Sunbury American. [volume] (Sunbury, Pa.) 1848-1879, 1859-05-28
oeIeI,or THE WAR IN EUROPE.

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! ORIGIN OF THE WAR IN EUROPE.
The Impending hostilities in Europe have
created desire in among the people OF this
country to know the exact cause Of the war
about to break out Our readers are aware
that the main cause is the attempt on the part
OF Austria to Increase her influence in the
italian States, and the determination Of those
| powers, backed by France and Russia, to re.
sist this pretension. The New York Times
presents this question n'such clear and for
chile manner, that we transfer its able article
to our columns. That journal says:
THE Italian Peninsula. with aud area about
equal to that of New York and New England
ombiued and population of nearly twenty
Eve millions occupies position in Europe
that were it uniIed under one authority, or
leagued 10 one interest, it mpst carry with 1t
the command Of the Mediterranean, and
balance in the South the power OF Germany
in the North. Were the Italian States free
and independent, no power could successfully
undertake to arrogate to itself the dominion
Of Southern Europe. Were the Italian States
subject to any one Of the great Powers, that
Power might undertake the accomplishment
of the dream OF universal European dominion
at least as safely as France in the time OF
Napoleon l., or Spain in the days oil Charles
"
When exhausted Europe fell back 10 1915
from its victory over Napoleon upon the re-
construction of "principalites and powers"
it was felt to be impera,ively necessary not
only that Italy should bo put beyond the
, reach Of any oi the parties to the Holy ALI.
! ance, but also that she should be prevented
, | If har ~
> . ruler could trust his brother ruler with what
Richelea called the key of the w ord," and
: all the rulers were resolved that the Italian
, people should not hold it, Italy kas there
lore divided as follows: To The restored
King Of Naples was given his own realm, the
, | Italian inheritance OF the Spanish Bourbons.
= Upon an area nearly equal to that ot New
: York this sovereign wes to rule over ten mil
lions Of subjects, and the whole Southern re
J rion of the Peninsula. To the Pope was
cenfued on area equal to that of Marylanc
. and Massachusetts with three millions ofpeo
j. pie, u the centre Of Italy, aDd stretching from
;, sea TO sen. An Austrian prince, OF the younE
= branch Of the House Of linpsburg, held Tus
= cany, with two millions Of people and fer
tile region on the west, fully as large as Mas
- sachusetts, locked 10 upon its northeastern
10 borders by the smaller States Of Parma ant
y Modena, also ruled by princes OF Austrian
extraction and alliance, and with combined
l. population Of about million souls. North
10 ern Italy was finally divided By the I'icno ant
and the Lago Maggiore between the House
e. of Savoy and Hapsburg, the former as King
As Of Sardinia, possessing dominion to tn
" West about as Ian q as South Carolinn, wit
s. a population twice as large as South Carroll
na, with population twice as large as thu
ID of New York; the latter as Kings of Lon
bolJ;po a raoinn half M lnru
h. as Maine with population OF about i've mi
n. lions. In these arrangements it pleased tn
a. Congress Of Vienna TO see sure guarante
o! the impotence of Italy TO meanace Ia
AZ peace Of the world.
But the House OF uapsburg had not fol
gotten its ancient motto, and was determine
a not only to retain Lombardy, which had d.
OF scended to il from the inheritance Of Charlt
Is ", ard Venice, which had fallen into il
nd hands in the chances Of the last Napoleon
war, but also to use Northern Italy as its Il
yer for making all the Peninsula its own
ar 1t lost 40 time in beginning operations
* has never ceased to prosecute them II
IA. most formidable engines Of Austrian iuhuent
hs have been the systematic attempts of Il
,rr Italian soyereigus 10 crush their people ba,
,; into the recognition of "Dvne Right" vi
aa to kill the dydras Of Liberty and Law
throughout the States. The ink was hard
ba drv on the Convention Of Paris, when in u
II, 1878, Austria signed secret treat
Of with Naples, binding the King of Naples
vsi rule his dominiors in accordance with {
ms views of the Austrian Government Fl
years later, in 1920 Naples forced her Hi
40 10 Grant her q Constitution. Austria tn
appealed TO this secret treaty, aud by Writ
mo OF it marched en- army into "independen
has Naples, suppressed the Constitution, and (
10o tabiished that Austrian tuteiage which h
~ endured, with tho brief interval Of f
months in l649, up to this time. In lS1
-; Sardinia likewise, but Austria marched Wi
rr, out q secret treaty, and restored despotls
ncc there also. An outbreak at Bologna brouG
Austria into the Papal States, oUe or anott
point of which she has never since ceased
\ occupy. The Grand Duke of Tuscany
strictly Austrian by family and has therei'
10 been left comparatively uncomplimented
tbe the armed presence Of his knsmen. w
inc Parma and Modeua, in l947, Austria conc
u ded treaties allowing her TO take armed p
,us. session of these States whenever "milItg
sral prudence" should require it. Within the ]
age iorty years, therefore. Austria, from rul
five millions Of Italians in one corner OF
ovs. Peninsula, has advanced 10 practical cont
ba. over the whole Peninsula. with the single
ception OF Sardinia, in which state Lbe
49,, has established itself, and has held its {
Dl' with Incompatible spirit and good sense.
The On formal grounds, then, Napoleon
Won has clearly been right as Earopean SO
dral. reign in protesting against the steady inf
telli- tion Of the balance OF power in Italy OF wi
n Austria has been guilty. In these prot'
ring be has simply echoed the less-determined
pre- guags held from time to time by his prede
six sor Louis Philippe, and by the English
, car vernment His right to protest Sard
rned from any invasion OF Austria is eemonstrs
e of on these overt grounds alone.
palm AS a French sovereign, Napoleon, how
er, has other and even stronger reasons
bis present action, not the less respects
that they need not be diplomatically put
the ward. The course OF Austria in Italy, "
Libe- it threatens all the Powers concerned in
freedom Of the Mediterranean, bears dire
neet. upon the future welfare of France. FRI
SO of has nothing to fear from Italy, if the ltu
Iapo- States defined by the treaties OF Niennt
, the really independent. From Italy, as a ii
war Austria, France has everything to fear !;
with the French monarch would be recrsant {
trust who could suffer the process begur
1915 with Naples to be eonsumated
tates Sardinia in 1859. Should Austria, in
nd Of war which she now incites, be wholly dI
beyond the Alps, it is idle to suppose
j are Italy would be transferred to the domnl
~ in