The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1858-11-07
New Order of Things in the Old
Empire.
NE Triangular Game Of Dlplomaey-Shov.
ing how Russia Used the American
Against the French and Eng
lish Ministers.
Speculations on the Future Trade o.
China.
THE RUSSIAN TERRITORY on THE AMOR,
&c, &c, &c
SSIA AND CHINA-HOW
PLAYED HIS CARDS.

We made some observations yesterday upon the
treaty negotiated by Mr.. Reed, on penan Oh the
United States with the government OF Chlna-pro-
bahly the weakest and most worthless document
that lies among the archives at washington. 10
day We notice the treaty concluded with the same
semi barbarors Power by Count Putaune, on the
mart of the Emperor of Russian instrument of a
very different order, and deserving to be ranked
amongst the highest order of diplomatic papers.
Russia was at the commencement Of the rupture
with England in very different position 10 that o
all the other European Powers. She had a long
frontier conterminous with that of China; she
had trade with the Chinese empire carried on by
land TRANSPORT: She had an established College az
Pekn nominally established for educational and
ecclesiastical purposes, but really for political and
diplomatic objects; and she also had large tract
of Chinese territory, recently occupied IN noise
less manner, but held by force sufficient TO hold IN
check all the military power of China. These cir
cumstances formed the strength Of her position.
On the other hand she was excluded from the
privileges accorded TO other European Powers She
had no maritime rights. The right to trade at the
FIVE ports was specifically confined to the subjects
ard citizens of nations heretofore trading TO Can
ton. The Russians having no outlet to the Eastern
Seas before they obtained possession OF the country
watered by the Amoor, had never traded to Canton
and therefore had no share in those privileges-in
fact, the treaty Of 1912 had been specially worded
SO as to exclude them. The object OF Russia,
therefore, in the recent negotiations was 10 gam
the position of securing and utilizing her new
usurpations, TO put herself upon an equality with
the other maritime European nations, and TO open
upon the northern frontier of China and the mari
time commerce on the eastern coast In her first
object she early successful In the month
of May last, by treaty whereof we know nothing,
except by the scanty notice vouchsafed by the 81.
Petersburg Gazette she acquired legal right TO
all that large tract of Chinese territory situate TO the
north of the winding course OF the AMOR She
thus obtained an outlet by waterway 10 the East
ern seas in a latitude sufficiently southern to give
free passage TO commerce Tor the major part OF
the year. Having thus secured her usurpations,
her next object was TO utilize them. oi course
she proposed to herself TO obtain the IN
serton in the treaty about to be concluded
at Tiensin of the most favored nation clause, and
this being a foregone conclusion all special stpu-
lations as 10 maritime matters to her matter
of supreme Indifference. She knew that this odious
part of the work would be done for her by those
most interested in that particular matter These ma
tons ought 10 have been England and America; but,
az Russia, beyond the view of obtaining her own
treaty had also the object Of preventing npossble,
the presence of any other Power at Pekin, and the
circulation Of any other than Russian merchants
in the interior of China, poor Mr.. Reed was
detached from the side Of England and placed
in an antagonstic position, IN order TO accom-
plsh these objects, Count Putiatine knowing
Lord Elgn well enough 10 be satisfied that he would
of his own force obtain general commercial prvl-
leges sufficient TO answer the purposes of Russia.
This last most able move, happily, did not succeed,
but il was played with admirable subtlety, poor
Mr.. Reed being the catspaw, and being made all
the while to fancy that he was working Tor some
profound result in conducting the ntrigues against
England In reality he exactly in the position
of the carpenter in ogarths picture, laboring hard
u saw of the plank on which he sits.
This being promised, the Russian treaty will be
found admirably 10 subserve the interests of Count
Putiatines master IL consists OF only twelve arti-
ces The first contains the usual recital, tending
20 excite n smile under the circumstances, Of the
peace and friendship which have for number OF
years existed between Russia and China; but II
also guarantees an intercommunity OF securities
for the subjects of the respective empires The
il a.
regulates the diplomatic relations between the
two Courts, gives 10 every Russian agent at
open port night OF direct communication
with pekin, and provides for the passage Of Rus
,iaS r,,yovs. by land or by sea, by any route they
NAV choose. up 70 the capital The third article
gives 10 Russia the very important pINns,se ~
trading TO the open ports; aud NE Iouftn putt
Russian shipping, IN respect OF dues, upon the
same footing with other European countries. We
may pass over some Of the subsequent articles,
which relate TO the presence Of Russian ships u
war in Chinese ports, the treatment OF wrecked
Russian subjects, the ex-territoral lurldlcai I'M
mun,ies Of the subjects Of the respective nations.
and the circulation Of Russian missionaries pro-
yided with passports signed by Russian authorities
The ninth article contains stipulation dangerous
20 China-that a convention shall be held To
settle the contentious frontiers u the two
empires: the tenth cmancipatcs the Russian
Ecclesiastical Mission at Pekin' from all its
previous conditions Of Chinese control: but the
eleventh draws very close the ties that are here
after 70 connect the two countries. This eleventh
article provides that regular postal service shall
b. established between Pekin and kiakhta-a city
on the frontier northwest from Pekin, and IN
line between that capital and St Petershurg-for
the communication between the governments, a.
well Tor the wants Of the Ecclesiastical Mission
at Pekin." II In stipulated that the Chinese cou.
rers shall perform the 20 and fro service between
pekin and kiakhta at least q month. and shall
make the transit in fifteen days. Moreover, IL u
agreed that every three months a convoy shall
make the transit between these points 10 space
ard ma hall -
equal 20 the transport 81 every kind Of cocts The
only remaining article consists 81 the favored
nation clause whereby Russia adds 20 the special
rfpulafions which she alone can use all tie general
advantages that have been fought FOR and negott
ated FOR by England and France.
We are not now discussing what the ultimate de.
signs az Russia upon China may be- or how Tar they
NAV De anagonistiC 70 our commercial interests, or
how FAR by adding 20 the strength 81 that colossal
Power. their realization may become dangerous 70
European liberty. We are pointing attention only 10
The action and result q these very interesting and
important negotiations. 10 this point Of view u y
impossible not 80 admire the simplicity and neatne-s
81 this diplomatic instrument. There Is nothing IN II
That Is not useful; nothing j. obtruded unneces-
sarily opportunities LEFT open for a hun.
dred later discussions but nothing Is uncertain
III the concessions that Russia thought II important
% obtain. As mere piece VI diplomacy IL j. quite
pprfect i'm it, Kind. Ofc0ur.e We have no right 10
complain that NJ. Putlatine intrigued against Eng.
land and the rest Of the world. and tried 10 keep
their statesmen away from Pekin and their mcr.
chants GOT Of the interior. Having presumed that
tie policy u China l. policy ~ territorial aggres.
sion. NJ Putiatne played a fair game for an AIDE.
quate object Perhaps we admire his skill Of
fence with The more good Eumor since be was
fooled in the only lungC that was aimed 10 wound
~ deeply. II may, however, not be unmportant
vi some future time. with these facts before US. 20
reconsider the relations between Russia and China
ard ~ discuss the course Of action which expe-
diency may point out on the occurrence Of c0mpi
cations that may not be far distant
HOW Mr.. REED WAS MADE THE CATsPAw
OF THE RUSSIAN.
From the London gt0lse u Oct. oil
The Itnaes has two articles to-day and yesterday,
founded evidently on good information, on the con.
pected subjects Of the American and Russian trea.
ties with China. We strongly recommend our
transatlantic kinsfolk TO read. mark, learn -
NE will mot add inwardlv digos4 - ,bo c,c.s