The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1859-06-19
THE THEATRE OF WAR.

surIoun led by high mountaushes almost the shape oil
an ess OF eighty esgues long by sixty wide. Tho river
which through the midst OF tina, basin on its
two banks numerous tributaries several very
and are so many transverse obstacles for
From France IL is possible 10 penetrate into that
basin by six different roads, by tho great road OF
nscks OF Argeptiere aud OF Tende, by tho road
OF Cornche, which goes along the Gulf OF Genoa, and
in the psps of PIEDMONT and finally by sea- landing al
Genoa and crossing Afterwards the neck OF the Boccheta
which deboucnes NoS into the pain of AlessandriA
Iy the central OF the railroad works Of the
Alps is at forty leagues from 81 John OF Maurienne where
tho railway ends at thirty from Grenobe and eighty
from Toulon. From Sc. John TO Susa through Mount
Cens, there are four osoue marches Towards the end
OF April that road IL Often Dlooksded by the
avalancbes descending from the mountain peaks
From Grenobe TO Susa, via Briancon, across Mount
GenevIe, there are six marches still toisoms tran
by Mouot Cents The crossing OF the mountaios by the
maritime Alps and the Apenlipes Conf pfese1t3 less
difficulties, but requires time thsa by this othsr
points From roulon to Genoa, by sea- journey may
for the embaIkati ana the troops
TO be taken into account Genoa Conf and Susa
necied 9th the central nstsorS Of the Psimoaese rail-
ROADS; that network has not yet single braoca com
muricaiion with the Lomb irdo Venstian railroads
Austria, to transport her troops to tao
way from Vienna TO Milan, passing through Graz. Lay
bach, trieste, Venisii, Verona aud Btesoa lraa u
troops runs over that Ire OF $50 leagues in aboa, rs
hours.
There are besides several other gooi ordinary 70 lds
ascending at fret the basin Of the Danube high
lies OF brave, OF Tue Mupr the
scend by the sources OF the Pane, IN, Beuia aud tbs
Fisach, IN the valley OF the Adse which is tbs ,t in.
portAnt strategic front Of the theatre OF the Iay
Ali those roads which allow Of the RAPID leading oil
army into the midst OF the paius OF Italy did
not appear sufficient to the Austrian government they
have thought necessary open through Inc noun
tans o. the Tyrol communicating side With those
OF tho valleys OF the Inn the Saza and Dave and
de6ouchng on the other side by the upper valley the
Ade into that OF the AIDA in the ducay Of Man which
forms the most forward part of the Austrian
Works OF the greatest difficulty have mpescd the
Austrian government in the building OF road which
IN the eyes q many military men, possesses very hgh
strategic importance rns road, which mas taken IN,
name from the Stevio over which passes respect
OF elevation without rival in the world. II leaves
the upper valley Of the Adge ut Prad 10 descend
the Aoda after having crossed the Alps height OF
S,lCO feet above the level OF tho say a.
more than 500 feet above the limit Of nox IT.
slopes are at high grade the adopted has RS
qued many bridges and several fubtsrr
is AZ Tunes curve OF 80 steep slope Sad short
radius that creates dizziness aud many travelers
refuse to descend it in carriages Inc excessive diicu
guarantee Of security for the defence OF territory for
viii always be easy to cat that road AMI prevent
access by 1t OF an invading army.
The stevi0 road has been completed some twenty years
and experience proved that high very often
interrupted By the irregularities OF the seasons.
TO obviac that Inconvenience the Austrian military
authorities, which vssy great importance TO toe
preservation Of road in that direction sni al ways 10
have communication have opened ancther ro:I a
little more south ward Mount Tonac by the valley
OF the Nos "a Small tributary OF the Aige by
the Oglo 70 join the Magstrh road from Lombardy to
Bergame, half way from Milan TO Brescia. Less high
than the Stelvo, Mount ronae not ling
high From that pcrsisercy open dirsc; sau
one may Judge OF the importance which Austria attaches
TO reach that city without being forced TO pass nroush
countries in insurfectioo. The roa1 Of A1ln, ruae
commenced IN 1850, is scarcely yet fcished.
