The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1859-08-01


hg the duties and the increased facility OF kaus l
goods rom province 70 province, ~as no" seAssAiy
and RAPIDLY ovsrcame the resistance offered by iocA
rests which always in the hrst 'nstan", obsruc
nures OF general utility.
,Yeat,es OF commerce ais soncr uded With Eop
a, the United States and Turksy, whi,h materially
tened tho import duties on cop noiites coming from
e countries They brought W light the jeaousies be
ZEN the manufacturing and the agricultura interests
ch are incident to every country in certain stage Of
progress which 10 making rapid strides in Industrial
sui1. The eastern PROVINCES towards Poland, which
entirely agricultural, warmly supported the treaty
"a England, which promised 10 give them the ma
scsared articles Of which they stood In need
PAPER and better than they c,uId be made for
N II home; the western provinces, In which
1--we manufactures had made considerable pro-
fss, strongly opposed II, and depored the ruin 4,
destined TO bring the commercial prospects OF their
country. This exactly the cry of the "protectonn
W In this country against the measures Of free trade
ieh have been adopted by Congress
Not content with throwing dowa the barriers which
Psded The commercial intercourse Of the different State
gmng the Zolveren, the Prussian government was in
agable In its endeavors 70 them ali together
solid and durable way by a vast system Of railroads
perceived that these great undertakings would not only
70 up new markets for the industry Of their subjects
cement the fiscal union which was every day en-
reng fresh States and adding 10 the preponderance
rfussa In Northern Germany. Austria has initiated
asia In railway enterprises but kept at long distance
pnd; the lines In Prussia alone exceeding in the num-
OF miles those OF her rival Thus, though Austria is
pna'ly the urs Power in the GermanIc Confederation
has the casting vote In one Of the two assemblies Of
Diet, Prussia more than her equal 10 influence and
hacai substantial power. The Zolveren.was q grand
hcl stroke for Prussia, well az an instrument for
imotipg the manufacturing wealth and commercial
fsperty Of Fasherland.
political effect Of this union says IN eminent writer
been 70 create perfect fusion Of all small and con.
pg interests into one grand confederation having one
nmon interest. By It Prussia has nadonslized In one
M union Northern and South western Germany she has
buired the friendly disposition of an Intelligent moral
uAtion, and by making the petty soveregnties chiefly
for their future the permanence of
unsn, she has rendered their fidelity to her in peace
war the future condition which they can exist ss
Feregns. H. indeed, evident that the spirit and OBJ
Of this confederation have been to unite and strength
Germany as one great nation, by throwing down
e barbados Of material warfare and of international
course, IS also the numerouslne Of customs and cus
ne officers which previously beed every large and pet
Slate in Germany, the removal Of which has laid open an
Interrupted intercourse from the frontiers Of France and
gum to those Of Austria and Russia and from the Alps
The Baltic.
Bat is not le. in s commercial than in its political
lures that the German union has become subject Of
crest to this country. By opening to the people of it's
nponent States free intercourse with each other II
faed for German manufactures market Of some TWEEN
seven millions Of consumers who had before that time
pur offs lad hvt ,o
PCS to the national Industry which, from small begin.
Fgs, has increased until has become formidable ri val
the trade Of Eogaad and which, in many instances, II
In supplantpg completely This has not been
scted by any extraordinary protective duties or heavy
ports upon foreign productions, as will be seen from
rates which were In both in Prussia and other
untries in Germany before the time of the German
nmercial union, when tae tariff upon imported articles
as in many instances higher than the rates charged
\ The Zollverein-but by the method by which the
t'es are ascertained and charged, which Ia by the
eight Of the articles, and which the English pro.
Acer regards - . serious grievance. This system,
swever, prospered in Germany. It has created and
stored the national manufactures and has raised the
srmAnc league into q mercantile and manufacturing
over Of nrst rate importance.
And this is just what wanting for Italy. It possesses
hoPPy
roductops Of Europe. But these gifts neglected
rough long msgovernment; and Italy which with very
tie pains might made independent Of all Europe, is
The state OF agriculture IN the most fertile
0vinces Ia faulty in the extreme. Several districts are
pwever, comparatively well cultivated, particularly
iedmont, Lombsydy, Venice and Tuscany; but those
arts upon which nature has scattered her richest bless
such Naples and the islands Of Sicily and Sardi
formerly the storebouses OF the world-are suffering
nder the evils Of an oppressive feudal system. Italy
ON ito genial climate and from It's ranges OF mountains
bich present every variety Of soil and EXPOSURE might
expected TO abound in the finest wines All these ad
ansages are thrown avay among a lazy and ignorant
eople The greatest committed by the Italian
easany in the culture Of the vne and the ruin Of the
line 10 completed n the manufacture or all countries In
uyope Italy grows the most silk and the Of
10 very well understood, particularly in Piedmont and
ombardy
No progress whatever has been made Id Italy in any
ranch OF manufactures In modern times The Italiang
dependent for almost every object Of industry upon
nglsnd, Germany, France and Switzerland. The trades
who found In the italian to wns are but Indifferent
orkmen and generally inferior to those OF other coun
les 10 in the fine arts, and all that belongs
, these, that the Italians are most distinguished,
nd no country In Europe has produced 30 many
.mous artists. Their goldsmiths and jewellers
FORK with great taste, and their spectacles,
slescopes and barometes stu preserve their ancient re-
utaton. Italy taught Europe the growing Of silk &C.
oa Florence, Milan, Turin and Venice produced in the
ddle Ages the finest gold and silver bro,ades damasks
elses silk stockings and ribbons and these articles are
till manufactured in Italy, but not in the same guam .ty,
md good In other countries The glass and mir
or manufactures Of Venice have outlived their ancient
equation, and china and stone ware, though
invented in Italy, are manufactured much better
o France, Germany and England Iron is only
Ve wrought in the neishborhood OF Brescia Paper is
ood and parchment excellent The soap Of Venice in
which the finest soda and oil used much esteemed
inc agricultural and the manufacturing interests Of Italy
would receive q tremendous impetus by commercial
esgue.
As to the foreign commerce Of Italy, there was time
vhen that country ourished In all the arts Of peace The
lee Of Venice Genoa and Pisa covered all seas and the
ches Of the world then known brought by way