The daily exchange. [volume] (Baltimore, Md.) 1858-1861, 1859-05-04

tions on the 23d.
The Bombay mail of March 26 had been tele
graphed.
The last trace of the rebellion was fast dsap
pearing.
Tranquility prevailed in India.
There was great opposition to the increase il
the import duties.
Exchange on London Is. lHd. @2s. SGD. Cot
ton in good demand. At Calcutta l7tl
March, Exchange was unaltered Freights wer,
steady. The import market was quiet.
From the London Times AprH19l
austria, armed to the teeth, and separated from
france, also armed to the teeth by Sardinia re
quires, as the first prelude to negotiating with
France, that Sardinia should disarm herself. The
demand was in itself an avowal of bad faith II
was most overbearing requisition upon an indie
pendent State excluded from the negotiations, and
lt was IN effect request to France to demolsh her
outworks and reduce her forces before she bep ar
to enter into negotiation that might end either in
peace or war. 1t was cogently remarked by Lord
Clarendon that Austria, when she put forward a
pretenslon so utterly inadmissible could not have
meant to go into Congress, or must have been seek
ing pretences for delay. France was evidently no
less hollow than Austria in her professions of de-
sire to go into Congress where nothing is to be
decided as course of action where the only force
to be used is moral suasion, and where the tonics
which are most exciting to the population standing
ortslde the doors of the Congress are most sedui,
ously excluded from the consideration of the as.
sembed Powers.
Whatever minor differences of opinion NAV be
evoked by future discussions, the explanations of
last night show that all parties in EnGland are Of
least agreed to take their stand upon the treaties
lol9, and to require of Austria to keep strictly
within the limits of these treaties Some attemnts
nave been very recently made to defend even those
treaties by which Austria claims a power of inter
vention to put down any constitutional innovation
or any popular movement in any Italian State. and
some writers who claim to speak in the name of \
narftr
more mercliul tyrant than native Italian II has
been plausibly said that at the present time the
most odlous and tyrannical governments of Italv
are not foreign, but Italian governments. Webaye
been told that the Papacy, in itself model of mis-
rule and uniting all that is at once hateful and CON
temptible in decrepit despotism, is essentially
Italian We have been reminded that the execra-
BILE crueties which tried the fortitude of Poario
ana ms brethren in captivity the deeds of Ita
lans on their fellow countrymen, aud that no qov,
ernment which has ever existed south of the Aims
has found any want of Italians to be the instruments
OF mlsgOvernment and oppression This. however
is but reproduction of the common places thai
have in all ages been used by the apologists of des
potism.
The same things were said of Poland and of
modern Greece, and of many other peoples amono
whom sentiment of nationality survives the eyis
tence OF the nation Even in Ireland in those times
almost within our own recollection, when EnUland
was so illadvised as to treat Irishmen as subject
race, there was homely proverb constantly re.
peated in that island that eff England wanted to
roast an lrIshman there would ALWAYS be second
freshman ready to turn the spit" Among every
subject people some degenerate native will be found
ready to do the work of the foreign master In
the palmest days Of Grecian freedom there could
always be found some ambitious tyrant to lean IN
on the power OF a neighboring State or to call in
the force OF the great neighboring empire Rut il
is cruel mockery to attribute to the Italian people
the crimes of their oppressors and to cite in favor
OF t0rtlgn dominion the tyrannies committed by
the puppets and creatures of the foreign What
the conditions of Italian princes are we Yesterday
showed when describing the treaties bv which they
are bound. What are Modena and Parma. Tusca-
ny and Naples, but little satrapes of the great Ger
man Power? What are their rulers but petty tv.
rants, who work their will within their small do
mlnlons released from those personal fears which
bind the sovereign to moderation even in absolute
monarchies? =
From the London Neaos, Ap il19I
The debate in the House of Lords last night is
one to astorish and alarm. The intemperate and
reckless speech of the Earl of Derby shows but too
plainly that at this solemn moment the prayest in
terests of the country the mercy of political
passion. While, without exception the people OF
this country have subdued their sympathies for
constitutional Sardinia with selfdenving patriot
ism, the Tory Premier thinks it decent, on the last
night of session which he has brought to n pre-
mature end, to deliver himself of an address full of
hatred OF that power, and at the same time of men
ace of our greatest military neighbor In that
foolish speech Lord Derby has done his best to in
volye us in war with France. He has done all
but promise Austria that, in this war; under GER
tain contingencies, she shall see British forces
hghting on her side. That is an undertaking
winch the people OF this country will never suffer
him to redeem We tell the Earl of Derby that
his speech is one which he would not have dared
to make in the House of Commons, or in any other
assembly where the spirit of the nation is under
stood and represented
e may now see WHY, in the hands of Lord Dor
by and his colleagues the influence of England has
hitherto failed to exert its due effect Our govern
ment has not gained, because it has not deserved
the confidence OF both the contending parties. AL
though the sympathes of the nations are notorious
ly with freedom and Sardinia, Ministers have beer
in heart and purpose Austrian. Lord Malmesbury
was so eager, last night, to discover a bond O.
