The daily exchange. [volume] (Baltimore, Md.) 1858-1861, 1858-08-31
HOW TO MAKE GOOD CIDER.

There is hardly a 1.-THE of cider made now as
compared with forty years ago. Many of the old
orchards have died out and the temperance reform
has prevented their renewal. The market for fine
fruits has greatly expanded, and nearly all the
Uees now planted are far the production of market
apples. 1t took eight bushels of apples to make
barrel of cider, and the barrel sold for only ST. APP
III LPruS now bring every year from 50 cents to 81
It FRUIT growers can hardly be expected to
.iliGt @ 'ne change that is much for their pecuni
Yet cider is still made all over the country in
saLl lu'lttle: some for the apple butter, some for
vIln9egali Id9 ana sun more fora beverage When bot
ued ana properly handled it as as palatable. and
much more wholesome, than most of tha wines Of
commerce. In affections of the kidnevs il is an ex-
ceent remedy, and should have place in every
we-apponted cellar. 1t is a matter of some innor-
tance that what cider is made should be made in
! the best mannar.
The apples should be well ripened but not in the
rot in it should be removed if you wish a firstrate
beverage. The decayed and inferior apples may be
reserved for making vinegar. Perfect cleanliness
should be observed in the grinding process, which
should be performed two days before pressing, and
the pomace be permitted to stand and mellow in
the vat, until it assumes Il deep red color. Clean
dry straw should be used in forming the cheese
If the straw be musty the flavor will be communi-
Gated to the juice If water be added. it will make
1t hard and unpleasant to the taste The casks also
in which it is put for fermentation should be thor
oughly cleanSed and finished off with fumigatiOn
OF birthstone This is done by burning inside the
barrel few strips of canvas. dipped in melted
birthstone The fumes will penetrate all the pores
and destroy the must and correct the sourness.
After the fermentation is over draw off into clean
barrels and clarity it. This can be done by mixing
quart OF clean, white sand with the whites of half
dozen eggs and pint of mustard seed and pouring
it into the barrel 1t may stand in the BARREL or if
a nice article is wanted it should be put into quart
bottles and corked.
This cider will be fit to drink in case of sickness,
and will always bear good price in market 1t
retails at twenty-five cents bottle, and would
bring at least two dollars dozen, by the quantity.
This is much better business than to make a poor
article from decaycd apples, in sloveny manner,
and sell it for two dollars barrel
INSTRUMENT FOR EXAMINING THE EYE.-An ingeni-
Gus instrument, says the Scientific american. called
the opthalmoscope, by the aid of which the eye
may be internally examined, has recently been in
troduced to the notice of the scientific world. The
instrument Is in the form of cOncave mirror, with
hole in the centre, in which lens is inserted, and
to this another lens is added, which, however, is
separated and movable. When the instrument is
used, lighted candle is placed on the side of the
patient The concave mirror is then held in front
OF the eye to be examined. while the movable lens
is suspended between the light and mirror in such
manner as to concentrate the rays of the first on
the second. The reflected ravs converge on the the
retina, and on passing through it, diverge and
der luminous the whole interior of the eye, which
the observer can see by looking through the lens
placed in the mirrors centre. The retina and the
lens form microscope, the multiplying power of
which is about five hundred.
HoMcDE AT FNCASTLE-BANK PRESIDENT KILLED.
AT Fncastle, BOtetourt county, Va, on the 26th
instant James Mcdowell, President of the Farm
ers Bank of that place, was shot in his office, by
Henry w. Bower, highly respectable AID wealthy
! farmer Of the county. Mr.. i. entered the office
and fired on Med three times, each ball taking
such fatal effect that the wounded man died short
ly afterwards. The asSaant then walked off and
gave himself up to the officers of justice. The
Lynchburg Iirginion says that the cause of this
event was ga domestic difficulty, in which Mr..
McD. and member of Mr.. Bowers family
involved" The deceased was once prominent in
Virginia politics, and during the administration
Of President Polk, United States Consul at
Glasgow.
FLORIDA INDIAN NEws.-We learn from Manu..
that party of seven Indians and Il negro interpre
ter from the hunting ground, were seen on the 18th
! inst, by Mr.. Bazely, who had long talk with
them the result Of which we have not been able to
learn, further than that they had seen the white
llagS which have been flying since the close OF hos
tilities, and being on hunt, stopped for whskey
and powder-ncither of which was given them
They perfectly friendly and when told that
the war had been closed for some time, and that
Bowlcgs had emgrated to the West, they seemed
much surprised. They live with their people at the
Hunting Ground.-Key Of the GmLf, Aug. u.
