Ellsworth American. [volume] (Ellsworth, Me.) 1855-current, 1859-01-21
Coal Oil.

we nave answered as well a, We are able, anl
as soon as We could fad space.
"GALEyGLLr MILLS, ULSTER Couvry."
December 10, 1855,
"Dear Old Posi-. | would l7sc 10 know
how Kerosene OIL is obtained from the coal -
VIII you be 50 kind as to tell me next week
or the week after:
Unexpectedly yol RS, LoSIsE."
The first mention made of oil from coal wa.
in England in 1917, when MIR. G. b. Mans
field took out patent for the discovery H.
stated that in distilling coal tar he obtained
ammoniacal water, also a large quantity OF
naphthaline. BY redistilling the. crude OIL ol
naphtha, which was obtained from the tar and
which passed over at different temperatures
he obtained SIN varieties of OIL, of 4 As many
8egrees of volatility, which are indicated 10y
their boiling point, the most volatile legoG.-
ing vaporlzed at the lowest temperature 49,
The following are the names givcH then, and
the boiling temperature of clch: a.liole, 49,
benzole, 1887: tolule, 22)7; cumole, 29i1;
cymole, 35ja mortule (from dead oil. 50i-.
All these, except benzole, had 4 tedt odor,
which he removed by treating with sllphuria
and hydrochlorc acids and thea washing in
water. He then distilled them again, making
the vapor pass over dry lime to neutralize and
absorb whatever of acid might be still remain
ingi w which process they were obtained IN
in a pure state. They possess remarkable sol
vent powers and will dissolve India rubber,
gutta percha, the resins Get. BY treating
5enzoe with nitric aci |, nitrate Of bcaZolc =
the result, which may be used in pcrfumcry
as substitute for oil Of bitter almonds. Wood
may be impragnated with these oils, and thus
preserved from decay.
The oils manufactured in this country are
from the camel Goals Of Beaver county, Penn
sylvania; Mahoning and Coshoeton counties
Ohio; Breckenridge county, Kentucky: and
the country lying upon the kauaw ha
Guyandotte and Coal rivers Virginia. There
are good bt d. of canned coal in other parts of
she West which have not vet been employed
for this purpose. Generally, however, they
are of less thickness than is the case in the
places just indicated. 1t is not necessary to
coniine the manufacture of oils to this variety
as they may be extracted from the ordinary
bituminous and even the anthracite Goa. =
But in the present infant sta e of the enter.
prise it Is preferable as being the surest to give
satisfactory results.
The camel is hard, compact, pure variety Of
bituminous coal, of a brownish- black hue.
without lusture, ard of slatv appearance -
ct is generally greatly mixed with slate, and
on burning often yields about thirty three per
cent Of ash. 1t obtained its name from the
circum.t lance of being employed in Northern
England as substitute for candles, a use for
which it is adapted BY the peculiar brilllaucv
of the light given when burninr II may be
handled w;tbaut so;li,g Tho sn5,ors o1n,+s of
hiph polish. and has been NAM ,ctnred IN.
to snuff. boxes. rms. b-acc,ets md otbcr
ornaments. maxine a GOOD in, r1;t,t;on or 10,
The Rreckenr;doe variety sen,,,s y. H., noorl,
destitute of slate. and Yields little coke or an
The chemical elements of cannel coal are c,r-
hen. hydrogen. oxypcn n;troren. r,,assa. sill
ron and snlnhur.
The hydrocarbons fcom,ounas If c,,bon
spd hydro, enl obtained from coat crr runrr.
Gus This is owing to the affinity Of fhe ele.
ments HYDROGEN and carbon. which will com
hine. NJ all chemists are owa,c, in an ;n6n;te
number of pron, rtions There i tbcref,re
no end to the series of infammahie and olo'
Aant cases. ethers. oil. and waxy hodies
which NAV he formed Inv chemical ra,,;n,j,-
lions
1rbo nrocess ero,loroa in r,a,uf,,+pr;,.r oil
ROM cnal il ternaj bv cbe,,iS,s NV n,s,,,-
,..r,ox Close ,,saa ,,,aIo IS no.,
cax s;n,,Iar IN tbose in "a, VOL o,,I,. iarc,or
the coal is placed in them ana snb;a:tcd 70 =
rod heat, 'rbs y,l,t;le elements t,to tba for,,
of yapor. which is condensed Inv heinz nas.ej
THROUGH tubes e,,osed 70 c,,rre,ts Of air or
immersed in water becoming 1vb,t i daro,,.
ipa eed oil pf ,ho oil
mannfac.nr;no com,ar,ns mt b,vir;,. ~
works and ,rS.,,tnS Gov 10 ,,,,r,,ns, 49,, ~
the practice Of nnach,sinr his orticIe md 70.
sning it f5r the market. The coke or resi-
dunn left in the retort may be combined with
iron, so as to form superior quality of plum
baco or black led.
The crude oil is usually distilled in an
ordinary still. previous to slbiectinr il 10 the
chemical treatment. The darx-colo, is for n
brief time somewhat removed; but it is soor
renewed by the action of the air and light
This phenomenon is a,trib,.table TO the pres
once of certain : distances which hays a strenn
afr oitv for oxvoc,,. and therafSre would com
municate n dirk color 10 the oin- bowaser. of.
ten it might be distirei.s (,hen,is,s Ira We me-,
succeeded we believe in f1rafi,,1 the consti
tuition or properties of thessSIemepts.. zexceDl
This affinity be.,nexfr process consists in
effcctino their tb6rtnqbt oxvdation. nrrnar,-
torv 10 their precini,ation from stock of so.
lution or suspension in the oil II j. differ
emily MANAGED nv diffsreit chemists. but In,
principle is the same. Those chemical agent,
are used which w.iIlSread.ly Weld oxyren AM
are comparatively ;nexnensive. rs sulphurit
n, h, drachlor;c ar;d- Get which are after
wards removed NV yasb;ng Tho nrorcss /,
continued nv tho emnlovnest Of the IlSaIies
or bi.c,r,ysIate cf ,,o.oss, ifthooil is CHARGED
with ac;d and s,li further win acids if the
alkaline elements are n+Ad.minant.
Apotber a;st;ll,,;on ;f tb,s nroccss has hoo,
,ro,,ar,,, aondnn,aJ 80, ftho o;1 E,,n;d
and Of = bright straw color some manufac
+,,rsrs oro IN ,ho ,,rac,;co of d;s,;II;nr i re
ne,tedlv iii !, shall have attained the salts
f,ctorv cleorness. At Ibis sta~a cnly is il Il
for market. n will NOT cow fnrn brown b,
.x,os,,r. o. DIV ~ I;cbt
rbe l;ob,er aud n9nre v ,rat;,o oils are trs
s,,er,ted !, tho d;s,;lla.;on IL tho .allioyc q
IF, -