davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
St. Cloud Democrat. [volume] (Saint Cloud, Stearns County, Minn.) 1858-1866, 1859-10-13

eio,s appropriat ions FOR Rivers and Harbors
s.. we are resolved Il to d ain lain the purity
of the ballot-bo1 as the pallad iun of} our
libertles. 10 thls end We VIII resist fpy every
legitimate means 10 our power me frauds
which, at IS 81 u of the corrup
dynasty now entrenched IN the stolen places
Of power m this to5 for
thsars ss as Their posed
frauds, Ts hold hem .llo to tlle ST
al spatri otlsn as ohspirat 8 against Aberty
III the relation Of itss sacred the
ballot-b
Il lied HUI, That ~ ondcnr iii ,1rlInea
preselat sd CORFU ST AZ and d nroa ipate National
Ad,nin ..sl. Ia Ds,nosraIis issue 81
shin plasters its Won il the awardment
Of public contra srocliyity to create .
mountain Of public debt its punic faith in
the affairs Of i kansas its repudi ation Of
homes forSthe homeless ''-T-i d duplicity on
tho Pacific II illroa its gross viola lions of
the purity of lhsS iballo 30 Its wartly
ahand onment 81 The doctrine 81 protect on 10
atopted .ltlanse with d!sunlonlsts
y
= y
" sis
~ y
rsnaers g cancer upon
.ne and WIlcn "a vote oI
y ala - fel ln
Resolued second, ss That D the present State;
organization ii one based upon frauds, and is.
therefore bogus that thu Governor. and Aud
itor Of STATE, III receiviine stocks as . basis Of
Bank Circulation Without narketabls value,
have violated the plain letter the law, for
etfeited public confd enee, and contriib utsd
largely 60 our peclniary enbara
St. Cloud Democrat. [volume] (Saint Cloud, Stearns County, Minn.) 1858-1866, 1859-10-13
VIM, s.. M ORE,
A1ToalEI I'M & ,uNs re Or n INV
sAUK RAPIDS, Min.

REAL = ST AT 4; IA GENCY
So {. C 10 q D, 4 N IN n rs s32sS
fsHR undersig ned offer their services to loaI,
II money upon, best real estate secnrit and
- purchase and sell propert her real 81
personal, for reasonable comm non. ses
They have now for sale, At low prices
4;ss4S 20 auarter sections Of good land. Ssss,
SO lots, (some improved u in ST. Clou. q
- s. il Nining ger ado ifion Is st. Paul.
40 rs ~ Nining ger aity
10 8 g g rs ID. Mound city, Illinois. e*5
LLER s sSWISsHELM
e4s rs Cloud. May Is, i 1858. 8
St. Cloud Democrat. [volume] (Saint Cloud, Stearns County, Minn.) 1858-1866, 1859-10-13
REP Bl:'Ll['1'o| nc
AporTlD 81 mn il utnLIcA IN STATE 3cO,NyEs-
rios,,
IuLY 2lsr, 859. u S

q Relying upon The int igence. patriot ian,
and discri Justice of the q American
people, NE the Delega ties Hof the Repub lioan
party lii State Convsn ton asembles, B submit
% the enlightened Judgement Of The peopleSo DC
Minnssota, theft lowing emph hattie deslefation.
Of principles and resolu lions III
e We maintain the Union Or the States; the
rights of the 3,tates, md the liberties 81 the
people. III
2. Regarding sllave Nv III s areat moral and;
political evil, 4 Wesopposesi its extension beyond
the States In HIGH 81 already exist the re-
opening Of tie Af frican Slave Trade q Slave,
Code for ana while We disclaiimn
al interference with slavery where it already
exists Ill tho States, NE demand tho entire and
unconditional soff. the National Govern
meils from any il This Sc relic of
barba n. ss$ N
s. n q prescribe ns man 81 account of his
religi or place ofE NAT !; We oppose any
ization now secured by law TO emigrants and
lied citizens, whether By amendment ii of d
STATED onss tuition. as ID Massachusetts, 81 by
Legislative Or Congr pssional action; and we
resist with Indignation, Sas our hers Aitl in
1915, the monstronss doctrine Of the imprsssneA1
of American citiz ems by foreign despotisni-
ehltoess rny proc laime 1dybe present Adminb
astration. sS
q We are IN favor sc granting the public
aonssin limited titles L 10 he the free
comes Of freernens q lands for the landl less
for the I, ana Wa hold
the present Adininis ton TO . strict account.
ability for the defeat of The Homestead Bill ID
the last Congress: N
&E S. We condemn the doctrine, OF the bred
Scott decision as anti Gonstitu tIonal anti
Republican, Incompatible with State Rights,
and as destructive Of personal secnrity ss5
III e. We are In favor Of imlned late and efficient
National lid TO = Pacific II ailroad by the lost
practicable route. IL
We hold that Congress on ght TO protect
the lives and property Of orr citizens BY judi
eious appropriat ions for Rivers and Harbors
s.. We are resolved to maintain the purity
Eof the ballot box, as the palladium Of our
liberties. To this end we viii resist BY every
legitimate means IN our Cover the frauds
which, it is Is tucr dateerpep Jose Of the corrup
dynasty now entrenched in the, stolen places
Of power in this State sffor
thsir past inil ss reh. as their posed
frauds. vs ia hem 70 Tie baton 81
Ill patri otisrn IS conspirat Is against 1iberty
The penny press. [volume] (Cincinnati [Ohio]) 1859-1860, 1859-12-09

