The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1859-04-20


they we're both AAbomeans.
A wn1ER Ar NuOoLAKrsK-JACK FROST REi6ne su-
PRHnH-AN ANICDOrE or GOVERNOR koZAAF
yIrCH-LIrE OF A RUSSIAN e0LDIER -rEioTALISA
AT A pyscousr-yIK RUSSIAN PACIFIC SQUADRON.
Having described the peculiar construction oil ne noon~
Of Niooasfsk win say few words about me sevefss
OF tia winter On or about the sth Of October Of each
year III hardly ever differs more than three days. ths
river freezes over entirely week or ten days before
shs takes place, all the neghboring Geecks hs abort
gins inhabitants of the country at the mouth Of The
Aunoor) come for the last time in their swim ca
poou bringing nsh in exchange Cor blue and white
cpt,on CLOTH rice and tohGrro. Nov tho imE,anae
stream being frozen sufficiently in twenty -four hours 70
permit Of travelling upon the ice, becomes quite lively
The town Of K with the fortified post Of Marensky about
three hundred up the river, and intermediate
villages send down sleghs feghted with meat potatoes,
fish, &C. The Geelock comes with his team Of set dogs
some ten or twelve Of them attached 10 small sledge
and far outstrppng the horse whose nostrs are armed
with thick layer Of ce-the frozen condensations Of his
brea,h-.o the great impeachment OF bis speed. Every
Article OF provision can only be obtained in frozen
state MIX brought 70 market in pieces hanging on
string or slowed away in bags The eggs might be
dropped from Trinity church seeple upon the granite
pavement Of broadway without the least danger Of break
ing them The large sturgeon, with its decate spawn,
called eekra " or caviacs spit open am dssectea not
with knife but with heavy The facl OF meal being
yery thoroughy be surmlsed by Nm anecdoe
Of Governor Kazakcvch Who while cutting up the roast
at his own table. remarked in good English, Gentlemen,
though perfectly done on the ousde 1t was frozen the
centre.
w. at noon often twenty four 70 thirty six de-
Zero cold becomes so intense as TO make
all metals extremely brittle The nails n the outer door
and roof of the house part in two leaving the boards
loose and permitting the snow 70 be blown INTO the room
the outer door handles, made or brass or IRON, would
break OF as readily they had been glass and had
constantly either to repair replace them The snow,
no longer in fakes, but tine as the finest wheat
-four, enters every crevice, be 1t ever 30 small;
driven BY the wind, il leaves the ground
in some places entirely bare, while in others
gathers In immense masses 10 walking or driving out,
body well protected by abundance Of wooen clothing
and besides that thick fur cloak around you indspen
cable II member is affected by frost 1t turns
pletey white ought to be rubbed instantly with snow
when color and sensation will readily return. limb
frozens very apt, when afterwards but slightly
posed to freeze again. We had become quite familiar
with this circumstance, and when out ia company tho
conversation would naturally run th1s''Mr. H. please
watch my nose" 'Mr. p, your left cheek is turning
white" "Csptain w. your right ear is in dangcr"-upon
which the part cautioned commenced Immediately rub
with all his might which, however, does not prevent the
SKIN from coming off afterwards and leaves your phz in
o very unepviable plight
The life OF Russian soldier sailor here ia curious
enough deserve mention The pay he from gov
eminent is tripg IN the Notwithstanding like thirty
ve copecks equal TO twenty cents month"; besides
which, however, he gets his raons clothing, and every
thing wanted in the service. His food consists prnc-
pay OF salt beef fresh and salt FISH, unbolted rye -four
buckwheat, met and tea The latter is what is called
brick tea which brought from China via Kiakhta and
consumed in quantities by all the native tribes
Of NongOs, Tartars, Kamtchadahs &C. III order TO
squeeze into fiat cakes it is weted and has thus the
pearance and soidy Of chewing tobacco The Russian
soldier sailor drinks 1t with SALT in the absence Of
sugar moIasses and frequently adds butter lard to
it, thus making kind Of broth, which, after all does not
taste very much arnss The Notifications Of the town
of Nicolaek and at the mouth OF the river, being
stanty improved and augmented, large number OF SOL
ders and sailors Away detailed for work. In the
the government machine chop, officers aud
sodere quarters the laying out OF streets and building
Of housesn short, every government and public work,
is carried on by the labor Of the soldiers and sailors VINO
thus employed all the year round biacksinths
masons, machniss, shipbullders carpenters, joners
timers &C. &C. During their leisure time they for
the merchants and private people residing here add for
such extra work obtain often in day or two macn
ever money they do is Inevitably spent for spi-
rituous liquor, Of which they can drink fabulous guam
titles. Though they receive rations OF uodka and
extra rations holidays, the fact OF a Russian
soldier sailor having refused another glass"
unheard Of lntoxicaton s, of course, quite common
and no fnea arrest castgaon any effect in sup
pressing After the process Of whipping with sticks
tied together like coarse broom, soldiers often declare
their willingness to take two or three hundred ashes
more, II they but get another bottle Of liquor
good many deaths occur from ntemperance, and every
winter records some cases where drunken soldiers lying
out in the cold, are found frozen 10 death.
