New-York daily tribune. [volume] (New-York [N.Y.]) 1842-1866, 1859-11-17

,ablishipe either unity or union under tine tiara al
though IL has had for centuries powerful aid IN the
strong organization Of the Church. The dread, the
hatred of the foreigner, was mighty ally to the
Papacy; whose watchword " Faori gil barbara 2"
Away with the barbariaDs :" was and is so full
of charm for the Italians. The Pspal attempts
were prolific in bloodshed and in internal divIs-
ions and finally, Gioberti's PTiRiato Hal'aHo, pro-
logomeai, remain a splendid dialechcal effort
aDd-a dream.
Events more or less familiar to everybody con-
soidated Italy, no longer four hundred independent
cities, and unhappily no longer republican. But
this consolidation into larger bodies has brought out
even more strongly some of their characteristics,
and made them more indelbe. Several of them
are still in full force; for instance, Pisa Siena, and
some other cities, centuries ago were merged into
the Florentine Republic, which for centuries was
one of the most brilliant nationalties, not only in
italy, but in the whole civilized world. II is ut
tery impossible to conceive that Florence for CEN
tures the generating focus of higher culture for all
Europe, and still full of intellectual activity, when
the dread of German oppression shall not only have
passed away, but its renewal be rendered utterly
impossible-when the future integrity and security
of Italy shall be put under the protection of Europe
and shall become part Of European public and in
ternational law will be resigned to bereduced TO the
condition of secondary provincial city. II is inn
possible to suppose that the Tuscans viii then prefer
to be merged into instead of being federated with
Sandman or Italian Northern Kingdom. The masses
of people never abandon beloved traditions; these
are always alive in their hearts. In the present
case neither the FlOrentne nor the Tuscan people
have sanctioned the decision of the municipalities.
Their vote did not result from or represent univer
sal suffrage. Scarcely Is per cent of the male
adult population of Tuscany voted in favor of an
nexation to Sardinia. True it is that the votes
given for it represent the intelligent portion Of the
population; but the feeling of the majority must
neither be overlooked nor violated. Feelings, with
the masses, Outlive formulas and if not satisfied,
food is left for intrigues; new and regretable dis
sensiOns and complications must arise.
In the eventful epoch of 194s-49 all the princi-
pal divisions of Italy fermented acted, struggled.
Men like Gioberti, MANN, Guerazzi and Mazzini,
concentrated and represented the intellectual con-
ceptions, the patriotic aspirations, of Sardinia,
Lombardy, Venice, Florence, and Rome. Even
under the FIRE of the enemy these men were unable
10 make concessions 10 each other relative TO pre-
cedency or supremacy. Federation on equal terms
would have generated harmonious action and given
nerve TO resistance. But they had no time TO
conclude one, perhaps no clear comprehension
of federation, with the exception, possibly, of
Manin. So much as proof that traditions, love of
localities or nationalities, ambition, in
herent to human nature, and must be respected. 1t
will therefore be inhuman and dangerous to annex
Tuscany to any northern OF Sandman kingdom.
This. however, is not the case with Parma and
Modena They never had strongly manifested or
developed individuality. The traditions of the
houses of Farnese and Este form no part Of the
life of the populations; they blend too much with
their late tyrants. Parma and Modena may there
fore easily form an integral part of Sardinia. But
there the absorption reaches its limits. The por
tons of Central Italy at present independent must
preserve their individuality in the interest Of the
future The military league, organized under the
pressure of the moment, points to the feasibility of
federation; may that league be considered its
forerunner
| The expected Congress for regulating the new pc"
tcal conditions Italy must take into consideration
all the various Italy tits. Unnecessarily
must take as its basis what exists-the rights Of
populations and the claims Of at least such princes
as have not cowardly run away from their thrones.
| The Congress viii have TO deal with immense oppO-
stions and antagOnisms. The creation of one Italy,
united or centralized, is at present absolutely out
of the question, even if such a condition were nor
| NAL or desirable. The establishment of fedora
ton, although difficult, is not impossible because it
has for its basis the traditions of the past well
the facts of the present.
Further: Italy cannot be divided into two units
"a Northern and Southern Between them a
cOunterpOise is necessary.
| repeat, the various antagonisms of Italy can
not be dissolved or neutrazed by a formula. The
new political condition of Italy must give security
| against external dangers, but it must prevent
clash of internal rivalries and discussions as well.
Whatever may be the assertions OF the hopes of
| Unionists, or rather of Unitarians, Naples, as
| kingdom, or in some other form, must still remain
distinct individuality. The NeapOlitans will
always be jealous of their nationality. They will
submit to a federation but not to the supremacy of
| any other italian power But federation must
consist of several parts, to mediate or maintain
necessary balance to soften certain amour propres
in the nation as well as in her ruler, whatever may
be his character. Naples must always be the
second if not the FIRST State of Italy; aud between
Neapolitan and any Northern Italian State, there
must be other States, dividing them geographically,
L \ n ~ i =