The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1859-08-12
Eornern hemisphere, which 10 now In Me hands of The
Standipr Committee Of the Association.

Charts Of Lieut. Maury, which now cover all those portions
81 the Southern Oceans lying between the and he
Goth parallel OF latitude and from the l66h meridian west
Longitude Greenwich eastward to the Tooth meridian
Of esst longitude about three oaths OF the way round
the globe. For higher attitudes have had to resort 70
Cook, Roes, Wilkes and other Antartic explorers Ny
results embody the experience Of man II such could be,
VINO had spent all his winters and half bS summers the
Southern for nearly $50 years. All these M
meIs and nine OF the winters were spent north
Of the sixte.h parallel Of latitude, and excep; in
the vicinity Of Cape Rorn nearly all the former were
spent north of the 18th parallel and 3d. Of course, afford
unsatisfactory data for that part Of the year. Be-
tween the parallels OF 90 degrees and 90 degrees, have
observations for nine days in summer and 1853 In winter
and south OF the latter parallel for l7S in winter and
eleven In the spring have inst been informed that
degrees to % degrees south Of KDgean Land and
the log book OF VESSELS that visit il will afford the
OF Hing up an mportan. blank, and shall endeavor to
possess extracts from them. The method Of nvestga
tion have adopted does not consist in merely finding
from what point OF the compass The wind blows most ffe
queDy as is sometimes done but in calculating after
the ordinary method OF composition OF forces. the
resultant OF all the winds both TO direction and to
amount. 1t may be illustrated by supposiug balloon to
be set ioose and to Goat freely in the any district
Of country portion Of the ocean, and is required
find 10 dstance and direction from N starting place after
eny given time in any given season OF tbs year. The
method OF Lamberl's formula is The same in prin-
only where the direction Of The wind noted for eight
points OF compass Most Of the calculations have been
made by Mr. Benjamin stesrn and Mr.. James T. Doran
both former graduates Of Lafayette College With these
preliminary remarks, propose nov 30 give brief out
ne Of tie resuls TO which have arrived referring
.
Professor COFFIN here exhibited and demonstrated
several diagrams. II have shoun satisfactorily before
That three great systems Of winds exist IN the Northern
Hemisphere, should expect corresponding in the
Southern, and accordingly End unms.akeabe indica-
sions that ouch 10 the case. Wiz
!. system Of esstery and southeaserly winds near
2 Asysten Of westerly End nor.hwesteriy winds In
3. system of sou.hesstery winds near the South
Pole viii speak Of the features Of each of these systems
The zone OF the equatorial or trade wind rys
TEN appears 10 be somewhat narrower than in
tho Northern Heriis phere, extending from equa
lor only 70 about the 30th parallel Of latitude in
and to about tine SD in winter Near the equator the
relative motion very great about so per cent of the
total motion, but as We approach the southern limit of
the tord zone dwirdles down 70 10 Is per cent
often ess The frat part of this statement s true
especially over the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans for
the Indian Ocean the system s not developed In winter
further north than latitude 10 degrees While the winds
Of this system are generally souneaserly, yet owing
local disturbances OF greater less extent they
means uniformly We start from Green wich and
travel eastery find the winds at first nearly due east
perhaps little to the norn Of east particularly in the
winter months. But advance they grow more and
more southery till reach the west coast Of South
America where the direction comedies very nearly with
that OF the coast line Crossing that continent ind
the system nowhere better developed than the middle
portions Of the Atlantic but the current approaches
the coast of Brazil IL to be split asunder
Cape st. Roque-one branch following the southeastern
and the other the northeastern coast Near the west
Coast Of Africa this phenomenon is similar TO that Just
described on the corresponding coast OF South America
Through the entire width Of the African continent
have no observations, except few imperfect ones by
Livingstone Over the Indian Ocean the system we'll
veoped in the summer season, but entirely disappears
north of latitude TO- and replaced for the most part
stand and exhbh clearly the pecuiisres of the winds
IN this disturbed REGION we must extend observations
Forth Of the equator Along the parallel Of 10 deg.
