The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1859-07-22

ae dimensions Of a po,eertl Kingdom BY Me an;
aerat;nn Of such other territory may be deemed
roney. ne disposal Of Penetd in such NAM er
rs abol secure its nationality and tndepeWp mo;
he reform Of he Roman Staies SO as 70 preclude
nnri of The people; and such reforT In Naples "a
sha raise that now depressed kp gdom to the i'm
proved level of the rest OF F.aly as she viii be
When the forthcoming couns' els have taken effect
This done, the mission of France in Italy will be
ended, the long standing, danger to the peace of
EUROPE will have been removed. The Emperor OF
The French will thev have only to retarn tn his
grateful subjects, exalted in their eyes by his sig.
nal triumph ttden with the gratitude of all Italian
patriots, eari'ed to the thanks of Eurolse the cen
hdence Of England and the respect " the great
military Power whose position ia Europe ne never
allowed himself to forget, even in those moments
of victery when he had the strongest reasons for
being proud OF his own.
Prom the LONDON fnopomtst yurvNI
While waiting for tidfrss of final and decisive
battle In the centre Of Tie celebrated uuadrilatera
Of fortresses which has always been considered as
the stronghold of Austrian Italy, The world has
been startled by tfc announcement of an armistice
BETWEEN tne 1--WE oeiigerents and is still in consi
derable perPexity as to what This armistce may
mean. VI codrSse all conjecuures on the matter
must be purefspeculave, for even the Noniteur's
comment only hints that son,e sort Of negotiation
bexpectea: out it seems TO US that it may mean.
NJ II certainly suggests something Of the greatest
moment.
Imay simply mean That both parties, exhausted
for a breathing space before entering on the fna
conflict, and that esch combattant fancies that he
rsths than his antagonist viii be the gamer by the
pause The French Emperor is far from the basis of
bis ~ erations ara was obliged to begin the
few%eeks before his preparations were completed:
he,may not be syrry for an opportunity OF bringing
uphis reserves. The Austrian Emperor may alsp
have been so crippled by the iercely contested
aelds of Magenta and Soferno. that, even under
the protectsuh of his great fortresses, he feels
ucarcey yet ready without further reinforcements,
tn nnat oat-
tie forever The fate of his Italian possessions. But
We do not think that this is the probable meaning
Of the aruiistce.
1t maysl mean that Louis Napoleon, fancying
that he HAS accomplished his purpose of making
the further sojonrn of austria in Italy impossible,
and feeling that this end has been attatied at
fearful cost of blood and treasure may be anxious
To display himself to Europe in the rare and grand
attitu@. of great conqueror pausing in the mid
career of victory. 1t may be that having already
gained the reputation of extraordinary military
SUCCESS he is DESTROYS to obtain credit for still
more traordinary moderation. 1t may well be,
also that he is influenced by the not unnatural and
very wise indisposit to risk the laurels already
won by further trial which might not terminate
so gloriousy for his arms. He has made about the
most rapid and prosperous campaign on record;
he has had taste of the stubborn character of the
troops he has to contend with; and history, in
which he is well read is there to remind him that
Austria is more obstinate than prompt, and, like
England, usually fights better each succeeding year
Of prolonged war. Moreover he unquestionably
sees difficulties which he may have overlooked or
urder estimated before thickenHg round him amidst
and even in cose quence Of his victories. If the war
were to continue, the population of Romagna and
probably that OF Naples and Sicily likewise, would
be up in arms and he would find himself in the
dilemma OF either disconntenaclng aud perhaps
actually REFRESHING their movements e., Of
fighting against his own allies and proteges-
or of permitting the dethronement of the Pope,
and thus drawing upon himself the violent an
tagonism of the ultramOntaue clergy of France
He may, therefore, be willing enough on every
ground to rest content for the present with the
pulsion Of the Austrians, leaving the other difficult
ties of the Italian question" to be settled by after
COL sderation, and with other European aid. Fur
ther, too, he rock Immediately ahead. If
Austria is again beaten and turns obstinate, he will
be placed in the dilemma of either suffering his foe
u escape him, leaving him on the field with his work
only half done, or, il he pursues her beyond the
Alps, to complete his victory and force her into
whole Germanic Confederation. If, therefore, he
has any reason to believe that Austria is now will
ling on any terms to evacuate Italy for good, he
may be saRacious as well as moderate in offering
her armstice with view to detnitve peace.
On the other hand, it is by no means impossible,
though we admit-in reference to the known per
sistence Of Austrian policy-far from probable that
francis Joseph having suffered three great defeats
in little than three weeks, and having all
his youthful and presumptuous Hopes Of victory
and fame scattered to the winds, may in July take
very different estimate of his position from that
which in May seemed not unreasonably sanguine
He may feel that another decisive defeat on his own
chosen ground and III his own famous quadrilateral
would do more to ruin the prestige of Austrian
arms than even peace which should deprive him
ola province which has always been rather source
OF weakness and impoverishment than of rea
wealth and power. He must be well aware that,
under no circumstances could his Italian provinces
ever have been retained otherwise than by the
sword; and that after what has passed, their
permanent retention in any manner has become
quite impossible; and that if he can terminate a
disastrous war by simply, and with the best grace
he may, resignng what ii was both impossible and
observation-disclosures exhausting-to keep, he may
cODside himself to have come off cheap. He sees
that the next steps OF the war will be the revolt
aud severance Of Hungary-a loss of teniod greater
magnitude than that Of Lombardy and Venice; and
he may well desire at any price, to avert so dread
ed catastrophe Finally, he may perhaps have
been informed that England looks upon the Aus
TRAN possession of Italy 10 be untenable in actto
have been 50 Ubiquitous and oppressive in its his
tory, and to be so permanently disturbing to
the peace OF Europe, that she has told Prus-
Ha that any Intervention on her part in the
Italian contest must be at her own risk, and will
be cordially and avowedy dscountenanced by
US. II this argument, as is not unlikely, should
prove to have been one OF the most influential in
inducing her TO accept an armistce and to seek q
peace, great proportion OF the credit of the new
aspect which affairs will then take will be due to
the recent change of government here, and to the
clear and decisive language OF our Foreign Secre-
tary, as supposed to be set forth in the despatch
which was The subject of question and comment in
the House of Commons last night. We can well
believe that, with the knowledge that England cor
daily sympathses with the cause Of Italy, Prussia
will pause, and Austria might well despair
Surprising then, that peace may really be in
prospect and in discussion, we wish most earnestly,
and with the most grave meaning in what we say,
to urge two things upon English statesmen and the
English nation. The first Isl on no pretext and for
no object whatever to make themselves party to
any negotiations for peace which shall not have
as their basis the entire withdrawal Of Austria
from the Italian territory. If single foot of
ground inhabited by Italians be left to her, nothing
will have been done; the old eternal sore will be
still open, and all the blood shed in this war will
have been shed in vain. The second Is, that the
early termination of the war is ground whatever
for any relaxation III our naval and military prepa-
rations for defence but the contrary. If peace
comes-and if the terms be just and good, as we
sincerely hope they may-we must not forget that
it leaves vast armies still on foot, invigorated,