The daily exchange. [volume] (Baltimore, Md.) 1858-1861, 1859-06-17

!
sophia, IS so great as is generally believed. The
Emperor himself has too impetuous a character to
oe GUIDED by woman, or to be governed by a
man who is much inferior to him in knowledge and
| talents.
81, The events of 1S4S caused him to ascend the
throne much sooner than was expected inasmuch
as tney were the principal cause of the abdication
OF the Emperor, his uncle, in favor of his only
brother, the Archduke Francis Charles, who. on
M .he same day, passed the crown to his eldest SON.
t tne present Emperor. Hungary, not being willing
" the young monarch, constituted
| arePuollc under the Presidency of Kossutb The
victory OF NHvara, gained by Radetzkv on the l4tb
Q! APrll, io49, put an end to the war AGAINST Sar
una ana the Austrlans were then able to convey
all their forces to Hungary.
In the month of May of the same wear tbo En-
| peror Francis Joseph removed to the theatre Of
war, and assisted at the taking of Kaab on the 2stb
OF June. The capitulatiOn of Yilagos, on the 18th
| OF August and the surrender of Comon made him
master OF hungary, which province he treated with
severity
His armies and his policy also made him tri
umphant IN Italy Venice capituated on the 23d of
August, and the King of Sardinia was obliged-bv
the treaty of peace of Milan signed on the 9th Of
August-to pay 100000 of francs to Austria for
the expenses of the war Already master of all his
possessions the Emperor dedicated all his efforts
successfully to recover the prerogative which his
predecessor had lost in lS4S so that in 1852 abso-
lutsm was once more established The only thing
Whlcn resulted from the revolution was the eman-
clPation OF the sers, which supported bv him.
IN 'oreign affairs Francis Joseph sought to re-ac'
qulre the preponderance which his predecessors
exercised In Germany. He took verv active part
IN the affairs Of Scheswig Holsten sent troops to
subdue the Grand Duchy of Hesse which was in in
surrecon against its sovereign and in the Journey
winch he afterwards made to Berlin he established
those friendly relations with the King of Prussia.
wnich had been IG Gterrupted for many years The
PoIlcv Oh Ihe monarch at home was Capitalization
In the Eastern war the Emperor manifested his
sympathles in favor of the cause which ENGLAND
and France defended, concluding with the Western
roWers the treaty of the I'd December. 1854 Not
outstanding, he preserved unto the end the oIo of
medator, and the acceptance by Russia of the four
points OF guarantee, which he claimed in coniunc.
ton with his allies freed him from the necessity of
having having 10 make war against the sovereign who had
saved the Austrian Empire in 1S49 Francis Josenh
afterwards knew how to preserve his nranonda--
ahce IN the Danubian Principalities
=. Inc Emperor directed by himself the administra-
@ lon OF the army, and wished from that time to re-
serve the departments of war In the year 1870 ba
was the object of attempt at assassination con,
nliIteu oy hungarian, by which he received a dam
gerous wound in the neck. Full of love for the ar
my anu ml'itary glory the Emperor of Austria has
announced his intention of placing himself at tho
head OF his troops and that he will take very ar
1--WE part IN the operations OF this campaign
lhls Drler account OF the military talents of the
ounS emperor Will OF course be interesting at this
time. by education as well as by natural disnosi-
tlon, FRANCIS Joseph is a warlike character per
maps even more thirsty for military glory than his
shrewd antagonist, Louis Napoleon Not vet eoh
Teen years OF age in l84S, he left Vienna as was
sad against the will of his mother to enter as vol
unteer, together with his Younger brother tho
army OF Radetzsky. At the battles of Gotta and
9oilha Campagna he first smeed powder and
I distinguished himself by so much personal cour-
age ana so great an impetuosty that old Radetzsky
,eit himself obliged to send home the precocious
BOY to the clap of his mother" In the last cam
palgn OF the Hungarian war he accompanied the
neauquarters OF the army but the direction of the
war oelng entirely in the hands of war council
composed of Russian and Austrian Generals he had
no occasion to distinguish himself
we therefore Know about his talents as general
in-ciei no more than we know about Louis Napo-
leons' II the one, as we may suppose has the adj
vantage OF great theoretical skill, shown and PROV
ed by his stragetical writings Francis Joseph has
at least the advantage of YOUTH which we think is
very valuable on the battle field At the head of
OF nearly 100000 well drilled soldiers he has now
the occasion to show the world if he can lead the
oattahons as well as he can drill them: and Napo-
leon may prove if really spark of the Napoleonic
genius Is IN him, or If is only the ape of his great
uncle. Millions look anxiously on the great drama
now beginning. The curtain is up, and the GREAT
tournament has begun
From the London Lao Times lav Isl
WHAT is CoNTRABAND OF WAX.
