davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Alexandria gazette. [volume] (Alexandria, D.C.) 1834-1974, 1859-01-20
ALEXANDRIA GAZETTE AND VIRGINIA ADNERIISER JANUARY :" s."
The President and secretary of the Treasury.

The President and secretary of the Treasury.
Senator Simmons. of Rhode Island. threw
Il homl-Shell into the Democratic camp of
the Senate a few days ago, which seems to
have stirred up that grave body very much.
He introduced Il resolution calling upon the
Secretary Of the Treasury 10 report To Con-
gress a plan for the raising Of the revenues
Of the Government by specific, instead Of by
al yalorcm. duties.
1t will be recollected that the President.
in his annual Message, recommended the
substitution Of specific duties for the mode
now in operation. He even went 50 far aS
to argue, (which he did with a great deal of
force that specific duties would be much
more fair and equal, and would raise Il great
er revenue than duties collected as they now
are. ad ralorem. This recommendation of
the Chief Executive officer Of the nation
seems to have been utterly ignored by his
party friends i'll Congress. No one has made
tie first motion to carry the suggestions OF
the President into effect. On the contary 1t
has been passed over without the slightest no.
tice. The Senator from Rhode Island. pro-
badly moved by a sense Of sympathy for
S"e S'''iS =" '' 49,
ueSel'tu ny n'S lH aii a aJ"I hn,u 'oLH ~ ri
'u"sei' ~ ~ 'e'"ii "'a nLnro aI'
rns resolution winch VIZ ""'' "''''
-. .hou.h III, ,ronos;tion
1u",S: oH"', '"'uSn' ."n IT, ';om'
artnpuTl .A"'' "cc'I.''n'e "."J t,..I
y, the l Iesfnen', M"' a nv So WLr
pemocra'lc members u ''lr III. ""H,
because inc SccfS'af! VI |It it, ,ho 5.o u
nos i,ePor!, ; . Lar lfoin I".S - ~,
~ : o 49, ~ pa au.nn,an, - nr,,.o
Alexandria gazette. [volume] (Alexandria, D.C.) 1834-1974, 1859-01-20
Louis Napoleon and France

The last Westmln>ter Review contain,
ofthc most crushing and oyrrwhrIin,,,
cles against Louis Napoleon that p.
remember to have read. II arrays. viii.
riblc force and clcarncss, all the ar,,
" and usurpation with which the
Emperor Of France has >appci and io,.-
the liberties OF France. since ISL.
Examples of the fo%rcthought OF H..
gacious despot will show how firm aE...
has taken upon the French people. anil,
completely he has cxtinguishei every
of liberty in France. His enormous
magnificent navy, and stupendou> tna,
operations, render his power still m,rc,-
dabIc. His despotiSm, whilst II +,
secret, is far more powerful than tha,o. .
Austria Or Russia. His power iohr, .,.
thing but the knife of the assassin. Tie
potism. however, is after all Il military a.
potism. Tor besides the French army r-.
Louis Napoleon on the 10Th Of Drcpm
1875, r~e-established the Imperial guard. vf
now consists of thirty-tivc thousand r.-
Looking to the vast size and ~re>tlc>, r
ter of the French army. the English Rev
and newspapers cannot deny that an az.
foreign war is becoming every day more
more essential to the permanence Of tho n
itary despotism OF France. The stem
relentless persecution of freedom in Fn-.
has not failed TO excite the most anyi
apprehensions in England, and it is mani,
in the last Quarterly Reviews. Lou. \
poleon cannot but regard the compar4
liberty of the English people a. a pcr,:..
menace to his existence. The demonstrate >.
Of the English press. the bold Language 4:
Parliamentary debates, tn" security $751;
England furnishes to hundreds # elg
thirsting for his blood-the acqui,tal oi
enemies by English %juries. and the mem
Of his %uncle's wrongs. all prompt him. VIZ
the time arrives, To avenge all the wr....
which France has sustained at the hand,
"perfdious Albion" The dark SHADOW,
events have already excited the
found anxiety of some of the ableot min.
Observation-Disclosures Examiner.
Alexandria gazette. [volume] (Alexandria, D.C.) 1834-1974, 1859-01-20
Hazel River Again

