The weekly hawk-eye. [volume] (Burlington, Iowa) 1858-1860, 1859-06-14

bFoseh. 1foverthr0wn, however, they might
lie helpless - turtles oa their backs, for
any villain % chop into with hatchek :
Froissazf tslls Of Pops's nephew who was
taken prisoner and killed 6of The sake Of his
magnificent armor.
| Chivalry was, At last, blown up by gun.
i p0wdee y ut 10 . shams," said Bayard, OF the
asQuebuoe, s'that brave man should be cx.
posed 10 b killed BY miserable fop"--
Montluo wished that the arquebuse had
mover been invented BY the devil 81 sho j
mot bear the marks Of it, and many brave
and valiant men would not have been killed
BY poltroons, who shoot irons distance Ii. oss
they would not dare to face in fair com
hat
IL was among the Swiss. the peoyle least
adected by the love ct -ctivalfy, that the use
OF regular infantry was restored in the
fOufteenth century. The Swiss infantry
were pikemen whose efficiency soon became
felt, and infantry columns became an i'm
portant section Of an army in the other lands
Of Europe.
In 1927. about twenty years before the
battle Of Csecy, the first use Of guns is said to
Fave been inside in England, ct the battle Of
Wsrewster. A hundred years later portable
f.e-arms were invented by the Italians; but
they were, Of course, very cumbrous while
the great guns were 90 heavy and clumsy,
that in Henry Wills reign an English ship
under the weight Of her ordnance, went to
the bottom, with her commander and six
hundred men. The hand guns were used
with matchbox till the pyrits wheel lock
was invented. Then came the frelock, q
Dutch invention, which was not generally
adopted in this country till Dutch William
was on the throne, in about the year 1892.
That 10 enough to say in this place Of the
early history Of guns. We 60 back to the
art Of war, which was reviewed especially by
Prince Maurice Of Nassau. When heading
a people fighting for liberty, opposed to the
best generals in Europe, he 90 disciplined
and exercised his troops, that his camp was
visited by men from all Protestant counties
as the best known military school, Danes,
Swedes, Protestant Frenchmen and Germans,
Englishmam and Scotchmen, were appren-
ticed to arms in the camp of Maurice while
the German Catholics, Italians, Sicilians,
| Poles and Spaniards went to the low Coun.
tries for the same purpose, and were taught
10 the camp of his adversary, the Marquis
Spinola.
Then there was Gustavus Adolphus who
made for himself o scientific name in war
he perfected the spirit Of subordinati
increased the proportion OF FIRE arms, used
lighter muskets, diminished the depth of the
ranks, relieved the pikemen of their cuirass,
and was the first man who put his soldiers
in uniform.
Fire arms now required supplies of ammu-
milton. If general could feed an army on
the enemy, he could not raise powder and
shot out Of the soil. The necessity for pre-
serving what is called base of operations
that is to say, for keeping up a way Of free
access for supplies now therefore becomes
imperative, and adds to the demand for
careful strategy. Gustayus was the FIRST gen.
eral who thoroughly appreciated this
Battles, at the beginning of the sixteenth
century were usually fought as incidents in
sieges, a. accidents IA willful challenges of
strength; they were not critical and decisive
parts OF one great scheme of war Turenne
and Condo were the first to see that the ia
king and defending of fortresses may form
but u secondary object in war, and that bat.
ties may be fought for greater ends From
their time this knowledge advanced We'll
iington and Butcher marched from Waterloo
to Parls, indifferent to seventy-fve fortresses
that lay about their path, and unimpeded by |
them.
The next pair of great scientific soldiers
are Eugene and Marlbor> ugh, whom we find |
engaged in the war OF the Spanish succession. |
In the battle OF Blenheim, the capital errors |
OF Marshal Tallard, the defeated general,
against whom the best skill was brought, arc
said to have been no less than twelve and
Vlileroi, at Families, is said to have commit
ted five blunders, any one of which was
enough to secure his own defeat
Then there is Eugene's famous flank march
for the relief Of Turin, when the French
besieged it with a loss of eighty thousand
men.
Charles tho Tive fifth OF Sweden may have
had more courage than skill He is said to
have neglected his base of operations. He
was ruined, also, by battle that he was not
compelled to fight, and which it hardly would
have been gain to win.
At the beginning of last century, musket
and pike were blended into the bayonet;
the effective force of infantry was thus great
ly strengthened, while it was made much
easier to handle.
Cavalry in the first campaigns of the time
OF Louis the Fourteenth, approached the
enemy, fired carbines, wheeled and returned
to reload, or, il they charged sword in hand,
it was at a trot with long intervals in the
squadrons. Frederick the Great saw the
strength Of a shock of cavalry in close
and heavy column hurled ut full gallon
against the hostile rank The utmost use
was made of the horse power, and then the
horsemen in close conflict fought at an ad
vantage with their swords This implied,
however, an exposure of the cavalry, which
led Frederick to introduce the use of horse
artillery. of that arm, therefore, he is the
founder. In his time, also, the invention of
thu hxy %ho g !
trlfiing matter Is it seems, doubled the fire
OF infantry.
In the days of Louis the Fourteenth, Vau.
ban commenced his career as a lieutenant of
infantry. He lived to be present at fifty.three
sieges, and one hundred and forty well con-
tested actions. He remodeled more tina
three hundred ancient citadels, and built
more than thirty fortresses. His is the first
great name in modern history of fortifcation,
and his skill was especially remarkable in
the employment Unnatural aids toward the
strength Of the defences planned by him.
At the siege of Namur, he was opposed by the
Dutch Engineer Cohorn, whose name is borne
by the mortars he invented ,
Marshal SAKE entered the French service
in seventeen twenty-two. He fought and
won three battles, and he was the one who
the use Of q regular cadence in
To return to Frederick the Great. lie won ,
the battle Of Leuthen by use Of an oblique
order OF battle, artiully devised, and, indeed,
practised year before ut Postsdam. The ,
battle Is said to begin new epoch in military ,
science, and has caused the theory of the
,blique order to be ascribed to Frederick. )
Until that time it had been understood i'm :
after that time it was for years !
The basis upon which every battle fought in
Germany was formed =
We have to pause next at the namessof j
Washington One of the chief gains to the /,
lrt OF war, secured by the struggle in Amer
Ca, was perception of the use Of rlfemen, !;
who atterward were generally employed ,
throughout Europe There, in the mean
,ime the ways Of Frederick the Great were :
being copied slavishly, down to the tight :
coats and pipe clay Of the soldiers until the
lime of Napoleon. who overset all dull tradi. /
ion, and taught with new vigor the value of :