davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Orleans independent standard. [volume] (Irasburgh, Vt.) 1856-1871, 1858-06-25
A TERRIBLE FOE.

Banker, in his work on Ceylon, states
that on one occasion he came across an
enormous serpent which lay in his path.
His head was about the size of a very
small cocoa-nut, divided lengthways, and
this was raised to about eighteen inches
above the coil. His eyes were fixed
upon US, and the forked tongue played
in and out of his mouth with a terrible
hiss. Aiming at his head, fired at him
with a double barrelled gun, and
blew his head to pieces. He appeared
stone dead but, upon pulling him by the
tail, to stretch him out, he writhed him
self into conyulsive coils, and, lashiEg
himself out at full length, moved down
the grass in all directions. This obliged
me to stand clear, for his blows were ter
rife, and the thickest part Of his body
was as thick as a mans thigh. Cutting
some sharp-pointed stakes, pinned hi:
tail to the ground with my hunting knife
and thrusting the pointed stake into th,
hole, I drove it deeply into the grount
with the bUtt-end Of my rife. The DO.
r made some objections to this, and agai
commenced his former muscular contoI
lions. waited till they were over, an
having provided myself with some toug
e jungle rope, Ga species Of creepers,)
once more approached him, and, pinnin
= his throat to the ground, l tied the ror
b through the iacisions, and the united e2
a ertions of myself and three men haule
him out peri c,Iy straight. l then droy
: q stake through his throat, and Pinnc
r. him out. lie was fifteen feet in lengt
r and it required our united strength
tear off his skin, which shone with V
V riety Of passing colors. Ga loosenir
5. his hide he tore away from the stake
: and, although his head was shivered
e atoms, and he had lost three feet of b
/. neck by the ball having cut through tn
It part, which separated in tearing off ii
!. skin, still he dashed and writhed in frigE
Is full commissions, continuing till I left hi
d bearing his hide as my trophy.
Orleans independent standard. [volume] (Irasburgh, Vt.) 1856-1871, 1858-06-25
TRIALS OF THE PREACHER

If the clergy are to be justly blamed
for not seeing the people, more do the
laity err in supposing that their position
is mere sinecure, and that they have
little to do. We might inquire very
earnestly, whether that be not enough to
tax the heart and hands of a fraiI man,
which is almost too much for angels
powers? But we will pass this by; what
is called hcad-work" in common Ian
guage is appreciated only by few
Some people think that the haEds and
arms only work, and that there is no
such thing as sweat of the brain. They
suppose that reaping field is far more
laborious than writing sermon; and the
more clearly and simply is the theme de-
duced, the more they think they could
do like it. 1t is no more than just that
these ignoramuses should be put right in
that particular. Men do not speak like
prophets nowadays, from immediate in
SEPARATION, but God exacts the labor o.
the head as well as Of the hands. Ev
cry sacred theme which is handled from
the pulpit ought to be the result of in
tense study. And what a continue
stretching of the mind, and struggle 70
The ingenuity, from month 10 month, an,
from year to year, TO set forth the trutl
with such force, viyidness, and variety
as to make the people listen, for the bes
of men will find dull and listless nearer
if he repeats himself from day to day
Because he is q good man, that IS no rea
son why his audience should not have
doze, If they cannot help it. There ar
other anodynes besides peoples. Loo
around on a Sunday. Some of the
eyes are like dead mems eyes, With
penny on them. There are two classt
in church, consisting, Isl, OF those awake
2d,-we regret to say it-of those WI
are comfortably asleep. The first cla
is subject 10 another division; Of tho,
who are serious and attentive, and
oihrr- whose imagination is extreme
Orleans independent standard. [volume] (Irasburgh, Vt.) 1856-1871, 1858-06-25

active. They imagine themselves out Of
church. Some are bargaining for a
farm, and some engaged in the purchase
of stocks; and to Judge from their eyes,
which have an inverted look, they are
dealing with those who are match for
them" The object of preaching Is to
bring the souls of these men back and
put them into their bodies again and as
to the dormant set, to rouse them up as
if by thunder and lightning, and so lay
the matter before them, that they shall
not think it safe to get asleep. As tc
those who are attentive, the main objec
/ is to keep them so.
Orleans independent standard. [volume] (Irasburgh, Vt.) 1856-1871, 1858-06-25

