New-York daily tribune. [volume] (New-York [N.Y.]) 1842-1866, 1859-11-05
FEDERATION IN DIPLOMACY.

Austrs, once the originator and leader OF many
lberticide CoDgesses, Austria now evades, pro-
tests, resists. This appeal to reason and not to
the sword, this recognition Of kind Of Areopagu,
70 settle and 10 watch over toe rights Of peoples
proves the King Of Sardinia 70 be confident mat
Congress will respect the right Of the feeble and
the oppressed, and will weigh them in just bal
anee against tie preientou, ella MS oi The powerful
the so-caed legitimate masters. Such An e9nl-
poue such guaranty Of the nights oil the small IN
their relations with the larger and stronger, consfi
tutes the prominent featoreoi political federation
Even six years ago such event could not have
taken rIace-at least not safely for the appellant
Ard yet il ia not q phenomenon unconnected with
be- past No event whatever, small or great, good
or bapeful, stands isolated in history All such ap-
parentIy unexpected phenomena are connected with
many iorcrunDers their progenitors, although such
connection may be seemingly imperceptibe. An
apparent dssimilarity, an apparent antaeonisn,
even, doe, not bear evidence against their inward
connection. How often among men children are
mentally and physically wholly unlike their parents
or ancestors
The pressure Of events, and their successive but
inevitable development, have brought forth 10 great
an advance in diplomacy, this mos' fixed conserva-
tive, and stlfnecked OF human institutions
chain Of connection exists between the diplomacy
OF the last forty years and the step now taken by
the King OF Sardinia.
The treaty OF Vienna, now lying in its last death
throes was intended by IFS trainers TO give to
Europe and the world public law Of unprecedented
durability and strength We need not analyze it.
EVERYBODY knows that that sapient diplomatic
document, baptized with the curses Of nations, was
pregnant with conflicts and xposons-con6icts
Of nat.onalitcs forced into unnatural matrlmony;
explosions OF principles overcome, but not crushed
or erodcated and the friction of continual ilfeeng
sngepdered in POwers, acting under the assumed
supremacy of others, their seli-cOnsttuted arbers
The first ofshoot Of the treaty of Vienna was the
Holy Alliance. It's religo-mystic, absoutst aim,
was nevertheless the product Of generous idea to
prevent bloodsbed and to settle peacefully the cur
rent conflicts Of Europe. Its faults We're not only
the ignoring of the everlasting rights Of the peoples
and the sprit OF the times. but the endeavor to sup
press both.
History shows repeatedly that political crimes,
and even vicious purposes, often give beneficial re-
suits in the long run. Such was the case with the
Holy Al It's trainers quite unawares, laid
down the germs of future diplomatic federation
for the security Of the rights and interests OF the
peoples
The performance Of the duties laid down in inter-
national sw-6rst among which is to be at peace
with oil the world, and especially with our neigh
bors--this performance has been enforced in he |
past only by moral power The Holy Alliance |
backed this principle by the force Of battalions.
II Was an arrogant assertion. 1t WIS |
q Capitalization of power. 1t was dog |
matte, Three making One. 1t could not sand in
its primitive conception and form. England was
invited TO join and although then anxious to do 90
was compelledto refuse accounted its ncompatl-
bilty with the principles of English politics.
Tie Tres IN Jnvm we're almost Immediately |
forced by events 10 relax in some way At the !,
Congress OF Aix-la-Chapelle Osls) England and
France entered the alliance. France was admit |
ted on suferance and in inferior position, while
England made reservations. Thenew combination |
a Pentarchy outside of the original Trinty-was |
intended TO constitute sort OF experimenting au-
thority over the international affairs of Europe.
Notwithstanding certain reservations made by |
England, this Pentarchy likewise was aimed against
changes Of internal governmental forms, and ives
:, ;, t for the absolute power and right of legit
n,aG,s The time for applying their new rule was
rot distant. Between 1890 and 1922, Spain and
Itol, were shaken b revolutions. Europe was in
ielmtnt. The Carbonari, and other secret 1ocic'
ties, everywhere excited powerful internal agita'
ton. The crowned conurors Of diplomacy met
successfully at Troppau, Laybach, and Verona.
Constitutional liberty was suppressed by steel, and
the thirst Of the peoples quenched in their own
blood England proclaimed the principle OF nom
Intervention and upheld il alone, allowing others
10 act and to intervene. Only when backed cour-
aseously by the United States, did England stand
frm TO Ter n-nteryenton doctrine IN relation to
81 ansh America. She was TO find there new
uaris ior her manufactured goods
Soon after, the Pentarchy, limpng all the while
held another Getting to sanction the birth OF the
Kingdom of Greece; France, England and Russia
acting more or less in concert, while Austria barked
and grumbed ON the side of Turkey, and Prussia
a. is her wont, remained eIpectant So events
forced the Pentarchs to shift individually from one
aide TO the other. The fundamental idea Of the
Holy Alliance received its first shock; the Tres IN
U~um was disjoned for the first time.
The law Of nations, like all other laws, changes
wth the current Of the times, and nothing produces
such rapid changes as abnormal international CON-
binatons The events Of ls30-3l instled new
sp;r,f into the diplomacy of Europe Two prnci-