The Corporation of fredericksburg. found
ont several years since that her subscription OF
SlU,OOO t" the improvement of tue Hazel Rlv-
cr Navigation. was Just 81 much money clean
lost and gone forever. Tn heavy trc>hct>
that occurred were highly disastrous To that
work. a. well IA. the Rappahann"ck Canal.
which was the common carrier after the lulIc-
ton Of the two rivers.
These works have been in di-u~c except
from town to Ellis's for some wears. OF no
good to the Corporation. and Of no advantage
above, to the private Stockholders who had
embarked their money in opening up ahigh-
way TO our market for their produce. \
proposition was read at the lest meeting of
the Council. from Mr.. llill-who owns Il
mill ON Hazel Rivcr-to open up and clear
the navigation Of that stream of all ol,truc-
tio~n--rihoUt the expenditure II dm' ir"m
Mc Cn,poImtion-down to where the q. y a.
Railroad crosses the ltnppahannprk River,
coupled with 4 statement that Mr. T.. j. kel-
Is. would open the Canal on down. and thus
give a water carriage to fredericksburg.
Mr.. Hills proposition was, simply, that tn"
Corporation should transfer her stock III the
Halle River improvement for FIVE years, or
appoint two gentlemen a. proxies t" represent
her interest, in IL Stockholders meeting. and
authorize him To do the work. The Council
tabled the whole mattrr.-Frcd. Hc,"hd,
Alexandria gazette. [volume] (Alexandria, D.C.) 1834-1974, 1859-01-20
The Africans.

Two of the Wanderers crew Of Africans
have been struggled in to Mississippi, and
put TO work on a plantation of Mr.. Montague,
near Canton. The Nick,burg Sun says
lie say, they are obcdicnt, and when en-
outraged to labor they work vigorously
They speak some kind Of gibbcrish to each
other. which We could not understand. but
Mr.. Montague did. Mr.. W., said they were
intelligent, and were quick ut compr"hen-
sion. and told Us they had learned English
already. and to convince " of the fact, he
said something which We didnot understand
to one OF them, who Immediately stepped up
to us and grasped our hand, and said, How
dye do, mingo gi' me- som bacca and whis-
Alexandria gazette. [volume] (Alexandria, D.C.) 1834-1974, 1859-01-20
Cow

1t is to be hoped that our City Solons ".
now see that that much abused body, the Fin
mems Convention. could originate some M
sures tending TO the preservation Of pub.
tranquility. Had they condcscendel to fa
nit the companies 10 constitute the Comm
tee of Arbitration, or Firemen'S Court. q
difficulties which occurred on SATURDAY c,rl
ing would either have been avoidcd. or tir>
who occasioned them would have been.
this time, expelled from the Department
On the contrary, had the Board oi AIDE
men concurred in the wis" resolve Of
Common Council to deprive the Dcpar;mrr
Of three-ffths of its force, and thrcr-foufa
of its energy for an indefinite period, ST.
can tell what might have been III" result
the fire in Fayette Alley. on Tuesday r'r
ing? If rowdics violate the laws and dist
the peace. let them be punished. hut !r
attempt TO involve respectable tircmcn in.
disgrace of their proceedings. or You s.
soon find that nobody but rowdies will tu
the fire apparatus. \ FIREMAN
Alexandria gazette. [volume] (Alexandria, D.C.) 1834-1974, 1859-01-20
Tho Ice Crop.

The New York Courier of the 18th inst,
says that although dealers in ice have not
been kept 50 long in suspense this year rs
last. respecting the size OF their crop, there
are more draw back, TO their success than
most people imagine. Their article in trade
was manufactured with remarkable rapidity
during the prevalence Of the late cold term,
but ~ it is not in human nature to be able
tomove about on the river durimgsuch wealth
cr. work was suspended on Saturday, Mon
day and TUESDAY. thu> losing three valuable
DAYS. Then came more snow. which hai to
be- cleaned off before cutting could be COM
menccd: then rain. which drove all hands IN
doors. and thawcd away much Of the ice
Notwithstanding these disadvantages, work
has been prosecuted with such energy during
favorable weather. at the ice stations Of
Athcn, and Cat>kill. that half the full crop
has been already housed. The ice is found
10 be- Of fine quality, from 10 10 L. inches
hick.-R icAmo"d Dispatch.
Alexandria gazette. [volume] (Alexandria, D.C.) 1834-1974, 1859-01-20
Secretary Cobb and Senator Clay.

