davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Richmond enquirer. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1815-1867, 1859-07-08
from the Concord N. H. Democratic standard
SENATORS HUNTER AND DOUGLAS.

The wish Of the lender-iooted gentry who
desire to see Senator Hunter yokcd up with
Judge Douglas, is father to the thought. We
are confident they will be disappointed. Scna-
tor Hunter will not desert the cause nor the
rights, of the South. The Squatter Sovereign
ty dogma finds no favor from him. And those
who advocate il here al the North, will learn
ere long. that il Will iindno favor n the Charles
ton Conycntior. They will be obliged 20 sub.
scribe TO the doctrine Of the equal right Of all
the States in the pablo domain, and pr"tsc'ton
Of that right by Congress. il; need hc--not its
destruction. In tins matter destruction is not
a correlatirc power with protection. We re-
peat, the politicians aliuded to, will have to re-
pudiatc %sluattcr Sovereignty, subscribe to
the doctrine o; protection, or 90 over 10 the
cu,;ny
Richmond enquirer. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1815-1867, 1859-07-08
rrrcm :he Boston pos'.l
THE NEW CATECuISH.

~
No, Gensra{ly IN use IN INorthera Churches.
DONE IL RHYME By The peasant DAHD.
Stand up and le; Inc ca,cch!sc--
(Not on the shorter plan:
That's too "old iosy" Cor the wisel
O.-Whats the chief end OF man:
Alt is to think, or cen pretend
The negro is 4 saint,
And blame the MAEEE OF ali flesh
For putting on the paint.
O.-Was man created good at first:
And did he fall from grace:
None were az first created good
Except the long-hee!ed race.
Dwell, wha, is sin? my gentle friend,
You're posted and can tell.
A-Sin is tn agreement made with death,
And covenant with He'll
And all who love the UsloS Gear,
The CONSTITUTION brave,
Are sinners of the tou.cst sort
Whom salt can never save.
O.-What do the Holy Scriptures teachs
And what's ~etlec;ual calling
A.-They teach us ris.cr,hood to preach
It's niger TO keep bawling.
Observation-Disclosures is that:
What, when and how besins'
Ats niggerism, Sir, throughout,
And hides a host of sins.
Q.-What is the sum Of the commands.
By which we must abide:
A.-To hate tiny brother at the South,
And 'let the Union slide"
Q.-And what is faith my smiling friend.
A.-Well, you don't pose me yet:
Faith is the evidence | have,
Enables me to bet.
1t is q firm and fixed belief
That negroes will prevail
And something good turn up for ne,
And be it head or tail.
Q.-What instrument do angels play:
What songs sing they above:
iOld fogies used a golden harp,
Their song Reckoning love.)
A-Mc glad you AK that queshun, sar--
4 banjo Of one string,
And niger! niger! IS the tune
Eternaily they sing.
Richmond enquirer. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1815-1867, 1859-07-08
RICHMOND CATTLE MARKET, JrLY 5.

For the week ending on the I'd Inst, there were ihead
Of cattle sold At the scales, a: prices ranging from si'o
80: also, ~ head, per S~ouih.sije Railroad, sold blythe
oun.r n, 1850 FOR the entire loi-a heavy supply for she
week. though in view OF the quality, previous prices were
,nIIy sustained. We quote sheep a; n TO 81: Lamb, at
Si.iy 20 %.
Quantity md character o.: live stock weighed at The
.csl.,. for She ely Of Richmond, Tor Tie quarter ending
ma. ;a;, June. iej9: 80 cattle: i.2ij sheep; b hoes.
Ihi. does no. include all the fresh meats CONSUMED ~
IN. ciry o! Richmond. by \ larc. amount. The greater por
ZION Of the small stock are sol. by the head, aud numbers
Of cattle arc bought ty the head or In The country !! ir"fns
weight.
Richmond enquirer. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1815-1867, 1859-07-08

