davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Wheeling daily intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, Va. [W. Va.]) 1852-1859, 1859-06-20

g"4u ancient E'0rmint.-Twcnty-se
...sr. AFRO Robert Patterson found upon what is
Jaw ,be farm of Mr.. Beck, lying on Cnssclman's
Pam, between bethany and West Alexander,
,.na tcrrapiu lie cut his name upon its shell
and the date, ard dropped it down again Thir-
' ,san years afterwards John Beck found the old
f.IIow doubled up near the spot. Hc also cut
his name and the date under that of Mr.. Patter-
san and turned the tortoise loose. Last week
Fletcher BecI; found the old thing again, within
hundred feet of where it was seen seventeen
years ago. and performed similar operation
mon its back. Mr.. John Beck, who called upon
ms Yesterday, says the terrapin had not altered
in appcarancc in size in the whole twenty-seven
wears, aud it is, of course, impossible to tell
bow old it was when the boy Patterson first
carved his name upon its shell. lie may have
.r,iSc,l about in Noah's AK for all any one can
tell. Anyhow, the tcrrapin is long lived,
strange sort of a varmint, that hides himself in
winter aud doubles himself up in summer so as
to look more like small pumpkin than any
thing else.
Wheeling daily intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, Va. [W. Va.]) 1852-1859, 1859-06-20
by TIELEGIaApI

New YoRE, June 1s.-Cotton quie sales 800 bales.-
Flour decnedi sales 0O bills Wheat heavy; 2nUU hush
solo; western white $56 Corn heavy, Is Pork
heHVy prime $14, 14+5. Lard declined &c; sales
1"zs9li Sugar irtn New Orleans G.GAl Hoes steady
BALTIMORE June ls-Four quiet ut e. Wheat unchang.
cd, sales unimpVrtant. Co:n duh S24S3 white
S0s2 for yellow Provisions steady Bacon, sales ~
Whisky dali at 2Sc.
CKcNXATt, June 1s.-IEoders OF Flour exhibit better
feeling todsy but prices unchanRe: $Gr5eG0 % for
perinG. Wheat is In demand yesterdays
lions. Oats $500. Barley steady CO9G8. M
ton i'll Corn Whisky dull at 2; Provisions elicit greater
interest. bacon and Lard enluire for Souces nomuay
unchanged Nothing new in the Exchange Money
kets.
PHILADELPHIA, June 1s.There is speculative demand
Flour, the sales being confined the the trade,
At 5GlgI for supe line, 81 nI31H for extras and
81 5as 81 for extra family and fancy Rye Flour and
Corn Meal quiet ut 5U for the former and ~ for the lat
Wheat iii limited request and there is little coming
sales of $50 bust red at B,7Wa and white Sw1Bl So
yU is in cInAnd sale made 95c, which Is adj
Fifty bushels BucKwlear sold at 81 rs. Corn not
abundant; 300 BUSH Penna yellow sold ut SIC, aoat
Oats dun at 4Ga49 Whisky in limited demand at 2GGs2Sc.
Wheeling daily intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, Va. [W. Va.]) 1852-1859, 1859-06-20

18F Whipping a School CAiAL-A teacher
in the Catholic School, named Gallagher, on
Friday last, whipped son of Mrs. Lamb, who
lives in East Wheeling, so severely that the
child was taken with spasns the same evening,
and fears were entertained for its life. 1t is
also alleged that the little fellows clothes were
glued to his back when he went home, by the
blood that flowed from his wounds A warrant
was issued for Gallagher'S arrest.
Wheeling daily intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, Va. [W. Va.]) 1852-1859, 1859-06-20

Rsg-H Hunting His N0ie.-0n Saturday a
man rushed into Aid Wrishts office and said
he desired to sue nonresident on note
which he had in his possession. a process was
issued and properly served upon the non-resi,
dent, WHO found ndmring the signs and
other objects Of attraction along Main street.
lie was taken to the Aldermans office, where
he encountered his creditor, and the fist thing
he did was TO demand sight at the note upon
which he had been deprived of liberty and the
pursuit Of happiness The creditor felt in his
pockets for the note, but could not find it, and
requested the officers 10 keep the man in charge
until he could institute general hunt. AS this
was not exactly in ''accordance with Gunter, -
the officers declined, whcrcupon our creditor
took Charge Of the nonresident himself, and at
last accounts the two were rushing through the
streets hunting for the note the latter revelling
in hlissfal ignorance of his liberty to go just
when he pleased.
Wheeling daily intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, Va. [W. Va.]) 1852-1859, 1859-06-20

