The daily exchange. [volume] (Baltimore, Md.) 1858-1861, 1859-07-12
MOBILIZATION.

As in current advices from Europe it is common
to hear it announced that Prussia has mobiized hel
military forces, and as that term may not convey
dehnlte signiflcation to every reader, we have
thought that the subjoined explanation, which
: ! condense from a French military journal, might
i not be without interest d s..r'. .-...
The military system Of Prussia rests upon an or.
ganization which divides the forces of that monar
ohy into two distinct armies the one the army OF
the line, or regular troops; the other the army OF
reserve or the militia, who are called the and,pekr
and which consists of the men who, having
passed through the army of the line, subject to
t0Hd'oehr duty from their twentyfth to their thr
ty-second year. 5na f.f.. r-sE'. t... u .. ...
Besides the andwehr which is divided into first
and second levy, there is also the lamdst,tra or
general levy, which comprises men between the
ages of forty and fifty years.
The landwehr, of the first lew, is assembled but
once year at the central post of the military dis
rict to which its members respectively belong and
here they are drilled for period of fifteen days
These military districts eight in number for the
whole kingdom At the expiration of the fifteen
days devoted to military exercises and maneuvres
each regiment of the landwehr is disbanded and
its members return to their regular rofessions and
vocations. In Prussia the obligation of military
service is incumbent on all.
The second levy of the landwehr consists of men
between the ages of thirtytwo and forty; but this
organization has fallen into decay
The military forces of Prussia, therefore, techni-
cally, consist OF an army of the line landwehr of
the first and second levy, and the landsturm Each
regiment OF the army of the line has a correspond
ing regiment in the two leves of the landwehr; so
that in Prussia there thirty-two regiments of
regular infantry; thrty-two infantry regiments of
the andwe of the frstlevv and thirty two infan-
try regiments OF the landwehr of the second levy;
making altogether contingent of ninety-six regi-
ments of infantry, under the series Of numbers
from one to thirty-two In the cavalry the same di-
vision and regulation obtain.
The army of Prussia is said to be mobilized when
the corresponding numbers of the landwehr of the
first levy are called into service in ction with
each division of the regular army, and as each di-
lV nf
it is at once doubled by the process of mobilization
1t would be trebled if the landwehr of the second
levy were in like manner mobiized but this latter
organization no longer exists, it is sad except on
paper.
The regiments thus mobzed do not leave their
military districts until orders are given to that
effect in consequence of further dispositions. By
the term mobilization" therefore, nothing more
Is meant than simple summons of the andwehr
of the first levy to muster into the ranks at their
military posts, where they hold themselves sub
ect to further orders in connection with the regu-
| lar army.
FEARFUL YoYAGE OF AN EXCURSION PARrY.-Drs-
| AsTER ON LAKE HURoN.-On Friday last party of
| ladies and gentlemen, the large ma iority of
them residents of Toronto, left this city on a pro-
jected excursion to the Saut Ste. Marie The in
| tention of those comprising the company was to
take the steamer ''Ploughboy" from Collingwood
and proceed thence to their destination calling at
| any places of interest on their route But shortly
before the arrival of the vessel at Lonely Island in
x
heads) snapped in half, and it became absolutely
necessary, in consequence, for the safety of the
ship, to shut off the steam The "Poughboy"
pelng, like most or all of the steamers on Lake
Huron, unprovided with masts, she was thus neces-
| sarlly left to the mercy of the winds and waves
which drifted her at their pleasure The danger
OF such position being apparent, some of the crew
| volunteered to proceed in an open boat to Owen
Sound, distance of some seventy-fve miles, to
secure the aid of the steamer canadian to tow
the "Ploughboy into anchorage But long be-
tore the assistance thus sent for could be obtained
the "Ploughboy" had been slowly but inevitably
and helplessly drifting to that dangerous portion
OF the coast lying west Of Chobot Point, and in
spite OF every precaution little before the dawn
OF Sunday morning found the unfortunate vessel
within fifty yards of precipitous rock k-bOund
shore. with heavy swell of the sea setting in
toward it, and gale blowing her directly on the
breakers Immediate death stared all the passen-
sci struck-as seemed nevitabe-in a few minutes
not soul would be left to tell the tale. Husbands
| and wives, brothers and sisters, and all friends
! therefore, took a last farewell, commended them
! selves to Providence, and prepared to meet their
| doom, when they were miraculousy saved when
! just in the very jaws of death. At distance of
only torty-hve yards from land on a lee shore and
IN one hundred and eighty feet of water, the an
| chors which had been dragging for twelve
miles, in the simple hope of postponing the fate of
the ship till daylight caught bottom and held fast
the vessel at that moment beyond all possible help
