The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1859-06-19

Of Genoa to the plains Of Piedmont II 10 vow n.-..
and confined The of this pass ia sso svn.n Zoo.
above the city OF Genoa On the south side OF pdo,t
the dene is commanded by the fortress of Gayl A~e
spring Of 1900 the Bocheua stormed by e. ns,.s.
and $4,000 French, under hassena, though aided BY a
numerous artillery and the natural advantages Of mar
row pass presenting barrier almos. iosuperahe were
compelled after obstinate struggle and the OF their
enrenchmen TO sheter themselves behind the ramparts
Of Genoa.
The second pass is that OF Mount GeDevre, In the
Cottan Alps, twenty miles Of horizontal distance 70 the
southwest Of susA This pass only 94 feet above the
sea- ana is easily scaled, the SUNNI, be nc long and
wide plain, well cultivated in several parts The large
village of Bourg, Mount, Geneyre, lee mos,y in tns
centre, the beigha on either eide not rising thoussn
Iee' ABOVE It's level and covered TO op with large
pines IN great abundance beautiful road this
pass was constructed by French engineers by order OF
Bonaparte the elder. 1t the right bank of the
Dursnce, whilst the old road up the left bank rhe
foot OF this pass little than two miles northwest
of Besancop.
The third pass that Of Mount Cents in the game Aips
1t lie much steep and difficult ON the Italian side tia.
on that OF the Dauphine, FRENCH SIDE The road On
the French side asceDds from Lens de Bourg for four miles
In winding direction till it reachess the pass which Ia
plain six miles long by four wde encrced Ill sides by
the dereut emnences and ridges form the summit
Of this part Of the chain. Tho of this pass ssk
iest above the sea- and ths surrounding heights ara
from 2Seo to $500 above the plain. In the
middle OF this plain 10 circular lake Of i'm
s,eIse depth, and and half miles in diameter
$3.50 feet above the To the souh Of this plain
tremendous CHI pro.cts towards the side Of Italy pre-
senting broken and almost perpendicular prscpios
From hence il q prospect as far Turin.
The fourth that Of the Little St. Bernard In the
Graian Alps leading from Bourg St. Norris across the
range 10 La Tulls, on the Italian SIDE Thh u the
identical pass BY which Hannibal entered Italy and 10 The
easiest Of all tnose by which that country can be
entered On the side Of France Tho summit il q plain
OF two and halt miles in length well sheltered and
having in it, centre . small lake, the source Of
The Doria The plain 2l0 above the sea- To the
northeast OF the hospice Tor REFUGEE large circle of
stones exactly resembling Druidcal circle and uni
VERBALLY deromnated "the Circle OF HANNIBAL who IN
believed by tradition 10 have held council of war within
this enclosure with bis ooes This pass practicable
for mules; and in 1915 column OF 5000 Aussrans with
ten pieces Of cannon, passed it, and the road In good
state Of repair
The Fifth pass is that Of the Great st. Bernard leading
ON Martgny, In the vaa the Swiss side TO Aost onr
the Italian sde At the foot Of the pass ON the side of
Italy the road divides into twoths one shorter more
steep and difficult, called the vatelins the other bread
10y Of Bardo, from castle called, which commands
the dsns and the valley, being seated on an eminsnss
The accent and descent from &c. Rsu at the foot of st.
Bernard on the Italian side TO xatguy the Swss ds
eighteen mics BY this pass in 1900 BonAparte entered
Italy, and once sealed its BY the decisive battle
Of Marengo The hospcs convent ID s1S0 feet above
the sea.
The sixth pass il that Of sempronius or the suplon
eadng rom the head Of the yalas range ct
the valley Of Tssa and the of Duomo de Ossola in
the Alanese. military road over this constructed
in 1902 BY Bonaparts. This the hrst great highway
constructed over the Alps.
The seventh the pass OF st. Gothard leading up tho
valley OF the Reuss till the range and then de-
scends BY Ares 70 the Lsvaptns valley along the
OF the Tsss- 1t by this Germans nret
Invaded Italy, the reign OF Claudus Cesar and II was
by this the eide OF Italy suwarrow in l7ss
entered Switzerland The this pass is eo52 feet
above the
The eighth niuth and tenth passes are Important Aus
tra was not Satisfied with route her Italian pro-
vnces and one pass the Alps must have one to
| each province. The way Milan by Verona wa, not
sufficiently direct and Short and she resolved 10 have
separate road to the capital Of L,mbardy as well az tn
verona IN Venetia The road Of the Bremen pass over
he Iyroi from Vienna through Innspruck is the same
TOT 10th as far RS Gurps on the Adge; thence the road
Verona continues straight south through Trent
that TO Milan turns to the right westward, and.
crossing the pass Of the SteIvo, leads to Borp,io
German, Worms) in the extreme north Of the ya.elpe
on the left bank of the AIDA, whence there is road
down TO Como ana Milan At the head Of the lake of Como
connects with the road the Spugen pass By the
seivo the distance TO Milan from Vienna greatly short
ened and OF such importance in q military point OF
view did Austria regard this route, that she spent an
enormous sum IN is construction vas opened in 1924
s tie ot'est carriage route in Europe, It's summit be-
ng el0o feet above the The pass Of Saint Marie ia
et shorter and reader route and lies the selyo
but portion OF IL goes through Swiss territory and
Austria preferred the Seivo route, only because
was all through her own territory but because IL was
more inaccessible and difficult and cary to be cut up 30
as TO prevent the passage Of enemy II is exclusively
military road II Is uprvaled In the world. Il ascends
far above the lice Of perpetual There are nume-
rors viaducts hno tunnels 1t winds such short curves
as to create gddinees 1t connects, have said the
ryrol with the Vatellne, and thence with Milan
The rev Austrian road over the Splugen.
constructed In the vaielne, was made pass
able for carriages In 1928 By the Austrian
when entered into stipulation with the Swiss Canton Of
ncno in 1915 to prevent the building Of new road from
Belh iona to core the Bernardn and only to keep
,he old road in its present condition The consideration
was permission TO import salt and fruit from Lombardy
The validity Of this treaty, however, contrary the
Of the Grsons the Cantons was dis
puted, and the building Of the road finally com.
menced The summit Of the splugen pass Is 1889 feet
above The level of the sea.
The main road from Innspruck, in the Tyro to Italy s
over the B'enner, a mountain OF ryrol 6O36 feet in
height. At this place the road is ten miles long, and
ascendB to height Of 1867 feet. Toe Bremen pass
brings the month Of the Austrian empire into communca-
ton with the important valley OF the Adge This gorge
was known to remote antiquity for northern Slope
may still be seen milestone that the passage Of
the Roman legons Il vas by this way thai the German
emperos invaded Italy, whenever the republic Of Venice
shut against them passage through ner territory. 1t
led straight into the Tyrol, which at every period has
been the province devoted Hspaburg
and the most usefunstrumep, elevation It is
possession Of the Tyrol which gives such military strength
70 the fortress OF Verona which is the key Of the vene