Yorkville enquirer. [volume] (Yorkville, S.C.) 1855-2006, 1859-03-31
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it for taking up water, and thereby preventl
flowing or washing until saturated" I'D the|
depth pulterizad. Hence the Quantity ta;
ken, and may say wasted 10 this direction,
will be- proportion to the depth Of furrow
by which it is broken. Thisaloae, in mod.
crate raining and slight declivities, may'be
made to adiig'er 10 preventing washing. IT
1t were necessary to establish the above po-
sition, I wdald merely refer td'the Quantity
Of water necessary to satlfate q safd bed to
! flowing; but in the event Of, heaviersralns>I 4
and sleeper slopes, it beco@es necessary to'I
Lloek to new guards and additional securities.
I These are to DC found in nshill lsdhcHlns
| and horizontal ploughing. As Isegard these
TWO acting mostly in connection, and 90 the
same principle, the one being the moaihea.
Ntion of tie othet, t.win glance at the theory
of their nioc1as opernm1i, as I understand it;
/ for this;ln.g show Why it5' sthassame ssue
teeed and others fail, and pronounce ditchiPs
a book farming humbugr-! Their design isto
gradually change the course of water. and
convey i en- 30 evenly graded inclination, "a, as
to direct the excess of gently and control.
tlingly, preventing an accumulation at any
sGepoint more than anothei, $50 as 'tosgai1s
{ weight shii FORGE to break across rowssa nd
ditches ), for, such lyilhbe7tbe case IN uneven >
ly grades forming obstructions'to continuous
] flow Then to affect their design, ditohes
act much upon.the principle ofithe inclined
! plane as applied to the screw, in prcvgentlng'
too pid descent and acceleuated, velocity =
. Water follows the ;sameAaws in descent
. as solids, having velocity in proportion to
! perpendicular height and length Of basc.-
The lehg,h of base ftof an inclined plane may!
be 50 Increased and so nearly approach q SfeVS
el, ttatsa round body will scarcely rols fer
ward on it without impulse. This is the
case With fluids, their inclined planes nay be
50 Heightened by bitches, after, the same
manner as the, threads iengtheu the inclined
j plane Of. The screw that water will move
slowly and gently down, not having too rapid
fal! so as to wash 'on the one hand, On. too
i1ttle, SO rs to Accumulate and break son.rthe'
. other. ~ -s9. ;. - ,r'.4 ''~'r, ~ -
II Hayins partially investigated the theory
tof hin ditehiag, it remains to say. something
; rather srsgestivsthan explanatory, that may;
). in.some degree assist those unpracticed.iu
their construction. As it is eontended-that
b, ia proper system Of ditcbing will succeed, the
question nay arise as to what's meant byya
proper system. BY this ,1then-.in the arst
j, place, I understand that good judgment
and discerniog,a if net a praoticed eye,
should select their starting. points and 10.
calities; following most accurately the indF
cations, Of the Level, giving fall Of from one
to two inches in twelve feet,,as Che declisity
tof thehill and space between the bitches, may
reqrires'sIn the seeondsplace; they should
; be of sufficient dimensions and construction
as to- hold the water in any excess Of raining !;
for their breaking is disastrous and should
be carefully avoided In the third place,
fthey should be rather wide than deep, and
deeper OH the side up the hill, so as tothrow
the watel'. from the, embankment5up the ply
in direction it.oannot break In the fourth
place, the smaller guard ditches should emp
ty their water into the main ditehes or .hol-
lows too deep to ditch around, when they
cannot be conveyed out of the field; and to
prevent the accumulating Of water conse-
quentin 'long bitches, it is, found to beS5a
good plan TO start at some point from which
there Is an inclination each side, that one
portion Of the water may be thrown to the
| right, tb,t other to the left terminus Of the
ditch In the fifth place, IN regard to run
| nnsthe rows when not designed to funiato
the bitches horizontal or on perfect level,
they .ma,rabe ran parallel with thesditebes
and on:then feveE or they may be. run with
out regard to the bitches, lifting the plough
1 ia crossing. bitches will be of much bene.
fit, even though the, rows besrun7 oueeither
the above plans, and will be greatadvanee
upon the no ditch policy; but the level seor
horizontal rows, 10 connection with ditehes,
1 III in my opinion, the cousummation- the
perfection: Of. the great Idea Of saving our
lands! Practice and observation, both 60 to
establish, that when carefully and skilfuily
coustracteds theyswih act as charniingly as
thescr with its fabricated: threads; bnt it
requires a.stricter adherence to the rules up
on which the system depends, and the level
must be regularly maintaioed, between the
guard bitches into or over which each row
passes. - 80. -
l am inclined to the opinion that most
men, with, little instruction and practice
with level may do their own fhill side
engineering by altering and mending imper-
feetiens that may occur. There Is, however,
marked difference in the aptitdde:9 pet
SONS, both inathe locating and running off the
bitches. would, therefore, suggest TO those
feeling deficient, tho proPriaty Of prqeutieg
the assistance of some one, experienced and
capable, when it is convenient; for one cau
scarcely paya man by the -daytosdosa more
valuable job on the farm. = -''s: 4
I know farmers, Of those old and agricul:
turalcountries, would look upon that farmer
| whose rolling fields were not underaa com
I plete system OF ditches, as not4aving tskeu