davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The daily Butte record., 1858-04-08
CONSTABLE S SALE.
State of California, County Of Butte. -.
AHN NIRCUE OF Az ENECUT

State OF California, County of Butte -.
HEN VIRTUE OF An EXECUTION
hb issued out of Justices Court. Il. Dnnoho, Jus.
tcg of the Peace for the said county. at the suit of
Z Cain, ct ais Va ID. CuSheon, ct ais. and to me
directed commanding me, out o the property of said
defendants to satisfy the Judgment rendered in ia
Nor OF said plaintiffs and against said defendants for
the sum OF sol IL damages and S33 10 costs OF suit
aud aceruing costs have levied upon aud will sell
asthe law directs at the Court House door of said
county, ON the lsth Day OF April next at two
ocock u. NJ, all defendants title and right in nd
10 the Quartz Mining Claim known as the Powell :
Creek Quartz Mining Co." situate on the head waters
of said creek in said county running 75e feet south
erlY from SHAFT and 800 feet northerly from same
shaft containing all the dips aud angles of the ledge
east aud west of said line, with the appurtenances
thereunto belonging.
NJ J PURCELL, Constable.
0roville, March a5th, 1883 me6td
The daily Butte record., 1858-04-08
CoNsTAeLE's SALE
State of California, County of Butte. ~.
nY VIRTUE OF AN EyECUr

Sthte OF CnlIIOrnla, COunty Of Butte, ~.
nY VIRTUE OF AN EXECUTION
- issued out of justices court, Edward Donaho
Justice of the peace for said county AT the suit of
NJ Clark et nj. VS., 4. ID. Cnshson ct ais and 10 me
directed commanding me out or the property Of said
defendants 10 satisfy the judgment rendered in.favor
oil said pantih. and against said defendants for the
sum Of SS6 " damages aud $40 90 costs of suit and
accruing costs have levied upon and will sell as
the law directs al the court door of said coun
ty on the nth day Of April next, at o'clock p NJ.
oil defendants title aud right in and to the Quartz
Oiariz Mining Co., situate the head waters of said
creek Ia said county running 100 feet southerly from
shnft and 900 feet northerly from shaft con-
tanning all the dips and angles of the ledge east and
west Of said line, with the appurteuunces thcreunlo
belonging
M J PURCELL, Constable.
0roville, March 25th 1858
The daily Butte record., 1858-04-08
INSOLVENCY NOTICE.

IN THE DISTRICT COURT OF THE FIF-
q teen'h judicial District in and for the County o
Butte, tate Of California In the matter of Tho pc.
tition Of james Y Jones an insAvent debtor. Pur
suant 10 an order Of the Hon Warren I. Sexton,
Judge OF the Fifteenth Judicial district aforesaid.
made this day, notice IL hereby given IL all the
creditors OF the said nsrlveut James Jones, 10 be
and appear before he Hon Warren T. Sexton aiore-
said, III open Court, on the 9Th dag of May, A. u
1855. ut 10 O'Clock A. NJ of lbst day, at the Cuurt
House, in The Town of urove. in said County Of
Butte, then ad there To show cause, " any they can,
why the praye of said nsovept should not be grant
cd, an assignment of his estate he made, ami he be
discharged from his debts an in solvent debu'r
Witness my hand aud the seal said
s. {Court affixed, this the second day of April,
49, A. ID. 1855
ap3,30d VI. II. DARRACII, Clerk.
HARRIS \ HOWARD, Attorneys.
The daily Butte record., 1858-04-08
SEIERIFrS SALE

