The daily exchange. [volume] (Baltimore, Md.) 1858-1861, 1859-09-08

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The case of the State Richard Duff, indicted
for the larceny of twenty pounds of feathers, the
property of Thomas H. Hanson was tried and YER
for the defence
The Court adjourned at an early hour until to-
morrow morning.
The WONDERFUL THINGS MR. PHILLIPS CAN Do
"Mr. Phillips has, while in his boat and under
the water, by means of machinery working
through its side, sawed off timbers fourteen inches
square. He sink his boat from the surfa ce al
most instantly, either to few inches or feet from
the surface of the water, or to hundred or more
feet, and again rise quickly or very slowly to or
near the surface; go forward, back, or sideways
or come up bows first or otherwise, as may be re-
quired. He attach powder torpedoes to the
outside of his boat, on its deck or sides, and pro-
ceed under water out TO sea in any weather, to an
enemy's ship in sight, fix anchor the torpedoes
under the ships bottom, set in motion cock-work
to fire the torpedoes, simultaneously at intervals
and retire, still under water, out of danger from
the explosion, and out of reach of an enemY's guns
He can also convey powder torpedoes inside his
boat, Of 100 lbs. (or mOre) weight and when un-
der an enemys ship, pass them out of the side of
his boat through his patent hatch and fasten them
to ships bottom and fire them as above named. .
He can enter an enemy's harbor under water and
make surveys, only showing above the surface
light tube, no more than half inch in diameter
and retire still under water, and proceed outside to
and make his report to the commander of a
neet or snip. lie can gO out to meet hostile
feet go under their bottoms fix torpedoes to 90 off
by clock work, or bore holes in their bottoms and
come away unseen. With large boat he can car
ry II or "A FOUNDER (or larger) gun in the
forward end of his boat the top SO rugged that
he load in 100 feet deep OF water rise near to
the surface, sight the horizon for an enemy's shin
and if is in sight, take the course for her and
proceed towards her, even within a stones throw
rise quickly, near the surface as ONLY to show
the muzzle of the gun through The outside port
hole valve, aim at the ship near her water line fire.
then instantly sink to reload, and rise at another
point to fire again and repeat If required, with
large boat, he remain under water with several
men with him, and do service at sea- off or in har-
bOrs for several days without landing, or showing
inch of his boat above water. If the boat is re-
quired for pearl-ishing, he can work all dav on a
pearl bed, raking up and taking in pearls, and suf
ferlng no inconvenience from impure air; and as the
boat is provided with light for deep water he can
move about on the bottom like fish, and see pearls
where diver would not Ii the boat is required
to visit wrecks and remnve treasures goods is
so constructed that he saw, bore, or make fast
chains ropes to any point of a wreck, and if re-
CURED, one or more persons can, while under wa
ter, 60 out of the boat through the side matches,
enter a wreck do other service, and return in
side the boat again, without inconvenience
The following account of the pilgrims who came
over on the Mayfower is frcm the 'History of
New England" just published by Mr.. John C.
Palfrey:-
'lhc cOIOnlSts,-fnen, women, and children
who embarked on board the Mayhower
hundred and two in number. Concerninp
very few OF them is it known to this day from what
English homes they came Bradford and Brewster
alone are ascertained to have been members of the
ScrOOby congregation. During its residence in
Leyden, that company had received numerous ac-
cesSions of Englishmen, who had either passed
for the purpose of attaching themselves to it.
or who, being in Holland for other purposes, had
come within its attraction. WinsOw, who was
superior in condition to all most of his com
panions, is believed TO have become acquainted
with Robinson while on his travels in Holland;
and at twenty-five years of age he joined the
society, three years before the emigration The
'cautionary towns of the Netherlands had been
garrisoned by British regiments for thirty years.
