The daily exchange. [volume] (Baltimore, Md.) 1858-1861, 1859-06-28

| alliance which had driven Napoleon to ST. Helena,
and which had recast the map of Europe set itself
also vigorously to repress all popular institutions,
to crush freedom of speech and act and to establish
despotism in every country that would submit
to it. This was that ''Holy Alliance" which has
| been the object of merited obloauy which had
Metternich for its presiding genius, and which for
time even contrived to obtain, ifnot the active
assistance, at all events the tacit acquiescence OF
| the English Ministry, under Castlereagh. 1t was
not until Canning assumed the direction of the For
eign Office, in 1922, that this miserable compliance
| with blind despotsm was changed into indignant
| protest against it.
England stood alone in Europe as the champion
OF constitutional liberty: everywhere else the coup-
sells of Metternich were pre-eminent-the system of
| "Thorough'' were being rapidly developed. The
blindness with which Metternich pursued this sys-
TEN, and strenuously opposed everything like popu-
lar rising, was soon apparent in the events which
| occurred in the Greek war of independence
| While England had a natural sympathy in the
dawning liberties of Greece, Austria evidently had
none: But another great despotic Power had
| Russia rejoiced in the growing independence of
Greece, because it implied the exhaustion of Tur-
Key. Hence in the struggle which ensued, Austria
remained neutral and listless, while Russia stepped
in established an ascendancy in Moldavia and Wal
lachia by the treaty of Adrianople became master
| of the mouth of the Danube, the great Austrian
| river, and, in short, took up position between
Hungary and the Black Sea which was of the ut
most danger to the Austrian power.
If for moment there had been awakened feel
1'Ni~N VI
signs, 1T would have been crushed by the events
which very rapidly followed beginning with the
French revolution of 1880. "Al is lostp was the
exclamation of Francis, when in the groves of Lax
enburg he heard of the elevation of the Citizen King
to the Thrones and the intimacy of the three No rth
ern Courts became closer than ever. But Meter
mich early penetrated the character of Louis Phil
ippe; saw that his influence would not be exerted in
direct opposition to that of Austrian and in the
meantime sent troops to Italy to crush every symp
tom Unpopular liberty, while throughout the lesser
! StatnS ha hro1i tba yrbn 80
his power into play for the end-the repression
Unpopular aspirations and the destruction of nation
! al independence. The game which he thus played
has not been very successful but least of all has
| been successful in the empire the affairs of which
| Metternich himself administered Composed o.
heterogeneous races, the Chancellor of the Empire
was utterly unable to weld them into a unity, and
| he was not capable even of uprooting a deep dis
affection which is the natural result of baled hopes
| and wasted energies
The day of retribution came. In 1S47 Cardina
| Ferretti assembled the papal throne Pho Mono ha
| since proved of what metal he is made and we d,
not stay to criticise his conduct. But his profes
sons on assuming the tiara it is well known aroused
all Italy, called forth the cry of national ndepend
ence, and effectually shook the Austrian infuenc,
! throughout the Peninsula Then came the thirC
| French revolution, that overturned for the tim,
| half the thrones of Europe. At Vienna, too, thu
| shock was felt. The Government fell in spite of thu
resistance of Metternich, who maintained his Stat
policy to the last. A deputation of citizens mad
their complaints to the Archduke John, who calme,
them by promising, first of ALL the resignation o
the Chancellor. Out came the Prince Metternicl
| from the next room where the Ministers had assem-
bled to deliberate and with all the tenacty of ar
| the tenacity of Minister who had directed th
affairs of the Empire for some 40 years-exclaimed
81 will not resign, gentlemen, will not resign"
| Archduke John, without replying to the Chan
cellor, simply repeated his statement, 81 have al
ready told you, Prince Metternich resigns" "What
is this the return get for my so years service p
he said, and the next day he left the city with al
escort of cavalry. He came to England, and here
renamed tiii the old state of things began to re
at Vienna, but in the autumn of that year he made
sort of Royal progress to his palace in the Rem
veg. The old man was never again asked to under
take the cares of office He held such position il
society as the Duke of Wellington in his latter day
held in this country; and his advice often takeI
in affairs of State, but really his power was gone
and many among us, perhaps, may be surprised t.
learn that the renowned statesman has lived unit
| now."
Thus, in view almost of the smoke of the battle
field, where the despotsm of Austria lies bleeding
the great Apostle of that despotsm closes his ewes
in death, and the world outside of Austria has n,
| tear for his memory.
THE BATTLE OF MALEGNANo.
! Private letters have been received from Milan tc
the 9th inst. respecting the battle of Maegnano:
| On the arrival of an Austrian division from Pa
| via the fight began, at mid day. The enemy was
strongly cnrenched in the cemetery and in a farm
| house. Our (French) troops, under General Lad
mirault, attacked these positions. Our left wins
took the chateau, and then fell upon the village
The Austrians being outfanked, Withdrew, anC
barricaded themselves in the private houses TIL,
| LOuayes sustained murderOus hand to hand con
fict, and drove out the enemy. The right wing o
| our army under Gen. Forey, not required t.
assist in the battle. Colonel Paulze Ivoi was killed
| and 400 Iouaves were put hors dt combat.
