, 1859-03-02

rdo not ii present advise people from towns,
Who arc uuacquainted with country labor, to 20
there, for tho labor market u oIerfsosked, snd
n the hardships and first difficulties 81 set.
t1sra iife 10 readily - ~ American. 1t q con.
sider.ble number could 20 together in an or
xranized plan it might bs different. and great
fse;li,ies are now offered By the Grand Trunk
Railway of Canada tor conveying British eml-
rrants IN bodies from tho Atlantic to tho West
arm 8ate4. But think nothing Of this kind IL
l;faIv to be successfnl with. ut IN united plan
and ARRANGEMENTS made for tho arrival and set
tIemeut Of the party. But the Advantages Of
fered By such = country To the two classea to
whom have previously referred are very IN
portaut an preparing Z pamphlet for esr!y
puhIicatiou in which these sro sst forth in de.
tail, / will only saT here that, to the young
farmer who has to fhce keen competition At
| home. with rising rents and increasing wages,
both good things to the country 1t large, tut
! both likely to be accompanied By diminished
profits to himself, tho change will DO this-thst
| nois for tho aane sum II be wonld have to pay
~ . years rent here; that though manual la-
bor il desrer it Is greatly ecouomized By ma.
| chfnery; and that the soil il 10 freah and iuex-
| hausted that it requires no outlay for manufes-
Moreover, In the present state Of that country,
as he Is Tree to graze his his stock on the unocoa
ped prairie. Il is tlis that constitutes one great
advantage Of settling on the prairie in comparison
With woodland county. In the latter, the settler,
| GAG use no land until he conquers it frtm the
forest; in the former he not only can at once put
under crop I'll the land he purchases, hut be i, at
liberty to pasture his Gtotk and cut hay without
hindrance on all the uaoccupled aud fertile prairie
which stretches around him The grass and hay
for his cattle thus cost him nothing, and though
manual labor IS deares, horse-keep, which in Eag.
land Is such hea1y charge on the farmer, is very
| cheap. The skillul stock manager could not fill
to make mouey, whether BY Cattle or sheep. Ms,i-
no anetp are found very profitable And, in re-
| gard to corn farming, it b considers that the
average price of wheat in Illinois for the last ten
years has bsen more than half that Of England
during the sama period, whilst land OF equal
quality can be bought at less than one .thI1ietn of
| tue Engliah price, be viii see IN moment the
immense disproportion between the va1ne Of the
produce and that Of the land in the two countries
-snd the chances which be thus has Of an i'm.
mediate profit, besides the farther great probab-
y Of such al early r1se in the value of the land
lie buys as will tend to equa!i.e the respective
] rntes Of profit in the two countries.
/ The advantages which ars offered to this class
| Of purchasers BY your credit system are verT
! cbvious. young man cannot enter an ample
farm Of 800 acres in this country without a cap-
ital Of nearly e2, 900. Half that sun in Illinois
| will make him owner Of the sans extent oflsud,
fenced, plowsd, aud Ill under wheat. And If he
ayails himself Of the Gompauy:s credit system,
| little more than $500 will bs necessary to start
him. but no man can expect to reap such sd-
yantagea without some draxbscks. 4 settler ia
eDy Of the Western States need not look tor the
comforts Of Al old country. Ao must make up
| hla Mind to endure exposure, lard work II need
| he with his own hands, and many disappoiut-
| ments and unexpected annoyances before he
fnds hlmselt saccessfuL He must also be pre-
l %nf fona tkn SnI- 81
and sgue, to which all rich new countries soqth
OF the As deg. parallel arc subject, after seasons
| Of great humidity aud great hent-compleinta
! IL. -.hch. however, medical skill has discover
ed remedies auo e.iseTistives, which greatly di-
| mininh their danger. While young constitutions
sooa BECOME aceli4atea. ola. psopie ought not
to emigrate ut all to such eonntrics.
In conclusion, would say, that cannot see
any circumstances that should prevent gradu.
