Worcester daily spy. [volume] (Worcester [Mass.]) 1850-1888, 1858-05-28

sP Il E II o
HON. HENRY WILSON,
OF Mnssnchusetts,
In Reply to Hon. ]. H. HAMMOND, of South
Chiro!i,la, tn the Senate, March 20. 1858, on
the Blu TO admit Kansas Wnder the Lecomp.
ton Constitution.
Concluded.
There were. Mr. President, in 1850, in the
free States, 877 900 farms, containing 1OS.-
100000 acres, valued at 81, 143 900, 900 be.
ing about $40 per acre. The products of
these farms amounted to more than $780,
100000 There were in the slave States, 564,-
600 farms, containing 10000, 900 acres, val
ued at $l,ll7,000, 900, being about Sc per
acre; and the products of these plantations
amounted to about $3.50, 900, 900. The farms
of the free States averaged 100 acres the slave
State plantations averaged more than 800
acres. The thirty-four thousand farms of
cold, sterile Massachusetts, averaging 90
acres each, embrace $500, 900 acres, valued at
S32 90 per acre, amounting to $ll2, 200, 900
the 10000 plantations of South Carolina, av-
eraging $40 acres each, embrace l6 ,00O, 900
of acres, valued at S. 0S per acre, amount
ing to 1872, ZOO, 900. The farms of the free
States are cultivated by 2 $500, 900 persons,
and yield production of nearly So per acre,
and more than $500 per head to each person a
the plantations of the slave States are titled
by mole than $3.50 900 persons, and they
yield production of less than 81 per acre,
and less than $500 per head to each person.
Turning, Mr.. President, from the agricui.
ture of the two sections, let US glance at the
manufactures. Here the superiority of the
North stands confessed. In 1850, the North
had $4,000 establishments; $3.50 900 900 of
capital invested; $465 000, 0eU of raw mate.
rial were used; 100000 persons were en-
ployed $l96,OOO 900 were paid for labor;
and $S42, 900, 900 were produced. The South
had only 900 establishments $95, 900 900
Of capital; used $50, 900 900 of raw materi-
al employed 16l 900 persons paid $685.
100000 for labor; and produced S165 ,0OO,-
900. Massachusetts had $500 establishments
$S3 ,O00,0 900 OF capital; used $3.50 900 900 of
raw material; employed l65 900 persons
paid $40, 600, OCO for labor; and produced
Sl5l 900, 900. South Carolina had only l4u0
establishments $7,000,000 capital used
$4,9OO,000 of raw material; employed II 900
persons; paid $4,000, 900 for labor and pro-
duced $1,000, 900. The wages of women are
higher in the cotton mills of Massachusetts,,
than the wages of men in the iron works of
South Carolina. The productive industry of
Massachusetts, in manufactures and the me-
chanic arts, has increased immensely since
productive industry of South Carolina, accord.
ing to De Bow, is $62 per head.
De Bow estimates, Mr.. President that one
half of the agricultural products, and all of
the manufactures, are subjects of commerce.
If this be so, the value OF the products which
enter into the commerce of the North is about
fourteen hundred millions of dollars value
of products of the South $3.50 900 OOO The
valde of the domestic commerce of the coun.
try is estimated to be six times larger than the
value of the foreign commerce. The imports
and exports OF the North amounted, iii 1866,
to $500, 900 900; the exports and imports of
the South to 1872 100000. The imports and
exports Of tile city OF New York amounted to
$27S, 0,000-nore than twice the value of
the imports and exports Of the South. Mas
sachusettr exported and imported, in 1865,
r3,000000; South Carolina $4,000 900,
The North had, in 1850. 1873, 900 persons en-
gagged in commerce the South 70 900.
CHANGING at the means of importation,
we find that the North had, in 1866, 1880.
600 tons of shipping. valued at $2l2, 1000, 900;
the South $4,000 tons, valued at S42, OOO,-
900. The North built 52S, 900 tons in 1866
theSouth built 1000. Massachusetts had in
that year, go, 900 tons of shipping, valued at
S48, 900, 900; South Carolina had so 900 tons,
valued at $3,0O0,OOO Massachusetts, built
$4,000 tons, valued at $4,00O,00O South
Carolina built 60 tons, vnlued atSS3OO0. The
North has $4,000 miles of railroads, costing
$3.50, 900, 900; the South 1000, costing $685.
100000. Poor Massachusetts, that produces
no rice, makes up no part of skiing" cotton,
has $4,000, 900 invested in railroads Within
her own borders, to say nothing of the many
millions she has invested in other States. She
has $50 600 Of bank capital, and her poor
Erpk c1a bo- i. L
900 900 deposited in her savings bnnks. Rich
South Carolina, with her rice and her cotton,
has invested $l2,OO0O 900 in railroads; she
has $l7 100000 of bank capital but, I'M
happily, we have no statements of how many
millions her swell. compensated "unaspir.
ing laborers have on deposit. Perhaps the
Senator from South Carolina can furnish us
with those statistics.
From this contrast of the productive indus
try and material resources of the two sections
which the Senator from South Carolina put
"iaee to face" | pass to brief consideration
of their institutions and means of intellectual
culture. In the slave States, laws forbid the
education of nearly four millions of her peo-
pie; in the free States, laws encourage the
education OF the people, and public opinion
upholds and enforces those laws. In 1850,
there were $4,000 schools, ~, 900 teachers,
1890, 900 scholars in the public schools Of the
free States; in the slave States there were
$4,000 schools, $4,000 teachers, and $50, 900
scholars. Massach usetts has nearly 100000
scholars in her public schools, At a cost of
81, 800, 900; South Carolina has l 7, 600 sclol-
airs in her public schools; $75, 900 is paid by
the State, and the Governor, in 1853 said
that sander the present mode of applying 1t,
il was the profusion of the prodigal, rather
than the 1udieiOus generosity which confers