The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1859-07-26


and schmidt's History OF Germany1
The subsection Of the Romans, both clergy and lay TO
Charemagne we'll before after he bore the imps-
rial name, Is well established He regulated the division
Of tthes into three parts, for the bishop and his
clergy second for the poor and third for the support
of the fabric Of the church "A seal was put to his glory
when Pope Leo ILL.,, In the name Of the Roman people,
placed upon his head the imperial He well
father Pepn had borne the title OF King Of tho Franks
and Lombards, the title Of PAtrcian Of Rome, with q
regular sovereignty over IT, But the title OF Emperor
placed his authority all his subjects new footing
The ceremony took place at Rome, on Christmas day,
AID. SC0 and he Gro Sned with the iron crown of
Lombardy (now in the fortress OF Mansua) "Emperor
the West" and King Of Italy, Germany and France
Thus revived the person Of charlemagne the Em
pre Of the West and the Pope separating from the East
ern Empire, became supreme bishop Of the Western.
While Charlemague aided the church instrument of
civilization, he did much to reform it's abuses and he
may be regarded the first Of the Reformefs In the
year Of his death there instruction against the
Pope In the same century the Popes began to claim
to be Gods viceserents earth, and towards the
end Of the eleventh century they formally established the
privilege Of disposng Of the temporal and king
doms Of Europe, and excommuni;ated such kings and
emperorB ss refused to submit
Gregory VII (surnamed Hldebrand), who was the
greatest of all the Popes claimed this power Of universal
sovereignty and greatly assisted in his claim by the
CouK Matilda of Tuscany who made absolute dona
ton Of all her territory to the Church. the object Of
his ambition not only to place the whole ecclesiastical
in the hands Of the Pope but to make the Church entirely
independent Of the temporal power BE wished to found
theocracy in which the Pope the vicar Of Cod should be
the sovereign ruler of the world In political well in
spiritual matters and that kings should hold their king
doms only his vaesals He prohibited the marriage
Of PRIESTS in order to strengthen the ecclesiastical power
and make more DISTINCT and he abolished the right Of
kings and emperors appoint bishops and other clergy
which was the only remaining source Of authority Of
princes the hierarchy and clergy Of their domnioas
Upon this question deadly quarrel between
CORY and the German Emperor Henry w. We have said
that Matilda daughter Of the Marquis OF Tuscany gave
him great assistance. She had married Godfrey, Of
the Duke Of Lorraine but always lived separate from him
in Italy Being left widow in her thirtieth year. she
engaged ardenty in the OF the Pope against her
cousin Henry w. She almost the inseparable com
panon Of Gregory and was ready TO assist him in every
thing. She a woman of great piety, though hard
things said OF her in reference 10 the Pope She
shared with him in every danger and alone stood him
against the Emperor in 1884, sustaining him with her
while Rome was beseged and after the death
Of Gregory she prosecuted open against the Emperor
OWu gave w Low icuus OctWotu
ror and Pope Pascal ILL., account of the donation which
abe had made to Gregory These euds finally resulted
the cesson the Pope Of portion Of the
of Matilda. They consisted of Tuscany Mantua Parma,
Reggie, Pacenza Ferrara, kodena part of Umbria, the
Duchy Of Spoleto, Verona, the march OF Ancona and
almost ell that constitutes the present patrmony of the
church.
The disputes between the Popes and the German empe
to the right of tho nvesure of bishops agtated
Italy and Germany for long PERIOD but the greatest
test was between Gregory VII and Henry ". The Pope
summoned the Emperor before him, but the latter
treated the mandate with contempt and sent abassa
dor to depose the Pope. He excommunicated went
barefoot to his Holiness, and made humble submission
Gregory after allowing him to stand for three days at his
castle gate at length accepted his submission and permit
ted him TO kiss his feet The custom OF kissing the Popes
toe introduced in $685. and after existing for thou
sand years. abolished by Pope Clement XIV in 1773
Gregory, Notwithstanding the humiliation aud repentance
Of Henry set up an opposition Emperor in the person Of
Rodoph Of Bavaria who died after two years. In retalia
ton henry degraded Gregory, and made expedition
into Italy for the purpose Of eecng another Pope The
continued for four years between them when Henry
at length triumphed and Gregory fed into exile Saer
no, where he died. He granted to the Duke Of Norman
dy Robert Guiscard, Naples and Sicily, reward for
berang him from the Castle of st. Angelo where he
was besieged by the Romans.
Urban and Pascal the Popes who succeeded Gregory,
renewed the Papa ban against Henry and excited his
children To revolt against him. One of his degenerate
sons threw him into prison. whence he escaped but died
soon after at Lege where he buried by the bishop
but the body exhumed and conveyed Spires where
lay for FIVE years in store coffin above the earth in an
isolated building till at last the year ILL., Pope Pascal
absoved him from communication and he then
tered with greater magnicence than any other emperor
before him.
Pope Adrian w. Uhe only Engshman among the popes)
made present Of Ireland to Henry H. Of England in the
twelfth century. His name was Nicholas Bieakspeare.
Pope Alexander Ill survived two rival popes and over
came third. He brought the kings of England and
Scotland to unconditional obedience in religious matters
and made Henry H. OF Engand and the Emperor Frederic
l. hold his stirrup. Celestne III. kicked the Emperor
Henry sxths of his head while kneeling, to show
his prerogative Of making and unmakng kings.
The Pope next to Gregory VII in greatness limo
cent ILL.,, who elected Pope in 1885, at the age Of
thirty years. he asserted the principles and
pursued the practices Gregory gained over the
Romans TO his Gauge and numerous cities of Italy, and
obtained possession Of the ecclesiastical States in
their widest extent he conferred Naples on Conssanta
and her minor son, afterwards Frederic H.; in Germany
he favored the election Of Ohio against Philip and crowned
him at Rome; communicated Philip Augustus of France
and still decided in his treamen! Of john King
Of England who refused TO confirm the election CT Langon
as Archbishop Of Canterbury He laid nerdlct the
kingdom, formally deposed John in 1872 aud nstgated
the King Of France TO make war against him. John
was obliged 10 submit, and resigned his territories
to the Pope, from whom he received them as papa
fef but unable to obtain absoution till he had paid
large sum Of money Almost all Christendom was sub
ect to him, and two crusades undertaken at his
order his influence extended TO Constantinope
He Of the greatest Of Popes and rulers; he
forced purity Of morals among his clergy, and was him.
self irreproachabe in private life But he encouraged
the persecution of the Abgenses "a kind Of Protastans)
in the south Of France and established the tribunals
the Inquisition.
The influence Of the Crusades expanding sAe mind Of
Europe undermined instead Of strengthening the papa
power, by advancing liberal ideas and freedom Of
thought.
In Philip the Fair, OF France, Boniface VIII. me,
master during the residence Of the Popes for seventy