The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1859-07-26

gesHme Of Events from the Goth Of April, when
The Austrian Army Crossed the Ticine, to
the llth Of July, Wien ihe rraaiy Of
rrace was Signed al Yiilafranca.
Declarations of War---MaHiieSt0es Of
France. Sardinia and Austria.
Battles Of Monticello, Magenta and Sol
feIino, and the Fights Of Pa
lestIo, Meiegnano, &c.
The AnStTianS Driven Out of LOmbardy
Into the Square of FortrcSseS.
THE ABMISflCE AND The PEACE
THE POPE'S PRESIDENCY,
no., TO-, DO

no., DO, DO
The war which for the last three months or more nag
been wsged on the pans Of italy ms had tue entire
world for spectators. had fallen to lot Of the
present generation 10 have before wlns ssed CON
act that enlisted such universal interest. rne symps-
thes Of all friends Of haG,an progress the c,use
which was represented by Ffaa,e aud Sardinia: the
feelings Of the Catho c world geseray, and the fears
Of pations to whom the Formidable military steeagh OF
France 10 q perpetual menace and soarse Of alarm,
srayed on the side Of tho Ausrians symp sthes which,
DOT those which existed for Italv, leaH
served TO make equilibrium In the public sentiment OF
mankind in regard 70 shs result Of tns war.
In the tied States the popular feeling WAS as might
have been expected almost enurey the Of those
who fought TOR Italian Independence but In Europe,
where the representation Of hoary regarded az
absolutely necessary to prevent the overthrow Of society,"
was not TO- But thus, from opposite stand points
world looked brssthessy 1t the mighty conflict and
that is at eud-pow that the lately hostile armies
are encamped in peaceful proximity 70 each other and
that the Of the dread artillery hushed- 70
breathe more freely. ct such moment particularly
that seems appropriate to look back and trace the
events Of the brief but decisive campaign which opened
the banks Of the cno the 2sh Of April closed
those Of the Ancio on the 18th OF July.
WHAT LED TO THE WAR.
We viii not tax the patience Of readers recount
rg the history of which led to this memorable
COL ict 1t is enough to that for periot Of many
years the relations Of Austria aud sardz we're Of the
most unfrendy nature. Austria having placed by
the treaty Of Vienna in position winch gave her dam
eerous peponderance in Italy, awaited hereof OF tina. un-
wise act Of diplomacy extend her power by secret
et ties with The various kingdoms, paes duchies
aud states Of the uo she hal eumeshed aud
brought unter her power and Influence every spot CT
Italy rave that which constituted the kingdom OF Sardinia
| There her influence ceased; her power defei.
Diplomatic relations Rad been broken off between the
governments The attention Of Europe called to the
threatening position which they wards each
other 1t was evident that a. any single indis
oretoD on either side might precpitae COLLISION which
might embrol all Europe. Austria confident in her
immense military strength Sardinia equally conf
dent in the Consciousness that she had powerful ally in
France, which was not, for its own part, on q very
friendly footing with Austria. And the German and
the Italian continued to provoke cash other By mutual
diplomatic insults and by ostentstous preparations
Tor war The other Powers OF Europe tried 10 vain
to reconcile them. Bases OF sonclliation were
proposed from time TO time by France oy England and by
Russia Congress was proposed ami agreed TO by ali
pares the purpose especially Of revising the secret
treaties existTg between Austri and the minor Italian
Powere BY whth the former had right OF garrison and
Of Venus. was on the preliminary details Of this Con-
grets that the negotiations failed. 1t Of course con-
tempased BY all the Powers that Sardinia should be
represented at the sittnes Of the Cougress but
Austria evnced an unconquerabe repugnance The pro.
positions which England fol INFLATED were:-
First erectuate previous TO the Congress general
and Simultaneous disarmsmen
SeoOnd-The duaI maDent 70 be regulated by military
or civil commssion, independently or Congress- aud this
CON mission 10 Dc composed OF six commissioners, one Of
whom sbal be q Sandman.
rhird-As econ the commission shall have COM
menced operations the Congress snail assemble and pro-
csei 10 oiscuss the political question.
Fourth bat the representatives. of the italian States
sbsl be invited Immediately after the assembling Of the
the great Powers absolutely As at the Congress of lay
baC b in 1921
France Russia and Prussia deemed these propositions
reasonable and fair and acceded them; SO with
Austria She obstmstey refused assent to Them and
while The matter was still pending, she sent the 2st
Of April, a meracpg ultmatum TO Sardinia, demanding
her disarmament. and the dsbandment OF her volunteers
from the other Italian States Three day given her
in which reply and Of refusal Austria threatened
to declare war.
or course such insolent demand met by Sardinia
with the indignation defiance which was entitled
The EDgsh government protested Cabinet Wen
Ia against ercb menace Victor Emanuel, who had
been invested with supreme powers by hts Parliament,
te)egraphed 70 Louis Napoleon and Immediately the
extensive preparations made to transfer French
simy into Italy One portion embarked at rouon,
destined for Genoa, and the other sent the
Alps into Italy
CROSSING THE TICINo.
Austrias threat was not Il vain one. The three days
allowed in the utmatum having elapsed, aud Sardinia
having sigpied her assent TO the modest demand,
the army 2ph Of April crossed tbs ncno
into the Sandman territory, the number of 10000
m mpp were *
Hungarian General Benedek $4,000 under in, command
of Count Gyula and so 900 the command Of Gen
Zobel They crossed 1t three points, Vvga1o BhAora
and Gravelopa and directed their route speafeA"y
rurin the Pedmon,ese capital Tney, however ala moi
advance further than vercei, which, with Aroaa, NO
vara and uortara they occupied The sadhians fsureo
before the invaders, and fell back upon A'esSAoufh.
THE AUSTRIAN DECLARATION OF WAR.
The subio,ued manifesto vas pudishei in the Vienna
zno of aprl 29--he day on whisn hosiihes we're CON-
menced and was extensively placardee throughout the
streets Of thst capital
IMPERIAL MANIFESTO
To NY PEoPIE-1 have ordered my faithful and gallant
army put stop TO tho niIncs acts which for q series
If years been committed boring State of
against the ipdspuable rights OF my crown and
ssast the ineSfy CT the reatm placed b. lod ator
my care when acs have lately aaineo the very highest
po'nt By 60 doing have fulfilled .,e painful but
voioab'e duty OF sovereign. NY conscience being at
res,, can isoS uR 70 an omnipo.ep, sod ard p.enty
n"eie hS nWaIu. VIII leaV3 NY uScsSn 70
the impartial judgment Of cotmpo, aneous ami future
gtnerstons or the appreciation Of my faithful subjects
am sure. More thsn ten years ego the s.me ensny--
violating international Law and ussses OK and
Hhout aIy oGeDce being given entered the Lombardo-
veIesian territory with the intention of acquiring peses
On OF it Although The enemy was twice totsiy defeat
&c ny eaput army and at the mercy OF toe VICTOR
behaved generously, and proposed reconciliation. did
20, sptfoprise 70 sell incn OF DIS territory, en-
efofcted gbt which belongs TO the Crown OF Sar
ana as one OF the members OF the European fsfny OK
pattDs. icssted guarantees sgains the recur-