The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1859-05-21

among the semi barbarous tribes Of her dependencies.
Kossuth had previously obtained from the Parliament
levy Of 100000 men, and he raversed the country,
inspiring the whole people with zeal for fatner
land and freedom. The intrepid but very Ill provided
hosts thus raised concentrated tho Thess while
The Parliament retired TO Debreczn On the 4h Of March
The Emperor promulgated constitution, bestowng pot-
cal rights and independent institutions on all the Austrian
provinces, but thus abroesng e ancient constitution OF
not having been crowned In It's capital a. ex
pressy stipulated In the Pragmatc Sanction Before the
the Danube, and the Declaration Of Hungarian indie
pendence had issued from Debreczn. Meanwhile, inc
had been utterly defeated at Novarn lssrcn
The 23 and Charles Albert had resigned his crown TO nus
son. Haynau had bombarded Bresca, and Narmora
Genoa the Archduke Of Tuscany had et from his capital
The Constituent Assembly Of Rome had proclaimed re-
public, and elected Mazzni first Trumvr; the Pope had
appealed TO all Catholic Powers France bad responded
with promise Of armed Intervention and Austria had
the Frankfort Parliament dsowned FIRST by Austria then
by Prussia had retired 70 was presently
dorf Bresau and Baden In resistance 70 reaction, had
failed, and all Prussia was under military law In Nay
army was invading Hungary through Gsilicia,
Moravia and Transylyana, in three columns
each $1,000 strong Tho Romans yielded lJ1y the Sal
lie. Hungarian enthusiasm and intrepidy, nfamed 70
the highest the fatality Of the and the appeals OF
equal conflict Benz held the Russian hordes in check on
the side Of Transylvan and Dembnski the north
covered Rsab against which the Ausrans were sdvano
ing under Haynau eAted with the reconquest of Italy,
and reinforced by another Russian host But the generals
could not combine their forces In time 70 being DO
feated in detail The Danube and the Thesis were re.
crossed. Temesvar was defended with desperate but
and thither Gorgey followed them. council Of war
transferred the government from Koesuth 70 GOrgey, on
sntee the maintenance Of the Husraran
an independent ministry; But on the 18th Of August
s
still held out Kapka refused 70 follow the example and
obey the summons Of Gorgsy He at length captua.ed
Imperial Commissioner Of general amnesty and an
honorable retreat for the garrison. How the. for
mer part Of tho agreement was kept all the world
knows. Courts martial were Set up at Pssth
and Arad by which Count Louis Bathyani former Prime
Minister Of Hungary and who had gone to the Austrian
camp with dag Of truce, and twenty Others noble
men and officers were shot or hanged honorable women
were logged patriotic families were ruined by consca
ton and imprisonment 900 Hussars and Honveds we're
compelled 70 enst the Austrian ranks Kosauth and his
fellow fuEtves demanded Of the Sultan Of Tur
closed 1919 But the reacton did not there stay rs re-
lentess Within the neT year Prussia had deserted
the cause Of the Duches, and left them to be crushed by
Denmark The National Assembly Of France had enacted
the law of May, by which universal suffrage the basis Of
the republic, narrowed 20 half the number Of votes
by which that assembly had been elected the Pope had
been renstated by the combined armies of France
Austria tho chduke Of Tuscany had returned 70 Flor
enoc Ferdinand worked his wild will unchecked in Sicily
and Naples the old German Congress had rcaesembed at
Frankfort the close Of 1850 behed the CRIMES OF Aus
ra and Prussia upon little esse Casse TO en-
minister.
WHAT SARDINIA REALLY NEEDS.
The editor Of the Eco dNalia OF thiG city, pubehes
the following extract from letter addressed to him by
the Sandman Minister
TURIN, Feb 1e, 1859.
