The daily exchange. [volume] (Baltimore, Md.) 1858-1861, 1859-07-30
BY TIE EUROPA.
IS ITALY FREE 4?
T From the LOndOD Times -U,y, 1G

IS ITALY FREE?
From the London Times, July IG.1
, Inc great conjuror Of the age fought three bat
ties, and had an hours conversation with vanouisb
ed Austria; and lo at the end of this short confer
ence Lombardy is at ccded to France and italy
becomes a confederation under the honorary presi-
Gency OF the Pope; The changes are so swift
that the eye is dazzed. We cannot seize the form
Immediately presented to the brain, before the i'm
age Is gone, and another takes its place. few
days ago we were talking of Congress to prevent
tne war. week ago the world was specuIatinp
ABOUT the chances of Austria successfully resisting
France. The battles had their turn Then thar
tremendous quadrateral occupied all tbourbts.-
But yesterday down went all speculations and con-
lectures and interest in camps and cannon and two
new European Kingdoms stood in full existence.
created in couple of hours. stamped on the nublic
mind by the vibration of telegraph wire ssThe
emperor OF Austria cedes the Kingdom of Lombar-
dy to the Emperor of France" Austria then has
been thoroughly beaten out of her old cbaracferis
tc oostlnacy. Peschera and Verona Mantua and
Legnago, the line of the Adige and the leapues of
nemce-all are abandoned and all are given up
Francis Joseph candidly and without reticence con-
tesses himself, as Mr.. Golden would saw "crumpled
up. de at once and with his 300 900 men goes right
out OF Italy, and Italy relieved from his weight.
swe'ls up into an independent confederation.
HOW can we show face to the world with
such news as this upon our broad sheet? What has
the Times now to say in defence of its ungenerous
suspicious? How shall we max. our apology to
the much-calumniated Emperor Of the French p
the friends of liberty whom we were weak enough
to warn? Humble recantation is all that is left to
us. Let us, then, join the Radicals of England the
CaroonaTl OF Italy, the eXiles Of Poland, and the
great political apostle of Hungary, in singing the
gories of Napoleon Ill! Let us--although the
last OF his converts, and scarcely meet to be called
convert-let us swallow in shame all our ungener-
Gus misgivings and rejoice that now and in very
deed Italy is free from the Alps to the Adriatic
But, soft! In this rush of telegrams-in this
Josthng OF quick messages that from all parts
OF the world and mingle the voices of all European
capitals, there are some sounds that Jar upon the
general joy. What can be the meaning of this new,
announcement-what can be the nature of this
bitter drop, which causes the foam of enthusiasm
to subside, and curdles our warm mantlinr sympa.
tines? Italy must be free, for the Emperor has
said it, and who but the unbeicving, ungenerous.
untrusting Times hesiates to believe the EmperorP
let, TINS enthrOnement Of the Pope, and this
restoration of the Grand Dukes, and this
retention of Venetia and the Mncio bv Austria. ig
an altered version of the first message from the
Emperor to the Empress. Yes, Italy is free But
1t Is tree not in democratical constitutional
or popular sense, but in Napoleon sense Free
dom Is word of many meanings and it often
takes color from the reflex of the interests of the
man who rules it. Freedom in Sparta did not
mean that the Helots were not to be put tn death
II they grew too numerous or too troublesome
Freedom in Italy does not mean that the nbabi-
tants are to have any voice in their own govern
ment. Italy is free, but it is free under Imperial
conditions. She is free, and she must be satisfied
So also is Venice free. She is free under Austria
What more can she want? Surely she has not the
folly to dream Of the days of Dandoo. Austria
will perhaps give her one of Austria's own Arch
dukes; and an army, whose bands shall enliven the
Piazza San Marco and well-dressed officers, who
shall add to the picturesque costumes that give life
to the scene in that magnificent square. Is Venice
discontented Then she does not know what free
dom is, as Napoleon knows and as our ultra liberal
friends in England know. But let her not speak
foolish discOntens too loudly Ii is only a slice of
Lomoardy which has been handed over to Sardinia
-"Lombardy to the line of the Mincio" Betwiyt
the Cline" of the Mincio and Vene.ia there are two
large rivers which run down to the Po,
and the land watered by those rivers is thick
with frst-cass fortresses. 1t is the old Austrian
IRON gate by which she entered Italy at her will; it
IS the lair OF Austrian despOtism to which she re-
tired when there danger in the plains Hence
she could speed her tens of thousands to crush any
nascent exposition of discomfort. Ye free Sandman
Lombards, who enjoy your freedom under the
shadow OF the western walls of these great for
tresses, and We liberated Venetians who as YOU
cultivate your continental possessions, can look up
to cannon that frOwn upon those eastern bastions
be not too loud in your free talk This country also
IS free 1t lies between the Alps and Adriatic and
1t must be free. With Venice, it shares the honor
of being free under Austria. But it is free as a
pure Austrian pOssession-an outpost Of the Tyroi,
advancing like a wedge right into the BODY of
Northern Italy. The true freedom for which the
Tnscans and Modenese were fighting consists in
taking back their old rulers, and, if their Grand
Dukes had known their true interests, they would
u,
that OF the Austrian Emperor. Hippias is goino
back to Athens again-tha freedom of Athens re-
quires his restoration.
