The daily exchange. [volume] (Baltimore, Md.) 1858-1861, 1859-12-30
THE LATE WAR IN ITALY.


ing lecture in New York, on Wednesday night,
upon the subject. He said that the object of Ma
poleOn in taking part in this war was by many
attributed to a desire to show his great general
ship lie would not say that his motives were al
together unselfish but he believed that the Emper
or Of France desired the Italian States to be indie
pendent of Austria. He had another object. Dur
ing the reign OF the BOurbOns, France had not as
pired to tirst-class position in regulating the af
fairs of nations. The course of Russia towards
France, under Nicholas, cited in proof of this;
but in the Crimean war the Emperor had vindca-
ted the claims of France to voice in deciding the
affairs of nations.
Further, it could not be denied that the message
of Orsini from his dungeon, addressed to the En-
peror after his unsuccessful attempt at assassina-
ton, had its effect upon Napoleon. Orsini asked
that France should not only take partTor Italy, but
shoul Id see that Germany should not assist Austria
The language of Orsini upon the steps of the scat
fold could not fail to have its effect upon the acts Cf
Louis Napoleon. Orsinis message weighed upon
his mind and precipitated his half-formed plans
The war and its incidents were next taken up.
The campaign had lasted but six weeks. When
the war commenced no one suspected that its ter
mination would be reached soon, and yet, it
would not be forgotten that Napoleon, leaving
for the seat of war; had expressed his intention of
joining his friends in September to hunt at Font
ainbleau. The victories of the Allies were he be-
heved, in every instance attributable to blunders
on the part of the Ausrians, the reasons for which
were given.
At the commencement of the war, Austria had
great advantage the allied forces. At the
very outset she had 200 900 soldiers on Italian soil
and France had not one. That Austria was not
victorious under the circumstances is attributable
in part to the hard fighting of the French soldiers,
in part to the trickery of their commanderin
and In great measure to the incomprehensible la
zines of the Austrans
looking upon a battle scene from neghboring
height there was after the first fire, very little to
be seen, except two great clouds of smoke, and
those engaged in the battle could see but little
more. But there was something to be seen on the
field after the battle was over He next described
graphically the scene along the roads leading from
the field OF Soferino on the day of the battle OF
the thousands of wounded whom he had seen on the
day OF the engagement, he did not think that a
dozen had given any audible indications of suffering.
The next day, however, in the hospital the case
was different. The wounds had then become in
famed, and a more shocking spectacle than they
then presented could not well be imagined.
In taking up the probable causes which had in
Huenced NapOleon's abrupt termination of the war,
the lecturer said that if he had not the genius of
the first Napoleon, he was nevertheless a man of
evident sagacity and judgment. Continuing the
struggle, while it could not have gained any ad-
vantages for France, would inevitably have drawn
Prussia and Russia into the field, which would not
have been desirable, and as nations knew no snch
thing in their motives toward each other as mag
nonimity, Napoleon had but acted wisely in doing
he did.
Nor had this war been fruitless one His plan
Of a confederation of the Italian States had been
conceived many years ago and promulged by him,
and from that day to this he had adhered tenaci-
ouSy to the same idea. The course of England in
her policy, rather want of policy, in this queS-
tion criticised, Mr.. Il. saving that she was pro-
fuse in sympathy but lacking in aid.
He held that many actual benefits had accrued
to Italy by the in question, and, in fact, all
Europe The treaty of 1915 had thereby been an-
nulled, and France again stood at the head of Eu-
ropean Powers, where she belonged.
In conclusion, he would say that we should not
be too exacting in the outward forms of foreign
governments. We felt perhaps, too much disposed
to condemn what did not conform to our republican
standard With respect to the election of NapO-
leon, about which there has been so much said. he
thought that the immense majority by which he
was elected, measuraby significant of his pupu-
larity, though, as man, he was not absolutely
popular with the French; he not of that stamp.
He cold-hearted as he was cool-headed; he
had little in him to inspire their enthusiasm. Even
on his return from his victories in Italy his recep
tiOn what would here be called Claiming with
faint praise" But he haul the confidence of the
people. They believed in his sagacity and indomi-
table will to carry out his plans.
THE MEXICAN QUESTION
APPEAL OF BRITISH SUBJECTS TO THE GOVERNMENT.
The following address, which bas been signed by
almost every firm trading with Mexico, has Just
been presented to Lord John Russell:
''The undersigned merchants of the City of Lon
don, being deeply interested in the trade between
this country and Mexico, beg to call your ordships
attention to the very dsagreeable position of those
who connected with the trade of that country,
believing your ordship may be able in some way to
afford them relief from the pressure and difficulties
they are enCountering.
