The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1859-07-26

| then It's friend. When he was elected Pope, ID
, 1903, he became its enemy He excommunicsted
the Duke Of Ferrara. gave Navarro to Spain, besieged
Nh nndols formed the league OF Cambray against Venice
and Was altogether wArike in his measures. The King
Of France and the Emperor convened council at Pisa,
and summoned him to appear He only did not obey,
but called opposition council in the L,eran he made
war against Louis XII The French defeated the PAph
army at Ravenna With terrible slaughter, Blu!
after driven out OF Italy He considered OF tho
most immoral Of Popes. 10 procure for building
st. Peters he ordered the sale OF ndugences which
enc Of the immediate causes Of the Reformation
Leo X the successor Of julius ia OF the most oslo
DRAFTED Of tho Popcs, both OF his patronage
o. learning and tho fine arts, and because
In his reign tho Reformation Of Martin
Lu'her broke out In foreign politics he
iohowed the policy Of his predecessors opposing the
domination Of foreigners in Italy His name originally
was giovanni dc hedc and he second son or Lorenzo
'he magnificent he was born at Florence 70 prevent
union Of France, Spain and Austria Leo favored re,ol-
cistioD between the kings Of England and Franco He
designed the kingdom OF Naples for one branch or NJ,
family, and the duchies Of Ferrara and Urbuo far
COutr0Ct6Q
md took up arms against the Duke Of Urbine.
He hsnged Cardinal Petrucci for q conspiracy He
nsnces being exhausted by his magniacence in patron
izDg tie arts he put all Chrisenso under contribution
by the eae Of letters OF ndugsnces to raise fanis for
the completion Of st. Pe.ers when Luther arose to o.
pose him He formed an alliance with France yet took
caIeo prevent the growth Of her power In Italy With
this view he united with the German Emperor Ia 1871.
for the re establishment Of the family OF Sorza in Milan
and took Swiss troops into his pay. The war was b,gun
successfully Parma and Pacenza taken by the PapL
troops and annexed to the States of the Church. The Al
lies entered Milan without resistance and occupied the
territory Of the Duke Of Ferara whom Leo had exson
municated as ally Of France. While engaged in css-
bratpg his successes he died suddenly December 1921
The greatest Pope Of the sixteenth century Leo x.
spce the middle Of the sixteenth century no German
Emperor had been crowned by Pope The princes who
had learned bis policy withdrew themselves from bis au
thorty The bulls were no longer Of any avail beyond
the States OF the Church and they became the objects Of
rdicule in Germany and France.
Clement XIV who q wise and liberal msn abolish.
ed the Order OF Jusuts in 1878 This Pope is bettsr
known by the name of GAnganeli, his before ne
was elected
The Pope became destitute Of all political influence in
Europe after the triumph Of the American revolution
The victories Of the French in Italy after the Revolution
forced the Pope to YIELD the peace of Toentno Avsuoa
to France, and Romagna, Bologna and Ferrara to the
Cissypine republic. movement in Rome against the
French in 1897 afforded pretext fer the taking Of that
city by the French troops and the leading away Of Plus
vi as prisoner to France Plus VII enabled by the
Ausrians to resume possession Of Rome 1900 By the
conccydat made with the first Consul Bonaparte 1901
the Pope again lost part OF bis worldly power. 1917
new disputes with Franco arose. consequence of which
Aocona, Urbino, Macerata and Camerivo were incor-
aNoAry Al A ~fY
Papa dominons seized and partly incorporated with
France revenue Of 1000 0O0 francs was assigned to
the Pope who compelled to take up his residence in
France, where he enjoy ed a splendid captivity at tho
Palace of FoDtanbeau, until the events of 1914 the
abdication and exie of Napoleon to Eliza allowed his
Holiness TO resume possession of the States Of the Church.
TIE temporal power of which the Pope deprived in
1869 pete established by the Congress of Vienna
in 1915. He thus owed his restoration to coalition Of
temp oral princes, among whom two heretics Uhs
English and the Pussian) and schismatlc he Rus
SIAM Nevertheless he not only restored the nquistiou
and the Order OF the Jesus but advanced principles
entirely opposed the institution and ideas Of bis e
ratore.
The present Pope Plus TX elected in 1885, aud
is seventy eight years of age By his reforms and the
liberal principles he promulgated he contributed in no
email degree to the European revolutions OF ls4s but
afterwards became alarmed and reactionary Mazzins
fret proclamation issued October, 49, lsis Count
Rosti the Popes Prime Minister was assassnated at the
Senate house November 16 Of the year. murder
attributed to the republicans Of Rome and Injured
their cause, though ia well known that they had
nothing to do with it, the blow struck by OF the
party OF Charles Albert, King Of Sardinia to whom was
known Ross was opposed The popuace marched to the
Qnrna and presented their demands to the Pope viz
italian Nationality, Constituent Assembly new Ministry
&c The Pope refuses the people attack the palace and It
seven p n the Pope yields, and grants liberal ministry
After being prisoner for days his palace be e.
capes from Rome to Gaeta having been placed the dis
guise of ootman on the box Of coach provided by the
Austrian Ambassador The Roman Chambers were dissolved
and Constituent Assembly convened. On the 9th Of
February, 1s49, the Roman republic was proclaimed
under the government Of Mazzn and two other tumvs
The French expedition against the republic reached Cvta
Veccha April 25, and the 29th OF April they were re-
pulsed under the walls OF Rome by brave Garbad with
the lofs Of 600 men, Garbads counses to the last
overrule and Rome surrendered after an attack OF
twenty nine days and false promises the part of the
French Rome entered July by the French under Oud
not and evacuated by Garbald bis force 900 mem
Garbao escaped the Adratc oudnot surrendered the
government into the hands of Commissioners Of the
Pope who began the work Of reaction and the 18th Of
August Louis Napoleon President French sddressed
the Pope letter debating the bases Of the restoration
general amnesty secuarizaton of the administration tho
Code Napoleon and liberal government The Pope re-
turned to Rome from Naples in Aprb 1850, but did not
observe theae conditions. On the contrary his
ment was worse than ever His principal cities revoted
from him Of late when he made example by massacre
at Peruga He has been protected ever since 1850 in
Rome by the French troops who conquered his
and by the aid of French troops he now become Pres
dent OF the Italian Confederation.
Brooklyn City News.
THE GERMAN sCHUTZEN FESTIVAL AT MYRTLE AVE.
NUE. PARK.
number of German military companies and singing
associations proceeded to Myrtle
for the purpose of target practice gymnasc exercises.
singing, drinking eger and enjoying themselves gen.
orally
The festival arranged by the Brooklyn schutzen