The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1859-05-09

settles at So 1000 bbs crude tarpentne to lonaon
g. 3D. spirits do at &c. Also, ueroe beef 70 Nverpoos
& and some cotton at 32d 1000 bSs roan 70 breuea
| at Is o., and 200 do to Rotterdam at a. o.
The True Nature or the Conflict In Europc-
Policy and Aims OF the A~strian Emperor
The contest that has just begun in Europe has
far deeper and wider range than the war in the
Crimea ssessed. That conflict had its own con-
nection with the great scheme in human affairs
which is gradually unrolling in the Old World |;
but that connection was In measure, an Nh
rect one. Now, the two parties who may be
termed the representatives of the warning sys-
tens of human government in Europe stand
face to face with each other.
These two leaders are Louis Napoleon and
Francis Joseph l., Emperor Of Austria. The
position and general aims of the first named are
well known. He is the incarnation of the Napo-
leonic ideas and system, which, springing from
the excuses of the French revolution at the
close Of the last century, endeavored to recon
struc. European society by the combination Of
sbsolutisr1 and democracy This complicated
policy Of the first Napoleon shook every throne
to it's foundations, and gave rise, On the
part Of the crowned heads, to those stern
resolves and mighty conflicts which marked
the beginning of the present century. AT
that time the contest in defence of
the aIistocratic prerogatives against the rights
of the masses was sustained by the obstnacy Of
George III. and guided by the genius Of the
younger Pitt. To-day the young Emperor of
Austria aspires to fill their place.
Francis Joseph was not the direct heir of the
late Austrian Emperor Ferdinand But the fact
that the Austrian government had been for
seventy years steadily sinking into beaurocratic
imbecility, and the fierce events of lS4s taught
the House of Hapsburg that intellect and not
imbecile legitimacy, must WELD its sceptre if it
would escape destruction Through the infu.
ence Of tie Archduchess Sophia, her son Francis
Joseph assembled the throne in 1s49 A daughter
of the House Of Bavaria, she had early incul-
Gated him with hatred of the Russian policy
in government and of the Protestant theories
in religion. No sooner was he well seated on
the throne than he installed those new princi.
pies in the policy of Austria that have go greatly
changed the internal condition of that empire,
and which prove the presence of mind DIES.
tined yet TO make its mark upon the affairs of
Europe.
Convinced that the sincere religious convic-
tons of people cannot be swaddled into being
a mere political machine, he abandoned the
long followed policy of Joseph the First, which
sought to make the Roman Catholic hierarchy
and clergy an imperial police cut off from
communication with Rome. a we'll arranged
concordat with the Papal See restored to the
twenty nine millions of Catholics in his empire
the ancient spirit which had impelled them to
shout I'VE will die for our King" when Maria
Theresa held forth her infant son to them and
at the same time deprived the spirit of sedition in
Hungary, Bohemia, Gallicia, Austria proper
Moravia and the Adriatic provinces of the power
ful support of religious discomfort. Readily
adopting some of the ideas Of the ultra reformers
be declared that the true question of the day
was, whether Europe should become CONNER
cial or anticommercial. AS early as 1858 the
old restrictions On commerce we're removed
Railroads were pushed across Hungary and
through I.Ombar5y and Venetia In 1867 the
annual exports Of the empire had increased one
half; and this material prosperity, with the gene
policy in domestic concerns form the strongest
guarantees for the steadfastness of the Austrian
people in the conflict which is at hand.
The foreign policy of Francis Joseph has been
as full of character as his domestic one. Deter
mined 10 throw Off the long continued vassal
IN ha mil int ar snt
neutrality during the war in the Crimea,
but, when the occasion was presented, be de-
MED to Russia that Austria Dyed her any
gratitude for her interference in Hungary
in 104S, for the assistance would not
have been volunteered but for The fears of
Nicholas that the revolution would extend to
Poland; and be reminded Russia that at the time
both himself and his mother opposed the In
PREVENTION. Before this, when but q boy of
eighteen years of age, be declared that the great
task of the present age will be the re-establish-
ment of the kingdom Of Poland, under the pro-
ection Of Germany, as the bulwark of Europe
against Cossackism. To-day he opposes the
Napo!eonic system in the full spirit which COM
bined Europe in the struggle against the first
Napoleon as its champion, and as the champion
Of Roman Catholic Christianity. He aims to
become the rallying point Of political and re-
hgious conservatism, as does Louis Napoleon
ofpoliticai and religious ameloration. Counting
upon the forty-fve millions Of Roman Catholics
in Austria and Germany as nucleus, he will
strive to rally to his side every conservative
principle in European society Whether the