The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1859-04-11

FREQUENT consultation uneasy state OF tho mo.
uatcns Ut bone made particularly desirable for them to
sovereiaus hasing tor lie object the suppression OF
hbea, tm,pi, add rivetDg more closely the chains
0f the people was uo
CoNGgEss OF AIx-LA-cHApELLE, 1918.
nj this Congress, which met the 18th Of November,
lsB no we're openly concerted for supervising
tho hsssal movements in Germany, provoked by the bad
saib Of the different governmeB's yet the apprehensons
excited by ,btte popular Manifestations mad been cneny
Instrumental ID provoking the conference and was there
determined 70 reac tboee concessions Oh con
sttuto0al privileges which had been originally pr omsea
CoNGREss OF CARLSBAD, 1919.
Tho diplomatic conferences which are known by tois
title commenced their spgs the 10th September 1872
at Carlsbad Bohemia Their objects, as explained BY
Prince keternch who presided, were, TO ca the atten
ton Of the Couede acy tho political which
existed throughout Germany, 10 agree on certain num-
Der o additional disp0sons TO the federal constitution,
and 70 deliberate the means OF ropressing the "
menus set foot by native and foreign Liberalism
Amongst The points 0stncty specified for c0nsdera
tiou were following The uncertainty and conse
quepy false interpretation To tho sense and mean
ing of the 18th Of the Confederation ID Incorrec.
ideas as 70 rights Conederased Det aud the 10
'suffciency OF the means 70 exercise those rights.
3d. The faults of the schools add the system O.
instr ucton. 4ih. The abuse Of the press and,
particularly the mischief effected by w'papers
and pamphlets The Congress decided upon me sures Of
and repression Ia regard to tue universities
as well for the professors for the students Il ore
scribed censorship applicable 70 all works having
central commission Of Msyence TO follow and deteat inc
plots Of demag0sues througlon Germany II dxsd an
enecve mooe OF execution iar .ne oecons " sao %
article OF the feoera act The articles OF Carlsbad OF
the 20h September S9 became by the decision OF the
18th May, 1920, the laws OF the Confederation.
SECOND CONGRESS OF VIENNA, 1920.
The second Congress Of Vienna Immediately followed,
Nav 49, 1920 and produced the final act Of tho Con-.
federation heterogeneous composition, the design Of
which was 10 annu by the spirit, while
kept within tho letter Of the act Of 1875 No one Of s
articles in favor Of popular liberty had ever been enforced
but all those against it had been executed
tousy, and now pasaded anew in the proo
fore the Fom this it learned that tho DE.
Offended OF ,be journals and pamphlets VII CHI mum
dated the country and with the abuse Of liberty of soeecb
in the legislative chambers invoked the 18TH OF
the federal Of 1876 which declared that uniform laws
should be eslab sbed TO liberty Of tho an
at the time stated that until all the governments
should ~ establishing such laws, the decree Of
Carlsbad (eIaeuber 90, 1919, abolish ny liberty Of the
press should To be regularly executed hroun
out the Conlede alton IT, after this the should be
enabled 10 sustain ITSELF IL WE'LL prt If not, Austria
end Prussia ~onld at the invitation Of one OF tn COZ
federated States, poy every nj their dis for
the ami execution OF the federal consrtu
&C. The important point to be observed Is the atli
tude gradually umeo hy the Allied Powers aud s
nparkAbe Influence upon the public policy OF Europe Toe
contracting parties represented themselves as charged
with the genera sopefDtendence Of tranquility, al chm
Tacerized their combination against the revolutionary
spirA OF Europe the natural continuation Of that al.
lance ~hch by whelming the power of Napols
had restored the ace o! the world. The result was
perpetual league Of crowned heads, which, orig ua,y
d,rect spnust lice Sc was toon made available
liberty Intervention upon tnese principles 10 the
nal affairs OF Independent State was proclaimed d''v
incumb. upon the Allied Governors Of the world and
suict the UNION hus contracted, ana so hea y
OF purpose, that II expected tn
and tumuits would never again be found aiictng
nations dehron ny kings. BY this Congress tn
Of the powers conferred the Diet by the federal act Of
1916 fully defined by additional act CON
posed Of one hundred different articles signed May TO-
1890 ratified by the Diet at Frankfort the 6h Of
June Oi the same year.
