Polynesian. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu], Hawaii) 1844-1864, 1859-03-12

1--we outside the Ghetto, and were never included
before in the census. There is no mention of what
the Ghetto itself holds, but it is supposed to lodge
about 5000 children of Israel.
MOUST VEsUvIUs.-Letters from Naples, of the
2Sth November, say that extraordinary spectacle
may be expected this year. Vesuvius is cracking
and opening at all parts from the base to the
NIT. Small craters vomit lava in all directions,
without ceasng. II is feared that at the most un-
expected moment an eruption will take place from
the great crater, in which the catastrophe
would be terrible for Resina and Portici.
Australia.
meeting was held in Melbourne on the 9th
November, TO consider the propriety Of sending an
exploring expedition to travel through Central
Australia. 1t was determined to seEd out an expe-
dition and e. OO0O, or $4,000 were raised at
for the purpose.
The g,ld yield of New South Wales is increasing
rapidly. During the first ten months of 1858 the
yield was 204 ll3 ounces (about "a 500 000) against
ll7,493 ounces during the period in 1857.
The mines of New South Wales formerly bore the
relation those of Victoria which the Oregon
mines bear to the mines of California. The
Port Curtis diggngs have lost all credit their total
produce amounted to only 800 ounces, about
Sl,750.
In order to convey an idea of the progress the
group of Australian colonies has made in popula-
ton, may mention that in 1851 the numbers
were-New So nth Wales, 1877 les; Victoria II .345;
South Australia 66,53S-totaI. 34l,05l. In 1857
the numbers were-New South Wales, sos ,4S7
Victoria, 400, 600 South Australia, 1l9,917-tntal
S75 ,5O4 Adding $4,000 for Tasmania and so 900
for New Ze land, it appears that there now
upwards OF 1.000, 900 nhdbitants nearly all of Eu
ropean origin, in the Australian colonies.
NEw ZEALAND.-Telegraph Cable bet,ceen .4us-
traha and NsU ZsaLand!-Fron the Wellington
IndsPeHdsnt, n. u we clip as follows:
The proposal to lay down submarine cable will,
no Doubt be regarded by many as visionary in the
extreme. and not likely 10 be carried into effect
during the present generation. We confess we
should bold the same opinion were there no stron-
ger reasons than appear in NJ. MGowan's report.
New Zealand must, for a long while to come, be
too Insignificant 10 warrant such a scheme being
carried out if the advantages TO be derived there
from are only the ordinary ones Of trade; bur her
geographical position presents considerations more
important than those of local trade. Australia, II
is well known, is determined to have European
communication via Panama. Strong as this deter
mination three years ago, it is far stron
ger now that the Indian mail route has proved so
unsuccessful When the Panama line shall be
opened, New Zealand will be the first point of call
and the last of departure. By means Of the elec-
trio telegraph the news can be flashed into Austria
liza week earlier than the steamer arrives there,
and flashed out again week later than the steam
er leaves there. To gain this object, the laying
down of 1850 miles of telegraph will be COMPARE
lively nothing, and the cost a mere trfe. II the
Australian colonies disagree to the ternlnl, or
any other detail, Melbourne would not hesitate TO
execute the work herself. With an annual export
of gold of upwards of Gl2, 100000 the cost of do
ing so-a mere El8O, ,000-would not be looked at
for moment.
These are the considerations which we believe
Justify us in looking on Mr.. M'Gowan's report as,
perhaps, the most important document that has yet
appeared In connection with New Zealand, and
satisfy us that the proposal to-day-laughed at by
many as chimerical- will become the fact Of no
very distant tomorrow.
Another project for communication with the New
World, part Of more comprehensive project, has
Just been laid before the public. The new company
proposes to reach the United States by line sunk be-
tween the African coast and Pernambuco, in Brazil.
The communication with Brazil and the West Indies
and the African is to be the principal object the
transmission of intelligence to the States being nciden-
tai suppl mentary. The Times recommends that in
the laying Of teegraphic cables to any and every part
Of the world the work should be left entirely to the
ton of private enterprise based the principles of free
trade. remarking that schemes which not likely to
be sefSuppOrting had better be abandoned and that
Government interference will only monOpoles
aud hinder the development Of the science. Once give
a company exclusive right to telegraph the news be-
tween two countries, guaranteeing them good per
centage, and may bid farewell TO progress in rapidi
ty accuracy and che pness We trust that neither of
the two schemes for communicating with the New
World will receive further help from Government The
Atlantic Company has already had State assistance in
the of several ships of war; the value If perhaps
10000; it has also large guaranteed income from
the Governments both sides of the Atlantic long
its line is in working order. This may be defended
the ground Of the originality and risk Of the UNDER
taxing; but guarantee upon the capital Of the COM
pany should be anted The best kind Of cable, the
best pay ngout machinery, and the proper method OF
using it. will be determined, and then the con-
structinn of line will be merely matter OF ordinary
calculation.
In Rome there are Of the retreat of Cardinal
Anton,lG and the voyage Of Plus * to Jerusalem.
The first requires confirmation, and the second is not
very likely, for it would give encouragement TO the
Catholic liberal ideas which demand the abolition OF
the temporal government Of the Popes and the removal
Of the spiritual those places which were the cradle OF
the Church.-EchO dH Pacific.
The King Of Naples is suffering horrors, remorse or
blue devils and dares hardly leave the fortress of Gs
where he continues His fears 60 the length Of forbid
ing the celebrated actress Madame Ristor from per-
forming her engagement at the theatre in Naples, for
fear that she might carry revolution in the folds OF
her garments
Prussia differs with Austria in regard to the ght
claimed by the latter of having her subjects in Tur~ey
placed under the special jurisdiction of her Consuls
The scheme of emancipation of the sers in Russia 10
nearly completed, and the Committee OF Mobiles IN 81
Petersburgh have reported TO the Emperor The
emancipation is coupled with temporary qualification
o twelve years service, during which the peasants have
to perfyrm days service for every hectsre OF land
that they occupy pay third ofthe rates Of daily
wages obtanable by free labor. 1t is expected that
the committees OF the other provinces will concur.
British Columbia.
The Victoria Gazette has a number of articles and
letters asserting that the Frazer mines rich, with
particulars about how the miners are making IS
day on this bar, and Sl6 day on that one; but
there notices OF the receipt OF gold at Vic
toria.
Inspired by the favorable accounts of the weather
in the interior of British Columbia, large number
of miners. driven from the scene of operations BY