The weekly hawk-eye. [volume] (Burlington, Iowa) 1858-1860, 1859-02-01
n NM Nteeeoe


largely ard sheaply psodessd. there viii BE-
4 constant surpluo II pe0daeeioa for export
Taxes will Be direct, and the import from
cher countries confined 70 articles Of luxury
and euch NV materials Of manufacture %
cannot be produced ct home
Al present Ne have France and England.
Cor industrial rivals and competitors, occupy
inx toward them. in some respect, . provin-
cal and dependent position, but We are
gradually emancipating ourselves. and we
have reasons 70 hope thst the next quarter
al 4 century will establish our industrial on
q firm . basis ~ our political independ-
once.
Under the peaceful names Of trade and
competition, nations, like individuals, carry
on . ceaseless war one against another. The
producer wars upon the consumer, while he
supplies his wants, wishing to keep him al
ways in . dependent condition, cutting of
his connections with other producers. and
seizing every opportunity Of extortion. The
rivalry Of avarice appears not to be less in
human in its excesses than the rivalry OF
ambition, and there is nothing so agreeable
70 producass, - the prospect OF famine IN
foreign parts.
Commerce-a war in which money is the
artillery--has been conducted through the
two told agency Of diplomacy and competi'
tion-diplomacy with governments, compe
tition with individuals
A. 4 general fact Of history, we find the
diplomacy Of every powerful commercial
nation engaged in the destruction Of foreign,
and the defence Of home manufactures.
But the diplomacy that prepares the way
for commercial monopolies, and wars upon
the weaker industries Of feeble or badly or
ganixed states, must be supported like that
Of soverigns, by the wealth, arms and
influence Of powerful governments. Com
mercial diplomacy, is coeval with the exist
ence of all commercial empires Egypt,
Tyre. Sidon, Carthage, Greece, Rome, Ven
ice, Florence, Genoa, Narcotics, Spain, Por.
tugal, Holland, the cities Of the Rhine and
Eide, England. the United States, and OF
late years Berlin, st. Petersburg, and even
Vienna, have been radiating centers Of COM
mercial diplomacy; having for object the
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT OF home industry at the ex-
penss Of foreign The great nations are
willing that the lesser should occupy them
selves in the production Of the raw mate
rial Of manufacture; the working up Of this
material to give it value, they reserve for
themselves Wealth increases in a nation
in proportion to the amount of intellect APP
piled to labor. 1t is a law almost of uni
versal application, that the first producer
must be poor, the raw material whether 1t
be wool or wisdom, iron or invention. poetry
or potatoes. rarely enrichee the original pro-
ducer; and though q volume OF rich poems,
or mine Of steel ore. may be each OF them
source of wealth, the profits not reaped
the maker Of the poems.
TIE ~:oh>.H ho1r &C man in Tho vvnpl6 II,
proportion to their numbers, is perhaps the
'lron men, of England. They give to the
rude ORE worthless at fret, a value and a
currency which in some forms make it equal
or superior to the precious metals. All the
poems of Lord Byron did not bring him, in
his life time, us much money as some iron
makers of England have realized in q
week
Napoleon was the first to discover in the
commercial diplomacy Of England, supported
by her naval armaments, a power more for
midable than any other in Europe. Even
in his day, England had all nations under
contribution, and began to consider herself
as the sole industrial intellect Of the world.
She knew how TO confer the highest value
upon the meanest products of the earth to
convert the grim and rust OF boys into steel
needles and sabres, and wished to have the
exclusive right and power to do this fot all
mankind.
Intellect applied first to labor and then to
the creation of foreign markets by CONNER
eial diplomacy supported by naval arma-
ments,-these causes have made small
island sovereign over continents. Power
does not follow money; on the contrary, it
whips money into its seryice-makes gold
and silver the slaves and running messengers
OF mind The intelligence of England Gre
ates her wealth.
The intelligence Of the United States Gre
ates, also, whatever wealth it may possess;
but we are still in the first stages of CONNER
ciai diplomacy. and have not yet secured for
ourselves the free trade Of nations, or even
fifth part of the worlds market; nor will
this market he ours until we are able to sup
ply 1t with the finest and cheapest products
Of intellectual industry-of mind applied to
labor to art aud TO commercial diplomacy -
Ofeighty Eight railroad companies in the
State Of New York only fourteen pay diyi-
dends the rail and its fixtures are one
third of the value, and the rail is English
] he rail Id represented by bonds, the other
parts of the road chiefly by stock The
stock is American, the bonds are English.
Bonds and mortgages, notes and interest
ceeds OF our roads 90 to pay the iron men OF
England but these men are not the builders
OF our roads they merely stipulate Ameri-
lean stockholders by large offers Of credit
for rails the stockholders build the roads,
the creditors of the rail reap the income 1t
is clear, then, that we, as nation, are still
ignorant Of commercial diplomacy, and have
allowed England to create for herself, by
mortgages upon our railroads, an income of
Eve, six, or even eight per cent upon $780,
OOU,OUO in iron bonds, which, sooner or la
ter. she is sure to have paid as her com
mercial diplomacy extends not merely to the
creation Of debt against US, but truly also
to the securing Of the interest on that debt
The rail is the road The bond given to
secure it is bond for the first profit Of the
road all else is surplus. But the bond
continues after the first rail has persisted
and secures the laying Of second English
rail- iu place OF the one so quickly worn out,
being only the refuse of the British iron mill,
and therefore just tit for the uses Of people
"a yet ignorant Of commercial diplomacy
By taking oil the duty on railroad iron in
1859, our Government will raise the price
Of refuse understandable" rails in England
IS on the ton. The duty will be r~moved,
il ct all, under pretext Of Relieving the SUI.
fering stockholders Of the United states; the
argument will be that the removal of the duty
will cheaper the rail; We are curious to az
certain the fact We are not positive about
il; but we have unbounded confidence in
English commercial diplomacy. We know
that England only cheapens her rail in or
der to undersell American Manufactured
This great enterprise of tho iron masters
Of England, making the Americans support
British reils upon their naked shoulders.
while an English bond agent collects the tolls
does not reflect disereadit upon the iron men
Of England, but rather entities them to our
admiration. A sharp and successful man Of
business must have credit both for his talents
and tor his success, which 10 fruit Of these
talents. Indeed the feat is worthy of our
own imitation Let US see then by what line
oflabor and policy it has been accomplished.
In semi barbarous times when commerce
was in its infancy, great privileges, called
monopolies, were extended to wealthy per-
sons who wished to engage in manufacture
al rssvht