New YOnk, June IS.-Thc great E.ady's skirt
case, in the u S. District Court, terminated to-
day in favor OF the patents Of Osborne and
Vincent, of New York, for extension skirts, and
sustaining the validity thereof The decision
was made by Judge lngersol
The Superior Court to day denied the appeal
Tor new trial of the defendant in the libel suit
Of Edward p. Fry against BENNETT, Edit"r Of the
HcraM The verdict against the defendant III
the lower Court WAS $1,000.
A dispatch from Dunkirk says tliis morning
the bodies OF Martin Sautcr, his wife and child
were discovered in an upper chamber of their
house, all with their thrUats cut and dead The
decd is supposed have been committed by
Sautcr himself, who bad not lived tnppily with
his wife. Sauter kept emigramL boarding
house.
Wheeling daily intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, Va. [W. Va.]) 1852-1859, 1859-06-20


New YORK, June lS.-Thc preliminary
animation was commenced yesterday in the
case OF the SLAYER bark Orion, recently brought
to this port. The testimony of LieutenantS
Dallas and Campbell were taken. Lieut. Dallas
stated that Capt. Hanna admitted tU him that
he was employed to take the Orion Ia the coast
of AfIicn, where lie was to transfer the charge
of the vessel, which thereafter tn hc emf
ployed in the slave trade. The prisoners under
examination were Danl Morgan, LIST mate, and
twelve of the crew. The evidence to the
character Of the vessel was somewhat minute,
but the Commissioner held that it was INSULT
cieut to hold the accused, and they were accord
nsly discharged.
The two Roman Catholic clergymen, Hay
man and Camps, who recently attacked the
authority of Bishop Hughes, publish cards in
to days HerHid, revoking and rctractinS what
ever they have said on this subject that was
either conflicting To the truth, dSSonant with
the faith and discipline of the church, or often
sive to the person aud der"gatorY To the sacred
dignity of the Archbishop They heartily re-
pent of the same, aud humbly ask the prayers,
pardon and indulgence of the Archbishop III
particular, and nil of those in general to whom
they may have given any scandal or OtlrnSc.
Capt McAImund and Mr.. MiSengineer, with
seven suborinatcs. and all the necessary mate
rails for repairs, &c., went out yesterday To hey
West To take the steamer Scottish Chief tn
Nicaragua. She is intended for navigating the
tElHer Juan.
On the 10th inst, by the North Star, the
Joiner, Captain and Engineer Of the lake steam
or Cass Yrissarri, went out to take charge of
the Cass-IrisSarri and put her in order for
service.
It's said that Mr. johnson has arranged with
IA large steamship owner for the service between
New York and San Juan, and also with n
Southern steamship owner for the service be-
tween New Orleans and Key West.
Two parcels of Pixies Peak gold, aSSayeIl at
New York, yielded as follows: Omc CONSIST ing
of shot and scale gold taken from the mountains
near Denver City, was worth *i,7Sa ia c"in.-
Another from South Platte River, WAS worth
81 1851 in coin.
Paul Morphy will proceed next week TO Phil
adrlphia, on visit tn the -Athcmcutn club, after
which he will stOrt for New Orleans via GiHcim-
natl, ST. Louis aud other cities. MIR. MUrphy
visited the rooms of the brooklyn Chess Club
Il night or two since and played tSo games with
Mr.. ii. ii. Knatt and one with witl Alr. Nor
asle in each game Mr.. III. gave the odds OF "a
Queens Knight nnd the victor.
In the race which cntne I'll yesterday alter
noon on the Fashion course, between Tar
River" and BILL "Chcitham," the former won
the match, for 5000, in Two straight heats of
three miles each time FIRST heat, III. ID! sec;
second heat, 6 IN. II! see.
The ship Bolton, OF Bath, Me, hound 10 st.
Johns, was wrecked on the lGth near MacheaS.
Fifteen persons were drowned, including the
Captain and his daughter.
Wheeling daily intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, Va. [W. Va.]) 1852-1859, 1859-06-20
COMMERCIAL.
WuOLESALII MAIiKE '

