The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1859-11-13

splendid mansions; so that the Park will be
absolutely the centre Of vast wilderness or
brick stone, marble and iron. II will then b,.
the JOY and the pride and the daily beauty in
the lives Of at least million and half OF peo-
pie, dwellers and sojourncrs in one Of the
greatest cities that the world has ever seen.
THE ROMAN QUEsTIoN-IMMSENcy or Con.
FLICT IN THE LEGAroSs.-From the present
aspect of things in the Roman Legations, IL is
not unlikely that the action of the Congress
which is about to be convened will be fore
stalled by the population of those provinces
The success which has attended the national
movement in the Central States will no doubt
emboldcn them to take the decision of the
questions affecting their political future into
their own handS They will be urged TO this
by two additional motives first, the certainty
of finding support from the military organizs-
ton under Garibaldi and secondly, the appre-
hension of having the bloody scenes Of Pcrugia
at any moment reenacted by the hordes Of mer-
cenaries who are being pressed into the Papal
service. If the statements that reach us are
correct, q determination has been taken by the
Roman and Neapolitan governments to antici-
pate themselves the decisions of the Congress-
for they have the strongest grounds for appre-
hending that they will not be favorable to the
maintenance of their present political systems.
These are not only odious and indefensible in
themselves, but they are too disgusting and
dangerous for the tranquility of Eu-
rope not to be subjected by that
body to notifications which will reduce
them to the conditions of constitutional
monarchics. Thus there are on both sides the
strongest motives for precipitating a conflict.
The people of the Roman States yearn for an
dom, which it is certain the arrangements of
the Congress will not give them. They are
eager, no doubt, also to form part of that
grand scheme of Italian unity which recognises
Victor Emanuel as its only legitimate head,
and this the Congress will equally refuse to
accord. Let them conquer their own indie
pendence in the interval, and then their posi-
ton will be entirely altered If England be
represented in the Congress she will be bound
to observe the same principle in regard to the
Pontifcal States that she has pledged herself
to maintain in regard to the Duchies- namely,
not to force the inclinations of free people.
The chances arising from an immediate move
ment are therefore too advantageous not to
justify the belief that it requires but slight
excuse to provoke it
The people Of the Legations will, however,
we believe, be spared the necessity of taking
the initiative. From the preparations making
by the Neapolitan and Roman governments,
it seems as if the latter are determined to
hasten collision. It is asserted, we know
not with how much truth, that his Holt
ness has embodied upwards of thirty
thousand galley slaves, who have re-
ceived their pardons Oh condition of taking
arms in his service. In addition to these
numbers Of foreign mercenaries, principally
Austrians, are daily swelling the ranks of his
army. The government of Naples has, on its
side, not been idle. Large levies have been
raised; all the principal garrisons have been
strengthened, and extensive purchases have
been made of war material These steps have
not been taken merely to await quietly the ar
ments have evidently come to the conclusion
that it is better for them to forestall its deci-
sions and to leave to that body simply the task
of rectifying them. Under such circumstances
conflict is clearly inevitable, and is at any
moment to be looked for.
ha
breach of the statu quo pending the negotiations
in which she is engaged in reference to the
settlement of Italy. If the obstinacy Of the
Pontif and his disregard of the Emperor's adj
vice lead him to ruin his own cause by further
acts of violence, he will unquestionably place
it out of the power of Louis Napoleon to stand
between him and his total political destitution.
And yet this is the course on which this foolish
old man and his evil counsellor, Anto-
nelli, appear bent Instead of listening
to the recommendations Of sagacious and
liberal minded Catholic statesmen who have at
heart the real interests Of the Church, he,allies
the fate Of the Pontifcate with the fortunes of
the Neapolitan government, the most Infamous
and odious of the despotisms under which the
people of Italy have groaned. Although Louis
Napoleon has entered into treaty agreement
with Austria to press upon the Pope the expe-
diency of certain reforms in his government,
he has not pledged himself to guarantee the
latter against the consequences Of his refusal.
If, therefore, he perseveres in his intention Of
resisting the political concessions demanded of
him, and engages besides in an armed league
against his own subjects, it is probable that the
Emperor will withdraw his troops from Rome,
and leave the Roman question to settle itself
after the fashion of that of the Duchies.
EMIGRATION TO CAILFoRNIA.--Since the fares
of the California steamers have been lowered
there has been great rush of emigration in
that direction. Every vessel goes out laden to
her utmost capacity, and the inconvenience