The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1859-06-19

u
rrstcfical sense il highly important OF ts
great depsh ana breadth The cities on banks
are smopg the son defensive points OF Piedm aod
Iombardy Those Of Piedmont ept Turin being se,zsd
by the Austnsps, they turned sganst sardi-
niare Among the ~ VacpZa on the right blnk Of tus
Po seven miles north OF Alssandria and stradela
The right bank, down tho Duchy Of Parma and in
he vicinity Of Montebello, where the fret battle
was fought Lower down, he right bank OF
the Pc, Is the s,rorg iorirts, o. Piacenzs, which,
though situated in Parma, just where IL joins Lom-
hardy aud Piedo ont is occupied by Austrian troops.
Further down stl the Pc tho fortress Of Cemooa
which ID ID Lonoardy and near the mouths sthe sroogy
fortified city Of Ferraa in the States OF the Church Tnis,
with Commscho ALTO In the Papsl Staes twenty eight
miles sou'b, strongly fortified place the mds, Of
na'shes, toree miles from the Adriac Austria per-
ued to occupy and forfy pursuance OF The treaty
Vienna Austria has also occupied aud fortified the port
Of Aucona In the States Of the Church. the Gulf Of The
Adrsuc which has color Of right to do by treaty
Otherwise Ferrara only twenty miles from Bologna
vhcb Is alec in the Papal States the Of
the Italian peninsula By late news published yesterday
We learn that Prince Napokon Pisloa in Tuscany
very lear 10 Bologna and evidently on hs way there
after which it is probable he would pay q visit TO
| rerNa.
The river next in Importance Ia the Ad,ge which, rising
ro, having on It's banks Glurns, Trent Roveredo and
Verona enters Lombardy thirteen miles south Of Ro-
vereoo 1t discharges itself into the Adriatc parallel
with, and not far from the Po but further north. II
navgAbe from Trent 70 the sea- but its velocity
the navigation difficult Verona, the greatest fortress Of
AUSTRIA on s banks at the foot Of the ryrol mountains
Verona is not only fortress but immense fortified
camp, surrounded with earthworks.
The Tcino which only tributary Of the Pc, rises In
the Swiss Alps in the canton c.no Tessin on south
decvity Of Mount st. Gothard and flows southeast
through Lago Aaggiore, after which forms boundary
between Iombardy and Piedmont and joins the Pc It's
left bank three and half miles below Psvia Is whole
course is l25 miles. It navgable from the Pc 70 Lago
Maggore On It's left bank is Pavia, Of the strongly
| fortified cities Of Austria. Another tributary OF
the Pc OF some strategical importance Ia the Trebbia
| rapid stream, famous for the defeat Of the
Consul sempronus by Hannibal, and in modern times by
the hard earned victory Of Susarrow Marshal Mac
donald II rises the northern slope Of the Apennines
and after course OF nynve mles, oias the 20 its
right bank, three miles northwest Of Piacenzs The
Sesia rises near Mount Rosa and after Of eighty
six miles through Piedmont, joins the Pc i've miles
Of Casae which is It's right bank, and Of the
strong points. versel Is also the right bang,
| fourteen miles northwest OF Casas, and Ia adolhsr
strong point This river and these two cities have been
frequently mentioned during the present Il will be
recoected that CRldni the Sandman general crossed
in The face Of the enemy But the most important Of all
tie tributaries OF the Pc, though the shortest, is the
hincio. 1t Issues from Lake Gardo Peschiera, where
there Is fortress and its whole the Po near
Governoo, only SO miles, but to Asntua where there
another strong fortress Con Island Of the river only
q mles. This line Of q miles s ali that h necessary
to guard as below Maniua impossible marshes extend
down TO The Po and ABOVE PescAera the Lake Gardo
/ kl. ll.o -
the Adge, with Verona It's banks opposite Peschera
Legnapo another for banks % miles bslo
/ aud opposite MsDtua Below Legnano the marshes
both Of the Pc and the Adge and above Verona tn
mountains Of the Tyro This is the celebrated straegica
square between two rivers, and with fortress each
corrcr Behind the Aincio therefore, the Austrisns
beaten back from iIan, viii make great stand. AMI Ii
Nantu9 should DO taken, Peschera, II the river
should be 70 ced between these points, they will fail back
behind The Adge. beaten here, the Austrians might re
treat behind another still further east the Brenta
running like the Adge from the TyroI and entering the
AdJatic at Venice after course OF ninety miles, The
stroDg point ths river is Bassano where the st Ma
poeon fought great battle The Brenta with the
Bicchshcue Padua, which is that river and thus
uniies The cities in strategic line. Padua IS ON the
railroad between Verona and Venice. Still further east
the Tsgamento which rising in the Austrian Alps ana
the Adaic half way between Venice and Trieste
would be out Of Italy and yra Austrian province
which constitutes part Of the Germanc COME 1eraton
and which, invaded, would bring the Germans TO the
aid Of AUSTRIA according to the compact The important
port Of Trieste is thus part OF the Germanc Confederation
and that ia the reason why it has not been hitherto
bockaded by the French. The railroad fron Vienna to
Verona passes through Trieste and Venice 1t would
be- therefore, highly important the French to cut of
this communication by operations the Gulf OF the
Adriasic.
CENTRAL ITALY.
This consists OF the following States -
81. Miles. Population. Capitol
Tuscany grand duchy. 7.415 1,793,967 Florence.
States of the Church. .1s,A0 2,sss,li5 Rome.
San MariDo, republic. % I, 600 San Marno
| The Island Of Elsa in the Mediterranean famous for
being the residence and possession Of NAPOLEON belongs
70 Tuscany, and is nine miles from tho Shore Il was
erected into sovereignty for Napoleon by tho Peace Of
Paris in 1914 From this he suddenly returned To France
! in 1915, when his career Hnished at Waterloo.
Length Of the island Il miles, breadth from Ak 70 10
miles 1t is l60 square miles. Population about % 900
Tuscany has been called "the OF Italy" The Grand
Duke has ruled with moderation He has refused however
to 90 with Piedmont in this and the army people
demanding 1t, he has hed-leavipg them 10 Join their
Italian brethren against the stranger.
Florence ID Of the finest cities Of the world and here
the Grand Duke had his principal residence Its popula
ation AT last census was ia It Is situated On the
Arno, at the foot Of tho Apsnnines. Rome, "ths
Eternal City," needs no description. San Marino
is entirely surrounded by Papal territory 1t il
tho smallest State and the oldest republic in Europe
dating back 10 AGO. lies between Ancona and Floren.s
Its founder was st. harnus, hermit, whom a pious
lady made present OF the ltio mountainous territory
It's executive power Is In two rulers elected for six
months. Its standing army twenty four nen It's ua.
tia being $50 men. Its insguincanoe alone saves this
litts republic from being swallowed up
SOUTHERN Cor LowER) ITALY.
Kingdom Of Naples, or Of the Two Siciee.
So. MILES. PcTulahoA- Crpst1I
Continental Scly........ 81 ,621 6,Ss6,oS0 Naples.
Island Of Sicily .l0,5l0 2,23l ,020 Palermo.
The city Of Naples the capital OF the kingdom Of the
Two sicilies has been well called "the metropolis OF
ruined Paradac" It is situated the nnermost recess
Of the beautiful Bay of Naples which with the mountain,