davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Western Reserve chronicle. [volume] (Warren, Ohio) 1855-1921, 1859-11-23
CHANGES IN THE MEANING OF
WORDS.

The following quotations are taken from
a recent work entitled, "a Select Glossary
Of English WOrds, used formerly IN senses
different from their present, in which are
traced the changes of meaning which
many current words have undergone:
Climate.-At present the temperature of
a region, but once the region itself
COrpSe.-Now only used for the body
abandoned by the spirit of life, but once
for the body of the living man equally as
of the dead.
Desire.-"To desire" is only to look
toracard with longing now; the word has
lost the sense of regret or looking back up
on the lost but still loved.
Hag.-One of the many words which,
formerly, applied to both sexes, are now
restrained only to one.
MOante6ank-Now, any antic fool; but
once confined to the quack doctors who, at
fairs and such places Of resort, having
mounted on bank or bench, from thence
proclaimed the virtue of their drugs
Ostler-Not formerly, as now, the ser
want of the inn. having the care of the horses,
but the inn-keeper or host, the ''host-ler"
himself
Mrew-There are now no 'shrews"
save female ones; but the word, like many
others now restrained to one sex, was for
merly applied to both.
.SO1tnet-A ''sonnet" now must consist
of exactly fourteen lines, neither more nor
less; and these with fixed arrangement,
though admitting certain relaxation, of
the rhymes; but "sOnnet'' used often to be
applied to any short poem, especially of
an amatory kind
IStore-This word has mnch narrowed
its meaning. Bath, hot-hOuse, any room
where air or water were artiGcally heated,
was "stove" once.
7O5Gcconist- the seller, onee the
smoker of tobacco.
UrcOpth-Now the uniformed in manner,
ungraceful in behaviour; but once simply
unknown.
UTince-Now to shrink or start away, as
in pain from stroke or touch; but used
always by our earlier authors in the sense
Df to kick.
Western Reserve chronicle. [volume] (Warren, Ohio) 1855-1921, 1859-11-23
ANOTHER TURNPIKE L0C0M0-
TIVE.

A Newark (N.J.) Machine shop has just
completed a draft locomotive for propelling
freight wagons across the plains to
the Rocky Mountains. This iron horse
bullion contract for Major j. r. Brown,
of Minnesota. Indian Agent. 1t consists
o. an ordinary locomotive boiler, two en-
aincs and suitable carriage and steering ap-
naratus. The whole machine weighs about
fourtee II tons, is well and strongly built,
and while exhibiting, recently, appeared to
be under the perfect control of the opera
tor. In resnect of steering apparatus, it is
similar to other machines of the kind, hav-
ing single wheel operated by windlass.
The driving wheels are worked by small
pinion gearing into the periphery of each,
and as the cranks arc attached to the shaft
of these pinlons, comparatively small en-
Zines are used, making several strokes to
each revolution of the drivers; as it is in
tended for draft rather than speed, an ae-
cumulation of force is thus obtained which
would otherwise require very large cylin-
ders.
The principal novelty of the thing is the
arrangement and use of portable railroad
track which it carries along with it. This
consists of two large hoops OF rinds, four
teen inches broad and eight inches in diam
eter, arranged with guides and friction rol-
Western Reserve chronicle. [volume] (Warren, Ohio) 1855-1921, 1859-11-23
THE "OLD DOMINION"

Virginia, during the usurpatiOn of CrOm-
well, declared herself Independent of his
authority, when the usurper threatened to
send fleet to reduce the Colony. Fear
ing to withstand such force, the colonists
dispa tched messenger to Charles II-then
an exile in Flandcrs-inviting the royal
outcast to be their King. He accepted the
invitation, and on the very eve of embark
ing for his throne in America, was recalled
to the throne of England. In gratitude
for Virginia's loyalty, he quartered her
coat of arms with those of England, Scot
land. and Ireland, as an Independent mem-
Der of the British empire, The coin estab-
lish these facts. Hence tho origin of the
phrase "Old Dominion.
Western Reserve chronicle. [volume] (Warren, Ohio) 1855-1921, 1859-11-23
THE STRONGEST MAN IN THE
WORLD.

