Oxford Democrat. [volume] (Paris, Me.) 1833-1933, 1859-05-20
The Causes of the War.

'"
Austria. besides possessing largo do
main In Germany, also holds the Tyrol'
Bohemia, Hungary, large slice OF what
was once the Kingdom Of Poland. the coun'
tries which line the north and eas, OF the
Adria,ic Sea. (iown TO the extremity OF
Dalma,ia.) a. wclla large portion OF the
north Of Italy. consisting OF Lombardy'
which 4. divided into two governments,
Milan on the. west. and Venice on the
east. These Italian territories covering
about IL, 900 square miles, and containing
about 4 SOC, 900 inhabitants. were secured
to Austria. first by the Treaty OF 1914, on
the overthrow Of the elder Napoleon, and
subsequently, In 1915 after his exile to st.
Helena. Large us this Austrian Italian
province il. the Kingdom Of Sardinia. which
adjoins 1, and partly lorms It's north'wes-
tern boundary, is much more considerable,
for II cover, nearly $4,000 square miles,
and has a population exceeding 1000. 1000
Tho Au.trians and tho Italians have never
as.imilatei. treaty or no treaty, nor Is It
likely that they ever will or can. The con.
sequence !. ,ha, Austrian Italy is ALMOST
perpctually making Austria very uneasy.
To keep the exci,able Italians in check. an
immense military force is scattered all over
Lomhardy, and these soldiers are most cor.
daily hated by the inhabitants Of the coun.
try.
The an,iPa,hy Of the Italian to the Aus.
TRAN !, Deadly hatred only appcascd
when Il kills-and should an Italian meet
an Austrian out upon tho mountains, with
no human locker on. the chance - that the
German would speedily take leave Of time.
For the Italian cannon help regarding the
Austrian rs an enemy and ppprc~or who
ough, to he swept away from OF tho face
Of the earth. American. who have travel
ed in Italy have noticed the cause Of this
hatred. The Austrian soldiers from the
General TO the drummer, perpciually in.
dulgc In the most veIa,ious tyranny, when
ever they can exercise il. They are vii.
ling instruments in the hand Of capriciou'
misrulc. They seem to delight in annoying
the natives whenever they have n chance.
In ,hi. they are encouraged by their 81.
psrior'. They uphold with their bayoneis.
the dreidful system Of espionage. secret
false information, arrest, imprisonment,
torture, execution
Agains, this hard rule the Lombard. and
veGetmns have long chAfcd. They even
conspired, bu, nothing came Of that. Tho
Carbonari always had the misfortune TO DO
betrayed by spies, and the Aus,rians ever
kept them down, in tho Dungeon, by exile,
or on the scanold. ~ last came 1873
the grca, year Of European Revolution
in which Louis Philippe had to fly for his
life and Louis Napoleon, emerging FROM
comparative obscurity in England, went TO
Paris the accepted Chief of the new Repub.
lie. Swiftly spread the flame OF Revolution
There were successful revolt. in Sicily, Ma.
ples. Tuscany. Parma, and Rome. Then
the Austrian provinces in Lombardy de.
mapdcd reforms, which Mc,tcrnich refused.
On this. the late Charlie, Albert. KiHg OF
Sardinia. threw an army Of suecor into
Venice. lycn,ually he was beaten by the
Austrians under Radetsky, and tin lSi9)
had 10 abdica,c and resign his throne to
hi. eldest son the present Victor Emanuel,
King Of Sardinia.
With Charles Albcr, declined for tune,
the Ambii iou. bopc Of uniting Lomhardy
to Sardinia. and making an independent
sovereignty Of thc,wo-involying, OF course
the banishment ofthe Aus,rians IRON Italy.
In the Crimean War. good help was render
ed to the Allies by Victor Emanuel and
Sardinia began TO acquire caste aud char
ac,er as second rate Powcr-the FIVE
Grea, Powers being England, France, Rus.
sia. Austria. and Prussia. Ever since. the
ties Of ami,y between France and Sardinia
have been drawn closer and stronger to.
gether. At the beginning Of the year.
LOUIS Napoleon angrily notified Austria
Of his dissatisfaction with her hard rule in
Lombardy. AZ the same time, Sardinia
publicly notiheda sort Of intention to in.
terfcrc, against Austria, IN Lombardy
Prepa ra,ions Of war have since been abund.
an,ly made by Austria, on the offensive,
and by Sardinia on the defensive.
The foregoing is a complete view OF the
relations Of the various governments, (Aus.
tria, Italy, France and the entire cause.
Of the present disturbed state OF feeling, a,
history rW record II; but it is urged that
there are other reasons for the difficulty.
Two Of these powers, France and Austria,
are in condition Of bankruptcy war
gives the latter opportunity TO refuse the
payment OF interest upon the National
Debt, will il furnishes the former with a
plea for a loan. The urgent need Of France
pccuuiarily, is exhibited when We observe
that tho Emperor does not wait the first
blow, but with only tho notes Of prepare
ton sounding in his ear the would.be Ma.
poleon is found in the market asking for
one hundred million dollars. What the
result, will be !, is impossible to even sur
misc. The strife may be confined to the
powers now engaged, 1t may end in gen.
eral European warm fact we can badly
see how the latter is to be avoided. AZ
all events, our duty is to keep clear Of en-
tangling alliences-if Europe must fight let
II 10 mr. pri,iIe,e IN snbnly the nations