The Cadiz Democratic sentinel. [volume] (Cadiz, Ohio) 1854-1864, 1858-12-22


and in some OF the towns twice as much-gOod
pay where living is so cheap. There is an ex-
cellent baiSis OF strong sense and Of manly,
generous character, on which 10 build up good
state OF society, when improved by an admix-
ture of northern enterprise and work. lmmi-
grafton from the States north of the Ohio, and
from Iowa has been going on at an increasing
rate with in a few years. The Germans also,
who are numerous at st. Louis, are settling in
the interior.
I'hir influx from the northern states and
from Germany, together with the rapid and
overshadowing growth Of st. Louis and other
commercial places, the location with free States
on three sides, and the increased circulation Of
ideas and quickening Of thorght and enterprise
through the railroads and other channels, can
not fail to give a preponderance to the free Ia
Dor interest and sentiment The progress OF
things in this direction was 50 clearly shown
by the state census Of 1856 compared with that
Of 1851, that B. Gratz Brown, in his speech be-
lore the Missouri legislature last year, declared
with emphasis, (and proved the Gffirmation,)
"There is, sir, already an emancipation act in
force in NJ Ssouri The census is tha act Of grad
ual emancipation in Missouri" In the interve-
ming period of between five or six years, there
had taken place, in 25 out Of the whole 10Y
counties comprising in 1856, 81 per cent. oi the
white population Of rhe State, an actual decrease
in the number of slaves by 26 per cent, and at
the same time an increase Of the whites by "a
per cent leaving the ratio Of the slaves to whites
as to 13. Five-sixths of the whole slave in
crease Of the State was confined to twelve
counties, and these furnished not much more
than one -fortieth of the whole white increase.
In the remaining ninety five containing over 81
per cent. of the whole white population, there
vera / whites to slave. The ratio Of white
increase to slave increase was in these ninety
five counties as 81 to ! and in the whole state
as 16 to /. The actual number of slaves in the
state in 1856 was 100 115 and Of the whites Q
triflv less than 100000 There were twenty
two counties having all together only about
1000 slaves, with white population of ovel
$4,000. -. ..-...- .---
There is in most parts Of the State, no labor
ing class Of white men to be hired; and the diyt
fculty of procuring free labor leads many tc
hold slaves, or desire to hold them, who art
well convinced ofthe bad economy Of slave la-
Dor. The men of moderate means and South
ern origin are also not altogether rid oftbe am
bitten of owning negro, although they woult
be quite averse to being pestered and i'm
poverished by a gang of them, and would moi
of efficient and reliable white men. Good farm
hands could command high wages and be sure
Of good treatment in those parts of the State
where slaves are few; which comprise as We
have seen, by far the greater portion OF thC
whole.
There is among the people Of Southern origin
a patriotic and an ing.ancd prcdiudic IN iaVo
of their peculiar institution. There is besides
| g A. .lo MI ar
est init, disposition from still stronger mo
tiees, to rcpel what they conceive to be foreigi
interference. This, excited by false representa-
ton and passionate appeals, broke out in the ex
cesses of border ruffianism--now thing Of past
This Unborn prcdiudce as well as prudenta
considerations oa the part Of slave holders, hin
ders the expression and retards the progress O
anti-slavery convictions, which are howete
constantly gaining ground. The stranger fron
the North will find almost every man ready tt
converse on the subject ifhe approaches it will
common discretion and courtesy, or waits fer i
to come up of itself Bv no means all Of tn,
older residents are Of southern origin nor ar
all of those blinded by prejudice against thei
own true interest and the good ofthe communi
ty. There are Missourians to the manor born
who will express as deep and strong dislike tt
the institution as any among us; all nearly will
out exception, will admit its bad economy
though the State is not old enough yet to hav
realized very sensibly its Imporeriseng tenden
cy; and all kmw in their hearts the many othc
evils CONNECTED with the system. Yet, 10
some time to come, it may be to,the censhs tina
We shall have to look, rather than to any 9th
er public expression, to pronounce the doom @
slavery in Missouri. We pretend not to 50,
when or how it i'll come to an end, but only
that the final result and constant progress to
ward 1t are inevitable, and that it will tax
place IN gradual and peacable manner.
This view Of the State as whole has cxten
ded farther than designed. My next number
will take us right into the heart oil Southwcs
i Missouri. ..uI
From 81. Louis, vto SpriuafoN to Barton Coou'
tr ty. .la-..
| Leaving st. Louis about the Middle Of Aug
| went by the Pacific Railroad, through Jeiler
son city, the State capital, place of it may b
! of three thousand inhabitants, and having an ee
CANT State House of WHITE limestone. on a hig1
bluff close to the Missouri River left ih
railroad at California, Moniteau CO., hundre
and fifty miles from ST. Louis, though the ter
minus is now advanced dozen miles farther, t
Round Hill, or Upton, as the station is called
From California there was daily stages b
VIII ch proceeded to Springfield, Greene Co
on the route, so far. of the overland mail nov
running from st, Louis to San Francisco.
My course was through Morgan, Benton
Hickory, and Polk counties, over a road on tn
whole rough. hilly and toilsome, passing in som
parts through broken and rocky country, an
even now and then, but again crossing the tic
bottoms ofthe Usage and the Pomme de Tent
covered with a tangled mass of trees and vineI
and over long stretches Of verdant prairie, gen
orally of the high nolling sort. The create
part Of this route sthroueh prairie; by " hic
! is meant country which is destitute of wooc
however hilly and broken; though it must h1v
borne grass enough TO have kept down III
timber by fire. Much of this, however is ex
J cellent loud. But little is enclosed and cult
vated. The most Oft is vast range for tn
, herds of horses cattle, ard mules, in which th
available wealth of the people consists Th
upland prairie is frequently dotted all over wit
! the gopher hills conspicuous by the clumps {
sumac or Of tall grass consequent upon the sub
soilng operations ofthe animal " hose work the
are, and which is said to have disappeared, an
to have been larger species than the little &C
t pher which now iniests the newly settled part
, of the West.
, Versailles The county seat Of Morgan, is
court house tavern and few other buildings, 0
f the summit Of a rough and poor region. WAl
, saw, BentonCounty has few hundred inhab
tants, and is the seat Of the district land ofic,
noticed herd fine, large brick building jus
put up, for the public schools ofihe place. I3ol
ivar, Polk Co., is a grow ing place Of some i'm
portance. Besides these towns, and one or tw
small villages, Of which Cole Camp is the larg
est, and a few groups oftyo or three houses, "
saw only solitary log dwellings few aud far be
tween. We passed two or three corn mills an
carding machines worked by cattle. .1he loor
and the spinning wheel are seen in nearly ever