New-York daily tribune., 1859-08-06


duets the sabect from Tie q he other. ou. they
form that distinct neItai ..nss the se..rs TO he
finite 70 the reis.ve ;he other to :he lnhnite, the
AosolE.e Ssnsible oh ec.s-ind vldnss being linksi
10 universal and innuisbl. ebj.c,s, - q msa 70 hu-
man,y-.he mind passes ynconsc.oI.ly and insiaria-
neo5.ly from an mmed object OF perception 10 sn
objec, OF inelec:ion when corresponds thereto e,
from the perception o; beng a. The idea "i beng
Thence aIlses al order q! finite re ,l;es which are
related to q supreme and in:eig bic re.liy e1isien.
IN act which is God II nself. God, therefore s the
ultimate goal toward which the human spin, moves:
and this goa outside Of the mind ami abso.utey
objective becsu,e tbo1ght places the thing snd not
the representation or image OF the thing e. the term
O.: its own act. Hence the CONCEPTION vhi,n Z pos
sesses is the idea Of the thing not the iiss Of ice
ides. iCoHfcssioai dun M.,qfs,ca, lsj5.)
IL order TO accept Msmisns demonstrations by
means Of which be preisnds 70 have constructed {
syn:hesis between Thought ard Being, between the
real and the IDEAL absolute, We need The proof Of The
relation Of the terms the proof Of ,he transition
from the snbject to the object where's, in treating
Of the absolute he can only sdduce a ,ranseendent
proof copse luenily tina. is inaccessible 70 the
human mind. Manisni tells Us that he thinks OF the
existence Of God but between the thought Of the
Being and the Being there is neither ideality nor
equation syllogsm. II seems 20 u thsi the e1-
isten,e Of God is felt, bu. cannot be proved add
therefore ,hs. al the exertions OF onology are mere
gymnsstic exercises utterly useless IN human hie
Mamian is not always consistent in his theories. lie
pr.fesses TO be orthodox Catholic, yet ne talks Of
civil religion, Of faith derived from reason aud II IS
evident that between and infalhoe Catholic
authority there il an antithess, or contradiction of
terms. Neither is lie always consisten. in his sppl-
cations. IN theory he establishes common sense as
sole criterion of truth, whence emerge in practice
universal suffrage, popular sovereignty, the Republic;
but he deduces instead the suffrage of the moneyed
classes of the opiln-.s Monarchy Previous TO, and
during lsiS these dogna.ic philosophers employed
all their influence to induce the Italians 10 place their
hopes Of salvation in the Pope and in the King Of
Piedmont-and, Indifferent TO the ruin wrought by that
fatal trust GOberti and Roemni TIL the day of their
death, and Maiani til the present hour, have con-
tinued their utmost efforts to bewder the inelects
Of the Italians in the sphere Of ideas and in the sphere
Of facts to plunge them into error. Nevertheless
Rosmin calls himself the incarnation of truth
Goberti announces himself as the recops.ructor Of
philosophy which, before HE time, was unworthy of
the name of science, and in fact did 10. exist and
Manlian does not hesitate 10 proclaim himself the
first, the cole philosopher among past and present
who has resolved the creates, problem of Ontoogy.
Following in their steps come herd Of minor philoso
phers-PaslatszZa, Maneino, Carte, Ventura Bertin,
ETC., but space will not permit us TO examine their
works.
RATIONALIsTIC PnTLOsoPHERS-ALFoSso TESLA.
Something nov remains 20 be said OF the rstionsl-
.tic philosophers and OF their struggle against dog
matism, which was commenced in Itay in 1922, by
Alfonso Teyta. philosopher Of No ordinary talent
he is yet little known to the Italians, for, alss,
priests and policemen alone confer celebrity men in
Italy, and this was especially the case previous to
1915 II was natural that they should deny II to a
man. who proclnmiug the supremacy OF reason, placed
in the hands Ell Italy the weapon with which to hurl
from her altar the twin idols-,he authority OF the
Inquisiton and of the gems darme-of the Pope and
OF the Emperor. In his works, Iwrodu-ioae ala
F,osefa delP Afetfo, 1929 Della Elosefa deV A6tto
1880 Della FHosefd della Mene, 1896, Alfonso Testa
sfrms that We know nothing save through the chan
mel Of feelings there exists power which disposes
of US inperousy, in spite of ourselves which causes
ne to experience what we call moral affections. Thst
power exists il is manesty necessitated by facts,
and this onght TO suffice Us; what need is there to
know more! 1t is but stupid presumption in us to
investigate what thirgs are in themselves; it isa
craving after knowledge which does not concern
''Oh philosophers You think yourselves ssges, and
yet l am compelled to compare you TO the little child
who seeks for the object behind the mirror. The u
tenal structure of things and their latent forces
unknown to us body is for US but collection of
qualities which manifest themselves to Us by mesns
Of the senses. Mind is tha. within US which thinks
Let Us these sterile contempstions of our es
sence these researches for the OF the various
" moods we undergo Life is mystery We ignore
" its commencement and its continuation; let Us oc-
cupy ourselves with the results Of our faculties eI-
anime their order and confederation, and, since We
cannot discover the first cause, let us snayze the
effects, and extract thence the consequences which
may be really useful 70 US" And on this track al
bis philosophical system was developed. But the
times and the place in which be lived Tssts was Pro-
fessor at Piaeepzs prevented him from going beyond
the simple theory, which of itself is insufficient but
must be attacked at the root and extsrmina.edi the
threshold of the temple must be crossed and ,ie false
priests expelled from the tabernacle; more rational
psth 10 the origin and historical developments Of hu.
mabity must be pointed out. 1t must be proclaimed
that the fouIt OF right exists IN the people, and that
the duty Of eonquering it, if il be usurped-Of guard
ing il faithfully if be possessedeonesponds TO tast
right.
FERRARI.
Giuseppe ferrsri was the irst to appear on this
arena publishing in 1851 book entitled FiiOscfa
della Rirola:ioHe. The name Of Fensr was already
known as the author Of other works OF merit and
pscally for his Essai e prineip. a les imtes de
Ia piilosophc de FistOi5e and for La keHte di VcO
Ferrars criticism attacks and overthrows logic the
scientific column Of dogmatism; showing tha. by sub
jecting Natural things, the thought of man-notisn.
concerning the Just and the useful which govern hu-