Toe railroads, the ;orsructoa Of subsequent
70 that OF most oil the routes Of when We nave just
spoken, have also been traced with strategic aim in
view The first object hiss been to connsct Vlenoa
the defensive front Of the Adige, Of waich Verona IS
the pivot Then, from that pivot, braneaes have
been ex ended toxarda Niian and B,,zso 10 con
Al T.rt-p
Osher branches Will ESQ soon connect tiDae mrn
railroads with the secondary States OF lay. Pied
been allowed to connect ts railroads With those Of Lon
baEdy Bat deslIous OF putting END any
femoteuess 10 which the email network Of rdrn Novara
Alessundria and Geno. was left, Piedmont has been
Obliged TO attempt the percng OF Mount Cens, gigantic
work. The succtss OF WINCH ID hoped 10. ae ncnar OF ia
man genius
The railways may certainly play very import.u, role
IN The gu sompinatons OF tnS war; shoaiI "
Cse sight OF TIE fact that tao std
eeat OF the war, win very often have bu, se nporaoce
10 military pant OF veG. For nstsa:s If on the 24,h
Of Aii, the Day the famous uitua. We IN me
Small Pedmontese army alone ia t1e presence
Of the Austrian mssses General Gy Ia ggorous
orepsive measures II Is pretty certain PIE
tese railroad neAworks would have been entirely dis
organized before the arrival of the frencD aad wha.
would have been still worse, ths. the in )atese de
feated Snd repusei III tie numerous
they have possession would Shere uu sro,g
enough 70 protect the arrival! OF their AHA
Then .he heads d the French colunos w deac ldin
from the Alps aud failing in with Austrian muses.
would probably have bad much 10 susr. But tns rail-
Toaoe placed the very ieat Of may great
the other han ne m n rode
exeHomg the line OF opet au,ps to yards
the centre OF the Of the army Us the railroad
from Verona 70 Vienna for The Ans,rians) eways have
oecsive importance. For Instance sa1uii the allies
succeed ia promptly repussng the IS far as tha
Adise there, for long time, their saccsss would bs
cherhed aGd the rsiiwsY correcting that the
centre q TIC AssLsn empire would powerfully aid IA
psolopeog the resistance en- thai J ne Alt that
advantage would be 30 much tne more IA
vo'able 10 the Austrian army, tie Ffeucu army
could not make use OF etean to cary lts troops
and war material from Genoa to Verona 1t is true
that, with the aid OF her navy France m'shl thro~
strong landing force point OF tue cosst OF ,s
Adriatc but such diversion could only take pi,c BY
using power fu means abd wh the silent edged
consent OF England Railways are then srleg cal sad
not tactical roads Strategy applies TO OPERATORS no. 10
sight Of the enemy iaccs TO operations oresen 81
Strategy leads aries upon the decisive polas Of the
OF operations prepares the chances of bnue, icu
ences IN advance s resuts the part OF tactics
Dse htd and united WITH courage, genius fortune,
Wills ire nsht.-ED. BEGAIDl
Ihe seat OF war, between fdrin AMI verpna s loogi
tudbsiy cut by the 70 aud By srsaI M
Der OF lts ributtries which desceadpg ffO n tne m ,n
fains ano crossing the lakes all the CD ,er of tar
rents aud produce periodical iound Aous uc:.soaeJ oy
s ho a1d ~ nr e suoS which generay tlks pAcs a.
first warmth ID felt, and also tosuds , NJ spn
mer, during the great heats
Those trauversa rivera. during the paYi,3s n. b-h
water, which, however. as out dnyy ODER ra, on
saclcs 10 army obliged 20 tnsm IN ,resenc ~
Abe enemy but once back 10 their beds hey so) oul,
present rocky ravnes almost every where iortase oa
ay very Indifferent lines o. defence Experience his sya
ebown that all those who have tried 70 trans
verse rivers 10 stop enemy deter mined ia, o.
fensive have generally met with i'll SUCCESS.
From all the streams descending from the Alps .o1aris
he Pc, or the Adriatic thu A5ss aio1e has
real military importance. Verona which Ia tue pom,
towards which all the great valleys OF the Horic Carnic
1no Julian Alps descend, s the decisive strategic pint,
az That point that the Anstrans have established az
S1'seocned camp, which be usei veil Tor ISIS
~ ope,a.on ID Gaze OF war in Lonbardy for place
she passes Of the ryrol " 49, e''N
Inc oeneht that Gin 1880 General Bonap,s,e va, abe
49, no Tue run OF TIE fotdcations of Veeoai ast
s.no nS nsets which took place bt#eea "a,
OF the Austrian Officers to the sau.ye inc,naod ,o,a.
xne two ABOVE named rivers the Lake of Gsroa An, too
TO- ana - IN That square that they haze erec,sd the
great defensive system which to m.rk the tsrmn
LOU o. ue Lco Oh any army desiring 10 invade Toablr
Cy IL Is there that they have accumulated ali taer -
all the means thai science has suyscscd Il i, on
them, that they probably will try 70 500 the sns
should be obtain great success the opening Of the cam,
pagn. " ' '""
The hnco, from Lake Garda TO the rrrsb,a
OF kab'ea 10 only ten leagues long: ami n
Ii between these two obstacles that the froat NJ
operation Of the invading armies Is limited Tho MIpcio