New-York daily tribune., 1858-11-19

I" vess,i q. cs -louS,-." No objection male b
tia, re.- @! his claim re,s.cy 10 the roTei c.osruc.
.icn G.! eel. or tie tran pc-a,;on Of c. ,o, The
/ Csmni's.crer tHoa. H-try T.. Ellsworth. decided
that be 10, er.itei TO paeGt FOR his usr-er q
s.oxirg &C. which consisted n placing al Of In,
block; eisewise, rs. !; upon their na,rows-. SIDE
F'r-u this ieci-oa 81 apes. wss taken IL Fsbrrry
lsll, under he Ac. c. March u, 1870, 70 the Ce'
Jusce o. the Dis.rict Of Columbia All this tie
frst sprea, taken cnie- that sc. 70 tia. court. o.
March al following CA;sf JGst:cc Crsnch Confined
the decision Of the Conni,-:tne-. Ths Commission .
er, in defer se tf ii, decision said:
- II had long been common 10 place blocks % ice
edgewise in vessels for trans portaton although
rot known that there very beneficial resul. from
so dong. and although ttery custom OF placing
al the blocks edyewIse.
II illustration OF hi, view of the claim ne said:
Z" r. apples keep bes. on end. patcn. would not be
granted foT packing them Tins Il c,der keeN better
bv placing the bottles horizontally rather than prpen-
dculsry this could not be patented, a. both methods
are used. In neither case IS there anything Eew."
A. the attorneys of the clamau. had referred to the
Tudor patent, ;he Commissioner remarked concerning
Il thur:
"This fact IL e. about The air melting the icel wss
6ssc0rerb in distinction from IrreH;t0n, and was
not patertable. But NJ. Tudor contriyed mode OF
preventing the melting by filing up the nterstices
with non-conduot.ng material, which inrerti0a,
and a. such, the subec; Of patent. Yet, if prcvi
to that time, the n.ersces mad been tedup with
any non conductor for aome other purpose and Mr.. L.
had merely discovered that i, would prevent the ad
mission o. air, and thus the melting OF the ICE, he
would not have beer eri.ed 10 pater. II the con-
riyaDce invention patented by M. Tudor was not
at the time The patent was granted, then It only
shows that the patent ought not to have been grant
ed, but il is nV argument in favor u! the present
claim
The Commissioner further said concerning the Tudor
patent the novelty claimed in tina, case sppesr,
questionable" lie aIso ruled that NJ. Kempegs ap-
picaton covered two distinct inventions, which cannot
be included in patent. Judge Cranch in his de-
cision referred to the Tudor pstett thus:
No judicial decision is produced affirming the va
dity of that pateut and il to to rest upon
very doubtful grounds; but is to be presumed that
the Commissioner who issued was satisfied tha. the
means used wer. new invention.
At the present day, in shipping ice for voyages of
considerable length, saw-dust is used almost exclusive
y. 1t placed Immediately between the ice aud the
skin Of the vessel. Tha; used at Boston is obtained
from Maine, and before its for this purpose en-
tirey wasted at the saw mills and fslliug into the
streams occasioned serious distractions. Its average
value as delivered at Boston |, = 80 per cord and
several thousand cords required yearly. Not only
do the wnilis find customers for their ssw-iust
which they glad to be rid Of but the psning mills
likewise dispose Of their shavings with which they
formerly were bothered. The companies engaged in
shipping ice from Boston annually expend about
$2jCOO for shsvings saw-dust and rice.chalf. Thus
those small things which were formerly subject Of
cost to get rid OF, now produce ircome.
There is q considerable variation in the original cost
of the cecrsps OF successive Winters caused by the
character of the seasons, which may may not be
favorable to securing ice. There Is also difference
in the cost Of slowing ice on board vessels caused by
the greater less expense Of the fittings required for
voyages of different duration, by difference of
son when the shipments are made. Last year, 1857,
the average cost of zee at Boston when slowed on
board estimated at q per tun, which is about the
ordinary rate IN common seasons.
Shippers of ice usually pay the expenses of loading
and discharging their cargoes and hence the freight
money earned by vessel is passed TO its
or eharterer without eost deduction. The average
rate Of reghts paid 70, ice shipped at Boston for both
coastvise and foreign potts has been stated, in
port to the Board Of Trade to he about 81 50 per un
clean and clear to the ship owner Vessels bound into
the Gulf of Mexico take from $4,000 to 60 900 tuns
annually from which their derive the av
erage $l2O 600 freight. The receipts for ships
go of ice to India are from 10 to 10 per cent? Of the
earnings for the whole run Of the ship out and home
1t is considered that the ship generally derives
as much profit from the business the Of the
cargo, and often more.
The weight of ice for shipment is usually determined
at the wharye Immediately before being put board
by scales constructed for ths purpose and this single
operation settles the weight to be paid for by the par
ty for whose account the ice is shipped tine amount
due for freight shpboard for transportation to tue
wharf and that which is 70 be received by the owner
of the ice.
In the export as well as in the home trade there is
always large loss OF ice from melting breaking, etc
The waste varies according TO circumstances, and
ranges from 80 To 90 per To deliver shipment
in Inda requires voyage of 10000 miles occupying
four or five months during which the equator crossed
twice; and if oneha Of the original csrgo is delivered
il is considered successful delivery.
The existence and increase Of the export ioe trade
has materially benefited the commercial marine OF Bos-
ton. Formerly large portion o.. the vessels employed
in the reightirg trade sailed rem that port in ball st
to southern attitudes where they obtained cargoes Of
cotton, tobacco sugar rice, etc. and the earnpgs Of
their return trips covered the expenses out and home
Now, something can be earned for The transportation
Of ice TO those places where reightiug vessels orna
rily obtain cargces The ice trade has generally been
unsuccessful to places where profitable return
cannot be obtained, because considerable amount
must be paid or conveying the ice to those places and
this il cannot bear also because southern places which
do not produce valuable exports usually unable to
consume expensive luxures. Il s probable tia, the ice
trade of Boston has been OF the principal means Of
preserving TO that city almost the whole Of the Amer-
trade with Calcutta; snd that would effect an i'm
poitant increase Of the Boston trade with China il that
I country n n Yn0rr niig, condition.
/ The expectation Of American ice to England has
: Low almost wholly ceased. The main reason for this