New-York daily tribune., 1859-12-28

IL recommended that the sanction OF Congress o.
gwen 10 tie employ of clerks in cases OF this el
81 reasOLAble compensation for such time as u"s.
'eTyices may be actually necessary.
" hlie the Pret nl.uon Law has conferred immense
teehs sBd secured homes hundreds of thousands oi
cur ciieLs IA tie advance OF settlements IN the great
LieT!or III CD our frontiers il has not been wthoa'
LssTaLt abuses, which the Department oy stringent
ItgiuIes Lac enceayOred ~ correct and arrest oAe V
tie exYIess dous Of the 18th section Of the aei o.
-tl seItenler, 1871, is thar before any person shi
he allowed to enter such lands be oT she shall niaAe
cath leioie the Receiver Register that they naYe
hot directly indirectly made any agreement OF con
'ugCi IL any way or manner with any person OF per
sCuE Wlaisoeyer by " hlch Tie vile when nc OF Sis
might az Qune from tie Government VI the United
sihes should inure in whole IN part 70 the beBehs
Of ally IeTsOn except himself or herself, with forie
TUE Of n.CTey Yet coupled with the enactment 'hA'
any graft OF convey anoe which he or sne may nave
"I6Ce except Ia the hands Of bona hde purcoasers
" for valuable Consideration, shall be null and VOID
IL nierdict rc pretmpuon ue rs tar az law Can DO
u, hnsy and she ht improvements, or even improse-
neItt here there sn unreal ipttnuon OF DVha ue
IeiuaIent settlement, il s worthy OF consideration
whether the pretupton statute should not be amended
ly declaring that upon satisfactory proof 10 tee ten
eTt lHp0 Ofee, at any time before the issuing oi
IgteLt, that claimant who, al er he had proved up
s1d entered had actually abandoned bis residence OF
,od Eis tract such entry should be vacated and can
celed, snu that any deed or transfer OF suen pre-
Ition before issuing Of the patent shall be null and
TO ali inlents aid purposes, both IN law and equity
eeclarstofy statements Tor uno1eTed lands, and slm
ljv the systtn il Is recommended that Legislation De
lac dfetuIs all teltlers upon unonered ands, "hen
ietiemenls made PRIOR TO The return OF the piol
lie Distuet Cfhoe, 10 tle within three months aiIsr
dat Teimn whether the settlement is made before OF
aiteI the survey the held and that all who settle
siler the return OF the plat shall he within three
uoriLs from date Of settlement.
III Ouid be relief, and measure OF justice 70 mint
ly law ii IeriCc within which appeals may be taken
ft The deeson OF ths ofce TO the Secretary OF IN.
lLieTor aud nteIdictiDg appeals unless claimant snail
bic bt lt dayit specially ,iaung the error OF IA" anu
TACT and declaring that hs purpose Is not ior ueay VI
| yeAauon Of bic Opl onent.
lie working Of tie postal preemption requires con-
siGeIatiob. Tie privilege granted 10 mii cohlrae1O
Ly tie Act of tie ID of March 1855 making approprla-
uous for the Post-Oiee Department, has originated
claims involving questions OF some ntrctcy, ana, IN
sowing tbem, conclusions have been arrived at ad'
| yeIte 10 those who have claimed as Denencariss
| uLoer II. -,
1LeIriyege to presmpt 640 has sug yested tie
uouirI " by Ihis grant made, II ~ novel ie.-
tus III postal legislation, and operates a. bounty Ia
lie VI tie pubic service hitherto entirely dependent
ou IecuniarS emounent. IL IL manifest lhat Cohsrtt
LAD eone extraordinary service IN view, and an I'M
toltAIt object TO accomplish. The very offer OF
bounty fOI carrying the mail, 80 UNUSUAL eXcePs lhe
ted service out OF the usual ordinary Ihe VI
lAt duiy wuhm the settled Territories, and II Is lalry
rtersble thai II wAs intended an e. lOuragsmsnt "
e,abhsh mali routes between distant places, connect
ng unsettled regICLs intermediate, points Oh Departure,
TegiCBs desOzte and nnlnhabiIed as 10 require aohe
t route GORDON OF stations 10 meet the eAgences o
the ,erNices. Entertaining this opinion OF the law,
ts ice Las teen compelled 10 resist claims founded
Oh diEerebt construction, and toreJect sueh as seek
privilege ior carrying the ordinary maHs on routes
iuunlup 10 al POINTS OF the compass as local conye-
ueuoe Tequed within the lerrltores west OF the hs
| ,.sIpi. There Ii also tie kindred act OF harcn ;,
ls5i giving authority to the Postmsser-Generai " TO
CObuset lor the convey anee OF tie entre letter a
iron such point the Mississippi River as the con-
tracoIs may telest TO San traclscO III the State ol
CalnoIna, Tor SIX ears, &c. the I1th section ds-
esrDg that tie contractors shall have the nsht oil
tre I'M ton TO three hundred and twenty acres oi
sL> laid not then disposed Of or reserved, at each
ionl necessary Tor station, not 10 he nearer than
| Zen miles from each other, and provided, that no
mreral laI.d shall thus be preempted.'
