The daily exchange. [volume] (Baltimore, Md.) 1858-1861, 1858-10-02


trail America vastly important to the commercial
world, and especially to the United States whose
possessions extending along the Atlantic and Paci-
tic coasts, demand the speediest and the easiest
modes OF communication. While the Just rights of
sovereignty of the States occupying this region
should always be respected, shall expect that
these rights will be exercised in a spirit BETTING
the occasion and the wants and circumstances that
have arisen. Sovereignty has its duties as iceH as ats
rights, and none Of these local governments evcn If ad-
ainistcred ruth more regard to the lust demands
Of other nations than they hare been, ,comd
be PermtHed an spirit Of eastern isolo-
tom to close these gates Of Intercourse the great hgh
rays Of the ,eord, and Justify the act by the pretensjon
that these Of trade and traUeL Jelong to them
and that they choose to shut them, or, what is al
most equivalent to cucumber them with such I'M
just regulations would prevent the general use.
The United States do not seek either the control or
the exclusive Of these routes. They desire that
the advantages should be equally common to all
nations. Nor do they claim to interfere with the
local governments in the determination of the oues-
tions connected with the opening of the routes and
with the persons with whom contracts NAV be made
for that purpose. What they do desire-and mean
to accomplish-s that the great interests involved
in this subject should not be sacrificed to anv I'M
worthy motive, but should be guarded from abuse:
and that when contracts fairly entered into with
American citizens they should not be wantonly VIC
lated.
cially, have in fact, by their public proceedings in
vted the cooperation of the capital and industry
and enterprise of the world in order to open these
lines of communication. The citizens ofthe United
States have contributed their full share towards the
accomplishment of the enterprise and this govern
ment intends to use the in its power to pro-
tect them in the enjoyment of their rights. The
good faith of Nicaragua has been committed and
large sums have been expended looking to its faith
full observance.
As to the Belly contract he says: ''The work 1.-THE
opening of a transit route) is opel to NJ. Belly
and his associates as to any other enterpris-
ing person. There are but two points con
nected with this matter which have any interest
for the United States or would Justify their inter
vention. The first is that contract with Mr.
Belly, or with any one, indeed, should interfere
with engagements previously existing with Ameri-
can citizens, but that all such engagements should
be preserved involate. And the second is that the
regulations and conditions of the grant should be
such to render the routes free and safe to all ma
tiOns, but controlled by no one and upon moderate
and reasonable terms"
81 will bring to your notice one extraordinary stip-
uaton, which it could scarcely have been expect
ed would be acceptable to the United States, and
which must have been entered into in the antcipa-
ton of their objections to it.
"This obnoxious arrangement provides that the
French government shall have the right to keep
two shipsof-war stationed in the waters of Lake
Nicaragua for the entire duration of the works.
81 am persuaded that this proposition will meet
no favor from the French government and that its
name has been introduced here unwarrantably and
without its knowledge. The equality and security
ton of their value to the world, and all commercial
Powers are interested in their maintenance. An
exclusive right in of these Powers to exercise
permanent armed intervention would give serious
cause of dissatisfaction to all the others and the
United States freely their determination to
oppose such measure, should the governments of
Costa Rica and Nicaragua attempt to carry it into
effect"
After saying that this government has no dspo-
siton to determine the interests of parties claiming
the right of opening a transit, Mr.. Cass says =
"But what it has the right to do, and what it is
disposed to do, is to require that the government of
Nicaragua should act in good faith towards them,
and should not arbitrarily and wrongfully divest
them of rights justly acquired and soemny guaran-
teed.
''The United States believe it to be their duty
and they mean to execute ito watch over the
persons and property of their citizens visiting foreign
countries, and to intervene for their protection when
such action is justified by existing circumstances
and by the laws of nations. Wherever their citi-
liens may go through the habtable globe, when
they encounter injustice they may appeal to the gov
eminent of their country and the appeal will be
amined into, with view to such action
on their behalf as it may be proper to take.
1t is impossible to define in advance and
with precision those cases in which the
national power may be exerted for their relief or
to what extent relief shall be afforded. Circum-
stances as they arise must prescribe the rule of
ton. In countries where well defined and estab-
llshed laws are in operation, and where their adj
ministration is committed to able and independent
Judges cases will rarely occur where such interven
ton will be necessary. But these elements of
hdence and security are not everywhere found; and
where that is unfortunately the case the United
States are called upon to be more vigilant in
over their citizens, and to interpose
efficiently for their protection, when they sub
jected to toruous proceedings by the direct action
of the government, by its indispositon or inab-
ity to discharge its duties.''
Mr. CaSs concludes his valuable document with
two paragraphs, which too important and too
full of meaning to admit of any mutilatiOn. They
are as follows:
''Ths government, however, yet INDUCES the
hope that a returning sense of justice may induce
the governments of Nicaragua and Costa Rca to re-
cognise their duties and to afford redress for the
serious causes Of complaint which the United
States have urged. But 1t IS proper they should both
distinctly understand that the american people and
government h0re yieIdcd enough to the readiness of
those republics, and 'rhout doing them injustice, they
'cW NOR take and dojustice to Themselves
"Preparatory to such action as may be necessary,
a naval force will be stationed at San Juan del
Norte and also at San Juan del Sur and at Realejo
with orders to afford all necessary protection to the
persons and property of American citizens; and the
officers will be directed to commu-
ncate with you, and you will not fail to keep them
advised upon all the subjects which may relate to
the execution of the duties thus entrusted to
them
HARVESTS.
IRELAND.-The Carton Post has the following sat
lsiactory report:-"Our harvest prospects, thanks
to merciful and bcnefcent Providence are all that
could be desired. We are not yet in possession of
the returns made up by the constabuary, under d-
rection of the Register General but have reason
to know that, when published, they will show that
there has been a considerable increase in the sum
total of the cereal crops compared with the pre-
vious years Oats never promised better, and even
the ate-sOWn were more advanced than could have |
been expected by the most sanguine when the seed
was putting into the ground. As to the 'murphies'
their appearance promises the most prolific return |
IF sound healthy tubers that ever gladdcned the |
heart of a farmer. There are some correspondents |
IF the Dublin journals, in the northern counties es-
Decially, who croak out that the potato there ex-
libits symptoms of blight out we attach but little
credit to such mendacous scribblers The harvest |
'utting is already far advanced; though in some
places adjacent to the town of Carlow the sckel has
not yet commenced operations. Everyt thing prom
ses favorable to a plentiful year-glorous tidings
or the poor"
ScorLAND.-It is generally believed among agri-
'uturiSts that the wheat crop of the present year
will be one f-the finest and heaviest that has been
capped fer many seasons. An extraordinary case
If large return of this crop has come under our
lOtice. farmer in East Lothian who aas lust
hrashed out the crop five and a half Scotch
cres finds the produce of this field to be Ill bolls
II 444 bushels The wheat was of the kind known
s Hunters Variety, and after potatoes.
The yield Is about twelve quarters to the imperial