The daily exchange. [volume] (Baltimore, Md.) 1858-1861, 1859-02-22
[FRoM OUR OWN CORRESPONDENT

WELL, who was sent out by Mr. BUCHANAN to exam
inc and report upon the condition of affairs in tina
country, has made a full statement of the case an
exhibits the propriety and necessity for an imme
date recognition of the JUAREz Government bv tn,
UNITED STATES. That it is the Government of tn
people, well the Constitution is clearly appa
rent. All the leading public men nearly are wit
the Liberals, and so are a vast majority of tn
masses. But they are without arms and ammuni
tion with which to attack and capture the city O
Mexico, and overthrow the local power of M1RAMo
and the Church party. Meantime European inlu
ences are clearly at work to sustain the latter be
| cause the Liberals are well known to sympathis
with the UNITED STAIRS, and to acknowledge GU
policy OF maintaining the ascendency of American
influences upon the Continent.
Recognition by the UNITED STATES and the i'm
mediate conclusion of treaty with us, would Civ
the Liberals great moral power, as well as enab
them at once to obtain the moerel of war so neces
sary to their success. There would seem to be NJ
longer any reason for hesitation upon the part o
he Government of the UNITED STATES, and it is sup
posed here that Senior MATA. the representative o
the JUAREz Government, will be Immediately re
ceived. If he should not be, the probabilities arc
that the Liberals will be overwhelmed by the foreign
influences now threatening their existence as 6
political body-for, though fully equal, even in
| their present crippled condition, to defend them
| selves against MIRAMoN and his army, they cannot
resist the combination of England, France and
Spain against them. Mr.. BUCHANAN has now in hi:
| hands the opportunity to preserve the immense
stake which the UNITED STATES have in the future
of Mexico, or to cast it away forever. To-day our
MONROE doctrine is practically deed, by the inter
| yention European powers. 1t remains to be seen
whether or this is to be permitted If not, the
hour has home in which to give practical effect to
the American idea of excluding the preponderance
of European influences from the Republics upon our
Southern border
The Old Soldiers Bill has probably been "done
to death by the Senate Committee on Pensions who
have made an adverse report npon it. The Com
mittee have come to proper conclusion on the
subject. They foresee that it involves gratuity
which must cost the Government many millions of
dollars. If this were to fall into the hands of the
soldiers themselves, who actually served in the
field, or to their surviving widows the proposition
would be less Objectionable. But the provisions of
the bill constitute vast sweep net, made to in
cude thousands who deserve nothing Besides it
is too well known that the Pension agents and 9TH
err spectators upon public bounty, would get the
lions share of the benefits to be conferred. The
bill now pending in the Senate looks rather harm
less. Apparently, it would provide for compare
lively small number of PERSONS but all experience
shows that no fair estimate be made of the
number. The popular delusion is that ONLY a few
hundred persons participated in the battle of Pats-
there rendered, has been made to cover upwards of
thirty thousand persons At least such understand
to be the statement Of the SECRETARY of the INrE-
RIoR.
The NICHOLS Committee of Investigation are now
in session. 1t is stated upon the street that the de-
fence expected to triumph by invalidang the testi
mony of the witnesses for the prosecution. That
is stale trick and will not succeed if the Commit
tee remembering the difficulty which must always
attend the effort to expose corruption in high places
does their duty fearessly, and exercises ordinary
fairness in protecting the witnesses from unjust as
pensions. The charges now investigating were
made upon clear and responsible statement of the
facts 1t they are true, public justice demands
their full exposure. and the punishment of the
guilty party; and if not true, the fact that they
have been publicly repeated for some time about
the Capitol and have been very generally believed
by those who heard them makes it due to the honor
and dignity OF Congress that they should be set at
rest by investigation. The House of Representa-
tives and its Committee will remember, however,
that the investigation and the action upon it must
be characterized by fearless Independence and
stern justice to command public respect. The pub
lie verdict upon the testimony adduced will not be
trammelled by interested and unfair efforts to
backen the witnesses either side or by generous
disposition to screen guilty party.
Some time ago | gave your readers an account of
terrible conflict at Dragon Springs, Arizona, be-
tween Mr.. SIL.As ST.. JOHN and three Mexcans, in
which the latter fled after having murdered ST.
JoHN'S three companions, and wounding himself so
badly as to necesstate the amputation of his arm
TINS gallant fellow has just been appointed Indian
Agent among the Pimas and Maricapa Indians-a
post for which he is peculiarly well fitted.
