The daily exchange. [volume] (Baltimore, Md.) 1858-1861, 1858-11-20
NRY TILE AVEPIhNn MALI

]
which was very dusty and dsagreeable
At the new gold diggings on ella river the
miners were making from 81 to $50 per day. The
water in the river with which they conduct their
mining operations, getting quite low THE
stock on this side of the desert was in fine order
and very efficient, but along the desert the mules
were IN wretched condition. Stations are rapidly
sprnging up, and accommodations along the route
are being rapidly increased
- The exceeding regularity in the arrival of the
overland Mail from st. Louis had excited the won
Ger OF our San Francisco cotemporaries The Sc
cond was set down on the 18th and the third on tho
lith. They speak of the demonstration made on
those occasions past all description The streets
were denseiy thronged with people wild with ex-
citement, and yells, cheers and other extrayaqant
manifestations of delight greeted the arrival of the
coaches. The inhabitants looked altogether to the
overland conveyances for Atlantic news as the
steamers brought nothing of interest, their dates
having been anticipated by horse power
The Company's office in San Francisco had more
Applications from passengers than could be accom-
modated, and the route rapidly increasing in
favor as thoroughfare of travel to the Atlantic
States.
A detachment of twenty men of the ROYAL En-
giheers, sent from England, were among the pas
sengers on board the Pacific, which left San Fran
cisco on the goth inst. for Victoria v l.
The Stockton Argus, in late ISSUE throws a
new light on the massacre of Crabbe and party in
Sonora, about year since. That journal saws that
G u; was iured to Sonora by Pasqueira, under
the promise of being permitted to occupy large
grant OF land between the Mexican settlement and
hostile Apaches for the avowed purpose of protect
ing the inhabitants against the incursions of the
savages. Pasqueira, it seems had another scheme
in view which was to join the Americans ina move
ment for the annexation of Sonora to the United
States, should he fail in establishing his supremacy
through the revolution of that time distracting the
State Gandara, his opponent, then in the CITY of
Mexico, denounced him to the General Government
charging him with treason. Fearing the conse.
quences, Pasquelra, to establish his innocence of
the charge, coolly murdered the party he had in
VlteQ thther, and sent n tha I'm
to the city of Mexico, evidence of his loyalty
The report from the mining districts are gene.
rally favorable. At Campo Seeo, rich quartz
vein had been discovered. At Poverty Bar and
San Antonio Ridge the prospects of the miners
were unusually good.
The murder Of Mrs. Neal the store keeper at
Cooks Bar, by Chinese, who was Immediately
executed, excited great but temp orary excite
ment in that neighborhood.
The OreJonion describes the capture and execu.
ton of the Indian chief Qualchin. He fought to
the last, six men being required to put the rope
around his neck. Other chiefs had been captured
or suing for peace.
The influenza is now epidemic in San Francisco.
Notwithstanding the large amount of merchan-
disc now at Salt Lake, the prices of all essential
commodities are exorbitant. Coffee and sugar sell
rapidly at Csc per pound; domestic and other cot
ton fabrics from 20 to Soc per ward; whiskey (coro-
NOM IS per gallon, and other things in proportion
ARIZONA.
correspondent of the New York Herald
cription of the country:
This extensive portion Of the public domain came
into our possession about four years ago. 1t ex-
! tends in north and south line from the thirty
fourth parallel of north latitude to lat 81 deg 20
min. N, having New Mexico the north and the
Mex lean States of Sonora and chihuahua on the
south, and extending from the western boundary of
Texas to the eastern boundary of California form
| cd by the Great Colorado river. The chief physi-
cal peculiarites of this immense tract of country
its great and lofty chains of mountains between
which are vast rolling plains and a medium amount
of rich river bottom land. Timber of very fine
quality is found in almost all part of the country
| in the mountains pine, fir, cedar, and oak of the
| largest growth, are very plenty; while along the
river courses ash, sycamore, buttonwood cotton
| wood, black walnut, blackberry and large musuueet
are to be bad in abundance.
| The plains are covered with rich gramma and
other grasses during most of the year, particularly
after plentiful supply ol rain. The temperature
! of the climate is delightful, averaging between &C
and 10 degrees Fahrenheit, with fall of about ten
| inches of rain during the year, which falls chiefly
during the months of August, September and 0cto-
| Der, constituting ouT~&rainy season." Snow falls
but seldom, and is chiefly confined to the noun
tains. During the wet malarious fevers pre-
| vail extensively throughout the whole Territory
But for this exception the climate would be equal
| to that of the middle and northern parts of New
Mexico, which is nequalled for saubritv and agree
ability by any other country in the world.