Apropos of the disagreement between a
Democratic President and his leading Cabi-
net Minister, touching the best mode Of col
lecting the revenue. we find the following ex-
tract from Il letter of Senator Clay, of Ala
bama, going the rounds of the press
He regards the views of the President al
merely "unfortunate.' Would that have
been the Senator's expression if II Wing
President had recommended specific duties?
But here is III" extract:
THE Presidents Message has been unfor-
tunatc in some Of its recommendations, in
TN" Judgment of most Of his party in Con-
grcss. His recommendation Of specific du-
ties is regarded ~ II departure from the prin-
cipleS Of free trade and Of the Democratic par
". and adverse "a southern interests. 1t
will probably command the entire Black Re
publican support and that of the Southern
Know Nothings, some old Wings now acting
with the Democratic party. and the Pennsyl-
vania, and perhaps. Kentucky and Louisiana
Democrats. Hence, there is some danger of
some bill providing specific duties being pass
Ell at this session. Secretary Cobb disa-
grces with his Chief, and recommends the
continuance of al ruIorem duties. This
would ensure his dccapitation if amember of
the British Cabinet, but our President to!e-
rates his di>obedicnce. If Secretary Cobb
had resigned. a. he should have done, he
would have lone more To reinstate himself
with the Southern Rights Democracy, than
by any act since his detection in ~l850'5l."
II seems 70 Us that the above contains IAN
Iri,hman's hint t. the Chevulicr Cobb 10
resign his office. Will he do it: Hardly
LLNrALnrH lmlinian.
Alexandria gazette. [volume] (Alexandria, D.C.) 1834-1974, 1859-01-20
Tho Pride of Success,

Northerncrs have frequently Observed and
remarked upon the attachment of the hou-c-
servants of the slave States for their masters
and mi>troSScS. The feeling is frequently
So strong thar u wort in the slightest degree
lcrogatory to the fair standing of any mem
her of the family. j. considered as peisoa0i
by the slave. who will for weeks watch for an
opportunity of rcvcnging himself by some
miscellaneous trick. Great interest i also
taken hy the huu,n->crvantS in whatever re
CARDS the welfare Of their masters. and mis-
trcsSes, and they are IL proud ~ any mem
bers of the family can he. Of thSir success III
whatever they undertake. We We're a wit
ness III Kentucky, Il few years ago. ofan mel
dent which Was finely Illustrative of this
latter feeling. The romplrt" returns had
been received the evening before, Of the "!cc-
ton Of y member Il! Congress- ~ that district.
Both the rival candidates resided III the vii
lagc, and their two lou-c->crvant> met IN the
street, as they were in the usual practice of
doing. But sam, 9TH" slave of the beaten
candidate. usually a. %stiifa-a poker. now
hung his head a little: whereas, Ratr. the
slave of the successful candidate. usually
rather humble in appearance, now carried
himself erect. aud proudly a. Julius Caesar.
Good morning. Rafe," at length shouted
sam, scrcwing up his courage. why. You
look as stiff a. "A ,tarrhrl rcttiroat.' "'lIa.
ha. Sam Niger" exclaimed Ratc strutting
hy him. ''rhDW YOW bit ~ D0w/'
Alexandria gazette. [volume] (Alexandria, D.C.) 1834-1974, 1859-01-20
Postage Reform.

The Senote's Post Office committee YES
torIav dotcrmin.J r, rr,nrt G,vorably ON tb.
In II Sonatnr uuntor Ear , r.fnrm in the
a, Lm,a ,ta ,,n,. r,,r -. nmn.,;,, IN
!.ho Committee r,,m Ln;r, yc,t-N.s.rs
VIZ W.T. c..;, a,,I D.; ~ U,....
p puIt T"Ir' wv m;" 49, Th;' I'm nr'nn"o.
- alnI;IL ,h,' GronLin, nr;y;Inra IN all
rn;",aJ ma,,nr wa;,|I;nr o,a ,Lr1n ornc,..
p n -" pna lnn,', onrn,I m..somo orJ
N'P .,,4
Alexandria gazette. [volume] (Alexandria, D.C.) 1834-1974, 1859-01-20
Mr., Muntasue's Position.

