The daily exchange. [volume] (Baltimore, Md.) 1858-1861, 1859-06-06
EUROPE.
THE AMERICAS MAILS.

From the London Times N1v pol
THE sTRATEGETICAL MoVEMESS7THs,j OF THE
AUSTRIANS
1t may be considered almost certain that the
month OF June will have begun before anv blow is
struck in Italy. Time flies, even to those who are
watching daily for events, and it is now month
since the rumor first spread that the Austrians
were on the point of sending an ultimatum to
Sardinia. On the Goth of April the first French
regiments We're dispatched from Paris and before
the end of the month the Austrians, with force
varousy estimated, but certainly not falling short
OF l20,O 600 men, were over the Ticino, and harry
ing the villages of Piedmont.
AS to the present campaign, it is impossible to
chronicle progress where there is no progress The
AuStrians occupy the line OF country on the right
or Piedmontese bank of the Ticino, and their left
extends past its junction with the Po to the neigh
borhood of Stradela, where the French should
they succeed in revolutionizng Parma and Modena,
are likely to strike a blow. The Austrians have
beyond doubt, resolved on an entirely defensive
plan of warfare; indeed from the very beginning
there was no other course for them. The seizure
OF Allessandria, if they could have carried it by
coup de main, would no doubt, have been fine
thing Tor them; but the place is too strong to be
taken except by regular siege, and for that there
was not time
As for remaining permanently in the Sardnian
territory that is out of the question. The Austri-
ans have one of the best military positions in the
world-a position advantageous that if they al
low themselves to be driven from it the Prussians
will probably conclude that "Germanv's sbieId'
may Well ne dllOWeu 10 Dear all the blows it gets
without "Germany's sword attempting to answer
them. But not until the French and Sardinians
come upon the lines which General GyuIai now
holds will the Austrians have fair chance in bat
tIe. Inc shortest examination Of the map of Italy
Will show that in the present political condition of
the country, it would be madness in the Austriaps
to 60 too far from their base of communication.
The Tyrol and the Territory of Trieste must supply
them with reintorcements, and it would be fatal to
them to leave the Manese and Venitian territory
at the mercy OF an enemy operating from Spezzia
for instance, across the Duchies or from the Adri.
atlc, OF which the French have complete command
From the Eastern frontiers of Italy to the Ticno is
more than two hundred miles, and a vast army,
composed even of the most spirited and rapidlv
moving troops, might be unwilling to be removed
SO far rom the nearest point which could be con-
sldered friendly ground.
Every consideration, therefore, leads to belief
that the Austrians will fight mainly within their
own territory. That slowness of movement which
seems inseparable from the elaborately prepared
armies OF the present day threatens that the attack
OF the French will be unlike as possible to the
brilliant dashes Of 1896. A quarter OF million of
men do not dash easily.
With regard to the rest of Italy, there is as vet
waiting for the death of the unhappy King of Ma
pies, and it may be that this event will lead to DO
htlcal changes in that kingdom. 1t is, of coarse.
OF great Importance to the French Emperor that
the whole Italian people should appear to make
common cause with Sardinia and the military am
biton OF the higher officers will be stimulated to
the utmost to induce them to take part in revolu-
tlonary movement. The States of the Church will
probably be lett to their neutrality since the feeble
Pore is not likely to initiate his predecessor in the
days OF Napoleon l., but must prepare ourselves
for every part of the Italian peninsula being forced
into common action with the French armies Should
unexpected success attend the French arms these
complications may be avoided, and the French En-
peror may perhaps act on the principle :" the fewer
men the greater share of honor :" but should the
victory tremble for any time in the balance, the
W nln M 0ltrt
take part in the war.
