davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
New-York daily tribune., 1858-04-01

In Morrisania, Mr. Csuhweil, the preeent Supervi-
sor an Anti Ixcompton Democrat and political friend
Of the Hon. John B. Haskin lin whose Congressional
District the town is located, was reelected by
iaity cf7l2 voes over his opponent Jas. b. Parsta,
who received only 80 votes-the Republicans manly
voting for Nj. Caudwen.
7, the town of West Farms of which Mr.. Hisku is
resdeut there we're three candidates for Supervisor
in the fed. viz: Lewis G.. Morris Lecompton Demo
crat John Busting, Anti Lecompton Denc rat, aud
David Mliken, Republican. The struggle resulted in
favor of Mr.. Bussing, many Republicans voting for
him in order to insure the defeat of the Lecompton
candidate in whose behalf the Administration used its
powerful inhueLce. Mr.. Bussing received POI vO!es
Mr. Morris pa aud Mr. Milliken leo votes. Notwtl-
staudng the contest carried with much spirit in
both Morrisania and Wes. Farms. everything passed
off very quietly and peaceaby.
In Ossining. George A. Brandreth esq., who has
publicly acknowledged his opposition TO the l'ecoml-
ton swindle, was reelected Supervisor.
In New.Rocheile, the Lecomptonites, after their
grand rally, succeeded in casting 40 votes for ther can
dds,e for Supervisor John B. Cnderhill; and the
American candidate, Peter j. Sherwood, received =!
vote- while Tbaddeus Davids, the present incumbent.
who ia understood to be decidedly An'i-Lecompou, Ie-
ceived 23j votes, being msor,y of l6S votes ever
both tie other candidates.
In Mamaroneck. owing to an adroty managed
"tlick Of the enemy" the present incumbent, John
Morrill, the Lecompon candidate, slipped in by ms
jny of 30 votes over bis opponent, VIM. o. Ward.
In Rye, Mr.. Marshall the present Supervisor, who
is generally believed to be opposed to the Lecompton
frauds was unanimously elected no opposition caad-
date being brought forward against him. In West
chAer there were three candidates in the field until
tho pight before the election, when Mr.. Abraham Hat
field the present incumbent, withdrew and caused the
tickets to be destroyed, leaving Denton Pearsal the
Le,empton candidate and d. L. Laurence, the candi-
6ute of the Americans and Republicans, as the con.
testants. Mr.. Pea1sal backed by the Administration,
received majority Of twelve votes out OF 1872, the
number cast,
New-York daily tribune., 1858-04-01

Fr,nI !. CmHcn sIRur-A MAJ Sf,nniD.--A
Gisiurbanc. took pace about ~ O'Clock lat night, m
the sooery store Of Church and WAX" streets.
dur.ng which William KObler, a German was sevoSa
tin es stsbbed in the bead and face with kns N tho
HANDS cf y0urg man canned Andrew Shaw.
Tie quarrel originated in charge Of theit, made ~
Koh'er esain-t Shaw, who, though only 10 yea" I"
aye awcr-kno.n rowdy of the Fifth Ward.
Tie ss-hrs IL fic,ed upon Koher, though n1meeoas
aud Deep were not sidered OF serious nsue, and
he WIS able % proceed to bis home, at No. u Bow'
cry. Shaw wa locked up in the Fifth Precinct STA
ton nIIouse.
New-York daily tribune., 1858-04-01

MraDEs AT CoLLLcE ,ousy,c,.sut1I.
Pa''aSc.crSs;;a ~ T'T jeans 'rcm gentleman sso
came rom Newark, Newcss,.o "ounty. 81. d., taas
-hocsiDg nfrsy a;d lomicide occurred at the Com
sncemeut Of Delaware College, which took place
Trcsday. 1t appears that number Of the Sudeuts
became involved in fight, and in the course Of tho
iracas, a member II the graduating class, named
Roche, hom Sonerret County, Mo-, was stabbed. and
instantly killed Some ak seven of the parlo pants
in the fight yefe arrested, charged with the homicide.
We understand tnst the fight grew cut Of bur
'esque esh btion got up in imitation Of the sdiress
tie Sectors and Junicrs By the Sophomore Class
i, customary at msny Of our colleges. Mr.. Roche
We stabbed in tie reck. The affair threw gesefL
gloom over the oolegs and the village and The Com
II, ,nctneLt exercises passed on in very dGll Insn-
ter. BeCk's Band bad gone down from the City ~
pay at tie exeicises, but their teyices not put
N lequi-i, 90. M. Kocie il said 70 have beea
Oupg gentleman q fine abilities He cue OF tho
.Ieakers Of the graduating class and the subject Of
b.. addTe-s YVES announced On tie programme ~
Departed Glory"
New-York daily tribune., 1858-04-01

