davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Potter journal. [volume] (Coudersport, Pa.) 1857-1872, 1858-03-11

The Lewistown Democrat has well said,
that several Of the Buchanan papers Of
this Congressional District are n,ano on
the Lcoompton question. OF this class
are the Lycoming Ga.eae and the Clinton
Democrat. The latter is opposed to he
compton. but is unwilling to agitate.
What is such 4 paper good for we should
like to know? Afraid to agitate at time
when r. J. Walker, a slave holder, feels
constrained to write letter to the Indiana
Democracy, closing as follows:
is this the eighty-second year of our
independence, or is il the first year OF
tD,erican N1narc5y that is now dawning
upon US?
Let stee people--let the masses compos-
ing the true Iesn9cracy-arousef from their
slumbers. Let them break the chains
which would fetter their free thought and
free opinion, and assert their ooI-bought
rights, and especially the great indefeasi-
bic sovereign right of selfgoycrlment.
We have fallen upon evil times the
liberties Of the country are in danger
Let the people in every town, county, and
State rise in their majesty to the rescue.
Let the timid or corrupt falter as they
may; let the Democracy Of Indiana, now
in mass meeting assembled, proclaim, III
tones that shall echo throughout our Re
public, that the spirit of the Revolution
is not extinct III their bosoms, but that
from the lakes Of tho North to the lovely
valIe.ys cf the Wabash and Ohio, you, the
Democracy Of Indiana, will stand as one
undaunted column, by the great principle
of popular sovereignty sustained by them
at the polls in 1856, aa embodied in the
submission of the Constitution for ratif
cation or rejection by the unfettered vote
Of the people Of Kansas and Of every othel
Territory.
Thanking you for the kind manner ii
which the committee, through you, have
been pleased to speak Of my humble ser
vices in behalf Of the great Democratic
doctrine of State and popular sovereignty
| am, most respectfully, your fellow
citizen, Il. j. WALKER.
What a contrast between the advice o
the Clinton Denaocrat, and the late Gov
ernor of Kansas. The former says, keel
quiet, don't be agitated, it will all com
out right. The latter says, grouse from
your slunsbers fer your liberties are /,
danger. "Let the people in every town
county and state rise in their majesty t.
to the rescue" Yes, and they will rise il
their majesty, in spite of treacherou
members of Congress, and num- newspa
pers.
The Potter journal. [volume] (Coudersport, Pa.) 1857-1872, 1858-03-11
Euchanau's Administration a
Failure.

The disappointment of those honest
democracts who supported Buchanan un-
der the belief that he would administer
the Government wisely and successfully,
must be very great.
1t is just year since the present Ad-
ministratiou was inducted into Office, but
already it has nearly ruined the party to
Which it belongs.
Said B. Gratz Brown to the Free Dc,
The Potter journal. [volume] (Coudersport, Pa.) 1857-1872, 1858-03-11
Hs0Pa Imn National Era til.

Eeg~ The National Era thinks the Re-
publican press of New York, have done
Senator Seward injustice, in commenting
On his late excentricities. Perhaps this
is true. Bet we think, when a Republi-
can Senator uoteS and talks SO as to secure
the praise of the Albany Atlas and papers
of that stamp, it is time for the sentinels
of freedom to sound an alarm, When we
first read the record of Simon Cameron's
Y9te on the army bill we felt that he had
sod ogt tQ the enemy, but we shall take
the Era's advice and cultivate ga geper-
oqs confidence" as long as be shall give
any promise Of faithfuluess.
The Potter journal. [volume] (Coudersport, Pa.) 1857-1872, 1858-03-11
C!le 4lQtter youtnal,
COMPENSATORY, PA.
lOqfslag 4JoFNiqg, Nyareh Il, 1851
t. S. CHASE, EDITOR AND PUBLISHER.