WHOLESALE MARKET.
ERooMS-Cummon &I1a 49 ~.
RUrTER-ln kegs IL.
BUCKETS-AIarietta 8PGB2,2b.
CHEESE-Western Reserve 9S';
CA.bLRs-TAlUw mould II; dip 49, star 49, Sperm 40.
UoFFER-Java lSC; Rio l21{ oils.
PL9gnNovslty Family $S75; Novelty Extra $s,20, Extra
Wn&AT-l to l4U,.
RTE-9O.
COkS-S5.
RAkLEY-55.
OATS-45.
FEArHrt.s-4OalI5e. scarce.
gian-S,lal sll isrEnrs Sc; MacLerelNO, s1gtO leK
PuRS-RacCNUn 3DGSTLc.
GIHsANG-5J9sGO
MAY-Coysr = ton 5000; Timothy &loNO
lIOPS--ItgS, dull.
LIME-Louisviile so
MotASSES-NGw Orleans 10 Sugar House I5c.
GOLDEN SYRUP-5o
NAVAL SroRWS--Turpentine 20; tar $4J(GD5I
NAILs-34 for iUd.
KAGs-:'g31S, dull.
RICE-515cds6.
SgEps--FIaxseed 1875; Glover 53<.
SOAP-Casti!c III 1916; common 5SE6.
SUGARS-Ssw Orleans Kos hid. SaES}& in Dbl,
SSUFF-ScOtch 81; Rapi,ee ~ dg26.
PEA-Gunrowder 4na1: Imperial 4HGDG5 Tyson 3597Oc;
Pouching 25L3uc; ouuug S5@g75c.
TuDACCO-6 twists l2; five roll 246EGS
WOOL-UnwASllcI from Is to 22 Common washed 25 to
80; Full blood extra 40 to 10.
Wheeling daily intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, Va. [W. Va.]) 1852-1859, 1859-06-20
je1S-1w

ea1- To Dealers in city and Count,y.-Those
who desire to buy goods on the most favorable
terms, will do well to call on L. II. Logan 4 Co.,
Wholesale Druggists, No. AZ Main ST.
Their stock is full and complete, embracing
Medicines, Drugs, Paints, Oils NarniShcs, Dye
stnlfs, Grocers' Drugs, Notions, Perrumerics,
&c. They respectfully invite call from cash
and prompt customers, to whom they will en-
lcavor to give satisfaction in goods and prices.
They are also General Agents for DIR. Todd's
Liver Pills, Brentlinger's Fluid Extract Dande-
lion and sarsaparilla, and DIR. Chapman's lIoar
hound Balsam.
Wheeling daily intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, Va. [W. Va.]) 1852-1859, 1859-06-20
BUSINESS NOTICES.

s7y-N e'o Goods.-The undersigned has just
received more of those very fine pictures and
oval frames, besides which he has also received
general assortment of goods, such as Port,
monnies, SatchcIs, Music Books, French and
German Accordians, Flutnas, Fans, Umbrellas,
Coats Spool Cotton, French Working do, Hooks
and Eyes, Soaps and Pcrfumcrics of finest kind,
Cloth Pins, Backing and Pocket Cutlery; also,
some Catholic Prayer Books and Bibles Any
one not having bought anything in his store for
the last few weeks will find great difference
in his prices, as he sells now, no matter how
little person may buy, at wholesale prices.
P. LEcmER,
je1S-1w No. s Washington Hall.
Wheeling daily intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, Va. [W. Va.]) 1852-1859, 1859-06-20

sr. GATHERINGS, e. W., June lstIi.-The cm-
bankment between Locks No. %, % and 81, on
the Weliantl Canal, has been washed away by
the force of the water from the break at Lock
No 81. 1t is feared that fifteen or twenty days
will be required tn repair harnnge to the Canal.
Twenty vessels are detained in the Canal.
Wheeling daily intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, Va. [W. Va.]) 1852-1859, 1859-06-20

