Nebraska advertiser., 1859-05-26
THE ADVERTISER.
r. w. FURNAs. EDITOR.
THURsDAY MoRNINa, ~ %, is5l
European War,

letg Al tAe ] OF many OF our people
to know what it is all about. We do not
profess to be accurately posted in regard
to all European affairs, but we understand
the ostensible reasons for present diff
culties to be one thing, and the real reasons
to be another. We know not how to give
our readers the os;ensible reasons better
than by inserting the following extracts :
aAustria claims that she rightly owns and controls
Lombardy and Venice that She has a right TO con-
trol. them as she sees ft; that in order to DO this she
must maintain With the several neigbboring Italian
States such an influence as will render her Lombar-
rdO-Venitian sovereignty safe. Therefore, she keeps
up q partial military Occupancy Of the central Italian
States, and virtually rules in all Italy. Sardinia is
the only large Italian province which is IN exception.
There Austria has no power, and the policy of Sar-
dina, which Is favorable 70 the establishment Of
constitutional governments IN Italy, Is hostile to that
Of Austria, which tends to the mai Of the
~gtrictest military despOtism. Sardinia and France
Eympathising with her, on the contrary, claim that
the Austrian occupation Of Italy is injurious in its
effects on the Italian States, prevents the develop
ment Of that country, and is virtually in violation
Of the treaties and oOmpacts Of 1915. They demand
the a-bandOnmentOf the Austrian occupation Of Italy
and the Sandman frontier, and that Austria shall
cease 70 exercise any more control in Italian fairs
than the other Powers. These demands Austria
refuses 70 comply with, alleging that her policy in
Italy is necessary TO her own protection in her own
dependencies Of Venice and Lombardy. These mat
ters have beenin controversy for three years. France
and Sardinia proposed in 1856 the consideration Of
this subject by the Congress Of the European Powers.
Austria would not consent to this"
The following is an extract from an
account rendered the French Legislative
Corps by Count Walewski, Minister of
Foreign Affairs:
SThe State Of Italy, aggravated by the admins
trative measures adopted in the Lombardo Venetian
kingdom, determined the Austrian Government in
December last to make armaments, which soon pre-
sented a character menacing enough to awaken the
most serious uneasiness in Piedmont. The Emperor
NapoleOn's Government could not see those Difficult
ties arise without showing itself alive to the cOnse-
quenees which they might have for the peace of
Europe. Not having a right itself to interfere di-
Tectly and to propose the means Of preventing them,
il eagerly received O~vertures which were made to il.
Full Of confidence in the sentiments Of the Govern
ment Of her Britannia Majesty, as well as in the in
t~elligence Of its Ambassador in Paris, the Emperor's
Government sincerely approved Of the mission which
Lord CoWley went to fulfil at Vienna, as a first at
tempt TO bring about an arrangements; and it con-
graduated itself with a satisfaction not less real on
learning that the ideas exchanged between the Eng
lish Ambassador and tho Austrian Government were
Of q nature to furnish the elements for negotiation.
The proposition to assemble in Congress, presented
at the same time by Russia, responded most happily
20 that situation by calling on the Five Powers to
participate equallyin the discussion of a question of
European interest and the Emperor's Government
did not hesitate TO signify its adh9rance to that pro-
position. The English government, in adhering
thought it useful TO specify basis for the the even
.tual deliberations Of the Congress. These were as
fellows: g.
81. To determine on the means by which peace
might be maintained between Austria and Sardinia.
90. To decide how the evacuation Of the Roman
States by the French and Austrian armies might be
best carried into effect.
@3. To examine whether it would be advisable to
introduce reforms into the internal administration
Of those States and the other countries Of Italy, the
administration Of which presents defects evidently
tending to keep ups permanent state Of disturbance
and discomfort, and what those reforms should be.
~. To substitute for the existing treaties between
Austria and the Duchies a confederation of the
States OF Italy among themselves for their mutual
profession, both internal and external.
The Emperor's Government a~cquiesced unreserved-
~ in those basisO of negotiation with the same readi-
ness that il had shown in accepting the proposition
for a Congress. The Austrian Government, on its
side, had given its assent to the meeting Of a Con-
gress, accompanying it with some observations,
but without laying down any absolute and formal
conditions, and there was every reason to hope that
the negotiations might be opened within a short de-
lay. Inc Canlnet OF vienna n0Q spoken OF the pre-
liminsry disarmament Of Sardinia as an indespensa-
Bile measure for securing the deliberations from being
disturbed, but il afterwards made itan absolute con-
dition Of its participation in the Congress. This
demand having raised unanimous objections, the
Cabinet Of Vienna substituted for it the propO-
sition for q general and immediate disarmament,
adding it as a fifth point to the basis of the negetia-
.tiOns."
Diplomatic negotiations thus failing,
France and Austria propose to settle the
matter by aresort to arms; and the result
cannot fail to be a general engagement
of all the European powers.
BY these summons Austria threatened
that if within three days, Sardinia did
not announce her willingness to disarm,
she would consider it a caSus 6eIi, and re-
sort TO arms to compel her to submit. OF
course, Sardinia did not comply with the
demand, and the Austrians crossing the
Ticino, invaded her Territory. AS soon
as the news reached France, the French
troops FASTENED to enter Piedmont both
by land and sea, and shortly we will Proba-
bly, hear that a bloody encounter has taken
place between the soldiers of Austria on
the one side, and those of Sardinia and
France on the other.
Thisis the apparent cause of the present
war. Evidently Austria is in the wrong,
and France and Sardinia, In resisting the
Entertainments of despotic Austria, and
~endeavOring to hberate the Italians from
the expressions which for long years have
crushed them, have the sympathies of all
true friends of liberty and independence.
But, we doubt very much, however just
their cause may be, that the French En-.
peror and king Of Sardinia would have
drawn the sword, if other, secret and
more powerful motives had not prompted
them to do so.
The aim Of Victor Emmanuel is &c
wrench from Austria all the northern
States Of Italy, and form Of them and
Sardinia a United Kingdom of which h,
viii be the head!
By the recent marriage of a cousin OF