Cleveland morning leader. [volume] (Cleveland [Ohio]) 1854-1865, 1858-12-13

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tbs WORKSHOPS AND HARxoNIEs OF THE SEA.
Lieut. Maury gave, on Saturday evening, an ill.,
teresting and profitable discourse on the above
subject treating it in an able manner, and render
ing clear many facts in regard to the properties of
sea water, which before had been obscure. The
lecture pertained principally to the ocean currents
and the analysis of the various motions and prop
critics of the sea.
The lecturer remarked that all the objects Of the
ocean contained food for much thought and deep
study but none are half so wonderful as those prop
critics which enable tie sea TO preserve its equihb-
rum of gravity, and tend to keep it ever tuned TO
its part in the great harmony of the universe The
true conseryator of the sea is the animal life which
is found in its depths. There We find the grand
key to unlock the mysteries ofthe great deep. Sci
ence has in these latter days become very bold. 1t
searches every field and examines every portion
of the universe which will afford clue to the great
facts of nature.
Commodore Rogers had performed very many
experiments in testing the specific gravity OF sea
water from Il deg north latitude to 81 deg south,
and thence around Cape Horn to New York, and
his experiments had shown that theses water was
warmer in the Southern than in the Northern him.
isphere, notwithstanding the commonly received
opinion that the waters at the same distance from
the Equator should be of one Uniform temperature.
He had also found that from 80 deg. south to "a
deg. north, although the temperature was much
changed, yet the specific gravity remained the
same. The difference of temperature between 81
deg north and the Equator was 30 deg; then why
did not the water become lighter, according to the
general law? Fill a vessel with 10000 measures
of wafer at "a deg north latitude and float 1t gently
down to the Equator,it will have increased p deg
in temperature, and expanded 50 as to lose SO oi
the 10000 measures and yet its specific gravity has
remained the same.
These paradoxical facts are easy of explanation
The trade winds which continually blow toward the
Equator from the region OF the parallels of 80 deg
north and south, are the evaporating winds. They
suck uD the fresh water and leave the salt in what
remains This causes the water near the Equator
to be more dense, and hence heavier, although
warmer These causes cOunteIbalance each other
This system of compensation is found throughout
the whole ocean, and throughout the universe
To Illustrate the movements of the currents about
the Equator, let us suppose the water in Lake
Michigan to be changed into a fluid as light as oil
The result would be q stream of this fluid flowing
| into Lake Huron, and a counter stream flowing
from Huron TO Michigan. Imagine these to be sea
waters and they will represent the currents be
tween the parallels of 80 deg. and 62 deg. The
| heat evolved in the evaporation of water was spO
ken Of The water flowing through the Gul
Stream annually would form canal l6 feet deep
1000 miles broad, and "a, 900 miles Iong-equal t,
/ 5000 such rivers as the Mississippi The latent
heat employed in evaporatng gallon OF water il
enough TO raise five and half gallons to the boil
ing point. The latent heat involved in the VapOr
which arise from the whole surface of the sea,woult
raise to the boiling point boiy of water which i
would take eighty thousand such rivers as the Mis-
sissippi one year to discharge. Why then does no
the sea become boiling water? The saltness pre-
vents It, in great measure. The trade winds ant
tie currents from the poles also act powerfully t,
prevent this.
There is evidence in the remains of tropica
plants, DC, being founi near the north pole, tha
the power of the trade winds was once less than
is now. Water is denser at the bottom than at til
surface. In an experiment with glass jar of Sc
water in cold day in February last, the ice form
ed at the bottom and presented the perfect imta
ton of an inverted snow storm. Each particle Q
water, as 1t flashed into ice, discharged a sma
amount of heat, which left the temperature of th
wholeat 81 deg. The average temperature of Sc
water is % deg. Had the sea not been salt tn
polar regions would be mass of solid ice, Englan
would be as Id and barren as Labrador, and Ire
land would never have obtained the title of th
Emerald Isle" Were the sea fresh, we shoul
have no peaing thunder, no vivid lightning, an
our storms would be but feeble limitations. Ther
would then be no flow Ofcurrents, no Gulf Stream
Reason suggests this system of circulation, an
observation ratiies it,
The question of the open Polar Sea was dis
cussed, and reasons and facts given why it shoul
exist The under currents from the Equator nece:
sarily produced it. It is in fact but vast bOilin
spring Gifts existence there is no doubt. Thu
we use all facts for the advancement of science an
knowledge. The study of the features of the cart
is not pastime but duty. The miner digs int
the earth for treasure; the philosopher follows hi
and weighs the world The highest mountai
peaks clothed with eternal snow, serve as observ;
tories for science.
The sea water is heavier in the Southern than
the Northern Hemispheres because it is salter, an
sater because there areno large rivers save IL
Rio de La Plata which flow into its waters
DR.. Chalmers comparison of the study of tn
heavens and the sea was finely brought in, and tn
lecture closed with an int resting account of Il
minute animals found in the ocean depths.
! The Lecture was full of instruction, but not pc
haps as generally interesting as the second OIL
given By Lieut. Maury-
The GIRL IN BOYS CLOTHEs-JUDGE PRUDEl
II is due the Judge of the Police Court to stat
that he did not send up" to the City Prison, Il
other day, the girl who had assumed boys clothC
for business purposes, with the view of punishin
her His seEse Of prOpriety did not permit him
discharge her in male apparel, to be made by Il