- a<g- We welcome L. Rogers to the ed.
itorial chair of the M'Kean Citizen, and
are much pleased with his salutation
What he says about Lecompton and the
National Administration, las the true
metal in it; and we are led to hope that
Mr. Roge~s will make the Citizen wide
awake and efficient advocate Of the cause
Of freedom and right,
The Potter journal. [volume] (Coudersport, Pa.) 1857-1872, 1858-03-11

To--Iiorro'o (Friday,) } the. Winter Term
of The Coudersport Academy closes, The
Spring and Summer Term commences
April 9th. Those desiring to enroll their
names On its list Of students should make
application at once. 1t is a good place
for persons desiring to teach school next
Winter to fit themselves during the Sum
mcr and Fall.
The Potter journal. [volume] (Coudersport, Pa.) 1857-1872, 1858-03-11

gress voting for Lecompton would be
guilty Of moral treason.
1t also iudorscs Governor Packers
course, especially his inaugural address.
MARCH 6-In the Democratic State
Convention last night, VIM. A. Porter
was nominated for Supreme Judge; and
Westley Frost for Canal Commissioner
The Potter journal. [volume] (Coudersport, Pa.) 1857-1872, 1858-03-11
clubs of fouE or mare,


IEhe9 Maphaon, the Greek Physician
was slain, Homer said Of him, ga good
Physician is worth as much as q whole
army" Then a good medicine like 4yer's S
Cathartic Pil1s, is worth a great deal
more, because it cures as well, works wider
and lasts longer, while such a remedy is
available to all-can be had by every
body, and IS worth having.
The Potter journal. [volume] (Coudersport, Pa.) 1857-1872, 1858-03-11

row plows and drags. A man Iay as we'll
expect TO borrow his neighbqfs .tsnce to
put around his field, to save his crop
Evt mere in my next. Yours,
4 FRIEND TO PoTTEB.
The Potter journal. [volume] (Coudersport, Pa.) 1857-1872, 1858-03-11

The American Farmers Bagazine
(late Plough, Loon, and An0ii,) fol
March, is on our table. We regard it as
a frst-cIass Agricultural and Mechanical
periodical, and deserving of large pat.
ronage. 1t is published at New York
No, 7 Beekman St, byJ. a. NASH, at s.
per annqm to single subscribers; 81, SO
tc clubs of fouE or mare.
The Potter journal. [volume] (Coudersport, Pa.) 1857-1872, 1858-03-11
HOrk for The Month.

From an editorial in the 4n,ericap
Farmers Magaziae for March, entitled
"IIints to the Young Farmer" We ex.
tract the following excellent advice in
regard to
Fremont journal. [volume] (Fremont, Sandusky County [Ohio]) 1853-1866, 1858-05-14
AN ACT

No. 69. AN ACT
To provide for the Semi-annual Collection
of Taxes.
Section /. Be IL enacted Jg the General
assembly ofMs State Of Ohio, That each
person charged with any tax, on any tax
duplicate in the hands of any county treas
urer, may, at his option, instead Of paying
the whole amount of the taxes with which
he stands charged, by tho twentieth day of
December, as heretofore required to pay to
said treasurer on or before the said twentieth
day Of December, one-half of the tax for the
then current year with which he so stands
charged and the remaining half thereof, on
or before the twentieth day Of Juno next en-
suing.
Sec. ?. In every case whom the amount
Fremont journal. [volume] (Fremont, Sandusky County [Ohio]) 1853-1866, 1858-05-14
p. y. Fussclinnn.

Dealer in Stoves, Tin SheetIron, Copper-ware, Wash
boards, Pows, &c. have opened an entire new stock
in the Tyler Block Corner of Front and Croghan Streets
and shall be constantly receiving additions Particular
attention will he given to Jobbing and Repairing Of every
kind Call and see Oct. TO- 1897.
Fremont journal. [volume] (Fremont, Sandusky County [Ohio]) 1853-1866, 1858-05-14
Roberts a. sheIdsn.

Manufacturers of Copper Tin and SheetIron Ware and
Dealers in Stoves, Agricultural implements Stoves Rags,
Wool Hides Sheep-pels, Old Copper, Old Stoves, &c
All sorts of genuine Yankee Notions. Peases Brick
Block No l. Fremont, Ohio. May 90, 1854.
Fremont journal. [volume] (Fremont, Sandusky County [Ohio]) 1853-1866, 1858-05-14
Cnnacld & Brother.