HDK VIRTUE OF AN ENECUTION
- Issued out ot the Dlstrc Court of the Fifteenth
judicial District In aud for Butte County aud State o
California. to me directed and delivered commanding
mo To make the sum of three hundred and seventy
nine S3Ig 90 dollars with interest thereon AT tho rate
OF three per per month from the 9Th day June
A. d. 1857 until pnid together with the further sum
of nine and seventy ono hnndrcdIhs 50 10 dollars
cos.s of suit and all accng costs said writ where
In j. MoKINsrRY SMITH aud NJ. SPARKS are
plaintiff. and T.. SMlrlI, NJ. II FARLEY, ]. J.
KLINE Il + II HARRIS are defendants, have lev
led upon ani shall expose nj pnoc sale 10 the highest
bidder fov cash, ON Thursday, the Ith day
OF March, A. 1858, at the hour OF : o'clock p.
NJ of said day. nil of the right title and Interest Of the
above named defendants In aud to the following de-
scribed properly, to wills One Quartz Ledge located
on the easiery side of what Is known as McCabe's
Creek IN butte county Californis~ about one mile
above the town OF Enterpre: said ledge running into
the hill In easterly direction 1890 feet, and which
isknown as the Grain Geld Quartz Ledge, worked by
The defendants In the Spring of 1857; also arastra
building attached thereto, with the machinery and
other fixtures thsrcunto belonging
The above sale to take place at the Court House
door In the town OF Oroyie County and State aiore
said
". ID PLUM, Sheriff Butte County.
Oroyille February 18th ls5S.
The daily Butte record., 1858-04-08
CONSTABLE SALES.
CoNsTABLE'S SALE

V3Y VIRTUE OF AN EXECUTION
~ issued by Edward Donaho. Justice of the Peace
or Ophir township, county Of Butte aud state OF
California, TO me directed, in favor of r. A. KUsEf
and against j. ID. CUSHION and j. COLAUAN. I
have seized aud shall expose Tor sale Mt public atc
ton al O'Clock. p. NJ, on the Twenty-sixth
uay OF March, A. ID. 1865, AT Nd. Donaho's
ofce on Myers street In the iowa of Oroyille State
and County Aforesaid the following described prop
cry, TO wit: All Of the defendants' right title and in
trresi IN and - Quartz Ledge or Ciam formerly
known as The murphy ~ Co.'S Claim" aud now as
the Powell Creek Quartz Mining Company situate
ON tributary OF Powell Creek, orc township, State
and Cocrty BforesaiJ.
M j. PURCELL, Constable.
Dated this the 4th day Of March, A. d. 1858
The above sale Is hereby postponed until Mondn v
the 5th day OF April, A. ID. 1885, at the same hour
and place above mentioned.
NJ. j. PURCELL, Constable
Dated this the 2Git day Of March A. d. 1855
The above sale is hereby further postponed unit
the lOth day OF April a. D. 1858, at the same houl
and place above mentioned
M. JPURcELL, Constable.
OrovilIe, April 5,h, 1858.
The daily Butte record., 1858-04-08
CONSTABLE'S SALE.
state of California, County of Butte, So,
gpH VIRTUE OF AN EXElUTI,

HpN VIRTUE OF AN EXECUTION
hS issued out OF Justices Court, L. Donoho, jus
tice of the Peace, for said county, at the suit of L.
Van Nordcn vs. j ID. CUSHION, ct als, and to me d-
rected, commanding ne ont of the property of said
defendants to satisfy the judgment rendered in IA
vor of said plaintiff aud against said defendants for
the sum OF S67 % damages, and S1 30 costs of suit
and aeeruing costs, have levied upon and will sell
as the law directs nj the Court House door of said
county, on the I5th Day OS ApriI, nexta two
O'Clock L. NJ, all the defendants title aud right in
ani To the Quartz Mining Claim, known IS that of
"The Powells Greek quartz Mining COMPANY sit
uate on the head waters of said Creek in said coun-
ty, running $50 feet southery from shaft and 800
feet Dortherly from same shaft, containing alt the
dips and angles of the ledge east aud west Of said
line, with the appurtenanceS thereunt0 belonging.
NJ J PURCELL, Constable.
0royille, March 95th ls5S m2Gtd
The daily Butte record., 1858-04-08
NOTICE TO CREDITORS
INSOLVENCY. NOTICE.

SrArE OF CALIFORNIA, District Court, Fifteenth
County OF Butte. Judicial district.
In the matter OF Gardiner Lamp VS.. His Creditors.
PUR U NCE OF AN ORDER
y made in the Hon. District Court, in and tor Butte
County, by the judge thereof at chambers. on the
18th day OF March A. u. 1858, Notice is hereby CIV.
en- TO the creditors OF the said Gardiner Lamp petit
toner IN insolvency to be aud appear before the
District Court, nj the Court House, at orovilIe In
said County, ON Monday the 10Th day OF May, A ID.
isjs, al the hour ct IL o'clock, NJ, of said day then
and theie to shos IL any thero be- why the Pc
ton Of the said insolvent Gardiner Lamp, should
not be granted, assignment of his estate be made
and he 10 discharged from his debts and liabilities
by order of the Court.
~ Witness my hand and the seal of said
) SEAL. Court anixed, this the 18th day of March
~ A. D. 1855. NJ. H. DARRACH, Clerk.
THos. wELLs, Attorney for petitioner
The daily Butte record., 1858-04-08
CoNSTABLE'S SALE

