The daily exchange. [volume] (Baltimore, Md.) 1858-1861, 1859-01-06

Press, were taken in charge by the COMMITTEES Of
Arrangements, and Adjutant Stone soon had thep,
comfortably cared for.
Judge Douglas was so much fatigued that it wa:
deemed prudent that he should dine in his private
parlor. The Philadelphia Committee and other
gentlemen sat down to sumptuous entertainment
In the regular dining room.
;, From the time of the arrival the Gilmor
house was thronged with persons all anxious to
pay their respects to Judge Douglas At a quar-
ter OF nine Nolandt's Band gave a serenade, when
Francis Gallagher, Esq, in a few complimentary
remarks introduced the Judge to the crowd, about
5000 in number, when he made the following
speech:
Mr. Douglas being here introduced, said.
FeLtoU- Citigen ofhe city Of Baltimore:
, 1t was my expectation to have passed quietly
the last Is years in iourneyng to the National Capital
No longer than yesterday telegraph despatch
to my family, informing them that they might expect
me there to night when was notified thar nv fellow
citizens of this beautiful city had appointed committ
to meet me half way between this and Philadelphia and
escort me here did not feel at liberty disregard their
kind requests was more willing to stay and spend
nlght with you and exchange my opinions with yours
Tor the reason that desire to know whether nv nrinc
pies might be avowed in Slave State the same AZ in a
Free State-in the South and in the North aIikewbar
the American flag the American soil TCheere
50 long as live under the Constitution anv nolitcai
creed which cannot he avowed in the same terms and
sustained by the same arguments in every in the
80 - nus ,1 oe 1t lati heresy Principles t. be sound
must he the same in Maryland they in the North
the same in New Orleans they in New York and
aS
they are in the Free States We have been
lor the last few years into fearful sectional struggle in
winch the North has rallied against the South and the
oomLh raied against the North this negro question
what desire to know is, whether there is not com,
mon ground principles under all our com
mon lns which Northernand Southern en-
can stand together brethren without their urrendernp
any right which belongs them under the Constitution
(cres OF good, and cheers) equality among the differ
ent States of this Union is Fundamental principle of our
confederatve system, and nra consequence from
equality OF States results equality ofthe citizens of all
AnNr fNnlit t.,nl,
that threatens injustice to section or to any State o
the INHABITANTS therein in order to benefit any other
state or any other section We have recently been oi5
hrst IN illinois by the champion of aboonsm subse
quenty in New York by Mr.. Seward, that this Union
as our fathers made it. We have been told that these
states must become all free all slave; that they must
all be one thing all be the other otherwise thev
not endure In other words, aboitonsm to sup
pose that there must be uniformity in the nstitu
tions of all the States
We, in Illinois, while territory established African
slavery IN defiance of the ordinance of 1857 and we tried
II Tor many years until we to form the constitution
for admission into the Union a State By that time we
had discovered that in climate with our soils and
surroundings it our interest to continue il
and therefore, we abolished it, If we had found that our
climate our SOIL and productions required negro la
bor we would have chung to it with same tenacity
with which the other States have Permit me to remark
that this slavery question rests upon laws higher than
those OF legislative enactment 1t depends upon the
laws of climate production and selfnterest Wherever
cotton sugar rice and indigo the staple articles and
the climate is such to exclude white labor
the negro must take the place of the white man on tn
plantation When you getinto these hot climates it is
not struggle between the negro white men but
tween the negro and crocodile which shall occupy the
Delta line Laughter and cheers In those delta lines
slavery must exist negro labor must be empoyed other
wise their cultivation must be abandoned While in
those high northern atudes where the earth is covered
with deep SHOWS and where there is severe climate lily
adapted to the constitution of the negro and suited
70 te wte man slavery can never exist because it is
not the interest of the people to have it. The only
Guilty in regard to this slavery question is that there is
amedlum climate and it may be conroverted whether
such climate is best adapted to white or black labor
VINO shall decide the conroversy-those who had
moved there with their wives and children made it their
home, and have better opportunity of Judging what
they want, than those residing at a distance Hence
leave h2 question to climate to self interest to the dec
SION OF the people interested and there will be peace
mony and fraternity among all the States of the coned
eracy brought forward bill to blot out this Missouri
Compromise line That black line which the
continent, hXins stigma upon the local and domestic
institutions OF half the States of this Union order
substitute in its place the great fundamental principle of
sell government upon which all free institutions
based Now why should not principle prevail Perhaps
1t does not suit abolitionsts and agtaors but does
suit the great mass Of the people who only want
such laws adapted to their interests, and
know that there those who believe that slavery
such crime that it should be abolished at any risk
hold that it is the right of the people to decide for them
selves whether it is crime not Those who hold that
is tell that the Declaration of Independence declares
all men to have been created free and equal and
ing that this declaration includes the negro declares that
he shall be placed on equality with the white
My answer to that argument is this the sgners of the
Declaration of independence had reference whatever
to the negro when they declared all men to have been
CiSdIeu equal lney were speaking OF white men-Ol
men of European birth and descent and nobody else
when they declared the equality of all men, This Govern
ment was founded on the white ba.is; it was made by
white men for the benefit Of white men, be administer
ed by white men. But it does not follow by any means
that because the negro is component part of this
GoVernmen-because he is not citizen and ought
to be citizen, that he must necessarily be slave On
the contrary does follow that you should extend the
negro with feelings the dependant race all the rights
all the privileges, and all the immunities which can
safely given him for the good of society Cries of good
and applause.
