The daily exchange. [volume] (Baltimore, Md.) 1858-1861, 1859-09-21
EUROPE.
BY THE PERSIA AND BoRUSsIA.

Mr. MacIyer stated that as soon as the result of the
Great Eastern's trial trip was known, the Cunard
company lntended-if that trial was successful-to
order the construction of vessel for their service
OF great size. He also stated that they were now
building eight large steamers, including one pad
dle-w wheel larger than the Persia
1t is notified that the Great Eastern was intended
to leave her mo0rings in the Thames on the 9th
inst. Her departure for America is pos tponed till
the Goth of September.
An impression prevailed that the strike in the
building trade IN London was approaching adjust
ment 1t was believed, at all events that the sbops
would be opened in a few days to non-society men,
relaxation of the Press system was said to be
under the serious consideration of the French gov
ernment
According to the lIoniteur de Ar,aec, the French
army IN Italy, under Marshal Valiant, consists of
Z! !OOO infantry, 1000 cavalry l600 artillery and
mnety-six guns, besides the military trains and
sappers and miners.
In note addressed by Cardinal Anto
ne to the Catholic Powers, he not only rejects all
reforms, but protests warmly against what he calls
an attack on the sovereign rights of the Pope
The correspondent of the London Times SAYS the
latest accounts received in Paris were far from ay
orable. The advance of the Pontiical troops into
the Legation was believed to be imminent If thev
are successful tie entry of the Duke of Modena into
MS states at the head cf his army was considered
probable, but if the Papal advance is renuIsed n
rising in Naples would most likely follow A Milan
letter expresses an apprehension that bad blood was
growing up between the French army of occupa-
tion and the Italians
The Ndzione Of Florence has the following from
Macerata
Gan order of the day. dated the 5th of August.
ana signed by Cardinal Antone, as Minister of
war, conters new crosses and medals, besides pro-
motion, on the conquerors of Perugia. A silver
medal OF the third dimension is granted TO all the
officers not otherwise and better rewarded, and a
bronze medal of the third dimension to all the sub
olhcers and privates that, as before have not re-
ceived other rewards. This is to commemorate the
massacre of Perugia.'
The French Government had intimated to the
Porte that it would support the Suez canal under
taking merely Tor commercial and industrial mr.
poses.
Letters from Syria state that fears were enter
tanned OF an extension of the civil war in that pro-
vince. The Europeans were said to be fying from
the towns and some silk factories had hoisted the
french 1ag for protection. The French Consul
had sent for troops
In future tax is to be levied on all foreigners
carrying on business in Smyrna.
Dates from Japan are to the 5th of June A DIFF
hculty which arose between the American Consul
and the Japanese government had been amicablv
settled. An American, who had discovered a rich
copper mine, laid claim to the mine and to the soil
contrary to the laws of the country. The govern
ment resisted, and the affair vas assuming an nm
pleasant aspect when the Emperor, to prevent all
further dispute, proposed that third power should
be selected as umpire, and designated first France
and then Russia The American Consul had not
sent IN his answer when the author of the discove
ry, who was morally certain of the result, gave up
his claim OF the SOIL and solicited authorization to
work the mine and share the profits with the ia
panese government. The offer was at once accep
ted.
THE ZURICH CONFERENCE
The Paris correspondent of the London Times
writing on the evening of the 3lst utimo saws:
"Of the Zurich Conferences | can add nothing
more to what stated yesterday, except that they
are every hour expected to come to an abrupt close
without any result worth talking about. The
Duches are, of course, great difficulty and there
n a gnff ThnL
perors are agreed to the prOprety or rather the
necessity, of restoring the two Dukes but diverge
on the means of setting about it. Austria would
not, perhaps object to force France will only en-
ploy moral suasion,' which does not appear to
have made much progress; while Piedmont is still
ready, we are told to accept the annexation spon-
taneously offered. Now the case is this: If Pied
mont annex, will Austria re.commence the war?
and 1t Austria re-ccmmence the war; will France
once more fly to the relief of an old ally? These
are questions to be asked In official quarters, |
may add, better coloring is tried to be given to
things One there learns that matters are ooinu on
as well as can be expected; but that if important
points are not settled at Zurich, important points
were not meant to be settled there but rather be-
fore Congress. In the meantime Prince Napoleon
is reported to be more than discontented with the
turn matters have taken"
MANIFESTO OF THE TUSCAN GOVERNMENT.
The Nord of W ednesday publishes the text of the
memorandum addressed by the Tuscan Government
on August 24th to the Cabinets of the European
Powers.
