New-York daily tribune. [volume] (New-York [N.Y.]) 1842-1866, 1859-10-08
ADDRESS OF THE HON. JOHN A. DIX.

The address of Mr.. Dix was very long. We con-
dense the more important portions, as follows:
"Our exports of bresdstuffs and provisions in 1876
were little lees than $2s 600 600. In lS47, they rose
TO 47g 600 900. Europe could not raise sufficent
amount Of food for the supply OF her constantly IN
creasDg population, and even with her mos abundant
hsrvests deficiency would exisl, which could only be
supplied by the United States. Great Britain, ana
other countries of Centra and Southern Europe had
endeavored to avert the difficulty byiprohbtDg the eI-
portaon of breadstu and imposing duties on foreign
grains protect and stimulate domestic productions but
the demand had increased, and during the last eleven
years had exported breadsus and provislons aver
aging over $H 900 0C0 per snnum. The increase would
be better understood by comparing the last seven
with the previous seven years. During the former
period they averaged little $3l OOOO 900, and dur.
II the latter nearly O0OO GOO. The average OF 1896
end 1857 was over $75,OOOOOO. No country could al
ford to quarrel with another, from which 1t derived the
OF subsistence the country which furnish
I'd the supplies afford part with tsvaluable customer
Hence there every 10 expect that que sons
of dispute would be discussed and adjusted IN spnt OF
mutual forbearance; aud had such sprt existed,
there could be long continued alienation No other
country than ours was well fitted TO be the grsnary
of the world. IL was the great temperate district OF
the Western hemisphere, and yet 20 extensive a. 10
embrace every variety OF vegetation Whch does not
REQUIRE the stln illus Of bterropica heat The Allan
tie Ocean had within limits coaIs Of nearly I0OO
miles in extent afiOrdipg extraordinary facilities Tor
commerce. Our territorial area, Inc udlng Cautornla
ard Oregon lie nearly 5000 900 Of square miles. lie
remembered when 1t was asserted, on the basis OF
actual exploration, that there was only fertile territory
enough between the Mississippi and Rocky Noun.
taps for four States OF the size OF New York;
and yet q surface vastly more extended was
now occupied under State OF Territorial Govern
merts and promises to rival IN pIodoctiyeness
the richest coils in the Union. During the last lev
Years natural science, which had eYpenoed lis abors
ON Astronomy, chemistry, geology, and the mechanic
arts had also been turned INTO great field Of agr
culture 1t had analysed coils and disclosed their con-
stiruep,s mad tsught US the composition OF plants,
the nature Of the food they required and the degree in
which they extracted from the eath lie principles OF
fertility and III pared its capacity for their reproiuc-
ton. Hitherto, our whole agricultural system hsd
been one Of gradual sp0aton. Tie Southern plsnier
had been in the habit Of extracting crop after crop OF
tobacco and corn from his lands, and when they had
lost all capacity for production abandoning them and
.mgratDg with his negroes 10 new soils. The Morrill,
Elm farmer had done the same thing, not, however
without some effort 10 avoid the results few years
would brDg with them, as tue had everywhere else
the penalties OF vasteiupess in diminished crops and
lighter grains. The annual less IN the lnied STA es
from the abuse Of the soil, was 10 De computed
rot by millions OF dollars put oy nGhaI res
worn out. The same system OF spohston eI-
hausted the grain fields OF Imperial Rome, but the
spcients sbored under dssd ante which time had
removed. Analytical chemistry, OF wnch they Ehe4
but little hso taught Us The component parts OF Inc sou,
and of the plants ard grains which II produced. The
remedy for our oat lands was in our own hands
IL was 10 restore TO LANDS what we took from them
SQCh q process ndu OecE sVLs VI IL
for nearly uuaIer OF century, with success IL sas
estimated that thirty millions OF dolars were added IN
value 10 the agricultural capital OF that State IN twelve
wears from the commencement OF tha process OF reform
While labor is more abundant aud cheaper
in Europe than in the CIied States, We
baye three advantages which give us and VIII
Give us for years TO come decided superiority
over the countries Of the Eastern hemisphere
First: An immense region, unsurpassed IN fertility,
vet 10 be occupied. Second more irte.isen. labor
ING ,omuu unity constantly improving through the To-
f1erce Of free and cheap press, ard socia oisah-
zstion which Lot only secures 10 every cuizeh tue
sroyuent of the fruits OF his industry, but gives MN
direct voice in the choice Of his own rulers; snd,
TIiyd. The grea. extent 10 which msehnery Is en-
Moved in agriculture as substitute for men, counter
balancing largely the advantage OF cheap lao2r Ia
Enrope The capacities Of the State OF NeT-forK
Tor agriculture might be fayorsbly compared
With auy other State in the Union. he west
or, ard Central Districts, extending from the
Mohawk 10 Lake Ere, and embracing a.! the inierne'
ate counties produced upon al average oVsl I'een
bushels Of wheat per acre. That district hienl oe 10
add as ops Of The most reliable wAesgrosng re-
siors in the United Ststes. There was ~ one MODE
- Guarding against the exhaustion OF me SOL, ana
Raj was Ly restoring 70 the earth the same sn99n Oh
oroanic and inorganic matters which ha1 entered NO
lie rgapzstion OF the crops removed. ms was .ne
uniyeisal law of compensation in every cepaf,meE. o.
physical hje Though the other great disuIc.. y. .ne
STATE were lees adapted to the gro~sn oil waea', tny
had peculiar fitness for o.Ler produe-'ls' 1Hs's