TIE following j%ustand pertinent article from
the Southern Citizen deserves a careful pc
rusa. from every Democrat. Our contemporary
is, however, mistaken in the supposition That
..imos. American statesmen e Gil parties are
prepared to acquiesce in the erroneous doctrine
set forth by Mr.. Secretary Cass. The present
Administration has fallen into that error by
b!indly following the lead of Mr.. Fillmores
Administration. The whole matter has been
hushed up for ten years in the silence OF dlplo'
matte confidence. This abnegatlon OF A'neTi-
can liberty cannot bear the sunlight of free
and open discussion. 10 obtain this, we cheer
fu!ly add our humble efforts to those OF the
Citizen" lie, the appeal be sounded, and
our word for it, not only thclcadlns statesmen,
but the gallant hos; Of Democrats who crushed
one phase Of Know %ot!!ingiSm in 800, Viii
rally now to strange it, last b~antling. Throw
out the banner, thcn-EQrM. PROTECTION 70
AMERICAN CITIZENS, NATIVE AID NATuRAL'zEH'
At roNc AND ABROAD:
Richmond enquirer. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1815-1867, 1859-07-08
:sYoaGencc Of ihr Ablncu0n ' a.
HENRY A. WISE,

There i, no other man OF Henry \. WiSc's
age who has won for himself such an extended
national reputation. lie is a man whose ca
reer, from his first appearance upon the public
arena until the present time, is worthy oil the
admiration Of every citizen OF our land. His
force and energy of character arc unsurpassed.
His moral courage is like that Of Luther. He
meets men and difficulties boldly, and with n
strong determination to master his undertake
ing. No combinations can Gaunt HIM; no as
sociations for selfish interests can Affect him.
\ Virginian BY birth, he may be claSsed aS one
entertaining the warIncst love for his native
State, and untiring devotion to her interests
and institutions. As a politician, lie may be
considered one Of the most adroit Of his day
His talents in this respect were manifested du.
ring the campaign of 1866 at which time
the country was thrown INTO Il violent
excitement on account Of the contest
between the Know Nothing and Demo
cratic parties. The flag of the former was
apparently waving triunphantly in our land,
wien Wise cane, kindlcd with the fire Of ora
tory, with full determination to quc.l the OPP
position. and pouring forth from his lmpasSlon-
cd soul Il lame Of cloquencc, pleading the
cause Of the great national party with enthuSl-
assn, his voice uttering its thunder tones. con-
vincins the people of the folly OF Know Moth
incism, and soon its tlag fell PROSTATE,
and, peace and harmony restored, victory
perchcd upon the Democratic banner
Ills consumimate skill and tact As a politician,
combined with other causes, achieved an over
whclming triumph. lie must be classcd among
the number whose names and genius descend
along the course of generations as statesmen:
He has shown himself true to his party and
principles, and ready TO be sacrificed for what
his judgment assures him to be right lie
mus! he regarded as the great leader and
champion Of the great national party. lieiaS
only to lie still upon the Democratic wave, and
he will lie waited into the highest Office OF
government; and, in 1854, he will draw his
sword and wage a mighty warfare, and march
;riuluphaatlv 10 victory. JASPER.
Richmond enquirer. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1815-1867, 1859-07-08

DIP, on Tuesday. July 9Th. after an Illness OF a few
DAYS. ADA ROSA BELLE, aged ten month, and , days.
daughter 0. Martin ". and Elizabeth France, Graswii;.-
Departed thi. life. a, . o'clock. on the ith inst, after a
short but painful illness, in the Goth year of her age. Mrs.
SARAH V. DURHAM, consort OF John Durham.
prEp. Jul, 4,h, Mis-. EyELISA D. CLoPToS, daughter OF
Dr.. T. c. ard Melvinl D. Clop;on. Of Gloucester.
- New York papers please copy.
pisp. OF Jneumoina. a, his residence In Goochl.nd eoun-
~. on Wednesday, the I'D ultimo, Col. JuHN 7. A. MAR
TIN.
The innexble integrity, and the frank and generous dis
nosI,icn Of he deceased had secured the cordial conf
d.nce and o,eem Of = widely extended circle OF acquain-
tapces. lie Was eminently ardent In his Attachments, and
nj. friends w.re fastened 10 his affections with hooks o!
steel. Il wa impossible to know him we'll, and not admire
and love him
The general and profound grief which hi, death has er.
cited Is the highest testimonial to bis worth. and We tfn;s
;ha, In MI. rs ber.sved vii. and family viii and some al.
deviation Of heir frrerarabie loss. ".
Examiner, whig and lad.1 viii please copy.
Richmond enquirer. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1815-1867, 1859-07-08
Where do you Stand {:

