The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1858-08-08


that she rules all other nations. and that il is
only necessary to rely upon her flag. Alas the
conduct OF the Lberian authorities in the bloody
drama of the Regina Cli is but striking ptoof Of
the influence the English flag possesses in those
latitudes; and further, az the French semtoficial
journal properly remarks, SLAYER hunting is ad-
mirable pretext for spying and if necessary for OBJ
structing the operations of other naves. There is
no vessel trading to the African coast, (says that
journal,) which is not stopped by British cruisers.
obliged TO say whence it comes, and where il is
going to, where il intends making land, and fire.
queny to show its register where all the operations
ingly useful information, which is carefully collected
and profted by. Suppress the squadron, and this
information disappears with the control Of the Eng
lish officers and all nations wiz nave direct rela
which English commerce enjoys will be speedily
aDpihated. This u.s. in short the true and altogether
political reason why England maintains her squad
ron at an expense Of-twenty five millions.
Thus is the real state of the case and the Pdfrie
might have added to sustain its position that this
state of thipgs-this authority that the English
cruisers exercise over the vessels OF other natoass
this inquistion this surveillance which they employ
in finding out all the secrets Of their commercial
operations are based on the treaties which (in the
name OF philanthropy, of couise,) she has snatcned
from maritime Europe. Let the Potrie bring for
ward the search treatiesthose of 1883 especially,
abolished as regards France, but which have re-
manned In vigOr regards several secondary mari
time Powers which acceded to their terms and which
have been the germ and the basis OF ali posteriOr
conventionsand it will how far this information
is conformable to the right established by the incon
sderate concessions of the treaties. Let the Patr1e
take up particularly the second and the sixth arti.
Giles Of the instructions annexed to these conventions
in order to deveope the the fourth article of the text
and it will there find that the English cruisers when
they stopand they can always stop-a vessel, should
"write an exact a description Of the state of the
ship and the cargo y that in case of lawsuit-and
this may happen as often as the cruiser wshes-the
cruiser will be party to the preliminary examina-
ton, will be represented at the inspections, the pre-
pairing Of the inventories and the making up OF the
reports, of which copy shall be delivered to the
captain, and which he shall transmit to the Adj
miralty or turn to his own use or that OF
his friends. Hence it evidently follows that
when this right Of search has been exercised for
certain time, the English navy aud the English Ad
miraty will be in possession of all the secrets of the
maritime commerce OF rival navies, while at the
time, through annoyance by the cruisers, they will
have the most effcacious meaus of Obstructing it.
Will il he asked after this whether, long as her
squadron shall be maintained the coast of Africa,
England could permit her exclusive monopoly OF the
commerce OF these countries. aud then, if the en-
lehtened philanthropy which directs her policy will
allow of her entertaining troublesome uotons for its
abolition
We will revert TO all these questions as the occa-
sion is good one for erasiDg from the maritime law
OF Europe this dangerous innovation OF tue right of
search in time of peace that England has beguued
from Europe by dressing up that concession fatal
to the freedom Of the seas ia the false eoors OF too
well calculated political philanthropy The Patris
is wrong in believing that all is ended between the
United States and England, with regard to that
question. England apparently grants all the salts
faction demanded. She abaudons the right Of search,
she wlthdraws her squadron-drven as she is
by SO many imperious necessities. But she re-
serves to herself the right to assure herself Of
to verify the nationality of flags She intends
gOtiating on new bases, and Europe is and will
be the watch for these negotiations. If
the upshot Of them be the entire abandonment of
no 1uhf nf nd fhc Init cd fata
the other search treaties now existing without
foundation This treaty-our readers will excuse the
expression, which we will soon justify even in the
opinion OF the most credulous and headstrong par
Trans Of the right of monstrous treaty of
the 10th Of December, 1871, the greatest the most
dangerous, the most scandalous concession which
Europe has made to the maritime ambition OF Eng
land will doubtless be questioned: and the dly IL
shall be questioned it will quickly cease to be a por
ton Of the conventional public law of Europe.
Europe will treat it as France treated it year ago.
when France enlightened by the discussion of it
her own soil. No doubt England will not easily
give up this diplomatic conquest but what Is passing
now between her and the United States proves that
when needs must she knows how TO give up the most
ingenious conceptions Of her philanthropy when she
meets convinced and decided advcrsaries.
Translated from the st. Petersburg Of tho
Paris Prose- (July 81 for the Nxw YoaK 0rRAlp
The Russians have occupied up to the present
time very inferior rank in industry and commerce.
II would be a grievous mistake however, TO endea
aptitude on their part. The Sclavcs have played
remarkable part in the history OF Eastern commerce
From the eighth TO the twelfth century they covered
the Black Sea with their vessels. IL was from this
circumstance that il received the name OF the Rus
sian Sea, and kiew at that time was one Of the
principal commercial and industrial towns of Ei-
rope. long period of trouble misery and oppression
then commenced for Russia. But new horizons have
opened before her within a century and half and
now, enlightened by Western Europe. borne away by
her own instincts suddenly aroused she Is entering
the path OF great industrial aud commercial enter-
prises.
An immense network Of railroads will soon cover
her territory from the Baltic to the Black Sea- from
the frontiers of Austria and Prussia to the Volgr;
and already new projects are the order Of tho day.
Mr. Lubanski offers to unite by railroad Tiflis the
capital of Georgia with Warsaw and Germany and
this project is very favombly looked upon 6y the
government. The day will certainly come when
great RAILWAY will place Europe and Africa in COM
munication. But This gigantic enterprise, which,
according TO Mr.. Lubanslis estimate would involve
an expenditure of one thousand two hundred and
sixty six millions OF francs. IL not certainly near
being realized.
Another scheme still more gigantic has greatly
interested the public mind az st. Petersburg and NJ
Moscow. II Is nothing less than the construction of
railway, which, commencing at Saratow would
cross Siberia. and have its terminus at the river
Anoor, the boundary Of China and ailuent of the
Pacific ocean. Estimates have been already ide of
the cost Of construction of this colossal artery which,
being Sos Kilometres in length. would cost 100
million Of francs. You can zee by this that the Sc.
we're climate of the north does not impede the flight
Of Russian imagination. These schemes however,
only precede the positive reality but they may per
haps precedc il by an entire century. Intact. have
some difficulty In believing that the present genera
ton will be enabled TO go from Paris TO the Chinese
frontier by railroad.
II Russia wishes to make sure of a monopoly of
the trade Of Central Asia she probably has at her dis
posal less expensive means and one OF more speedy
execution, which you pointed out, seven or eight
months ago, in your journal, ia opposition TO the rail-
road projected by the English between the Mediter
raucsn and the Persian gull by the Euphrates-
mean the turning of the river Hus or Amour Deria
which almost touches India, in the upper part Of its
course, and to which should lie given its original d.
rection towards the Caspian Sea- This would give
line Ut navigation truly incompatible from st. Pc
tersburg, Nigney, Novgorod. Perm and viatks. into
cal preponderance Of Russia would then lie c.tab-