acorn" who astonished our readers
some time since by his description of the
marvellous feats of strength of DR.. George
B. Winship, of Roxbury, Massachusetts,.
writing to the Spirit Of the Times on the
same subject, sayx
'Our young giant, DR.. George B. VIM
ship, of Roxbury, continues to increase in
strength, and now lifts with his hands.
unaided by any straps or bands except
those given to him by the Almighty, ten
hundred and thirty-two pounds! This l
have seen him do, with as much apparent
case as an ordinary man can lift three him.
dred and fifty pounds! This extraordina-
ry young man only weighs one hundred and
forty-two pounds, and is but twenty-five
years old. If he keeps increasing his
strength as he has the past year. by the
time he is thirty years old he will be in
deed Sampson" He has delivered his
lecture in Portland. Me-, in Amherst, Mass.
iu Springfield, in Worcester. and in various
other towns and cities, to overfowing audi
ences, and will repeat it in Albany. Troy.
and Buffalo, and has invitations from more
towns and cities than he can possibly re-
spond to for months to come. He hopes.
however, to be able to deliver the lecture
and give illustrations in New York. Phila-
delphia, Baltimore, and some of the other
southern cities, during the coming winter.
This young man is not only physically
strong, but has an intellect equal to his
extraordinary muscular powers. He is q
giant in more ways than one"
Western Reserve chronicle. [volume] (Warren, Ohio) 1855-1921, 1859-11-23

WHAT THE WEST WANTs.-The Rev.
Peter Cartwright, 1.-THE Pioneer Preacher of
the West" recently addressed large au-
dicnce in Philadelphia, giving incidents of
his life. He discoursed as follows concern
ing the preachers now sent to the West, In
contrast to those of earlier days:
"Of late years, my friends, another breed
of preachers is transferred to us; these arc
the hysterical, dyspeptic, sore-throat, blue
gingerfed sort of preachers. They travel
among you: they are unacceptable; they
are useless lumber; and 10! their zeal all
at once moves Qike seventy-four rigged
for England) to 60 to the West, and "help
the West" We don't want any such cat
tic. l tell you now, in my seventy-hfth
year, can outpreach and outwork dozens
of the5e old dyspeptic things.
Western Reserve chronicle. [volume] (Warren, Ohio) 1855-1921, 1859-11-23
CHANGES OF LANGUAGE.

In recent work by Dean Trench, on the
authorized version of the New Testament,
he considers the passage Take no thought
for your life, what ye shall eat or what ye
shall drink This has often been consid-
cred by Biblical critics as an inadequate
translation of the original, which, as it
would now be rendered, means-Gire not
yourselves mp to anriOuS care-as to the
subject indicated. Dean Trench shows,
however, by the various examples, that at
the period of the translation the language
made use of had the full effect of that which
we should now employ to express the mean
ing of the sacred text. As for instance in
Shakspeare,-'Tdke thought and die for
Caesar, where death accompanies such
solicitude. But one of the best examples
we have seen is in ballad, by one Richard
Sheale, in which he describes the calamity
of his robbery of sixty pounds, on DunsmOre
Heath, before 1911:
After ny robbery Ey mem ory was so decayed,
That could neither sing, talk, my wife vas so
dismayed.
Ny audacity was gone, and all my merry talk.
There are some who have as merry as hawk;
But now am so troubled with faneies in my mind,
cannot play the merry knave, according to my kind
Yet to take thought perceive is not the next way
To bringm me out Of debt-my creditors to pay &c.
This was forty or fifty years before the
authorized version of the Scriptures was
published. 1t will be perceived that, by
this description of his frame of mind, he
did take thought enough, according to the
present notions of the meaning of the Ian
guage.
Western Reserve chronicle. [volume] (Warren, Ohio) 1855-1921, 1859-11-23

