The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1859-07-26


the Countess -Hildebrand,
Innocent iii. and Leo X.-Gan-
ganelli and the Present Pope,
&O., DC, DO.
The temporal power of the Pope in this way. On
the decline of the Roman empire, the Emperor Honorus
afraid Of remaining defenceees at Man chose Ravenna
hs residence in order that his personal safety might be
occurred amidst its morasses and canals, which had be-
filled up with deposit, and were too shallow TO
admit ships from the He further fortified the city,
that saved from the Mortimer under Aaric. But
under the of Honorus the city taken by
Odoacer and his wild tribes, who made Themselves
tes Of the country and extngushed the first empire Of
the West These held sway till the Eastern Goths crossed
the Alps with powerful army, and made Ravenua tho
capital Of a Gothic kingdom. The Roman Emperors
had transferred their seat Of empire from Italy to
to the East and Byzantium the site Of which Constan
tine the Great built the modern Constantnople became
the residence Of the Emperors Justinan, avaling him
self Of the military genius Of his celebrated general Be-
isarius sent him against the Cloths in Italy His
was great, but he was superseded Ia the command by
Narses, who completed the conquest after of TWEEN
ty years, killing the last king Of the Goths Ravenna
made the seat Of Justinans Italian province, and
Rome degraded to the second rank. The province
was the first ex.arcb. Thus, after a rign of sixty
years, tine throne Of the Gothic kings was filed by
the archs Of Ravenna the representatives peace and
war Of the Emperor Of the Romans. Their government
comprised the entire kingdom Of Italy, including the city
Of Rome and the Pope bishop Of the Christian capital
was regarded subject to their authority possessing
merely temporal estate in Rome, dependent the
Archaic The jurisdiction of the exarchs viewer soon
became narrowed, including only modern Romagua, the
districts Of Ferrara and Comaccho, the maritime Penta
polls Give cities, the line of towns extending from
Rimni to AncOna; and second inland Pentapolis,
bracg several towns the eastern SIDE Of the Apennnes
The archaic lasted S5 years. and the people of Rome
erected kind of republic under their bishop But the
Lombards, Germanic race who had crossed the Alps
and established Themselves in the north of Italy, con-
quered the exarchate and made Ravenna the metropolis
the Lombard kingdom. Rome consequently fell under
their sway, and tribute demanded. But Rome and
her bishop objected, demonstrated threatened resisted
Resistance, however, useless, and Gregory 1.-THE
bithop or Pope) appealed to the Emperor at Byzan-
tium in vain. The Eastern Emperor could mol or
would not help him. He then appealed to the hero
age, Charles Mate the founder of the Carlovipgau am
y in France and the grandfather Of Charlemagne Under
the title of Mayor Of the Palace" he ruled all France
having first deposed the King Of the Franks who refused
TO acknowledge his title he was too busy, however, with
more important matters both foreign and domestic
tend the complaint Of the Pope for he arrested the pro-
grees Of the conquerng Saracens in great and decisive
battle between Tours Poicers-a victory says Glib
bon which, by virtually stopping the progress Of the in
vaders prevented consequences which might have curl
ousy altered even the fate Of Britain The of
Gregory-Stcphen 1II-was successful He crossed
the Pennne Alps to mpore Pepn the Little son of Charles
Marte Pepn the Great to come to bis aid Pepp at
the head OF French army proceeded to Italy defeated
the Lombards, and gave To the Pope the exarchae
rather be gave him the use Of It, his lieutenant resery
ing 10 himself the supreme authority.
For this Pepin was annonted and crowned King of
France by the Pope. But when the French arms were
removed from Rally, the valiant Lombards recovered the
possession of their conquest Pope Stephen fearing the
French King would be weared with such expeditions now
wrote him letter. signed by ST. Peter himself command.
ing him, on pain OF damnation to come to his aid. Pep
could not rest His second expedition was as fortunate
az his rs and to the opportunities and circumstances
Of the Greek Emperor who wanted him restore the ex
archate he replied that human consideration could In.
duce him to resume the gift which he had conferred on
he Roman Pond for the remission of his sins and the
salvation OF his SOUL Bat the LOmbards broke again.
and now Charlemagne, son of Pepn, was invoked. He
crossed The Alps BY route previously unknown esctu-
ally ovcrthrew the Lombards, and enlarged the bounds
ries Of the ex archaic The Lombard King delivered
keys and the hostages of the principal cities TO the
French ambassador, who in his name presented
them at the tomb Of st. Peter The strict and proper
limits Of the original Archaic the territories of Ra
VIENNA Bologna and Ferrara with its inseparable Deepen
dency, the Pnapols, which stretched along the Adratc
from Rimni to Ancona and advanced into the midland
country as far as the ridges Of the Apennnes But
now to comprise, in addition, all the provinces Of Italy
which had obeyed Cbarlemsgne and his vicegerent All
was conferred on the Holy See temporal possession
and the world behed for the first time Christian bishop
invested with the prerogative OF temporal prince, the
choice Of magistrates the exercise Of justice the mpos
ton Of taxes and the wealth of the palace OF Ravenua
Whether theee given to and held by the Pope In
absolute dominion, whether they were held as fef
under Charemsgue has been warmly disputed Certain
is that in the twenty ak years that elapsed
the conquest of Lombardy and his imperial coronation
Rome subject to the sceptre Of Charlemagne. The
people allegiance to his person and family his
name money was coined and justice was administered;
and the election Of the Popes examined and con-
frmed by his authority Charlemagne euded the
promises made by his father and himself and asserted
the inalienable rights Of the empre and both in life
and death, he numbered Rsvenna and Rome am 1ng
the imperial cities The sovereignty Of the exarcha.e
melted away in the hands of the Popes, and both
mobiles and people then dsdained the yoke of priest
to which in later ages they submitted. Much OF
this dominion was only nominal for considerable por
ton of 10 the possession Of Charlem,g and
consequently not his to give.
Adrian l., however, claimed the suprems dominion not
in virtue Of the grant Of Charlemagne but by forged
donation Of Constantine and the celebrated said
to have come romthe primitive Popes but fabricated by
dore These are the two magic pillars of the spiritual
and temporal monarchy Of the Pope" Adrian, in en-
epste, refers TO them, and exhoits Charlomagne TO
initiate the berality and revive the name OF the Great
Constantine, who, being cured of eprosy by the Roman
bishop Sylvester, withdrew from the seat and pAtri.
mony Of st. Peter in order TO found empire in the
East and resigned 10 the Popes the free and perpetual
sovereignty Of Rome Italy, and the PROVINCES Of the West