Des Arc citizen., 1859-12-21
From The New Orleans Crescent. THE NEW MEXICAN TREATY
  Virtual Annexation of More Mexican TcrrItor,

The recent news from Mexico is of great
 importance. Mir. McIane, after long effort
 and many disappointments, has at length got from President Juarez formal approval of a
 new treaty, which makes the most valuable concessions to the United States. This treaty has been dispatched to Washington and as it seems to answer all the demands heretofore
 made upon Mexico, we presume little delay
 will transpire before it is fully ratified by our Government. A little examination of the
 articles of this treaty, Gas it has been reported | here) shows that in case it is fully agreed to- and the compact between the two nations firmly entered into. the United States will
 have legally acquired the right to a military
 protectorate over an important portion of Mexican territory, if not a virtual annexa- | ton of the soil itself. The following are some of the main concessions that Juarez
 has made, in favor of the United States: The right of way, in perpetuity, for rail-
 road or other communication across the 18th
 mus of Tehuantepec, from ocean to ocean. The right of way, in perpetuty. for rail- road from some point on the Rio Grande,
 across the States of Tamaulipas, Coahuia
 and New Leon. Durango and Sinaloa, te the
 port of Mazatlan, on the Pacific.
 The right of way, in perpetuity, for rail- road from the Territory of Arizona, across
 the State of Sonora to the port of Guaymas,
 on the Gulf of California.
 | The right to erect warehouses at the ter mini of all these transit routes, and freely to
 navigate the waters with which they commn- nicate.
 The right to transport goods and merchant disc, destined for Arizona or California, or
 thence back to the other ports of the United States, free of duty, by each and all of the
 routes across the Republic, whatever may be | their description or of what country.
 | These articles AR it will be seen. give to Americans the right to traverse Mexico in nearly every direction, and to transport at pleasure, free of duty, such goods as they
 may design to carry across the country,
 designed for Arizona or California. Who
 makes these grants, and what is the ability of
 the grantor to guarantee their enjoyment9 | There's the difficulty. Juarez who is the Constitutional President of Mexico, and who
 has been recognized as such by the United
 States, probably could not at this minute | travel fifty miles beyond the precincts of Vera | Cruz without losing his ears, if not his head. | His naked grant, then, to any party, of the I right to traverse the Republic " from East
 to West, and to carry across from border to
 border merchandise free of duty, might be thought to possess something of the ludicrous | in it but for subsequent clause, which is
 highly significant The clause is as follows: The right is conceded to the United States, with or without the consent and cooperation of Mexico, to protect, by force of arms if
 necessary, all these transit routes, their prop
 erty and rights of way.
 | And, again. the same thing is put more
 peremptory forward, by the following arti-
 cle in the supplementary conventions
 The right is given to the United States to l intervene by force of arms if necessary, to
 protect citizens and property of the United States in Mexico, and to force these same | treaty stipuations.
 If we look an instant at the inevitable con sequences of an attempt on the part of the United States, to secure the practical enjoy. ment of these important concessions, we will
 see that the treaty amounts to virtual put tlng of Mexico under the military protection
 of the United States. Let an American mer-
 chant, for instance. attempt to cross Mexico,
 from the Rio Grande to the Guaymas, with
 goods intended for the contiguous American
 country Before he had finished days jour
 ney, he would be stopped by rowing bands of
 soldiers protesting allegiance to the Church
 faction, who would only consider his suaran-
 tees under Juarez as additional incentives to
 attack and despoil him. This would make il
 apparent that the privileges obtained rom
 Juarez, to be valuable to Americans, must be
 vindcated and protected by troops. And
 before the right of transit could be used with
 safety by our people, the United States wond
 have to take and hold the complete military
 possession of the whole line of country
 This, undoubtedly, is what is contemplated by both the Liberal President and MT
 McLane.
 } Possibly the plan has been agreed upon be
 tween our Minister and Juarez to arrive, indl rectly, at what it is impossible for them al
 rectly to effect Our wisest politicians hav' long cherished the idea of acquiring iron Mexico another slice of her territory on ou
 Southern frontier, in order to throw into ou hands the Gulf of California, with its ports ant advantages necessary for the future develop P ment of that whole region, which, besides pc f ing rich in agricultural capacity, IS studded with mines of gold, silver and copper. m ,, project of buying he strip of country iron I the Rio Grande to the Gulf has been ife T ouenty discussed, and many were urging tn - present as a favorable time to procure tn s concession from Juarez. But there was q fatal obstacle to the Liberal President maxim i. the grant: his official existence emanate . from the Constitution of the Republic ( 7 Mexico: for being the Chief Justice at til s happening of vacancy in the Presdentl' l. chair. he succeeded to the office in pursuahc is to the Constitution. It would hardly be COT IS sstent for Juarez, then,to violate the Constit I. tion. and vet clause in that instrument 10 if bids the further alienation of Mexican terr h tory. Juarez, therefore, was stopped ITO | making a direct sale; nor was the Unit' States in much better position to ask TOT C. purchase We had recognized Juarez as u y Constitutional President, and given preferen t? to his claim because of the superiority of u- egal title to the office. It did not become st to tempt him into q violation of the Cons it tuition by offering to buy territory he w ,t forbidden to sell. .. II manner tied, both were desirous, apparentl s: Inf striking trade Juarez needed none st. and our Government desired the strip of t' ed ritory that would throw into our possessl he the Gulf of California on the Pacihc' ,a. recent treaty seems designed to accommod'
 tbe wishes of both without technical vio II tion of the Constitutions; Juarez ooes ! ' grant the territory, but he grants the righ' IS perpetuity to hold it by force, independent rd Mexico, and enjoy it; and the United oon Sta 'ur is to pay the needy President S4ooo'ooo nd the privilege -
 o' The President and his Ldbors.-The wa u ington Correspondence of the NC" II AIT Times says:
 lst, The fact is, the President labors very m
 each day beyond what his years ana hea not should be called upon to endure. Gu- enters his office at A. M. every morn on having taken light breakfast at Ii; o5 there works steadily at his desk, reeefV leu visitors. reading letters and writing messa oth and orders until o'clock each afternt aek except on days when the Cabinet IS ca en- together for the transaction of special D an, ness. These Cabinet meetings generally ned mence at P. M. and sometimes last for bis- or five, and oftentimes six hours. I ion evening again the President has to devote
 eral hours to receiving visitors on puolie z
 poIitical business, supervising reports Il ave the Departments, and pulling up any arr ure ages of labor which the day hours may e is Jeff unfinished. Never was there T lge, laborious man in the same high office eov- never. one perhaps, whose real and eal this desire to serve the public interests has t;n,. so disastrously misconceiyed. From S S'S office windows, which have inst before [ )en- ', .no ,,,e,,nn,ent Mr. Buchanan looks dow em- a country which has become agitated