The daily exchange. [volume] (Baltimore, Md.) 1858-1861, 1859-07-08

crust, are suspended like filled purses from the
naked branches-a coveted delicacv for the mon
keys, whose bread they have been called.
But we must not omit to mention the beautiful
blossom which this tree puts forth tits large
as a common plate, and is formed of five circular
hOral leaves, in the centre of which about seven
hundred stamens are grouped. This flower may be
said to represent recned lilliput-umbrella, and
imparts the highest beauty to the tree whose mar
velous physiognOmy we have endeavored to depict.
The most peculiar distinction which exists be-
tween the Baobab and any other plant or tree
known. is its Longevity Adanson had an opportu-
NIFTY Afforded him to observe specimen of it on an
Island OF the Cape, which bore inscription made
upon 1t by an English traveller three hundred years
ago. This circumstance, connected with his own
direct observation and discoveries, furnished him
the means of gaining knowledge of the laws of its
growth by which he found, according to Ocean
dolle's communication, the following proportions
between the age and the dimensions of the tree,
viz:
For tree year old, l 4 inches in diameter, Is
feet high.
20 years, foot in diameter, Is feet high.
80 years, feet in diameter, % feet high
100 years, feet in diameter, 30 feet high.
1000 years, IA feet in diameter, IS feet high.
24OO years, Is feet in diameter, Ga feet high.
5l50 years, 30 feet in diameter, 73 feet high
There being specimens in existence 80 feet in cir
cumterence or 80 feet in diameter this tree certain
ly has no equal among plants in respect to ongevi-
ty, ustifying us in denominating it the oldest or
ganic monument on earth.
As we have already stated there has recently
been discovered second species of the Baobab in
the continent of Australia. 1t has been named Ad-
ansOnid GregOrii in honor of that indomitable man
of science, Gregory to whom Australia owes so mapy
valuable natural discoveries He found it in the
northwestern part of that continent where it grows
on a section of land covering about one hundred
square miles between Glenely river and Anthem
land This affords another proof of the identity of
Australia and Africa in their constituent geological
formations, showing them to date from the same
period OF creation.
LETTER FROM GOVERNOR WISE-THE
RIGHTS OF NATURALlZED CITIZENS
We extract the following from the Lynchburg
Republican:
naturazed friend of this city has handed US
for publication the suboined letter from Gov " Use,
touching the subject of naturalization laws as
affecting our adopted tellow-citizens abroad. 1t
will be seen that the Governor differs with Gen
Cass construction of our laws:
RICHMOND, June l6, 1852
To MAX l.. MAYER, ESQ:
DEAR SGR:-Absence has delayed my reply to
yours of the 10th instant.
, | have not time to elaborate an opinion upon the
letter of Gen. Cass, dated Washington, May H.,
1859, addressed to Mr.. Felix LIE Clere of Memphis
Tenn, saying to him, Standardization in this country
will not exempt you from that claim (the claim
of the French Government to military service from
all natives of France who may be found within its
jurisdiction) eff you should voluntarily repair
thither," (to France.)
My opinion is, that this concession by our Govern
ment is abandonment of one of the most precious
American doctrines ever established by our patriots
for free people And | regret that a Democratic
Administration has endorsed it as laid down by its
Whig predecessor in the Department of State, Mr.
Edward Everett, following the authority of Whea-
ton.
The United States first established the right of
repatriation and the solemn of naturulza-
ton, investing foreigners with citizenship, binding
them to allegiance, and contracting to give them
protection whenever by oath and residence they
should become as native born. The old despotsms
held to the maxim, "Once citizen, always a citi-
Zen." The new Republic set up new refuge of
Liberty, and asserted that birth and nativity should
not limit the rights o. man. She established ''nat-
uraization" of those who chose to expatrate them
selves. 1t was for this declared the last war
with Great Britain. She claimed the right to seize
her native citizens on board our ships. This we
fought to resist We said that when her natives
were once naturalized here they became as if they
were native born. That is in fact the meaning of
naturalization. Well as we would not permit En-
gland to seize our native born, so we would not
permit her to seize the naturazed citizens of Amer
lea, for the that naturalization put them on
the footing of native born.
Again Mr.. Cass may say that he limits the case
to those who voluntarily go to France and are ma
tives of that country. But he admits there, within
her jurisdiction, the claim to military service.
Now, military service is political duty, belong
ing wherever allegiance is due, and, inasmuch as
swear bv oath the native of France, natural
lied here, to renounce allegiance to that country
and to every prince and pOtentate of earth, the
citizen Of France, naturalized here, owes allegiance
by our laws to the United States and has renounc-
ed allegiance to France. She ought not to claim
allegiance of our citizens against our laws.
Again: The naturaiized citizen not only renounces
allegiance, by laws to his native country, but
by the same law we adopt him as one of our citizens
to ali mtents and purposes, and contract to give
him protection give it to our native born
Naturalization is thus a contract between subject
and sovereign; allegiance is the consideration on
the one hand and protection is the consideration on
the other The subject swears allegiance to the
United States and the United States promises pro
lection to him.
True, the laws of every country must prevail in
its own jurisdiction. But this is the law as to mu
nicpal and criminal and commercial relations, no
to political. native, or naturalized citizen OF
the United States, made the same by their laws
may be in France and must observe the laws there
must pay, for example, customs and duties or
penalties for crime there. But neither the one no
more than the other is bound to do military duty
there, because it is political duty which relates to
allegiance and not to residence soournment or
travel in transtu. In word, the naturalized may
be compelled to do and observe in France, but no
more, and the United States have contracted
with him. And political must be distinguished
from other duties as to either class Of citizens.
The old world has never recognized these Ameri-
can doctrines, but they are the true American doc
trnes and the United States is bound to afford pro-
lection in the supposed by Mr.. Cass. He is
but foil owing Mr.. Everett, and Mr.. Everett fol
lowed til European code. That code is diametri-
cally opposed to ours, and think both Mr.. Everett
and Mr.. Cass wrong. They have the European
code and the United States laws for authority. |
would protect naturaized citizens against mill
tary service of other powers to the uttermost ends
of the earth. Truly yours,
HENRY A. WISE.