HABTTs OF GRAssHoPPERs.-A Co.
lad correspondent Of the Colorado TEX
as) Citizen gives some curious facts in
relation to the grasshoppers which have
recently swarmed in that region. He
says -
They have an especial fOndness for
wheat and cotton, but don't take so kind
ly to corn. The only vegetable they
spare is the pumpkin. The most deadly
pOisons have had no effect upon them
fumes of sulphur they rather like than
otherwise musquito nets they devour
greedily; clothes hung out to dry they
esteem rarity; blankets and gunnybags
they don't appear to fancy. They swim
the broadest creeks in safety, sun them
selves awhile, and then go on. The
whole mass appear to start and move at
the same time, travelling for an hour OF
two, devouring everything in their way
and then suddenly cease, and not move
perhaps for week, during which time
no feeding is noticed; and finally, they
carefully avoid the sea-coast."
Orleans independent standard. [volume] (Irasburgh, Vt.) 1856-1871, 1858-06-25

THE UPAs TREE.-The story that
the Upas tree of java exhales poisonous
aroma, the breathing of which causes
death, is now known to be false. The
tree itself secretes a juice which is dead
" poison, but its aroma or odor is harm
less. Strychnine is made from the seeds
Of species Of Upas tree. The story
that there is poisonous valley is true
Such is the name of a district, the at
mOsphere of which produces death
/ This effect is not occasioned by the Upas
tree, but by an extinct volcano near Ba-
tar, called Gueva Upas. From the old
crater and the adjoining valley Is exhaled
carbonic acid gas, such as often extin-
guishes life in this country, in old wells
and foul places. This deadly atmosphere
kills every created thing which come;
within its range; birds, beasts. and ever
men,-and the valley is covered will
skeletons. By a confusion of names
the poisonous effects of this deadly VALLEY
have been ascribed to the Upas tree, til,
juice Of which is poisonous.
Orleans independent standard. [volume] (Irasburgh, Vt.) 1856-1871, 1858-06-25
LIFE IN SIBERIA.

RUSSIAN CARD PLATING.-Even the
fair sex in Ekateriueburg pass much OF
their time in card playing. 1 am ac-
quainted with one family where there are
no less than eleven children; there is not
a day in the year during which their
mother spends less than five or six hours
at cards, unless prevented by sickness
and when she once sits down 10 the card
table, husband, children, and all are for
COTTON. know another lady here, the
principal business Of whose life is card
playing. She has a moderate income,
and passes her days and most Of her
nights at cards. She has her daily
rounds, and goes with as much exactness
TO her harnts as the most punctual mer-
chant TO his office. Ten o'clock in the
morning is her hour Of business. The
tables are opened and the cards placed.
II no one calls before this hour, she goes
forth to her usual occupation, and seeks
some one among her friends who will sit
down and play, if only for an hour
The game over at one place, she goes to
another. till she finds some one who will
indulge her in a second rubber, and so
the time passes until dinner. After din
ner she sleeps a couple of hours, and
wakes quite fresh for her iayorite pur-
suit. In the evening she has no diff
Guilty, for many are willing to play
Thus the time is spent until late hour.
At one Of the large mining towns in
the Altai, there lives a man who has be-
come rich from gold mines, and is a cele-
brated card player. Il is no unusual
circumstance for him to visit St. Peters
burch; and as Ekaterneburg is abou
midway between the capital and his place
of residence, he is sometimes obliged {,
stop on the way to repair carriages, atte
q run of more than 1000 versts-ir
fact, it is often absolutely necessary
This mans fame having spread far an
wide. his detention in the town for tn
first time was an event which aforde
the lady l have just alluded to the u
most delight; she could not permit sue
an opportunity to pass without trying
rubber with such a renowned champion
At her particular request, friend a
ranged that they should meet at Dime
She has been heard to say no hours eve
dragged on so slowly as en- that forenoon
still. the sun ran his course, and direct
dinner was over down they sat to card
The evening went on with varied SUI
cess; the lady was enraptured, and 70;
from the table the winner Of large sun
She invited her opponent to play the mel
day after some demur, he consente
and the following day the contest WI
renewed. and continued until she hi
lost all. Nothing daunted, she urge
him again to defer his journey four-an
twenty hours, as her half years incon
would arrive by the post the iollowil
morning. But then came a Difficult
about getting the money at once,
there was some formality which wor
delay it a day or two. After sol
trouble she persuaded the person to whC
it was consigned, TO waive the us'
form, and let her have the money INN
diately. She got it, and so strong v
her ruling passion, that every mom
seemed lost until seated al the card tai
In few hours she left it without koT
her half Yeas income entirely gor
Orleans independent standard. [volume] (Irasburgh, Vt.) 1856-1871, 1858-06-25
DIR. L AN GLEY'S

