The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1858-08-09
AFFAIRS IN RUSSIA.
The Abolition Of serfdem In Russia and Ms
Consequences.
Oprresp0ndepce OF lie Nord Of Brussels July o. traus
lated for the NEW York aKRAID

Oorrespondepce OF lie Nord Of Brussels July e. rans
lated for the NEW York aRRAID
Moscow, July 10, 1858.
Allow me, sir, to come once more back to the
question Of the emancipation of sers. which has been
b often discussed and still remains unsettled. l
have to day to communi cate to you news OF such I'M
portance that do not fear to weary the attention OF
your readers by dwelling little longer upon tnls
subject.
You already know that the committees charged
with the drawing up Of a set OF regulations WIN
reference to the new relations between tne iahd,
owners and the peasants have assembled IN several
of the departments and that doubtless the other de-
parmeHts will soon follow their example. Now,
whilst the nobility is discussing the means OF carry
ing out this great reform, the government, on its
that the work of emancipation is to proceed smulta
neously with that of the reform OF rural admnstra-
tion it undertook this latter task by drawing up
project of administration and organization of the
rural communities, aud another project of regul%
tions for the new district authorities, especially
charged with the superintendent of the relations
between landowners and peasants.
For the purpose OF drawing up these projects, the
Central Committee of Emancipation nominated a
special commission which, after having elaborated
them, submitted them to it. Since then, they have
been communicated to the Governors General and
to the Governors of the different provinces with
ders to examine them and to present them to the
Central Committee at the latest on the LIST Q3th)
Of August next, with the observations which they
may have TO offer.
importance. The whole future of the country may
depend on them for it is them, if they be carried
into execution that will depend the application, and
consequently the success or failure the good OF bad
result of the great reform of emancipation.
Therefore il may be asserted that in this respect
they are yet more important than the projects
Of emancipation themselves. The government
having asked for the advice of the governors,
it il quite natural and above all IL is desirable that
the question be discussed also by the public aud in
particular by the Russian public chiefly interested in
this matter. II is even probable that where the
governors will ind nothing to object the public will
raise well founded objections, which the government
itself will be satisfied to know before taking any de-
fnitive and iTevocable decsion on which, | again
repeat the social organization and the future well
being of the most numerous class of the Dopula-
ton of the empire and consequently the future of
our nobility, will depend. Discussion enlightens;
truth springs ont of the shock of opinions; every
where the government is wanting TO hear the truth,
and in so important q question it cannot hear it
enough. Besides, it is its duty, its right; and its
first privilege under such circumstances is to be able
to provoke truth and to have it told to ITSELF Here
are, in substance. the bases of these new regula
tions:-
ORGANIZING THE RURAL COMMUNITIES UPON
IANDt, THE CANross (voLosr
Eaop segnonal esiate forms rural commune, whose
chief pso facso Ia the NOBLE landed proprietor himself
Several reunited form canton, whose popua.
shall amount to 10 000 FOULS and The chief OF
form the canionether amongst the laudowners
themselves amongst those Of the can.ons
At the will Of the elscsors.
When se,gpor,al estate composed Of one or several
ueahborug villages reashes for ITSELF by tie amount of
he population, The proportions OF canton, may o. the
tim form a canton and commune. The proprietor
In this case lie de jye tac.o the chief
of The commune and chief Of ths canton IL il reserved
70 The rea' proprtors TO divide their estates into several
eemmupes, according they will judge II necessary.
Nch commune s TO possess communal administration
and rural tribunal.
semby Of the members OF the aud tue ANCIENT
Of the mmunc, (Stsrosta together with his depuoe.
~na No. ~ decide IN ths n,vse ,n,arssss oS the am
elects the representatives OF the commune 10 the
assembly OF the canton; distributes the Ands which
the landlord puts at the disposition OF the commune;
MAKES the OF the and service due 70 the
State and the landlord Of the place. decides tho traus
,s s cn 'na Of pss e
commune and toe emigration Of the cid which
take place except with the consent Of the landlord
he decisions OF the assembly oreer 10 be valid mast,
in The majority OF casos, be confirmed By the land
lord Of the place. The ancient OF the DON nune
landlord The police in commune Ia exercised By the
and, up6er bis presidency by tribunal Of rural
police compoeed Of two members elected o the rcAsanis
q little importance "a not permanent, and IL convoked
only when there need OF he's the right OF punish
ing the peasants in cases Of msdemesnor tho maximum
Of punishment. twenty strokes with rod day Of
hber 70 the profit OF the commune, or, lastly, hue OF
three silver roubies The decisions or this tribunal
be confines By the landlord Of the pAaaco.
The landowner hes the right in certain cases, such a
neolence disorder, drunkenness and other similar ones,
rural tribunal 10 nct cbsstissmepts the peasants
The punishment caunot exceed ten strokes with tue rod
or three days imprisonment The ancient Of the commune
IN such bound 70 execute the orders OF the land
lord.
IRE rights Of the landlord In his quality Of head Of the
psss de jre 70 the person he may charge with
ne administrators VI his estates In OF absence the
absent landlord old not name person 70 replace him,
she commune governs Itself a. taking place 70 day on
me adminstraon OF cantons composed OF the chief
or cation cantonal assembly M ancient the caotsn
sarN ritah ts m
q cashier and q recorder.
The assembly Is formed by the representatives of tho
oommures, tor twenty twenty-five hearths. IL DO
crees on the expenses OF the canton nxes the
mode OF contribution 70 The depo OF corn In the reserve
Inc cs,her and In general on affairs Of gene
raj Interest OF the canton. fbe assembly ~ not perma
pepl be only with the consent OF the chief
Of canton It's decsons In order TO be valid must be con
Armed by tie same chief
The regency OF the canton composed OF tho ancient
the cashier and the recorders is permanent and adges
not except under the direction and with the Consent
msnt CT the CHIEF Of canton.
The second project contains two distinct regua-
tons. The first comprehends the bases OF organiza-
ton of the administration OF the district and Of the
police. Here are its principal points:-There will
he in each district a chief of district, who shall re-
present the executive power and preside over the
tribunal Of the district, especially charged with the
examination Of the differences and suits at law be-
tween landlords and peasants.
The tribunal of territorial police and regency Of
police actually existing will form one single admin
istration called the Office Of district administra-
ton and being under the direct orders Of the chief
Of district This Office is composed Of two sections,
the one Of territorial police and the other of city
police. The first IL directed by the commissionary
Of territorial police, and the second by the master OF
police. The permanent member of the tribunal of
territorial police is attached TO the Office.
For the purpose OF carrying into execution the
orders OF the chief of district and Of the Office OF adj
ministraton, there will be created in each district
sfoporos isprdrnik replacing the anoros prsfdr OF
10 day.
The chief of district Is nominated by the govern
ment. His charge IL OF the fifth class but the gov
eminent has the faculty TO invest with IL function
aries Of the eighth 10 the fourth class inclusive The
salaries Of the chiefs of district 900 silver roubes
Incumbents enjoying State pension may hold the
Office. The chiefs OF district, who shall successfully
vice, be bonored with the rank Of Counsellor Of
State (th class), IL they had IL already with the
rank OF actual Counsellor Of State ourth class) OF