there 10 in winter little progressive motion In any direc-
ton but soon after passing south Of fall In With
regular southeast trade Winds which continue till they
lat SO deg already remarked. singular system is
noticeable in the winter winds this limit in longitude
from Madagsscar There is perfect Whirlpool in the air
several hundred miles In diameter, in the middle of
which there s no progressive motion Whatever In the
summer season this feature Ia ess marked II II exists
AL There are one or Two Othor places the Atlantic and
Pacific ocesns where there seems 70 tendency to
movement Of the same kind, but nowhere else is
II 80 clearly defined The system Of westerly north
westery winds orms zone bounded the north by
Of the equatorial winds just described and extends south
erly, in the winter season, from atudes varying from
about 81 degrees in the Southern Indian Ocean to about
60 or 66 degrees in the South Pacific Their winter which
have ventured draw latitude 90 degrees s as vet
entirely matter OF conjecture, no observations having
been Obtained from which to determine it, Indeed, the
In the vicinity of Cape Horn appears to be unrequented
by shs in that season Of the solitary o5serva.
width of the Atlantic and Indian Oceans but few in
the Pacific. Our knowledge, therefore, of the summer
from latitude 80 degrees 10 as degrees The winds Of this
system both in summer and winter remarkable for
the uniformity of their direction which, contrary
what has been generally supposed is far uniform
than Ia in the Of the trade Winds though the rela
tive progressive motion considerably reaching sixty
per cent OF all the reliable results deinese1 In the
well defined portions Of the system, amounting to
over ESQ every one in winter and all but seven in sum
easterly and most Of them are witha a few de-
grees OF the general mean, which is about north IS TO
90 degrees weet or the exceptions five are CON
tguous to the coasts of Africa, South America and New
zealand, where there are doubtless local Influences and
the general uniformity In the direction results pro
badly from there being no large bodies of land in the
eoutn OF the current except the south peninsula of South
America. OF the third system comprising the southern
polar WINDS our knowledge confined 70 the months Of
SaV G far
OF the year The aggregate amount of time for which
have obtained observations within this zone bat 24e
zone and 129 at ten different places south Of latitude 6
degrees, where, for the most part, the system may
analogy. Of the northern hemisphere we should ex
pect the winds of this system to be eastery
and sonshery and &C cordngy we find that while
as should be expected from the fewness Of the observa
tons from which they computed yet every one Of
shows the contrast the clearly seeing that In the
contiguous system az have just remarked every one Of
gin Of the zone all are from nearly south point two Of
them little east and thence little west and Of the
Whole fifteen within the zone only four tend towards the
pole IN opposition TO theory, while eleven confne IL TO re
cedng from the pole In the entire we have not
solitary resultant from the N N quarter the very quar-
ter from which most Of the winds the contiguous zone
come. If it be said thst the length Of time covered
by the observations Is too short for us 10 place
sny great ,ss dssoa in the results admit The
i
that the experience Of many different navgators
IN derent parts Of this sea should nearly coincide
ration which ought in honesty to attend TO- ana which
confess greatly mpairs my confidence results obtain
ed in high latitudes, TO the northern and southern
refer TO 10 great defamation Of the magnetic needles
and the want Of care often the part Of navgAtors TO
inform whether the points of compass were taken from
the magnetic or the astronomical meridian. In what /
have said thus far there has been attempt at any the
DRY to account for the facts have described and was
not my intention TO touch this subject: but the
whole Of this investigation has been called since we a.
sembed here, theory growing out Of the "Hadey die
ease" he then made few remarks on this head and
ad that the calculations which furnished the resuts we,c
made not by himsen but by persons not kno wing any
thing about the eystem Of winds, but at the same time
good computers they could be supposed TO be ar
feced by disease Of this kind But he said the facts
thus determined show beyond the possibility Of doubt
that the air at the surface of the earth the
equator and the parallels of 90 deg or Whereabouts on
both sdes Now, what becomes Of il when il gets there9
10 annlhated, or s there funnel or some point from
whence It blows back 10 the regions from whence II
came. Tho former il certainly nadmiasahlo and al