The Evansville daily journal. [volume] (Evansville, Ia. [i.e. Ind.]) 1848-1862, 1859-06-22
Tn. Doctrines of Allie glance.

Opposition seem to be resolved upon making
a point out of tiff they cant euchre their
rivals-in the game for foreign votes The
Republican papers take the most extreme
view of the subject, and John Minor Bolts
has come out in letter upon the subject, in
which he contends for the most ultra doc
trine of protection. He says that when
man once places himself under the protec-
ton Of the American eagle, and swears to
support and defend the constitution and
laws Of the United States, he is free to 60
wherever the winds and waves may carry
him, always provided that he does not Of
fend against the criminal or penal codes OF
the countries that he may visit. IL follows
from this that the government under which
he has been born loses all rights over him,
and that the United States is bound to fol-
low him with its protection, and to employ
force, if necessary, to shield him from the
consequences of his indiscretion in ventur-
ing within the territories of the power to
whom he has renowned allegiance. 4
The duties of citizenship prescribed Icy
the local law of foreign countries cannot be
disputed within the realm of the sovereign
that enacts them. Every country is free to
enact such municipal regulations Of citizen
ship and civil allegiance. as it thinks exps-
dent. They are domestic laws, and have
no extra territorial jurisdiction. They re-
late to matters that cannot be embraced in
an international code without restricting
the power OF sovereign States to adopt the
citizens of other countries in such form and
manner as may suit their interests and
views. There must be a uniform rule es-
tabIished over tue world for dissolving one
allegiance and assuming another, If every
country is to be required to recognize such
acts on its own subjects. If the law is TO
be made universal, its operation must he
made just and equal. r..f,.t r-
These doctrines may serve rs excellent
weapons in political canvass at home, but
they would be at once shivered in a con-
troversy upon international rights with the
ministers of foreign power. Our own gov
eminent has so frequently and clearly
laid down her construction of the internal
tional law, that she has left herself nc
ground to dispute the claim set by Euro
pean powers for the duties of native allegi-
ance.; D..
70 l,,,tft.1 to no he rs,hf of in
dependent sovereignty 10 natnralize foreign
ers ana confer upon them such privileges OF
citizenship as is deemed proper; but a:
these privileges result entirely from thu
municipal law by which they are defined
and guaranteed, it is equally obvious tha
they are commensurate only with the legiti
mate jurisdiction OF that law. To claim
more is to claim for American law an ex
tra-territorial force, which is in eontraven
ton alike Of reason and of the. principle
which are fundamental to the law of ma
tons The protection which this countrl
affords TO the naturalized citizen cannot b
properly extended to defend him against th
municipal regulations prescribed by his owl
country, and which, on his voluntary return
revive in all their obligations upon him,
it be the will Of his native country TO en-
force them. Our municipal law eanno
avail to nuIlify the municipal law of othe
sovereignties. Such was the principal an
nounced by Mr.. Marcy in the case of Tonsg
an Austrian subject, who after declarin
his intention to become a citizen of th
United States, voluntarily returned TO hi
native country, and sought to shield himse
from the obligations enjoined by AUSTRIA
law.
In the discussion OF that question, Nj
Marcy said:
Having been once subject to the mn
nicipal laws of Austria, and while unde
her Jurisdiction violated these laws, his with
drswal from that jurisdiction and acquirin
a different national character would not ca
empt him from their operation whenever h
again chose to place himself under them
Every nation, whenever its laws are vic
lated by any one owing obedience 10 them
whether he be u citizen or stranger, has
right TO infict the penalties incurred upo
the transgressor, if found within its juris
diction. The case is not altered by th
character of the laws, unless they are i
dero.atiOh of the well-established interna
tional code. No nation has right to super
wise the municipal code OF another nation
OF claim that its citizens or subjects sha
he exempted from the operation of sue
code, if they have voluntarily placed then
selves under it, The character Of the mi
nicipal laws of one country does not furnis
a inst ground for other States to interfel
with the execution of these laws, even upo
their own citizens, when they have gor
into that country and subjected themselv
10 its jurisdiction" tt.
The letter Of Gen. CaSs only reiterates Il
doctrines laid down 10y Mr.. Marcy, and su
ported by Wheaton, ina valuable treatise {
international law
The QUESTION or NEUTRAL RIGHrs VII
EsGLAxD.-Lord T., ons, the English Mini
ter. had a long interview with Gen. Cass
Saturday, relating to general subjects
There is every reason 10 believe that Gre
p-...:,. :, N, The norticular time. most an