The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1859-05-30

he Is offered more than four times the amount
The subscriptions are taken as low as ten francs
so that every Frencbman may have direct pc
cunia,y interest ia sustaining the government Of
the country. The difference between the floan-
cial systems of the two countries is very striking
and in it may be found the key to the operations
of the war In the matter OF money. which il
the sinew Of the war-ipdeed, its whole body
the first victory is certainly for Napoleon.
The Position" ard Policy or the European
P"wers-csn a General War be Avoided
The news from Europe. published this mora
ing exhibits The increasing fear 10 the public
mind that the present war cannot be confined to
Italy, and that it must, sooner or later, involve
all The nations of Europe.
That such result mnst occur if the several
great Powers pursue tepaciously the policy which
each is known to have at heart, is very evident
and it can only be avoided by mutual conces-
siops in the prosecution of their designs, or delay
i'll some more favorable copjuncture for their
accomplishment. There are in Europe bat three
great living patiops- Eng land, France and Rus
sia All the others are either in state of pas
sivity, decay or reconstruction. In the fret
named class We may rank Sweden, Denmark,
holland, Belgium, Switzerland, and even Prus-
sia which, since the time of Frederick the Great,
BIAS exhibited DO master mind among her states
men, nor any other policy than a desire to coun.
teract Austrian influence in the reconstruction OF
Germany. Turkey and Austria exhibit unmis-
takeable sigus of decay. The Turk accepts his
destiny with all the philosophy of tatalist SIM
ply insisting that Allah is great, and Mahomet is
his prophet. But not 80 Austria. She clugs
to the old ideas with all the ambition but with
out the expansive energy Of youth. A young
Emperor wishes to invigorate her with some of
his own spirit. Under his guidance she would
push her homogeneous rule through the Danu-
bian Principalities to the Black Sea, and south
ward till she clasred both shores of the Adriatio
and of Italy. But her intellectual and physical
systems are unequal to the task, in the face OF
the opposition of the spirit of the age Italy
Germany, Spain and Portugal are now in more
or LEES active state of reconstruction
1t is the control of this process that occupies
the care and vigilance of the three great living
Powers of Europe. First in action among these
stands France at the present moment. She has
hung out her banners as the champion Of recon.
struction, ard drawn the sword against Austria
as the Paladin Of conservatism. Thus far she
proclaims only the reconstruction of Italy
Whether by this she means the gathering of
twenty-seven millions of Italians in one kingdom
under Victor Emanuel, and its admission into
the European family as a sixth great Power, or
whether she intends to unite Only Sardinia, LON
hardy and Venetia in one, and to place new
princes at the head Of the Roman States and of
Naples, binding all in an Italian confederation.
che has probably left to the march of events to
decide. Beyond this scheme stand her long
cherished views. She claims the establishment
of what she calls her natural boundaries. Fol-
lowing the Alps on one side, these would give
her small slice from Savoy and Piedmont-no
very difficult matter if she succeeds in uniting
acknowledgements to that kingdom. On the
other side she aspires to govern to the Rhine,
taking into her domain all of Belgium, part or
all Of Holland, and portion of the present Ger
man Confederation.
The attainment Of these hopes would make
France the first military, naval, Industrial and
commercial Power Of Western Europe. Posses
sion of Belgium would give her vast beds of coal
and iron, that stand first among the material ele-
ments Of war and peace, and of which she is now
lacking. Belgium and Holland would bring
to her numerous seaports, and the Rhine,
natural highway to her inland borders-none of
which she now has. Together, they would make
her the peer of England in the North. Sea and
the British Channel.
In accord, If not in alliance with France,
stands Russia, the Cossack Colossus of the East.
Her accepted mission is to carry civilization,
commerce and the mechanic arts to Northern
and Central Asia; but she extends her view to
the shores of China, and perchance to those of
Hindostan. In these conquests, however, she is
eminently practical, and takes no faster than she
is prepared to hold. 1t may be that policy or
other influences will lead her to be satisfied with
the northern slope of the Himalaya mountains
But she has designs in the West, too. The mouths
of the Danube, to which Austria would extend
her feeble grasp, che claims through the identity
Of religion and the aspirations Of en-
pire; and all her hopes. concentrate on
the possession of Constantinople and the Bos-
phorus. This ambition has led her to unite with
France on the policy of European reconstrac-
ton, and to assent to the declaration that the
treaties Of Vienna must be revised. If she sue
ceeds in obtaining Constantinople, the Mediter-
ranean is at once opened to her fleets, and the
Black Sea becomes, like the Baltic. the cradle
of her navy. With these, she takes her stand by
the side OF England and France in the category
of naval and commercial powers.
Before these two Powers England stands ZEAL
GUS and vigilant In Europe she desires to pre-
serve her position as first in every sense. In
Australia and India ebe has two MIGHTY oron;ros