The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1859-05-28

terest in everything that has relation to the art OF war
and who ID well informed concerning organization and
military OF all the countries of Europe are the
following data given, which, besides interest impaired
eefs the merit OF being very correct.
a. me frencn army 10 magnificent full Of visor, Of en-
thusiasm and OF bravery TIE First Empire had
organized force 80 well rstl full of confidence n
Itself, so capable OF heroic and continuous effort Il liz
conceived that Frarce in the presence of such magnn
cent regiments depg before her eyes and whose pow
is alluded TO by the C5ntssnn can regard ali war Az
an incident which will cause heavy expenses but which
In compensation will bring nm increase OF military glory,
OF which the national spirit OF the ancient Gaus s 10
desirous.
But that which ia unknown 10 France is the position
which this state Of thin gs has produced in Europe.
is evident that French army OF $40 900 men, excited
by the former remembrances, the embems, and the
language OF the First Empire and conducted by captains
Of recognized ability, would be formidable 10 any
nation with whom 1t might enter into st-uggle thus
also, all the governments of tho great European states
have adopted, in Iain sense instinctvey peaceful
paratory.
On one side they have wished TO prove to France
that they do not entertain towards her any feelings Of
hostility, and that they consider that she is free to
dispose Of her desnes own choice and a. no
have so many princes been seen hasteoing 80 give the
chef Of that great country such testimonies OF good under
standing and neighbory intentions.
But notwithstanding they well disposed 70 continue
rs allies and friends Of France the other Powers
replied TO the always increasing augmentation OF it's mill
ary forces by similar dispositions, with the view Of being
prepared for every eveDtuaty and for years past
all the European armies have been reorganzd upon
Powers.
themselves have their disposal 500 900 soldiers
$500 pieces Of artillery BESIDES the territory OF the Con-
federation covered with formidable Notifications, per-
ecry armed and provsoned, which for the greater part
did not eSst In the days of the Of the First Empire
Now here details concerning the OF
Austria and the state Of the forces Of which she dis
pose details which will prove that the part Of
France with the aid of Piedmont against the LON
bardo Venetian possessions, Is military oper alton Of the
| very iii ST order.
| In 1895, 1897 and 1900 Austria and her army were
not what they are at this day. Thsn, at the same
sh,o ,ptatuo IN h.r1
thousand French troops threatened invaded her pos
sessions in Germany, and Italy itself frontier Of
heavy badly organized and badly generaled 70 be CD,
Posed 70 national oops who carried the field Of battle
new system Of tactics, and who were directed by the
greatest warrior and organizer Of modern times. Tho
Tyrol was involved, and with the exception Of Mantua,
then situated out Of the line Of their operations, the i'm
pera generals only possessed great fed OF which
could serve IS the for their movements and opera
| tons.
To-day il general war should break out Austria has
no fear for her German possessions covered by for
resses OF Rasadt Um, IDgostadt, and the fortified and
all her forces into upper Italy which She has known we
how to convert into one vast field OF arms whose key she
has in her power
the strongest that exists in the worlds that Of the
Adgc, whi:h, denuded Of Notifications, nevertheless
secured the immortal operations of General Bonapare
an at ths day, II the men to whom Its defence s
trusted discharge their high mission to the fullest extent
1t will be found little less than impregnabe.
The Aoige Ia the only tributary of the Pc which s
the threats Of the Tyro is erected the famous camp Of
Verona, which commands the whole OF the auences of
the left branch OF the Pc and of the 20 itself Since 1885,
this position then already fearful has been strengthened
by and strong forresses the TWO last above
the heights OF Santa Lucia ~, were constructed only
year ago.
Leenano 10 also fortified Before coming TO the Adjge
there 10 another line, that Of Mncio protected by two
orreeses Of the first order, Peschera and Mantua This
formidable position aided its right by the mounans
OF the TyO whose entrance s also protected by Bresca
and Roca dAnfo and on it's left by the Po whose shores
in case Of necessity be covered by immense nunda
tons, the approaches OF which guard the citadel OF
Ferrara.
