The weekly pioneer and Democrat. [volume] (Saint Paul, Minn. Territory) 1855-1865, 1859-02-17

uOpiChi SuuuNtcF hc suuJSSt, uut ~
situated for the enjoyment Of the sea breeze
The average annual temperature Of Havana is u
deg. Fahrenheit, which constitutes, ss will be
recollected, eur most delightful summer wealth
or. And during = residence Of some six weeks
on the Island Ia December and January, did
not observe q variation Of deg. from thAt--the
highest poiut indicated by the thermometer
having been 81 deg. and the lowest I? deg.
The coolest day known on the Island the last
thirty years, WAS in Deo., 1875, when the mcr-
curry fell 10 so deg above zero, aud the warm
est WAS Ia June OF the same year, when II rose
u 50. II will be recollccted that In Minnesota,
We not unfrequently In the summer, see the
Thermometer NJ % or even ~ deg. some ten
degrees warmer than the most extreme heat
known on the Island. II IL true that the yellow
fever prevails In the summer, In three or four
cities, but Of milder type than il usually found
In some Of our Southern cities. With the eA'
ception OF these few localities, We doubt II any
climate Ia the world, not even excepting that
Of Minnesota, Ia healthier, even for natives OF
this latitude, and We deem II In every respect
incompsrably superior 10 that OF the more
Southern States Of the Union. Lacking the
sluggish streams and low bottoms and marshes
Of these States, II il far less exposed to the ma.
larias aud miasmAs which there prevail, while
the tropical heats are greatly modified by the
delightful sea breeze, which Ii ~ certain and
regular ~ the return OF night and day.
POPULATION OF CUBA-rliE PEOPLE.
The population Of Cuba amounts TO
little over 100000 souls, comprising the
European, African, Native American and
Monaghan or Chinese races. OF these last
two, however, there are but few thousands
on the island. The white population numbers
100000, and the blacks nearly half a mill
ion. The Spaniards proper, or natives Of
Spain, on the island, numbers 10000 and the
rest Of the white population consists Of per-
sous Of Spanish descent or CreoIes.
TIM RArIvE srAsiARDs AND cRE0LEs-rH.
OPPREssIOSs OF SPAIN.
Between the native Spaniards and the Gre
oles, though claiming the same nationality, and
often close consanguinlty, the difference IL IN
marked and distinct ~ between men OF dincr.
ent nations, And between their Interests An
impossible gulf yawns-impasnsble 81 least 70
long % Spain continues her present suicidal pol
Icy. These SpaDiards OIL every ONCE Of trust
or profit from that Of Captain General down to
the lowest official. For them are created Of
fces Of trust and profit. 80 fast ~ the iDcTea
means Of the treasury will INIT totally ire
speetse Of the actual necessity for such Offices,
80 far ~ the people are concerned. They are
the rayenous Unsuitable lorches which with ans-
ious maternal icitude, spain uses to deplete
her too healthy infant. They are sent out sole.
ly to govern and bleed the people. aud most
thoroughly are their duties performed. In the
appointment Of these officials the natives u
Cuba have not the slightest voice or choice.
The different, grades Of officers are only respon.
sible to their supetiors, their superiofs 10 the
CsptsiR General the Captain General to him.
self. And a. usual they do not seek Cuba a. q
permanent residence. but only fer the purpose
Of making q fortune. and then returning 10
Spain to enjoy 1t they are united by one CON
mon interest and object there IL no possible
check to their rapacity,--no limit 10 their eBOr.
nous exactions. The sentiments tDgeBdered
by this system between the officials and people
can be no other than hate and fear ~ before
stated, and nothing but the presence OF pow
erfnl army--from every Office or appointment
10 which natives are vigorously excluded. tho
heavily taxed for its mAintenADc"-preyebts the
Creolss from asserting their natural rights, and
wrssking the most terrible vengeance on their
Opprersors Consider for moment the nature
and extent 81 the burden. imposed upon the
wretcbed CIe0les. They Are permitted no
voice IN the Cortss or legislative department ,
the press /. under the ,ilest. most rigorous cen.
sOrshp farmers are compelled tOpAy atsA Of
ten per cent on all their hAryss, save sugat. and
on that article "A per cent. The island has been
under martial law since lh25 over tZ3, 900. 900
Of taxes per znnpm are levied upon the inbsb.
tAnn to be sqnandsred by the home Govern.
msnt Toe Ia msnopolizod by Government /;
-four from the United State. il 40 taxed a. TO
he prohibited ia order tina, spain may furnish
All Inferior article at ekOTbitaht rates six per
s0ns or more cannot meet In private without
beng liable to police intrusion /: there ~ 3
stamped paper made necessary Tor special con
tracts costing eight dollars per sheet; no goods
either In or oct OF doors eau b. sold without q
license the natives Of the Island are excluded
entirely from the army, the Judiciary. the treas
ury and the customs the military government
assumes the charge o. schools the grazing ii
cattle oI public isods 10 taxed sxorbitaBtly
newspapers from abroad, With few exceptions.
are contraband letters passing through the
post are liable t. he opened 81 any time. and
those 10 this cougry from bon residents ~ the
island usually are eshing On the coast IL for.
hidden. being q government monopoly plan
tSrs are forbidden to send their sou. 30 the I ni
It'd States Tor education the slave trade u se.
crstly encouraged BY government, the officer,
receiving large smOigmsbt- from that source
no psrson can remove from one house W and
other without obtaining a government permit
al cattle the same az yDods, must pay siI per
cent OF Hslr saids w government IN short
every pDssibie slbtsrfngs "a fs.ortsd 10 BY the
g9yeTnu.s 8i 90 cia,. 10 rob the people, and from
tbsr sKort.tsnt d'msbd- tksYe IA 10 sppsA
or q such be EonEaiy Allowed, II Of 90 *
yeusiys snd cgmbrr.Gnle q nature, a. 10 b
Practically ssAiss. /; oil dOBbtIs.s he
,Osfes q! wonder - m4cy how tbs compare
uss'y small STAND. with population, oil told
bot exceeding a miiii9n aud halt, can sufyiy'
srrh Dppfs-siys t4Istop--ssch ENORMOUS trib
gts q. ~ levied poo u. I'M, ~ordeT vii cease
LD~~seT, upon 40 actg4i inspecuDn u the mar
Weldon. pfpigctysBsss II the sol, and The IN
u4snNs ra'sfsl resource. aud ~,sith 81 pnici
DC have spoken, bot the fol msAsaf. and -
? tent n whrh language wholly faii. q stpres.
az o. On PER sEEgIn oftsIss' Why 90 h.a
+ coz dsrahis s.i =, home ABOUT the tive n.ii!
T lon 90 ana mauy pers9Gs LDsssiy believe
f that even 20 NEE, tn sbhlll in,sfts, Ca 'hi
sun 90 pf0's AT oDsfSgs burden Hut ~
pLo- priI 20. repeating Nh prDcs.. Auhn4i
I IL. ~J4.! Gof b. heavier tar W proportion q
/ our y0pslsuDl. ihan - psid ny the ihA.5it.HL
, - f.ha ~ mia : a the .ek I1uuf .fIga