The Council Bluffs nonpareil. [volume] (Council Bluffs [Iowa]) 1857-1867, 1859-08-13
HEw4YoRK PRESS ON PEACE.

The N. Y. Courier and Inquiries heartily
approves of the terms Of the treaty bstveen
France and Austria. 1t contends without
halting or qualification, that it fully rsdeems
all the premises made by Napoleon. As it
stands almost alone upon this subject, We
give its reason fer claiming that Italian in
dependence has been secured to Italy,
Having quoted the adverse views of several
Of its cotemporaries, the Courier and En-
quier says:
Now, We cannot see any good ground
for this fault finding with the Peace as pro-
claimed in the telegram from the Emperor
Of France. Our cotemporares, without so
intending, appear to confound Independ.
ence and Liberty with Republicanism. This
is avery grave error. All that Napoleon
Ill promised to do was to restore Italy to
the Italians; and this he has effectually done.
He did not promise Italy Republics but he
did promise her Independence of Austria
and all foreign rule; and this promise he
has nobly redeemed. lie declared that the
war with Austria was not war for the ex-
tension of Empire, or to add to the limits Of
France; and accordingly, after having con-
quered Lombardy, and compelled the En-
peror of Austria to recognize that it be.
longs to France by conquest, be transfers it
to Sardinia, without claiming anything for
France except the merit of having fought
and triumphed in noble cause. In our
judgment, be has literally and in the strict
est sense redeemed his pledge and kept faith
with the public. True, Austria retains tho
solitary Province of Venice /; but she retains
and holds it "as an integral part Of the
Italian Confederation, and as an Italian
Prince, repre- senting only three out Of twen-
ty-six millions of people, and with only
solitaryvoics as an Italian Prince, in the Con-
gress Of the Confederation That 'Confed-
eration' composed of Italian States, will gov
ern Italy; and consequently, Italy has been re-
stored to the Italians. To render Italy inds-
pendent, was the object of the war. Inde-
pendent of whom or what? Why, of Austria
to be sure; and with that view Austria was
driven out Of the entire Peninsula Of Italy,
and suffered to retain Venice only, and on
condition that Venice shall hereafter be an
integral part Of the Italian Confederation,
instead of being a dependency of Austria.
But says the Herald and Express, Pope
Pious TX is elevated to the head of nation
of twenty y-six millions of people; and other
people take the same view Of the subject.
We on the contrary, read the telegram as
given the Pope no additional power what
ever. He is made, says the Emperor Of
France, Honorary President Mark the dis
tinction. Not President, but Honorary
President. In other words, whenever the
Confederation meet in Congress, the Holy
Father has accorded him the high honor Of
occupying the chair of Honorary Chief, with
the privilege of putting all questions, and
calling for the ayes and nays. This GER
tainly is all the power conferred by being
" Honorary President" and what would be
said, if for this empty honor, he is to be do
prived of all temporal power in the Pspal
States? Certain it is. that no increase Of
power is conferred by this empty title.
Then, as to the despotism Of Naples. Be-
hold, it is made part and parcel of "ths
Italian Confederation - and in that body
the vote of Sardinia, Lombardy, Tuscany,
Modena, etc., will keep the successor of the
King Bomba, and the Prince of Venice (the
Emperor of Austria,) in proper subjection.
In short, Italy, by the Treaty of Peace
signed at Villa FraDca, has been restored to
the Italians. Italian independence Of
Austrian despotisn,' has been conquered On
the plains of Lombardy, by the Emperor
Napoleon the ILL.,, and his gallant army Of
Frenchmen. Austria has been. driven out
of Italy, her iron rule has been broken, sod
henceforth the Natonalities of Italy, liber-
ated from foreign yoke by Napoleon ILL.,,
are free to govern Italy after their own fash
ion. This Independence has been achieved
and will be secured to them, but whether
they will make good use Of their independ-
ence remains to be seen.
From the beginning, .he anticipated STUN
bling block in the eyes of all statesmen, has
been, after wrestling it from the grasp Of
Austria, the disposal Of Italy. Had Cvn-
gress of sovereigns or diplomatists been
convened for the purpose of determining
this knotty question, no two Of Them would
have agreed upon the subje and not only
would Austria have retained some held up
on Italy, but general war might have
grown out of the difficulty. Napoleon fore
saw all this, and therefore Get rmined that
his will should dispose Of this question,
without any Interference on the part of Rus
sia, Prussia or England. Neither Of these
powers came to his aid IN fighting tho
battles of Italy and he therefore very WISE
ly determined that they should have no voice
in terminating the war. He therefore says
to Austria, "be content to suffer all Italy to
belong to the Italians, and you may contin-
ue to hold Venice us an Italian Prince, sub
iect to the control of the newly instituted
Italian Confederation, of which she must
be an integral part, and by which she must
be governed" Francis Joseph is compell-
ed to assent. And thus Austria relinquish-
es her hold upon Italy and Italy, being de-
clarea independent of all foreign rule aud
dominion, is organized into Confederation
Of Italian States, and has her right to self
government vindicated and guaranteed -
What moro could any reasonable man do
sire? What else did Napoleon Ill, promise?
He did not promise Republics to Italy, be-
cause that would have been to promise
anarchy, confusion and liceAtiou,ness but
he promised them independence Of foreign
rule--ths right to govern themselvcs-and
this they will most assuredly have.
The Commercial advertiser, paper
which has been carried away neither BY it,
hatred nor its admiration of Napoleon, looks
hopefully upon the treaty. 1t gives its un-
derstanding of the treaty, and adds:
Supposing this view Of the matter to be
correct, Louis Napoleon has probably re-
deemed his promise on behalf of Italy, 30
far as it was in his power, and perhaps fur
ther knowledge Of events may show that hs
had done this wisely and we'll. Austria's
cooperation was needed to establish this
new order of things. Probably she only
could influence the Pope to be party to il,
and without his assent even such a step to-
ward the melioration Of ltaly's condition
could probably never have been taken. Nor
is it improbable that this will ultimately
prove the surest and most permanent regen-
Grafton of Italy. The measure strikes st
and destroys the absolutism of the post
absolute Of temporal sovereisn.ies-tbAs u
the Pope. 1t gives the Italians On o1posss-
nifty Of trying, upon limited scs3o, stAe
experiment Of solidarity and p2G9na!il stop
for although We appEshell ~ rulers
or princes of the iflllSn ssstes and not
popular rcpresensAtiSss; oil fora present
form the Congress oElq Md admin:
istrative Council, yefa great p!ptis gained
by this confederatiotfy as 9Adt. OF thoss
rulers will be Il cheek hpon shose excesses
of despotism by WhisA gone " the ltalisn