Novara," said Victor Emmanuel,
day or two ago. "rather than surrender the no.
bic Italian youth who have placed confidence in
me-"
Count Gyuais declaration of war follows hard
upon Count BuOls recent exposition of Austrian
policy in Italy as pursued for nearly half century,
and is its rational consequence. In the despatch of
the Austrian Foreign Minister dated Feb %, it is
solemnly declared that Italy can never have free
Institutions, but must always be governed by the
bayOnet, that the Princes of Italy have a egiti-
mate right to deliver their territory to the military
possession and their subjects to the stripes of Aus
tra and that to contest this is to denv their indie
pendence-that the Papal government needs reform
In its army and that if other reforms needed in
Italy, none can be under taken while Piedmont re-
tains her system. Such is the sum of Count Buors
declaration, and he s not eXpounding idle theory.
To defend bad governments against people weary
of suffering, Austria has successvely occupied ev
cry State in Italy. Since 1915 her armies have
been for five years in Naples, for six in Tuscany,
for six in Modena, for six in Parma for twenty-five
in the Papa States. There is not one of the petty
princes south of the PO who does not know that
however badly he may behave, there is great
power at hand which will infably protect him
against the indignation of his people In 1915 Aus
tria bound the King of Naples by treaty to admin
lister his government according to her absolute
principles. At Laybach, when there was danger
that constitutional government might strike root
in the same kingdom, Prince Metternich declared
that ''i the King himself wanted to establish the
constitutional system, the Emperor would make
upon him." In 1922 the Austrian Minister
declared, in the of his master, that ''the in
stitutions of the representative government could
not and should not be established in any single
Italian State" When the Austrians left the Pom
tiicial States in 1922, the Emperor informed the
Cardinal Legate, of Forli, ''that he should return
as he had come, unasked, whenever he thought
proper" When, in 1881, the French Government
demonstrated against renewed occupation of the
Papal States, Metternich replied that his master
determined to intervene, at the cost of a gen
eral war. And now we ask, who is it that have
associated freedom with war in Italy? Who but
the Power which declares that only by the sword
shall Italy become free?
This violent and sudden brutality is of piece
b H.