BrRsI:C OF InE SrEANtg L,As,yILtg.--A ds.
patch TO Tie LomstWe Conriey, dated Memphis,
March 25 says:
The White packet Evsns,ille, Capt Baird, on
her way 20 Memphis, caught fire in the hold yestsr-
Gay eyCsiOg The , hLs re- ", "" comm un
the offcer- and turning the steam into the hold, The
flames were suppressed and the boat saved
1t was thought the heat Of the ,team and IRE weak
cred The 9nards. and when the boat was in Whisky
Chute in TIE Mississippi ooe guard broke Of, pre-
c;n,s,n thirty bales OF cotton into the river carry
no oyeIbosld three deck passengers, who were
drowned. The boat reached Memphis, but left ooe
one Of tie clerks and a Dumber ot tho crew behind
~ nick up the coltOr
New-York daily tribune., 1858-04-01

20 as 20 beccue p&,skSs I, la grace tsoS <,os14
follow Liza eIarCe, Ttere psedej n scc powers -
inv 20 be eoAbed to REQ. ,i-e tLs opcs hsA
OF God. 1he simge. a. 5000 as The of lrsnscs.-
dect n.elisot, might zee e nesIirg e II. To sosts
oofy bt pesty OF heart ard sprit wtlne 10 10 No
x,rk of God. II oonclusioo tte Bishep SPOKE Of ks
recessi,y of rrsrs following ths great az; gooI sx An
Tts sofemn r.e OF Confirmation wss thea adainis.sr-
,d sftes which ths corgresstou eeparatsd.
New-York daily tribune., 1858-04-01
BOARD OF ALDERMEN.

The Board Of Aldermen met last evening, President
CTANCY In the chair.
a communication wss received from the Mayor,
calling iHLtiQp ~ an act 70 legalze contract for
cleaning the streets Of ttjs city for i've years at
1914 Geo year, now before the Legislature, and re-
ccmmending the passage Of a resolution directing the
Corporation Counsel to remonetrate against the pss
sage Of the said act The resolution was adopted and
the communication was ordered 70 be printed in the
minutes report was received in favor Vt renting
building on the corner Of Pesr and Centre streets TOR
the ue Of the Second District Civil Court at The reGt
oi 800 year. The report was adopted.
A report wac received sLt ordered 70 be printed IN
relation to the sanitary condition OF the station
Houses The report states that many OF them are IN
very bad condition. and recommends that they be l-
proved and, where found becesssry that soms new
oues be erected.
The report4 ard substitute in relation 70 improving
the Russ pavement in Broadway came up as ;pecd
e.der
Ala. TICKER moved as substitute resolution
sutLo, zi1s the CrotOn Aqueduct Board 70 complete
The work ID accordance with the sample ID front of
Grace Church.
The PREsIDEsT decided the aubstitute out Of order
Az il would be a violation Of the Charter.
Adj TUCKER appealed, and the decision was gus
tanned bya vote Of TO T. The specifications allowing
the gentlemen who have presented plans O feet each
70 b9.e them tested, were then adopted.
Tho Board then adjourned to Monday evening next.
New-York daily tribune., 1858-04-01

"pci.:c,Ans chad fsrsA ther odireeee<iss ssi otag
ssIive to beneht their county
A gentleman in the Background desired Information
ss 70 the exact cate when the great prosperity is to
begin. upce which polrt the spras declined to ss'fy
him, though they ts!ked good whls
Mrs. Hatch prayed.
The meeting adjourned
New-York daily tribune., 1858-04-01
ASSEMBLY