Hardware Merchants All kinds of Iron and Steel ware
both American and Imported sold at Wholesale or Re
tail Every pattern Of Cook, Parlor Box Stoves. Ag-
ricultural and Farm Implements, Wooden-ware Cordage
Oils, Paints, &c, Belts Block No. 3 Fremont, Ohio
Fremont journal. [volume] (Fremont, Sandusky County [Ohio]) 1853-1866, 1858-05-14

Trains stop at stations marked only to leave passengers
Trains will stop at stations marked only TO leave pas
sengers, or to take them on signal being made
From Cleveand-All trains connect at Toledo directly
with trains of Michigan Southern Railroad for Chicago
and the West.
The $50 trains make direct connections with trains
for Detroit.
The $50 am, and GOO M, trains, connect at Tole
do with the Toledo Wabash and Western Railroad for
Fort Wayne Logansport Lafayette, Danvile Springfield
Naples, Alton, st. Louis, &c.
The $50 and 500 p. trains form direct
tons between Cleveland and Springfield, Dayton and
Cincinnati.
From Toledo all trains connect at Cleveland with trains
of the Cleveland and Erie road for the East.
The 1000 train, connects at Sandusk with trains
of Mansfield Sadusky Railroad for Mansfield, Pitts
burgh, &c.
The 1000 am, and $50 m trains, connect at Clyde
with Sandusky Dayton Cincinnati Railroad for Cincin-
natl, Dayton, &c.
Trains also connect Mt Cleveland with Cleveland and
Pittsburgh r. r., for Pittsburgh Philadelphia, Bati-
more, &c. E. b. PHILLIPS, Sup't
Office G. 4 7. Railroad, I
Cleveland, May e,1s5s. janI, 1851
Fremont journal. [volume] (Fremont, Sandusky County [Ohio]) 1853-1866, 1858-05-14
March %, 1855.

mo, 40 AN ACT
To enable both parties to testify in suit pending before the
taking effect of the code of civil procedure to which
corporations parties.
Sec. l. Be IL enacted by the General Assembly of the
State Of Ohio, That in pending in any OF the
courts Of this state, to which corporation is party
which were pending when the code Of civil procedure took
effect and in which the directors stockholders Of such
corporation competent witnesses for said corpora
ton the other party parties to said suit shall also
competent to testify witnesses for themselves when
called other party to the suit any law rule prae-
tice heretofore existing to the contrary notwithsandng
Sec. This act shall take effect and shall be In force
from and after the date Of its passage
WILLIAM y. WOODS,
Speaker Of the House Of ReBreseMtafiUss.
MARTIN WELKER,
President Of the Senate.
April 8, 1858
Fremont journal. [volume] (Fremont, Sandusky County [Ohio]) 1853-1866, 1858-05-14
B. ]. BARTLETT & SON.

A TT0RNEYS AT LAW, have removed their Office to
IN the second story of Minis new building, over f..
bernhsms Clothing Store. a-F- Entrance on Croghan
Street All business entrusted to them will be carefully
attended to. Il. u BARTLETT,
Fremont, Nov "a 1856. J. r. BARTLETT.
Fremont journal. [volume] (Fremont, Sandusky County [Ohio]) 1853-1866, 1858-05-14
y. Il. Greene,
BuckIand 4 Everett,

Attorney at Law; will attend to all business entrusted
40 his oiceNims Block, Corner of Croghan and
Main Streets Fremont, Ohio.
Fremont journal. [volume] (Fremont, Sandusky County [Ohio]) 1853-1866, 1858-05-14

Attorneys and Counsellors Mt Law, and Solicitors in
Chancery will attend to professional business and Land
Agency in Sandusy and adjoining counties. Office, End
story Buckland's Block Fremont.
II. p. BUCKIAND. HOMER EVERETT.
Fremont journal. [volume] (Fremont, Sandusky County [Ohio]) 1853-1866, 1858-05-14

indianapolis, heretofore largely Demoora-
tic has wheeled into limo and thrashed I.e-
compton out Of the city. efia-y aAs'it
Fremont journal. [volume] (Fremont, Sandusky County [Ohio]) 1853-1866, 1858-05-14
B F E "a ID
is THE STAFF OF LIFE

TO hare Good Bread you mast hare Good FLOUR
TNHEREFoRE patronize the CRoGHAN MILLS FLOUR
STORE, where always be found the best brands OF
Flour in town, at Wholesale or retail
Flour made from selected pure White Wheat
Flour from the best Red Wheat also Graham, Buck
wheat and Rye Flour, Corn Meal, Feed, &C.
We also have SALT by the Barrel, Sack or Pound.
II Our Express is hand to deliver all purchases to
any part OF the Corporation. Try and you will be
sure TO come again. o, W. VALLErTE co.
yrsuont March, 1888 eH
Fremont journal. [volume] (Fremont, Sandusky County [Ohio]) 1853-1866, 1858-05-14
Original Quttru.
WY HOWE IN TIE wrsr,

