The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1859-05-20

!
cross the Rhine with banners inscribed Uniyersa suf
fraseio all Germany" Which Of the German States would
then be his eEemy2
ITALY-HER PAST AND PRESENT-HER
FRIENDS AND FOES
TO TIE EDIroR OF THE NEW YORK HERALD
There H. perhaps, no country in the worid-not even
excepting Greece and Palestine venerable for their rem
nscences and monuments OF our religious croed-whioh
enlightened foreigners and travellers at with greater
interest and sympathy than Italy No country has 20
constantly occupied the attention ofmanknd past Ages
none at present many so various and absorb
ing claims TO consideration, as Italy
Other lands may attract the curiosity OF tourists for
few peculiar objects OF interest The Alhambra reminds
U.S. by her splendid ruins Of the Moorish exploits and the
Gothic heroes OF ancient Spain France may boast of her
bouevards her WARRIORS her galan. fnonsrchs aud her
most accomplished courters Greece robbed by English
vandas OF her precious relics scarcely rescued from
the bands Of babarans only sigh over the scenes that
are immortal But no other land Does like Italy throws
chain over the affections and memories Of all II ia ouy
on her classic soil and under her celestial sky that every
taste and feeling OF the mind find ample means of gra
tincatoA
Italy Is On both its northern and western boundaries
proteos"A hy thick and close chain of high mountains
tue Alps. the sumal,s which covered with e,A-rai
snow, seem like the Tans Of Old TO challenge III. sube
iualenable supremacy Of Heaven. From that almost i'm
pregnabe barrier another chain mountains called
the Apprentices, which divide the peninsula almost all it's
verge in unduat;ng down to the plains inter.
sected oy beautiful rivers, like the Adige, Po cino,
Ano, per and by many lees important rivers and ca
mails, which spread fertility and abundance among the
'h They RRe3Rsd Ss,5eS 81 Of shs sSansy
peninsula is inhabited has been more successful hApA3
serving and developing the seeds OF learning inherited from
their ancestors than desposm and tyranny have been In
their constant endeavor to prevent their growth
amongst the facts which strike most mpressively
mind, and would almost make one doubt about provi-
dental justice, the anomalous political situation Of
Italy. The unceasing complaints Of the Italian nation
asd II 'a sns Of is,
desire OF founding compact union; that state OF
cas- ness, almost Of martyrdom, to which remedy
much genius, many great names much poesy, such
refined arts SO much influence the progress Of human
say, always united to such degree Of misery and
moral dstress-crcsc confusion III the best reasonngs
OF history and IN the common logic OF right and wrong
For the last fourteen centuries how many expressions
how many tyranHies did not Italy endure? Some we're
transient such invasions whilst long and
protrac,ed like conquests which cannot be numbered
After the C9gars Of Rome came the barbarans, who,
ike to destructive torrents inundated all Italy, ana after
the Emperors Gauls Germans, Anjouins, Aragonians,
French Spaniards and finally the French republicans Of
1885, then the bloody reactions Of the Austro Russians
under Suwarrog and Cardinal Ruo after this the sublime
despotism Of Napoleon I which followed by the
cruel and sangainTy prosecutions of the Haynaus,
of the Austrian dukes in Central Italy, and
the Spanish Bourbons at Naples.
interests
princes represented and advocated where the
raj natoas Europe were distributed like cattle at fair
among tie highest bidders, Italy divided into four
teen different States, viz
l. The Iornberoo Venetian kingdom allotted to Austria
Parma and Piacenza, e. dpohy, to the Archduchess
Maria Louisa, widow OF Napoleon.
g. Modena and Reggie, duchy, to an Austrian Arch
duke.
4. Nassa and Carrara, 70 the Austrian Archduchess
Beatrix.
S. TIE Grand Ducby of Tuscany, another Austrian
Arohduke
D-;,n
I. Rome and Romagna, 70 the Pope.
s. The Kingdom of the Two Sciles to Bourbon Of the
Spanish branch.
9 The parish Of St Narao, an irony OF republic.
10. Malta To England.
II. CoIeics, 70 France.
IL. Monaco and hontone, to q petty prince.
10 The Cations Of Tcao and GTsoDs, to Helveto COME
Iteration
- Piedmont and Sardinia TO the Iiouge of SAVOY
Although by toe treaties Of vienss, for which English
ministers and dipomatsts 10 entertain the most
tender feelings love and veneration the Emperor Of
the Iawful master only OF the so called
Lombardo Venetian kingdom ID is kno@ that untoward
inut nee has been gradually increasing and spreading
over the other smaller States which could be better CON
sideted as simple vassalfeuds Of Austria than ndepen-
dent soveregniies Procaning herself the updaunted
champion Of all the petty governments OF the Peninsula
matters not how bad they be- Austria has always deem
ed her right 10 oppose invasion all the uttemDts
made different occasions By the oppressed people
tain from their princes more supportabe laws and
humane nstitioBE Austrian armies appeared wherever
the cry Of constitution representative governs
raised Auftfian oayones pn down tae constitutions
govern mems at Naples and Turin 1921 at Bologna
and Central BAY in 1891, and drowned sea Of the
pures Italian boot the revolutionary movements Of all
| Italy In l64S-'49.
In view of these facts 1t wonder that Austrian
dominion is looked upon by the whole italian nation
with invncble feeling OF abhorrence and that antpa
| thy and hatred the only sentiments which the 0p
pressed people entertain for their oppressors But Still
the true cause OF this general, deep discomfort OF the
alisns and especially OF the Lobssd VeDetans TO be-
found in that natural aversion that every nation feels IL
beng governed by Strangers and n this case by people
with which they nave no; the least analogy Of race,
habits propeDs tiea language. II is enough to
the provinces Of Lonbardy 10 be convinced that the
Arstrans bod an pment, rather than permanent
oonce IN those countries All the hoGsoa from the hum
best hut TO the most sunpuous palace, constsn J
coseo 10 iDc agents Of .be Austrian In pub
c places al the theatres in the streets, you
absolute separation OF the Datres from their hated 10
reign mas'ers az we're country taken by enemy
u~teeed for her cruel and barbarous acs and this
aushsitory cophinon, but has been the normal
the country aimee 1876, and to which only a fatal and ra
deal overthrow Of the Austrian domination can bring
change
The stipulslcns Of the Congress of Vienna for whic
the British sts esuen show such religions respect bav
rather too obsolete 10 bind any lon ger the italia
nation misrule Of their petty tyrspts and 70 tn
ng despotism OF the House Of AapsourQ Tn,
treaties u Vienna twice rampled upon 1890
Paris They we're obteratei by the protocols of Bpses
they aside when Poland ceased be an ndeper
dent Kingdom when Crac0w became Austrian 70,
trees finally they torn 10 pieces in the street
n Milan during the live glorious days OF Marct
of ls4s; end the subsequent recovery OF the Lon
bard provinces by the Austrian soldiers cou
not reestabish TIE rights and obligations
toee pdous stpulatons 10 which Italy had never been
party, aud agarst which nearly all the people OF cont
mental Europe have been constantly protesting The ind
pspdence of Italy, the right Of having national COVER
men " her choice cannot be opposed any longer
the hypocriuca doctrines Of old and discarded dpl
macy From the times OF Crescentius, Rierz Masauel
ard Pniip Stbozkb-from the famous Convention
Sonda where 800 Italian cities established the basis
the Lombard League, Town 70 the disastrous captuao