We publish Nr. Montagu"'s Letter defn-
ing hi- position as to the Internal improve
mcnts lines
Was it entirely ingenious in Mr.. Montague
10 say he voted against all appropriations
for works Of improvement lin obedience to
the will If his constituents Without
wishing il. may he not deceive ,om"
one into thinking it was oniy in obedi"nr"
to their will and not in obedience tohiS o,r1?
Has he not always been considered a deter
mined opponent of informal Improvements.
until hi nomiuation?-Fttd. Vars.
Alexandria gazette. [volume] (Alexandria, D.C.) 1834-1974, 1859-01-20

The Union is now contcnding manfully
for the continuance of "a judicious tariff
which will supply the legitimate and constltu-
tional wants of the government, and maln-
tanning that if too much revenue unduiy
strengthens the government, 500 little un-
duly weakens it." This is what the Wings
have always asserted-indeed, it is a part OF
their political creed. In arranging such a
system of revenue they have, also. always
said, that the great interests of the country,
commercial, agricultural, and mechanical
can be protected to n considerable degree
against the disastrous competition of foreign
capital and foreign low wages and cheap
labor.
The Union nor, also, sees danger, not so
much from the advocates of a protective ia
riff. a. from those who are the advocates
either of q total abolition of a tariff system
or of O system reduced to a scale at which
it will be inadequate to supply sut'elenf rev.
enues for the proper and efficient administers
ton of the government. Already, 1t says
are propositions pending before Congress tor
a repeal of the federal revenue laws and Il
resort TO direct taxes, to be levied by the
States for the federal exchequer. And, 1t
adds, that. although not brought forward
in that spirit, or intended for such = par
pose at all, these propositions are, IN fact
nothing more nor less than suggestions
for a dissolution of the Union. Here AGAIN
is good Wing doctrine-always maintained
always urged.
Indeed, to carry on the government success
fully these principles must be supported.
We do not. know. however, that we can be
rs enthusiastic as the Union has become, and
assert as it does. that THE TARIFF Is IN"
IyIoN.'
Alexandria gazette. [volume] (Alexandria, D.C.) 1834-1974, 1859-01-20
The Different Kinds # Thermometers.

The thermometer most generally used III
the United States, and also in England. is
Fahrenheit's. The interval on the scale be-
tween the freezing and boiling points. is di-
vidrd into one hundred and eighty equal
parts. This division i, similarly continued
below the freezing point to the place q, call
ed zero, and each division upward from that
j. marked with the successive numbers, |, >.
}, etc. The freezing point Is thus the sd
division. and the boiling point is the 2l2th
divisions: these divisions are called degrees
Thermometers of this character are called
Fahrcnhrit'S from a Dutch Philosophical in
>truncnt-makcr. who first introduced this
method Of graduation. The zero of Il Their
momrtric scale has no r%clationt Ia the real zero
Of heat. or the point 1T which bodies are en-
tirely deprived Of heat.
In addition to Fahrenheit's thermometer,
two others are known AZ Rcaumer's and the
Ccntigradc thermometer. The only differ
cnrc between these three kinds of thrrmomc-
tiers. is the difference in graduating the III
tcryal between the freezing and boiling
points ofwatcr. Rcaumer's /. divided into
eighty degrees, the Centigradc int" one hun
,ircd, and fahrcnheit'S into one hundred and
eighty. According to Rraumcr. water freezes
at o LEG, and boils at 81; according 10 the
Centigr0dc, it freezes at q deg. and boils at
100 de-: and according 10 Fahrenheit, it
freezes at - deg. and boi.> At PIP deg. In
England. Holland, and the United States, the
thermometer most generally used Is Fahren-
hcit's. Reaumcr's scale is used in Germany:
and the Centigradc in France. Sweden, and
some other parts of Europe. The scale of
the Ccutigrndr is, ut present. almost uniy"r-
sally adopted for scientific purposes,
Alexandria gazette. [volume] (Alexandria, D.C.) 1834-1974, 1859-01-20

