The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1858-12-08
INTERESTING FROM sOVTH AMERICA.
Paraguay and Its Ruler-Sketch or ats Past
Htstory-AGric ulture, Manufactures, Popu-
la,ion and Recommendations In Buenos
Ayrss-PoIitics and Policy OF the Confedera-
n-Kesignation of General Urqliza.

Hfstory-Agric ulture, Manufactures POpu-
IatIon and Recommendations In Buenos
Ayres-Poitics and Policy Of the Confedera-
ticn -Kesignation Of General Urquiza.
OUR DuENos AyREs CORRESPONDENCE.
BuxSos AYRKs Oct o. 1858.
Prroguoy-Lops,s Clarater-Ths County-Terba Mo-
nopoly-P roducs-siannf actaues-Language-R Religion
7hTeats DC
Paraguay assuming Importance all the world not
because OF any newly acquired characteristics but on
account of the pertinaciy of its selfish rannca imbe
Gle President Since ls4l Lopez has managed remain
at the head of Paraguayan affairs He is corpueIt
coarse, vain, cruel, selfish and ignorant He is the go
vernmcn he DEGREES makes treaties and violates
them monopoze the trade in tea and tobacco and the
head at Of the law, Legislature judiciary and
tive, and also OF the church.
The country itself is one of the finest on the globe.
There the first Spanish conquerors fixed their first abode
and government and there the Jesus established their
celebrated strongholds 1t is the China Of South America
furnishing tea in larger quantities and better than any
other portion This tea the powdered leaves and twgs
Of the Hex Paraguayenss tree which grows much like
apple tree and will bear trimming for many years
the young branches only used The prepared tea is
called yerta the drink prepared from mate, and is
the Indispensable beverage Of all South Americans.
The jealous eyes of Spain early fell the productveness
Of Paraguay and seeing forty thousand tons of the yerba
annually exported and four thousand Of tobacco
Spain monopozcd both these and nearly ruined the
commerce in both.
Dr.. Francia, who the autocrat of Paraguay for
many years previous to Lopez followed the example of
Spain monopoles and Lopez shuts and closes ports,
ordains prices aud compcls sales himself the
approved style OF an irresponsible depot
Paraguay produces many kinds Of valuable timber, cot
ton sugar oranges cocoa coffee and that subs
tu,e for bread in all primitive forms Of civilization.
Exuberant the soil ii is cultivated with neither
skill industry The plough is made of wood without
iron and the harrow top clean spin cotton
there is not machine in the country, and is woven by
itinerant weavers who carry their looms about horse
back and tie the machine while they do the little
job OF weaving.
Wheat il mostened and then beaten in a mortar.
The clothing of the people is mostly OF their
facture poor and scany. Col Graham tells OF seeing
boys and girls totally unfurnishcd except with hats
which he says ordered be worn to make fair
show OF obeisance when they meet his Hghness.
The people are well with the Indian popu
laton so that they Indian than Spanish.
The forms Of religion preserve with many impcrectons
their signs of European origin but the language of the
common people and their habits show the relationship to
the Guarni Lazy thrif,less of few wants and amb
tion shut by position and by hostile exclusivcness
totally useless.
1t is understood here that President Lopez will continue
to buster till he the o.ia under command of Capt
Page and he will then pay the claimed. The
papers full Of threats of demolition against
the doomed craft that shall approach their shores.
BrEyos AyREs, Oct. "a, 1855
Business at Bueno Ayre-Progress Scsncs-Meiioal-
Gold Ftrer-DitTerentiai DISQUALIFICATION IF Ur-
quisa-Tco Treaties Nth Bra-i--Mdsonic 4gitaon, dc
In the midst of pros,ration of general business re-
mndng o. the paralyzng effects OF siege, city
of Bueuos Ayres steadily improves Business itself
pera,es Markets, improving at home, advance cores
pondngly here, We wanting in the ordinary cle
mens of aggression and prosperity that mark your
country.
In science there inquiries in progress that viii make
this country better known especially TO the naturalist
Mons Bravard, long the pupil and sometime fellow Ia
borer Of Cuvier, has been here for years making
searches chiefly geological but including the natural sci
ences generally course Of popular lectures, delivered
bv your the pastor Of the American church
has contributed 10 call attention the subject of geology
generally, and to that OF this country particularly.
The Rerita fd'p,cceriod the title Of medical
quarterly Of sixty four pages which has just appeared
that able discussion and valuable medical Information
will compare well with similar publications in North Anne
RIGA THIS Is the first medical periodical OF South America
The gold fever RACES san LUIS province Of the Ar
g,ntne Republic hitherto wild aud uncultivatel region
The gold found IN large grams, ana often IN nuggets and
after a months work increases IN the richness OF the
proceeds wherever men have worked. The loose footed
men who love god docking in large numbers 20 the
Province and the government has RENTED military duty
all who 20 work in the mines. seems this far TO
exceed In richness any part Of South America hitherto
worked for the precious metals.
Urauiza the ambitious President 81 the Argentine Re-
public has endeavorcd u add 10 the srngeucy Of the
direrenal duties which looked towards making Rosario
the seaport the interior, instead Of Buenos Ayrcs.
Congress sustained him in the matter first proposed
which enough: but when he wished TO make
the punishment still heavier upon this rcvoed province
and commercial rival the Congress did not sustain him.
and pculanty he resigned, but the resignation was not
accepted
The Argentine Confederation have Just completed two
IMPORTANT treaties with Brazil one cedng To Braz
square leagues Of land and In return they obtain the
right send beef into Brazil free Of duty The other
treaty by which Brazil reclaim fugitive slaves In the
Argentine territory. Brazil II an imitation IN South Anne
| rica Of What Russia " in Europe.
Masonry IN It's morals H. objects, its religion has fur
nshed theme for the last months discussion, that has
agated all classes Of the people The clergy Of the
try have denounced the order imrous, and have
produced the spirit Of the Papa interdicts against the
undertaken 70 establish asylum for the poor, prose
cuted II with great energy, and about a week ago II
reached dedication. Contrary 10 the custom OF the
counr, such occasions the clergy all refused 10 be
present The Governor made an admirable address, and
declared the institution duly installed. About twenty
thousand men witnessed with the utmost decorum, the
opening services have just returned from visiting u
and nnd il exceed size. food, clothing, neatneSs
economy aud kindness the pooh0uscs OF any part OF the
United States that have seen.
NEWSPAPER ACCOUNTS.
BY the arrival at this port of the slip Parana have
letters papers to Oct % fourteen days later thar