New-York daily tribune. [volume] (New-York [N.Y.]) 1842-1866, 1859-11-05

il sealed the fate Of Poland and Cracow. II besrs
now beneGcislly on Sardinia aud Central Italy.
The tempest Of Io4s AT the start seemed 10 inan-
gurate new era in the internal and external policy
and relations u nations. An international law
derived from new ard higher principles, was fore
shadowed. The popular xill seemed 10 carr the
day. The Holy Alliance and the Pentarchy ap-
peared 10 be dissolved. Prussia and Austria acre
swept away by the currents. Russia remained un-
shaken. Russia saved Austria in Omdtz, and IN
Warsaw forced Prussia to return TO the old track
in questions Of general external and German pol
icy. In Omuiz, and in Warsaw the Holy ALI
aDee was patched up and made over and, To all
appearances, il has ince remained nenaclng
northern Power.
The results Of 1S3- did not come up 10 our gen
eral and ardent expectation. But that upheaval Of
old Europe was not altogether barren, after all
Europe has been fermening for nearly century
ard atropby il impossible. The change may be-
slow-sometimes even iBperceptibe; but it IL new
erfheless uninterruptedly going on. We may read
progressiy. evolution IN the external policy in the
international Law, and in the diplomacy Of Europe
Louis Napoleon, concentrating in his hands IA
powerful life Of France has made step IN adyanc
on the diplomatic arena. More decisiyey, per-
haps, than Republican France could have done it
nay, finally and for eyer-be has destroyed the
Holy Alliance. He has carried with him, notsns
,oiens, the English Court and the English Goyern-
ment. BY the Crnean war, he isolated Russia,
sowing the germs Of an ineconcilable hatred be-
tween her nation and Government and that Of
Vienna and The Austrians. And Prussia, paraly zed
and expeciant, satisfied no party.
Recently, by the Italian war and by the treaty Of
Villafranca, Louis Napoleon has isolated Austria,
brought her 10 dagger-points with Prussia ard
with at least portion Of Germany beside stirring
up England to tell her old ally, officially, the crudest
aud most unpalatable truths. Never was Austria
30 utterly isolated. Louis Napoleon, skillfully sez
ing and manipulating events, hasbeen the batterng
ram which has shattered the Holy Alliance. lie
will soon do the same with the Treaty Of Vienna.
And really that treaty is now scarcely in any way
the obligatory public law Of Europe. There is,
however, no danger that Europe will be ruled by
the three Emperors as the frightened politicians OF
Germany pfophesy. These two great events con-
stitute an advsDce--an expansive evolution in Euro
pesn international law and diplomacy.
The Crimean war wound up with the Congress
Of Paris. This was Louis Napoleon's work. The
Peniarchy followed in the wake of the Holy ALI
ance; it expanded, into a Septarchy. Turkey rId
Sardinia came in. Little Sardinia was there on an
equal footing with the giants of the world Austria
looking hard at this innovation. Little Sardinia
came in as a constitutional State; and besides, she
represented Italian interests and the Italian ma
tional element, both of which had not only been
neglected by Europe, but their existence even had
been denied by some Cabinets and statesmen.
The right Of nationality was also thrustLy events
into the deliberations the great European Powers
This time ii was one of the most insignificant and
fec blest nationaites-one almost wholly blot,ed
out from the records of European history. But
combination of events aided the people of Moldavia
and Walacha. No legitimate prin ~ pleaded on
their behalf TIE Danuban Princpalities emerged
from the Russo.Turkish chaos, and received Eu-
ropean guaranty and conservation. Small as this
event IT, il constitutes precedent, it marks new
era. The Congress Of Paris limited the exclusive
internal rights of Soyereign-whom it recognized
ar legtimate-over certain inhabitants of his gen.
eral territories, and put them under the protection
of Christian public law. In the present Italian
complication, the inhabitants Of the Papat States
need to be put under The protection Of
Christian public lar.
Tie new Congress demanded by Sardinia will
comprise nearly all the European nations and Gov
ernmens. 1t will be an approach, however slight,
TO normal federation. If it does not prevent q
future war, it may circumscribe it's extent. Such
federation was longed for by the sentimental
Saint Pierre and Rousseau, az well as by the
me,aphysican Kant and the matter-of'fact phlloso-
pher Bentlam. If the Congress only patches up
the affairs Of Europe for a time, IT Will prevent
great evil and solve many complicated questions by
reason. and not by the sword-and this time, too,
in favor of the oppressed against the oppresscrs.
Should new war break out from the Italian com
plications Germany almost as one man, VIII side
with what is called treaties Legitimacy, and hercd-
itary or historic rights. In one word, Germany
and Prussia will enlist against Italy. Then war
will rage on the Tiber, the PO, the Rhine, and
probably on the Elbe or the Oder. humanity Will
win little, very little, by il. Such war Will not
overthrow, but strengthen thrones. And 1t will
unayodably end in Congress, whose final results
nay do no more for Italy than the Congress at
present convoked The smaller nationaites and
States will now be represented, surrounded by pow
eriul friends The WILL the opinions the interests
even, Of absolute sovereigns are modified by present
events. They will learn to submit to the delibera-
ton Of diplomacy in federation. The frequency of
Congresses will curb their selt-will and their appc-