New-York daily tribune., 1858-02-24
-, ,ir,.-obtsirftp 2 msc binists Of our ow.-


for wa5t OF combination; waste the uafV
part Of the products Of our iaod IN feeding
The bcIses and u1ea Who carry the rest 70
msrktt-e1hausI the so bees use .hs msrkst ~. ~
proc Scts is very distant. Let NJ, then, 0Acs fJr
III, combine for the purpose ci putting stop u all
THE wstte. With every step 1e make in tina. tiTec-
tion we shan cffer new iDduC ~ carpsnters
and asons prI ers and ;eachers, "a come among Ds
ea'ng The rod that forced - cary - the
dissBt maIktt; with each, he faculties Of our people
viii become more and more developed enabling ~
noe ab3 more ~ perfect the various proces-es by
nesDs OF which 20 OBTAIN command over steam and
other natural forces; With each there VIII ne an m
ere ase Gi commerce among ourselves. attended By
oIninD.ion of depeI 3enca On the trader, and ao
inCrAaFe of poser 10 cOn and ~ servces 10 case OF
peed The more pur,erous the differences among
ourselvss the rspii viii De ne motion of the
fnctiary mst ine the greater viii De tie economy ot
labor tie smaller WI be the value Of commodities,
ar d the grf n'er that Of man
Soch Mr.. President were the obiects sough, to De
attained by Colbert, u whom Frame vas indebted
flr the system since steadily carried ont; that, 10
which she owes t. that she has covered h.rlelf with
machinery and mills tina. her colieTie5 her
furnaces and her workshops Of every description,
baye grown 10 an enormous eXtert and O1t OF ell
proportion 10 what existed eighty years since that
the value Of her land has go immensely ncreased that
the power Of the lahorer TO command .uppies OF food
has doubled, where even Il nts not trebied and tha.
she herself is DOW 50 powerful.
Directly the reverse Of this, = the doctrine lying at
the foundation Of the system tina; you'd make OF
Britain tbe workshop of the world; that fjr
the maintenance Of which, we Taught that
nan begins everywhere with the riche-t sDlls
81 old communities being required - resort .
poorer ores, with daily dmnltiun N demand :nr lFb"r
10 Onr farmers and planters and 10 those oi B-azi
and Cuba, il says: Cultiyst. your rIch sOli-, and
"taye us on. y, or Ones. Labor being cheap vit1
Gus, We can manufacture more cheap'y tnan you can
Do. 10 not. therefore 0HcN for oH oull! N lls or
furnaces; continue year after year ~ eXrend your
"lab1r- cay ne prodn ;e ba"k and forth Continue
" 10 eyban-t your land continue - have comblns-
"tiop OF fort among yourselves, and you viii grow
yicb. The time however viii arrive when you will
bs forced to cultivate the poor sois, God then you
"wil be troubled with r-population. Wages fsi-
ing you may then beenabled 70 accumulate The cap
"Tal required for entering into composition with ~;
chat is to say, he poorer yoH Cccen1, the s'c4er '
be yOVT DO,r~T.'
Such. Vi r. President, ia the doctrine OF the school
that is based upon the ldeG Of trade being the fret
pursuit of man. that by help of which, the sys-
tsm has thus FAR been cgrricd ont. IL i one which
cannot stand against the facts everywhere established
that man always commences with tho poorer soils;
that il e only with the grogth Of the power OF asso
cation and combination that the richer "nes are
brought into activity; that, to have combination,
there must be differences Of employment tending to
the development of the individual f4Cu cI and that,
where such ercnces are not found tie whole Course
Ot mon s toward The exhaustion OF the land first c1'
tvated-tow9rd dminu.jon in its value, aud increase
in thai Of all the comrOdi jos required for his
ard toward his el el@lavemeR, both by nature and by
his felloE.msD. Under that system It il that lrel md
,rc,kly laber than would, If applied
tOI an, give her the DacblDery reqcired for enabling
her To r0nke domestic mark ct for AL her food and
all her labor; that Portugal and Turkey waste daily
more muscular and intellectual power than would #
applied fOT al, give them machinery for making
sll the cloth they now consume that Jamaica has
been exhausted; and that the people of Indi have
been condemned 70 remain idle when t1ey you'd de-
sire to be employed TO relnquish rich soils and re-
tire TO poor oDes-tO abandon cities in which once
lived hundreds of Thousands Of poor but industrious
and happy men, foregoing all the advantage OF CON-
merce, AID becoming dependent altogether on the
cbalces of trade.
