The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1859-01-14

I government for which she is 30 celebrated Even
while the fires Of civil war are raging in nearly
all The States OF the republic, her rulers cannot
take themselves out Of that vicious circle of
revolution which has become the normal law of
a change OF administration for Mexican politics.
since the 10th day Of January last two formal
eoycrnmcnis--each claiming to be the supreme
authority Of the republic-have existed in Mexi-
co. President Juarez recognizes the federal con-
ssuiion Of 1857. and his partisans hold nearly
N quite all the States lying on the circumfe-
renee Of the Mexican confederation the present
seat Of government being era Cruz. Until
within short time President Zuloaga held the
central ton Of the ies, claiming to govern
n QUINCY ~ a centralized republic. In this he
tas ho,n strongly supported by the conservative,
or reactioaary party, and the church. The
points Of conflict between these two governments
ARE theses-The conssitutionaists desire to sepa-
rate the State from the church, abolish the
exclusive privileges Of the clergy and army, pro-
claim freedom Of worship and to con6scate to
the use Of the impoverished national treasury
the vast POSSESSIONS In lands and houses, now
held by q few ecclesiastical corporations of
monks. nuns and chaplaina The conservatives
wish 10 preserve 10 the church its property and
influence In the State, and 10 the army those
special privileges which have come down from
the times 81 the fcudal age-
| In this contest the remnants of the regular
army have sided with the church and sustained
zuloaga; from which circumstance has followed
the curious spectacle, that though always gain
ing the victory when face TO face with the volun-
teer soldiers 81 the constituiionalists. the con-
sentative army has never been able TO subdue
the country. zuloagas government, when es-
tablished In January last. contained only small
Sanianista element; for though the remnant Of
the army desires TO recall Santa Anna, the digni-
| taries Of the church do not wish 10 do 20. But
early last summer change took place In the
Cabinet, and the Santanista element preponderat-
ed The object Of this clique was TO secure the
recall Of Santa Anna; and one Of the many
plans proposed WINS a revolution which should
bring the Commanderin Chief Of the Army
into the Executive Chair until Santa Anna
should arrive. We now learn that
double revolution has taken place. On the 10th
of December General Echeagaray, the able
commander Of The conservative forces on the
Vera Cruz line OF operations was proclaimed
President by his division at Ayutla- This move
ment was not seconded by the garrison Of the
capital, which proclaimed as President General
Robes, recently Mexican Minister at wsAhing-
ton. He convoked Congress of notablcs In the
capital, and that body elected General Miramon
the active commanderinchief Of the army, and
director Of the campaign In the North. II IL
added that General Robes win hold power until
the return Of General Miramon, who il march
ing rapidly on the capital, Mt the head of body
Of cavalry. What course General Echeagaray
has pursued, and which party he has joined, we
do not yet know.
The whole Of this affair looks 10 us very much
like the celebrated Arroyo Zarco plot. after the
fight Of President Arista, In 1853 which resulted
in all the parties to II being cheated out In
that scheme General Uraga, commander of the
revolutionary forces that overthrow Arista; Gene
raj Robes commander Of the troops Of President
Caballos, the legitimate successor of Arista,
Haro and the priest Miranda, (now In Mexico,)
agents of Santa Anna, and eventually General
Lombardini, commander of the garrison Of the
capital, were concerned, and the result was the
elevation of the latter to the Presidency, and the
immediate recall of Santa Anna. In this new
scheme it is not seen yet which are the cheated
parties. Robes and Echeagaray have evidently
been left out, and the question is whether Gen.
Miramon has been brought into power by the
Santanistas as his forerunner, or by the church
party for the purpose Of keeping Santa Anna out.
In either case it would be contrary to all the
antecedents of Santa Anna If he were TO return
to Mexico before his partisans have completed
their triumph. He has been ten several times
chief Of the republic, but he always has come to
enjoy and divide the spoils-not to fight 10 attain
them.
Gen. Miramon is young man, not yet twenty
eight years of age, who has risen 10 bis present
position through his valor and intimacy with
Osollos during the last twelve months. His
first appearance upon the scene of aosfbn was
as lieutenant Of the army under Santa Anna.
After the revolution of Ayutla, which triumphed
with the fight of Santa Anna in August, 1855,
he took the field as guerrllero, in company with
Osollos, in opposition to the federal government
Inscribing Religion and Privileges upon their
BANNER, both Of these young men led preca-
rious and eventful life of warfare against the
constituted authorities. The revolution Of Ia
cubaya, in January last, found them in despe-
rate straits in the hills around Mexico, and
they rode in all haste into the city, TO
join the insurgents. 1t was the reckless valor
of Osollos and Miramon that turned the tide of
victory against President Comoniort zuloaga
was chosen President; Osollos became CON-
mander-in-chief Of the army, aud he appointed
Miramon as his second in command. They acted
together in the North against the constitutional
ists until the death of Osollos, few months since,
when Miramon succeeded him as commander
in-chief of the army. In all the campaigns Of the