The daily exchange. [volume] (Baltimore, Md.) 1858-1861, 1859-06-28
EUROPEAN NEWS.
DETAILS BY THE BREMEN


York Courier and Eaquirer.1
Two of the marked features of the news relating
to the war are the address of the French Emperor
to the inhabitants of Lombardy, and Russian cir
cular declaring the policy of that empire during
the existence of the Italian War. That of the
French Emperor declares that he enters Milan as the
hberator Italy, and not tn advance his own person.
al ambition or to aggrandze the territory of France
He speaks to the Germans in language equally
explicit and calculated to sootbe their restlessness
under the present position ofaffairs. The Russian
circular also soothes and treasures Germany, saws
that Austria is altogether wrong and France right
that what the Emperor of the French declares, she
(Russa) believes; that there is no enterprise in
prospect which will injure Germany; that Russia
will stand by France and that if Germany inter
teres IN this matter, so long it remains only an
Italian quarrel Russia will also interfere, and re-
store the equilibrium of the contest. And here
again, In view of these two documents the London
Tunes gives the cold shoulder to Austria and saws
that 1T believes the words and good intentions of
both France and Russia. Says the Times:
"We must take it that these two crowned heads
are sincere in the professions they thus publicly put
forward to the-world. We must believe that Ma
poieon when he has driven the Austrians from Italy
Will hand over Italy to the ltalians-will unite LON
bardy with Piedmont-will secularize the govern
ment OF the Roman States-will give back to Ma
pies Its Constitution, and accord guarantees for its
continuance. We must give our confidence to Rus
sIa that when she favors this chivalrous course she
also has no hidden object in views that she also has
sympathy with Italy, and, if any other motive
mlngles with her pity, it is only not unnatural
desire to pour some slight humiliation upon the
head OF Austria and to exalt Prussia at the expense
of her rival. 1t not to be suggested that these
State papers should speak that which is not true.
When two great Sovereigns come forward to pro-
test before Europe that their policy is of con-
serVatlve and disinterested character, and that
it they are fighting battles and conquering
Kingdoms it is for the progress of civilization,
for the advance of moral influences, and not
from selfish motives, bound to believe
them-not, indeed, to throw ourselves off our
guard, but still to believe them. We cannot cease
from our astonishment that these things should be
so; we cannot even yet quite comprehend how the
Emperor Napoleon should wish to build up in Italy
form of government which would be iuconvenient
to him in France; still less can understand why
Russia should seek to give consistency and power
and material form to those ideas which must always
be antagonistic to absolute rule. But it is vain to
argue against the probability of fact when the
fact itself stands bodily in evidence. Here are the
declarations voluntarily put forth to Europe, un-
called for by any special scheme of policy carrying
with them no particular benefit to the persons who
thereby commit their own honor and the honor OF
the nations whom they represent to the good faith
of The pr ofessions which they thus spontaneously
make"
On the subject of the motives of the French Gov
ernment the London Daily Neos also holds the fol
lowing emphatic language:
"We have reason to believe that the French Gov
ernment is prepared to give the new Foreign Min
ister of England the most complete proofs of the mod
Grafton and disnerestedness of its policy in italy,
1t is ready to declare anew, that not only does it
seek no territorial aggrandisement for France, but
that 1T desires no thrones for the relatives of the
Emperor, or Princess dependent on France Far
from wishing to prolong the war, the sire of the
French Government is that it NAV be short. The
war had been commenced for the liberation of Italy,
and will be carried until that object is attained
but only for the sake of the end. Should any pow
erful neutral-the Prince Regent of Prussia for in
stance-hnd himself IN position to offer his media
Ipn tha Ernnph nart, nrlI ln, 10
gage to leave Italy entirely to itself after securing
its independence. We do not see how France can
be asked to go further than this, in order to satisfy
the Just requirements of Europe; and until some
fact becomes known, calculated to throw doubt upon
the intentions of the Imperial Government it would
be prudent to accept these assurances. 1t is posi-
BILE to push distrus to absurd and dangerous ex-
tent. Prudence is high political virtue; but con-
slant and systematic suspicion, and hostility for
imaginary causes, sometimes produce the evils
against which they were designed to guard"
Parallel with this news of the utter defeat, so far,
of Austria, and the unanimous verdict in favor OF
France and Sardinia, comes what predicted the
intelligence of the resignation of the Derby Minis
try, which traces its downfall to its sympathy with
Austria The Derby Ministry having yielded to
the force of public opinion, Lord PalmerstOn has
been called to the head of affairs and there is now
a Ministerial interregnum until he can form his
Cabinet. In regard to that Cabinet nothing is def
nitely known except, according to the authority of
the London Times, that Lord John Russell will be
Secretary of Foreign affairs The London Nears
speculates thus:
ave believe that the Secretaryship of the Colo
nies has been offered to the Earl of Elgin. Mr..