Composed Of SarsdpariHa, WIl2 Cherry, Yell0a1
Dock, Pyickley Dish TForoughocort Rhubdrb Nam
drake, DaHdeFon, 6c.,-aR Of arkich are so COM
pounded as to act IN concert and assist Nature IN
eradicating disease.
The effects of this medicine is most wonderful
-itacts directly upon the bowels and blood, by
removing all distractions from the internal or
gans, stimulating them into healthy action, rem
ovating the fountains fife and vigor, purifying
the blood, cleansing it from all humors, and causi
ing it to course anew through every part of the
body. They cure aud eradicate from the Syst
TEN Liver Complaints-that main wheel of so
many diseases-Jaundice in its worst forms, all
/ Bilious diseases and foul Stomach, Dyspepsia,
! Costiveness, Humors of the Blood and Skin, In
| digestion, Headache, Dizziness, Piles, Heartburn
/ Weakness, Pain in the Side and Bowels, Flatlu>
/ lency, Loss of Appetite and all kindred COM
| plGints caused by a torpid or diseased Liver, g
| dsordered Stomach Or bad Blood, to which al
are more or less subjectin Spring and Summer
If taken in large doses, Fever and Ague may
be broken up and cured at once. This has be-
come a standard medicine, and is decidedly the
best the world ever saw.
Only 25 cents for pint, and 81 liz cents TO
| & large bottle.
Sod by all medicine dealers everywhere. Or
ders should be addressed to J. o. LANGLEY
Proprietor, II Marshall ST., Boston, Mass. 10m
Orleans independent standard. [volume] (Irasburgh, Vt.) 1856-1871, 1858-06-25

"a 1t was Goblet who said-and he
told the truth, too,-that woman is never
so amiable as when she is useful, and.as
for beauty, though man may fall in love
with girls at play, there is nothing to
make them stand in their love like seeing
them at work, engaged in the useful Of
fees Of the home and family.
Orleans independent standard. [volume] (Irasburgh, Vt.) 1856-1871, 1858-06-25

ES7 Maria Villette died last week at
Monroe, Mich, aged 112 years. She
made her will in 1892, and the last of
the persons to whom she bequeathed her
property died 10 1916.
Orleans independent standard. [volume] (Irasburgh, Vt.) 1856-1871, 1858-06-25

me have One Hundren Thousand good Sap
w and Hart Single for sale.
A few more Of those Superior Cooking Stoves
left, which VIII be sold at cost and freight.
VIII be found at WALWORTH & VESTS
all Wool Carpeting. at 55cts. per. ward
Orleans independent standard. [volume] (Irasburgh, Vt.) 1856-1871, 1858-06-25
Newbury Seminary
AND
FEMALE COLLEGIATE lysTIrB
Charles II. Cushing, 4. l., IIlllIB

Charles VI. Gushing, A, d. Pftl'''
EACILITIES.-Terrns long en019l, . i r.,
q plish ordinary Text Books a0rCpg9as, q, 4.
ty Of experienced teachers-trenca !! .r e.i5
Gated Frenchman; Painting by an -g 3.I-.ss.
Artist. Piano, Organ, and vocal nlu'' n.y., Y, =.
ers who rank among the best-sfol5 N'
religious influences. Il. rr!+
FALL TERM q fourteen "''A
gin August II, 1865. -. q1ts
gin December 5, 1857. --.ss, RI
begin March 4, 1858. 80. and rls
BoARD-inciuding furnished room 'l-
ing per week, $500. .:.r.ior, 81
Tuition reasonable as in ms
grade. A., p,a,1g-.
For more particulars address D''' g
Newbury, Oct. 20, 1857.
Orleans independent standard. [volume] (Irasburgh, Vt.) 1856-1871, 1858-06-25

