davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Nashville patriot. [volume] (Nashville, Tenn.) 1858-1860, 1858-04-17
STEAMBOAT 4 laiDer news.

ARRIVALS.
Hudson, Pittsburg.
Cuba, Paducah.
Umpire, Rowena.
Blanche Lewis, Rowena.
V.K. Stevenson, Carthage.
DEPARTURES.
Il. VI. Runyan, st. Louis
VIM. Henry.
EXPECTED.
James johnson, New Orleans.
Sligo, Up River.
The river was receding last evening with
) feet water on the Shoals.
Our up river steamers are doing heavy
tobacco business at the present time, their
freight being almost entirely confined to this
single article.
The Commerce will leave to-day for Waits
boro' and Defeated Creek. An excellent
chance for freight and passengers for up the
river.
The Blqnche Le,cts left last evening for
GAINESVILLE. where she will reship her freight
on the Nqslril7e.
The Cuba viii leave to-day for Paducah.
The .SeUeaty-!Sir is over due from Cincinnati.
Nashville patriot. [volume] (Nashville, Tenn.) 1858-1860, 1858-04-17
n A S I'll V ILL E:
SATURDAY MORNING, APRIL II, 1858.

MAY FEsrIvAL.-It is requested that all
Societies and Associations disposed to unite
in the Celebration, should report to the Com
mittee at the room of Gen. ANDERSON, (Post
Olfice1
Nashville patriot. [volume] (Nashville, Tenn.) 1858-1860, 1858-04-17
wansea immediately, 10 %

kk-~<-sA men 70 engage Ia the sale 81 the Esssi
Papplsr selllag Books America iHxaiis, uaschan
Ca farmers aad teachers, Wishing &c travel viii 0na
this very proAIaee and pleasant business saAbling
them the eoantry and make monsy The sasas
time. Asents IN the hasncss clearing ffena
$500 b. 81 800 per year. For fau fszFtcalArs and
hst a IsS0ks, address "a ~ RUiIs0s. Qacen cay,
Publishing iioass. la Msia street cscah&t 0hle 81
az iivsng ksasi. y. RplisoN Ehiiaaeiph.as Pa
ssEt. Ally
Nashville patriot. [volume] (Nashville, Tenn.) 1858-1860, 1858-04-17
RETAIL PRICE OF FLOUR.

All articles sold by the undersigned deliverable at
any place in the city free of charge When selling by
the quantity their Of discount 10 per from
retail prices. J. Z. BAUMAN L co.
Mar25-ly.
Nashville patriot. [volume] (Nashville, Tenn.) 1858-1860, 1858-04-17
The Ladies'! The Ladies.

It is well established fact that fully half Of the
female portion Of our population, are seldom in the
cuIly ment Of good health their own expires
sion ''ucvcr feel we'll" They languiI devoid Of
all energy, extremely nervous aud have NO appetite.
10 this class OF uvuiids the Hoonud's German Eat
tors are epcci1Hg recommended. Their peculiar tonic
and myisoratug properties render them Invaluable in
Nashville patriot. [volume] (Nashville, Tenn.) 1858-1860, 1858-04-17

i'm. p. Wills Home Journal advertises circulars
furnished gratis explaining the why requires
a gentleman of accomplished mechanical genius' to
operate Wheeler and Wilson's Sewing machine, and
why many excellent house keepers not do
IT, feb22-tf
Nashville patriot. [volume] (Nashville, Tenn.) 1858-1860, 1858-04-17
BANK OF COMMERCE..

NAsaSItEE, Team, jan. -, lSss.
wili give IS esHts tbs dollar Tor IAwreneebarg
money; aud ether uncsrrent Honey a. the market
price wish TO paroass sioo.ooo Of Tehasssee STATE
Bonds all ofdsr, aud wsl give Ghs hhssi market
prise lar iAad Warrants ~ any 4IaoanG
lAnlk--Q JAo n. JAMES.
Nashville patriot. [volume] (Nashville, Tenn.) 1858-1860, 1858-04-17
Dissolution.
pest once.

