The daily exchange. [volume] (Baltimore, Md.) 1858-1861, 1859-03-08

The average cost has been S35 600 per mile and
consequently, about thirty-eight millions of dollars
per annum has been expended in the construction,
or sufficient to employ, at the average ofwages,
hundred thousand able-bodied men. This expendi-
ture has had double effect in the improvement of
the country.
l. In the expenditure of such an immense
amount Of money, and the employment of SO many
men.
2. And by furnishing facilities to carry off the
produce of the country
The last effect one can sufficiently estimate 1t
has reduced, by one half, the cost of transporta-
tion and given positive value in market to every
bushel of grain, on the remotest farm. The effect
of this is seen in the increased value of improved
farms, in the producing States. Take the State of
Ohio for example.
The valuation of property in Ohio stands thus at
different periods:
In 1852 $507 ,5s1 ,911
In 1890. $50, 100000
lncrease... OBSERVATION-DISCLOSURES. 1853, 600 900
That is annual increase of $5S, 200, 900 per
annum.
The expenditures on railroads has been $40, 000,-
900 per annum; that the improved value of State
property has been six times greater than the whole
amount expended on railroads.
The increased value of property in the North
western States, in the last six years. has been about
one thousand millions; while the expenditures ON
| railroads in that time has been two hundred mil
lions.
Whatever effect on that increase of property has
been produced by railroads, it is certain that the
Northwestern States could afford to give the entire
cost of all their roads; and yet, have left eight
hundred millions of increased value.
Such a result, we undertake to say has not been
produced by any species of social machinery in the
same time, since the world begun.
INTERESTING TO TOBACCO CHEwERs.-Tbe Rich
mond Wing announces that free white girls
now employed in the Virginia factories to put up
Tobacco:
"Haying been accustomed, from childhood,
to see the manipulation of tobacco performed ex
cusively by filthy, greasy 'nggers,' the sight pre-
sented, when we entered the work-room, was de-
cidedly novel and interesting. The operations
seemed all at once, to be invested with dignity, if
we may speak, which they had not hitherto pos
sessed, and the thought obtruded itself that consul
mers of the weed would turn their guilds with ad-
ditona zest if they conscious of the fact that
the plugs had passed through the hands of comely
madens, instead of through the sweaty paws of
some limp of darkness
awe must regard with favor the introduction of
white female labor into the tobacco factories of our
city. Its gradual substitution for negro labor is
considered by many observers to be inevitable, and,
if SO, the process may well be commenced now
as at any other time. Slaves wanted on the
plantations to perform the manual labor required
in agricultural operations. They stand expo
sure better than the white man. and the rays of the
mid summers sun do not hurt them. If tits more
profitable to employ them in the field than the fac
tory they will assuredly find their way to the for
mer, and thus their places must necessarily be filled
by whites" A s