Has been before the public more than. ~ year
and is deservedly popular:
Extract Of a Letter from Messers. DeaDey q Co.,
dated HtnoUer N. r., January %, 1855.
The Medicine &c. OILY is all sold but four bot
ties, and gives great satisfaction We frequent
ton flour best Physicians, and there Is no mis-
take but what it is efficient.
From z. e. Parker, BuckspOrt, Me-, December
%, 1856.
I have sold large number of bottles Of your
Gargling Oil to be used in the cure of Rheuma
tisn1, and have not known it to fail in any one
case. There is a great call, and sales increase.
Extract of a Letter from p. D. richardson, dated
Hartland, IT,, Sept 16, 1856.
would like another invoice Of your Gargling
OIL So far as l am able to learn, it has the re-
putation of first rate Liniment
From Mr. NJ f. Smith, WTlEiamstoaoa, Mass.
The Gargling Oil gives great satisfaction here
From " s. Tyler, Nor7oich, Conn, NoU. %, 1856.
The Gargling Oil has given very general sat
isfaction in this place.
Caution to Purchasers of Gargling Oil.
The only genuine has &C. W. Merchant, Lock-
port n. Y.' blown in each bottle, and also has
/ his signature over the cork.
| Gy-Pamphlets gratujtously furnished by agents
with Testimonials of its utility.
All orders addressed to the proprietors, NJ. B.
! TUCKER, 4 Co., Lockport, n. 7.
O-For sale by Druggists and Merchants gen
orally, through the United States and British Pos
sessions, and other Countries. And by R. W
Nye Irasburgh; and by an agent in every town
in the State and vicinity. Wholesale in Boston
by Weeks & Patten, and Burr, Foster & Co, as
also at all large commercial towns. 40
Orleans independent standard. [volume] (Irasburgh, Vt.) 1856-1871, 1858-06-25
Clothin&s

DEADY MADE CLOTHING.-At Wortbing.
III toms can be found large quantity Of BOYS
and Mems Clothing.
Dec. 15 1856.
Orleans independent standard. [volume] (Irasburgh, Vt.) 1856-1871, 1858-06-25
TT q a So
OoTe e.

GONE of that best old government java Coffee
- can be found at Worthineton's. Also some Of
the so called Java NOT so COON
Dec. 16, 1856.
Orleans independent standard. [volume] (Irasburgh, Vt.) 1856-1871, 1858-06-25

I AIDES can find shoes or CATERS of every de
II scription at W0RTHINGTON'S
Orleans independent standard. [volume] (Irasburgh, Vt.) 1856-1871, 1858-06-25
S 90

Price 81 per Bottle, or Sic for $, Dslvl
any Address,
Accompanied by reliable and responsb.
tifcates from Professors of Medical Caa
Clergymen and others.
Prepared and sold by H. T. HELMB0LD
Practical and Anahfccl u
No. % South Tenth St., below Chestnut. a
bly, Buildings, Pha.
70 T0behad Of COLLINS 6 PIERCE
pelieT, w., General Wholesale AysRb. a u
Druggists and Dealers tkrOUgh0a as tAs
States, Canadas and British Pr0UiRa
BEWARE OF COUNTE8EEIB
Ask for Helmbold's-Take MVl.
CURES GUARANTEE, v
Orleans independent standard. [volume] (Irasburgh, Vt.) 1856-1871, 1858-06-25
FLOUR 2

THE subscriber has constantly on hand extra
l -four manufactured from the best Canada
wheat, better article than can be found in this
market. GEO WoRTHINGToN JR. & Co,
Dec. Is 1856
Orleans independent standard. [volume] (Irasburgh, Vt.) 1856-1871, 1858-06-25

