The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1858-04-08

- eAPso1eson " INC Amor and testing tho pfAcNoa-
blz3 Of It's navigation.
Incrder TO do this he was co upeed IN nrocad nv av
q s. Petersburg, obtain the permission Of the Russian
government TO euter the Amoor country
To have aempec exploration from the ss. without
the assistance OF steam, and alone, would have boon
worse than folly therefore the necessity Of entering
Aussia by way OF the Baltic This OF course rendered tho
"no Journey srross botn Europe and necessary
va this without policy aim-it was 10 witness that
great Inland trace o Rusrs concentrating ct Mime Nor
soror IN Europe ana at Kyacata in Asia, and 10 trace
ehs limo Of commerce Baltic Pacific Ocean.
II the Amor could be assembled By steamers this vast
country could be opened TO erican commerce. and the
very heart Of Northern Asia made accessible 10 mer
charts.
Having obtained the appointment he proceeded early
The spring OF 1855 via England and Denmark TO Cronstldt
and 81. Petersburg Owing to msIy circumstances Mr..
Collins detained in St. Petersburg and until
after the coronation Of the present Emperor was not till
after that event that he could obtain the necessary formal
permission to prosecute bis voyage.
1t was now too late 10 the two continents in order
to reach the Amoor before winter would set 10; he
queutly renamed Moscow until winter fairly set in and
the roads rendered good by sufficient coating Of
snow.
His detebtion not without it's benefits, because
gave him an opportunity to become familiar with the
nierioC trade of Russia the wealth OF Its cities and
the internal resources OF yast Empire all OF wnich
regularly copmIn Gated q the Depsrtnent Of State aod
in the meantime TO make himself familiar with the savo
mic language
Mr. Collins passed overland from St. Petersburg to the
head waters OF the Amoor, where he awaited .hs ap-
prosch Of spring, and then in small boat with and
five Coessck SOLDIERS furnished HIM by General Mourare
the Governor General Of Eastern Siberia, proceeded
down the three rivers lngadah Schlk and AMOR To
the ocean cisfasce by water Of some 500 miles. As
he proceeded entirely under the auspices Of the Russian
government he had every facility granted him ootain
COW 10 mid winter MIR Collins hat the opportunity
OF testing all the tsrrors OF Russo berian winter upon
American constitution.
Major Co Inns PROCEEDED in sleigh, with pos,
horses, BY way Of vademir, Nine Noreorod Kszau
crossing the Ufa Mountains al Eo,heroeburg, aud tau-
by Omsk, Tomok and kra1loy to fkoutsk, tLe
p,tal OF Etern Siberia, four thousand mios OF
Petersburg Spending some time ut frkontsk aud being
Hospitality entertained by General aouraref Mr. Collins
then VISITED the cities Of Kyachta aad Mai mat rsctn.
These places are, by treaty betweeo Russla and Caua
The only pom where commerce Dc conducted by the
people u the ITO Empires They situated about three
huDored and THY mites southeast Of Ikoutss, and
thousand miles uorheast Of rokin, on the ronters Of
Aorgoi;a and Siberia.
Mr.. Collins had the opportunity of Witnessing tho
opening Of the great fair al tue toll or white moon ia
February.
Grand ieasts and entertainments were given in honor
cf the occasion; the town Of Mnmat Ischn filled
with feast;rg, and illuminated with lanterns at night
TIE trade concentrated here very important; said 20
be twenty miilions oil dollars annually. ter gudng its
way tie backs Of carnes aud by ouiiocSs from ekn
1t taken By the Russiau merchants in the winter
sedges, and IN the summer by the rivers and WAGONS
and nnts Its w7 across siberia 70 the foot OF the Ur
mountains, crossing which coooeu SITES at the great
fair Of Nnc Norgorod, where the commerce OF 1856
summed up to three hundred millions Of silver rabies
Upon Tie approach OF spring Slr. c. crossed the Saun
vey Dcurtans and fell upon the head waters Of me
Amoor. Navigation not ytt being open he made fo
exploration o, the gold and silver country Of Nerchins
The mtres Of which worked By the convicts from
European Russia
The country is very rich in silver and gold.
Returning from the tour, ne aSaitec nj Chetah the
breaking the zee In the ingcdlu whence be proceeded
90 his downward course 70 the sea.
The country along thu Amcor Il fully described much
cf which susceptible farming and graxng. But
great problem as 10 s nav.gaoiiity /, fully solved.
ascend from to Cbesh distance OF twenty SIX
hundred miles which great nc opens up Siberia 10
Pacific commerce through the Amoor rais fsct hitherto
unknown and rot even guessed at, presents new field
for commerce, the ultimate limits OF which hardly be
graspeo by the most rmprehensve mind.
