The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1859-01-05

auVant0&eOuAy
creased to such few would credit whose at
tenton has directed TO the subject But before
proceeding 70 show the extent 70 which IRON may be EN-
poyed by the government and the still greater extension
Of its likely 10 follow the example Of the government
and the exercise OF proper influences 10 aid such example,
this connection TO advert briefly 10 some Of the
advantages specific ad yaorem duties The latter
class Of duties whether imposed for revenue poses or
with view protection, constantly iuctlating in
amount Sufficient to-day for either revenue or proec
ton, they morrow SO high as To produce rednn
dancy Of revenue and become ohibory, or 80 low as TO
afford altogether inadequate amount OF and
protection. The OF collected under the
ad yaorem system unceran and the projection afford
ed always least when most required. This Is not all
The facilities of committing frauds under greatly in
creased False invoices constantly resorted TO- The
government deauded Of its revenues, and honest men
driven from business by being subjected TO compe-
ttOD with rOgues At present many large foreign houses
have established branches in New York, and have thus
virtually become both sellers and buyers Under such
Of things the facility for committing frauds upon
the largely increased Specific duties are liable
TO none OF the objections that have been urged ~
duties Under this system there rs no huctaaon
in the amount Of the revenue except sucn as ARISES 'To
the greater less quantity Of the goods ta are
ed Levied In view the quantity likely W be imported
and the protection required there neither deficiency
the OF revenue nor failure OF the protecuon
which il the intention OF government 70 anord.
There is no opportunity commit fraud through means
of invoices the honest merchant VINO regards
the obligation the oath he takes, compelled to an nju
rous Competition with the knave who holds neither
honor conscience sacred. The ad vaorem system s,
this respect, but little more than bounty paid 10
dishonesty. II is thus very manifest that specific
duties superior TO ad valoreIn duties, both IN
revenue and protective point Of view, and should
coord 10 ha 0 Observation-Disclosures t th prasaent
There class Of modern politicians who are in the habit
.;., cs n,,h tSu Joc,ore 10 nnwor.nu ~ an
enlightened age and the elevatng and berazng prnci-
pies Of advanced civilization and they are fond of quoting
s ne s u ",v ,hn raud !, :; Jn aes
They tell that the wisdom Of her modern statesmen
nus ooM .,ie ~ ,ii ; 81 ,h ,se ~
commodities Of the foreign world This, however, Is
mistake thgans mas mol abandoned wnat IS caiea her
meet the e1senSes q her condition and for the
very purpose OF projecting her aoorng classes she re-
csan bread ,e hat hey be- az cheap
But what does this partial reduction OF duties proven NOT
that the protective policy was Injurious TO the interests OF
England. That policy adopted in the far on olden
times when her manufacturing and mechanical industry
its infancy, while the sceprc of the kingdom was
the reign Of the Stuarts il was extended by Cromwell,
by the soldier whose genius for government was as great
@ genius for snS ss TO
and abasement 10 her foes That policy England never
abandoned 1t was maintained by her despo.ic monarchs
been pursued by the ministers of her constitutional
kings until the skill of her artisans and the periec-
try, are unequaled in the world. 1t this
policy that helped 70 make her what she 49, created
and cherished her these became amXary
her navy has MADE her the mistress Oh the seas ana the
sovereign Of an empire such as the world has never seen
and it would be well that her encomasts should remem-
Der it, together with the fact that more than W per cent
o. Der Gdes s o. some 9 Sssrs to n
your attention TO the quantity OF IRON mat may DC advan
tageously consumed by the government and Others io-
lowing its example IN the use OF TINS materia lot Tue
varied and almost innumerable objects to which IL is
adapted In his late report the Secretary Of the Treasury
estimates the expenses Of the general government at
$50 600 annually and the expenses OF the State go
vernments at an equal annual amount me former estl
mate is very greatly below me actna, amount Q, our
ana certainy lar peio" mna' .iey d. my Iy,I
oe I0r ue iu.uIe, uness H. s,;,.a r ,H
lor IeoI sn s ~ p roorn,uou, is nroh.hiu
annual expenses y, une S. ~ ,, 40 ~ ~
neaa.y sh ~ conrss sonsbns and smaller
ns ~ an amount ena IN those of the gene
vi w GO ~ ~ co,,bnod ,ro win have on an
ortia az Sooo no0 600 exnendod for objects connect
ed with the civil and muncpa government of the coun.
a. :. hn. hoar asno,ad thai nearly one s;xth of tho
% ~ tho General oovernmcnt s exnended in the pur
has NJ hn;d;nc natcrols for government edaces cns
.iaeS ", o"e So ,,st o,c.. hosn;aIs Sor,;Sca
tons ,- hsr,,ocra igbhorsas shinvards woorkshons
Socrs houses for the accouodaton of Commanders OF
nosts sbins Ac Assuming that an equal proporton of
he amnnn, annuallv expcpded by the State CITY and
ru S"uernments il apnronrated 70 similar objects
h aroaste IF sso dnn 400 eynended annuay
NC az al se of ru,I;n ynstsr.Is In the march cf
N .ne PuS.aov !. ron 10 hacon,;no varv common
v... ~ ~ h nr;o, .tona anS yood a, mate
IMa .or uuus p ,,hat !. nron;;ses in @rsa,
% ~ No roro,a nor;od ~ toka the Mace of ali os
az ~ 1coii,;es ~ 10 much cbeapar than either
s .nna Az rar;ors cornonont norts Of an ed,sce
Jim VI e., s ~, no ,ronorod IN one naca and
VI . my ~, ann.har hoyaver distant. The cost of
sl ~ Several nar,e heng once nrenared il GONNA
.' ,re,ng q NAV ha removed from one Mace and
~. - an,hn. ui,,on, docacar mont or lose hv
p ~ n up ~ modern imnrovcments II in nearly
VIC SS,rrct;h,a nv Arc and eonav conortahe IN
LILLIAN; Iuso % "nr t5e nrlce IF IRON being Uniform
M ns. q. easily oacerto;rable in ADVANCE. f NAV he
n,ad almost ne ornate a marble Mt small exnense and
- ni,o ns and ess oasiv dafacad These ara
ad ant zee that cannot no controverted
pmt nc aavantaces are more than enua,lv greas as
raara for shinh1id;ng Tn reat Britain n has almost
Superseded evervthnc else As early as 1859 of one
bmpdred and v three steam vessels built in England
during the wear one hundred ana seventeen were of
rnn erJ d;r,ng tho game nerod eight sailing vessels
rer hu, NJ the same material havs seen no accnrate
staement Of the number nj IRON vessels built in Great
Prain s;uce that time bn am informed that both there
and in France iron has almost Superseded wood in their
sbnvards In these Countries as well as Russia who
have ali had an opportunity OF testing in war the adj
nanacas or IRON as material for shinbuiding are uni
versav recocniged Bu This IL scarcely beginning II
LARGELY cmnIoved for sidewalks in cities for the Dave
ment az strecs The enclosure of marks and public
r.rSn CO.. an,ad,cs ond ,,iadncte for hriiges for