MY HOME IN THE WEST.
NOLLiE ROTH.
SWEET is the perfume the flowers
That bloom around our cot
The lilly, and the jasmine,
And sweet forget-me-not
The deer comes bounding by our door,
Al morn or broad MONDAY,
And In the groves, just by the lake,
He crops tho brchsn spray.
The red mans trail winds round the bluff
Aud by the calm lakes shore;
But hushedi is now the fearful cry,
The war-whoop rings moro.
! love my home, my peaceful home,
Ny cottage in the West;
But still my hearts whispering,
love old Buckeye best.
love Wisconsn's sunny skies,
Hove her brcezos bland;
But ah, they not to my heart
Like thee, my native land
LIBERTY soHooL House., March 1o, 1853.
Fremont journal. [volume] (Fremont, Sandusky County [Ohio]) 1853-1866, 1858-05-14
March 81, 1858.

mo 3O.1 AN ACT
To amend the eighth section of entitled an act
exempt the Homestead of families from forced sale on
execution TO pay debts passed March 28, 1850.
Section BE enacted By the General 4ssembiv of the
state q Ohio That the eighth section of the entitled
an act TO exempt the homestead Of families from forced
sale on execution to pay dehts passed March 23d 1880
be SO amended as to read follows Sec g. That 1t shall
be lawful for any resident Of Ohio being the head Of
family, and not the owner of homestead, to hold
exempt from execution sale aforesaid, perso-
nal property to be selected by person. not exceeding
three hundred dollars in value in addition to the chattel
property now by law exempted The value Of said proper
ty to be estimated and appraised by two disntereed
househoders Of the county to be selected by the officer
holding the execution who shall be by said officer
impartlally to make such appraisement
Sec;2 The said original section eight Is hereby re-
pealed.
Sec D. This act shall not apply to affect judgments OF
orders which have been be rendered upon
made before spasssge but all such payments and
shall be subject TO the exemptions and governed by tn
provisions of the original section eight In this same man
ner and to the extent If this act had not beoi
passed.
sec.4 This act shall take efoct upon its passage.
WILLIAM B. WOODS,
Speaker Of the House Of Repressatatirss.
MARTIN WELKER,
. PresidsHt Of the SeHate,
Fremont journal. [volume] (Fremont, Sandusky County [Ohio]) 1853-1866, 1858-05-14
DIR. B. h. TAB EM {,
ss DENTIST.

NIIIrIy AFTER HAVING HAD SEVEN YEARS E1rERI-
ence besides going through regular in the Pha
dephia College of Dental Surgery feel competent to per-
form all operations pertaining to Dentistry in the
skifu manner. also prepare and refine all of my Gold
and Silver plates and make all kinds Of block and single
teeth r the natural all operations oarrdnied
to gipe satisfaction, charges made. Consultation
free. onice with DR.. Failing in Shomos Block, opposite
Roberts & Sheldon.
\. b. Wedding, Visiting and business Cards furnished
and marked at the shortest possible notice.
Fremont, Dec. o, 1857. 47y
Fremont journal. [volume] (Fremont, Sandusky County [Ohio]) 1853-1866, 1858-05-14
LA WIS OF OHIO.
PUBLISHED by AUTHORITY.

CNo. 26.1 AN ACT
To amend section Of entitled an act for the ap
pointment Of certain officers therein named passed
February II, 1881.
Section BE IL enacted by the general assembly Of s
State Of Ohio, That section three Of act entitled an act
for the appointment Of certain officers therein named
passed February H. 1881 be amended as to read as fol-
lows; Sec g. That the sheriff Of any county may sppolnt
in term time or vacation, deputies to be APP
proved 10y judge of the court of pleas of
county and the oath which such deputy required take
by the fifth section Of this act may be administered by
any officer authorized to administer oahs, within sucn
county Tie recorder of any county may also appoint
deputy to be approved by the court of common pleas
such county, and the auditor of county NAV appont
depuy, to be approved by the commissioners of such
county, provided that the court county commissioners
Gas the case may be be satisfied that the duties of recorder
or auditor require such deputy.
Sec This act shall take effect and be in force from
and after its passage.
WILLIAM b. WOODS
Speaker Of the House Of Repressataiiuss
MARTIN WEIKER.
President Of the Senate.
Fremont journal. [volume] (Fremont, Sandusky County [Ohio]) 1853-1866, 1858-05-14
DCniStrY.

