The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1858-01-07


all the great staples of tropical produce The Islands
which in the old times supplied so much sugar Coffee and
cotton going out OF cultivation, while Cuba, the
United States and Brazil every day extending
the of their cultivation and the number Of
Cuba that, in spite OF treaties and penal laws, CRUZ
and bockades, thousands OF Africans are yearly
carried across the Atlantic to work on the sugar
and tobacco plantations The wealth OF the island such
that in spite Of msgovernment oppressive taxes, and
Spanish army of rs 600 men, its proretors are among
deed folly 10 expect any change in that quarter Slavery
the North American continent has extended is extend
ing will extend As long as the supplies of cotton
below the demand in all the markets Of the world,
long will slave labor be too valuable 20 be parted with.
Even the Northern slave States, which but few years
ago discussing the gradual abandonment Of the sys
tenn, silent about abolition, Immediate pros
pecve Their slaves at present great their
greatest source Of wealth If they cannot cultivate their
lands they breed negroes TO supply the pana
tons in the South. may be declared that the attacks
Of aboitionists and the interference q the North
the of this determination to uphold slavery but
sensible will believe that irritation and obsti
macy could lead to such great results The existence Of
slavery an economical question: and long the sys-
tenn is profitable cannot doubt that il will be main
tanned. Much the same may be said with respect TO
Brazil, where the institution prevails with features Of
cruelty unknown evenin the worst OF times under Eng
hsh rule.
Now, to these countries have given a monopoly Of
products which the chief basis Of our industry
among the chief sources Of our revenne. They are be-
coming rich powerful arrogant, every day less inclined
be guided by English couDsels moved by English
reference With all the readiness which sefinterest in
duces they have learnt the arguments against limiting
slavery ana slave importation, from our mshaps,
know Judgments of failure, from their prosperity,
and from dependence upon them They have the law
of patons Their side, and may quote 1t in answer TO
assertion OF our rights to interfere in the cause OF hui
manly They free nations, and Africa free coast
Negroes necessary TO raise the cotton sugar, coffee
and tobacco which the world wants The white man
not work under tropical sun; and unless the African be
used as aborer the iarest regions OF the New World
must remain desert In fine negroes must be had at
any cost and no nation has right to impose its scru
pulosty other free communities England has ruined
her cobnies, that reason why she should seek
to check the progress of the whole American continent
Such the Kind of reasoning which is becoming more and
more common every day; and We depend upon that,
IN some form or under some preteX', Tue
ate mp 50 obtain supply of negroes from the coast
Africa The recent importation into the French colonies
has naturally aroused their attention. and is no wonder
that hear it asked why few cargoes OF such "eni-
grants" could not be brought TO New Orleans Sayan-
nah there to be settled according 10 the domestic nstu
tons of the State With Ii is renewed vitality Of slavery,
owing to the rapidly increasing value OF the slave we have
now 10 deal.
And it is not by pre- aching protesting threatening
depouncng, that the objects of humanity can be attain
The last generation content 10 be merely destrc
tires; they broke doun the slave system in te West Indies
whoat attempting TO replace ty better, and ne conse'
queace has been the multiplication of the former eui and
deepening If the guilt in Which pe indirectly par
tc,pate consumers Of the sare raised produce.
After twenty years experience we are now called upon
to provide a remedy. On all sides we hear the same
crythe colonies are pershng for want of sufficient
labor By additional supplies alone can the principle Of
free labor in the tropics be vndcated and q real blow
struck at the niqutes against which have long de
u
the Council immigration for the Island of Trinidad
Which shows how British colony may decay while all
around il is hourshng If Trinidad had remained under
Spanish sway, might, in spite of tyranny and misrule
be the wealthy island which ia position and fertility
would naturally make it, But We learn that although the
island contains $50 COO yet the extent of all the
land under cultivation is only about 50 s07 acres and
OF this the sugar plantations cover only 4059
acres The entire number OF agricultural laborers
working for wages the cultivation of sugar
is only 1000 a whom nearly 600 are Immigrants from
India and China, introduced at the public expense II is
hvf
the negro who, is stated 'wll not be stimulated 10
greater industry by any increase Of wages Ana at the
present the planters would gladly obtain labor by
advance of wages The high price Of sugar and other
tropical productions has stimulated enterprise greater
extent Of land being brought under CULTIVATION and all
that is wanted for the Development of tae colony is
supply OF hands Such the fertility and the abundance
of land that he expense of establishing on virgin land
estate capable Of producing $50 hogsheads OF sugar.
