New-York daily tribune. [volume] (New-York [N.Y.]) 1842-1866, 1859-09-13
LECTURE OF HORACE GREELEY BEFORE
THE MECHANICS INSTITUTE.

tore in the Congregational Church, last evening, on
the corner Of Dupont ana Caifofnia streets before
the Mechanics Institute. The Church was crosded
TO excess, and a large proportion Of the audience
were femalss-tbe beauty and Intelligence Of our
city. AS the crosd was Assem- bling the orgsu
BOUNDED forth its full rich tones, and added much to
the fa,moDy and ell, ct OF the occasion.
At O'Clock the President of the Institute came
forward ard introduced Mr.. GREELEY, who addressed
the auoie,cs in SUBSTANCE ne fooSs:
This large and respectable audience assembled to-
night, would seem 10 anticipate something different
from the fl hand familiar talk which came here 10
have WITH my c!ass, the nee 1snics and working
men. hove prepared no eabora'e ADDRESS; came
rather 10 Dspre thought III my hearers AID wakeu
train Of action calculated them to full sense
OF their p'esert responsibilities aid duties came
here to spesk Of industry and The mechanic arts, and
their in fueuce and Destiny. If magnify my office,
and seem TO give them gre Ser scope than msy seem
Just, trust shall be held eScussbie The compars-
i've civilization Of the human races marked by
their progress in the hdu.trial ats. 10 the savage
state there ii comparatively 10 Industry at all. The
savage is al Dabtuhl disr; aroused Only by the
sharp teschr IS of necessity TO become hunter or
fsher and m some ow teDse 40 ar san or CONSTRUCTOR
but Only IN the lowest sense. lie cOUparaive al
ysLceIeDt Of the mechanic arts makes the advaLce
nen of the Juet 30 far a. the industry OF race
10 diiscted to the invention and fashoLiDg of ms
cbineIy for the accomplishment Of labor Just 20 far
DO thai people advai 10 thu enjoyment of life. look
forward with confidence TO the coming Ct tine,
within the lifetime of this people. when every one
will become estensly manufacturer. lo the science
Of agriculture SoLe, what has been accomplished
BY the improvement III the implements Of lsbo The
/ lsbor Ct ga hedng the harvest lie nos practically
io,e ore half by The mecbaIic in his shop, aud only
the o. her hail by the abOrer on the farm. In early
ages the pillow was Triangular piece of wood, with a
ibupeDed ecge, ard wss drssged through the soil.
i The pillow is ror Of the highest achievements of
manufacturing ski, ard tie power Of steam has been
bsrpe ssed to the plow uplurDirg the soil often Of
l twenty and even fifty acres III siDgle day. can
viii unyose the animals from their rude servi.ude and
| replace them in the field. Aud within generation
the soil sill be turned up without the toll or skl OF the
| lusbsJdmsn, but by the aid OF mechanism.
But the is not the boundary of scs nee; all through
the opeJs tCps Of the household and farm will be per-
| formed by machine laboI--the making of butter aud
VA biDg Of clothes. Chemistry AMI chsnics will be
coIduceo under he inspiration and ad OF mechanical
genius, to the Accomplishment Of grand objects How
much has been already effected within the present
rberstOn From the simple dstbf aud spinning
- uhee at which <, aodnIohers toled 80 patiently,
Nv the in meLee Seaving looms and machinery, by
Eh,ch thou-apds Of yards of cloth are manufactured
daily, the sewing macnioe with its thousand varie 1875
| ud Improvements, seems destined to toke away the
hat phase Of Inefficient servtu5e. VieT IT as We msy,
The mechanic becomes the motive po~er, and necbau,-
eel labor the f,u,ure the ele prog ess OF the race
The eJg htenmt of tie working ciassee IL laduced
b, the development OF The arts The laborer 10 most
other countries, is regarded a. mere counter In the
| great game Of hf,-a mere insti lmenaiiy by when
Fin, and rches are enabled to make lie oore agreea-
| be- lie never attans aGy position except tnroagn d
rnmph Of he mecaatic ants Aiter Tue Normah CON
qsest the labtrer vas seff, aud wore co,at as q
| ttpe vf slavery. 10 Belgium IL was that the ssiis
