The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1859-02-27
80 uo SUNDAY MORNING. FEBRUARY q, 1852

rably Austrians have filed every civil and military oacs
in Lombardy and Venice and have succeeded admirably
In making themselves exceedingly deiested. The Iom-
bardo Venetian provinces have, on an average been
burthened with 10000 Of the Austrian troops, while
40o Italian conscrps dawn from these provinces are
obliged 70 serve Austria IN Hungary and In Croatia.
THE MODERN TROUBLES.
In 1920 and 1921 the satisfaction the Italians led 10
Charles Albert, Of Cavignano relative Of the tnen King
Of SaI dinia and heir presumptiye 70 that throne,
placed himself a. the head of the movement In
tended 70 free Lombardy and Venice from Austria,
and to unite Ialy in a constitutional monarchy.
The movement was, however, failure, and Charles
Albert accused Of treason TO the Carbonasi but
his guilt or innocence never established. About
I've hundred Of the leading In Itly then
executed and many imprisoned and endured horrible
suferipgs-amoDg the latter Silvo PcIlco Gonfaoneri
Forest Caatia. From that tune insurrectionary move
mens have been attempted to free ombardy and yence,
but they have been easiy crushed by Austria In March,
i848 when revolutionary sentiments had fully ripened
haired Of Austria and the spirit of freedom abroad
in Eu ope, the republican movement burst and
successful in establishing republics in Milan and Venice
The Ausrians reuaned in possession of oay three for
tresses, and their communication With Germany was
tirey cut on. The before Carbonlr Charles Albert,
ing King OF Sardinia, entered onbardy head
his troops, prccaiming that hc gong brother
to aid his brethren By universal suffrage the Venetans
and the LON barcs received the King VINO at once united
Ionbardy and Venice To Piedmont and formed a coust
tutopal government which he called Rerno de,poNa ~
liza, Uhe kingdom Of Upper Itay) The King Of Ssr
di0a vanquishcd by the Austrian troops gave
up Lombardy and Venice, and abdicated the battle
Sardinia. Charles Aberts heart was crushed by this
reverse and soon after he ed exile in Opporo. The
Of the assistance Of France aud England but dsap
pointed, and had TO conclude peace with Austria. He
nevertheless sl cherished the policy Of father in
seeking possession Of the Lombardovenetan provinces;
and has kept that policy in the minds Of the people the
adoption OF the tricoor nag-the emulem Of national
unty-and has likewise been particular in his attentions
political exiles from Lombardy and Venice which has
led the charge against him of aiding and fostering the dis
contented He has governed we'll his subjects, and
in onaA In fha oufTar ncpkha
governments He has raised fine army for such small
naton and took part with England aud France in the
Crimea with view to their assistance in the present
movementat least he is so charged. The charge looks
well founded and the King has rather encouraged s
timents than opposed them in Italy, as il has rallied
around him many who look for the regeneration OF Italy
TO Sardinia, supported by these Powers
ITALY BEFORE THE LAST PEACE CONGRESS.
At the Congress Of Paris in 1855, tho French Minister
Count Waewsk introduced the condition of things In the
Papa States and spoke Of the readiness Of the French
government to withdraw their troops from Rome when
the Pope ready 10 dispense with their services and
hoped that Austria would pursue the line OF conduct
and withdraw her troops from the papa domnions.
Austrian oppression in Lombardy and the French Minis
ter thought that the Congress might give hint TO Bomba
Of Naples about her despoism Lord Clarendon was for
troops and better government Count
Orlo the Russian Minister had n0nstructons and Count
Boul the Austrian Minister, did not think himself abery
to discuss matters belonging TO independent States not there
represented The Sardnian Minister again spoke and
planned Of the constant increase OF Austrian troops in
Northern Italy, which obliged his government to main
tain large army footing 10 watch their frontiers;
and besides, the msmanagemcn OF the King OF Naples
and the Pope of Rome, in their respective domnons
creating rebellion dangerous alike TO Piedmont and to
the peace OF Europe The result of that debate lst
that the penpotentares Of Austria joined in the wish
pressed by Count Waewsk that the state of affairs in the
domains Of the Church might be such as TO permit
the Withdrawal Of the French and Austrian troops; and
3D. that the majority Of the did not dis
particular in the Kingdom Of Naples, might be EN-
cacious.
