Richmond enquirer. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1815-1867, 1859-04-15
,r,rrp FROM NEW YORK
Correspondence efthe Richmond Enquirer.
Srw YORK, April 9th. 1859.


pv tho Indian at Portland and the Canada
Mt Halifax. VIC have four days later new from
E,,rone. the purport of which has already
cached vour readers. Here, it is considered
favorable, both commercially and politically.
and is not without its effect upon this market,
both financially and commercially. The de-
cline in the English funds. was caused by the
Russian loan for $4,000, 900 at 81 on the
mar value, coming upon the market, with the
object, it was said, Of restoring the Russian
currency. the shipment of about $4,000, 900
/ silver to the Fast, and the withdrawal of gold
from the Bank of England to purchase silver
ON the continent. The trade returns for Feb
ruary showed great activity. The exports were
about S45, O00, 900 against $4,000, 900 in the
same month last year. The chief increase was
! found in the shipment of cotton goods.
The Parliamentary returns Tor the years
1875, show that the total public income was
| about $3lT,Gl0,00o. and the total expenditures
were about $330,09j 300. The reduction Of
| the public debt, during the same period. had
amounted to $1I.s55.O0
In Paris they had started a new credit mo-
bile. with Count lie Morny at its head, which
was considered a favorable omen Of peace.
.AdyiceS were received from Melbourne. Aus
tralia, to the 9TH of February. Sailing vessels
had departed for England, between the 24th of
December and the end of January. with an az
grcgatc Of 25I,000 ounces of gold, which, at
| the low figure of SIS per ounce. was equal in
/ yalnc to S., 626. 000. The steamer Oneida had
also arrived at Sucz with S5S0. 900 in gold.
The discount market in London was active.
| American securities were without alteration of
r,o,,,,t l;rripin firnu nf 1StS unl .i<.. ,G
lssG. were quoted at So to 81.
The two most prominent features Of the po-
litical news were the consent of Austria IL
| Join the Peace Congress and the defeat of the
reform bill in the British Parliament.
The liberation of the serfs in Russia is likely
to give the government serious trouble. To
change the relation of African labor from its
subOrdination TO the control Of the whites. re-
suits in the mutual overthrow and ruin of both
races. To change, suddenly, the scrvilc cOndi
ton Of white labor 10 the superior power Of
rhitc beings of the same race, is attended with
revolution. and with the overthrow of the lat
ter. To this axiom Russia will form no eyccp-
ton. The Government Of Russia, M doubt
from motives of policy, keeps the outside world
rs ignorant as possible Of the struggle going on
within. Notwithstanding these precautions.
stray paragraphs now and then tranSpire, which
| show how things are working. Among the
items reported by the steamer Indian, is the
following:
\ disasrceablc sensation has been produced
in official circles ut St. Petersburg by the
declaration of the committee of the government
of liver respecting emancipation. that the
nobility express the opinion that this reform
is to ruin the Russian mobiles. The committee
demand recompensc for the lands coded to the
peasants, and advise the nobility to break oil
| all communication with them. The documen,
indicates a profound sentiment of bitterness
and irritation.
If emancipation is perscvercd in, we may
expect to hear of II formidable rising of the
mobiles against the government, who may, like
the English Barons Of Runny Mead, force the
Emperor to sign n Constitution designed to
curb, and forever set bounds to imperial dicta-
ton. liver, in the above paragraph, is probably
meant for the government of liver in central
or Great Russia, which contains an area oil
about 100 square miles, and n population Of
1927, 900.
The population Of Russia is divided into four
clasScs-1st mobiles. 2nd clergy, 81 burgher>,
merchants and farmers, and 4th slaves or ScrfS.
In 1876 the number of the nobility amounted
to COL $50 of whom 53S, leo were hereditary.
The mobiles are exempt from serving in the
army, but are obliged To supply recruits from
their vaSsals or slaves. in proportion to the
number they hold. The mobiles are also exempt
from corporeal punishment. They carry on
manufactures in winter and engage in agricnl.
turc in summer. The clergy number 274,0o0
Of whom 100000 belong TO the established
Greek Church. The number Of slaves. in1S3I.
amounted to a, 900, 900, 1000, 900 Of whom
belonged to the government or crown. and
9 3 200, 600 to the mobiles and other individuals.
One noblcman had $40 in his household, and
Count Chercmticf was said to be the owner OF
10000. The mobiles pay 4 government tax OF
four roublcS ahead for their slaves. The
slaves of Russia are not either clothed or fed as
we'll rs the blacks Of the South. In winter
they wear sheep skins with the wool turned
inside towards the body and in summer a coarse
drugget of cloth. Few have shoes, but Swad-
die their feet in linden bark and wOollcns.-
Their diet consists Of coarse rye bread and sour
cabbage soup, with a lump Of fat in il. They
never taste butchers meat, only on holidays.
Their hutS arc mean and filthy. Runaway
slaves are punishable with Imprisonment and
labor.
lIC lHd~lCI Ills IOMCl iHi' VI l"b"' Ia'
ishmcnt on his slaves. The mobiles rs 4 general
and lospitable class Of people. Once a slave
enters the army, he and his family become free.
Slaves can BY consent Of their masters. hire
their time, and in one case. it is said that a
slave who hired his own time, made Il fortune
and became the master of 1000 slaves, and
built a fine church in st. Petersburg. The
mobiles, as general thing. manage their local
governments. appoint their W magistrates
and committees of supervision.
The great difficulty with abOlitionistS who
attempt to reason upon slavery, Is that they
ignore all chronological distinctions Of races
The only normal and contcntcd scrvilc labor
ever discovered. is found in that of the African
race in warm climates. Tho South with .to"r
millions of this race rest in peace, quiet, con-
tcntment and prosperity. No standing army,
with uniformed soldiers and fixed bavonctS, is
needed to keep order. There is no country in
proportion to population, with less crime than
the older States of the South. There is a 90
vcrnment, but it is hardly seen or felt. The
reason is an chronological one. The negro l.
inferior, mentally to the whites, nc feels his
dependence upon them, and submits contentcd.
" to his subordinate condition, for which
he is formed.
The difficulty with all. while slavery in
Greece. Rome and other parts of the world has
been the attempt, by the constant exercise Of
military force, by one portion of the rhitF
community, to keep the other in slavery, though
naturally equals in chronological origin and ma
tive mental capacity-and, wherever the mill
tary has been overcome, the enslaved have re-
yolutionized the Government, involving all, fire.
quently, in n common calamity or ruin. No
one doubts but what, while serfaom or starery
is maintained, to thc present day, in nearly all
the Governments of Europe; and which is only
kept in subsection by over three million of
bayonets. No higher degree of civilization
can he reached without slavery, in some form