Daily national Democrat., 1859-09-02
The Fair Last Night.

VIII appear In Iull as soon as it can be put
in type. 1t was well received. At its con-
clusion, Mr.. Greeley was met on the plat
form and welcomed by G. N. Swezey, ESQ.
the President oft the Society, in few nppro
pirate remarks, and introduced to the audi.
ence.
We took very nearly full report of hi.
speech, but hour is too late for anything
more than abstract of what he said
After few prelimnares and Introductory
observations, he entered at once into the
subject of Agriculture, remarking that he
proposed to show some of the serious def.
ciencles in that branch of industry or science
in this State. The unsettled condition OF
land titles, he said, was II deplorable draw.
back to the interests of agriculture People
neglected to properly cultivate land, in very
many instances because they did not know
how soon they might be compelled to leave
it, and thus large tracts were in the hands OF
very thriftless ngriculturists This unsettled
condition of land titles had been for long
time terrible fact, staring the whole coun-
try in the face. And even after titles had
been settled still the absorption of so much
land in the grasp of a few men operated like
a blight upon the great interests of the State.
Another deficiency another drawback. was
the absence Of something like agrarian laws
The lands should be divided, by net of gov
ernment, as equally rs possible among the
people. First settle titles and then distribute
the land in such quantities us would give to
each man and his family comfortable home
and sure support He would not now indi-
cate what sort of Legislation should be inst-
tuted to compass this end, but the result
should be in some manner achieved.
Everywhere had he seen in his travels
through California, evidences of the evil et-
tects OF this want OF permanency in the
homes of the people Too many seemed bent
on simply making their piles and leaving
They toiled and struggled, for series Of
months or years, and instead of spending the
money they have acquired in building up and
Identifying the Stvte in which they achieved
their fortunes, they go elsewhere to enjoy the
fruits of their lahors The Pacific Oceun-
bounding Culitornia-woulds seem to say to
every Immigrant, "thus far shalt thou 90 and
no further But he pays no heed to the
spirit Of the Injunction for, while he truly
goes no further, he still turns his back upon
the wonderful land of his succ 5sses and leaves
IL for far less pleasant shores
lie looked, he said, with apprehension on
these vast cattle ranches, embracing 50 much
fertility of soil, when he reflected that near
ly all the occupants of them were mere ten
ants at will to the wealthy owners 1t filled
him with regrets, too, to see in so many
places such extents of cultivated ground, and
yet So few school houses-not u school house
in days ride or more. Where school
houses do not exist, the country cunnot pros
per. The Common School House is the great
bulwark Of the Nations safety, the true glo
ry of State aud he only sure basis Of its
prosperity.
Another thing he regretted to see WAS the
wanton or unnecessary waste Of timber in
the country. 1t was cut and slashed and
recklessiy destroyed on every hand. The
day is not distant, when the people ill have
to travel far to obain their fuel, if they keep
on in their present wasting and scattering
course. 1t is the unfortunate history of near
| " every country first to waste its timber and
then to labor to replace it, Gy every species
of transplautation or other appliances of
skill and science
Among the deficiencies Of agricultural
adaT tation in California was the apparent ig-
norance of the people of the fact that the
| land may lie cultivated without irrigation
that is to say, that where water is diff cult to
get, deep blowing will make it sufficiently
moist to answer all the purposes of an abun.
dant supply of water. Nine tenths of the
now dry aud infertle ands in this State he
had no doubt, could be made productive 10y
deep subsoiling. He had seen, indeed, far
illustration OF the t. nth Of this proposition In
the example set by farmer of his acquan-
tance somewhere below. This farmer had
raised large crops upon laud where there
WAS no water hy simply plowing deep.
| Snhsoil your ground, replow: kill out he
Weeds render your soil light and porous,
and there will always be moisture enough to
answer all the ends desired Indeed, it was
| HIS opinion that farmers used far too much
wntet' in this country, anyhow They destroy
their trees or dtlnoialize them by an inees-
SAINT application Of water Beware of teach
ing your trees to be wholly unable to do
without large quantities Of water. 1t ruins
| them and whole orchards thus 90 10 prema
ture decay. The grandest agriculture may
grow up in this State. if agriculturists will
only consider the character of the soil which
they are cultivating, and adapt their process
es to it, instead of considering the nature of
soils altogether different
Agriculture should be deeply pondered
over ard thoroughly studied. 1t is a pro-
grtssivo art and is now in its infancy A
want OF due knowledge in thi4 great art or
science was the reason that soil in the Allan
tic States, which at the anding of the May
flower, would have produced twenty bushels
of corn TO the acre will now only produce
ten. A great destroying process has been
going OH which ought now to he checked.
We are in danger of completely exhaust
ing the fructifying scources of the
earth, aud we should see to it tEat science
eALles to the rescue.
The great object of agricultural as well as
Of every other art or science shouM he the
G6gress Ct the human race In eur fairs,
our festivals aad exhibitions of the present
character. our first inquiry should be. how
far have the people progressed in knowledge
how far have they sustained themselves in
virtue temperance and sobTety.
With some happily timed closing remarks,
tlIs speaker took his seat. and shortly after.
ths exercises of the evening were concluded
Mr.. Greeley was received with vast aIiount
of ENTHUSIASM, and the people would have
been glad to hear him farther but his voice
failed him, after addressing them some TWEEN
ty or thirty minutes.
TITS speech had marked effect upon the
Audience, and they recognized in the brief
observations which fell from his lips the
stamp and seal of no ordinary mind.
RAPE CAsE-A man named j. f. Price,
says the Nevada Democrat, WAS arrested III
that place last Saturday morning, on the
o,,rbsSla;nt .,f Ad,n,s .haroa1 tuitI a