The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1859-05-28
THE AUSTRIAN PORTS ON THE ADRIATc.

THE AUSTRIAN PORTS ON THE ADRIATIC.
POLA-rBE GIBRALTAR OF THE ADRIATIC.
deecT pton OF The Ior; or Poia 10 tse AZ iac, the
station of lbs Austrian navy, may not DO unacsspa
bic At The esen. G pae n1a as = situate s H.
ctoIiDg groun 70 so me, go sae aud DO caplcons A
port named VeIenda, which 10 peninsula funninf
INTO the forms the entrance 10 The bay, at the ex
uemiy ol which the port for sbioe OF war Is sta
10 The northwest OF the Town. This port, which Ia
nearly toiee miles rOund, is deep, and admirably stu
ate 0sce inside a ship IL secure from both sea aud
wind II comprised between the is and Of 81 Andrea
The lshnd Of Oiycs aud zoe iowa Oh the no tn aod
cart sdes Independently Of the port, magnificent ID
every yesfeci, There IL an interior ha bor which ex
tends hom the town TO the Island OF Olives, and If
sheltered from every wind. II Is freqdeLted, parcu
larry mer, the Asat is less than In the
port. Ioia was formerly station for the Roman fleet
,ssn 81 o. no sis ,Ss,e oa ara s, aIp M
found there numerous runs and monuments OF that peri
Cd The most celebrated of all is magnificent amph
theatre, almost US remarkable as that OF Verona, which
was restored in 1916. The Austrian government has
constructed siderable works within the last four years.
Hhbdlrg TO create q naval arsenal II is at this mo-
men rasiDg important iorticA ions. Military
unanimous IN declaring that Poa is position which may
De rendered impfegnable
Translated the Mon,teur dc la Fotte May g. for the
INV York HERALD
Nben giving the description OF the maritme arsenal OF
Pola recently formed by Austria, have stated the de
hmna,icn OF the Kingdom Of Iiyria this possession,
wbch Is so precious to the coor OF Vienna composed Of
two great ovlgiops Toe frs. comprises the government
Of Lebauh, which has supeIfce Of II $50 kome
population OF 750,0tO lunaDtAn6 Inc second
comprises the government Of Trieste which has 10 $40
square kilometres and 46O 600 inhabitants.
The government OF Trieste contains three subdivisions,
viz lst tie municipal dsi let Of Trieste 3D. the circle Of
Gprz, or formerly Frioul; 3d. the circle OF Istria
The city of Trieste is the seat Of the department OF that
name, of airy direction and of military command;
It's port, which was proclaimed free port In 1850,
possesses very precious nautical qualities and makes for
that city OF the most important commercial places OF
Europe.
Austria has possessed Trieste since 1882 For long
period was only port for fishermen. Emperor Rodoph
hantn in ada in tauar pf sAa
and navigation this city began under his reign to open
commercial intercourse with the East and the ports
chants The Molopgas of trieste founded in rrebzond
a counting house which transacted immense bust
ness and was st there in 1902 The Moongas extended
their trade far Persia, and became the bankers Of
Nadr Shah and his SUCCESSORS whom several occa
sons, they made large loans They also entered into
correspondence with the soveregns OF Constantinope,
and loaned IN 1885, hundred million pasres TO Sultan
bua,apha Ill who paid Them back with the ftrictcst
exactude and granted several important privileges to
them.
Notwithstanding the progress made 1oo4, it
only towards the middle Of the eighteenth century that
Trieste became really rich and hourshng In l742 tue
Emperor Charles VI proclaimed the city free and in 1850
Mana Theresa made free port Of it, Those measures,
as as useful great impulse 10 its trade,
ana thus became what now 10, an extensive and rich
maritime entTepot.
the new city, also called Theresisnstadt because It's
building commenced during the reign Of Maria Theresa
the city of Joseph founded in 1755, during the OF
Joseph H., and The suburb Francis, founded IN 1919 The
new city extends at the foot of the mountain which
the castle CROWDS It's streets are large and its houses
are well built Trieste contains 1877 streets, 81 squares,
national museum, public library aud . very cele-
bJated literary establishment called Minerva Among its
most remarkable monuments the church of the
Jesus. the front Of which is handsome the City
Hall, and the Exchange which is very handsome work
OF architecture.