NASHVILLE, March %, 1883
TrRoN snd sfter the ls ~ April Tie resi o.se VIII
IL be opened >~@aays % nzl 49, - - 80
s-l,..r ~ 8 A ~ ofen again - r d ana Gloss All
= A n. 81 othes days the ulce VII be opened a
- - a 1901 b and elQ~e All y oclock, r
= X ANDElsSoN. fosi Master,
Nashville patriot. [volume] (Nashville, Tenn.) 1858-1860, 1858-04-17

E5- We wish TO inform the public that we
have just returned from the east, with a beau
tiful stock of dress goods, and feel confident
we can offer inducements to purchasers, equal
to any other Merchants in the city. If prices
are an object, we are determined to sell as
cheap as the cheapest. We would call the at
tention Of the ladies especially to lot of side
striped Berege and Muslins, which we bought
unusually cheap and will sell them the same
way. Also silks, ducals and all the different
kinds Of dress goods. Our stock of staple
goods is very complete, all of which we wish
to dispose of Immediately on terms most IA
vorable to purchasers. Call soon and ex-
anime for yourselves.
LC. NICHOLSON & CO.,
Nashville patriot. [volume] (Nashville, Tenn.) 1858-1860, 1858-04-17

r.5- For fine Pocket and Table Cutlery
call on MCCALL, VANLEER u Co.
u,ir2b-tf
Nashville patriot. [volume] (Nashville, Tenn.) 1858-1860, 1858-04-17
N OVELS

The following List OF Novels. of which late
Works, will be sold al 80 cts. per volume.
rHE OID VICARAGE; CoyE CUT CORNERS;
BLANCHE DEAEwouD; Lucy BusroN;
The Old ms; Mis-. PARuNGrON;
FLOOD FIELD: MEN AND WOMEN;
The New PURCHASE; THE MOTHER MISTAKE;
MERRY MOUNT; IASMEsE;
JANE MdNTJUY; AHHE NOTT;
Clouds AND SUNSHINE; WINNIE AND /;
HOUsEHJLp MYSTERIES; NELLIE Truro;
CIEvE HALL; \ WAYSIDE GLIAIsE
THE SECOND MARRIAGE; LIFE or SCHAMYL;
BERTHA AND LIIN, THILY AND XII;
Coon TINE CoMEC; BsECHCEoFT;
TmE MONEY MAKER; INGEyU;
CARRIE EMERSON; THE BARCLAYS;
TmE Two ROADS; LIBY;
The ToRcIuIGT; RACHEL GRAY;
FoifssT TRAGEDY, AMY LEE;
THE MASTERS House.; TIE WINKLES;
BELL SMITH ABROAD; MARRIAGE 4 LOTTERY;
Ny FIRST SEASON; Mimic LIFE;
TnE FARM FENCE; VICTORIA.
For sale by CHARLES w SMITH,
apr7-u RtG College street.
Nashville patriot. [volume] (Nashville, Tenn.) 1858-1860, 1858-04-17
Spefial l1Otifes.
Rock City Mills.
J. E. BAUmAN & Co. Proprieto

E BAUMAN & CO., Manufacturers OF ROCK CITY
-. FLOUR will pay the highest price at all tunes,
Wheat and Corn their Mills OF Line and
Cherry Streets Nashville, Tenn.
Nashville patriot. [volume] (Nashville, Tenn.) 1858-1860, 1858-04-17
NOTICE.

afa meeting e Ms Directors e slas tense.see ns-
800 ii 40 dalars seF share declared eat q ne
.sSs a lie IA. no11h1 p4y able n c4sA a he a.
bee u <Aia oor4panf. ~.vo -.
aprI-<w W. n~t-1-Ns '~~S-
Nashville patriot. [volume] (Nashville, Tenn.) 1858-1860, 1858-04-17
VICTORIOUS FOR FAMILY USE


