The Cecil Whig. [volume] (Elkton, Md.) 1841-current, 1859-02-05
WHOLE No. SIi
NonroeS THIRD Annual MeSsane.

In what manner the evils adv,rted to may be
rcmcdicd, and how far it may be practicable
in other respects to afford to them further en-
enlargement, paying due regard to all the
other great interests Of the nation, is submitt,d
! to the wisdom o! Congress-
Nonfoc's Fgh 4dnnuQi Message.
"It may fairly be presumed that under the
protection given to domestic manufactures bv
the existing laws. We sllail become at no
distant period. manufacturing country on an
| extensive scale. Possessing, as we do. the
Ia" materials in such vast amount. with IL
capacity to gmcnt them to an indefinite cx-
tent; rtising within the country aIment Of
every kind To an amount far exceeding the de-
lnand Tor home consumption, even in the
most unavorabe years. and to be obtained
always at a very moderate price skilled, also,
as our people are. in the mrchan jc arts, and
in every respect calculated to lesson the de-
mand for, and the price of, labor; it is mani
fest that their success in every branch Of
domestic industry may and will be carried,
under the encouragement given by the present
duties, to an extent to meet any demand
which, undera fair competition, may be made
on it.
1t cannot be doubted that the more complete
our internal resources, and the less dependent
we are on foreign Powers for every national,
as well as dome site purpose, the greater aud
more stable will be the public felicity. BY
the increase Of domestic manufactures will the
demand for the rude materials at home be in
creased and thus will the dependence Of the
several parts Of our Union on each other and
the strength Of the Union itself be proportions
ally auemcnttd.''
JGrhEons FIRST Annual MessGge
"'The general rule TO be applied in graduat-
ing the duties upon articles Of foreign growth
or manufacture is that which will place our
own in fair competition with those of other
countries, and the Inducements to advance
even step beyond this point are controlling
in regard to thusc articles which are of primary
necessity i'll time Of war.
We must ever expect selfish legislation in
other nations. and are, therefore. compelled
to adopt our own to their regulations in the
manner best calculated to avoid serious injury,
ana to aArmonizt the conflicting interests Of
orr agriculture, commerce, and manu-
tacturcS,'
Mr.. Calhoun's views on the subject are not
less emphatic in favor Of protection. quote
from his speech in 1876:
" He dwelt on the great importance of the
article, and the expectancy Of encouraging
IT'S production in our own country and cnlor-
ccd particularly the necessity Of encouraging
all those articles at home for which we now
depended on the West Ind 50
He believed the policy of the country re-
CURED protection TO our manufacturing cstab-
nshmentS.'
8. He had asserted that the subject before
them was connected with the security of the
country. 1t would. doubtless, by some. be
considered rash assertion; but he conceived
Ii to be susceptible Of the cltaIeSt proof. and
he hoped, with due attention, to establish it
To the *atitacton OF The House,
6 Neither agriculture, manufacture, nor
commerce, taken separately, is the cause of
wealth; it flows from the combined, and can
not exist without each. Without commerce,
industry would have no stimulus without
manufactures, ii would be without the means
OF production and without agriculture neither
ct the others cap subsist. when separated
entirely and permanently, they pcrish.''
In pursuance Of these recommendations,
Congress has repeatedly enacted tariff laws,
discriminating in favor Of American industry.
All the great manu- featuring coun tries of the
world have doQe the same excluding the for.
elgn fabric from competition with their own,
on the principle of SET dofrnSe and that all
Governments have within themselves the clc-
WentS OF their own protection. principle
winch underIlcs their very organizations, and
without which they could not maintain an
existence. 1t Is my purpose to show that
tins elementary principle should. in Govern
mcnt like ours. more than in most others de-
vtlop itself in settled policy in an American
system to hecone as permanent and enduring
as our own lcaden hills and iron mounrains.- -
1t is to this end desire to contribute my
initc before tie close of my congressional
duties. 1t Is my purpose to prove, what I
believe can clearly demonstrates that ptotcc
lrn is not ONLY the true policy of,his Govern
ncnt but that it Is the only policy under
which burdens, whether public or private,
can be less,ned.
In assuming this duty. start with premi-
scS which challenge the advocates of free
trade'to reinte. ] Shall sustain these pre-
misses and positions by facts and figures
drawn from the past history of the country,
aud claim legitimate deductions tending
direc'ly to the support Of the great postulale
| have just announced.
maintain first, that a country whose OK.
ports consists OF manufactured products, is in
Il more flouriShng condition than one whose
exports are. of the raw material. The ,cla.
1--WE position OF this country and Great Britain
VIII test the truth oilhs assertion. In 1857,
the exports of manufactured goods bv the
iormcl was only $50 zoo 600. whilst that Of
me latter amounted to the enormous sum of
S6OO 600 ,OOO, embracing one hundred and
seycnty.scven million Of yards ofcottou goods
to this country, amounting to $4,000. Co.,
ilcre Us @C0O,C0O,OO0 thrown by a single
nation into foreign commerce thrown there
by manufacturing people who are wise
enough not to export their raw material but
to work 1t up into al imaginable shapes
before they launch itupon the mighty deep
lhlS fact alone. startling as it must be admit
It'd, carries with it a still more startling SC.
quence, to wit the manufacturers of Great
britain In single year require twenty ships
for one required by us, to transpsrt their
manufactured fabrics. 1t is true, beside our
$50 100000 of manufactures exported, we
sent abroad some three hundred millions, but
OF ra~ materials and COIN, leaving MS still with
but half the exports of Great Britain and pre-
sentins the melancholy spectacle of the nine
t,nths OF that consisting of the raw material
taken to England fut purposes of manufacture
anu to be returned, and purchased By us: we
paying the cost of transportation both ways
and the cost of manufacture.
The nation whose exports Of manufactured
fabric has grown to GOO GOO geo per annuin,
has increased its domestic Commerce in the
same ratio, so that Great Britain's domestic
commerce, 50 far as manufactures are concern-
cd would be say zen times greater than ours.
Her engine power is six hundred million.
equal in population of twenty.one million,
to thirty men to each inhabitant The I'M
mense machinery propelled by this power.
requires that species of raw material such as