davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Vermont phÅ“nix. [volume] (Brattleboro, Vt.) 1834-1955, 1858-12-18

One of the best anagrams we have ever seen,
was one made from the translation in the Nul-
gate of Pontius Pilates last question to our
Savior What is truth? 'QWid est IeritdS -
The anagram answers, Est rir qui odest (It
is the man who is before you.) This example
complies with the conditions Of a perfect ana
gram. 1t employs all the letters-docS not de-
pend on northumberland makes the ana
gramatized sentence an answer to the direct
form.
The most wantonly wicked application of
good maxim, was made by the man who said to
himsef-"BusineSs before pleasure" while kiss
ing his own wife previous to going out to kiss
neighborS.
George Warner, clerk of the Mansion House
at Greenfield, disappeared mysteriously on
Wednesday night of last week lie had $500
in his possession at the time, and it is feared
that he has met with foul play.
A new counterfeit 81 bill on the Brandon
Bank of Brandon, VT, has made its appearance
in New York.
John Lctchcr has been nominated for Cover
nor of Virginia, after a desperate struggle
This is an unqucstionable triumph Of the Hun
ter-Buchanan faction, as opposed to Gov. Wise,
Senator Douglas and all who are tinctured with
Anti ccomptonism. 1t is a declaration by the
Virginia Democracy that either Buchanan
must he run again or Southern Slavery Ex-
tensionist nominated in his stead.
The United States steam higate Niagara,
which left Charleston on the 18th of September
with the Africans taken from the SLAYER Echo,
returned to New York, on Saturday morning,
from her philanthropic mission. The Niagara
arrived at Monroyia, on the Sth of November,
and landed her dusky passengers at that port,
together with provisions, clothing, and other
stores furnished for their support and comfort
by the American Colonization Society. Seven
ty-one of the negroes had died on tho passage,
leaving but 200 out of the original number re-
ceiyed on board at Charleston.
Vermont phÅ“nix. [volume] (Brattleboro, Vt.) 1834-1955, 1858-12-18

known as DcluSion) Smith have come on to the
federal capital, and will, it is said, press for a
recognition of their title to seats as Senotors in
Congress. Of course Oregon must be legally
admittedas State before anything can be done,
and even we do not see how these gentlemen
will be entitled to seats in Congress without
another election. The Oregon question would
be one of some interest, were it not for the fact
that both of the above gentlemen are democrats.
Squatter sovereignty can be stretched sufficient
" to admit them some way, and not suffer a
worse tension than when Bright and Fitch were
admitted from Indiana.
Vermont phÅ“nix. [volume] (Brattleboro, Vt.) 1834-1955, 1858-12-18

DESTRUCTION TO JrRY.--"If the jury be-
licvc, from the evidence, that the plaintiff and
defendant were partners in the grocery, and
that the plaintiff bought out the defendant and
gave hi, note for the interest, and the defendant
paid for the note by delivering to the plaintiff a
cow which he warranted mot breachv,' and the
warranty was broken by reason of the breachi-
ness of the COW, and he drove the COW back and
rendered her to the defendant. but the defen-
dant refused u receive her. and the plaintiff
took her home again. and put a heavy yoke or
poke upon her to prevent her jumping the fence
and by reason Of the yoke or poke she broke
her neck and died and if the jury further be-
lcve that the defendants interest in the grocery
was worth ANYTHING. the plaintiffs note was
worthless. and the COW good for nothing. either
for milk or beef then the jury mus, find out
themselves how they will decide the case for
the Court, if it understands itself, and it thinks
it does. don't know how such case should be
decided"
Vermont phÅ“nix. [volume] (Brattleboro, Vt.) 1834-1955, 1858-12-18

"BLooD TELLs."-Many people are unwil-
ling to admit the full effect of due observance
of the principles of breeding, in improving ev-
cry description of stock. But happily the num-
bers OF doubters are diminishing every year.
10 aid In removing whatever lingering tenden-
cies to disbelief may remain in the minds of
some of the more skeptical We publish the ped
igree of noted horse as furnished for the use
of the Committee on one branch of Morgan
horses at our last State Fair. Amateur breed
ers will please make a note of it,
" Udsilngt0n Crey's Pedgree He was sired by
ola Grey Hawk; he 10y Morgan Tiger The dam Of
Washington Grey was Morgan mare sired by Old
Washington Grey; he by the young Bod Soldier: he
ny Ming iiercd; he by cd Bold Soldier; he by the
horse George Washington rode in front Of the Amer
lean Army. j. h. Wrsroy'"
In this case the "grey mare was the better
he"ae," "~.-;i~.i''e 'iiv putty VI her DIoou ana
her direct descent from one of the Revolution
airy heroes, although it does not exactly appear
trhich one.
Vermont phÅ“nix. [volume] (Brattleboro, Vt.) 1834-1955, 1858-12-18

