The daily exchange. [volume] (Baltimore, Md.) 1858-1861, 1859-06-01
EUROPE
LATEST FOREIGN NEWS BY HANNO-
MA, de-
THE POSITION AND PROSPECTS OF TIE
AUSTRIANS IN ITALY.
From the London Times, Nay Is.

From the London Times Nay Isl
The first letter of our correspondent who accom-
panies the Austrian army gives a concise narrative
of the events which have taken place since the first
invasion of the Piedmontese territory three weeks
ago. On the 10th of May the Austrian head quar-
ters at Mortara, Vercei having been aban-
doned and the Sesia recrossed the day before From
intelligence received up to the present time we
learn that the AuStrians have retired from Voghera
and CasteggiO on the south Of the Pc, and there
can be little doubt that the invasion of Piedmont
may now be considered at an end. The conse-
| quences of this movement seem to have been small
indeed in military point of view 1t has hurried
on the war; and so far may have been favorable to
AUSTRIA and it has allowed Gen. Gyuai to strip the
entire east of Piedmont, as far as the Dora Batna
OF all kinds OF provisions and fOrage but the strae
glcal results have been very trifng. From the
accounts we publish it would appear that the Aus
TRANS have all the scientific skill and the COM
| pletenesS of appointment which are attributed to
| them. They constructed bridges, mined MASONRY
| discovered the mines of their adversares marched
and foraged with all the experience of veteran
army. 1t remains to be proved whether these
| qualities are accompanied by that vigor and endu-
rance which will enable them to hold their ground
! against force Of French and Piedmontese which
| perhaps, may soon considerably outnumber them
| All accounts agree that the incessant rains the
rising OF the rivers, and the flooding of the low
| grounds, have been more serious obstacles to the
| Austrians than the defensive dispositions of the
Sardinian Generals. For fortnight the troons of
| General Gyulai seem to have roved where thew
| pleased, from the spurs of the Alps to the plains
| south OF the Pc, and hardly attempt was made
to stop them. Even the artificial inundations which
can be produced in tie low grounds were not ra
| sorted to, and only the powers of nature stemmed
the tide of invasion. But the Austrians. thouoh
affecting great indignation at the three days
| delay imposed on them by diplomatic interference
! may think themselves fortunate in having escaned
| the consequences of march on Turin. They wouId
probably have missed capturing the Sardinian army
| which would either have sought shelter under AIes
sandria and Genoa, fallen back to the most west
| ern limits OF the kingdom, and they would have
| been taken in the rear by the French from AIesson
| dria, while the state of the country would have
prevented a retreat The mere distinction of can
| turing and plundering a capital city would have
| been dearly purchased by such dangers as these
This great army, over which the Emperor Fran
els Joseph himself is shortly to take supreme COM
mand, which is directed by the most distinguished
| generals of the empire, and which is filled with
| officers from the noble houses of Germany is now
shortly to be matched against the democratic levies
! which own the rule of the Emperor Louis Napo-
leon. flebelan vIgor and ambition are to be ptted
| against aristocratic pride. Schwartzenberrs and
! stations Will command in opposition to children of
the people who have passed their lives in barracks
and estdminets, or in the camps of frica The cam
palgn Will have an unusual interest for ourselves
| to whose army are attributed MANY of the facts
winch may diminish the efficiency of the Austrians.
let there is one signal difference between them.-
Among us the individual soldier is of nycellent mo-
terial, and requires only skilful renerashn which
he sometimes fails to find, while the Austrian mill
tary organization Is confesSedy excellent, but the
men, though robust and active, want the spirit
which education, nationality, and common lam
| guage can alone give. The course of the campaipn
it is, of course, impossible to predict Itis onite
probable that the Allies will not respect the neutral
| lty OF farma, although the revolutionary move
ment in that Duchy proved failure and the Ouch
ess,kegent was restored to power by her own army
! and people
| small State has as much right to independence
and neutrality as large one: but then the posses
! sion of Parma and Modena would allow the French
| 10 turn the position OF the Austrians and perhaps
! insure the abandonment of Milan We NAV expect
therefore, either that the territory of these States
VIII De crossed on some preteXt or that disturban-
ces will be iomented produce an imitation of tha
Tuscan revolt. The French can afford to allow the
neutrality OF the Papa States for the Po in its low
! er course is almost impossible against an enemy;
| out tue beginning OF the campaign will probably
coincide with some political movements which will
give the french more extended line of operations
than the course of the ricino. The Austrians
seem to expect an attack on their left for the la
test intelligence represents them hard at work in
! tn e neighborhood of Stradella on the ripht bank
| of the Po little below the confluence of the Tici
no. In this direction the first blow will probably
! be struck.