and Miles S tandish had probably been employed on
this service. He was not member of the Levden
church, nor subsequently of that of Plymouth, but
appears to have been induced to join the emigrantS
by personal good will or by love of adventure while
to them his military knowledge and habits render
dered his companionship of great value. In deter
mining the question as to which portion of the
gregation should first emigrate, it was arranged
for 'the youngest and strongest part to gO.' The
! youngest and strongest wonld generally be those
who had Joined the society most recently, while
they who were excused from the first enterprise by
reason of their being advanced iu years would, on
the whole, be the same persons whose more ancient
relations to Robinson in England would be a rea-
for their desiring, and being allowed, to decline
a separation from him. The Leyden church had
received members of Dutch and French birth, and
among the company in the Mavfower, Mageson
was probably a Hollander. Warren, Hopkins
Ellington Dotey, and Lister appear to have Joined
the expedition in England. Martin came from
Billericay, in Essex from which county came sew
eral others, as also from London and other places,
to go with them. Alden was of Southampton
Amsterdam probably made some contribution to
the company. MANY of you,' wrote Robinson to
them while at Southampton, ARE strangers as to
the persons, to the infrmities, one of another,
and so stand in need of more watchfuIness this
way"
The CHEMISTRY OF NATURE.-The mountain
streams that make up the Schuylkill are strongly
impregnated with sulphuric acid, which kills all
the fish in the Schuylkill and its tributaries, for
more than 80 miles below the mines. The water is
clear, but has peculiar greepish blue tint, from
the coal region through the entire broad belt of the
Devonian formation. But as it enters the
great Silurian limestone, above Reading. and re-
ceives the waters of Maiden creek and other lime
stone tributaries there is sudden changed ap-
| pearance of the waters. Both streams are clear
and transparent above the junction, but below, the
united stream presents milky and clouded ap-
| pearance. Here nature performs of the
largest, grandest and most useful chemical expert
ments in the world. Here two streams of impure
water-one impure by the amount of lime held in
solution, and the other impure on account of the
quantity of sulphuric acid received from the mines
are made one, and purified by the chemical at
traction of the impurities of both. Here the lime,
| held in solution by the waters of Maiden creek
unites with the acid which impreguates the Schuyl-
kill, and forms gypsum; first coloring the water
! blueish white and then rendering it clean and
pure before it reaches Reading, by the sinking of
the gypsum to the bottom of the stream.
The Importance, in an economic point of view, of
| this great chemical action, which nature is con-
stantly performing, cannot be too highly estimated
Without the acid from the coal mines, to neutral
ize the lime, the city of Reading would be without
| pure soft water for domestic purposes for her
factories and for the engines which drive her fur
| naces. And without the limestone tributaries of
| the Schuylki to neutraZe the acid from the coal
| mines, Philadelphia would now be without pure
| water for household purposes, and without water
| fit to be used in the twelve hundred steam engines
that make her the greatest manufacturing city
in the Union.-Phitddelphio Gazette.
NAPOLEON AND HIS PoL1cY.-From recent letter
from friend sojourning in Paris we extract for
our readers the following passage on the policy of
| the Emperor Napoleon towards Italy:
| ga letter have just received from - seems to
claim the truth for prediction of his, that should
one day think less well of the Emperor. 1t was
written after learning of the peace of Villafranca
| when every body here seemed shocked, as was at
what looked like sudden desertion of Italy. My
observation Of public opinion is since, however, of
encouragement for Italy. Many a man, who, a
month ag5, was profoundly disappointed is now
| satisfied of new and wonderful instance of the
Emperor's forecast which could, as it were, COM
| pletely outwit the hopes of his young Austrian
| cOmpeer. He appears to have foreseen that what
| the treaty secured for Lombardy would work out a
|
without the frightful price of another Solferino-
| Perhaps hope too much in reason; but the hope
| is growing over the Continent that all that the
Emperor promised, and which he stopped suddenly
short in carrying out with his army, is about to be
surely effected through the force of circumstances
created by himself, and which he knew at Villa
franca might thenceforward be left to themselves.
The Providence Journal, September 2, has the
following item: "a gentleman, a native of Man
helm on the Rhine, and long resident in this city,
started for Europe few days since with the nten-
on of visiting his friends in the city of his birth.
| Previous to his departure he gave dinner to a
| number of his acquaintances in Providence
Among those present were the representatives of
seven distinct European nations. Seven languages
were fuently spoken and at least three of the gen.
| temen could converse readily in five of them
The vicissitudes of fortune had scattered them in
other lands, until the languages ofthe people among
whom their several lots were cast became familiar
spoken in any citv Of the country but so manv srs
not often found at the same festive board in the