The weekly pioneer and Democrat. [volume] (Saint Paul, Minn. Territory) 1855-1865, 1859-05-19

| NJ" IN euuy III ptfPeso''y,"os VIC p""sS
Of France"
The Holy Alliance" into which Rus.
sic, Asstris and Prussia entered, at the
same time, to which England declined TO be
q party, bat TO which the minor soversigns
Of the Continent gladly gave 10 their adhe-
sion, was treaty not Of nations, but Of
kings and emperors, to maintain each other
upon their thrones, against their subjects,
o. well AZ all others.
1t 10 this treaty Of Vienna torn to pieces
hundred times since, upon which Austria
now rests her claim for the perpetuation q
despotic intervention the affairs Of Northern
Italy. Scarcely Q stipulation remains to
bind the faith sf the high contracting pow.
crs. The fleets Of England and France
have dictated the severance Of Belgium and
Holland. Hanover is separated from the
English crown. Russia has taken more Of
Poland than it demanded in 1918 The dy.
nasty CT Napoleon 10 restored, in the person
Of his nephew. Piedmont, instead Of being
q barrier to France, is it, ally, the catspaw
Of It's present ambition.
The attempts Of the revolutionists in
Spain and Italy soon broke the peace OF Eu.
rope; and France becoming aggressive,
marched its forces TO Madrid to sustain the
throne Of FERDINAND, while the Austrian
armies penetrated Italy. The Congress
again assembled at Verona in 1922, at
which Austria agreed to withdraw from the
occupation Of Piedmont but neither in this
Congress. nor in that Of TAybach was the
settlement Of 1915 disturbed.
The Italians groaDing under Austrian
oppression, and Papal and Neapoi,an
oppression supported by Austria, have
looked upon their tyrants with hatred
which has become traditional. In lS4S, the
year Of revolution, when IAUis PHILIPPE
was driven from bis throne to give place to
the nephew Of NAPOLEON, the dscoDtents d
the Italians organized in secret societies,
known ~ the Carb0nari, with MAzzISI, II
socialis,ic dreamer for their leader, burst ont
into successful revolts. The Pope was
driven from Rome. Sicily. Naples, Tus.
cany and Parma proclaimed the success OF
revolution.
Then the Lombardo Venetian provinces
I OF Austria demanded reform, which METER
MICH refused. On this, the late CHARLES
ALBERT. King Of Sardinia, threw an army
Of succor into Venice. Eventually be was
beaten at Nokara by the Austriaps, under
Radetsky, and I'm lsa9) had to sbdicate and
resign his throne TO his eldest son. the pres
Ont VrcroR ExAsuEL. King OF Ssrdiania.
With CHARLES ALBEIT declined, for a
time, thu ambitious hope Of uniting LON
hardy to Sardinia, and making an indie
pendent sovereignty OF the two involving.
Of course. the Punishment OF the Austrians
from Italy.
With the expatria,ion Of Msznini from
Rome on the restoration Of the Papal power
the socislistc fantasy Of revolution which
had inspired the Italian dream Of revolution
gave place to more moderate and practical
views OF Government. aud in the face Of the
combined despotsms around him, VlcroR
ExASrEL undertook the experiment OF con
stitutional liberty in Sardinia. And VIC
TOR ENAMEL. or rather CorNr CAvouR, the
liberal and sagscious statesman who in
spires the counsels Of that monarch, replac.
I'd the imprncticable MAzsiSi as the leader
Of the grca, moyemen, Of Italian iudepen-
dence.
Daring the ten years past the liberal and
enlightened policy of Sardinia, 10 the midst
Of surrounding tyrapnies, has. excited the
admiration OF the world, and the bold con.
trast Of iree Government conf on,iug the
hard rule OF Austria in Lombardy and Ven
iec, and Of the lower States Of Italy, has
proved an insidious but irresistible element
OF revolution. and has united the ASPIRATIONS
of oil Italy, in the revival OF the old dream
of unity aud independence, under the lead.
ership of SARDINIA. The important services
OF NIcroR ENASrEL in the Crimcan War
contributed greatly 10 give Sar,iinis caste a.
. second rate power in Enror-the Five
Grea, Powers being England, France. Rus
STA. Austria. and Prussia. Ever since. the
ties Of amity between France AMI Sardinia
have been drawn closer and stronger tog,th-
er. \, the beginning OF the year Louis
Napoleon augrily notified Austria Of his
dissatisfaction with her hard rule in LON
hardy. At the same time, Sardinia publicly
notified sor, of intention TO interfere
agains, Austria, in Lombarly,
Austria then prepared for war. sardinia