Sunbury American. [volume] (Sunbury, Pa.) 1848-1879, 1859-05-28
Biographical,
The Three Fighting Hen of Europe.


AS many Of our readers may desire to have
their memory refreshed, as respects the three
soveregns who have plunged Europe into
war, we shall rapidly sketch as much of their
pulic and personal history as will do this,
without causing weariness by over miuuteness
of detail
FRANCIS JOSEPH, EMPERoR or AUSTRIA.
Francis Joseph Charles, Emperor Of Aus
tra, was born August 18th, 1880. His uncle,
rerdinand l. abdicated in December 2, lS49,
aud this young gentleman asceuded the throne
as next heir. AS 10 too common in Europe,
the young Emperor commenced his reign by
issuing proclamation to his subjects, full Of
promises. Under his rule, Austria was to
have freedom aud constitutional govern
ment--the monarchy was to be reformed
the people wcre..to have equality Of govern
ment, on the basis Of trne liberty, and on the
basis OF their equal participation IN the re.
presentation and legislation. Scarcely was
his signature dry on this document, when he
closed the patobal representative assembly
met at X kremsier cancelled the ancient CON
stitution Of Hungary, substituting q new char
ter which, being d dead letter, was withdrawn
in eighteen months called on to the aid Of
the late Emperor of Russia to crush all vital
ily of Freedom in Hungary. and, under Ra
detsky, suppressed all attempts at liberty in
Lombardy aud Venice. Thus fulfilling the
memorable saying,
"ile made a solitude, and called it peace.n
the Emperor Of Austria showed bis real mind
by asserting for himself as much uutocratic
power Us the Gar has ever exercised. He
made his ministers accountable, not to the
law, but personally 10 himself. Some few
concessions he appeared to make to the mas
I,,t l.o IL,
aud IN Austria he has substituted his own
! personal command for the wholesome restric-
lions OF the law. lie has maintained an i'm
mense army, even in time Of the greatest
| peace, ut cost SO vast that tue national re-
sources have been greatly injured. Loan a!.
ter loan, each at runous rates, have kept
Austria in difficulties, and under great
weight Of taxation. His lat. ST financial mea.
sure, since the war of Sardinia commenced,
was to suspend the payment OF specie by the
| bank OF Austria aud TO create fictitious mo.
ney by the issue OF assignats. In 1854 he
returned the service done to him in the sup
preston Of the Hungarian rebellion by tax
ing part with France and England against
Russia. Ever since his accession TO the
Throne, he has treated his Italian subjects
with great tyranny. ln their discomfort, they
looked for aid to free Sardinia, and the ap.
peal, which has once more made France q
combatant on Italian soil, and will probably
drive tue Austrians out of Italy, has to be
decided now by fVrce Of arms. Francis Jo-
seph is said to be well informed bold, schem-
iug, and Inscriptions. lu April, 1854 he
was married to Bavsrian princess. In the
private relations OF life, his Conduct is said OIL.
ways TO have been highly moral and exem.
plary.
VICTOR EMMANUEL, KING OF SARDINIA.
Victor Emmanuel II was born March IA,
lS2O. His mother was an Austrian princess,
aud his father was the late King, Charles
Albert, Brought up under clerical instruc-
ton, Victor Emmanuel, then bearing the
tlte ol Duke OF Savoy, went largely into So
ciely bore commission in the army, aud was
well known as keen lover Of field SPORTS
In io42, he married the Archduchess Ade.
laide, OF Austria, since dead. When the
French Revolution of l946 caused political
eommotlon in Italy, the Pope actually taking
Inc ,sad as political regenerator, King
oharies Albert raised the banner of Pied.
mont and' lew days after the Austrians
weTe ItVen out oil Milan, proclaimed the war
ita'an independence. All through the
oanpaign which followed, Victor Emmanuel
splrltedly fought by his fathers side and
greatly distinguished himself, on March "a
ie49 10 the battle of Novarra, when the sar.
alnlan army was defeated. That very even.
ing Charles Albert abdicated, and Victo,
hmmsnuel became King of Sardinia-whicf
S.ngnom really includes not only the islsud
saluinia' out also Piedmont, Savoy, the Lo
meiilna, and Gsnos, all in ltaly. Cbarls,
after. e"''
: Lille was expected from Victor EmuAu
! el. tue pupil OF Jssuits, aud son and husbsn d,