The amount OF land suitable for agricultural pur-
| poses is very small when compared with the extent
of the country but of the most fertile and produc-
tive character as has been satisfactorily proved by
the cultivation of almost all kinds of cereals fruits
and vegetables, OF the most superior quality. Irri
CATION is requisites but this trouble is repaid by the
! production OF two crops during the season.
! In Arizona the raising Of stock must take the
place of extensive farming the climate and soil
are better ADAPTED for that kind of industry Not
quite fifty years ago the rich "rancherias' of the
Spanish settlers counted their cattle by the hun
dred thousand; but the neglect of the weak govern
ment OF Mexico, which abandoned that great source
NJ IN tha ,nf,r
bands of pache Indians, whose haunts are situated
in the mountain Businesses lying in the regions i'm
mediately north of the Rio ella has depopulated
the country, and left it without the shadow of
Its former wealth. Surely powerful govern
ment and thrifty people can overcome the power of
those relentless marauders, and once more repeople
those rich and extensive stock FARMS and again fill
| them with the fruits of industry.
! The Overland Mail Company, which is the first
step towards opening up and developing this coun-
try, has now placed within eight DAYS travel of
San Francisco. By the aid of steam and RAILWAYS
few years must of necessity bring us still nearer
where ready market will always be found for the
produce of this land. AT present sheep that can be
bought here for one dollar twelve shiings will
sell for from four to six dollars in California Cat
tie that sell here TOR eight or ten dollars will bring
forty to fifty there. Thus NAV be seen some of the
real advantages possessed by this country But this
IS not al her mineral productions are equally ia
vorable, both as regards their variety and produc-
tiveness. Cold, silver, iron, copper, lead zinc tin
anthony, bismuth, alum, arsenic and sulphur have
been found throughout all parts of the Territory.
Silver, copper and lead mines are beinn worked on
the most extensive scale. The wealth of the silver
mines is almost fabulous. There are now five mi
ming companies taking out silver the ores of some
OF which bid fair to yield greater fortunes than
those OF Peru or Mexico There are two commands
working copper mines as rich as those of the Lake
Superior regions. These mines give employment
to many hundred workmen, and will, one of these
days, make Arizona the brightest State in the
American constellation The amount of CAPITAL in
vested in all these mines is about half million dol
! lars.
Before concluding | must say few words con-
corning our population and the wants of the coun-
| try. But regret cannot say as much in favor of
| the former AS have the foregoing subjects
The population of this Territory, according to the
proposed limits, amounts to between 9 900 and 2
900 souls which includes the military but not the
Indians The "Pueblo Indians" Pmos, Maricopas
and Papagoes, who are partly civilized and cult
vate extensively, amount to about 1000; whilst the
wild or savage Indians, consisting of the Miembres
Coyoteros, Mogoones, Pinaenos, Tontos, Yumas
Cosninis and Chillicahuhuis, may be put down at
10000, which is considered rather under than over
the true estimate. The Mexican portion of the
community amounts to LOCO or i 700, and are
mostly engaged in agricultural or pastoral pursuits
They are chiefly composed of motley mixture of
the descendants of the Spanish and Indian races;
of cheerful but lazy disposition; poor proud su
perstitious, and with few isolated exceptions en-
tirelv devoid of any kind of education. The re-
mainder of our people formed of Europio-
Americans; so it will be seen at once that Arizona
has a rather mixed population, judging from which
| it may be surmsed that social harmony does not
form remarkably strong element in their personal
relations toward each other.
TExAs-The Galveston Ne,cs says: There was
decrease in the taxable property of San Francisco
California, for the present fiscal year, as compared
with the lase, of considerably more than
81, 5O0,O 00 The caseis somewhat different in Texas
though we cannot show much gold. The in
crease of taxable property in this State in 1857 over
1856 was so, 290, $50, and this year the increase
over 1851 s S. 793, 672, and had the value of mer
chandse on hand at the commencement of the year
been assessed, the increase would have been shown
to be about the the previous year. or about
s per cent. These facts are shown by the assess
ment tables of our almanac.
Mr.. Wood, of Washington, is putting I'D distil-
lery for the manufacture of wine from the Chinese
sugar cane. The wine is made from the cane
nothing being added except little juice of the
mustang grape
The corner stone of Soue University was laid at
Chapel Hill on the I'd. collection was taken up
and about So, 900 raised.
| WESTERN MARYLAND RAILRoAD.-From Carroll
county papers we learn that G. Somerville Norris
ESQ.,, who went to England on business connected
with this road, has returned. He purchased iron for
the entire road, and made the first payment of S32
600 on the whole COST and also negotiated an
amount of Bonds with the parties from whom he
purchased. Some IS or so hands are busy grading
the road few miles below Westminster, and the
work advances rapidly. The Contractors have a
portable steam saw mill at work Reisterstown,