The daily exchange. [volume] (Baltimore, Md.) 1858-1861, 1858-05-08
EIGN.
THE MAILS OF THE EUROPA.
From the London Daily Ne1cs, lipriI 24l
NEW PAYING OUT MACHINERY OF THE

Nothing
~ can work more freely and admirably than the
whole apparatus. We understand that it has been
Inspected by some of the first mechanical engineers
who have expressed their unqualified appreciation
OF the arrangements which have been made to avoid
all the untoward accidents to which the cable NAV
be subjected
Our readers will remember that it was owing to
some defect IN, or mismanagcment Of the payinr-out
apparatus that the failure in laying down the cable
last year took place. The tension to which the cable
Is subjected in passing out of the ship is owing TO the
weight OF thar portion which has not as vet touched
the bottom and constitutes the force by which the
other portion is uncoiled from the wheels or drums
over which it is passed inits evolution from the hold
oi the ship. The greater this tension the greater the
speed with which it will pass out of the ship ifmeans
be not taken to check its progress. Mechanical aids
were devised to obtain this check, and accommodate
the paying out of the cable to the rate of the shps
motion. These consisted of friction drums so ap-
Piled as to retard the progress of paying out The
friction being regulated by brakes as the ship rose
ana 1ell with the sea the pressure the cable was
necessarily increased diminished. When the swell
caused any sudden descent of the stern of the vessel
1T was necessary to the brakes. In the old ma
chnery the handle of the brake could be turned so
as either to increase or diminish its power. The man
In charge OF the brake, instead of turning so as to
ease 1t, IS supposed in the excitement of the mo-
ment to have turned it the wrong way. Thus the
iatai rupture was made. To obviate such calam-
lty as this for the future, the whole paying out
apparatus has been remodecd. The brakesman
can ease the retardng apparatus, but can add moth
ing to its power. Any addition to the frictionol
retardation can only be made by and with the full
eoghlzance OF the principal engineer in Charge
The friction brakes are applied to the circumference
OF wheels firmly attached to the axles of the pay
ing-out apparatus They are the selfadiustino
brakes invented by the ingenious Mr.. Appold, to
prevent prisoners condemned under the system of
crank labor from having more than their fair share
OF work to do. This contrivance has been aiapted
to the paying-o machinery by Mr. Field of the
hrm OF Maudslay, Sons Il Field The details have
Deen brought into working order and numerous
mechanical difficulties overcome by the zeal and
energy Oi MesSrs. Bright and Everett, aided bv
the great experience of Mr.. Amos practical
mechancian.
The paving out apparatus consists of two large
Wheels the circumferences Of which are indented by
lour deep grooves. Both wheels are of the same
diameter. One is placed at a little distance from
the other, both in the same plane and with their
aXies parallel to each other. The axes of these
wheels work in a stout and firm frame, which is SO
constructed as to resist any tendency of the cable
to draw the wheels towards each other. The cable
after coming ont of the hold of the ship in which
II Is coIled is passed the first groove of one
wheel and then over groove of the other until the
four grooves of each wheel are occupied Each
wheel has its circumference passed over bv four
portions ot the cable each portion, of course in
creasng the friction bite of the cable on the sur
face OF the wheel. This is sufficient to prevent the
coie from Shipping over the surface Of either wheel
without causing it to revolve
Any means which can be devised for checking the
revolution OF the axle or the wheel will retard the
motion of the cable over its circumference For this
purpose two friction wheels, drums, are firmly
ilxed to the axle of each wheel These drums
whose external circumference is of plane iron have
band to which wooden blocks are attached which
by means of levers can be made to clasp the surface
OF the drum. The friction brake thus consists of n
surface OF wood pressing on a surface of iron with
pressure which can be increased at the will of the
engineer The clasping apparatus is regulated by
WclghtS attached at the end of rods which act so rs
to tighten or loosen the brake. The rods work in
rstons so as to keep the action of the weights al
ways IN the proper direction, irrespective of the
motion of the shin
The heat produced by the friction of the brake is
Kept from rising to any injurious height by portion
of the drum revolving in constant sunnly nf cnld
water. The weights by which the friction of the
brake is regulated fixed to the rods so that they
can only be increased diminished by the princi-
pal engineer. The friction or retarding force is
thns so TAR setadlusting thai it never be in
creased except by the engineer allowing additional
weights to be attached to the rods With one ey-
ception, II il constant. This exception is that at
any instant when required, the whole frictional
power oil the brake can be Immediately cased.
