The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1859-05-28

that could mot bc done and that there was nothing left
hut TO extermnate the natives and TO conse the country
nom Epgland. Henry, however, bad a. be was, did
not proceed 10 extrea itics and though In his reign
religious persecution ragged in England Il was not known
in Ireland It was Queen Elizabeth, his daughter, who
first commenced the reign Of terror In the latter country
and her fitting instruments were Aountoy and Crew who
waged Of determination. The native chief who resist
ed most snectuay Hugh ONe known as the Earl OF
Tyrone In several fights he successful against the
English troops but he and the other Irish leaders were
defeated after many years Of bloody and Ireland
was "paced" for time; it made DESERT and they
called peace The cultivated land conscated and
given 10 the English adventurous, and the Irish who
were not killed driven back To the mountains and
the woods. But rebellion again broke out in the next
century, in the reign OF Charles l. Roger OMoore Lord
Mcguire Sir Phelm 0Nell and other distinguished men
taking part In IT, Owen Roc O'Nei was the princpa
Irish chieftain in this war, and he was taken of by
treacherous poison. The Popes Nuncio, Rnuccni, ap
peared upon the stage and stirred up the natives
10 resistance of Protestant England. Fierce war
aged and success seemed doubtful, till OH.
yer Cromwell who was very able general,
settled the business not only in battle but by the most
atrocous Of women and children in cold blood
The wachword Of his army was, To he'll or Connaught'
that is the Irish be into the other world
be driven back to tho western wds of COnnaught Yet
the Catholic religion not tx!erminated, and it was
necessary for another ruler OF England William Ill, to
accomplish the final subsection Of tue Island Penal laws
against the Catholics enacted in his reign and in the
succeeding reigns deprviDg them OF all the rights Of
citizenship. They not permitted to educate their
children and hoy could not hold property II Catholic had
horse worth thousand dollars, Protestant could take
1t from him by paying him twenty five dollars The
price placed the head of priest as on that OF wolf
rt.~
drawers Of water Ambitious Protestants who wished 10
be political leaders, used the Catholic grievances for their
own purposes and England was compelled trucke
them Towards the close Of the American War Of Inde
pendence when France joined the Colonies and Britain
feared French invasion Of Ireland she reluc any
forced to submit to the proposal Of the Irish TO establish
q military organization to defend themselves. Soon
$4,000 volunteers were in arms at the expense Of the
vorpment When the over, they refused 10 lay
down their till England acknowledged the ndepen.
dence Of the Irish Parliament England had alterna-
tive but to yield, and the demand granted. But
orly Protestants could sit in this Parliament Catholics
possessed rights privileges than il they
negroes In lSC0 eighteen years alter the indepen
dence Of the Irish Parliament was granted, It's corrupt
members bribed by Pitt with British gold and Eng
lsh titles vote the Irish Parliament EXTINCT merge
II into that Of Great Britain For thsUnon
full rebellion tn 1913 paved the wsy-a rebellion for q
public, but which prematurely exploded by the willy
British minister This ia the legislative Union Of which
Lord Byron said 1t was the union Of the shark with his
prey. The Catholic bishops assisted bringing about
because they promised Catholic Emancipation. But
the promise broken, and it only in 1929, after
years Of agitation the part Of OConne and other po
cal leaders, and when civil seemed inevitable that
that adopted by the British Parliament. Still
the condition Of the people was not improved though Ca
xkolyc .ls,t,D
Their emily there seemed 70 be to give The balance
power to the wings against the tories. .
Meantime oConnel got up the agitation for repeal OF
the Unon the ground that justice could be obtained
for Ireland from the British Parliament This nationa
movement gathered many good and sincere around it,
Protestants Us well as Catholics, among them w. s
O'Brien, who believed OConnell meant what he said
But the arch agator Only meant to get through the ter
of repeal q bugbear, other measures which he
wanted but above all to get places for his relatives and
friends, in which he eminenty successful But he
could not entirely quench the spirit which he evoked He
threatened civil Independence; and when the
evolutionary movements broke In Europe in 1S4S,
Ireland caught the fame, and OBrien and
others acted the part of leaders, John OConne Of
Dan aided by the priests, opposing them, for DAME
OConnel had died at Genoa in the previous year John
OConnel the leader Of the Old Ireland party Smith
OBren Of the Young Ireland. The of story
told. Between the government eide and the
Catholic clergy the other, Young ireland put
down and Smith Bren sent into exile. 1t has been
positively stated that the Pope had hand in the business
having threatened into by Eoglish diplomacy at
time when his own throne was at stake.
For long series Of years. indeed from the time Of Strait
ford down to the present time has been the policy Of
the English tokeep the Irish people divided
the subject of religion and 10 play party against the
other lest they should unite. In day the Irish
Catholic and the Orange parties thus used both by
whig and tory administrations.
There is thus remarkable parallel between the history
Of the Huguenots in France and the Catholics in
Ireland since the Reformation. There is this diff.
ference, that whereas the Huguenots now enjoy
all the benefits Of equal laws, the Irieh Catholics do
not. By the French Revolution the privileges Of
landed arstocracy swept away, and the aristo-
cracy themselves and their titles. These sti exist in
Ireland and that is the real evil that acts the peo-
ple-the uncertain tenure Of the land they cultivate;
their liability 10 be turned out at any moment by their land
lords The Encountered Estates act and the cessation OF
agitation with immense emigration have done much for the
present inhabitants Of Ireland But the Of land is
in the way complete regeneration and for that there
appears to be no remedy, unless perhaps by some
settlement Of the map Of Europe by the present war.
The Italians In New York.
TO THE EDITOR OF THE HERALD.
The Italian Committee beg leave to caution tho public
against any person who may solicit subscriptions to the
proposed to be raised for The benefit of the families