Following in the lead of France, the people of
Northern Europe generally nave protected themselves
against this system-the result bsng seen in the facts
that the prices OF raw materials and finished commodl-
ties there steadily approxmating; that gold flows
rapidly in that the rate of interest Is moGerate that
the circulation of society becomes from day 10 day
more rapid; that the proportion borne by fixed
to floating capital is constantly Increasing one; and
hat the power OF the trader ana transporter rapidly
decliues-al Of these phenomena being evidences o.
advancing civilization, consequent upon the deter
mination, once for all, - lcase tie hv-:.lents re
ouired for bringing the consumer to the side OF the
producer and thus relieving the former from the
wasting tax Of transportation.
Guided, or governed by England, Ireland, Turkey,
Portugal, and the United States, have refused TO
make the effort, once tOr all, To relieve themselves
from that oppressive and daily recurring tax-the
suit being seen the factr het the prices of raw ma
teias and fnshed products steadily rectde from each
other; that gold flows regularly abroad that the rate
Of interest is high; that circulation becomes more
Japguid: that the proportion borne by floating capital
10 that which is fixed is constantly increasing
and that the power of the trader and transporter
steadily increasesall OF these phenomena being evil
dence- of declining civilization.
Food Mr.. PretideDt, Is capital HAVING Deen con-
.umed il is still capital in the form OF the power to
labor with the body mind, or both. That power
being exertcd it reappears IN the form OF iovd or
clojh--boOks or newspapers. Not exerted, IL Is 81
togelter lost-laborpower being, a you have seen,
,tlu IfV AZ "a
second. , .
ghe power f. accumulate capital exists in the direc.
ratio oi the power sf combination, and that sei ex-
s IL the ratio of the diversity of employncns lhat
understood there can be little difficulty in arriving At
pfoper understanding of the causes why 1t accunu-
laes so RAPIDLY in Central and Northern Europe, ana
why it disappears rapidly from Turkey and Portu-
gal, Ireland and India.
Careful sudy Of these simple principles, Mr.. Peal
dent, will enable readily TO Understand why It has
been thus capital has always 30 much abounded when
We have had protection, and why II has 80 entirely
disappeared when we have had the system known b.
tie title Of free trade. The one looked 10 ecOno-
MIXING labor, which Itself is you have seen,
cspial The other looks to wasting labor, or capital.
Under the one, as in 1888 and 1886 capital was
reaClv attanabe moderate rs.es of interest, for
any useful purpose. Under The Other, rs III lS22 and
1872, and A. at tie present time It has become 20
scarce es to be uDataDabl1 for the construction of
roads for the building Of mills or for the opening Of
mints, al any rate Of interest, however high.
Were the Tariff Of 1912 this day n0cted into aw
the face OF affairs throughout ts country would be
wholly chaDged-capi'al becoming at once abund ant
the rate of interest iaug-anc labor coming let9 de-
mapd 10 such extent that men, women and children
would find all the employment tney could desire; and
that too before the lapse of thirty DAYS from the
present hour. Why, Mr.. President woul1 1t be pto-
ductive OF such results 7 Because there would at
once arise throughout the country confidence that
labor was sgau t. be economized-that that interna
intercourse which, as you, Mr.. President, have seen
we 50 greatly peed, was TO be obtained-that the
great domestic market for food and labor was to be
exte nded-and that We again 10 become rich aud
strong enough 10 be enabled to purchase fun supplies