The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1859-01-16

London letter says:-As there is at present q
great agitation among the shipowners, whose in
terests were never SO depressed, and as many i'm
pue il to the repeal of the navigation laws without
quid pro quo, 1t may be well to see the increase
of foreigners in our carrying trade since 1849 and
the increase of foreign shipping compared TO
British up TO 1856, including those years. first taking
| British Ships. Foreign.
! 1849, tons ,390,35. ................I,6 SOS94
1856, tons 5,0S6 262. Observation-Disclosures. 3,l55 402
Increase, 16 per cent. 100 per cent or as G to
| Secondly, the total entries and clearances with
cargoes and in ballast
1e49, tons 1868, 63e. 1886 ,750
1856, tons IL 945 I'll. S,643 27S
| Thus it will be that foreign ships with car
goes have increased in the ratio Of six to one in
our trade, while We are forbidden theirs
The Paris Presse publishes very curious article
! on the pontiical finances, and on the diapidatOn
which, it aldrms, is constantly going on in the
various branches of the Papal revenue The following
extract enters into some strange details on the sub
ject:The expenses of justice for the city OF Rome
exceed those of all the other tribunals Of the State;
the courts are peopled with ecclesiastics and ge-
morally presided over by Cardinals. According to
statistical account published by Cardinal Milesi.
when Minister there are in the Roman States more
paid functionaries than soldiers The support Of
the various churches costs fabulous sums, the
amount for the last ten years being equal to that of
all the other extraordinary expenses in the budget.
The church Of Ostia alone stands in the account for
seven millions, and that is only third rate town.
The commission for putting an end to mendcity
has swallowed up, since 1927, no less than forty
millions. This would be a trife, even for Italy,
where money is infinitely more valuable than IN
| France, if the commission had only shown some
signs of existence. All that is known Of it, how
ever is that the Cadina President had for his share
of the aims 60,000f year. What, then, has become
of all the millions, since any one who has merely
spent but one hour in the Eternal City must be
| tisfcd that it is the FL Dorado of mendcity?
| The Sultan of Anjouan, one of the Comora islands
II. rs g.sc
Madagascar, has offered to place himself under the
prOtectorate of France. This proposition, in the
event of its being accepted, would secure to France
| a considerable preponderance in that group Of
| islands to the north of the Mozambique Channel,
where she already possesses the islands of Mayote,
| st. Marie and Nossibe.
| The Manchester Guardian remarks:-New York
| is more unfavorably circumstanced regards the
success Of democratic institutions than any city in
the Eastern States-far more so than any European
| country. It receives the ofscOurings Of Europe,
and its wealth attracts to it large portion of the
| most dsorderly characters in America. II has
| large cldsse dangcreuse, whose presence must
obviously be fatal to city where there is no power
| not directly derived from universal suffrage. It is
true therefore, that New York is not fair speci-
| men of America, and that America is an exagge-
| rated instance of the evils of democracy
| The London Neios observes:-The independence
| of the Central American States, and the guaran-
teed neutrality of the Transit route, have appeared
to us, as to good many observers in other coun-
| the more necessary for the general carcessness;
| and the disclosures which arrive by almost
| every mail are such as to show the advantage OF
| some former knowledge of the bearings of that
| group of questions
| The London Post remarks:-Mr. Buchanan, do
what he will now, is judged according to his past
| career. We are glad indeed, to perceive that now
that chances of reelection have become desperate,
he has enforced his authority in favor of law and
order. But the sop has not been accepted by the
Northern States; and there is every probability
that the next Presidential election will return to
the republic chief who shall impersonate the abo
lition of slavery.
The London Times says:-The municipal insti-
tutions of New York have been gradually formed
by the skilfu hands Of the leaders and the wiling
minds of the people into a aoeN arranged ma
and IN a great measure diuided IN such proper.
lions as are agreed upon by the high contracting
parties bet,ceen the democracy that elects the pect-
lator and The peculat0r that represents the demo-
cracy. Turn to Congress itself, and there at least
| we shall find that Roman virtue which MOntesqueu
tells us is the very likelihood Of republic No; not
even Congress can boast itself free from the breath
| of suspicion. Subsidies to steam packet compa-
nes grants of land to enterprising railways-these
and many other good things is currently believed
can be obtained from Congress itself by secret
and judcious application of certain sum of ready
money. Indeed, SO deeprooted has this belief be-
come that it has found its practical embodiment in
the existence Of race Of men called 'lobbyers"
whose business it is to carry those secret nego-
agency of third person, might wound the chastity
Of senatorial honor, and perhaps reduce the &C.
neral estimate of republican virtue
The London Post of the Sth ultimo says:-H is
said that flibusters from Texas about to invade
Mexico, but the accuracy of this intelligence
we beg to d0ubt-irst, because Mr.. Buchanan can
not with any consistency, after his recent proca-
nation sanction such an attempt; and secondly,
because the American people, should they desire to
| acquire Mexico, can more safely and honorably Sc
that object by engaging in legitimate hostifi-
ties with Power which has given them ample
grounds for such mode of enforcing national re-
dress.
The London Ne,cs says:-Mexco, incurable as
she is, has little to learn in law and order from
the mother country; and even were it not other
wise impossible, Spanish invasion of her ancient
colony could only be successful on the principle of
"Like cures like" But it is as well understood at
Madrid as at Washington that the re-appearance Of
the Spanish flag on Mexican territory would be the
signal for the rising Of "The Lone Stars at Cuba,
never to set again. The Madrid government,
therefore, will be satisfied with obtaining satisac-
ton for Mexican Outrages by little harmless
cannonading.
Hue, the capital of Cochin China and the resi-
dence of the Emperor of AMMAN and his Court is
situate about eight miles from the mouth of the
river, the navigation Of which is difficult. At this
mouth are village and fort. Hue, which is on
the left bank occupies considerable space. Its de-
fences, perfectly constructed, do the greatest
honor to the French engineers who erected them,
in the reign of Gya-Ling There is nothing com
parable to them in all Asia. The rarnparts are
over thirty feet high, with ditch forty English
feet wide, and advanced works to some extent.
They are surrounded by a vast canal which might
the first line of defence. Those fortifca-
tons, executed in 1874 kept in perfect repair
till 1928 The present Emperor still attaches real
Importance to their maintenance; but as the Euro
peans who were in the service Of his predecessors
have been dismissed, and az the pupils they form
ed are dead, there is at the present day complete
want of educated and competent engineers to keep
them up.
We have important accounts from Upper and
Lower Cochin China. The kingdom of Tonkin,
dependency of the empire of AMMAN, is in full revo-
luton. II Is stated that the insurrection was ex-
cited by the Spanish missionaries and that the ma
tive Christians the principal actors in it. Seve-
raj vessels were Immediately sent from Touron to
support the revolt, and the capital of the kingdom
itself is menaced.
The task Of getting the Great Eastern ready for
sea will commence probably about the middle of