The daily exchange. [volume] (Baltimore, Md.) 1858-1861, 1859-05-19
EUROPE.
THE STATE OE AEEAJp

| THE STATE OF AFFAIRS IN SARDINIA.
TURIN, April 30.-Yesterday was day of pro-
found calm in Turin, which has looked like desert
| ed village during the two days that have elapsed
since the last troops left it, and | actually heard
| one or two credulous persons whisper something
about the probability of peace Idle dreams, upset
| Dy the evenings realities News came of the Aus
trlans having crossed the Tcino at Gravellona and
other points, and Casale was said to be threatened
| From information which subsequently reached me-
however, it appeared that only small bodies Of
! troops had entered Piedmont for the purpose nroh
ably, OF repairing the roads which had been inter
sected at short intervals by deep trenches and en-
cumoered oy the trees that grew at their Sides and
which had been teled and dropped across them
! lhere was no reason for believing that Casae was
menaced more than any other point except that
GraVellona, which is about three miles from the
Iicno, and to which the largest detachment seems
| to have crossed is about the nearest nont of tLa
| frontier to that fortress
Ii the accounts that have reached me from per-
| sons who were lately at Casale be correct, that
place is in no condition to resist serious attack
| 1t was expected that the Austrians would cross in
fOrce early this morning. | am writing at an early
hour, and can as yet add nothing to the heads of
information sent to you last night bv telegraph and
| which hope have by this time reached YOU. al
though dare not feel too confident of it. owing to
| the vast mass of messages which, at IL p NJ were
| waiting transmission. | mentioned the arrival of
french troops Not to overstate numbers, / will
estimate at 10000 those which are this morning in
the Sardinian States, divided between Genoa (pos-
slbiy some OF those NAV have gone on to Alessan-
| dria, Susa and Turin for they have bepun To ar
! rive here. l have just returned from witnessing
the entrance of the first insalment the Nineteenth
battalion OF the Chasseurs de Vincennes. The Ma
tional Guards were under arms at six this morninp
to receive them. 1t was past eight before tbey ar
rived and at little before nine they marched down
the Via Santa Teresa, which leads direct from the
railway terminus into the heart of the city The
reception they met enthusiastic. The windows
| were thronged, chiefly by women, and flowers
rained upon them. Most of the French had a small
boquet or flower stuck in the muzzle of their ri
nes FROM al sides the population thronged to see
them pass. They greeted as they moved on
wards by running fire of cheers and capping of
| hands.
! Passing down the Via Nuova they marched round
those sides OF the Pazz di CASTILLO in front of the
hlng Palace and of the Ministries, and up the Via
d 70 to their allotted quarters 1t is said that
eral more trains full will arrive to.day. Marshal
CanFobert and General Mel arrived yesterday, and
took up their quarters in the ROYAL Palace Mar
shal paraguay d'Hilliers has landed at Genoa
The troops dsmebarked at the lastnamed place
have met the most cordial reception from the peo-
pie.
The French seem to be transporting most of those
troops that come from MarseiIles and Toulon on
board otmen-ot-war Among Others according 10
the Genoa papers, the Bretagne and the NAPOLEON
entered that port the day before yesterday At the
same time see it is mentioned in another paper
that our Admiralty is advertising for TRANSPORT for
two regiments to the Mediterranean There are
probably good reasons for this, but, to those igno-
rant OF them, it seems as if the French made their
men-of-war more generally useful than we do
Since | commenced this letter other French
troops have arrived and sees soldiers and Off
GERS about the Streets the former fraternzing with
the National Guards and with a few straw Pied.
montese soldiers still here As far as nv observa-
tlon goes the French have every reason to be well
pleased with their reception in Turin. At 3 this
afternoon battalion OF the 43d Infantry marched
down to the Genoa station, amid the cheers of the
mob, and were sent off by train. A detachment of
another regiment shortly afterwards followed. 1t
is reported that the King will leave this to.
MORO W VITO, Tor the front Yesterday he went
down to Chivasso and the Dora with Generals Can
robert and Mel to inspect the defensive works cree
ted on that part of the line, where large Sardin-
ian force is stationed The probable movements
and plan otcampaign of the Austrians give rise to
much speculation; but, of course nothing is known
The prevalent idea seems to be that they will at
tack on several points at once, but doubt if even
at the War Office, up to late hour last night there
was any very strong opinion to what they were
likely to do 1t Is impossible even to speak deci-
dedy as to the relative strength of the two armies
since one and probably the other also is continu-
ally receiving reintorcements. With excellent
troops and good knowledge of the country on
both sides, it appears as it, barring any violent dis
parity of numbers, superior generalship must in
great measure carry the day.
AUSTRIA.
