The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1859-07-29
PROTECTION OF CITIZENS.

Gems as belonging to themselves And tnes eEhey
claim 10 be inalienabie ana ihaesuucupie 30.
,arv service Of a foreign potentate, prr e or soye
reign, they will interpose to protect ana release
him Why?
due by his allegiance to his sove' eighty at ONE.
I'd, His own sovereignty Hsr reeS h;s mill;
tary. services at home, Will a lie is pressed into
foreign service. And
two masters-he might b a pressed to serve in war
against his own sovey eli IN and he Compelled to in
cur the penalty of de AIN for dcserton on the one
hand, or for treason IN the other, or be compelled
TO perPetrate do'Lbl treason.
2ndly. Becaus allegiance and prote ction are cor
RELATIVE oonP atSns. Allegiance is the political
vereign.
IN forelg service, that may make it optional with
the sover eign whether to interpose not, or how
far TO r eieve him. But are dealing with cem-
pnlsory casesn order to extract rule for that class
OF cas- g. And,
2ar =. Prussia and European Powers all deny the
right of expatration without the consent of the So
Ver' ign, and hold to the maxim OF "once citizen
ally ays citizen and claim the obligations due to
al egance for life. They deny the right OF natura-
y cation to renounce it without their consent
Therefore it was that Great Britain claimed, for
example, the right of search" of our vessels and
the right of selling those of their crews who were
that the last war with her for sailors rights vas
fought.
Such is the old, the European system. The new,
American, is precisely the old, except that it re-
jects the last dogma against eXpatriaton and
naturalization.
The United States of America established the
new system and order of human rights and upset
the odious dogma of despotism-"once a citizen,
always q citizen
Necessity as well as policy and the love of free
dom, compelled them to unfetter the people OF the
I'D hAr ~ nhn,n tn ar1A thnts thnsa
States might be populated by new law Of natu-
ralization. In their Declaration of independence
they complained of the grievance that the King of
Great Britain had endeavored to prevent the popu-
lation of these States-for that purpose obsructng
the laws for the naturalization of foreigners, re-
fusing to pass others to encourage their migration
hither,' &c. And when independence was achieved
and the constitution was adopted one of the first
powers proclaimed and specifically given to the
Congress was
Article l, section 8, clause 4-"The Congress
shall have power to establish uniform rule of
naturalization
The true idea of naturalization is, according
to its legal as well as its genealogical sense,
'when one who is an alien is made natural
subject, by act Of law and consent of the sove,
our sovereign power is written in the consti-
tuition, and Congress has passed the acts of
law. By the leading statutes Of April H. 1902, and
May &C. 1924, modified by other statutes, when the
alien declares his intention to become citizen of
the United States, he is required first, then, on
oath or affirmation before the proper State or
Federal Court, "to renounce forever all allegiance
and fidelity to any foreign prince, potentate, State
or sovereignty whereof such alien may at any time
be citizen or subject" Agan When he has
waited his probation through and applies to be
admitted citizen Of the United States, he is re-
CURED second time TO take an oath, make AFR
nation, before the proper court, that he doth alb
soutely and entirely renounce and abjure all ale
glance and fidelity to every, foreign prince poten-
tate, State or sovereignty whatever and particular
ly, by name, the prince, potentate, State or So
vereignty whereof before he was citizen or sub
ject.' He is required to renounce, also, all heredi
tary titles and all orders of nobility And the main
exception to naturalization in our laws is:--Pro-
vided, that no alien who shall be native, citizen,
deniZen or subject of any country, State or sover-
eighty with whom the United States shall be at
war at the time Of his application, shall then be ad
mitted to be citizen of the United States
Thus by double Oaths we require remuneration of
all allegiance and fidelity by an alien to the coun-
try of which he was native or subject. And we
'naturaliZe" him our citizen. He swears allegiance
to the United States and renounces and abures all
allegiance to other powers, and becomes er vi ter
mini, as if native born in the United States,
their country is his country, their flag is his flag.
He is born anew to liberty, not fguratively as in
the spiritual kingdom of grace, but by the
adoption of naturalization he is made in fact if
native" lone of us!' What the natives owe to
the United States the naturalized owe to them and
what the United States owe to the natives they
owe 10 the naturalized nothing more and nothing
less. To ascertain, then, what they owe to their
T.,
rallied citizens and subjects. What protection do
they owe to their native citizens abroad?
Just at this time the United States have an IN
usual number of native citizens in Europe. They
have gone for travel, trade, and to look upon the
desolatons of the wars Of despotism, while their
own blessed country is smiling in peace and plenty
without sigh except for Italy and the European
R S% TnS are n sfsans 90 or to IN c,
France, they must beware Of violating the
criminal code, and avoid violating the To-
cal laws declaring offences mala in Sc, or
mdld prohibitd-all msdemeanors, felonies, or
other crimes; they must also pay, for example, all
wharfage dues of landing, and submit to examina-
ton OF baggage, and pay customs, and observe all
commercial regulations; they must be cautious
when they get to Paris to observe the local police
laws; they must submit, in one word, to all the
local, criminal, commercial, political, municipal
laws and ordinances. If they violate any of these
they will be subject to French Jurisdiction and the
United States will not and ought not to interpose
for their protection. If any one of them should
choose to enlist in the French military or civil SER
vice voluntarily, he must abide its laws If he de-
serts the army, he may be shot as deserter; if he
murders, he may be hung Or guillotned. The
United States can interpose naught but "good
Offices to relieve him from penalties incurred upon
his own responsibility to local laws-as in the
Of the filibusters in Cuba.
But, on the other hand, If Louis Napoleon
dares to seize any of them and force them into
his line Of the army, or restraints them of their
personal liberty for his service, of any sort
without violation Of any local municipal law,
but merely upon the claim that he may enforce
their allegiance and fidelity to his sovereignty
because they are in his dominions; then the
United States will interpose for their protec-
ton, and will deliver them from the usurpation,
If that bold bald bird, which has an eyrie some
where near Mount Vernon, has not lost his
beak and talons, and forgotten the cunning of his
instinct to swoop at any felon hawk that may prey
upon the Gallo cock, any other fowl of European
barn yards. And why? Simply for the same reason
given why Prussia and France, and any other
European sovereignty, will not allow their native
citizens to be 30 seized and 30 served; because
these citizens owe their allegiance to their own
government, and that government owes to them
protection; because these obligations of allegiance
and protection reciprocal and political and not
municipal are home and not foreign; universal
and not local; are permanent and not temporary
obligations, though they are not perpetual. There
is no other reason for interpOsing in behalf of
natives.
If that be the reason for interposing in behalf of