, 1859-02-04


saddeoed bj Ill the Improvements which le saw.
Spin, When Lc threw up Ills hands in delight, aud
exclaimed, "Ah, this nov looks nltural; there's
the very same Oh plough Us, i when last work.
ed here"
Where once was population of forty millions
the Traveller fads only twelve ml'tions-sees IN
immense extent Of country without roods or
canals, except those for irrigation. a legacy Of
tie enlightened Moors goes to the sesporta.
And tnrs' "a few suall coasters, with cargoes Of
t::tling value. and a few old hulks, memorials Of
the naval grandeur Of Spsin, rotsing il their
desolate waters-comes 70 the capital and finds
neither azt nor indua:ry. but u host Of hungry
otlice.hunlers aad holders, whose language and
appearance a. their daily turn out in the Puerto
del Sal, remind him, il an American, Of Penn
sylyauia avenue during certain months If March.
Pennsylvania avenue, however, il two things
surpasses The Puerto del Sol viz, its fumes
Of bad Hhieky and its Hoods cf tobacco Juice.
Seeing land to which nature has given the
m9st prolific soil. the richest mines, and may
nidceus sea coast depopuated aud degraded;
seeipg pride, fazluess and poverty around him,
the traveller asks if this can really be the land
which, in the days Of Phillip H.. extended its
possessions mure extensively than did eser the
Roman Empire. md whose sovereign could
boast that the Run never Set on his douains2
Whence cones this saddeni3E change? What
causes hpva produced tbis fatlf Is Spain to re.
msiu thus low. or is there hnpe thnt she msy
vet arisep These ere the points which the lee.
turer propoBen TO examine.
The prims! cause Of the downfall Of Soaiu in
the loss tlioerty. through III suceesu! :1ortsof
hs <1tcutiue to <7eroaeh upon the gslati0e branch
Of sAe government. The means employed we're
lst. The crentiou ~ the executive ol Supreme
Court (the Inqusiton) to uct 81 its ally. and the
use o{ this as IN engine to friRhten the timid;
I'd, The bribery OF representatives. by Offering
ptae< ii +h. gla Of the executive 10 them or u
their friends, as tha price Of their ro1es. Thus
Spain became morally degraded, and material
degradation soon followed; but th,s WAS has
tened and completed by the constant policy Of
the court to m~ke productive labor dis9rneefut.
Ltttrtv and labor hono7<&& and cherished, 9po5n
wds f,rosperous, poputons, Potctrfut. Li5srty and
labor atgt<csed and despist4, SPAN became toAas
sIe ia.
The origin Of the inquisitioa was attributed
bY Ar. Sumner not 70 religious, but polili.
cal motives, inasmuch as tha constitution,
which forbade the King to contsca ITO tho
| property Of The condemned, and which secured
TO 81! certain rights, wcs ovefsidden by this
| new tribunal. Alter showing how it be.
Ea[Qe &k u lRkSf 4a} A1 Ql IAE EuUTEIl&
| be continued: What it was in the days Of its
struggles with the freedom Of psin, is best told
| in one Of the dispatches Of H+ka=i2ai, sent by
! the Venetian Ambassador in 1888, to the Coun-
Gil Of Ten, manuscript copy Of which is in 1ha
Royal Library nj Paris. After describing the
tribunals and th= councils Of the King. the Am
| baesador continues:
| "The inquisltion is. however. :he greatest
| means of government ia SPUN. 1t is, ia fact, q
great Supreme Court, with which the King can
| accomplish much, for its judges are under his
control, AID it does not hes,tate to pronound
degrees and jad2e matters not orouqht b1fore IL
BY any ef tie rfeogns:ed jorns cf judtcs4l pro.
ctdure.
The course pursued to destroy the Cortes WINS
kketched By Ar. Sumner from original docu-
ments copied By him from the Spanish archives,
It Uds full Of toarntsy TO ertry co'astt>utio,aa2
government. No sooner had the executive, by
menAces and by Offering places to tnembers and
army bill before grievances we're redressed, thnu
it launched into 4 pslicy oi fereign war, which
loaded SPUN with debt; debt led to oppressive
taxation; these oppressive taxes led TO crime
and misery titles OF nobility we're sold to raise
money hosts Of mobiles sprung up-lazy, but
900 monks and nuns were described-their dis.
astrous example, and their opposition to ell
progress depicted. In treating Of the crushing
taxation Ut spain, Iii. Sumner corrected. q popu-
| {QE error IN feEsAU ~ llG &uQluk u &blu HUI
silver received fsom the conquest Of MexIco.
Humboldt hal already shown the statements o'
Robertson. Ray2ol and others to be fabulous snd
sb:urd ior the first fifty years after the conquest
humboldt based bis statements as he says, "lartIS
Oh facts aud partly on copjecture=." Mr. S. was
uh!e from authentic documents to complete the
series Of facts, and to reduce the anoun's much
lower even than Humboldt, giying them at the
came lime with precision. While admitting the
large Gums rcceiTea by Spain after the working o.
poto.i, and after the process Of extinction b.
quicksilver mas discovered. Mr. S. said he hal
Spain WAS losing ler constitutional liberty, ami
therefore her glory and power. Tie whole amoun
received during trat period by the King, q hi:
royal fifth from Mexico, would coin at our min
into only s28s 900; and after the conquest Of Peru
u1i that reached The Spanish Treasury from TN
ransom Of the Inca Atahualp8 would coin Int<
$4,000. The spoils Of victory we're ea1en up b5
the despoIler.
l. We can only hastily follow the lecturer in hi.
exposition OF the development Of parties il
Spain, Of the destruction OF the couvents, th'
reform Of the courts, tho founding nornh
schools, tha character Of the Queen, the blond,
!: career Of Esryaex. the revolution which place.
him in power, those Of two yeara since, and th
last move. attributed TO the Influence Of Loui
Napoleon, Jealous OF seeing more liberty il
Spain than ne permits et hons aud big predIe
throue itself. In this part nj. Sumne: WAS ab,
to draw upon his own personal fecol!ections, AM
to eniiEen hla leeturs By characteristic anee
dotes. The hope Of Spatu for the future b.
placed-1. In her municipal organization; z
In her brght-witted pessansry, just enjoyin
J schools ior their children; s. In her industrit
classes who no longer admit labor to be degrad
| ing; 4. In her women, 70 whose patriotism on
noolo qualities be paid glowing tribute.
Tbs lecturer concluded BY saying-Could th
spirit Of Spain, reviewingsits own career, speA
TO other nations, it would cry cut With vnic
G Of warning. beware OF everything which limit
1 tho freedom OF thought or of the freedom {
speech; maintAin free press--3ear less 1ta g
T. casional iceotiou1uess than the eternal lioena
q | for wrong which follows iss silence; watch er'
n r. Invasion OF your legislative assemblies an
- their rights, whether By the steady march
corruption or by open violence; keep erer !
:, your hands your purae strings, which smbitiot
' ru'ers for their own wicked ends, will cont1i.
:. thousand devices to draw from you; beWal
of everything which tends 10 degrade or depr
= clste labor and knowledge. the companions
. liberty and as you would leave to your chill
:. ten the blessings Of pence and security for Il
!, future, beware Of all those 2litse1inR plans
foreign conquest, which, while bringing to ye
. a nerveless empire, motionless aud wide, cres
for you host Of chartered libertines, lazy swa
4erefs, too proud 10 work, il not alao too ign
- rant. and therefore the lit tools for sehem
= which may secure their advancement. eren
the price OF those great principles of Justice a!
!. Right By which aiono individuals can be happ
r. uation9 glorious. Gherty durable.