Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1859-07-05
THE CARBONARI AND LOUIS NAPo.
IFrom the Boston Journal Inn

The Society Of the Csrbonari have been tbs
instigatiOn of and the active participapts in
every movement made in behalf of the freedom
Of italy during the recent century 1t is true,
the last public demonstration Of the society oc-
Cured IN 1911. since which fine il was sup
posed to have been dissolved. But its patriotic
purposes were inherited by the similar though
simpler organization Of Young Italy" con-
trolled during the last Italian war by Mani
nj. Really, however, the Carbonari are still
existing as a fraternity in many parts Of Italy.
But were the fraternity no longer intact, thou.
sands of its old members, tryYsss ~, ,leadinp
sims and eonscientiously tT6d BY i6 oaths,
are alive. Among these, though still on trial
for his fidelity to his oath, is Louis Napoleon.
Emperor of France. He is said TO have ioined
the Carbonari, with his brother, in 1880 In
the following year ne took an active part in
the 1taian insurrection, displaying even then
his military capacity His brother died du-
ring the brief campaign. 1t is probable that
that short chapter in the life OF Louis Napo-
leon is now having its sequel in the present
contest on the plains of Lombardy
Let us see what IL was for the young Bona
parte To become one of the Carbonari The
name, meaning cOal-burner, originally belong
ed to band Of free-masons who met in the
forests of Germany. When the lodges were
introduced into Italy, Is not known to a GER
tainty, but similar associations are believed
10 have existed among the Waldepeses a.
early as the sixteenth century. In process of
time the general ideas of the order in favor
OF freedom and virtue determined the italian
members to centre all their energies upon
delivering their country from foreign masters
Thus they were Instrumental in expelling the
first Napoleon from the Italian Pepinsula: and
in all the subsequent troubles their hand was
visible against the foreign rulers Rival
societies were fOstered as the best means of de-
strOying their influence. When the revolution
OF 1920 broke out the Carbonari numbered
642 900 members, and nearly 400 lodges When
that attempt was crushed out but little more
was heard Of the society till it was again
brought to the surface by the events of 1881.
IN which, a we have seen, the young Louis
Napoleon was actor.
While the practical aim of the order is sniff
clently eYlnced In this sketch, its interior or
ganlLatlOn, doctrines and oaths must be learned
from other sources. A member published an
account OF these anonymously nearly forty
years ago, and numerous trials and police in
VestigauOns have since confirmed their accu-
raey. WequOte only the following doctrines of
the order as having interest at the present time:
The members are called Good Cousins;
they divided into two Oclasses-Apprentiee
and Masters
- An interval of six months is necessary be-
fore an apprentice can obtain the rank of mas
ter The principal obligations imposed on
him are to practice beneyOlence, to succor the
unfortunate. to show dOcility of mind to bear
no malice against Carbonari, and to enrich hi.
heart with virtue.
1t is forbidden to talk against religion di-
rectly or indirectly.
All nyersation on religion in general, and
against good morals, Is prohibited
Every Good Cousin CarbOnari is to preserve
an invI0lable secrecy concerning the mysteries
OF the order.
The following IL the first oath taken:
'- L. a B., promise and swear upon the gan
eral statutes OF the order, and upon this steel.
the ayengIng instrument Of the perjured, scru-
PalOusly To Keep the secrets of CarbOnarism;
and neither To write, engraye nor plat any
thIng concerning II, without having obtained
written permission. / swear to help my Good
Cousins In case Of need. AS much as In me lies
ana not to attempt any thing against the honor
OF their families. i eOnsent and wish il per
lure myself that my body may be cut i'm pieces
then burnt. and my ashes scattered to the wind
IN order that Iny name may be held up TO the
execration of the Good Cousins throughout the
earth. 30 help me GOd.''
The second oath was somewhat similar.
though more specific, and to il the Italian Car
boRari added the following:
Il also swear never TO divulge the secrets Of
the society, and TO labor day and ulght for
tHs eTttTP,ftio5t Of tyTdHfs; and consent If
perJure myself, to submit to the punishment of
death by poison, and to have my flesh burnt by
a red-hOt irUn.'
We have not space to copy any Of the ceremo-
nies and regulations asGribed to the Carbonari
But II will be sufficiently seen by the above that
the cOHpd etdt and the whole su ubseuuent ca reer
of Louis Napoleon have been in fragrant viola
tlon Of his pledges US a member of the Carbonari
Hence, II IS said. the repea el att ,mpts at
his assassination, in all of which il is singular
fact that Italians have been the chief paPtici
pants. But it is equally singular that since the
death Of Orsini these attempts have not been
renewed. In explanation of this fact we have
had statements from Paris to the effect that the
Emperor had secret interview with Orsini
between his condemnation and death i'm which
the prisoner predicted the absolute certainty of
the Emperor death by assassination, as a pen.
atty vi his perJured Oaths in behalf of Italian
independence. We learn that an intelligent
Bostonian, now resident in Paris says that this
alleged interview is generally credited in we'll
Informed circles, and also the further statement
that Louis Napoleon in the most solemn man.
neT assured Orsini that he would thencef,r-
ward devote himself to the work Of deliver
ing Italy from foreign masters and begged the
dying cOnspirator to communicate the resolve
to his coadjutors in Italy. Whatever truth
there may be in this report, it is certainly rem
dered probable by the remarkable absence of
consplrscies against the Emperor's life since
that time, and by the whole progress thus far
Of the Italian war. If there be substantial re-
slity In the accounts il assures the impossible
lty OF Louis NapOleOn's aggrandizng himself
at the expense of the Italian people A thou
anu hV0n S1 CO dTe uOW upon every step ne
takes. and thousand hands at his sides to ap-
ply the dagger at the least sign Of recreancy or
falterIng In the great CarbOnarni Ow on proba-
ton III he succeeds, the influence of gratitude
and the utmost extent Of moral influence will
be conceded to him by the Italian people. But
the badges Of actual government over the pc
ninsuia can never press his brow except to
mark him as the sure victim Of sworn revenge
--------- s~e~s ----
SCENERY IN THE GULF OF YEpo-The seen
cry was neither Indian nor Chinese, and pre-
sented more of the features of a land within
the temperate than of one touching the torrid
zone The lower and nearer portions of the
shores Of the Gulf resembled strongly some of
the most picturesque spots in our own dear
eislsnds yet We have no gulf in Britain upon
> such a scale as that of YedO. Take the fairest
portion Of the coast of Deyonshire and all the
shores of the Isle of Wight; form with their
combined besuty gulf forty-fve miles long,
and varying in width from ten to thirty; in
every noOk and valley, as we'll as along every
sandy bay, place pretty towns and villages;
cut out all brick and plaster villas with Corin-