The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1859-02-08
THE EXPANSION OF AMERICA.
Opinions Of Lords Derby and PaImersson on
shc Monroe D0ctrane-The Last Fiiibuster
Expedition 10 Nicaragua.


tionazed the vanqushed and wholly absorbed the PEG
pie within itself by the right OF conquest Russia
es the rS Gran, raj pucny q wsaw Of Finland aud s
from Austria. By various International treaties
States have been enlarged IN their territories others
duced and in all cases the successful party has imposed
its own laws and prescribed It's form Of rule The
conduct Of the United States has been very different
When they had won their independence from Great
Britain the first act OF Congress was 10 settle Tie
Western territory each OF the original thirteen States
claiming portion of it, and that portion being undeanei
In the controversy that about their disputed AID
conflicting claims in reference to boundary insisted
that their land stretched out to the Mississippi and
to the Pacific ocean During some years none would yield
particle of their pretensions and anarchy meuaced the
new institutions with absolute ruin. AT length more
conciaory spirit arose-a made concessions, aud the
outlying territory constituted national domain
which the federal government guardian OF the national
sovereignty, exercised full dominion. 0lt Of II
created the five new States OF Ohio, indiana Limos,
Michigan and Wisconsin. They became integral parts OF
the federation and That annexed but they
framed laws for themselves within their jurisdiction
When Florida purchased from aud
France they annexed in the spirit and with the
same rights, and the same rule adopted when Texas
and California were rather conquered than acquired From
these facts it evident that the American policy very
different from that OF Europe in the extension Of empire.
With the latter the rule has been to impose yoke,
heavier lighter may be; with the former to cal
into existence new republic independent within its own
boundaries, but recognizing the federal sovereignty into
the membership Of which has been admitted. We offer
these explanatory remarks In the hope Of removing
OF the confusion which frequently ntrudes itself into dis
cussons American and European politics when the two
both must be looked a. from different points Of view and
contemplated and studied nnder different aspects,
In Europe there is antagonism between the autocratc
and representative principles In America or strict.
y within the United States there the unity Of re-
publican institutions In Europe therefore, wars may
dread Of nntonaes being ussaed and eanSushed but
in America there such motives TO induce rulers
draw the sword When Genoa was appended to Sardinia
and Cracow annexed 10 AUSTRIA both acts acts Of
force and hateful to the people, but such violations Of
nationality can possibly occur under the Of
ary and instead Of rights being suppressed they are
conferred. There annexation is neither more
nor Less . than ~ an s,, extended and perfectly
authority Is assumed. But when America comes into
conflict with Europe, perfectly novel relations arise,
diplomacy enters into ceremonals formaItes and
the element OF antagonism is invoked. This political
phase has been Witnessed In the international relations
between Europe Central America and the United States
in the Clayton and Buwer treaty In the affairs Of Cuba,
Canada and Mexico, many matters recorded in past
history, and Others which the subject of pending
negotiations In the just mode Of settling such differences
it is desirable TO get rid OF very generally enter
tanned, which ooly create mischief so long as they
pe "a ana eaa :. % asay aaa s%o ss
rinc ich has been most wrongly Interpreted ere oy
Leading American statesmen among rho"s NJ Cas- ne
fn,-oy isnpusoa he ahsnlutaly
denied the right of Europe to intervene in any matter
affecting the American continent, implying in this
sweeping egotsm that belonged wholly ana exclusively
10 the United States claiming dominion over countries
which never acknowledged its sway, and repudated
its alliance 1t sufficient TO British North America,
which contains larger territorial area than the
United States ITSELF The extravaganza of this doctrine is
really insult TO the memory OF the departed President,
who simply acted on the friendly advice Of the late Mr.
Canning. We viii briefly recall the circumstances which
dictated the policy Of Mr. Monroe.