1T the late Mechanics Fair, held In the
a City Of Nashville, in October. 1851, the
Judges appointed to examine articles In Class
4s-No. II, GROVER 4 BAKEK's Sewing Ma
cbines: No. I64, SiNGEK s-REPORT upon
the PRINCIPAL points aud merits o. the TWO
machines a. follows:
The machines are both two-thread machines.
that IL. using two separate threads for making
an. stitch; tha; 81 GEovER A BAKER using tho
thread from COMMON SPoOLS WITH TWO
NEEDLES; and that Of SINeEK's using one
spoOl And one needle. the other thread work
ing from BOBBIN ENCLOSED IN A SHUT
TIE, and. In the Opiaioa Of the committee. Il
b..st adapted % FINE CLOTHING, SAD
DLERY. &c.
The GROVER 4 RAKER a. the LEAST
COMPLICATED MACHINERY, AND, OF
COURSE. EASIER MANAGED; advantage
Of USING SPOOI-S WITHOUT kEwIND
ING aad, with She exception Of hae cloth
ing, saddlery, 6c, la The opinion o. thc
Committee l. BEST SUITED FOR FAMILY
USE
G1- The part Of this report referring 20
The Singer Machine as best adapted 20 Inc
Clothing Was Intended TO be UNDERSTOOD
By THE COMMITTEE - hea FOR MANU-
FEATURING CLOTHING BY TAILORS,
IN WORK SHOPS. &C. THE SANE IN
REFERENCE TO SADDLERl, &C.
xAsHvILLE sKwING-MAcHrNE COMPANY.
No. 4. PUBLIC SQUARE.
Nszhsiile, Tenn
Nsxhviias. fsan.. Szss-ry -. isss-a
Nashville patriot. [volume] (Nashville, Tenn.) 1858-1860, 1858-04-17
Notice Of Dissolution.

FINHE partnership existing between n. LASfER
Il GEu. NfLtI.i., under the style cf r. LASiER
Co. = this day dissolved 4. iAncr having PurchAs
AEes eatlrc interest the late Arm alone
authorized settle Up Tie same. D. I.ANiFk.
Mar. IS, 1855 GEo. NlLEll-
e. Referring % the above notice, take great
pleasure IN Recommending % nay fricuds my ate
soelaIe IA business, NJ. D. IaEier, senlieEaaa
every way wortay u tAeir c0uunucd patronage
March IS. lass. GU. AIkklL
Nashville patriot. [volume] (Nashville, Tenn.) 1858-1860, 1858-04-17
River News

ST. Louis, April lG.-The river has been
stationary for the last sc hours.
The Mississippi is stationary at Dubuque
Nashville patriot. [volume] (Nashville, Tenn.) 1858-1860, 1858-04-17
Change Of Schedule.
s5ls ESE:ss g s=5tt5 8. :: 81
NASHVILLE AND CHATTANOOGA RAILROAD.
rs DOUBLE DAILY TRAINS ~
EACH WAY OVER yEIE ROAD.

ON aud after THURSDAY April sub, 1855, the Pls.
" srngcr Train viii run as follows
Leave Nashville daily at , 4. NJ a,ii o +. VI.
Arriving mt Chaitanuug M -.-u = NJ and - \. NJ
Leave Chattanooga U lOsIp 4. 81 and J; . J.. NJ.
Arriving NJ NushVill. at 3.lU A. ". and = To T. NJ
Passengers Tor the East, Via. Wilmington, =. G., can
leave Nashville on either uau, .,ua LitNr ,.uSc Goa
ntctious throughout Ma. knoxville, Team, aud
IyuChburg, Va, ,Iiudd lrIy. Nashville ON the morn
ing train to make the connection.
Passengers for Memphis leave Ntshyl" ou thc \.
NJ train, which connects at Stevenson with NJ. y {.
Railroad.
Those Tor McNiinnvllo and Sparta VIII leave Nash
willie the T. Nj. train, which connects directly at
Tulahoua with the train Tor NrNnuviiir. The train
which leaves McMmuyilc at 1880 connects nh the
day from Chattanooga aud arrives at Nashville at
$40 =. NJ
At Nashville there IL daily connection with boats
for 81 Louis Cincinnati, Louisville, Memphis, New Or
leans rttsburg &c, &c. also daily hue OF stages Tor
Louisville.
Through Tickets can be procured az the Depot before
the starting Of the trains, for MCMuuyllr Huntsville,
Memphis, Junction Atlanta, Macon, Montgomery Char
lesion savannah Augusta, Wilmington and knoNN die
q. l.. ANDERSON,
apr6-tc General Ticket Agent
Nashville patriot. [volume] (Nashville, Tenn.) 1858-1860, 1858-04-17
yOEhN NONN a. CO,
Book Sellers, BOOk-Binders and
Blank-BO0k Manufacturers.
No. SO Union Street,
Nashville, Tennessee.
The American Almanac, for 1853.

llvIugStpu"'S south Africa.
The Plant Hunters, by Capt Reid.
The -Four SIstcrS-tuJhOr Of Harvey and his homes.
Adventures OF man IN search OF a horse
American EOqUcnca.
The Horse Of America, by Frank Forester.
For sale by JOHN YORK X co.
Nashville patriot. [volume] (Nashville, Tenn.) 1858-1860, 1858-04-17
CHEAP FOR CASH.

