The Pacific commercial advertiser. [volume] (Honolulu, Hawaiian Islands) 1856-1888, 1858-08-19

model to their compatriots. His four sons were ed
Gated in Brazil, Germany, and England The oldes
Senior Luiz, studied law at the University of Go
tingen. Senior Jose (head of the Santos house) va
trained in the military school Of Prussia, and rose
the position of first lieutenant of the thirty-seveni
Prussian infantry during the troubles between BE
gium and Holland.
The third son who had charge Of the Rio house
yergueiro s Filhos) was educated as a commerce.
man in London and Hamburg, and the younge
brother had a thorough mercantile training in th
same cities By their European education they hav
been enabled to carry out more easily the plans {
their father concerning emigration.
In 1S41, Senior Vergueiro, in the teeth of publ
opinion, sent 10 Germany for forty families as colo
nists; but the General Government was so opposed Z
the OLD Senator during the troubles of 1872, in tn
province of San Paulo, that the colony was broker
up In 1876, he again commenced carrying out hi
project; and, IN so doing, he has been completely
successful. The Government itself through oficia
organs, has commended the system of Vergueiro as
the system worthy of imitation
That system may be stated in few words Sr. Yer
gueiro has in Europe an agent who communicates
with cantonal and communal authorities, and with
private individuals, Offering inducements TO the able
bodied poor who wish 20 emigrate with their families
70 the New World. The e~migranr. at his option. can
defray his own expenses 10 Brazil, or, permitting Sr.
Vergueiro 10 transport him. he (the emigrant) agrees
in such case to refund az his own time and convent
ence the price OF his passage ut a small rate of inter-
est. The agent At Hamburg charters a vessel, and
thus a large number of colonists are enabled to seek
a new home at n very moderate outlay.
Sr. V. guarantees on his part 10 defray all the ex-
penses Of the cOlonists from the sea-cosst TO his PLAN
tations, and, On their arrival az their final destina-
ton, 10 furnish each head Of a family with a house,
50 many coffee-trees, proportional TO the number of
each family, and to supply all with provisions, arti-
ticies OF clothing, &C., at wholesale prices. The colo
mist. on his part. agrees to tend faithfully his allotted
portion OF cOfee-trees, 10 share the profits and ex-
penses of the crop, and not 10 leave without giving
one years notice and paying his Indebtedness Of any
EXIST 5or passage money advanced.
The contract is very simple. and is a safe invest
ment for both contracting parties.
During the year 1854, the result of the cofee-cul-
ture on the plantation OF Ybecaba was one million six
hundred thousand pounds. of which one-half of the
expenses and profits belong TO the laborers.
| visited the cottages of the colonists, about one
mile from the manor. As | passed along, | was con-
stantly saiuted by cheerful Swiss and German work.
men. some OF whom were surrounded by noisy and
joyous fair-headed children, who capered about with
as much life and glee rs if at the foot of the Hartz or
in the valleys Of the Oberland-
Before reaching the hamlet, | crossed a small stream
upon a bridge of n novel and cheap construction,
which in IT'S simplicity commends itself TO every set
tier in Australia or Western America, where propri-
etors are many bur laborers are few. Ii may be styled
"a self-made" bridge. \ number of logs are fas-
tened lOngitudinally in the water, leaving, of course,
spaces between them. On the top of these are thrown
large branches, and then finer brush; and on the
surface is placed a certain quantity Of clay and loose
lirt. 4 portion of the brook higher up is turned
aside by a ditch through the light soil, and conducted
the log aud brush-heap. In q few days this lit
lie side-stream has borne down an immense burden
red soil across the bridge, and has rendered the su-
2erssTucture as firm as the road, while beneath,
through branches and logs, the " river rms merrily
ly." The ditch, the water through it having fin
shed its work, is closed, and a solid passage-vay IS
bus obtained.s
At the hamlet I found an intelligent head-agent.
Who kept the books of the colonists. and gave TO the
after orders for every pound of bacon, yard Of cloth,
&c Without his signature they could not obtain
articles AT the manor stoTehouse.
