davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Clarksville chronicle. (Clarksville, Tenn.) 1857-1865, 1859-12-23
CANDIDATES.

Eely- We authrized to announce S. E. RAMEY,
as candidate for the Office of Sheriff, OF Montgom-
cry county, at the ensuing March election.
July 80, ls59-tde.
Bss~ We are authorized 10 announce j. p. DAILY,
as candidate for the office of Sheriff of Montgom-
cry county, at the ensuing March election.
July %, ls5o.-tde.
RES5- We are authorized to announce RICE ON
HAM, Of New Providence, as candidate for Sheriff
of Montgomery county, at the next March election
Nov. Is, lS59--te.
Asss- We are authorized to announce A. G. Price
a candidate for the Office of Trustee of Montgom-
cry county, at the next March election.
Sept. l6, ls59-tde*.
Bsag~ We are authorized to announce Col. GEORGE
SMITH, candidate for reelection of County Trus-
tee, of Montgomery County at the next March cleo
ton. He refers to Judge Kimbe and Henry Lyle,
for the manner in which he has conducted the bust
ness since he has been in Office.
August 10, Isolde
Iaig'" We arc authorized to announce J. W. Nc
DANIEL as a candidate for Register of Montgom-
cry County.
nan. We are authorized to announce John D.
Bradley, as candidate for reelection, for the Office
of Register, of Montgomery County.
Sept. '59.#
Rsn. We are authorized to announce CHARLES
BAILEY, Esq. as q candidate for reelection to the
office of Circuit Court Clerk at the ensuing March
election.
Sept 2, '5o-te
Dssg~ We are authorized toannounce WM. ROGERS
rs candidate for reelection TO the Office of County
Court Clerk, at the ensuing March election.
Sept ,, lS59--te
BE-. We authorised to announce Henry p.
LLOYD, asa candidate for the Office of County Reg
lister.
Nov. II, ls59-tdes
Ray" We are authorized to announce Mr.. R. A.
BARNES candidate for City Marshal. Election
to take place LIST Saturday in January next.
Gee 2 59-tde
ptS-We are authorized to announce CHARLES II.
MORRISON a candidate for City Marshal. Election to
take place first Saturday in January 1860.
Dec 9th, l859.--tde
nEn. We are authorized to announce E. WIrnERs
as a candidate for City Marshal. Election on the
first Saturday in January, 1860.
Dec. g. ls59.-tde.
RS" We are authorized to announce JosKrH b.
THOMAS as a candidate for District Constable Of this
(No l2l District, at the March election.
Dec. 9, lSj9.-tde.
Etss~We are authorized to announce Col GEORGE
SMITH a candidate for reelection to the office OF
Mayor, at the January election.
genp Wcare authorised to announce n. W. DANIEL
as a candidate for County Court Clerk at the cnsu-
ing March election.
Dec. % 59-tde.
BeAr We are authorized to announce RoBERT
EDMoNsON, a candidate for the Office of Sheriff OF
Montgomery County Mt the ensuring March cleo
/ ton.
| Dec. 90, '5o-tde.
Clarksville chronicle. (Clarksville, Tenn.) 1857-1865, 1859-12-23
MARRIED.

On the 18th inst, by Rev. A. l.. Hamilton, Mr.
CHARLES j. ELMIRg and Miss SALLE BYRD, all of this
city.
On Tuesday the Goth inst, in Todd County, Ky,
by the Rev. Mr.. Holland, Mr.. CONSTANTINE WHr-
YIELD, of this County, to Miss LAURA P. WALLER
of the former County.
We had the pleasure of attending the happy
couple to the IIymena altar; and if our many
wishes could take the form of realization our young
friend and his bright-cycd bride would he supremacy
blessed, knowing neither care nor sorrow.
There bliss beyond all that the minstrel has told
When two that are linked in one hcuN emily tie,
With heart never changing, and brow never cold,
Love ON through all Ills, and love on till they die.
One hour of passion 50 sacred is worth
Whole ages of hsartlcsS and wandering bliss;
And, oh il there be- an Elysum ON earth,
1t is this-it is this
On Thursday evening the 9th inst at the home
of the bride 10y Rev Nr. Gardner OF Russcllylle
Nyo Miss RowENA MuRmsoN OF Christian County,
n.y., 10 Mr., r. II. WAGGENER of Louisville
The devoted Romeo has now won and welded his
fair and loving Julcti and worthy as his bride is,
we are glad to know that his conquest was made
without the stormy troubles of Monagues aud Cap
ulcts May the current of their future be placid and
serene as happiness can make it, and may no alter
day find them less happy than the one on which
their hearts and hands were joned
"TEAMsTER'
louisville !apeR copy.l
Clarksville chronicle. (Clarksville, Tenn.) 1857-1865, 1859-12-23
Land for Sale.
Nov. IL, Soft

