The daily exchange. [volume] (Baltimore, Md.) 1858-1861, 1859-01-04

commercial and political power has been only
second to that OF the United States and at this
moment their prosperity and progress are more
rapid than ever before The organized political d.
visions, generally called provinces are at present
as follows:
Population. Square Miles,
frihce EDWARDS lsland.... 81 600 1000
nova scotia .............. 1000 II 900
New Brunswick. 100000 5000
Canada East. .......,......... $4,000 1874 900
canada west. j, 1851 900 10000
columbia unknown indefinite
'acouvers Island. ........ unknown about 1000
s,so2,o 900
| The present population cannot be less than four
millions In the order of the above list of organized
provinces, we began on the extreme east and ended
| on the extreme west. Between Canada West and
| the new province of Columbia there is an extensive
territory yet under the jurisdiction of the Hudsons
Bay Fur Company, embracing all that region lying
between Lake Superior and the summit of the
Rocky Mountains, north of the international boun-
dairy. This region is not less than 200 miles in
LENGTH from east to west, and extends northwardly
to the Arctic ocean. The northern portion of it is
too cold to admit of settlement but in the southern
part, from the Lake of the Woods to the mountains
NOT less than 900 miles-embracng the basin of
Lake Winnipeg and the valleys of the Assini-
bone and the Saskatchewan, the land is generally
| very fertile, and the climate much like that of
| Canada West.
The province of Columbia is composed of what
was formerly known as British Oregon extending
from the summit of the Rocky Mountains to the
some settlements on the coast and on the lower
part of Fraser river. The charter of the Hudson's
bay Company was only extingushed in this impor-
tant territory in May last.
Fancouver's Island, separated from Columbia by
narrow sound, known on the Maps as the Gulf of
georgia, but more popularity and properly known
as Iugets Sound, is fine island, about 300 miles
long, and from 60 to so wide of greatly diversified
surface, rich in coal and other minerals, and in
dented on all sides with numerous BAYS and harbors
inns island with the adjacent continental Shore is
a rnncf cal. r
treat Britain on this continent. Canada West, now
so populous and lourishing can never attain to
more than secondary commercial Importance, but
'ancouvers Island is destined to become, on the
western coast OF this continent what Great Britain
Is on the western coast of Europe 1t is in fact one
OF the most commanding positions on the globe for
in front 1T has Asia and the whole Pacific world
while in the it has a vast domain of which II
is manifestly destined to be the gate and the empo-
rum. commerce exceeding anythng the world
has ever seen will, before many years. centre in the
beautiful and tranquil waters that surround that
island.
| CANAL FROM New York TO NEwBERN, n C.-The
third annual report of the Albemare and Chesa-
peake Canal Company has been issued. The COM
pany propose, in connection with the Delaware and
| Chesapeake and the Delaware and Raritan Canals,
to furnish an inland navigation for sailing and steam
| vessels between New York and Newbern in North
| Carolina, distance of six hundred miles, which
will be free from the difficulties encountered at
present in the sand-bars and shallow inlets and the
dangers OF Cape Hatteras, so much dreaded by ma
! vigatOrs. The work is nearly complete lacking
only lock at the junction of the canal with Eliza
beth river, which is in progress of construction
and will be finished by the 1st of March next This
work is to be of solid stone masonry, the material
| being brought from the granite quarries of Mary
land and to be put together in the most substantial
manner, with double sets Of gates, and embracing
all the improvements pertaining to modern engif-
low to give draught eight feet water at the low
est tides. Its capacity is designed be sufficient
to pass steam propellers bearing five hundred tons
| burden.-Sates.