The daily exchange. [volume] (Baltimore, Md.) 1858-1861, 1859-06-20

Doubtless many of our readers will remember
that during the period intervening between the
abrupt speech of the Emperor NAPOLEON III to
Baron HUBNER, on New Years day, and the actual
commencement of hostilities, a number of pamph-
lets were published at Paris, all of which had
direct or an indirect bearing upon the Italian
question: and foreshadowed, more or less distinct
ly, the points of difference between France and
Austria. Many of those brochures, it was alleged
at the time, received their inspiration from the
Tuilleries, and in more than one of them the hand
of LOUIS NAPOLEON was declared to be clearly
traceable. Perhaps the most famous pamphlet of
all was that which was at one time enormously
ascribed to our old Nicaraguan acquaintance, Mr.
FELIX BELLY, and which called upon NAPOLEON
III to assume protectorate over the Latin races
by virtue 'of his triple conservation" and to use
his Imperial authority in the interest and behalf of
Catholic unity. Extravagant as the proposition
appears TO be, it nevertheless carried with it a
significant meaning which in all probability will
be developed more fully during the existing war;
The influence of Austria in Catholic Europe has
heretofore been paramount, and it may not be
unreasonably supposed that by her expulsion from
Italy, whatever power she has exercised in spiritual
matters as the selfelected guardian of the Holy SEE
will pass from her hands into those of her con-
queror. We take for granted that LOUIS NApo-
LEON sincerely desires the regeneration of Italy;
but it by no means conflicts with this view that
he should also aim, at the same time by DESTROY
ing the prestige of Austria to place himself at the
head of the Catholic Powers of Europe. 1t would
be mistake to suppose that the quarrel between
France and Austria had its origin in the almost
general assent which was given to Count CAvoUR's
proposition with regard TO Italy by the Congress
at Paris. That quarrel dates back to the occupa-
ton of Rome by the French troops, in ls49, and
the almost simultaneous entrance of Austrian
troops into the Papal Legations. At that time
Austrian jealousy of French intervention was not
only ill-concealed, but was greatly increased by
the now famous letter addressed by LOUIS Ma
PoLEoN, then President of the French Republic, to
Colonel EDGAR NEy. A portion of that letter
is worth transcribing as an evidence of the
sentiments by which LOUIS NAPOLEON was then
actuated, and as showing the consistency between
those sentiments and his present professions 1t
commences thus
My DEAR NEY-
The French Republic has an army to Rome to
smother Italian liberty but the contrary to regulate
it, by defending it from its and to give it
solid basis by restoring to the pontfca throne prince
VINO has boldly placed himself in the front rank all
full reforms.
81 learn with pain that the intentions of the Holy
Father, and our own action, remain sterile in the
presence of hostile passions and influences AS basis
for the Popes return people want prescription yran
ny Tell General RosToLAN from that he is allow
no action to be performed under the shadow of the r
color that could dtort the nature of our Intervention
II thus sum up the establishment of the Popes tenn
powers: General amnesty secularizaton of the
minisraon, Code Napoleon, and liberal government
But notwithstanding the presence of French
troops in Rome, the advice which was given by
Austria prevailed over the more liberal views of
LOUIS NAPOLEON, and the latter was too busily en-
gagged in projects looking to the establishment
of the empire and in battling conspraeies against
his person, to admit of his taking active measures
to enforce the views he had promulgated He
could only protest against that mal-admnsIration
of the Papal Government which SO long as the
voice of Austria controlled its policy, he did not
possess the power to prevent. By this rejection of
the measures proposed by him, through Colonel
NEY, for the pacifcation of the Roman States he
was placed in position from which it was diff
cult to extricate himself. The ascendancy of Card-
nal ANToNELLT, and the influence exerted upon the
latter by Austria well calculated to battle his
pduS lOT INC vi luc duHOlnlStTd-
t'tion," and he found himself compelled to main
tain French garrison in Rome, for the purpose of
excluding Austrian troops from that city, whilst,
by SO doing, he drew down upon his own head the
hatred of the Italians, whose interests he had
sought, though unsuccessfully, to protect. At the
time he was thus fettered and opposed, the diff
Guilty occurred with Russia which finally resulted
IN the Crimean war, and SO long as the integrity
o. O = the Turkish domnions was threatened by the
Gar NICHOLAS, it was necessary to waive, for a
ume the dispute with Austria; but even then the
sagacity of LOUIS NAPOLEON was exhibited in
inducing Sardinia to join the Allies in the Crimea.
with view to future contingencies. The close |
determination which arose between the French
and Sandman troops on that memorable BATTLE
field can scarcely fail to be remembered; nor can
It be forgotten that the staunchest ally of Count
CAvoUR, at the Congress of Paris, was the French
Tracing still the progress of the
lisnnte between France and Austria we find that