Green-Mountain freeman. [volume] (Montpelier, Vt.) 1844-1884, 1859-05-19
From Europe.
WAR DECLARED

0Utn uIt.
The news by this arrival is highly important
and interesting, both politically and in u com!
mercial point Of view.
Hostllties have all but commenced.
1t was rumored that the Austrian army, l20,-
600 strong, had crossed the Ticno, but lacked
official confirmation.
No actual conflicts have yet taken place.
fr9nch troops were pouring into Piedmont.
Inc Government Of Tuscany have joined
France and Piedmont.
The French and Russian alliance had been
denied, but the Times Published the provisions
OF the treaties, causing a great panic on the
London Exchange.
About forty failures occurred among stock
operators,
1t was telographed from various sources that
during the night of the 26ht, 100, 900 Austrians
under COMMANDMENT Chief General Gyulai,
crossed the Ticino, in three corps d'armce, on
the dixie road towards Novarra, and that they
afterwards blew up the bridge eff Bufora. This
news lacked official confirmation and some doubts
were thrown upon it.
1t was reported that Austria had accept
cd the proftred mediation of England, and
had postponed the declaration of war for a
few days.
France had not accepted the mediation, but
was said to be considering the subject.
The Paris Constitutional and the London
Daily Nelcs deny the reported alliance between
France and Russia.
Later accounts say the documents signed by
tho two powers is Il mere e51vSntion.
The Times processes to give the provisions Of
the treaty, and draws the most threatening con.
sequences from them, regarding the alliance as
menace to England, inasmdch as Russia guar
antees the service of her fleet in the Mediterra-
mean and Baltic seas, in addition to az. army of
observation on the Austrian frontiers.
The King of Sardinia has issued an inspirit-
ing proclamation to the Army, saying he re-
garded Austria ultmltum as an insult, and
rejected it with disdain.
French troops were landing'at Genoa In larg,
numbers, and were enthusiastically received
The King Of Sardinia has gone to Join his
army in Alessandria.
The Tuscan army have called on the Grand
Duke to Join France and Piedmont and dccIar4
war against Austria He declined and fled
and Tuscany declared II Military Dictatorship.
Warike preparations are going forward in
England. and great activity prevailed at Wool
wi h.
The British Government have chartered the
Cunard screw steamship Etna and other vessels
to convey troops and ammunition to the Medit-
eranean.
There were rumors of proclamation being
issued calling out 10, 600 men for the navy.
War premiums were being generally demand
ed at Lloyds.
Active military movements were going on
throughout France.
Eighty thousand French troops were expect
ed to have arrived in Italy by the day the AIDE
laide sailed.
Denmark is reported to have concluded treaty
offensive and defensive, with France.
The Austrio official Journal, contains an i'm
perlal manifesto explaining the necessity of &
war with Sardinia, and authoritatlvely denie
the existence of IL secret treaty between France
and Russia.
Ship PAma," supposed the Pomona, from
New York for Liverpool, was wrecked off Wex
fond on the 7th The crew and three passen
gers were saved. She had four hundred pass
engers on board The total loss of life is as ye
unknown.
The Austrian manifesto has been issued, ant
is tantamount to declaration Of war.
PARIS, Saturday The Austrians have cross
ed the Ticino, and commenced hestilities. Thi
is official.
THE SANDMAN STATEMENT
Count Cavour addressed tide Chamber o
Deputies as follows:
" Gentleman--The great European powers
in the intention of treating the Italian question
by means OF diplomacy, and to try whether
! Nyarn MT Yocs;hla II, rac,Iyn If nocfo, llv do
termined, in the month of March to convoke
congress to that end. Austria, however mad
her adhesion to that project subordinate to
condition that regarded Sardinia alone to tn
condition, that is, of her previous disarmament
Such Il pretension, repealed without hesitation
by the Kings government as unjust and con
trary to the dignity of the country, found sup
port from none of the cabinets. Austria then
substituted another for it-that of a genera
disarmament This new principle gave rise t
a series of negotiations, which, in spite of tn
frequency and rapidity of telegraphic commu
nications. continued several weeks, and resulte
IN the proposition of England, with which yo,
are well acquainted and which was accepted b
France, Russia and Prussia.
Although Piedmont perceived to how man
doubts and inconvenience the application {
the principle might give rise, nevertheless, in
spirit Of Cancellation, and as the last possibl
concession, she adhered to it. Austria, on tn
contrary, has concisely refused it. That ref
sal, news of which reached lis from all parts u
Europe, was officially announced to US by tn
representative of England at Turin, who sig
nifed to US, by order of his government, tina
the Vienna cabinet had determined to addre'
(riuogere) to Piedmont direct invitation t.
disarm, requiring definite reply in the term
three days.
The substance and the form Of such an inv
tation can leave no doubt in the eyes Of all Ell
rope as to the true intentions Of Austria. 1t
the result and the conclusion Of the great O
lensiye preparations which for long time Aui
tra has been making on her frontiers, an
which in these late days became still more pc
tent and menacng. Under these circumstance
in presence of the grave dangers that threate
us, the kings government believed it to be II
duty to present itself without further delay b.
fore the parliament, and to ask offt those pow
ers which it considered necessary to provide fC
the defense of the country
In response to this call, the Chambers inves
ed the King with all the Legislative and excel
tive powers asked for.
THE FRENCH MANIFESTO.
On the Doth Count Walcski, the Minister IL
Foreign Affairs, made the following statemel
by order of the Emperor:
The state of Italy, aggravated by the admin
istratitive measures adopted in the Lombard
Venetian kingdom, had determined the Au
trian Government to make, since last December
ornaments which soon assumed character su
ficiently threatening to arouse the most sorio'
alarm in Piedmont.
The Government of the Emperor did not 81
those difficulties arise without showing itse
anxiously occupied as regards the consequence
they might have for the peace of Europe. NJ
being. in the case of intervening directly to PR
pose itself the means to prevent them, it neve
theless eagerly welcomed the overtures whi(
have been made to it. Full of confidence
the sentiments of the Government of her Bri
anic Majesty, as well as in the intelligence
her Ambassador at Paris, the Government
/, the EnOprOr sinrnrelv ann1,,Jol tho mission