davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Evansville daily journal. [volume] (Evansville, Ia. [i.e. Ind.]) 1848-1862, 1859-09-05
Annual Fairs.

United States Fair, Chicago, Sept. 9 to 10
! STATE FAIRS.
! Indiana at New Albany, Sept. 26 to Oct.
Ohio. mt GAINESVILLE, Sept. 20 to 23.
Kentucky, at Lexington, Sept. l3 to IL.
Illinois, nj Freeport, Sept. 5 to 8.
Michigan. at Detroit, 0c. 4 to G. 54-- al
Iowa, at uskaloosa, Sept. 81 to 80.
New York, at Albany, Oct. 4 ~.
California, at Sacramento, Sept. q to Oct.
Vermont, at Burlington, Sept ID to l6.
Maine, ut Augusta, Sept. - to IL.
Maryland, at Frederick City, Sept. Is to 20
Wisconsin, at Milwaukee, Sept. 20 to 30.
Alabama, at Montgomery, Nov. 10 to Is.
Canada West, ut Kingston, Sept. ~ to 30.
Georgia, at Atlanta Oct. "a to 20.
Missouri, at ST. Louis, Sept. &c to Oct. !.
New Hampshire, at Dover, Oct. s to u.
New Jersey, at Elizabeth, Sept. % to 80.
Pennsylvania, at Phil, Sept. q 10 30.
Tennessee, at Nashville Oct 5 to 7.
Western Va, at Wheeling, Sept Ii to 10.
Nebraska, at Nebraska City, Sept. 81 70 %.
COUNTY FAIRS sst 30
Marion, at indianapolis, Sept. 10 TO "a.
Sullivan, at Carlisle, Sept. IA to l6.
Huntington, at Huntington,
Parke and Vermillion, at Montezuma, Sept.
13to l6.
Putnam, Parke and Montgomery, ut Russell
Vile, Aug. 80 to Sept 2.
Boone, at Lebanon, Oct. l3 to %.
Fulton, at Rochester, Oct. IA to 10. w..
Whitley, at Columbus City, Oct. Ia to IL.
Washington, at Salem, Sept. l3 To lG.
Marshall, at Plymouth, Oct. IL 20 ii.
Hamilton, at Noblesville, -
Putnam, at GreenCastle, Sept. 5 to o.
Dearborn. at Lawrenceburgh, Sept. 90 to go.
Henry, at New Castle, Sept. 14sto l6.
Wabash, at Wabash. Oct. too.
Hendricks, mt Dauville, Sept. l3 to IL.
Wells, at Button, Oct. to 8.
Rush, at Nashville, Sept. Is to l6.
Fayette, at Connersville, Sept. o.
Shelby, at Shelbyvile, Sept. . to 10.
Rush, Henry and Hancock, at Kuightstown,
Aug. 81 TO Sept. =.
Decatur, at Greensburg, Sept. IL TO l6.
Spencer, at Rockporr, Sept. 2Oto -.
Pulaski, at Winucnac, Oct. 20, 10 70.
Posey, at New Harmony, Oct. - To u.
Johnson, at Franklin, Sept. II To "a.
Dckalb, at Auburn, Oct. IL to 10.
Lawrence, at Bedford, Sept. . To 3.
Miami, at Peru, Oct. 3 to 8.
Hancock, at Greenfield, Sept. II TO %.
Warrick, at Boonville, Oct. 4 to s.
Morgan, at Martiusville, Oct. 8 TO 8 ..-.--
Jefferson. at North Madison, Sept 20to 90.
Tippecanoe, tat Lafayette, Sept 20 to %.
Laporte, AT Ldporte, Oct. TO Z.
Ohio and Switzerland, at Enterprise, Sept.
20 to 23
Fountain and Warren, at Attica, Sept. Ia
to l6.
Bartholomew, at Columbus, Oct. to g.
Porter at Valparaiso Oct. to 5
Southwestern Indiana Dist. Fair, at Evans
vile, Oct. 3 to Z.
The Evansville daily journal. [volume] (Evansville, Ia. [i.e. Ind.]) 1848-1862, 1859-09-05
NEWS BY TELEGRAPH,
Last Nights Dispatches.

