The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1859-10-16

The other Office bearers then re elected aud the
proceedings closed with cordial vote Of thanks TO the
Commercial Contest Between Russia and
England I'm Chlea.aa
SPEECH OF SIR JOHN BOwRNG ON THE RUSSIAN
TRADE. iH Af apl
At tho meeting Of tho British Association for the Ad.
vancement OF Science in Aberdeen on the 10th Of Sept,
in the Section Of Geography and Ehnoogy, Mr. T. Mitch
ell read paper on tho Russian trade in Central Asia
Sir John Bowrrg observed that as this paper had partly
reference to country with which VIC had beeen assooi
ted for ten or eleven years. he would make observa
icn or two on the Russian trade with China That trade
was now about TO undergo great change II had -four
sed far any trade could flourish under the baneful
influence Of monopoly. Whether from commercial, po-
tica other motives, he did not know but In view Of
the great prospective change alluded TO- It perhaps
not undesirable that the British merchant should autci
pate the state OF things which was coming in
quence OF the late treaties which Russia had ado with
China. II should be made known that Russia formerly
having monopoly Of the inland trade with China,
was not permitted to carry with
what were called the five treaty ports opened
to British rade by Sir II. Pottnger Their trade
was confined % single localtysn the northwestern
hands of certain monoposs who enjoyed special prvi
oees from the Russian governmentcnormously TO tha
mark that he (Sr John Bowrng) found that RI ssian
manufactures had made their way peculiarly in China
sh woolcns in which he found there considerable
sale for the woolcns OF Muscovy The cost of woolens
Russia imposing duties some Of them very elevated How
then was the effect stated producedy BY extraordi-
nary ukase Of the Russian Emperor who absolutely
prohibited the sale Of Russian goods for Chinese
money! the purchase Of Chinese goods in silver the
only instrument Of exchange in China Thus the whole
trade carried by system Of barter Therefore, all
that the monopoit had TO take OF get cnor
nous price for goods introduced by this vexa-
ous overland communication Russia further protected
herself by the prohibition Of cheaper goods from China
Scabone tea was absolutely prohibited in Russia 1t had
been stated that the tea drunk in Russia much supe
Iior 10 hat used in England the simple fact, however,
that the Russians paid about treble much for tea
CHM the British paid Some years ago in the province
Of Ioke which produced the finest teas he got not only
samples but the prices ut which the contracts enter
cd into For from 80 To 40 taes Ia tael Is ounce OF
sverD teke or 133 3D. b. Of tea could be bought, for
this quantity the Russians paid 100 taes Tie reasons
obviousthe tea had 10 he transmitted overland
several thousand miles, and observed before in order
to enable the Russians 20 keep the high price for
features IN China was necessary To put enormously high
prices goods coming from thence; hence that which
could be bought in England for about Is S.. per b.
That these facts might excite the attention nj
his imperial Majesty, and also the question viii ,h
had been often mooted in Russia, namely that tea
veycd overland lost none Of the qualities that recon-
mended H. while scabone necessarily some Of its
qualities he (sr John Bcwring) made suggestion
years ago of this characterhat purchase should be
made in the locality which produced this excellent tea
that half of il should be sent overland through the
noposs giving them all the advantages they possessed
from monopoly and that the other half should be carried
by British ships by which the results to the effects of
the different modes would be establshcdwhat the tea
cost which was brought by and by land and what the
period in which the tea could be delivered after going
from port port and what the time occupied by the ca
IL
anything Of its excellent and sanitary qualities by con-
veyance by He believed that the result would have
been that the would have lost nothing excellent
qualities but that the delay-an immense delay-of land
carriage would be prevented, and thathe Russian
would have the privilege Of drinking for about
third Of the present cost In fact, there English
houses disposed TO deliver the Russia at Is Ss
per h., which in s. Petersburg and Moscow 20s
per Id. The Russians however, with admirable sagacty
were using the elements which had been presented to
them in China with foresight and anticipation Of future
benefits OF which by and by there would be the de.