Archbishop Whately insists that half the quar-
reis OF the world arise from inattention to its
loglc-people will not mind their definitions. This
is the cause of the difference that separated us
some time ago from the English Radicals and Ita-
ian sympathizers. If they had only defined what
they meant by Italian liberty, and defined il in the
sense in which it appears, we should never
have doubted the intentions of Louis Napoleon to
give it them. Without being extreme in our SYM
pathIes for Italy we must confess that if we had
sent Lord Stratford or Lord Clarendon to Con
gress to do what England could for Italy, and If
Lord Stratford or Lord Clarendon had come back.
waving his hat and shoutng' "Italv is free r' and
if it turned out that he had left Austria at Peschi
era at Mantua aud at Venice, and had forced back
the Grand Dukes upon Tuscany and AIodeua. and
that this was what he called Italian freedom, we
should have been very much tempted to cry out
Justify for the impeachment of Lord Stratford or
Lord Clarendon as traitor. If we had auv notion
that this was what NJ. Kossuth, and the gen
tleman OF Birmingham, and other idolaters of
the Emperor Napoleon desired, think we
would have got it for them without strewing
Italy with corpses and crOwding the hospitals will
miserable mangled soldiers There is nothing in
all this which might not have been wrung from
Austria by force and diplomacy. 1t ought not to
hurt her PRIDE and greatly increases her STRENGTH
She is relieved of the trouble of governing one tur-
bulent and expensive province, and she retains the
power of devastating it whenever she NAV plpasa
whale Austria is all weapon-Italy is all prey.
Such are the consequences of people not being in
accord as to the of the words thev use But
must, in justice 20 ourselve, explain that the
error has not been ours alone. The man of all men
who should have understood the Emperor Nano-
leon, the man who of all men understands the cansa
of Italy, the who of all men Italy hailed as he-
statesman she hailed his master as her Cham
pion-Count CayOur-was, like ourselves, deceived
the free Italy that he imagined was verv unlike
that which the two Emperors have devised. and in
disgust he has retired from the high position hn
has so long filed unable to meet the reproacbes of
those whose hopes he had excited, and whose in
dignation he has so much cause to dread.
THOUGHT A BEAUTIFIER.-A writer in the Home
journal thinks that mental activity tends to keep
the body young.
1--WE were speaking of handsome men, the other
evening, and was wondering why X. had lost his
beauty for which FIVE years ago he was famous 80,
it's because he never did anything said b. 'he
never worked, thought, suffered You must nave
the mind chiseling away 1.-THE features you want
handsome middle-aged men, Since nearing that
remark l have been on the watch TO see Whether II
is generally true, and it is. \ handsome man VINO
does nothing bnt eat and drink grows habby, and
the fine lines of his features are lost but the hard
thinker has an admirable sculpt atwork, keeping
his lines in repair, and constantly going over his
face TO improve the original design"
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