New-York daily tribune., 1858-02-22

COS, more for instance 70 make farm produce wheat
.han the wbea. will be or:h wheD grown, then pu.
whea. entirely ou. Of the question. But il il be profit
able TO grow wheat at ell here then Iet the land be
put in condition 10 grow Od crops 4 IT, whether the
cost Of the renovation be g per $50 IL may
not pay 20 grow good crop Of this or that grain in
certain district; but Il certainly rA pay 10 grow
poor one. Better grow good crop Of rye or white
beans than poor of wbea. or corn
9Th. But, says farmer, 81 have NO meaus TO
devote to fertzing my farm at the rate of 80 per
sell half Of IT, and devote The proceeds 10 ferthzing
the remainder" But have none too much land
now. Admit 1t; yet thirty acres, we'll iarlned and
in high condition, will yield more than hundred
slninks from cutting down bis acres TO his means,
sny fertize and I'll thoroughly whstever you I'LL at
all, and let the res. smply alone. Let some Of g,ow
wood, if will put low rbeep on another piece, and
keep down .he bushes without feeding l. too co-elyi
and if you only cultivate ten acre. thoroughly,
confne your labor 10 that hnit until you are able To
serve mole the same way. Most farmers seem pos
sessed with the notion that they must over their
entire farm at rate when were tar better 10
till part well than 10 half ill the whole One OF
these days mean 10 take time 10 write m1chneeded
essay on the art of letting land alone" There ls
nothing more needed by farmers Their iar pfohs
on their productive acres are half absorbed in runous
and half hearted tage OF fields which were iaf oe''eI
left entirely alone. II is bad enough TO pay 'axes on
Improbable acres il il TOO bad to squandet laooi
upon them. Drink deep or taste moi, IS the truo
rule. ,
But let us suppose that the owner oil & huhq'eu
acres wants to enter a course oi iinproVeneh'-ho"
and where is he TO begin! ..o
farm no matter how swampy. There IF your NINE oi
fertility-yOur bank Of unfaipg treasure Iet Dram
age-way from it, by some means, ana Des1n " oals
unck t3 your barn-yard and to prepare 1t Tor use on
vour fields without That trouble. dollar worm OF
lime and refIlse salt will, within years time convert
ten loads of marsh mud or swamp muck INTO excellent
manure Do not stop talk of the excellence OF or
Lac, I'd mai
tim. more with it. Begin at once to ditch your Wet
test ,amp, drain your pond, or cart out the mud
from your ravine The first business OF good farmer
is TO treble his supply Of manure And while believe
good land is worth buying, even at its present
high price and know that Lime, Ashes, Plaster,
Bones Charcoal Dust, &c, &c, are almost every
where needed, insist that the basis OF farm improve
men: is good system of
UyDERDRAISING.-I am not here to urge you to
underdran your hl-sdes nor any portion of your
lands which you say are already dry enough" Ny
deliberate Judgment is that all IaHds |h'ch are i'0Tth
pong tw Mich is not the case with all lands that are
ploweO) rOuld be impr0ucd by draining; but know
that our farmers neither able ready to drain to
that extent nor do insist that 1t would pay while
land is cheap and labor and tile 80 dear as at pres
tnt. Ultimately believe shall tile-drain nearly
all our level or moderately sloping lands that are
worth cultivation. But let US begin first with our
swsmps and swaes, and bogs and marshes, and as
we draw Of large portions of their vegetable deposits
to enrich uplands, let us traverse them at inter
walls Of three Dr four rods with covered drains as
nearly four feet deep as carry the water away
from bem-thus rendering them ( he most productive,
as they the richest, portions OF cur farms.
cannot, in this address, point out half the advant-
ages 10 be derived from systematic Undertaking.
Briefly it and sweetens the SOIL 50 long sourcd
and poisoned by stagnant water. Evaporation IL
always a cooling process; the water is borne away
in bubbles vapOr formed through the loss or re-
mOval Of heat. An underdrained field will be eome
degrees than uDdrained one, and will rpen
it's harvest accordingly But draining is preventative
from drOuH Also The sweating pitcher familiar
example of the deposition of water caused by the
contact of warm air with colder surface: Every
welnade drain is funnel, through which air is con-
stany passing Usually in direction contrary to that
of the water. This air in hot dry day. gives OIL its
moisture freely TO the walls OF the drain, and perco-
ating through the crevces minges with the relatively
cool soil to which it imparts moisture whenever the
drouth is such as to admit it, But draining Is mainly
advantageous in that it prepares the soil for
DEEP PLowSG.-We are all too apt to fol-
low blndly in the beaten track. The first plow
was tough, forked stick, whereof one prong
served as a BEAM while the other dug the earth az
coulter. Ofcourse, the plowing was merely scratch
ng-necessarily 30. 1t would have been Preposterous
to expect the plowman of Hesods or of Virg's time
TO turn up and mellow the soil to depth OF hteen or
sixteen inches You might as well have asked him to
Ay; Down to the present age plowing was inevitably
a shallow affair. But iron plows, steel piows, snbsoh
plows have changed all this 1t is as easy to-day to
mellow the earth TO depth Of two fost, AZ it was
century ago TO turn over sward to the deptn OF SIX
inches. And our fierce, trying climate, 70 different
or even Of Holland and the Atlantic coast of Germany
whence our ancestors migrated absolutely requires OF
ms deep plowing. Drouth is our perpetual danger.
Most crops twenty to sixty pei cent short OF what
they would have been with adequate and seasonabe
moisture. That moisture exists not only in the skies
above, but in the earth beneath our plants. Though
the skies may capiciously withhold it, the earth never
will, if we provide a mellew, rich subsol, through
which the roots can descend to the moisture. The
hotter and dryer the weather. the better our plants
will grow if they have rich, earth beneath them,
reaching down to and including moisture. We cannot
and we need not pow very deep each yedro assure
THE if the subso is underdraned that the supera
bundant moisture of the wet does not pack it,
Underdranng as the foundation and deep plowing as
the supersructure, with ample fertizing and gener-
Gus tage will average crops, such az this
section has rarely if Our corn should aver
age from fifty to seventy bushels per acre; our oats
still higher Every field should be ready to grow
wheat frequired Every grass-ot should be good for
two or three tuns Of hay per acre. Abundant fruits,
including the grape and the pear, should gladden. our
hill ides and enrich our farmers tables. So should
our children seek no more in flight to the crowded
cities, or to the wide West escape from the i'll paid
dudgery and intellectual barrenness of their fathers
lives but find abundance and happiness III and around
their childhoods happy homes.
POTATOES.