Worcester daily spy., 1858-12-07

probably prevent hostile parties from committing
sons ON the route and render actual interference for
its protection unnecessary.
The executive government this country in inter
course with ioreisn nations is limited to the employment
Of diplomacy alone. When this fails, il proceed
further 1t cannot legmately resort to force, without
repeng hostile attacks 1t would have authority to
enter ne territories OF Nicaragua even TO prevent the
destruction OF the transit and protect the lives and prop
ery Of our own citizens their passage. 1t is true, that
would direct any armed force in the vicinity to march TO
their ree but in doing this he would act upon his own
Under these circumstances I earnestly recommend to
CONGRESS the passage of an act authorizing the President
under such restrictions they may deem proper
preventing the transit from being ostructed or closed
by weSs Violence and in protecting the lives and prop
crtv of American citizens travelling thereupon, requiring
the same time that these forces shall be withdrawn the
moment ithe danger shall have passed away Without
such provision, citizens will he constantly exposed
\ similar necessity exists for the passage of such an
act for the protection of the Panama and Tehuantepec
routes
l.recrencc to the Panama route the United States by
their existing treaty with New Granada expressly guar
antec the neutrality Of the sthmus, with the view that
the free transit from the the other sea NAV not be
interrupted or embarrassed in any future time while the
treaty exists.
In regard the Tehuantepec route which has been re
Gently opened under the most favorable auspices
treaty WIN MeNico OF Inc 3th OF December 1888 secures
to the citizens OF the United States right of transit
that neither government shall nterpose any obstacle
thereto. II also comedies the United States the right
of the United States intended for distribution along
the line of the communication also the effects of the
United States and its citizens which
intended for transit and not for distribution the 18TH
mus free of Custom House, or other charges by the Mex
These treaty stqulatisns with New Granada and 4ex-
CO. IN addition to the considerations applicable to the
Nicaragua route, 10 require legislation for the pur
pose of carryi them into effect.
in Costa Rca and Nicaragua during the last two three
years have received the prompt attention of govern
ment Some of these injuries were of the most aggravated
character. The transaction Virgin Bay in April 1856
when company Of unarmed Americans, who were in no
way connected with any begert conduct or party were
fired upon by the troops of Costa Ric and numbers
them killed and wounded was brought to the knowledge
OF congress by my predecessor soon after its occurrence
and was also presented to the government Rca
iorthat immediate investigation and redress which the
sued with reerene to other outrages in these countries
some of which were hardly less aggravated in their char
jccI lntn me transaction az virgin BAY At the time,
howeverwhen our present Minister to Nicaragua Hp
pointed in December 1851 redress had been obtained
for any of these wrongs and reply even had been re-
cevcd to the demands which had been made by that gov
ernent upon Costa Rica than year before. Our
Minister was instructed therefore, lose no time in e
pressing to those governments the deep regret with which
claims OF the United States, and in demanding their salts
factory aiustment Unless this demand shall be complied
with at an early day il will only remain for this govern
ment to adopt such other may be necessary
IN order to obtain for itself that justice which it has in
vain attempted to by peaceful means from the
governments Of Nicaragua and Costa Rica While it has
shown and Will continue to show, the most sincere
gard for the rights and honor of these republics cannot
permit this regard to be met with utter neglect
their part of what is due the government and citizens
Against New Granada have long standing causes of
complaint arising of the unsatsfed claims of our
czes upon that republic; and to these have been
recently added the outrages committed upon citizens
az baama IN l659 treaty for the adjustment of these
dtGntes was conducted by the Secretary State and
the Minister of New Granada, in September 1851 which
9tae Jls ana acceptable provisions for that purpose.
This treaty was transmitted to Bogota ratified
by inc government Of New Granada, but with certain
amendments IL was not however, returned to this city
until after the close of the last session of the Senate 1t
Will be Immediately transmitted to that body for their
advice ana consents and should this be obtained it will
remove all our existing causes of complaint against New
Granada on the subject of claims.
Questions have arisen between the two governments as
~ ~ te Igt 9 new Granada to levy tonnage dnty upon
he vessels OF the United States in its ports of the 18th
mus, and TO levy passenger tax upon our citizens ar
irving in that country, whether with design to remain
and also tax upon the mails of the United States trans
ported over the Panama railroad. The government of
would consider the collection of either these taxes as
a ae OF violation Of the treaty between the two
tries and such would be resisted by the United States
tons in spirit of amity and iTstice " VIII sn e ii HI
TO ADJUST them in satisfactory negotiation
for that purpose has already been No effort
anticipated under present circumstances.