z. ]. C0NGER, DENTAL SURGEON respectfully tenders
his professional services the citizens of Fremont vi
inity Teeth inserted pivot gold silver plate and
IN the neatcstmanner. IT. Office in Sharp and Shomo's
Building, front room up-staifs.
Fremont, April Is, 1856.
Fremont journal. [volume] (Fremont, Sandusky County [Ohio]) 1853-1866, 1858-05-14
SrANzAs TO A DEPARrING FRIEND

STAN2AS TO A DEPAHTING FRIEND.
GILMORE
oH the sad anguish of my heart
When first heard that we must part,
Perhaps to meet
But II no earth we meet
hope mny at Jesus feet
To worship and adore.
And when tho waking the morn
Shall bring to mind thy gracefulforn,
Ny heart will then repinc,
To think that'thou art far away,
Perhaps to make a lengthy stay
But still thou art not mine.
Thy words gentle the light
ofmoonbeams peering through the night,
Enchanting as it seems,
The hearts of those who gather round
To hear their gentle cheering sound
As on their ear it CLEANS.
Oil soft and mild thy beaming eye,
And bright the blue ETHEREAL sky,
Which, pendent DER our hosd,
Seems looking down to help admire
Thy gracile form in rich attire,
While Ger the earth you tread.
Methinks hear thy silyery voice,
Which always makes my heart rejoice
Whenever thou art nigh.
Oh! let me hear it once again,
Twill be link in friendships chain,
T win soothe the parting sigh,
Thine image twines around my heart
And makes me think ne'er can part
From so good and true;
But then the thought occurs to mind,
Thou rt leaving other friends behind
That likewise love thee too,
When far away and all alons,
! hope you will remember one
Who still remembers thee;
When zophyrs play around thy door,
And thou art on some distant shore,
wilt thou remember mel
And II perchanc again meet,
T will be my utmost joy to greet
And cid, remembered friend;
For thou hast charms exceeding far
Tho gold ofCalifornia's shore,
Which ne'erin life shall end.
Then l will brush away the tear,
| And to the laws Of God adhere,
Which binds us like SPELL
We'llhope to meet again ere long
| And sing our old familiar song;
| So do not say farewell.
BALLyILLE, April 80, 1858.
Fremont journal. [volume] (Fremont, Sandusky County [Ohio]) 1853-1866, 1858-05-14

AupIroR's OFFICE, Sandusky Co., 9.
FREMoNT, May IA, 1858.
] hereby certify that the foregoing are
copies Of the laws above named, on
Gle at my Office.
WM. Il. HAYNES, Asiditor.
Fremont journal. [volume] (Fremont, Sandusky County [Ohio]) 1853-1866, 1858-05-14
&k@E
Cleveland and Toledo Railroad.

SUMNER ARRANGEMENT.--O and after Monday, MAY
10, 1858, trains will run follows
SOUTHERN DIVISION, via Norwalk.-Goiag Hest, Daily
Except Sunday.
Fremont journal. [volume] (Fremont, Sandusky County [Ohio]) 1853-1866, 1858-05-14
WHITE FIs H!

r HAVE FIFTY BARRELS of White Fish which will
exchange for Pork Gall At my Wholesale Grocery on
Front street. p CLOSE.
March %. 1888. ek
Fremont journal. [volume] (Fremont, Sandusky County [Ohio]) 1853-1866, 1858-05-14
DR. S. p. SHORT. DENTIST.

