Muscatine weekly journal. [volume] (Muscatine, Iowa) 185?-1890, 1858-01-23

tablishsd siss STATE Banking systsn. ss1svis<
It with tho sttribdtes and powers Of similar Instr
tutions, the probability ID, that to-day 70 would
have fair proportion of this specie, both in The
circulation Of tho Statc and the vaults Of our
banke just ytng The issueof amount of paper
which Oy ito pliabi!ity to su 1den emergencies,
= oud great rel ve QUE people in ties, days Of
evil pOrtent, least ecep thvm from falling in
20 a ,rss condition than our fellow cvuntrymen 10
got ar States. 81
rgett ing, however, the Of the past, let us
make haste to retracc our steps dn now what
! should have ben done years aso-makr provision
for sound and adequate currency. If our own.
l. is COMPETENT fer y"u 10 flame general law,
under which either both If the banking systems
ontenpai I'd by the Constl ul,n may be establish
cd L. is perhaps unn cessary for me to indicate
my opinion in regard to the relative merits Of the
the other or to venture any suggestions as
to he provisions which shuud enter ino the frame
work Of either The very large amount ~ gold and
in the country justies the conclusion that
actual specie basis would be Obj aimed Under bank
ing law wisely cencciv, as to the privileges il con-
ferred and the limitations it imposed. There Is Of
tea power in words Confidence is an port ell
cnent in all banking operations The word STATE,
in government well ordered aud conducted, is wit
! many the synonym Of confidence. These facts,
With Others, would determine my mind in favor
OF wisely adjusted State Banking system. Let il
be tablished under the best tights yGu obt AIM
protecting he bll-holder, inviting the capt. alist
Issuing bills under tho den0mi Of five dol
lars.
The constitutional requirement upon the General
Assembly TO encourage aud foster agricultural i'm
provement, must have had it's origin In know ledge
ofthe fact that he Legislation of the country every
where has been disp heretofore to ignore 1.-THE
first born Of civilizatiun."-
1t is true that high state Of prosperity requires
the promoi ion Of every branch of industry. and the
/ HnE,
cul,urc is the precursor If all these and from tn,
character of soil and the nature Of gcograph
ic position, must b. the great leading nyocation vi
our people, and therefore The first int,Iest to b.
! considered and improved.
But the question r,curs, how can this injunction
If the Constitution be carried out, and the highest
capabilities in the economy of field tabor aud gene
raj hus bandry b. attained, by anything which tn,
State in its sovereign capacity can do?
1t is believed that the first step in this direction
after aHording due encouragement to county and
State agricultural societies, is to establish agr
cultural bureau MS distinct department of State
| similar il its functions and appointments to the
proposed and enacted by branch Of your body
thres years ago, but lost in the other.
| 1t should hold the same rea ion to tho people oil
this State that a similar department in the Patent
Office at Washington City do;s to the whole country
Putting itself in connection with that Office, ant
all the agricultural societies in he land, its great
Office would b. to introduce new aud valuable seeds
both of the cereals and veget ubles-drect their cu
ture-gat her up agricultural statistics and infor
nation from the best farmers everywhere, and dis
seminate the same larg ly among the generation ol
free laboIers who now her after may occupy oul
! plains.
But, secondly agriculture, in her hi CHER aims ant
purposes, is science, and demands the application
| OF scientific knowledge to the laburs Of the field
This involves The necessity, al proper time, OF es
tablshing agricultural schools, in cunnectio witt
Experimental farms, wh,re the natural science.
! Ter n nj he fan nd ar lied
such as geology organic chem stry-botany- phys
gy-zooiogy-atmosphrric properties and iGhu
ences, &c. TO elaborate the connection between
these sciences and the objects of agriculture which
has its ou'sonSs in the infinite, is neither expec.et
nor demanded in this communication.
l only speak OF one other method of mant aiming
an elevated system of agriculture, and that is t.
keep all her manpulations and processes under tn,
! dominion Of FREE LABOR.
! To work is privilege well rs one of the conli
tions of life. Labor intclligenly directed by TIL
masses is the source of untold blessings, affecting
less the moral destiny Of the race than the physical
improvement Of the State. 1t is strange in this ag
of the world and in land of cons itutonal liberty
We are compelled to insist upon the freedom of la
bor-yet the necessity of doing SO is no less strang
| than painful.