Hon TONED LIrERATUEE.-lhe establish
ment and consequent success Of the Atlantic
Monthly has had a marked effect upon the lit
respects canno; but be noticed by every reader.
The taste of the people has been elevated, and
trash is now estimated at its proper worth
Our newspaper tales, instead Of being yanid in
'''t','s arr now wrirton with and for a purpose
and in the greater prevalence of pure English,
of styles void Of atiectation, and of orthRpical
correcters, one secs the beneficial results arising
from the high tone in magazine literature the
Atlantic eyinced in It's first issue. and has ever
since maintained. We are of those who rejoice
that the day has gone by for trashy nouvellcttes
and pontlcss stories. and that more elevated
taste is gradually growing among the people
B1Ston saturday Lroiing Gasette.
Vermont phÅ“nix. [volume] (Brattleboro, Vt.) 1834-1955, 1858-12-18

TIE STATE House TO BE CoMpLETED-We
are automatically informed that the obligors on
the bond given the State to secure the rebuild
ing OF the State House, representing the citi-
zens Of Montpelier, have come to the determin-
alton to complete the capitol and have it sn
readiness for the next session of the Legislature
We are glad of this determination, believing
that it is the only course the people of Mont
pelier can honorably pursue in the present
posture of affairs relative to this matter. 1t
will serve to restore the confidence of the inhab-
itants of this State in the good faith of those
who gave the bond, and will prevent numerous
unpleasant divisions tLat would otherwise have
arisen in our State politics.
Vermont phÅ“nix. [volume] (Brattleboro, Vt.) 1834-1955, 1858-12-18

VERMONT HISTORICAL SoCIETY.-The Bur-
lington Times says shat it is understood that
Hon. GEORGE FOLSOM will pronounce the An
nual Address before the Vermont Historical So
ciety, next October in Montpelier" As Mr..
Folsom is gentleman Of varied culture and
extensive erudtion the Society may anticipate
an excellent entertainment. His residence in
this village during considerable portion of ev-
cry year will enable us to claim him as at least
a semi-V ermonter,
Vermont phÅ“nix. [volume] (Brattleboro, Vt.) 1834-1955, 1858-12-18

House CoMMrrTEEs.-'fhe three Represen-
tatives from Vermont are all placed on impor-
tant Committees, to wit Mr.. MORRILL, on the
Committee on Ways and Means; Mr.. RoYcE
on the Committee on Foreign Affairs and lir
WALTON on the Committee on Public Expend-
lures. Mr.. MoRRILL's place on the Commit
tee on Agriculture is filled by Mr.. KEN, the
new member from Pennsylvania elected to fill
the vacancy occasioned by the resignation of J..
Clancy Jones'
Vermont phÅ“nix. [volume] (Brattleboro, Vt.) 1834-1955, 1858-12-18

WHAT THE GIRLS NEED.-Mrs Ellis thus
hints at the deficiencies of the English girls in
household knowledge. The cap will tit our
American young ladies, except that some of the
latter have plenty of "frankness," and do not
think it worth while even to show 'moclx mod
esty"
"lhe truth is, my dear girls, you want, gen.
orally speaking, more liberty and less fashona-
BILE restraint; more kitchen and less parlor 4;
more leg exercise and less sofa; more making
buildings and less piano; more frankness and
less mock modesty; more breakfast and less
hustle"
Vermont phÅ“nix. [volume] (Brattleboro, Vt.) 1834-1955, 1858-12-18

