The daily exchange. [volume] (Baltimore, Md.) 1858-1861, 1859-08-10
BALTIMORE.
WEDNESDAY, AUGUST 10, 1859,

WEDNESDAY, AUGUST 10, 1859
1osrpH MAzz1y1, true-hearted italian patriot,
hnt a man possessed of only one idea--the unity
ofo1l Ttalv-s not content either with,the peace of
vr1o Frnnca, which wrested from Austria the
,rov;rce of Lombardy, OF with the further conces-
sons that it is still possible to obtain at the Con-
ference at Zurich. Taking, as the main basis Of
his argument, the fact that NAPOLEON III.
has failed to accomplish the whole of his
programme, MAzzINg assumes that the French
EMPEROR has deliberately betrayed the
cause which he had so solemnly espoused-has
bound the Italians still more firmly to the despot-
ism of Austria and has converted Piedmont into
mere fef of France. Entertaining these views,
the old Italian Chief Of the CdTbonari calls upon
his countrymen to refuse the terms Of the Imperial
compact, and trusting neither King nor Kaiser
to yindcate the justice of their cause and their own
patriotic aspirations, by an immediate appeal to
arms. Now is the time he tells them, for prompt
action. Now, in the midst of the complications in
which the Italian States are involved, and while
the spirit of dsafection is rife in Venitia, in the
Romagna in the Duchies, and in the VAL
feline; and he adjures every man /" who
'feels the Importance of the present moment,
''who comprehends how, in these very days, is to
'be dreaded the life or death of people for the
''next quarter Of a century, to rise without hest
tation and stamp with infamy the peace of Villa
franca. If the people demand liberty and Italian
unity, he asserts that the volunteers, who are not
yet disbanded, will join in the cry, and that
GARIBALDI MEzzAcAPo, GRIsoTTI MEpIcI, Co.
sENTz, and the other leaders, will hardly re-
fuse TO respond TO their wishes; ''for are they
'not," says MAzzINI, 'the same men who, years
"ago, saved the honor of Italy in Rome and
'VeniceP" In such war of Independence he
looks for aid not only from the Papa States; from
Venice and the Principalites, but from the italian
patriots of Naples and Sicily; of Piedmont and
Lombardy. He bids his countrymen beware Of
listening TO the counsels of the tmid and the
cowardly. cit is time" he says
THAT the tmid and cowardly be deprived
Of the right counsel Italians suffice it that their
advice already twice dragged the Italian to its
ruin Many the which should determine
the asns undertake the by action Were there
other, this single one would be sufficient 1t would
obige Louis Napoleon completely to unmask himself and
descend another step in the road of nfamy and
by fighting by the side Of Austria Europe tired of
napartism But one Eore drop Is wanting to make the
cup overflow, and this drop be 1t blood, let Italy
twice betrayed by him, contribute"
1t is by no means improbable that the
views expressed by MAzzIM in this, his
latest, proclamation, will find many support
ers, at this time, among those who have been &C.
customed to look up to him for counsel and
advice. But if, as in 1881 and l949, they should
again rise in nsurrection, what hope have they,
alone and unaided of e1pelling the Austrians
from Venitia, and especially from those strong
fortresses which even NAPOLEON III. hesitated TO
attack? Without artillery; with buta scanty sup
ply of arms; with no means for carrying on war
but such as might be derived from voluntary con-
tributions; with the principal field of action al
ready swept clear of supplies, they could scarcely
expect 10 make head against Power which could
pour into Yenitia a constant stream of reinforce
ments, either by way of the Adriatic or by the
passes of the Tyrol. Were Lombardy 10 join the
insurgents it would either be speedily recon-
quered by Austria, or Piedmont must be again
drawn into which would compel the French
army to recrosS the Alps, would leave her. as in
lS48, at the mercy of FRANCIS JOSEPH. Such
he anticipates any objection that might be raised
on that score, by expressing his conviction that
England and Protestant Germany would enter the
field, and say to the despot, "Not step furtherl''
and, also, that the movements of Austria might
be in some measure paralyZed by an instruction
in Hungary. The wish is evidently 'father to the
thought" No reliance can be placed upon En-
u1ie flr ybatn
to the peninsula, the English government has
declared its determination to maintain a strict
neutrality 1t is still more absurd to imagine
that Prussia would take up arms under any
circumstances in behalf of Italian nationality.
Prussia has enough to do to cope with the in
trigues Of Austria at home, and to maintain her
position in the Germanic Confederation More
over, it was her movement of troops towards the
Rhine which, beyond any thing else, checked the
advance of the allies in the moment of victory, and
induced NAPOLEON III. 10 cancel by the treaty of
Villafranca, that portion of his programme which
yet remained unaccomplished If it were possible
10 combine and unite all the elements of Italian
nationality; TO animate thirty millions of people
with the spirit of resistance to subdue all To-
cal antagonists, and TO blend and harmonic, and
concate upon one common object all the various
factions that exist in the peninsula, the plans of
MAzzINI and his confederates might be successfully
carried ont, irrespective of any foreign aid But
even then it is to be feared that the interests of the
victors would clash, and that the dream
c. Italian unity would dissolve in the
presence Of sectional rvalrics MAzzlHI is vision
AIRY. What he desires to do he cannot effect and
those advantages which he might gain for Italy he
will not accept. He would have VICTOR EMANUEL
refuse to receive Lombardy at the hands Of France
because, although his troops assisted in driving
out the Austrians, it was not transferred to him
directly by Austria, but through the hands of his
imperial ally. What matters it how Lombardy was
acquired if the Lombards themselves are satisfied?
With the exception of MAzzIyI, and those who
think with him, there is no who doubts that
VIcToR EMANUEL would willingly have continued
the war until the last Austrian soldier was driven
northward across the Tyrol, or eastward into IL
lyra. What he found it impossible to do was to
cope with Austria alone, and he has, therefore.
acted wisely in accepting the Minco as the pre-
sent boundary of his kingdom, and in abandon
ing all idea Of conquering Venitia until a
The true hopes Of Italy cluster around the stand
ard of VIcroR EMANUEL, and their completest fru-
ton is to be looked fer under a Constitutional
form Of Government. Whatever may be the re-
suit Of the conference at Zurich the openly-avowed
sentiment of Europe is adverse to any future inter-
ference with the administration of the Italian
Duchies the part Of Austria, and it is scarcely
probable that France will send her troops into
those principalities for the purpose of replacing
their fugitive rulers. Austria dares not do so, and
the future destiny, therefore, of Tuscany, Parma,
and Modena, depends mainly upon the will of the
people themselves If they determine to resist the
return of their former sovereigns, and the popular
voice calls for annexation to Piedmont, there is
nothing in the terms of the treaty of Villa Franco
so far as they have been made public-which
prohibits them from carrying out their desire.
What more than this could MAzzINI achieve by
fomenting a new revolution? Twice has he es-
sayed to liberate Italy, and both occasions has
he signally failed The third attempt might pos
sibly succeed; but it is far probable that it
would end as disasrously as before. Surely,
them it is better to conform tG circumstances and,
rather than risk by precipitancy renewal of the
old despotism, to accept condition of things, not