The daily exchange. [volume] (Baltimore, Md.) 1858-1861, 1859-07-29

development of modern society There is however an
essential point which must be sight deal
ing with the Poncal government the fact that the sove
regny of the Church the sovereignty of the Roman
nation are held and exercised by the hand They
De reconclled without being confounded. But the
trely clerical character of the Roman government is an
absurdty; cause of discomfort, and consequently
source OF to the Pope and permanent danger
Of revolution"
The Edinburgh Reoieo for April, which copies
the above extract, sums up, from the PAM
phlet the two other points of difficulty as follows
The second difficulty is that the Pope in his spiritual
character cannot support the policy he would be bound
as an Italian prince to follow and the third difficulty is
that of creating an efficient native Italian army"
Like Lord DERBY, the writer of the pamphlet
hnds IN the Romagna the hot bed of instruction
in Italy, and while believing the expulsion of the
Austrlans to be essential to the carrying out of
any measures of reform that might subsequently
be proposed, regards the INSTRUMENTATION of the
Papal States, as more provocative to instruction
than even the despotism of the Austrians in the
adjoining principalities. 1t is true that the in
fuence of Austria at the Papal Court is para
mount and that she resolutely opposes the sepa-
ration of the temporal from the spiritual government
but even if Austria were silenced Or expelled the
difficulty would still remain to be overcome The
POPE might not consent to surrender any portion
of his prerogative, and to attempt to coerce him to
do So would be to arouse feeling of intense in
dignaton throughout Catholic Europe The con-
currence of Austria, as of the two great Cath
Ole Powers, was, therefore, matter of the utmost
consequence, if the PopE were called upon to &C
quiesce in the innovations demanded of him. But
Austria in the pride of her strength, not being at
all disposed to second the propositions made by
France, for the purpose of bringing about radical
change in some departments of the Papal Govern
ment, her humiliation resolved upon. 1t was
here that Piedmont, whose constitutional mon
archy was in constant peril from the pressure ex-
erted upon it by her powerful and despotic neigh
Dor was an important auxiliary. In the language
of the writer of the Pamphlet
The Italian idea has been since 1s47 the motive and
the of every act of the policy of Piedmont This
idea produced all that it could have produced under
the circumstances military achievements preparations for
OF and she against
sfy the hopes she has created forfeit all influence in
Italy, and find herself ovepowered by the passions which
her own popularity still retains"
All this is now foregone conclusion; but the
union of France and Piedmont was the means
adopted to attain the ends proposed, and those
ends do not stop short at the expulsion of Austria
from Lombardy, and the abrogaton of the Aus
TRAN treaties with the independent Italian Duches
1t is the correction of the abuses that have long
dsgraced the Papal States that is now aimed at and
the regeneration of the Italian States by means of
the Italians themselves. The manner in which the
writer proposes to accomplish this result is by the
formation of general Italian Confederation SINH
lar in many respects, to the old Confederation of
the Rhine. The passage in which this proposition
is discussed in the pamphlet is said by the English
Reviewer to defy translation, but we have endeav-
ored to giveas close rendering as it will admit
of.
To-day as has been the the past eleven years
we can conceive ofnon1 better than Italian league of
which the centre should be at Rome and Of which the
Pope should be the President The prestige of Rome above
the cities of the peninsula is consecraed by time
by her ancient glory, and by the admiration and the
pety of the people. The prestige of the Pope results
from his title of Pon He represents the eternal
eighty of God and that august character permits the
greatest Kings to bow themselves before him He is
not master; he is a father"
Now, whether an Italian Confederacy, with the
PORE as honorary President, be actually the first
step in separating the temporal from the spiritual
sovereignty in the Romagna; or whether it will
result in complications still more difficult to I'M
ravel, time alone can determine. 1t is, neverthe-
ess remarkable how closely NAPOLEON Ill has
ollowed the programme laid down for him by the
oampheteer; and it is not little curious that
his programme should have been before the world
or five months, and should have attracted compar-
ltively so little interest among those who specu-
ated most deeply upon the final result Of the
var.