The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1859-04-05

APFAu.s IN MFxIco,-We give elsewhere 10
day o Duu!er Of interesting letters Gom tue
capital and western coast of Mexico, which pre-
sent fai HUI picture of the internal condition
of that unhappy republic. Taking the news
fiurein given, in combination with the most re-
cent advices from Monterey Vera Cruz aud
Tehuantepec which we have published, wc may
sum up the preseD. condition of the civil war
there az follows:-
The church party, with its centre and soul ia the
city of Mexico. has been able, with the aid ofthe
remains Of the old army, to hold large portion
of the central most populous and most wealthy
districts Of the republic. Among the military
new leader, in the persou of the young, active
and energetic soldier, Miramon, has appeared,
and having suddenly risen to the Presidency, he
DOW centres in himself al the hopes of the ceri-
Cal and the military classes. While he conduct
ed the campaign in the North and Northwest he
was everywhere successful; and having takea San
luis POtosi on one side aud Guadalajara ON the
other, he sent Gen. Perez Gomez to extend his
rule to the shores Of the Pacific. The revolution
OF Robes suddenly called him to the capital, ard
He at once set about preparing an expedition
against Vera Cruz, the strongest and most i'm
portant po'nt held by the coustitutioaalists, and
he is now engaged in carrying it out. Our
latest advices show that on the southern
routes, from the table lands to Vera Cruz he had
driven the censtitutionalists from the passes of
Omealca and Chiquihuite, which are the points
where the two principal roads from Orizaha de-
bouch upon the plains along the coast; and GU
the northern route the constitutional forces had
been Withdrawn from Jalapa to the National
Bridge. The fever season, however, is at hand,
and if he does not strike his blow at Vera Cruz
soon he will not dare to take his army down
from the high and temperate regions to the hot
and arid plains of the coast.
In all the States lying near the circumference
of the republic the constitutionalsts are in the
ascendant. President Juarez has his seat of go
vernment at Vera Cruz, which is strongly forti-
fed against an assault. Y1catan and Tehuante-
pee acknowledge him. Alvarez holds the Pa
ciic shore at Guerrero, as far as to the mountain
passes to the central table lands, and ia said to
be preparing to take the field himself during the
coming summer. Cara holds Tamaulipas, OIL
the Texas frontier, as constitutionalist as also
does Vidaurri the States of Nuevo Leon aud
Coahuia. These two Governors are preparing
a Joint expedition against San Luis Potosi. Pes
uuiera holds Sonsra for himself under Constitu.
tional colors, and has succeeded in driv-
ing Perez Gomez, the General that Mira
mon sent to conquer the Pacific coast, out
of Mazatlan. In Michoacan, Governor De-
gollado has q body of undisciplned and
uncomfortable irregular troops, which have on
every occasion run away from Miramon aud
pillaged every place they have entered These
now threaten to attack Mexico while Miramon
is attacking Vera Cruz. There is little reason to
suppose they will do go.
OF the merits Of the contending parties little
can be said. The church party, sustaining Mi
ramon is a most bigotted and intolerant sect Of
the Catholic church in Mexico, for even all the
clergy are not with it. They have violated
every sound principle of domestic policy, and
every admitted one of international comfy.
France, England and Spain support this govern
ment actively, because they believe its triumph
will erect barrier TO American progress south
ward The constitutionalists, with the exception
of CARA, have exhibited more regard for the OBJ
legations of international comfy; but they have
carried their zeal against the conservative and
retrograde views of the church party to the very
verge of anarchy and social destruction. The
constitution theJ are now fighting for not only
procaims, in a measure, the principles of French
md I.yth a
lar leaders of the distant States in such way
as to prevent the federal government from exer-
cising any control over them The power of the
federal executive is SO completely emasculated
in that constitution that were its partisans to
triumph they could never constitute govern
ment under it that could reorganize the country
or preserve the public peace. Each Governor of
State would find it necessary to keep stand
ing army to protect society, and to appropriate
for its support the Custom House revenues of his
district. This is what they are now doing, have
been doing and probably mean to do in the fu-
tme. One significant fact, however, is plain in
the letters Of our correspondents. On the west
tern coast of Mexico the coming Of our Pacific
empire is abandantly evident.
WESTERN OVERLAND ROUTE TO OREGON
Among the passengers who 60 to California in
to-days steamer is corps of surveyors and
civil engineers en- route to Oregon to open new
line of communication from the Missouri to the
Columbia. This route is represented as passing
through rich and interesting region of country,
and when completed must open new gate to
the redundantly populated regions of the North
west and central sections of the country that are
now looking for new homes towards the Pacific
This route first came into notice through the