avn -.-.-
New YORK, Sept. 3--PH
sNrhc Heraid says, among the arrivals at
the Clarendon Hotel in this city, We are
pleased TO record that Of the Hon. Grantley
Berkely, the celebrated English hunter and
sportsman. This gentleman visits the Uuit-
ed States for two purposes. His first is to
proceed To the West to hunt the elk, ante
lope, and other animals For this purpose
he has brought his hounds. His next in
tentiou is TO visit the Western farms and
Plantations, and to witness the operations
carried on upon them in regard to the care
and rearing OF stock. There can be no
doubt that the Honorable gentleman will
meet with warm reception from the people
of the West, who will gain great deal of
Information from him concerning English
sports, while on his part he will not fail to
gather some useful lessons from the Ameri-
can sportsmen. ~s
The Evansville daily journal. [volume] (Evansville, Ia. [i.e. Ind.]) 1848-1862, 1859-09-05
nar Napoleon the Third has exhibit.

p4r Napoleon the Third has exhibited
his usual tact and judgment of the feelings
of his people, in making the following point
in the policy to be pursued: -
Frst-The official announcement, in the
NoAiteur, Of full and entire amnesty To all
persons sentenced for political offences, or who
have been the object of any measures taken
for the public security. go
Second-The despatch to the great pow
ers, declaring that France would not assist
the seIf-exiled Princes to return TO their do
minions by force, nor permit Austria, or any
other power, to afford them military aid for
that purpose.
This will go great ways to disarm the
Red Republican opposition to his Villafran-
ca treaty, which was gradually and surely
gaining ground. In the great majority OF
cases the political exiles will become his
firmest adherents, while the declaration that
he will not permit Austria or any other
power to force the selfexiled Italian prince:
upon an unwilling people, will once more
arouse the enthusiasm of the Italians in hi.
favor. Like a skilliul mariner, he heeds tn,
slightest Indications of an approaching
storm, and takes the only measures that viii
most completely disarm the rising iadigna
ton.
The Evansville daily journal. [volume] (Evansville, Ia. [i.e. Ind.]) 1848-1862, 1859-09-05

nA- The Aurora Borealis seems to have
been unusually beautiful in Long Island
Sound, as seen from the harbors of Fairfield
Bridgeport, and Stratford. In the harbor
of the last town the night was So bright that
it was found almost impossible to fish for
sturgeon, sport which is reneralI, most
successful on a dark night, when bright
light is carried in the bow OF the boat, and
the doomed fish is caught mapping. On
Monday morning last, between three and
four O'Clock, the light was SO great AS to
allow the fishermen To distinguish the men
on board vessels at three miles and a half
distance IL was easy to read by this North
ern light, and certainly never was grander
sight seen than this fiery spectacle of the
Heavens all through Connecticut.
The Evansville daily journal. [volume] (Evansville, Ia. [i.e. Ind.]) 1848-1862, 1859-09-05

pE- The U. s. Marshal of Arkansas re-
Gently arrested a half-breed Indian in the
Cherokee territory for the murder of white
man in Arkansas. While the Marshal with
his assistants were conveying the prisoner
to Fort Smith for trial, party OF Chero-
kee Indians attacked the Marshal's party
and rescu ed The murderer. The act has
caused some excitement about Fort Smith,
and it. is made the occasion to demand a
change in the Organization of the Indian
territory and n change of the intercourse
laws. 80 y 90. -LaE .....l.
The Evansville daily journal. [volume] (Evansville, Ia. [i.e. Ind.]) 1848-1862, 1859-09-05
River Items.
ARRIVALS AND DErArruREs-raox S o'clorx FRIDAY

