The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1859-04-12

eae to the surprise Of every treads the boards
symmetry she sang with great disnctpess and traditional
accuracy that most ungrateu and difficult role Of Donna
Eliza, and agree with our corere Gdltgnans that
she will be valuable acquisition to any lyric theatre"
We hope her in character better adapted to
her great ability and highly finished style Persiani still
showed the great dye she has been as did also Freq
zon and Tucchni the prince Of buos Mario looked
WELL but like La Guerrabella misplaced In the opera
The Italian Opera fast losing ground from grea. msma
nagement.
Unjust forget mention the festival of the Orphe-
Of France, at the Paas de Industre-6 900 sing
ers at once, without decentralization went of with
My lady friend has no. yet given the fashions for
this steamer An entire revolution is preparing, headed
by the Empress which will be the curiosity OF my next
Our Berlin Correspondence.
BERLIN, March 49, 1859.
The Peace Congress Likely to Meet in this City-wsia
Shea.he, the S,oords of Europe for Momen-Joycf Tie
| Prusian People at the Chance Of Peace-DisastroIs
Effects Of War on her Interesa-Hsr Army Recruit.
ment Observation-Disclosures and Objects Of the Land
iuehr-Dirisions and Tsal Strength Of the Standing
Army
For the moment everything looks quite peaceful again.
| Russia has proposed Congress of the great Eu-
ropean Powers to meet in this city, neutral ground
for the purpose of settling the Italian question: France
accordance with whose wishes this proposal proba
bly, made given her consent and AUSTRIA after
ly sgned her acquiescence OF course it remains very
doubtful whether the Congress will lead to agreement
between the contendng parties their antagonsm is too
decided and their political views and interests differ too
widely render easy but at any rate the danger
of immediate hostlics to be averted diplomacy
has stepped between the combaants and arrested the
swords that about to leap from their scabbards aud
whatever turn events may finally take, EUROPE has at
least obtained respite, during which she can fetch
breath and recover little from the that have be.
set her since the memorable LIST Of January.
Here Prussia especially, the prospect Of peaceful
solution has been eagerly welcomed, the public having
been alarmed for come time previous by reports that the
army, at least part Of it, was to be placed on the
war footing, which had diused universal CONSERVATION
The organization of the Prussan army is such that
where in the world would have 70 disastrous
effect upon the comfort and the very existence of the
whole population in this country will be readily
perceived from sketch of the military system established,
which, believe is not generally known in America. BY
law every man who has attained the age Of twenty
is obliged to in the regular army for
three years, substitute being allowed, and excuse
admitted short of physical incapacity Young men Of
good education, however, may apply to entcr as volun
teers," when, If they pass their examination 10 the
various branches Of service required they have only to
year, receiving pay, and finding their own
UNIFORM and accourments. After the expiration OF their
of service the standing army they transferred
to the Iandwehr-whch resembles the regulars in every
respect except 1t continually under arms-and
where they must in the First Ban (Aufgeot till
they complete their thirty second year. From that ageo
thirty they enrolled in the Second Ban originally
intended for garrison duty but which may be called in
cases of necessity reinforce the standing army Every
regiment of the ne infantry and cavalry has regiment
Of andwehr attached to it, being the number and
uniform with the exception of ring distinctions
They Offered the the line, but only
called out once year, or sometimes every two
years for field days, maneuvres and reviews when they
receive their and accoutrements from the govern
meD arsenals and clothing depots established In all the
provinces of the monarchy for the Of the autwehr
After the reviews they return their arms &c.
TO these magazines and are permitted 70 resume their usual
avocatons but remain embodied the Frst Ban of the
Iandwehr, and are liable TO be called out whenever
order issued to put tue army on war footing or what
s now termed Kingsbeuitschaft and while the reg.
las marched or 10 meet the enemy they remain under
a The First Ban Of the Landwehr is
composed OF twelve bat0ns Of guards, ninety six bat
talons Of infantry and one hundred and forty -four
squadrons of cavalry besides artillery Its total strength
on the war establishment is stated at l74,626 men In
peace only the skeletons Of the bataons and squadrons
are MISUNDERSTANDING four thousand one hundred
and twenty three men, ana three hundred and
horses. That Of the Second Ban at 49, men. These
figures given in 1858 and 1884, but have not altered
materially since.
The IAndwehr was Instituted in 1sl3 and was then only
intended for the defence of the country against
foreign invagon the implies At that period the
whole nation was fired with enthusiasm, and all classes
We'd with each other in their efforts to throw off the in
toerabe yoke Of the First Napoleon which had weighed
heavily upon Prussia and Germany since the bat
ed ali the relations Of social life Save UNDERGONE erea
changes the last forty years. and the andwehr system
which originally quite popular has long been felt
grievance that called imperatvely for relief The pr
Yates well many Of the officers, belong 10 va
rous trades and professions the latter are lawyers ply
| sicans, merchants-the former mechanics, hand
| fart Ne tWO off ner
Der married, most OF them having families, and If
summoned 10 the question arises who is TO maintain
their wives and children when the husbands and fathers
absent and longer able ID provide for their sub
sistenceS All the business Of the administration would be
at stand st trade would DE- parayzed, .ne elas would
fusion. There already feeling Of dissatisfaction wis.,
bic in the belonging 10 the landwehr when called out
for field days and manGuvres, which only take them a
few weeks they complain that they obliged 70 neglect
their business have 10 march and bivouac like regular
soldiers by which many have seriously injured their
heaiths, and in some instances have young
| officers sent TO command them, who, being
noblemen by birth, think themselves far above
ton and superior IN every respect 70 those sprig Of
bihy That the service dsliked by the present gene
ration H evident from the assertions that are
constantly taking place From q single distrct-Stral
sund, for nstance-sixy seven landwehr men, belonging
both TO the infantry and cavalry, whose term Of servi
tude had not yet expired denounced the other day
In the newspapers for having quilted the country without
leave, and threatened with the penalties Of the law II
mercantile pursuits declare that i they should Be- called
out they determined 10 emgrae 10 America all
their prospects would be bghtcd by such interruption
n their career and would be difficult If not IMPOSSIBLE
for them 10 resume on their return from service The
worst that this system, 70 the population
does not Prussia the advantage Of an efficient
military force. Instead Of soldiership being regular
profession like in other countries, it Is q mere
state Of transition, 70 which every is subject,
but from which every IL anxious 70 escape
he possibly and In case Of war this Prussan army
would be composed either Of recruits Of persons
who in the pacific pursuits OF ordinary fc have long
forgotten the little they knew Of the military art, and
would be III fitted 70 cope with the trained veterans Of
France or Austria The dcpots in their military system
have not invoked the observation Of the Prussan auhor
ties and may have contributed TO the pacific attitude
which this country has maintained during Of the
important crises Of s recent history but AZ yet
decisive steps have been taken towards s
Some partial reforms, indeed have been effected under
the aurpces Of the Prince Regent by the present Minister
Of War; but these only paatvcs that do not strike at
| the root Of the evil
The Prursan standing army consists Of the Guards eta
toned at Berlin, Potsdam and Chsrloenburg, and OF
eight corps corresponding with the eight provinces Of The