New-York daily tribune. [volume] (New-York [N.Y.]) 1842-1866, 1858-08-26
c,.RyARIEE TELEGRAPHIHG.

,oft
ea.rs, - fO~rH pvpopr
,is delays ossefyed in the 'ransnis,iof c
hn~.s rb;cb cross Sa diois gss a. fts; surprised
drP''T intervals the. were noticed between th'
N~e. Che dispatches we're presented al Malta, anC
'w. Dion at the sgsri sts,ion-principauy whet
tb,,s diips ches were OF conslaeFsoie length oeH
sni,ec: Lsbtusl neg isence tue part Of the
smnlo,ess at the Csgdsr jitccn Iaqarel as 70 tns
q he delay. vas told hat the difficulty wa
:, the ne,Lod u,ed in t6is lns N consequences o. .'s
1rt,oxr ipeopyeniepces OF submarine cables woi3h
-. v-,s..r here. a. the li:eJ from CagHsi 10
Am, AID nom Malta 20 Corfu srs each nsariy COO
z;lonsters about 375 milssl, much 0pgef tnso a'y
sv;or,,y sxsting l. therefore, Deem it useful to ex-
~, !, sou. detail the Effects which have bsen OBJ.
s,,v.d the CONSEQUENCES which result there'om for
the service, AID the importance OF discovering
remedy.
tonposed Of very fec copper wire, around whlon are
twisted Fix simar wives Of equal hnenes al 10 ifee
contact with one another 30 that II one or more OF
th,n shouId break, the transmission would no. os
Interrupted. The W res together form q coio Vi
about two uimeres 1-l6 ircbl 10 diameter, c0veiea
with guits-perchs case Of two rnilllmster' aho
feoonc envelop Of tsrred hemp. EIshteen ron "nes,
awo nipime,ers ia disrneter tsrted in an extended
pDirs il cose the whoe aud form the outer covering
ohe cab the total dsmster of which is thus carried
20 IA n,insters (sbout i,ch), aud weight 547 kio-
sr.umes per kilometer about 2 900 b per mils The
two ex,reIntes Of the c.bis both at Malta and Csg
All ae faster pieces of wire on the laud, each
akIome ore (abtut miles long.
After tie experiments msde in England spd else
where 10 3imirsh tue difficulties which foreseen
II was decided to employ for Transmission Induced
,sc,s cprfspts, with piles OF large surface, and
,,cs apparatus to chspge the direction Of the current
alternately.
Jo spite Of oil these precautions, the following effects
have beer experienced
the transmiesiop is made too rapidly, the signals
,s,outce,tsn 10 TO become uninteligbe; il is bet
Gar therefore, to be very GLOW in making them Bat
esvsrs irconvenences reaut from this Such adegree
# ,pecisl skill lie eqared in the operator that among
the EMPLOYEES at Mats for instance, only one was able
70 tspsm. the signals satisfactorily. Pauses OF nearly
saoord must be ede that SCARCELY Is signsss can
h. transmitted in mituts-thst is to cay, bat two CT
WORTHWHILE on the land lire the average rans-
mission il tns came time s go signals, perhaps ten
FOds.
B,sjd,,-pripcip.ly to svoid the difficulty of q eur.
rent generated in the opposite direction called return
,ursn.-.bs apparatus is so arranged, that during the
t,.n,rsi,siop fom ole SIDE nothing csn be received
from the other nor csn the current be interrupted
the operator to whom the message is transmitted can
not therefore give notice if word has escaped him;
tslcs tbe necessity of suspending the transmission
sbcu. eveIy ten words aud reversing the apparatus,
70 ascertain if everything is understood and If the
words must be repeated before going further. Tni'is
onf,p Of 4 n
onersor ia not able to calculate the interval of the
p,uxs precisely, the coofusion Of the signals makes
feous,t repetilions necessary, which lnost iodef-
,i., troongs the dui alton Of dispstch. Finally, it
i impossible to ocrain sGple points from the iostru-
Eeut, fol in workiog rspidy, either get no signal
a. ALL or line; hence, Moses alphabet, instead Of
giving points and nes is reduced to merely long and
short lines This enough to show the Danger Of con-
fusion aod mistake
To give an idea of the delay thus produced, it is
only Necessary 10 cite the example OF dispatch, NO
2.426 Of Dec 8. Tuis dipatch consisting of So
words aud coptsnnR news from lnds, took more than
Eve houIs III pass ns from Melss to CsghMi.
The causes OF tt,s have already bsen explained by
Mr. Fsrsdsy ard proceed from the conditions of every
catle. which PEI ioims the faction of Lsyden it
the copper wire foraipg the internal srmatnTe, tn
rnt,s percba ano hemp make the insulation, the ro
are and water serving as the external armsture,
communication ~ith the earth. The extreme length
Of TIE cable gives immenee surface, spte of tn
fnsness Of the copper wra and the interruption of the
electric equilibrium which tlkes place everyps@sge
or on every dncontinusnce Of the current by the
cproca influence Of TIE two armature and the insu-
hating substances occasions the delays as well as the
apparent anoma es Of which have spoken in the &C.
lion OF the current on the telegrsphic apparatus.
Another phe nomsnon quite importau. to potcs-for
may pe1hsps suggest the remedy for the defects in
berent in submarine csbless that the confusion o; the
signals ard the tran formation Of the po nts into lines
vera ipcOmpaIably more numerous, when the tslo-
yrsnhc apparatus Was attached directly to the end Of
be cable than sincs the operation has been performed
a. s,sops with the intefposition OF five klome,ers
wire on the land.
III the effects Of which have stated the simple
history considerably obshuct tie service of the Mslt'
And Corfu lines they also shox how far the fears are
justified with regard 10 the mischief they msy produce
on the far longer Atlantic c,bls and tue nsces'ty
putting by the lines already existing for tae sppoa
lion OF scerce to ne correction of the diff ,unes.
is t,u, that Fsiadsy aud Wnitshouse have made ex
permsrts Touching the phenomens IN question: oa'
these experiments have bsen made only on cables pre-
pared for Immersion and cooled up in Storehouses, or or
submarine cables By untrg different wires, In order &c
multiply the length, or by combining them with LONG
ex,ersors of land nes Now, in each Of these cases
the effect took plsce OF inverse current on the cables
OF adjacent wires wherce resulted phenomena 10 the
trausmssion entirely different from those which az
manifested with a sipgs current over tio8le wire
grsa, lergth. Besides if We have seen the g'es
effect Of the simple connection of five khons'er' o
lara wiz. on a submsrne esbe Of 600 klomoters, ho'
can We estimate the Influence Of the land wfss OF 5
rnh nr.atnr l.rrfn eInnluYad bY The lgksh expell