mil I'm sntnr of
they had obtained possession OF vast tracts ia Chinese
Tariary AMI the time at hand when would have to
anticipate the position Of Russia. Russia pre-
sent was excluded from the Atlantic and the Pacific
by the Dardanclles Bosphorus and the Belt It was
impossible that Russia could make her way there unless
on amcable terms with Turkey and with the maritime
Powers. And descending from the Baltic the winter
came on and compelled the return OF her ships that
they could not go long voyages and could only remain AT
sea for few months until their seas closed in
by frosts. But now a state of things going
though he had no doubt that matters would be-
overruled that the progress OF Russia would found
advantageous TO British interests But it no less
that we must not lose sight Of what going Il was
no less true that Russia had found outlet for her fleets
into the Great Southern and that she possessed
the Western Indian region some Of the most remarkable
and most secure harbors in the world 1t quite true
that Russia passing down that remarkable river, the
AMOR towards the south. where large cities being
established and considerable commerce sprli ng up and
here. he would venture 70 say, far promising
object for Russia than Turkey lie had wish to
enter into the political bearings of the subject, but in Con
sainopc, he might say the views Of Russia might be
checked. She was surrounded there by the representa-
tyes OF great and Jealous nations and whatever her plans
and purposes might be they would be thwartei by
greater power and greater sagaety than her Bot
as regarded the action of Russia upon China he did
not see what was to stop her course Already
large cities existed on the Amoor with thousands
and thousands Of armed there, aud hundreds and
hundreds of Settlers encouraged by the government
drawn stewards the sum- from the less hosptabe eli
of Siberia down the attractive region Of the owery
Land We should hare to inert Russia there. When he
in China the prohibition and Jealousy of Russia were
srcrg Several traders arrived under tho Russian flag,
and hoped they would be able land their cersoes
though the Chinese were very willing TO admit the cagoe
the Germans the Danes the Swedcs the Belgans, and
traders Of other countries not having treaties said Ia tho
Russians ssYou shall not come You have the privilege
Of nonopolising the trade" Now however,
Russia in the field; but he of opinion that with
the knowledge we should soon acquire Russia wond have
no chance Of competing with England in the Chinese
Ee In the woolien market for instance, he did not be
cve the woolcns Of Russia could stand for hour against
the competition of British goods When the Russian
chants should say, You TO pay for these in the
rcncy o the country; consequence would be that the
be that the Russian consumer would get tea much low
terms. and the Chinese consumer would get Russian
commodities at a much lower rate.
OPINION IN HAMBURG ON THE CHINA WAR.
Hamburg Gept. l9) correspondence OF London Post
While here, IN the rest Of Ger many, all inter
ested in the proceedings at Frankfort il NAV easily be
imagined that in this a place Of considerable com
meIca Importance the late intelligence from China has
likewise created great sensations and the most intense
anxiety Is felt to the which will be followed by
the British government 10 obtain redress from the Chi
nnd to nict chas,iscment them the outrage
which has been committed on the Peho Mercantile
men here do rot forget the most LIBERAL stpula,ons
which on former occasion made nv Great
Britain for opening the trade Of China 10 All nations
while she might have had il in Der power insist upo1
peculiar prvilcgcs for her own commerce. and tbay
trust that no jealousy will now be allowed to interfere
for TIC purpose Of deprving England OF that which she
had previously so disinerestcdy procured for others
On this subject however il must be remarked that there
is room for apprehension when II seen that the present
tine is selected for the departure Of Count MonrayjeT
AmoursM On another mission from the government of
Russia to that Of China more particularly when that is
taken III connection with the powerful Russian squadron
now ID the Chinese seas, and with the recent depar-
lure OF another for the game destination, which Is
still further increased by the fact now well known,
that every Russian ship Of war which has latterly
proceeded TO that quarter has had on board engines,
machinery and armament FOR another OF the same
INSCRIPTION, by which the Russian force there will actually
be double hs apparent strength the vessels
winch are building the Amoor shall he ready TO receive
on beard those supplies that have been thus sent from
Europe as these alone wanted 10 render these ships
III for any warlke service in which might suit the Rus
sian government to have them employed There 10 100