The Northern Democracy occupy a position
on the subject Of slavery Of which any party,
above all a defeated party, may well Ire proud.
Driven 10y their noble maintenance Of oVr rights
from the influence and c%molnmcnts ol political
asccndency throughout the entire surface Of
their section. they do not hesitate to re-aifirm,
in the face of Overwhelming lnajoritics, their
unwavering devotion 10 the great principles OF
policy, in whose defence they nave freely sacrl-
feed power and place. This courageous devo-
ton to what Southern mcn-to their shame be it
,aid-stigmatize with the contemptuouS epithet
o: "abstrac,ions," was never more molly cX'
hibitcd thar in the resolutions we append;
which were passed recently by the convened
Democracy Of Maine-a State which never held
II Slave. We challenge Oppositionists Of all
stripes, compilations and antecedents. to pro-
duce any resolutions of Southern growth ex-
cceding, or Of Northern production at all ap-
proaching, these resolves in their manly,
straight forward and uncolnpromising assertion
of Southern rights! = Exchange.
Richmond enquirer. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1815-1867, 1859-07-08
POLITICAL.
For tho Enquirer.
God say. our Noble union-A sSas '' mo 1~n'

For tho Enquirer.
Al savs our Noble Union-A Sans !"
VI ' ny H. CLAY PREusS
r, ..m. 70 rs through darkness.
ie cam. n % to us through blood;
T. homo ont like the promise
or God' upon the food
A heacon-it has served US
With u uncrring flame;
And cast a blaze cf glory
Upon our nations name. $50,
God save our noble Un'on'
Twas left US by our fathers,
Those souls Of priceless worth
The noblest types Of manho1u
That ever walked the carth.
IT, honrbt with fearful struggles,
By sacrifice sublime
And stands Il proud me'ncnto
For all the coming Tune
God save our noble Union
onr land a waste of Nature,
Where beast and savage stravcd;
It's wealth of lakes and rivers
Unlocked by keys Of trade:
Then, Suu-llkc, rose lhe Ch'oH-
4 terror to our foes
And 10! this waste of Nature
Now BLOSSOMS as n rose.
God save Our noble Union.
Where earth lay hid for ages
In deep, primcval gloom
Behold a boundleSS sardeh-
continent i'm bloom
VIII iron hands OF rail roads.
Electric tongues OF wire'
And energies within Us
Which time can never tirc:
God save our noble Union!
But now upon orr Heaven
Are signs OF coming storms;
And fierce, unholy passions
Unfold their hidcous forms.
The brayest hearts among us
Are filled with doubt and fear;
While sounds of horrid discord
Are grating on our ear.
God save cur noble Union.
The hallowed Flag that bore us
So proudly through the wars,
+, there q hand would sever
Its sis.erhooi IF stars?
Great God. can We 50 b!indly
Cast all Thy gifts away!
Or ,hrobs there in this natlon
One hear, that will not pray
God save our noble Union:
Richmond enquirer. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1815-1867, 1859-07-08
The following article is translated from "DeF
Phunix," the organ Of the German Democracy
Of Milwaukee, Michigan:
y 4. WISE

