The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1859-07-28
Tho News By tho Europa-The Erect Of the
Treaty Of Pcaeo.

Treaty OF Peaee.
BY the Europa we have some further details of
the terms Of peace arranged at VillafraDcs be-
tween the two Emperors and the causes that led
thereto. The reasons alleged by the two sove-
reigns for bringing the war in Italy to such an
abrupt conclusion will strike any one as being
with them net only potent but prudent-not
merely foroible, but almost Irresistible. Francis
Joseph states that he consented to the peace,
| yielding to an unfavorable political situation,
because bis natural allies were not supporting
him as he expected they would have done. Louis
Napoleon says that he proposed peace because
the war was assu ing proportions not in accord
ance with the interests of France, alleging at the
same time that the principal aim of the war is
attained, Italy having become, for the first time,
a nation. If the convictions of the two Empe-
rors be correct, their policy in diplomatic, or
perhaps we may say selfish, point Of view, was
undoubtedly the best they could have adopted.
The natural allies of Austria, to whom the
man States, including Prussia, whose interfe.
renee in the war be calculated might have been
procured in case Of serious reverse to his arms;
and, secondly England, through the instrument
tally Of the Derby government. Austria, taking
her views from the despoic action of her own
! government in deciding public questions, sup.
posed that the administration Of Lord Derby was
an all.poweliul albiter of public sentiment. She
forgot that the English people could, they did,
through the voice of their representatives in Par
lament, upset that government, and put another
in its place whose sympathies were in accord
ance with their own on the side Of her adversa-
ries. In this juncture, and after having suffered
two defeats, one cannot help seeing the necessity
which impelled the Austrian Emperor to well
come proposals for peace, though at the sacrifice
Of Lombardy and the predominant frontier of his
empire in Northern Italy.
Nor is it difficult to perceive, in the revolution
airy complications with the italian Gncludinp
the Roman) States and Hungary, in which Louis
Napoleon became involved, the fact that the war
had assumed proportions which the interests Of
France did not demand. Having accomplished
30 much-the humiliation of Austrian dominion
in Italy, the accumulated glory to the French
arms, the acquisition Of Lombardy for Victor
Emanuel, the establishment of an Italian ConT,-
deration, with the preservation, nominal if not
real, Of the Popes temporal sovereignty-he
found in these results basis for the construction
of peace which offered the easiest disentangle-
ment from the dilemma that combination of
circumstances, the result of his rapid and bril-
liant successes, had placed him in.
These details of the basis of the peace we
learn from the respective orders of the day
issued by the French and Austrian Emperors,
departures respectively for Paris and Vienna.
We learn from Austrian authority that the
fortresses of Peschiera and Mantua, as well
as those Of Verona and Legnago, are
TO remain to Austria, the line of the Mincio
and not the Adige, forming the boundary, under
the new agreement of Austrian territory in Italy,
though Venetia is now to be embraced within
the italian Confederation. The princes Of Tus-
cany and Modena, recently exiled by the popu-
lar revolt in their territories, are to return
and assume their positions as chiefs of their res
pective States in the new Confederation. 1t is
to be presumed that Bologna, and the other cities
Of the Papal dominions which asserted their in
dependence. will be compelled to submit to the
rule of the Pope, and take their place again as
part of the States Of the Church France aud
Austria, being masters of the situation in Italy,
can Of course insist upon the fulflment of the
treaty they have mutually entered into.
But while the fortunes of Italy are thus readily
disposed Of what is to become Of Kossuth,
Klapka Garibaldi and the other representatives
Of the revolutionary element in Southern Eu.
rope? There is nothing left for Kossuth but
to return to Eogland, and there illuminate
against Louis Napoleon. We may expect some
Of bis accustomed lengthy speeches on this cub.
ject very soon and it is probable that in the in
dignation Of the disappointed revolutionary
leaders all the secrets and plans of the coalition
with France will be exposed. So much the bet
ter. These disclosures will be very interesting,
not only to the present generation but to pos
terity. A rich mine Of diplomatic experience
will be opened up for the study of future gene
rations, and the means by which the reconstruc-
ton OF Europe was to be accomplished out of
this war will become an open book to future
Statesmen, from which they may learn some use
full lessons
One result of the peace--and it is significant
one--is the resignation Of the Sandman Ministry
ofCount Cavour, which, i! is said, resulted from
dissatisfaction as to the terms of the peace, and
possibly, too, the ignoring Of Victor Emanuel as
party thereto. 1t is quite likely that the con-
oiuons OF the peace are entirely inimical to the
us'ra views Of the revolutionary party in Italy.
They expected more results from the war than
it suited Louis Napoleon to accomplish in fur
therarcc Of bis own aims; but it was not to be
supposed that he could or would meet the
revolutionary idea at the expense of the
interests OF France and his own dynasty
But, again, it must be admitted that, whatever
disappointment may have fallen upon the hopes
OF Italy generally, or of the ultra revolutionists