Anti-slavery bugle. [volume] (New-Lisbon, Ohio) 1845-1861, 1859-05-21

of Napoleon L., or Spain in the days of Charles ".
When exhausted Europe fell back in 1915 from
its victory over Napoleon upon the reconstruction
of municipalities and powers" it was felt to be
imperatvely necessary not only that Italy should
be put beyond the reach Of any Of the parties to
the Holy Alliance, hut also that she should be
prevented from aspiring to any unity Of her own.
No ruler could trust his brother-ruler with what
Richelieu called the "Kcy of the World" and oil
the rulers were resolved that the Italian people
should not hold it. Italy was. therefore, divided
as follows To the restored King Of Naples was
given his old realm, the Italian inheritance of the
Spanish Bourbons. Upon an area nearly equal
to that of New York, this sovereign 20 rule
over ten millions of Subjects and the whole South.
ern region of tho Peninsula To the Pope was
conflod an area equal to that of Maryland and
massachusetts with three million of people, in
the centre Of Italy, and stretching from to sea
An Austrian prince Of the House of lIapsburg
held Tuscany, with two millions of people and a
fertile region on the west, fully as large as Massa
chusctts, locked in upon the northeastern borders
by the smaller States of Parma and Modena, also
ruled by princes Of Austrian extraction and alli
ance and with combined population of about q
million souls. Northern Italy was finally divided
by the river Ticino and the Lago Maggiore be.
tween the House of Savoy and Hapsburg, the
former as Kings Of Sardinia, possessing do.
mi,ion to the West about as large as South Caro-
lima, with population twice as large as that of
New York the latter Kings of Lombardo.
Veneta holding q region half as large Maine,
with a population of about five millions. In these
arrangements it pleased the Congress of Vienna
to see sure guarantee of the Impotence of Italy
to menace the peace Of the world.
But the House of Hapsburg had not forgotten
It's ancient motto, and determined not only to
retain Lombardy, which had descended to it from
the Inheritance of Charles ", and Venice, which
had fallen into its hands in the chances of the last
Napoleonic war, but also to use Northern italy
as its lever for making all the Peninsula its own.
1t lost no time in beginning operations 1t has
never ceased to prosecute them. The most formi,
dable engines of Austrian influence have been the
systematic attempts of the Italian soyereigns to
crush their people back into the recognition OF
divine Right" and to kill the hyGras of "liber.
ty and law" throughout their States. The ink
was hardly dry on the Conventions of Paris, when
in July u, 1885, Austria signed ''secret treaty"
with Naples, binding the King Of Naples to ''rule
his dominions in accordance with the views of the
Austrian Government" Five years later, in 1920
| Naples forced her King to grant her a Constitu
ton. Austria theu appealed to this secret treaty
and by virtue of it marched army into "inde
pendenr Naples suppressed the constitution, and
established that Austrian tutclago which has en-
dured, with the brief interval Of few months in
lS4S, up to this time In 1921. Sardinia demand
-. L..
tria marched WHhom secret treaty, and restor.
ed despo,ism there also.
An outbreak a! Bologna brought Austria into
the Papal States one another point of which
she has never since ceased to occupy. The Grand
Duke of Tuscany is strictly Austrian by family
aud has therefore been left comparatively uncom
plimented by the armed presence of his kinsmen
| With Parma and Modena, in l647. Austria con
cluded treaties allowing her to take the armed
possession of these States Whenever military
prudence" should require it. Within the last for
ty years, therefore, Austria, from ruling five mil
lions of Italians in one corner of the Peninsula
has advanced to a practical control over the whole
Peninsula, with the single exception OF Sardinia
in which State Liberty has established itself, and
has held its own with Incompatible spirit and
good sense.
On formal grounds, then, Napoleon III, ha,
clearly been right as European sovereign il
protesting against the steady infractions Of the
balance of power in Italy of which Austria ha,
been guilty. In these protests he has simply echo
ed the less determined language held from time
to slime by his predecessor Louis Philippe, ant
by the English Government His right to protec
Sardinia from any invasion of Austria is demon
strabe on these overt grounds alone.
As French sovereign Napoleon, however, ha
other and even stronger reasons for his rresen
action, not the less respectable that they need no
be systematically put forward The course G
Austria in Italy, while it threatens all the Power
concerned in the freedom os the Mediterranean
bears directly upon the future welfare of France
France has nothing to fear from Italy, if the TIA
ian States defined by the treaties of Vienna b
really independent. From Italy as a fef of Aus
tria, France has everything to fear; and tn
French monarch would be recrcant to his tru:
whC could suffer the process begun in 1915 wit
Naples to be consummated with Sardinia in 1885,
Should Austria in the war which she now incte
be wholly driven beyond the Alps, it is idlO
suppose that Italy would be transferred to the dC
mlnlon OF france. Inc same reasons whlch lo
, bid Italy to be Austrian forbid her to be French
: and Napoleon III. is not the man to throw hin
self madly against the combined feelings cf EI
, rope. 1t would be rash indeed now to specua'
:, upon the consequences of such a strife as in
pends in Europe; but may feel more than col
D.. fdent that the result of thorough humilato
:, Of Austria in Italy must be the Inauguration
such career Of independence and nationality fC
the rest Of Italy as has been SO gloriously begu
!, by the gallant people of Sardinia aad Piedmon
b The late c. f. Hovey, Esq. by his will made Il
g Anti Slavery cause, Womens Rights and Non'R
sis.ance his residuary egatees through the agenc
f Of William Lloyd Garrison. Wendell Phillip
, Francis jackson and others. The amount to |