The Austrians, who were 10000 strong, suffered
loss of l,5OO killed and wounded, and | 200 pris
oners. The battle lasted nine hours. At clever
2. NJ. a battalion of Hungarians and Croats, in
tending to surprise the village, surrounded ant
defeated.
The following has been posted at the Pari
Bourse:
| THE MAJOR GENERAL TO HIS EXCELLENCY THE MINIS
TER OF WAR AT PARIS.
| MILAN, June 9.-After the victory of Magent
the Austrians hastily evacuated Milan. leaving il
the citadel forty-one bronze guns and abundance o
| stores and ammunition, and they retreated on Lo
di and Pavia. On the Sth the Emperor gave or
ders to Marshal paraguay d'fIilliers to occupy thu
| position of Malegnano (Marignnno) whence W,
could menace at once the two lines by which thu
enemy retreating, but the Austrians, who haC
understood all the Importance of Malegnano t.
cover their retreat had availed themselves of the
small part of the Notifications of that town tina
remain standing, and had strongly entrenchet
themselves there. Marshal paraguay dEIillier:
who arrived at four O'Clock before the position, haC
it Immediately attacked in front by the divisions
! Generals BaZane and Ladmirault, whilst the dvis
| ion of General FOrey was ordered to turn it. The
|
the most energetic resistance to the efforts of
soldiers. At last, driven from every entrench
ment and from house to house, at the point of the
bayonet, the Austrians retired about seven O'Clock
| leaving the ground encumbered with cOrpses, anC
leaving in our hands one gun and about thousand
| prisoners. SO great success could not be bu
dearly purchased. We have so officers and 500
men hors dm combat We learn this instant that the
Austrians have evacuated Pavia and Lodi, anC
crossed the AIDA, destroying the bridges behint
! them.
! THE ALLIES IN MILAN-THEIR Observation-Disclosures
| PROCLAMATION OF NAPOLEON.
You jumped out of the carriage, and few step:
| Drought you into another world: from the sight o.
misery to that of happiness from pale faces to radi
ent ones, from shrieks of misery to cries of joy anG
exultation, from a few wretched suffering men, tc
people mad with joy, from railway train full o.
mangled specimens of humanity to a large town in
its best holiday attire the windows decorated with
carpets and tricolors French and Italian, the balco
nies filled with the fair, greeting every new uniform
as passed, and throwing flowers upon all soldiers
without distinctions the streets crowded with people
hurrahing and clapping their hands at every soldier
or officer, all decorated with the Italian tricolor
and the French blue in the back ground. Among
the mass you could see the French troopers, every
| one accompanied by several towns-people, and
carried about in triumph full of the new
guests and their entertainers; civilians with the tr
| color in the buttonhole, musket on the shoulder
and a paper stuck in the hat; on which printed
"Ordtne Sicurezzd." These were the new Munich
| pal or National Guard of volunteers, who were
| armed with the muskets found in the citadel, and
| kept by the police since. m
| In one word, Milan was rejoicing at the retreat
of the Austrians and the entry of the French which
! had taken place that morning. The corps of the
Due de Magenta, the victors of the battle of Ma
| genta, had entered Milan.
| Unlike the revolution of 1S48, when the fight
lasted five days, this time the Austrians evacuated
| the place in the silence of night. With the expe-
| rience of lS4S before them and the Allies behind
| them the Austrians well knew that Milan was un-
tenable, and several days ago l heard of the
| officers who had been taken in the battle of Ma
| genta say that revolution at Milan was expected
even before they had left. The victory of the AL
lies made this superfiuous, and the Austrians took
the wise step of abandoning the disaffected town.
Even before the news of the defeat of the Ausrians
penetrated through other the aspect of the
Austrians coming back from the front showed
thing was wrong. They had considerably changed
their attitude OF masters, and from the great
movement among them it could be seen that they
were preparing for their retreat. They, indeed
still promenade the seven Zouaves whom they had
taken during the fight, but they came in at one
gate, and passing through the citadel, went out at
the other. The podesta of the town went with
them; he was too unpopular person to remain.
In the morning, when it became clear that the
Austrians had left, the Municipal Council assumed
the direction of affairs, and took measures to pre-
vent disorder, which otherwise might have arisen.
Three thousand muskets were distributed among
the more respectable part of the youth, who guard
ed all the public buildings, and patroled the town to
maintain tranquility and good humor; not the
prevent disorder These measures were sufficient to
slightest excess has occurred. In the beginning
| the mob thinking of 1S4S, began to tear up the
pavement in places to make barricades. This was
4 eNA ..x,. 1.akz L l.