In short, Brescelo the citadel of Pacenza and Pizzi
gbetone, protect operations both sides Of Pc and
Of the AIDA.
But that which gives to Austria decided advantage in
all military operations in Upper aly-that which during
ten centuries has subjected those regions to the wide DO
minion OF the German armies, while France has en-
deavored in van at the cost her purest blood 70
establish her supremacy THERE'S the Tyro The ryro
itself from the time Of the Of the First Empire has
come to be one immense fortified garrison of which it
would be dicutto dspossess Austria; southern
and northern slopes is protected by groups Of for
retses; upon the northern slope Sazbourg Kafseir
and The pass Of Lueg on the southern slope are Bor
the pass of Ester Muntz and Francens- Veste (TraI
lofD; and in the rear guard Venice shelters the mill
divisions by means Of Notifications which protect
margin OF the sea, and by citadel which commands
city.
Ii now we take glance at the army destined TO dc
these positions, we shall ind another object for gfs
The Austrian army Of the best organized, sa
perhaps at this day, the most movable body in the
concentrated bodies (corpe) always ready 10 march
has this advantage over the PrussAn army--,hat a
fquadrons are permanent; the Landwehr has been
pressed and replaced by bodies Of reserve which ..
temporal licenses in their houses
>, In Instruction, and in soldiery spirit Of union
du coyps) the Austrian army gives place TO none.
reeu atoms OF its artillery service and it's general
n@avres are perfect and worthy of being inflated.
no longer exists the cele brated Auc War Council
enchained The genius OF its generals; and the most
principles OF the military art taught in exc
and numerous schools.
The infantry is composed of sixty two regiments
line, oil four war batalions besides of grenada
forteo ana one Oh depot and instructit
battalions and one Of reserve; OF battalion
Tittler frontier Of the regiment of chasseurs Of the
OF seven war battalons, and Of deposit of TWEEN
batalions Of carbineers; and lastly, Of three bat
Of troops Of military health. battalion of chass
auached to each brigade Of infantry, and beside e.
company Of infantry Of the line has sixteen mari
called sharp Shooters armed with carbines
Inc cavalry consists of eight regiments of CUR
regiments Of lancers and twelve of huzzars Of
Each regiment has its squadron Of deposit. and
iootng OF the regiments Of the line is $780, and that
hgns I moo 'p7, zoo horses
lery one regiment Of coast artillery, Of fifteen com
and one regiment CT artihcers, who serve twenty
RES OF copgreve rockets.
Each regiment Of the field artillery numbers four
ca batteries o. Six guns, three batteries of lively
Austria horse artillery total, 1853 batteries of egh
mounting about ,S44 cannons and mortars I'm
besides nineteen regiments of gendarmerie
battery OF artillery ia attached to each br,
manGuvres with II always, and follows 1t constan
each division Of infantry two four squadronso
men are attached Each body of the army also cor
park.
The general reserve Of the army independeutl
Tour great divisions and Of The twelve reRimeptal
comprises the reserve Of cavalry, or rather lsJ
Of cayaIry, now chartered in Hungary, and con
by The Prince de Llechtensiein; a great body of
formed formed by the union of the sixty two batalionss
diers, Of the sixty two regiments of infantry OF
Chis body of infantry ia only formed in time of v
lastly, large park Of artillery
The total number Of these arms or Institutes az
corps OF engineers, trains &C., is nearly 8OOC
according to the statistics OF official sources pub
the Headquarters Of the Army (which correspou
Minister Of War in SPAIN, for the year 1855, thu
under arms
!niantry-37l battalions and S2X companies.
Cavalry-265I squadrons
Artilery-l, las pieces of cannon.
With the trains and equipages for bridges &C.,
ing total force of $50 ,902 men and n 900 horse
II is to be observed tina, in 1855 the Austrian