Richmond enquirer. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1815-1867, 1859-01-28

among ourselves, III 10 the necessity OF " ~ ~.
the Pacific Moreover. we can, by 80 dividing, eeie',
those routes that will be the best agriculturaiiy anS
commercially: and when We shall have nnisheu Win
their investigation you will find that these Two rUu
lie exactly where the best plan oil na'iona. u.; - y,
reouiros th.m-the Northern Ionte cohi,nche.ns ~
The Western boundary Of Minnesota ana gonS W
Puoet's Sound, with q branch in the coulse VI tnne
~ the mouth Of the Columbia; the southern rou'e
commencing u. Ell Paso, in Texas, anu sG."e '"s'
to san Pedro or San Diego and san frahc'sco;
sno,t of these routes rs the routes wlieh com
,rcrra and agriculture as we'll NJ war require. Inc
elements indicate them, the country hre"s :hein' W..
the peopIe will have them. | place INC e"''"V,Ioe.
of these routes, the agricultural ana conihc'e'ai re-
sonrcc, of the regions through which They, pass, III
rho same category. because commerce Is tasrd OH
d;tFerrncc of agricultural productions, and difference
of INTRODUCTION is ali affair Of climate altogether. There
fore, in studying climates ara routes; We 'i"st ,'U't
variety Of production. and cannot heir iooA'i's III
them on their commercial aspects.
The Army Meteorological Observations. Blodgcts
Clima,olo-y Of the United States, and Doves i,o-
. thermal Maps enable us to divide that portion OF the
northern temperate zone occupied by the United
States into two grand and characteristic thermal
bands. The iauna, and the flora Of these two lai:dS
dit,er. The people differ, the climates diiler, the III,
du.,ii,l pursuits in them differ, and therefore call
Them grand and striking subdivisions. Speaking III
n general way. the United States lie between! tue
mean annual isotierms of 81 deg. and 20 deg. Take
a school map OF the world and let lis draw, with "a
PENCIL, these i,0tEerm> across Europe, ASIA ana .Ni'i-
ca also.
Ecr;nn;n, on the west coast with the pencil at
Sitka' draw il with q tree hand thence through the
mouth of the Red river of the North, touching the
north shore Of Lake Superior, crossing tie -. Law
renee below Quebec, and thence to ~. JOIN = NcM-
tnundland. Now. beginning in Europe, near Chri'-
tiania, draw your pencil up towards the Cult OF ORC
90, then draw through Orcahers to k.ach'a' MaFs.
hen, and the mouth Of the Amor. You can now
SEQ sufficiently near, for cur present purpose, no"
the ~isothorn OF 81 deg. runs: The nic'lh 'e,hlcIa-
... - n ,l.n. L.nt. - fhis IN. = more tvtl 81
degrees.
In like manner We may sketch Ill roughly u. IN,
nual iso,hcrm of 20 deg. through the New " orId ana
the Old. 1t starts from san Diego, crossing i!e 20
lorado q, its mouth. ami then passing eo"m -. Nv.
Chihuahua City to Austin. in Texas. y goes oy New
Orleans and Pensacola to the sea. Striking 'he ATT
can coast near Mogador, it goes through Cairo, l,Pnt,
han, Delhi, to Canton. The mean temperature o! All
places TO the North OF this line is less than - deg.
Now, let us divide he belt included between These
two iso,ierns into two nearly equal thermal bands,
BIZ tracing likewise. with q free hand. the iso'hcrii!
OF 81 deg, the mean nearly between 10 drs' anu
and 20 deg.
,bi, isothern passes up towards the Dalle-, then
down Il little to thc west Of Salt Lake 10 Santa re-
then up to Council Blui, OF the Missouri, then
through 81. Loui, and Louisville 70 Baltimore iaE-
in. it M in England il passes thence through Bel,
GUM towards Zurich, then up towards oimnth' ana
90 OH through Varna, Dcrbcni, kok.m aud Peiin.
This lire divides this belt thcrinal!y and se"sr.pN-
ic.,lly into two bands Of nearly the same size Inc!
include the garden spots uf the earth. In them man
laid hi, hrs, hcarths;one, and from them the lights
OF civilization and Chris;iaiiit.: have shea t"ei' hS'
and their brightest rays
: Let us, for the convenience OF reference, cali 'Hc
Northern band the upper band. and the Southern
one the lower. We are now prepared TO cast theeye
over them, and TO seneralize concerning the co''''nef-
cial and agricultural aspects of the two routes.
