New-York daily tribune. [volume] (New-York [N.Y.]) 1842-1866, 1858-02-10
we're Of ,ne capacity Of sS72,2a3 tuns requiring for
Az - M anar.nnant no go han 80 900 perHous'

-
~ Ark the farmer Of lows, sna he will tell you thai
be ses for IS cents-sBd that, too, paysoF' IN tne
most worthless hind Of papers oushel 81 corn 'us'
sbep received IN Msncbe-tsr, com nand- ~ ena 'n,'
be- in this manper, gives TO the supper; 81 rnroao'
ard canals ships and sailors brokers and traders 10
les than ergkis-frS per cent Of The tHfrtRstc rdH o.
Its products. Ash him once aga.p, and be Will tel
You tast Wide his bushel Of corr will command IN
Manchester rs or 20 yards Of cotton cloth ne u
ob6ged TO contan. himself with httle more than
single yard-eigktyGcs pr cent Of re clothing pocT
OF his corn haeiHP been dseE on ne road, "a ms com
Gbutcn toward the Tax imposed upon me country TOT
the maintenance OF the machinery OF " free lrade,
which az YOU Mr.. President have 80 clearly seen, i
the sort of freedom we do not a. present need. .
The country ,ha. exports the commodity OF smallest
bulk il almost wholly freed rom the eIhausung Axoi
transportation. A. Hayre-ships being ht:le heeded
sr the outwsrd voyage. while shiPs aoonhd-the OUT
ward treights mast be always very low.
The community ina. exports fhe c1nmodi:les OF
creates, bulk must pay nearly 81 the cos, OF 'rau'
lorta,ion A -cOre of ships being required 20 carry
from our ports the lumber wheat, or naval stores the
tobacco or the cotton required 10 pay tor single car
go of cloh the out ward elghts must always oe az OF
near that point which required 20 pay Tor me d'Aoe
rogdee-snd every planter ksws % ms COS. no" ilucn
the price Of his dependent upon'tne rate oil
In the frs. ofthese, Mr. President, emp9ymerts be-
come, from day 10 day, more thoroughly u'erS"lcu
.he various human faculties become more and more
d.yelopedthe power of combination tends steadly 10
neutrality-suspicious. becomes more ana more SCI
enee-the land becomes more productive-tne soele
tary movement becomes more staOte ana reg uat %
The mower 10 purchase machinery OF every klhd
whether ships mills, or The precious metais' tehus
steadily 70 augment. ,
In ne ss. IN. reyerse OF this il tound-the pursuits
OF mes becoming less dyershed-ihe demand loI nu
man faculty becoming more and more limited ~
for mere brute force. for the craft Oy whlch tue
savage is so much dis'nguIsned-the power ol asso-
citation tending to decliDe-agrcuiture becoming m
and less science and the land o'comng moie Gnu
IL mn
more and more the tiulness and irreguarty OF move
meut You have 80 well described a. eN':'Ihg STong
ourselves-and the power 10 obtain nsemner! vi any
kind tending steadily - diminish .-, =.
The frs. OF these Mr.. President, may he found IN
the countries Of Central snd Northern tarole-tnoSe
which follow in the lead OF Colbert and OF France
An OF these are gradually enanelpatns thenrene'
from the most oppressive of 81 taxes tile tax oil trans
portation. All OF chem, therefore, are moving IN the
direction of growing wealth and power WIN QUITO
spOndep, advance in civilization and IN ireeaon''
The last may be found IL Ireland India, Jahh'ha,
Portugal Turkey. and these United StateS-the
countries which follow IN the lead OF fnslanu' AZ ~
these are becoming more and more suoecteu 70 J i
tax of Transportation. All OF them, therefore ar ue
cnlng in wealth ana power IL 'I'N'N"''' ~ "
freedom. -. Al ali
In the first The land yields more and more with each
successive yearvith constant increase ID the power
of a bushe of wheat or pound oi WOOL 20 purchase
nancy In the last the land yields less rom yesr 10
wear with constant tendency To decline IN th' P,' oi
food and cotton. The first import the precious ucl
The sst export them. The first rnd daiy .hcrsase "
power 20 MAINTAIN specie ciIcuat on "a lne Da, Va
the higher and bette: currency SuppIed ny oanS''
The last are gradually losing the power to command
circulation o. any kind, ana tending more and more
toward thai barbaric system o: commerce when con
sst- in exchanging labor against food, or wool anu
corn against cloth. -, =
We may be told, bo vever, Mr. President that IN
return for the egyye per cent Of his products tnat
az we see il paid by the farmer OF Iowa ana oy the
Texan planter, we are obtsning insignificant system
of rarosds-thGt our mercan.le marine Is rApioy IN
creasDg-.hat by its means we are To secnre
he command OF the commerce o; the world,
&c.. &c. How far all tar il -, we may
now inquire. To me, J. certainly appear that II
this b. really the road 10 wealth and power would
be We'll 70 require the expectation OF wheat Instead OF
-four paddy III place Of re. cotton N the seed corn
in the ear and lumber in the shaIe OF logs rathefthan
in that Of planks.