appointed to receive it, long and impos-
ing procession was formed to convey it a
distance of five miles into the royal city
The procession was organized in accordance
with the usual style of oriental splendOr,
comprising mounted horse-men seated on
gilded saddles, line of fan-bearers dressed
in flowing white robes, royal elephants
decked with gilded howdahs, and closing
the whole, a crowd of government officials,
some mounted on ponies, and others walk
ing and attended by their followers, carry
ing various umbrellas and utensils
"The chief magistrates letter was open
ed at the shoOtau. or royal court of the
kingdom, by order of woondOck, or under
secretary of state, where it was translated
into Burmese by the kullowOOn, who is an
American. In the evening it was present
ed by the wOongyes, the great minister of
state, to his majesty, who was very much
pleased with it.
being the first communication of the
kind ever received from the American Gov
ernment, and from functionary of cores
pOnding rank with the sovereign of any of
the great European nations, his majesty
was apparently anxious to mark the event
as one of unusual interest to his govern
ment The contents of the letter were
plain, simple and straightforward, alluding
to the receipt of a Burmese communication
from the king and expressing a hope that
there might be no diminutiOn in the soye-
reignty or dominions of his majesty, and
that the exising friendly relations between
America and Burmah might be perpetual
1t gave great satisfaction to the whole
court"
In subsequent interview with the mis-
the King of Burmah intimated a
strong wish to have an American Consul
at the capital. He requested that a !
man might be sent of talent and good
temper" who might, if he chose, engage in
pursuits, and at the same time
be medium Of communication between
himself and the President of the United
States.
The king has encouraged European me-
chanics and engineers to make their home
in his capital. He has recently purchased
and set up steam engine, by which pumps
are worked for the irrigation of the fields.
The expectation which the King of Bur-
nah may cherish of benefit to be derived
from intercourse with the United States,
Ire wholly gratitOus, in as much as he can
not possibly carry on any trade with this
country. BY the last treaty made with the
British government, the latter obtained
territory which includes all the lower part
If the Irrawadi, completely cutting off the
King of Burmah from the sea coast, and
from commercial intercourse with all for
ign nations. He cannot export pound of
-ice nor import gross of American screws
without the permission of the British gov
Western Reserve chronicle. [volume] (Warren, Ohio) 1855-1921, 1859-11-23

lers to keep them In vertical position,
while the driving wheels-fve feet in di-
ameter-revolve with them, which of course
causes the rings to revOlve with them, thus
forming bed or track for the drivers. In
its trial on Tuesday of this week with 40
pounds steam, it went up a very rough, un-
paved, quilted street, having grade of
some 10 feet in $50 in length.
Major Brown and others interested with
him, have certainly found commendable
enterprise in being the first to try an ex-
pertinent of such magnitude; and though
the immediate success should not be equal
to their sanguine hopes, it may open the
way for steam locomotives on common
roads.
Western Reserve chronicle. [volume] (Warren, Ohio) 1855-1921, 1859-11-23
4Oerg.
Ii FILE BIEN GARDEE.
AS INTERCEPTED LETTER.

