The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1859-05-02

present. very remarkable conras.-se are not Of the
betvIeen the two countrIes but the governments
Almost dentica and there Is such resemblance tia, ibis
country always the greatest interest the pro-,
growing reputation, and a. her exerions 20 promote the
cause Of constitutional government 10 Italy, We have
always admired the way In which she gained her liberties,
and has made herself uing rfstton @ those assertions
hfch haze been corstaiy put oytA that consution 90
have recourse 10 arms deeds excited ad mira
ton. More lately abe seems 10 have forgotten that Der
msaon in itay Of example, that she ought TO have
set bersef forward q MODEL she seems 10 bave for
gotten that military renown may be reaul; 81 consusu-
tona government but cannot be rs object she seems 70
have tos that every victory gained 10 no sprtof self
defence or of SELF preservation fuitless victory Il "a
thus aan din ulty has arisen aud Tor these reasons
understand how the posi' Of Northern Italy is
stated the position Of Austria and Sardinia with gard ~
each other and with refard to the public oplooa OF
Italy and OF Europe Tbere remains other great en-
pure which did not look with ind ference. need no.
say 1t is France Sy lords, IL Is dGeust fer az Eag'th
p'0css reasoning, by ahct process ef soued policy ne
ruler u that prosperous country has bsea INDUCED % tnsere
uh ether couhies iateynaL oGdtrs. or all countries Ia
Eore France has tho finest and most equal cmae, tue
inject and most equal soi she is capable of almost meal
of her eneraes Nv ord The Fens
policy has bsn 10 unite herself completely with the cause
OF Sardinia, and she appeared determined TO assert her
right TO interfere with what took place Ia Italy and to resist
wha, she considered the c!oacbments moral and mate
rial OF Auaia 10 that country This was with great
regret ny Der faithful ally, Great Britain. No has
supposed us capable Of assisting Austrian
gioDs against tae subjects Of her empire Such
would be utterly foreign to our principles and our policy
all over the world 1t would be equally foreign TO
policy interfere TO ASSET foreign nation to emanci
pate ITSELF accept revolutions when they brought
about and recognise de df0 and DOT lie governmental
II was therefore, not easy for understand the policy
which France seemed DESTROYS pursue in countries
where she had direct interest My lords, this of
things grew every day. and by the end Of February
reached such an alarming point that Lord Convey was
sent to Vienna Before he left Pars he 10 perfect
understanding with the French as TO their IDEAS the
Italian difficulty and acquired accurate owiedge Of the
particular points which they desired reform and settle lie
received with the creates. rankness and cordaty
by the Ausu ian government My lords lord Cowley end
Count Boot the Austrian prime minister discussed thesc
ponts calmly az became friends and political allies
cannot but cay believe that tho negotiations pro-
ceeded in the course in which they first laid aud If
LORD Coly hod been Permitted 10 be the sole mediator be
tneen Aurtn and France, cannot say certainly tohat
icould hare been the result but belisre the negoiatins
tccnld haze been further advanced and should haue had
greater hofes Of peoce than hare al present (ear,
hear) say 80, because only one me aa.or had been
employ ed Great Britain through her ambas sador Lord
bave arisen from public mediation, which
bias brought many points more before the pub
i lie eye, Bot Bot my lords, when Lord cowey re-
some communications had been going beeen Russia and
Eanee, Ge result @ hich apled ed 10 be that Russia had
cp@cd that congress should .ets the cGairs Of italy, and
tina, should be composed Of the Ave great Powers THIS
stated 10 first by the French Ambassador in Lon
DON He told me such congress world take place. and
whether approved of il; he haid France entirely ap-
proved Of it, and wished 70 know what England in
ciined to DO My lords, my conviction as to the best
pressed, but felt II that should fall very heavy re
spoDsibty would fall me if refused the invitation
the Russian government gave entor congress- and
make combined effort to settle :he Italian difficulty.
