The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1859-01-24

SIS l2a for new mess an at ST. so FOR old and prime at
SIC 40 sl3 So Sugars dm, with sales Of about
eco bids, chiefly New Orleans 40 boxes, full
rriccs corce quiet but firm. Feigh. eng lgemeuts
W re light, and without change of moment in rates.
ueFe was further movement in spices Two cargoes Of
pepper were sold one 600 bags by the Oak and the
otter 800 BAGS ex John Patton, both priv ate terms
ard $50 bags sold in lots at CSC, hell a, c..
and 10 bags pnento sold at &c.
Iiae Srsn' Changes In Europe and Amerlcs
The Work Of the Two Statesmen of the
Age.
The slackwater period in politics and diploma
cy that has for some time ruled the world has
passed away, and an epoch Of new political
changes and complication of policy, both in Ell
rope and America, is already begun. The initia-
ton of this new order Of things is mainly due
to two statesmen, whose administrations of public
affairs have been marked by no ordinary ability.
To Louis Napoleon in Europe, and to James Bu-
chanan in America, is due the honor of establish
ing views Of public policy that will change the
entire face of the political world.
When Louis Napoleon first attained power in
France he was accepted generally by the world
as fool, who would not last long, but would
soon give place to ADLER men. Ten years have
elapsed; and in that time what great changes
have taken place in Europe In France the
names Of Louis Philippe, Guizot and Theirs, are
scarcely remembered their policies have left no
impress upon the nation, and their craftsmanship
has paled before the achievements of Louis
Napoleon. And it is not alone in France
that his policy has been ielt Founding
the interests of his dynasty upon popular
support, his policy has presented strange
blending of liberalism and despotism. By its
workings the character of nearly every cabinet
and the policy Of every throne in Europe have
been changed, and their guiding statesmen
showed from the stage Espartero and Narvaez
have alike disappeared from public view in
Spain, Manteuffel has sunk from power in Prus-
STA, Nicholas II. and Nesselrode rule no more in
Russia, Palmerston has waned in England, and
even in Austria Metternich has not been able to
return to power. The Baron de Buol there, and
Cardinal Antonelli in Rome, are the only remain
ing opponents of the political systems that are
passing away. With these changes Of men the
most important changes Of policy, both as re-
CARDS internal and external affairs, have been
produced in the several cabinets.
How these great changes have been produced
and men, who in their day have been held as
giants of intellect, were set aside, is evident to
any one capable of generalizing the political
events Of the age. The overthrow of the first
Empire resulted in the Congress of Vienna,
where Europe was portioned out among the sove-
reigns ruling " by the grace of God" AT that
Congress general policy Of government was
founded, which has been pursued by the
statesmen of Europe with great pertinacity,
the spirit of which may be summed up
in the single expression-resistanc to
the popular will. The result of that policy was
the great explosion of popular wrath in 1s4S,
which upset many thrones and threatened the
princely families Of Europe with destruction.
Upon the great tide of that movement came
Louis Napoleon, with his mission to re-estabish
that Empire which the Congress of Vienna had
endeavored to erase from the face of Europe. To
DO this his first step was to ally bis rule with the
popular will in France, and then to stimulate the
elements of popular growth outside of her
borders. Though in carrying out this policy he
has adhered to the forms of the most centralized
despotism, the result has been the triumph of con-
stitutonalism in nearly all the countries Of
Europe. In Spain the constitutional rule of
Queen Isabella has been consolidated and is
SOW maintained through his assistance. Sar-
rtia owes her existence to him. Russia has
cumc cut Of the Crimean war with the overthrow
Of the theories Of Nicholas and the emancipa-
ton of her serfs. Prussia has seen liberal
cabinet Installed upon the ruins Of the old one:
and even in England, the men who, like the
Duke Of Wellington and Palmerston, constantly
opposed concession to the popular demands.
are rapidly giving place to those who labor in
consonance with the new order of things.
Austria, and the secular rule Of the Pope of
Rome, only remain of the old order of things es-
tablished by the Congress of Vienna; and they,
too must soon pass away.
While this new state of affairs is being estab-
lished in Europe by Louis Napoleon, an equally
great statesman is initiating policy in America
equally in consonance with the popular develope-
ment Of the age, and destined to produce like
fruitful change. Mr.. Buchanan is laying the
foundations Of policy for our government that
will be felt long after be shall have passed away
Hitherto our growth has been the result of
external circumstances rather than of defined
policy on the part Of the government In fact
we have grown from popular action alone. It
was the course pursued by party in Kentucky
which sought the opening Of the Mississippi river
to commerce. that forced the government into the
purchase Of Louisiana. The action of the
Louisiana filibusters against Western Florida led
the government into the purchase Of that PENN
sula. Texas came into the Union through the
movements of the popular masses. California
was conquered by band Of emigrants from
Missouri before the Mexican war broke out And
Cuba, Mexico and Central America are at this
moment the objects Of popular contemplation and
incentives to popular movement, Hitherto