The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1859-12-29

the great prepondcrsuce of the Californian element
thirdly The great riches both aururous au4 agrlouura
the county fourthy the want OF some uxiy OF snure
for agricultural purposes; aud uhy, the aosence oil Al
means Of COMMUNICATION except by fuamng torrents Ia
canoes goat tracks loot which render al pro-
OF the country, except such ike gold, could
be led with great in small weight and cVtnpaSsi
practically yaiueless.
The tnahMAS IN proposing the thanks OF the society to
his Grace the Duke Of Newcastle for sending the pagers,
well 10 The authors, sao that he WAS much stfucs
with The fact that OF large tonnage could navigate
tho rivers thus ateng access TO the aueitorous re-
gons III, pan h the ISLAND OF ST Juan, about which
the governments o. the two countries were IL dispute,
before them. IL was obvious that u ~vuid oe
# Ms highest 'mpo'tance to hare the dss'na nre q
tn Faser j0r the transit Of thar aareroas pron Is.
He had specimens VI the nuggets found Ia Tue fraser
River the; all OF small sszs but might turn out
that aould yet be lount large rs Ia ary ot tne
austria lah gold regions
Dr. Hop,lis had been struck by the observations made
respecting tue Indians has esen aoaSea .uss they
taken Of them they woalc prove o. great service 70 the
European population.
was the BOUNDARY In 1888 he had sailed up the 90
uu.ba River below s6n PARALLEL and had not fonnd
ono American located there, out on arriving ~ .oas
Vancouver there were some American missionaries
who hsa been provided by the Hudson bay oem'
pany With seed. sheep, and every facility for settling
aud when a certain number bad arrived they Called
the United States government u establish Aus-
riesn rights there, and that ,cas the pay England
had been ot.sted from tie Columbia river Al insur-
rec,on coon after broke ont in California, and
the Governor told him that the BRITISH 60
ve,Dnsn gave up TO the United States the saathsfd
boundary vi the Columbia, she would allow England 10
takc California for the Mexican debt he had seen tue
Mexican Charge Anares and told him that he ha sent
no was sailor aud had travelled out Of pro-
vince wiring direct TO the Foreign once, NO notice was
land lost California, the Columbia and was elected
the 10th degree Had the British government adopted
the proposal made 1888, there would be occasi
for the "San Juan difficulty OF the present day
After observations MI. CTAWtoru, denying
that The influx of GOLD would senslby Affect the relative
value metals provisions the meeting adjourned to
the 9Th Of january.
The Reciprocity Treaty with Canada.
From the London Herald, Dec. IL
The cabinet OF Washington accepted the Reciprocity
treaty which enabled the Canadian farmer to Garry his
without colonial sacrince for the Americans dad not
until they allowed to share IL North American
snery and navigation rights, winch they claimed in add
the British markets hicn they had secured. But
this reciprocity is secured in perpetuty, and hence
alarm II may suit the special In
erests England the future, done in the past
to make some other change in her commercial policy
which may disturb the Reciprocity treaty aud this cou
ungeDcy not overlooked in the chapter OF
InueeG, II anticipated by Mr.. Buchanan (Member for
Hamilton, Cansda,) aud his friends, and the RENE
oy proposed Is q zolverein between Canada
and the United States. Under sach compact
neither country would levy any customs taxes, on
their interior frontiers but only ut the seaports from
Labrador to Mexico, where the duties would be im
posed This IS what the political party called moderae5
put forward Canadian pocy of patriotism dsstic
guishco ON cosmopolitan policy which really amounts
protection against free trade as Mr. Buchanan styles
il, 'free Imports II Is also pointed out in this pro-
gramme OF zollverein, that by making the river ST.
Lawrence the great highway Of America, free trade and
navigation with Canaoa would give TO the United States
especially the Western States, all the commercial
advantages OF annexation.
In these specuations broad line of distinction is drawn
between Great Britain and the British Empire, the for
excluding and the latter including the cocles
and hence it is argued that what may suit the
not suit the other. THIS is strongly shown in ,ns
m her
Jays duty in our ports OF only los per loac, but
timber Of foreign growth pays duty Of 5os. per load
THIS difference TO Canada but as II Is destruc
tive least highly injurious, shpowners espe
caly the peal Of the navigation laws, Is very
ceriau that it cannot be permanently continued, AID
It ceases the lumber trade must suffer. Here,
then IN which the interests OF Great Britain and
OF the British Empire are no longer 10 harmony Tue
principle Of removing tax from raw material applies
with much force timber cotton, for ship as
much manufacture as textile fabric and TILL that con-
cession be made cur mercantile marine are
place themselves in false POSITION This
the Canadians fully admit, but at the same
unoer the zolveren 70 which We have referred; aud
this seems very reasonable; but Mr.. Buchaaan's
project Of !" decenranzins the manufacturing
power Of the empire is quite :mpraotcsbre.
No government can create trade or markets. though
government may destroy both, and certainly cid
latter hen America was colony, ana by that insane
vidual capitalists TO put their establishments where they
please with their free will neither the Parma nor
he executive have any right interfere Therefore
government deccntr~nze the manufacturing sys
II choose 10 retire from the competition OF
lancashire and Yorkshire they at liberty to do in
Of what they may deem their own interests bat
this must be their voluntary act Mr.. Buchanan,
hoAever, throws out hat allurg, indeed, to OF
tho least successful Of people, provided the Zoll
system secured England be contends, will
oota,n free rado with the United States, simply
because We could crush them by superior caoltaI
skill; but Engiishman established himself
manufacturer in Cnada then be would BY virtue Of the
commercial league, enter the American market without
q
goods.
Though the direct interest of this subject relates to Ca
NADIA, II is easily that It is more comprehensive,
drawing its Importance from the principle OF free trade
which in pracce il yet only ID state Of transition,
It's application up 10 this date being more than excep
uonai. When the change was fret introduced by Sir
Robert Peel who, indeed only extended the plans Of Mr.
Husksson, distinction was drawn between duties for
monopoly and duties Tor rev niue, aud thus the small
end Of the wedge introduced; but experience has
shown that that distinction plausible thaa real
the Of she shiowners point Cnauccilors OF
the Exchequer may be reluctant surrender the
duties on TIMBER but the mercantile mari 10 demand
their remission III ih nane OF justice, which ought
10 overtuie expedency We also perceive how free
trace affecting the colonies. The West ndips have long
complained OF 0eiDg better treated than CuDa and from
that controversy onched ou. the dispute between free
and Slave labor s evident tnlt Canada, aud may,
indeed say the whole of British North America,
scous that their position s adversely changed regard
TO tho British Empire, aud that they seek not political
but commercial incorporation with the United States,
with view to shut out the produce OF Europe by extend
ing heavy customs duties They 70 the length OF deny ing
that free trade exists but instead of only partial adop
ton Of tree imports These subjects must press them
the Imperial Legislature, and they must be
solved not evaded. It is lot business u reconcile
such difficulties bat it duty TO sound note
ing.
Russia and China.
The Brussels organ of the Russian government denies
the statement OF rupture between China and the Car II
saysrertan Paris journals publish, on the faith Of
English letter from 81. Petersburg, the that the
Chinese government had summoned Russia evacuate
the territory washed by the river AMOR We cannot
echo OF 90 evident myscaton. The territory Of East
Siberia belongs to Russia IN virtue Of treaty
Guided with the Chinese government which cannot there
fore raise and has raised absurd preteusiou r
hut 70 1lla ms ,uuafion ruareorae