did not feel justified in refusing, whatever my private
opinion might be- therefore did accept But my lords,
before received the Russian proposition thought
better knowing did what the ideas Of France were
with regard to the particular points, and Count Buols
views thought better 10 anticipate the Russian govern
ment and submit those poins the basis for the deli
beration Of the congress. That did on the 10th of
March On the 22d Baron Drunow brought the Ollie a.
proposition for Congress- which accepted, and the
same time he agreed that 1t should on the bsas of the
lorcR, the four points these
l. Tho means by which peace might be preserved be-
tween Austria and Sardinia.
q The manper IN winch the evacuation Of the Roman
sairs by 'he Austrian AID frrc troops might tie best
8. Whether shy, md If any, wha, reforms should be
nate in the internal administration Of these Italian
States.
The substitution for the treaties between Austria and
the Italian Duchies OF confede between the States
fer Their internal and external protection.
These the conditions proposed for acceptance
with the disnct understanding mat the Congress shou
rot ebtcr INTO any question which would interfere
the existing territorial arrangement, Of Italy Now, my
orcs these four points received admitted by all
the other Powers the basis OF the Congress- but there
two collateral questions were these the compo.
si;on OF the Congress, and the disarmament OF
Your nrdshirs win obecTvo that the question Of
disarmament involved this great point, the means by
which peace might be preserved between Austria and
Sardinia With Itgard TO the question Of disarmament
ference arose. IL was proposed by that the dis
armament sbonld be only accepted principle and the
DETAILS considered in the Congress the FIRST question;
but others considered much preferable that effective
and real disarmament should pTecede the Congress- that
il should be entered into entirely en- political grounds and
with peaceful aspect Now, my lords have hesitation
in saying that, in the opinion OF her Maesty's government,
previous disarmament vas preferable; and seems
etent with sound policy and common that persons
who were to negotiate and who would have to discuss
tnorny and difficult questions should no. enter the
council chamber armed and should not have the
power. in tho event Of apy disagreement. to h I'VE
to arms but should the of violence
taken from them before they entered on the dscus-
sion. (Hear) This point discussed, and s not vet
settled The question Of the composition o. the Congress
Yves, after some discussion arranged (Ioar hear) Your
orcehps will rccoect that the Russian government pro.
posed great Powers alone should sit in CON
This has been the custom of Europe for many years.
they have always discussed the great public of E1
rope there did appear either Of us tina. there
any why should depart from the usual GUS
ten and call IN any Of the other Powers. Bat my lords,
at the same time 1t appeared that were going to
discuss the Italian question: only right tina. the a
lans should in some form other be heard before the
Congress, and seemed there would be great advantage
If the Italian naon should be represented TO hear what
proposed and let US hear what they had suggest We
proposed they should be united and be admitted TO be heard
whenever should wish to hear them during our deoe
ratops This proposal was founded the taken
under similar crcums in the Congress 1880 that
time there was dispute bet gcep Belgium and Holland
and the mpo! tsnt step Of dividing the and making
a new Kingdom Of Belgium to be settled in London
AT that time though Holland and Belgium were the prn-
cpa parties ia this negotiation, they wore not received
into Tho Congress or conference principals They were
allowed TO attend through their representatives in Lonlon
who were at a, st called Commissioners, but afterwards
nnisicrs It appears 10 there would be ncthtog
roen'oiy 20 the Italian States they before
gress IN that ens. There another proceeding which
took place at Lay bach in Is J. when three of Tao great
Russa, Prussia oil Ausra--came to certain de-
cistrs with regard 70 Italian airs They then invited
the Italian States 10 cit with them and to take share
10 tie ds, usOD, though not principals But Sardinia
when mis- proposition was made TO her, camed a right,
as one OF The seoIs, 10 be admitted 10 The Con-
sess The whole Of the great Powers that prooo
sicn and ag eed that would DO very ncOn 10
pait he precedent and that AZ dinas claim 20