The Jeffersonian. [volume] (Stroudsburg, Pa.) 1853-1911, 1858-02-11
NO. s
How puEnirg Tluids are Made.

lglt we're auinlel oils, obtained by peri
10 adventure on the stormy a With
monsters Of the deep. At present whale
oils are in Goa paratively limited use FOR
illumination. and are becoming more lin.
itei every year. Sperm oil has no supe-
rior AMONG ali the burning Hui3s. but 1t
ha~ become so dear that cheaper substI-
tates have been sou.ht aud obtained.-
The most common Of these is a compound
Of alrhobol aud turI Ieutiue, conn only
known ty the name OF bitHIHg fHld, which
is very cheap ard tl'anly, pcs,, ssiug none
OF that greasy property which belongs to
OIL. bis fluid vas first brought into
public use i. l~30. when patent (now
cxpifcd) was obtained for it by Isaiah
Jeuuings, of New York city. 1t is COM
posed of nine parts OF highly rectifed al
cohol and one of camphene, and Is capa-
bic Of burning in common lamps were it
not so volatile, no burning fluid could be
more desirable. From its very Daturej
however. il must be used With great care,
because it is so liable to evaporate aud
become explosive by mixing with the at
mosEhere. Horrible accidents, causing
death 10 many Instances, have occurred
from the explosion of lamps since it came
into use; hence a salcr substance is desi-
rable
/ From some kinds of bituminuos coal
suhspiritUous oil is now manufactured,
which Ia fast eosiH! into popular favor,
owing 10 the improvements which have
recently iecn a.ade in the means of pu-
rifying. aud in the lsnfs designed for
turhi"a it, II j. tat a few years since 1t
Has hrst discovered that oil could be dis
titled At low temper sture from rich can
mel coal aud nos this Gil is slW ost exclu-
.iSely employed for lusricstioa in Great
Biit.in, = bile it is extensively used both
far lubTcation sn3 illumination among
our people. Vast bed. OF rich coal from
which this oil can be obtalDed exist in
PenEsy sylyauia. Ohio aud Kentucky, af-
/ fa'di"g sources OF saFPiy for thousande
years to come. This oil passes over in
very crGie >;stc, capable of being gen.
er,lly employed fer burning on its hrst
,;i-tiilstiou; but ky tie u>e cf su!pbaric
acid and tIchFe2ste Of potash, several
ws,binss and OSCILLATIONS. it IL purified
so q. to afford = most brilliant light in an
arraDd turner Coal oils are very pecu-
liar. i very clear o'l r:ii eo=e over In
small quantities at comparative low
beat during dislilation; tbcR. as the tenn
pcTature Is raised, a greater quantity
comes over. bat it il thick and viscid.-
4 L these oils are ii tile TO become red IN
color by exrosuIe to the air, and they
have an offensive 0dor.
Rectifet turpeutiue, under the name
@! csmFbeue, which is very cheap, has
been tried for Illumination. and judgment
passed against it. 1t requires. like coal
oil. an arganl burner, aud even With the
greatest care it is Iiahle to smoke aDd Gil
np the ne hes Of the iampwick With resi-
uou, matter. Ro>in oil, although very
cheap. iabors under the ssme disadvan-
ta.es.
Ii i remarkable fact that, while all
the animal oil, may be burnt iu comwon
llmp-, very few OF the vegetable oils can
be % used Th, great detect of most
". etabIe oils tar tarniu, i, their gum
ny nature, which cau-.> then, to clog up
tie me-hrs o; tie wick, and give out only
dull redjsb AID >Hok. Ii. bt The two
vegetable oil- Jabit. OF burning IN lamps
are made from The olive aud the seed of
the JraS>jla rnpuS, Grape seed This oil
is capable OF r,ailIus perm for giving
brilliant light. Patents bave been taken
out for pGrpt, iuc lIu,esd cotton seed. and
sGnHo~, seed oils. to adapt them for ar
tihcia light, hut hitherto none of them
br,e come Into general u-e; the process
purucd to Puri'y them have either been
inefficient or too expensive.
/ Neither the olive nor the rape are cul-
tjyated for oil in our country; yet the for
mer nay ana should he, for It's beautiful
ojl, in our Southern States, and the lat
ter for the same object in sll our States.
In France and Germany rape seed is ex-
tensiyely and prodtably cultivated The
oil exits ready formed in the seed and is
extracted by pressure, like other oils OBJ
taiDed from seeds. The SEED l. FIRST
.round to meal, thea heated to 200 de-
recS, placed in bags, and submitted to
very severe pressure. As the oil comes
from the press it contains some n uciIage,
sLich NUT be removed to ct it Tor burn
ing This is accomplished by stirring a.
bout two per cent. of sitriol among it,
washing with water in Vat1, aud after
ward Git,r:ns it. The sulphuric acid u
mites with the mueilase OF the oil, and
falls down az a heavy preciIi;ate; the oil
floats on the top o. the water after stand
Ing few days, and is then drawn of by
siphon OF tap. This oil, which can be
employed in common lamps, illumiues the
lighthouses on the French coast, which
are said to be the be7t lighted in the
world 1t is, at least, an oil to which d.
rect attention in order to induce some Of
our People to Introduce a useful mapufac-
turo.- ScicHtjfc AmerjoGn.
Louis Napoleon is about stopping du-
elljne in France, by bringing to justice