E5W- We refer the reader to the advertisement
of Messrs. Reed & Kraft, in to-day's paper
They have neat and we'll arranged store, in
which all the best drugs arc constantly kept
and criptionsEcomponndcd with :grcat care
and accuracy. Their fountain still flows for
the oppressed aud thirsty public
Wheeling daily intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, Va. [W. Va.]) 1852-1859, 1859-06-20

gsY- Honey F0und.-The men engaged in
digging the cellar for the new house that is to
be erected on the corner of Monroe and Main
Streets found on Saturday about $40 in coun-
terleit coin, embedded in the earth.
Wheeling daily intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, Va. [W. Va.]) 1852-1859, 1859-06-20

az Vickhnn1'x Reconsideration is invited
to tl;e sales of Rich Silver Plated Ware Ivory
Handled Table Cutlery and Gold Jpwelry, an
"ou"ced for Wednesday evening next and sub.
sequent evenings See advertisement.
Wheeling daily intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, Va. [W. Va.]) 1852-1859, 1859-06-20

s8g~ Pick Pockets -46out.-On Saturday NOR
ming the light fingered gentry made good
haul. The attendance was unusually large in
the market house, and the pushing and crowd
ing xas brisk The profession were moving
about busy enough. Mr.. Merriam, of Market
street, lost $40, German tavern keeper of
Ritcmetown, lost $50, and several ladies were
sufferers to smaller amounts. These villainous
raseals arrange their business we'll. They come
when least expected and do their work in such
hurried manner that nothing is known until
too late
Wheeling daily intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, Va. [W. Va.]) 1852-1859, 1859-06-20

G=5~ Urat,c-Mr. and Mrs. Allen, made their
last appearance on Saturday night, in the
''Three Fast Men," to a full house. This piece
las had a most successful run and it has been
well and delightfully."- performed.
To night two fine pieces will be put up, the
dropping Well at Knarcsborough" and, by
particular request, "Our American Cousin. I"
Mrs. Henri, Mr.: Keeblc, AIr, ScalIan and the
whole Star Company, will appear. Those who
have not seen "Our American Cousin" should
80 by all means. 1t is full of interest and gen.
uine humor.
Wheeling daily intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, Va. [W. Va.]) 1852-1859, 1859-06-20

NEW York, June 1s-'Thc steamship Ariel
for Southampton and Bremen, took out 60 pas
Sengers and nearly one million in specie. The
City of Washington takes out $50 passengers
and half n million in specie
Wheeling daily intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, Va. [W. Va.]) 1852-1859, 1859-06-20

ST.. LOUIS, June lS-River risen 12 inches
at this point the last u hours, still swelling.
Nothing new from upper streams. Weather
warm and shOWerY.
Wheeling daily intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, Va. [W. Va.]) 1852-1859, 1859-06-20
LOCAL MATTE RS.

eza-Tta Cents a UeeG.-The Intslligencer is
t,rnish.l to sn oscribers in any part of the city
:. ueichborlood at ten cents a week.
Wheeling daily intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, Va. [W. Va.]) 1852-1859, 1859-06-20

News unimportant Three companies of troops
were met mt Cottonwood, cnr"mtc to establish
a post al the crossing OF the Arkansas.
Wheeling daily intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, Va. [W. Va.]) 1852-1859, 1859-06-20

Look to Your Pooales.-Ptople who
pride themselves in the possession of King
Charles spaniels, Italian grcyhounds and poo
dies, will do well to remember the peri!s of
bydrophobia- The big mastitf and generous
Newtouudlander are not subject to this disease,
and rarely take it; while in nine out of ten in
stances hydrophobia is communicated by just
those Insignificant and snarling quadrupcds
which 50 many families are in the habit of cher
fishing as pets for children. The risk in keeping
such animals is very great, as hydrophobia may
he latent in them before the slightest external
symptom of it is manifested A cur to all APP
pearance in perfect health, may iuAict bites ter
minating in hydrophobia on the victim, before
the animal itself shows the first indication OF
rabidity
Wheeling daily intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, Va. [W. Va.]) 1852-1859, 1859-06-20
GROVER & ER'S
ClGLIIBEAI'lLD
FAMILY SEWING MACHINES,

