, 1859-05-26

those who sympathise with Italy rca:on Tor
the belief that the Austrian. will be driven
over the Eastern Alps, at the point Of tic |
bayonet, before the war has RACED year. |
TIE ITALIAN QUESTION.
The attentive observer will see marked |
difference between tie conmotion now excited
in Italy, aud that which overturned thrones |
and Kingdoms in ls4s. In that latter ycar.
the aspirations Of the people were bouadc':
only BY Republican institutions for which
neither their habits Of sel.coulrol nor tn:r
education fitted them. They attempted to
possess themselves ut once Of form Of gov
ornment which is adapted only to those WHO
have had long aud careful training in the
rights aud duties Of subjects and citizens.
They entered tho lists in opposition to their
ancient rulers, endowed with the physical at
1ibutes Of men, with undoubtcd devotion and
courage, ready to brave or suffer death for tie
cause; but with nothing more than the polisi-
cal education Of children Emancipated by
single blow firm the despotism beneath which
their lives had been spent-released in day
from the ecclesiastical tyranny under Which
they had groaned-it is not surprising fiat
they were bewildered, confused, paralysed, by
the results at which they arriyed-that they
should struggle. after little, with misplaced
courage aud misdirected energy, ag;.iust the
difficulties Of their new situation-that thy
early distrustcd each othcr--that they werr
tom and divided by discordant councils, or that
at last they were borne down by the dcsp'-
tisms which they had lately ovcrthTown. Il
is as true Of men Us OF children, that they ml,s1
creep before they can walk-truc, that uone,
emerging from profound darkness, can bear
the light Of n bright noon-day suu-that ti'e
wretch guawed by slow starvation, coming
into abundance, must temper his diet to suit
his physical strength 1n the organization of
the new governments in that revo!utionar:
era, these obvious truths-applicahlc alike l..
physical and political situations-wcre over
looked. Rome, Naples, Tuscany, Parma, Mo-
dena, L,nbardy and Venice felt the divine i'm
pulse with which the nations were stirred:
but obeyed not wisely its teachings. When
they slccumbcd Republicauism fell into dis
credit, and Ahsolutism grew ten times mnrr
suspicious. fearful and bloody than ever before
Sardinia WIS the only one Of the italian
STATES that was prodted by the events Of the
disastrous period But that her existence Was
guaranteed by treaties that Austria dared not
wholly disregard, her monarchy would hare
bcuu cxtinguished, and her territory wo.,}s
have made the sixteenth province Of the En-
pire ovcr which Francis Joseph holds sw:,y.
Fortunately for the cause Of civilization and
national liberty, she las since been true to be
professions which she made as tue basis Of ~:
united Italy; and to-day her extraordinary
prosperity, and her immense influence over the
italian mind, are her reward. In the upl'c:lr-
ing which her remoustranees against the csi-
1inuance Of Austrian domination in tue neigh
boring States have caused, she ia uppcrnlest-
To her King wise aud discreet monarch; to
]ler Constitution, which is immcasurably i'll :u-
vance Of the musty political traditions by
which Austria is governed; to her policy,
which looks to an union Of Italy in the accom-
plishment Of holy purpose-the ridding Of
Italian soil Of all traces Of a foreign master
eli eyes are now turned; and in the rcvolu-
ton1ry movements which have been accom-.
plished, the purpose Of the actors is no longer
the establishment Of Republics which they
have not the power to sustain in face Of The
standing armies By which Europe is overrun
but constitutional monarcaies, under which
the greatest possible liberty, consistent with
the safety Of an uneducated, impuisive, and
passionate people, new in the discharge o.
civil duties, aud uoacquainted with the enjoy.
mcnt Of civil rights, will be maintained Tll4
sallyiug-cry Of the masses again awakening
10 a sense ot their wrongs, is not vel
come to the ears Of the old revol 'tionary chiefs
It elicits no response from theor es evolved il
the closet, Or from that sense Of injury wlici
Is satisfied ouly BY signal, sweeping and bloody
revenge. But ten years Of suffering and dc
gradatiou have taught the Italians lesso'
which they are now reducing to practice
hence, When tile Grand Duke Of Tuscan y-at
amiable despot--is forced to say, the guve' n
ment SET up, Professionally, is that Of Vic.o
Emmanuel When the Duchess Of Parma i
Q c,npelled by the roarings of tho disadect.,
soldery to initiate the Tuscan example, the rul
Of the King Of Sardinia is still further extended
The populace indulge in no sangulnary demon
strations. They are content in convincing tl
world by their moderation that they desesv
that exemption from Austrian oppression 10
which they hare arisen--shat rational, const
tutional liberty which they hope to enjoy.
The most ardent Republican in this country
where the difficulties iu the working Of inst
tutons based on tue doctrine Of complot
eq aalty are understood, can but be gratide
by tie progress Of events in connection wit
the war d nationa,ihes now happily COZ
menoed. Many will bs disappointed that R.
pubiicanism Of tho French pattern is not til
ain; but names arc nothing, The rescue
the italian people from long continued Al
disg1aoe{ul tlraldom, the restoration Of the
national life, their endowment with the rigIt'
Of men, the overthrow Of the temporal powt
''~ Of the Romish Church--these are objects TO t
struggled for If they are attained, and justi<
and right are advanced, Republcanism is onl
question Of time. The tres must be planse
r ia.