IyALsAND DEPARTUREs-FRoA o'ctorxf.iDAf
TILL O'CLOCK SATURDAY.
Poland, Louisville to Henderson.
Time, Tenn. River to Louisville -lrr- l.
:. 2. Hibbard, Louisville to Cairo.
Poland, Henderson to Louisville.
Greenyile, b. Green TO Evansville. -Irr -- 81.
Helena, ferry boat, passed down.
John Bell, Louisville to Memphis.
Kate May, Cincinnati to do.
Greenwich Evansville to Louisville. r.-t q b q
Aila, Canneiton to Evansville. re
Saturday was rainy, disagreablc day
1t was almost an imposSibility 10 transact
outdoor business, and, consequently, affairs
on the landing were gloomy enough. The
river continued to fall little, but the guam
tity of rain that fell during the day must.
we think, occasion another rise. This will
be quite disappointment to the low water
packets, who were making their calcula-
tons on at least one month more of low
water.
The Done was at the landing all day Sat-
urday, receiving freight as she could get it
slipped in between the showers. She re-
manned until after the arrival of the even-
ing train, and then showed out for Cairo
Her trip was only moderate one-consist-
ing mostly of flour.
The GreenglLe left on Saturday afternoon
for Louisville, where she is to undergo some
repairs. She will probably be absent for
couple of weeks before she will resume her
place in the Green river trade.
The Aida came iu on Saturday evening
with light trip.
The Union was due, and probably arrived,
last evening.
The magnificent light draught passenger
steamer .HkyeT Sf1r-the IT, s. mail packet
will leave punctually TO day at o'clock
on arrival OF the cars Any one who has
never Travelled on the Star can hardly re-
alize that so small n packet would furaiSh
such splendid fare and accommodations as
are always to he found on that steamer
She permits no boatEtU excel her in making
travellers feel comfortable. rT.
The iHdd leaves for Cannelton at 10
o'clock. Persons residing in Boonviile
or any of the little towns a short distance
from the river, may not be aware that they
can have their freight taken up by the
AIdd and landed at Newburg or other
towns on the river that may be neareast
at n much less cost than to have it dragged
all the way from Evansville through the
mud. The real benefit the little packet is
to the farming community is not fully APP
preclated, because its accommodations have
not beea fully appropriated. Shippers
will please have their freight on hand in
lime, as Capt Deshler desires to leave as
well rs arrivc-punctually -t ar#. d
The Evansville daily journal. [volume] (Evansville, Ia. [i.e. Ind.]) 1848-1862, 1859-09-05
CHICAGO, Sept. 3-P

The strike on the Michigan Southern
Railroad still continues. A delegation of
the strikers went to Adrian to-day for the
purpose of arranging matters. Up to seven
o'clock this evening no compromise had been
effected. During the negotiations no trains
were allowed to run. A meeting of the
citizens of Laporte, last night, expressed
sympathy for the employees and offered them
assistance, pecuniarily or otherwise. Mr..
Bliss, the President, arrived at Adrian this
evening.
The Evansville daily journal. [volume] (Evansville, Ia. [i.e. Ind.]) 1848-1862, 1859-09-05
ST. Louis. Sept. 3-p n

The AMMONIA correspondent of the Re-
publican writing from Tubac, August 18th,
says the Express from Magdaneta brings in
teiligence that Independence is about to be
declared by Sonora, at Chiahuahua. Gov
Pesquierc has been placed at the head of al
fairs for some time. He has been reserving
large supplies of cannon, small arms and
and has increased the army
nearly 1000 men. v ss- .s-,
The Evansville daily journal. [volume] (Evansville, Ia. [i.e. Ind.]) 1848-1862, 1859-09-05
AYEP'S ACHE CHEZ.

which neutraiizes this maarious psisen in the
blood and stimulates the liver to expel il from the
body. As il should, it does cure this affecting
disorder with perfect certainty. And il does more,
or rather does what Is OF more service to those SUBJ
jet To this infection. Ii taken in season il expels
IL from the system il is absorbed, aud thus keeps
those who it free from its attacks; keeps
the system in health although exposed 10 the dis
ease. Consequently it not only cures, but protects
from the great variety of affections which in
duced by this malignant influence, such as Remit
tent Fever, Chill Fever, Dumb or Masked Ague,
Periodical Headache Billions Headache, Bilious
Fevers, Neuralgia, Rheumatism, Gout, Blindness,
ToOthache, Earache, Catarrh, Asthma, Palpita-
tions, Painful Affections of the Spleen, Mysteries,
Collie, Paralysis and Painful Affections of the Stom-
ach and Bowels, all of. which, when arising from
this cause, will he found 10 assume or less of
the Intermittent type. This s'AGUE CURE" removes
the cause of these arrangements, and cures the
disease.
This it accomplishes by stimulating the excreto-
ries to eXpel the virus from the system aud these
organs by degrees become habited To do this their
Office of their own accord. Hence arises what we
term deciindtion. Time may accomplish the same
end but often life is pot long enough or is sacri-
feed in the attempt, while this ''AGUE CURE does
it at once and with safety. We have great reason
10 believe this is surer well safer remedy
for the whole class Of diseases which are caused by
the miasmatic infection than any other which has
been discovered and il has still another important
advantage to the public, which is, that it is cheap
well as good.
Z RAJ Prepared by DIR. J. &. AVER CO., Lowell,
Mass. Price One Dollar per Bottle.
B0- Sold 10y KELLER WHITE, Evansville,
aud 10y all Druggists and Merchants throughout
this country mar22-d6weow
The Evansville daily journal. [volume] (Evansville, Ia. [i.e. Ind.]) 1848-1862, 1859-09-05
Evansville Library Association.