1875 Broadway, New 9ork.
ew-A NEwsrYLE-Prices from $50 to 1925, hemmcrs
So extra.
THIS machine sews spools, purchased
store requiring rewinding Of thread 1t Hens, Fcs,
Gathers, Stitches in superior style finishing each
by operation, without to the hand
needle required by machines. 1t will do better
cheaper sewing seamstress IL She works
for one cent hour. SEND A CIRCULAL
j. r. SCOTT, Agent,
je9-d tw&wl3w# 1871, Main Street, Wheeling.
Wheeling daily intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, Va. [W. Va.]) 1852-1859, 1859-06-20

c4y- attempt to Escape from the Jail-On
Friday night fellow by the name of Chaplne,
confined in our Jail for committing an as
s,ult upon an officer, made a dcsperatcEat-
tempt to escape He set the water to flowing
from she bydrant in his cell, and then, preten
ing that he did not know how to stop it, called
loudly for assistance The jailor entered the
cell, aud proceeded TO turn the water off. Whilst
in the act of doing so Chapline struck him a
heavy blow in the face and followed it up with
others OF the same sort. He then ran out into
the hail and closed the door after him but the
lailcr being the stronger OF the two pushed it
olcn and hustled the prisoner back into has cell.
Doring the struggle the jailor was compelled to
make use ola mace which he had in his pocket
and The prisoner came out about second best.
He was in irons on Saturday, and safely secured.
Wheeling daily intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, Va. [W. Va.]) 1852-1859, 1859-06-20
c. e. STIFEL,
Manufactured OF Tin * Sheet Iron War
ASp DEALER ~
HARDWARE.

R0USEFURNISHlNG HARDWARE.
IJAS on hand very large a-sortusut Of iI"Gsrsri-i-
Ing t0ols Part 4! his stock consisting Of tac lot
1 with pOrselai Water ST:
CTS TracRutstsTS. NasseTs feas minute Freezer. Od
no.iuiva Conv--T~,t- bird Gags. Cuyrv. britannia HHi
Black Mare Tiusl aud EnAneied iiVow ale, Brass
Kettles, &c
He rrqaests Of his aud thu I'.h EvrcrNy,
paricr is Water cole and At Ut fTr'E"T,
wishes aT the ola J. UiEi"H G. i'
Pot H.. hest roer an' vail pay j. saw '''
Aiso h-T -~>'tIlnrrt Ui tiS can nal L.
GActuTt'i Ware, wholesale aE retail Any articles nat
hand VIII r Ws,ie V!r at 'e sert' - t"tir AID Al
rVl.G Iah'e prices.
ea1r- FREYT CANS .lLWAYS on nj ~.
Those ~ HoWscA tCNs NIL e veil to cAtl
hri. His articles are numerous ,-;sn- ThO>r
who call Will Gnj every article oI httiuE cut hne
household. &. p STIEEI.,
my2s-l6nn No. las Main st, Vile cling. Va
Wheeling daily intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, Va. [W. Va.]) 1852-1859, 1859-06-20
III s.esg.s
I2EIzg
BY THE UNION LINE.
To T7uE DAILY INTELLIC NCER.
OFFICE, DORM Err WATER AND MONROE STREETS.
FROM THE EXTRA INrELLIGENCEW OF SATURDAY
NIGHT.
FOREIGN NEWS.
.ARRIVAb0F THE ANGLO SAXON
Important from the Seat of War
A GREAT BATTLE FOUGHT!
REPORTED LOSS OF
81, 900 KILLED & N0UHDEDI
The AuStrianS EYacuate AIiIanI
Sc, &C., &c.
.ARRIVAL0F THE ANGLO SAXON
important from the Seat of War
A GREAT BATTLE FOUGHT!
The AustrianS EYacuate MiIanI
Sc, &c, &c.

