The daily exchange. [volume] (Baltimore, Md.) 1858-1861, 1859-09-17

Turbulence and disafection appear to be the
normal condition of all the Spanish American Re-
pu6lics. In Mexico the Liberalists and Reaction
lists are pressing forward their preparations for a
new campaign. The former claiming to have
been put in possession of the requisite means and
munitions Of war; by the sale or hypothecation of
church property, affect to be confident of their
ability to march strong force against the capital
at early day; whilst the church party, notwith-
standing the differences that exist between its
chiefs and the intrigues that are on foot to dis
place MIRAMoN, is equally sanguine that its antag-
onists obtain no foothod in the central depart
ments. In consequence of the heavy taxes imposed
by the authorities the inhabitants of Carthagena
have pronounced against the Government of
New Grenada, and taking possession of the town,
have organised a considerable body of troops and
strengthened and fortified the outworks, in antci-
patton of q conflict with the forces which have
been sent from Bogota to reduce them to obedi-
ence. In Venezuela, since the return of General
PAEz to this country, the struggle for supremacy
between the white and the mixed races has assumed
a more serious and decided character 1t was the
policy of the despot, MoNAGAs, to maintain him
self in power by counting popularity with the 10
norant masses, consisting chiefly of Indians and
mixed breeds, and by encouraging the feud which
existed between them and the whites. CAsTEp,
who succeeded him. has made himself obnoxious
to both parties, by the temporizing expedients to
which be has resorted, and it is TO his lack of
energy and decision of character that the present
insurrectionary movements threaten to eliminate
in that most fearful of all wars, war of races.
Farther to the southwark, the first blood has been
shed between Buenos Ayres and the States of the
Plata URQUHA is busily engaged at Parana the
capital of the Argentine Confederation, in
recognizing his forces for the campaign. In the
meanwhile, however, Buenos Ayres had taken the
initiative by despatching two war steamers up the
Parana, to harrass the enemy, which, after thew
had succeeded in running the gauntlet of the de.
fences at Rosario, and in capturing an Argentine
schooner, were ordered to desist from further acts
of hostilites, and to make sail with despatch for
the city of Parana, asking a suspension of arms
until the result of the offer of mediation which had
been rendered by our Minister, Mr.. YANcEY, should
be made known. 1t is scarcely probable, however,
that the good offices of Mr.. YANCEY will succeed in
concluding peace between the belligerents, for
the Government of Buenos Ayres accuses URQUIzA
of having suborned the soldiers and seamen on
board the Buenos Ayrean war steamer Pinto.
whilst lying under the protection of the flag of
truce in the harbour of Parana, to rise in mutiny
against their officers and transfer the vessel to the
enemy. Between Peru and Ecuador war has also
been declared, and the port of Guayaquil has been
put under a blockade. Some skirmishing has al
ready taken place, which resulted in the loss of
five men, belonging to the Peruvian squad
ron, and the death of one officer, in
command of a detachment of Ecuadorian
troops. 1t was moreover reported, that the Peru
Wan President CASTILLO was about TO leave CAL
lao with all the forces he could collect, for the
purpose of attempting the capture of Guayaqui
and all who were able to leave the latter city
were taking refuge in the interior. The origin of
this latter quarrel is involved in a good deal of
obscurity, but the principal cause assigned is a
dispute between the two Republics with regard to
q slip of territory over which both claim exclu-
sive jurisdiction Others however, ascribe it to
the countenance which was afforded by Ecuador
to the chiefs of the Revolutionary party, which
but recently attempted to overthrow the govern
ment of CASTILLO. Nor is Chile altogether free
from internal disaffection. 1t was rumored that
the macontents in that Republic would shortly
make another attempt to take Valparaiso, and
that the movement would be supported by the
garrison, and by the principal part of the naval
officers stationed at that port. If such demon
straton was in contemplation, its execution was
rendered difficult by the opportune arrival of two
war steamers, having on board a large number |
of troops who had just returned from service
in the Northern Departments In no one of |
the Republics that occupy that portion of the con-
tinent south of the territory of the UNITED SrArrs
do we find any of those elements of permanence
which spring from good government, Joined to
willing obedience to the laws. As one green leaf
pushes another green one from the stem in that
climate of perpetual verdure, a continuous series
of turbulent and aspiring cheftains arise to usurp
the places of other chiefs equally ambitious of