M LAW Inesented the annual report cf the " ste
Agricultural Society. "
Mr. BEACH preeer ted the auausl report Of the
AnCricsn Institute. .
The third reedi7g Of bills wr 9rocee1ed "th' es
the special oider.
BILLS LOST.
To provide public education BY creating State
schOlarehps
Bill IN amend the act relative TO excise money.
The SPEAKER named the followi lg as Grinding
Committee: I. Jones, jr., Moore. Howell, suther-
Austin Law, Haggerty, Lord Abbott McNett and Van
Osman. -, IL. :;
Nev-York leased by steamboat lines was taken up
Mr. DELANEY moved to recomnit the bill
Mesfrs. LYNCH and ENGS spoke agaost the bin
and Messrs. T. JONES, jr and SMII in favor OF IT,
The motion to recommit was then lost and the bill
peseed by 90 TO III. - -
The bill to authorize the leasing oi 'hs Crysta' fa'-
ace, York, was lost.
AFTERNOON SESSION.
BILLS PASSED.
To provide for the Opening OF certain streets tie
To provide for the immediate repair and recon
structiOn Of roads aud bridges wherever damaged or
destroyed
To incorporate the Pure Milk Company.
To amend the act relative TO the distribution Of In
dian aDnues.
BILLS RECoAaiTTFD.
To incorporate the Hudson and Harlem Rivers Canal
Company.
Ts incorporate the New-Y York Loan Relief Company.
Bill to prohbitthe supply of stationery to Reporters
Lost by % toH.
EVENING SESSION.
BILLS PASSED.
To authorize the clerks of the Courts Of Records to
take Acknowledgements. &c.
To modify the Exemption law in regard to dones-
tics wages.
To make the Executive Department department
Of record and to fix the salaries OF Governor, Secre-
tary, Clerks, &c.
To extend the Mechanics Lien aw to all the oout-
ties in the State except New York and Erie.
The bill TO repeal the Building Association sct was
Gent back TO the Committee.
The bill to legalize certain acts of the New-York
Common Council in relation to street cleanh g con-
tracts coming up.
Mr. ENGS moved to recOmDit the bill when the
previous question was called. After q debate, the
bill lost by 80 10 Gj and the motion to reconsider
was laid on the table.
To amend the act for the benefit OF married women
nsuring the lives of their husbands by taking off the
limit of the amount insured when the premium is paid
out of the money belonging to the wife.
Tie bill requiring members of the Legislature to be
residents of tie districts from which they are returned
was lost. Also motion to reconsider was lost.
A number of priv ate bills were then passed, when
Assembly, at l0l, adjourned.
New-York daily tribune., 1858-04-01
The Casc of TOllnshend.

MIRRuTsvILY, G. W., March 81 lSJS.
Th defense in the case of TouDshend, commenced
to-day. The witnesses that the prisoner is not
Tounshepd freely the witnesses swear that he is
The greatest sstonshment prevails.
New-York daily tribune., 1858-04-01
Election of Railroad Officers.

PITTsBrRCH, Wednesday March 81, ISjS.
An election was held today for the Pittsburgh;
Foi Wayne aud Chicsgo Railroad Company, and the
regulss,y pOminsted ticket elected 10y arge ma
iority a. follows.
O. w Csa J. Edgar Thomson. w. Robinson it, w. Wade,
Pepvsyvu John Fsrp. q. W. Bailey G. NJ Russell R1b,.
nfoKe.y Ohio SAMUEL Hannah. j. K Edsertoa. !. l.. Wi
lisns A Wheeler Indiana John Evans, ". Il. Ogden,
Ulit ois R. W. " iusow, New York.
New-York daily tribune., 1858-04-01
Democratic Meeting in Chicago.

CHICAGO, Wednesday, March 81, l&s
The meeting held last night for the purpose OF IN
dorsinp the Administration was failure. The Anti
Lecomptonites were in majority, and refused to hear
apy speeches in defense of the Administration.
New-York daily tribune., 1858-04-01

Tx CERNASs ~ KAssAs.-It must afford Us great
abstraction that among eight h0ssard Germans who
now iesice in that Territory, no. one hundred b<osg
10 the Pro Slavery party. But we are particularly
plsssed that, among our liberal countrymeD. tho
T'H,H,rs, this yarguald VI the Amy Of Freedom arc
prominent by their al ard their energy fr the good
cause.
The German ciiizens have joined, with force OF
500 mep, the Company OF Turner'S, 20 that there a
now standing well armed German battalion OF 10
rnusketf. urder tie command OF Capt. Hass they
preserve toe German command. aud wll IN fa!urs
I3,l,,S,s (tL, YaN 3tst.
New-York daily tribune., 1858-04-01
The Virginia Legislature.

