The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1859-07-09

ASASI w OlyIV 1Os
heroic defence Since that time Bologna has been 90.
cupied by the Austrians-an tccupat subsequently
legalized by treaty with the PontHcal government.
Bologna 10 one Of the few cities Of Italy which have
been occupied by Brit sh troops During the last Struggle
of Napoleon In Italy, 1874 the Austrian army WINS sup
ported In is operations the Adige by body Of Engsh
troops under General Nugent who landed 1t the mouth Of
the Po and occupied Bologna In February o. that year.
The streets Of the old part Of Bologna narrow re
gular and crooked in the old quarters Of Paris but
we'll paved and clean. They serve only a. contrast
to the broad thoroughares and noble aYcades Of the
modern city The houses well built, with rich and
varied coonades being not only beautiful 70 look upon
but shording shelter fro N the and rain.
Among the curioeies Of the place the celebrated
meridian line 200 feet long, drawn by CAssn ON "copper"
and placed in the Of the church st. Pstrono
and two old towers that OF Asneh, oo7 feet high tho
ofties Italy and built no. and the leaning tower OF
Gsrsenda, l44 feet high with inclination Of eight feet
two inches from the perpendicular The tower OF Asneh
whose inclination s S,z feet from the plumb, 10 high
that from It's top loS cities may be Bologna itself
s only 2cb feet above the level ,f the sea.
The university is q beautiful building, erected by
vignola, and ID ssid to have been founded by Theo-
dcsius the Younger In 42b, and consequently
the most ancient in Earope. IL is richly endowed and
considered thu Mater S.udioum There are
about seventy proesso and from 500 10 600 Students
with public library Of 10000 volumes, among which
rome very manuscripts Bologna b now one Of
the great centres Of public instruction In Italy. Tho
Cathedral ia magnificent edidce OF the 18th and 18th
centuries, decorated With paintings by Caraoci. Bo-
ogna has 100 churches, all OF which adorned with
works OF art The church of San Selano ID one Of The
Oldest in Italy, Near the city Is the celebrated church
called Madonna di st. Lucs, to which leads arcade
three miles in length Bologna has academy Of dne
arts, with rich galleries Of paintings and sculpture;
grand school Of music, observatory, and botanic
garden-one OF the richest in Europe There are
nne private palaces, including built for Ros
SIM, in 1925 number OF wealthy nobility reside in
Bologna and the population ID learned and intelligent.
Altogether is nourishing city, rivalling Rome in all
except ia classic and religious interest," AMI in the extent
Of its museums o. art Bologna was the birthplace o.
the painters Caraoci, Albano Bolouese, Domnichino,
Guido Ren and Of the celebrated natursss and mathe
matcians, Beccar, Nonu, Galvan and NArsgL, besides
eight popes and thirty cardinals. There are several
manufactures in the city Of silk paper artificial fowers
and musical instruments. -
The sausages Of Bologna sent all Europe and
America.
FERRARA.
Feara the chief town Of Legation Of the Papal States,
the residence Of Court celebrated throughput Europe,
and still retains many OF il former grandeur.
But grass grows the pavements and the walls nearly
miles In circumference which contained nearly
100 c0 enclose scarcely one third OF that
number Ravenna iteef hardly fallen than Ferrars
though II was the great commercial emporium OF Italy
during the middle ages Ferrars founded in the nth
century. It Is situated in fertile but unhealthy plain
Of the mouths Of the Pc, which here forms the
hsxrv
II ID only six and half feet above the sea.
During the sixteenth century the Court OF Ferrara,
which was governed by hereditary princes
passed by any other in Europe for It's refinement and
tellsence Its University renowned throughout Chris
tendon, and 30 many English students collected
within It's walls as 70 form, they did in Bologna dis
tnct nationality in that learned body 1t the retreat
Of the immortal Arosto and Taaso the walls OF Tassos
prison. among other names, Is that of Lord Byron,
in pencil.
The CASTLE formerly the ducal palace, surroun aed6
its ample moat, and furnished with towers and brdees,
carries the imagination back to the fortunes Of Feara
during the middle ages-n the heart OF the subjugAted
town, 10 Like tyrant in the midst Of slaves Il q
huge square building defended the angles by four largo
towers.
By the treaty Of Vienna Austria acquired the right Of
occupying the citadel and the small neghborng fortress
of Commachio, since which, till the present. it has been
occupied by an Austrian garrison.
As early as July and August ls47, Austria, in open
violation Of the laws Of nations aud the territory Of the
Pope suddenly doubled the garrison in Ferrara which
she was permitted TO bold by the treaty Of Vienna and
ruled over the people which did belong to her with
military law. Austria had thsn but IS COO in Italy,
and had Plus, who then reformer, like the fighting
Pope OF another century, Julius IL headed the Ita-
LANG against the stranger and usurp he would have
M hat ha
and dplomatzed but did Hght and Austria got the
upper band at last Meantime abe checked and with
drew from the occupation OF the public square and the
gates to her citadel shows how Pope after
wards changed when at that time he positively refused TO
allow Austria to send her troops through the Papa do
mn'ons To the aid Of the King Of Naples, to whom the
Pope subsequently, fed for refuge from the revou.ionss
Of Rome, who would not have harmed him.
ANcoNA.
This fine seaport Of the Adrstc lately occupied By the
Austrans, who fortified It in view Of the approaching
struggle, also in the States Of the Church. and is the
chief city Of Delegation compredendg 5l4 square miles
and population Of ooo 1t in state of revolution
since its evacuation by the Austrians and the Popes
troops which succeeded them, have to shut them
selves up in the fortress The population Of the city
and it, suburbs amounts to $4,000 1t lies southeast OF
Ferraa II has the best harbor the Italian chores Of
the Adratc and s the most important naval station in
the States Of the Church. The city is beautifully stu
ated on the slopes Of natural amphiiheatre. II was
celebrated city in the time Of the Romans, aud o.
cuped by Cesar after the passage Of the Rubicon which
enters the Adriatic this city.
msfamous port was begun by Traan after tha.of Civ.a
veccha. It was enlarged by Clement, who made it a
fee port, as an encouragement to is commerce. which
had declined considerably after the discovery o. the pas
sage TO India BY the Cape has two oles one erected
BY rrsjan, the other by Clement XII The TriumJhal
Arch OF Trojan, the finest marble arch 10 the world
stands on the old MOLE 1t formerly the TO
the old harbor This superb monument Constructed
entirely Of white Grecian marble, and q magnificent
specimen Of the Cornthian order. II erected in
honor Of Traan In liz, by h wife and sister me new
mole ID alao decorated with triumpha arch, erected by
,rhich thouch ana q inferior 10 thu