The eastern clarion. [volume] (Paulding, Miss.) 1837-1863, 1859-06-08
VTt III TITTTITT ITIIT IFNN.
The Three Fighting Men of Europe

As many of our readers may desire to |
have their memory refreshed as respects |
the three sOvereigns who have plunged |
Europe into war, we shall rapidly sketch
as much of their public and personal his
tory as viii do this. without causing wea-
riness by ovcr-minuteness of detail.
FRANCIS JOSEPH, EMPEROR OF AUSTRIA.
Francis Joseph Charles, Emperor of Aus
tria. was born August 18th, 1880. His un
Gle. Ferdinand /, abdicated on December
>, 1919, and this young gentleman ascend
ed the throne, as next heir. As is too
common in Europe, the young Emperor
commenced his reign by issuing a procla-
nation to his subjects, full of promises.-
Under his rule, AustAa was to have free
dom and a constitutional government
the monarchy was to be reformed-the
people were to have equality of govern
ment, on the basis of true liberty, and on
the basis of their equal participation in
the representation and legislation. Scarce
~ was his signature dry on this docu-
ment, when he closed the national repre-
sentative assembly met at Kremsier can
celled the ancient constitution of Hun
gary. substituting a new charter which,
being dead letter, was Withdrawn in
eighteen months: called on the aid of the
late Emperor Of Russia to crush all vitali-
itv of Freedom in Hungary, and, under
Radetsky, suppressed all attempts at lib
erty in Lomhardy and Venice. Thus full
filling the memorable say,
i- -lfe iEsSss = zs,lss1',ie, tz,ilstft peace,
the Emperor of Austria showed his real
mind by asserting for himself as much au-
tocratic power as the Gar has ever exer-
cised He made his ministers accomta-
bic, not to the law, but personally to him
self. Some few concessions he appeared
to make to the masses, but, in Austrian
Italy, his will is supreme, and in Austria
he has substituted his own personal COM
mand for the wholesome restrictions of
the law. He has maintained an immense
| army, even in time Of the greatest peace,
| at a cost so vast that the national resour-
| ces have been greatly injured. Loan af-
| ter loan, each at ruinous rates, have kept
| Austria in difficulties, and under a great
| weight of taxation. His latest financial
| measure, since the war with Sardinia COM
| menced, was to suspend the payment of
! specie by the Bank of Austria, and to Gre
ate fictitious money by the issue of assig-
mats. In 1854, he returned the service
done to him in the suppression of the
| Hungarian rebellion, by taking part with
| France and England against Russia. Ever
since his accession to the Throne, he has
! treated his Italian subjects with great ty-
| ranny. In their discomfort, they looked
for aid to free Sardinia, and the appeal,
| which has once more made France a COM
| batant on Italian soil, and will probably
drive the Austrians out of Italy, has to he
decided now by force of arms. Francis
| Joseph is said to be well informed, bold,
scheming, and unscrupulous. In April,
1854, he was married to a Bavarlan prin-
cess. In the private relations of life, his
conduct is said always TO have been highly
moral and exemplary.
VICTOR EMMANUEL. KING OF SARDINIA.
Victor Emmanuel IL was born March
II, 1920. His mother was an Austrian
princess. and his father was the late King
Charles Albert. Brought up under cleri
cal instruction, Victor Emmanuel, then
bearing the title of Duke Of Savoy, went
largely into society. bore a commission in
the army. and was well known as a keen
lover OF field-sports. In 1872, he married
the Archduchess Adelaide, of Austria
since dead When the French Revolu
ton of 1913 caused political commotion il
Italy. the Pope actually taking the lead a
a political regenerator, King Charles Al
, bert raised the banner of Piedmont, and
, a few DAYS after the Austrians were driver
out of Milan. proclaimed the War of Ital
ian Independence. All through the cam
pagn which followed. Victor Emmanue
b. spiritedlv fought by his fathers side, an,
greatly distinguished himself, on Marcl
"a lS49, in the battle of Novarro, whel
t the Sandman army was defeated. Tha
: very evening Charles Albert abdicated
; and Victor Emmanuel became King {
| Sardinia-which kingdom really include
e not only the island of Sardinia. but ais
: Piedmont, Savoy. the Lomellna, an
y Genoa, all in Italy. Charles Albert +,
z tired to Portugal, where he died 500
!, after.
a Little was expected from Victor En-
II manuel, the pupil of Jesuits, and son an
d husband of Austrian Princesses. His SUI
iects rather distrusted Kim, and, for
time, he had to encounter many intern
difficulties. Austria offered him the Duel
of Parma, if he would repudiate the Co
stitution. to which he had sworn, with Il
L father, in February, 1919, but he refuse
the bribe. Genoa proclaimed Prov
ional Government against him, but
speedily put down the cmc,Hc. After Il
m beginning of 1850, when the Sardini'
=" Parliament tardily ratified the peace wi
Austria, public confidence began to re
on the wisdom, patriotism, and boldno
of the King. He broke with Rome, I
-, serting the national independence of
n kingdom in temporal matters, and may
en- said to have become independent OF Z
NJ Papal See, in spiritual matters also.
lF January, 1855, he formed that allan
all with France and England, against Russ
he which led to his sending Sandman arr
OF to the Crimea. At the close of the W
49,, he visited France and England, ana
MI warmly received in both countries.
to the Congress at Paris, to ADJUST the teri
Ia. of Peace, after the Crimean war, Aust
strongly objected to Sardinia beng rep
m sented there by a Minister. lhis
rec overruled, on the ground that haVl
e "a fought. Sardinia had earned right
have n voice on the terms OF peace. II
known that, in the discussions, Sardil
sided with France, which desired to 9
Por or favorable terms to Russia. 1t is pr
I'M able that in this lay the germ of I
present alliance between France, Sardir
> and Russia,-which was consolidated
z. far as France and Sardinia were involv
s. by the recent union of Prince Napolt
" with the Princess Clothilde of Sardinia
= Victor Emmanuel, bold and dash
soldier, commands in person during
to present campaign. He has, no doubt,
able couraged the cry of disatfection in 1t;
so So partly to obtain additional territory, o
nps division of "the spoils," and partly to
r avenged upon Austria for the defeat
" q Novarro, in March, 1919.