with the empire of Brazil relations are of the most
friendly character The productions the two coun-
tries and especially those of an agricultural nature ma
trc are such as to invite extensive mutual exchanges
large quantity of American flour is consumed in Bra
zi whilst more than treble the amount in value of Bra
zllan coffee is consumed in the United States Whilst
ms IS the case heavy duty has been levied until very
Iecenuy upon the Importatons of American flour INTO
Brah l am gratied however to be able to inform you
that in September last this has been reduced from 81 %
to about ~ cents barrel and the duties other ar
ces OF our production Bye been diminished in nearly
regret to state that the government of Brazil still con
ucs 10 levy an export dnty about IL per cent on cOt
rec 9tWIhsandng this article admitted free from du
ty IN the United States. This is heavy charge upon the
consumers OF coffee in our country, purchase half
OF the entire surplus crop that article raised in Brazil
our Minister under Instructions will reeratc his efforts
TO- have thls export duty emoyed and is hoped that
me enlightened government of the Emperor will adopt
this wise Just, and equal policy In that there is
good reason to believe that the commerce between the
Two countries will greatly increase, much advan-
The claims of citizens against the government of
al tre not IN the aggregate, of very lurge amount;
ou @ sc oi these rest upon plain principles of justice,
ed
renewed and earnest, and lucccSSll effort will
be made by Minister procure tleirn adjustment
On the I'd Of June last Congress passed ioit rcsolu-
ton authorizing the President ito adopt such measures
ana use such force as in his Judgment may necessary
and advisable for the purpose of adjusting the differ
ences between the United States and the republic Of Para
quay i'll connection with the attack on the United stcnr-
er Wat9r Watch and with other measures referred TO in
ms annual message. And on the llth of July following
they made an appropriation to deay the expenses and
compensation of commissioner to that republic should
the President deem proper to make such an anpoin
ment. ~ W
In compliance with these enactments, have appointed
commissioner, who has proceeded to Paraguay with
lu powers ana instructions to settle these differences in
an amlcaDle and peaceful manner if this be practicable
HIS experience and discretion justify the hope that may
prove successful in convincing the Paraguan government
that it is due both to honor and Justice that hey should
which they have committed against the United States
ana indemnify our injured citizens whom they have Iorc
py uesp9leu oil ther property.
should our commissioner prove unsuccessful after
sincere ana earnest effort to accomplish the object his
mission, then no alternative will but the employ
ment OF force to obtain Just satisfaction from Para
Suay, IN view OF thS contingency the Secretary of the
Navy, under my direction has fitted and despatched
naval force, TO- rendezvous BuenOs Ayres which,
Is beeved Will prove sufficient for the occasion Ii is
earnest DESIRE however, may not be found to
be necessary to resort to this last alternative.
When Congress met in December last the business of
the country had just been crushed by those period
ca revusiOns which the inevitable consequence of
unsound and eXayagant system OF bank credits and
inflated currency. With all the elements OF national
wealth in abundance our manufactures were suspended
our usenl public and private enterprises arrested
and thousands Of laborers deprived OF employment
and reduced to want Universal distress prevailed among
Ihe commercial manufacturing and mechanical classes
Ihis revson was felt the severely in the United
States because similar causes had produced the like
puaDie eHecI throughout inc commercial nations Of Eu
rope. All were experiencing sad at the same
moment Our manufacturers everywhere suffered severe
~ not because OF the recent reduction in the tariff of
duties on imports, but because there demand at
any price for their productions The people obliged
10 restrict themselves III their purchases to articles Of
prime necessity In the general prostration of business
the iron manufacturers in the different probably
suffered more than any other class and much destuun
the inevitable consequence among the great number
of industry There could be supply where there
no demand. 10 present example, there could be
of railroads, extending its benefits every portion of the
Union had been brought to dead pause. The con-
sequences have resulted from similar causes to many 9th
branches CT useful manufactures. 1t is selevideut
tcle nv Iuiilty 10 puIchase manuacturCu
articles, these cannot be sold, and consequently
No government, and especially a government of such
limited powers that of the United States could have
prevented the late revulsiOn. The whole commercial
world for years to have been rushing 10 this ca
tastrophe. The ruinOus consequences would have
followed in the United States, whether the duties upon
foreign imports had remained they were under the tar
i'll of 1876 had been raised to much higher standard
The tariff of 1851 had agency iu the result The gen
eral causes existing throughout the world could not
have been controlled by the legislation Of any particular
country.
The periodical revulsions which have existed in our
past history must continue to return at intervals long
as our present unbOunded system of bank credits shall
prevail They will however probably be the less severe
in futures because is not to be expected at least for
many years to come that the commercial nations Of Eu
rope WIN whose interests our own are so materially in
yolved, will expose themselves to similar caamitics
But this subject was treated so much large in my last
annual message that shall not now pursue it further
STILL respectfully renew the recommendation IN favor
of the passage Of uniform bankrupt law applicable to
banking institutions This Is all the direct power over
the subject which, believe the federal government pos
sesses Such law would mitigate, though it might not
prevent, the evil The instinct of selpreservaon might
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