The daily exchange. [volume] (Baltimore, Md.) 1858-1861, 1859-04-25
EUROPE.
THE 4 BIAS NAILS.

We regret to hear that the difficulties connected
with the American Consulate are not yet at an end
o. E. Roberts, Esq, the late Vice Consul, having
been arrested here yesterday, at the suit of General
Keenan,. We do not care to go into the causes that
have been assigned for this act; fear, however,
that the legal disputes consequent upon this arrest
are by no means over.
The general trade of Great Britain is represented
as in satisfactory state. The forthcoming dssolu
ton, although to certain extent likely to be some
what injurious to business, is not expected to do
much harm. The demand that has been prevailing
lately for accommodation in Lombard street and at
the bank, being chiefly for commercial purposes, is
no bad indication of the extension of trade.
Although large arrivals of Colonial Produce have
taken place in London, still the markets have an
improving appearance, the home trade demand be-
ing the increase, and several shipping orders
having been executed lately.
THE COMING ELECTION IN ENGLAND.
The Chancellor of the Exchequer, Disraeli, in an
address to his constituents OF the county Of Buck
ingham, stating that the Queen will shortly dissolve
Parliament for new election of members, appeals
to the electors against Parliamentary majority,
composed Of discordant sections, which seeks to
embarrass the Government by disingenuous
man9uvres.
All the leading politicians of the day who have
seats in the House of Commons, have addressed, or
addressing their respective constituents on the
causes which have led to the dissolution. The
tone infused into some of these documents shows
the spirit in which the battle will be fought, and
it is clear neither party will give or receive
quarter.
The European Times says:-"We are in for an
amount of social and political agitation to which
the country as been stranger for a long period,
and Mr.. Bright's warmest anticipatons have been
seconded by Ministry OF which Lord Derby is the
head. In his defensive speech of Monday--a pow
erful appeal, uttered in tone of defiance, and
Astounding in passages of recrimination rare in
these quiet days-Lord Derby threw down the
gauntlet to his foes in spirit which must greatly
inflame the popular passion on the question of Re-
form III declared to the knife with all
ties but his own-with Lord John Russell, with
Lord Pamerston, with Sir James Graham, with
Mr.. Bright-with all sections of the present House
of Commons except his own Conservative phalanx.
Mr. Disraeis speech was given in much more
subdued key, albeit the pitch was tolerably high
even for him. He declared that the question on
which the country would have to decide was that
of Reform or its NEUTRALITY-SUSPICIOUS.. But he
steered clear of personalities Lord Derby, on the
contrary, revealed in them, and there bitter
in his assault upon his rivals, for power rarely
heard or seen in the Upper Chamber. In fact, since
Mr.. Dsraei's celebrated philippics on the late Sir
Robert Peel, we remember nothing to be compared
in concentrated force and venom to Lord Derby's
criticism on Lord John Russell. 1t was crushing In
style and vgor, masterpiece OF forensic sarcasm.
Lord Derby processes to believe that there is no
strong feeling, enthusiasm amongst the people on
the subject of reform. He will be undeceived before
new Parliament assemblies. In 1852, when he dis
solved the question of Free Trade, he enuncated
a similar belief respecting that moot point, and he
was speedily corrected by events The same result
will follow, prognostcate, in the spring of 1852
SARDINIA AND AUSTRIA.
The Morning Post has published memorandum
presented by the Sandman to the British Govern
ment, on the condition of Italy. This document,
which is dated Turin, March l. commences by sta
ting that the British Government requested the
Government of the King ofSardinia to make known
what, in its opinion, the complaints which the
Italians have to bring forward against Austria
1t then proceeds to advert to the condition of Lom-
hardy and Vanicp and nv saving
We admit that the domination of Austria over the
countries situated between the Tincino, the Pc and
the Adratic is legal; but that does not prevent it
from having produced the most deplorable conse-
quences, and lead to state of things which has
analogy in modern history.
1t is fact that Austrian dominion inspires a feel
ing Of the most nvincible repugnance in the minds
of the immense majority of the Italian people who
are subjected to it; and also that the only feeling
which they entertain towards the government i:
that OF antipathy and hatred.
From what does this proceed? The Austrian
mode of governing has doubtless contributed to it.
Her bureaucratic pedantry-the vexatious conduct
of her police-the overwhelming taxes which she
has established-her system of recruitment, which
is more severe than any other in Europe-heI
rigors and her violence, even against females
have exercised the most disastrous effects on her
Italian subjects. This however, is not the princi-
pal cause OF the evils which have often been point
ed out
History furnishes us with many an example Of
Governments which are worse than that of Austria
but less universally detested.
