The daily dispatch. [volume] (Richmond [Va.]) 1850-1884, 1858-10-30

coieurai society, ON Thursday:
THE sUBJkcT.
Agriculture, the speaker said, was the primarv
interest and art OF man, and an iudspe nsable ala
ment OF social aud political existence Secondsrv
to u was mechanical production, ADD finally com.
merce. All these things constitute the material
interests OF society. HE sui ject he said, wouId
be the material interests Of the people OF the Un
ted States In the calculation Of this subject, the
speaker proceeded to ansiyze and set forth the dis
tinctive elements OF the actual condition geo.
graphical, social and POLITICAL Of the United States
rLEMESTAL rAcTs IN yHx CONDITION OF AMERICANS
He spoke Of two great regions of the eartb-of
the old world, China end Russia, aud two in the
ne~. Brazil and the Uuit"d States, which, BY rea
SOD Of their geographical unity Of character in
dshned limits but on vast scale, are the nation
al seats Of pre'eminent and powerful empire.
The second fact 10, that We are of that master
white race that everywhere rules the darker
shades, as II by q manifest charter Of the prsvi-
denoe Of God. Our political institutions are the
next great fact in our condition. Whilst the men
who planted the colonies were in no small part
refugees for opinions sake, it the spirit of ad
venture aud material interest, quite much as
auy theoretical opinions. which sent them to our
shores It was the influence oftwo great facts which
fused them together and prepared them to be one
people In the first place, the predom race was
that OF the British Isles In the second place thew
s.sod here 1t were 10 the presence of nature and
had shaken of the forms and Of the
old world. Our elective aud rsprssentativ jpstI-
tutions we did not create, bat brought with ma
from England. The founders Of our govern mept
sopght to organize the existing society not to in
vest new one. No idle theories, NO shallow 60
cisl sophistries deluded them.
STATE RIGHTS.
They sought the solution OF great political pro-
btem, namely: given, the thirteen American
States, with their existing republican organize
ton, FORMS and 'aws-to associate them together
30 as TO combine the maximum of secure and eff
cient external and internal common action of the
Uuion with the maximum of reserved independent
sovereignty Of the Individual States and With the
blessing OF dod that practical problem they solved
in the constitution Of the federal Union.
The solution, as We see, consists Ia this First,
that for certain prescribed objects of national
interest-as foreign intercourse, whether political
or commercial peace and war, whether domestic or
foreign, the management Of common property, the
adjudication Of common questions Of law, and the
maintenance of republican organization in the
several Ststss-the Union 10 supreme and sove-
reign exercising In these relations, by ceseop of
the people Of the several States direct Jurisdiction
over their inhabitants, pursuant to forms and
within limits If action defined and prescribed by
the constitution; and secondly that as to si other
matters constituting the eat mass of the
aud rights Of men, whashsr of person Or property,
the original sovereignty within each continues to
reside In the respective States
The consequences of this duplicate organization
have responded to the provision of its authors
No independent State, of whatever form of gov
ernmsut, has, during the period of its existence,
than the nited Statesi none existing at this day
exhibits better conditions of parents stability
or dnrabilityi none, except Great Britain Ia her
foreign couquests, has advanced more steadily and
rapidly along the path of territorial greatness aud
material power; and in the accelerated accumula-
tion, with general distribution, of wealth, and
other results of material prosperity, none exceeds
the United States. Meanwhile, the States of the
Union have doubled, almost trebled, in number /;
the federal system which worked we'll for few
States, works not less well for many; and thus
democratic republican institutions established
within each State, prove capable of adaptation,
by means Of our federal system, to the whole con.
tinent of America. That is a spectacle Of great
sovereign States abiding in peace together, which
philosophers and statesmen have dreamed of and
hoped to see, but which never yet was exhibited
save here now in the New World.
CUBA AND MKxICo.
After considering the distracted aud helpless
state of Mexico. he considers the question of our
Intervention. He says il is question of amicsbls
international negotiation, not Of unconstitutional
intermeddling with affairs not righlfuiy concern.
ing u.s. it is not a question of the conquest Of a
neigbboring people, but of their salvation; il is
not q question Of hostilities, but Of CONNER cia
union AID protective alliance.
