The penny press. [volume] (Cincinnati [Ohio]) 1859-1860, 1859-09-28
The Celestials and the "Barbarians.r

The Celestials and the "Barbarians."
Our readers want to know some particulars
of the difficulty between the Bsrbarians and
the Celestials. We can only say that England,
up to 1888, through her East India Company,
had monopoly of the trade with China,
which was mostly confined to the single
port of Canton. The American missionary,
it seems. was always highly favored person
age among the Colestials, while John Bull,
with his bluster and enforced opium smuggling,
has, from the very first, been Stunned and
dreaded by John Chinaman. As early as 1893,
the persistency with which the poppy-pcison
WAS enforced upon the Chinese caused even
the embassy of Lord AMHERST to be refused
sdmittance to the imperial presence. Year af.
Ter year the exasperated Cslestials, in some
form or other, have rebeled against the hated
yorJarians, or foreigners; the Americans, how.
ever, being moro highly favored.
THE NANKIN TREATY.
On the Goth of August, lS42, treaty Of
cacs was signed before Nankin, on board Of
theCormcaHis, by Sir HENRY PoTTINGER on the
part Of Great Britain, and by KE-YING, ELEpoo
aud NIU-KIEN on the part of the Emperor of
China. The most important provisions of the
treaty were, lasting peace and friendship be-
tween the empires; China to pay twenty-one
millions of dollars during that and the three
succeeding years; the ports Of Canton, Annoy,
Foo-Chou, Ning-po and Shanghai to be thrown
open to foreign trade; Consular officers to be
appointed by foreign powers to reside at these
places; regular and just tariff Of import and ex
port, and inland transit dues, to be established
and published; the island of Hong Kong to
he ceded in perpetuity to Her Britannia Maj
esty, her heirs and successors; and correspond
encc to be conducted on terms of perfect equal
ity between the officers of both governments.
Hong Kong is small island, about nine
miles in length by eight in breadth, about five
miles from the coast, opposite the mouth Of
Canton River.
CHINA TREATS WITH FRANCE AND AMERICA.
France and the United States of America
soon sent ambassadors Extraordinary to the
court Of Pekin, but neither of them went fur
ther than Canton. KE-YIYG having been re-
pointed Commissioner for the purpose, treaty
was signed between China and the United
States, embodying all the important stipula-
tions Of the treaties and commercial regulations
agreed to with England, and providing further
for tho erection Of hospitals, chapels and ceme-
eries at the FIVE ports; for permission to ships
of war to visit any part Of the coasts of China,
and for the extension Of these privileges tc
all nations. The liberal spirit manifested
tending similar privileges to other nations-il
not evidence of the exclusiveness imputed t
the Americans by the London Times. THE
French ambassador concluded a treaty a
Whampoa on the basis Of that of the United
States.
After the Crimean war, England determined
IN more vigorous proceedings toward China
On the Sth Of October, 1856, a Chinese Junk
amuggling opium, under the British flag, wa.
seized upon by the imperial authorities. ID.
miral SEYMOUR thereupon proceeded to bonn.
bard Canton, and in three days destroyed tn,
government buildings. France Immediately
took sides with her ally.
CHINA HATES ENGLAND
The real feeling Of John Chinaman towart
John Bull is expressed in one of the Chimes
official notices: "Honor, happiness and re
wards will be the lot of him who kills a,
Englishman." The hate entertained anon,
the people is SO great that when fort wa
taken, the soldiers drowned themselves, rathe
than be taken. '-'
On December 4, 1856, all the dwellings an
store-houses of Europeans at Canton wer
burnt by Chinese mob, and many English
men fell victims to The hatred of the popu
lace. In July, 1857, Lord ELGIN having al
rived, Canton was declared to be in a state {
siege. On the 18th Of September the CHI
ncsc Government declared war against En-
HIHuU. Ou 4NONcInucI nlr. NEED Unc Amcl
lean Minister, arrived at Hong Kong, an
his reception, and that of the Russian Mir
istor, and their mutual conferences, intimt
ted friendly relation to the Chinese author
tiles, while an aggressive one was sustained b
England and France. On the 18th of d,
eember the allies sent to the Governor Ge,
cral their ultimatum.
CANTON TAKEN-GovERSoR YEH SENT TO CA
.U CUTTA.
The city, on the 2sth December, was bon
barded.. On January, 1858, the forts we
destroyed, and the captive, Governor YE
was afterward sent to Calcutta. Harrass,
by the conquered populace about Canton, Il
allies resolved to carry the war to the ve
gates Of Pekin.
The feet sailed from Shanghai, and on t
2osh of May the forts ct the mouth of t
Ee;ho were stormed and taken. The victc
prersed their advantage, and passed up t
rsvsx TO Tient-sing, ninety miles distantfrc
EsafA. ,.....
"a THE PEACE OF rrENT-sING.
The Emperor yielded to this threaten
Increment, and o. treaty was at once sjrne