The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1858-06-20

soundngs made ~ such distance from each ohsr
that the decivy may not be SO great ~ supp ,sed
and thai the descent, instead OF being abrupt
tous, rather in the form OF gentle lope Whs;sver
may be its character there can be no In regAd 50
the possibility Of laying the cable ia lie particular pa OF
tory manner by the result OF me exp ,t ou OF 1851 which
allowed that there were none Of tho udden runs OF the
cable which formed the chief obsta lie IN the laying OF the
Mediterranean cable from Sardini 70 Algeria Aa at
tempt made 70 lay the line betve those two points
IN September 1856, and was proc ed ng most favorao
when most alarming digit OF me cable occurred.
"About Two miles, weighing sxtsAD TONS few out with
the greatest violence 10 four or i've mnutesying round
even when ths drums were brought to . dead stop
mon Is tho hold, and tor the vessel" In the
laying OF the Atlantic cable last August there
was, 8 has been stated, no difficulty Of this
Of the soundues passed over the day before the
bio parted through the Encouragement of the chief epg
chnery. II there was fact favorable 70 the eucosss
Of the entsprse which was proved more clearly than
any other, the with which the line Yves laid
on this particular part OF the plateau.
From yalen,ia Bay to Is degrees minutes west, the
bottom OF rock Of sand aud Of mud The bottom
n mn OF suS ss
and gravel pu steering 70 the north OF the arc Of the
greai Gree, this is changed and thick mud peculiarly
muddy bottom Is found In Trinity Bay; that
danger need be appreheuded In regard to the safety OF
the line On one occasion while in latitude 81 degrees
the depth being 1875 fathoms, broken shells Of large
size, which Unfortunately disappeared in the hanos
These were the only s'shels or large szs' which
brought to the surface, and their oissppoarauce
10 be resre ted from the new scientific fact or inora
ton which tnrir discovery may have established "The
sounding acones Gays Captain Daymsn 10 mis- report,
"were BY Massey with das graduated from I60 the usual
deep ses lead to 500 and 900 fathoms Captain Day
man also says that SHE oetschog sounding apparatus
used modification Of that invented by Mr Brooke
officer OF tho United States Navy" The specimens OF
the souDdDgs brought up in tube, which being the
first to strike the bottom seldom failed 20 eecure
ton Of the material CT which formed or course
there was no esns of ascertaniny the depth thick
ness of TIE stratum Of the nature Of that
which i reeteo. whether ii was Que foot, hundred
thousand fret and Is dorbaol whether this pons gill
be embraced In the discoveries OF science does
there sesni be any means u ascef'Aining whether
the telegraph vsiesn has been burt up by the do
post OF inimtnse bouIders borne dowa from tho
Arctic regr By gigantic 'oeoeTss Untl science
has penetrated into 'hs prosoundest depths Of tue
ocean, laid them AZ open TO US Is the
surface OF ,he earth nothing satisfactory de1ue,
SUPPOSE wi; be ksown in regard to theory One
fact which present. VI the greatest importance that
tie telegraph seau, which was at one time considered
my u, really and sctcay exist aud that fac. be-
ing estabsLeo afford 70 wal. TOR the solution OF
those Other questions which have arisen from its dis
coyery
1sE IsFrsoRIA or THE PLATEAU.
TIE specimens which have been brought up from the
plateau, ~bich to The uusded vision appear when
dried OF w1,te reddish white color, bear very
srorg mbance to very fine chalk Their appearance
they He ct the bottom or glass vessel is tina, OF
light browG muddy sediment, In which observed mi
nute hard patclcs, pa,dly any OF which exceed
fftie,h of ircn diameter The explanation which
Er. Thcmgs IL Huxley, r. r. s., 10 whose inspection they
were subn u,d has furnished Us, Is nearly all the ia
formation have upon ths interesting subject We
have se,a the highly magniaed specimens which
the illustration is intended 10 represent and 10 the pr
feet accuracy Of which bear testimony. Those
specimens hch have just been referred 70 obtain
ed from ce,bs ranging from 1900 to 400 fAthoms and
of these specimens "fuly nine teDhs consist OF minute
animal esgan.sms, called forGminiferc, provided with
thick composed Of carbonate of mer Proof Of
their clmyos found in the fact that the application
Of dilute produces q violent effsrvescence and the
disappearance Of the larger portion c the matter The
the hIic "a not ATTENDED with such result OF the
specimen be previously exposed 10 full red hoA Toe
species G the forontnfer9. Of which eighty uge per
cest OF the specimens consist, ie called gotgsrtn9
The speom-ns shown have oeen nagnihed about
three hpneTse vines tasr natural sze are m.y
SEEN OF s-ous dimensions and shapes yet witn general
poinfs OF resemblance.