tlments of those he represented, he but ex-
pressed his deliberate conviction whom he said
that the success Of purely sectional party
would virtually be dissolution Of tho Union.
If the Republican party could be defeated, the
Union could be preservedj but II such party
was to succeed, the sooner the Union Is dis
solved, the better. The South was on the de-
fensive. If they could not get their rights In
the Union, and under the Constitution, they
were prepared to have their rights out of IL.
Mr.. Corwin, Of Ohio, suggested that the
House take tho case reverted TO In the House
whdA the New Jersey contested election case
prevented prompt organization. On that
occasion the venerable John Adams was
elected as Chairman until Speaker was
elected. 1t had been his fortune TO witness
here every one Of the crises to which reference
had been made in debate. He was here dur
ing the notification times and in 1850. If
the gentlemen could now summon TO their aid
the calm and wise course which animated
gentlemen In those times, all unpleasant feel
ing would be removed. (Applause.) He had
heard with infinite pain the repeated threats
that if the Republican party was successful at
the Presidential election, the South would be
willing TO encounter the fatal consequences Of
dissolution Of the Union.
The political discussion continued, Messrs.
Stanton, Cox, Sherman and others partici-
pating.
The House finally adjourned without action.
The penny press. [volume] (Cincinnati [Ohio]) 1859-1860, 1859-12-09
Cuba and. Congress.

Since Florida was acquired by the United
States, the word "Cuba" has been on tho slate
of the Cabinet at Washington. In 1S4S Pres.
ident Polk authorized the American Minister
at Madrid to offer one hundred millions of
dollars for Cuba; Spain spurned the offer.
Since that time portion of the people have
had in view It's annexation 10 the United
States by purchase or by 6llibustering. En-.
terprises Of the latter kind have signalIy
failed. In August 1854, Messrs. BUCHANAN,
MASON, and SoULE, U. s. Ministers at London,
Paris, and Madrid, held conference on the
subject Of Cuba, at OStend and Aix-la- Chapelle,
and drew up a statement of their conclusion,
popularity known as the Ostsnd Manifesto.
In this document they argued that the
Island ought to belong to the United States,
and that spsin would find It's sale to be highly
advantageous; and finally, that in certain con-
tngeucies, such as the emancipation of the
slaves by the Spanish Government, tho United
States ought to possess themselves Of .hs
island by force A proposition was strongly
urged in the United States Senate at the last
session, to place thirty millions Of dollars in
hands Of the President, with q view to the
acquisition Of the Island; but after debate IL
vas withdrawn by the author Hon. Mr.. Sill /.
DELL, of Louisiana. Yesterday Mr.. SLIDELL
gave notice Of his intention 70 introduce bill
making appropriations 10 facilitate negota-
lions for acquiring Cuba. The word "Cuba"
is again on the slate of Congress. .4
The penny press. [volume] (Cincinnati [Ohio]) 1859-1860, 1859-12-09
The Snow Season.