Rf VIRTUE OF AN EXECUTION
- issued out of Justice Donaho's Court of ophfr
township, county OF Butte aud state of California
to me directed, in favor OF JAMES BROWN aud
against X. L. kERKUAM and JAMES FOWLER,
have seized aud shall expose for sale at public
ZION, at three O'Clock, p NJ. on tho sixth day
OF April A. ID. ts5S, at Justice Donahos Office
on Myers street In the Town of Orove, the folio W
Ing described property, TO wit: All that piece or
parcel OF land lying and situate In or about one
mile south OF the fown of orovile, and adjacent to
the garden called the 's0roville tsarden,, in the
above Township Said piece or parcel OF ground now
In occupancy and cultivated by Cinnamon a vege-
table garden.
W j. PURCELL, Constable.
Dated this the 18th day Of March, A. n. 1858.
The daily Butte record., 1858-04-08
CONSTABLE'S SALE.
EpY VIRTUE OF THREE ES

- lions issued by John. :. Berry, Justice of the
lence IN ana for OpSir Township. Butte county and
Slaie O California 10 me directed, one In favor of
W. richards u Co. for the sum of one hundred
and ninety doGis debt and fifteen aud seventy one
hundrodihs dollars costs of snit and one in favor
D. NJ. Brock for the of one hundred and seventy
seven ana siAty nine one hGudrcdtns dollars debt
nnd seventeen and forty five one hundredths dollars
costs q suit, AMI one in favor of Ross Welch for
the sum OF one hundred aud seventy six dollars debt
ana seventeen ant forty five huGdf edths dollars
costs OF suit and accruing costs each execution,
and against Cu-h non & Collahan, have levied and
s1iled upon all of tho above defcndauiS interest in
ana toa certain QnariZ Ledge formerly known rs the
Murphy COS Lodge. AMI now known IA the Pow.
ell creek 'linrtz Mining Company. situated on n
tributary of Powell Creek in Oro Township County
aud state aforesaid. and will expose to sale on
wednesday, the litb day OF April A. d. 1859,
at 10 O'Clock A. NJ at John ). Bcrry's Office in Oro-
vile, The above described Quartz Ledge
n l.. PIITON. Constable.
Datcd OrOville Feb. 2ith, 1853
The daily Butte record., 1858-04-08
SHERIFF SALES.
sHERrrr,s SALE

10y VIRTUE OF A DecretaI Order
ID issned out Of The District Court, OF the FIJI
teenth Judicial District and for the County Of butte
and state Of California. wherein WM. o. INJURY
" plsintif and JOSIAH WING is defendant, com
nandiBz me TO seIl the pirner-hip Dropery herein
after described. 7 will, on saturday the tenth
Gay of April, A. ID. 1855, at the hour of Two
O'Clock. =. ~. of said das, In pursuance with the re
anrements Of said order sell AZ public sale to the
County, California, near the mouth u Dry Creek. In
Ophir Township. 10 wit: The north east quarter
section sstweniy '.i0wnshp nineteen north -
strange four east ;" containing hundred and sixty
acres Of land, and commonly known Us the GrIsson
Ranch"
The above sale 10 take place at tho Court House
said.
.N ID PLUM, Sheriff Butte County.
Oroville, March 10. 1858.
The daily Butte record., 1858-04-08
MEDICAL.
DR.. .J.CZAPKAYS
MEDICAL AND SURGICAL

