New-York daily tribune., 1859-01-01


to do
While Mexico ia thus, for the time being, torn
into fragments, Central America, after having
formerly undergone that operation. tends no"
.trously to reunion. il Dot reconciliation. Toe
ipbabitant, of that country have learned much IRON
recent events. The cultivation Of O. Zee, and the
facilities of transportation furnished BY the Panama
Railroad ar its connecting steamers are fast de-
yelopipg agricul ural industry aud the Central
Americans seem at the present moment to require
nothing of outsiders except to let them alone. Inc
nrospect indeed i. that the integrity of their ter
ritory. and the neutrality OF the transit across ~
will speedily be placed under the joint gu rsnty
Of Great Britain France and the United States.
OF the South American States, Venezuela h"
experienced during the year blo'dless revolution
The civil war in Peru--a chronic af1cton IN thi'
country as we'll as In Mexico mas been tempo
r,,, terminated, folio wed, however. by war
with the neghboring Republic of Ecuador. Chli,
hitherto the most steady and prosperous Of the Span
sh.American States has been, during the psst
year. and still is, the scene Of asitatons which
seem TO ,bre aten the stability Of the Government.
In the British possessions to the rorth of us, the
only event Of much note bas been the organization
of the new province of British Columbia, which
nay, or which may not, become rival OF our Cau-
fornis.
In Great Britain itself, early in the year,
a new Ministry assumed the helm, Tory BY name,
yet for all pfsctcal purposes quite as hberaly dis
posed. to say the least, as the Wng Ministry which
it ousted Tue question of Parliamentary reform
postponed by the Crmean war, has been revived
and promises to form for the year to come the
leading topic of political interest
Neither the breakdown of Lord Palmerston's
Ministry on bill Intended to shield the person OF
Napoleon III. from attempts at assassination, nor
the refusal of London jury TO convict Bernsrd, ia
,pite of clear proofs of completely in the opera
house explosion, has disturbed the entente eord'at'
between the French and British Governments.
The tyrant of France-we use the word tyrant
in the Greek ser Sc cannot afford to quarrel
with England, and the English aristocracy, landed
and mercantile (whatevcr may be the feeling OF the
English ms sses) are lot disposed to quarrel with
him. He has, therefore, been content to respond
to the attempt upon his life and to the indifference
or hatred of the intelligent and cultivated classes OF
the French nation, BY new attacks on the liberty OF
the press, which, 1t is to be feared. may soon BE-
reduced to as prsstrate position a, during the
reign of the first Nepoleon.
In Germany, the hopes of the Liberals nave oeen
revived by the changes of men and measures con-
sequent on the Prussi4n Regency. Even iu Italy
there are signs that the King of Sardinia may again
stand forward to contest the rule of that country
with Austria.
Ia Russia, the Emperor still manfuly perseveres
in his great and msgnanimOus plan for the enfran-
chisement OF the serfs. He has taken one impor-
tan step in it by himself enfranchlsing the 700 600
peasants of the appansges and placing them on the
same level with the already enfranchised peasants
of the Crown.
Turkey has continued during the year the scene
of Outbursts of Nohammedan fanatcism, which
prove the reluctance of that part of tho population
to submit to the equality of creeds before the lave
which the Sultan has decreed The first railroad
in Turkey, extending some sixty miles from Smyrna
into the Interior has been commenced, and is being
diligently pushed toward completion.
Though the war in India against the revolted
Sepoys is not yet finished, the supremacy of the
English, which at the beginning of the year still
remained doubtful point, may be now considered
as thoroughly reestablished. ASS consequence OF
this war, the East India Company has been strip
ped of all its poltica-indeed Of all authority and
reduced to the nsiguifcance of the South Sea
House. The government of India is now vested
exclusively in the Crown being directed in En-
gland by q removable Minister, assisted by perma-
nent Council made up of persons supposed to have
special knowledge Of Indian affairs. The native
Indian army still remains to be reOrganized--sn
important and difficult matter.
The cooperating French and English forces In
China commenced the year by taking military pos
session of Canton. Aftorrard they proceeded to
the Guf of Pe-chee-lee and having forced their way
to Tion t,in, obtained from the Emperor, az did
also Russia aud the United States, Treaties grant
ing large extension to the rights Of trade and
intercourse hitherto enjoyed by foreigners. The
recent changes in the bed Of the Yellow River-an
accident of sort to which tina. furious stream is
greatly subject-and the consequent damage to the
Great Canal, forcing Pekin TO depend on the
coastiDg trade for supply Of provisions had, if Is
supposed, no small influence upon the deterlica-
ton Of the Chinese Emperor. In consequence OF
this treaty, the blockade Of Canton has been
raised and trade renewed but the city is still held
by the allies as pledge for the payment Of the
stipulated indemnites, which are to come ou. of
tie treasury of the Canton Province.
Japan, too, by new treaties with the United