The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1859-07-17
I1rERssrIse LscrURE ON ITALY.

INTERESTING LECTURE ON ITALY.
rh. Present Italian Movement and It's
Lesd.rs-Lecsuro by Prof. Gaj ami.
Professor GugieImo Gsjan, Italian resident Of this
cty Who himself labored and suffered for italian In
dependence, lectured on Wednesday evening At the
Church Of the Purtsns, Union square, the present
struggle In Italy and is leaders. He said
The present Of Italy excites general sympa
thy every scholar every admirer OF beauty
music and arr will always have two native Countries
Isy and his The enemies OF human progress the
rockers Of old diplomacy may say that there no hope
for Italy, but sensible believe that Italy, With
oil her great past will have no future. So happens that
every effort Of Italy towards independence and
liberty u hailed with expectation and hope, though all her
former attempts have failed.
We must confess that the name Of Italy still possesses
mysterious oharm its spell be broken either by
caumny or oppression for 1t general feeling
chat after having passed through long years Of SUFFERING
Italy will be called again high desnies. This may be
An underlined and speculative sentiment the hearts Of
foreigners; but Italian believes II. He believes tina
the Italian history though three thousand years DID,
mot yet nnshed and its glorious pages yet DO
written.
In this faith lies the secret by which the Italians come
out unbroken from every trial BY this faith Italian
patriot can live twenty years In deadly dungeon and
mount scAbd with smile; for he feels confident that
his suffering and his sacrifice have added stone 10
the great edhce Of the future Of Italy.
There 10 be life for nations well for ndi
viduas An entire nation does not die at once but 1t
loses existence when gradually superseded violently
oppressed by another absorbing Power The new nation
which results from this combination has Q history
and new life. The Middle Ages a remarkable
epoch for such transfer uation OF all the European
tions Italy excepted These highly traditional people
never united 90 70 form nation with any Of the
invading barbarians Many OF them successvey were
coDquerors and masters but always strangers in Italy
Between them and the natives fusion possbIe
and Italy has been happily styled, "rhe tomb of all
coDquer0rs"
The life Of other nations has been renewed by trans
formation that Of the Italian people by their suerings
No ober nation has suffered Greatness
has been the lot OF Italy during many centuries ALI her
men OF genius have shared this Inheritance When the
door Of life opened for Of genius in Italy he
could read 1t his fatal sentence: "Thou shalt be
great, but unhappy" ae does not Withdraw however.
Firm calm proceeds TO his mission for the world
though the world may know him not. Such the
with DANTE Mscchiave, savonarola, rasso Columbus,
Gaileo-all the Italian men Of genius.
is remarkable fact that the Italians, though polit
cay divided sms independent States, though FREE
auently invaded by baroariaus, and though almost
OPpIecs0u N~S' ~~'~.~o
their nationality. For instance the Acstrians have been
n Milan during the last two hundred years. but not
word Of their language has been adopted by the natives,
no ntermarrages place, aud Man in science, art,
music, poetry and nat onal sentiment Ia probably more
Italian than Florence Venice, which have suffered only
. few years of foreign occupation.
remarkable, also, that the sentiment Of nationality
and the love Of Independence have always been strong in
Italy, and yet the Italians succeeded in forming
.It ocfohf
efforts TO that object There must be- doubt, power
full and permanent cause by which all the efforts Of the
Italians have defeated The old tale that it Ii owing
TO permanent Of degradation, accompanied BY
sotai loss civil virtues, has long been exploded Only
the Parrot Of an old dplomatiss would repeat now for
the benefit Of his master.
Lately however, . Boston gentleman, who Is great
politician great writer, great speaker, great every
thing has announced and quite interesting disco
very He literally admits that whatever there s dis
tnc.vely or peculiarly great in any other people Of
Europe seems collected and combined in the Italians
Whether as merchants Mariners artists or artisans
es men Of letters soldiers or a. states
men, neither England France nor Germany can surpass
the men of Italy" But at the same time, says he, the
Italians incapable Of making government for them.
selves; and 30 all times it has been, and the Italians
have always called foreigners to govern them Is they DO
now"
6tfongo language luueou W HAaA VIII o~uiuA
not ignore the principal glory Of Italy consists in
having given the world her laws and civil institutions.
The science of government born In Italy, and the
italian municipal government ia still the representative Of
that self government which made you Americans 30 pow
enul and great
There s hardly any people easy to be governed %
he Italians Take the most troublesome Of the Italian
cities abosh the despoc there, and the most
perfect order will reign Immediately. Such the case
7 fad nj unnu1 and
left the State without any kind Of government. Such
also was the case lately with Tuscany and the Romagna
Despotsm was destroyed Sardinia in 1848 from that
moment Sardinia has offered noble example Of obedi-
ence to law, order, prosperity and wise government.
Had the gentleman alluded to read Macchiavei, whom
he quotes place, would have found that Maccha-
ve from laughing in despair at the idea Of uniting
Italy was eloquent when endesvorng per-
eusde Lorenzo Medici put himself the of
national movement concluding with these words
Let Italy the appearance Of
syss % I've h. would Ss III
provinces wbih have suffered from foreign INVASION Whist
would
MON the has made indignant Take
bsyeI,asd The saying e Fsissch Virtue against isrocy
,oor dead tsan
These words, and the whole Of Macchsvells speech,
must have been repeated many times to King Victor
Emanuel before threw his into the field OF Lom
hardy where thai OF his father lost ten years before
in the cause.
And Mscchiave tells plainly that 1t WAS the Popes
wh0 f'nOw for religions sake asd now for their
bon ceased to Call foreigners into Italy and al
ways excite new wars and after they had given power TO
prince the Popes repented and 1eavored him,
and, while too weak to Italy themselves, would
never allow any one to hold that province"
And, long before him. Dante the greatest Of Ial-
iaps bad proclaimed tue truth that the division
foreign nysson and all other evils Of Italy, the
or OF the Popes Dante aspired entire be-
tween Church and State Wnen the church should be re.
duced to the simplicity Of the Apostolic times then Italy
would take again among the nations high rank thst
belongs her. Dante had lofty hopes Italy He meant
to prepare great future for her The Italians have
raised Themselves e the tnes Of bis hopes and never
lost faith in him.
There s q RreA tness In misery and SORROW and
this consists indemltable consaucy Italy her