The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1858-04-06

very Indifferent success. Three ports of that en-
pire, Hakodadi, Simoda and Nangasaki were open
10 the flag of four Christian nations-the United
States, England, Russia and the Netherlanis-but
they open only ports of refuge and for sup
plying provisions. Commerce renamed as IN past
times, limited to the Chinese and Dutch.
Nothing was more miserable than tina privileged
commerce of the Dutch, apart from all regard 70 the
vexatious conditions to which it was subjected.
Some articles importe for the of the Emperor
ard the grandees and Gas return freight copper to
the maximum Of 375 coo klogrammes, with small
quantity of campbor and q number OF morning
gOwns--such was the kampshandel or tariff OF the
government. The traffic in some other articles to
the amount of a little over one hundred thousand
francs was for long time rented under the denomi-
nation Of kambanghandel.
The Dutch government was endeavorng az much
az possible to enlarge the circle of ts relations.
The lease of the lessee OF the kambanghandel was
bought off, and trade privileges permitted to private
individuals, whose first operations to have been
profitable. New patterns OF return articles were
sent to Batavia, and an authorization To European
tissues was obtained from the Japanese government
But still this was nothing. The unequvocal dis
positions OF portion of tho inhabitants awakened
the hope that the throwing open of Japan To general
commerce was not far off, and from that moment the
Netherlands government tried with redoubed act-
witty to attain this end ibe means it employed
praiseworthy; it was by benefits and prominent
vices that it endeavored to gain the favor OF the
government and the inhabitants. A scientific library
and a collection of model instruments were esta-
tlisbed at Desima; learned Dutchman delivered lee
lures on chemistry and mechanics; Dutch engineer
was charged with instructing them in the
best modes of working mines; the Emperor
was offered a steamboat, and this present was
accepted with enthusiasm. What the Japa-
nese government had most desired to possess
a war navy Oh European footing The Cabinet of
the Hague, without blindly according whatever it
was asked for, nevertheless deemed itself bound to
accede to desire which was legitimate in ITSELF At
moment when the relations Of Japan with the TO
reign countries became active il thought that
it would not be friendly to refuse it the means of de-
Tending, If necessary, its independence. Therefore
1t permitted that the Dutch wharves three screw
schooners should be constructed for the Japanese
navy and charged detachment OF marines to direct
the education of native crew-an undertaking
which, according to the last news, had been crowned
with complete success.
The price hoped for all those services was the set
ting trade free. Fifteen additional articles joined
to the defntive treaty, which in 1856 had re-
placed former convention, were proposed by
the Dutch Commissioner to The authorities Of
Nangasak These articles prove at the same time the
humiating situation to which for 80 long time the
Hollanders had submitted, and the deep change eff
!ected by the course of events. They in particular
slip, lated the admission Of women and children into
the ports open 10 commerce. the free exercise of the
Christian religion the abolshng OF the odious prac-
tlce OF trampling under foot the image of Christ,
a facility of selling to and buying from the mer-
chants OF the country, and lastly the extension to
foreign nations which had entered or would enter into
treaties with Japan Of all the rights accorded to the
Netherlands government.
The manner in which those liberal propositions
were a. first received the delays the shiftngs which
were sorted to, betrayed all hopes of the Dutch
government. Under the impression Of this defeat
il had last year decided not to abruptly change its
policy, but to show less compacency and not to &C.
cede to different demands of war munitions and
other articles ts the defence of the country
until the court OF Yeddo should show signs of bet
ter sentiments. Now we know that that court was
making It's last resistance and was near yielding.
The following is the account of what happened:-
The fifteen additional articles gave place to forty
other articles under date of October &C. 1857, which
organize the new system Of relations to which Japan
has consented. Commerce is permitted in the two
ports OF Nangasaki and Hakodadi. The tonnage
duties on vessels, the import duties merchandise
duties fixed at IS per cent, adj Udlorens--the mode
OF sale OF and payment for said merchandise, and
all ormalities consequent on the Superintendent of
commerce, are specified in detail. More than one re-
strction still subsists Thus the importation opium
is prohibited also the expectation of the specie of
the country the Japanese government reserves to it.
self in certain cases the prohibition Of expectation of
provisions and even without giving any reason, that
of wax and paper; it retains monopoly of the eX-
port of different products, especially Of copper.
But, IN word, a decisive result has been obtained,
which cannot but extend in the course Of time.
After the additional articles there follow special
declarations still more important. One of them ad-
mts women and children into the ports open to
commerce; another aboshes the practice of tramp
ling under foot the image of Christ. The most re-
msrkable Of all Of them + couched in these terms:-
1.-The Japanese government is ready TO conclude
similar treaties with all civilized nations including
Portugal" II is known that it was the religious
zeal Of the Portuguese missionaries which, two
turtles ago, provoked the exclusion of all Europeans
with the exception Of the Dutch.
A short time before these concessions had been
made to the Netherlands, and through them TO the
whole world, the Consul Of the United States at ST.
moda had concluded Tin June IL, 1850 new trea
ty, the text Of which was published by the American
newspapers. The new facilities stipulated for by
- l..s
son with those for which we are indebted TO Dutch
diplomacy.
Without being ungratefu to the latter the honor
OF them IT, perhaps not 10 be exclusively attributed
Chinese sea was, perhaps, not without an influence
on the decision Of the Court Of Yeddo. However
that may be, the capture Of Canton and its colse-
quences will surely confirm tbs decision.
The Collins Limo ~ Steamships icnsi.nd's
Claim OF supremacy ON the Ocean.
From tho london Chronicle, March ii.
Tho announcement Of the Postmaster General day or
two snce that the United States packets Collins ne had
For so an s amsr e s casd BY
British steamers (Cunards). The Americans then thought
they could build mail packets - we'll az Englshmen they
accordingly started Sands limo between New York and
Southampton These vessels surpassed In speed
and slze BY ships built By cunard IN 1850 Collins
opposition 10 Cunsrd He has built in the whole five
shrs at expense Of two Of these the Arctic
ana racic worth eco goo were lost Seen after use
York and Southampton. The first two ships, the
Humboldt and Franklin were lost Cunard ss-
tablshed mail weekly Communication with America,
and the three United States lines established another
weekly communication, thus making the arrival and de-
parture OF . mall between England and America semi
weekly. SANDS, Collins and Livingstons packets were
heavily sutsdsed by the American government Collins
reduced the passage between New York and Liverpool 10
less than ten days Cupard has built eight shiEs since
$780, only Of which, the Persia, beaten those Of
his great rivals in speed and this superiority Is only
the eastern passage Horses said run faster return
this would appear 70 be the case with steamships. The
Fnglh mail packets fastest from Now York 10 Liver
POOL and The Yankee steamers beat the Brshcrs from
Liverpool 10 New York. Sands line ten years, and
last year the subsidy withdravn-the ships were
found TO be out for seamng and they ceased
running They earned Eve per cent dividend during the
years CT their career, but nothing previously
Collins line bas paid simple interest 70 the stock
holders The only lire now properly subsidized by the
American government Ivingsons, aud the subsidy 70
this will shortly be discontinued When II was first
started paid per cent dividend, but this was soon