The memorandum begins with rapid glance at
the national movement of April 81 which resulted
IN the Hight OF the Grand Dacal family, and records
with Just pride the orderly unanimity of all classes
OF the population throughout the crisis which fol-
lowed the abandonment of the State by its own
sworn ruler and guardian, and his secession to the
camp OF the Austrian aggressor. 1t refers to the
general disappointment at the sudden peace, affect
ing, as it did, the common cause of Italy and even
appearing to threaten the restoration in Tuscany of
the House OF Austro-LOrraine This national disap-
pointment, however, yielded to the persuasion of
public men versed in political affairs who reminded
their ellow-citizens of the generous programme of
the French Emperor, and convinced them of the
absurdlty OF supposing that the French govern
ment, after expressly sanctioning the deposition
of the Austro-Lorraine dynasty, by placing the
command of the Tuscan national troops under an
imperial prince, could desire to effect or tolerate
restoration by force of that dynasty As soon as
the Commissioner of the King of Sardinia had
resigned his authority, the provisional government
had convOked the national representatives accord
ing to the broad and liberal electoral law of March
3rd, lS4S; for the constitutional charter was only
in allegiance, there being manner of doubt of the
ilegaitv of the coup deta of 1852 which had abol-
shed it." The number of electors under this law
was considerably increased since its original pro-
mitigation in lS4S; and by the adoption OF an cleo
toral law, which had emanated from the Grand Du-
cal government, the partisans of the dynasty, who
might have objected to the sincerity of the national
WILL were silenced. The only fear of the admins
traton was on account of the long disuse of pOti-
ty of undue excitement coming to the aid of SIMS
ter intrigues. But this apprehension was set at
rest by the incompatible example of patriotism
and good sense which the result of the elections had
exhibited. Order, concord, peaceful enthusiasm
had prevailed, and the electors had proved them
selves worthy of that independence which they
claimed from the justice of Europe. Every man of
mark IN the country was sent to the Assembly by
the popular suffrage.
The Assembly, regularly convoked, had proceed
ed to deliberate on two questions, which, in fact,
resolved themselves into one, and both were unan-
lmously agreed to.
They we're
l. A declaration that the reign of the Austro-
Lorraine dynasty was irrevocably closed in Tus-
cany.
2 That it was the will of the Tuscan people to
make part OF powerful Italian kingdom under the
constitutional sceptre of King Victor Emanuel H.
The memorandum then goes on to argue the
right OF the Tuscan people to declare its wishes in
these respects, and the interest of all the European
governments to affirm and uphold them. Tuscany,
abandoned to itself, had elected a government
contormable to its feelings and interests right
too elementary to need discussion
The exercise OF sovereignty over people implies,
according to the public law of all nations, and all
ages, tutelary function towaros that people, not
war nor hatred. True, the fort of Belvidere, the
Hight into the arms of Austria, Solferino, suf
hcient witnesses ofthe policy which the house of
Austria-Lorrane entertained towards the Tuscan
people; not to allude more particularly TO the
broken compact between prince and people, when
foreign soldiery was called in to assist at the vic
laton Of constitutional oaths But the right of the
Tuscans to repudiate perjured and anti-national
dynasty was supported by the evident right of
Europe to provide for the permanent peace and
tranquility of its component states. The restoration
OF the Austro Lorraine dynasty could only be ac-
compshed by violence, and could not fail to be ac-
companied with grievous agitations and followed by
terrible reprsas. The events of the last ten wears
and especially of the last four months had placed
an imperative barrier between that dynasty and
the Tuscans. 1ncurable aversion and distrust on
the part OF the population unappeasable and
animosity on the part of the prince, would render
any future reconciliation between them impossible
The restored dynasty could only reign by force
BY what force, if not by Austrian? For it the
Tuscan army which had anticipated its fellow-citi
Zens in marking its reprobation of the antinationa
conduct of the dynasty, and most effectually con-
tributed to its fall.
The dynasty, then, could only reign through for
eign Intervention; and would Europe permit re.
turn to the internal ebb and flow of revolution and
conspiracy, of vengeance and repression which had
SO long distressed and distracted Italy, and ieopar
dised the peace of all our governments and nations?
Austria, obliged to accept the peace of Villafranca
would never submit sincerely to its conditions. She
would always endeavor, by stealth stratagem,
by taking advantage of any difficulties arising in
other parts of Europe, to regain LOmbardy, and to
reoccupy her former position in Italy. In such a
case it would be the duty and necessity of Italy to
make another national effort to preserve the con-
quests which the generous valor of the French and
Sandman armies had won. Yet with Austrian
dynasty at Florence again, Tuscany would once
more be where she the 9th of April.
The question between Tuscany and the House of
Austro-LOrraine is reduced to these terms. Is the
conquered to succumb to the conqueror? Is civil
lied people, which has proved the possession of
civic virtue and patriotism, to be given as