Orleans independent standard. [volume] (Irasburgh, Vt.) 1856-1871, 1858-07-02

brought his bulls by gehllehesS ~ NC ds
docile as dogs. Mr.. Bakewell's views
met with a good deal of opposition, mas
much as large boned animals were popu-
larly reckoned the best. There were
some, however, sagacious enough to ap-
preciate his ideas, and the result has been !
the establishment Of the superior breeds !
of cattle of the present day. 4
The new system of fattening sheep,
by feeding them with sliced turnips and
oil cake, was not introduced till 1924,
when it was found that they could be fat
>. ted for market by this means in twelve
months less than usual time. AT first it /
was looked upon as an extravagant and .
ruinous experiment; but the improved /
J feeding, coupled with the natural tenden-
cy of the improved breeds to early ma /.
turity, has multiplied to an enormous e1-
tent the amount Of mutton produced
Twenty years ago the majority of the
sheep brought to the Smithfeld market
were three and four years old. Now a
three year old sheep is scarcely to be met
with, and fat sheep only a twelvemonth
] old are plentiful. Results of like ma
ture have followed extra-feeding of other
: animals for the butcher.
. The later improvements bearing on
English agriculture, have been the in
PRODUCTION of a remarkable system of
drainage, the employment of artificial
manures, the improvement of implements
y and, by no means last, the institution Of
agricultural societies.
Upto the year 1913 but little had
been done in the way of drainage, al
though attempts had been made from the
earliest times. The most that had been
/, done was the tapping of springs, or
-, endeavoring to convey away the rain
which fell on the surface by drains 50
shallow that the plow often spoiled them.
= BY the year 1913, Mr.. Parkes, who
devoted much attention to the subject
= had demonstrated. after several years Of
\ experiment, that four feet should be the
minimum depth for drains in wet Of
-. clayey lands. He found that a deer
drain began to run after wet weather
sb not from the water above, but from tht
tn water arising from the subterranean &C
w cumulations below, and that, by DRAWN!
INF away the stagnant moisture from tn
three or four feet of earth next the sur
for face, it was rendered more friable, easie
Nd to work, more penetrable the rain, whicl
60 then carried down air and manure, an,
~ much warmer and more suitable for tn
- nourishment Of the roots of the crops
-, This discovery was rendered availabl
in by the invention Of clay pipes for III
o. drains, and it is asserted has more tina
Ma doubled the value of retentive soils i
ION England. Some idea Of the immens
fer extent to which drainage is there carrie,
Wv may be inferred from the fact that sine
less 1916, two parliamentary loans, each
,Iks four millions sterling, have been granite
.;,7 to landholde1s to enable them to drai
ont their estates, while it is estimated th
ton eight millions in addition have been loal
as ed by private capitalists for the san
nips purpose.
rop. The English farmers have also, Of Ia
able years. employed large quantities of sp
cat cial manures, embracing lime, chal
and gypsum, mari, SCOT, salt, saltpetre, RAP
hich cake, bones, nitrate of soda, guano, al
par other substances. The first cargo
.stes guano was introduced somewhere abe
the 1885, and since 1889 twelve millio
; of sterling have been paid for this artit
ord alone. In 1887 the value of forei
the bones imported was e25O,000; and sin
Lin 1910, 100000 at least has been p;
and annually for bones, sulphuric acid, a
artificial manures, independently of Ct
stem no. Agricultural chemists have a
fish been largely employed and handsome
er TO paid for analyses of soils, manures, a
from similar investigations. And Engl
'e OF farms have now reached such hi
was pitch of fertility through this system
here intense cultivation, that the soil has
bar come almost too rich, and the farmers
riley, in consequence returning TO the OF
the condemned system Of two grain crops
I'm succession.
All To the above might be added int
be- esting quotations concerning the emPI
they ment of machinery by English farmt
ns, TO and the influence of railways and a!
Il The cultural societies, as we'll as many det
rthur the marvellous success which has ate
: into ed the efforts Of cur English brethren
since obtain from the earth the greatest amo
and best quality of food for the Il
ade money; but suffice it TO say, that Il
ebert have proved that a liberal use of mon
rable when judiciously applied, is the best