that DrnciDle n me 1bt to huI
when you come TO apply the principle you will ask
what are the rights and privileges, that would give the
negro My answer is, that is question that the people
OF each State must decide for themselves 1t NAV be
per to grant to the negro in Illinois privilege which it
would not be safe to give him in Maryland and hence
it is question for to decide ourselves in that State
and for you to decide for yourselves State So
is with all other domestic relations each State must
eide for itself that the relatio shall be only between
master and servant but between husband and wife par
ent and child guardian and ward.
What shall he the banking system the school system
the railroad system and every other system affecting their
rights their persons and their property Let these prin
cpes OF State rights and State sovereignty pervade
there Will be no cause for jealousy collision between
the different States and Territories Let these principles
be offered in good faith and then this government is
capable of indefinite expansion, and will expand fast
as we need more territory and find it interest
acquire it.
year For the present we have territory enough we
must enlarge our borders fast fill up that terrific
ry, and must Amercanize that which adoins u.s. Let
US then pursue policy both foreign and domestic
sstent with that destiny which the Almighty has mark
ed out Tor us never have and will give a
for treaty that binds the American people never to do on
the american continent that which interests our hon
or and our safety may compel us do. found it my
duty to resist the Clayton and Bulwer treaty when it
mace objected especially to that clause of it which
said that whether the United States or Great Britain
would ever in all future time, annex coonize exer-
else dominion over any voter of Central America.
| was asked what wanted with Central America then
replied that we did not want it then but that time
might come when we would want it, was told that it
far off that never could desire it. NV answer
was that 1t was good ways off, about half ways Cali
Iotl anu on e uirect route to tlaugher and shouts
OF If California was not too far off for us,
did not see how the halfway house could be SO remote
from our wishes and desires
The time may come when shall be compelled for the
sake OF our own interest and for that of humanity
merce and stable annex province after the
Province of Mexico and to take Cuba to- Cheers and to
expand indefinitely, yet steadily and slowly acquiring
Ierrory, as we AmercaniZe it and need it, until this
Nation shall become one Ocean bound Republic. 1t may
not be IN your lifetime nor in mine it may not be in the
lifetime of children but trust the saying ap-
piled to other countries true of that "the Nation
never dies" trust the American nation will survive
forever, Cheers If does it must expand for to in
crease multiply and grow is the condition and law our
existence Hence let us pursue foreign policy by which
we will have control of actions at all times with
reference tohe American Continent and which will leave
us free when the time to do that which our
ch1dren as the case may be, may determine that
interest and safety require do but that foreign po
lcy must be accompanied with domestic policy, which
the rights and sovereignty of the States and
protects each State in the right decide its institutions
for ITSELF and hence avoids any jar collision when new
States admitted into the brotherhood. With this
the free and slave States.
My friends have given you epitome of the princi-
pies which discussed in Illinois in the late contest with
the abolitionsts and their allies appealed to peo-
pie of Illinois by their love for the American Union
preserve sacred the fraterna feeling between the old and
the new, the free and the slave States pointed them
to Bunker Hill. to Bennington, Saratoga and Mon
mouth; l pointed them to Kings mountain. Gulford
courthouse and to Yorktown showed them that in the
revolution northern and southern stood shoulder
shoulder in cause, fought under the same
ner, poured out their blood in common streams and
shared common to the liberty which we
now enjoy. Why cannot northern and southern live
under this Constitution in the spirit of fraternity
with which fathers formed it We five will obsery
between the different States that good old rule which our
mothers taught usthat golden rule which every good
mother teaches her son when he goes abroad: My
remember to mind your own business and leave your
neghbors alone. That advice is applicable States
territories, and communities as it is to individuals.
My friends, it has been duty during the
to talk more than was consistent with my strength
agreeble with my feelings. I have determined that
would proceed quietly the capital without making any
speeches. but when found my fellow citizens of
Maryland of this great city of Baltimore, sympathizing
with the people of the North in behalf consttu
tional principle could refrain from stopping and
exchanging sentiments in order if we did not ad
vocate the same principles and entertain the same nat
Otc regard for the the constitution under which we live
NJ friends believe, if these prnces firmly adhered
to and faithfully carried out this goriousy Union can
exist forever divided into free and Slave States as our
athers made it, each State retaining the right have
just such laws and institutions it may choose
to you my grateful Acknowledgements for the kind and
respectful manner in which you have listened, and
threfore, bid you good night.
After the speech of Judge Douglas, loud calls
were made for George Northrop, Esq, of Philadel-
phia. He responded from the main stairway of the
house, and made very chaste and eloquent speech
Judge Douglas received great many persons
last night, and between the hours of y and l to-
day. he will be happy to see all who may be pleas
ed to call on him.
THE IRON INTEREsT.--The Philadelphia North
american of yesterday, says A misleading and in