II The sale of that remarkable and truly valuable pepa
ration Perry Davis Pain Killer constantly and rapidly in
crcasng During the past year. the demand for this great
remedy has been altogether unprecedented Scarcely week
passes by during which do not hear Of remarkable
having been performed within the circle Of acuan-
lance by the Of the Pain KillerPrOp Gen. Adusr-
tiser.
PERRY DAVIS PAIN KiLLER-The Rev. Dr. Whitaker, wrl-
ting from Toungoo, Burmah, says "My duties as mis-
sonay prevent my noticing particular cases. hut your Pain
Killer been used with peculiar success in diseases OF the
stomach, bowel complaints aud in cases Of burns
Vermont phÅ“nix. [volume] (Brattleboro, Vt.) 1834-1955, 1858-12-18

IfNKERING WITH CoNSTIrUTIoNs.-When
Martin Luther wrote his translation of the BIZ
bic, he wrote in the preface, begging all people
to let it alone. They might, he said, go to work
and make new one as soon as they pleased,
but not alter his. "let this continue mine. for
nowadays there is no end of mending and bet
tering."
His caution has been Needed and his work
remains unchanged to this dayIthe monument
of his genius, industry and piety. Instead of
growing obsolete, it has formed the language of
his country. But what would he have said had
he lighted upon our times, when nothing seems
fixed beyond tinkering, either in morals or
craftsmanship?
Vermont phÅ“nix. [volume] (Brattleboro, Vt.) 1834-1955, 1858-12-18

THREATENED MUIISY IL THE TRAcEs-The
Albany argus, genuine doughfaced Buchanan
organ always set to administration tunes, hav-
ing announced, as part of the democratic creed,
that shareholders have the same right to take
their slaves into theYerritories as have the own
ers of other property, the Rochester Union
says;
"Will our friends of the -4Ras g. Arg,s, please
tell us when the dogma in question was incor-
porated into the democratic creed p If it bas
been thus incorporated, the fact has escaped our
observation. BE it there or not, are cannot 90
il, whatever Others may do. And we are con
lident that no Northern State in 1860 will vote
for candidate who does"
Vermont phÅ“nix. [volume] (Brattleboro, Vt.) 1834-1955, 1858-12-18

Penmashp History Of the United States and Composition
though Of great importance in exery District School,
mentioned in the Act, topics, In reference which
Board required to select Txt-Books therefore they
have made official recommendation Of iusruc
ton IL these branches.
But am authorized to say, that the Board ndiududis,
with recommending the consideration of SUI
perinendents Teachers and Parents and Booksellers in W.T.
the following Books;
sition burgess \ Co., New York
IN IlisrnRY or L. S.-Quackenbos "Ilistory Of United
States" appleton Il Co, New York;
Is PENNASsmP.-payson, Dunton and Scrihners' "Pen-
manshipr cory books, CONDENSED In two numbers
And Bookkcep adapted Payson puntn and scrib-
ners' Pennanship Grossly, Nichols 4 Co., Boston.
J. S. ADAMS Secretary.
Vermont phÅ“nix. [volume] (Brattleboro, Vt.) 1834-1955, 1858-12-18

TIE MESSAGE AND THE PREsS.-Thc New
York Herald had the presidents message in adj
vance Of its delivery, and had issued il for sale
in the streets while the other papers were wait
ing for their copies from the post office. The
Times wakes wrathy at this advantage of its ri
val, and assumes that the president gave Ben
nett an advance copy because he was afraid to
refuse him, aud says that the president is as
cowardly as he is dcccitfu. The Herald seems
to have got into the habit Of doing thi, thing ;
it is the second or third time it has got ahead
of its contemporaries in some mysterious man
ncr. The Times says of Mr. buchanan =
at is nearly two years since we heard gen
tlcman. then and now holding one of the most
honorable and lucrative appointments under
president buchanan. remark of that distinguish
ed man, that he was a very moral and very pi-
Gus person.--and that his principal failing was
a constitutional inability to tell the truth. With
all bis respect for his official head, he felt con-
strained TO confess that not the slightest reliance
eeeid be p N, gg?n b. gr2misss .AsAR h.
ann amer he had received from him distinct
and explicit promise Of aid and friendship. His
whole official career has been one pr5tracted
game at hide and secl, with The truth He has
been the Sophy Wackles of statesmen. No man
has ever come in contact with him without gricv-
ing that Ger he knew "a chief 50 fair vet 50 de-
cei,ing." Those who knew him best have trust
ed him least and those who never trusted
him at all are the only persons he has never be-
traycG.'
Vermont phÅ“nix. [volume] (Brattleboro, Vt.) 1834-1955, 1858-12-18