Al but certain rise in the value Of the companys
| lands in Illinois. II we're q 1arge shareholder,
| it would not disturb me much to hear that some
considerable body of tho inexperienced aud poor
purchasers had abandoned their forms. 1twould
| seam to NE rather an advantage for the eompa-
ny to hold the land themselves, and receive The
benefit OF increasing vaine, then to resign ail
tbs benefit to parties who are unable 10 use the
land 10 ~ TO increase the traffic Of the railroad
and Jet Wish to avail themselves Of the eo~pa.
ny'e credit.
beg 70 expires. the obligation which feel
to Mr. Osborn, the President of the Company.
for the nd which he gave me in prosecuting my
inquiries, and to Captain Mcclellan and The Of
fcets Of tho company for their valuable assist.
| ance.
| lam, Sir, your most obedient servant,
JANIS CA1RD,
January 5, 1889.
ROYAL AeaIcuL7rzH Co1I1qa.
CIEkxok1tkz. December q 1saa
| D1AR Sal have now the pleasure Of hand.
ing you the results Of detailed and careful anal
yses Of the four soils you sent to me about
month ago. A. the sane time inqose copiea
OF two remarkably fertile soils resting On the old
red sandstone formation, IS analysed by myself
aone time sgo. and also series Of soil analyses
made some Years ago by Professor Anderson at
request Of the Highland Agricultural Society Of
| Scotland
You will not fail to recognize general simi-
laraty In the compos1tion Of your soils, and OBJ
| serve that they all contain large Quantities of
potash, no doubt in the state Of easily decom-
po able sllicste Of potash. With the exception
OF No. 2, they also contain siicate Of lime, which
in No. 2 sppears to b entirely replaced By sili-
Gale Of nsguesia.
| The soils are not very rich in pbopphoric acid.
but still there is amply sufficient to meet all tho
| farm However, cannot help thinking that
should ha us4d tiuEfa1fy On Jua. oos, aud xpa..
| no and other ammohical Ianures more spariug-
| II, for You will perceive that all four soils aFa
| very rich Ia nitrogenlzed organic matter. In
| deed, l have never analysed before soils which
contained 80 much nitrogen, nor do hud any
| record of soils richer in nitrogen than yours.
In No. 2 the proportion Of nitrogen is smaller
| thaa in the three other soils, which might hare
been expected. sanee shers IL not 80 much Or
| Rsnic matter.
In tho soil from the Carss Of Gowris, Dr. An
,deraon found two per cent. Of nitrogen, which
be conaiders large proportion. Dr.. Anderson,
| referring 10 this constituent, saJs, ''The natu-
| rally large amount of this quantity may not be
| apparent wnen il IL expressed in fractions Of
| per cent we must bear in mind that the weight
Of the soil ten inches deep on an acre. s IN round
numbers, about thousand tons, and that quan-
tity will contain about two tons Of nitrogen. 1t
will further serve to illustrate it's abundance to
| mention that q crop Of wheat, amounting to 86
bushes with straw, contains about 81 lbs. Of
nitrogen, and 4 crop Of Swedish turnips only
| about q lbs"
| In the least fertile of your four soils, and l
nonslder No. 2 the least fertile in purely chem
icAl polut Of yiev, there is tuore nitrogen than
| in the Carse Boil. 1t il this large amount Of
nitrogen and the beautiful atate Of diyision that
| impart peculiar character to your soils, and
Distinguish them 50 favorably.
They are soils upon which imagine fax could
BE- grown in perfection, snpposlng the climate to
| be otherwise favorable. There Is one particular
to which would direct Jour attention. Aoue Of
these four soils contains in comparison with other
soils, q high percentage Of lime, and No. espc-
ciay, think, would bs benefited by an OCCASION
| al application Of lime. The soil No. contains
most lime, both as carbonate and in the state Of
scatc Of lime.
l hare analysed separately the portion soluble
fn acda, and the portion Of tue soils insoEuble in
acids. The analysis Of the insolnbIe s[cates re-
qulrsa fusion and takea up much time, and for this
reason could not send you the results before this
time.
For comparisons xlke, With other soils, have
put together the results obtained in the analysis
Of the portion soluble iu actds and thoee obtained
IN the aualysis Of the insoluble scates, 10 that
you may see at glance the total amount OF lime
potash. etc in l00 parts Of dry soil. In the same
table hare given approximate determinations of
the amount Of sand, clay, lims and organc mat
ter. which uay b. uselu! for some purpose.
Believe me, dear sir, yours fa.thfolly,
Card, Esq, II. P.
CHEMICAL co1pos11oHs or vAR1or1 rERrn1
soIL2.
ths Ra5s Il Sc s OF
Prairie Soils from III Soil from
Gen. Railway Lsnds Old BED
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