The daily exchange. [volume] (Baltimore, Md.) 1858-1861, 1859-05-03
EUROPE.
THE ITALIAN QUESTION IN PARLIAMENT

statements made by the Minister'S Lord
Malnesbury reviewed the positions of the principal
powers and observed that, although connected
with Austria by similarity of race and an ancient
alliance, the people of England were alienaed from
her by the policy which Austria had pursued in Italy,
1t is in private life most danoerons and ,nost nm
popular employment, that of a constable for the
preservation of peace in town or country Austria
had assumed that position in Italy. By keeping in
order people who could not be kept down by their
own rulers, she has incurred great deal of unne-
cessary unpopularity, and has weakened her own
strength in her own part of the country
In passing to Sardinia, he said that a strong feel
ing In her favor existed in this country by the as
stimulation of her institutions to our own and he
regretted that after her noble conduct in the late
war she should have far forgotten that military
glory ought not to be the sole object of a Govern
ment for it was from this cause that the present diff
tcuities have arisen.
lhere remains one other great empire which did
not look on with indifference. need not saw it is
France. My lords, it is difficult for an EnoIisbman
or for an English minister, to understand bv yvhot
process of reasoning, by what process of sound
policy, the ruler of that prosperous country has
oeeh nauced TO interfere with other countries inter
! nal affairs. Ofall countries in Europe France has
the finest and most equal climate, the finest and
most equal soil; she is capable of almost incaIcuIa
pie Improvement in wealth, and has ample room
| lor the development of her energies NV lords
the French policy has been to unite herself COM
pietely with the cause of Sardinia and she appear
ed determined to assert her right to interfere with
Wna! TOOK place In Italy, and to resist what she
considered the encroachments, moral and material
OF Austria in that country This was seen with
great regret by her faithful ally, Great Britain No
one has supposed us capable for moment of assist
ing Austrian legions against the subjects of her
| pre- such course would be utterly foreion To
our policy to interfere to assist any forepn nation
10 emanclpate Itself; we accept revolutions when
tney are Drought about and recognize de facto and
not ae J"re governments. 1t was therefore not
easy Tor US to understand the policy which France
seemed desrous to pursue in countries where she
had no direct interest.
Snpb wa tba
| FEBRUARY, at which period Lord Cowley was des
patched to Vienna Thoroughly conversant with
the views of the French government in regard to
the Italian Italian question, Lord Cowley had calmly and
| as 1rlend discussed the subject with Count Buol
III was matter for regret that Lord CowIev had
not been allowed then and there to mediate as there
"0uld nave been more chance of a successful re-
| suit than at present. -
| Lord Cowley, on his return from Paris found
that negotiations had beer going on between France
and Russia during his absence, the consequence If
which was proposal from Russia that Con-
gress of the five great Powers should be held
to which proposal Her Maesty's Government had
agreed, as they felt they should incur too heavy
responsibility, by refusing. On the 22d of March
ft Dafoh m brunow mad proposed to him the bases on
which the Congress should take place, to which he
! (Lord Malmesbury) added the stipulation that the
treaties of 1915 should be left undisturbed Totbese
stpulatlons the five Powers had agreed but subse-
| quently two collateral questions arose as to the
! composition of the Congress and the disarmament
! OF the POWERS antagOnistic to each other Much
discussion had taken place on these noints the lat
Ter OF which had he regretted to say not been set
! tleo 1t was the opinion, however, of Her Maestv's
! Government that disarmament was necessary nre
vlous to the assembling of the Congress The Con
gress was to consist of the five great Powers. but
as the questions to be considered affected the social
and political Importance of italy, he thouqht that
the different Italian nations should be represented
ana 1t had therefore been proposed that these ma
| tions should be invited to attend and admitted
| when the Congress wished to hear them
lie referred to the Congress of Iaybach and of
IS30, TO settle the dispute between Belgium and
Holland, as precedents and narrated the different
proposals and counter proposals on the question of
disarmament He regretted that he couId not Give
more satisfactory account of these negotiations,
and said:
"Your lordships must know that for our own
sakes as individuals, and for our sakes as a govern
ment, we must have been anxious to effect the ac-
complishment of the views we entertained; but
there's an object mach greater than the credit of
individuals or of governments and that object is
peace: And my lords, when You consider. if uns
happily war IS to take place, what that war NAV
De, you VIII, think, agree with me that the re-
sponsioiIlty OF those men who have abused or neg
lected the occasion to avert it. is great indeed
(Cheers). 1t will be no war between two chivaI
rous nations in distant lands. like that which we
waged in conjunction with France against Russia
IN IN the Crimea 1t may appease elements which
fear can scarcely be settled in our time twill
move persons who without the slightest patriot
ism will find, or think they can find in such
