The emigrant aid journal of Minnesota. [volume] (Nininger City, Minn. Terr. [i.e. Minn.]) 1856-1858, 1858-04-07

gument o0SAc great subject OF soil cultivation.
would say t5'the people that I am but an infant farmer
snd though giye my opinions boldly and ~fearlsssly
yet sn, A xeall shenld be-, open to conviction, ant
We hope essry ono ~ho desires may avail him or herself
Of this agricultural column. Send your articles to N,
address, ~. \: TCountFymau, Hastings, or Nininger
sssd 1otn1aon In Crops. a,sass,r.m
There is no element, in the mind Of the agticulturist
50 important to the soil, as u constant rotation Of crops
Men have marched, the world over, for fertilizers which
should hsyS TIE powers Of renovating the lands yearly,
aud 80 far = that is concerned they have signally failed.
AgricultussAs ae a this time questioning the ~fersiliz-
ing p~sopersiss which tits said guano possesses Some
contend tbAtS after a series Of large yields, BY the ap-
plication Of guano. they have experienced an alarming
r~etrograde mosement, aud have been compelled to adopt
some othexmsthoa, to rescue farms from further de-
terioration ::athey have even applied to their barn yards,
and by artificial methods, sought TO- increase its piles of
manure, apop whose, ~fersilzing properties they could
safely relys and noRing from sxperience that a yearly
applications o. it was bene6cisk.s Modern times have
disclosed hee htt that the earth has its own peculiar
ways Of rsp9vaien, and when man violates those Eqles,
he must expect 70 receive punshnsnts in tho shape. of
slim crops, and ; deteriorated quality Of grain.q'a'E Il
ChemiessAnals nation has proved long since that every
one Of the cereals ,lgyains) demands : separate class Of
chemic cal equivalents; that is, they are 30 different IN
composition, that each one abstracts from the soil =
peculiar class fo9ff ';itselfs: Surprising that the earth, OF
speaking more definitely, our fields, contain, all the in
gradients necessary with the aid Of moisture and the
ATMOSPHERIC to form an the grains, let US begin our
operations practically. Let US 6rst SOW wheat, and
without a knowledge Of the above principle, We continue
to SOW wheat. YoetNp r. thr4 MARS, ttesersund rich
in that class of chemical equivalents needful to form
wheat, ptoddees large crops but then begins to fail-to
Not so; it is pregnant with those other ingredients ne
cessary to produce corn, or oats, or buckwheat, or millet,
or potatoes, or onions, or clover, &C., and it only re-.
quires that we shall SOW 3 different kind Of seed in Or
der to obtain good crops, and permit that exhausted
class Of equivalent TO Efecupsuate, or acquire new
strength.
You may nov odeft an objection to thiiB--as you have
a perfect right to-and say that all the grains have a
few ingrsaisntx IN common. That1s indeed true, and
while we advocate rotation in crops, weado not BY any
means object't 70 enriching the soil BY manures. But
We demand that the tiller shall restore to the ground
those very elements which are formed in common, in
the composition Of the ~grainl. For instance, if a
nitrate is a common ingredient, then should the manure
be nitrous in character. If lime be a common ingre.
dent, then We should not, fail. to keep the earth we'll
supplied With lime. But if ammonia, for instance be
peculiar 'dhh55x to one kind Of grain, then ammonia need
not necessarially be applied, for rotation will give a
fresh accumulation. Let theresbe : A CONSTANT RorA-
TON OF THE uNwEARIED WHEEL ..s -
&asS@ NsA A>s.M I@s
seed. & / ~ Il .
We call the attention Of the c~ultisator, At this carly
day, to tie Importance Of securing good seed. It is
undoubtedly as true ID nature, that the vegetables and
grains may he ~ cultivated 20 - to- yield large, plump,
healthy fruit, as that the animal world by dint of good
breeding may bsshigthly improved Ii sowing wheat
great care hollbetakeu that we take the largest and
p~lumpest kernels. This may be effected by q common
farming .miitsshich willallow all the small, shriveled
kernels to pass thspushyth asiessb togAhsr with'shs
foul grass seed that may be in it. I was first led to 3
consideration Of this subject from the fact that a certain
tain man in our neighhprhssodx( WILLIAM. Qliver,)
raised the best crops Of wheat-one year an average Of
forty bushels tEahx Ansssakasdsi tisix veil Knows thsthe
put one bushel s&sssd only to the acre. In . oonversa-
ton with him last spring, he stated that he invariably
took out "a 1hsargTainA Hence hssssA,ggs; Yields, and
it is perfectly philosophical A small ,gain of wheat,
and perhaps shriveled at that, cannot have life in it to
produce much yet It must have rood in The field. and
its fruits be small heads and ashrivslsd kernels. Let
the seed be all Of the fairest character, and We may
reasonably expect a god cfopa0Mf PLUMP grain With
out quessiQaAhsssame remaFks apply - eata corn, bar.
ley and rye.
II is a Question much argued by f~sanbers, witches or
not it be a 81 4iRlaapt nal toes An aFgeE Some
who argue tsae bdezdss lily have reesseef SJss BE "s u
Two years as good yields from ssauall seed potatoes as
from large, th~esaneed be no question: are xsry much
deceived. n Is true that ii a sdoa soil, for one Or two
years, SkEpAaE1sss so 1ysta larSsK S6A butaStf
continuation osshiss Rsessss will ss;ae. 4 common CONN p
term run the potatoes out, is equally certain, OF else
there must be some great discrepancy in nature. Now
it is a vel. known fact, that the seed raised from tho
cabbage stump will for q season or two raise good heads,
but 8 continuation Of that process, viii exhibit finally
= growth of cabbage ssd4aA TAs00h siAhs,6 oAahEg plump
heads. Let the Ssed from cabbage lor1dinSpis beraised
from the largest heads and roots you can end, and then
you may expeets Large and beautiful seeds, and, if you
would sspsct to4perpetuate agood quality Of potatoes
plant lSfExs Aeed from, year to year and change varieties
-. SSs sid scvsaosm N@,ss 17ssasid s~agsaa B. II 81
Now,iss The siii lime ne 70 =, SOW onion seed. Tie III Early
York cabbage in hot beds. Tomato seed may be put
in the otsu ground just where you ~aatsitsoOt tho
late varieties Of cabbage the Flat Premium Low Dutch
cabbage is the best; and will'headA nipesytsTsTn every
hundred plaots-may be planted in tue open ground
about the. 16lBtad4 May. i Tho jHSEarly York IS Che
best early variety, and ips this country is invariably
sure. The swethers6eid Large: Red Onion is the
best-grows talarges Size FROM thcss seed, and can be
made to produce from 300 to 500 bushels per acre.
sag,s, sasis stool .ssasszas, NJ ,.ss
It is a mistaken idea thai. We sAaaot probably raise
stock hsts nd axcr shall AAhcrsto d~issipeses this idea
througAAh e summer. BY incoeaatroyertible facts i may
be demanded that because the, winter season Ia 10 long