New-York daily tribune., 1859-07-08
vance hitherto the Itsaa aovemen; IS c,ly q, 4: were

beguping. ,ts ,o,.L .,,-, boz-
- - fe,ean.ioa: 5srs ttc popular slemea- ras
cAI.d early irto play. Ganbadi, the renowned pal-
san chief OF l.siy cent over iong before me a.
led armies moved, to roase the Ppo'rlh OF ins ~,
and 70 drive out the Austrian Win Their asasaace.
IN a l.iy of sbou: 600 y , OoJ men, smoDg shpm
wss = large uambeT who had come over from Loni'
bsriy Garbaloi was the representative, g = seis'
- bInonnlar -,emep.; his mission being 70 make adI.
,,.,,I an The rsrk OF lie armies nlch still 0ecupiei
ne eourt-T n force Z. could only be acconpshet oy
the assistance OF the people
Here. then, II anywhere, Lomo2ioy, Is, ior me mo
rsnt The place % see whether sn Italian movement,
ubieb Ike every other must imply nsks an sacrifices,
xist. o- r. l. has ut only Oe-l lef. % iisei Dat
.t,o rla,ed 10 show i,-elf. Remember the facts
which tel more than anything else. Before the allied
so,cea tired from the Po Garibsii with his troops
was q. Varese bet zen the Ls-0 MassioFe and Como
Before they had crossed The >1 ne aad gone 10 Coho
befme the Allies entered Milan he was 81 L-cco, before
.bey stirred from Milan he had entered Berg1mo ana
while n ey were crJssng the Aada he already IN
Bre.cis That all ths did not happen w!thOd; vic'ss
tudes and losses natural but this does 10, impair me
gIea. fsc.s.
mander and the bravery Of his troops this success s
due In the frs instance. There was always al appTe-
bepgon abr q that TIE Italians woali not fight very
desperately. The bravery Of the regular Piednoat-
ese army, Of course, no one do15tei, b1t ne Vonh-
teers had q rather dubious renown from lsiS Wnen,
with some brill ant exceptions, they did no, shoF mnh
fight. GaIlbalds troop formed then one OF these
executions: anu certainly llt thC'dyoIl <hiPA
keep up the reDogn 81 their chiefain. To any com
nander BAT shove al to The leader OF light troops IKE
Garibadi, TIE confidence Of The soldier IS one o. me
most necessary qualifications. The leader OF tne
Caccato dele AIp possesses this 10 Incredible de-
gree; he seen % know how to inspire every one with
bird obedience and uDbOunded tius. n his sk aud
lick. IieOce it arises that al the more enthusiastic
of the youths many among them Of the be.t Haian
volunteer CORPS may be looked upon rather as corps
dde. The result OF this is that if anything, too great
| daring Us their falt.
To sach bo5y OF men i was alone possible 20 IN
der'ab the hazardous mission which It received 70
,hIow itself the right fgLk OF the enemy on the
slopes of the Alps, and the population IN those
parts. Ii tAe people did not rse, and II the Aastfaas
sent an ovsrw.l Drce there no outlet but to
surrender or be killed. The Aus-rans did SEMI as you
know Gen. Urban with division 10 catch q G.rlbsl1i,
and be would possibly have succeeded IN forcing m,
troops to withdraw inio Switzerland ana De dsaiaed
had not been for the good spirit OF the popuatoh'
As il was Garibadi kept hun back by continual skir-
mshes AID clever marches until the advance OF the
| Allies forced him 10 withdraw Tne whole expedition
OF the CaociatOr was rather one OF those adventurous
enterprises IN The style of the middle ages taan 0 mod
ern warfare, and il viii read almost IKE romance
when al It's details Gre known Aided by the hardness
and split of biz troops Garbadi was ao,e 70 realze
the mission OF light troops to perfection. NO" on me
hal TX now on The rear DOW in roGt of the enemy anu
appearIc on ponts where he was least expected he
| owed 10 this mobility bis escape from the superior
| forces which We're sent against hun.