Looking, frs, to our internal commerce, We find
mass OF roads most Of which have been constructed
by help Of bonds bearing interest NJ the rate OF H. =
or 10 per cent bonds that have been disposed of IN
the market AZ 10 20 or 80 per cent " their nominal
value, and could not probably, be re-sold more
than half the price At which they were originally
bought. Hall made, and little likely ever 10 b. COM
pleted, these roads are worked AT great expense
while requiring constan: and grea. repairs. As a con-
sequence of this 10 - that the original propnetOrs
have almost wholly dssppeared-lhe stock being OF
little worth. The total amount applied 70 the creation
OF railroads having been ab0u. 81 ,WO o000OO and the
average present value scarcely exceeding 49, If even
80 per cent i. follows that 5000 COO 900 have been
sunk, and WITH tneTn all power ID make No Toau-.
Never, at any period OF history, have We been in
this respect utterly helpless az AZ present. Never
theless, the policy of the central Government looks
steadily 70 the dispersion of our people 70 the occupa-
tiOn of territories the creation OF new States,
and to the production of necessity for further roads.
That Mr.. President il ,he road 20 physical and moral
decline, and political dea'h, a. will soon be proved,
unless We change our course.
The railroad interest being state Of utter ruin,
may now turn To- the shipping one with view to
see how far We are likely, by ts aid. TO obtain that
command of the commerce of the world 40 surely
promised to by the author of the tariff of a.
Should that prove be moving in the same direction,
toe fact will certainly afford new and strorge proof Of
the perfect accuracy of your own views Mr. Presi-
dent, as 10 the sort Of freedom much require.
In state Of barbarsm-person and properly being
iDsecure-the rate OF insurance IL high. Passing
thence toward civilization security increases, and the
rate of insurance declines il 20 he rapidly
doing in reference To fire, in sill the advancing cOun-
tries of Europe. Our course il reference 10 shipping
being the opposite drec-ion-Aecuri.y diminishing,
when il should incressethe rae OF insurance stead
lily advances, a. her. is shown:
RAMS % "'''''0 , ~, ."''''" i ,s,s.
T. T. f lis.;:s:. ;:a; ss5
TO India and china. -. i. / c,ai APo.n.
To snd Lverpoolon
packet .hip. an. rats.. 5 . cent sTcent.
To what causes, Mr.. President, are W TO attribute
this extraordinary change May it not be found 10
the fact that the more We abandon domestic com
merce, and the larger The amour OF taxation imposed
upon our farmers Tor the maintenance vi IanspoTta-
ton, the greater becomes the recklessness of those
VINO gain their living GU. Of that taxation Look
back to the last freetrade period-thst from 1897 TO
lHl-and you will find phenomena corresponding pre-
cisely With those which now exhibited, although
not 80 great in magnitude. At present. the utter reck
lsssness-the total absence OF conscientious feeling
here exhibited s such % sst Dish the thinking men
OF Europe. Railroad accidents have become 30 nu-
merous scarce 10 attract even the momentary al
tentiOn Of the reader, and the lose Of Life becomes
greater from year year. S,eamers are exposed to