The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1859-09-03
The sSsck b1sn' Again-Russaa Pressink Tor
General Ccaavsss.


The k,paiide Russo, received by the Africa, con-
ss::!us significant article pressing the necessity
of general Congress for the settlement Of Euro
pean affairs. but more especially for the winding
up of those of 1.-THE sick man" The existence
OF Turkey in its actual form IN the bosom of
Christianity it contends is impossible, inasmucb
ss ii will prove periodically an apple Of discord
amongst the European Powers.
There ia no installing the meaning OF this in-
timation. At moment when all Europe is wait
ing with anxious suspense the results Of the
Zurich Conference, and when almost every one
has srrived at the conclusion that its action in
regard to Italy cannot be final, this tenacious
urgiug Of the proposition originally made by
RUSSIA aud its avowed connection with the
future Of Turkey, prove that change Of sove-
d, ioual policy Of the Cabinet of ST. Petersburg.
In its concurrence in the schemes of Louis Ma
poleon, in the unqualified sympathy which it
expressed for the cause Of Italy, in its equally
III qualified denunciations Of Austrian misrule,
it lie now evident that it had less in view the
merits OF the questions to which it lent it's counte-
nance than the advancement of its own partIcu-
lar interests, which it hoped to promote through
The political arrangements which the expulsion
Of the Austrians from Italy might be expected
to lead 10.
In taking retrospective glance al the events
of the last half dozen years, one is struck with
the 6xedness of purpose and steady determine.
ton Nth which, 10 despite Of all d;scouragements
and repulses, Russia has been advancing towards
the realization of the cherished policy of Cattle
rine II. The conversations of the Emperor
Nicholas with Sir Hamilton Seymour, If they did
not disclose the full extent to which the designs
of the Gear were pushed, at least established the
fact that no obstacles could divert the attention Of
Russian rulers from The accomplishment of that
policy. After forty years of peace, with resources
akd energies renewed and multiplied, all that
Nicholas felt that he required was the consent of
England to ensure it. When the English govern
ment. jealousy watchful Of its own interests in
the future refused to listen to the persuasions of
the Gear, it did not the less prevent him from
making an energetic movement towards the exc
cution Of his projects. He required but pre-
text to enable him to act Independently of Eng
land, and that was afforded by the question
raised in reference to the custody of the Holy
Places. The Eastern war is, therefore, to be re-
gatded rather as one of long series of consis-
tent steps towards the fulGlment of an ancient
and well considered policy, than as plan orr
ginating with Nicholas and destined to die out
with him.
When, after the death Of the Gear, ter
mination was suddenly put to the war
by France, greatly to the annoyance
aud modification Of England, the world
was puzzled as to the motives by which
the French Emperor was Influenced in act
ing thus Independently Of his ally. The in.
terview at Stuttgart between Louis Napoleon
and Alexander contributed to mystify mems
minds still more as to the nature of the under
standing which had sprung up between the two
monarchs From the fact that since that time
they have acted cordially together on all ques-
tons of European policy, and that in regard to
the italian campaign they entered into an agree
ment amounting almost to offensive and
defensive alliance, we must conclude that
Alexander has been guaranteed quid pro quo
for the countenance which he lent to French
projects in Italy. What the exact nature of the
compensation is we can Of course only infer. It
will be recollected that when the proposition
of Congress for the settlement of the Italian
question was first made by Russia we stated
that the Court Of ST. Petersburg made that sug-
gesion less in the interest Of the Italians than Of
its own. It was evident that the revision
Of the treaties Of 1915 must lead to the recon-
sideration Of those subsequently made, and this
in itself was sufficient to account for the eager
ness which Russia manifested to have another
Congress convened. The unexpected termina-
ton OF the war, without the interference of the
neutral Powers, caused her, if we may Judge
from the tone of her organs, the greatest disap-
pointment and chagrin. The treaty of Villa
franca seemed for the moment to be death blow
10 her bopes and the effect was Immediately visi-
Die in sudden GOODNESS towards France and
disposition to renew with England the old
ties Of friendship that had formerly existed be-
tween them.
The obstacles that have since presented them.
selves to the satisfactory settlement of the italian
question, in the position taken by the populations
of the Dachies, have impaired fresh vitality to
the Russian project Of a Congress, and we ac-
cordingly find the St. Petersburg organs urging
it with an earnestness and vehemency that prove
the deep stake they have in it. It is plain that,
Practically disposed as he u.s. Alexander is
bent upon carrying out the traditional policy
Of his predecessors through the aid of this body.
What his father failed to effect by argu-
ment with Sir Hamilton Seymour, he him
self hopes to carry by discussion with the
combined representatives of his brother sove-
reigns. To make Constantinople the southern
commercial capital Of his empire, and to in
crease the already vast area of his domin-
ions by the European territories Of Turkey