The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1859-06-21
THE WAR IN EUROPE.
Of the ryrol- The Hungarian
Movement,
10. &C., &c
THE TYROL.

10, &c., 10.
THE TYROL.
TIE RECENT MOVEMENT IN TIE TYROL-ITS MILITARY
MPokTANCE-DsSCRIPrfON OF the TfROL-INTE-
RESTING history OF IT-wHY 1T Is FRIENDLY
TO AUsTRIA-THE vALoR OF THE TyROLEsB BOTH
MEN AND w0MEN-HEROIsM OF HOFER-rHE MI
LANEsE INSURGENTS IN THE TYROL IN lS4S-wHY
VERONA Is SO IMPORTANT In A MILITARY SENsE
BY the news OF the bate OF Magenta, which we pub
hshed yesterday, it is stated in despatch from Vienna
that hrough the opportune arrival Of the CORPS dare
of Field Marshal Clam CALAIS the battle aeld the Aus
ians were victorious alter hot fight, and the French
we're thrown back the Ticino." BY previous news
from Europe We had learned that these troops, forty
Thousand strong, had been despatched by way Munich
in Bavaria, TO occupy the Tyro that great natural for
rtss OF Austria, projecting like q wedge into Italy, be-
ween Lnmbsrdy and veresia, with the fortress
Of Verona al liz foot. In order 10 dece,va
was stated that this body OF men were merelv
sent TO protect Germany from French invasion
through the passes Of the Tyrol. In commenting ON
the news one Of the French papers that this
was violation OF the neutrality Of Bavaria and an un-
opposed passage OF these troops through her territory
made her party to the The journal further re-
marked that the real object Of this corps was 70 pounce
upon the OF the French and Sandman armies 60 soon
~ they had advanced sufficiently far into the Austrian
provinces. By the present it very obvious what
the object was, and their opporuns arrival on the battle
field at Magenta after the nght had begun accounts for
the obstnacy Of the conflict and great of e They
must have made rapid marches in order be 90 promptly
on the ground. Their shortest.rouse in measurement,
though, perhaps not in time, would have been by the
stelvio pass which, however, would brought them
into close proximity with Garibald and the insureeut
Valtelline Their most road by the renner
pass to Verona whence the railroad could take them
almost 70 the field No doubt Clam Gallas left behind
him strong force in the Tro care Of the pssses
Further, the operations Of Garibaidi in the vateine
besides being revolutionary, have sso II Ia believed
some reference 70 the neighborng Tyrol passes
which would be DO important secure. description
and history Of the Tyro will therefore be appropriate at
the present time.
Formerly the Tyrol distinct from the Voralberg
which sdons TO the west, and separated from IL by
lofty ridge called the Eagles Mountains Now the yo
riberg pcorf orate1 with the ryrol and is known ..
province Of the latter.
The Tyro is an extensive and very mountainous coun-
try inferior 70 in Europe for grand and romantic
scenery extending from Italy TO Germany, and from
Carinthia 70 The Swiss Grsons has its name from the
castle OF Tyrol, situated on mountain Nerau. It
comprises about square miles, Across the chain Of
the Alps, from Innspru X to Trent measures 70 mes
The Tyrolese chiefly OF German origin, and their
country has been called the "German Swtzsrand be.
ing, respect Of its physical features, continuation Of
thar country There are about 200 900 Italians in the
southern part Of the country The population which in
1850 $50 1885, 10 about Million and is nearly al
Catholic Avery small portion Of the population ia COL
ected in towns Innspruck, the capital contains ony
about 600 Inhabitants and Trent ooo The latter IL
the place the celebrated Catholic Council Of Trent
held The chief wealth Of the people, in Swzer.
land consists In their cattle and other live stock The
transit trade between Germany and Italy occupies large
portion Of the population Many the inhabitants eiers.e
70 neghboring countries sborers like the rish They
hardy and brave and celebrated for their use OF
the rife. In the present they have Already dstn.
guished themselves for their deadly aim The Tyroi s
Of the most ancient possessions of the House of Aus
tra, and has always been very loyal it. One reason
isths province enjoys more liberty than any other DOR
ton Of the Austrian domnions The mountansers have
nothing which they be robbed by the central DOW
err and they have National Diet of their own composed
OF the nobility clergy and deputies Of to WINS and rura
districts, who meet in one Chamber.
After tho Reformation the Tyroese were persecuted IN
account of their creed, and many of them rather than
conform bS compu sion to the sbshed religion left the
country which they 30 psssionaey loved Crafty Aus
tra soon perceived that it was her interest to pursue
mhder poicy; freedom OF conscience was allowed and
the Tyrole peasantry lightly taxed than snv
is almost the only corner Of the dominions Of Austri
where people with all the love of liberty have rem.ned
really attached TO the dynasty Of Hapsburg During the
Succession war the French entered the Tyro on one side
and the Bavarians on another, time when there were
no troops to defend the country but the peasants blocked
the passes broke down the bridges and prevented their
junction. nor was single man found who could be br,bsd
to carry intelligence from army to the other impossi
bic as was to guard all the passes among the mountains
In 17A4 this country again became seat of war; and
the French at that time in alliance with Prussia and B.va
ria invaded it. The people mAss-a chain of fire
along the mountains was the signal of nsurrectonthe
women drove away the cattle into the recesses of the
frozen mountains and the men, supplying the want OF can
with the trunks of trees hoped with IRON comnead
the French to retire. The Tyro resisted the French in
the wars with Austria, in Germany and Italy, which fol-
lowed after the first French Revolution and sometimes de-
feated them with great slaughter. Its great natural
strength consisting OF its mountainous character and mar
row denles, enables small body Of resist large
force Butthe genius Of Napoleon triumphed alike over
natural obstacles and the strategy Of ordinary generals
By the moet extraordinary DARING 1885, he gained DOG
session Of the dees Of the ryro and wurmser with
his Austrians out of their stronghold, whittier
they had fed after losing 10000 men. But
this the exception to the rule and the Tyroese whom
Napoleon had conciated during his own presence after.
wards arose and drove out vaubois whom he had left
behind to guard It, In l7e7, when Bonapate was adding
conquest TO conquest they ae and descending
like torrent from their native mountains drove the
French out Of their country and had not the Austrian
Emperor Francis been terrified the treaty Of Leoben
by the menaces Of Bonapare who well knew the danger
Of his own situation the French General and bis army en-
tangled in the dees Of the Syrian Mountains mgn. taen
have been def royed, the Tyrolese hal made them
selves masters Of Verona at the foot Of their mounts
and were joined BY all the neghborng mountaneers 70
the number OF $4,000 men. In 1897 they Msssna
with great slaughter, out Of the vorslberg (he
famous country west Of the Tyro proper but official
ly incorporated with ~ and in 1901 and 1905 they
also successful, particularly in 1906 when thsy
thrice defea Ney and the Bavaans By the treaty OF
Presburg in January, 1906 their country was delivered
up 10 Napoeon's Bavarian ally with the stipulation