One of the best 900 acre farms in the country, "
ing miles East Of GAINESVILLE, on the Port Royal
road, now owned by Pleasant Bagwcl There are
325 acres cleared, l25 Of which is first quality
Red River bottom land; 40 acres now seeded to
wheat, Is or 90 to rye, and 100 in clover There
are 575 acres in timber more than enough stave
timber to twice pay for the place besides large
amount Of fine Poplar for saving making Shin
giles There are at least 300 acres No. hickory
and halle Tobacco land not cleared, that cant be
surpassed short of the hickory flats of Ky. This
farm is well watered, and well adapted to the
Wheat Stock and Tobacco busness-convenien to
market, mills, church, scools, good society, &C., and
is one of the heslthest locations in the county
There is every necessary building on the place,
such residence, tobacco barns stables ice-house
cisterh, fine spring plenty of good fruit, &c. will
either sell all together or divide to suit purchasers
will show the land at any time, or Mr.. VIM. Bag
well, on the premises will do the same.
TERMS--One-third cash. balance /, 2 and 3
equal annual payments without interest, and lien
retained until the purchase money is all paid
ReB See advertisement of Mr. Bagwell's other
farm on the Paradise Hill and GAINESVILLE Turnpike
have them both to sell at great bargain
T. D. LEONARD,
Real Estate Agent aAd Auctioneer.
Nov IL, Soft ... rr r..
Clarksville chronicle. (Clarksville, Tenn.) 1857-1865, 1859-12-23
Eeg-Anolbar return Of Christmas Is near At hand,

Ie7y-Another return Of Christmas Is near at band
and with it will come, we suppose, the pleasures
and pains fun and foIies noise and nonsense, usu-
ally attendant upon that anniversary Christmas,
regarded as it should be- would be celebrated az our
most solemn hoyday. II was upon this day that a
Savior was born unto the world--one whose merit
and suffering was to appcase the displeasure Of an
offended God, and whose voluntary sacrfcial offer
ing Of Himself brought salvation to man, And
yet, how few regard the day in this light True
showing of such observance of the day is main
tanned by few but the mass Of the people seem to
think its most proper celebration consists in intern
perate indulgence in our cornalappottes-i eating
aud drinking, and making day and night hideous
with strange noises. We do not wish at all to be
understood as opposing a rational enjoyment Of this
day by reasonable indulgence in the festivities in
cdent to it, but VIC do wish to advocate such rea-
sonable indulgence only. Let all disgraceful bach
analian orgies and reyelings be abolished, as I'M
worthy alike Of the day and our ckaracteri and let
sensible, gcntcel pleasures and amusements take
their place Thismuch for our worldly enjoymentof
Christmas. Of course above these are the duties
we owe as a christian people, on this day. The
first and highest obligations upon us with regard
to it, are to evincc our gratitude to the Almighty
for the merciful gift to fallen man that this day
commentaries.
Such are some of the duties and obligations that
are suggested to us by the approach of Christmas
if cur utteronce of them shall awaken any good,
or tend to the suppression of any evil and intempe-
rate impulses in the heart of any our end will be
fully attained.
Clarksville chronicle. (Clarksville, Tenn.) 1857-1865, 1859-12-23
" Helpers Pamphlet"

