The daily exchange. [volume] (Baltimore, Md.) 1858-1861, 1859-05-31
EUROPE,
DETAILS BY THE NEW YORK

EUROPE.
DETAILS BY THE NEW YORK
NAP0LEON'S HEADQUARTERS AT ALLIES
SANDRIA.
Aessandria or Alexandria the canit.l of tbo
province IN Piedmont of the same name and one of
the strongest fortresses in Europe is situated in
rlch and fertile plain declining towards the east 65
miles by road, 46 miles direct distance p 8 n of
Turin; 60 miles bv road and As miles direct dis
tance ,; ,. W. of Milan; and 40 miles direct n by
W. OF Genoa; in lat A 81 N, long. SO E., on the
river bank of the Tanaro. 1t extends across the
narrow marshy tract formed by the confluence of
tne Bormlda with that rver and has an altitude of
2O3 feet above sea level This city-whicb has been
styled the Boulevard Of Piedm0nt-was, until re-
GENTLY enclosed on three sides by strongly fortif-
ed wall, while extensive outworks ran along the
east SIDE OF the TanarO; on the opposite or west
side OF that river is the citadel, n sexaoonal work
which is connected with the city by means ofa
covered stone bridge of fifteen arches On the op-
poslte side OF the river is sheltered by chain of
small hills extending from Monte Calieri eastward
to bold and beautiful height little to the north
east OF the city, which is crowned with fine castle
and tower. The principal buildings with which
Aessandria is adorned are The town and government
houses, which are situated in a handsome square
decorated with trees-the Palazzo Ghiini the civil
and military hospitals, the cathedral six parish
churches four converts, fourteen hospitals and
asylums, an academy of arts several schools and
ioy dl COileSeJ anu Il YmnaSlum. In the year 1906
ITS population was estimated at So PIG; in the wear
1898 its population q 500 exclusive of the oar
rlson, amounting to $500. But taking in the six-
teen suburban villages lying within the walls its
aggregate population in 1855 was 1924. 1t has
some spinning mills and manufactures of silk lin
en-, cotton, and wax candles The central position
OF tins city with respect to Milan, Genoa and Turin
its command of the Tanaro and Bormida, and of
several OF the most important routes of communica-
ton with the surrounding districts, render it one
OF considerable commercial Influence and
Its fairs held in the end of April and beginning of
October, are among the most important in Italy.
In November 1857, railway was opened from Al
essandra to Voghara, which is TO be carried on IN
Stradela, in the Duchy of Parma, and so unite the
Piedmontese lines with the great Central Italian
line. Alessandria would thus form the central point
OF the great trunk or principal railway lines of
SARDINIA, one OF which passes, by way of Genoa,
across the Apennines; the second, bv way of Turin
to Asti and to Parma; and the third, bv Valenza
and Novara, to the Lago Maggiore. Alessandria
was taken by Sforza, Duke of Milan, in 1922: sus
tanned an unsuccessful siege by the French in 1857
ana after an obstinate resistance, fell into their
hands in 1907. The present citadel was begun in
1870 and finished in l745. In 1896 it made condi-
tonal surrender to Bonaparte. In 1893 it fell be-
fore the combined armies of Austria and Russia and
after the battle OF Marengo, in 1900, was regained
by the French, who expended nearly 50 600 600
francs upon its fortifcations and retained it until
lSl4, when the province became portion of the
Sardinian domnions, and the Notifications were to
a great extent raZed.
ur,,, From the Paris Pays, May 15
THE WAR TO BE CONFINED TO ITALY, AND
OF SHORT DURATION
The more people reflect, and the more events be-
come developed, the clearer it becomes that the
war will be localized and the campaipn short
What was it that caused the fear of seeing war ex
tend, change its theatre and gain Central Europe
Unjust prejudices against France lightly conceived
and imprudently progagated, but of which time
and reflection every day take away a norton We
are far from the moment at which the English min
listers declared in Parliament that it was impossi-
BILE for them to understand what French policy pro
posed in Italy. At present England and all Europe
perfectly understand it. EVERYBODY knows that
we go to put end to a violent and unnatural
state of things, which kept up by the revolu-
tonary spirit on the plausible pretext that Italy
suffered unmerlted and excessive anguish; and be-
fore SIX months are over no one will be able to COM
prehend how Europe could have so long tolerated
the subsection Of Italy and the abasement of some
free States, which had aienated their dignity and
as 1t were, sold their people to the crown of Aus
tria. The English journals show every day the
radical change which has taken place in ENGLAND
on the subject of the existing war. Convinced of
the moderation and uprightness of our policy and
OF the utility and morality of our enterprise the
English have cast aside their preiudices, and no
longer dread the menacing and insensate projects
which certain inconsderate journals had ascribed
to France. And Germany, who was lately so
noisy and excited, and who believed herself bound
to take arms, without delay, to repel our inya-
siOn-hOw much more reasonable and calm
has she become since she finds that nothing
has occurred to justify her unreasonable fears
w here has she seen any intention manifested o.