AyDEAR sm-I heve received tho letter addressed to
from New York the 10th Of January last and hasten
to express my eciaton Of the sentiments therein
pressed, so honorable to yourself and countrymen
resident in the United States. Certainly the offer made
by the Italian eigrants there b enter the ranks Of the
Sandman army IN Of between Piedmont and
Auntra proves generous disposition, and cannot but be
gratifying to the government 70 which such noble oer
is made. But is well that you should know and in.
form the Italians in America, that il of
such eventuaes as above alluded TO- the government
10 not in need o. the elements whence 10 form good SOL
ders and officers for the ranks Of the Sardnien army
these elements already superabundant in Piedmont
What really needed not much military assistance
money. While grateful, therefore, for thie Offer and
fully approaching the sentiments that inspired it, the sar
dnian government does not consder expedient that ii
should be accepted there being above stated already
here superc5undance Of the military element be-
lieve that tie greater part Of our countryr,en In
America as enecuay serve the Italian cause by re-
naming in he United States and using their influence in
Receive aen the Of my high consideration.
c. CAVOUR
The Pua lie Debt q England and France.
Translated from the Journal du Havre Of April 80 for
The s e. S sss Of sas month !, o', xSoS Ss
some Of them we viii add cur own observations.
At the Of the first ect Of the falling down Of the
Of nearly fifteen hundred Millions the charges Of the
y hundred and ninety ave miions-that is to say,
nearly triple But 1885, notwithstanding the indemnify
been brought back 10 one hundred and seventy mons
rent, represented by nominal capital Of ooo
years Of lis existence had created new rents amounting
in principal to b46 800 0o0 and at the end Of 1885, how
40 900 rent But from 1910 the loans were rcessant
y renewed In Short the government Of Louis Philippe
5ssd sa ns~ nd r sa: 's c9ssss
At the downfall Of the monarchy in 1s40,
the capital Of the public debt was $500 900 ooor
From 1851 to 1885, have the following table Of that
1851. 5,s4s,ss7 sso 1862. 81 ss2
1858 SSH, 5o4 5se 1857 Osi, 9e2 4ss
1854. .5,669,6550l 1865. ,s96777
For this last Of 1855 the yearly service of the rent
After the war Of 1915 and at the date OF the 9Th of jan
vary the consolidated debt Of England amounted to
f3l6 ,941 nearly 20boo goo 600 r. In 1880 the
amount was reduced to Ell 25l 1882, and in 1851 to
f76a 562 The loans contracted for the Cmean
TO s77o 495 The following the extreme points Of
that long perodon the 9Th Of January 1916 the yearly
service Of the consolidated English debt figured in tho
budget for $50 and the slst Of March, 1855,
for f27,4e5, $685.
pay the war OF determination that all the European OIL
garohies had declared the French revolution; while
France adding together the charges Of two years Of de-
feat and two periods OF invasion 70 these Of twenty years
Of victory and triumph had only incurred debt Of four
billions In capital, and nearly 200 millions in interests.
After period Of general peace for about forty years. the
public debt Of England reduced about quarter, while
ours has nearly doubled without yet attaining to half of
the burden which the English treasury has 70 bear.
An Idea s suggested by these facts. 1t is thst in
France which 10 accused Of giving preporderance 10 IDEAS
ofwar Of territorial conquests the greatest part Of
rents that the treasury has TO pay has for its origin end
basis great works accomplished in the interest Of pesce
and industry; while in England, where positive ideas
to have their most venerated sanctuary where
laughs most Of adventurous and dsinterested under
takings all the weight Of the public debt has been the
result Of the work ct war and destructien-a work
which, may be said has been contaminated at O clear
loss for the serious interests Of England.
Here 10, according 70 the English journal. how the
titles OF the public debt Of both nations distributed
A common opinion 70 that the consolidated debt in
Europe and particularly that of England principally in
the hands Of great capitalists However, this not 3d.
neither for the English the French debt In 1867 the
English debt was divided between 268 996 bearers and
the amount Of the capital then TT, which