Arkansas true Democrat., 1859-04-27

l ,m i"n occuIs Ill w aShlngton cOun
 .!y. The bottoms are alluvial and exceed
 ingiy fertile The uplands are very ricl ana grow grains, grasses and corn to per lection. The mountain slopes and tops ar, often equally fertile with the bottoms, ane are covered with like growth. The prai rles are rich and admirably fitted for graz ing' There IS no better tobacco soil any where. Wheat harvests range from 12 to 4V bushels to the acre. It is almost always sure crop. Corn yields from 30 to 65 ousheis per acre. Other grains and grasses Tn proportion.
 About one half of the area of Washing ton county Is mountainous" Of the other half-say about one-sixth is prairie. Arkansas soil is as rich as any on the globe. Improved lands can be purchased from s5 to SIo per acre. Lands may yet be enter ed at 50 cents to S1 p per acre. The principal timber is oak of the various kinds: walnut, ash, hickory, cherry, locust, birch, maple, and other forest woods abound.- There are also extensive and valuable pine rles. One of these Is miles from Favette- vile, supports large steam saw mill, shin gle and blaming machines. In any qlanti- ty lumber may be obtained and at cheap and easy rates. We have among us skillful mechanics, every means for building not only cheap and comfortable houses, but elegant and tasty Such houses are not un- common with us.
 The water is pure, cold, sweet, and abun- dant. Bold, clear springs burst from al- most every limestone or churt hillside; af- fording unexampled means for mills and machinery Most of these springs flow through the dryest of seasons. There are many mills already in the country; room for many more. One first class merchant steam grlst mill IS in the town of Fayetteville; four 1rst class water power grist mills within 10 miles. Wheat sufficient for all, and ready market for flour. Several other mills in the county
 Washington and adjoining counties are as healthy as any part of the United States. To those persons who on account of health desire to found new homes, no climate pre- sents stronger inducements than this of Washington and neighboring coun ,ies. 1h 7. ar IS pure, the water fine and the country broken; currents of air continually sweep amid the hills and along the vallies; conse- quently the air becomes never stagnant nor charged with malaria The principal dis eases of this county are levers, the most severe Of which ale typhoid and pneumonia. But sickness here is easily checked if early noticed. We have physicians here of as good repute and skill as in any cline The good health of north west Arkansas is pro- verbal.
 Our winters, with some exceptions, are mild, with some years, no cold weather.- Stock, especially in the less settled portions ot the country, often live the entire winter m the woods and prairie unfed Still feed lng IS now necessary l } months of the year. Frost commonly appears about the first ot November; grasses rise usually about the first of March, though not affording much pasturage until month after This IS tempting stock country, none better this side of Texas or California.
 Our present facilities for market lie chiefly in the navigation of Arkansas river. Van Buren, a town of great business, on the Arkansas about 54 miles distant, is our port. Thence over the Boston mountain" goods, etc., are hauled in wagons. The Arkansas is ordinarily navigable to Van Buren and Fort Smith-a like town four miles oh-from three to nine months in the year. Steamboats ply constantly in the trade between the above mentioned points and New Orleans, Memphis, St. Louis and Cincinnati. Some of these steamboats are owned in Van Buren and Fort Smith
 They bring up the river for Arkansas and the lndiln te ritory west, vast quantities of merchandise of all sorts. Our future facili- ties for connection with the great marts of the east are notable. These consist in the improvement of White river, which then will ench year give several months of navi- gatlon to Washington county. and will hereafter conduce immensely to the wealth ot this county, as well as those below Also we are only 70 miles distant from the terminus of the Missourisouth- branch railroad, hicn terminus will be reached in | the. coming five years. To this point the road naturally Is fine. To our south also
 the terminus of the Fort Smith and Little
 Rock railroad is distant being to us at Van
 Buren) 54 miles To this road a magnif- cent grant of land has been donated by Con. gresS. And considerable spirit begins tc
 be manifested concerning its construction
 Thus 1t will be seen that cross railway ot only l24 miles will unite us some day tc these two great roads.
 Ourpostal privileges are very great, eoua n trv ho,. +bo,. Il. roads nor telegraphs. Daily lines of foul horse stages run through Fayetteville, from Little Rock, Ark. to Tipton, Mo. the present terminus of the Missouri central railroad The California overland mail passes through our town twice week each way-with 8 post office and depot here. This mail Ina. reached this place from San Francisco in 19 day. Passengers have been "put through from St. Louis to Fayetteville in AS hours. These mails are permanent and were called forth by the wants and demands of the people.
 We enjoy abundance of the finest of all kinds of fruit. The apple Is indigenous; as fine apples of the best varieties are pro. duced in this county as in Ohio, Kentucky or New York Hundreds of wagon leads have been hauled from Washington and nearby counties to Texas, yielding hand some returns. This country is in fact the southern boundary of the apple region.- Arkansas peaches are as delicious and per feet as the far-famed Jersey Pears, plums, cherries, indeed all kinds of fruit known to temperate regions are grown here abundant. ly. Grapes also thrive remarkably well the native grape being also of superior quality. Our vegetables are second only to those of California. Fine Irish potatoes are annually raised in great quantities, and the finest of sweet. No rice is cultivated The upland" variety, however could easi ly be raised. The Creek Indians some 90 miles west of us in the same latitude pro- duce 1t, some years in considerable ouanti- ties.
 In cotton, Arkansas exceeds the world It is celebrated and bears premium in market The saline properties of the allu- vial and inexhaustibly rich bottoms of the Arkansas and Red rivers furnish peculiar food and protection to this great and valua ble plant. It can be raised no where else in the same perfection as in Arkansas. both as to fineness of staple and quantity pe1 acre. Very little cotton is grown in Wash ington county, and that simply for domes- tic uses. It is here not a profitable crop.-