AS \ CANDIDATE FOR TIE PRESIDENCY.
The South will come before the Charleston
Convention with the demand that the rights OF
shareholders snail not only b. recognized on the
soil of new territories, but that they shall be
protected, when necessary, by proper leSlSia'
ton. This Senator Douglas opposes.
Gov. Wise has lately come forward with 4 long
argument, Uhe SANFORD letter. in favor "l
such protection, and the New York Times
remarks that this is Just what will make nm
President. Wise is u man who knows how 10
take his position with equal courage and saga
city. 80.
There is no longer any question that Wise
will be the candidate oftie South andi the middle
States; and if Douglas will assist hun, the
North also will rally to his aid.
The slavery question maintains its old posi-
ton unchanged. Wise opposes the African
slave trade. but insists on the equality OF rights
of the North and the South in new territories.
because the Constitution Of the United States Is
founded on this equality OF rights.
Doubtless Mr.. Douglas position Is more
liberia! TO the North bu, not so SAFE Is that
OF Gov. Wise
As may be easily seen, Wise can defeat
Seward. since. a Il temperate and conservative
southern right, iuan, he can rely or the united
support cf tie Southern states. In the North
too. lie is naturally, :.orc popular than his com
pc,itor Mr.. Hunter. And should the Repubii-
cans wavcr, a. may well happen OF the slavery.
question, slavery agitation will lose ground
and influence, and hi, will render Wis: even
more available. He Isl liberal mar in religious
and administrative relations, lc is Il gentleman
through and through, one Of true, NiTs'nian,
knightly bearing, ana can WELD a greater and
stronger power in the South than Douglas can.
Corruption, that dangerous poiSon-plant in
America, will also meet Il more energetic foe
in Wise, even than in Douglas. The Nirslnian
OWNS a noble pride, and he loves the virtue oil
the ancient Roman, not less than the institutions
Of his Southern home.
Richmond enquirer. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1815-1867, 1859-07-08
cJsrom.HousE REMOVALS AT NEW YORK.

In accordance with the retrcnchment vicwS
of the Secretary Of the Treasury, Collector
Schell, of New York on Wednesday, notified
ninety.five OF the cuStom.houSe employees that
their services were no longer required The
victims are entry clerks, invoice clerks, meaSu-
rers and assistant weishers, aud the aggregate
amount paid them annually is about Sl00, 900.
At the same time the collector increased the
salaries of five clerks $500 each, and appointed
W. y. Brooke, Of Va, all entry clerk.
Richmond enquirer. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1815-1867, 1859-07-08

Thir,y-scvcn thousand naturalizcd Germans
in Ohio are pledged to support Go'. Wise Tor
the Presidency Southern .NoA'tor.
Richmond enquirer. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1815-1867, 1859-07-08

APPOINTMENT BY TIE PREsipENr.-Wm. +.
prcsSon. collector Of the customs at York
town. Virginia, vice Wm. II, Curtis, Jr., rc'
stoned.
Richmond enquirer. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1815-1867, 1859-07-08
-. penn,vlyspia Democracy

INV. c,osr, far the pennsylvania Democracy
Co., sovereignty rcpudis:ca, AID The doctrine
- ana, congressional Protection boldly an
nounesi,
We have before Us Il copy Of the address of
,,o State Democratic Committee of Pcnnsyl-
r.n;a. 1t will cheer the loyal conservative De-
mocracy Of Virginia to learn that their breth-
rcn in Pennsylvania have cordially endorsed
the same doctrine Of equal protection to per-
sons and property, which it has been the pro-
vince of the Enquirer" rs the organ OF the
Virginia Democracy, to maintain with u"'0'"'
promising fidelity. :,
What a blow this is to the weaK-Aneeu
brethren in our midst! What will the "hA-
aminer" say now: Will it still contend against
the no,;cv Of proclaiming at Charleston 'hc
same doctrine which the Democratic
Committee does not hesitate 10 proclaim III
Pennsylvania:
We vii! take an carly opportunity to pub
,;sh this address in crtcaSo.
The following remarks Of the New lorN
Herald furnish a just and lucid description
Of its contents with reference to the Territorial
question:
The PENNSYLVANIA DEMocRAcY.-We nave
before us u copy of the address OF the STATE
Committee of the Pennsylvania regular Demo
cracy, issued the other day from HARRISBURG
1t is signed by Robert Tyler (son of Ex'presl-
dent John Tyler as chairman. and the oocu'
ment bears throughout the evidences Of a cor,
sti,uticnal political pleadcr of the Old Virginia
school. On the great subject Of sIuattcr sove-
rcignty the committee contend substantially
that should the necessity arise it will become
the duty of Congress to intcrpOse asa'ns, the
Of a Territory on the subject Of slavery, so
that the rights Of Shareholders may be duly
protected"
The Herald" goes on to remark, that "while
the regular Democracy of Pennsylvania occupy
the platform Of Governor Wise" the friends oil
Messrs. Hickman ard Forney adhere to the
platform of Mr.. Douglas.
Richmond enquirer. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1815-1867, 1859-07-08
Tug pownArAy HorEl--Tlis very nicely

