The daily exchange. [volume] (Baltimore, Md.) 1858-1861, 1858-04-02
+ o r E GIN :.
GLEANINGS FROM THE MAILS OF THE nj
AGARA.

| REVOLUTION IN THE TRADE OF NORTH AMERICA
! From leading article in the London Morniaq Her.
| dd we take the following: GAS the discovery of
the passage to India round the Cape of Good Hope
| completely changed the course of trade between
Asia and Europe, so in our times on the North
american continent we may witness a revolution
OF character scarcely less important which will
renGer the ports OF the st. Lawrence the main
conduit OF the produce of the northwest
ern states of the American Union, supersedinp
the Erie Canal and the harbcr of New York
Inc Canadians already speculate on the junction
el H the Atiantlc and Pacific by railway stretching
from the st. Lawrence to Vancouver's Island
through British territory; and they are actually
preparing to connect Lake Ontario with Lake Hn
ron by ship canal. They calculate on transport
ing to Europe the agricultural products of
million and half of square miles, living around the
great lakes, with region west and northwest
where all kinds of grain may grow luxuriantlv
where hocks of sheep will yield rich eeces, and fat
Deeyes reward the enterprise of the grazier. The
line of coast formed by the margins of the lakes is
upwards of 1000 statute miles, and the region above
the lakes, organized into the northwestern terri
tory In llSI, now embraces the States of Illinois,
Indiana, Ohio, Michigan and Wisconsin, and it is
proposed to divert the whole of the enormous and
annually expanding trade of these vast countries
through the channel of the St. Lawrence for ship
ment to Europe. Nor is the scheme visionary, but
has many recommendations among which relative
distances are prime elements. The distance from
Quebec to Liverpool is AIS miles less than from New
I ork to Liverpool. Kingston, at the foot of Lake
ontario, Is l25 miles nearer Liverpool than New
York Is. From Hamilton, at the head of Lake
Ontario, is the same distance as from New York to
Glasgow. From Lakes Ontario, Erie, and the
southern point of Huron is nearly a straight line to
the ports OF Great Britain, through the ST. Law
renee and the Straits of Belle Isle. The sapacitv
OF Washington foresaw this possible revolution in
trade.''
The CASE OF THE CAGLIARI-Dr. Phillimore has
given most elaborate opinion on the case of the
Cagllarl. The conclusions to which he comes are
that the steamer coudnot have been lawfully seized
as prize except In a time of open acknowledged
war; that she little liable to condemnation bv
the law of piracy; that the rules of international
law have also been disregarded by the Neapolitan
government IN the construction of the so called
Prize Court, and in the mode of procedure adopted
therein, as well as in making the so-called prize of
war the subject at one and the same time both of a
penal and civil procedure; and he says-The plain
truth Is that all these anomalous departures from
the law OF nations are the necessary consequence
OF applying to state of peace the stern rules which
an lneXorabe necessity renders incident to a state
OF war, and which the law Of nations strictly con-
hnes to that state But it most nearly concerns all
neutral and independent States to take good heed
that these extraordinary rights of belligerens are
not imported into their ordinary pacific relations
The case of the Cagiara is the first attempt of the
KIND, and am not surprised that the British Minis
ter at Turin should express in his dispatch of the
9th OF January, 1858, the expectation of the Brit
lsh Government that Sardinia will, by demanding
the restitution of the Cagliari, her cargo and her
crew, resist this unjusthable Infringement of the
rights of nations; and surely she may not without
reason expect that in this resistance she will re-
celve the support and cooperation of every indie
pendent, and especially of every maritime State
GENERAL SIR JAMES OUTRAM.-Thefollowin is an
extract from letter of one of the officers of the staff
to relation in Endinburg: "0n Sir Colin Camp
bells arriving at Alumbagh, on the Cawnpore road
he received from Outram carefully copied plans of
the city and its approaches, with minute descrip-
tions of every building and every point at which
he might expect resistance and carefully prepar-
ed scheme of the operations by which, in Outram's
opinion, he might best effect his entrance into the
city. Outram also constructed semaphore on the
top of the Residency to enable him to communicate
with Sir Colin, and prepared and furnished to him
a code of signals. Sir Colin telegraphed bv this
semaphore that he would follow out Outram's
scheme of operations. He did follow them; and as
soon as he advanced 0utram commenced a most
powerful diversion in his favor-blowing up mines
making sorties, storming positions, and bombardng
and shellng the palace of Kasserbagh in which the
enemy were strongly posted, thereby immensely re-
ducng the opposition Sir Colin met with The
evacuation of the old garrison, all of Outram's
planning and execution, was feat probably unpar-
alleled IN the history of war-an operation con-
ducted skillfuy and noiselessly that for nine
hours the enemy ignorant oft, and kept blaz-
ing away as usual at our old position.
GOLD EXPORTS OF AUsTRALIA.-The amount of
gold dust received by escort from several gold
fields during the year 1857 has been 14S l25 ounces
As compared with 1885, during which wear l3S s23
ounces were received there is an increase of about
$500 ounces in favor of 1857. The yield from our
southern gold fields has steadily increased during
the past year. while for the northern fields there is
rather falling off.
The following are the amounts received by each
uuartprlV he