The weekly pioneer and Democrat. [volume] (Saint Paul, Minn. Territory) 1855-1865, 1859-05-26
The Routes over the Alps; the seat of
War.

War.
From the Pbade phia Pcnnsy iyaniaa.
Just fiity-nne years ago, another Napole-
on crossed the Alps. On the 18th Of May,
1900, the march commenced in separate
columns, by five distinct routes, over the
Simplon, the st. Gothard, the Great and
Little st. Bernhard, and the Mont Gents.
After tour days Of immense difficulties and
hardships, the troops descended into the
valleys OF Piedmont. Driving the surprised
Austrians before them, they passed the
Sessia and 1essino, and appeared on the
I'd of june before Milan. On the 9th they
crossed the Pc. Then was gained the bat
tie OF Montebelo, and the l4th OF June saw
Bonaparte victorious at Marcngo. The first
Italian campaign was ended. Five weeks
had sui!iced to cross the Alps and conquer
Italy and on the 81 OF July the conqucror
was again in Paris. The march OF the
Third Napoleon's armies into Piedmont
will be much easier. Art has nearly re-
moved the Alps. From the railroad termia,
in France, to those In Sardinia, is but q
days march, or little more. Then there are
numerous mighty steamers at the Emperor's
disposal, which in less than fifteen hours can
run from Marseilles and Toulon, to Genoa
and Spczzia, carrying troops, munitions,
horses and the whole ponderous machinery
Of war, so that in couple OF days u corps
of 10000 may be embarked, and thrown up.
on any point of the coast OF Sardinia, to be
hurried forthwith by railroad to the seat of
war. But notwithstanding these enormous
facilities, and the abundant resources at the
command of France, the present campaign
will certainly not be completed in five
weeks.
1t appears that with the only exception
of the Mont Gems route, none of the old
routes across the Alps will this time be
used by the French armies, as this would
involve breach Of neutrality, these routes
running through Switzerland and the neu.
trail potion OF Savoy. OF the three routes
which will be used, that over the Mont Gems
il the most important. At Macon aud Ly.
ons, railroads branch off from the Chemn
de fer du MIDI 1.-THE road from Paris to
Marseillcs) joining at the town of Pont.
Ain, whence track extends over Cham.
bcrri to 1t. Jean de Maurienne, on the foot
of the Alps. From this point road leads
over the Mont Gems to Susc on the other
side OF the Alps, which road is no more than
twenty miles in length. From Suse to
Turin is about two hours ride by railroad
aud therce to Alcssaudria, where the main
body of the Sandman army stands. about
three hours.
About sixty miles south OF Lyons another
branchroad runs oil from the Cdem,n de fer
du MIDI, to Grcnobe and Briancon, on the
Sandman frontier, where a turnpike leads
over the Mont Genevre direct to Turin, and
u branch of it to Suse. The road IRON
Briancon to Suse is about twenty-five miles
in length. Then there is third route
which. from Marseilles over Toulon, follows
the coast to Nice--the whole length rail-
road. From Nice to Turin il one hundred
miles, most of the way. il not by this time
the whole length, railroad.
In addition TO this, there are many har-
bors OF embarkation on the Mediterranean.
ii which the most important are Marseilles,
Toulon. Frejus, Canine, Antibes. etc. OF
the routes mentioned. that OF Mont Cents is
the easiest, and is therefore most ircquented
by travellers. II is one of the great works
constructed by Napoleon |, who commenced
it in lS03. hut it was not till ISL, that it
was completed. Pompey is supposed to
have been the first who crossed this point Of
the Alps From his time TO Napoleou's it
could not be passed except on foot or mule,
but now II is practicable, at all seasons, for
the heaviest wagons and cannon The army
81 ..la~ Sl,rar,l fn..Nka~t
Lyons, takes this route. while portions Of
it will go by Mont Genevre.
The corps concentrated in the South IN
der paraguay D'lIilliers, it is reported. will
take the route to Nice, and over Col di
Tende TO Cone. thence by railroad to Turin.
while q third corps will go by sea to Genoa
and perhaps Spezzia, the entire army Of IN
yssiou amounting to some 10000 men, 80
that with the Sandman army. which num-
bers 90 900, there will bc force OF 100000
opposed 20 the Austrisns, whose forces on
the rIcino ar estimated ct 200 0o0. Bot
it is spprehenied that. notwithstanding the
celebrity with which the Fr, nch will advance.
the Aus,rians NAV have done some conside-
rabk mischief before the arrival Of the
French corps upon the theatre OF var, The
position taken up by the Sar'iinsns u, how.
ever, q very strong one. WhiIe their al.
vsnerd p,sis stretch along ,hc banks Of the
T,cino, the main body OF the army stands
betwru OF rather behind The for,rss.s Of
Aksssndria, Valcnra and Casale These
pscvs, which had been r.zoi IN 1915 by the
Aus,risns. we're in all HASTE ior,ltiej since
the late fars Congress. They arr situated
81 - TO form an ob,usc triangle. OF which
cne side. IRON Na-ua "a CssaIe, 10 the
north, q aooat Is miles IN sne,h. the other
from Nalcus, O. AsssAn.irtA 10 mikes Va