New-York daily tribune., 1858-11-18

topol, has just come of. The hard-contested.
long continued battles on the Ueraclestic PENN
sua, though they damped the national pride of
Russia, and deprived her Of smsll slice OF terri
tory still left her with clear balance of profit st
the close of the war. The condition Of tn, "sich
man has been rendered materially worse the
Christian population Of European Turkey, both
Greek and S!a, onic are more eager than ever "a
snake OF the Turkish yoke, and look up to Russia
more than ever. as to their only protector. Rus
sian agents, no doubt have their hands in all ths
in.urrections and couspiracies now at work IN
Bosnia, Servia. Mcnten' gro and Gambia, but the
utter prostration and weakness of Turkey, as laid
bare By The war it,elf ald "a augmented BY the
obligations imposed upon that country by the
peace eau alone satisfactorily explain this general
agitation among the Christian subjects OF the Sui
tan. Thus, for momentary sacrlfce of narrow
strip of Iapd-for it must be obvious that she is
sure TO recover that st the yery first opportunity
Hussa has advanced good deal toward the realiz-
alton Of her plans respecting Turkey. The increas-
irg dilapidstion of Turkey and the protecorate of
her Christian subjects were the very objects sought
after by Eussia in beginning the war; aud who
can ssy that Russia does not now exercise such
trotectoratc more than ever
Thus, Rus.ia is the only gamer, even By this un-
successful war. Stil she owed return-Inatch,
and she has chosen to play it on ground where her
success stands unrivaled-On that of diplomacy.
While England and France undertook an expen-
sye contest with China. Russia remained neu-
trial. and ohy stepped in at the conclusion. The
result il that England and France have been
making war upon China for the sole benefit Of Rus
sa. The position Of Russia, in this case, was in
deed as favOrablea as it we'll could be. Here was AL
other of those totteriDg Asiatic Empires which
are, By one, falling prey to the enterprise of
tie European race; so weak so collapsed, that it
had not even energy to pass through the crisis of
popular revolution, but transformed even an acute
insure ction into chronic and apparently incura-
bic complaint; an empire so rotten that nowhere
scarcely was it capable either OF controlling its
own people or opposing resistance to foreign as-
gress.on. While the British squabb!ed with infe
ror Chinese officials at Canton, aud discussed
among themselves the important point whether
Commissioner Yek really did, or did not, act ao-
cording 70 the will of the Emperor, the Russians
took possession Of the country north of the Amoor,
and Of the greater part Of the coast Of Msntchoora
south of that point; there they fortified them
selves, Surveyed line Of railway and laid out the
plans Of towns and hsrbors When At last En-
gland resolved to carry the wax to Pekin, and when
France jeined her in the hope of picking up some
thing to her advantage, Russia though al the very
moment despoiling China Of 3 country as large as
Trance and Germany put together and of river
as large az the Danube, msLaged to appear as
the disiuteI, stcd protector of the weak Chinese,
AID TO act almost mediator ut the conclusion OF
the peace; and VIXEN we come to compare the diff
;erent treaties. we must confess that the fact Of
the war having been carried Oh for the benefit, not
of England @. France. but OF Russii. becomes eyi-
dent oall.
The advantages secured to the belligerents, and
Al which Russia as well as the United States
participates are Of purely commercial character.
and, as We have shown Oh former occasions for the
most part illusory. Under present circumstances,
the Chinese trade, with the exception of opium and
some East Indian cotton must continue 10 consist
principally in the export OF Chinese goods, tea aud
sill; that export trade depending on foreign de-
afford by the Chinese Government Tie world
mausged 10 get tea and silk before the treaty OF
NankiD and after that treaty the effect Of opening
the four porti was the transfer of aportion of the
trade Of Canton to Shangkac. The other porte
have scarcely any trade st al AID indeed the only
ole which has 1T least some importance, Swatow,
docs not belong to the five open ports. As to the
opening Of trade high up TIE Yang-t.c-hiang, that
has been wisely postponed TIL the time when his
Imperial Majesty shall have recovered his full sway
over the disturbed country in that neshborhood-
period concident with the Greek Calend' But
there have arisen other doubts as TO the value OF
this new Convention. There are soSie people who
sfhrm that tie transit duties spoken OF in
article XVIII cf the AHglo-Chinese treaty are
imssinay. These duties hs,o been supposed to
exist solely because the Chinese wanted very
Little English merchandise, Md English goods
accordingly, did not penetrate inland at al
wEIs certain kind Of Russian cloth,
suited 10 the wants Of the Chinese, and
brought BY way Of Kiskta or Thibet, actually
found its way TO the coast. II was iorgo''en
that such tolls, if in existence, would AFFECT Rus
sian as we'll as English goods. so much is sure,
tha. Mr. WingroYe Cooke, who was sent into the
Interior on purpose, unable to trace out these
pretended ..transit duties" and that when pub
lcly ilieTcgs.ed on the subject be confessed his