CONGRESS OF TRoPPAU, 1920.
In this Congress, which took place from October to De-
cember 1920 the assembled Powers-Austra Russia and
Prussa-announced the principle Of armed intervention.
This decision claimed TO have been provoked by the
revolutions Of Spain, Portugal and Naples but, has al
ready been it had long previously been fixed idea
with the Continental despots The object Of the delbera
tions also TO effect compact between the great
Powers that they would acknOa edge any constitution
which should deviate from the legitimate monarch,ca
standard. England and France endeavored TO establish
The system oil neutrality. Great Brtan expressed her
10 take part Ia any measures of violence
only upon Certain conditions, which were, how
ever, refused by Austria, Russia and Prussia,
these Powers were resolved TO use force N put
down the osurrectonaiy spirit 1t was further resolved
at Trcppsu, that in should actually break
With Naples, austria should carry it on alone, while Rus
sa acd Prussia pledged themselves to keep watch the
rest Of Europe, ana guaranteed the security 0 the Aus
TRAN States.
CONGRESS OF LAyBACH, 1921.
The Congress Of Lay bach held from the 26th Janua
ry 1921, TO May Of the year. THIS assembly forms
conspicuous epoch in the history OF European politics,
IL here that the right Of armed intervention agreed
upon at rroppau, was regularly proclaimed and diploma
tay admitted into the international code OF the European
Continental Powers The consequences Of this Congress
were that the allied Powers issued a proclamation
sgaps, Naples were the occupation OF Naples Sicily and
Pieomopt oy Austrian armies, tne apoioh OF t1e spanish
constitution those COUNTRIES ard the restoration Of
old of things Sich armed nterveDoDs arose from
the fellow feeling Of sosereRns, who claimed the right Of
assisting eoob otD.r against Their subjects aud Directly 70
right Ct in ep ndent development which
belones u the character OF a Dauos.
IL natural consequ, OF the Holy Alliance, aud
the congresses Of rulers their representatives., Assem-
bed only prop the pillars of despo Such u step
not only rontraycnei the rights o. other ne itra natl
but violation Of the second article OF The
Collaboration, established by the Congress Of
Vienna In 1876 which guaranteed the Independence and
invioiabiilty oi each Oh The German ST ites."
CONGRESS- OF VERONA, 1922.
The Congress which held 10 Verona from October to
December, 1922 had for motive the troubles in the South
Of Europe. The Emperors of Austria and Russia the
King of Prussia and those Of the Two Settles and Sardinia
with several Italian princes, present at it, England
represented by the Duke Of Wellington France by the
Duo DE Mortmorenc and the VIcomte de Cnate
In these conferences presided by Prince Metternch
the Connebta Powers authorized France 10 scud
into Spain re.esab SD the monarchy aud promised to
support her In case OF Deed England, however, having
refused her consent the violent that
tempated, President OF the French Council OF Min
listers having declared himself in favor of tue maintenance
of peace the French government opened negotiations with
the Cores the willingly from the fact Nina had
Just beaten IN Cataoni, the Army OF the Faith With
gard the differences which bad arisen between Russia
and the Porte resolved that ultmaum should DO
presented 10 tho Sultan through tue English issador,
which would be complete fudlmen of the treaty Of
Bucharest But the other hand the Greek insurgents
let TO their tate and their deputies not received
was decided moreover that the Austrian troops should
entirely Piedmont and that the corps of
curaton Of Naples should be considerably reduced Some
were also adopted against the secret societies
finally it resolved to continue the conferences at Paris
in re alton to the Spanish question.
CONGRESS OF PARIS 1867.
The facts of the Eastern question fresh
within the recollection Of readers that II is scarcely
necessary for recaptuate them was towards the
end of August 1853, that the first Vienna note deli