Nashville union and American. [volume] (Nashville, Tenn.) 1853-1862, 1859-10-23

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The Crisis in Italy.
The latest European intelligence is that the politi-
cal question in Italy is likely soon to come to a So
lution is asserted that the Conference at Zurich
is about to separate, with simple confirmation OF
the cession Of Lombardy leaving the settlement of
the affairs of Central Italy to future Congress
But in the time, Central Italy is about to settle
its affairs of its own motion. strong circular to
the European courts, recently issued by Sardinia.
insists upon the importance of maintaining a strong
italian kingdom, both as means of checking the
aggressive propensities Of Austria and to tranquil
ize the minds of the people of the Duchies
It's clear, says the New York Ecening Post that
the Italians conceive themselves able to take care of
themselves, and only ask of the other European ma
tions 10 keep their hands Off LOUIS NAPoLEoNs sug-
gestion, which appeared in the columns of the Non
iev not long since, that the Grand Dukes should be
received back by the people, in order to furnish an
opportunity to Austria for aleviating the govern
ment of Veneta, finds little favor with any party 1t
/ deserved no favor. There never has BEEN and is
not new anything in the known policy of the House
of Hapsburg to warrant the hope that any course
the Duchies might pursue would change the course
of Austria in Venetia On the other hand, there is
much to induce the belief that the presence of a
powerful state in Italy would do more for Venetia
than all the probematical concessions of the Empe-
ror of Austria.
| As regards the Grand Duke, it IS sufficient to say
/ CONTINUES the POST that he of Tuscany has been
already four times expelled by his own people for
bad government, and each time restored by foreign
troops; that he has already granted constitution,
and solemnIy sworn to it. and then abrogated it the
first moment that he found himself strong enough TO
do so with impunty. The same charge with less
aggrayation may be brought against him Of Modena.
He is the open and ayowed enemy of the doctrine of
the popular right to choose its own rulers, and
holds his princpality under the treaties of 1885, as
tenant for life; the remainder on his death. vest
! ING directly in the Emperor Of Austria. To ask the
people of the two states to trust once more to the
oaths Of men who have frankly declared many times
that they do not hold themselves bound by engage
ments entered into with their subjects in derogaton
of their preEogative, any more than a traveller by
| promises made to a highwayman in order to save
his life, and who have already broken oaths of pre-:
| cisely the same nature those by which they now
propose to guaranty their liberty the Tuscans Is
asking them to act III defiance of a rule which lies
at the base of all confidence, good faith and even
common prudence in dealings between man and man.
1t is principle of public as well as of common law,
| +Io+o 81
capable of belief on cath The crimen falsi is not
whit less aggravated in a butcher than in a prince
Why ask a whole community to treat it more lightly
in matter touching their own happiness and vel
fare. and those of their children and children
children for generations to come, than any French
court of justice would think of treating it in a con
troversy about an OK ass
Suppose, however, the Dukes were restored. and
suppose they were to dsappoint all Eurore by keep
ing their promises, what reliance is to be placed on
engagements to introduce such reforms into the ad
minstraton of Venice as would afford a material
change in the condition of its unfortunate inhabi
tants. Upon what compulsion will Austria reverse
policy inaugurated fifty years ago. and pursued ever
! since with unequaled pertinency She has not only
violently repressed any attempt at the reOrganiza
tian of her own territories, but she has alway!
made it a sacred and imperative duty to that NJ
reforms were introduced into the Italian states
She has for half a century maintained large stand
ing army in Italy. for the express purpose of pre-
venting anything of the kind. and she has used i
unscrupulously, without ever paying the slightes
attention to the remonstrances of any other powers
She has declared that she would risk a general wal
sooner than Interfere. and in the recent cOrrespOn
dence with the English Cabinet. the Italian ques
ton she has frankly avowed her continued adher
ence to the old doctrine. She is at this moment
rying it out in practice by supplying draughts from
her own forces to assist the Pope and the Duke o
Modcna in making up an army.
Moreover, the experiment of carrying on a des
pOtic and constitutional government side by side
and by the same executive, is one that no one whC
knows anything of Austrian history can ask or ex
pect her to repeat She had to submit to it in Hun
gary for near a century and half, but during thC
whole of that period she never lost an opportunity
of trying to put an end to the anomaly and reduce
the whole of her dominions to the same dead level
Owing to the pertnacious resistance of the Hunga
rians she was not successful until lS4S; but sh
was successful at last and there is nothing of whicl
she has shown herself to be more tenacious thai
of uniformity of administration throughout tn
whole of her dominions The great object of he
ambition is to consolidate her dominions into a unit
ed and homogeneous whole, like France OF Russia
To bestow on Venice what Louis Napoleon expect
her to bestow-a national administration an arm
and separate executive-would be a reversal Of tn
whole policy of the empire. 1t is not to bcexpected
though Francis Joseph swOre to it on all the relic
Of his dominions If the Tuscans cherish any sucl
deIusions. they would afford good proof which thei
enemies would not fail to use against them OF a ere
duItv and simplicity incompatible with selfgoverr
ment.
What. on the other hand, a united, determine
Italian State. with free press and free Parliamen
working out its own destines in the centre of Italy
bidding defiance to the Pope, and Drawing the En-
pcror and aff5rding an asylum to the political ri
furees from all other parts Of the country, can
for Italy. Sardinia has shown 1t is only ten year
since she entered on the career which has culmir
ated in the events which we have this year witness
ed in Italy. Before that time she was as much tn
victim of tyranny and priest craft as Tuscany wa
six months ago, and the case Of LOmbardy was the
far more hopeless than that of Venice now. 81
= has since then by an heroic adherence to the polio
: which Central Italy now proposes to pursu
1 won the respect Of all Europe, secured the a
vice and assistance of its most powerful sta
for the cause of Italian independence, and e
tended the area of freedom to degree whit
none of this generation hoped to witness. With h,
example before them, ofthe advantages to be gains
by defying the Kaiser rejecting the secular ambitit
of the Pope restraining the clergy freeing the pres
and cleaving unto constitution and parliament, it
folly 10 ask the small States to entrust themselv
once more to the tender mercies of Hapsburgs, st
., arts and Bourbons.
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