New-York daily tribune. [volume] (New-York [N.Y.]) 1842-1866, 1859-11-17


Rome bestows upon its subjects, and without
making beggar Of the Pope, the inhabitants of the
Legations and the Roman dependencies must be
saved Their organization in an ndependentpOltical
BODY Is one of the absolute conditions of the exist
euce of an Italian federation For all these reasons,
the Congress must organize them, and End sOlu-
tion for this 20 terrible, accursed, and abnormal
condition Of these wretched populations This will
be the most difficult solution ever to be found or
given. The civil and political power must be sep
arated from the clerical power. Conditions must
be- found limiting the Papal influence. If the Lega-
tons should be annexed to Sardinia, the remaining
populations of the Papa State will lose all chance
of salvation. They ought, therefore, not to be
separated from the Legations; and both forming
unit should constitute member of the federation.
In their relations with the Pope the constitutional
principle that the Sovereign reigHS but docs not
qorern. should be- carried out andapphed with the ut
most rightly Encyccs, and allocutions, may speak
as loud as they please TO the Roman Catholic world
to the 90 comprehended 0rbs; but the Urbs that
il the whole Papal States, must be put beyond
their immediate reach. COnclaves must not med
die with the civil, political, and material interests
of the Roman people. Under such conditions alone
is Cancellation possible between humanity and civil
ization and the material interests of Papacy.
The voice. the interests of the Neapolitan Sow
ereign, in all probability, will be listened to by the
Congress II is to be ardently hoped that the
blood of the Neapolitan martyrs will be heard on
behalf of the nation If Naples is not represented
in the present upheaval of Italy, il has borne large
share Of her general sufferings for years and
wears. down TO Poerio and the Martyrs of lsehia's
dungeons. In no part of Italy, not even in Venice
or Bresca under Haynau, nor in Parma or Modena
or Rome, have the cruelties perpetratedin Naples
been surpassed in kind Or in number Since the
end of the eighteenth century, since the French
revolution. there have been nearly as many mar
tyrs sacrificed to liberty in the kingdom OF Naples
as in all Italy beside. The Parthenopean kepub-
lie was drowned in torrents of blood and frantic
despotsm has repeatedly kept its saturnalia among
the Neapoltan people. The Neapolitans highly
deserve the warmest and most active sympathy
of civilized nations In the midst of the darkest
ignorance 20 tendery fostered by Jesuits, monks,
TONERS, there is no where in Italy more intellec-
tual action, more good reading or study than in
Naples and Sicily, not even perhaps in Piedmont
and Lombardy. Like the other members OF the
Italian family, the Neapolitan hates with deadly
hatred the Austrian influence, which, supported
by the Jesuits, upholds despotism and crime, and
the administrative and other inlamies which are
brought in Naples to an artistic finish.
That region of Italy which constitutes the King
dom of Naples has been emnently marked from Of
old by the higher development of the Italian and Of
the human mind At the end of the sixteenth and
the beginning of the seventeenth century, Bruno,
Vanini. and Campanella, of whom Hegel says that
they avenged Oh the Catholic Church the night OF
free thought, in dungeons and on the pyre sealed
the progress of philosophy. The names of Woo,
Caliano. GianOne, and Filangier count among the
European intellectual galaxy of the eighteenth cen
fury. Leopard, COlletta, the POerios, Pepe, and
Others, patriots, statesmen, savants and poets, re-
trieye the Neapolitan name from oblivion in the
present generation.
The chain which so unnaturally unites Sicily to
Naples. must be rent asunder at some, and perhaps
not distant time The Sicilians hate the despOtc
rule of the Bourbons, and the Neapolitans and
Siclians hate each other. Sicily constitutes, and
will constitute, member of any Italian Federation,
but can never be merged into an Italian Unity Not
alone as an island is Sicily separated from Italy.
The Sicilans, although little differing from other
Italians in race, language, and customs, have,
nevertheless, different political andhistOrica past.
The history of the Sicilians has run through an
ordeal different from that of other Italians. Their
individuality has not been married even by the most
crushing Bourbonic and Neapolitan oppression.
Sicily Will recover her independence, and then take
her seat in Federate Italy.
According to many, it was the Sicilian dialect,
which, passing over to Italy, principally to Flor
ence, became the basis of the Italian language,
shaped out BY the creative mind of Dante. Sicily
has traditions of communal franchises back as far
the medieval anarchy Constitutional and repre-
sentative forms existed in Sicily from the eleventh
century, until they were destroyed by despotism
eorsecrated by the Congress Of Vienna. When all
Southern Europe was smarting under the despotism
of Charles V. and Philip H., when Spain, Naples,
Lombardy, Belgium, and the Netherlands, sue
cumbed TO the fiscal DEGREES of these two rulers,
Sicily alone refused to pay the subsidies extOrted
from other Spanish dominions. When all Italy was
divided into the camps of Guelphs and Ghbellines,
that antagonism never reached, never was reeehoed
in Sicily, the Arragonian and AnOu factions there,
having wholly different meaning and character
Venice may in some way or other be saved, at
least from direct Austrian rule. The Congress may
find some expedient, or at least temporary solu-
tinn AlreadY Louis NapOeon has stimulated At Villa