locate! Hotel Wa, Oh the ist inst. transferred from
the rroJ,rict"r,lip OF Mr.. Vim. II. Fry 70 that OF
Mc,sr-. B!akc.cy ~ Mu!lisen. These gentlemen
;rou Illinois. and Will do ;he'r utmost 1? MAKE
II. powl.aian It comfortable and popular hotel.
Richmond enquirer. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1815-1867, 1859-07-08
AMouHT or FLorE INSPECTED in the town Of
r.. I.r;rLsi,,r far ,Lr quarter ending lst Of July,
Rrrorr OF rlorR inspected in Petersburg fl
shipment OF vrGrrArLEs.-on Tuesday last

HE steamers Locust Point, powhatan, Express and
.oui,:ann, lett Norfolk with nn aggregate ot about
,.rv1 barrels Of vegetables. The ncN, day the stealth
I,ir. Jamestown aud Adelaide left with about 1000
nor. maxim. fully %" barrel, IL tNo days.
Richmond enquirer. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1815-1867, 1859-07-08
1A1ER FRoM CALIFORNIA AND OREGON

ST.. LOUIS, July 6.-The California overland
mails of the 18th June arrived to-day,
Great political excitement extends through
out the State Of California. Mr.. Weller Is
probably renominated for Governor by the
accompanies, and John B. Cary by the anti
Lecomptonites. Business WAS dull. Prices
had declined. Money was scarce, but the next
shipment of treasury eastward would be large.
The miners were doing we'll.
OREooS.-rhc Legislature adjourned with
out electing q senator. The accounts from
Frazier River are extremely unfavorable to
miners Crowds We're returning.
Richmond enquirer. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1815-1867, 1859-07-08
MARRIED.
nIl:n.

IN the s0th June. Dr. II. q. LEIGH, OF Petersburg. and
Ms, ALICE VI. MOODY, daughter OF John u. Moody, OF
Northampton, y. {.
Richmond enquirer. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1815-1867, 1859-07-08
Mississippi Endorses the True Interpretation OF the
Cincinnati Platform

Among the resolutions passed at Louisville,
Miss. BY the third Democratic District Conven-
ton. We find tho following:
Resolved. That this Convention reailirm
the principles Of the national Democratic party,
rs promulgated at Cincinnati i'll Junc lo36, ana
and that we do hereby re-adopt that platform
with the construction placed upon 1t by tue
Democratic Representatives Of the South III
Congress, and that We hive no new Issues TO
make.
"Rcsolvcd, That the Territories OF the I'M
ted States are the common property oil the c.
tizenS OF all the States, and that II Is Inc risht
Of the citizens of any one of the States 10 car
ry into the territories Of tine Union any pro-
perty recognized by the Constitution as such'
and should such property be excluded ny tIe
Territorial Legislature, either by uhiriendiy
legislation or by failing TO pass laws ailordlI'S
full and adequate protection, 1t then becomes
the duty Of Congress TO pass laws Protecuhs
all property recognized rs such by the Col's'i-
tuition Of the United States.
At a previous meeting in Lowndes county
the following resolution was adopted:
,'Resolycd that We love the Union OF these
States on account Of lis inherent power TO pro-
tect its citizens. their lives and property, anu we
equally loa,i,, hate and dcte>t this Union when
il fails TO interpoSc that Inherent anu consul
~tutional power to protect its citizens IN tneir
propcr,y-rccogniSed and guaranteed alike
both by the word and spirit OF the CoNs'i'u'
ton
Richmond enquirer. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1815-1867, 1859-07-08

means. When America went to war In ioi.,
it was not in this cause; it was not 10 pro-"
adopted citizens in Europe, but TO protect H'
rican sailors in Americap SHIPS. l l.,
But what America can do, anu Cusn. w.
is, abolish the blnsphemou s oath 81 n M unread.
ton, Shut up the whole rlslnarole o. sPrSaa.
eagle baldcrdash, and let every foreigner %Sd KNOW KNOW
that he comes here as a refugee. inG n'o'"'
effect, perhaps, will be good on the Whole, H..
Europeans, however. Will laugh consuiilcuiE'
Richmond enquirer. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1815-1867, 1859-07-08

THE BALLO0N VOYAGE.