The following are few of the famous, or rather
Infamous sentiments contained in Helpers Adolf
ton publication, entitled aThe Impending Crisis Of
the South" They have been signed by sixty-eight
Black Republican members of Congress:
al. Thorough organization and independent poll
teal action on the part Of the non-slayeholding
whites of the South. vtaet ..s
~. lneligibility of pro-slavery shareholders
never another vote to any one who advocates the
retention and perpetuation of human slavery.
as. No cooperation with pro-slavery politicians;
no fellowship with chem in religion; no gtFliation
,rih them in society.
a.. No patronage 10 pro-sldUery merchants; no
guestship in slave-waiting hotels; fees to pro-
slavery lawyers; no employment of pro-slavery
physicians no audience to pro-slayery parsons.
"j. No more hiring of slaves by non-slayehold-
ers
&c. Abrupt dscontnuance Of subscription to
pro-savery newspapers.
az. The greatest possible encouragement to free
white labor"
How any man, after reading the above villanous
resolutions, can bring himself to patronize every
swindling, brassy-faced Yankee pedlar that passes
along, surpasses our comprehension.
Clarksville chronicle. (Clarksville, Tenn.) 1857-1865, 1859-12-23

Our young friend, John o I'rien, who has for
lock & Waggener's, and late at W. NJ Pollock Co.
left the service Of the lastnamed house week so
ago with view to making other business engage
ments. lie has however since then reconsidered the
matter and been induced to resume his old position
with w. NJ. Pollock & Co.. where his numerous
friends may find him ready as ever to wait upon them
and supply their wants. The house has an elegant
assortment of Clothing and Furnishing Goods, that
they are offering, now, lower than usual
Clarksville chronicle. (Clarksville, Tenn.) 1857-1865, 1859-12-23
CLARKSvILLE a
FEMALE ACADEMY,

THE SrRNe SESSION Of this Institution win open
on the first Monday in February, 1860.
The corps of teachers az in numbcr) is now
complete and efficient.
The Boarding Department is quite rs perfect rs |
can make it and thus far, during the present SEES
sion, with nearly one hundred inmates, we have had
no sickness of any kind.
Parents and Guardians, away from GAINESVILLE,
who expect to patronize the school next session,
will please to it that their daughters aud wards
are here at the beginning.
Persons desiring additional information can apply
to the President
A. L. HAMILTON.
Nov. rs, so
Clarksville chronicle. (Clarksville, Tenn.) 1857-1865, 1859-12-23
NEW FIRM.

The undersigned having purchased the we'll
known Saddlery and Harness establishment, of Jas.
TAFT & Co.; are now prepared to execute work. in
every branch of the business with neatness and dis
patch.
We would respectfully solicit call from all
prompt paying customers of the late firm, and as
many new ones as will favor us with their patron
age, as confident of giving satisfaction, both
in price and quality Of work, and are determined
not to be under sold by any other house.
Sept 80 59-3m. JOHN YOUNG 4 co.
Clarksville chronicle. (Clarksville, Tenn.) 1857-1865, 1859-12-23
Real Estate Agent

"A n d A NC t o II q err.
Thankful for the generous patronage bestowed
for the last thirteen years. socita continuance Of
the same, and shall do all in my power usual to
make it the interest of the people to put their bust
ness in my hands 10 do. feel confident, from my
long experience, that am better prepared to sub
serve your interest than ever, from the fact that
better known, and better posted in regard to the
wants of the people / will give strict attention
to the selling Of Real Estate either private pub
lie, and shall make it my study 10 kpoc the wants
Of the community; so that if man has property OF
any kind to sell, by putting it in my hands he will
find buyer if there is ono in the country, for his
article. will also give my attention to the rent
ing of city property, to the selling hiring of
wants, and in fact TO the selling of all kinds of
property either public or private. Hs "a.
hare an Auction license for the city of New
Providence also, and will be happy at all times to
serve them.
T. D. LEONARD,
Real Estate Agt and Auctionecr.
Nov. IL, Soft
Clarksville chronicle. (Clarksville, Tenn.) 1857-1865, 1859-12-23

Having qualified as the Administrator of the
estate of Ncedham Whitfield, Sen'r decd at the
November term of the County court of Montgom-
ery-notice is hereby given to all persons indebted
to said estate TO come forward and make payment
at farthest by January, l. 1860, suit will he in
stituted on all claims due, and all having claims
will present them for payment, within the time pre-
Scribed by law, or they will be barred.
T. J. MUNFORD, Admir-
Of Needham Whitfield, ST.. decd.
Nov 25, '59-4w
Clarksville chronicle. (Clarksville, Tenn.) 1857-1865, 1859-12-23
WHITFIELD, BRADLEY & CO.,
Machinists, Iron and Brass Founders,
>->-- 90 GAINESVILLE, TENNESSEE.