At ut Il meeting of the Directors of the
Association, held on the evening of the ID
Sept, it was $50 ..s" E
Resotred, That The Librarian give public
notice that the Library will be closed on
Monday, the 5th September, for the purpose
of re-srranging the books and making up
new and classified catalogue, with the
view of printing the same : Therefore no
books will be issued from this Library until
further notice, and all persons having books
out will please return the same at early n
date ns practicable.
The Reading Room will he kept open as
usual. JOHN +. CRISP, Lib'n.
The Evansville daily journal. [volume] (Evansville, Ia. [i.e. Ind.]) 1848-1862, 1859-09-05
30 To the Public.
IHyMR PAST WsE.N.TER .A.N.D SPRING


! II SO far, have been wet ones, causing many
of our rivers TO overflow their banks, back
ing up the water in the creeks aud bayous, and
no6dng TO n considerable extent the bottom
lands; when the rivers recede, which may be ex-
pected soon then the large surface of decaying veg
etabe matter exposed TO the scorching rays OF the
summer sun, produces the malaria, which proves
80 fatal In its course, sweeping whole States, AMI
sparing neither age nor sex in its conquering
march. -r = 80 p ~ .t -. go a G
After residence of more than twenty years in
the middle and Southern States, we think we have
discovered a medicine which, to certain extent,
is preventative Of the attacks Of billions fever,
ague. &C., and rs such We recommend our Magnolia
Whisky. |-.la
We wish the public To understand that
not urging upon them the use OF strong Liquors as
abeverage. We are and always have been, opposed to
their being used in that way but IL people will use
them as such, let them have 10y all means
pure article. that will keep them In health, and
lsngthen instead of shortening their lives. We pro-
pose to sell always pure AMI unadulterated Liquors
for medicinal purposes, and little for the stom-
achs sake, il required. and will challenge an in
spection by the best chemists in this or any other
the whisky branded by US, Sails & Howe's Mag
uolia" II Is warranted, IL is distilled from the
corn, rye, wheat, with slight addition of good
cistern water. We have no doubt many persons
have been ruined i'm health, IL not actually killed, py
drinking bad whisky, the greater the reason that
Allis 4 lIowes' pure Magnolia should be in gem
cral use. Just received and in store for sale
10 y pipes assd Brandies (old) from To- 81 q gal
W = pipes do (oll) from 10 81 2 gal,
pipes Holland Gin 3 pnncheons old Rum.
APIS ALLIS X HOWES. Wafer st.
The Evansville daily journal. [volume] (Evansville, Ia. [i.e. Ind.]) 1848-1862, 1859-09-05
Az ExrRAoRplNARx FIr OF EcOxoMY..

An EXTRAORDINARY FIT OF EcoNOMY.-
y letter from Washington says:
Great CONSERVATION prevails among NIL
parties having accounts TO settle with the
Departments, occasioned by the strngency
with which the auditing rules are applied
at the Treasury. Foreign ministers, con-
suls, contractors and disbursing officers in
all branches of the public service, and mar
sllals. postmaSters, and collectors, are all in
the same boat. Suspicious have long been
abroad that large sums are constant
~ distracted from the public purse, by
means OF fraudulent, forced or stretched
vouchers, and some Of them are now veri-
flying. Fabulous sums are demanded and
vouched for under the heads of clerk hire,
copying, translatihg, &C. which are evil
IDENTIFY intended to cover expenses for wines
dinners horse hire, &c, not auditable. The
| President is determined TO hold all officers
/ accounts 10 the strictest scrutiny. and where
frauds are attempted, to reject the claim:
and prosecute the offender. He blandly in
forms his friends that he doubts not they
will get all they are entitled to, but does no
interfere with the duties Of the Auditors.
The Evansville daily journal. [volume] (Evansville, Ia. [i.e. Ind.]) 1848-1862, 1859-09-05
ss- The Charlottesville Repubi;eon saws