We have 10 name also the Cathedral which is very old
and Tor The buidng which remains of Roman antiquities
have successfully been psed 1t contains the funeral
monument o. the celebrated antiquarian Wincgemann,
born I7l7 at Stendha, in Brapdeburg. This lustri
ssvar asssssnaed the Sth Of June, l7oS, by
wretch called Arcange who killed him TO rob him OF
the gold silver which he had gathered for the
collection OF the Vatican of which he the librarian.
attention. arch triumph erected in honor Of Charlie
megne, the remains OF Roman amphitheare discovered
at the time OF the searches ordered in 1853 by Maria
Teresa, end subterrsnean aqaeduct built during the
reign of Septimus Severus.
In 1910 the population Of Trieste only 1900 inhab
tahts The at that increased from
year TO Aesdy in l775 amounted 10 IA GOO; in
1902 TO n COO in 1858 TO 3s ooo 1917 10 AZ in 1921
laton has reached the enormous amount Of 00C COO
souis.
Gulf Of venitia which is westward Of Isria. Tho Gui
OF Trieste which perfectly healthy and sheltered has
opening CT about six leagues and nearly equal depth
1t ID o. The best ancborages OF the whole Adriatc
The whole coast Of that gulf formed by seoons
low end marshy groupos, but the eastern Isriar
| very healthy.
Tbe opening Of the port Of Trieste northery
in all weather There splendid dock yards and al
TIE resources Of navy arsenal wetdock Cor the
quarantped shps and numerous storehouses The port
the Ss oe
LeaJy BIO metres long and 900 In width; although
open nSrthery and north westerly, it may be said u
the depth Of the Gulf The large ships which
enter the port anchor westward Of the city in twelve
The increasing importance OF the port Of Trieste has
induced the to the establishments Of
the navy to Poa The great steam navigation company
of the East has its seat at Trieste The captains who
port look Of the moet agreeable for
the aabity of its inhabitants the benevolence Of
Trieste,
portion Of the Austrian territory.
FRENCH CIRCULAR TO SWITZERLAND.
The French Ambassador the 9th Of May addressed
the following communication to the Federal Council
His Majesty the Emperor has deemed II necessary to
unite hs forces with those Of his ally the King OF Sar
oDis IN order TO repel attack dected against mis- 60
vernment by his Majesty the Emperor OF Austria
His Majesty the Enreror OF the Freneh earnestly de-
sirlpg 10 restrict this within defined limits has given
orders to the OF his forces both by and
land strictly to respect the territorial and commercial in
eresrs Of those States which remain neutral and
siapty to ooserve all principles laid down by the Paris
Congress of 10th April, 1856, in the relations with ali
States " pich have adhered to these principles
The Emperor feels convinced that the Federal Govern
such measures as will ensure that SWISS cizens shall
during the war, observe n strict neutrality.
The French Ambassador takes the opportunity Of ex
pressing, &c.
MANIFESTO OF ITALIANS TO THEIR BRE-
THREN.
The following paper freely circulated in Naples
Viva PIlaia, Viva le Francial
The possibility and desire see Italy rice from her
ashes longer absurdity or crime The strug
giles Of ls4s, the herosm of hundred towns The pro
staons OF the conquered the paintings Of the exiled,
the blood Of the marty shed by The hand of the
toner and the sword of the Croat have raised cry in
Europ5have attracted attention 10 Itay-and affixed the
sigma Of reproach on the forehead Of the Austrian
Iobber.
only necessary for the legitimate aspirations o!
Italy to be recognized in the diplomatic councils Of Eu
rope; Piedmont, by her energy and force Of will had
shown that Itaiau nationality was no longer poetcal
fancy another word for anarchy and an instrument Of
ambition The question, become European one, could
no longer be deferred dismissed. The knocking smile
OF the sceptc bad long wounded the faith of the believer
but when the cplored STANDARDS Of France and Italy
unured the banks OF the Po to punish the COW
ardy perpetrators of outrage doubt became folly mac
fion timdi.y, and dissent crime.
The idea that liberty fiction snare In the country
where Austria rules despotc, the experience Of tho