OEee nth Or. Gessner, epp0sls ths Post ONee
& HAVING HAD OVER IS YEARS Ex-
eLIr1IY PERlENcl;, OF Wick lie PRAcTCED IN TUE
CRY OF CLEVELAND, he feels confidence in his ability
to render that aid to his patients which the nature of the
science demands. p DR.. Short has had great expert
ence in the treatment OF the Irregularities Of Chdren
testh. Fremont Dec. 4, 1857.
Fremont journal. [volume] (Fremont, Sandusky County [Ohio]) 1853-1866, 1858-05-14

SECRETARY OF SrATE's OFFIcE,
COLUMBUS. April 81, 1858.
l hereby certify that the foregoing act isa
true copy of the original roll now on file in
this office. A. P. RUSSELL,
Secretary of State.
Green-Mountain freeman. [volume] (Montpelier, Vt.) 1844-1884, 1858-11-11

BLACK VERSION. The legend concerning
the colour of Adams and Ewes skin, and the
causes of different varieties of shade and COM
plexlon now observable among men, are more
numerous than the varieties themselves. The
following, which takes it for granted that all
the inhabitants of the earth, before the Deluge,
weoe black, and attributes these varieties to the
sons of Noah, is new to us. and may, perhaps,
amusc some of our readers:
Noah" say the black Marabouts, was en-
tirely black. His three sons were also quite as
black as their father. One day, when Noah
knew that his life would soon end. he showed
his sons a pit, partly filled with water, which he
said had the property of completely transform
ing any one that lcaped into it. For moment
they all hesitated, but Japhet suddenly rose and
plunged into it, and almost as suddenly reap
peared from the magical water under the form
of handsome young Caucasian. Shem, seeing
this eagerly followed his example hut to his
astonishment, the water had disappeared, and
only few ripe lemons were at tho bottom.
With the juice of these he rubbed his skin, and
issued from the pit not black, but of an Indian =
copper color. Ham then took courage, and
with one bound, reached the bottom of the nit
on his hands and feet. Frantic at the disap-
pcarance of the water, he put his lips 10 the
ground to suck up the few remaining drops Of
the lemen juice; thence it happens that the
palms of the hands, the soles of the feet. and
the lips of the negro race are of the same COD.
perry color as the skin of Shem."
Green-Mountain freeman. [volume] (Montpelier, Vt.) 1844-1884, 1858-11-11
go -

How CoFFE CANE TO BE UsED.-lt is some
what singular to trace the manner in which
arose the use of the common beverage, coffee,
without which few persons, in any half or
wholly civilized country in the world, would
seem hardly able to exist At the time Colum-
bus discovered America it had never been
known or used. 1t only grew in Arabia and
upper Ethiopia. The discovery of its use as a
beverage is ascribed to the superiority of amonas-
terry, in Arabia, who desirous of preventing the
monks from sleeping at their nocturnal services
made them drink the infusion of coffee, upon
the report of some sheperds, who observed that
their focks, were more lively after browsing
on the fruit of that plant. Its reputation
spread through the adj jlcont counties, and in
about 200 years it reached Paris. A singh
plant brought there in l7l4, became the parent
stock of all the French coffee plantations in tho
West Indies. The extent Of the consumption
can now hardly be realized The United States
alone annually consume it at the cost of it
landing of from fifteen to sixteen millions o
dollars. You may know the Arabia or Mocha
the best coffee, by its small bean of dark yel
low color. The Java and East Indian, the mex
in quality, are larger and of IL paler yellow
The West Indian Rio has blush or grsenish
gray tint.
Green-Mountain freeman. [volume] (Montpelier, Vt.) 1844-1884, 1858-11-11

AMERICAN GENERALs.-Was Washington was sur
veyor, and, in after life, Il farmer" Expressive
silence muse his praise" Knox was book
binder and stationer. Morgan Che of the
Cowpens) was drover, Tarleton got from him
sound lecture Oh that subject, Greene was
blacksmith, and wthal Quaker albeit,
through all his Southern campaigns, and par
ticularly at the Eutaw Springs, he put off the
outward man. Arnold was grocer and pro-
vision storekeepet, in New Haven, where his
sign is still to bo seen--thc same that decorated
his shop before the Revolution. Gates who
opened Burgoync's eyes to the fact that he
could not " march through the United States
with five thousand men, was a $ regular built
soldier but after the Revolution, q farmer.
Warren the martyr of Bunker Hill, was ply
scian; and hesitated not to exhibit to his coun-
trymen splendid example of the manner in
which American physicians should practice when
called upon by their country Marion, the
" Swamp Fox of the South, was a cowboy.
Sumpter, the " Fighting Cock " of South Car
olina, was shepherd boy.