MIcmGAN.-The Legislature of Michigan
which is to assemble on the first week in Janu-
airy, will elect Republican Senator to succeed
Charles +. Stuart the only doughface in Con-
SreSs from that State. Governor Walbridge,
Kingsley 5. Bingham and Austin Blair are
named as the gentlemen from whom the sclec-
ton will probably be made. Thus one by one
the democrats are giving place to Republicans.
Vermont phÅ“nix. [volume] (Brattleboro, Vt.) 1834-1955, 1858-12-18

OREGQN,-It will be remembered that the
people of Oregon, believing that law had pass
ed Congress admitting their territory to the In
ion as State, convened legislature and elect
ed two Senator's and a Representative. The
Senators, Joseph Lane and Delazon (bettor
Vermont phÅ“nix. [volume] (Brattleboro, Vt.) 1834-1955, 1858-12-18

RELIGIOUS INTELLIGENcE.-Rey are in
progress in Athens, Braintree, Randolph and
st. Adams Bay-The conversions resulting
from the recent camp meeting at Norwich are
now estimated at over two hundred.
Vermont phÅ“nix. [volume] (Brattleboro, Vt.) 1834-1955, 1858-12-18
Tge Oermont pbelrit.
BRATTLEBORO, VIZ;
S U r DAY, DEC. is, 1858


ron, ON Ar,,>-,rS
To whom, MI pavments NAV no mao for 1iIr VERMONT
PHOENIX, for 1859
Brookline, .......C w sTEBBINs
Doyer,.......... LlMoN uhR
iu,mn,ers,nn W "a ~ nS SU'
u. West, W. WILSON.
1rarton, .......... BEN W; DEAN.
"1 n IT,, sii'n t eIu ii,NSVN'
Do. Green llverJOHN d. WALKER
Halifax, ...'..... srnPllIN Niles.
Vermont phÅ“nix. [volume] (Brattleboro, Vt.) 1834-1955, 1858-12-18

School BooKs.-Ihe attention Of parents, teachers
and Others is invited to the list of school books, rs Of
fciny announced by the Board Of Education, and
published in another column. That it is the best list
which might have been selected Is n matter in which
considerable difference Of opinion is allowabe but
good degree of uniformity is n contamination most de-
yoytly to be wished by all engaged in schools.
Vermont phÅ“nix. [volume] (Brattleboro, Vt.) 1834-1955, 1858-12-18

TnE PRESIDENTS IDEAS OF ECoNoMY.-Mr.
Buchanan, in his message, admits that the rev.
enuc of the country is wholly inadequate to the
expenditures Of the country upon their present
scale The public debt on the first of July, in
the present year was S54 ,910,772,GG, to which
sum that of Sl0 ,000,000 the remaining half of
the loan authorized on the 18th of June, is to
be added making the total public debt within n
few dollars of sixty-ive millions. Upon this
state of things the President observes, FIRST that
to resort to loans to meet the ordinary expenses
of government would be ruinous policy; Sec
ond, that the revenue must be increased by an
amendment of the tariff in some particulars F.;
and third, that a rigid economy must be prac-
ticcd. On this latter point he dwells with some
minutencss. The objects of expenditure should
be reduced in number, and what appropriations
are necessary should be strictly scrutinizcd.-
lie has instructed the Departments to cut down
their estimates, and promises to aid Congress
to do this to even greater extent.
This reads well. But now let us sec how the
President practices what he recommends to
Congress, bearing in mind that the public debt
is already sixty-fvc millions of dollars, and the
public revenue is not adequate to the public ex-
penditures even of the most ordinary character.
Under these circumstances he accompanies his
homily on economy with the following recon-
HiNHudtioHH, anu tHcSt Ill dVUltlOH 10 inc Ortll-
nary appropriation bils-
|. The purchase of Cuba.
2. Payment of Spain for the Amistad ne
grocs.
3. The establishment of an indefinite number
of military posts in Sonora and Chihuahua, and
the support of an army to occupy them.
4. The employment Of the army and navy to
open and keep open the Nicaragua transit
route.
j. The employment Of the army and navy for
the same purpose with reference to the Panama
route.
6. The employment of the army and navy for
the same purpose with respect to the Tchuan-
tepec route.
:. \ resort to war with Costa RIGA and Mic
aragua, if our demands are not complied with
at an early day.
8. The construction Of more war steamers.
o. The construction by government aid Of the
great Pacific railroad.
10. Some underlined Blooms to the District of
Columbia.
The President is quite anxious that q rigid
economy should be exercised, and intimaies to
his Secretaries that they must cut down their
estimates closely as possible--they must not
ask anything from Congress beyond the bare
appropriations for their respective departments
while he himself launches out into half a
score pet projects Of incalcuablc cost, for not
more than one of which there is reason or ne
cesSty. Suppose all or half of the Presidents
recommendations are complied with. can the
expenditures of the country he possibly kept
within the revenue? And what will be the
amount Of the public debt five years hence ?
Vermont phÅ“nix. [volume] (Brattleboro, Vt.) 1834-1955, 1858-12-18