II ATE hND IL
u INSTITUTE, Sacramento street, below Mont
gomery opposite Pacific Mail Steamship Co e Office,
San Francisco, California Established in 1854 for the
permanent cure OF all Private and Chronic Diseases.
and the suppression of Quackery Attending and resi-
dent Physician, ]. CZAPKAY. NJ. d., late OF the
Hungarian Revolutionary War, Chief Physician TO
the 10th Regiment of onveds, Chief Surgeon to the
Military Hospital of Pesth, ungary,and late lecturer
on diseases OF women and children.
I'oTHE EAFFLICTED.-DR. LII. CZAPKAY can
be consulted at his Insttute for the cure of all
lorms OF private Diseases such syphilis Gonorrhea,
Nocturnal Emissions. and all the consequences OF
sell ABUSE In the first stages OF Syphhtic or Como
rheai diseases, he guarantees cure In Il few days,
without Inconvenience to the patient or hndrance TO
his business. When patient, by neg ect or improp-
er treatment, has developed the secondary symptoms
OF syphilis, such blboes painful swellings on
the groins or uCersin the throat aud nose, which il
not checked. destroy the soft parts and cause the
oones TO mortify separate and come away, leaviRg
thes sufferer an object hdeous to behold or when
Diotches and pimples break out upon the skin oi
when ne has painful swengs upon the bones, oI
when his constitution Is injured so as to predispose
10 consumption or other constitutional diseases, the
DOCTOR guarantees cure or asks no pensatiOn.
In RHED MATISM, chronic or acute in DYSEN
lEhf or ID DIARRHOEA, he has safe and efectua
remedies. Fer the treatment of the conse quences u
sell abuse, such as nocturnal emissions nervousness
tlmidity, headache. pains in the back and limbs it'll
general weakness loss of memory injury to the sigh
restlessness confusion of ideas, dislike for society
and feeling of weariness of life with the nervon
system exctable that slight noises shock or start
the patient making his existence miserable For tb,
above maiadIes the Doctor will guarantee Ii cure o.
ask no compensation u c can be consulted free o
charge and invites all to call ii will cost them no
| thing, and may be much to their advantage Ofic,
| hoIrs from A. NJ, to . Z NJ.
The daily Butte record., 1858-04-08
CoNSTABLE'S SALE.

My VlRUE OF A DECRETAL ORDER Is
- sued by John s. Berry Justice Of the Peac in
anu fnr phlsTownship, County OF Butte. aud State
OF California, against JAMES BRADLEY and In favor
Of ". HiRSCHEY. for the sum of forty. mine and
niuety nve one hundredth dollars debt aud twenty.
one dollars costs Of suit, md for accruing costs OF
said writ, to me directed and delivered, command ng
me to sell the following described property to satisfy
said demand, will, on Tuesday the Twen-
tieth day OF April, A. II. 1855 at eleven O'Clock
a. NJ, IN pursuance with the requirements of said
order, sell at public sale, Ia the highest bidder for
cash, the property described in the order of sale
folowsto wit: All the right title and interest of the
defendant ~ and 10 Lots Nos 2, g. 4. s. O. I and g
being TWO hundred and forty feet square, and bound
ed on the north by Robinson street. on the east by
Second Aven.e, on the sjuth by High street. and on
the west by Third Avenue, as laid down and desert
bed on the map or pct OF the Carleton Estate on
nlc in the County Recorders Office of Butte County
The above sale to take place at the Court House
door IN the town Of 0rovlle Butte county and Stata
OF California.
r. L. P.aTTON, Constable.
Oroye, March 3lst 1858
The daily Butte record., 1858-04-08

CAap i, the Undersigned, having been under
the treatment Off. Czapkay, VI. ID. although un
solicited feel called upon TO give publicity the eff.
hcacy ofhis treatment, hoping that by doing 80. !
mny he insirupentalin preventing Others from the
fearful suffering and misery which experienced,
and which 80 often resul; from the parnicious prac-
tice Of pretenders My disease has boon that OF
physical and mental debility, WHICH follows in con
sequence of indiscretion in youth. The agones
which endured are, perhaps, unnecessary for me
to detail, they knQwn to those who have expert
enced them Suiice II to say that having called the
services Of Dr. L. j Czapkay INTO requis soD, all my
expectations which may nave formed of him were
moro than realized | would therefore recommend
Or. Czapkay to all who may tndIbemselves afflicted
with the dreadful malady. my object in so doing be
ing sympathy for suffering humanity, and heartfelt
desire oi relieving them.
ID. DAHLEE, Printer.
State of California City and County of San Fran
cisco ss On tho 3ls day of July. A. ID. le55 bel fore
me, WIN. c. Jewett, Notry Public. personally appear
cd d. j. Oahlee, known to me, who being duly sworn
dld dcpose aud say, that the contents of the cerd
herewith signed by him is true
In witness Whereof have hereunto set my hand
and affixed my official SEAL the day and year first
above written. WM c. JEWETT,
H. Foary Public.
The daily Butte record., 1858-04-08

