The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1859-05-06
TIE SEAT On WAR.

THE MILITARY POWER OF AUSTRIA IN ITALY
The April number Of the Rsc1c des Deuz Mndss con.
.lns article the Austrc italian armaents In the
1rst division, or chapter, Of this article the military
strength Of Austria in LoSardy at the beginning Of
February, estimated to have been 40 900 men, These
figures however, are gven with dldence as resting On
official statements, which often purposey nsxact Al
the same time the writer considers the calculation TO bo by
no meaDS over the marx and thinks numter has Sspa
greatly increased since the time named. In line DE
Says
We believe that Austria, without stripping her ether
rontie-c and wthou: imposing on herself e,rts teo ex
raoFdcary for continuance could marshal In THE coup
try ay> 900 men able to bear comparison with any
army that exists. ESnoe them as we learn by the Nj
asre ct Halifax, $4,000 additional troops have been or
dered 70 Italy BY Austr.a-ED. NEW YossK HERAEDl
We now quote In full, the second chapter
Upper Italy, which this army would have 10 defer .
srDsA sort OF almost entirely en- viroEec by he
Alps and the sea. opens only the South .oy7ards he
pentnsua 80 as TO unite itself with petty Sss that nv
f'ss din~svcDes6 placed undcr the complete de-
dependence Of those more powerful masters Who ave
for ages past held dominion over Lombardy md IN
sepng sides Of the mountains Unless an a,gsv e er bv
sec one Of the sS ports lying beyond TIE lis. of M oun
tain ridges, ~ Be necessary IN order 10 one
rate in the plair cd in Of ,car cSAeser b. H;oe
rent po''r hos been able to insure the sssaMe sys
ses T srategtcat routes vi this rcry Aare great
S'fS'N'"y ~ bShotahy IeCognLeQ kn2t az the ways
o. communication do not present equal advantage for
military operations; but since the BEGINNING Of tbis con
fury seems longer to be thought that the GRO snr
a. mountains 30 LOFTY as the Alps can be attended With
ss be the case, however, and pact ages wero rQht re-
ssroing such passage as one Of the signal and
oGlaI 9ous acts thct general could acconpsl here
VIII always be immense danger the position OF an nv
that shall be separated from Its basis Of operations 80
loy CHAIN and II must anticipate surprise ad dc feat
oeore !, shall have been able collect lie resources
may be useful TO recty few erroneous ideas BRO "a
acIa1,n hxI, =
great st. Bernard in $500 Bcause a, s os oe
predigous efforts, and beyond the courage Of m en-
ceeded in taking through q gorge $500 0 me tn
above the level OF the sea, aud along road ,ilardi
armies are condemned drag after them perons Tho ~
the greatness Of such exploit are dispseed to
believe that any path win do not only for passese Of
On aiay oat also for daily communication First lei us
call to mind that the great Bernard had been caraliv
and marked cut az the point where the least Ia
Dor would be required for the formation Of prac \
tcabie roue then, the passage eected durinethe
sOsss aeason Of the year. bya young ardent loader VINO
essential carrying neither siege train nor pontoons
thoAe two greatest impedlments to march. line az
eseht to be practicable ct any time Of the
year by carriages for the sck and wounded bv RAIN
forcements, by provisions Of every kind escortcd on
turned 70 account for this sort Of sSrv,cs Tbc
first consul never thought Of sending sucif CON.
Of this that he no sooner reached the Main S S, 90
was to march Milan for the purpose of open
ing for himself good communications debouohins from
SWITZERLAND, held ct that time by French armiss and
whence the divisions of General Money! were ahou ~
He attached such Importance 70 these routes that
Meas time TO concentrate his surprised and isnersed
troops and Of seeing him present himself on tho fed Of
him the victory, which we know all but happened a.
sarengo. This example, 80 often cited, Is there.
lore tar nom proving that the question not be
The examination Of those ch been traced o across
Ha n san ,a n gssa syo and .e ,Aau g: "a,
means 9ring TO oil The icoys of conmu,,icatson opsr
each ne possesses any influence, direction useful
At the time when Poybius wrote tho history Of the
PuDio wars only four passages the Alps were
through Braneon and Fenestreles which was probably
selected by Hannibal and lastly the routes Of the little
forts the populations the ciearines Of wooded dstres
increased the number, but always within small limits
and sixty years sso the As possessed in part road
that could be safey used the whole year round This
iodca Interruptions Of relations npeded greatly the
trade which has nov become 80 active between the nha
the opening Of tho Smpon route the arvels Of
which have been far surpassed by works.
that could not be finished his reign and some of
which have remained uninished The Atssrian oorcr.
Lomta,!y and Germany and used ali he inGuenc
she tor so long time orer the Cabinet Of in}o
France and Switzerland.
At present there only two good roads leaduy
The borders Of the since the
this century to supersedc frghul road that often "a
along the ledges Of precpces Intercepted by grea
stronghold Of Genoa and by others Of less importance
such as Nice, Savone, and vinmile, II nevertheless en-
abes you to croes the Apennines through passes OF
great elevation, the chief OF which Bochetta Ceuo
IS now also connected With the towns Of Piedmont b.
means OF railway. The second good road over whic
ncs can rum and which the Alps westwardly
- tnas Of Mont Gents, decreed by the Emperor Nspo
icon OF which Austria did not permit the continuation,
save Oh the condition Of having IL dominated by tho
fortress Of Esseion Savoy As for the other prac-
sosos Iouses Austria did all she could 70 prevent their
~. r 1on she not only prevented Piedmont from
nm torrit th, No., |
Ue s route already mado on the French side,
anu ,om IMPROVING and msndrg the roads through other
ncs 30 ~ during the ehe season. although no ac
~ INC o. road is constructed those of the Iautaro
y haiaarc ana others. She insisted moreocsr that
or's should be buis In the valleys that lead 70 g. vn,
1io Exlles and Fence.yees their ramnarts n,,an
roe ihresenng than they had ever BEEN rne smoIsn
oad nstk winch only leads 70 France bv Amt p1sang
nsousa sSizer'and, had the sAne lnscrdict laid pon