ITO make room for new supplies, will sell my re-
Il naming stock Of HE4 " BOOTS SHOES AND
BROGANS at cost for Cash. have also various
kinds of LADIES, MISSES and GILL DREN'S wear,
at reduced prices Call for cash bargains College
street, JOHN RAMAGE.
aprJ-u
Nashville patriot. [volume] (Nashville, Tenn.) 1858-1860, 1858-04-17

Thomas b McEwen Il ais rs. Nance Matlock ct ais,
and Nance MatIock Ct ais Thus. b. McEWen etals.
IN pursuance of a decree OF the Chancery Court at
Nashville at IL November Term, 1851, la the above
causes vail sell the Public square IN this city,
ON the 24IH DAY OF APRIL, 1888, 10 the highest bid
der on credit Of one two and three years Lots Nos.
L. - and u in the division Of the Wilson's Spring
property On one oI these Lots Wilson's Spring Is
situated &. D. BRlhN, e. & NJ,
marlO-td Chancery Court al Nashville.
The Ottawa free trader. [volume] (Ottawa, Ill.) 1843-1916, 1858-10-02
The Contest

We are given to understand that the next
issue of the o tawa Republican is to contain
gross charges against the democratic candi-
dates of this county. They are going to
"throw down the glove" as they term it,
"and let that man who dare take it up, do
So" Or in other pretty republican sayings.
"they are going in on their nerre." We
hope they will have good time of it, and
if the starch is not taken out Of their pugi'
listic bodies it will be on account Of their
willingness to leave the field. Since Gray
has sacrificed himself for the purpose Of be-
coming the Republican leader, they depend
upon him to do all the work. Gray had bet
ter take the $l1e0, he has deposited in
the Bank fer electioneering purposes and
give it to the poor, it will do more good
1t is possible the republican party are so
destitute Of common sense as to believe they
can get even one democrat to think there is
word of truth in all they can say or do
and as for their organ, which contains all
the biilinssgate slang Of some few aspiring
(would beg members of Congress, they can
not conceive Of any greater falsehoods than
have already decorated its columns. Love-
JOY is going to lose the support of 'old line
Wings" without doubt! They have grown
tired Of him. They look upon him now as
he is, and are not willing again to degrade
themselves by sending man to congress
who advocates doctrine 40 odous as to
not only disgrace himself but those who
placed him there.
The Ottawa free trader. [volume] (Ottawa, Ill.) 1843-1916, 1858-10-02
The Atlantic Gable.

The Arabia, which arrived from Europe
on W Wednesday, brings rather discouraging
a'vices in reference 10 the Atlantic Tele-
graph. We copy portion Of the dispatch
es Of the Arabies news:
The Times publishes long letter from a
correspondent at Ealenta in regard to the
difficulty on the Atlantic cable.
The view is ra,beY a discouraging one, but
it is nevertheless stated that Mr.. Hanley,
who has beenfor some days making expert
msnts on the cable, is sangune Of making
the line again servicable by the use OF his
powerful magnetic electric machines, which
are now on their way from London. Mr.
Lundly, one Of the assistants has come to
Newfoundland TO ascertain the condition OF
the wire at Trinity Bay, and to arrange a
day on which a certain known code of sig
nails are to be sent at concerted times from
both ends, and to cndeavor thus to re es-
iablish ineligible communication. The
Times Of the 7th says the shares had declined
to between e420 and EGO. 1t appears
that the recent experiments induced belief
that the fracture or fractures, for it is
thought that there may be two, will be
found at a distance of between two hundred
or three hundred miles from the shore
For about 230 or $40 miles, the depth is
only 40 fatho ms, and within that range the
mischief could easily be repaired; but a
sudden descent then occurred to 1,5lS faith
oms, where it was extremely doubtful If
anything could be done. The probability
seems that it is at this abrupt point where
the damage has been sustained.
The Ottawa free trader. [volume] (Ottawa, Ill.) 1843-1916, 1858-10-02

