The daily exchange. [volume] (Baltimore, Md.) 1858-1861, 1859-03-16

February 22d the Rev. Walter Mitchell NJ A Dc.
livered a lecture con the Atlantic Telegraph and
Electric Telegraphs in genera, }" at the Russell In
stitute London. The most novel feature of the
lecture, and one which elected great interest was
the description of some very interesting expert
ments by Professor Hughes, the inventor of the
printing telegraph. These experiments have not
only exempfed the defects of the present Atlantic
cable, and the cause of the interruption of electric
communication, but also afforded a demonstration
OF OF an easy method OF preventing such accidents for
the 1uture A copper wire insulated in the ordina-
ry manner was placed in bath of salt and
water. An electrical circuit was made in
terrnpted iSIt; o only by the water. The complete
the needle of one of Mr.. Henlev's most delicate
gavanometers connected with the interrupted cur-
rent standing at zero. A hole of considerable size
was then made through the gutta percha allowing
the salt water to reach the WIRE The electrical
circuit was then Immediately completed by the
water the detection of the needle and its narma
nent position at 80 deg, marking what is technical
ly called "dead earth," or in other words the COM
plete escape of the electric force through the OMEN
ing into the surrounding water more minute
hole was then made, when the following curious
phenomena presented themselves. The needle of
the galVanometer was DETECTED about 10 degrees
but instead of remaining stationary at that point
kept vibrating irregularlv through arcs of two or
hree degrees on each side of 70 degrees. The per-
picking vibrations OF the galvanometers applied to
the electric cable were thus exempiied 1t be-
comes therefore exceedingly probable that the vi
vibrations supposed to produced by earth currents
"iC hoIhnS IHOTe lnan an lnQlcatlOn OF the minute
nature OF the flaw in the gutta percha, which has
destroyed the conducting power of the pres
ent cable 10 remedy such defects for the
future, Mr.. Hughes has devised a form of cable as
simple as 1T seems to be efectual in performing its
work. Gutta percha is more or less porous Min
ute flaws may exist which may not show themselves
until some time after the immersion of the cable
Thls was exemplified by Mr.. Henley, who discover
ed flaw in his Tasmania cable which did mot
show itself until it had been three or four davs un
der water 10 meet these defects, to fill up any
pores IN the gutta percha, and also to cure any ac
cldental fracture or puncture of Professor Hughes
introduces viscid semi-fud substance of a non
conducting character between the CONDUCTING wire
and the gutta percha. The gutta percha covering
OF the wire Is drawn out into tube little larger
IN bore than the wire, the space between
them being filled with the viscid fluid As
soon as any puncture is made through the
guita percha covering the fluid out,
and Is OF that nature that it hardens
as soon as 1t comes in contact with the surround
ing water. puncture made in a piece
OF TINS prepared cable while in the bath. The
needle of the galvanometer instantly registered
dead earth, showing the injury received by the ca
Bile. But Immediately the fluid began to ooze ont
and repair the injury. In about half a minute the
return OF the needle to zero indicated the complete
restoration of the covering of the cable. Not Onlv
was this demonstrated by punctures but LONG Sits
two or three inches in length were speedily filled
up. This imitation of the process by which nature
repairs injuries done to trees by the flow of the sap
and its coaguaton opens out a good prospect of
overcoming the defects which have lately manifest
ed themselves in several deep sea telegraph cables
1t was stated that there mechanical diff
cuties in the way of the manufacture of such ca
ble and that it would not be more expensive than
those now made.
The lecture also illustrated by some of Mr.
Henleys very perfect and delicate relay instru-
ments, which excited deserved admiration.
FROM TExAs.-Galveston papers of the 18th inst.
have been received.
The Austin State Gazette SAYS that several CASH
mere goats have lately been imported into Texas.
Judge Watrous announces his intention of pub
llshlng reply to Senator HOustOns recent speech
in the U. S. Senate, duplicating the Judge in a
most extraordinary course of corruption in office,
OF some years duration.
The citizens of Fayette county have resolved to
bear the expenses of survey and location of con.
tInuatlon OF the Harrisburg Railroad, from near
Columbus to Lagrange
The Mckinney Messenger says that iron, almost in
native state, has been found about twenty miles
west of that place, near the line of Denton and
Collin. 1t apparently exists in great abundance
and large quantities may be picked from the ground
without the trouble of excavating A piece weigh
ing thirty or forty pounds has been exhibited in
Mckinney, and subjected to a few experiments. 1t
admits of fine polish, is soft and maleabe is read
lily welded with other iron, and it is supposed will
yield about 80 per cent. of pure metal.
We have papers from Galveston to the lst inst.
