The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1859-06-19


Southern (or Low y Italy.
The following lies exhibit the various divisions, the
area, population and capital OF each
NORTHERN (oK urrER) ITALY.
81. miles Pepu,a,s~n. Capital.
Sardinia (continentar 1922 4,s5o,2co Turin
Island OF Sardinia. 9,b+7 677,2s2 Csg,ari.
Monaco, Prncipslity..... t3 $500 Monaco
p n.aS pSsay 24s, $4,000 r r.sms
Lombardy vene,ia. .... ls.oes b,5os,47s Milsn.
Austria has possession of tho Tyrol and other north
eastern Alps and thus has open cowmusioasa with
Lombarey, which ia separated ON Piedmont esy by
Tcino. Piedmont literally "foot Of tia
tans" Ii lies at the foot Of the Alps southwe, x LON
hardy The kingdom OF Sardinia consists OF S. OF, Pied
mort, Nice Genoa, and the island Of Sardin In any
division OF territory in which France will have her
WILL Savoy will probably be coded to her. well as her
old Rhenish Provinces and the King Of Sardinia will get
Lombsrdy or the Duches instead
Monaco Principally under the protection Of Sardinia
We do not include here the Island Of Corsica which lies
to continental Sardinia than does Island sa
dina because Corsica politically belongs TO the French
though geographically belongs to Italy We have not
included nyris, which lies at the eastern sido Of the
Adratc, because it does not belong Italy 1t part Of
the Austrian domnioAs. Is o5S square miles and
tn population sos DIG; chief town seaport Trieste
Turin the capital Of Sardinia ia about hundred aud
four miles by railroad from Genoa II ia now unds-
Tended on the right bank Of the Pc, but that
Is scarcely deep enough there 70 form q line Of d.
fence, though n navgabe from thencc Aroma whore
1t falls into the Adriac, and averages 1900 feet In
breadth Turin lies in angle formed by the confluence
Of the Dora and the Pc. beautiful city, called by
Lady Morgan "a little city Of palaces" In the wars Of
Napoleon Turin yielded without even the formaties Of
siege, and Piedmont declared department of France
In ls4s it had 1856 $40 inbabitana Ia military sense
pdpta oco1l~ R-o,,
important inland city In Sardinia Genoa is the grea,
stronghold the coast II is situated sterile plain on
the Tsnaro fortysix miles E. g. E. Of Turin. The for =.
dabls foruncations erected during the domination of
the French rendered OF the strongest places In the
world; but these demolished, and only its citadel in
left Two miles distant from this ia the tile village Of
MareHgo celebrated for the great victory gained by Nape
leon over the Austans in 1900 after he Aps
by the pass Of the Great Mount St. Bernard Asss
commands the suces Of the Tanafo by which the plain
can be inundated II It's Notifications which had been
commenced were carried to a proper termination 1,
would be model of military architecture AS 1T is, the
place is renowned for the assaults has sustained in
almost every war In Italy.
The Gulf of Genoa Of the finest In the world II
sformed like crescent. In the centre is Genoa tde
great commercial city Of Sardinia and Italy. the west
extremity, bordering France, Nice another excel
lent port and the eastern tremy which also tho
extremity Of Sardinia on the coast is SPezzh the best
harbor in the Mediterranean.
Genoa well fortified and considered OF strongest
cities Of Sardinia. From the eleventh down TO the eight
zenith century il the capital OF famous recai
republic, which planted numerous colonies in the Lo.
want and on the shores the Black Sea- 1t taken by
the French in 1797 and coded the King Of Sardinia in
1885, against the wahes Of the people with the con
sent Of England who had guaranteed ts
breach Of faith for which the Gsnsese dsest 10 the
preeent day On the recent arrival Of the French it was
made the base OF French operations the coast Its
population In 1s4s 100 1872 The province exclusive
Of the city, had then population Of 1874 ,s5l.
Still famous and celebrated the Austrian city Of
Venice in the gulf Of the Adriac, which ia also fortified
and IN 1855 had beside its garrison population Of 1885,
100. is two miles from the main land and connected
herewith by bridge Of 22z arches forming part of the
railroad 70 Nan which the chief city of Lombardy as
Venice II ef vsneta For many centuries it was the arst
commercial and maritime power Of the vsrld
1t, too, was . republic 1t is built On piles.
occupying seventy eighty small Islands, separated by
one hundred AID forty nine canals which crossed BY
three hundred and six bridges Tbs chief of the canals is
the CANAL Grande one hundred to hundred ANA eighty
feet wide, and bordsrsd by magnificent palasss and
churches In going from place TO place the people instead
Of omnbuses and railroad cars boats called rondsas
The Palace Of St. Mark connected with the prison Of the
Inqustion by the Bridgs Of Sighs" Venice was taken
by the French in 1907 and held till 1874 when It b.
came the possession Of Austria. In 1913 tho vsnsaas
revolcd agans the Ausrlans and held the city for ssys
raj days.
Milan IL fortified and has population OF tie 900 in
cudng garrison OF COO 1t tho capital OF re-
public In the eleventh century and passed successfully
under the dominion Of Spain and Austria and the Frenes
who made the capital OF the kingdom Italy In lsss
was restored to Austria in 1915. is inland and only
two hours and half by railroad from Venice II has
been beseged and captured forty times and four times
destroyed Yss now il is magnificent city. Lemb.rdy
is called from the Lonbards ong beards) whs formerly
inhabited it,
While we wre the news Of its capture by the troops OF
Louis Napoleon has arrived 1t is in the midst O. wide
and fertile PLAIN many miles from the Po on the Austrian
sde lies between the Oona and Saveso rivers and Is
the capital Of the Austrian Provinces in Italy.
Inc Vaene, which has been recently the scene Of Ca.
rbads operations, lies in the north Of Lombardy clos
up to the Alps with the Swiss Canton cno tho only one
on the Italian side Of the Alps dividing on the west from
the Piedmon.ese territory. On the north II s bounded
by the swiss Canton Grisons at the other side Of
the Alps 1t is intcrsected both by the passes
OF the splugen and the stevio and It is Of great mill
tary importance. 1t belonged formerly to the Canton
of Grisons aud subject to that territory till 1897
contains 27o square miles. 1t called by tho Germans
Vetein and by the inhabitants themselves, Waite zeina
1t is country enclosed between two chains of lofty
mountains, about ty miles In length and from eighty 70
twenty in breadth. 1t 10 fruitful and throughout it's
whole extent watered by the AIDA. The whole coun.
try consists Of three valleys and divided into three dis
trcH, called Upper, Middle and Lower Shortly after tho
first French Revolution rsvocd against the sovereign
Of the Grsons, and both sides left the matter to the
arbitration Of Bonapare. Austria advised tho Grsons
not TO appear Bonapare held that Austria had let the
case go by default and decided favor Of the vacue
as 1t evidently belonged to Italy and permitted IL TO join
the Csalpine Republic.
THE sTRATEGlcAL RIVERS AND STRONG PLACES OF
THE CAMPAIGN.
The P0 running down from the western Alps through the