Litchfield enquirer., 1859-05-19

The two provinces of Italy which now belong to Austria are Lombartly and Venice They were as signed to that power by the arrangements of 1915, which parcelled out Europe to the then victorious powers These two provinces are separated from the Kingdom of Sardinia (Piedmont is the distinc- tive name of the proyince) by the river Ticino (pronounced Te-chee-no) which runs through Lake Maggiore and is branch of the Po. Its general direction is little east of South. It enters the Pc ear the city of Pavia. On this river the Austrian it is reported, they have crossed it to the num- Der of 120.0 GOO men, and marching towards Ti,- rin the capital, which is on the Pc, but some dis tance from the Ticino.
 The Pc is the Southern boundary of Lombardy and Venice, separating these provinces from that s ction of the States of the Church which lies on the Adriatic and from Modena and Parma in the iuteror An alleged interference with the rights of these small states by placing soldiers in them, is one of the professed causes of the war.
 The country between the Ticino and Turin is lev e, and the last report is that the roads had be5n dug up, the bridges over the numerous streams de- stroyed ia hopes of creating such natural obstacles as would hinder the Austrians in their passage as to allow the French army to reach Genoa and Tu- rin- The SaIdinian army 70 900 strong is said to have retreated towards Alessandria on the To, 8 position which, it may be by glance at the map would connect them with both Genoa and Tn- rin leaving, however, the northern passage to Tu- rin, by the way of Noyarra and Chivasso. unde- tended.
 It had been calculated that the Austrians could not spare more than 90 GOO to cross the Ticino in consequence of the large garrisons they must keep up on the line of the Pc. As the Austrian army covers these positions in Lombardy and Venice, it could readily draw many men from all tliese for tresses, returning them when they are pursued and Lom bardy is invaded. This would be done unless there IS apprehension of the rising of the Italian peasantry. But, if the remark we in one of the letters from Eurpe be true, the peasantry are not fed anI pn iS fo hp lad the Austrians that crossed the 1icino numbered l20, coo men, we shall be inclined to believe that at present, there is such apprehension enter tained.
 Austria has large military force. numbering 640,000. large force is needed to watch the Rus sians the borders of Gallica, Hungary and Tran sylvania, and the Turks the side of Croatia. This new alliance of France and Austria has com plicated the difficulties of Austria very materially and her troops may be required at home as we'll as in Italy. The policy of Austria has always been to employ the soldiers of her provinces at distance from their homes. They are less subject then to popular impulses. It is probable that the present army of Italy that has crossed the Pc consists most ly of Bohemians, Moravians, Galicians and Hunga- rians while the Russians in the North East are watched by the Italian and Lombard contingencies or by the Alpine soldiers of the Empire. By this measure, II there IS to be any popular outbreak in this war, Austria will much more readily secure and preserve the fidelity of her soldiers
 The French have probably 200, 600 men that they can throw into italy in week. Already has a low section of the Alps been crossed by one division, their march being directed towards Turin, through Savoy and Chamberri another has taken the coast through Nice; while a third, sent from Marseilles and Toulon by steam to Genoa, can reach Allessan- dria by rail. Turin may fall by rapid movement of the Austrian army but it will soon be again in French hands. @ #s
 The flight Of Leopold II. the Grand Duke of Tug cany from Florence is very significant at the pres- ent crisis. He commenced his reign in 1924, and is now 61 years old He was entirely under the control of Austria and hated the French most cor dially. When Bonaparte conquered Italy, his fam fly were driven iato exile Jn the revolution of 1848, he was himself expelled, but subsequently, re- instated in 1850 by the Austrians, who have ever since kept 900 soldiers in Tuscany to uphold the Grand Duke. He belongs to the House of Haps- burg, and sinks or swlms with the Austrian Elm pire It is no wonder the people expelled him.
 We would advise all our readers to procure good maps of Italy, and follow on them the movements of the armies. It will be an interesting employ ment and prove of use to the children, by giving them a taste for geography and history.-C0nrant. l