"FOr many years past the English have been en-
couraged, i'll consequence of the policy adopted by
the British Government, to increase their trade
with Mexico. They have appointed agencies there,
and have also invested considerable sums of money
in mines and other industrial establishments. The
civil war which is now unfortunately raging in that
country has not only put stop to all business, but
has prevented the English agents from sending
home the money due to their employers.
'These agents have also been put under very heavy
contributions, and, as they the Chief persons
capable of paying taxes, the Mexican Government is
not very scrupulous in leveying new, as soon as
they have been compelled to pay the old taxes
The Inconvenience felt from the impOssibility of
remitting home the money lying in Mexico is very
great, and your lordship is respectfully requested
to give representatives instructions to concert
with the English as to the best way of improving
their position and OF protecting their property,
and, If necessary to consult and act with the repre-
sentatives Of other Powers in order to carry out
their views. 1t is also very desirable that Min
Eter or representative should endeavOr to obtain
some change in the oppressive manner in which the
Government raises money, and should protest
against the arbitrary acts of the Government in
imposing taxes which fall more heavily foreigners
than on the MeXicans. And, lastly, that the party
which is in office and in possession of the Govern
ment and to whom the British Minister or repre-
sentative is accredited ought to be considered the
Government de toco. Every Government there
fore ought to respect the Acts referring to British
subjects, and the contracts made with them bv
preceding Government to which our representative
had been accredited
LONDON, Nov. %, 1859
A late French writer of authority, NJ. de Tapies'
gives the following tables Of literary morality in
his Statistical Contrast between France and Eng
land:'
'.Out Of | 900 published books, 600 never nav
the cost Of printing, 200 just pay expenses, 100
turn slight profit and only 100 show a substantial
gain. Of these 900 books, $50 are forgotten at
the end of the year. and $50 more at the end of the
three wears; only 60 survive seven years publicity
OF the $4,000 publications put forth in the seven
tcenth century, hardly more than so have an estab
liShed reputation, and are republished. OF the
$4,000 works now published in the eighteenth CEN
tury, posterity has hardly preserved more than
were rescued from oblivion in the seventeenth
tury. Men have been writing books these three
thousand years, and there hardly more than
500 writers throughout the globe who have sur
vived the Outrages of time and the torgetlulness Of
man. These views are apparently drawn from
French mat aterals, but contain much universal
truth. In real live French literature, there is
scarcely name previous to Racine and Moliere,
but MOntaigne. 1t is the chief glory of English
Letters that the great minds Of the sixteenth and
seventeenth centuries still irradiate US with n
warm and steady light; Chaucer, Bacon, Hooker,
Spenser, Sidney, and Raleigh, became more and
more household words, to say nothing of Shakes
peare.
THE OYSTER WAR.-Sheriff Ireland of Anne
Arundel, has issued the following card
report having been circulated here which, by
some means unknown to me, has found its way into
the Baltimore papers that chad secured the asss-
tance of the Tiger Club of Federal HIP for the
purpose Of capturing the persons engaged in viola
ting the Oyster Law Of this State take this occa-
sion to give it most peremptory denial. Failing
to procure suitable vessel here for the above pur-
pose, | sent one Of our citizens to Baltimore to
charter a boat, and upon its arrival here 10 nv
great surprise, Joseph Edwards and some twenty
Others on board. After having made one trip,
| discharged, upon their return, some fifteen of the
number who left the city in the afternoon train of
cars. Edwards and four others permitted to
mar my reason for so doing was because they had
rendered ne prompt and efficient service. Had com
plant been made to me that these people were OBJ
noxous to our citizens, | should have prom, tly
discharged them. THoS. IRELAND,
Sheriff of Anne Arundel county.
Judge Taney had recurrence Of his occasional
illness on Friday night, under circumstances which
alarmed his friends and family. At his advanced
age every such attack is attended with serious ap-
prehensionS, though he has hitherto revived when
hope was almost abandoned. For many years past
his health has been infirm aud sometimes critical
Yet he has performed great labor, and has been a
regular attendant of the terms of the Supreme
Court. His powers of endurance and TeCuperatiOn
have excited surprise with casual observers, who
have only noticed his feeble and bent Frame indca-
ting anything but the resistance ITO disease which
he has exhibited Wash Cor. Phi. Gazette.
The subscription started in France to raise suf-
ficient to liqudate the debts of Lamartine, has
proved failure, it having only produced about