When America had been discovered by Europe
it was not the voice of the Pope, but the voice of
God which gave to them the New World to occu
py, to Christisnize, and to civiIize. And so the
will of God seems BY evident signs aud porten ts
to intervene ss nation for the salvation Of the
people of Mexico.
We frequently hear of the American policy Of
excluding Europeans from America. / think that
much of what is said on that subject is somewhat
vaguely sad-since they who say it seem not to
remember that all along our northern frontier
there is a British America on the one sea and
British Columbia on the other; and that while
are absorbed in the discussion of metaphysical
subtleties, England is, with our aid in, attaching
those colonies closely to herself by an oceanic
telegraph, and to one another BY continental
railway; so that, not ours, as it ought to be- but
hers shall be the line of communication from the
Atlantic to the Pacific. Let that pass. British
America, after all, has her own republican future,
plain aud assured before her. / assume that our
predestined line of expansion, now at least 10 to
the West and to the South. If Cuba lies in the
path Of that destiny, so much the BETTER but that
Mexico must and does, reIgiously believe and
| would have 1t so, not in the sense of animosity,
but of friendship not by the act of frivolous, ir.
responsible, mischievous private invaders, but by
the deliberate efcacious and official action of the
government of the United States.
III any thoughtful person can test this-if, apart
from the question Of expediency, they doubt its
rightfHlness, ard therefore oppose the continuation
Of the advancement Of the United StAtes-let them
-ei me by what argument they justify the begin.
niDgs Of that advancement, and it's progress thus
far-nay, let them tell me by what rule of right
We stand anywhere in Americai Where is Pow
hatanf Where is Massasoit! Is not the occupa.
tion of any portion of the earth by those compe
tent TO hold and till it a providential law of ma
tional ifef Can yoa say to the tide that it ought
not to flow, or the rains to falll reply, it must
And so it is with welicopstituted, and therefore
progressive aud expansive, nations. They cannot
help advancing; it is the condition of their exis
tence.
When, 10 a celebrated State paper of the last ad.
ministration, three eminent statesmen alluded 10
this law of natural life as applicable. in assigned
contingencies, to the relation of the United States
TO Cuba the suggestion was reprobated, in some
quarters, as political heresy. Was It suchs Did
not Washington himself, reserved as he was usual
" iu speech Of such matters, express she same
idea, In one cf his letters to Lee, anticipating
twenty years beforehand, the acquisition of Lou.
isianaf "Whenever the new States" said he, "be-
come so populous and 50 extended to the westward
As really to peed it, there will be no power which
can depIive them of the use of the Mississippi."-
pray you to weigh we'll these words-to pc o citrate
iuto their inner thought-and then decide, if you
Eau, at what point on the continent of North
american they cease to have Significance.
MEXICO Ayb OURSELVES.
The United States already most benificently
as well as gloriousIy, involved within the fortune
# Mexico, What waste wilderpesses Of uBdisco.
vered wealth prosperity, and happiness, we're not
Texas and California, before their association With
IS! Nay, the presence even of the armies Of the
United States 10 Mexico, was benefit to her, rs
her than prejudice; never before, nor since, did
she material Interests of the Mexican Republic
better flourish; nsver before or since did she enjoy
more of substantial peace or security OF persons
Z property; never elsewhere was a conquered
.onntry 80 favored and 90 treated as the friend
,nd ally instead of the prey. of the conqueror =
When Zachary Taylor, that illnstrious son of Vir'
ginis led the victorious eagles Of the Union from
palo Alto 10 Resaco. and from Monterey to Buens
Vista; when that other ilustrious son OF Virgiais.
gipfsld Scott, led the same victorious eagles from
Vera Cruz TO Cerro Gordo. aud padierna to Churu
ousco and Cbapnltepec, and at length planted the
banner of the Uuion on the site Of the old Teocal
If the Aztecs; as they severaily marched onward
f.n Srtu nb fn trtr hav
armies in fair encounter, of course, but they re
.pected the persons and property Of the people of
the country as carefully as if it had been their
swn; and they occupied the Territory OF Mexico,
It's cities aud its hamlets, as peaceful governors
Virginia, who, as I right well know, furnished
10 that war the most numerous and best appoint
ID of ell the many regiments of volunteers