A FIRST RATE PUT.-At the Supreme
court W., Mrs. Sarah A. Mott was divorced
from her husband, Darwing Mott. The
Rutland Herald gives the following account
efthis worthy, which for Piih is rarly equal
ed:
I'VE know this man, Darwin Nott-he
came to ST. Adams with = long face, q sill
yer headed cane and d." Rev" prshxed TO
his name. He preached one faith = few
months and suddenly changed it. He preach
ed and went huntIgs the same cay. lie
preached on temperance land the people
were as.onshsd at his stolen lectures and
feigned modesiy.) and got drunk. He lee
tured to young ladie. and played the admir-
er. He kept bad school, edited reckless
paper, stole money and charged the thief,
upon the servant girl-got the office Of dep
uty inspecter-gos drunk upon struggled
li9uor-took one shirt, another mans wife,
and bundle of manuscript sermons and
ran away from bis own wife, bis paper and
q crowd Of creditors"
That certainly is marked example Of
condensed writing. We wonder how the
"Reverend" Darwin Mott likes tie style.
The Ottawa free trader. [volume] (Ottawa, Ill.) 1843-1916, 1858-10-02
TAOs. Dyer for Congress.


The Hon. Thos. Dyer, of Chicago, who
was nominated on Thursday of last week,
by the democratic congressional convention
at Sterling for Congress against Farnsworth,
has written glorious letter to the COMMIT
tee Of the convention, accepting the nomI-
nation. Mr.. Dyer expresses his devotion TO
the principles of the democratic party as
enunciated at Cincinnati in 1856, and then
in rapid but most nervous review, exhibits
in its proper light the course Of the present
administration in laboring to distract and
defeat the democracy of Iliaois, We sub
join single paragraph:
The Democratic delegation from this State
voted against the English bill because it dis
criminated between slave and free States
Offering immediate admission to Kansas as a
slave State with population of $4,000, and
threatening non-admission as a free State
until there was a population of 1920. -
Since then, however, the Democratic party
Of all the Northern States, through their
candidates for Congress, including Mr.. Eng
lish himself and all his colleagues, have re-
pudiated the unjust provision. They are
all, however, acknowledged by the admins.
tration as good Democrats. But here in Hill
nois all who will not stand by and support
a measure which IS clearly wrong, and is re-
pudia;ed by its author and the entire people
| Of all other States, are hunted and pursued
with q bitterness that is only reconcilab!s
with that description Of insanity which ends
! in suicide.
The Ottawa free trader. [volume] (Ottawa, Ill.) 1843-1916, 1858-10-02
Lincoln at Earlviile.

EAELyILLE, Sept. -.
EDIToE LITTLE GIAST:-Do the abolition
lists still stick TO Lincoln about Ottawa
Since Lincoln's Chsrlsstown speech, that
party in this plac. are quite enrased at IN.
course he is pursuing. they swear they will
not support him. They say his insonsls,sn-
cy is but to plain to be sesn; they say he is
q traitor to the party who nominated him
for the off re Of L. 5. senator at Springfield.
One aboitionist IN particular declared that
from the first time he saw Abe, that he
was fearful Of his doing as he had done
that he knew by his ricke,y and fee bic
limbs that he never would be able TO walk
TO the right spot. Abe IS deserted here
The aboitionist had a rind Of donk.h paw
paw the other night to try once more to re-
consile their friend, who had denounced
Abe in such round terms, but it proved
total failure. The democracy are as a unit
her.-glory and victory will surely follow.
EAELyILLE
The Ottawa free trader. [volume] (Ottawa, Ill.) 1843-1916, 1858-10-02
WAsuINGIoN Sent 9th

