Delaware gazette. [volume] (Delaware, Ohio) 1855-1886, 1859-06-03
FRANCIS JOSEPH, EMPEROR OF AUSTRIA.

Francis Joseph Charles, Emperor of Au
trla was born August 18th, 1880 His uncl
Ferdinand l., abdicated on December 2. IS4
and this young gentleman ascended the thron
as next heir. The young Emperor commence
his reign by issuing proclamation to his sui
jects, full of promises. Under his rule, Au
tria was to have freedom and constitution;
government-the monarchy was to be relorme
the people were to have equality of govern
ment, on the basis of true liberty, and on tn
basis OF their equal participation in repr,
sentation and legislation. Scarcely was hi
signature dry on this document, when he close
the national representative assembly at Krem
sier; cancelled the ancient constitution c
Hungary, substituting a new charter which
being dead letter, was Withdrawn in eightee
months called in the aid of the late Emper
or of Russia to crush all vitality of freedom il
Hungary, and, under Radetzy, suppressed al
attempts at liberty in Lombardy and Venice
He made his ministers accountable not t,
| the law, but personally to himself Some few
concessions he appeared to make to the masses
but IN Austrian Italy, his will is supreme aud
in Austria he has substituted his own personal
command for the wholesome restrictions of thf
| law. He has maintained an immense army
even in time of the greatest peace, at cost SC
vast that the national resources have been
greatly injured. Loan after loan, each at r1-
nous rates, have kept Austria in difficulties
and under great weight of taxation His la
test financial measure, since the war with Sar-
dinla commenced, was to suspend the payment
: of specie by the Bank of Austria, and to Gre
ate fictitious money by the issue of assignats
In 1854, he took part with France and Eng
land against Russia. Ever since his accession
to the throne, he has treated his Italian sub
jects with great tyranny. In their discomfort,
they looked for aid to free Sardinia; and the
appeal which has once more made France a
combatant on Italian soil, and will probably
drive the Austrirns out of Italy, has to be de-
clded now by force of arms. Francis Joseph
is said to be well informed, bold, schemiug, and
unscrupulous. In April, 1854, he was married
to Bavarian. Princess. III the private rela-
tious of life his conduct is said always to have
been highly moral and exemplary.
VICTOR EMMANUEL, KING OF. SARDINIA.
Victor Emmanuel IL was born March IA
1920. His mother was an Austrian princess
and his father was the late king, Charles AL
bert. Brought up under clerical instruction,
Victor Emmanuel, then bearing the title of
Duke of Savoy, went largely into society, bore
commission in the army, and was well known
as keen lover Of field sports. In 1912 he
married the Archduchess Adelaide, of Austria,
since dead. When the French revolution of
1846 caused political conmotion in Italy, the
Pope actually taking the lead as a political
Torp Il Al
banner of Piedmont, a few DAYS after the Aus
trians were driven out of Milan, proclaimed
the war of Italian Independence. All through
the campaign which followed, Victor En-
manuel spritedly fought by his fathers side,
and greatly distinguished himself, on March
"a, 1849, in the battle of Novarre, when the
Sandman army was defeated. That very even
ing Charles Albert abdicated, and Victor En-
manuel became King Of Sardinia-which
kingdom really includes not only the island of
Sardinia, but also Piedmont, Savoy, the Lo-
mellina, and Genoa, all in Italy. Charles AL
bert retired to Portugal where he died soon
after.
Little was expected from Victor Emmanuel
His subjects rather distrusted him, and for a
time, he had to encounter many internal diff
Parma, if he would repudiate the Constitution,
to which he had sworn with his father, in Feb
ruary, 1849, but he refused the bribe. Genoa
proclaimed Provisional Government against
him, but he speedily put down the Emeute.-
After the beginning of 1850, when the Sar-
dinian Parliament tardily ratified the peace
with Austria, public confidence began to rely
on the wisdom, patriotism and boldness Of the
King. He broke with Rome, asserting the
national independence of his Kingdom in tenn
poral matters, and may be said to have become
Independent of the Papal See. in spiritual
matters also. In January, 1855, he formed
that alliance with France and England, against
Russia, which led to his sending a Sandman
army to the Crimea. At the close of the war
he visited France and England, and was warm
ly received in both countries. In the Congress
at Paris, to adjust the terms of Peace, after
the Crimean War, Austria strongly objected
to Sardinia being represented there by Min
lister. This was overruled, on the ground that
having fought, Sardinia had earned a right to
have voice on the terms of peace. Victor
Emmanuel, bold and dashing soldier,
mands in person during the present campaign.
LOUIS NAPOLEON, EMPEROR OF THE FRENCH
Biographical particulars relating to Napo-
leon III are so well known by newspaper
readers, that it seems nearly superfluous to
give any here. Louis Napoleon was born at
the Tuilleries, in Paris, April Goth, 1905. was
the second son of Louis Bonaparte, King of
Holland and Hortense Beauharnais, only
daughter of the Empress Josephine. AZ
ter the fall of Napoleon l, the Bonaparte
family had to live out of France. Louis
Napoleon, with his elder brother and moth
er, lived in Switzerland when the Revolu-
ton of July placed Louis Philippe on the
throne of France. In the following year, Lou
is Napoleon and his brother went to Italy,
where both took part in an insurrection at
Rome The brother died the same year
From 1882 to 1885, Louis Napoleon, who by
the death of his cousin, the King of Rome
had become head of the Napoleon family, de
voted himself to study, and produced several
works, political and military. His Manuel
sur PArtllerie E" has been highly spoken Of by
military men, and we believe that it is now
used as a textbook at West Point.
In 1886, took place Louis Napoleons un-
successful attempt to get up a revolution at
Strasbourg. He was sent ont of the country,
and was recalled from the United States by
the alarming state of his mothers health. In
1888 he published Des Idees Napoiiennes, a
fine translation of which has Just been issued
by the Appletons, at New York. In l840 he
made that unsuccessful descent upon Bouloguc.
which consigned him, political prisoner, to
| the Fortress of Ham. In 1916 he escaped to
England where he remained until the Revou-
ton of 1913 recalled him to France, and soon
placed him in the Presidential chair there
On December 2, 1851, in consequence of a
knowledge that his opponents mcditatcd a
heavy blow at his authority, he executed the
coup deiat, which overthrew the National As
sembly. and caused his election, first as Presi