That confederation Of Russia, Austria and Prussia,
formed after the downfall of the first Napoleon and
known as the Holy Alliance, determined to pu. down
power, the principles Of liberty based upon repre-.
sentative government. They aided Ferdinand VII. Of
Spain, in strangling Spanish liberalism, and deter.
over those kingdoms Of Spanish America conquered
by Cortez, Pizarro, and Alvarado,. and which had
been guaranteed TO his ancestors and their descendants in
perpetuy by Papa decree This In accordance with
the dogma OF legitimacy, Of which the Holy Alliance was
the exponent and CHAMPION and Of course revived the
divine right Of kings Consequently, in spirit denied
the right of the Hanoveran family the crown Of Eng
land and also the independent existence Of the United
Staes both having been derived from revol0on These
Dsoleht assumptions Of united Mr.. Monroe and
Canning in common resistance the dctaton Of the
Alliance The American President, speaking in the name
OF his country inmaed TO Russia Austria and Prus
s that 1--WE should consider any attempt on their part
to extend their system 10 any portion OF this hemisphere
as dangerous TO peace and safety Tothat doctrine
no British subject can object nay is worthy OF unqua
lifted admiration The subject is important, especially
a. the pesen. me when Mr. Cass putting eUss
us to put all honest controversy At rest by quoting more
at length the very words in which Mr. Monroe addressed
the members Of the Holy Alliance :-"Wh the existing
colonies dependencies OF European Power have
not ntefered and shall not interfere. But with the Anne
governments who have declared their independence
and maintained Il, and whose Independence we have on
great considerations and just principles acknowledged
we could not view any inerposon for the purpose OF
expressing them or controlling in any other way their
destiny by any European Power in any other light than
a. the manifestation OF an upriendy disposition toward
zoe NE. Sntea sta,es is Impossible tnat tne
portion OF either continent without endangerDg our peace
and happness nor can any believe that Southern
brethren, left to themselves would adopt on their
own account It Is equally impossible, therefore, that
we should behold any such nterposon in any form with
Such noble sentiments merit overv thew
embody finn but temporarily expressed protest against
despotsm but not word, by the most strained ntepre
taton can be construed deny the right Of Europe TO
interfere with the American continent a new mode Of
transit can be established between the Atlantic and Pa
eng oceans Europe bas as clear right to It's use a. the
,bea sa'es TOT an International policy OF commerce
that all nations should have free access TO all rivers,
ocean canals and harbors contributing their proper
maintenance by an equitable toll. Thus all trading com
munites have common interest," for example, in the M
caraRua route America Interested In the abolition
o. me sound dutes and Interested in the abolition Of
.hose o the Eibe Her commerce leads her
TO Europe as commerce leads Europe TO Amcri.
ca and AFTER the explanation given Of the true nature and
intent OF ~nat called the Monroe doctrine, II s 70 be
hoped that diplomacy will longer beimpedcd by false
4osses ana unwarantable interpretations; but that
mon sense and common honesty.
From the london Post, Jan. 1911
The last episode in the history Of busterism has ended
IN most unexpected aud ludlcrous The hun
area ana Dy piraeg who recently left Mobile in the ST.
san, having managed escape the United States and
brsh crnsers were Just the point OF reaching their
Wncn tDe vessel winch tney we're
embarked wrecked on a coral reef midway between
Belize, in British Honduras and Omoa, the republic Of
hopouras Inc expedition was, Of course brought to
stand sui and the adventurers Immediately sought re-
iugc IN tne neghborng British territory, where the su
Iefhtehdent, very wisely choosing 10 treat them as
orolnary snipwrccked mariners, sent them back 70
,neir own country IN her Msjestys steamer Basilsk.
we suppose that this act Of courtesy will not in
america be converted into another international
grievance, especially the AIbusters themselves
admit that "the department Of the British officials
was very praseworthy and that the officers Of the BAs
Mr. Buchanan do with this cargo which has been sud
Denly returned upon his handsf The neutrality laws OF
the United states are as clear the sun at day and
their authority has been invoked set motion BY the
recent proclamation OF the President There surely can
be no want OF evidence To chow that sailed with
out proper papers that by force she carried out 70 an
officer Of United States revenue cruiser that the object
Of the voyage was to levy against country with
which The United States peace and that the enter
prize from It's inception TO the 6Dal catastrophe Of ship
wreck was altogether Illegal We all remember the
famous foreign enlistment dispute In which Mr.
President Pierce enforced the neutrality laws Of