1he cable, after passing four times round each of
the wheels of the paying-out apparatus passes un-
der grooved wheel or pulley, the axis of which is
attached to weighted rod working in piston
This grooved wheel is so arranged that it can rise
or fall in framework, according as the tension of
the cable which raRs under its circumference and
over another fixed pulley by which it passes out Of
ship greater or less than the weight of the pulley
and its weighted rod
This apparatus is in point of fact'a dynamometcr,
winch marks the tension Of tAe rope as it is being
paid out of the ship, This tension is indicated by
pointer, whica marks on the graduated frame of
the pulley The position to which its axis is raised az
depressed. man stands before this, in charge of
wheel, by turning the spokes of which he can i'm
mediately take oil the pressure of the fixed weights
on the brake apparatus, and ease the whole the
moment dangerous degree of tension is indicated
by tte index Of the dynamometer but the appara-
tps under his charge cannot by any peryorsity of
lear or stupidity be made to apply 0ny greater
strain than the engineer may think expedient and
safe. He can thus instantly ease the breaks, but
cannot commit the fatal error at wrong moment
of increasing their power,
THE FRENCH NAVY YARDS.
The Emperor has Just decided that the works 60
ing on at this moment in arsenas shall be push
ed forward with such prodigious activity that the
French fleet must NUMBER in the course of the wear
1889, an effective of $50 screw ships of war; These
$50 steamships of war, of great speed, composed
of IS lne-of-battle ships, go will be constructed
this year, and nine Of them will be especially of su
perior speed to any in the English navy) A frig-
ates, 40 corvettcs, and 30 small steamers, Never
will France have possessed SO magnificent heet
Our navy enters g phase which will remind us of
the grand maritime epochs of Louis XIV and Louis
XVI: Al. Dupay de lorne, director of naval stores,
has returned from Cherh0urg, whittier he went to
inform himself as to the period at which the new
docks there would be ready. | believe that in ac-
cordance with the orders of Admiral Hamelin, the
works are pushed on energetically that they will
be completed in July. At the same epoch will be
launched large steam line-oEbatte ship, La Vile
de Nantes.
THE AMERICAN HQRSE-PAMERsS SYSTEM
Explained.
pp the 2lst, at Astley's Amphitheatre, In London,
Mr.. William Cook, the equestrian, undertook to
emplify Professor Rarey's system of breaking, sub
dung ana training unmanageable and vicious horses
cunSpnHpntIV crowded hnnSp
boxes particularly being well Glled. take the fol-
lowing account Of what took place from the Morning
Adretiser: Mr.. William Cook informed the audience
that, having advertised his inteptYtp ot exhibiting
Professor Karey's FrtRetpie 81 spbduing horses by
experiment;ns on aily horse that might be sent to
him, q horse had been sent to him that morning 6pr
the purpose \ fA!lgrown hnrse-a huntcr-was
then led in, and the following simple mode of opera
tton was adopted strap is attached to the fetock
of the right foreleg, and drawn the 3p,maPs
right shoulder, where it is held by Mr., Cooke
The left leg is then bent inWars, as to bring the
hoo in cont4ci with the thigh and made fast in that
position ny a strap and buckle Mr.. Cooke then,
taking the reins in his left hand, and bringing the
strap attached to the horses fore leg into state of
tension, urges the animal to walk his three legs
Holding the reins right, and 50 as to incline the
horses head to the left, tle horse IS forced to make
journey twice round the circus. A this time he
exhibits symptoms of great exhaustion goes On his
knees and ultimately lies down in the Aast suhmis
slve manner. lie is then relieved from the incon-
yenent and unacq,ls,omed restrictions imposed upon
him by the straps, and Mr.. Cooke lies upon him i'll
a recumbent position, and caresses him, and his
pattings received by the horse with such ndica-
tons OF qualification as to leave no doubt that the
most friendly relations established between the
parties
William Fuller is undergoing an examination be-
fore Commissioner Belts, of New York, on the
charge of attempting to defraud the Government
l.