The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1859-05-07
ent into the dominons Of .ussro whilst she has no.
ths power 1 Tenrning the compliment

ment into the domnions OF .ustr,, whilst she has no.
Vie power q TeunTning the compliment
Northern Italy, including Kingdom Of Sardinia anc
he Austrian provnces-caIled the Iombardo Venetian
Kpgdoms separated equally from Austria proper ana
rom France, by the Alps u lies between these two
Powers the Northern Alps separating i. from Austria and
the wettern Alps from France, with this difference, thai
France than Austria Indeed, from Savoy tn
sesern portion Of the Kingdom Of Sardna Francois only
separated by the Rhone and the Alps W. beyond dividing
Savoy from Piedmont Savoy, though part OF Sardinia, IL
no part Of Iay Ye. Savoy the original Nucleus OF
The kingdom, and the other portions have been success
ryeIy annexed-namely Piedmont, Nice I'D the island Of
Sardinia, from which the Kingdom takes It's name. The
sea. CT government is at Turin in Piedmont which Is tue
central and metropolitan portion of the realm. In
ng the Alps therefore, through Savoy the French array
y ii pass through friendly country of
Napoleon IN GIT despatch his troops by the route
Of tho simplon, tho road made the Alps,
which has immoralized the name OF his uncle but
be would have 10 proceed through Switzerland, which
has been made Neutral ground by the treaty Of
Vienna, Qf that s worth anythinR,) and be
sides would be the longest moet difficult route
From Geneva to Milan is 27o English miles from Brigg,
at the foot Of the mountain, 10 the village
Of Simplop, the summit, takes 'only sx
hours to ascend in travelling by post, and from
below only dve hours. Troops would march in ABOUT
double that time say twe0tyfou hours The distance
fourteen leagues about forty six English miles Tho
symptom road was commenced in 1901 and flashed in
1905 at the joint expense Of the kingdoms OF France and
Italy. Napoleon employed thirty thousand in its
construction It carried through numerous tunnels.
The breadth Of the road Is from 25 to 80 feet the number
Of bridges thrown across rocks and torrents amounts 70
Gill; besides Of massive masonry miles in length
aud ten galleries hewn out Of solid masses of granite.
The slope gradual that the zgzsg ascent scarcely
percepble The French engineers conducted the
the Swiss side, and the Italians the side Of Italy The
difficulties greatest the latter The engineers
compelled to bore through and blow the hardest rocks
obstrucDg their passage The quantity OF powder used
on the Italian side II 500 pounds. When look
the height Of this majestic mountain 1902 feet) the
appalling precpces bordering the road the mpetuous
torrents and the roaring waterfalls furrowng its Sides the
dazzling glaciers, the terrible avaanches 'those thun
derbos Of snow by which ia dark forests often up
ndoniiable will which trumphed such distractions,
and rendered the road free from the appearance
or danger The construction Of this road was decided
upon by Napoleon after the battle Of Marengo, while the
recollection OF his difficult passage Of the Alps by the
Great ST. BERNARD lat that time one Of the easiest Alpine
passes) fresh his memory his object TO have
q road over which he could conveniently carry his
Sn INTO Any ne ns we MSS n aef . e Inc
Sir James Macintosh said cts peculiar
character to be the greatest Of all those monuments
that at dazzle the Imagination by their spendor and
eubservient general convenience" England Gays
Burke "hss built bridges, made high roads, cut
paveat,ons dug We're TO be driven
out Of India this day, nothing would remain to tell that
had beer possessed during the nRlorous period Of
dominion by thing better than the ourang oatang or
greatest monGmen Of her Napoleon 1t was the frs! Of
the great carriage roads opened the Alps Those
idea In 1907 Napoleon travelled tbis road Eve days
Milan, accompanied by Josephine. was 30 greatly in.
ured the Sandman side by storms in 1884, 1889 and
$780, and not having been since put into proper repair
that 1t 10 now almosS impossible 70 carriages But 1t
would be easy restoring it to irs former excellence
But there another road The route by Mount Censis,
tho second grand work of Napoleon the Alps the
easiest the beet and the most convenient TO the immense
body Of troops concentrated at Lyons. This the
now frequepted by travellers From Lyons up the
Rhone TO Chambcry Is twenty hours, and Chambery to
Turin is 1877 English mles-but twothirds Of this
the pass, which is s,s25 feet nigh, only oc
top consts OF plain extending two leagues, crcled by
the peaks Of the Cents. Here ia beautiful lake, whose
mpd waters are said to be unfathomabe, and abound in
mountain, on the Pedmontese side, Susa which was
defended by fortress but the work is des
ana there raisosd Ike entire way This Is the rou
by which Louis Napoleon will despatch such Of his troop
as he does not send by sea from Marseles or Touon
This road ordered ~ be constructed by the eide
Napoleon in 1903 but was not finished till 1911 Pom
pey is supposed have been the general who a,
tempted 10 this Alp which from his days till tn
time Of Napoleon could only be passed on foot
mule On this road three thousand men employed
II is practicable for carriages and cannon al all
| IONS Of the year.
1t will not be possible for Austria to light her wa
through Piedmont and seize this pass before troops
Napoleon have crossed IT, France is covered ith
network Of railroads. branching from main arts
los-some OF these proceeding orth and
by which the inv aston VI Austria proper would be
easy There road too, H. for the marching troops
along the coast Of the Mediterranean into Sardinia But
would be too SLOW for present operations 10 fact any
land route will not be fast enough From Marseies tc
Genoa, the chief seaport of Sardinia Is 1856 nautical
mllee which steamer can accomplish in night From
Genoa to Turin, 103l miles, about four hours
journey by railroad So that in less than eighteen hours
certainly lees than twenty four, troops despatched from
MaJsees by touch Of the telegraph in the ruieres
be In the capital OF Sardinia Turin fortified
and would dspeedy against superior
short time ago its citadel ed TO make way
for railroad. was The first city in Europe which was
defended by regular fertilization. II has always played
most Important part in Italian wars, from its geograpn-
cal position
Napoleon ILL.,, therefore, does not need to cross
the Alps to defend Sardinia sssa Austria. BY
the aid u steam and his powerful fleet he land his
troops both at Genoa and Nice and Venice in the Adr
attic; and by extending line from the latter across the
peninsula to Genoa he cut of the auxaries OF Aus.
tina in Central and Southern Italy. What is more
be can invade Austria by trieste, her own
port in the Adriatc. His navy, in fact. Will
make both the Mediterranean and the Adratic,
for the time being French lakes, for Austria has
fleet. England keeps of her hands be will have all
bis way. Had the elder Napoleon such ct hs
he need have crossed tho APPS But there
was then steam, and EogIaDd which his enemy,
swept the with her fleets TIE circumstances Ma
Of Italy and Germany are entirely different.