The Placer herald., 1859-01-01

rule and all will look forward to it, and govern
themselves accordingly. But justice to the peo-
pie OF the several States requires that this rule
should be established by Congress. Each State
is entitled to two senators. and at least one Rep
resentatve in Congress. Should the people of
the States fail to elect vice president the honor
devolves upon the Senate to select this officer
from the two highest candidates on the list. In
case OF the death of the President. the VicePres-
dent thus elected by the Senate becomes Prcsi-
dent of the United States In all questions of
legislation, the senators from the smallest State
in the Union have an equal vote with those from
the largest. The same may be said in regard to
the ratification Of treaties, and Of executive ap-
pOlntments. All this has worked admirably in
practice whilst it conforms in principle with tae
character of Government instituted by sover-
egn States. | presume no American citizen
would desire the slightcs change in the arrange
mcnt. Still, is it not un ust and unequal to the
existing States, to invest some $1,000 or $4,000
people collected in Territory with the atrib-
utes of sovcrei gnty and place them on equal foot
ing with Virginia and New York, in the Senate
OF the United States? For these reasons | earn
estly recommend the passage of Il general Act
which shall provide that, upon the application of
a Territorial Legislature. declaring their belief
that the Territory contains number of inh0bt
itants which in n State would entitle them to
elect member of Congress, ii should be the duty
OF the Presidant to cause a census of the inhab-
| !
the terms of this Act to authorize them to proceed
lin their own way" to frame State Constitution
preparatory to admission into the Union. | also
recommend, that an appropriation may be made
to enable the President to take a census OF the
people of Kansas"
The President then reviews the Mormon diff
culties in Utah, and expresses satisfaction at the
peaceful solution of that troublesome question
speaks of the treaty effected with China, and also
of new one with Japan. The searching of Am
erican vessels by British cruisers, which for time
threatened the peace Of the United States and
Great britain, wns disavowcd by the British Gov
ernment and oil claims of searching vessels in
time of peace has been abandoned by that power.
The negotiations upon the Bulwcr Clayton
treaty. with its bearing upon Central American
affairs are still pending.
Our relations with the Governments of Europe.
with the exceptions of Spain. continue OF the most
friendly character but that Government has so
far failed to pay any indemnity due from it to
American citizens.
The President tavors the acquisition of Cuba by
purchase, and not otherwise unless the United
States is forced to it under the imperative and
over-ruling law of spt-preservation. He believes
the only way to etcctualy prevent the slave trade
between Africa and that Island, is by its acqusi-
tion to the United States.
All official communication has been suspended
with the Government holding the capital OF McXi.
co, and the President is only restrained from ad-
|
that country. tor outrages committed upon Amcri-
can citizens, by the hope that the Constitutional
| party VIII soon obtain complete power and be
guided by spirit OF Justice. AS it Is on account
of the insutiiciency of the Governments OF North
crn Mexico. the President recommends that United
States extend Il temporary protectoratc over them,
in order to protect American citizens and property
on our southern borders.
The transit of the Nicaragua 18th anG the
President claims should be free to the commerce
OF the world, which should not be jeopal died by
the civil wars that take place in that u happy re-
| gion." lie says the United States :" would not. II
they could, derive any advantage from the Mica
ragua transit not common to the rest of the world.
| Its neutrality and protection tor the common use
of all nations is their only ol jcct. They have no
objection that Nicaragua shall demand and re-
ceive q fair compensation from the companies and
individuals who may traverse the route Lut they
insist that it shall never hereafter be closed by
any arbitrary decree OF that Government If dis
pules arise between it aud those with whom they
may have entered into contracts. they must bG
adjusted by some fair tribunal convened for the
purpose, and the route must not be closed pend
ing the controversy. This is whole policy,
and it cannot fail to be acceptable to other
nations" The same views apply to the lsthmus
| transts OF Panama and Tchuantepec.
| The treaty with New Granada, to do away with
existing difficulties with that country, will be
submitted to the Senate.
cable footing, and large and increasing COM
mcrce is carried on between the two countries.
The Paraguay inbroylio the President hopes
may be peaceably adjusted, although a naval
force has been dispatched to enforce the just de-
mands Of the United States if necessary.
| The passage of Il uniform bankrupt law appli-
cable to bankrupt banking institutions, is again
recommended.
A modification of the tariff and the levying of
specific duties are suggested for the increase of
revenues of the Government
The report of the Secretary of the Treasury
will explain, in detail, the operations of his De-
partment of the Government The receipts into
the Treasury from all sources, during the fiscal
year ending June 30h, 1858, including the Treas
ury notes authorized by the Act Of December 23d
1857, were S70,273,SG9 so, which amount, with
the balance of Sl7,7l0,ll4 n remaining in the
Treasury at the commencement OF the year, made
an aggregate for the service of the year OF $751;
9S3,9SS Sc. The public expenditures during the
fiscal year ending June 30th, 1858, amounted to
| $Sl l,5e5,697 76 of which S9.6S4,537 SO were ap-
piled to the payment of the public debt and the
redemption OF Treasury notes, with interest there
on, leaving in the Treasury July lst, 1858, be-
ing the commencement Of the present fiscal year
S6,S9S,316 10. The receipts into the Treasury
during the first quarter of the present fiscal year
commencing July lst, 1858, including onchalf
the loan of $l2,O00,0O0, with the premium on it
authorize1b by the Act of l4th OF June, 1873 were
| S25,230,S79 46 and the estimated receipts 1or the
remaining three quarters to June 3Oth, ls59, from
ordinary resources, are S3S 800 500, making with
balance before stated, an aggregate OF S'0,lZ9,-
1875 &C. The expenditures during the first quar-
ter of the present fiscal year were s2l7O7 1913 81
of which $l,0l0,l l42 81 were applied 10 the pay
ment of the public debt and the redemption of
Treasury notes and the interest thereon. The
estimated expenditures during the remaining
three quarters, ending Jane 30th, 1859. are S52,-
600 1913 4s, making aggregate of S74,OG5.s96
&c. being an excess of expenditure beyond the
estimated receipts into the Treasury, from ordi
nary sources during the fiscal year to the 3Oth of
June, 1859, of S3,9S5,7Ol 43. Extraordinary