From Once Week.
No, Edith, have got no briefs-I want nc
briefsat all;
want to kIow that you're come back, and safe
at Shirley Hall.
And till / get note from you, announcing that
return,
I've neithg head nor heart for Chitty, Sugden,
Hayes, or Fearne.
Your lettr speaks about hard work. and ri
siIg at the barr
read il, Edith, at my window, smoking a
cigar;
And I'm to work while you're awayF-a likely
thing indeed
Yes, I'm in one Assizes case,-that one in Adam
Bede.
You can believe, or disbelieve me, Edith, as
you please,
A fellows works all bosh unless fellows
minds at ease;
And studying Cross Remainders Over is no use
/ fear,
While you're in France, and I'm cross re-
mainder over here.
Don't, Edith, write about myself; 1 want to
hear of you,
And what you're doing day by day, and also
how you do;
And whether Mrs. Arlington (whom don't
like and sha'nt)
Is really acting like friend, or only like an
aunt;
And takes you. Edith, everywhere, and shows
you what to see,
And in society performs what's due to you
and me;
Nor, while herOwn long girls are push d wher-
ever she can get,
Permits you to betalk' to by the billiard play
ing set.
And. Edith, as she's full of spite (she is, from
wig to toes,
And hates me for that harmless sketch that
show'd her Roman nose;)
inform me if those vicious inuendoes she con-
trives,
And talks at briefess barristers, and pities !
poor mems wives
Dr. if she ever gives you, Edith darling, half |
hint
There's nothing that woman wouldn't do
with such squint,)
That I've been fast. and people say, who real
ly ought to know
That at getting briefs and paying bills alone
they think I'm slow;
Or talks of our engagement in a way that isn't
kind.
lakes it, at pic-nics, an excuse for leaving vou
behind;
md drawls, that cold old lip of hers, mali
ciously upcurl'd,
)f course, engaged Miss Ediths do not care
about the world
-ou'll call me such worry, Edith, but it is
not fun
o be stuck in Temple chambers when octo-
Der has begun;
o pity for a lover who's condemned in town
to stay,
hen she-and everybody else-are off and
far away.
wander in our Gardens when the dust makes
all things din,
he gardener tells me not to smoke, but much ,
care for him;
nd Paper Buildings, Edith. in a sketch by
fancy drawn; /;
rows an old baronial mansion, with the grass I
plat for its lawn; !
he Thames, its lake, myself, its lord Qlis in i
come, lucky chance, 9
xaetly fifty thousand pounds, paid yearly in j..
advance3
hen at the eastern turret, q sweet form is con-
jur'd up,
nd Edith waves kerchief white, and calls 7
me into sup. f
ell, bless you, Edith. When you sail'd. 1 Il
put aboard your ship C
anity fair, by Thackeray, and my dear old
Hound, by Grip; L
nd to no girl her destiny more sure protec-
tion sends,
han such dog to bite her foes, such book to
bite ber friends {
Alexandria gazette. [volume] (Alexandria, D.C.) 1834-1974, 1859-12-08
Virginia News.

new volunteer company, 1.-The Home
Guard" composed of men over ~ years of
age, has been formed in Winchester. Ro-
bert Y. Conrad has been elected Captain.
An Artillery Company, to be composed OF
aged young men, is also in progress of for
nation in the same place, with bright pros
poets of speedy success. A Dragon Com
pany is also about to be organized, composed
of young men of Winchester and eighbor.
hood.
The Stanton Spectator says" We UNI
dcrstand that at late meeting of the Board
of Directors of the Western Lunatic Asylum,
the purchasing agent was instructed 10 make
his purchases of all supplies of every de.
.cription within the State of Virginia, and
rs far as possible of domestic growth and
manufacture.
A difficulty occurred in Bedford county on
last Sunday, between Mr.. Jones aud Mr..
Dooley, the latter being seriously, if not NOR
tally wounded by pistol shot fired by the
former. Jones gave himself up to the author
tiles. Jones and Dooley were brothers.in,
law. They quarrelled about some domestic
difficulty in Jones family.
On Monday night slave named lIubb,
ard, assistant cook at the Columbian Hotel
Richmond, lost his life by burning charcoal
III his bedroom.
Alexandria gazette. [volume] (Alexandria, D.C.) 1834-1974, 1859-12-08
Accident on the Hudson River Railroad.

