The Council Bluffs nonpareil. [volume] (Council Bluffs [Iowa]) 1857-1867, 1859-07-02

the nrst; a thlfd beyond the range of bat
tie rs the reserve, which the general held in
hand to let loose at q decisive moment, and
secure if possible, the fortune of the
day. Many battles have been decided bv
reserves, and victory is often with the gen.
erai who Is last to bring his reserve into ac-
ton.
Marius abolished the three lines of the
Roman army and divided it into cohorts.
which gave to his force some of the mobili-
ty of modern troops.
The artillery Of old consisted Of arrows,
Of machines for firing great stones, or for
forcing enormous weights in battery against
town walls. Towns were defended by walls
and towers with an outside ditch, wet if pos
sible. Besiegers built movable towers to
alvance against them, overtopping them
that they might pour their missiles down on
the defenders, or level with them, that they
might grapple, throw across bridge, and
pour their fighting men over the ram
parts. They made by trcnching, their ap-
proaches to the bosieged citadel, or they
tried esca!ade by ladders, with main force
or assaults and surprises upon weak points
under cover of the night Walls also were
sapped. The place Of the foundations re-
moved was supplied by wooden beams, un-
til enough space had been undormined Ere
was then put to the wood, and the walls
fell. While this was being done, the de-
Tenders went about fishing among their as
sailants with hugh cranes for fishing rods.
After the wall had fallen, defence Of camp
works might perhaps be found within the
breach. Sieges were often long. As the
Greeks were ten years before Troy, 50 were
the Romans years before Veil.
Caesar taught that a great general should
seek to conquer rather by diplomacy than by
the sword, and Roman prcccpts Of war, ad-
ded to Treatise on Military Art composed
III the latter days Of the Roman Empire,
contain such ideas us these: Try to reduce
your enemy by want. by the terror of your
arms, and by surprise, rather than by regu-
lar battles, for they are frequently decided
by chance. The best projects are those
which you keep hidden from the runmv.-
lie who judges correctly Of his own strength
and that Of the enemy 10 rarely beaten. Con-
suit with several; decide With few men or
alone.
After the fall OF the Rounn l,mnire, the
foundations of the modern European States
were laid III the midst Of Ignorance and tu-
mutt. War was not an art in the middle
ages. knights III their arInUr had TO be Ia
kcn, as castles are taken, by assault and
| breach. 1t overthroWn, however. they might
lie helpless lis turtles on tncir backs, for any
villain to chop into with a hatchct. Er0is-
sart tells Of a rOpe's nephew who was taken
prisoner and killed for the sake Of his mag
uIiiccIt urmor.
Chlvalry was, at last blown up By gun
powder Ii is shame,' said buvard, Of
the arqucGuse, "tiat II brave man should be
exposed to be Killed ',y miserable fOp.'
Nontuc wished that the avquebusc had Mey
e. been Invented hy the lvyll: " sho d not
bear tho marks Vi ~ and many brave and
valiant men would not have been killed by
pO.trOOnS, " 10 shoot from Il distance those
ihey would not dare to face in iuIr COM
| bat.
1t was among tA" Swiss. the people least
affected by the lev Of chjyairy, that the use
Of regular infantry was restored to in the
fourteenth century. The Swiss iufant2y were
! Wkemcn whose efficiency soon brcnlne felt,
and infantry columns hrclme an important
section Of al army il the other lands Of Eu
rope.
! In 1927, about twenty years before the
battle of Crrry, the first use Of guns is said
i II have been made in Eng gland, 1T The battle
, uf y MortWHtcr. \ hundred wears later. port
! H. -. '
! '''' n'e-''''9 were l'' ':'''4 ~ VIC '''''''"''
bui ,'""y were, ct course very c"mhrHuS ;
"''' IN" great guns were so "'"vE ana c'",H-
NH' ~, u" !''! II reign an h";''>I' S.''
"'"',F I1e "cI-n1 0i Ncf oFiN"nc"' went 70
I'M t'I,om' Win h"r coiNih"''i'r an" SlA
i"4H1'cu men, 1"n h""d guns were u9'I
VIZ" u maj t", ocA IL 'Hi ryrt'' "h' q JOCK
was ihyeNt"d: I""h c"At" INe -''!0'N' /"
, '"'e0 1H''nHoH' ""'c" ""s "o' S,M"' my
ADOPTED III MS country XII I'"'s" ''1,.all Ljt
WA. Oh IN" tnIon'' IN ABOUT 'i.9 ar 49,:
NAT Is enough 10 say IN l"IS pace IN 'n's
carry history OF gums we 20 back ~ '"o i'
~ ~ VI ""'' N"'N' "t' ''' -" ~ g =,
fItn2H Na"T'te ol Nassau. t,7 ""tn meaning
lE'i re A1n'!hT5 'F ''oeF'S' " l'>od 10 '''G
''.' 5"HeE'' !" '."'of'' "' ~ '"st'l'Inso
All eAtrc'sed AZ 'f""i'|' '""' ms camp was
'''.i'a by me" l''M ~ 'Io'sT'"NI , c'r"l1'sS i1
a' 'He 'e't Alo" " n'',I'"'H S'''o''' -
S"e1csS, It0'eNS"Nt ! fe"vAiNch ana yer
mans, EnS"sI'"'h anu 91o'e"'nen' were up
prenucsd to arms IN 'Ae camp Gl -N'"F'tS' {,
| While the German LajhJicS, lth4tahS. 'clci--