The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1859-04-12


she will be valuable acquisition to any yric theatre
We hope her in character better adapted to
her great ability and highly finished style Persiani still
showed the great aye she has BEEN did also Freq
zon and Tucchin the prince Of buos Mario looked
well. but like La Guerrabella misplaced in the opera
The Italian Opera fast losng ground from grea. msma
nagement.
must not forget TO mention the festival of the orphe-
onsts of France, at the Paas de pIndustre6 900 sing
at once, without instruments-which went of with
much ecldt
My lady friend has not yet given me the fashions for
this steamer An entire revolution Is preparing headed
by the Empress which will be the curiosity OF my next
Our Berlin Correspondence.
BERLIN, March o. 1859.
The Peace Congress Likely to Meet in nis CtyRussia
Shea.he the Scords of Europe for Moment-Joyof Tie
Prussap People at the Chance Of Feace-Disastrous
Effects of q War her Interesa-Hsr Army Recruit.
naent Establishment and Objects Of the LG,a.
,cehr-Dirisons and 7ttal Strength Of the Standing
Army
For the moment everything looks quite peaceful again.
Russia has proposed a Congress Of the great Eu-
ropean Powers meet in this city, neutral ground
for the purpose of settling the Italian question. France,
in accordance with whose wishes this proposal proba-
bly, made has given her consent, and AUSTRIA after
siderable hesitation has yielded necessity and Ultimate
ly sgnhed her acquescence OF IL remains very
doubtful whether the Congress will lead to agreement
between the conendng parties; their antagonsm is too
decided and their political views and interests differ too
widely TO render but at any rate the danger
of immediate hostiltcs to be avered; diplomacy
stepped between the combaants and arrested the
swords about leap from their scabbards and
whatever turn events may finally take, Europe has at
least obtained respite, during which she fetch
breath and little from the terrors that have be-
set her ever since the memorable Let Of January.
Here in Prussia especially the prospect Of peaceful
hach tho ,iic hox,n
been alarmed for time previous by reports that the
army at least part Of it, to be placed on the
war footing which had dused universal CONSERVATION.
The organization Of the Prussan army is such that
where in the world would have disastrous
effect upon the comfort and the very existence Of the
whole population in this country will be readily
perceived from sketch Of the military system established
which, believe, is not generally known in America. BY
law every man who has attained the age Of twenty
is obliged to serve in the regular army for
three years, no substitute being allowed, and
admitted short of physical incapacity Young men Of
good education however, may apply to enter as volun
teers,' when, il they pass their examination in the
various branches OF required they have only
year, receiving pay, and finding their own
UNIFORM and accoutments After the expiration Of their
term service the standing army they transferred
the Landwehrwhich resembles the regulars in every
respect except that continually under
where they must the First Ban (Aufgeot) till
they complete their thirty second year. From that ageto
thirty nine they enrolled in the Second an originally
intended garrison duty, but which may be called in
necessity 10 reinforce the standing army Every
regiment of the line, infantry and cavalry has regiment
of Iandwehr attached to IL, being the number and
uniform, with the exception of ring distinctions.
They of1cered the the line, bat only
called out once year, or sometimes every two
years. for field days, and reviews when they
receive their and accoutremens from the govern
mept arsenas and clothing depots established in all the
provinces of the monarchy for the use OF the antwehr
after the reviews over they return their arms &c.
to these magazines and permitted 10 resume their usual
avocatons but remain embodied as the Frst Ban of the
Iandwehr and are liable to be called whenever an
order ia issued to put the army footing, what
is termed Kipgsbeuitscbaft, and while the reg.
las marched of to meet the enemy they remain under
arms a The First Ban OF the Landwehr is
composed Of twelve basons Of guards, ninety six bat
taions Of infantry, and hundred and forty -four
squadrons Of cavalry besides artillery Its total strength
the war establishment is stated at TIA ,626 In
peace only the skeletons of the battaons and squadrons
are MISUNDERSTANDING four thousand one hundred
and twenty three ana three hundred and forty eight
horses That Of the Second Ran, at u.s. 1876 These
figures given 1858 and 1884, but have not altered
materially since.
The Landwehr was Instituted in Isl3 and was then only
intended TO for the defence Of the country against
foreign INVASION the implies At that period the
whole nation was fired with enthusiasm, and all classes
We'd with each other in their efforts to throw of the in
toerable yoke Of the First Napoleon which had weighed
tie Of Jena Now, however, things very much alter
ed; all the relations Of social life have undergone great
changes in the last forty years. and the andwehr system
which originally quite popular has long been felt as
grievance that called imperatvey for relief The pr-
Yates, well many OF the officers, belong 10
rious trades and professions the lawyers ply
| sicians, merchants-the former mechanics hand-
craftsmen, farmers, &c. About two thirds Of their
Der are married, most OF them having families, and If
summoned 10 the question arises who 10 maintain
their wives and children when the husbands and fathers
absen and no longer able 10 provide for their sub
at stand STILL trade would be zed the fields would
be left untitled, and everything be involved In utter
fusion There Is already feeling Of dissatisfaction a vs
for field days and mannuvres, which only take them
few weeks they complain that they obliged 70 neglect
their business have 70 march and bivouac like regular
soldiers by which many have seriously injured their
heaths, and in some instances have young
UaSamen sent birth ahnp
the prvates although the latter often men Of educa
ton and superior In every respect 70 those sprgs Of
ration | evident from the desertons that
constantly taking place From single district-Stra
So Jl bs nsansrv oeVnsns
tude had not yet expired denounced the other day
in the newspapers for having quilted the country without
leave, and threatened with the penalties Of the law II
they kept away. have heard young men engaged in
mercantile pursuits declare that they should be called
out they were determined TO engrats 10 America az all
their prospects, would be bgbted by such an interruption
n their career, and would be difficult If not impossible,
for them 70 resume on their return from service The
worst h. that this system 30 onerous 10 the population,
does Prussia the advantage Of an efficient
military force Instead OF soldiershp being regular
| profession, like In other countries, it s a mere
state of transition, TO which every Ia subject
but from which every anxious 70 escape soon as
he possibly can and In case OF war this Prussan army
would be composed either OF recruits Of persons
who in the pacific pursuits OF ordinary fc have long
forgotten the little they knew Of the military art and
France or Austria The depots in their military system
have not invoked the observation Of the Prssan auho
ties, and may have contributed to the pacific attitude
which this country has maintained during Of the
most important crises OF It's recent history but yet
decisive steps have been taken towards s
| tcano baxo hoon of.rtod pdor