The daily exchange. [volume] (Baltimore, Md.) 1858-1861, 1858-04-07
From the Paris Pat,fe, March 7.
RECENT TREATIES WITH JAPAN

RECENT TREATIES WITH JAPAN.
The negotiations with Japan had in 1856 as yet a
very indifferent success. Three ports of that en-
pire Hakodadi, Simoda and Nangasaki were open
to the fac of four Christian nations-the United
States, England Russia and the Netherlands-but
they open only ports of refuge and tor sup
plying provisions Commerce remained as in past
times, limited to the Chinese and Dutch.
Nothing more miserable than that privileged
commerce of the Dutch apart from all regard to the
vexatious conditions to which it was subjected
Some articles imported for the use of the Emperor
and the grandees and as return freight) copper to
quantity of camphor and number of morning
gowns-such the kampshanel or tariff of the
government The traffic in some other articles to
the amount of little over one hundred thousand
francs was for a long time rented under the denOm
nation of kambanghandel.
The Dutch government was endeavoring as much
possible to enlarge the circle of its relations.
The lease of the lessee of the Northumberland was
bought off, and trade privileges permitted to pri
vate individuals, whose first operations seem tc
have been profitable New patterns of return arti
Giles sent to Batavia and an authorization tc
European tissues was obtained from the japanese
government.
But still this was nothing. The unequivocal dis
positions of portion of the inhabitants awakened
the hope that the throwing open of Japan to
commerce was not far Off and from that- moment
the Netherlands government tried with redoubled
activity to attain this end -
The means it employed were praisewerthy; it was
by benefits and prominent services that it endeav
ored to gain the favor of the government and the
inhabitants. scientific library, and col
lection of model instruments were established
at Desima learned Dutchman delivered lee
lures on chemistry and mechanics; a Dutch engi
neer was charged with instructing them in the bes
modes OF working mines; the Emperor was Offered
steamboat, and this present was accepted will
enthusiasm. What the Japanese government haC
most desired was to possess a war navy on a Eu
ropean footing. The Cabinet of the Hague, with
nnf llnA1t
nevertheless deemed itself bound to accede to a de
sire which was legitimate in ITSELF At momen
when the relations of Japan with the foreign coun
trles became more active, it thought that it woul,
not be friendly to refuse it the means of defending
II necessary, its independence. Therefore it per
mItted that on the Dutch wharves three screw
scnooners should be constructed for the Japanes
navy, and charged detachment of marines to di
rect the education of native .crew-an undertak
ing which, according to the last news, has beef
crowned with complete success.
The price hoped for all those services was the set
ting trade free Fifteen additional articles joinet
TO the dehntlve treaty, which in 1856 had replace,
former convention, were proposed bv the Dutcl
Commissioner to the authorities of Nanpasaki.-
These articles prove at the same time the humiliat
ing situation to which for so long time the Holland
ers mad submitted, and the deep change effected b,
the course of events They in particular stipulated
the admission of women and children into the port
open to commerce, the free exercise Qfhe Christian
religion, the ,abolishing of the odip atice o
ty OF selling to and buying from the 4hts O.
the country, and lastly, the extens 20 foreign
nations which had entered or would enter into
.reates with Japan of aLthe rights accorded to the
Netherlands government.
The manner in which those liberal proposition:
were at first received, the delays, the shiftings
which were resorted to, betrayed all hope of the
Dutch government. Under the impression of this
defeat, 1t had last year decided not to abruptly
change its policy, but to show less complacency and
not to accede to different demands of war mum
tons and other articles necessary to the defence OF
the country until the court of Yeddo should show
signs OF better sentiments. Now We know that that
court was making its last resistance and was near
yielding.
~, The following is the account of what happened
The fifteen additional articles gave place to forty
other articles under date of October 16 1857 which
organize the new system of relations to which Ia
pan has consented. Commerce is permitted in the
Two ports of Nangasaki and Hakodad The ton.
mage duties on vessels, the import duties on mer-
chandlses-duties fixed at IS per cent, ad raoren-
the mode OF sale of and payment for said merchan.
discs and all formaties consequent to the superin-
tendence OF commerce, are specified in detail More
than one restriction still subsists Thus the impor.
tation OF opium is prohibited, as also the exporta
ton OF the specie of the country the Japanese gov
eminent reserves to ITSELF in certain cases. the bro
hpitlon OF expectation of provisions, and even,
without giving any reason, that of wax and paper;
i,ro retains monopoly of the export of different
Proaucts, especially of copper. But, in a word, a
decisive result has been obtained which cannot but
extend In the course of time
Alter the additional articles there follow special
declarations still more important. One of them adj
mlts women and children into the ports open to
commerce; another aboshes the practice of tramp.
mig under loot the image of Christ. The most re-
m MAJ OF all them is couched in these terms:-
ne japanese government is ready to conclude
similar treaties with all civilized nations, including
Portugal" 1t is known that it was the RELIGIONS
zeal OF the Portuguese missionaries which, two cen
teres ago, provoked the exclusion of all Europeans
with the exception Of the Dutch
A short time before these concessions had been
made to the Netherlands and through them to the
whole world, the Consul fthe United States at ST
moda had concluded Gin June II, 1851 new trea
ty, the text of which was published by the Ameri
can newspapers. The new faculties stipulated fol-
by that treaty have but small Importance in compar
lson with those for which we indebted to Dutch
diplomacy.
Without being ungrateful to the latter, the honor
OF them is perhaps, not to be exclusively attributed
to it. The attitude of France and England in the
Chinese sea was, perhaps not without an influence
on the decision of the Court of Yeddo However
that may be, the capture of Canton and its conse
quences will surely confirm this decision