W hoh'-''!Ns>, ~SPs- - ale
Gov Denver writing to the Sec'y of tine
interior, Sept. 18th, says that late arrivals
from Pixies Peak, leaves DO room to doubt
the correctness Of the reported discovery Of
gold in that vicinity. The explorers have
found god in the Arkansas, On the head Of
the h snsas, and on the south fork Of the
Platte rivers EN- bracing an extent ofcountry
Of more than 800 miles. Tn. richest mines
yet found are on Cheney creek, tributary
OF the south Platte, directly north OF Pike 5
Peak. Gov. Denvers had not yet heard Of
quartz, hut the best information would seem
TO indicate great similarity between these
mines and the first discoveries in California
Ia view Of the present condition Of affairs in
that region, Gov. Denvers q vises that the
lands there be Withdrawn from presumption
if they are open to settlement, leaving them
on ths footing OF the shining districts Of Cal
ifornis, free for all who may see fit to en-
gage in working the mines.
The country he believes is or has been
claimed by the Utahs, Cheynnes, the kio-
was and the Arapahoes, and he does not
know that their title to it has ever been ex-
tingu shed. fit has not there will be NO
trouble IN Withdrawing the lands from the
operations Of the presumption laws and if 1t
has, they ought 10 be Withdrawn anyhow,
and the facts and reasons reported to con-
gress next winter. 1t would, he adds, be
advisable 10 send out some competent per-
son to examine the mines and report the
facts in connection with them. The survey
of the r. r. route from Hudson TO Superior
and Bayfield,, Wis, distance Of lG4 miles
has been approved by the Secy. ef the inte-
rior which secures to the Co, a large and
valuable tract of land.
The Ottawa free trader. [volume] (Ottawa, Ill.) 1843-1916, 1858-10-02
My Xnpr Oct

I'VE" 1ORk, Ocs. i.
The committee appointed / y the executive
committee Of Staten Island, on Quarantine
matters, to call upon the coRmi ssioners for
Quarantine removal and examine their plan
for the construction Of floating hospitals,
having reported the particulars of their in
terview, and that they have examined the
plan and approve Of the same and that the
spot selected for the structure is at least two
miles from the shore of Staten Island :;
therefore,
Resolred, That this committee cordially
approve of the action Of the commissioners
for removal, and Of their plans, and will
heartily cooperate with them in carrying
out their plans reported upon as far as lies
in their power.
Resolred, That in the opinion Of this com
mittee the plans of the commissioners for re-
moval are approved by the state authorities,
and such action will general satisfaction to
the citizens of Staten Island, and will allay
ali prejudices against the Quarantine ins,itu-
ton.
Copy Of resolutions passed Oct, lss, 1853.
LSignedl MATHEW BARRETT, Gin.
NM. Ii. VANDERBILT, .Sea'y.
The Ottawa free trader. [volume] (Ottawa, Ill.) 1843-1916, 1858-10-02
Vice President Breckenridge.

We have seen a private letter from gen.
tleman residing in Kentucky, in which the
writer states that he has had a CONVEX sation
with the Hon. J. c. Breckenridge, and that
the Vice President freely and earnestly ex-
pressed himself in favor of Douglas re-elec-
ton, and declared his willingness, if it would
contribute TO that end, to visit Illinois and
make addresses in his favor.
The announcement Of the name Of the
Vice President by the Danites as speaker
at their meetings in this state was wholly
unauthorized Chicago Times, 2sh.
We have, within a week, conversed with
two prominent men of this State-ons q
Judge and the other an ex-Judge-who,
within the last two weeks, had called on the
Vice President at his own home in Ken
lucky. The conversation naturally turning
upon the canvass in Illinois, both these gen.
tleEian assure us that the Vice President
had, in the strongest terms, expressed him
self in favor OF Judge Douglas reelection,
and his willingness to aid him if in his pow
The Ottawa free trader. [volume] (Ottawa, Ill.) 1843-1916, 1858-10-02

CALiFoRSIA ELEcTIoN.-The California
mail. which arrived at New York on Monday,
brings the intelligence that tho admins
tration party" have carried the state by
from six to ten thousand majority. Thisfact
il seized upon by the Danites Of thi. State,
and made the occasion Of great jubiatlon
over the democracy Of Illinois that support,
Douglas, a. if a triumph of the democracy,
friendly to the administration anywhere was
triumph over Doug as.
The simple fact Of the case is, that in
California the republicans tried the came
dodge they were six months ago attic inp,ins
in this state.
They dropped their own name, and called
themselves the Peoples Party" The eI.
pectation was that by this means they would
be able to draw off from the regular demo
cratic organization enough antiLeq omp.on
democrats to defeat the democratic party.
But the California democratic convention
had the good sense to ignore LecOmp,0n a.
an issue, and thus the whole party stood and
worked together, and the result was, as 1t
will be in Illinois, that the regular organi-
zaton trumphed.