The larger portion Of the colonists were Roman
but | did not leave before every oppOrtu-
ity was afforded for their obtaining the Scriptures,
9th in Portuguese and German.
Some of the colonists have thriven remarkably,
aying in Eve years time gained FIVE and seven thou
and mIlreis, (S2510 aud S35OO). The state Of
lorals was certainly most credi;able when comparing
with that Of the countries whence they came. From
o4I to 90, (the period of my VISIT among several
laborers of the humblest classes of German
nd swiss, not an ~illegitimate child had been born.
he Vergueiros encourage the marriage-institution as
VI only essential to purity, but for the interest of
9TH planter and colonist. There are now about one
iousand European w~orkmen, including children.
Ybecaba is n small plantation, containing but FIVE I
six square miles; bat near by the VS. possess =
-zeudd not so well cultiva ed, but three times rs
rye. At Angelica they own a new plantation, well
iapted to the culture of coffee. which is twelve
ngues in circumference. Hitherto blacks have been
IN Of the proprietor to Introduce, as soon as posi-
- lftc NHite EtDOfSF-. 4 deEnanIe1 Oh CT. LulZ
ergueiro if It were mere philanthropy which
ompted their efforts TO introduce free labor, he re-
ied, most promptly and decidedly, We find the
Dor Of 4 man who has a will of his own, and inter-
Is at stake, vastly more profitable than slave-labor.' r
| could not bat contrast the happy aud cheerful !
1ditiOn Of these colonjsts with the discouraged resi- :
nts in the colony Donna Francisco. Though the
.rmans Of Petropolis have every advantage of a
arnesss to market, and a growing city which has 4
wants TO be supplied, yet the condition of the $
IOnIsis az 1becaba is infinitely superior If we con-
Ter the prosperity Of the Individual. The settle
mt at LeOpoliina 10 Rio Grande do Sui has been =
: only truly successful Imperial colony, that of
troPo'is beng under the GorerEo Provincial. BY
report Of the Minister of the Empire for 1916,
that, out of seventeen colonies founded by
Imperial Government and by the provincial au-
rites, only four can be called prosperous; and of
t two can II be aid, 1tuif0 Prosperd. The remain- n
are placed under the heads " not prosperous 4
with the population , "a in decay" or
10 information of its condition" OF the tweuty- n
r private efforts at colonization, twenty-one are r
'orted prosperous, nearly all Of which have been W
nded since 1852, and more or less on the YER Il
siro system. These colonies are in FIVE provinces, a
| the excellence Of the - plan ergueiro'' consists p
this,-vfz-: its applicability throughout the En- b
G on a great or small scale. Nine of the TWENTY Z
seniors have each less than one hundred and a
mtg coloDists, thus enabling the small proprietors sa
have. 10 a certain extent, the advantages of the
ger landholders. Slavery (since the vigorous mea- %
e Of 1850 were adopted against the siaye-fradel -,
been doomed in Brazil. The Emperor and his ce
iernment are against this inhuman traffic, and the 10
'ular voice sustains them. The comparative ease -
a which 4 slave may obtain his freedom, and, by CO
possession of property, the rights. of citizenship, tn
probably in twenty years put an end to seryitude 81
this South American Empire. There must then at
a supply of laborers from some other source than
ia. The mother-country, the Portuguese islands, IN
and Switzerland will furnish that supply. w.
emigration as it exists from Europe 10 the CO.
ted States can never succeed in Brazil on a large ms
o owinr ~ the MACMILLAN strnc-,ra of tho Ccya-o Sc
=. ~, -. -. 9 ou
ons is capable of indefinite extension, while it pro- int
; the interests Of both employer and employee. NJ
ugh there may be individual instances of oppres- Dc.
uhueI 4 IoHeriul ana UNJUST proprietor, yet. as iul
hole, this plan Will IN the end prove a great bless inf
TO Brazil and TO the poorer classes of Europe. ~
the Swabian, the Fribourgeois. the Vaudois,
the Portuguese, and the llheo, look up =
men in their new homes they have no longer
appearance-too common in their native districts