Passengers by the Hudson River Railroad
report very serious accident on the line OF
that road, which occurred this morning be-
tween four and five o'clock. As train Of
about thirty freight cars. bound to this city.
was coming over the long bridge Of the Gro
ton River between PeekSkill and Sing Sing,
an axle broke; and portion of the cars and
the locomotive were thrown into the river.
and the others broken up. and thrown in II
heap on the bridge.
There were large number of cattle on the
train, many Of these were drowned, and some
of them badly wounded We understand
that there has been no loss ofhuman life and
that the damage is altogether Of a pecuniary
nature.
The accident, however, causes serious EN-
barrassment for the time being, i'll the travel
on the road, as the passengers on the trans
both ways have to alIght, cross the river on
foot, and exchange cars.
The report is that the bridge is also serious
ly damaged.
Since the above was written, we have re.
ceived a telegraphic despatch from Sing Sing,
which says
The accident occurred about one o'clock
this morning on the Croton draw bridge,
some two miles from this place. FIVE cars
were thrown off the track, smashing timbers,
&C., and killing twenty head of cattle No
person was injured No trans have passed
the place up 10 eleven O'Clock tins morning."
- Y (nuy,g,,
Alexandria gazette. [volume] (Alexandria, D.C.) 1834-1974, 1859-12-08

Located in what is known AZ the '.jugular
vein" Of the famous Broad Mountain. near
the village of Coal Castle. in Schuylkill
County, Pa, is the Burning Mine, one of
the greatest curiosties in the anthracite coal
region. This singular mine was first ig-
nited in the winter of 1888, has been burn
ing ever since, and bids fair to continue burn
ing as long as the fires i'll that pit which is
bottomless. The first lighting OF this fire was
purely accidental.
Mr.. August Belmont of New York, has
proposed 10 the Commissioners of the Cen
trail Park, Ia place, ut his own expense, on
the grounds Of the park II statue in marble
or brouze. Of his distinguished atherlu law,
Commodore Perry The proposition has
been arcedrd to by the commissioners
The total value Of the taxable property Of
the State of Virginia, is nine hundred and
ninety millions of dollars pretty good
stake for the payment Of Il debt Of about
thirty one millions. The Old Dominion is
good for ANY amount
The cigar makers of New Orleans are on
a strike. They had procession. composed
OF whites and blacks, III which they carried
banner inscribed, NO less than ~ per |
600" The Pirayune is down on the strikers
and on the mixing Of colors.
A proposition has been introduced into
the South Carolina Legislature, inviting the
slave States 10 unite III the formation of "a
Southern Confederary. No action has been
taken upon it.
FERNANDO WOOD. (AntiTammany Hall
Democrat) has been elected Mayor Of New
York, by IL majority of 3,213.
The Wnans steamship arrived safely AT
Norfolk, and has gone 10 sea. 81 far, she Is
said 10 have performed well.
Alexandria gazette. [volume] (Alexandria, D.C.) 1834-1974, 1859-12-08
Public Meeting in Faneuil Hall Boston