Quite noteworthy is the advent Of the
sleighing season. This is spiritedIy i'm
proved. There is general joy among fast
people in sleighs or on sleds. How beautiful
the garniture of the outer vorldI "The Lord
giveth snow like WOOL"
The snow ia as warm as wool; 1t keeps the
surface Of the earth warm, and protects veg
citation to considerable extent from the cold.
While Young America Is wild with delight,
coursing down the steep graded streets these
bright moonlight nights, the farmer rejoces
that the snow will prove fertilizer To his
ground.
The philosophy Of this phenomenon is, that
the air ia confined in the crystals Of snow, and
as air is bad conductor, the heat of the earth
is not thrown of by radiation on account Of
the snow-mantls wrapped closely on its bosom.
But the noteworthy display that all nature
made yesterday morning was the theme Of all
observers. About one o'clock of the morning
the air clear and cold--a great frost cloud,
a bank of frozen fog, swept along depositing
lie crystals over tree and shrub, hanging gilt
tering pendants on every limb, which on the
appearance of the sun were brilliant with
sparkling prisms. These crystals reflect all
tho colOrs of the rays of light from different
points; it is when these rays unite before they
meet the eye that causes snow to appear
white. In tho Arctic regions often the crys-
tails Of snow are rcd or green, those singular
hues being occasioned by little microscopic
plants which gsrminate and live in the snow.
The approach Of the holidays admonishes us
all to warm the hearts Of our friends with the
slsdness Of glad face, and the benefcence of
a full hand.
The penny press. [volume] (Cincinnati [Ohio]) 1859-1860, 1859-12-09
River News.

PIrTssuRG, December s-M.--River seven
teen feet by the pier-mark, and falling.
Weather clear. Mercury twenty degrees. II
was down to zero this morning.
PIrrsBuRG, December S-P. M.-River six-
teen feet by the pier-mark, and falling.
Weather clear and cold.
LOUISVILLE, December 7--P. M.-River
rising, with thirteen feet in the canal and ten
feet on the falls.
ST.. LOUIS, December S-P. M.-The river
continues to recede about q foot in twenty -four
hours and the ice grows harder and heavier,
and increases in quantity. The weather has
moderated great deal to-day and the mer-
curry now stands above freezing point, with
fair indications of speedy breaking up Of
the cold weather and the resumption Of
navigation in the upper streams.
The penny press. [volume] (Cincinnati [Ohio]) 1859-1860, 1859-12-09
The News, Home and Foreign.

FoRIIas.-The arrival of the steamship
Persia brings foreign adviees three days
later. Austria grants full AMNESTY tc
all compromised in Italian affairs, and, It ID
stated, has arrested the progress Of the Peace
Congress. The rumor Of the death Of Nena
6shib Is not confirmed.
CONGRESSIONAL - TEE SENATE. -- Southern
Senators have got Trumbull, Of ILL.,, on the
Harper's Ferry Bridge, and are sticking
Browns pixies at him. He fights with
Browns bravery. Slidell brings Cuba again
before Congress. johnson, Of Tenn, presents
the Homestead BILL After discussing Sena-
tor Mason's resolution to q late hour last
evening, the Senate adjourned until Monday.
TIE HousE.-This body opens with prayer,
quarels all day, and adjourns after doing
nothing but talk. There are numerous speak
ers, but no vote was taken yesterday for the
Speaker. "Helper's" anti-slsvery book is
advertised at Uncle Sans expense by volu-
bic Congressman. One Honorable declares
that "seward is traitor and deserves the
gallows." Another declares that the carpers
are expurgators and book ccnsors. Corwin,
Sherman, Morris and others spoke yesterday,
whom without action on Clarke'S resolution,
the House adjourned. A street railroad is
proposed on Pennsylvania-avenue, Wash
ington.
TIE RIVER Sixteen feet at Pitt,burg, and
falling; ten feet on the Falls at Louisville.
RAILRoAD.-An Ohio Court has appointed
j. X. Edgsrton, Of Pittsburg, Receiver Of Pitts
burg, Fl. Wayne aud Chicago Railroad; and,
on application of domestic bond holders, q
Pennsylvania Court has issued writ Of Sc
qusstration to place the road temporarily in
other hands.
NATIONAL DEMOCRATIC CoNvENTION.-
National Committee has agreed on call Of
National Democratic Convention at Charles
ton, S. c., on Monday, 23d of April. The
Committee of Arrangement for printing and
publishing documents, &C., consists Of G. L..
vallandigham, Of o.; c. J. Faulkner, of Va.i
John Cochran, Of N. Y; VIM. Barksdale, of
Miss; Miles Taylor, Oh La, anu WIN. e.
English, of Ind.
South Carolina was represented, but We
observe that the Charleston Mercury gives the
cold shoulder to the Convention. The follow
ing is portion Of an editorial In that paper
on the 18th inst:
"If we could SEQ that this National Demo
cratic Convention would aid tho South in the
vindicstion of her rights, we would frankly
support it, but its tendency will lean to di-
rectly contrary result. The people of the
South, in the vital matter of making their
chief magistrate, will surrender all their power
to majority in the Convention from the
North.
"It is impossibls,it seems to us,to evoke any
principle of policy or duty which can justify
the South in going into any Conve ntion with
such associates.
at is impossible for the Democrats of the
North and South to unite in Convention for
the nomin alton Of q President and Vics-Pres-
ident. The Democrat party exists in purity
and power only in the Southern States, and
if it goes into Convention, will be under the
control of the Northern States. The Charleston
Convention ought to be Convention Of the
Southern States, or should not assemble
at ALL"
The penny press. [volume] (Cincinnati [Ohio]) 1859-1860, 1859-12-09
r., TT. w. g. &. n. R.-Receiyer An
pointed.

