Semi-weekly standard. [volume] (Raleigh, N.C.) 1853-18??, 1859-11-23

pie Cotton; while q TIT p - xs<ssS.s..k
would langnish q 49, ~ r. r -, ~
m, e tie atuoeoSssS Rehk c0 aa lnds{
~ IN IaltivatiSx dr. 6sls6 = sanng mt
66rmtv IA b1IueI 8 thslpt Ian eiss. but they
haye souehs 6se tSssai3oaa With Which to Oil the
eerth. to1iehlsn ~ asnr Of uan and beast, and By
thorough Puivssaltisn md cultivation q he scss
to draw from h the largest quantity u produce With
the lest iajury To the soil itself whe"evsr the |
business Of cu,ivating the earth besins to decline
in Great Britain; when her people come, they
ssss- shoald come, to sttach more importance Z"
commerce than to tho means Of commerce; when
they CONS IN think moro Of their ships than o. mat
interest which feeds the people and hciGh0 The
ships then may il be said Of her. ~ 81 other nations
in which The commercial feature predom'nsscd-
"fh., Trades pruud empire haste. 10 swim dse.y.
As ccvan sweeps The isb.Hed us.Is svsy;
While srlEdep<ndent pnwwr can time defy;
A. rUeks resist the 6sllows and The skv.
This .seledependent power" belongs pre-cmi.
nently to North. Carolina About the same AREA OF
Great Britain, North Carolina has good larss ~
great abundance; . latitude better suited to the
grape and other fruits; many, IL not more he''''
ties for manufacturing; and four Errat staples 'os'
eign to British SOIL to wit rice tobacco indian CORN
and cotton. England is an old. ours Is new coan-
try. Our population Is about twcaty to the square
mile IL equal to that Of England sixteen m''l'onso
human beings would swarm upon our surface Only
about one-sxth Of entire AREA Is In esls'ssso"
every square yard Of England serves some purpose 81
aiornment, profit, or utility. Comparing the two
countries-thc,r natural resources the advantages
We have over her in climate in the ioor great sta
PIES in our species Of labor in our exemption NON
rental charges, from the burdens Of Church and
State, and from the blight Of ahscntccism and PRIV
legged orders-what great and glorious future Is
before US, II We arc only true to oarseivess
All Soils to be productive, must possess certain
properties or elements Organic or vegetable mat
ter must exist in due proportions with earthly or M
organic matter. There must he what the chemists
call phosphorus sulphur, potash, soda, lime. mag
ncsia, iron, silica and alumina. A good fair coil,
for example, contains seventy -four per cent or parts
Of slick sand Eve parts Of organic matter. four
ly traces but small quantities 81 Phosrhor'e acd,
lime magncsia, potash, and soaa-makinS IN all the
one hundred parts Of any given quantity. Different
kinds of plants require these properties in different
proportions. The grains cobs husks> silks leaves.
stalks and tasscls of corn for example, are made up
Of different properties, each one containing its own
proper quantity. The grains and cub both e""s.'"
potash and soda the grains more Of each than the
cob while the two contain the same quantity Of lime
The leaves take up silica, potash and snia in largo,
and lime and magncsia in considerable proportions.
Wheat requires silica lime potash. so,ia and phnr-
phoric acid in large proportions; the silica Tor the
straw, and the other elements mentioned for the
grain. The fiftyeighth part in one hundred Of the
potato il potash and sofa. The tobacco plant con-
soda, nine Of magncsia, fourteen Of phophatcs Of
lime and magnesia eight Of sulphuric acid. and four
Of silica The cotton plant with the sccdA sbounds
| in lime, potash. soda, and masncsia-
Now, these are hard names and the practical Gar.
mer may be curious to know in what respect they
affect his business; but they are not more difieult
to the agricultural chemist and the thoroughly sci.
ent6c farmer than compasscs and planes arc To the
carpenter chascs shooting sticks to the printer.
or advowsonS dctinuc. or trover to the lawyer
Every practical farmer. who has xucrcclcd well In
his vocation,-who has made good crop, and Of the
same time preserved or increased the original frrtili
ty Of his land has avacd himself Of the elements
agencies just referred to. He may not have known
| these agencies or elements by name, and he may
have attached but little importance to what d called
book, or scientific farming; yet, whenever he ditch
ed or drained or ploughed horizontally, or thorough
~ cultivated his lana.-and whenever he applied
fertilizers to Il, whether in the form Of stable
nures, lime, plaster. guam. green crops turned
in. he pr.c,ced the principles Of agricultural chem
istry, and was, to that extent scientific farmer.
In order to produce. a. We have just stated thru
must be, fret, fertility Of soil-that ID suitable soi
for the seeds planted: sreoad warmth; tAiri mois
ture The air is reservoir or holder and dispeosei
Of substances which improve the soil and water I
the medium Of communication. Earth. air. water
light and heat; these arc the agents in the lahor.
tory Of nature hy which production l. CONSTANT,
maintained Without the earthly inorganic mat
ter without light an! heat in due proportions
without the ammonia and carbonic acid Of the ai
mosphere. and ~ithout water. which holss both sm
monia and carbon;c acid in solution. anil in descend
Ing, mparts it to vegetation. the h,shandmsn wou
plant in vain. For example. the soil l. prepared
and grain Of cnrn is deposited in the ground Cu
der the influence Of warmth and moisture Il expani
and manifssts life. Gradually but surely. ohcyin
the feprncple infused into Il by the Creative hans
il first senls it, riot downwards and fastens Il I
the SOIL while ], shoots up it, green bud In drink
the light and the richness of the air. Soon the Tar
root, which steadies the stalk. sends out smalls
roots in all directions. which feel for and absorb III
nutrient properties Of the earth. The plant m,
lives and Sreathcs. Taking mp substances f,,m III
soil, by the aid Of water and the comiioe.l action
air and light It deposits them in the stalk and blade
Now the tasscl appears. and then the shoot, with /
delicate silk the pollen from the tasxrl, shaken
the winds. is showered on the silk, and the xr,ir
are formed. The plant then natures. and n. =
have 1.-THE ripe corn in the ear" Thus since d
creation, has all vegetation been formed, varyis
only in the modes and periods peculiar to ca
plant
! It is obvious then that agriculture does not mer
imply clearing: blowing. digging. and har1nwin
but that It Il science or art and must be purSn
with the same intelligence and perseverance, Viii,
arc indispensable to success in other vocasiona.
The soil in its primitive state generally yics ahun
anty, and the first tillcr enjoys its productivcnr
without thinking Of the exhaustion going on. or
the Importance Of renova,ing measures. This b
been peculiarly the case in the old Atlantic STATE
Vast bodies Of land have been cleared scourxed q
exhausted by farmers, rany Of whom entertain
|. the erroneous opinion that land Vas made to
worn out; and having. As they thought aero
plshed their work a. farmers in their first locsiit
they have removed to distant regions and settled
new soil This exhansting process was formerly
!: common in the Northern and Eastern States a.
this; but their means Of intercommunication and
reaching the markets Of tho world which were q,
! established. and the demands for beeadstuiIs o
! life-sustaining food Of al kinds created by III
rapidly increasing population result In . lss
!. degree Of emigration from Europe-gave IN ext
ordinary impetus to agricultural production. Obi
has been steadily kept up. and The fruits Of whl
IN All Asp,~<sons su ~