Considering the general decrease in the val
uotion of 1853 from that of the preceding year,
Windham County stands in very respectable
position
Vermont phÅ“nix. [volume] (Brattleboro, Vt.) 1834-1955, 1858-12-18
Grand List.

The following table shows the Grand List of
each county in the State for 1868, and the in
crease or decrease from the List Of 1857:
Vermont phÅ“nix. [volume] (Brattleboro, Vt.) 1834-1955, 1858-12-18

Vermont Bourd of Education.

This ccries, that at Meeting Of the Vermont Boarl u
Education duly called by his Excellency, GOV. Hall and
held burlington the 9th h and sth daysof December
A. r. 1855 the following list OF Text Books for the Of
the District Schools II the State selected and approved
10y the unanimous Of the Board, rlance with the
mn Section 81 IAN Act relating
Schools" enacted by the Legislature a, their
October session, A. d. 1855.
Spoilers.
For primary classes in ordinary District Schools
"Progressvc Lessons in the English Language Publish
ers' Il. farnham, Jr, Co, Bradford, Vt.
For advanced classes ordinary District Schools and for
Graded and Mon Schools,
Worcester rrouauncng Spelling Book" Clicking Swan
Brewer Boston
Readers.
For the ordinary District Schools,
Town and llohrooks Progressive Primer, and First
sc md, and Third Readers AMI Common School Reader and
Speaker.
For Graded and Union Schools,
Town and iolbrooks School Reader and Speak.
er, and Fourth and finh Readers (iasin X Ellsworth,
Bcston)
For ordinary District Schools,
"Io"si's Element; Of Grammar" Crosby, Nichols Co,
mar" :. 5. W. Wood, y. York.
For Graded and Union Schools,
Wells "Grammar of the English Language" Qvson x
rhlney ~ York; and Buion's "Analytica and Practical
English Grammar pratt, oakley& Co., New York;
Biographies
For ordinary District Schools
Coruels First steps Primary and Common school Geog-
ralhies,' (rejecting Corners Intermediate)
For Graded and Union Schools,
"Cornels High School Geography and Companion Atlas"
%. Appleton Co, New York;
Ariihmttics.
For ordinary District Schools,
'Greenlcas "Primary Intellectual, and Common School"
Arthmetics.
For Graded and Union Schools,
Greenears Higher Arithmecs. ( S. Davis Co, Bos-
tod.
For mental Exercises In all the Public Schools
Warren Coburn's Inel.ctu Arithmetic Drown Tag
gard 4 Chase, Bos,on)
And that said list Of books thus selected aud pub
sLe in the language Of the Act referred has "bocome
authoritative and binding upon the Board OF Education,
"supernlenden and Teachers, until January LIST, D.,
1854, and Teachers and Superntendents shall
fu the District Schools, books shall become
for instruction In the branches named other
than books included in said list Established
INLAND HALL,
BURNHAM MARTIN,
CALVIN PEASE,
J. d. BRADLEY
TIM r. KEDFIELD.
BY order Of the Board,
Vermont phÅ“nix. [volume] (Brattleboro, Vt.) 1834-1955, 1858-12-18

The subscriber happy inform those wishing for Dental
operations that he has procured Electric Battery, made
expressly for the purpose current Of electricity ap
piled directly to the Tooth to be extracted and the operation
is performed with little pain
Please call and see.
1-r Office opposite the Post Office.
A. D. PUTNAM.
Dr. p, continues to perform all operations in Dental Sur
gerry in the sklfu Teeth inserted from to
entire set and Teeth plugged with fine gud making them
serriceablc for life.
Vermont phÅ“nix. [volume] (Brattleboro, Vt.) 1834-1955, 1858-12-18

