New-York daily tribune., 1859-08-06


dy S,eoIo XIX, he demonstrates With iuvincible
argument and irreiragsbe proofs that j, is the anti
thesis Of reason of morals of civil and and political
Sberty ard of education; he shows that it was the
religion of the middle ages, and that hence in the
order ci thought of knowledge it is not the criterion
.ofru;h because science is the religion Of the intel
lsot tha is not the law of conscience in the sphere
Of seton and Of practice because brotherhood ia the
religion Of the heart; that it is not the law of prog
ress in the sphere Of civil institutions, because equal
ity the religion of civzstion that il is not the
focnt Of public law in the sphere of political relations
becaute liberty is the religion of politics. Ansonio
Frsnoh places the importance of sentiment in strong
relief in the applications Of his system; he shows that
psdagogi sm will give place to harmonious blending
OF the culture ofsentiment and Of reason. Hitherto
attention has been paid exclusively 10 the youthful
intellect while the heart has been entirely neglected
and be insists on the necessity of intermnghng the
relations between public instruction and family ties,
because 20. talent but love, is the most assiduous
Instructor Of senti nent not the masters science, but
the mothers heart.
Tie teclect of the manifestations Of sentiment in
history hrders us from forming clear idea OF pro-
yre.s g.. natural condition Of society, because 1t re-
suits rom the action and reaction OF the two functions
of ccguizaDoe, Sentiment and Reason; hence, the
historical formula ought to determine which OF the
two p,epcrderates in the various ePochs through
which humanity proceeds in its path toward per-
lection.
Tbs continent of Truth underles the basis Of the
Philosophy of knowledge, since 1t furnishes the hrst
subjective and objective conditions of knowledge
And if philosophy il not 10 become mere ldeology,
philosophers must CLEAN the process Of thought aud
Of idess from study Of nature and OF man. and thus
confirm the theory of knowledge by the reality OF
facts, ard not vice veTss
The theory Of Beauty ought to commence from the
po..vs study Of sentiment before it is possible to rise
20 the Ineligible sphere of ideas; what the sentiment
oftruth IS TO the philosophy of knowledge-the sen-
mert Of beauty lie to the philosophy of art aud more
for inspiration and enthusiasm emerge from sent-
ment.
The sentiment of good POUNDS the philosophy of
morals Il mpsrts to US, our first notion Of duty and OF
ustoe in the order of time. of extension. of certainty
and Of efficacy.
On the sentiment of the Infinite is based the phil
osopty of religion and of the absolute sentiment in
nate in ar the noblest prerogative of thought, rem
derpg atheism impossible. The knowledge OF the In
finite l. e. Of the absolute Of God, is anterior to all
p.yohologca reflection. Sentiment and not reason i'm
bues the conscience of humanity with the continual
progressiye revelation Of the Infinite. Religious in
spiration tends to translate it into symbol, which
,uper,titon reduces TO dogma. Sentiment and sym
bol are identified with region the Office of reason s
to separate them sentiment is immortal as humanity
itself symbol is frai and transient FORM hence the
successive muato of the religious SYMBOL accord
ing to the progress Of science.
He remarks that Religion and Philosophy are the
two supreme doctrines derived from the two functions
of ccguzance, sentiment and reason. The original
merit of Ansonio Franchi consists in having estab-
lsbed the relations of union and distinction. 1t true
that he arrives at similar conclusions with Hegel in
hi, Rlosofa della Reliyione; but he does 80 by fol-
lowing a method totally different from that of the
eminent German philosopher, who unfolds the abso-
lutte by means Of logic, nature, spirit.
The relation of union between philosophy and
religion says Franchi, resides in the identity OF the
principal object which is for both the absolute, the
Infinite the IDEAL God-and in the unity OF sentiment
which supplies reason with the fret fundamental
cocson thereof The relation of distinction consists
in the difference of the rational functions by which
the mind reflects on that object and transforms
that same sentimeut-whch for religion is the belief
which reduces the absolute to symbol and for
philosophy is the conception which reduces the abso-
lutte to theory.
CARLO CATTANEO.
CarIo Cattaneo one Of the vastest and most pow
erfu n.clects of which modern Italy can boast-hs-
torian political economist, now public Professor OF
Philosophy in Switzerland because exiled-snd ex-
lied because he organized the immortal victory of the
bsnese against the Austrans, in the March OF lSiS
published, in 1857, some excellent philosophical
c,nons (Ririsfa COntempOrGne0, col. ~, Sorrno'l
In his opinion phenomena ought not to be considered
in the light of simple appearances, but a. forces winch
manifest themselves forces in action That stone Is
not always falling is proofth is not awaysm the
act Of gravitatng toward the center oil the earth IL
moves with the earth at Its circumference ana
each performs with the EARTH aceran portion OF
its orbit Of 500 900 600 miles All phenomena ought to
be taken into account by the philosopher, because
each phenomenon is portion of law; the law con-
ssts in the consancy of the phenomena, and the law
known to reason by intuition is the idea. Hence, If
philosophy is to progress at the same rate as the other
sciences il must avail itself of them all-treasuring
their methods reducing their discoveries to aws-ior
az many laws as remain TO be known, So many ideas
are there to be collected, and of the value that
those laws are to the universe those ideas to the
intellect Excellent examples, he writes, may be
found of analysis in chemistry and in economy of
synthsss in geology, of classification in botany in
zoology; of deduction in geometry, OF induction ID
physics Of analogy in medicine, of application in me-
Charles and agriculture, of observation, and we may
almost say of sensation, reduced TO art in meteoroogy
Nor aye arguments and method all that philosophy
NAV gain from other sciences but also the solution OF
msny problems. Thus language, which Bonald Gio-
be,i and other detracors of human nature declare to
be revealed by God, philology demonstrates to be
simply human, only from languages can the origin Of
lsasuaoa h. ascer,ained. The fact of the perpetua