FARTHER PolNr, (below Quebec,) June IS
The steamship Anglo Saxon from Liverpool on
he 9TH inst, passed this point this morning,
pound for Quebec, her advices -four days
The hydraulic press., 1859-02-12

ARMAGEDDoN.-The Rev. Mr.. Pitts,
the "fames" of whose pathos are said
to click the everlasting hills with a roar
that moves your soul to depths fathomed
by few other men has discovered what
the great battle of Armageddon, predie-
ted in the scriptures, is to be.
The United States and Russia, being
the greatest powers of the earth and the
representatives, respectively, Of freedom
and despotism, are to meet In awful
struggle for the mastery,at some future
day; but Uncle Sam is to come out VIC
torioas--the Union will not be dissolved,
politicians tothe contrary notwithstand-
ing, monarchy will be oyerthrown forev-
er, republicanism everywhere prevail,
and nations learn war no more. So mote
itbe!
The hydraulic press., 1859-02-12
CHI aludraulie 2ress.
B. P. AVERY, EDITOR.
UNJUsT.-The ridicule which many


UNJUsT.-The ridicule which many
Of the newspapers are heaping upon
Edward Everett for contributing his
famous Mt. Vernon papers to the N. Y.
Ledger. They contend that he has
compromised his dignity by allowing his
name to appear in the columns of a
clash" paper.
All this pother has led us to examine
two recent numbers of the Ledger, and
SO far from appearing " FASH" they
seem to be the contrary. To be sure
there is a serial tale from Sylvanus
Cobb about privateers, which might
possibly belong to the sensation school;
but there are also numerous well-writ-
ten articles on variety Of subjects, es
says in brief, spicy "leaves +" from
Fanny Fern, an original letter of Gen.
Washington's, never before published,
a capital poem by SAKE, little gem
from Alice Cary, a string of brilliants
from Prentice, stanzas by the pure-min-
ded Mrs. Sigourney, and other features
of interest. The Ledger is above me-
diocrity, and probably addresses itselfto
quite as refined audiences every week as
listened to Everett's grafton. Many of
its articles have been stolen by English
papers and published by them as origi-
nal, and afterwards copied into such
fastidious literary papers as Morris &
Willis Home Journal.
The Ledger does not supply the high
er mental wants, but it fills useful
place, and deserves respect.
The hydraulic press., 1859-02-12

REMARKABLE DEATHs.-Very re-
Gently the demise Of the last surviving
sister of the Poet Burns was chronicled.
Now we hear that daughter of DR..
Samuel Johnson's old friend, Mrs.
Thrale, has just died in London, at the
advanced age Of ninety years. Her
name to the day of her death, was Miss
Susannah Thrale, and she was the last
survivor of that circle which once sur
rounded the surly moralist, and which
Boswell has immertalized. A daughter
of Madame Roland, the famous French
revolutionary heroine, has also deceased,
bequeathing the manuscripts of her
mothers memoirs to the Imperial Lib
rary.
The hydraulic press., 1859-02-12

A UNIVERSAL CURRENCY.-As ys-
tenn for a universal uniform decimal
currency has been proposed by Mr..
Tefft, a Rhode Islander, and his paper
on the subject has been read before g
British society and printed with appro-
baton in English journals The New
York Tribune says:
"He proposes to adopt gold nine
tenths fine as the standard of value, land
the French metrical system in determi-
ming the weight of coins-the monetary
unit to be gold dollar, not like our
American gold dollar, which istoo small
for convenient use, but like the French
fve-franc piece of gold. This new dol
lar he proposes to make of the weight
of 1.6 grammes, to correspond to our
American dollar, to four shillings En-
glish and to five francs French, though
a trihe less in value than either"
The dollar is assumed as the standard
for the reason that it is the oldest and
the most universally known of all exis-
ting money units, and because it starts
with the commonest small coin in use
for its cent, or hundredth part.
The hydraulic press., 1859-02-12

ATHENEUM CLUB.-Under this name
the literary men of New York have es-
tablished a society, the object of which
is to " promote intellectual sociability,
to create brotherhood, not only of au-
thors, artists, men devoted to science;
but also of all lovers and patrons of sci
ence, literature, and art-and to provide
common salon, an elegant conversazi-
one, where distinguished strangers from
abroad may meet men of genius at home;
in the delightful freedom Of familiar in
tercourse" fa