The daily exchange. [volume] (Baltimore, Md.) 1858-1861, 1859-05-13

nature of her relations with Russia
The REVOLUTION IN TUSCANY.
From the Times, april %
Intelligence has reached us to the effect that the
Grand Duchy-not the Grand Duke-of Tuscany.
has declared in favor of Italian independence, or,
IN other words, has cast in its lot with France and
fledmont. of all the Italian States, the Grand
Duchy has been the least misgovered since 1915:
put even there the rulers in the hour of trial find
long score of arrears which they must now dis
charge. Even so short while back as 1S4S the
present urand Duke might have conciliated to him
sell the goodwill and respect of his peope-for his
IN truth, had never been a grinding tyranny. The
farmers and peasantry of that rich valley of the
Arno had lived happily and peacefully enough
anuer to MS rule and they remembered it to him in
the hour OF his need. When he absconded-
there Is no other term in which to describe the man
ner OF his precipitate fight-after the events of
lo4s, ne was recalled by the affection of his people,
anu tranquiIly replaced on his petty throne. The
return he made to fill the Archducbv with
Austrian troops, and to convert it into q mere
satrapy of Austria He had sworn to a Constitu-
hon-he repelled it. He violated every promise
express OF implied which he had made in the midst
OF the turmoils of that eventful wear.
Now, whether it is that the Tuscans were a mora
enduring and patient race than the Inhabitants of
the other Italian States whether it is that the
manner In which the rulers had exercised their
sway, despotic as it may have been was far noidar
than was the fashion of other Italian princes. wbeth
er tuscany lay so near to the great Austrian gar
rlsons and was so filled with Austrian troons and
80 Meahi tnat any attempt at insurrection could
not put be instantly crushed; or finally whether
taught at last by the events of ls4s. the Italian
friends OF Italian independence had resolved nayar
dgan until they could act in concert it is
that the reactIonary policy of the little Tus
can court was tolerated with singular discretion
ana forDearance by the people. The desire TO free
themselves from the despotism of Austria was
Inere, put they engaged in no idle plots and gave
no excuse TO their foreign task-masters for the in
Fiction of useless misery and pain. They had nodo
up their minds to bide their time and the time
mas arrived at last. The Grand Duke and bis fon
ny were tolerated, not abhorred their presence ex
trod no Oh menace aroused no scowl of ha-
tred IN the streets; good humored shrup of indf-
terence expressed the feelings of the people Thav
knew that when the axe was laid to the GREAT trco
whlcn rad struck its roots so deep in Upper It
alY, the branch which overshadowed Tuscany must
wlther and perish So it has proved if the intelli
gence we have now received be true and If NOT
true IN all particulars to-day, it will assuredIy be
so soon. "
The superior officers of the Tuscan troops have
presented themselves, so it is stated to the Grand
Duke at Florence, and have declared to him that
the only way to prevent the revolt of his little ar
my IS to unfurl the flag of Italian indenendenca
ana 10 unite at once with the Piedmontese This
was demand to which the Grand Duka was nnt
hkely TO accede. He is said to have sent immodi
ately for a popular Tuscan nobleman, and to have
requested him to form Administration for the
purpose OF granting such reforms as might be ne
cessary., But 1T was too late. The time for seda
'-' was past. Two preliminary
steps were indispensable to the formation Of on
admlnistration-the first that the Grand Dnke
should abdicate; the second that there shouId be
a declaration of alliance with Piedmont. With
such conditions the Grand Duke refused to comnlv
and, as 1t is sad has preferred to abandon tLe
Grand Duchy altogether with his family leaving
lts future destlnies to chance-to the will of the
PeoPie-to the fortune of war. When we add that
Dy the same report we are informed that tbe
hlng OF SARDINIA has been declared Dictator or
tuscany during the war, we give the sum of
the intelligence we have received and which
ssems entitled to belief, though as yet it wants con-
hrmatiOn. WI
All this, indeed, points to a forerone conclusion
IL Is no common propaganda which has been at
work in Italy since the autumn of 1856, Nearly
every man among the educated classes who has not
oeen aosoIutely connected by ties and personal in
terest with the ruling pOwsrs has been member
OF 1t: No mysterious cake may have passed from
hand to hand, as recently in India, but the move
ment was as thoroughly organized and carried on
IN as complete subsection to a central will as the
one which but two years ago copyulsed our own
Indian Empire. We shall have more incidents
OF the same kind to record within the next few
days, for the Duke of Modena and several other of
the smaller Potentates, were far more hateful to
their people than was ever this fugitive Grand
Duke OF the Tuscans. That portion, indeed of the
Italian soil on which the Austrian armies are ON
camped or which Is commanded by their fortresses
Is Austran-not asquare rood besides WouId
that we could see the independence of the Italian
pS'PiC- hpulu IlldL we could see, a cd
Italy at the end of this strurp q! But when tho
Italians, by French help-shoud this be the event
have chased the Austrians from their neninsula
who Will help them to drive away the French }
men we thlnk OF the hanging and shootings, and
expressions of the French to the southward of the
Alps IN former days. it is difficult to decide whetb
er they or the Austrians have been the sternnr
taskmasters of Italy.