THE SUNKEN SHIPs.-A writer in the Boston
! CoWrier contradcts the statement recently pub
lshed as part of the foreign news by the Canada,
that the effort to raise the ships sunk at Sebastopo
! is a failure. Instead Of having raised one rotten
! ship, two in perfect condition, have been raised
]
/ Turk, a war steamer. The company is also at work
upon the Gwegni, Danube, and Karvana, with
every prospect Of success. The same writer repre-
sents that the Government has entered into en-
gagemcnts, much more favorable to the company.
John H. w. Hawkins, the well known temper
ancc lecturer and agent, died suddenly few days
SINCE at the residence of his son. in Parkersburg,
Chester county, Pennsylvania. Mr. Hawkins was
about sixty years Of age. lie of the six in
temperate Baltimore mechanics who started the
celebrated ''WaShingtonian' or (moral suasion)
temperance movement in 1871, and from that period
continued increasingly to labor in the cause, having
never been known to relapse from the path of
stant sobrety.
The Milwaukee Sentinel, alluding to the demon
stration against portion of the banks of WiscOn-
sin, says: "Thc explanation is, that the throwing
out Of these banks by the Chicago brokers is a
mere trick of the trade; the said brokers immedi-
atey buying up the diScredtcd currency at a shave
OF 10 to ~ per cent, when they know perfectly
well that it is abundantly secured and worth par"
The London Times still continues to urge the
United States to the absorption of Mexico. The
Liverpool Mercury says that ''unless Mexico speed
| lily mcnds its ways, or be absorbed by the United
States, it will stand good chance of having an
allied expedition sent to crush its incvility and
wrong doing"
WHALERs.-The number of whaling vessels lying
at our wharves at the present time is fifty, COM
prsing thirtvsix ships, thirteen barques and one
brig At Fairhavcn, seven ships and six barques.
The number of whaers that have arrived at New
Bedford this years. SiXty-one. Eight or ten more
expected, which VIII complete the list for the
season.-Netc Bedford Mercury.
THE PARAGUAY ExrEDTIoN.-We learn from the
National Inteihgencer that Commodore Shubrick
has been selected by the Navy Department to com
mand the expedition to Paraguay, and will proceed
to his station in the Sabine frigate now ready for
sea at New York. Com. S. will have squadron of
twelve or fourteen vessels under his command, with
considerable force of marines.
The first execution which has taken place in the
State of Maine for twentv-three wears occurred on
! Low in at Statn he m
| of the brig Albion CoOper-Abraham Cox and Peter
! Williams-sufiered the extreme penalty of the
law about IL A. NJ, after full confession OF their
! guilt.
Two Young men robbed a saloon at Franklin, n
! H. one dav On the following day they were in
| dicted by grand jury, arraigncd, pleaded guilty,
and were sentenced to three years each in the State
| prisOn-cOmmitting the CRIME ana receiving sell
| tencc in less than six hours.
The Van Buren, Ark hteUigencer of the 18th,
saws that large number of horses mules and stages,
belonging to Buttereld & Co., contractors for car
! rying the overland mail to California, passed
! through that place on Monday the 9Th, to take
! their stands on the Albuquerque route.
The Sparta (Tenn. Times publishes the marriage
! of joseph Rogers, aged 92 years, to Miss Nancy
| Chandler, aged 25 years. BY this marriage, Mr..
Rogers becomes brotherin-aw to his grandson, his
grandson having married his wites SISTER, some nj
| teen or twenty years since.
! The Fredericksburg Recorder has an article on
| the increased and increasing value OF the lands
around Fredericksburg, and in relation to the
water mower at that place which ought, of ITSELF
! to make it a thriving and hourishing town.
The Sante Fe gazette says that party of emf
grants who had arrived at that place. originally
| bound for Arizona have determined to return to
the States and intimates that this is the wisest
thing they could do
Can't. Davmen and four officers of the Gorgon
with lieutenant and four officers of the Indus pro
ceeded to New York, via New Brunswick, in ac-
cordance with the kind invitation of the Common
! Council, and will reach New York on the 3lst of
| August
The North British Daily Nail says that &5 900
has been already subscribed in Glasgow, for the re-
lief of the most distressed shareholders in the West
! ern Bank of Scotland. many of whom have heen