The only other matter of Importance which has
taken place in Italy within the last few days is the
neglect OF British Post-Cap to salute the fac Of
the Revolutionary Government Of Tuscany when
he repaired to LeghOrn for the protection of British
! subjects. party in this country will no doubt
be disposed to make great grievance of this phi-
| lo-AuStrian conduct-more particularly as it was
| approved, II not directed, by the Government For
our own part, we believe the course taken by Lord
Malmesbury to be consistent with the law of ma
| tons and, In fact the only one open to a Govern
ment with just regard to its own dignity and the
| rights OF its neighbors. The Government of Queen
| Victoria has diplomatic relations with the Grand
Ducal Government, and minister is actually ac-
credited to the Court of Florence. That Govern
ment has been overthrown by a military revolution
instigated beyond doubt bv foreign agency: the
Sovereign and his family have been obliged to quit
the country, and an anamoous double Government
has been established, the civil administration being
conducted by certain parties in Florence while the
| King of Sardinia beligerent in the present war
has taken on himself the military command of the
Dqchy' and Incorporated its army with his own.
In such case, we would ask Where ia the Gov
ernment with which we hold relations? Is il in
Vienna, whittier the Grand Duke has retired. or is
1t in Victor EmanuePs Camp, or is it in Florence
| his Is question which the British Government
might well ask; and they consequently right
| in directing the ''Conqueror' to abstain from anv
| acknowledgment of the revolution. The Grand
Duke is still Grand Duke; he has not been deposed
ne has not aodlcated, he is still Sovereign. The
| Government established in Tuscany does not pre-
tend to be an Independent Governments it ackpowl-
edges that the present state of things only an in
! terregnum, and neither the French Emperor nor
| the King of Sardinia, the new Tuscan authori-
ties, have as yet ventured to say that the reign of
the legitimate ruler has terminated 1t was con-
sequently the bOunden duty of our government to
do nothing which could be hereafter construed
! into recognition of such fact When the pres
ence OF British ship of war was thought necessary
the Conqueror was dispatched to protect or receive
on board British subjects, without in anv wav in
teriering in Tuscan affairs. To salute the flag of
| an Administration cOniessedly Temporary formed
against the will of the SOVEREIGN to whom our
Minister Is accredited, and for the purpose of
making war on State with which we are peace
would be an overt act which might embarraSs our u-
| ture action. But to refrain from Sautinp the new
flag merely means that Government keeps it
self entirely aoof from the political dissensions of
Italy, and waits till either the Grand Duke is re-
stored, or the sovereign authority alienated from
him by his abdIcaOn or the stipulatOns of treaties
The precedents of the last two French Revolutions
do not apply in this case. In 1880 Charles " ap-
pointed the Duke of Orleans Lieutenant of the king
dom and then aodlcated, and the existing authoTi-
ties, the nation being in profound peace called the
! Duke to the vacant throne. This new sovereign
formally notified his accession to the British Gov
ernment, and he was recognized by Lord Aberdeen
! without an hours delay. So in 1913 Louis Philippe
abdicated and after period of anarchy a Republic
was established, which remained unquestioned in
Europe. Lord Normandy then accredited to
the new rulers in the regular way. But the present
! is very different case. The British Government
! has received intmation that tAe Grand Duke
has ceased to reign, that the Duchy has been in
| cOrporated with Piedmont, or that the Kingdom
OF Italy has come into existence. Until competent
Tuscan authorities notify these facts to the Court
| OF st. James they cannot expect it to recognize
any Government but that with which it hitherto
had relations.
THE EMPEROR NAPOLEON AT GENOA.
Correspondence Of the London Tinaes.1
GENOA, May l3.-The opera lone (of which the
very effective iJretto is founded on Bulwers novel
"The Last DAYS of Pompeii') began as usual at s,
to crowded but sadly nattentive house, the thea
tre itself brilliantly lighted and decorated with the
| French and Sardinian tricOlors. Soon after g. and
just before the ballet began, general "hush" run
| ming through the pit warned us of his Malesty's
| approach, and in few minutes he appeared and
came forward at to the front of the box turn
ing slightly pale, it seemed to me, showing thus an
emotion, which, if indeed it existed, can hardly
have been caused by any doubt of his reception
after what had passed during the day. At all
events the huzZas at the Arsenal fade out of nv
mind when think of the tremendous electrical
shout that ran through the theatre, not given in
regular time and for definite object, as is our way
in England, but each voice giving out its separate
| cry of ''Five PEmpereurw 'Fiva PItaia!" or
| "VivaPAlleanzaW and then cheering its own senti-
ment with "Evyiva, Evviva !' repeated indefi
nitely.
Every person in the theatre stood up the ladies
waving their handkerchels, while the men behind
them clapped their hands and cheered compelling
the Emperor to come forward three times to receive
their applause before the ballet was allowed to pro-
ceed Napoleon sat in the centre of the box, which
is not, like the royal box Her Maiestys Theatre
| merely distinguished by its size but is admirably
hted to display its occupants, occupying the centre
OF the second tier OF boxes and bulging forward in
semlclrce IN the house, supported on marble pill
! lars which form the entrance to the pit so that
had every opportunity of examining him carefully.
On his MaJestvs left were the Prince de Cargnan,
Regent of the Kingdom, and Count CavOur; on his
right, Prince Napolean and the French Minister
De la Tour d dAuvergne-the rOyal persOnages only