D6T The Charlottesville Repubtieon says
the Republicans of Montgomery county are
in favor of an alliance between all parties of
the Opposition in 1860, with platform
broad enough for all. Also, there is a strong
feeling in that part of the State in favor of
the nomination of Judge Bates, of Missouri,
for the Presidency, and Judge Morton seems
to- be the favorite candidate for Governor.
The Evansville daily journal. [volume] (Evansville, Ia. [i.e. Ind.]) 1848-1862, 1859-09-05
suy- The Alton Courier publishes an ac-

soBr The AlIon Courier publishes an az
count OF the mysterious disappearance of
four farmers from Portage DIES Sioux, who
had sold their wheat ia Alton and received
their money for it. They were last seen on
Tuesday evening of last week, since which
no trace Of them has been found. Foul
play is suspected. Efforts are being made
10 clear up the mystery.
The Evansville daily journal. [volume] (Evansville, Ia. [i.e. Ind.]) 1848-1862, 1859-09-05

s1s" The result of the New York hog
war, up to this date, may be summed up in
round numbers as follows: Hogs driven
out of the Island, 1900; piggeries torn
down, 1000. The 18th and I'D Wards are
the only ones remaining to be purged, and
that work will probably be done this week.
The Evansville daily journal. [volume] (Evansville, Ia. [i.e. Ind.]) 1848-1862, 1859-09-05
p@On Friday night we had for short

eT On Friday night we had for a short
time q very brilliant display of the Aurura
Borealis in the Northern heavens. 1t was
not as glorious or desirable an exhibition as
our Northern friends describe, but it was as
good as we ever have in these lower regions,
under the edge of the slave cloud, where,
according to the abolitionists' geography,
we have our habitations. ~ .-
The Evansville daily journal. [volume] (Evansville, Ia. [i.e. Ind.]) 1848-1862, 1859-09-05
nSr. AT the recent destructive fire anon

the oil merchants in New Bedford, Mass.
the cutters run with whale oil from the
bursting and burning casks. The people
scooped itup, and saved large quantities.
They were allowed seyenty-fve per cent.
salvage. Several hundred barrels were saved,
and the salvors made good days work. 9
The Evansville daily journal. [volume] (Evansville, Ia. [i.e. Ind.]) 1848-1862, 1859-09-05

b~ Mr.. J. Perry Elliott, after having
spent the summer pleasantly with his friends
in Wisconsin, has returned and taken charge
of his Gallery, No. As Main street, where
his friends and all who appreciate 6rst-rate
pictures viii be glad to call upon him.
The Evansville daily journal. [volume] (Evansville, Ia. [i.e. Ind.]) 1848-1862, 1859-09-05
CINc1xNArt, Sept. 3

a Flour continues as reported yesterday
Superfine 50@ GO. No change in grain.
Market quiet for all descriptions of produce.
Whisky 23c aud steady. Provisions held
more firmly, but buyers views do not cor
respond to sellers. The asking figures for
cut meats are u for bacon shoulders; 94@
81 for sides. Bulk shoulders g.; mess pork
Sl4,0O.
The Evansville daily journal. [volume] (Evansville, Ia. [i.e. Ind.]) 1848-1862, 1859-09-05

LAST YEAR's CoTroS REcEIPTs.-The
FIRST of September is the date for making
up the annual statements of the receipts and
export of cotton.
At New Orleans, the total receipts for the
year ending the lst inst. were l,672,Sl4
bales. The receipts ahead of last year are
lOO,4o5 bales. Total exports l,777, OoO.-
Stock on hand 26,c2a bales. ss
At Mobile. the total receipts for the year
were 704, 400 against 522. s45 bales last
year. Increase, lsl, 555. In the year 1918
the total receipts at Mobile were only 1900
bales. r.-- ..-
At Memphis, the receipts for the last year
were $4,000 bales against 243,oOo last
year. Increase, 80, 900 bales.
The Evansville daily journal. [volume] (Evansville, Ia. [i.e. Ind.]) 1848-1862, 1859-09-05

