New-York daily tribune., 1858-12-01
PROF. LEIBERS THIRD LEC TURE.

Irof Le.ber devoted lis thiid lecture on tue History
Of Commerce to an exposition Of the causes "h',A
have determined the development Of Asa,ic Com
niece A. be had before shown. Il Wa imted by
the sbsrce OF roads ard the general practice Of con-
qaest ard tie devastation of tGe conquered countries
The universally despo'ic government OF Asia vas
another and one OF tie most ipporsGt causes. By
the A.stic law, even by The most complcstei and
logical systeus, every lsnihoder was a aodbolter
only at the will OF the sovereign. This opeta.ed most
juriou-y upon the rcIes-e Of wealtl, wL.ch was
ne,essary fer The Increase of commerce. A,iatc des
pot sm, too, kuew no JUS dirinEn, principle whish
badlas il ~as, was Improvement upon the theory OF
success the sovereignty Of the naked fact, which WAS
in at nothing but the crine Of the t-psi. This
gov.nm, nt produced equality among the people, but
it was the equality Of degradation. Commerc, ou
the contrary, required we.lgu.rauteei seredauce
and :elf gov rpmeLt. This form Of government aud
the abs. nc Of the divine rigu,' renlerl the
mighty en- pires OF Asia Of very short duration.
Again, despotsm tie most expensive form of
government; the pomp which surrounded A-stic
poten,aie- almost incredible, For Instance, the
former King Of Burrah had some GO -r ~ white ele-
pbsLts, e,ch Of which hai whole court around hlG.
In Persia, in Petsepol.s the City OF the Dead sscn
cOu is This immense waste OF wealth iuot dis
astrou4 to conme,ce. We fourd moreover, uuder all
Eastern t.-pcti ms the boarding cf treasures which
very much n,crf,red with tho adv .ncemeIt of con-
uierce. One OF the gieate,t advantages of moier1
civil cation that miscrs poga.day did no. hoard
their teasures bat employed them allowed of
their employment IN commercial traDssctiOn.. Tie
last ard Of tie worst of A,atc dssbdi,s vas her
lack Of inter. aiioi al law. Toe properly Of zeDs OF
one country was lot recognized a5 such IA another
country. government would take caravan wher.
ever il chose. The efsei - of weath-Dhs no woad
coll it, factor -sere four:
frss.i,,y' fIss.iY; belonging to the rrdivliaa.
Srrnlest' e'gorms' .,,o, teou sns to tie Public.
When any one of these wa, entirely wanting, ell he
re-, went for nothing. II the oil story Of Achilles
-invnnesLe txcept his heel; the exception Destroyed
the quality. The people of Asia we're frugal without
being Industrious But II ttey were botn, they would
be robbed by the Gov rnment; they had 40 security.
Elphinstore related that, some important city, he
bad draft on a Persian merchant. Wien lie weLt to
him the merchant said he would pay i: if he would
come to him at midnight. But Why" a'ked Ephin-
stone. "why come at such unsee-orab'c hOgr1'
" If the Government knew that hsi go muci money
state, % cour-e, commerce would DO beay,iy han.
per.d. In, fiugalty, industry and security combined
would not develop commerce without communication,
and in a Asia, except llirdostan, there We're
no road. With all these dsad vantage, then, how
was i that We ha, TO go 20 Asia for tie begnnrg
Of commerce II was because msn was by set ire
very lazy beng, becsu'e he had 10 be coaXed into
agriculture at t by such rich aud easy laod' 81
those alorg toe Ganges and because agriculture was
the firt steppiog to civilization Trle matters
bal chaoged, civilization Lai sougb. colder cIlne;
snd tue Norwe eg an peaant, who vas somet,mes com
peleo to mix ground bsrk with his oat meal, enjoyed
far uore Of comfort t. day than tie GinGyo. This
charge was vefy singular, std it had produced the
Northwestern course which we observed in the
advance tf civil za,lon around the world. Aud,
although tie distances in Asa were enorwou' they
were bn1ged by deserts, far more navsab'e 81 their
natural ship tie camel which God built fur usn, than
the sea was in early times for which had 70 tu
h- own slips. The ocean Low united ucre than 1t
divided to us i was only q utiyerss. bridge, aud,
CONNER cally, Liverpool nearer thau ClucinrGt