The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1859-08-07
The Price OF Peace.


YORK herald
The Joy of triumph being a little Gained, the
first and most natural question to be investigated
Is whether peace is worth what it cost.
Three great and general results answer that
question. Peace will for the first time have
stuted under the federative form an Italian auto
nomy, assduously rsought in vainby France since
the days of Henry ".
Peace will have founded on our frontier of the
Alps beautiful and permanent Italian kingdom,
rich, well populated, having military experience
which owes its existence to French generosity, and
already allied to our Imperial house.
Finally, peace will have resolved in definite
and admirable manner, the difficult and delicate
question of the temporal power of the Papacy by
placing the Holy Father, considered as sovereign,
at the head and under the guarantee of the Italian
"'ssiS SIX fmfttHhtns ago sucn rvs,.,.s wv..a..-
looked upon as marvellous They are, however
the work of peace, and constitute its Fundamental
conditions.
The treaties of 1915, which have been made
our frontiers on all Sides SO as to
render an invasion easier to the Holy
Alliance. Austria already by the acquisition Of
Venice stronger in Italy than before 1883, has be
sides become the sovereign of the Peninsula through
private treaties If Piedmont had been reduced to
obedience, like the other Italian States Austria
would have bordered our frontiers of the Alps with
her dominion and her soldiers.
Such danger was so manifest that national
government could not allow it to pass without TAX
ing notice of it. The problem to be solved was,
pendent nation was to be organized between the
Cottian Alps and the Tyrol that is to say, Austria
was to be dspossessed and Italian nationality was
to be founded.
two months three fights and two battles Italy is
Free free to the Adratc, for if the Emperor of Aus
tria preserves Venice and its territory, he only
keeps it as Italian prince, submitted to the de-
alterations of the Italian Diet.
Thus the Austrian frontier, which was at the III.
cino is removed to the passes Of the Tyrol, and
France has full security on the side of the Alps,
where she has placed between her and Austria a
powerful Confederation which owes its existence to
her.
The importance to be given to Piedmont was
evidently to have in view both the convenience OF
the Italian Confederation and that of France.
The Emperor had justly said: "Italy is to change
her condition and not her master" She could only
be independent on the condition of being fedora
tive; and if Piedmont was to become an important,
even the most important member OF the Conede-
ration, that Power was not to become the absolute
ruler.
The addition of Lombardy to Piedmont makes
the Sandman States the richest and the most popu
lous of Italy. The States of Naples have only six
millions of inhabitants; with the addition of LON
hardy, Piedmont will have more than seven mil
lions AS to the richness Of Lombardy, it is far be-
yond that Of any other country.
The question OF the Duchies remain to be regu
lated. 1t is not said that Piedmont will not have
good share of them The advice of those popula
lions will certainly be taken, and the soyereigns
them SO well int they could not be dispensed with
Thus, when Italy bev;ome independent and con-
stituted kingdom of our froi,.ier OF the Alps, the
interest Of France became satisfied ana her pro-
gramme was fulfilled. Certainly, II Austria
had resisted the ItalianY Confederation it would
have become necessary TO chase her armies from
Venetia and TO take Venice; Blu. Italian lndepen,
dence once granted, the conquest OF We o.I.e s =,
Venice was no more an object, and was not ', WI u'
the blood of one Of our soldiers
nd adj and o1ra;s Ia "a
sense, the Emperor, therefore, stopped as soon as
the object of the war was attained.
Inc question Of the Papacy was by far the 49,.
delicate and difficult. 1t was necessary 70 most S
d shs papacy nov man Chareman himself had lad
% n fact Charlemagne Gid no more than give
tt he ropes the greatest portion of their actual
states 1t was now necesss-v to invest them, un.
der the federal guarantee of Italy, With political
and military power sufficient to maintain their com.
plete independence.
lous manner; and never has prince, without ex
ception done for the consolidation of Catholicism
the fourth part of what Napoleon III. has done.
Until now the Pope was an isolated sovereign.
defending himself. Now he forms part Of a fedora
ton of sovereign States, from which it is impossi-
BILE to separate him. and he is protected by the fe-
deral force.
Placed as sovereign at the head of that fede
ration, the Pope not only acquires quadruple
power-he associates yet to the maintenance OF his
political power all the Italian nationality, of which
he becomes the soul and the honor.
1t can be perceived and said: an ideal solution of
the questions implicated in the war Of Italy could
not have had more precision, more efficacy or
more measure. Arms have done more than imagi-
ton could have dreamed Of Never has blood been
shed in battle for greater or more precious results,
and never has captain and soldiers achieved
more durable or purer glory.
The Great Armisttces of History.
me most ceeoraied armistces recorded II modern
hisoIy aie ~ following