The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1859-06-23

rent from the hardness which he manifests in his
military preparations. Our correspondent states
that as yet there are no signs of the Russian
army of observation being under way, aud be
belief is general that it will be unnecessary to
advance it to the Austrian frontier. Nothing
can more clearly show the limited scope which
is intended to be given to the war than this fact.
or the reasonable character of the under
,tanding which exists between France ani
Ruseia.
The Strategy Of Louis Napoleon In the italian
Campaign.
The progress of the campaign in Italy up to
this point demonstrates that the strstegical move
ments designed by Louis Napoleon have been
sipgularly successful, and that all the brilliant
plans with which the Austrians opened their
action on the Ticino have been frustrated by a
combination of circumstances which have result
cd most favorably for the Allies.
The first battle, which was fought at Monte
bello, it will be remembered, was undertaken by
Gyulai for the avowed purpose of making re
connoissance with a view to discover where the
Allies were located, and the Austrian General
claimed in his official dispatches that he had
been successful in attaining that object, although
he clearly suffered considerably in the action.
The next move of Louis Napoleon was to push
on bis army across the Pc and take up position
at yercelli, in the immediate vicinity of which
namely, at Palestro-the Austrians made their
celebrated assault, thrice repeated and as many
times repulsed. In this action the Austrians
found only Sandman troops and small support
of 1ouaves opposed to them-a fact which doubt
less convinced them that the French army were
still in their former positions, occupying Alessau
dria Casteggio, Voghera and Montebello. The
French Emperor has been accused in some quar-
ters of designedly exposing the Sardinians to
danger at Palestro; but it is evident now that
by withholding his own troops from that contest
be was executing feint to deceive the enemy as
to the real position of the French.
Taking advantage of this strategical success.
he pushed bis forces across the Ticino at Buffa
lora and TuIbigo into Lombardy, thus taking
the Austrians in a measure by surprise. We
know the result of that movement-the
hard fought contest at Turbigo; the advance
on Magenta by narrow road, where the Empe
ror in person resisted the opposition of 10000
Austrians, at the head of the Imperial Guard
and a body of Zouaves, numbering in all not
more at any time than 10000 men; his anxiety
for the arrival of Generals Mcmahon and Neil
with their brigades, to sustain him; the oppor-
tune appearance of Mcmahon; his brilliant out.
thanking of the enemy and rapid movement on
Magenta, and the action there which eventuated
in the defeat of the Austrians; the capture of
Milan, and the retreat of the enemy towards
the AIDA, leaving Pavia and Piacenza unsup
ported. Following up this advantage, Louis
Napoleon despatched Marshal paraguay dill
Tiers to Melegnano, village near Lodi, where
some 10000 Austrians were isolated, and after
desperate contest of nine hours they were
driven out.
All these movements, rapid and unforeseen by
the enemy, prove that the strategcal plans of
Louis Napoleon were well designed, and as sue
cessfully executed. His military operations
upon the field of battle seem to have been as
fortunately arranged as his diplomacy in forcing
Austria into the war while he cunningly con-
tIived to place upon her shoulders the onus of
breaking the peace Of Europe.
Now that Baron Hess, who enjoys the reputa-
ton of the best strategist in the Austrian service
has taken command of the army, we may look
for some desperate conflicts very soon. 1t is not
improbable that in the next great battle we shall
see the three crowned heads Of France, Sardinia
and Austria personally engaged for Francis
Joseph must be by this time at the scene Of
action. That contest will doubtless be fought on
the AIDA, and we may receive accounts of it
now almost by any steamer which arrives.
A remarkable feature ia this campaign is the
part which the telegraph and the railroad have
been made to play, a striking instance of
which was observable at the battle of Monte
bello, where battalion after battalion Of the
French were brought up in the trains from
Alessandria, formed and marched into position
on the battle field, to the establishment of the
Austrians who witnessed their arrival from the
heights of Monticello. Here the steam whistle
of the locomotive superseded the bugle' blast
which summoned the squadrons into columns
Imperfect as the railroad and telegraph systems
are in Piedmont, they have wrought wonderful
revolution in the science of war in this cam
paign, where the railroad cars bring detachments
of troops directly upon their required position in
action, and the telegraph wires act the part Of
aidsde-camp in conveying orders from point to
point throughout the field. Through their agen-
cy movements have been executed and results
achieved in lew hours which it would require