The Nevada Democrat., 1859-06-15

i've millions, occupies such q position in Europe
that were II united under Que authority or
leagued IN one interest, It must carry With il
the command of the Mediterranean, and bal
ance in the South the power of Germany In the
North. Were the Italian States tree aud inde-
pendent, no power could successfully undertake
to arrogate to itself the dominion OF Southern
Europe. We're the Italian States subject to
any Que of the great Powers, that Power might
undertake the accomplishment of the dream of
universal European dominion, at least as safe
ly as France in the time of Napoleon |, or Spain
in The days of Charles " t.-ef
| When exhausted Europe fell back in 1915
from its victory over Napoleon, upon the re-
construction of "principalities and powers, it
was felt TO be imperatively necessary not only
that Italy should be put beyond the reach Of
any of the parties to the Holy Alliance, but al
so that she should be prevented from aspiring
to any unity of her own No ruler could trust
his brother.ruler with what Richlieu called the
key of the World," aud all the rulers were
resolved that the Italian people should not hold
IL. 1t was therefore, divided as follows. To
Tue restored King Of Naples was given his old
realm, the Italian Inheritance of the Spanish
Bonrbons. Upon an area nearly equal TO that
OF New York, this sovereign was to rule over
the ten millions of subjects and the whole south
ern region of the Peninsula. To the Pope was
coniided an area equal to that of MARYLAND
In the centre of Italy, and stretching from sea
TO sea- An Austrian prince of the young
| branch of the House Of Hapsburg held Tuscany
with two millions OF people aud fertile re-
gion on the west, fully as large as Massachu.
setts, locked in upon its northeastern borders
by the smaller States of Parma aud Modena, al.
so ruled by princes of Austrian extraction and
alliance, and with combined population of
about million souls. Northern Italy was
| finally Divided hv TIM rivpr Hi.ipO nd I aL.
Maggiore between the Houses of Savoy and
| Hapsbnrg, the former as Kings of Sardinia,
possessing dominion to the west about as
large as South Carolina, with population
twice as large as that of New York the latter
as Kings of Lombardo- Yenetia, holding re.
gion twice as large as Maine, with a population
of about five millions. In these arrangements
it pleased the Congress Of Vienna to see sure
guarantee of the impotence of Italy TO menace
the peace of the world
But the House of Hapsburg had not forgot.
ten its ancient motto aud was determined not
only to retain Lombardy, which had descended
| to it from the Inheritance of Charles ", and
Venice, which bad fallen into its hands in the
chances of the last Napoleono war, but also TO
use Northern Italy as its lever for making all
| the Peninsula its own. 1t lost no time in be.
ginning operations it has never ceased TO pros
ecute them. The most formidable engines of
Austrian influence have been the systematic at.
tempts of the Italian sovereigns TO crush their
people back into the recognition of "Divine
Right" and to kill the hydras of liberty and
law" throughout their States The ink was
hardly dry on the Conventions of Paris, when
in July IL, 1915, Austria signed secret
treaty" with Naples binding the King or fNapl
to "rule his dominions in accordance with the
views of the Austrian Government" Five
years later, in 1920, Naples forced her King to
grant her Constitution. Austria then ap-
pealed to this secret treaty, and by virtue oft
marched an army into "indcpendenW Naples,
suppressed the Constitution, and established
that Austrian tuelage which has endured, with
the brief interval of a few months in 1918, up
to this time In 1921. Sardinia demanded
Constitution. Into Sardinia, likewise, Austria
marched acihom secret treaty, aud restored
despotism there also. An outbreak at Bologna
brought Austria into the Pupal States one or
another point of which she has never since ceas-
ed to occupy. The Grand Duke of Tuscany is
strictly Austrian by family, and has therefore
been left comparatively uncomplimented by the
armed presence of his kinsmeD. With Parma
aud Modena, in l847, Austria concluded treat
les allowing her to take armed possession Of
these States whenever military prudence"
should require It. Within the last forty years
therefore, Austria, from ruling five millions Of
Italians in one corner of the Peninsula. has ad-
vanced to practical control over the whole
Peninsula, with the single exception of Sardi
mia, In which State liberty has established itself
and has held its own with Incompatible spirit
aud good sense.
On formal grounds, then. Napoleon III has
clearly been right as European sovereign u
protesting against the steady infractlons Of the
balance of power in Italy of which Austria has
been guilty. In these protests he has simply
echoed the less-determined language held from
time to time by his predecessor Louis Philippe,
and by the English Government. His right to
protect Sardinia from any invasion of Austria
is demonstrable on these overt grounds alone.
AS French sovereign, Napoleon, however,
has other and even stronger reasons for his
present action. not the less respectable that
they need not be automatically put forward
The course of Austria in Italy. while 1t threat
ems all the powers concerned in the freedom of
the Mediterranean bears directly upon the fu-
tnre welfare Of France. France has nothing TO
fear from Italy. If the Italian States defined by
the treaties of Vienna be really independent.
From Italy, as a ief Of Austria, France has ev-
erythiny to fear and the French monarch
would be recreant to bis trust who could suffer
the process begun in 1915 with Naples TO be
consummated with Sardinia in 1859. Should
Austria, ia the war which she now inoites, be !
wholly driven beyond the Alps. il is idle 10 sup.
pose that Italy would be transferred to the do
minon Of France. The same reasons which
forbid Italy to be Austrian, forbid her to be
French. and Napoleon III, is not the man 10
throw himself madly against the combined feel
ing of Europe. 1t would be rash indeed now to
speculate uDon the consequences Of such a strife
az impends In Europe but we may feel more
than confident that the result of thorough hu
initiation Of Austria in Italy must be the in
auguration of such a career of independence
and nationality for the rest Of Italy as has
been so gloriously begun by the gallant peo |
pie of Sardinia and Piedmont
THE Washington States having asked Col.
Forney whether be and his friends in Pennsyl-