Wpugh ron
of
TresvS pradAgrc rtUI pga
Water Iron
odd
Mtd Nantes Cincinnati freight added
a &c
pncuan, md a rt TERMS CAsTon delivery
Clarksville chronicle. (Clarksville, Tenn.) 1857-1865, 1859-12-23
Hardware Notice.

Farmers, Mechanics and Merchants buying Hard
ware of any kind will find it greatly to their inter-
est to examine the stock of Hardware Guns, Cutlery
Edge Tools, &C.. now in store and being received at
the Hardware House of Fall Turnkey, sign Of the
Big Gun, Public SQUARE, GAINESVILLE, Tenn.
Clarksville chronicle. (Clarksville, Tenn.) 1857-1865, 1859-12-23
Valuable Timbered Land
FOR SALE.

want to sell $50 acres of land, lying four miles
above GAINESVILLE, on Cumberland river, well tim
bered, suitable for Wheat and Tobacco farm; il
lies one-fourth of mile from the river, but own
road and landing, the landing above high water
mark. There is five times as much wood on the
land would pay for it, at the price ask. will
make the payments easy. Any person can see and
examine the land by calling on me, or Mr.. w. Fer
r, who lives adjoining the land. 1t has plenty of
good water on it.
n. II. ALLEN.
Nov SO Soft
Clarksville chronicle. (Clarksville, Tenn.) 1857-1865, 1859-12-23

By If you are seeking comfort, desire to ward
off the chilling blasts of winter call at B. PLossER
Il Co.'S and supply yourself with outfit. Their
stock of Fall and Winter Clothing is very large and
well selected Store room on the Public Square.
Clarksville chronicle. (Clarksville, Tenn.) 1857-1865, 1859-12-23

nf9. The trial, before court of magistrates. Of
George Harris, for killing Robert Baxter was COM
menced last Friday, and concluded on Monday.
when the accused was discharged. johnson l.
Humphreys, Quarles 4 Harrel, Henry B Shackel-
ford, W. Lowe, and Acknowledgement Lowe for
the prosecutions and Robb h Bailey, and Horn
berger House. for the defense.
Clarksville chronicle. (Clarksville, Tenn.) 1857-1865, 1859-12-23
Dec |, 1889.
NEW FIRM /,

In the Wholesale and Retail Grocery Business.
The undersigned will continue the above business
at their warehouse on Franklin street
Will receive in a few days, large addition to
their present stock, and will continue to receive
throughout the season. regular supplies of all artic-
les usually kept in a Grocery Store, TO which we
invite the attention Of our friends.
Chiffon HARRISON.
Doc
Clarksville chronicle. (Clarksville, Tenn.) 1857-1865, 1859-12-23

usar On Monday afternoon last, the weather
which had been very pleasant changed suddenly to
cold, and this was followed by heavy fall of snow.
It fell very rapidly and in a few hours the ground
was covered 70 the depth of three or four inches.
The cold weather continued for two days after; but
at this time it has moderated, and is quito pleasant,
The snow, however, is slill over everything.
Clarksville chronicle. (Clarksville, Tenn.) 1857-1865, 1859-12-23
DIED,

On the 18th inst, MADorE, eldest daughter Of Rev.
T. Delacy Wardlaw, of this city.
At his residence in Humphreys county, Tenn.
on the 10Th inst, of consumption, Mr.. s. NJ. NEB-
LETT, formerly of this county, aged about 40 years.
Clarksville chronicle. (Clarksville, Tenn.) 1857-1865, 1859-12-23

nsA-M Mr.. Elmire will fournish the Musical Friend
every week, for Is cts. per no. Each no. will con
tain four or FIVE choice pieces of Music, the most
popular of the day, for the voice and pano-forte.
Clarksville chronicle. (Clarksville, Tenn.) 1857-1865, 1859-12-23

Rfa. Last week we were favored with two of the
ablcst and most entertaining Temperance Lectures
we have heard in great while. They were dcliv-
cred by Prof. s. NJ. Hewlctt-one at the Preshytcr-
ian and the other at the Baptist Church. Mr.. H..
has been long devotng his time exclusively to this
glorious cause, and has done much good. As n
Lecturer he stands next to Cough From the N. Y.
Observer, indeed we learn that he and Cough were
both actors both dissipated and both were reclaimed
and commenced lecturing at the same time. We
wish Mr.. H. all possible success and prosperity
Bo,Clin1 Green Gazette.
Prof Hewlett will deliver an address in this city
on Monday, 26th inst.
Clarksville chronicle. (Clarksville, Tenn.) 1857-1865, 1859-12-23

