The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1859-10-18

The state or Italy and the Peace Of Eu-
rOpe-The Italians to Settle the Cues
tion OF the Pope.
While the treaty Of peace between France,
Sardinia and Austria is said 10 be on the eve
of being signed at Zurich, all three Of these
nations are increasing their preparations for
war.
The cause Of this singular anomaly is, no
doubt, the present condition of the Italian PEN
insula. There the fires Of revolution are
burning flercely but with still, smothered
flames. The duchies insist upon being united
with Piedmont and Lombardy, and forming
strong northern kingdom, imbued with the
spirit Of Italian nationality. Victor Emanuel
has sent q circular to the other European gov
ernments setting forth the necessity Of Great
ing such kingdom In order to keep in check
the domineering tendencies Of Austria. Gen.
Fanti, the COMMANDMENT Chief of the Central
League, promises that The cross Of savoy shall
lead the tricolor of Italy to fresh battles
against the stranger. Garibaldi calls the
Italians of the Roman Legations to arms.
The Pope looks for war, and contemplates
another journey to Gaeta. Naples is disturbed
by revolutionary symptoms, and Palermo is in
ferment. Such condition of things, on the
close of foreign war, looks very much like
the approach Of domestic commotion.
1t is no doubt in view of such contingency
that the three late belligerents are arming.
They are all preparing to keep the fires of the
volcano within the limits Of Italy. France and
Sardinia, too, are no doubt prepared to pre-
vent Austrian interference in Italian affairs.
They are disposed to let the people fight out
their question with the Pope and their quarrel
with King Ferdinand of Naples. The temporal
power of the Papacy has long been hated by
the people OF Central Italy, and has at the
same time formed one Of the most troublesome
questions for the other Powers. No one of
them can interfere with it without awakening
jealousy on the part Of others, and whenever
the people have undertaken to settle it,
Austria, or France, or Spain, was always
ready to sustain his Holiness. Thus the ques-
ton has dragged along till it has become the
bane of Italy and the thorn Of Europe.
The principle proclaimed by Louis Napoleon,
some time before the war with Austria broke
out, that governments should be founded on
satisfied nationalities, hasa pertinent applica-
ton to Italy, and is, no doubt, to be left to
settle the question of the temporal sovereignty
Of the Pope. AS temporal power the Pope is
just as amenable to his people as any other sove-
reign. The dissatisfied population of the Roman
States can throw of his civil rule without af-
fecting in any way his position as the head of the
Church, and in SO doing they do not affect his
relations to the other sovereigns as these would
be affected if foreign power were to reduce
him to a condition Of civil tutelage. IF the
French and Sardinians keep The Austrians out
Of Italy, the popular fires there will soon burn
it free from many old abuses. Whether the
Gordon of bayonets across the northern portion
of that peninsula can keep the contagion of the
example of satisfied nationality out of the
rest Of Europe, is q question that time only can
settle. If the revolution is left to work itself
out there, as now seems probable, something
more than bayonets may be required to keep
ideas in quarantine.