The daily exchange. [volume] (Baltimore, Md.) 1858-1861, 1859-02-02
THE ITALIAN QUESTION

PreSse 81
If Venetian Lombardy, Italian in heart and in
race, submits with an ever growing repugnance to
the Austrian yoke, there is in the Peninsula an
other Power upon which the influence of the Aus
TRAN Cabinet is exercised in manner not less pre-
Judielal-it is the Court of Rome. For long time
the Pope, as temporal sovereign, has governed his
SUBJECTS In manner to prove that in fact his king
dom is not of this world. Finances, admnstra-
ton, justice public instruction. all is conducted in
narrow and very balefu spirit, subordinating
civil and political interests to the interests we'll or
i'll understood of region-the result of which is
that the Pontihcal government is becoming living
impossibility. From 1881 European diplomacy
therein embracing Austria, lavshed upon it coun,
sells which have never been listened to- In lS4S
Plus Ia, who, in putting himself at the head of the
Italian crusade, would have led on all italy, forgot
that ne was sovereign in order to remember only
that he was Pope. From that day, it may be said
the sovereign for ever abdicated he no longer ex-
lists OF himself and independents he is nothing more
than the instrument of those who, by their protec
ton, prolong his artificial existence.
In taking part against the Roman republican
taking on her own account the principal part of the
work, in replacing him upon the throne, in lending
hlm the gratuitous assistance of her soldiers
france might nave hoped to make her voice and
her counsels heard. But moral afinites are stron-
ger than services rendered. 1t is Austria that did
nothing for the Pope, who only knows how to make
herself listened to by him. France may we'll gra-
tuitousy lend her soldiers Austria that paid for
her occupation, and who draws every year from an
exhausted country eight millions for this object,
alone inspires friendship and confidence And this
is justice! Whilst, in truth revolutionary France
admits the liberty OF all religions, Austria signs
with Rome concordat which places the surveil-
lance of instruction, and even to the censor of
books, in the hands of the clergy
Rome can also accept the assistance of France
but her heart is with Austria. Austria supports
her, sustains her in her resistance to the most mr.
gent reforms; and not only does she become an OBJ
stacle to the relief that the Roman populations
might hope for but in offering support to the blind
Illusions or retrogresslon, she acts through the
means of the high dignitaries of the Roman clergy
upon the spirit of Catholicism entire can it be be-
lieved, that if the Pope had ceased to count upon
the support that Austria lends him, or can lend to
him, as an Italian Power, he would have made in
his States such scandal as that of the Mortara af
fair? it be believed that he would tolerate that
he would encourage in France this policy of resto.
ration at all hazard of which the Uuers is the or
gan, and which, at any given day, might let loose
upon our country, and upon the clergy particular
ly, frightfrl evils?
From the Gazette de France Jan. 6.l
We are OF opinion that the thought of favoring
the extension of Piedmont and placing Upper Italy
under the sceptre of the house of Savoy is bad in
every respect and in contradiction to the princi-
pies Of the soundest justice The schemes of the
Turin Cabinet are not justified by any serious
cause and war which should have such an aim
would be condemned by public opinion and its only
end would be to throw disorder and confusion into
Europe
France cannot be willing to commence new war
unuer the present circumstances; she has proved
herself long ago before Europe, and does not need
any new victory to give prestige to her arms She
is, besides, aware of the cost of war of chivalry
We have sacrificed 100000 men, 1,500 millions and
four years of peace to leave Austria more influential
than before, and England without counterpoise in
Constantinople; to open the Black Sea- in which we
have no interest of any Importance to give to the
Romanians a constitution, the basis of which we
have not been allowed to establish and to leave the
Christians under the humiliating yoke of the Mus
sulmans and to the Koran.
Russia has neither the leisure nor the possibility
to enter now into the hazards of war of that kind
A moment will certainly come when, diplomacy
failing, the cannon will have to make the nations
reenter into the path of national principles; but we
do not believe that that moment has arrived and
all that will be attempted before that solemn hour
has sounded will only produce confusion, for it is
revolution which will have engendered it.
The following is from the Times City Article,
January TO-
''The English Funds were materially affected bv
the falling of the French Funds, and were subse-
quently aggravated by the telegraphic summary of
the speech Of the King of Sardinia on opening the
legislative session at Turin. The Piedmontese
speech was interpreted as direct attempt to take
advantage of the present nhammable state of italy,
and crafty the ambition of the country at any cost
to Europe, but it is noticed that ausion was made
to the empty state of the Exchequer, and the belief
is thus strengthened that the capitalists of London
and Paris will yet hold in great measure the pow
er to retard war;
"There has been great agitation in the English
funds throughout the day, and quotations at the
close OF official business showed further fall of X
per cent, making total reduction of nearly per
cent. since the LIST inst 1t was generally reported
that Count Walewski had retired from the Ministry
for Foreign Affairs, and had been succeeded by
Count de Persigny. Consols for money 95@L and
| 95S@H for February. The French 3 per cents.
opened at 69f. 30c., and went Immediately to 69f-
reaction took place, but the panic ultimately be-
came more intense than ever and the closing trans
actions were at 67f. 95c. the fall thus established
since New 7 ears Eve being exactly per cent
While the depreciation in the French funds, caused
by the policy of the Emperor Napoleon, has been 6
per cent, it has been per cent in those of Eng
land, per cent in Russian, per cent. in Sardin-
cent in Turkish"
From the Contine it'll Rerierc Liberal
1t was breaks out in Italy what is England to do?
We think her course is plain. She could not think
for moment of actively aiding Austria so long as
the only question at issue the freedom of Italy
As little could she think of taking part in the
war, as an ally of France. We have had quite
enough of alliances in which France reaps the
glory, and we have to find the money and do the
| hard work. The notion also of England and France
joining together to promote liberty is a chimera.
| From the Economist, Liber al
All England wishes for the withdrawal of the
French and Italian troops from the neighborbood
of Rome and Naples, in order that those evil Ital
ian Governments may see themselves once more al
the mercy of the people. At the same time Eng
land could not and would not ally herself with
France to effect these objects, simply because We
all know that no means for efecting them could
well be more dangerous. Let France once take a
strong grasp of the Italian Peninsula and not only
would the tyrany of Austria be exchanged for that
of France, but, in all probability Piedmont her
self would be endangered. The sword that is des
| potic and treacherous at home, will be despotic
and treacherous abroad. England ought to be neu.
trail, and toiwatch from afar a contest in which she
might eventually interpose with all the greater eff
feet that she had been no party to the contract by
| which it was begun.
From the Examiner Whigl
In consideration of the Italian question which
| wears every day graver and more warlike aspect
there are two or three points upon which there
hardly exist much difference of opinion or divided
sentiment in England. In the first place there can
be no doubt of the sincere and hearty sympathy OF
the British public with the Italian 1t is the
honest wish of ninety whine Engishmen out of every
hundred to see the blessings of constitutional lib
erty now enjoyed by the little kingdom of Sardinia
extended to all the States of the Peninsula under
whatever form Of tyranny they groan. The second
point is implied in the 6rst-a prevailing and in