The daily dispatch. [volume] (Richmond [Va.]) 1850-1884, 1858-12-07


fSine out the principles of popular a5yereinntv
aha noo-lnteryentioD, have iefs sthe mode and
manner OF ttsapproyal or ratification by the renx
PIE oi the proposed State" to be "prescrihed by
,sN, ana snsy shall then be admitted into the
Union es State under such constitution thus
fa'tly aud legally made, with or without slavery.
as sa'a constitution may prescribe.
An election was held throughout Kansas, in prr-
suauce OF the provisions of this act on the second
day of August last and It resulted in the r,iectnn
by large majority, OF the proposition submitted
TO the people by Congress. This being the case
they are now authorized TO form another cens,itu.
tieii, preparatory to admission into the Union
but not uetii their number az ascsr tain ed by n
census. shaii equal or exceed the ratio required to
eiecta member of the House of Representatives.
III Is not probable, In the present state of the
case, that third constitution can be lawfully
framed and presented 20 Congress by Kansas. be.
ofe tts population shall have reached the t!esigua.
ted number. Nor is IL to be presumed that after
their Esd experience in resisting the territorial
laws, they viii attempt TO adopt a constitution in
express violation Of the provisions of an act of
y nsress During the session Of 1856, much Of
the time OF Congress was occupied on the question
ot admitting Kansas under the Topeka constitu.
ton. Again, nearly the whole Of the last session
was devoted TO the question of its adaission under
tho Lecompton constitution. Surely IL is not un.
'asc sbe to require the people of Kansas To wait
before making the third ATTEMPT, until the mum.
her OF their Inhabitants shall amount TO ninety.
three thons. nj foar hundred and twenty During
this brief pefi5d the harmony OF the States as
welt the great business interests of the country
demand THAI the people of the Union shall not for
Il third ttpe be consuised by another agitation on
the Kansas question. by waiting for a short
tlHle AMI acting in obedience to law, Kansas will
glide into the Union without the slightest imp.
timent
This excellent provision, which Congress have
applied to Kansas, ought to be extended aud rem
3ered applicable to all Territories Which may here
after seek admission into the Union.
Whilst Con8ress possess the und9ubted power
Of admitting new State into the Union, however
small may be the number of its inhabitants vet
this power ought not, in my opiuion. to be exer-
cisof before the population shall amount to the
ratio required by the act for the admission of Kan.
sas. Had this been previously the rule, the couu.
tcy would have escaped oil the evils and misfor-
tunes 10 which it has been exposed by the Kansas
question.
OF course, it would be uujus. to give this rule
retrospective application, and exclude State
which, acting upon the past practice Of the gov
erRment, has already formed its constitution elect
ed its legislature and other officers, and is now
prepared TO enter the Union.
The fuio ought to be adopted, whether we con.
slider its bearing on the people Of the Territories
or upon the people of the existing States Many
OF the serious dsset s;ous which have prevailed iD
Congress and throughout the country. would have
been avoided had this rule beea established az an
earlier period of the government.
Immediately upon the formation of a new Ter
Fitofy. people from different States and from fors
siSn countries rush iuto to, for the IaudabIe pur
pose Of improving their condition Their fret du
~ to themselves is to open aud cultivate farms to
construct roads, to establish schoost erect places
II religious worship, and TO devote their eue1 ses
generally 10 Ieo.aim the wilderness and to lay the
foundations of a flourishipg and prosperous eom
monwealth- II, in this incipient condition, with .
population of q tsw thousand, they should prema
turey enter the Union, hey are oppressed by the
burden of State taxation. and the mean. necessary
for the improvement OF the Territory and the ad.
vancement Of their own interests, thus divert
ed to very different purposes.
The federal government has ever been liberal
parent to the Territories, and generous contibu.
tor to the useful enterprises of the early settlers
Ii has rail the expenses Of their governments and
legislative assemblies out of the common treasury
aud thus relieved them from heavy charge
Under these circumstances, nothing can be better
calculated 20 retard their material progress than
to divert them from their useful employments, by
prenatureiy exciting angry political contests
among themselves, for the benefit of aspiring
leaders It is surely hardship for embryo go-
vernoTs, senatots, and members of Congress, to
wait anti the number of Inhabitants shall equal
those of a single congressional district. They
surely ought not to be permitted to rush into the
Union, with population less than one-half Of
several of the large counties in the interior Of some
of the States. This ass the condition of Kansas
when ii made application to tie admitted under
the Topeka cons situton. Besides,it reqnires some
time TO rauder the mass of population collected
in a new Territory, at all homogeneous, and to
unite them on anything like fxed policy. Es.
tablish the rule, and all will look forward to it
and govern themselves accordingly.