- EMARKABLE INSTANCE OF MEDICAL RE.
h LIEF.-Below we publish the certificates of
two of the sufferers from the pangs of disease who
having recovered from their former health and i'm
PEELED by gratitude, make known their cases and re-
medal agent, and their statements authenticated
by Notary Public. Th5 demands of society impe-
rious!y command their publiaity. and we mmend
their perusal TO the attention of all allliced
CERTIFICATE.
TheurJersigned. desirous sofacq,ainting those who
may be unfortunate enough to be similarly afflicted
where permanent relief of their suirrings NAV be
obtaned, feels 1t his duty to thus publicly expryss
his most sincere gratitude to DR.. h. j. Cznpkay, for
the permanent recovery of his health. Borne down
by the distressing symptoms incident to the vicious
practice ouncontroable passion in youth; depressed
inb body and mind: unable to perform even the most
trting duty imposed upon the daily avocations of
life, sought the advice of many physicians, who at
first regarded my dnease rs of triaing Importance
but alas! after few weeks and in several instances
months of their treatment found TO my unuttera
bic horror that instead of relief the sympt Ans be-
came more alarming III their torture, and being told
by one that my disease benl principally confined 10
the brain, medicine would be of lit consequence
despalred of ever regaining my health, strength and
energy; and ms q last resort and with but "A faint
hope called upon Dr. Czapkay. who, after examining
my prescribed some medicine which almost in
stantly relieved me of the duh pain aud Dizziness
my head Encouraged by this result. resovcd to
place myself Immediately under his care and by q
strict adherence to his direct and advice nv head
became ceai, my ideas collected the constant pain
in my back and groins the weakness of my limbs,
the nervous reaction ofmy whole body on the slight
est alarm or excitement; the misanthropy aud G. vl
forcbodings; the self dstrust and OF confidence
IN others the incapabiity to study, and of
o!uton: the righful, exciting, and times peasur
able dreams nj might, followed by involuntary dis
charges. have all disappeared; and in fact in two
months after having consulted the Doctor felt rs if
inspired by new life--that life which, but short
time ago contemplated to end by my own hand.
VITA n view to guard the unfortunate from falling
into the hands of incompetent qnackS, deem It my
duty To offer this testimony To The merit and SIX OF
DR.. CZapkay. and recommend him to all who may
stand in need Of medical advice being assured by my
own experience, that once under his care, Il radical
nndpermansnt cure win be effected.
j. +. FILLMORE
State Of California. County of San Francisco. Sub
scrihed and sworn before me. this Eth day Of April
A. ID. 1856. Signed. JOHN MIDDLETON. IT. 81
Notary Public.
The daily Butte record., 1858-04-08
NOTICE OF DISSOLUTION

FuNHE CO-PARTNERSHlP HERETOFORE EN-
u isting under the irm Of Rrsenbaum \ Mein-
niger has tais day been dissolved 10y mutual consent
All those indebted to the late firm will please call and
settle =. ROSENBAUM
Orovie, March ). l.. MElNiNGER
The daily Butte record., 1858-04-08
BRIDGE AND FERRY NOTICE

~ Office Is he eby given that the undersigned viii
IN apply TO the Board OF Supervisors in and for
Butte county at their February session In 1855 for
License TO construct Toll Bridge and Ferry acros.
the Middle or South Fork OF Feather River, a few
rods above Its junction with the North Fork of said
river. SYLVESTER Z. SAVAGES & co.
Bidwcl1, Jan. lst, 1883
The daily Butte record., 1858-04-08
FERRY NOTICE

NOTICE is hereby givon that I. the undersigned,
will apply 10 the Board nf Supervisors for Butte
county CiprnIl, at theii next session for renewal
10 ms of License TO keep Ferry at Nelson's Bar
West Branch Feather River.
Jan. ,lS5T-4wA CS CURTIS
The daily Butte record., 1858-04-08
NOTICE OF DISSOLUTION.

