The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1858-11-19
Our Arizona Corresp0rlaeace.

GAr-pxS PuRcEAzx, Oct. II, 1868
Extent and Physical Caaractcr-C INMATE Productions and
Rcsowces Mineral Wealth = Population = Indtcns -
LADIES' state Of Affairs, &C., &c.
Presuming that many OF your thousands OF readers
would Ike TO hear from disintcrested something
Ike true history Of the condition affairs in this soid
saa Territory, am going to oer you concise sketch Of
matters and things in general as they have before
my notice during the last year. But before doing So
must be permitted to protest against the many
accounts Of the wealth and productions Of this country
which have seen published by persons who either
entirely ignorant Of the subject upon which they
actuated by personal considerations
This extensive portion OF the public domain into
possession about -four years ago extends north and
south line from the thirty fourth parallel OF north latitude
70 lat 81 deg. = min NJ having New Mexico the north
and the Mexican States Sonora and chihuahua on the
south, and extending from the western boundary Texas
TO the eastern boundary Of California formed by tho Great
Colorado river The chief physical pcculiares this i'm
tract OF country its great and lofty chains
mountains between which rolling plains and
dunn amount Of rich river land Timber of very fine
quity is found in almost all parts of the country-n the
mountains pine FIR, cedar and the largest growth
are very plenty while along the river ash syca
more butioDwood, cottonwood black walnut, blackberry
and large musqueet are to be had in abundance. The
plains arc covered with rich gramma and other grasses
during most OF tho year particularly after plentiful sup
ply OF rain The temperature Of the climate delightful
averaging between and 70 degrees Fahrenheit with
fall OF about ten inches of during the year, which
falls chiefly during the months OF August September and
October, constituting our rany season." Snow falls
seldom, and is chiefly confined 90 the mountains During
the wet season malarous feyers prevail extensively
throughout the whole Territory But for this exception
the climate would be equal 10 that OF the middle north
ern parts OF New Mexico which IL unequalcd for salub
~ and agrecabiiy by any other country in the world.
The amount Of and suitable for agricultural purposes is
very small when compared with the extent OF the coun
try, but 81 the most fertile and productive character
has been satisfactorily proved by the cultivation OF
all kinds Of cereals fruits and vegetables the most sa-
perior quality Irrigation requisite, but this trouble is
repaid by the production of crops during season
In Arizona the raising Of stock must take the place Of
tensiye farming the climate and soil better ada pied
tor that kind OF industry. Not quite fifty years ago the
rich ranchcras oil the Spanish settlers their
cattle by the hundred housand but the neglect the
weak government Of Mexico which abandoned that great
source Of wealth TO the untring forays of the ruthless
bands OF Apache Indians, whose haunts situated
the mountain Businesses lying h the regions Immediately
north OF the ko ella, has defopulaed the country, and
left without even the shadow OF its former wealth
Surely our powerful government and thrifty people
overcome the power Of those relentless maauders
once more repeope those rich and extensive stock farms
and again fill them with the Of industry The Over
land Mail Company which The first step towards open
ing up and developing this country, has placed
within eight days travel of san Francisco BY the aid Of
steam and railways few years must Of necessity bring
us stu nearer, where ready market wlii
always be found for the produce OF this
here for one dollar or twelve cuttings viii sell for from
-four to six dollars in California Cattle that sell here for
eight or ten dollars will bring forty TO fifty there Thus
be seen some OF tho real advantages possessed by
this country But this is all her mineral productions
equally valuable both regards their variety and
productveness. Gold silver, iron, copper lead zinc tin
anthony, bsmu'h alum, arsenic and sulphur have been
found throughout all parts Of the Territory. Silver cop.
per and lead mines are being worked on the most cx,en
sve scale The wealth Of tho silver mines Is almost
fabulous. There are now five mining companies taking
out silver, the ores OF some Of which bid fair yield
greater fortunes than those OF Peru Mexico There
companies working copper rich those the
Lake Superior regions These mines give employment to
make Arizona the brightest state in the American
sellation. The amount OF capital invested all these
mines Is about half million dollars.
Before concluding must say few words concerning
population and the wants OF the country. But re.
greet cannot say much in favor of the former as |
have the foregoing subjects The population Of tins
Territory according 10 the proposed limits amounts to
between 800 and 600 souls, which includes the mill.
tary, bu, not the Indians The Pueblo Indians, Pmos
Marcopas and Papasoes who partly civilized aud cut
tvate extensively, amount about 4 900 whilst the
wild savage Indians, consisting Of the Mcmbrcs, Coyo
tcros, Mogooncs, Pnaenos, Tontos, Yumas, Cosnnis
and Chcahuhus, may be put down at 10000, which is
considered rather under than the true estimate The
Mexican portion Of The community amounts 10 sixteen or
seventeen hundred, and mostly engaged agrcuitu.
raj pastoral pursuits. They chiefly composed Of
motley mixture ot the descendants Of the
| spanish and Indian races al a cheerful but lazy
disposition; poor, proud superstiious, and, with few
isolated exceptions, entirely devoid Of any kind
OF euculon The remainder Of our people are formed
of Enropio Americans; IL will be that
has rather mixed population Judging from which,
Il may be surmiscd that social harmony does not form
remarkably strong element Ia their personal relations
ward each other. law (saye the six commandments Of
the revolver, which every man has his hearty
either civil military New Mexican, has not been known
became possessed of the country CONSEQUENCE
OF which deeds q the daring and bloody violence
have become painfully frequent. During the last year
not less than twenty persons have been babarcusy
murdered IN this country, without much rebuke
bong administered 10 the desperate observation-disclosures
does who have been outlawed by California other
States Murder and other deeds OF become
frequent thai tho honest and industrious portion OF our
pacesby disposed citizens are kept in constant fear Tor
liz and IN IN how
mems lives, and u ~ but few days since that three
Mexican boys roee up IA the dead hour % midnight, and
without any cause, horribly butchercd their -four sleeping
American companions three Of whom had their brains
rbly knocked out with causing speedy DEATH and
the fourth escaped terribly muated. The suIerings o
this last who was left In wilderness, without food
drink, with his dead and purifying companions ban
quoted on BY tho wolves were truly marvellous For
eight days his foul and fostering wounds remained
dressed, the end of which time he attended By
In. irwin, United States army, who amputaicd his
at the shoulder ions, and under whose he
covering his CHASTITY wounds This Is bu, An isolated
instance OF the horrd deeds pcrpcsated with mpunisy In
this awless land Wil our government or Congress do
nothing to remedy this truly wreched condition anairsy
Nominay this country constitutes part of the Territory
of New Mexico, but the Governors Of that Territory
10 that part Of their government known
Arizona now speak Of that portion Of the country ~
ing west o. me valley = me RIO 6rande In The name 81
outraged justice and suffering people, let Congress
quickly take this matter Up and do something during
approaching session to reciify this dsgraocnl state of
aarsH Tor no better reason than good example
to the ueehborng people of Sonora whom Que 81
days, may united with US under the same govern.
ment. We now the most amrable terms with
them bit lawess and violent evil doors begin
ming 10 them 10 look upon with suspicion and lis
uust. II Congress does not deem vs. Of sufficient import
10 give a Territorial government then lct soc
that the laws Of New Mexico cxicnded here AZ
The prospects of this country fair as
those Of any ~ her elder sisters and government will
extend protection and laws, Arizona will shortly play
promnc at part Ia our great coufcdcraii
Our Nebraska Correspondence.
owAas Cry, N r., oct q, 1858.