Public Meeting in Faneuil Hall Boston.
The time Of holding the public meeting
has been fixed for this day at IL o'clock III
the forenoon. The following call circulated
On Saturday, was signed by large numbers
In view Of the present disturbed condl-
ton of public sentiment, aud the dangers
which threaten our Union. the undersigned
respectfully invite the citizens Of Masachu.
sets. who honor and cherish that mon =
who mean to maintain the Constitution OF
the United States and faithfully to carry cut
all its requirements and obligations. IL meet
with them in Faneuil Hall on Thursday, the
Sth Of December, instant, 1t | o'clock, \. vi.
An executive committee, consisting Of W il
linn Appleton, Franklin Haven, John /.
Heard, Geo. Lunt. 5. I. Dana, Sidney Web
ster, Leyeret H. Saltonstal, and Henry j..
Gardner, has been appointed. 1t Is expect.
ed that the venerable Ex-Governor Lincoln
will preside, and among the distinguished
gentleman invited are Ex-PreSdent Pierce.
Edward Everett. Caleb Gushing, }. III. Chit
ford, and Benjamin +. Thomas.
NJ OTICE.-W. Arthur Taylor, Trustee. Com
IN plainant, ~. Reuben Johnston, j. ID. C"rse,
and Edward Snowdcn, late copartnerS under the
L
Hull, Duer. Harris 4 Co., William A. Dean Co..
and Lewis Il Drost, defendants, in Chanccry: In
the Circuit Court of Alexandria County-"This
cause coming on 10 be heard this I'D day of No
velnber, 1859. upon the bill taken for confessed.
aud the prayers Herewith filed, and being argued
by counsel, the Court doth adjudge and decree
that il be referred to Master Commissioner ieaton
Ia ascertain the MINES Of the creditors who are
entitled to share in the distribution OF the fund.
now in the hands Of the Trustee. W. Arthur Tay-
Tor arising from the sale OF the real estate convey
ed Ia him by said Johnston and wife, the amount
OF their respective claims, and the proportion to
which each creditor is eutltlcd-and that SAID
Commissioner leaton do give notice by pubIlca-
ton in some newspaper published 10 the cry 81
Alexandria. Tor the creditors OF said hcuheh J"hn-
ston To prove their claims before him, within nne-
" days after publication 70 made, under pam OF
exclusion from the benefit Of the trust fund; AMI
the said Master is directed to settle The account oil
the said W. Arthur Taylor, Is Trustee III the deed
from j Johnston aud wife 10 him-and that he iur'
ther report any matter specially required OF nun
by the parties, and which may be pertinent IN the
cause.
COMMISSIONERS OFFICE. ALEXANDRIA,
~ December 4, lS5g.-The creditors of Reuben
Johnston who are entitled 10 share III the dlstribu-
ton Of the fund now in the hands of the Trustee
W. Arthur Taylor. are hereby notified that have
fixed upon Tuesday. the lOh dry Of Arr7 lshO,
at my office in the city OF Alexandra, To take anu
settle the accounts required to be taken by Inc
foregoing decree, ut which time and place You
are required 10 attend.
Given under nv hand Master III Cnaheery
OF said Court. the day and year first aforesaid.
dec s-law4w W. e. IEAlON.
Alexandria gazette. [volume] (Alexandria, D.C.) 1834-1974, 1859-12-08

CONGRESS, il will he seen bv our daily re-
ports Of the proceedings, has without reg
ular organization Of the House Of Represen-
tatiyes. at the time Of writing these remarksl
plunged, IN medids res. into the slavery mat
tor, and kindred topics, and is in full dc
bate on the most exciting and intlamable
topics. Senator Mason's resolution. which
was perfectly proper and legitimate one,
called for by recent events. and rendered ne
cessary in consequence of circumstances
which have disturbed the whole country, and
which should have been passed promptly
and without word, il met by attempted
clogs and debate, Whilst in the House,
no Sneaker elected, and no officers elected,
the infamous Helper, and his infamous book,
and the conduct Of those members who igno-
rsntly ibut still, therefore. criminally) or
knowingly recommended the book, and the
position and intentions Of the Republican
,arty at the North. occupy the time. and
disturb the equanimity of the representa-,
tives Of the people. We do not know. and
canno. pretend to predict, what ia 7" be the
.,d Of all tbis-when the House is to organ
ixe-or what future action may be taken in
consequence Of what has occurred. Wecan
only sincerely wisl,-"GoD send the country
! safe deliyerence from all present evils"
Alexandria gazette. [volume] (Alexandria, D.C.) 1834-1974, 1859-12-08

INASHINGTON FARM, distant two-anI n.
w half miles from Warrenton.-G have for sale
the above highly improved and desirable FARM
containing about THREE HUNDRED ACRES.
~ with comfortable BUILDINGS. II j. di,id-
~ I'd into nine fields. with young and good
Apple and Peach Orchard, and abundance of
Timber aud Water. Its position, added to the
perior quality d the LAND, makes II a most desi
rable place. Terms accommodating, and posses.
sion given Immediately Address
INMAN II. PAYNE, Warrent"n. Va.