The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1859-03-12

feather their own nests, and allowed art, litera-
ture mech mics and commerce to take care OF
themselves. And that they have taken care Of
themselves, and on the whole very we'll in the
face of all obstacles, is the highest tribute that
can be paid to the individual skill, enterprise
and perseverance of our people. 1t is that
which has saved US from going to pieces long
ago; and we should foster, cherish and defend it,
from motives of selfpreservation If for none
other.
TRADE or THE WORLD WITH JAPAN.-In another
column will be found copy Of the new treaty
concluded between the governments of the
Netherlands and Japan ON the 18th of August
last By the additional articles to the treaty Of
1856, agreed upon between the two countries in
October, 1857, certain concessions were made to
Holland which were ct the time thought advanta-
geous; but the privileges granted by the new
treaty are of much more liberal character.
The main points In which the,two documents
differ are these:-By the treaty Of 1857 the ex-
port of the precious metals was prohibited either
in coin or in bullion, and duty of thirty-fve
per cent imposed on the value of all goods sold.
By the new treaty all Japanese coin, excepting
copper, and all foreign coins and foreign un-
coined gold and silver, may be freely exported.
A duty Of five per cent will be payable on all
articles used in the construction rigging, repair
ing or outfit Of ships, on whaling gear, salt pro.
visions, bread and breadstufs, live animals coal,
timber for the construction of houses rice paddy,
steam engines, zinc, lead, tin and raw silk. A
communication received subsequently to the
signing of the treaty from the Governor Of Ma
gasaki, includes in this category all kinds of
woollen and cotton goods. On Intoxicating
liquors. and all other articles not included in the
above list, duty of twenty per cent will have
to be paid. Foreigners residing in japan are
allowed to employ Japanese as servants or in
any other lawful capacity, and the Japanese
government undertakes to appoint capable teach
ers for natives of other countries desiring to learn
the arts and sciences Of japan.
With the exception of this latter clause, it will
be seen that these provisions of the new Dutch
treaty are identical with those embraced in the
English one, which was In its turn based upon
that concluded by our own Minister. Thus each
successive negotiation of the different govern;
ments with Japan has resulted in the concession
by the latter of some enlargement of the privi-
leges already granted to foreign commerce. AS
each treaty contains favored nation clause, all
become entitled to an equal participation in the
advantages secured by the others, so that whe-
Their the Dutch, the English, the Russians or the
French, gain additional concessions, we have no
cause for jealousy. Whatever benefits one will
benefit all, and none more than the nation which,
after agesOf jealous exclusiveness is at last be-
coming sensible to the policy of free commercial
Intercourse with the rest of the Wild.
DAHLGREN Guns AND RIFLED CANNoN-The
probability of war has created in Europe great
interest in improved artillery, and IL is announced
that both in England and France experiments,
conducted with great secresy, are being made
with rided cannon which carry ball with &C.
curacy to distance of ten miles.
There is, no doubt, some exaggeration in the
latter part of this statement but the main fact is
true. These experiments, however, are not con-
fined to France and England, but are pursued
with equal activity in the United States and
Russia. The greatest improvements in firearms
Of all kinds have been made in this country, and
the fact arises from two cause.-the greater ac-
tivity Of mechanical invention among us, and the
familiar use of arms by all classes of our people,
which opens wide market to improvements
without depending upon the government for their
adoption.
But it is in the improvements of artillery that
we have startled all the nations of Europe. The
Dahlgren cannon, now so extensively used in our
naval service, is popularity said to hit, nineteen
times out Of twenty, target of the size of a
man at distance of six miles; and the statement
is not far from the truth. Such weapon as that
gives to its possessor vast power over an an.
tagonist who has it not, and European ingenuity
has been for years largely stimulated to beat it.
These improvements in weapons are rapidly
they do, the power Of destruction. Should
naval war break out, what with steam power,
Dahlgren guns and rided cannon, it would be
the most destructive war ever known, and would
necessarily be of short duration from that single
fact.
THE OrERA AT CNcINNArI.-The new Opera House
announced 10 be opened the 10th inst the Sakosch
company Tne date, however, may DC changed, as one
of the prime donnie, Nine de wihorst is at present In
New York, and is seriously Ill.
THEATRE FRANCAB-The third representation of the
will be given this evening The principal piece
one Of the Dcjazct comedies, "Les Prcmers Armcs de
Richeieu," in which tho soubrete Mile. Sen, will
make her debit. The theatre very popular already.
Police Intelligence.
Business rather Ut the police courts yesterday
and but few Of any moment disposed Of John
j. Lilly was brought before Justice Quackenbush on
charge Of false pretcHsss preferred against him by Mary
Flaherty The defendant II is alleged represented that