RICHMOND, Wedaeeday, March 81 I85o.
The Legislature has passed the Bank bill, after
amending L 30 as to require the bank to res line specs
payment on the LIST Of May.
New-York daily tribune., 1858-04-01
Eface..

- The young Princess Royal Of England is efecting
a quiet little revolution Of her own in ths fearfully
st style that formerly kept the Court CIRCLE of Berlin
in a state of automatic petIfaction. and royal high
nesses, lades-n- ailirg and chambe,lains are now
seer,tc smile ard look happy, just q, il they wsro
really human beings lie ocer Psop''
New-York daily tribune., 1858-04-01
The NeW-OrleanS, Jackson and
(:reat Northern Railroad.

JACKSON, Mies., Wednesday, March 81 I'58.
The New Orleans, jackson and Great Notherh
Railroad is iust completed. There is great rejoicing
among the people here in consequence of it, and they
are celebrating the event by firing Of cannon, &c.
New-York daily tribune., 1858-04-01

,,se 80 ,v,s ,acn,cd-Ye.s 90. Nays2i.
Mr.. EULEE Fla ea'd nc Nv na tbe aubiect uatl to-
90 offer, but moved TO Posf
morrow. das.rons 10 take vote
Sewers Se1etoss ss,ats dpaly went into Executive
SeS"eS s6errsrd adjourned.
New-York daily tribune., 1858-04-01
Destructive Fire i'm III Harrisburg.

HARRISBURG, Pa, Wednesday, March 81 1888.
Dr. Dewits Presby Church in this city, toge-
ther with four adjacent dwellings, were destroyed by
ire last night.
New-York daily tribune., 1858-04-01
NAVIGATION on Lake Erie.

DUSRIRK, Wednesday, March 81 1873
Navigation is open between Dunknk and the vest
erp portsof Lake Erie. TIE New York and Erie Rail
roed propeller Gov. Cusaman arrived here from Cleye-
land this afternoon ard the propeller Oleon ot the
same line left for Toledo.
New-York daily tribune., 1858-04-01
The Portsmouth Murder Case.

PORTSMOUTH, n. ii Wednesday, March 81, 1913
keIs, W. Downing was auaigned TO dsy, charged
~ith the murder Of Mrs. Sarah A. Spinney. He
waived "a exsninston and was committed 10 jsiIt
awsit a.s tTial ~ October neat.
New-York daily tribune., 1858-04-01
The Ohio River.

CNGSNATI, Wednesday, March 81, 1873
The water in the channel OF the river this point
" " measures ten feet, but is falling.
LOUISVILLE, Ky, Wednesday, March 81 lSjS
The iiver AZ the Fails hero measures six feet but is
falling.
New-York daily tribune., 1858-04-01
From Albany.

ALBANY, Wednesday, March 81, lSS.
Tie Americans and Republicans met this afternoon
10 endeavor to unite on charter officers, but have not
Concluded upon anything as yet.
New-York daily tribune., 1858-04-01
NETWORK LEGssLATURE.
SENATE....ALnasr. March 81. 1853.

y n. Vt. -.
Tho s late oousidered the tpcc, Il oriex being Mr.
STOW 5 I'll TO remrDss tos on railroadA
Immediately after the reading OF the journal. Mr..
STOW occupied the time cf the Senate f.. threc
hours, IA sn able end ellqucnt srguGen in favor Ct
the bill. At the Conclusion cf ais s,Secb the Senate
made the bu the srecIsl order for Saturday at Il
O'tloCk.
Tie Senate a now consdering, in Committee of the
Whole. the bill TO amor the Revised Statutes rels-
I've 10 the Harb Dor Masters Of New York.
EVENING SESSION.
Mr.. NIXON, from the Committee Of Eight, reported
large number Of bils of loo al Lature.
Mr.. ELY, By consent introduced a bill to amend
the law, relative to the Superior Court 10 the Cty Of
NewYork II authorizes the Governor to appoint, III
case Of a vacancy.
Mr.. BRANDEETII. By consent. iitrNiuc ed bill
TO FIX the salaries of the clerks Of the several State
oficcrs.
The Senate then. in Committee Of the Whole, con.
sidered the general ders, which were mostly Claim
bills.
New-York daily tribune., 1858-04-01
Fire at Dubuque, Iowa.