Mongolia, Msnchoora, Northern China, all the Tsrts-
res inject and Siberia, win population OF twenty 20
thirty millions sre approached by this river, and new
route 10 the Indies opened.
utter nothnibess in comparison with The utility and prac
ncsbilNy Of this route
One meet astonishing fact ia elected which Is, thai
Irkouk tho capital OF Eastern siberia be approached
with ocy soods three kuIdrod miles VI sud carriage.
Collins Is the FIRST foreigner tnRt has descended
the AMOR the second American that ever crossed the
Ura Mountains ana the first that has crossed the
inns dvcrg tie waters Of The Pacac from those OF the
He speaks in the highest terms OF the Russian officers
and peope upon his long journey having been treated
With kinorcss aod hospitality.
AT Kysohia where he was invited to a public d.aner,
the health CT President Buch was given regular
toest, which was drank standing with all the honors.
Mr. Buchanan IL very popular 10 Rsis and his elect IN
was hsned " IN delight throughout 'he Empire As he
also Minister a, 81 Pc,srsburg and negotiated the
last commercial treaty between tho countries, lac 10
known 10 c-any personally.
b. way a Hskodsdl japan up through the sea OF Ia
ian rats OF rarary and into the mouth OF the
AMOR toe navigation pIesents no unusual difficulties;
steam wanted the mouth Of the Amor 20 ow vessels
and from Sea- the same as at the mouth Of TIE xss
ssppi
for p,io they also get WOOD and wRier, and
sutrcargo tain proceed by Way OF keezey,
making a small TO tage into the AuCOr, and thCs Gac.-
peie his v,asol at The mouth 81 the river
Thai valuable extent OF country lying along the
Amoor and than that, tho navigation o. that
the interior provinces Of SIBERIA tnrop "a
which se has approach to the paeac . OF ised
n suffciert argument 'or the Rc11ston BY Russia But
inside this, the AMOR Tor ages in the hands Tar.
tars or the Cniresewho, Ike tho dog TIE maagor,
will neither themselves nor let any otor nation
n-jus,hes RUSSIA nc IN ~ acqupton a. we wcre IN
The Acquisition of the hsri-pp BY Jefferson peacsably
If could. forcbly n we must.
The whole Aneor pasin IL necessary ~ Rugs In the
deveicpement Of that covntrg, ard 70 hor quiet Etor
course into The heart OF sioera, as tho Mississippi valley
It's not Only most desirable TO Russi, but equally 70
prosrets ant civilizations; Tor with the possession Of
this river the Iar,sr vii b. completely hcmncd
IN ana apprcachabic ali sides.
Sircc MAJOR collins visit % rioG,sk and the AMOR a
company, called tic COMPANY Of the Anoor" has been
organized Ia ST. Petersburg, ara received tho sanction of
the Fmpero- wi,h capital Of four mrors u frarcs.
be increased To twelve millions, tor the purpose ~ Gen
coureRipg acc neVeoIng inc ooinmoFCA anu huusuiA
activity OF ue valley OF tho Amcoc,' "to open trade
through the Pacific ports th foreign countries W trade
with the lrcihns, % build and maintain steamers asi
sairg veasels establish factories, magazine Sc &c"
THIS shows at once the waking NJ Of Russia 70 the inn
porianoe oi the re Annexation Of the Au1co-.
II rvst be remembered I 1T Russia held
the Anocr, aut only suspended her claims there
IN the fsos OF great dificuuoa, to be renewed
rtopitious season Iois time has
rived, ard she IS pushing 20 the task with vigJr
And 10 what power but RUSSIA does Tho world tho
successful beating back Of TIC Great MoguIs who
Europe for centuries with ane swcrds fake
vast extent OF country over whch Russia boJs away
and che Of the most remarkable in history: control
pro eminent, In extont FAR surparr that Of ome IN her
palmict days Russia alone has been able control
Tartar race and has whipped them into some degree OF
civilization, and nom maraudng sordos trained them 10
Ie plough and the loom II Is 10 Russia alone that cly-
1atcn owes the fact thai you can Row travel from 81
Petersburg 10 ksmechska quite in any ether
portion o the globe and needing. perhaps lees prccsu-
ou the same extent " territory any other
partlke earlh's surface.
Alter leaving the Amoor in the fall OF 1857 Mr. C,ps