These found In the sound ,gs vary 10
fize rom thorsaDcth to sixteth OF inch In
AID as the scientific psrt the reacers of the
BEsAiD desire to know something about their
they will read the Following description by
Mr. Huxley with profit and olerest"in tns very young
yiotigersfo toe vail o the cell, or Cells, OF which it's
comp smooth and thin, but Il ADDS cell 20 cell
The older become oeset externally with tuoerc,es,
rev csns's spch run perpsndcu.rly 70 us plane and
open betsten OF in tpe tueercies The tubecles mutt
ply in nac bsr and eoogate, so 81 eventually hrstt
resemble set ana sharp pointed PALISADES and then
By roansrg OIL o. their ends, Constitute
sInooth enamel Like coat which asins three hun
ired and ii.ch Of inch, or mohe, in thickness Tho
smallest goisgern9 either clear have bat slightly
granular cJoteps, but very large proportion OF
be larger ores are rendered opaque by red.
fish bFo~n granular msss contained In their In
Nnsn such specimens treated with very dilute
which sway the calcAreous skeleton dei
which sess 70 be held together by continuation Of tbs
ame subttsoce. The granular contents have the same
orm the skeleton ana Ne quito soft ADD easily crushed
hardly ooubt that these the scf aud living
parts the animal itself, with without imbe ided
reign The other i've per cent Of the ca,:Arcous
eaniss foraminferu, Of st most, not than
whole depoet consists partly OF granular mater, partly
Of snimal sad partly OF vegetable organisms provided
with sioecu> skeletons sna envelopes The oIher spec
Of broken fragments OF dfa,omaoeo, i'm
perfeca aud broEs EN- that tney win cicuy DC dis
tpgrisbea s,noog ihe mess.
oonsIooiabe difference e. opinion exists among scion.
tl1c ia regNd 10 tho brtbp'sce OF these singular
forms Of lite TIA conieuded by sone that they have been
carried to st part OF the ocean where they nov found
by the Gait Stream by others mat they IRON
the surface IL ocean, whore they have lived s1t died
Both these PORTIONS, however are assumed, a. under
stand merely matter OF speculation To tho absence
Of such ntgrmston further and fuller may
give II they bave drifted into their present bed BY the
10 shallow waters; but tneo u a argued N opposition TO
Ihs view that OF tho tcAtni which inhab shauow
~ster found with them In regs,d 10 the idea sd
that have lived and died ~ the surface
which tbfy gradually sunk 10 the bottom, Is said
ytiiT,ao something that resembles taem,
has been ouDu IN the Pacific In opposition TO
hR, however. denied that this Is glofo1sna and
,bat speculation ospoeec Of Taere set another pro
position, winch, VIC have entered upon the scientific
expnnauou OF the subj,c,, should not be forgotten We
nave gwen the posisons-thst that these minute
organisms lived and cied In shallow waters, from
which they been carried by that wonder
working syeut which performs suoh naispea-
.able part In the economy OF naiure-the Gulf
sire that they have been depouted where they
ieurd; tut there yet another which must be
stated 1hs existence Of any form OF life In the great
depths Of tie Supposed 10 be impossible, but 1t
appears tast Il IA not, aud that animals OF higher
live three -four hundred fsthoms DO
o~ the suflsoe "the difference In the amount Of light
md bea, at 400 and al 1000 fshons probably, To
eak very far than the difference in compexuy OF
Drganizaton between tneee animals and the hu nbie
Drotosoa ana pvoophra Of the deep sea soundings"
Bere have presented the various theories 10
which the discoveries Of these microscopic specimens
given rse the sciontihc explanations py which
hey enforced These may or may NOT be inter sssng,
" the reader may determine, but they subeca Of
he greatest Importance 70 nasuralsts, who, N 10 bs
hoped, will some day render them sufficiently clear aad
ntelilgtie 70 the urscenShc portion Of the civil
lied world BY divesting their description OF those