H1r Ex-President Pierce, who recently
arrived in Boston from his European tour
was greeted with grand scramble of well
come in that city. He made short speech,
eulogiIing Mr.. Choate and his native land,
which was warmly received.
The Evansville daily journal. [volume] (Evansville, Ia. [i.e. Ind.]) 1848-1862, 1859-09-05

nG- The indianapolis Daily atlas thinks
the ticket Gov Willard has been laboring
for at Washirs .on is, HUNTER, of Virgins,
Tor President, and WILLARD, of Indiana, for
Vice President.
The Evansville daily journal. [volume] (Evansville, Ia. [i.e. Ind.]) 1848-1862, 1859-09-05
nD.sJu, 8 EXPEEss C0.MP.s.,-Y

III NEW AKKANGEMENT. U
The ADAMS EXPRESS COMPANY respectfully
nounce to their friends and patrons, the public 81
Evansville and vicinity that, with Increased hci-
ties for the transportation of
EIGHT, PACKAG ES,
MONEY AND VALUA LES.
They solicit a continuance of former fayOrs- Rs
pecal care taken in the collection Of Bills Drafts,
Notes, and the transportation of small and valuable
packages. ff-rr -
All persons wishing TO avail themselves of the IA
cities of the Express, obtain any desired infor
nation in reference the routes and details Of the
business, ut their Office on First street, between
Main and Locust, opposite the Post Office. ct
de IL G.. II. FISH, AGENT
The Evansville daily journal. [volume] (Evansville, Ia. [i.e. Ind.]) 1848-1862, 1859-09-05
OoA1!

Bodism Mining Company, Evansville, indiana.
Once on Water street, between Main and Locust
Coal In quantities of not less than ~ bushels de-
,vered any part Of the city, at 10 cents per bash
at tho pit, s cents. JOHN wYMOND,
oct9 Secretary and Manager.
The Evansville daily journal. [volume] (Evansville, Ia. [i.e. Ind.]) 1848-1862, 1859-09-05

Bsa. Roser Brothers & Co. have fitted IN
one of the most stylish business rooms in the
city, and filled it with goods to match. Their
stock is a superb one, and should he looked
over by thosel2hoi wish to purchase. Their
advertisement may be found in another coll
umn. H.Ae
The Evansville daily journal. [volume] (Evansville, Ia. [i.e. Ind.]) 1848-1862, 1859-09-05
Sr LOUIS Sent IN,

The river has fallen 20 inches at this
point in the last "a hours; now rapidly re-
ceding. All the upper streams continue to
decline Rained hard nearly all morning.
Weather now wet and cloudy.
The Evansville daily journal. [volume] (Evansville, Ia. [i.e. Ind.]) 1848-1862, 1859-09-05
Local and Miscellaneous.

WAsrrD.-A good boy, to learn the print
ing business. Apply at this Office immedi-
ately.
The Evansville daily journal. [volume] (Evansville, Ia. [i.e. Ind.]) 1848-1862, 1859-09-05

BSS~ little girl in Louisville, seven
years old, fell through the seat of privy on
Thursday, and before she could be rescued
from the vault, life was entirely extinct.
The Evansville daily journal. [volume] (Evansville, Ia. [i.e. Ind.]) 1848-1862, 1859-09-05

Hea. There was a rumor current in Phil
adelphia on the 26th ult., that the frigate
Csogress, which left that city on the I4th
ult., had gone down with all on board.
The Evansville daily journal. [volume] (Evansville, Ia. [i.e. Ind.]) 1848-1862, 1859-09-05
D%T The Per 4 -ylvania bemocrscy are

holding county conventions to appoint del
egatcs to a, State Convention and TO pass
resolutions; but it is remarked that every
where they seem,-likc the Hon. j. a. Hen
bricks, -toh have entirely forgotten Mr.. Buch-
anln and his administration.
The Evansville daily journal. [volume] (Evansville, Ia. [i.e. Ind.]) 1848-1862, 1859-09-05

'JUbcE MCLEAN. The Lake Superior
journal OF the 18th says:
"AmOng the passengers seeking recrca-
ton, on the Northern light on her last trip
up, was Judge Mclean, of the L. s. SUI
prcme Court. lie WAS looking fresh and
vigorous, and appears to be greatly Interests
ed with what he saw and heard e. 'sF