Golden will have the option ofthe Board of Trade,
and Mr.. Milner Gibson will enter the Cabinet; Mr..
Sidney Herbert will probably take the Secretary
ship of War. Sir G. Lewis the India Board, and Mr..
Gladstone the Exchequer. No arrangement has
vet been made to the Chanceorship, although
various combinations have been spoken of. Sir R..
Bethel, whose name is most frequently mentioned
as the new Chancellor, can i'll be spared from the
House of Commons. We hear that Sir James Gra-
ham, the Duke of Newcastle and the Duke of Ar
gyle, have severally declined to join the new ad-
ministration"
Parallel also with this news of the present shat
tering of Austrian despotism in Italy and the fair
prospect of its future complete extinction, comes
the record of the death of hoary Minister
of Austria, Prince Metternich, famous throughout
the whole world for over half centurys stern and
fanatic support of that despotism which he has
lived Just long enough to see struck and broken in
one of the main arches his own hands helped so
much to build. The London Times thus sketches
his life:
s'Clement Wenceslas Metternich was born at Cob
lentz on the 18th of MAY, 1773, that when he
died he had completed his seth year His ancestors
had been distinguished in the wars of the Empire
against the Turks; his family had given more than
one elector to the Archbishoprics of Mayence and
Treves; and his father, the Count Metternich, had
obtained some reputation as a diploma'ist and as
the associate of kauntZ. At the age of Is Meter
mich entered the University of Strasbourg, where
he had for his fellow-student Benjamin Constant,
and from which, two years afterwards, he removed
to Mayence in order to complete his studies. In
1890 he made his first public appearance master
of the ceremonies at the coronation of the Emperor
Leopold H. and in 1874, after short visit to Eng
land he was attached to the Austrian Embassy at
the Hague, in the following year marrying the
heress of his fathers friend Kaunitz Thus far he
was but serving his apprenticeship in diplomacy.
He first into notice at the Congress of Rastadt
where he represented the Westphalian nobility
afta xyhi oh haa cd taAi 20
Petersburgh, was (lS0l) appointed Minister at the
Court of Dresden, and in (lS03 -4)proceeded Am
bassador to Berlin where he took leading part in
the arrangement of that we'll known coalition which
was dissolved by the battle of Austerlitz, and at
length, after the peace of Presburg selected for
the most important diplomatic appointment in the
gift of the Emperor-that of Austrian Minister at
the Court of Napoleon. The rise of the young
Ambassador had been unusually rapid, and the
French Emperor greeted him with the remark,
Y ou are very young to represent so powerful
monarchy" "Your Majesty was not older at
Austerlitz," replied Metternich with slight exag
geration which could not make the compliment less
acceptable; and, indeed, young as he was, he ex-
hibited an address and a knowledge before which
Napoleon might bluster, but of which he could new
get the better. In Metternch all the arts of
cety had been cultivated to the highest degree
his conversation brilliant and inexhaustible, his
manners most easy and graceful, his fattery deli
cate and in sinuating. Without much ardor with
very limited sympathies, with deep convictions
he had clear head and firm hand; he could keep
his own secret, and he could worm out the secrets
of others and, making himself the most agreeable
man in the world, he plotted in the midst of smiles
maneuvered in dance, and struck the hardest
when he seemed to yield the most. He managed
with so much ability that when the war broke out
in lS09 and he had to retnrn to the Austrian Court
which was seeking refuge in the fortress of ofComorn
he appointed to the ministry of foreign affairs
the successor to Count Stadion. 1t was during
his tenure of office that he struck out the idea of
marriage between Napoleon and an Austrian Arch
duchess as means of purchasing respite for the
Empire. He conducted the negotiations with
Champaign; Napoleon was divorced from Jose
phine; and Metternch escorted Marie Louise to
Paris. ---. - a..- ..-,.-- .. ...- .-.. s.5.-
1t was but expedient; it was humiliating
sacrifice, which could not be a permanent settle
ment; and in 1913, after the great French eatastro
phe in Russia, war again formally declared by
Austria against France. In the autumn of that
year the grand alliance was signed at Toptz, and
on the field of Leipzig, Metternich was raised to
the dignity of Prince of the Empire. In the
Subsequent conferences and treaties the newly
created Prince took very prominent part, and he
signed the Treaty of Paris on behalf of Austria.
He afterwards paid visit to this country, and re-
ceived the honor of doctors hood from the Uni
versity of Oxford. This is worth mentioning, as we
believe it is the only honor which he received from
this country, He who received decorations from
all the Courts of Europe obtained none from the
English Court The only very celebrated orders to
which he could not boast that he belonged were the
orders of the Bath and of the Garter. s.,,-....
When the Congress of Vienna was opened, Prince
Metternicb, then in his 42nd year, was unanimously
chosen to preside over its deliberations and this
presidency in the Congress may be regarded as
typical of an ascendancy which,, from this time, he