San Andreas independent., 1859-08-20
Peace in Europe.

expecting the news of another terrible battle
within the fortified square of Austrian Italy.
the sudden and unexpected news of Peace
reaches US. We stated last week that Austria
was the sick man" of Europe Cut off from
her ancient and natural allies-Russia and the
German Powers, she proved entirely too weak
an adversary to cope sngle-handed with the
chlvalrous intelligence of the French Aus
tria has always relied more upon the intrigues
OF diplomacy than the strength of her arms
1t took the First Napoleon less than wear to
whip her into Submissions and in all his sub
sequent engagements, his French troops beat
her when she had favorable odds in the bat
tle Her tactics are behind the age Her
generals are too much circumscrbed by the
powers in council at Vienna. She has not
kept pace with her neighbors in warike i'm
Proyements; and worse than all, for her
chances of success, her empire, populous and
wealthy as it is, is composed of nationalities
that never can affiliate. Hungary is ripe for
revolt at the first opportunity. She cannot
safely make war with either of the Five Great
European Powers unless she secures powerful
allies. favorable diversion on the part of
Prussia might have crushed the French and
Sardinians in Italy but as soon as it was
plainly made known by Prince Gortchakoff
that Russia would demand no less than the
strict neutrality of the German States and
Prussia, the fate of the campaign was known
Uyif bap
fish policy, at once ceased her grumblngs
at the ambitious projects of Napoleon, and
assumed the position of chief lecturer to the
Austrians.
The first rumors of Franco-Russian alli-
ance proved correct; but Napoleon, by his
sudden declaration of pacific policy, directly
on the heels of two of the greatest victories
of the last century, has baffled all speculations
MS to his ultimate designs. Those who con-
jectured that he was welded to his Uncle's
plan of a French Vice Royalty for the govern
ment of Italy, cannot reconcile the end of the
campaign with their calculations at its begin
ming. Those who believed, in the simplicity
of their hearts, that he was exhausting the
blood and treasure of France for the liberties
of poor enslaved Italia, equally deceived.
And those who thought that the pride of Aus
tria was to be broken for her desertion of Ma
poleon lie Grand, at the Congress of Vienna,
are left to bite their fingers in disappointment.
The black eagle of the Hapsburghs still spreads
her baleful wings over the eastern half Of her
T4oI ;c.I oh,
men, who feared repetition of French harsh
ness and violence to the head of the Christian
Church, are astonshed at the news that Napo-
leon guarantees to the Pontiff the civil Presi-
dency of the embryo Italian Confederacy.
AS basis of peace it is demanded that
Austria cede Lombardy (Which lies contiguous
to Piedmont) to the Emperor Napoleon, who
binds himself to cede it to the King of Pied
mont and Sardinia. So France, apparently,
gains nothing but the glory of the victories of
Montebelo, Magenta and Solerino whilst
Piedmont adds more than a third of her pres
ent area to her territory, and acquires the
splendid city of Milan. AlesS superficial view,
however, leads us to suspect that Napoleon an
ticipates full compensation, in more sub
stantial currency than glory, for all his outlay
of blood and treasure. He will, through the
favor of the Italian Confederacy, and the now
powerful King of Sardinia, whom he has placed
under such high obligations, obtain favorable
treaties for the commerce and trade of France
upon the Mediterranean and if he really med
itates punishment to England in revenge for
Waterloo, he will thus be furnished splendid
opportunity to strike blow which will cripple
her commerce from Constantinople to Glib
ralter.
The peace which has been declared, we arc
told was as much the wish of France as it wa:
to the interest of Austria. This looks quite
reasonable; and it may be further assumed
that it was also the wish of Russia. For the
war could not have continued two months lon'
ger without becoming European. And if i
had spread beyond Italy, the first fresh pon
of assault against Austria would most likely
have been Hungary, which, under kossuth anf
Klapka would have been revolutionized. Thl!
could not have been done without great dan
ger OF q revolt III "HU GA NP''NtNo
the Liberty elements throughout Germany
Under stress of all these Republican uprisings
it cannot be doubted but France herself woulc
have cast glance backward towards l84S anc
1870. He is indeed both a wretched historian
and poor judge of human nature who could
be simple enough to thiuk that the present
Emperor AID once Prssidept of France would
lend hand to Freedom in Europe. As it is
Napoleon has made two powerful friends in
Italy, and perhaps kindled the liyeiest hopes
ia the breast of the great Northern Bear, be-
sides having punished old enemy of France
and kept his plotting subjects out of miscAie
for another year.
STATE AGRICULTURAL FAIR.-The sixth an
r.naa Fair of the Agricultural Society of Cali
fornia will be opened at Sacramento on Tues
day, 10th September next, and cohiinue unit
the 23d. A very great display of Agricultu
raj curiosities and prodiges will doubtless b'
exhibited. We hear of a great many persons
1;etrintS MI ho are DreDariup Il