The weekly hawk-eye. [volume] (Burlington, Iowa) 1858-1860, 1858-01-26

i Iqssiree the pfOMQstou 0t every Dtancn " MoW
II ~, and Tie cultivation of III the astt sai,d
sences hos sgise.l..rs. \ .he precusos. ", n y!
i he nature OF our Biographical position, mnet
~ the great leading svo1Stion Of our people,
Ana .berefore she ifss intsftss % b ccnsid-rse
and imDrvved. sesaafss
Bas ths question kscurt. iiow can shisinjuc-
lion OF the Constellation u carried ouy, and the
highest carabilit5es IN shA economy Of neld
labor and general husbshdty Be attained, bt
anything v6seh ~ State "a IL sovereign capAls
|. G ! bss.,ea .sas d. dit step in hi. tiree
ton, after aasrding ave sneourage.ens y
eablish al agricultlral bureau . distinct de-
paftment of' State, similar ~ its functions and
appointments 70 The one proposed and enacted
BY one branch Of your body thses years go,
but lost il the other. .s4ss,sf
| Il should hold The same relation 70 the people
| OF this STATE, that similar department in Tie
Patent Office at Washin&toD City does to th$
whole country. Putting ftself in connection
with that Office. and al the Agricultural socies
ties in the lend, il great Oiics would be 20 IN
tro6uce nsv and valuable leeds, beth o. the
cereals and vegetables; direct their culture;
gather up agricultural statistics and information
from the best farmers every vhere, and disseni-
nate The same largely among the generation OF
nee laberers who now Of may hereafter occupy
our plains. a
/ But, secondly, agriculture, in her higher aims
and purposes, 10 . science, and demands the ap-
lication Of scientific knowledge to the Mbors or
the field. This involves the necessity, at pro-
per time, Of establishing agricultural schoots,
in connection with experimental farms, where
the natural sciences bearing upon her doniain,
may be tanght and applied; such g geology
rN0rnsaHpv-h - v-.nh aiN1A ~ xnn.
||logy-atmospheric properties aud Influences,
&c. To elaborate the connection between these
sciences and she objects Of agriculture. which
has its out.goings In the infinite, is neither ex-
lpecasd NOR demanded in this communication.
H II only speak Of one other method Of main
tanning A elevated system of agriculture, and
that is to keep al her manfpulations and pro-
ceases under the dominion Of free labor. u
/ 70 work ID privilege, % well Is one Of the
conditions Of life. Labor intelgently directed
BY The masses is the source Of untold blessings,
Affecting no less the moral destiny Of the race,
than the physical Improvement Of the state.
Il y strange in this age Of the world, and in =
land Of constitutional liberty. We are compelled
to insist upon the freedom Of labor yet the
necessity Of doing 50 is NO less strange than
painful. as
This birth-sight Of the American citizen has
been seriously menaced, BY growing senti-
ment in favor OF slave labor in one section Of
the Union. The two cannot exist upon the
same soil The Introduction Of the one is the
disparagement Of Che other. They are natural
and irreconcilable foes. 2 ~ 4ai y ls4-1fA
Free hbor Is tifFusive IN its benefits, equal
ises the condition Of men-strengshens the
moral principle Of country-is progressive in
its movel, ents, availing itself Of che aids Of
science IN ito several departments Of industry !;
whilst slave labor dispenses ito benefactiOns to
the few-presses hardly against the interest Of
the many brings premature decrepieude upon
the country, BY ito wasteful aod e1hausting til
lage, and to live must not only enlarge but often
change the field tits operations. This natural
" induces spirit for territorial aggrandizement
IN order to per petuate slavery, andsto extend
the political power of one section ofthe Union,
In derogation Of the rights Of the other; and
has brought on contest between freedom and
slavery that has absorbed all the other political
questions Of the day. #a 'sste.fF7z
The meeting Of these two systems Of labor
face to face in Kansas, has impaired no little
interest to this conflict. Passing by, however,
the monstruous frauds, usurpatiOns, violence
and utter disregard Of the Democratic principle
Of allowing the people TO choose their own
rulers and make their own laws, which thus far
have marked the progress Of this contest in that
Territory, beg leave TO 60 back Of all these, 4
ard refer to an assumption Of power, or consti-
tutional right, which has justly alarmed and ex-
cited the jealousy OF the North, and, Il 10 ap-
pretended, will give long continuance and Bit
terness to this unfortunate contest. ailude to
the recent interpretation Of the Constitution OF
the United States which nationalizes slavery,
and opens the door for its universally in oil
the Territories OF the government. This extra
ordinary construction Of the character of our
liberties, was first enunciased BY the southern
section Of the Supreme Court in the Dred Scott
case, afterwards adopted BY one Of the political
parties Of this country, and followed up by
distinct recognition on the part Of the present
Chief Magistrate of the Union.
This distinguished functionary has been pleas
ed to inform the people Of this country, that
slavery, under the Constitution as now expouad-
ed, may not only be extended beyond the bounds
where it now il, but that il already exists prac.
tically or theoretically in all the national do
main. fH
ii this be SO, the investiture Of this privilege
in $50, 900 slave owners Is virtual abnegation
Of the rights Of IS, ,OOO, 900 Of non-slavehoiders
in the occupancy Of all these lands. For, il
viii be confessed that free and voluntary labor
will not unite with involuntary and compulsory
labor in reclaiming all these territories and
transforming them into the culture, the arts and
the adornments Of civilization. 9 aHA ~
But, it is said from high authority, as pal
liative for the exercise Of this right under the
Constitution to take and hold slaves upon the
free territories Of this couutry, that when the
residents Of such Territories proceed to form .
State Constitutions, then IL is their right to de-
eide the important question for themselves,
whether they viii continue, ,.modify Of abolish
slevery.n4 afA4 495s a&s e. *4sA s#4 q
But, how right recognized and guaranteed
BY the Constitution Of the United States, can
be thus summaSily disposed Of, 10 not readily
perceived. Il must be founded upon the idea
either that the Constitution is not the para
mount law Of the land, or that i contains
limitation upon this right. Il b believed that
neither Of these pOstulstss can be maintained
and it follows that, if this right exists ut all it is
an absolute, continuing right, as the other fran
chises Of that venerable instrument are, which
no State power can divess, either afssr II has
been exercised, Is in Kansas, or in anticipation
Of It's exercise, a. Iowa has attempted TO do, In
prohibiting IL in her Constitutions. IL this con-
st9uction be the true one, then, - logical CON.
sequence, and as has already been claimed in
some quarters, slavery exists theoretically in I'll
the free states Of this Union, and The right
need only be asserted to make il 30 practically.
By thus Interpreting the Consdtation Of the
United States ~ to make It sanction the legal
| right to own and hold slaves wherever the flag
| Of the Union goes the people Of the free North
| are made an Involuntary party to all the evils,
politi0al and moral, which attach themselyes to
this institution, and must share with The South
whatever responsibility there may be connected
1 with it 90 . subsisting national establishment.
/ They profess againss being implicated in 20
\ great wrong. 70 their moral sense, slavery
4 slOdious and forbidding. They had been &C.
customed to view il % State insltntion. over
4 which neither they nor The General GoSernment
had any control n. IN