Mr.. Gray, the State Engineer, has recently COM
peted survey of the 8razos river, from Washing
ton down to Columbia, during low stage of water;
and he found the condition of the river much
better than he expected, and he believes such i'm
provements can be made in it to secure reliable
navigation.
The Galveston and Brazos Canal Company ex-
| pected to launch their new dredge boat this week.
and will have it ready to commence operations by
next month, and the company are sangune of haT-
ing good navigation from Galveston to the Brazos
in time for the nextfa crop.
At nnmerousy attended meeting of the people
of Walker county, it resolved to raise SlOO 900
! subscription to the Galveston, Houston and Hen
! derson Railroad
From KEY WEsT.-Key Vest, March G, 1862
| The ship Nathan Hanan, from Boston for New Or
leans ran ashore on the night of the Sd inst near
! Cape Florida, and soon biged.
| News reached here this morning that a Spanish
brig is shore on the Quick Sands and four wreck
! ers have gone to her assistance.
The brig Palestine, Captain Rogers, with a cargo
| OF guano Tor Baltimore, in the Sd inst.
Tor water and provisions, and sailed again yester-
| day.
| The schooner Mystic Valley sailed this morning
for New York, and the bark I.yra is loading both
| vessels with cotton from bark Minnie.-Cor Net7
| York Tribune.
| Coon IDEA.-The English druggists are about
adopting hexangular bottle with deep futings to
! put poisons in which arc sold by retail This is to
! prevent persons making mistakes by getting hold
OF the wrong bottle. As additional security
the neck of the bottle is so contracted that but a
drop at time can be poured out. The very delib-
crate and cautious action thus produced will it is
believed deter any one from taking 3ver-doses of
medicine; while it is difficult to imagine a case in
winch person could pour out and take the whole
contents OF one of these bottles in mistake for some
thing else.
CURE FOR BRoNCHIrIs-The following, saws the
Scientific american, is not the remedy of ''retired
physician, whose sands of life have nearly run
out" but of one of the cleverest and most reliable
OF our friends who has tried it himself and seen it
tried others, and has never known it to fail in
efecting permanent and radical cure:
Take the common mullen leaves, after having
been properly dried, and them in a clean new
the g SmOEinu tohocco Tbn
will soon be able to discover whether it affords re-
lief, and govern himself accordingly.
EXPENSES OF THE Posr OFFICE DEPARTMENT.
When Judge Campbel's last report was made in
December, 1856, the expenditures for the fiscal year
which had then expired were inside of Sl1 900 OO0
covering everything. According to the first report,
of Mr.. Brown, they were stated at about Sl2 900,
600 for that year. and in the last bill, 1859'GO,
aggregate of 100000 900 is reached. I his rapid
increase has been occasioned, in part, by new
vice with the Pacific overland, which has added
over 81, 900, ,000.- Wash. States.
An English Exchange says:-"The word 'either
may well complain of l-usage. Not only CORES
itself talks Sf but the
fectly erroneous sense. We have 'armies
assembled on either side of the river "a
numerous attendance in either House of Parlia-
ment; and vigorous action either side of the
house How can either be made to signify both?
Either is one, or the other; it is this, that it is
never the two"
LORD Lyons NOT ARRTyED.-The vessel seen off
Sandy Hook on Sunday evening, was not the Brit
ish steam frigate Curacao, which is bound to this
country with Lord Lyons, the British Ambassador
on board. The probability that the whole report is
a mistake is enhanced by the fact that the Curacao
is under orders to proceed direct to Chesapeake
Bay, and land Lord Lyons at Annapolis, without
coming first to New Iork.-N y. Tribune.
Suits about to be commenced by the Chero-
KEGS who were driven from Texas MANY years ago,
for the lands granted to them by Mexico. These
lands compose the richest and the most fertile por-
tion of Eastern Texas. The Fort Smith (Ark)
Times of the latest date, says that the surviving
Cherokees have employed able counsel to conduct
the business for them.
Thel Washington Star says that on Sunday last
the fields, fences, and trees in the vicinity of Ba
densburg, were completely covered with an exceed
lngly delicate spider-web, which glanced in the
sunlight like of silver The same phenomenon
was observed on Sunday at various points in and
about the District.
Mr.. John Stuart Mill, the distinguished logician
and political economist, in the preface to his new
essay On Liberty, which he dedicates to the memo
ry of a wife whom he has lately lost attributes to
her 'al the inspiration and part of the authorship
OF all that is best in his writings of many years
past"
A letter was sent to Mr.. Spurgeon who recently
announced his determination of not visiting this
country, expected by the last steamer signed by
many of the leading Baptists of this city, urging
him to revoke his decision N visit