The true cause of the deep discomfort of the
Lombardo-V entians is that of being ruled and
domineered over by foreigners, by nation with
which they nave no analogy either of race, O
habits, tastes, or language.
five are now asked what remedy diplomacy
can apply to such state of things, we shall frank
y reply, that if Aus tra cannot be induced to mod
fy treaties, no definite and feasible solution bt
come to; 1t will be necessary to put up with only
palllatives. Europe must reserve herself to wit
ness lmpassably the painful spectacle which Lom
hardy and Venetia presents, until revolution
which IS constantly smouldering in those coun
trieS-ayailing itself Of favorable circumstances
shall violently break yoke which conquest anG
war have imposed on them.
This spectacle would however, become less afflict
ing, and the state of the Lombardo-V enetans more
tolerabe, if Austria would show herself faithful to
the promi SEES which she made to the Italians when
in 1874, she excited them to rise against French
domination, and if, in conformity with the pro
camation OF the Commander-in-C Chief of her armies
General Bellegarde, she to establish beyond
the Alps, if not government at least an admins
tration, entirely national, with native army quar-
tered in Italy and commanded by Italian officers
and institutions on representative principle. This
would be palliative which would inspire feeling
OF patience in the minds of people accustomed t.
suffer, and remove to distance the dangers which
now so justly excite the attention of public opinion
in Europe.
Diplomacy, in recommending the Cabinet o.
Vienna to follow the path which has lust beer
pointed out, will perform prudent and meritor
Gus act, although can scarcely hope that the
results proposed will be obtained The experience
OF 40 years has but too clearly shown that Austria
only relies on her force to maintain her dominion
in Italy.
The Memorandum then proceeds to consider the
effects of Austrian policy Central Italy, to com
plain OF Austrian interference and domination in
Parma, Modena, Tuscany, and the Papal States, and
he 6iac yvhi hohon h. !
admitting that as the Pope is head of the Roman
Catholic Church, constitutional institutions cannot
be established in his States, but urging an admin
istratve separation of the Roman Provinces II
concludes by the following summary of proposals:
In our opinion the danger of a war or reyolu.
ton would be warded off, and the Italian cues
ton, at least temporarily, solved by the following
changes:
BY obtaining from Austria-not in virtue of trea
ties but in the names OF the principles of humanity
and OF eternal justice-a national and separate
government for Lombardy and Ventia.
BY requiring, in conformity with the letter and
spirit of the treaty of Vienna, that the domination
of Austria over the States of Central Italy should
cease, and consequently, that the detached forts
constructed outside the walls of Placentia should
be destroyed; that the Convention of the oath of
december, ls47 should be annulled; that the occu-
patton OF the Romagna should cease and that the
principle of non-intervention should be proclaimed
and respected
By inviting the Dukes Of Modena and Parma to
give to their people institutions similar to those ex-
lsting in Piedmont and that the Grand Duke OF
Tuscany should re-establish the constitution to
which he had freely consented in l84S
BY obtaining from the Sovereign Pontiff the ad-
mlnlstratve separation of the provinces beyond the
Apprentices in conformity with the propositions COM
munlcated in 1856 to the Cabinet of London and
Paris.
May England obtain the realisation of these con-
ditlons Italy, relieved and pacfed, will bless her;
and Sardinia, who has so often invoked her coop
Grafton and assistance in favor of her unfortunate
fellow countrymen, will vow to her an imperishable
gratitude.
THE WAR QUESTION.
The best informed journals of the Continent con.
tinue to throw grave doubts upon the assembling
of the Congress which Lord Malmesbury, in Lon.
don, and the journal des DeJats at Paris, some
Time SINCE announced as the coming panacea of the
Ills OF Europe. The Ost Deutsche Post of Vienna
declares that:
"The presence of Count Cavour at Paris, and the
uncertain position of the Derby Ministry in Eng
land and reas ons serious enough to make Napoleon
LII. hesitate about accepting the conditions i'm
posed by Austria upon her acceptance of the pro-
posed Congress. The French Emperor feels that
Lord Palmerston would show him more complais-
ance than the Earl of Derby. We in Austria
would not be much distressed if the Congress never
took place. Has not Count Cavour openly declared
that the Congress would come to nothing if Austria
were not eJected from Italy? Moreover, if France
wants peace, why does she keep up her vast arma-
ments?'
To this question the Constitutional, of Paris, very
pointedly replies by another: ''If Austria reoHv
'oished peace hy did she begin ,cih her EAST arma
mentsF The Cologne Gazette, usually we'll informed
from Prussian diplomatic sources, declares that
"The preliminaries of the Congress are not at all
settled, and it is very doubtful whether the Con-
gress will ever meet at all. Austria demands the
disarmament of Sardinia. France and Russia on