Inc London Advertiser says that a proclamation
from the Queen was about to be issued caIIing omt
ten thousand men for the navy and OFFERING b1nnt,
OF ten pounds to each man an inducement to en-
ter the service. " vi
The Channel squadron, which had gone to the
Mediterranean, was to be Immediately recalIad.
and on the 27th four new ships of the line yraro
placed in commission.
The formation of volunteer rifle corps tbrouoh.
out England was being strongly urged on the gov.
Large war insurances had been talan ou+ a.
Lloyds by foreign ship owners, and on nearly ali
kinds OF policies increased premiums were demand
ed Sandman and Austrian vessels could scarcely
oe insured on any terms, and even for English for
protraced periods, especially in the ST. PETERSBURG
trade, considerable addition was made.
From the liverpool TeIegraph ApyR 2o1
Inc Cunard screw steamer Etna being sur
veyed, preparatory to her being chartered bv the
DliIsh n 4 government ior the conveyance of troops
to the Mediterranean. Negotiations for charters
mad also been initiated by the French government,
but it is stated that the transatlantic sbinnin1
houses, having received instructions that all availa-
oiC lHcdHs VI transport WOulQ De required DV the
british government, declined business with the
French agents.
A large operator the Liverpool Exchange
named Roberts was declared a defauIter, and his
Liabilities are stated at from $500 900 to f5OO 600
1t was considered that all chances of the new Rus
sian loan being negotiated in England or Germany
had vanished.
The late intelligence relative to the continental
crsls has created considerable activity in the Wool
wlch arsenal and dockyard. government messen-
ger arrived at the arsenal on Thursday, under spe-
clal orders to deliver his despatch into no other
hands out those OF Captain Boxer, Superintendent
OF the Laboratory, who was absent at the time.
The despatch, 1t appears, contained important in
structons for the hasv preparation of an abundant
supply OF war materials to be ready for any sud
den emergency. On Thursday morning an extra
number OF hands were engaged in the Laboratory
Department, and shot and shell were put in process
of being cleaned and coated in readiness for use
The heads of departments were on Thursday
summoned by telegraph to meet in committee at
the War Department, Pail Mall. Upwards of 100
600 shot and she'll and 100 siege and other guns
have been delivered for transport to Gibraltar alone
during the present month, and corresponding
number for Malta and the Ionian Islands
The 18th and 18th companies of ROYAL Engineers
will embark for the Mediterranean early in the en-
suing month, the 2Sth for Corfu and the 10Th for
Malta.
The steam transport Oscar arrived at Woolwich
pier on n1hursday morning, and commenced shin
ping shot, she'll and guns for Gibraltar The steam
ers Britannia and Peninsula and the Sidney Hall
have sailed with a large cargo for the same nlaca
1t has transpired that about two or three months
back, one of the principal chart sellers in London
received an order simultaneously from the French
and Russian governments, to the extent of f5OC
each, for number of copies of each of the chart,
and surveys of the English and fortified place,
as well as those of our stations in the Mediterra
mean, &c. Struck by the magnitude of the order
he considered himself bound to mention it to the
Admiralty, but no objection was made to its beino
executed. About three weeks back a similar or.
der, to the amount of $780, came I; ON the Spanish
government, and on Thursday fresh orders of f5OC
each have arrived from France and Russia In tbi,
case the charts OF the ports and coasts of our In
dian possessions are included. The Admiralty. of
course, are not to be blamed for sanctioning the
sale, because II refusal was given the required CO.
pies could be easily obtained by indirect means
The screw steamship BGotia, it is said. has beer
chartered at Liverpool by the French agents to
carry Goals from South Wales to Brest Some OF
the principal houses in London connected with
France and Russia, have also been actively engaged
in making large purchases of coal, their orders
being to take what they could get, irrespective
quality, price or port The question has accord
ingly been very strongly discussed whether such
supplies can be fairly furnished by as a neutral
Power. Fifty years back no one would have
dreamt of including coal among munitions of war:
but the introduction of steam power has raised it
to equal Importance with powder lead or apy of
the other materials usually prohibited. At the
same time 1t n contended by many that even if
there shouldBe any disinclination to adopt this
view, an export duty might appropriately be levied
with the object not merely of improving the re-
venue, but of bettering the prospect of the rela-
i've supply for our own purposes in case of need
All warllke orders at present attract attention
and it is therefore noticed that as many as twenty
seven gunboats of very light draugit, together
with some vessels of larger size, are at present
building on the Thames for the Spanish govern