DrBrqUE, Iowa, Wednesday, March II, lo5s;
The Merchants Hotel of this city was destroyed by
fire last night. Ltss $4,000; insured $4,000.
New-York daily tribune., 1858-04-01
The Ice I'm tI,e 81. Lawrence.

MONTREAL Wednesday, March 81, lS5s.
TIE ice opposite the city is breaking up, and the
river will soon be clear altogether.
New-York daily tribune., 1858-04-01
7oWs PLEc7IonS IN WESTCHEsTER.

In tweo.y Of tie twenty four tovIs OF "estche-tsr
Cou.ty a. tie elactics on Tue sday lat fo' Town o
ce,s, the following named gcntismea were elected
Suno,vyors for the ensuing year:
New-York daily tribune., 1858-04-01
Western Navigation.

DrSXIRK, n. T., Wednesday, March 81. 1913.
Navigation is open between this and the Western
ports The propeller Ole an left for Cleveland Ssndus
Ky end Toledo at p. IN to day. The propeller GOV.
Cushmans now coming into the hsrborirom Cleveland
New-York daily tribune., 1858-04-01
{ asIo A,


OF III, amount, $50 49, t. Board ha, paid for expenses
injured under orgaUizson above stated AsI%o H. esv
us bsA-c f9i8 81 70 be PAID b the Tslrad aud steam
that much short meeting the expenses for which was
pIoydcd. -, - - d, ,L..
Board and the caer the railroad ald steamboat coupans
doiua u,rcs. Castle Garden affords full so'~e to such
contained in the correspondence ot Ih kis
o. the effect tbst admitted thai
srr $4,000 yearly had been paid by tho
aosd compauie. the privilege o selling tickets "hIn Castle
Gsrd u.
The ms thus xpended may D. thou st XtTsvasen, By rson'
goIt number no have arrived Hhd been
landed this August 8J snd by uus quaint
with the mig busn iEd the mode IN VIII n II mas Dreh
cordrCt and tho Il frauds Itrad on the enisf1t
gears; bat Committee DO not consider them 1n'
~ rssonsby srg".
Tbe Iun er aud boadiu ghou.- Ter- who pe ou'y %
the opeeng Castle Garden aLdng depot had robbed the
OF almost with imPuIty hnds their
ooTts in that way frustrated by this Institution, adopted
yey u,esus that srted rspacy could devise 10 destroy t.
Actions law commenced, the Common Council wa be-
public meetings 3esoy the rre wee called On the
Bait and failing in all these ehorts attempts were made 20
beard The vessels their from Quarantine TO the
civ and thus perpetuste th. pundens .ystm All nch At
Tempt tc meet and put c0w iEd "hIcH mas
:. zen DONE but n without involving great expense.
ia addition Committee would stat" that 3lOpO eDi
spt. d in steamboats, snd bges at the expense
OF the Depot keep them from runners since Aug 1892 ot
viii number only f9 81 ought tickets at Castle Garden
Tie belarcc 8 epoyed the protection o the Garden bu.
aoiug interior rom the city had purchased Their cket
ia Rutope bought them in the city away from the Gsden
~ (which il respectfully submitted.
New-York daily tribune., 1858-04-01

Weather RepOrS.-MAKcH g.
the Ess.cn. Western Northern and Southern Line.-OHc-
No. Il Wal
New-York daily tribune., 1858-04-01
CONFIRMATION AT ST. PETERS CHURCH

On Wednesday The Right Reverend Provisional
Bishop PoTTEE administered the apostolic rite OF
St. Peters Church, in TweI,ieth street between
Eighth and Ninth avenues. There wss very large
corgres alton present. After the usual preliminary
devotional exercises, the Bishop preached sermon
from tie second chapter Of the Episte Of st. Paul to
the Philippians, and the fifth verse: Let this mind
be in you which was also in Christ Jesus"
1h.s the Bishop said was precept expressed in
very few words, bet comprehensive 10 the simplest
mind. Christ exhibited devotion. patience and kind,
ness toward sirners, and thinking for ohers he ced
on the orcss for tie redemption ofttanssre.sts G3d
gave his ouy Son a. a sacrifice for mar. Men shcu.i
10 ppitsd " Chst by faith ia and tasongh hs caVrco
New-York daily tribune., 1858-04-01