This birth-right of the American citizen has beef
seriously menaced, by growing sentiment in favo
OF slave labor in one section OF the Union. The tw
cannot exist upon the same soil. The Introduction
of the one is the disparagement Of the other. The
are natural and irreconc! leable foes.
Free labor is diffusive in its bcncfts,-equalize
the condition Of mcn-strcngt hens the moral prin
cipes Ut country-is progressive in its movements
availng itself of the aids of science in its s. vera
departments of industry,-whist slave labor dis
pcnses its benof.euons to the few--presses hardl
against the interests Of the many brings prema
ture decrepit ude upon the country, by its wastefu
and cxhausting tillage, and to LIVE must not onl,
enlarge but of Zen change the field of lis opera ions
This naturally induces spirit for territorial az
grandlzement in order to perpctuate slavery, and t
extend the political power of section Of tn
Union, in derogation of the lights of the other,
has brought on a contest between freedom and slav
cry that has alb o. bed all the other political question
of the day.
The meeting of these two sys ems of labor face t
facc in Kansas has impaired no little interest t
this conflict. Passing by, however. the monstrou
frauds usurpntions, violence, and utter disregard o
the democratic principle of allowing the people t.
| choose their own rulers and make their own laws
which thus far have marked the progress of thi
contest in that Territory, beg leave to go back 0
all these, and refer to IN assumption of power, o
constitutional right, which has justly alarmed an
excited the Jealousy of the North, and, it is appre
hended will give long continuance and bitterness t.
this unfortunate contest. allude to the recent in
depreciation of the Constitution of the United State
which nationalizes slavery, and opens the door TO
its universally in all the Territories of the Govern
ment. This extraordinary construction If the char
ter of our liberties. was first enunciated by tn
southern section of the Supreme Court in the Dire,
Scott case, afterwards adopted by of the poItca
parties of this country and followed up by distinc
recognition on the part of the present Chief Mags
trate of the Union.
This distinguished functionary has been pleased
to inform the people Of this country that slavery
only be extended beyond the bounds where it is
but that it already exists practically theoretically
| in all the national domain.
If this be so, the investiture Of this privilege il
35O, 0o0 slave-owners is virtual abnegation Of TIL
rights of Is 600 600 of nonsaveholder rs in the occu
pancy of all these lands. For it will be confessed
that free and voluntary labor will not unite will
involuntary and compulsory labor in retaining al
these territories and transforming them into tn
ture, the arts and the adornments Of civilization
But, it S said from high authority, ss a palIia
tive for the exercise CT this right under the Consti
tuition to take aEJ hold slaves upon the free terri
tories of this country, that 'when ths residents
such Territories proceed to form Sta.e Constitu
ton, then it is their right to decide the inportsn
question for themselves, whether tt ey will eontin
ne, modify or abolish Slavery
Eut, how a right recognised and guaranteed by
the Constitution Of the United States, can b. thus
summarily disposed Of, lie not readily perceived
1t must ee founded upon the idea either that tn,
Constitution is not the paramount law of tho land,
OF that 1t contains limitation upon this right
1t Is believed that aather of the SO pos .es can
bs maintained: snti follows that if this right ex
ISIS at ALL it is an absolute, continuing right, a.
tuo othoi lTducuISec OF tuat venerable lOStfuDC0t
arr, which no State power can divest either after
1t has been exercised, in Kansas or in anticipa-
tlon Of rs exercise, as wa has attempted to o,
in prohibiting it in her Constitution. II this con-
struct lob be the true one, then logical conse
qaencc, and as has already boe claimed in some
quarters, very exists theoretically in all the free
ates of this Union. and the right need GA y be
asserted to make it so practically.
But thas Interpreting the Constitution of the
United States, so as to make it sanction the legal
| Yinh fnuun Hold ell sxuh ~ d. ~
Union goes, the people of the free Mort or made
an voluntary party to all the evils, political and
moral, which attach themselves to this Institution
and must share with the S,uth whatever RESPONSE
bilty there may be connected with II as subsst-
ing national establishment. They protest against
being implicated in SO great wrong. To their