Litchfield enquirer., 1858-12-16

when prices fa and he is struggling against adver. sty, the duties diminished in the same propor. ton, greatly to his injury.
 Neither would there be danger that higher rate of duty than that intended by Congress, Icould be levied in the form of specific duties. It would be easy to ascertain the average value of any imported article for series of years and instead of subject ing 1t to an ad valorem duty at certain rate per centum to substitute in its place equivalent spe cifc duty.
 By such an arrangement the consumer will not be injured It is true, he might have to pay little more outy on given article in year but if so, he would pay little less in another and in series of years these would counterbalance each other and amount to the same thing, so far his interest is concerned. This inconvenience would be trif1ing, when contrasted with the additional security thus afforded against frauds upon the revenue in which every consumer is directly interested.
 have thrown out these suggestions as the fruit of my own observation, to which Congress- in their better Judgment, will give such weight as they may justly deserve.
 The receipts into the Treasury from all sources during the fiscal year ending 30th June, 1838 in- cludng the Treasury notes authorized by the act of December 23, lS57 were S70, ,273 S69 59 which amount with the balance of $l7 71O.114 27 remain ing in the Treasury at the commencement of the year, made an aggregate for the service of the year of $87 ,9S3, ,OS3 86
 The public expenditures during the fiscal year end ing June 30, 1858, amounted to SS1 585 667 76 of which S9,6e4, 537 99 were applied to the payment of the pubic debt, and the redemption of Treasury notes thereon, leaving in the Treasury on July I, lSoo, being the commencement of the present fiscal year. S6, ,398316 TO-
 Ibe receipts into the Treasury during the first quarter of the present cal year. commencing the st ot July looS including one-half of twenty millions oi dollars, with the premium upon it authorized by the act of June IA, l858 were $25 23O S7O 46. and tbe estimated receipts for the remaining hree-quar ters to @ June 50, l859 from ordinary sources, are S3o 5OO 0OO making, with the balance before stated an aggregate of S70, ,129, ,1O4 56
 The expenditures during the first quarter of the present fiscal year were $21, ,70S, 19S 5l of which sl ,oio, AZ 37 were applied to the payment of the pol!c debt and the redemption of treasury notesand the interest thereon. The estimated expenditures during the remaining three quarters to 30th June 1859. are S52, ,357 ,69S 48 making an aggregate of STA 095, ,S96 99, being excess of expenditure be- yond the estimated receipts into the Treasury from orolnary sources during the fiscal year to the 30th June, 1859, S3,936 7Ol 43. Extraordinary means are placed by law within the command of the Secre- tary Of the Treasury by the reissue of Treasury notes redeemed, and by negotiating the balance of the loan authorized by the act of 14th June l85S to the extent of $1l 900 O0O which, if realized during the present fiscal year, will leave balance in the Treas ury, on the 1st day of July, 1859, of $ O83 29S s.
 The estimated receipts during the next fiscal year. ending June 30, 1860, $62 GOO GOO. which, with the above estimated balance of S7 063, 298 57, make
 
 S69, 3,298 57. The estimated expenditure during the next fiscal year. ending June 30, 1860, are $73 l39, 147 46, which leave deficit of estimated means compared with the estimated expenditures for that year, commencing on the 1st of July. 1858, of $4, 075, ,848 89.
 In addition to this sum, the Postmaster General will acquire from the Treasury for the service of the Post-ofice Department, $3, ,838 728, explained in the report Of the Secretary of the Treasury, which will increase the estimated deficit on the 3Oth of Juna 1S60 to rCo do f,r tbo payment of this estimated deficiency, which will be increased by such appropriations may be made by Congress, not estimated in the report of the Treasu ry Department we'll to provide for the gradual redemption from year to year. of the outstanding Treasury Noes the Secretary of the Treasury recom mends such revision of the present +arf as will raise the required amount. After what have al. ready said, need scarcely add that I in the opinion expressed in his reportthat the public debt should not be increased by additional loan, and would therefore strongly urge upon Congress the duty of making, at their present session. the sary provision for meeting these liabilities.
 The public debt on the 1st of July, 1858, the mencement of the present fiscal year, S25 155,-
 During the first quarter of the present year, the of Sl0 600 900 has been negotiated of the loan authorized by the act of 14th of June, 185s-making the present outstanding public debt, exclusive of treasury notes, $35 l65, ,977 66. There was on the 4st of July 1855 of treasury notes issued by author ity of the act of December 2S 1857, unrcdeemed the sum of SIS, ,854 SO0-making the amount of actual indebtedness at that date, S54910,777 66. To this will be added $10,000 GOO during the present fiscal year-this being the remaining half of the loan of $20, 900 GOO not yet negotiated
 The rapid increase of the public debt and the ne- cessty which exists for modification of the tariff to meet even the ordinary expenses of the Govern ment. ought to admonish us. in all our respective spheres of duty, to the practice of rigid economy.
 The President recommends the construction of ten small steamers for the purpose of easing the eff ciency of the Navy suggests the increase of post age from to cents advises aid in the construc- tion of Pacific Railroad recommends that an ap- propriaion be made for paying the Colonization So ciety for expenses in restoring the Africans of the steamer Echo to their homes and closes by the usual recommendation that Congress shall take good care of the District of Columbia