CLEVELAND, December S.--J. X. Edgerton,
Of Pittsburg, was to-day appointed Receiver
Of the Pittsburg, Fort Wayne& Chicago Rail
road.
PIrrsBURe, December S-To.dsy the Dis
trict Court on application Of domestic credit
ors, appointed sequestrator for the Pittsburg,
Fort Wayne K Chicago Railroad. This action
was induced by the appointment of Receiver
in Ohio by the u. s. District Court upon ap-
plication Of certain bond holders. 0's
The penny press. [volume] (Cincinnati [Ohio]) 1859-1860, 1859-12-09
.KENNEDY,s MEDICAL n
ITHAs BRENDIsCOvERE

@H 1THAS BEEN DISCOVERED
WR AT LAST.-The article that cures almost
without fail every species Of eruptions Of the face
hands, other parts Of the body Is your face dis.
figured with pimpes or an irritating eruption Of any
kind; have you contracted that most troublesome
disease, Darbefs ITCH are you troubled with letter
on the hands, or elsewhere; have you any annoying,
irritating, itching, innamea eruption Of any kind;
60 at once and obtain pamphlet describing the
effects Of Palmer'S Lotion, and giving an amount Of
evidence In its favor, that will put to rest all doubts
Of Its efficacy In the cure OF all kinds of cutaneous
diseases. After becoming satisfied that the Lotion
l, no humbus, procure bottle aud use IL, and you
will be satisfied that the half has not been said In it's
favor that might be. .. 5u.
Price 20 cents, orsIx bottles for 25O a
4lfl S0LON PALMER, Agent.
no3O No. 36 West Fourth street.
The penny press. [volume] (Cincinnati [Ohio]) 1859-1860, 1859-12-09

lS Who would not send friend Pic
ture when they can be had for ten cents eaoh at oS
West Fourth street.
The penny press. [volume] (Cincinnati [Ohio]) 1859-1860, 1859-12-09

GI- DoN'T DELAY!-The most artistic, sat-
islactory and durable Likeness now made is the
Diaphanotype, taken only at Carpenters Gallery
No. 20 Fifth-street, between Main and Walnut.
The penny press. [volume] (Cincinnati [Ohio]) 1859-1860, 1859-12-09
Murder.

IspIANAPoLIs, December g. Margaret
Quinn, an Irishwoman, was brutally Inur-
dered by her husband, Patrick Quinn, in this
city yesterday morning. Quinn has been ar
rested.
The penny press. [volume] (Cincinnati [Ohio]) 1859-1860, 1859-12-09

&TFor Christmas Presents 60 to Albert
Rosss, southwest corner of Eighth street and West
ern row.
The penny press. [volume] (Cincinnati [Ohio]) 1859-1860, 1859-12-09
Fire at DAYTON.

