The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1859-03-17

S,
BY the oveiseers, with polling place az tho expense Of
the county m every pa h Of two hundred voters united
With 81 stem by which scattered electors may record
ther sufTsges on polling papers, much 10 tho way now
Gone under the Poor Law and Meopoi tan Local Manage
nsnt act This seems designed 10 et rid Of the ballot
box, though IN fact 1t renders more necessary than
ever; and secret voting viii undoubtedly become
the law of England, is Of the United States, where II
works so admirably we'll With the dslranchisemen aad
re dlslrbus,on principle Mr. Dsraci does not virtually
deal al all as he proposes to gam only fifteen boroushs
by entire dnfranchisement. Tne above is very orie
and hasty sketch Of the principal features IN this long
expected ana though were unfr 10 judge and
condemn IL in hour, it certainly cannot be accepted a.
measure OF reform for the British constitution, or as cal
Cuated give satisfaction TO the really aegreved classes
II repndassB all the princples laid down IN Lord John
promneatsd but n substttes no grand. acS aowIedaed
principle being remarkable chiefly for its Ingenious dsn;
tOns, eccentric complexities and devious convolutoas.
Our st. Petersburg Correspondence.
ST. PETERSBURG, Feb. u, 1859.
2Re Holicn WGr Question in R,gsia Peace and Qaiees
Throughout the Empire-No PreparatiaHs for War-IB-
dusiriol Movement-Necesty Of Uniting ths Empire By
Railoays-The Army on Peace Establishme,U-7ae
Russians in Aaa-Treaty With The Khan Of Kokhana.
Win there be war; Will i. be general one? VIII
Russia take part IN it, and which side9 Such the
questions that debated in all circles especially the
las with which we are more Immediately concerned.
Our commercial men, specuators and i,dusrie who
have multiplied exceedingly Of late years. naturally in
hope and pray that this country will keep out of the
The participation Of Russia in European would be
death blow 10 the nnumerable projects and enterprises
that have been entered into during the interval OF tran
quy that has elapsed since the treaty Of Paris and
sion losses that would not be compensated by acqs
ton Of territory it might lead to, s it should DO
enabled in the general scramble realize the cherished
schemes OF Catharne and Nicholas and TO plant the Cross
the minarets OF St. Sophia. Our military men, on
the contrary, who are not influenced by such con-
sderatons declare loudly for they eager to have
brush with Austria, against whom they feel burning
resentment for her conduct during the Oriental difficulty,
and of whose military efficiency they formed mos.
tcmpble opinion during the Hungarian campaign. 1t is
fact that France, Piedmont, and even England who
actually opposed TO in the field Of batte not
by any unpopular here as Austria, who only
barcd and snarled but did not bite the former
garded fair and open enemies, against whom no further
grudge entertained after the excitement Of warfare is
past while the latter s contemDed perldious and
grateful ally, who took advantage Of our difficulties to
wiring greater concessions from by her diplomacy than
the others had been able to obtain by their Wo
have, therefore, account open against Austria and
there many who think this favorable opportunity TO
settle II.
Our government appears to be swayed alternately by
the two conflicting opinions which have just noticed.