But all tbs wouId perhaps, have a. nue. sveIed ,e
him the bravery Of his troops had he not found the
people ready % side with hm. lie had worked mere III
| 1919 and biz pane was well known was one OF the
few which had come ont without a STAN from tnat
| war. He was therefore, the man for the WORK
Ii you look Of the map, you will find on the northern
slopes of the Alps number Of larger or smaller TO Fns
scattered about, with population ranging from o,ooV
to 1900. Most of these towns are OF old onSn ana
! not few among them have played considerable part
in history, as the heads of one another conedera-
| ton of Lombard towns. Although centuries have
passed since they lost their independence Sd strong
the vitality of freedom that the traditions ol
regiousy ke pit up, and spark of the spult when
once animated them has survived centuries OF sub
lection. II natural TO suppose that, il anywhere,
here could reckon on supporters oi the itahan
cause. .
Nor was this supposition wrong; for they who would
have stirred had they not had orders to remain
quiet lost time in answering the signal for rising As
soon n GaIibaldrs troops showed themselves IN the
IeighboThcod of one of these towns the Austrisns
thought il time to quit III order not to expose them
selves to be attacked III town In revolt Arms oi the
exist. nee Of which one knew, were rapdiy iofth-
coming. a national guard was Immediately organized,
barrcades thrown up 10 resist in case the Austlans
tried to return volunteers were enrolled means oi suo'
| sistence AS well Of transport organized for the
friendly troops, and information collected about the
movements Of the Austrians And this splrt was not
displayed i'll one town or two, but IN al without e1cep
There was but one class which, a. body, did not
iop in this general movement and this was the clergy
peasantry in the villages. This was especially the
case at Bergamo, which is the seat ol an ancient
bshopric and possesses incredible number OF con-
vents. Too weak to make head against the stream,
most of its members apparently follow it, but in reality
exert their influence secretly against II. AS TINS Is
known, tbe feeling against the whole class Is very
strong in the towns, and if ever the movement should
take revolutionary turn it will end III Tor them.
The peasantry in the villages, although unmis aka
! bly, worked upon by the priests have shown them,
selves peher forward nor backward in the national
cause; they do what they are told, but WIN thf as
trust this class usually shows against any innovation,
! they keen back not TO compromise themselves TOO
early, and to which way things are turning Here
as everywhere ese the system OF Austria has been to
favor the peasanry against the towns ana the great
pTopetOrs. Hitherto this went only 80 Tar Is 10 exact
r grea,o proportion otaxes from those classes which
weJc known 10 be hostile TO Austrian rule. IL seems
now that in the danger of rising ~ the towns oi
LOmbardy, il was decided TO excite, Ii possible the
jealousy and rivalry of the different csses-a stem
which had lad signal success in Galcia III lSls There
certain signs tlat a crusade has been preached
against the landlords. This is more apparent In the
plain, where The greatest number Of large properties
exist; but there it can have no OBJECT unless
! Coumuuic turn il given t. the sgitatlon The posi-
ton Of landlord and peasant IS here simply that which
exists in Eng land between landowner and farmer, anu
between this letter and the lsborer. The only differ
is that the rent is paid in kind, 6n1 not In roney
80 many measures Of wheat for each acre, go nlucH
silk for each mulberry tree, and on. There Is no
trace of forced abOr or any other remains OF the ieu
/ dal system. That the idea Of becoming propuetoTs
instead If Ghorers may be made palaabe and hnd al
L Iors amoIg the peasantry there can be no doubt,
/ but in The time il only in It's infancy, and q,
soon a. the Lew Government is established II VIII die
! of ItGef
Here at Bergarho ;he presy clement hes rs head-
quarters in tie upper town. Bergamo manly he' ON
and at tie 100. OF the last hills o the Alps between
| the valleys Of the Brembo and the SeTio. The Old
town. surrounded by high walls, is built on tEe bills,
while the town lies in the plain at the foot ot tnem
In even thing there contrast between the Two, one