As good deal of misapprehension has arisen in
the commercial world as to the RIGHTS and Eabili
ties OF neutral nations in time of war; we propose
shortly to consider what these rights and liabili
tles really are more especially with regard to
British shipping. ~
In order to present the reader with a condensed
trail
merce, we may state that, in the beginning of the
present century, certain rules were formerly laid
down by the British government as applicable bv
the law OF nations to the subject OF these rules
the following are still in force
l. That it is not lawful to neutral relations to
carry on in time of war, for the advantage or on
behalf OF one of the beIligerent Powers, those
branches of its commerce from which they are ex-
cluded In time of peace.
2. That under the description of contrah,nd of
war, which neutralS prohibited from CARVING
to the belligerent Powers the law of nations ~
not restrained by special treaty. includes all naval
as wen as all military stores; and generally all arti
cles serving principally, according to the circum-
stances OF the war; to afford belligerent Power
tne Instruments and means of annoyance to be used
against the other.
). mat 1t is lawful to naval Powers, when en-
gagged in war, to blockade the ports of their enemies
by cruising squadronS bona tide allotted to that ser
vice, and alrly competent to do its execution That
such blockade is valid and legitimate. ALTHOUGH
there be no design to attack or to reduce bv force
the port ort or arsenal to which is applied: and
that the TACT Of the blockade coupled with due no
uce thereof to neutral Powers shall affect not only
vessels actually intercepted in the attempt to enter
the bockaded port, but those ships also which shall
elsewhere be met with, and shall be found to have
Deen destined to such port under the circumstances
OF the fact, and notice of blockade
4. mat the right of visiting and examining neu-
trai VesselS Is necessary consequence of these
principles; and that, by the law of natioro lr,h
unresralned by treaty this right is not in any wav
restricted by the presence of a neutral sh bolivar
having uhder Its convoy merchant ships. either of
its own nation or of any other country. (See ParI
Hist, vol. SO p, 2ll.)
WAR ATTITUDE OF GERMANY-THE CONFLICT OF PRUs-
STA WITH THE OTHER GOVERNMENTS
IrdnSlded from the National Gazette of Berlin 7
1t is really astonishing that the States of the Con
federation having far less interests than those of
Prussia to defend against the foreigner are more
ardent for war than Prussia herself 1t should at
least be believed that our government is most in
OBTAIN as fln
ton OF the confederates who offer her their sup
port
If it is therefore illogical to suppose that Prussia
ought to watch France with less uneasiness than
the States OF second and third order it is obvious
that the warlike hubbub made by some of them has
other motives than the fear of the foreigner As
we have stated, it is neither a suppostion nor a
conjecture for the semi-ollcial journals of the So
condary States have felt that the f their
government is but an affected uneasiness for the
welfare of their private dynastic interests. If
Germany only uses her natural forces as is right;
If she succeeds in giving a firm and single drec-
tion to her million of soldiers; she has nothing to
fear
Germany, when united, can calmly look. as it
pertains to so great and so powerful a nation, at
the threats and towards the frontiers of all her en-
emies. But that dignitied attitude depends on two
conditions against which the private interests of
the princes run counter, and they impatiently
would suffer their realization. The first is, that
the rens should be entrusted to single hand more
completely than allowed by the federal constitution:
that necessity is clearly pointed out by the cir
cumstances that it can no longer be hidden from the
good sense OF the nation, and the egotism of the
Princes fears that should prevail for ever if one
should not give out the idea that the small council
of the Federal Diet also don the curass of the
soldier.
The small council is to be disguised as a general.
One has to raise troops place them on the borders
OF the Rhine, and vote money, all to calm the Ger
man people. Will anything be done with those
soldiers? That is not stated. For the present we
have not yet heard of any fixed resolution or inten-
ton. One does not precisely know for what object
the German Confederation should draw the sword
and II 1t should be asked of those governments the
most impatient for war, how long and how far they
intend carrying the war, it would certainly be diff
cult for them to answer. They wish to raise fed
eral troops without knowing what to do with them.
If persons pretend that we assert something false,
let them state what is proposed; are anxious to
hear it.
Correspondence of the London Stdrl
THE FEELING PARIS.
PARIS, May 29.-There certainly is growing
disposition here to think that all is not done that
might be, and that the Emperor Louis Napoleon is
not likely to throw his uncle's reputation a mill
tary commander into the shade 1t would be diff
cult to say upon what precise facts this feeling is
based, but you know, in this repcct, how lnstInc-
tive, how feminine in its irrationality Is public
opinion. The Parisians have somehow taken to re-
membering that Bonaparte's first great Italian
campaign was affair of forty days, nearly each
of which was marked BY triumph; and they will
not consent to accept either the second edition of
Montebeo, or even Garibadis successes as an
equivalent As to Garibaldi, l find | was quite
iIrbt in; inf of the