Polynesian. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu], Hawaii) 1844-1864, 1859-01-15
HONOLULU, JANUARY Is, 1859.

The East India production embraces 70, 900 tons.
which finds its way to Persia and Tartary. Near
ly the whole OF the remainder is transported from
the place of production to find consumers There
remains in each producing country q uuantity
which IS consumed on the spot. Thus, it is esti-
mated that thirteen pounds per head, or COO 900
tons, Is consumed in India and other producing
countries, 1T is estimated, consume 300 900 tons,
which gives total production of ,057 653 tons of
cane sugar. The consumption of sugar in Cuba
is very large per head of the population, since it
enters into the preserves of all kinds of fruits,
which form considerable item on every table.
1t is estimated that the production of palm su-
gar in the Indian Archipelago, in the Kingdom of
Siam, southern Sumatra. Ceylon, and Java may
reach altogether 100000 tons. Maple sugar is
made in the United States and Canada from the
sap caught from old forest trees and reaches about
10000 tons per annum. In this last year it was
estimated to have reached SO 900 tons. Beet-root
sugar is made mostly in France and Germany
1t was born of the continental system of Napoleon
and the discovery of the value of the beet-root
manufacture was received with the greatest favor
by the government. In 1910, there already ex-
listed two hundred beet-root factories, Welding
2,OOO,OOO pounds per annum. The product is now
over 200 900 tons. From a forced culture to pro-
duce substitute for the colonial product in time
OF war, 1T has grown to be formidable rival even
supplanting cane on equal terms, and, in some
cases, sustaining adverse legislation. Nearly all
the States of the centre and north of Europe have
entered into the culture with great spirit aud sue
cess. There are in France 34l sugar factories :;
Belgium, 40 in the Zolverein, 23l; Austria
III Russia, 800 Poland, 40 and the product
will average 25U, 900 tons. The production in
France is the greatest, but that of the Zollveren
is not far behind. The production of beet-root su-
gar IN France did not much increase up to 1928,
probably in consequence of the general exhaustion
OF the country consequent upon the long wars. 1t
enjoyed, however, great protection being free of
import, while colonial sugar charged 80 francs
per 100 kiogranmes, equal to IA cents Der
pound. This stimulated the beetroot production
to great extent, inducing large investments in
machinery. II resulted that the homemade sugar
SO far supplanted the cane that the government
revenues began to suffer, and the coonists raised
great Outcry about the loss of the market, de-
mandlng that the beet-roOt sugar should be sup
pressed by the purchase of the interest by the
government. During the agitation Of this matter
the beet-roOt sugar interest lunguished, because
its future uncertain. Finally, in lS43. u tax
was imposed upon it, to be enhanced annually for
five years, when it would be the same as the duty
on sugar, viz, 49f SOC. per 100 kilogrammes
In face of this tax the interest took new
start, and many improvements were introduced,
not only in the cultivation of the beet, but in the
mode OF extracting the sugar. Of the 10 per cent
of sugar which the roots contained, the new pro-
cess raised the proportion obtained from to 8,
and now nearly 3 per cent. The political difficult
ties of lS4S nterfered with the production but it
WAS also stated that Il new and simple mode of
extracting sugar had been discovered by which the
expensive machinery would be done away with.
These fears were found to be exaggerated, and the
manufacture progressed. 1t has been since check
ed by the failure of the corn crops, which, Undue
ing high prices for grain curtailed the extent of
the root culture, and again by tile grape failure,
which induced the dislation Of alcohol instead Of
sugar.
The provisional government of lS4S also main
tanned the duty on beet-root sugar at so francs,
and reduced that on cane from the West Indies to
Al francs, and on Bourbon to fl francs. The 3
francs were supposed to compensate for the longer
voyage. The duties are now equaliZed on all In
Germany mostly in the Zollverein beet-roCt sugar
is protected against cane sugar by duty of 25
francs per 100 kiOgrammes, l-S cents per pound
But the mode there in use, of levying the duty on
beet-root sugar. is said to be better than that of
France In the latter country, the duty is on
the weight of sugar made. This exposes the fac
tories all times to the ncOnVenient visits Of the
government officers. In Germany, on the other
hand, the duty is on the weight of beet-roots de-
liyered at the factories This mode dispenses with
all surveillance upon the manufacturing process,
giving the German manufactures a great adyan-
tage. The production of sugar in the other couu-
tries of Europe has been progressive, but in a
smaller ratio. Ii we enumerate the quantities of
all those sugars that produced annually, the
result is nearly as follows
Cane sugar.......'.. .........tons 205I,6
Palm sugar IUO,OOO
Beet-rOOt sugar. Ib4 o2z
Maple = 24I
Total 2S42 722
But the quantity of sugar from which the Uni