Ioocllrs 10 this otice that il would be preferable 10
re1ea existing Legislation IN regard TO post-route pre-
,ntisLs 10 gbts have not vested, ana estaO-
hti perfect system, requiring Manifestation res
N.LoIs made, the lee To remain III the United
StAes ana be occupied and used by mail conlraot-
ON lI Tie existence of the contract, and selseIsG
md approved necessity might ruggest, under t"s
directions ofths Secretary OF the Interior and the Poet
| nasteT-G eneiai. 90
| IT, ol erations under the Graduation act Of 1855
have been very active as pnees under the law dsindle
Gown 10 the lOvest rates U - and III cents per acre
NLeS er this Glars of lands passes INTO the hands OF
de loLet setIier, It matter of gratlheaiIon
Ia iaucable resu strengthening and enrlebp1g the
,oinltfy and converting refuse jands into indiSldu
owpertmp; but there Is, however great reason 10 De
Il llltt
ti.s law and nastes Ot public lands have been passed
! nto naucs OF sIeculatcrs. .
To arrest tlds az tar as possible prompt and radical
legislation il necessary, requiring evidence OF aetua
,4ttlemeut ard cultivation to be made IN advance OF
Entry and that the proof be required TO be made be
/ IOBe tie heglster aLd Receiver
| keturus OF survey Tor confirmed private elams IN
| California steadily reaching ue Department ief
| examination and a cutting.
utLe location Oi these claims, and the proper ad-
iustne ent OF boundaries there mneh difficulty arising
irom he defective nature OF the orgna Spanish anu
Mexican grants, and the maps upon when tney are
Lassd hICh ia meet mQst De reierredto IN To-
,tiug tie confirmed claim, the DEGREES OF conlrna-
tic contain IN but lew instances an exact dsscnpuon
Il tie tract referring 10 the general Original grant and
| EaI filed Tor description
Nhen the different condition Of this country at the
refod Of making thOse grants and the present time 10
considered the OF difficulty leading To frequent
dsputes aid contests about boundaries VIII be rsadi!
| upderstCOd. Under the former governments, landS
were pItLled Ia large tracts Oi comparatively hite
| value There Was no scientific surveying system
adoIted IA connection with those grants, their area
le.ng gwen by rough estimate. Nnen Tue oedndhry
| Was d waleT-ccuIre, sierra range ei I1s of
valley Was aoceI Iisd as suheeiy definite oeslbnA-
tioI Of limits where few huBdrsd acres were not
MOr1h oontebding for; and 40 long as me properly
renamed ia the hands Of tie grant e< or thelr nesSeAa
Auts un0er Mexican rule, this system Was sDmeieh'
for tle IurIose, aId was aequeseee m buI on she
si.f OF soyere.gty to lie Uned States, and tile
.ulltaOu O our Isole from The Au2iitic slde n new
siale oi things laauguated Tnsss ranches passed
nlo otLeI hsIds-they were cut up Aud divided, and
under lie enterprise AID industry Of tie new ,eluer''
Leenu. IN many instances valuable agricultural farms
Cur exact surveying system was inrcdnced ans pos
sessions cane 10 be estimated by acres instead oi
eaeues. Il then became miisEe 70 tho-es VINO
Lao Eutohssed portions of these granfs ~ know the
t,eese LIMITS OF lher claims. To Ihs end every means
n lie Iorser of the Department have been employed
uLder Tie law. -. -,
rats vi survey have been returned Tor iof oi Lese
: -. "A prF4H-
iCr 81 of that number, csntaning an aySfeSaIe OF
L,5O. .I.g arIes, patents have been Issued