We are looking hourly for the Presidents veto
OF the bill granting lands to the several States to
aid in the establishment of Agricultural Colleges
This measure is highly popular one in Congress.
and throughout the North. But the Southern De-
mocracy demand its veto in Difference to their scru-
Piles against its constiutionality There is no pro-
liability that it can be passed by two-thirds
vote against the veto. Had it become a law, it
would have done more for agricultural science and
its advancement in the UNITED STATES than can be
accomplished through any other agency.
TURKISH FEMALE Observation-Disclosures from Con-
sfaptinpp1n LooI- A. A.
Turkish Government had resolved to introduce re-
forms into the organization of the schools for chill
dren. The Presse d. Orient at present contains an
article giving an account Of the measures definite
~ decided on by khairOul Efiendi, Minister of
Public Instruction. That functionarv some time
back presented to the Sultan complete system of
education for males, in which were introduced a
number OF ameiorations adopted from European
establishments AT present the Minister'S atten-
ton has been directed to the education of girls
and he has proposed not only to exclude bows from
the girls schools, but to extend very considerably
the range OF instruction given to females in Turkey
as preparatory step towards the intellectual
emancipation of the Mussulman women. The Sui
tan has given orders to have the proposed plan
carried into execution with little delay as posi-
Bile, so that henceforward Turkish girls will not
only learn all the works executed with the needle
but reading, writing, arithmetic, geography, and
history. In each of the Is sectionsof the Turkish
capital six primary schools to be established at
once; and alta later period one superior establish
the inferior schools.
THE NICARAGUA TRANstr.-Monsieur Belly an
n0unces in the Paris journal, that his organization
of the Nicaragua Canal Company is completed that
the money necessary is secured, that vessel has
been freghted to carry out the engineering materi-
al, and that this vessel with himself, part of the
engineers and cerks-sxty persons in all-will sail
from Havre for Greytown in few weeks. The
chief engineer, NJ. Thome de Gamond, will remain
few weeks longer in Europe to organize and send
out the remainder of the scientific corps. The
Prince Jerome asked to have his name placed at the
head of the list for So 900 francs, of the pro-
tectors of the enterprise, and the Count de Cham
bord and the Duke de Montpensier have also
subscribed for large sums
The company have made application to the Grand
Duke Constantine, and the Arch-duke Maximilian
to assume, by liberal subscriptions, protectorshp
in this grand scheme.
The MIssoURIAND MISSISSIPPI interchangeable
to expectation and announcement both ends OF the
Hannibal and St. Joseph Railroad were made to
meet on Saturday evening last, the 18th inst. and
the first through train from the Mississippi Father
Of Waters, reached here on Sunday evening, thus
uniting by iron bands the two great rivers and
drawing the Great West into the middle of cv-
cation st. Joseph is no longer in the West
that mystic region is now somewhere in the neigh
borhood of Pixies Peak and the Rocky Mountains
The first through train brought legion of gold
seekers from the North and East, who come as
the pioneers and advance guard of thousands vet to
follow.-&. Joseph Journal, Feb. IA.
THE SPANISH ARMY AND Notwithstanding to a
decree just issued the effective force of the Spanish
army for 1859 will be 81 900 men, a larger number
than desired, but which, according to the
Spanish journals, was deemed necessary on account
| OF the appearance of Cuban and Mexican affairs -
1t is intended soon practicable to reduce the
standing army to $4,000 men. The navy of Spain
during the year 1859 will be composed of seventy
vesses,-among them thrty-three paddle and
twelve steamers. 1t is also contemplated to
engage in the service 1873 vessels of of nfe-
ror class; gunboats and forth. The marine
force for 1859 will be 800 men.
A HIGH-HANDED 0UrRAGE.-Mr. Alexander Au-
perie was accosted in Cincinnati on Wednesday
evening by two men, one of whom asked him if he
was not one of the Grand Jury who had found a
bill against Richard w. Neff. He replied in the
affirmative and received blow from pair of iron
knuckles and was slashed at with knife which cut
his coat and vest This attempt to murder a grand
juryman in the street. is one that may well starte
the community. 1t is an assassn's blow at Law
| and Society.-C Cincinnati Commercial.
Mr.. JEFFERSON AND THE FRAMING PRIvILEGE.-
Mr.. Jefferson never franked letters for any men,
bers of his family, and correspondents frequently
enclosed in those directed to him, letters for some
OF his family, but Mr.. Jefferson invariably gave
notice OF the fact to the postmaster of this place,
and had the postage of all such letters charged to
-ChartoaesoMe Va. } Jefersonian.
| The Opposition Convention at Greenville, Tenn,
| on Wednesday last, nominated Mr.. Thomas A.
| r. Nelson their candidate for Congress in the
EirakH Tom nal snk &c IT,