Richmond enquirer. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1815-1867, 1859-08-02

These will suffice to exemplify the obedience
she requires of her own citizens to her OWL
laws; and that which she yields from them 10
the laws Of foreign countries. The Description
of FOREIGN laws which she recognizes Us oihu-
inc her Citizens abroad, are those OF the crtm',
nnl co,nmereiaL %policiai, local and municipal
Kind Against these and the like She Is not
nationally bound to protect her citizens, at least
within the pale of civiilzatloh.
Rut against attempts Mt authority beyond
tho jurisdiction of these laws and the Ike, she
and every other European power claim the
right of
PROTECTION or CITIZENS.
Isl. They don't admit or allow OF any Po'Ht-
cal obligations Of their citizens toa Foreign
Sovereignty. They claim all these obligations
Of their own citizens as belonging to them
selves. And these they claim TO he ina!icnabie
and indies tructiblc too.
IL one Of their citizens is pressed into the
military serrict o. Il foreign Polcntatc, PRINCE
or Sovereign. they will interrosc 10 prc.ectand
release him. Why:
lst. Because, by the fcudal law mHitory scr-
ritt is due especially to his egg. s17ercigh; II is
due by hi- 0liegiaae," 10 his sovereignty az
h0ms.
End. His own Sovereignty may need his mil
i.ary services at home, whist le is pressed mi"
foreign service. And
3rd. lie might, against his will, he forced TO
serve tro a~aaStefs, he might be pressed t" serve
in war against his own Sovereign, and he com
pel!ed to incur the penalty OF death for ceScr-
ton on the one hand. or for treason on the
other. or he compelled 10 perpetrale double
treason.
2ndlv Because allegiance and protection are
correllativc obligations. &iHcgiancc is the pc
Wicai obligation Of the %SVhJsct, and pr9'ec't"a
Of the SDrc1tigH.
If the subject goes abroad ard roiaj.tari1Y
enlisis in n foreign service, thar may make it
optional with The sovereign whether to inter-
pose or NOT, or how far to relieve him. But
we arc dealing with compulsory cases, III order
10 extract = rule for that class Of cases. And
ondly. Prussia and European Powers all
deny the right Of repatriation, without the
consent of the Sovereign; and hold to the
maxim of "oncc 2 citizen, always a citizen,
and claim the obligations due to allegiance .or
life. They deny the right OF naturalization TO
renouI zee it without their consent. Therefore,
il wa. that Great Britain claimed, for example,
the right OF search" Of orr vessels, and the
| right Of Selling those Of their crews who were
nati, cs Of her realm; and il was upon that issue
| that the last war with her for Sailors Rights
was fought.
Such is the Old, the European system. The
New, or American, Is precisely the old, Crcrpt.
that ii rejects tie ho>t dogma against EIp"t-
| rtatiom and Standardization.
The United States Of America established
the new system and order Of Human Rights.
and upset the Niious dosma Of deSpotism ''once
= citizen, always 4 citizen.
Necessity, as well as policy and thr love OF
! freedom. compelled them to unfcttcr the people
| of the Old World born in chains, in order that
these Statcs' might be populated by q new
law of naturalization. In their Declaration Of
independence they complained Of the grievance
that the King of Great Britain had ''en8carored
TO prsOent the popplatio"et' these Statts-,t%r
"Nat 1,yrTosc o6str@ctihg tie lars fer Ms
"naturaA:aticn OF .,%oreignecx. REFUSING to
pass others e encourage their migration
"hither," DE-. And when independence was
achieved and tho Constitution was adopted,
one Of the frs, towers proclaimed and spc-
~citcally given to the Congress, was:
.irticle -. Section VII. Clause ltl:--'Thc
Congress SiaN have power 20 Establish " nHt-
/ Yorat rnic ~ HtfwrHiiEattm,.
The true idea of naturalization is, according
| to its legal as we'll as its genealogical sense,
when one who is IN alien is made . a%atnrat
"su1ject, bv act Of irr and consent Cf tie Socc-
.ysign po,ccy. of the State The consent Of
our sovereign power is written in the Consli-
tuition, and Congress has passed the acts OF
law. BY the leading Statutes of April 18th.
1902. ard May 10Th, 1924, modified 10y other
| statutes, when the alien GeciaTes his i0tcgtion
TO become a citizen Of the t.. States, nc IS re.
cu;rcd first. then, on oath, or affirmation. be-
fore the proper State or Federal Court. to re-
nouaec forever oN aliegi,ace aud .%ditetjty to
any foreign prince, potcntate, state or sove-
! reignty. whereof such alien may az my tine
be a c%iti-sa or ~Sgjject." Again: When he las
waited his probation through, and GrpiitS to
he aimj.,td 8 citizen Of the |. STATES, he Is
required u second time 10 take an OATH or make
affirmation, before the proper court, that he
doth ajsoiato|y and entirely rsooEhc6 and
:" abiprt al d{!egidnec and .hdeiiiH TO trery
I" foreign prince, potenLa,c, State or sovereignty
"rhatfcsr. and par::cuiaTiy, 6y name, the
prince. potcntatc. State or sovereignty trhere-
"of6tt6rc he nos u citi-ca or subject" He
is required to rcnounce, also, all hereditary
titles, and all orders of nobility. An tine main
exception to naturalization III our laws IS
Provided. that 10 alien who shall be q native.
% citizen, den;zcn. or subject Of any country,
State, or sovereignty. NTH 1hOni lie L. States
"sAalGe al rar az tdGtime 4t'his application,
"shall THEN be admitted TO be q citizen Of the
"U. States"
Thus by double oaths We require r~cnuncia.
ton of all allegiance and fidelity by an alien
to the country of which he vas native or sub.
icct. And We ''natar0ii.o' him our citizen.
He swears allegiance 10 the United States: and
renounces and abjures all allegiance to other
powers. and becomes ser RI termint. as if
native born in the United States, their coun-
try is his country, their flag is his flag. lie is
/ born anew TO Liberty, not iiguratiyely rs in
| the spiritual kingdom OF grace, but by the
adoption Of naturalization he is made in
fact rs if "agtirt," 'o"e ~ U.s." What the
aatitct owe 10 the United States. the natu-
raiized owe 10 them; and what the United
States 10 the %natirts, they owe to the natu-
! understanding more and nothing less. To
ascertain, then, what they owe TO their native,
| is 10 ascertain what they owe 20 the natural
lied citizens and subjects. What protection
do they owe to their natitt citizens a5roni?
Just at this time the United States have an
| unusual number oEnative citizens in Europe
| They have gone for travel, trade, and To look
! upon the desolations OF the wars of despotism,
while their own blessed country is smiling in
| peace and plenty, without a sigh except for
italy and the European millions nho are
| blceding M chaiha .,0r chaiHs! If our
travelling natives go TO Calais in France
they must beware Of violating the criini-
nal code, and avoid violating the local
laws declaring offences ""oht al Sc" or
"moa prohibita"-all misdcmcanors, %fclonies-
or other crimes: they must also pay, for exam
pie, all wharfage dues Of landing, and submit to
examination Of baggage. and pay customs. and
observe ali commercial regulations; they must
be cautious when they get to Paris to observe
the local police laws; they must submit, in one
word, to all the iocoi, criminal, commercial
political. municipot avs and ordinances. If