| from human agency. She remained in that nOs
tion from half past two O'Clock Sunday morning
| until about the succeeding midnight, when the
steamer Canadian from Owen Sound which had
been sent to the rescue, took her in tow and landed
all her passengers in safety at Collingwood at half
! past one O'Clock yesterday. The excursion was
thus broken up, and the party returned at once to
Toronto-7oronto Leader, JMy4
! AN AMERICAN ARMY FOR MExICo-The New York
journal Of Commerce states that negotiations are in
| progress between the Juarez or Liberal Govern
ment OF Mexico and several leading military men in
| fhn IpIf foh Sfata
large American force, to be employed in restoring
! peace and order in Mexico, and to constitute the
| standing army of that country. Gen. Degollado the
w ar Minister of the Juarez Government in now at
New Orleans for the purpose oendeavoring to perfect
the arrangements of this scheme The force neces-
sary to effect the objects in veiw is estimated at
three thousand men, This will form the nucleus or
efficient working part of tk Liberal army and will
be amply large enough, without the aid of native
soldiers, to put down and keep under the horde of
outlaws,who are now devastating Mexico. The plan
as set forth In tie journal, is as follows National
| Lateliigencer:
"The American army will be divided into six re-
| giments, of five hundred men each one of which
will be raised in this vicinity New York. and the
others in different parts of the Union The general
command of the force will be given to an officer
who distinguished himselfin the American war
with Mexico, and whose tried military talent un-
Hnching courage, and great personal popularity re-
commend him a suitable man for the leadership
of the enterprise. The New York regiment will be
entrusted to another gallant volunteer officer in the
Mexican war, who has since filled high and res
ponsible position in the militia service of the State
This gentleman has taken an earnest interest in the
fortunes of the Mexican Liberals, and some time
ago received a colonePs commission from Juarez-
He is the principal operator at this point New
York, and is in daily correspondence with militia
officers in various parts of the State who desire
commissions in his regiment. The amount of mill
tary talent seeking scope for its ambition in the
proposed Mexican movement is so large as to en-
barrass the colonel in making choice of officers
The same remark applies to the men. A regiment
of one thousand strong could easily be raised in the
city of New York alone.
at is not intended to effect the enlistments on
American soil, or to take anv step which NAV in
volve the parties in violation the neutrality
laws. Upon this point it is said that as this Gov.
ernment has recognized JuareZ as the constitution
al President of Mexico and regards Miramon and
his rebels and outlaws, it will interpose no
obstacle to the expedition, the ground that it is
not directed against friendly Power but is design
ed to assist it in the management of its internal
concerns"
INSTANTANEOUS PHoToGRAPHY-A lecture was de-
ivered lately, at No. Haymarket, by Mr.. Skaife
of Vanburgh House, Blackheath, ur on a new meth
cd of employing the art of photography. Several
months ago, as we have already noticed Mr. Skaife
was led to undertake some experiments in relation
to the velocity of shot and SHE'LL and the possibility
of using Photographic means for registering the
character of the motion The phenomena present
ed were of novel and peculiar kind, and they sug
gested the idea of practical application. In the
narrow compass of some four inchas Mr.. Skate
has resumed entire Photographic apparatus,
which can be carried in the hand, and which, work
ing by means of trigger, can be used with ease
and certainty. Mr.. Skaile has denominated his in
strument the pistolcamera and the value of it will
speedily be seen in various ways. The weapon is
leyelled at an object and microscopic photograph
is taken on the instant. Thus the scout may pho
tograph a hostile movement, and the microscope
discloses the position of the enemy. The mariner
at sea can hoist the machine to the very vane at
top OF the mast, and photograph the view around.
The travelling student of natural history can pho
tograph the widest roebuck, the fercest on the
most sudden meteor, the most inaccessible rock
The watchman can photograph the criminal fla
granite delicto. The instrument NAV be made the
means of domestic discipline or endearment the
spoiled child being shown chow it looks when it is
cross" while the enchanted suitor can catch the
sweetest aspect of assent and immOrtaze it for fu-
ture reference Indeed the effect of the discovery
scarcely be estimated to its full extent socially
or practically ly.-Spectator.
WASHINGTON, July 10.-Rush Floyd defeated
candidate for Congress in Virginia, is here, and
reports his brother, the Secretary, improving.
Jefferson Davis has returned to Mississippi to de-
fine his position, and confront Senator Brown and
other rivals, wlSb are holding him to a practical
assertion of his former ultraism.
Douglas is here ON private business, and has not
dined with the President.
After recognizing Juarez and giving him all his
present consequence, President Buchanan hats at
the idea of giving material aid McLaue's project
nj a he Ga5 h1tro