DAYTON, December S.-The residence of
Hon. T. j. S. Smith, on First. street, was de-
stroyed by FIRE about 4 o'clock this morning.
The furniture was mostly saved, but greatly
damaged. There was no insurance upon the
premises
The penny press. [volume] (Cincinnati [Ohio]) 1859-1860, 1859-12-09
Arrival of the Anglo-saxon,

PORTLAND, December s.--The steamship
Anglo Saxon, from Liverpool on the 23d ult.,
arrived here this morning. Her advices have
been anticipated.
The penny press. [volume] (Cincinnati [Ohio]) 1859-1860, 1859-12-09

1sr Daguerrean Gallery, southwest cor
uer of Sixth and Western.row, over Hannaford's
drugstore. Pictures taken and ut In good cases
for twenty cents. Warranted to please.
The penny press. [volume] (Cincinnati [Ohio]) 1859-1860, 1859-12-09
From Portland.

PORTLAND, December S.--No steamer will
sail from this port for Liverpool on Saturday
next. s.n Ai aHg4. ~ aliu Bf ..t its d
The penny press. [volume] (Cincinnati [Ohio]) 1859-1860, 1859-12-09
MARRIED..
SULLIYAN-LAMAH.-0n Wednesday, the 7th
inst by the Rev D. L. Yourtee, Septimus Sullivan,
of this city, and Mrs. Ellen Laman Of Columbus, o.
MARRIED,
DIED..

DIED.
MORTON.-0n Thursday, DECEMBER 9; at 4 A. NJ,
OF scarlet fever James Parker Morton youngest
of Mary Agnes and the late VIM. r. Morton, aged
one year, six months and six days.
The funeral will take place from his grandmoth.
the 9th, at l P. M. Friends of the family are In.
vited to attend without further notice.
PILL1NG.-0n Wednesday morning, the 7th inst,
at 9x O'Clock, Mrs. Mary Pllihg, in the forty .afth
year Of her age.
The funeral services will take place this morning
at o'clock, from the residence OF her brother, Mr.
O. d. Robinson, No. 237 John street.
NELSON.-On Wednesday, Dec. y MIR. Sacker
Nelson, in the ninetieth year Of his age.
GUILD Suddenly, on the morning of the 7th
inst, Mr.. NJ. N. Guild, in the forty seventh year
of his age.
Funeral from the vipe.street Congregational
Church, on Saturday morning next at 10 o'clock.
The penny press. [volume] (Cincinnati [Ohio]) 1859-1860, 1859-12-09

Ng- USE HowE's Cough CANDY--For sale
py John D. Park, corner Of Fourth and Walnut.
The penny press. [volume] (Cincinnati [Ohio]) 1859-1860, 1859-12-09
HOME INTEREST.

~ A. A. Eyster, Clocks, Watches and
Jewe1ry. nos. al and I'll Western-row.
The penny press. [volume] (Cincinnati [Ohio]) 1859-1860, 1859-12-09

animation. His friend, Mr.. Sherman, had
stood nobly firm for the rights of the people
against the Government, standing up for law,
order, concord and peace, and for this the gem
tleman should have his vote as long as there
was any probability of bis election. He knew
tho gentleman was friend Of the protection
Of domestic industry, and would 80 organize
the committees and would secure the fair con.
sideration Of that question. He knew Mr..
Sherman to be a man Of just temper and mind,
and incapable Of perverting the rules into an
instrument Of despotism.
An objection had been urged that Mr.. Sher-
man had signed recommendation for the
circulation Of Helpers book. He (M orris) did
not sign it nor had he read the book. SO far
as he understood it, ii was written by a native
Of Southern State, almost exclusively ad-
dressed to Southern men, and showing the OK
perience Of Southern men as to the value of
slave labor.
Gentlemen msgniied tho book and made il
formidable engine of mischief TO the peace
Of this country. Had not his friends declared
that he was against that book so far 90 II con-
templated an infringement of the Constitutional
rights Of the South? What had the House to
do with Helpers book? Were they, as a
college Of Jesuits, to expunge the literature Of
tho book and were they TO act as censors Of
every incendiary work? Itwss most extra
ordinary proceeding.
Mr.. Moore, of Ala, knew there were men
In the North as true to the Constitution as
those Of the South, and whom II was said there
was in the North no sympathy for John
Brown, 1t was libel. The papers Of the
North were full Of demonstrations Of sympa-
thy, and some were in mourning for Brown.
Mr.. Greeley, editor Of q prominent organ Of
the Republican party, said, in his paper, that
In future time Browns name will be held in
| glory and honor. So far % he know tho SEN
Daily national Democrat., 1859-12-28
Agricultural and Mechanical Univer-
sity of California.
Located at Hedlds5urg, Sonoma Co1tnfv is
Noo Open for tie Reception of Students.

