New-York daily tribune., 1859-08-04
TIE STATE OF EUROPE.


LONDON, Friday, July %, 1859.
Though the war has ceased and the prelimIniries
Of the peace are signed, the troubles OF Italy are
sply beginning, and nobody sees how 1t Will be
possible TO carry the peace into execution Since
the Venetian province remains uDder the Austrlans'
rather rejoice that all the four fortresses-the
KEYS of Lombardy-were also lett IN their posses
siop. They are a standing menace against Victor
Emanuel, who knows too well that be cannot al
ways reckon on French assi,tsDce, aud therefore
must continue TO find bis support against Austria
in the extension of liberal institutions, and IN Keep
ing alive the desire of Italian unity throughout
the pen nsuls Here, then, We have fermeot
which will keep up sgtstioD, and prevent the
Ital.ns from falling once more into that polltlca
torpidity, which characterized the nation for many
years previous to lS4S. As to the Duchies OF Mo-
deDa and Tuscany, Napoleon has already positively
stated that be will not allow the expelled Dukes to
TO be iDstalled by foreign soldiers They may try to
get beck by fair me ans but if their former subjects
should openly and clearly show their abhorrence of
their rule be will not force them to accept princes
whom they detest, provided they remain peaceable
and do not resort to revolutionary measures. All
this sounds very mysterious, aud ! Inust confess
that do not athom this dte Napoteon'enne, unless
it meals that the Emperor of Austria, too,
n 10 be cheated, and that one of the articles
of the peace is to remain dead letter. AS
regards the other--I mean the confederation of
Italy with the honorary Presidency Of tue Pope, it
is 30 monstrous that it cannot be carried out. The
King Of Sardinia has already, to certain extent,
pus stop to it, by entrustiDg Ratazzi, who is ac-
tually under the accommodation OF the Pope,
with the formation of Cabinet Yon will Proba-
bly remember that Ratazzi was more liberal than
Count CavOur, and that he had TO resign as Minis
Ter ON account of the bitter hatred entertained
against hun BY the clerical party. Nov he is again
the soul of the Ministry Of Victor Emanuel How
could Cardinal ADtouelli embark with him in the
same boat Of Italian Confederation without capsiz-
Ing it1 Still greater the difficulties in the PaPa
States The Legations have established themselves
indepep pdeDtly OF the Pope, The Roman volunteers
from the army OF the Allies are hockng 10 Bologna;
and the Swiss Of the Pope, under Generals Kslbee-
matter and Schmidt can, after the hatchery of
Perugis, scarcely hold the March of Ancona in
decent submission to the Roman Government. The
French have not yet been persuaded by Pho TX. to
restore his secular power by force of arms, while
the Austrisns are forbddsu to cross the Po. What
is Antonelh to DO nowl At Naples We saw mu
tiny Of the Swiss merceparies soon followed by a
general order Of Prince Satriano, which disor-
ganizes these troops by allowing each soldier to re-
turn home. More than tive thousand have
availed themselves of this permission Thus even
oC H. L. k.,, k.aa II
the dsspotism of the la,e King was supported
The country must now either be governed in a
more liberal way, or it will be rayaged by reyola
ton All this complication is q result of the
peace of yllafianca.
A to Napoleon he has shown less cunning than
he had credit for. Only last month he was the
master of Europe. 1t was in his power to become
the greatest man Of his age, when all at once be
throws away all his chances makes peace which
settles nothing but which exasperates Italy
the suspicious Of England, threatens Germany,
humihates Austris, fails either to conciliste any
Of the nations of Europe, to satisfy the ambition of
his army, or to reassure the moneyed classes. For
the first time in his life he appears before the pub
lie with an elaborate apology for his short ,omings,
but bis performance is hissed-it does not cou-
vince any body. The Otlesnists and Republicans
are chuckling at bis false step, many an Italian
whets bis dagger, and the Germans seeing that
their union in the Frankfort Federation, has no
kg to stand upon, instead OF trying to reform
their miserable position, unanimously exc
crate Napoleon. What then could have been
bis motives for the peace Of Villafrsncs, which
be must have known could not please either friend
or foe 1t is said by his adherents that he foresaw
an armed mediation Of Prussia, England and Rus
sia, stepping in aud debating peace. Now rather
than permit the traditions of 1915 10 triumph again,
and rather than that the European pentarchy should
once more decide the fate of the nations and alter
the map OF Europe BY common accord, he is said
70 bave given more favorable terms to Austria, in
orderto keep out the other powers and TO make
breach IN the treaties Of ISIS need not say that
this excuse is even weaker than bis own, when
he throws the blame on the armaments of Pru.sis,
and on the necessity in such case of a,ng himself
with revolution. The Emperor of Aus,ria also
throws the blame on Prussia, complaining that he
has been abandoned by his natural alice thereby
reyersiDg the words of Napoleon.
The youthful and amiable Queen of Portugal and
the King Of Sweden for the last three years insane
are dead. The English are again TO pay an in.
cone-tax Of nine pence IN the pound.