New-York daily tribune. [volume] (New-York [N.Y.]) 1842-1866, 1858-05-21

10 besry double its former sise The opening being in
creased to about twice the area The cylinder having
piece. Of timber; Ssse and other alterations were ne
c.ssariy performed in roogh way hut ~ The result
proved, on true principles. TIE repairs ooeu-
pied about four Gays, and oy the follosins
again and set TO wo,k, Il Gas kept pumping all
Ikmsdsy, and by the Friday afternoon the pit
cleared Of water and the soIkmen we're sent " the
bottom" Stephenson had promised. The Aters-
tobs titus Effected 10 The engine aud in the pumping
sppsrs proved completely successful. and Stephsn-
SON III as q pumPcnrer became the marvel OF the
Deghborbood.
Blu, We mutt hasten TO the epoch Of his inyel.
tons. BY which the art Of transportation has been
made 10 change the face Of the world.
A rude hind Of roway vas introduced at the col
Eeries on the Tyne, so early ~ $780, Il consisted
Of a line Of wooden or IRON rails laid down for the
easier guidance Of wagons in which coal was hauled
from the pit TO the shipping plscs. This germ Of
the modern railroad, planted by some unknown
hand grew TO maturity st q, low pace. In 1876,
old Roger North describes the way leaves" which
be saw near Newcastle A century later (1770-72)
they were found in common Use by Arthur Young.
Twenty. five years before that (l745) they existed
ia the coHiery districts Of Scotland The first iron
haven in l73s In I776, cast-iron railway, nailed
TO wooden ,eepers, was laid down at q colliery
near Sheffield. In 1859, the castiron edge rail,
with AaDges on the wagon. " heels Was introduced
in Leicestershire in 1900, stone props instead OF
timber for supporting the functions Of the rails
were invented in Derby shire by Mr.. Outram, from
whom such roads received the name Of "Outram"
sJs catlad fnr tha SAX If
brevity, tram -rosds. From this time the use
of tram roads rapidly extended, and they were at
length generally adopted in the mining districts The
progress of railroads was indeed great, that they
began 10 alarm the canal interests. The Duke of
Bridgewater, when congratulated by Lord Kenyon
on the successful issue of his canal system replied,
not without prophetic shudder "Yes, we shall
do well enough if We can keep clear of these ID
tram oads-theres mischief in them"
Thus far, the improvements had been confined al
mos. entirely TO the rosd. The wagons were drawn
only by horses. The next step was TO substitute
some sort Of mechanical power for horse power.
Inventions and projectors were "plenty as black
berries" One suggested the use Of sails. which
was fayorite hobby with the fsther of Maria Edge
worth, lwhO had d firm faith that wind and weather
being favorable, good land voyages might thus be
accomplished. But the most plausible scheme was
the application of steam Oh the high pressure prn-
ciple. Solomon de Caus, aliyely Frenenman, seems
to have been the first TO conceive the idea. This
was in 1915, when he Published "A work on the sub
ject. He was shut up in mad house for his pains.
The Marquis of Worcester paid him visit in
Bicitre, was much struck with his appearance, and
afterward embodied portion Of his book in his
Century Of Inventions" Savary, the Cornish
miner and engineer, proposed the use of the high
pressure engine for purposes of lOcomotiOn, but
took DO measures TO carry out the suggestion In
1859 the subject 1ds introduced to James Watt by
Dr. Robinson then student ut Glasgow College.
But the scheme was not matured and Ultimately
fell through. Other inventors were in the field at
the same time. In 1869, one Moore, linen dra-
per of London took out patent for moving wheel
carriages by steam. The same year, 10 the patent
taken by Watt, specification was made Of a simi-
lar invention But no carriage was built by either
of them. The first actual model of stean-car-
rage, of which We have written account, was
constructed by Frenchmsn named Cugnot who
exhibited ii before Marshal SAKE in 1863. In 1772,
Oliver Evans, in this country, invented steam
carriage to travel on common roads, and IN Io7
obtained from the State of Maryland an exclusive
right for its use. His invention, however, was
never carried into effect. William SymingtOn,
claimant for the invention Of the steamboat, con-
structed the model OF steam. carriage, IN lIoo, In
Scotland, but he soon abandoned the scheme ior
that of steam navigation. The first English model
of "A steam.carriage was made in 17e4 by irlend
and assistant of Watt, named William Murdoch.
" II was Oh the high-pressure principle, and ran on
three wheels. The boiler was heated by a spirit
lamp; and the whole machine was OF very diInn-
utiye dimensions, standing little more than a foot
high Yet on one occasion, the Little engine went
80 fast that it ouran the speed of IFS inventor. one
night, after returning from his duties in the mine at
Redrutb. in Cornwall, Murdoch determined to try
the working of his model locomotive. For this puE
pose. he had recourse to the walk leading to the
church. about mile from the town. The walk was
rather narrow and was bounded on either side by
high hedges. 1t was dark night, and Murdoch set
out alone to try his experiment Having LII ms
lamp the water shortly began to boil aud of started
the engine with the inventor after 1t. de s0on
heard distant shouts of despair. 1t was too dark 10
perceive objects; bat he shortly found, on iono"
ing up the machine, that the cries for assistance
proceeded from the worthy pastor Of the pansh'
who, gopg tow ard the town on business, was met
ON this lonely road by the Kissing and fiery little
! monster, which he subsequently declared be mad
taken to be the Evil One in prorrd persona. No
- hu Nurdnch