The plants which give the physioenom.y 70 the
fields and forests Of these bands are Tor ihc nPEvi
l.,I, MICS, ,ln viliny ,I. beech. tie !lrcn. nr,
alder, elm. hickory, birch. cran5erries. ana pasture
grasses. Fo. the lower band the characteristic
PLANTS are thick -leavcd cversrccns and ari,oFrSccnt
grasses, the cypress, cedar, ash, and hiaShoH', Win
roses.
The chief commercial plants, besides the cereals
which are common to both. are for the lover band:
the orange, the vine, the NJ, peach, date, lo,ihesrah.
ate. citron, the melon. -. Johns bread the sweet
rotate, rice, indigo. tobacco, hemp, cotton, tea. sugar
and naval stores. For the upper band; bueN%heai'
hay, Irish potatoes. turn!ps, apples, pears, pir'iis,
with herds and fockS among its fauna.
With these two grand divisions OF The temperate
zone thus deiincatcd, and with this description o'
/ their characteristics, we may now proceed 10 cast t!ic
horoScope for tina; portion OF the country Which iie'
between the Mississippi river and the Pacific Ocean.
To read is future for present purposes; We i""'e ON!
to glance the eye over the well developed parts o'
each band, both in the Old World and New: then We
shal! see thu, an upper band railway 70 the Pac'le Is
u fact whic!, philosophy, teaching b. example,
compcls lis TO regard II, " fixed"
Aincrc glance NJ 4 map OF the world viii show yon
that mo,i of the railways, both in Europe and Amer
lea, are in this upper band: that in it ar. the great
commercial centres Of the world. - New lork, L:v-
crpool. London. and the German ports OF Europe
that il is 10 tic cities o! this band, ns LeipSie, Nishi,
Eoyco.od. kiacl,a. de-, that the people BOTH OF EE'-
rope ind Asia annually resort l" hoic 'Heil great
fairs. :
indusir;a! aspects. and YOU will sec that II IS the ship
bui!din. and ,caiaring region. the home OF the Usher
,.Ia,. the sailors iathc--!and. aEd the place irr lac
tors, factories, and operatives.
The industry Of Ills band j. marked by mint'c
subdivisions OF labor and great diversity OF pursuit
among It's ;n:iah:,an;>-;. snre s::'i that t!.elr cccapa-
, ;iuns are. TO to say the least. ne; 20 cNc!a>ivc.! ns!-
cultural H. are the occupations Of 'iioac VIII" inhi'hi'
the lower band.
At.r thus drawing our lines and consulting the
lights displayed within them, it will, | an pnr-'inded'
require no .rca, art Of divination 10 satisfy You that n
railroad along this upper band 70 the paeih" inn! "
looked upon a. u fixed fact" tell You, one Is
oJliytd 70 3. 5vih there.
BY thus passing these two band. in review. we are
further reminded that the people Of the North 'eln-
pcra.c zone, in spite %. legislative ci.ac,ineatS; tariffs
and protection. have obcyed the law, enacted by Ma
,urc FOR the geographical distribution Of labor; i!ia,
according 10 these laws each band has been occupied
bands, has in each needed those physical conditions
snd rcplcu;shed: and that inrll, though the same III
both by which he finds himself surrounded, and Ill
r.ctcd his laborS TO those pursuits winch promise tie
best returns.
This circumstance reminds ns.iat fni'"":n v" ""n
given area. in the upper band should be ii''ch Nor
~, TO have full ireitL;S both wnys' '''l! are r.''""l7
feeding Ike areas III 'he 'o"e. "aHu' : ~ a.. ~ ."a
rs away tobacco, hemp, cotton. nee. sugar, Ne' ana
may bring back III a single car the lm''iu'"cVUFto arr
cles for which u whole tram i'au OF e"..?n ia' Dee'
exchanged. Hence, as "a rule; ran Fo"Hs IN 'hIS pHnu
carry more than thcy ietch., me s"Hhc ~" a!N wa"
articles 90 into the upper band 10 he manufacturers,
and when manufactured they are PIT on the RAJ" ir'
distribution and for market thus increasing 'fe's''S
for this baud both ways. ~,
Each one Of these ther'na! bands III inc Imi'ea
States wants its road from sea to sea. and cach mus
have il. Each wanted its system OF roads between
the Atlantic ocean and :he Mississippi river, arl eacl
ha, il whether Congress would or not: and so it vii
he between the Grand Ocean and the Mississippi
Look at the steel engraved map in ,Aprleton's Raj,
roads have been formed. Until las, summer Virginia
would stretch no railway line from any Of her tine
harIor, into the valley Of the West. North Carolina