The correspondent of the London Times at the
Austrian head quarters, Mortara Nav 18th, repre-
sents the whole movement of Austria as purely a
defensive one. Austria did not attack Piedmont
This should be borne in mind in England. They
threatened to do so, but at word from England,
they totally gave up the project France began
the war by sending her troops to Genoa. Can anv
person really argue that the Austrans should after
that, have waited behind the Ticino, allowing the
allies to mass their troops here or at Novara; and
choose their own time for attacking? Had they
acted So single battle might have decided the fate
OF G all the northwest OF Lombardy, whereas, by ta-
King up this position, they prevent the allies from
advancing by the northern route, unless they can
hrst draw off the Austrans by fent towards Stra
della and Placenza. Clearly the Austrians could
not act otherwise, in selfdeence, than the Ii
cino when they did
When hear statesman like Lord Palmerston
express hope that this may result in the Ger
mans being entirely driven out of the country
haCuraiy hesitate IN forming an opposite opinion,
ana re-examlne the evidence which has been gra-
dualiy convincing me. | confess however, that the
more L compare statements with facts the more
settled does my opinion become. Under the French
Piedmont, Lombardy, Parma, Modena, and part of
the States OF the Church, formed one province In
1915 these all had fair start under different gov
ernments. Look at them now. Lombardy is the
richest province under the sum- but the upper one
thousand are discontented in the others the mate
rial prosperity is certainly less, and the upper one
OF Piedmont fed all he ast
are discontened; all wish for change of some Sort
from the Pope's Legate downwards. This magnifi-
cent plain OF Piedmont, which now see before me,
Is interior IN no physical respect to Lombardy vet
no man would hesitate, if allowed, to choose between
one acre of land east of the TcinO and two to the
west. Surely the English must have preudged this
case deceived by the name of constitutional" given
TO the PIedmontese government. Is a constitution
blessing or a curse to Latin nation? How has
it proved in France, how in Mexico, how in Spain ?
In SARDINIA twenty years ago the revenue de-
rived from ordinary taxes exceeded the expendi-
ture Inc people were happy, though some few am.
bilious lawyers and others were anxious for change
Now the national debt is increased year bv year. in
spite of taxation of the most oppressive kind and
the people are ripe for red republicanism. The
TACT seems to be that absoutsm and constitutional
forms equally capable of being used for bad pur-
poses If discomfort exists in Lombardy, as alleged
we can easily account for it by considering the con-
Duct OF Sardinia towards Parma and Tuscany. 1t
IS not denied that in these provinces the late revo-
lutions were effected by Piedmontese agents Now,
IN Lombardy can state, from personal obseI va ton
that the further from Piedmont the less is the dis
content. The claptrap phrases so often used by
persons who do not know their meaning, are Just
the same in Milan as in Turin, and in both places
are the same false statements made. The Lombard:
said to be subject to a more exacting conscrip
ton than the other nations comprising the Austrian
empire. What is the fact? Until lS4S the LON
bard only served eight years. the others fourteen
Now this has been equaized, but who is to blame?
Who is to blame? l beg pardon-I mean to say, tc
whose disinterested friendship does Lombardy owe
the heavy conscription of this year?
From the Laralide Russel
RUSSIAN OPINION on THE AUTHOR OF THE
WAR.
But let 1t not be forgotten that she has insisted
on and commenced this war in the face of the uni
ted efforts of all Europe to prevent it. What would
she prove by that? Assuredy not her honesty MOI
her right nor the happy state of Italy under heI
rule, nor the necessity of the continuance of heI
| system. In any the responsibility of so much
carnage, of so many families ruined, of so many
tears and so much bloodshed, falls back entirely
and solely upon the instigators of the warlike pol
| icy.
From the London Daily Nelos May 2OI
AUSTRIAN FORCED LOAN IN LOMBARDY
Austria seems resolved to Justify, by fresh act
OF violence and oppression, the European condem
nation OF her Italian rule. Since she crossed tn
Iicino her Generals and her armies have revealed
the cruel and relentless character of the despotisu
they serve by course OF indiscrminate theft anC
spoation, by acts of cruelty and Injustice such a
nave rarely III modern times dlsgraced the warfar
OF civilized nations. The movements of the Austri
an army in Piedmont dictated from Vienna
and IN the work of local destruction now going OIL
between the Sesia and the Pc, we see the charac
ter and spirit of the Central Government. Tha
spirit is essentially barbaric The progress of civ
ilization and refinement has, indeed, veneered tn
surface, but the centre is unchanged-thel long habi
OF arbitrary rule has confirmed and rendered invet
crate the worst vices it engenders No sooner ar
the formal restrictions of peace thrown off thai
Austria appears in her true character She hasten
to indulge her savage lust for punder, and gratif
her savage instincts of cruelty and revenge. Tha
instrument of her conservative" policy is destruc
ton, and her favorte means of conciliating disaf
fected SUBJ jects the knout and the sword. Ever
post brings fresh accounts of the ruthless doing
of the Austrians in Piedmont Their brutal Croat
have ravaged defenceless country, and robbe
without pity an innocent and passive people,
Within three short weeks they have converted no
only by systematic plunder, but by wanton de
struction the most fertile province of iourishin
Kingdom into a wilderness This is the punishment
inflicted on an industrious and thriving population