The Ottawa free trader. [volume] (Ottawa, Ill.) 1843-1916, 1859-09-24

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Having thus provided for the first set
tiers a temporary government IN these
additional States" and for apermanent
constitution and government when they
shall have acquired twenty thousand in
habitauts. the plan contemplates that they
shall continue to govern themselves as
States. having, as provided in the Virginia
deed of cesslOn, q" the same RI ghts of SOW
.rcignty. freedom and independence, in
respect to their domestic affairs and inter
nal politv. as the other States" until
they shall have population equal to the
least numerous of the original thirteen
States, and in the meantime shall keep
sitting member In Congress, with right
of debating but not OF voting. when they
shall he admitted into the Union on an
equal footing with the other States, as fol
lows:
:. That Whenever any OF the said states shai nave
Of tree uI sbsIfs shall then be IN any one
e tie .as numerous the thirteen original States,
such s;dse alhr admitted by its deegat into the
Congress the United States on an equal footing
with the said original States
. And
sUntfI sci, ~ their delegates into Con-
grsS- any said .>Tt@s after the establishment OF
Ee.p string member in Congress, with the right oil
debating bli not OF voting
Attached 70 the provision which appears
IL this paper under the = third head Is
Il prov.z0. containing FIVE propositions,
which when agreed to and accepted by
the people of said additional States were
IL be formed into charter Of compact,
and to remain forever "unalterablc." eX-
cert by the consent of such States as well
IA Of the United Statcs-to wit:
frorideY that both the temporary and permanent
governments be established on these principles as their
basis
ted States Of America
I'd. That in their persons property and territory,
they shall he subject TO the government OF the United
States in Congress assembled ard TO the Articles Of
Confederation i'll all those cases in which the Original
States shall be subject
Sd That they shall be subject to pay part Of the
federal debts contracted to be contractcdtO he
yortouyd them by Congress, according TO the
common rule and by which appos tionnents
thereof -IaII be made on the other states
4;f-' That their respective governments shall be in
republican form and shall ad- person 20 be citi
Ken who holds any hereditary title"
The fifth article which relates to the
prohibition of slavery after the year 1850,
having been rejected by Congress, never
became a part of the Jeiiersonian plan of
government for the territories as adopted
April -, 1874
The concluding paragraph of this plan
ofcovernment, which cmphatically ignores
the ri1ht of Congress to bind the people
of the territories without their consent
and recognizes the people therein as the
true source Of all legitimate power in res
poet to their internal polity, is in these
words
Tr,rid,J tina, both the temporary and permanent
rveru-eut "E0rt@r Of conPTct hail be duly execu:
the Pre-ideu; Of the United States in Congress
assembled under his hand and the seal OF the United
stats shall b. promulgated, aud shall stand fIuda
mental conditions between the thirteen original States
and those newly described unalterahle bat by TIE Joint
n-eut o;the United States in Congress assembled.
and ~ Il particular STATE within which such alt ration
i proposed To be made
This Jeliersonian plan of Government
culodieS and carries out the ideas and
principles of the fathers OF the Revolution
that the people OF every separate politi-
eel community (dep"ndent colonies, pro-
vIuce~ and territories Is well rs sOyercI IN
State have an imalienable right to govern
themselves III respect TO their internal,
Uolitv and rcpudiates the dogma Of the
British Ministry and the Tories OF that
day that all colonies, provinces and terri
torres Were the property of the empire. &C
guircd with The common blood and com
mon treasure. and that the inhabitants
thcrco: have no rights. privileges or immu
mites except such a. the imperial govern.
mont should Craciou-ly condesccnd 20 be.
stow upon them This plan recognizes b.
law an irrevocahle compact the exist
'it't 81 Two distinct classes Oh states ul'icl
our American system Of gOvernment-tht
one boin. members of the Union and con
si=tin- Of the original thirteen and such
other States, having the requisite popula
ton a Congress should admit into the
federal Union. with an equal vote in thC
management Of federal affairs ~ well a
the exclusive power III regard to their in
ternul pulitv Spectiyclv-thc other, no
having the requisite population for admis
sion into the Union, could have no vote O
agency in the control Of the federal Tcll
tons. hut possessed the same exclusive
power over their domestic affairs and III
tcrnal policy respectively rs the origina
States. 10000 inhabitants, To choose 70
their government thcconstitution and law
OF any one of the original States; ant
when they should have more than twent
thousand, but less than the number T,
ptIrcd t. cutjtle them 10 admission int
III" Union. they were authorized to form
for themselves = permanent ConstitutiO
aud government and i'll either case the
were entitled to keep . delegate i'll Coz
cres- with the RICH: of debating, bat no
Of votin. This Charter OF Compact.
with its fundamental conditions whic
were declared 10 he "uualterablc' with
out the Joint consent of the people il
t-rested in them. - well rs of the Unite
States. thus stood on the statute book ur
repealed and cpcalaOle-turni~hing
complete system Of government for a
the territory coded or to be coded I
the United States, without any other lcl
isIation upon the subject, when, on tn
18th day OF May, l.N1- the federal CONVEX
ton assembled at Philadelphia and pr,
cccitd to form the constitution undo
which we now live Thus it will be see
that the dividing line between federal an
local authority III respect 10 the rights
those political communities which. for I'll
sake Of convenience and in contradistin
ton To the States represented IN Congre-
we now call territories. but which WEI
then known as States, or " new States
was 40 distinctly marked at that day tn;
no intelligent man could fail To perceive
1t is true that the government of Il
confederation had proved totally mad
q'Iate 10 the fulfillnent Of the ends +,
which it was devised: not because of Il
relations between the territories, or ne
States. and the United States, but III co
sequence Of having no power 10 entOr
its DEGREES on the federal questions-whI'
were clearly within the scope of its g
pressly delegated powers. The radical d
fects in the articles of confederation we
found to consist in the fact that it was
mere league between sovereign States, al
not Federal Government with its appr
pirate departments-Executiye Legislati
and Judicial-each clothed with authOri
= TO perform and carry into effect its own /
cuiiar functions The confederation ha
ing no power 10 enforce compliance WI
it, resolves, the consequence was, IN
though in theory the resolutions of CO
gress were equivalent TO laws, yet III PR
tice they were found to be mere reco
mendations, which the States, like 9th
sOvereiCnties observed OR disrecarded
coriing to their own good Will and g