The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1859-10-31

menis we're moderate
Peace in Europe-Triumph OF tAe satis-
| ncd Nationalities-IsG arribaldi to Gar
! rison ROMcs
| The news from Europe, received yesterday
from Father Point, though without details, d
full of weighty matter in regard to the political
| condition of that continent
A treaty of peace has been signed between
France and Austria another treaty was about
to be signed between France and Sardinia, and
tripartite treaty between these three Powers
| would be signed subsequently. In Italy mat
| tiers, too, are assuming a more pacific aspect
| Deputations from Parma and Tuscany had had
satisfactory interviews with Louis Napoleon.
The Archbishop Of Bordeaux was about to visit
Rome in order to press upon the Pope the
necessity of reform in his government The
Emperor is supposed to have promised not to
withdraw the French troops from Rome until
change in the government renders their presence
no longer necessary, and it is announced
that Louis Napoleon and the Pope will address
joint manifesto to the Roman States.
All this demonstrates that Louis Napoleon
ia perfect master of the situation in Europe.
The terms Of the treaty Of peace be-
tween him and Francis Joseph are said
to be substantially the same as those Of
the armistice at Villafranca that amounts
to the complete resignation by Austria
of the claims she has so long maintained in
Central and a part Of Northern Italy and
secures the erection of an italian power. In
order to appreciate fully the magnitude Of the
gain to Italy and to Europe, we must look back
to the true principles of the war. These were
set down with great frankness by the Austrian
Prime Minister, to Lord Cowley, during his
recent fruitless mission to Vienna, in very
nearly these Words diplomatic arrange
ment is impossible; Louis Napoleon pro-
claims the principle of satisfied nationalities;
we defend the rights of dynasties and the estab-
lished order of things" On these great prin-
oiples war ensued, and the chance of battle
inclined in favor of the nations. The treaty
which Austria has now signed at Zurich ratifes
the award of the sword, and recognises to some
extent the rights of the people. 1t is step
backward in the time-worn claims Of kingcraft
The dynastic assumptions of Austria in Italy
have gone back before the political ideas of
the present age.
The next point where Louis Napoleon shows
himself master of the situation is in the Italian
question. 1t is only few days since that the
Bishop of Bordeaux addressed him a remarka-
BILE speech. The world listened, and said there
is dissension between the French Emperor and
the clergy; he owes his power to their support;
if he loses it now, take care. Louis Napoleon
replied in few words, but to the point as is his
wont:-"What will there be in Rome when l
withdraw my troops-anarchy and terror, or
ofthe clergy; it spread through Europe, throw
ing electric light on the Italian difficulty, and
it must have made the halls of the Vatican trem-
BILE. The priestly speaker at Bordeaux hastens
to Rome to warn the Pope to be we'll with his
people before the French troops CO. Pho Mono
talks no more of an appeal to the Catholic pow
ers and the aid of Divine Providence, but
speaks Of joint manifesto with Louis Napoleon
| to the dissatisfied people of his own States.
| This is the second victory of the principle of
satisfied nationalities in Europe.
Whether the satisfactory interviews Of the
Populations from Parma and Tuscany with Louis
Napoleon indicate any further progress of
the Napoleonic ideas in Europe, we shall soon
know from the course of events. But with
| Austria driven out, and kept out of Italy, we
| shall not be at all surprised to see Garibaldi
take the place of Cardinal Antonelli in Rome,
and the late Chasseurs DIES Alpes sustaining the
| Pope as the head of confederated Central Italy.
| By making the Pope the head of the Italian
| Confederation, two great points will be at
| tanned. A central power will be created with
out establishing new dynasty or disturbing
| any old one; and while an elective choice is
! secured, the Italian people will be freed from
the great dangers that would attend their sud-
den acquisition Of the right of an elective
| government. Such solution is the only logical
answer to Louis Napoleon's question to the
Archbishop of Bordeaux. 1t accounts for the
satisfaction of the Parmese and the Tuscan de-
putations, and prognosticates the entrance of
| Garibaldi into Rome in order to permit the
French troops to evacuate that city without
leaving it the prey to anarchy and terror.
The general Congress of the European Pow
ers which will soon meet is said to embrace
also the secondary powers of Sardinia, Spain,
Sweden, Portugal, Naples and Rome. We do not
see why those of Holland, Belgium, Denmark,
Switzerland and Turkey should be omitted, and
they may perhaps come in. Such a Congress was
always an aim Of the first Napoleon, and we
doubt not is that of the third of that name.
such body will not hesitate to ratify the re-
cent dynastic changes in Italy, and thus remove
any OF the difficulties attending the unfulalled
stipulations of villafranca in relation TO the
return Of the rejected dukes to Italy.
The GREAT EAsrEnS.-Wc learn by the Nova
Scotian, which arrived at Father Point on Sat
urday morning, that a meeting Of the Diroctoro