The daily dispatch. [volume] (Richmond [Va.]) 1850-1884, 1859-05-10
~THR DIRPATCH
4 am rI,aopxaN snMpLIUATION.

-
ruRspAY MoRNlNe.... May ., 10, ,o0s
rux HuaoPKAN COMPLICATION
Mankind, although compelled % "am.
.,he truth Of SoTemon's propos'oon' 'a"'
.h.re 4 no new thing, under the sun, mas
,,.v.r become reconciled to the conditions
which II seems to imply. Novelty IS the
desire Of all hearts. the great object OF par-
-. a universal man. There Is DISPOSE
lion 70 seek It In every phenomenon with
which he 10 not familiar, and in every
change which he does not exactly compre-
bend. Jus, at this moment, the great at
traction is the position Of Austria with re-
gard to the Italian question, which the
whole world Is discussing, condemning,
applaudiug, and wondering at, with as
much fervor, and good faith, as though it
were something absolutely new.
So far is the present position of Austria
from being either strange or unusual, that
IL agrees entirely with her whole history in
connection with Italy, ever since that coun-
try was laid PROSTATE at her feet by the
treaty. of Vienna. Within period of for
ty-four years her armies have occupied in
succession, every State of that unfortunate
land. with the sole view of defending these
execrable governments against the people
whom they opprese, with cruelty un-
known to Europe, since the domination OF
imperial Rome. Within that period they
have occupied Tuscany for ak years, Ma
pies for FIVE, Nodena and Parma for six,
and the Papal states for FIVE and twenty
The petty princes who lie south of the Pc,
are we'll aware, that let then, Cypress their
subjects as they may, they will always be
supported by Austria against any attempt
to produce reformation of abuses. They
are equally we'll aware that were her form
liable succor withdrawn, they could not
stand one hour, before the awakened wrath
of their outraged subjects. They know
that they no2 only may govern badly with
out fear, but that Austria will not suffer
them to govern in any other way
That this is a fact, which admits OF no
dispute, is apparent from the history of Ita-
ly, since the year 1915. When Austria re-
placed the long exiled King of Naples
upon the throne, it was her first act to bind
him, by treaty, to administer the govern
ment strictly and purely upon the princl-
Piles of Absolutism and, that there might
be no possibility of a doubt as to the man.
ner in which this treaty was to be construed,
Mctternich subsequently declared, at the
Congress of Laybach, when it was intlma-
ted that it might be necessary to make some
concessions to the spirit of the age, which
was expanding in the direction of Reform,
that if the King of Naples himself attempt
ed to introduce constitutional government,
the Emperor would make war upon him.
In 1922, the Austrian Minister at the Con-
Vress of Verona, declared that representative
government should not be established in any
single Italian State and, in The same year
after the revolution in Naples had been
crushed by the iron hand uf Austria, the
Emperor Francis told the Papal legate thai
he was about to withdraw his forces from
the States of the Church; but that, asked OIL
not asked, he shonld take the liberty OF
coming back again, whenever he though,
proper.
These facts reveal the entire system upon
which Austria is acting at the present mo
ment. She is determined to allow no con-
stitutional government, no popular repre-
sentation, no reform in any of the Italian
States Compelled by circumstances te
make Sardinia thus far an exception to the
general rule, she has nevertheless neglected
no opportunity to place herself in position
to crush that country whenever conve'
nient opportunity may offer Preparatory
to this catastrophe, she took advantage OF
the long interval of peace that succeeded
the battle of Waterloo, TO increase her own
means of communication with Italy, and to
prevent Piedmont from establishing any
with France. 1t was obviously her objeci
to throw the theatre of any future war as
far as possible from Vienna, and to fix it in
Northern Italy, or on the confines of France
The works which she constructed for this
purpose are prodigious beyond all prece.
dent. They enable her to deluge LON.
hardy with troops so rapidly, that resist
apcs may be crushed at once, before any
auxiliary power can arrive to avert thu
blow. Design is apparent in all these ope
rations-both in the care which she ha:
taken to multiply her own lines of commu
nication, and to interrupt those prepared
by Piedmont, even on her own territory
Thus prepared, it is not wonderful that she
felt herself authorized to use a tone o.
naughty insolence to Sardinia-to require
that she should submit to her mercy as a
preliminary to any arrangement for gene
raj disarmament-to insist that her troop:
should be disbanded, and as further hu
miliat0ln, that this operation should be su
perintended by Austrian officers.
1t is in vain that d israeli and the torie!
that surround him, ascribe this whole com
plication to the ambition ofNapoleon Ill
The world knows better. 1t ascribes it t.
the true cause-to the resolute determine
ton of Austria to maintain in Italy the in
fernal system which has reduced it to it
present condition. A similar attempt wa.
made at the commencement of thelate Rus.
sian war. But it deceived nobody. The
whole world saw, at once, that it was tn,
desire of Nicholas to administer the tsick
mans estate before he was dead, and mo-
petty squabble about an old rusty key,
that set the legions of the monarchs in mo.
ton. How the end may be, of course it is
impossible to know. The position of Aus
tria upon the Ticino with 200, 900 men
the facility with which she can transport
them to the other shore, where there are
but 40, to oppose her-and the short
distance of the river from Turin-offer her
great advantages for striking heavy blow
at the opening of the campaign. But there
are thirty thousand French troops at Tou-
Ion, only two hundred miles of, and these
can be transported to Genoa, whence to Tu-
rim there is a railroad, in twelve hours
Heavy French columns lie, also, on the other
side OF the Alps; but for the reason that
Austria would allow Piedmont to make no
roads communicating with France, their ar
rival must of course be longer delayed. The
French, however, have this great advantage:
As regards all Europe with the exception of
England, they are all powerful at sea. They
can land in lllyria, take Trieste and Venice
and place themselves completely in the rear
OF the Austrian invading army, cutting it
Oh from the famous line of the Adige. estab-
fishing themselves between it and the Tyrol,
and thus placing it, as it were, in state Of