including the cost of machinery and buildings, would not
exceed 900 sterling But with the present supply of
labor even the present production of the colony cannot
be kept up The coonss therefore beg the government
to assist them in obtaining immigrants from China and
India. The colony says the report, could without diff
Guilty meet the expense Of Introducing and without risk
find employment for 500 Chinese immigrants" But II Is
TO Britsh India that the colony chiefly looks. Under
a Tree system the Coolies work better than Afri
cans. The former ambitious and work Tor
wages; the latter go of and squat in remote dis
tricts content TO support life on little. Now this
document comes, think, OPPORTUNITY at present
There be no doubt that slavery Will once more
gain the ascendant unless carry ont plan of free Ia
Dor Our colonies IN the West the field for such scheme,
oly engire in The East may furnish he idiorers and The
hold shall hare asia oi fdcitiesf for doing
hat ue ,csh Whether We should send utinous Sepoys
across matter hardly yet ripe for decision;
bu, think they TO be transported where they
may well people Trinidad as the Andamans or any
Asatic island But evident that the whole question
West INDIAN cultivation must be examined. and
with such colonies Jamaica Trinidad and Guina, there
nc why should not show that the culture Of
the tropics by free labor is not the mpossibty which
TIC rartisans Of slavery represent
Imperial Decree for the Partial Enfranch ise-
ment OF the Serfs.
An imperial rescrpt dated from Tzarskoc selo the Goth
Nov fold stye), Dec Of oJU calendar, has Just been
addressed by Alexander H. to the Military Governor Of
Vino and tho Governor General OF Grodno and kovno, In
tween Tho peasan,ry and the landed propre,ors Of the
country. II s accompanied by au explanatory letter Of
instructions from the MINISTER Of the Interior ianskoi,
and circular addressed by him N all the civil and mill
tsry governors and the marshas Of the pobiny
throughout all the governments OF the Russian empire in
tmaDg that the Fame may be adopted In the
other provinces which have been definitely applied
10 the provinces above named. These documents are
published by L. Nord, Of Brussels, simultaneously with
their official publication at 81 Petersburg They
confirmation, In degree, Of the repeated statements
made by that Journal and by the Nep P,sidn Gdste,
OF Berlin relative W the intended emancipation of the
sers in Russia, statements which noticed Mt the time.
The following Is the text Of the imperial rescript:
Special conSttees established In the governments Of
Wine Koyno and Groslno and composed Of the marshas
Of the nobility and some other landed proprietors had
been charged with the examination OF the system Of In
venories which force throughout those provinces
The Minister Of the Interior has made scauant
ed with the good intentions evinoed by those committees
with 10 tho peasants the three governments
Fully approving Of the Of these Representa-
ves Of the nobility Of the governments Of Kovno Vino
and Grodno, being agreeable to my views and my de-
sree authorize thai nobility TO proceed from and after
this day. 70 the elaboration Of the necessary for
putting into execution the plans OF the said committees al
ways condition that the work ~ be but progressively
accomplished 10 disturb the economic organize
present operating in the estates Of the nobility.
For this purpose ordain -
l. That from and after this day an executive committee
thal he established each OF the three governments
aforesaid and afterwards general commission for those
fxIttr cha In M
2 Each committee presided by the marshal of the
nobility In that government shall be composed Of the fol-
lowing membcrs;-one landowner from each district,
chosen by and from amongst the noble possessors OF In
habted lands in the district two members chosen from
amongst the intelligent landowners Of the govern
province.
3. The general commission shall he composed of the
following persons-Two members OF each Of the poyn-
cia committees chosen by the committees themselves
one intelligent andow each government nominated
BY the Govcrpors from amongst the most enlightened Of