Attention has at last been drawn to the
enormous revenues attached to the Offices OF
Coal inspectors. There are two OF theS"
respectable perSonages. one residing at Read
ing, Pa, The other ut Baltimore. whose duty
it is to purchase the coal. which Uncle Sam
finds occasion 10 use in lis dock yards. arse
mails, and on his war steamers. Tor which ser
vice they receive a commission OF five per
cent. on all purchases. And when we re-
fleet that from $40. UOW t. 81 .OOO,W Nv OF that
valuable article is consumed each year. we
can at once p~erceiyc that the ordering OF Il
very slight reduction III the ices 81 THESE
gentlemen. would be Il saving indeed.
Alexandria gazette. [volume] (Alexandria, D.C.) 1834-1974, 1859-01-20

y EW BOOkS.-Hoen, by Frances Ann KEN
~ bic, in one handsome volume. price 81.
Poems by Elizabeth Barrett Browning, from the
lat London edition. corrected ~ the author. com
rletcd in three volumes. blue and gold. S2.2j.
The History of The Religious movement of The
Eighteenth Century, called Methodi-m, consider
ell in rs different denominations forms, aud IL
relations To British and American Professionalism.
by Abet Stevens. ID. D.. volume /. from the origin
Of Methodi.m To the death OF Whitfield u. Just
published, aud for sale by ROBERT BELL.
ian l.
Alexandria gazette. [volume] (Alexandria, D.C.) 1834-1974, 1859-01-20

The mirth moving letters of "Mozis Adj
dums' in the Southern Literary Messenger
which have attracted SO much attention, and
caused such general laughter, and such null
titudes Of sore ribs, are from the pen Of DR..
G. W. Bagby, a Nirginian, and a native of
Lvnchburg, but now residing i'll Washington.
Alexandria gazette. [volume] (Alexandria, D.C.) 1834-1974, 1859-01-20

Hon. John Lctcher, says the Fairm"nt
Free Nirginian.) writes to a citizen oi fa'r-
mont that he intends. upon the adjournment
of Congress, to pay his respects to his own
constituents. first. as in duty bound: them to
visit Southwestern Virginia: then 10 strik"
over to the Ohio river, which he Will be Ike
" to follow up to Wheeling: and finally, to
give us a call. Therefore, he may be expe'-
ted TO make a speech in Fairmont before the
dav of elcction-perhaps at May c"urt-c1
which due notice will be given,
Alexandria gazette. [volume] (Alexandria, D.C.) 1834-1974, 1859-01-20

Professor Steiner, the Young American
.Eronaut, that made an aerial flight from Cnl-
cinnati to New York, last Fall, aiighting in a
~ncighboring corn field, has been engaged for
some tilan in attempts 10 solvethc problem OF
aerial navigation, and, it is thought, has been
successful. The Xenia News announces that
he isabout to make a practical application 81
the result. Of his experiments. The editor Of
that PAPER ha, been shown the plans and
specifications of a monster air>hlp, designed
70 cross the Atlantic in sixty hours, Tor IN"
construction of which Professor Steiner de-
sires TO secure the aid of Congress.
Alexandria gazette. [volume] (Alexandria, D.C.) 1834-1974, 1859-01-20

The Hebrews of New Orleans approve OF
Mr.. Buchanan's course in regard to the Nor
tara ease. At the anniversary of their "ld-
ows' and Orphans Home, in that city sever
al gentlemen commended the action OF our
Government. and the assembly drank with
snnrobation the following toast: The freSi'
dent of the United States and his constltu-
tioual adviser, Gen. CaSs.
Alexandria gazette. [volume] (Alexandria, D.C.) 1834-1974, 1859-01-20

The Pacific Railroad bill in tn" Senate,
"drags its slow length along MIR. Bell pro-
poses to invite proposals for three roads-n"t
for the purpose of making three-but t" ind
out from practical men which route Is the
cheonest and best. The hill, as~amended, has
been ordered to be printed.
Alexandria gazette. [volume] (Alexandria, D.C.) 1834-1974, 1859-01-20