menacing her independence and troubling her COM
merce? Which was right-the Austrian journals
which denounced our ambition and our turbulence
or the French journals, which protested that we
entertained profound respect for all those who
should not menace or come to attack us? And now
that the object Of the war is well known and its
limits well defned there is in France only one de-
SIRE that OF meeting the Austrians as quickly as
possible. If the army of Marshal Gyulai will do
ours the honor OF waiting for it between the from
tier OF Piedmont and Milan, we may have peace
very shortly. We persuaded that the enemy's
army is as firmly decided ours to settle prompty
and fully the question which divides us, and strong
In this conviction, we count verv early denoue-
ment. The campaign of MarengO and that of UIm
only lasted month each. If our army can meet
the Austrians convinced that the present one
will not be longer.
The Paris Constitutional of May Is, publishes the
following article in loaded type, under the sigma
ture of"M. Amedee Renee 1.-The Italian nupstion
generally inspires lively sympathy. England, in
spite of the political reticences of some statesmen
openly expresses wishes in favor of the work of de-
liverance which France is about to attempt in the
Italian peninsula Russia, in the path of progress
on which she has so extensively entered has not
hesitated with regard to the Italian cause; from
the first day she testified warm desire for pacific
solution, and gave the unreserved support of her
influence to the cause of right and Justice. The
the States of the North, manifestly express their
wishes for the deliverance of Italy. Beyond the
Atlantic arise protestaons certainly not less disin-
terested; the United States loudly declare by the
organs of public opinion that France is now defend
ing humanity and civilization. Germany has been
led estray and duped by propaganda of false re-
ports and untavorahle "reminiscences: her national
creduity has been worked upon. Prussia herself
Notwithstanding the good faith of France and the
frankness of her Intentions so repeatedly and clear
lV pXDrpsSpd has not uujtp espannd
of error. We have proof of this in the recent re-
port of the Chamber of Deputies of Berlin.
This report we must first observe is in its ground
work comfortable to the prudent aud enlightened
policy of the Prussian government: but it presents
some points which call for examination. 'sWe must
not" it is therein said, "misunderstand the dan
gers which the attitude of the Emperor of the
French-and to which the imperial proclamation
has recently added a significant arriere plan-con-
tains for the safety and security of Germany."-
We ask ourselves what are those dangers, and what
threats does the Imperial proclamation contain?
The proclamation has been read and Judged bv the
whole Of Europe, and it has, it appears to us,
been generally admitted that never was the Ian
guage OF sovereign more clear and less to be sus.
pected of any mental reservation. In that proca-
nation the Emperor once more tells Europe that
France does not seek for conquest; that she arms
solely for the deliverance of italy, and does not in
tend, out OF respect for Germany, to attack Austria
except In her Italian possessions. What is to be
understood by the significant plan spoken of
in the Prussian report? That Austria should make
use of such an expression could comprehend: but
that in Prussia such suspicious should have been en-
tertained, and that such unfounded uneasiness
should have been excited, we do not at all under
stand.
THE CHANCES OF A BATTLE.
Paris MAY 15J correspondence Of London Herald
From authentic Information which reaches me
from the seat of war, have reason to believe that
the bulk ofthe French and Piedmontese armies will
Immediately cross the Po and offer battle to the
Austrians. In anticipation of action, large rein
forcements are now on their way to supply the
losses suffered by the French army.
THE HOPES OF A SPEEDY PEACE.
LORD DERBY's OPINION OF TUSCAN AND ITALIAN INDE-
PENDENCE.
From the London Herald (gouernment OrgdnD May 16l
So far as we know and believe, no official an
nouncement has been received of this change in the
government of Tuscany. Even had this noti6ca-
ton been made it is not the duty of those in author
ity to acknowledge de tacto governments unless as
sureG that they contain elements of stability. The
Tuscan government is not in that position, and we
do not understand how it can be deemed independ-
ent. The Grand Duke has not abdcated, as Louis
Philippe did in lS4S. The provisional government