The Russian government intend 10 make Ncolaefsk
the chief naval arsenal and headquarters Of their
Pacific squadron, which they determined to
place upon respectable footing. After the peace
the frigates Pa.lss and Diane having been destroy
cd, and the Aurora frigate, and 0livazzo and
Dvna soops Of. war being returned to Europe there
was nothing left here but few small vessels; but in the
summer OF 1857 considerable squadron despatched
from Cronsadt, which had arrived at Hong Kong, and
was expected at Nicoaefsk when left in August 1858
Il consists OF the Askod frigae, three screw corveses
and three clipper ships under the command OF Rear Ad
mira KuzretzoG appointed Governor o! Ncolaefsk and
commander OF the Pacific feet in lieu OF Admiral Kezlke
WITCH whose term Of service has expired On my arrival
St. Petersburg in January 1859, informed that
Commodore Popo had sailed from Cronstadt the preced
ing summer with second squadron composed Of three
ships Of war; which win PROBABLY reach their place of
destination in June or July next will be seen there
FORE that the Russians will have quite formidable
force these waters, and have doubt John Ball will
be keeping sharp look out after them.
PASSAGE UP THE AMooR--sTATE OF THE STEAM FLO
INSTRUMENTATION PILOr-AsPEcT OF
THE RIVER ABOVE MARIINsKY-TUE UssuRI-PRo.
POSED CANAL TO TIE PACIFfc-BHUDDIsT TEMeLE-
TREATY BETWEEN RUSSIA AND CHiNA--CoUNT MoU-
RAvIEFF AMoORsKY.
Having applied 10 the Governor Of the coast district of
Eastern Siberia Rear Admiral Kazakevitch Tor passage
up the Amoor river, he designated the steamer AMOR,
Capt Norwich, which would leave Ncoaefsk the 5h
August 1858, offering free passage in the same
There at present i've steamers belonging govern
ment three of whichthe Lena Shilka and Nadeshdaare
GU, of repair the Argoon DIT only owboat and lastly
the Amoor the only boat running with any regularity
the river. She built in Philadelphia, o! iron low
pressure engine of 65 TO 70 horse power AZ to feet
draught with fuel and passengers, ten 10 twelve
miles against the current and twenty with it, is the only
boat that has answered it's original purpose and given
tire satisfaction TO the Russian government. The Lena
also built order United States OF America iron
high pressure, wheel draws 81 instead of q and
may be considered failure She intended from
Zeya river TO Tcha, but her steering apparatus is decc
tive, and her draught in proportion to the depth
the channel in that part of the river; consequence
which she has been aground numberess times, and u
20 seriously injured, since she took Governor Mouavief
on his last trip, she is LAID up invalid at present
and will be for some time TO come, at Sretinsk,
400 versts above Port Stralka.
We left Nicoaefsk the 9Th August, old STYLE O7tt
August sye) and after some detention at nterme
date villages, arrived at Mariinsky Russian fort
three hundred and ten verss above Nicolaefsk
9Th Within a of II is the village Of Kisi, with
about forty families of soldiers and Russian peasants
who inhab small log houses poesess some horses
cattle and cultivate few Of land, raising with DIFF
hcuty potatoes cabbsges radshes and other vegetables
! during the ehort summer, which, however, Is muci
! mider here than at Ncoaefsk.
branch of the connects here with the Ks lake
beautiful sheet OF water seventy versts long, which
tends in eouheastery direction 70 within twenty gh
yes,s OF Castres Bay situated In lat b1 20 morrill, long