GsA- Miller 4 Kennedy seem determined to DO
their part towards supplying this community with
Groceries They have just received from New Or
leans, and other points, % very large and select as
sentiment Of everything I'm their line, to which they
ask thc attention of buyers, both i'm town and coun-
try, BE sure to read their advertisement, aud give
them a call IL you wish TO buy,
Clarksville chronicle. (Clarksville, Tenn.) 1857-1865, 1859-12-23
Nov. 25, SO
Dissolution.

The co-partnership heretofore existing between
FOWLKES, Chiffon & Co, in the Grocery bu-
sness, is this day dissolved by mutual consent
Either member is authorized to Use the name of the
late firm in settlement Of the business of sad firm.
All persons indebted will make payment to Chiffon
Harrison, and they will pay all debts due by the
late firm. .
RoBT. s. Chiffon,
II. A. FOWLKES,
A. d. HARRISON
Clarksville chronicle. (Clarksville, Tenn.) 1857-1865, 1859-12-23

pEA. We happened To stroll, few days ago ont
on College street beyond the graveyard and, to
oar surprise found there too the evidences of inn
proycmcnt that mark our town rc,Emly, Scycml
ucN residences have been built there during the
past summer and others are now under process of
completion This part of the city yet affords some
fine building sites.
Clarksville chronicle. (Clarksville, Tenn.) 1857-1865, 1859-12-23
Notice,
Oct %. SO

All persons wanting Fruit Trees or Ornamental
Trees, Strawberry Plants or Shrubbcry, grown by
Downer of Todd County, Ky, will please send their
order to me nj Graysvle Ky. and they will be
punctually attended to and sent to order.
c. L. WILCOX, Agent.
Nov. IL, '59-6m.
Clarksville chronicle. (Clarksville, Tenn.) 1857-1865, 1859-12-23
FARM FOR SALE.

OFFER for sale two tracts of the best Land in
the Green River country. One tract contains
100 I-2 ES,
well improved; good Dwelling House, Tobacco
Barns, Out Houses Wells Ice House, &C., &c.
About one-half cleared and 90 acres in Wheat 1t
is nearly all fenced with Usage Orange Hedges
Taken altogether 1t is one of the most desirable
places in Christian County.
The other tract contains
20 4 CRES OF GOOD TIMBERED LAND.
The above described Land is situated in Christian
County, miles from Garrettsburg, and Is miles
from Hopknsville, Ky. Any person wishing to
buy bargain, apply to JOHN X. SMITH.
Dec. 8, l859-tf
Clarksville chronicle. (Clarksville, Tenn.) 1857-1865, 1859-12-23

GeIa- Gerrit Smiths family expect that he will be
enough to eat roast turkey with them on Christ
mNsdNv.
Clarksville chronicle. (Clarksville, Tenn.) 1857-1865, 1859-12-23
SIS REWARD!

Strayed from the premises of George Mari, about
two weeks since spotted Heifers and Steers one
light red, the other bald face red two years old
They were all marked with a cross, and slit in the
right ear. Whoever will return said cattle to Mr..
MARI, will receive the above reward.
N. KANE.
Oct 49, SO
Clarksville chronicle. (Clarksville, Tenn.) 1857-1865, 1859-12-23

FoR RENT.--H II. Poston has a comfortable dwell
ling house for rent containing seven rooms.
Clarksville chronicle. (Clarksville, Tenn.) 1857-1865, 1859-12-23

Rca. Mr.. VIM. NJ. Dean is agent in this city, for
the sale of W. c. Kans Constables Guide and Form
Book He will kept supply at the Post Office.
Clarksville chronicle. (Clarksville, Tenn.) 1857-1865, 1859-12-23

neH- A bill has passed both houses of the Georgia
Legislature calnga convention to revise the con-
stitution of that State.
Clarksville chronicle. (Clarksville, Tenn.) 1857-1865, 1859-12-23
10000 ACRES
Humphreys Co. Land For Sale
AT SI.5O PER ACRE!
Kno,on as the "Htrricane Forge Property"
- Now owned by G. W Hillnan