VIENNA, April 30.-About tWenty-four hours ago
another attempt to mediate was made bv the British
Government but it was entirely fruitless. The ex-
cesslve, the fanatical love OF peace, displayed bv
Lords Cowley and Malmesbury, is one of the prin-
cpal topics of conversation in diplomatic circles
and a German statesman yesterday observed that
Her Maesty's Ministers appeared to be laborinp
under the impression that the man who had com
pleted the Notifications at Cherbourg had leriti-
mate right to lay down the law for the whole of
Europe. "Let us have fair trial of strength with
our enemies, say the Austrians, until the weather
renders active preparations impossible, when the
dipomatists can again take the field" The Mar
quis de Banvile, the French Charge d'Atfares at
this Court, intended to quit Vienna this evening
but he is said to have received instructions by tel
egraph to postpone his departure 1t is known
here that though 1000 men were employed in
carrying away the snow on Mont Gents, the
French troops were obliged to leave their baggage
and artillery behind them.
The Emperor sent, by electric telegraph an in
vitation to the Grand Duke of Tuscany to come
to this city, and his Imperial Highness has accept
ed it.
The Wiener Zeitung of this morning contains sew
eral Imperial ordinances relative to matters of
finance. "The third class of the income-tax' is i'm
posed on the coupons of all kinds of Government
stock. The Bank is empowered to issue notes of
on Austrian currency to the nominal value of l40-
OOO1., and it will receive security State Bonds
to the amount of 20O,000,000h. Ali duties are to
be paid in silver, was the few months ago.
Bank paper is again at forced course, the Emper-
or having Temporarily" relieved that institution
from the obligation of cashing its notes on demand
The coupons of the National Loan are to be paid in
presented
payment" The state of public feeling here is very
bad, and in Hungary it is still worse.
AUSTRIAN THEORY OF THE ITALIAN QUESTION.
On the 18th of April, Count Buol addressed
circular despatch to the diplomatic agents of the
Austrian Government at foreign courts:
''By her refusal to disarm, Sardinia (it says) has
proved that she is resolved to continue her attack
on the indisputable rights of Austria to disturb
the tranquility of Europe, aud to encourage the
hopes of the revolutionary party. The Sardinian
Government has abused the national feeling of the
Italian races All the germs of discomfort in Italy
were long assiduously cultivated, and, as soon as
they began to spring up, Piedmont took the field
as the champion of all the Italian nationalities.
Sardinia can never have sincerely wished that It.
ally should remain in state of peace and prosper
ity, for whenever the Italian monarchs have dis
played clemency and shown spirit of Cancellation
she has redOubled her efforts to rouse the e9 il pas
sions of the people. When the Emperor and En-
press were In Italy, the public papers were per-
mtted to speak in favor of regicide; and when his
Majesty placed his brother, the Archduke Ferdi-
nand Maximlian, at the head of the administration
of the Lombardo-Venetian Kingdom, the agitators
at Turin Systematically misrepresented every act
performed and every measure taken by that bene-
VIOLENT and generous prince.
"Austria is a conservative power, and religion
morality and historical rights are sacred in her
eyes. The possessions OF Austria in Italy are
guaranteed to ner by the very powers which gave
Genoa to Sardinia. Lombardy was for many GEN.
tures fief of the German empire and Venice was
given to Austria instead of her Belgian provinces
tent OF the inhabitants of Lombardy and Venice is
the dominion of Austria on the Pc and Adriatic
The right of Austria to Lombardy and Venice is
lrreragable, and it will be defended against every
attack.
'France, which long shared with Sardinia the
moral responsibility for the sad state of things in
Italy, now openly supports the revolutionary move
ment which has begun. The second French empire
Is about to realize its long cherished ideas for the
throwned power in Paris has informed the aston
lshed world that political wisdom will replace
tnose treaties which have long formed the basis
OF European international law. The traditions of
the first Napoleon have been resuscitated and Eu-
rope is not Ignorant of the Importance of the strug
gle which is about to Begin
The AUSTRIAN EMPERoR's ADDRESS TO HIS TRoops
= Vienna, April 30-On the 9th instant, his Ma
Jesty the Emperor despatched the subjoned address
to the forces forming the Second Army, which, as
you are aware, is under the command of the Field
zeugmeister Count Gyulai
"After fruitless attempts to secure peace for nv
empire, without compromising its dignity, l am
necessitated to have recourse to arms.
"With confidence confde the rights of Austria
to the best of hands-to the hands Of a tried
and gallant army.
"Yo our fidelity and bravery, your exemplary dis
clphne, the justice OF the cause which you defend
and glorious past guaranty to me your success
"Soldiers of the Second Army it is for YOU to
secure victory to the spotess flag of Austria Take
with you INTO battle the blessings of God and the
conscience OF your Emperor.
"FRAN0Is JOSEPH"