THE PRESENT STATE OF THE DIFFICULTY.
Peace
port has occurred between France Sardinia and AUSTRIA
in direct manner but the Pope and Napoleon have
been less friendly, and Austria and the Pope have in
the opposite proportion, become more friendly From the
establishment Of his Holiness the Papal throne by
marked out for ttek assassins pistol, stetto and deto
ma ang bombs, wheb has led him frequently TO remon-
SION of the people the Papal States as he justly con
that the Italians hold him responsible for their
present condition Inc rope tnrns cold shoulder upon
whenever pleases him. which France is only willing
do the assurance OF Austria doing the thing.
The Emperor of Austria, by signing the Concordat
with the Pope about three years ago. which he favored
the wishes OF the clergy has become the darling Of
the Church and Of all the Catholic monarchs-he has the
thus Austra's favor and preponderance growing in
ltay without alarm. His deep affection for his uncle
and his cherished plans tor Italy the suspicion that
he aims at making Italy subservient to France his
uncle did. he is suspected Of having objection to
making the Pope his chief chaplain giving southern Italy
TO his cousin Muat to joining to Piedmont Lonbardy and
Venice and in this attaching the kingdom of Sar
dina as ally to the French empire Be these his plans
no, he is suspected by the Italians who view the
present difficulty and talk Of for liberty as q mon-
srous deception. The overthrow of Austria by these
Powers would only be O change of names and masters
and the freedom Of Italy postponed for score of years.
During this agitation many Of the moderate republicans
in Italy have approved Of the course Of Sardinia hoping
10 afterwards profit thereby but the leading revolutionary
spirits stand aoof and wait for the chances determined
to have nothing to do with either Of the the
struggle; but II favored by fortune and the confusion of
war, ready TO raise again their tricolored flag and
the Of liberty and trust 10 their defence Of their
rehs In every portion Of Italy n there fermentation Of
this republican character and should the present growing
70 war Europe will in all likelihood more stir
ring times than anything that has been witnessed during
the present century
THE POSITION OF THE OTHER POWERS ON THE oUEs-
TION.
England standing aside from the dsputants watching
the troubled waters, has probably done prevent
collision between Austria and Sardinia than any pru-
dence Of their own Who will strike the frst blow is,
S the all sh 70 nv wn men, and until
part England will take in the Italian affair At present the
government and press Of Great Britain sngularly
harmonious In condemning the Of Sardinia and
in their warnings that Power against appeal 10 the
sword Sardinia alone, under any circumstances would
never think Of measuring swords with Austria. There
ia no comparison between the forces Of the two Powers
p point Of numbers That she has counted on the
assistance If France everywhere and in everything evil
dent but the other Powers have demonstrated with
France obained-so the English Premier says-the
from that that unless Austria
steps treaties and NEEDLES with Piedmont, Napoleons
troops will remain on the northern side Of the Alps and
themselves with whatever he find for them To
do Austria has every reason therefore, 10 be prudent
and to cautiously guard her possessions; and from
all appearance she not likely step Of own ter
rtory the warthe Emperor Francis Joseph
has declred The only hope OF war, apprehension
of in Victor Emmanuel irritating the quick tempered
Emperor Of Austria, and in the latter in moment OF pas
son to wh he no stranger giving the order TO march
into Sardinia
Now that affairs are war footing in northern Italy,
the part Austria with (as reported by German jour
nas 16c 00) men, Sardinia alike prepared with accord
ing 10 Turin ournas 900 men 70 do battle and France
with everything readiness TO assist the latter the other
European Powers have been obliged speak out on the
question. Not single word Of sympathy has been ex.
pressed by hem in favor Of France and Sardinia Set.
ting aside Bonba and the princes Of Italy, whose cause s
with Ausra their protector the whole Of the Euro
pean poenats regard alike the difficulties that
OF jealousy ietween France and Austria. In the event
Of Sardinia oIeniDg the war; there greater probability
Of Austria beng supported by them all than by taking
sides with her opponents; but when IL ghtng
right and sense Of duty so often made subscrvieul 70
taking part the struggle, that there s no telling where
either Of them may be found before the war ended