THIS TRACT is all in timber except some 300
or 400 acres, and lies the waters of Duck River
and Hurricane Greek, three or four miles from Wa
verify, and the same distance from the
NASHVILLE& MEMPHIS RAILROAD,
which is NOW UNDER CONTRACT which we all
know Immediately doubles the price of the lands
through which they run. There are so or us
acres cleared and has upon it of the best water
powers in the State, with first rate dana Grist
and Saw Mill. q
The Land is as Fine and Level
as lands that know are selling in many parts of
the State for from $50 to 800 an acre. For the
Milling and Stock business it offers superior induce
ments. During the dry season the Mill does the
grinding for 25 or 80 miles around. There is tim
Der enough on the tract to pay for it a hundred
times.
win either sell all together, or divide TO suit
purchasers, If not sold privately before the
FIRST MONDAY IN FEBRUARY NEXT,
will sell it at auction in Waverly on that day. l
will spend the week previous to sale Mt Esquire W.
J. Knights, near the premises, and will show the
Lands to those wishing to buy-or Esquire Knight
will show them at any time.
TERMS.--One-fourth cash, balance in l, 2, 3, 4
and equal annual payments. Security required
and lien retained on the property until all is paid
Title guaranteed
Il. Id. LEONARD,
Real Estate agent and Auetionser.
Nov. 4, ls59-tds. E. ..r.
Clarksville chronicle. (Clarksville, Tenn.) 1857-1865, 1859-12-23

Dear A hll to bring the election Of tax collector
before the people has passed both houses Of the Lc-
gsaturc.
Clarksville chronicle. (Clarksville, Tenn.) 1857-1865, 1859-12-23

WANTED-A good Cook and Washer for next
year. A good price will be paid for good servant
Apply at this office.
Clarksville chronicle. (Clarksville, Tenn.) 1857-1865, 1859-12-23

G35~ The small pox and varioloid prevails to an
alarming extent in Boston.
Clarksville chronicle. (Clarksville, Tenn.) 1857-1865, 1859-12-23
NEGROES for Sale,

BY order of the County court of Montgomery
county, Tenn, made at the December term of said
court, 1882 | shall, on Monday, the 26th day OF
December, 1852 at the courthouse in GAINESVILLE,
sell, to the highest bidder, for cash, two likely ne
gro girls, one named Alice aged about / years, the
other named Prudy aged about 8 years. Said ne
groes are of good families and more than ordinarily
MISUNDERSTANDING to the estate of Violet Lynes,
decd. Sold for a division.
WIN. ROGERS, Clerk.
Dec o. '59-3w-pr fee 81 GO
EEIy~ W. j. MAcoRMAc, Practical Photographed
makes pictures in every style of the art from the
smallest miniature up to life-size Photographs. In
struCtions given in any or all of the branches.
Rooms west side Public Square, GAINESVILLE.
Clarksville chronicle. (Clarksville, Tenn.) 1857-1865, 1859-12-23

M. There are 3Gs conycts in the Tennessee
Penitcntiary.
Clarksville chronicle. (Clarksville, Tenn.) 1857-1865, 1859-12-23

BE5y" Our carriers will be round on Monday, with
his Address. Give him lift, one and all.
Clarksville chronicle. (Clarksville, Tenn.) 1857-1865, 1859-12-23
RAILROAD NOTICE.

PASSENGER TRAINS on the Memphis, Clarks-
vile, ana Louisville Railroad will be discontinued
after MONDAY, December 9th. freight will be
received rs heretofore, and will start ont once or
twice per week, as occasion may require.
W. A. QUARLES, President
Dee o, ls59-tf
Clarksville chronicle. (Clarksville, Tenn.) 1857-1865, 1859-12-23
Fruit Trees !
Sept. 2, '59-3m.

$4,000 Apple, Pear Peach Plum Cherry and
other fruit trees in the course propagation. The
growth is very vigorous and fine and varieties I'M
70 cts for apples, 20 for peach, 80 for
pear, etc. will deliver in New Providence and
Clarksville.
Sept 8, 59-f W. F. FALL.
Clarksville chronicle. (Clarksville, Tenn.) 1857-1865, 1859-12-23

nay Subscriptions must invariably be paid for in
VANCE~Gsa