union between Austria and this country that ht
forgot his school learning, and declared that the
people of that Sclave empire belonged like us tC
the TeutOnic race-the fact being, that of the 10
0OO,OOO composing its population not 5000 900 are
Germans. "our sympathies," he said, care with
the Austrian peoples"-the fact being that those
peoples, shut out from all part in the Austrian state
system except that of taxpayers, are utterly un
known to US except when, as in lS4S they rise or
all hands against the most degrading and degraded
government in Europe.
The same noble earl quite needlesslv enloroaG
upon the sacredness of the treaties by which fhe
house OF Hapsburg holds its Italian possessions
It's suihclent to say that the Emperor Francis
Joseph rules IN Lombardy and Venice by right o
every Englishman. Tell US not that the Austrian
government is one of the most oppressive tyran-
MES that ever afflicted humanity say nothing OF
Spielberg, or of the horrors of the dungeons of
Verona, Mantua or Pesth; do not urge that in
Lombardy and Venice men are torn away from
their homes on mere suspicion and executed in
cold bood-if Austria has a treaty right to do
these things, it is enough we inquire no further
The people of England are the last in the world
to require inculcation of the faith of treaties In
Dude we once made a little slip, dethronng a ty-
rant who oppressed his own people, and was a
source of danger to his neighbOrs: but every one
feels that the precedent is not suited to Europe
We believe that since the question arose four
months ago, not a single line has been written in
our newspapers or a single voice been raised at our
meetings IN favor of going to war to deprive the
Emperor OF Austria of the power of doing as he
likes in Lombardy and Venice. Lord MaImesbury
may enlarge as much as he pleases this favorite
Immortal truth" of the faith of treaties; but let
him not protanely assimilate the right by which
her Majesty rules any part of the United Kingdom
with that by which the Emperor Francis Joseph
holds Lombardy. When Lord Malmesbury declares
that "he knows no other right than that of CON
quest and treaty by which the Queen holds the
crown of Scotland" he doubtless talks correctly in
the language of the Chanceries, but he does gross
injustice to his royal mistress. This NAV be ortho-
dox High Dutch doctrine, but we make him a pres
ent OF more English sentiments from the mem0ran-
dun of Count Cavour: "There is no government
legitimate but that which the people accepts, if not
with gratitude, at least with resignation"
But the sympathies and predictions which Lord
Malmesbury simply BETRAYED, the Earl of Derby
proclaimed. He attacked the King of Sardinia for
the part he had taken in stepping out of the legi-
innate course of watching over the prosperity of
his own dominions, and for declaring that he could
not be indifferent to the Gerry of anguish" which
proceeded from the other States of Italv This is
the measure which is meted out to constitutional
Piedmont. Compare it with that which the Pre-
mier uses towards Austria. There are other series
OF anguish" than those of peoples. Similar cries
proceeded few years ago from the petty rulers Of
Italy, with whom their people were not unjustly
reckoning. To those cries against the people Aus
tria responded with alacrity and the special treaties
with Tuscany, Modena and Parma were the conse
quences. Under these treaties the independence o
the several smaller States was signed away without
the consent OF the people, and right was given t.
austria to march IN and out as it might suit her
And what does the tory Premier say of them? He
justifies them, and says 'Fthey were not bevonC
what she Austria) had legal right to enter into
Proceeding further, he was kind enough to ad
nit that if Piedmont had been willing not to inter
iere with the obligations in which Austria is bounC
Il e. with her obligations to repress any popular
movement in Tuscany or other States-then Austris
would not have taken Piedmont to be acting an un
friendly part in entering into treaty with France
to secure herself from attack. Austria, Sclavonit
and despotic is to have Italian policy; and Pied
mont, which has even within these few weeks re
celved signal testimonials of the confidence of the
Italian people, is to have none This is the kind OF
justice which Lord Derby would do in Italy. The
meddling of Austria to prevent the growth of popu
lar institutions south of the Po is necessary and e
gitimate-a consequence and a protection of her
position in Italy; but the attempt of the King of
Sardinia to resist and destroy the moral blockade
established against constitutionaism is so much
wanton aggression!
Ne have seen enough OF the spirit in which Lord
Derby has set about this Italian business He COM
prehends only to hate the forces which are at work