Mr.. c. j. Warren. the eaici,ri Property Ciesk q
the Police Commissioner has iust presented his hrs<
eIoit. which is II. OF Interesting data Th' tsH -
the docume AZ - as follows:
Litchfield enquirer., 1858-02-25
Ayers Cherry Pectoral.
on. 7HE RAPID CURE OF

ToUGHS, Colds, Hoarseness, Influenza. Bron. " chitis, Whooping Cough, Group, Asthma. In- cipient Consumption and for the relief of consrmn tive patients i'll advanced stages of the disease.
 We need not speak to the public of it's yirtues = throughout every town, and almost every hamlet of the American States its wonderful cures of nnImona " complaints have made it already known Nav few are the families in any civilized country on tb; continent without some personal experience of ;,s effects; and fewer yet the communities anvwbere winch have not among them some living trophy of It's victory over the subtle and dangerous diseases the throat and lungs. While it is the most powerful antidote yet known to man for the formidable and dangerous diseases of the pulmonary organs. it is also the pleasanest and safest remedy that can he employed for infants and young persons Parents should have 1t i'll store against the nsidous enemy that steals upon them unprcpared We have abuni- ant grounds to believe the CHERRY PEcToRAL saves more lives by the consumptons prevents than those it cures Keep it by you, and cure your colds while they are curable, nor neglect them until no human skill can master the memorable canker that fastened on the vitals, eats your life away.
 All know the dreadful fatality of uno d;sorders and as they know too the virtues of this remefv s need not do more than assure them it is still made the best it can be. We spare no cost, no care, m toll to produce it the most perfect possible and tbns afford those who rely it the best agent which skill can furnish for their cure.
 Prepared by DIR. J. c. AVER, Practical and Ana lytical Chemist, Lowell Mass and sold by A q Smith, Litchfeld C. McNeil, Wolcottville: + Board man, New Milford Pratt & Foster, West Cornwall :. and by merchants and druggists throughout the country.
Litchfield enquirer., 1858-02-25
agrttMttMrai.

ASTONISHING PERFoRMANcE-On the 18th Of January, at Windsor (Eng.) MT. John s. Earey, from the United States of America, lad the honor of exhibiting before her Majes- ty, the Prince Consort and the royal family and suite, in the riding house, his miraculous power over the horse. Several animals were selected as subjects of his experiments. He commenced with wild colt eighteen mouths old, belonging to the Prince Corsort, which was brought from Shaw Farm, and which had never been handled except by halter, and had been chosen by Colonel Hood for the occason After being alone with the animal for abont au hour and a half, the royal party eatered and fonnd Mir. Rarey sitting on it's back. with out holding the, rein. the horse standing per- fectly quiet Mir. Rarey then made few rr- marks in regard to his great experience in the treatment of this noble animal; a drum was afterwards handed to Mir. Rarcy, which he beat with fury whilst sitting on the horses back, without the colt exhibiting any signs Of fear The royal party afterwards withire" for few minutes. and on their return -foud tie animal lying down, and Mr. Karey knock ing it's hind legs together, one of which he put against his face.
 Afterwards restive horse, from Mr. An tlerson's stables in London, which Mr. Rarey said he had before handled, was placed at one end of the riding-house alone Mr. Rarey went to the othef end, and at bis command the horse walked quietly up to him. He then made the horse lie down in presence of the Queen when Mr. Rarey crawled between his hind legs, and over him in various ways Mir. Rarey then rolled the horse on his back. The lrse was afterwards placed in various posi- tons, in which it stood without holding and without bridle
 A third horse, selected by Mir. Meyers, the riding-master, as very nervous animal, was then brought in, and in flew minutes after wards it was made by Mr. R.rcy to to all which had been done by the other horses. At the conclusion of this exhibition of Mir. Ra- rev's wonderful power over the horse, his Roy al Highness the Prince Consort expressed to Mir. Rarey his qualification and thanks. The secret has been entrusted to Maor-G neral Richard Airey, in confidence, who has pro- nsunced that there is nothing in the treatment Int what any horseman would approve of The secret will be made known .hen 8 sufficient nuinbsr of subscribers have been obtained