'nmbftdEf Cnttic Murkct-Wc Wednesday. Dec IL
At market 115 Cattle, about 900 Bccvcs and liz ST.
consisting Of Working Oxen, Cows, and one two and dr.,
years old. "'ee
pmcEs-Norket BecE-Evtra, s6l a S7-1st quality "a
a0l-2d quality, s5l-3d quality S4l-oriiinary s3l -
Stores-Workng Oxen-ST5, 90 $3.50 per pair
COWs and Caiues-s25, 80, 40 a o.
Yedrhings-Nonc. Ttro Years Old-sIsn21
Three Years Od-$22 $27.
SHEEP and Lambs 2lOO at market Priccs-In lots Al
H. 81! each Extra and selections, SO, t. SO each
HideS-TI a Sc per 10. ration OF a &c per III.
Pchs--sl 81 IL each. car Skins ~ a I3c per ID.
There the Boston and Maine Railroad
~ over the Boston and Lowell 40 the Ftchburg and
none over the Western, loaded with Cattle Sheep
Horses. or the 10 the Echburg we're from Albany
Remarks-Tle supply large but sufficient for the
demand great many buyers; not any change in prices
for Beef Sheep rather quicker change in pces good
old Sheep sold from I TO per 10.
Vermont phÅ“nix. [volume] (Brattleboro, Vt.) 1834-1955, 1858-12-18

GIVE have received from ]. Steen "Waltons
Vermont Register" and "The Vermont Directory"
for 1852 Those in want of either of these compen-
diums of useful knowledge will find them for sale at
his bookstore
Vermont phÅ“nix. [volume] (Brattleboro, Vt.) 1834-1955, 1858-12-18

MEssEs ALLEN & PRATT, of this village, pre-
pairing very superior article of trpe, which can be
purchased at H. Hastings and at Hadey's, 1t is in
intely ahead of that usually sold here but prepared
in the cities. 1t is clean, sweet and digestibe rs we
testify after full aud cmincntly satisfactory trial
Vermont phÅ“nix. [volume] (Brattleboro, Vt.) 1834-1955, 1858-12-18

fftists
"Taking the Neil.n L SER
Air-Convent Bells.
2. Dante aud Beatrice. AIRY Sche1er
3. Bertrand and Family. J.. q. Mead, Jr.
Air-"IIard Timcs.n
1. Sources u Prosperity. H. Biin,s
"ltelgion,'' "commerce' and "AFricul,urc."
8. Ruth and Boar. Over,eck.
SO not CLEAN in another field, neither 60 hence,
but abide here fast by my maidens."
G. The Lodging House. Wilke.
"There g nae luck about the house
When GOO man s AVA
:. Katharine and Petruchio G. Il. Leslie. X. A.
"Why what o devils tailor cali'st tlou this"
Tanning Of the shrew.l
S. Iekiel and lluliah Hoppin.
Ezekiel crept up quite unbcknown
An peehed in thru the winlcr
And there sat Iluh!ah alone
With nigh to hinder -
Music-"My Mary Ann"
Q. lIusNing 'The Rcd Ear" W. g. M,uft
10. Irish Conrtship. Edwar s.
Air-"Young Rory oMoore courtel Catllcen Bawu"
IL. Retreat from Moscow Horace Verict.
~ laid my brave the cold snow and cried"
'Nve la France"
Il. David Copperheh appearing to his Aunt
Air--",Iy lodging on the cold ground"
Is. Group from the Pioneers. Weir.
"stoop little lower gal your bonnet hides the critters
head"
II Preparing Moses for the Fair u. Macli,c
from Vicar Of Wakefield.
Air-''Oh dear what the matter he"
Is, Amy Robsari and Janet. Volt
10. Mal Of saragossa. Delaroche.
Vermont phÅ“nix. [volume] (Brattleboro, Vt.) 1834-1955, 1858-12-18

Coin WEATHER.-On Friday morning of last week
the thermometers in this village indicated five degrees
below zero. At Island Pond the same morning the
mercury fell to llS below.