Lewistown gazette. [volume] (Lewistown, Pa.) 1843-1944, 1858-04-15

The laborer should understand The principles Of his art
.SGni 70 & sGG9nnt Instead "a Of ToEsng as machine he
speculation into !ife."-CHASSISo.
The article in the Gazette Of the lst inst,
has, hope, removed all difficulties in regard
30 the position and quantity of the iron ore
among the hills near Lewistown: | now offer
eome facts as to the chemical character of this
ore, and some suggestions 10 its treatment
in a blast furnace, which may not be with
out interest. Professor Rogers, in his Fourth
Annual Geological Report, p. 68, thus de-
scribes this ore as found in Little Cove, Frank
lin county, where the formation is exactly
similar TO the region around US: Among
the bottom layers Of this slate l8l occurs a
highly important bed of iron ore, used at
Warren Furnace. 1t is a grey proto carbon
ate Of iron, precisely identical in chemical
mposition with the nodular and plate ores
of the shales Of the coal measures" But it
may be asked how is it that the ore found a,
the Snyder, Banks, Watson and Calbraith
mines. and recently opened on Kllne's land,
is broUn per oxyde Of iron? | answer in
the words of the distinguished geologist, DR..
Andrew Henderson, incorporated in Professor
Rogers Report, p. 95, in describing this ore
in the Valley of LewistewD -" The stratum
remote from its outcrop consists of bands of
ponderouS blush grey or lead colored p7o.a
carbonate OF iron, sometimes breaking into
square masses, ometImes of more slaty or
laminated structure. Il does not efFervesce
when touched with acid. IL is ONLY where
the stratum has been long exposed at it's out
crop to atmospheric influence, converting il
into the 6rO1cn per-oxyde Of iron, By which il
assumes a eholly different aspect, that it forms
the deposite at present worked Dy the furnaces
situated rear It, This ore, at its o1ttcroD. is
Of dark hazel brown color smooth grain,
and cellular structure. That which Is de
rived from the rectangular cleaying portion of
the solid bed is in square masses, with large
squarish cells, often glazed, and irrdescent
on their inner surface, and either entirely
empty or partially filled with pure blush
clay. Sometimes where the bed has been sa
protected as to escape extensive atmospheric
action, this conversion to the broaon per-oxyde
Is only partial, solid nucleus of the blush
proto-carbonate forming the interior of the
lump, while the per oxyde occurs only on the
surface IN the form of crust of greater or
less thickness. Here is an exact description
Of the character and color of this ore, An oxvde
aad carbonate, which any one familiar with
u 5!ii instantly recognize. / may add. that
DR.. Andrew Henderson, when receutIy visit
ing bis relative, DIR. Joseph Henderson of this
place, verified his explorations in 1910 by ex.
anining the A1cGirk bank and declaring il to
be the proto-carbonate of iron, pointing again
to the small,ridge parallel to Jack s mountain
ss the location Of the fossil iron ore, and indi
eating the line of the rayine leading from
Shaw's to the Creek as the ore bearing portion
of the strata, and IN tie south -,cesteTn erteg-
sl0n Of thus line Kkine's bank ,oas opened.-
Inc chemical character of the ore admits of
30 olspu'e-the Outcrop ore is the Brown
Aematite, or Hydrated Oxyd of Iron"-the
base or body of the ore is the Blush Grav
Proto Carbonate Of Iron" Manv nersons
suppose " Hematite" to indicate nart;cuIar
chemical character in the ore. and hare sro.
ken of Hematite Ore referring to the Lima.
stone Ores commonly so called as used NJ
Lewistown Furnace and other furnaces sun.
piled from the slate formation, but in this
sense none of these have run ON "Hematite.n
this word describes ouly the color of the
ore, its Greek root meaning blood"-hema
tite ore being 'Fblood colored ore."
Of the hydrated oxide, so called because il
holds large admixture of water, Oyerman,
.. 2ls2, says: 1.-The whole class is the result
of ths decomposition of other iron compounds.
namely, iron pyrites, carbonates, red oxides,
sulphates, &c. This kind Of ore in the older
gccks is generally good, but where it is de-
rived from more recent deposits, it contains
sorne Of the original matter from which il
vas dscomposed. The pipe ore 10 decompos-