war the hope of promoting their own des-
perate OBJECTS. 1t will include every possible
theory-it will include republicans of every possi-
BILE hue and color, who tind or expect to find their
account IN such war. 1t will include exes: it
will include princes, all of whom will expect to find
their account in this 1t is mpOssible for anv
human being, whatever his experience NAV have
been, to predict where it will end, and when we
shall see the termination of it. | NAV then be per
mltted, as one OF the ministers of this country to
ask those ministers and those courts who are more
Immediately concerned, to think once more how Sc
rious Is the responsibility which devoves upon
them, and how dreadful the calamities which NAV
be produced by any negligence hastiness on their
partY The only consolation we can have personal
ly, the only consolation that her Maiesty's GOV
ernment can have, is that we have not omitted
single effort to avert those disasters-( cheers
that ii they occur, it is by the will of God; and
may Almighty God direct the ssue CHEERS
Lord Clarendon wished that Lord Mamesburv
could have made more satisfactory statement
previous to the dissolution of Parliament, in order
to allay public anxiety. Assuming, he said, that
the various governments were sincere, and not
pursuing policy they were ashamed to avow, it
was hard to conceive how matters had arrived at
their present state. They had all declared their
intention of not attacking each other, England and
Prussia had done their best to mediate but still
armaments were going on among them In France
everything denoted campaign; Sardinia was drain
ing her resources to support her army and the war
spirit OF Germany could be hardly repressed; and
yet, although they all clamorous for Con-
gress, they could not agree on the conditions on
winch that Congress was to meet.
Now; think that Austria should not have made
demand on Piedmont to dsarm alone-and think
that demand should not have received either sup
port or encouragement. Austria has rendered her
sell thereby obnoxious to the charge of proposing
that which she knew would not be agreed to, and
therefore of interposing nsurmountable obstacle
10 an immediate accommodation; and in the enthu-
slastlc state of feeling existing in Piedmont no mat
ter how raised, whether by ustifable means or
otherwise she could not have dsarmed. 1t would
/ have cost the King of Sardinia his crown had he
attempted a disarmament
Passing the Olsen hat had takap rIooa os
to general disarmament, he thought that matters
had gone too far, for none of the parties would now
trust each other. If, however, there existed real
desire for peace, the whole business might be con-
cluded by Congress in fortnight At present it
was hard to know what Congress was wanted for
III 1t were to alter the territories of Austria in italy,
Austria would not recognize the power of the Con
gress OF 1853 to abrogate the settlements of the
Congress OF 1915. If it were that Austria was to
abandon the Papal territory, Austria was ready to
do so if France would abandon Rome. He agreed
with Lord Malmesbury that Lord Cowlev might
have finished this business satisfactorily at Vienna
if he had had the power. In fact, when Lord Cow
ley returned to Paris he had in his hands all the ma
terials for bringing the question to satisfactory
issue.
All we know at present is, and, all in fact, that
can be known, is, that one despotic Power has
proposed to another despotic Power that by means
of a Congress third despotic Power should nave
the way for the establishment of liberal nstitu-
tions in Italy. (Cheers and laughter) l doubt
very much whether there is sufficient sincerity in
lIe o"SiS CoHCeIHeu 10 carry tnlS arrangement
to successful issue. five we are parties to- or in
any way sanction, violation of those treaties bv
which the Austrian possessions in italy are secu-
red, we may rely upon it that the process will not
step there hear, hear and that we shall soon have
to consider other and more important territorial
arrangements.
He could not conceive what was the necessity
| for war. War could not ette the Italian cues
ton; for, supposing that Austria was driven ont
and Lombardy annexed to Piedmont, the peo-
pie OF Milan and Venice would never agree with
those of Sardinia but would be more discontented
than they even were now. He believed that great
dissentions would ensue. and that the regiment of
Piedmont would be nothing more than the advan-
ced guard and pioneers of France. Whatever
prince may rule over Italy the consequence of a
victorious French army, the presence of French
army would be required for his support | believe
the position of France would be more untenable
than that of Austria now, and that a greater mis-
take was never made than to suppose at the Eb
erty of Italy would be secured BY the presence of
a French army.
Lord Derby thanked Lord Clarendo and Parlia-
ment for not embarrassing GovernT ut in the pre-
sent condition of affairs the best chance of main
tanning peace that it should be we'll understood
by Europe that differences existed on that point
in the English Parliament. There could be no
doubt, after the stipulation added by the Foreign
Secretary to the four points of Baron Brunow of
the intention of this country, and of the four great
Powers who had consented to that stipulation to
maintain the treaties of 1915. The course taken by
the Ministry had been one calculated to prevent
war in Europe, but he could not help concurrinp
that there might have been a greater chance IF |