The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1859-08-10

Sc ooIs placed under our immediate supervision.
Text Of sas Treaty or vin.srsscs--r rho
| Atsifsn Confederation.
by the arrival OF the steamship Hammouia al
Ibis port we have received the texs Of she treaty
OF Eillairanca which we publish in another
column. il does not materially differ from the
accounts u it which had previously r. ached US.
The only points which are either new or worded
differently from former statements are the fol,
lewing:-
lirst-ipstead OF having actually formed Az
Italian Confederation, the two sovereigns nave
| oGiy Hgreec TO encourage its CREATION" which
however, considering who the high contracting
parties are, may be regarded as tantamouat 10
The accomplishment OF the project The pripci-
pie is settled; only the details remain for ar
| laogen.ent al the Congress.
Secoedy-"The two Emperors will cali upon
| the Holy Father to introduce Indispensable re-
forms into his States" THIS important point
WAS not statsd before. 1t il evident that il has
epsna1eG rrun the mind Of Napoleon, and is sub
servient to The design OF the Confederation, which
we need scarcely say is also exclusively his idea
and merely acquiesced In by the Emperor OF
Austria.
We learn further rom the news received by
Tins arrival, that not only is the Pope willing to
accept the ''bonsrary Presidency" but desires
to be the 'rea and bona fde President" noswitb-
standing the bad feeling between mis- Hoiiness
and Victor Emanuel The Confederation, winch
will be based OF q written constitution, viii har.
monze the jsrripg interests and embark ali IN
one common cause.
The more the form afgoverEnsent designed by
Napoleon for Italy is considered, the more clearly
will its wiedom oe perceived. TO form the seve-
raj States into one kingdom, one empire, or one
republic was utterly impracticsbIe. To unite
them into league OF confederation OF States like
Switzerland 81 the German Confederation ia quite
| feasible, and ID needs but little pressure from
without and little from Within not only to make
1t an accomplished fact but to reconcile to il ami
( to each other aal the parties concerned This is
nothing new In Italy. The traditions and histori.
cal precedents IRE in its favor, showing what was
the effect Of former leagues and considerations
/ In maintaining the independence OF the Italians
/ and protecting them against foreign invasion.
. The Guelfs and Gbibeiins Of LombaFdy, 50 bit
terly 0ppose1 to each other for centuries, united
in the common cause of Italian independence
sgaipst the German Emperor Frederick Bayba.
rosa, and formed the famous lombard League in
the latter part of the twelfth Century. The re-
suit was, that the confederation defeated Freder-
ick in great and decisive battle at Legaago, the
Emperor escaping in disguise from the field. A
truce followed, and finally the treaty of peace Of
Constance, by which the Lombard republics were
|, established in real independence This peace
presented noble opportunity to the Lombards
of establishing apermanent federal union ofsmall
republics form OF government congeoial to
IsaJy from the earliest ages But the spirit of
faction and long cherished hatred aud dark i'm
placasle revenge broke out, the union was dis
solved and Liberty, the pearl OF great price
was lost
Subsequent to this the League of Tuscany
was formed in imitation of The Lombard Con
tederacs, and it was encouraged by Pope Inuo
cent I'LL; for 10 order to preserve the temporal
domipions in Italy which had been wrested By
force Of arBs from the German Emperors, the
papal policy was to enfeeble the imperial power
publics. In this League the cities of TUSCANY
all united, with the exception of Pisa, and the
influence Of the Pope was far more strongly
manifested in it than in that of Lombardys for
though the latter was formed in alliance with
Pope Alexander Ill against Frederick, there is
no alusion to the ecclesiastical quarrel in the
| act of confederacy; it was solely war of ma
| aonal independence, whereas the Tuscan League
| was expressly formed "for the honor and
ACKNOWLEDGMENT Of the Apostolic See." The
| Guelth OF Lombardy VINO hitherto always
supported the Popes, now supported Ohio
| Nv. in opposition to the Pope, because Ohio
| was son of Henry the Lion, the founder OF
| the Brunswick line of the GueiS, who married
| daughter of Henry IL of England. Ohio had
| oeen supported in mis- election by the Pope. aud
so iong d. the Pope found him obedieut, but no
longer. The Guelf AID Ghibelin parties both
originated in Germany, in a dispute about
juchy. The Guelts were the ancestors of Osho
and the name had become a pstronymic in biz
/ family. Ghibelin is derived from town 10
Franconia, whence migrated the Franks who
settled in France. Inc house Of Swabia was
considered IN Germany as representing that of
Franconia and the Ghibelins while the Guel6
represented the Saxon line But in Italy the
Guelts we're the Pope's party, and the Ghibelns
the parry Of the German Emperors. In the case
of Otho the Guelis adhered to name and q
family rather than to a principle The same
Guef family influence prevailed 10 British coun-
ellis in favor Of Austria during the late war in
Italy. The diversion of the Italian Guelf party,
however, from their natural politics only lasted
during the reign of Ohio w., and they again
identified themselves with the cause Of the Pope
and native land. The Tuscan, like the Lombard
League, fell to pieces from the same causes. In
the latter part Of the fifteenth century another
49,. L.. e :.