The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1859-10-17

The Ncws from EurOpc--Thc Italian
Question Unsettled-Warlikc Aspect or
Affairs.
The North Britain, with dates from Liverpool
up to the 9Th inst, arrived of Farther Point.
on her way to Quebec, yesterday morning, and
we lay before our readers to-day a fun sum-
mary Of her news, received by telegraph last
night
The intelligence from. Europe is important
and by no means indicative Of lasting peace
The most striking part of the news Is relative
to the affairs Of Italy, which seem to be in
most critical condition. At the Zurich Confer
ence the six plenipotentiaries met together for
the first time. The result of their consultation
is stated in the Paris papers to have been the
settlement of the affairs of Lombardy, as far
as regards her debt--a great portion of
which Austria consents to assume--her
boundaries and the confirmation of the cession
of Lombardy to Piedmont, g agreed to at
villafranca by the two emperors. Treaties of
peace we're also entered into between the three
late hostile powers, France, Austria and Sar-
DINA; but the other Italian questions, touching
the future destiny of the duchies and legations,
are left to European congress for adjustment.
But while these pacific arrangements are
agreed upon at Zurich, Italy is giving utter
ance to tones of discomfort and defiance which
breathe anything but peaceful intention.
Tuscany, Modena, Parma and the Romagna are
in ferment and threaten a renewal of war or
a strong united kingdom in Upper Italy as the
alternative. The duchies insist in terms Of I'M
mistakable determination upon union with Sar-
DINA, and proclaim their fealty to Victor Ema-
nuel Garibaldi has appeared at Bologna in
the Roman States, where he was received with
immense enthusiasm, and issued an address
calling the people of the Roman Legations to
arms, while the Sandman government itself
has promulgated circular of very significant
character, which, in connection with the tenor
of the Kings late address, has caused, it is
said, such uneasiness at the Vatican as to pro-
cure the dismissal of the Sandman Ambassador
from Rome.
Again, despite the apparent pacidcatory COM
plexion of the Zurich Conference, it is remark
able that neither France, Austria nor Sardinia
Is relaxing particle In its preparations
for war. Another hostile feature in the
state of affairs is manifested in the or
ders of the day issued by Marshal Neil
to the French army at Toulouse, in which
he speaks Of the improbability of permanent
peace, and which, taken in connection with
the addresses of Garibaldi at Bologna, and of
General Fanti, the Commander of the Army of
Central Italy, all breathing the same spirit of
war, cannot be viewed as an indication of an
immediate settlement of the Italian difficulty.
These are all portentous signs-specks on
the horizon which may in moment assume the
form and dimensions of thunder cloud.
Looking at this news in its various aspects, it
seems as though great crisis was at hand in
Europe Certain it is that the Italian question
has not yet reached satisfactory solution, and
it may be that unless the determination of
England, Russia and France that the Italian
people shall settle their own affairs be vigor-
ously carried out, nothing can prevent a re-
newal Of the war which has just closed.