Civilian & telegraph. [volume] (Cumberland, Md.) 1859-1875, 1859-09-15
CLEANSING GRANARIEs.

needed TO strengthen anu increase thc
product.
CLEANSING GRANARIEs.
It is absolutely essential before stow
ing away the grain that has been har-
vested and thrcshed during the present
season, that the granaries should be rem
dered thoroughly free OF the weevil and
other insects. There are several modes
of accomplishing this desirable result,
but either of the two following will be
found efficient. The first is Mr. Car
michaels method it is very simple and
inexpensive, and is as follows:
."Place on the floor of the granary to
be cleansod, small bed of sand, and
upon that sand an earthcn pan contain
ing powdered birthstone. Set fire to the
birthstone, and close tightly the win
dows, doors, aud all other openings.
The smoke of the birthstone will pene-
trate every nook and Granny of the gra-
nary, and when the wheat is subsequent
" placed there, you need fear neither
black weevil nor any other insect that is
injurious to the grain
The second method runs thus:
Thoroughly sweep all portions of the
interior of the grauary, gather up the
dust and burn it. After this is done,
wash the whole interior With strong ley,
and complete your work by giving the
walls, floors, ceilings, SC, good coat
of whjiewash, followed by second coat,
II inc work has been impcrfcctIy done.
MIXTURE FOR STOCK.
Mix equal parts of mild oyster shell
lime with salt and ashes finely sited,
and give one ounce of the mixture to
each hea of stock, two or three times a
week.
SALT For SHEEP.
See that your Sheep get salt regular
ly two or three times week or keep
rock salt in sheltered places, where they
can always resort to it.
CELLARS AND OUT HOUSES.
Clean out and carefully whitc-wash
these useful places.
YARDS FOR CATTLE AND PIGS.
See that these yards are well supplied
with materials for making manure, and
strew plaster over them occasionally, to
preserve the ammonia.
FENCES.
Look to the condition of your Fences,
and replace week rails and repair all
damages generally.
DITCHING AND DRAINING.
Ifthere are bitches to be dug, or drains
to be opened, make your arrange
ments in time for commencing work al
the first leisure moment. All wet lands
imperatively require to be ditched and
drained, before they can be made to pro-
duca good crops.
GATHERING FODDER.
Cut and gather in good season your
tops and blades, The provender may
be rough, but experience proves that it
contains much nutritious matter, and it is
COW STABLES AND SHEDS
If there is not on the farm q sufficient
abundance of warm shelter for the stock,
against the inclemency of our winters,
lose no time in providing such stables
and as are necessary; a warm winter
shelter for stock is equivalent to double
feeding.
a wise economy to husbands the finer
grasses for spring feeding, when horses
arc again called to heavy labor, and their
strength requires to be amply supported
by the best Of food.
According to the careful experiments
of an eminent French chemist, the rel
alive heating values of equal bulks or
cords of several American woods, are
expressed as follows:
"Shell-bark hickory being taken as
the highest standard, 100 +; pig-nut hick-
oily, 95; white oak, 81; white-ash, II
lockwood, IS; scrub-oak, 70; white haz-
Ell, y; apple-tree, 70; red oak, 60; white
beech, 65; black walnut 65; black birch,
81; yellow oak, 60; hard maple, SO; white
elm, 5S; red cedar, Sc; wild cherry, So:
yellow pine, "a; ohscnut, so; yellow pop
lar, So; buttcrnut, 81; white birch, IS !;
white pine, As. Some woods are softer
and lighter than others the harder and
heavier having their libres more densely
packed together. But the same species
of wood may vary in density, according
to the condition of its growth. Those
woods which grow in forests, or in rich
wet grounds, arc less consolidated than
such as stand in open fields, or grow
slowly upon dry barren, soils. There
are two stages in the burning of wood -
in the first, heat comes chiefly from fame:
in the second, from red-hot Goals Soft
woods are much more active in the first
stage than hard, and hard woods more
active in the second stage than soft -
The soft woods burn with a voluminous
fame, and leave but little coal; while
the hard woods produce less flame, and
yield larger mass of coal.