| sac fist emancpsCsd from the Ownerehp OF the ioro
ethe soil In Russia at the present DAY, srea. move
usnts ays De 10y made to abolish serftOm ana elevae
Inc abo,lr classes. IL nsy be safely set DOVE ., Tue
rtut of the introduction of the mechanic arts. lake
hm Russia Der railroads and steam WORKS. ana tue
| nooern improvements sbe has Introduced, ana enc
sOuc again suoside IA the eavish d.spc'lsh ~u,oh
formerly prevailed-desd to tae voice OF Humanity,
md regardless Cf the Of the law. Sp1Llsn Amer
o has oSsuued ITS Udepeudutce, and Vainy a'te hpeo
10 abolth Slavery. They sie tree ouly IN name: lne
mass cf the population et poems. 81 10 Mexico,
lev ats the chatiels of the rch. and will BE- go until
the introduction Of improvement among them III the
nechaLi, arts Theie are iwO ideas pecilng labor
til, old and the pew. Tee old idea assumes that
erys marion OF the bupar race were borc doomed
Ito labor far the few. The Bah nulst DIVISION OF cstes
With it, priests soldiers merchants, labore, aod ont
casts, was true type OF the old I'd OF society We
nee the same tbouk expressed 10 the ap1cy phai VIII
,g Of the wisdom of Solomon, who says, " how can
man get wisdom who is oocup ed wth the getting oil
gold and Of goods = &C., showing that ia that DAY
heie was DIV Of casses-.he high born and the
herat and the base born and thoe wno lived by dong
lie BIDDING Of the higher classes. Wi,dom was smut
Ni from them. The literature OF the Romans and
Greeks and Pbenicaos was rot Tor The multitude, olt
1ihe foya few 1t upon this assumption OF tne dis.
| action OF clsseeSthe directory ard the executive
lat the dispaf enent OF labor was founded.
| The new idea of our time Is founded upon better
i rdsrstapdipg of the law Of God and hamanity. 1t
sc,epzes ali usefu labor essentially laudable and
onoIabe-ths gfeser hoDUr wber. there Is Tue greater
l efficiency. The digger who makes the thoussndlh
art OF canal is not Of honor equal To tue scehunc
zgipeer who fully sccompshes the WORK OF It's con-
nuCtiOn. More honor with greater intel isence, Dat
ontr t. csch in hts degree, but the ager honor Is
'ae TO him who ACCOM- hshes the greater result Sim
Ily mammal labor lever achieve the highest re,
vGd, Icr comrnaI d the greatest regard HANG ana
iesa must work together. To accomplish great re-
lts tie labOfer be intelligent and educ aed In
De country 'he pttce of labor Is copparauvey ngu'
Nd yet il is question whether l. is not, on the whole,
saesper 10 the end than else where. Nicholas Biddie
nd other distDg ushed thnle upon the subject, as-
sned that Ausrcan labor at higher puce was
saper than the labor OF Spain or most other coan-
Tee Of almost nominal rates. ln building the Deo OF
iufoad tor instance it is found cheaper with Ameri'
~ labor or labor under their guidance anu III
ssiop. than with any other. Tbs Is ProNou W
fact that railroads can be bullt III amc c;nS
one sixth past of the cost of CONSTRUCTING
sep in Ilat and, i believe, IN ireland go
Abor as il becomes better educated, VIII Si,o
seone more effective ana when II receives us uouoie
sssrd il VIII be more profitable. ln my own prancn
tlsb>i il Is also tue. Although the pnce OF nool
slsh.r we have Produced books an6 papers cqua
sQ1sgty AID ouaotity snd at cheaper rates, than 10
tbsI countries. assume, then th.t ctloh Is 'hs
Tee; lever by which the lab0rig casses eau aiono Ve
ised TO their hight Education IN every gr ade
useful labor lie the means 10 work out The oesIin! VI
nALkiLd.
We huow more than our fathers; ard they kne v
more than our grandfathers; and ss compared VIII
Notcer tstots the education OF the pe'Vo vi 'no
tttd States Is superior TO perhaps all except tnose
VI Inc higher German States oi Europe. IN nos'
eeutHss o The world the laborer Is mere puPPe' III
ashADcs CT ihe eunpirg iew Edueauon aau in'
su'iy slons Is the means which prevents our re'apse
ao the bsrbsrsm Of The former eges. Ii should DC
sieal ooDcerp then, OF all no take sn Interest ~
Auush race, " STE tina, the oil education is
sahoed We should not Only think, but act, III tne