The Evansville daily journal. [volume] (Evansville, Ia. [i.e. Ind.]) 1848-1862, 1859-05-24

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The Three Fighting Men Of Europe.
AS many of our readers may desire TO
have their memory refreshed, rs respects
the three sovereigns who have plunged
Europe into war, we shall rapidly sketch as
much of their public and personal history as
will do this, without causing WEAKNESS 10y
over-minuteness of detail.
FRANCIS JOSEPH, EMPEROR OF AUSTRIA.
Francis Joseph Charles, Emperor of Aus
tria, was born August Is, 1880. His uncle,
Ferdinand l. abdicated on December 2,
lS49, and this young gentleman assembled
the throne, as next heir. AS is too COM
mon in Europe, the young Emperor COM
menced his reign by issuing n proclamation
to his subjects, full of promises. Under his
| rule, Austria was To have freedom and n con-
stitutiOnal gOvernment-the monarchy was
| to be reformed-the people were TO have
equality of government, on the basis of true
liberty, and on the basis of their equal par
ticipation i'm the representation and legisla-
ton. Scarcely was his signature dry on
this document, when he closed the national
representative assembly met at Kremsler !;
cancelled the ancient constitution of Hun
| f,t. .ha az Oh ~, ho
ing a dead letter, was withdrawn in
eighteen months; called on the aid OF the
late Emperor of Russia TO crush all vitality
of Freedom in Hungary, and, under Radet-
sky, suppressed all attempts at liberty in
LOmbardy and Venice Thus fulfilling the
memorable saying,
"Ils made a solitude, and called il peace
the Emperor of Austria showed his real
mind by asserting for himself rs much auto
cratic power as the Gar has ever exercised.
He made his ministers accountable, not To
the law, but personally to himself Some
few concessions he appeared TO make to the
masses, but in Austrian Italy, his will is
supreme, and in Austria he has substituted
his own personal command for the whole
some restrictions of the law He has main
tanned an immense army, even in time of
| the greatest peace, mt a cost so vast that the
| national resources have been greatly injur-
ed. Loan after loan, each mt ruinous rates
have kept Austria in difficulties, and under
a great weight of taxation. His latest finan-
cial measure, since the war with Sardinia
commenced, was to suspend the payment of
specie by the Bank of Austria, and to Gre
ate fictitious money by the issue of assign
ats. In 1854 he returned to the service
done to him in the suppression of the Hun
garian rebellion, by taking part with France
and England against Russia. Ever since
his accession to the Throne, he has treated
his Italian subjects with great tyranny In
their discomfort they looked for aid to free
Sardinia, and the appeal, which has once
more made France a combatant on Italian
soil, and will probably drive the Austrians
out of Italy, has to be decided now by force
of arms. Francis Joseph is said to be well
informed, Scheming, and INSCRIPTIONS. In
April, 1854, he was married TO n Bavarian
princess. In the private relations of life,
his conduct is said always to have been
highly moral and exemplary.
VICTOR EMMANUEL, KING OF SARDINIA.
Victor Emmanuel III was born March Id,
1920. His mother was an Austrian Prin-
cess, and his father was the late King,
Charles Albert. Brought up under clerical
instruction, Victor Emmanuel, then bearing
the title of Duke of Savoy, went largely
into society, bore a commission in the ar
my, and was well known as keen lover of
field-sports. In 1912, he married the Arch
duchess Adelaide, of Austria, since dead
When tho French Revolution Of lS4S caused
political commotion in Italy, the Pope actu-
ally taking the lead rs political regenera-
tor, King Charles Albert raised the banner
of Piedmont and, few days after the Aus
trians were driven out of Milan, proclaimed
the war of Italian Independence. All through
the campaign which followed, Victor En-
manuel spiritedy fought by his fathers
side, and greatly distinguished himself, on
March 2i lS49, in the battle of Novarro,
when the Sandman army was defeated
That very evening Charles Albert abdicated,
and Victor Emmanuel became King of Sar-
dina-which kingdom really includes not
only the island of Sardinia, but also Pied
mont, Savoy, the Lomellina, and Genoa, all
in Italy. Charles Albert retired to Portu-
gal, where he died soon after.
Little was expected from Victor Emman-
ucl, the pupil of Jesuits, and son husband of
Austrian princesses. His subjects rather dis
trusted him, and, for time, he had to en-
counter many internal difficulties. Austria
offered him the Duchy of Parma if he would
repudiate the Constitution, to which he had
sworn, with his father, in February, lS49,
but he refused the bribe. Genoa proclaimed
Provisional Government against him, but
he speedily put down the Enleute. After the
beginning of 1850, when the Sandman
Parliament tardily ratified the peace with
Austria, public confidence began to rely on
the wisdom, patriotism, and boldness of the
King. He broke with Rome, asserting the
national independence of his kingdom in
temporal matters, and may be said to have
become Independent of the Papal See, in
spiritual matters also. In January, 1855, he
, formed that alliance with France and Eng
| lnnd nnrninsI RIlSsin ~ hich lnl A., IL. go.