Mr. John Wise and party, WHO assembled
from St. Louis on Friday in the balloon
Atlantic, came down near Troy, New York, on
Saturday afternoon. Though they did not
succeed in reaching the Atlantic seaboard, they
made pretty good time, having travelled one
thousand miles in less than twenty-four hours.
This is the longest balloon voyage ever made.
Richmond enquirer. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1815-1867, 1859-07-08

CoyrEsrEp.-Col. John Mcpherson has "a"
preliminary steps towards conte-ting tie e'e,'
Reuben f.. Bell. E.q., 10 the ilou-co De.es''r'
Page county. lis p!e, Of contest Is base. n.. >,
.ac, that the election, VI three precincts w."
however. contends that the election wa let-'
elections have been held at the same places 'F
raj years.
Richmond enquirer. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1815-1867, 1859-07-08
city AND STATE NEWS.

rorrrH OF JcLr, 1s59.-Thc eighty-third
anniversary Of the Dcclarution Of American lndepcii-
- was celebrated with becoming style by our
o;,;,ens generally and last Monday passed OF amid
;arous re,nembrsnces, and celebrations almost too
Jo.Ous ro merton in civil as well a. military
i hsi Of view. The spirit OF the great deeds o! 18th
n JuIv. 1875 seemed 10 enthuse al Us they heara leau
~ Them the beautiful opening sentences Of Tue ihe
monablc document which niiHuneeu .He NV :.
.,;r;tcI Than the following Introductory 70 Tic
Declaration of independents wants !. hocouc,
..Whrn. in the course OF human events; .: I Lnm
necessary for one people 70 dissolve tHc l".''..ai v"
lii h.vr connected them with alio,hc'' anu ~ ~
NV" o' - ,hc mower, OF the earth The >epaF;'c"ha
- .,.,;nn To- which the laws "i Nature "iH " ."
49,. rnd .n,i,lc them, a decent rcSpec; i"r u"T OPT
irr. If mankind requires, tina; tie! H''","'
,Lr cause, which impcl Them 10 me >.li'"'.o". h,. ~
I'VE hold these truths to DC sell, "Iow,I Ly
mon arc created equal tiia; they are ehLn".u ,L %
,h.;r C-,.a;nr with certain ula.It:!abic r'th'' '""'
mono ,Lc,r Ire life, liberty ana me pu!>"!'s v. A"t
,inc-s. That, u seclre these F'-'!,''
nr. instituted among men, dcr!'iils thI'' JHs, ."y
from the consent OF the governed ,''". ,h".r,nI,
.orm Of government becomes destructive Oh "a; e".
!. i. M. r!.l!. u; Tie people 70 alter or auo.i'' y """
=, Institute "A new government, !a.ir. IL l""t"""'t
an .urL principles, and organizing H. lo"crr III s''n
form, ~ Ia them shall seem iI'H' ihe'f
safety and happiness. -: h., storm
The l:I-t F"u'Iu ""t' -, .-:.L ~
of rIiu and wind oi' furious nature, o't WIKI SUI
ri.. MI wuS DRY, calm, clear ana rcill'INa't! E'''' -
'iS,j u,,ny pronounced the day dcc'icdIy t!r!'
- is.' vrr. .iyin. and gay dresses were being cNhi'
lifted all around from sunrise III N'.ise;. "A r"''i
mcndablc degree oi NATIONAL !Fnlc 'c''''n . W.
rbr",.h all parties, AMI the universal sentiment O"
iii, great anniversary was r,. r.,
..Tnr CoSsrirrT'oN aNp TIL: 'N'"'-"'' E"'
pfaa." cor. Of; ,lc bro.
cccd.n.> which took place ut inc diiih,r !'o1" :, ,'
ont by the ..Youns Guard l.ish: Battalion "i Inc
i;h. We shall! give report, oil proceedings Wh't"
,ran.,,ircd elsewhere, both among oar volunteers
and .r. ci,izcn-. -, soon a. they can be oo;"'nci'