Madame KiSsclhorff. the lady of the Rus
sian ambassador ut Paris, is 80 exceedingly
beautiful AS 10 have been called the Rose OF
Russia" She is 50 ardent 4 defender "t
woman's rights that her husband does not
dare to present himself at her grand en-
tertainments unless he receives i written III
~vitation. She dresses in black lace or velvet,
with a profusion Of rich ~jewelry. and is an
invctcratc and very successful gambler.
Alexandria gazette. [volume] (Alexandria, D.C.) 1834-1974, 1859-01-20

AT a sale of the property belonging to the
estate of the late Jno. W. Evans. OF Orange
county, the Home tract, loI acres was SOLD
10 DIR. p. T.. johnson at 81 .06 per acre. The
lower tract. 100 acres, was bought by u. /.
Whitlock at 800 per acre.
Alexandria gazette. [volume] (Alexandria, D.C.) 1834-1974, 1859-01-20
Mexican Affairs.

There is a ruUi0r abroad in Senatorial cir
cles that Gen. Miramon. of Mexico, proposes
u sell to this government. n Ia santa lima the
States Of Sonora and chihuahua. for sixteen
millions. To do this it is necessary TO set
aside the Constitution and ignore the Liberal
government, hut it is also said that Rob!es
went from mere L. arrange al that. and that
he j. mixed up with thi, Offer Wash. States.
HAYS MEDICAL JOURNAL AND NEWS
IL Of lS5a.-The January number Il Hay.
Medical Journal j. now ready. Those who wish
to subscribe. will please hand i'll their uamcs.-
Price for the Journal and News, - per annuin. in
advance.
Dalton's Physiology Treatise on Human
Physiology, designed for the use Of s. 'cuts
and Practitioners of Medicine, by John E, Dalton,
Jr., VI. D.. with 25i illustrations, price Si.25. Just
published, and for sale by
Jan II ROBERT BELL.
I ii fIRklNS Lard. for sale hN
Alexandria gazette. [volume] (Alexandria, D.C.) 1834-1974, 1859-01-20
ALEXANDRIA,:
DAILY AND THIN +.
EDGAR SNOWDEN.
THURSDAY MORNING, JANUARY 20. 1859.

Some idea of the spirit which actuatcs the
Observation-Disclosures party i'll
this country, may be formed from ii speech
delivered in the House of Representatives.
on Tuesday, by Mr.. Cox, of Ohio, in which
he discussed our foreign relations. He set
cut with the declaration "that the principle
that the weaker nation must be absorbed 10y
the stronger and organized nation. applied TO
our relations with Central America And
what a principle this il to advocate, in con-
~nection with our dealings with surrounding
nations. lie then went on to say, that the
only contest the Government would have III
pursuing such a policy, would not be with
the people of these territories, but with Spain,
France. and especially with England. He
looked upon the Cuban question from another
standpoint. The President had given am
pie reasons for its annexation. Its geogra-
phical position commanded an advantage to
which Americans could not be indifferent.
The coastwise and Mississippi trade, amount
mo 10 some two hundred and fifty millions
of dollars, and which, before ten years, Will
amount to five hundred millions of dollars,
equal 10 the WnOie value vi ic" eo'a''
Ohio, will pass within the range OF Cuban
cannon. There was a necessity TO have this
trade properly guarded and protected. but h"
did not believe that, in the present condition
of the question, Spain would sell Cuba, for
the reason that she has that old Spanish pride
there. lie was willing. however, to vote for
the bill introduced by Mr.. Branch. but he
was not particular as to the amount appro-
priated. looking to negotiations for the pur-
chase Of Cuba. and looking hen tn the ordelIy
SEIZCREefH He would not discuss the
relations of the Government with Central
American affairs, but he would remark that
the great s~tumbling-block seemed to be the
CLAYTON ulwer treaty-the diplomatic blum,
der of the nineteenth century. The United
States must grow without, or fail within, Tor
the nation that failed to embrace every oppor-
tunity for advancement, would Ju.t rs surely
fail Of its destiny. He commended that tins
principle should be applied TO Mexico
We have never known more u%nsound, mis-
chievous doctrines, to be condensed IN so
short a space. If our government could be
induced to act upon them and our people to
sanction them, we would soon become "a bye
word and a r~eproach among the nations Of
the earth"