, 1859-04-28
39rtss NGrihuttc,
WHAT Is TT ALL ABOUT =
THU RSDAY, APRIL oS. 1850.

WHAT Is TT ALL ABOUT9
American readers VIII, have no special in
ducement to follow the ehangrs Of European
politics, have hut little idea Of what really is
the Italian Question Of which they see
much, aud which now threatens to break IN
the peace Of the world. We hare before us,
in the London Tmts, All important and lengthy
document, presented hy the government of
Sardinia to the Court Of st. James, in which
the Sandman view Of the question is lorciblv
and fairay set forth. We use its facts i'll our
own way, that those who look to this PAPER
Tor information about current events, may
know what this threatened war is intended to
accomplish, and what causes have imrclled the
potentates, who will appear in it as principal
combatants, to encounter the tremendous risks
which it brings in its train.
After the dissolution of the French Empire
and the downfall IF the Kingdom Of Italy,
which Napoleon lla,l established, Austria be
came by treaty the master OF the Lom1ardo-
Venetian States, lying between Austria proper
and Sardinia: and her domination over them
is admitted to bc legal But her aGrninistr:-
ton is universally hated hy the people over
whom her right to rule is conceded. = Her
beaureaucratic pedantry-tlle ycxatious con-
duct Of her poiice--1he overwhelming taxes
which she las estahlishcd-her system of re-
crult1nrllt, which is tlurc scycre than any 9th
er III Europe. and her riGors and her violence
even against women have exercised tie most
disastrous Effects The people are not Of the
same race witt thei rgorernors; they have with
them no community Of thought language or
hablts. The document from which VIC quote
says that 1T is only sufficient to 70 through
Lombardy and Tenetia to acquire the convic-
ton that the Austrians arc not established. bu:
simply encampcd, in those provinces. All
houses. from the humblest cottage to the most
sumptuous palace, arc closed against the agents
Of the Government In the public placcs the
theatres the eafts, and in the streets. there isa
complete line Of separation between them and
the native Inhabitants, and any one would say
that it was country invaded by an cncmy's
army, rendered tic more odious by its inso-
1ence and arrogance. This state Of things is
not a transitory fact produced hy exceptional
circumstances, and tue mprs or less distant end
TO which can be predicted: it Inns endured and
gone on aggravatins for the last half century.
aud il is certain that If the civilizing influence
Of Europe does not put stop to it the attitude
Of the people toward the Government will
grow worse and worse This hereditary all
tipathv between the governed and tho COVER
nors is Increased by the Austrian system of
ccntraliz4tion which takes away from the Lom-
bard* all cis,il functions and duties. except tax
payin. in the country Of their BIRTH. and Which
makes Vienna the seat Of all patronage Alld
power Tic scandalous concessions which tin,
bigo1cd Austrian Emperor las mafle to the 10
mauds Of the Church. and which were pub
whereby the cducat;.n Of the Young. tic man-
:gemenl Of all trials lor offences against reli-
gion and tie Church. tile control of I'LL se,nina
ries If learning and Of the public press. were
given over i"the Ron,ls!l priustS has increased
the Italian disconte'lt. and Sardinia believer nr
affects 10 believe that ,nisgoyernlnent IN those
States las reached the acme If i.lt:t,ny. and
that tic choice lies now l,ctwecu 4 bloody rey-
olution by which she will bc compromised. or
wise and necessary reforms which she ten
years ago put OH f,t, and las since bvyil carry
ing out.
But there are other causes: Sardinia alleges
that Austrian iut)unce in the Peninsula, wllicl,
is not confined to territory that she MAY ri ght.
fully govern, and which is dead weight upon
all refornatory measures aud tlr happiness Of
the people, is not exercised in acyordaucc viii,
the treaty stipulations hy witch she is bound.
Her Illegal acts haye nude the Ducl,ics Of
Parma stodv1la, and Tuscany ticFs Of the AUS
trlan empire. Her troops occupy their terri
tory at their pleasure She has mad. rll,vl,-
tin. where she l!ts til. right only 10 maintain
garrison, - vast fortified camp. whence sI,t.
can send her forces upon amy point of attack.
She has seized np,n I'LL the commanding posi-
tons which overlook ti> :;ardnian frontier
and from the mountains. Which should he 1!lr
rampart: Of that State the country is n,vnared
with assault.
These, with the abnormal and dangerous
relations which Anstra maintains with the
Papal States, and with the stupid tvrants who
have tramped out every spark Of Italian 1a-
t:onal li1c. are tile causes If :Sardiuia's conf
plain1--calscs enough for Il dozen wars If the
facts are honestly rrlatcsl. The ministers og
her liberal and cnlightcd monarch close their
appeal t. Great Britain Tins:
by summing them up. it appears that. lin our
opinion, tlc danger Of d WAT or revolution
would be warard dr. and tllr Italian question.
ut least temporarily, solved By the following
changes:
by obtaining from -tustria--unt in virtue If
treaties, but in tic na'nr Of the principles OF
humanity and nf eternal ju>tirc-a rational
and separate Government Tor L"mbarly and
Eenetia.
BY requiring, in conformity with the LITTER
md spirit Ut the Treaty Of Vienna, tl.a, tllc
domination If Austria over the States of Cen
tral Italy shon!d cease. and. consequently. that
the detached forts constructed outside The walls
Of placentIa shunld bc DESTROYED; that tic Cun.
yentlnn ri the .4fl! If December, 1~i., should
be nnnulcd that the ocrupatium Of the Ro,nag-
na should cca~c; and that the principle III non-
1ntersention should br proclaimed and re-
sperted.
by inviting the Dukes Of Modena and Par
mn to give tu their people institutions similar to
those exiting in Piedmont. and that the Grand
Duke ot Tuscany should 1e.c>tab1i>i the CON
ktituton I" which he had freely consented III
l54s.
by obtaining from, the Sovereign pun,ifl the
administrative separation nf thu provinces b..
F,I r.,