A SYSTEM OF Manual Labor has been adonted
IA for the purpose Of impartinR practical as Will
as theoretical instruction in the various brane hos
Agriculture and Mechanics. To provide practical in
srucuon, farm and variou mechanical shons sra
connected with the University, where pupiis viii he
furnished with employment portion of the time The
school will consist Of three departments-P Primary.
Academic and University The various branehss
taught In otner schools and colleges will be tauobt
here and taught In a thoroughly practical mapnsr
IL IS designed TO give pupils education that tbe
will not only possess, but be able to use ny
Ample provision has been made for boarding nunils
male and female at the low price of FOUR DOLLARS
per week making the whole expense Of Board and Tn
Iuon, IN the Academic department. only FIVE DOL.
LARS per week.
The University is under the manage ent off Board
OF eight, VIZ w NJ. Macy, President: @. e. Hutton
secretAryi X; NJ. Deneen, Corresponding Secretary:
Messrs. r. Matheson, T. o. Thompson j. d. Hnssei,'
J. A. Burlingame and J. w. Bagley Parents Who an
uust their children TO our may be assured that
they will be under the constant superyjsion Of tbe
Faculty, and while everything of a Sectarian e arac
ter viii be carefully avoided, the moral and relons
emotions OF students will be constantly stitnnlated
Besides the Faculty, the following scientific ma l,
erary gentlemen have been engaged TO Lecture for he
benefit Of Classes: Hon. J. s. Ormshv Rev Janoss
Woods, Rev. DR.. Bonham, Rev. James Piernont Tar
=. p. Henderson, g. W. Granniss, ESQ., L. A. Norton
Esq, DR.. j. J. Piper. 0'''N
For further information we refer TO tho following
gentlemen OF Marysve, who have consented 10 aef
as references John c. Fall, DR.. d. w. O. Rice and
John X. Ridge.
By order of the Board Of Directors:
WM. M MACY, President
CHAs. e. HurToS, Secretary. nov24-sn,
Daily national Democrat., 1859-12-28
HOTEL AND RESTAURANT
DU NORD,
High Street, Marysville.

FIRE PROOF BUILDING.
EaNHIS HOUSE is situated in the center Of the
h business portion of the city, and IS furnished
with all the requisites TO make IL first class hotel II
is kept open all night and residents of the city
strangers from the country will be furnished with
meals to order at any hour of the day uight. An
stantly on hand
The lodging department is well arranged. The
rooms are conmodous aud comfortable, and Il large
number Of them are furnished with Spring Beds.
BOAru. per week -.
With lodging, according to room. .$l0-Sl2-Sl4.
Single meals. e. ...................50 50 and 70 cts.
With one-half bottle caret.. rs cts. and 81.
Lodging per night 80, 70, 81 and 81 80.
B. RICAUD,
j. SAJOUS,
oc11-my Proprietors.
Daily national Democrat., 1859-12-28
ST. NICHOLAS HOTEL,
MARYS WILLIE.

"AyING recently purchased and thoroughly reno
vated the above wel-known House, 1t will here
after be conducted in style second to none. Give
us a call. ,o,-o,- co
decl3-y hlOhoh w.
Daily national Democrat., 1859-12-28
To the People of California.

DR.. Emilius A. Czapkay in asking the confidence
and patronage of the people of California a Sur
geon Occust aud Aurist feels a satisfaction in being
able to lay before them certificates Of merit from the
highest sources. His extensive experience during the
Crimean war, and subsequently in the hospitals Of
Paris, will he trusts be made available for the aict-
ed OF this his adopted country. Underwriting atten-
tion TO business, and a cordial desire to win and
tain the respect and confidence of the public will be
prominent features in his practice. With these assu-
RANGES, he has the honor TO remain the pubiics hum
BILE servant, EMILIUS A. CZAPKAY, NJ D.,
Late Chief Surgeon of the Sd Regt Infantry British
Army, during the Crimean war, and Practicing
Surgeon in the Hospitals of Paris.