Alexandria gazette. [volume] (Alexandria, D.C.) 1834-1974, 1859-11-17
Important letter Of Louis Napoleon.

i
cd by the Emperor of the French, ON the
10Th October, to the King Of Sardinia. an.
he has no hesitation in guarantying its per-
feet authenticity:
"PALACE or ST. CLouD. October 20, 1859.
MONSIEUR Mon FRERE: | write to-day to
your Majesty in order to set forth to you
the present situation of affairs, to remind you
Of the past. and TO settle with you the course
which ought to be followed for the future
The circumstances are grave. 1t is requi-
site to lay aside illusions and sterile regrets,
and to examine carefully the real state Of
affairs. Thus, the question is not now
whether | nave done we'll or i'll in max
ing peace at Eillafranca, but rather to OBJ
tain from the treaty, results the most favors-
bic for the pacifcation Of Italy and for the
repoSe Of Europe.
Before entering on the discussion of this
question ] am anxious to recall once more
to your Majesty, the obstacles which render
every detinitive negotiation and every dehni-
tive treaty 50 difficult.
In point Of fact war has often fewer COM
plicatIons than peace. La the former, two
interests only are in presence of each other
the attack and the defence; in the latter, on
the contrary, the point is to reconcile null
titude of interests-often Of an opposite char
acter. This is what actually occurred at the
moment of the peace. Ii was necessary to
conclude Is treaty that should secure in the
best manner possible the independence of
Italy, which should satisfy Piedmont and
the wishes Of the population, and yet which
should not wound the Catholic sentiment or
the rights of the Soveregns in whom Europe
felt an interest.
| | believed then that if the Emperor of Aus
tria wished to come to a frank understanding
with me, with view Of bringing about this
important result, the causes of antagonism
which for centuries had divided these two
Empires would disappear. and that the re-
generation of Italy would be effected by COM
mon accord and without further bloodshed.
now state what are, in my opinion, the es-
sential conditions ofthat regeneration:
Italy to be composed of several indepen-
dent States, united by federal bond.
Each OF these States to adopt particular
I representative system and salutary reforms.
The Confederation to then ratify the prin-
ciplc Of Italian nationality; TO have but one
/ flag, but one system Of customs, and one cur
rency.
Tho directing centre to be at Rome, which
should be composed of representatives named
/ by the Sovereigns from list prepared by
the Chambers, in order that. in this species
of Diet, the influence of the reigning tami-
lie, suspected of \ leaning towards Austria,
should be counterbalanced by the element
resulting from election.
By granting to the Holy Father the Homo
rary Presidency Of the Confederation, the re-
ligious sentiment of Catholic Europe would
/ be satisfied, the moral influence of the Pope
would be increased throughout Italy, and
would enable him 10 make concessions in
| conformity with the legitimate wishes of the
populations. Now, the plan which | had
formed at the moment Of making peace. may
still be carried out, if your Majesty will en-
ploy your influence in promoting it. Be-
sides, u considerable advance has been made
in that direction.
The cession of Lombardy, with limited
debt, is an accomplished fact.
! Austria has given up her right TO keep
garrisons in the strong places of Piacenza,
Ferrara, and Comacchio.
The rights of the Sovereigns have, it is
true. been reserved. but the independence Of
Central Italy has also been guaranteed. in
asmuch as all idea Of foreign intervention
has been formally set aside; and, lastly.
| Nenetia is to become u province purely lta-
Ian. 1t is the real interest Of your Males
! ty, M Of the Peninsula, to second me in the
development OF this plan, in order to obtain
| from it the best results; for your Majesty
cannot forget that | am bound by the treaty.
and | cannot, in the Congress which is
about to open, Withdraw myself from my en-
gagements. The part of France is traced
! beforehand.
| We demand that Parma and Piaoenza
| shall be- united to Piedmont. because this
! territory is, iii n strategetical point Of view,
indispensable to her.
! We demand that the Duchess Of Parma
shall be called to Modena;
That Tuscany-augmented perhaps by
portion OF terrltory-shall be restored to the
Grand Duke Ferdinand;
That system of moderate (eage) liberty
shall be adopted in all the States Of Italy;
That Austria shall frankly disengage her
self from an inccSsant cause of embnrrass-
nent for the future, and that she shall CON
sent to complete the nationality OF |enetia,
BY creating not only q separate representa-
ton and administration, but also an Italian
army:
We demand that the fortresses of Mantua
and Peschiera shall be recognised as Federal
fortreSseS;
And, lastly, that Confederation based on
the real wants, ~ well as ON the traditions
of the Peninsula, to the exclusion of every
foreign influence, shall consolidate the fabric
Of the independence of Italy.
! shall neglect nothing for the attainment Of
this great result. Let your Majesty be con-
WINGED of il; my sentiments will not vary,
and so far as the interests Of France are
not opposed to it, | shall always be happy to
serve the cause for which we have combatted
together"
EXECUTION OF }. w. THORNTON Shocking
DEATH. The hangingof. J. w. Thorntonin
st. Louis. has already been noticed briefly
10y telegraph. Thornton, it will be remsm.
bered publicly assassinated and killed Mr.
Joseph Charles, distinguished citizen,
and at the time, narrowly escaped being hung
by mob. He was not harmed, however,
had u fair trial, and on Friday last was strung
up by due course Of law. The Republican
SAYS that the prisoner died hard. At three
o'clock and fourteen minutes, the spring was
touched, the door fell heavily against the
posts supporting the scaffold, and Thornton
descended five feet with n sudden plunge.
which broke his neck For nearly three