New-York daily tribune., 1859-06-01

,..t.f N. vrrA. Tho county life tells the -toryo
snv people that have a country ME The New-rh
gland farmhouse shows the heart o, Nsw,EusiaSn; ;
Tie ouse and cottage show he heart oi oi
Erglard The plantation life that Am seeing snl
about 20 see tells the story of C1ba, the Cuba that
has beer sndtbai il.
The process of making Muscosado, or brown
sugar 10 which the estate OF his host MAS devoted
is thus described hy the author.
PROCESS OF SUGAR MAKING
To begin at the beginning. The cane Is cui from
the hs.as by companies OF men ant women working
together. who use an instrument called machei',
which i something between swort aud eesVef
Two blows with this slash of the long leaves, and
third bl,w cuts of the stalk to the ground. ~
this work the ahorer move ike reapcrS m even Ines
az stated distances Before them Il held oi dense,
hirh-waying cane and behind them s;rcwn wrecks oi
stalks and caves. Near, and IN charge 81 the party
stands driver or more grandlloquentiy, contra
nsyoral with the short, Timber plantation WAip, the
badge Cf his office, under hs ann.
Oxccrts pass over the field, and are loaded WITH the
care which thev csrry 10 the mIll. The oxen are
walked in the spanish fashion. the yoke being strapped
upon the head close 10 the horns, i1'ead OF o.inS
hung round the neck "a with u, and are guided oy
oas and by a rope attached to arng through the nos
tris. ~ the mill the cane Is tipped from the % SafIs
into large Pills by the side Of the platform. From
these piles Il j placed carefully, by hand enghNIse
in a long trough. This trough is made OF Stats, sni
moved by the power of the endless cham cnnnecte1
yi,h the engine In this trough II u carried between
heavy hoizortal cylindrical rollers, where Il -
ctu.Esd MS iuce falling into receivers below, and the
crushed cane passing of and falling INTO ple on
the other side.
This crushed cane bagazol, falling from between
the roller is gathered into baskets by men AMI
wcmen who carry il their heads into the fields and
spre al for drying. There Il l. watched aud tended
as carefully uew-mown grass IN haymaSlhg' ana
raked into cocks WINDOWS on en- alarm oi ram.
When drv il il placed under sheds for protection
against wet From the sheds and from the nelds,
il Is loaded into carts and drawn 10 tle lu'-
uace door into which II il thrown 10y negroes, VINO
crowd il in by the amiu and rake Il about Win 'ons
poles Here it feeds the perpetual fires 10y which the
steam is made. the machinery moved, and the cane
luce boiled The care OF the bagazo II an import ant
part Of the system for If that becomes wet anu iiis
the fires stop, resort be had ID Wool winch y
scaicc and expensive.
Thin. on one side of the rollers il the ceaseless
rert OF fresh full juicy cane-staks, just cnt from the
open field ana the other side, u the crushed man
qed incess mas, drifting ont at the drausht and h
only 10 be cast into the oven and burned ms - the
way of the wor d. as il is the of art The cane
j. mace 10 destroy itself The ruined and corrupted
furnish the fuel and fan the dsme that lures on anu
draws IN and crushes the fresh and wDoesome ana the
operation seems about as mechanical ana unceasnS IN
u m the other.
From the rollers the Juice falls below into large re-
ctiver from which Il flows into great, epen vats caei
defecators These deiecaiOrs are heated ny the eS-
hapst steam of the ugine led through them IN pipes
a+be steam condensed forms water which il returDed
wer into the boiler Of the engine. In the delecaors
as heir denotes, the scum o the lnce IL purged
Of 90 far "a heat alone will do It, From the last de-
f ntor the iuice passed through trough into tue
fist caldou OF the cadrons there is series, or,
they call IT, train, through all which the Jnlce mus,
90 Each cadron is a large, deep, copper vat heated
very hot in which the Juice seethes and ools- at
each stands strong negro, with long, neavy SKINNER
n hand stirring the Juice and skimming OIL the sur
face This Is collected and given To the hogs, or
thrown upon the muck heap, and is sail 10 De very
fuctifyipg The Juice is ladled from caldron to
the next as fas. az the office of each ls finished
From the last cadron, where its complete cry 'tallika-
ton is effected il is transferred 10 coolers which are
large shallow PAM. When fully cooled, 1t looks IKE
brown sugar and moasses mixed. II Is then shoveied
from the coolers INTO hOgshcad.. These hogsheads
fave holes bored in their bottoms and, to facilitate
the drainage stripe of cane placed IN the hogs
head with their ends in these holes and the hogshead
il filed The hogsheads are set on open frames under
which are copper receivers, on an inclined plane 70
catch and carry off the drippings from the hogsheads
These drippiDgs the nolasses, which is collected
and put into tight casks.
believe beye given the entire process When Il
ia bered that all this in every stage is going oi
az once within the limits Of the mill, II may well b
supposed present busy The smell OF jnle'
of sugarvapor in all its stages, is intense Ih'
negroes faiten it. The cank Of the engine, the
steady grind of the machines. and the high wild cry o
the negroes the cadrons to the st0kers at the fur
mace doors, they chant out their directions Oh
waus-now for fire, and now to scatter the tire
which must be heard above the din, "A-a-bla A-a'
bla!" "Ee-oha Candida "Puera!" and the bar
barrie African chant and chorus of the gang at work
filing the caDetroughs; all these make the first visit
at the sugar-house strange experience. Bnt after
or two visits, the monotony II as uesome as the
first view il exciting There il, literally, change in
the work There are the noises OF the machines,
the same cries from negroes at the same spots the
sane intensely sweet smell the same state Of the work
in all its stages, at Whatever hour you yihH IT, whether
in the morning or evening" at midnight, or at he dawn
..f .B. Aau yntU ia up u ypul
"A-a-blai A-a.blaw "E-e-cha' Ee-eha" Of the
cakron-nen crying TO the stokeTs and the high mo-
notonous chant of the gangs filing the wagons oe the
trough short impoverished stave, aud then the cho-
rus tune like the song OF sailors at the tackles
and falls, but barbaric, tunelcss intonation.
Returning in Il few days to Havana, Dir. Dana
notes down the general impressions which be has
thus far received, from his observations Of the
country.
CHARACTERISTICS OF CUBA.
cannot weary of gazing upon these new and strange
scenes; the stations, with the groups OF peasants and
negroes and fruts sellers that gather about them aud
the stores Of sugar and molssses collected there the
ngeniOs glmmerng in the heat of the sun, with their
tail furnace chimDeys the canetelds, acres upon
acres; the slow ox-cars carrying the cane to the mill
then the intervals Of unused country the Jungies,
adorned with little wild flowers, the groves Of the
weeping, dropping, sad, homesck cocoa; the royal
palm which il to trees what the camel or dromedary is
among arimas-seemng TO nave srayed from NuDla
or Mesopotema the stiff, close oraDge-tree, with its
golden balls Of fruit; and then the remains Of cafetal
the coffee plant growing untnmmed and wild uncer the
reprieved groves Of plantain and banana. How can
this tire eye that two weeks ago today rested on
the midwinter and mud of the close streets of
lower New-Tork
II certainly that there is such athng indus
try in tie tropics. The labor Of the tropics goes on
Notwithstanding all we hear and know of the ener.
waiting influence Of the climate, the white man, il
not laborious himself, IL the that labor is
in others. With al ts social and political discour
sgemeLts. with the Disadvantages Of q duty OF
about twenty-five per cent on its sugars laid IN
the United States and duty Of full hundred
per eent on all -four imported from the United