1t is a well known and incontrovertable fact
that the use of Tobacco is the promoting cause
of many of the most severe
MENTAL g. PHYSICAL DISORDERS
to which The race of man is subject, as careful
analysis and long and painful experience have
clearly proven that it contains certain narcotic
and poisonous properties most dangerous in their
effects, which by entering into the blood derange
the functions and operations of the Heart, Gauss
ing many to suppose that organ to be seriously
diseased.
TOBACCO affects also the entire nervous sysl
tenn, manifesting itself-as all who have ever
used the noxious weed will bear testimony-in
Lassitude, Nervous Irratibility, Water Brash,
! Dyspepsia, and many other disorders of similar
| character.
The Taste Restorative Troches
| Are designed to counteract these baneful infu>
/ ences and have proved completely successful in
multitude of cases, and wherever used. Being
| harmless in themselves they exert a beneficial
which has become vitiated or destroyed by great
/ indulgence, completely removing the irritation
and accompanying tickling sensation of the
Throat-which are always consequent upon alb
staining from the use Of Tobacco, and by giving
a healthy tone to the Stomach, invigorate the
| whole system.
Persons who are irretrievabIy undermining
their constitutions and shortening their lives
should use these Troches Immediately and throw
offthe injurious and unpleasant habit of Tobacco
Chewing.
These Troches or Lozenges are put up in
convenient and portable form at the low price o
50 Cents per Box. A liberal discount to the
trade.
Prepared solely by the undersigned to whom
all orders should be addressed
JAMES E. BOWERS, Druggist.
l2y1 Cor. I'd and Race SIS, Philada.
Orleans independent standard. [volume] (Irasburgh, Vt.) 1856-1871, 1858-06-25
Medicine for the PeOp u

TNHE subscriber has received !la N ne s,
4 ment Of Patent Medicines ". Issr .-asss
C. C. Kellam-the Agency ha l i Fs1t .
red. A full supply willhereai'sl u
at my store. Y. NJ
Sept. %, 1860
Orleans independent standard. [volume] (Irasburgh, Vt.) 1856-1871, 1858-06-25
GANTT

. h n
DEsT BOOTS and ...S Sa .a5i az ie55.
best ofLeatheT ana ' ! DA9D
March IL, ls5s.
Orleans independent standard. [volume] (Irasburgh, Vt.) 1856-1871, 1858-06-25

| W. l. GOODS { GROCERIES.
Consisting in part as follows, viz:
EN Chests of Young Hyson Tea extra flavor,
0O Chests Young Hyson, Fine,
25 Chests Extra olons'
I25OO Do Domingo ra SG Coffee,
EN bbls. Sugar, various grades and qualities,
Or Boxes oavendish Tobacco
OK Boxes do. Knickerbooker, very superior
go article.
In Boxes do Sheep
200 Boxes ground Spices
25 Boxes Pearl Starch
30 Boxes Cream Tartar
so Boxes and Casks S'i'''t'''
100 Whole and half Boxes R'i'n''
100 Boxes Extra and No. l Soap
> 90 Boxes P D Pipes
200 Fsams Wrapping Paper
10 Pie'0e' Rice
3 Oh Casks Super COrb Soda,
SO Dozen 8'o0n''
300 Kegs Nails assorted Sizes
0R Dozen Cast Steel shOvels,
j, 20 Barrels Burning Fluid
, az Barrels Extra Winter, Lard and "ha
20 Oil,
az Barrels Molasses and Sirups,
29e
Orleans independent standard. [volume] (Irasburgh, Vt.) 1856-1871, 1858-06-25
INDIAN DOCTORS.