inclined to maintain pacific policy The construction Of
great net Of railways is only just began and will
que several years before the principal lines
completed. BY engaging In war now the works would
only be interrupted, but perhaps adjourned I'D ii
tn~, and should thus be deprived Of the irmcnso
military facilities they would confer upon at the very
moment they were most wanted. The disadvantages
arising from the deficiency OF rapid communication
too strongly felt by government during the late for
them 10 be willing to enter into struggle before that
deficiency thoroughly remedied The settlement OF the
great serf question, oo which has been undertaken by
the present Emperor and which he looks upon task
specially reserved for him by Providence mpcratvey
demands long period Of internal and external tranquility,
IL il is TO be solved without convusons that might shake
the empire to IFS centre He is naturally of peaceabe
disposition, to boodsbed and inernecne discord,
he is convinced that in political point Of
the power and greatness OF Russia will be efectuay
promoted the dcveopement OF her internal resources,
and the civilization Of her semi barbarous myrads, than
by plans Of ambition and conquest On the other hand,
there is strong party the throne, at the mead OF
which the Grand Duke Constantine Prince Gortschakof
the Minister ofFoTegl Aars and General Mouravie (of
kars). who contend that would be grave fault not to
profit by conjunction of circumstances so favorable TO
the traditional policy Of Russia and which may be hardly
expected TO the next generation. They argue
that the event OF struggle between France and AUSTRIA
INTO which England and Prussia would probably be
drawn, it would be impossible Tor to remain Idle
spectators without 'fOrfeiting position OF
the great Powers Of Europe We should incur the hatred
they finally came TO understanong-whch Of course
they must do sooner or later-they might easily be in
duced to unite against 10 avenge their several gricv
ances-france anu SARDINIA, Tor our disappointing the
hopes have lately held out TO them, hough from all
] can learn without entering into binding engagements
with either Of these Sttes, and Prussia and Austria for
desctng the principles OF the Holy Alliance, OF which
Russia was TO long the lrmcst supporter 1t Is hntcd,
moreover that rs respects the great internal ques
on that agiates the country 1t would be more likely
10 be settled jointly and satisfactorily the attention Of
the people were diverted from its exclusive contemplation
shown
in 1912 and 1858, brings all classes, from the highest
the lowest, into closer and more friendly contact and
would thus facilitate an arrangement in harmony with the
interests Of them all.
This difference of opinion in the Cabinc. has undoubt
edly contributed 10 the temporizng and ambiguous att
tude observed by government the first symp-
toms OF the present crisis became apparent As yet
armaments have been commenced, unusual hustle is
perceptibe in military and naval arsenals, and
new conscrron has been ordered, although the last
crung took place early in 1856 before the conclusion Of
the war The army is still on the peace establishment,
al the dsbanded the regiments Of infantry
are reduced 10 thrce baaons each with only the sec
tons OF the fourth and almost all general officers are
on iurloughsome in the interior Of Russia abroad
In the meantime, however, measures have been taken
very quietly TO call out all the at minutes
notice. the troops stationed in the interior OF the country
being gradually moved the frontier, and prac
sed unremittingy in the of the Minnie rife, the
want Of which proved disastrous at the Alma the
artillery and engineering dcpots are visited by
less a parsonage than Grand Duke Nicholas,
younger brother OF the Emperor, and the works
the various railways particularly that from Moscow
TO Warsaw and from here to Dunaburg being pushed
y mild season, which has enabled them TO be carried
throughout the whole winter. Consultations take place
almost every day between Cen Mouravie, Prince kei
chkor and the two Princes GortchakoG tie Foreign MI
nsier and the Commander in Chief OF the first army who
arrived here from Warsaw short time since; and the
ruors that have been current for the last month two
about the formation Of a second army from the Fourth
filth and sxth corps are gradually acquiring more
sistency II will probably have It's headquarters at Kod
IN eadinefs TO act either the Danube the frontiers
OF Galica, and tho command will be entrusted chcr
Gen. Mouravie or 10 Cen Panutn who was chief of tho
division OF auxaries sent 10 the assistance Of the Aus
irans IN lslo and who Is intimately acquainted with tho
localities from the Carpathan mountains tho gates OF
VIENNA The First, Second and Third corps continue In
Poland and lihuana under the orders OF Prince GoTts-
chakoh who, in case Of war, will is hought, bc mado
Gencraiissmo OF the whole army, poet that has been
vacant since the death Of Field Marshal Paskewitch.
Jbose Elk corps together with the trenaders
arc at present not above $50 900 strong, Of whomas
sufficient garrsons must be left in Poland nc only
about $50 900 would be able take the eld but those
numbers would be greatly increased Il tho were
called out on this, as have snid before, signs
yet visible and when orders TO that effect issued
from the War Office we may be perfectly assured that