Bat justice to the people Of the several States
requires that this rule should be established by
COnSes. Each st ste is entitled to two senators and
al least one representative in Congress. Should
the people OF TIE States fail to elect Vice Pre.i.
dsut, the power devolyes upon the Senate TO select
this officer from the two highest candidates on the
list. In case of the death of the President the
Vice President thus elected BY the Senate, be-
comes President of the United States. On all
questions Of legislation, the Senators from the
smallest States Of the Union have an equal vote
with those from the largest The same may be
said in regard to the ratification Of treaties, and
OF Executive appointments All this has worked
admirably in practice, whilst it conforms in prn-
cpe with the character of government institu-
ted by FosereigL States.-~I presume 40 American
citizen would desire the slightest change in the
arrangement. Still, it is not unjust and unequal
to the existing States to invest some forty or fly
thousand people collected in Territory with the
attributes of sovereignty, and place them on an
equal footing with Virginia and Nsw York in the
Senate OF the United Siatesy
For these reasons earnestly recommend the
passage OF a general act, which shall provide that
upon the application OF territorial legislature
declaring their belief that the Territory contains
plumber of inhabitants which, if in a State
wCpd entitle them to elect member OF Con- gress,
it shall be the duty Of the President to cause .
of the inhabitants to be taken, aud if found
sufficient, then by the terms Of this act to author
ize them to proceed Gin their own way" to frame
State constitution preparatory 10 admission into
the Union. also recommend that an appropria-
{ o. may be made to enable the President to take
d census of the people Of Kansas
The present condition of the Territory of Utah
when contTasted with what it was one year go 10
subject for copgratustion. 1t was then in state
Of open rebellion, and, cost what II might, the
character of the government required, thai this re-
bsliiou sh oud be suppressed ard The Mormons CON-
pelled to yield Obedience The constitution and the
laws. In order to accom- lish this object, as l in
formed yen in my last annual message. appointed
a new governor Instead OF Brigham Young, aud
0 her federal officers TO take the place Of those who
cont ting their personal safety, hai found it nee
essary to withdraw from the Territory. 70 protect
these civil iii ers and to aid them as a roSse coBl
TITUS in The execution of the laws in case OF need
/ ordered detachment OF the army to accompany
them to Utah. he necessity for adopting these
measures is now demonstrated.
On he Is of September 1857, Governor Young
issued bi, proclamation, in the style of an indepen
dent sovereign announcing his purpose TO resist by
force OF arms the entry of the United States troops
into ,ur own Territory of Utah. By this he re-
ouirc1 all the forces in Ihe Territory to held them
s lives in readiness to march at moments notice
rerel any end all such INVASION and established
martial law from its date throughout the Territory.
and supply vacated and burnt down by the
Norrlons. to deprive our troops of shelter after
',y Daniel h Wells, styl,ng himself "Lieut enant
General. Hauyoo Legion to stampede the animals
OF the ECnited States troops IN their msrch. to
set fire 10 tl,er t aims. to burn the Grass and the
whole country before them and on their inks, to
I eep them from sleepiog by night surprised ard to
blockade the road by telling tces, and destroying
the forAs of rivers. &c, a, &c
These orders were promptly and eTectrally
oheyed. On the 4th October, 1857. The Mormons
captured AMI burned on Green River, three Of our
.nppiy trains, consisting OF s0rentyhve wagons
oacci with provisions and tents for the army ard
carried away scv<rai hundred auinlals. This di-
-einished the supply of proyisons so materially
hat General Johnston was Obliged 10 redueo the
-ation and even with this precantion, there was
,uiy sufficient left to suhsist the troors untit the
irst of June.
Our little army behaved admir- ably in their ep.
at Fort Bridger, nader these trying pri-
Iasions. In the midst OF the menntaiHs IN dreay.
unsettled, end inhosptable region, more than
housano miles irom bsase. they passed the severe
md inclement winter without n nlurmur. They
oked forward with confieencs for relief from their
ountry in cue season and In this they were not
disappointed.
Tue Secretary of War employed all his energies
forward them the necessary supplies, aud TO mus.