G. G. & P. B. RICHARDS.
Natires Of the Grand Oaara Tribe:
EEAVF located in Irasburgh, Vermont, their of
Z fee in the building, occupied by Mr.. s.
STANFORD as a Harness Shop where they
can be consulted by all VINO are afflicted with
Acute, chronic, or 0bdurate Diseases.
The Doctors. in a6 dition to regular education
in the Healing Art, have had extensive expert,
ence and unbounded observation IN practice, and
have spent all their time in their profession
The Doctors Father was native OF the forest;
| he passed many years among his pc ople, and
| was perfectly familiar with their language as
spoken by the numerous tribes. (He had the
advantage of an English education,) He doubt
| less obtained more skill from the savage tribes
of the forest than was ever acquired by any 9TH
er physician. The wellsimproved opportunities
for imparting this hard earned knowledge (of
the aboriginal mode of treating Diseases) to ais
three eldest sons, has truly proved him public
lbenefactor as thousands have awaited themselves
of our remedies, have been freed from their pros
tracted suffeungs, and how rejoice in the enYla-
bic comforts of life and health. The precious
materials collected from the Vegetable Kingdom,
they have carefully compared with Nature
known laws, and established Theories in Patho>
logy and Therapeutics; and these bettered by
their own discoveries in Animal and Vegetable
Chemistry, have enabled them to perfect a sys~
tenn for the successful treatment of every cura-
BILE disease, such as Dyspepsia, Disease of the
Heart. Lungs. Liver and Kidneys, Cough ,Catarrh,
Bronchitis Asthma, Consumption, Scrotula,
Cancers, Erysipelas, Salt RheuIn, Seald Head
Venereal Diseases, all Eruptions of the Skin
Fits, Rheumatism, Dropsy, Neuralgia, Female
Weaknesses, ETC., are annually restored to per
feet health ana its attendant blessings by the
use ofthose roots and plants (gathered from the
hills and valleys that have long been the haunts
: of the Red NAM that the God Of Nature partic-
ularly designed for the effectual eradication o
every form of disease that aff1icts the human
race. The Doctors inheritin an eminent degree
the skill aud native talents that nave long dis
tinguished their ancestors, as their father anC
/ grandfather W ere celebrated medical men. Their
Svrups, Bitters, Balsams, Plasters, Salves, etc.
are invariably prepared under their own super
vision.
The Sick of both sexes are respectfully invit
ed to call and consult THE GENUINE INDIAl
: DOCTORS.
, The Doctors have remedies for the efectua
cure of Cancers, which have rendered them just
-, " celebrated among the pale faces. They war
, rant in all cases of Cancer.
NO CURE! NO PAY!
Irasburgh. Nov. II, 1857. 46:ly
Orleans independent standard. [volume] (Irasburgh, Vt.) 1856-1871, 1858-06-25
CONNECTICUT &PASsUMPsIC
Rivers Railroad Go.
- - ~ - : -
60 49, - 49, Z -
OPEN TO BARTON

LEAVE AT 9 A. NJ, ARRIVE AT Is 2. NJ.
FENRAINS leave Barton at o'clock A. NJ, dali
Z ly for all stations on the Passumpsic road,
for Concord, Manchester, Lawrence, Nashua,
Lowell, Boston and Worcester Windsor, Bellows
Falls, Springfield and New York, Montpelier and
Burlington. Mails daily from all of above pla-
ces, and the principle towns in New England, ar
irving at Barton at Is P. M.
GEO MERRILL, SUP'T.
St. Johnsbury, Feb. II, 1858. sm3
Orleans independent standard. [volume] (Irasburgh, Vt.) 1856-1871, 1858-06-25

who falsely boast liabilities and references q
zens know and avoid them, and save Ian, Z
fering, Money and Exposure, by sending q \ ],
ing for bottle Of this popular and SPEGS
REMEDY.
1t allays all pain and inflammation, isga+.-
pleasant in its taste and odor, but imnei,s
its action.
Orleans independent standard. [volume] (Irasburgh, Vt.) 1856-1871, 1858-06-25

lore lne Eyes, with Ieinn0ror,, -
of Sight; Want Of AttqGti~,r,t oaaQsio1 and b.,
Restlessness, with Horror ~ Z great MobiBty
ing is more desirable to sno Saoelsly, Moth,
Solitude, and nothing fbsr patients taan
for fear of themselves: NJ more dread
manner, no earnestness, no ' sI Of
ton, but hurried trap sS opeSaas
one question to anot tiUu IRON
These symptoms, if allowed IA a,
this medicine invariably removes y Oa-ubi,s
LOSS OF POWER, FACULTY az nSOg pnl9 ia's
TIC FITS-in one Of which the nate oia LfLlGR.
pire. Who can say that these e yT,Sa. ays-
followed by those direful diseases TS,1 4, @,
and CONSUMPTION The reco,l' N SAtAIl
SANE ASYLUMNS, and the meIs,eSg4 'aa n
by CONSUMPTION bear ample wtS,! asaa
truth of these assertions. In Lupa,iyo' az y
the most melancholy exhibition ann e
countenance is actually soiden and F Gs
tute-neither Mirth or Griefever yisit,Ss
a sound Of the voice occur, it is raralr,
"With woeful measures, wan 5ss>
Low sullen sounds his grief begu
Debility IS most terrible! and o..
thousands upon thousands to untirs,
thus blasting the ambition of many rsl,
1t can be cured by the use Of this
Orleans independent standard. [volume] (Irasburgh, Vt.) 1856-1871, 1858-06-25

1t is a well known and incontrovertable fact
that the use of Tobacco is the promoting cause