New-York daily tribune., 1858-03-17

.he Government: 20 the Supreme Cour. Of the United
States And !. "a worthy Of remark % both OF tue
tribunals, from whose decisions appeals were taUs
taken were pre.ded over by men whose ability, learn
1g and honesty were no: denied. Mos: Of these suits
are still undecided, the claimants have been put 70
expenses unexamp!ed in other lands, and, in many
cases greater the vslue of their land they have
been KEEP. II uncertainty for sX or seven years they
have been unable 70 sell Their land during the most
prosperous pecunIary Of the country; while un-
ate 10 -.D, they have sti!l been compelled 10 pay
euoruous taxes; and while compelled 70 pay taxes
,ber and was taken away from them by sqastters,
VITO we're moi pGnsled Or discouraged by the state,
bu. actually pro'ected' BY laws passed for the.r
especial benefit. This perse ,uton of large class 81
unofending property holders-a persecution without
a parallel in Chrs, an lands IN this age-~lu be a. an
end in coupe Of years.
Bu, the settlement; Of the land tales IN the agrcul-
,1rsl Districts will s:ll leave the mining COUNTIES
which in extent are nearly one hali, and IN p'Pua.I9n
sre more than half me S.s'e-In an unsettled condl-
ton Congress bsA Pre- yded that some OF the mine.
raj lard IN California saaN be subject 20 preempton
or ale snd the United States SUryeyoE-General mas
instructed his deputies that they must not run Inc
within five miles ot soy pace where goId-nhe's are
az work.
Iven,ure 10 ssser. ,ha. long .he inhabitants OF
the nnirg districts OF California have no Title 70 me
land other than ths; OF mere present occupation ana
working for mining purposes, )ust 80 long VIA 'ne
evils which | have mentioned continue to prevai
there and Just the lands are sold gahteu
in fee 10 their aqua pOssesso1s Will those eVs usap
pear snd society IN the n nes will take raiK ol So
bihty and healthy mora tone T;h ths' oi any o'H''
community. ,-a
tisa necessary conseC uence Of the want OF secure
lsr tes in the mining districts that the nnaoitah
.hould be unsettled. There Is nothing 10 lih then
any ore plsce while many motives mpel them 70 re
quept removals and the result Is that consde5 aoe
portion Of the mining population ls tEly nouauc ~
character. Most of them have poor Claims or Ione
a. all and they ensc: avs, or estaohsh CUSTOMS na
NC tie force Of laws, that 81 clsms shSi DC shaIi
49, fact
claims are worked out in month or two, or 81 most 10
a year or two and then the miner must 20. felnaps
lie viii find his ne1t aim within zen nAIeS PeIn"ps
not within ffty. When he gets a claim he may no' oe
able 10 work il ou: he mus, not only occupy nis
claim but must also work Z. II he sbsents hiinsei'
from il more than three days during the season IN
which il can be worked for other cause than Sickness
il becomes forei. 10 whoeve. Will seize H. In 10 case
can he who mines N the river beds, banks, hats Or
euches consider hs claim home for lie; IN one case
out of thousand il may employ him tor ten years.
Quartz ard tunnel claims are more lastng, ana msny
Of the m will not be exhausted IN htetlmei Dut the
miners employed n these are sihaI proportion VI ''e
total number.
The miner is not only not tied 20 bis claim by
ownership the hope of long employment and laSt-
ing profit. but ne II constantly tempted oy o'her
tracts which are open him without price. lie may
consider himsel! OF al. the Unoccupled land 10
the country. lie take and any OF It. No one
has better ti:le than be. Every unOceupled gully,
fiat hillside, river bar, rver bank, and quart VEN
take pleasure walk Sunday morning without
seeing place which invites him to come there
aid settle, to desert his old home and make new
one. And when there is nothing to protect him
sgsins. suck temptations his belief in the SUI
p.rior mineral wealth OF his first location, that be-
| lie, may often be chsnged by very brief examna-
tSn OF the pace. He has no title TO the spot
where he dwels DO substantial improvements no
property OF any kid euch he carry his
back a. one load
Inc farmer who lives in the mining districts is of
steady, because longer time elspses be-
fore ne obtain ally return for his labor and he IL
| compelled TO make some improvements such as
feI ces ditches &c which have more or less per-
manent value and serve 10 endear the land to him.
But he has mo- the pfu title OF present occu-
patton and working, for gpd be found IN ms iaIn
fields, wash away his garden and undermine bis
orchard, and ne mus. look on unable to obtain any
redress, unless it De payment for the value of the
growing crops, II there be any on the land at the
time.
The world never saw such people of travellers a,
| me Caoinians. There are now, at my estimate
about $4,000 white inhabitants in the State, anC
more than l15, 600 have gone " home during the lss
eight years, four-titns of them never to return No
| obe-fouIth-probably not one-eighth-of the miner
of lS49 in the state, and IL would be diff
cult and perhaps impossible task, TO find any Csli
fornGn mining town one-ffh of whose population ha
| been permanent there since lS0O
In regard to the leaving California, it must in
aness be stated that many OF them are actuated by
u
is much cheaper for them 10 go 10 NewYork than to
have their families come 10 San Francisco; and there
where the families would make very great
objection, even overlooking the cost Of passage,
against moving 10 iand far from all their relatives.
But the other hand it must be considered also that
all he who leave the State do So seeil and ac-
knowledgng before they that in climate, mineral
the profits of labor and trade, the
Prise, intelligence and generosity Of the people, the
pdependen: spirit os the poor, the democratic spirit
Of the rich, and :ne frank irendness of all Calfor-
MS s ar superior 20 any other part Of the American
Union. such al scknowledg gment coming from men
leaving State with which many ef the interest
ing associations OF their lives connected implies
great evil somewhere. Although some OF them 90
:. home because they cannot bring :her families 20
California, yet his Is not .he fact in fourth of the
cases hey go because they do not wish 70 live here
because they will not live here.
Another evil effect o: the want OF secure land titles
and the consequent unsettled character Of the popua
tl0p, ID the want Of good houses and substantial i'm
pTCyements o. all kinds. The dwellings throughout
the ines are, a. class. mere hOyes, in the old
es and most thlcky settled districts. In the towns
IL recessary 10 have some substantial stores pro-
lection 20 the valuable goods KEEP, them, but with
these exceptions, and lew residences OF persons Of
wealth or refinement, even nominal " cities are col
eCJts OF shdnues, scattered about with little regard
TO orcer and ted up with little provision for comfort
he wandering character Of the population, and the
want OF permanent and comfortable homes, render
the mines sr I!tabe place of residence for families
There sle few NOneu N the mines, ard Of these tew
S cor rsicerabl. share neither maids, wives nor
widows The general prop )itlOn OF adult 20 adu,
women, througLOl: the mining districts, is probably
no. ess than one and 70 married women eight
10 one. The editor O: Tie P!acerrius american
guessed { couple of moths since, thu. there were
seven men 70 )ne woman in FL Dorado, the Oldest
mining county IN the STATE, he essies; Of GEES from
San FrdL,lscO end Sacramento, with a railway run
ming II m the latter ,iy 10 ts border. happen TO
have Just now before leter written from Empire
Ranche. mining village IN Yuba County twenty
niles from Mary-ylle. The writer says the entire
population Of e place 800, with 100 voters and 70