THNHE Co.PARrNBRStlIP HITHERTO EXIST
u ing between the undersigned is this day dis
solved by mutual consent. All business connected
with the irn will be settled by IT. Myers who alone
is authorized tvsign for that purp Sc.
MAX BROOKS,
0roville, March 9-3t H. MYERS,
The daily Butte record., 1858-04-08
NOTICE

rs HEREBY GIVEN, THAT TIE UNDER.
u signed will apply To tue Board Of Supervisors o
Butte county at their next regular session. Tor a re-
newni Of thnr Licens' to rua Ferry across Feather
River AZ McCOnnell's Ranch.
MCCONNELL s. BILLINGS.
Februl Try L. 1857
The daily Butte record., 1858-04-08

IHERE ARE THOUSANDS in this state sual
fer want Of Scientific medical treatmen4
JOG fear :" apply to "A Physician. because he.
been deceived or their friends have been W
OF the dharlutans ~h infest the community, Nv
publish themselves as good physicians plv,Sl
etc. To all such We unbesitatingly recowmsp.
g. Young, ~ a Physician in whom all oan llsIl
tdcrce. He is n man of eminent ana w
study, good surgeon, an honorable man,
who can sympashise with persons in ailile'vs
standing as Physician and gentleman w
guaranteed-the first by his medical Works !,
are an hor to their author. and the ex!ep.
highly successful course of practice Win "
has been honored since his advent in Calllo'I.
the latter by his numerous patrons ana lafse"l
acQuaintancese
The daily Butte record., 1858-04-08

DEMEMBER-That Dr J. C. Youngs oasl
~ the treatment of Private Diseases, Is -
ner of Montgomery and California sts., san ~
RENEMBER-That Dr. Yonng wants 10 y
but those fully capable of appreciaiing ana
gushing the services Of u regular, thofpss
physician, from the paltry unlearned sh'
luack.
REMEMBER-That DR. Young is the onl ~
bred physician advertising 10 cure diseases
dence.
REMEMBER-That DR. Young's remeSss-~
treatment are entirely unknown 10 sll o'S
pared from lie spent in the great IlOspiM.s.
rope. and the first in this country, from pO"
Gals imported
REMEMBER-That DR. Young gives e'''
lion 10 diseases peculiar Ia females.
From the Boston Medical Journ@ %
Although We are opposed to the sysisnm,
Using, for good and sufficient reascns. SUI
II but justice ID say that DIR. Young i e.
most industrious and interchangeable voiai'"
medical science in the Uaiied STATES.
RNo CURE, NO PAY0 Is
His Office is al the corner Of Morigone'!
iol nls streett, San FRI neIsco.
The daily Butte record., 1858-04-08
MEDICAL.
DIR. j. c. YOUNG.

LateProfessorat theUniversity, Penn.
Can oe found at the old stand, corner Of
ynontgomery and California streets, San
The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1858-11-26
Obituary.

Toe Hon wfs1lAM ScHtSy died AZ his residence IL Al.
austa Georgia the Goth inst, OF paralysis, with which
TIC attacked DAYS slnce NJ. Schlev has held
important relations 20 the people Of Georgia In 1875 h
elected by the legislature Judge Of the Superior COR
OF the Middle Circuit and held that position until te1S
IN 1880 he represented his county 10 the cgsiature
1882 he elected TO Congress, and served during
sessof1of 1885, "a. AMI 81, and In 1885 was cic, p
Governor Of the state and alcd ha, Once until 1885,
Mr. Sobey al, time the Grand Master of the or nj
Lodge Of Georgia aud for about twenty I've years
oreanza.on, IN 1922 the Grand high Priest Of the
Royal Arch Chapter 81 The State aud vas is frat pres
ding officer. and among he Oldest Masons in the state
lie President " the Medical College OF Georgia at the
tnc 81 biz death. Mr Schley born in the city "
Frederick. IN the state Of Maryland the 10th o. Dece
her, ldss was educated N the academies at Louisville
and Augusta, and admitted TO practice law 10 Frederick
IN 1912
General ABRAHAM yERPrAScK, one OF the veterans Of
1912 died at his residence in Brooklyn, Monday ths
22t. ut the advanced age of sixty five Gen NerpancS
was born nj Cocymaus Albany county He servcd IN the
war a 1874 has occupied high official position ~ s
state