The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1859-07-29


Italian future. Bul Count Cavaur appears to have
coniured in his own brain something different from
what is proposed, and he accordingly leaves to
others the task Of conducting the government OF
bitants ard the most fertile plains of Italy to his
masters empire, and with q military reputation
which Piedmont never before attained.
This decision of the late Prime Minister Of Sardl-
before the treaty Of peace was signed Italy had
made most unique stionable o. ces in the cause OF
civil and religious freedol The ecclesiastical
liberation long sanctio ed to Sardinia had just been
extended to Lombardy Throughout that province
great innovation was made in the terms Of the
concordat concluded between Austria and the Pa
pacy, which had nowhere been more vigorously en-
forced than in the Lambardo-venetian Kingdom.
The concordat, indeed, was simply suppressed and
set aside; and full swing was at once given to
Piedmontesc principles of government Events
throughout the war have certainly. fol-
lowed each other apace; but though we
have grown accustomed to quick sue
cession Of marvcls, this triumph of social liberty
was surely sufficient for the hour. More than all.
il served as guarantee that the honorary Presidency Of
Italy By he Pope pas merely nominal; and tha The
Wbraiy Of pontifcal principles 'could not be suffer
ed to assert Itself IN the dominions Of the hang Of
Piedmont. Then the Pope is himself charged to
reform his administration; and, 80 far from the
Vatican ruling in Northern Italy, the Vatican bids
fair to undergo change on the Tiber Let it be
supposed that NJ. Cavour questions the efficiency OF
any such representations to the Papal govern
ment Well, would it not have been more dis,
Interference with the Papal government
would certainly be marked by this difficulty
that, ifit were supported by force OF arms, there
would be a renewed joint military invasion OF the
States OF the Church. 1h,S course shaHes US as
sinq,ld,'ly Objectionable. Now. If, on the other
hand the troops of all foreign Powers are with
drawn, the Papal government will be left to the I'M
aided defence of its merceuaries, and popular
y Ia ar. ,.c. ,1,.t
i desired.
What we ought to bear in mind is that the Italy
which we have had right to expect from Napoleon
ILL., is not just such an Italy as NJ. Cavour may long
TO see established whatever that may be, but the
Italy foreshadowe in the pamphlet Napoleon III.
ct lItale.' There is, no doubt, some difference
between the geographical extent OF Sardinia
as we could wish to see it, and Sardinia under the
treaty OF Villairanca. But as the war was ostensi
bly undertaken, not for the aggrandlzement OF
Sardinia but for her freedom from Austrian yoke
and for the general liberation of Italy Sardinia as
suredly has right to be dissatisfied with an addi-
ton of three million TO her Inhabitants me cele
brated pamphlet sketched the Confederation OF
the Italian States and those States will probably
be confederated; the Pope was to enjoy nominal
primacy among the Italian SOvereigns and he Is to
receive it, In regard to Austrian troops, we have
no reason to suppose that they will be permitted
to renew the career of Intervention beyond their
own frontiers which has been the cause OF so much
misery to Italy. If we turn from them to the
French troops, neither have we any reason to be-
lieve that they will be permitted to remain in oc-
cupation of Italy. French and AustIians with
drawn, Italy is certainly left very much to the
Italians. The authors of the Confederation will
not of course attempt to remove all the evils OF
Italian government at a stroke. There will be,
even to struggle for. N. Cavour was just the man
to lead this reforming movement; he has declined
to do SO; and we really can perceive at present no
motives adequate to explain his sudden abandon
r .eC 1svso Hal
tired before the began he would have regretted
it when he heard of Magenta and Solferino; he may
yet live 10 regret the termination to which he has
SO abruptly brought his brilliant career.
[Frou tie Loudon Herald o,d Derby's orsan) July Is
Looking at the surface of the question, the Pal
which has rarely fallen to the lot OF any administra
ton. They met Parliamentlwith'a small and doubt
full majority. Two hours before the division which
decided the fate of the Derby government those
who were besr acquainted with the composition of
the House of Commons dared not venture pro-
phecy as to the probable result. Lord Palmerston
took Offce-we. his adversaries, avow thunder no
ordinary difficulties At such crisis as then pre-.
vailed there were few Englishmen who did not
tremble to think that Lord John Russell was our
Foreign Minister, and Lord Pslmerston our
And what happens? Why, at this moment, so
perlous for ministers a miracle happens to save
hem from destruction. The wizard waves his
wand. Thousands of armed men lay down Their
weapons. The cannon ceases to roar. The sword
returns to its scabbard. The only guns we heal
are the 1OI guns from the Invaldes which pro
claim to wondering Frenchmen that there is peace
again in Europe Who, then, so fortunate as Lord
Palmerston? Four days ago the horizon was dark
and gloomy. Now the clouds are driven away and
appearances have changed
Yet all is not bright as it appears. Ministers
may have weathered the storm for season, but is
this peace of Villafranca a permanent peace or
only an interruption of hostilites? The plains
70 or1t still wifi,
carcases of thousands Of men who have
given up their lives to achieve freedom for
Italy. And is this liberty won For the moment
that matters little, for Louis Napoleon has told
of the results of the war in which they have wor
such undying renown. We learn, then, that the
principal aim of the war is obtained, and that Italy
for the first time, is become nation. As French
history must be supposed to date from compare
lively late epoch, we may pass over the anachro
nism contained in this sentence. This Loly, no,t
become nation, is not that Loly Of ,chich men
tion pas naode fer aoeeks dgo--that Italy
but an Italy bounded by the Mincio. This
freedom, this nationality of which Louis Ma
poleon speaks, is not that freedom or that
nationality of which Cavour dreamed, and to win
which, at the point of his sword, many an Italian
of high and low descent, has laid down his life;
nor is it that freedom which Lord Malmesbury
would fain have given Italy had France not inter
vened to prevent Congress. 1t is freedom,
strange to say, OF which the first result is the resg
nation of Count Cavour, who, perhaps, has awaken
ed to conviction of the truth which bids us not to
put our trust in princes. Yes, indeed, there is now
grand Italian Confederation in the praise of
which an organ of Lord Palmerston exhausts d
whole vocabulary of sycophant phraseology. The
Papal government-the one grand obstacle TO
progress in Raly, the chief antagonist to re-
torm-is more powerful than ever, for Pho
Mono is honorary President of the new
confederation, and the lords of France and Austria,
enemies Yesterday, allies to-day, await but signal
from that feeble old man to send their armies into
Italy And what, according to Louis Napoleon
does France gain by all this? Let all Europe pay
heed to his words. He tells his soldiers that "the
union Of Lombardy with Piedmont creates for us
powerful ally, who will owe to US his indepen.
dence." History tells of the magnanimity of AL
exander, but what was Alexander to Napoleon hi?
Whatg Is it for this small return, this most made
quate reward, that the Tcino ran red with the
blood Of thousands Of Frenchmen, that many
millions sterling have been wasted, and all Europe
thrown into confusion? To poor mortals like our.
selves such magnanimity passes all understanding.
Surely, France will ask for some explanation. It
is no business of ours but it is impossible not to
give expression to feeling which nervades all