davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
St. Mary's beacon., 1858-07-01

% 5OOOOO Feet oi Lumber and 10000
OS SHINGLES and LATHES for sale.
We call the a.,eesion Of prompt buyers to our
large stock Of lumber Of all grades, aualiiisa
and sizes. We will cut White Pin. bills 20
order and iurnisd Sash, Door,, Frames, and
Planning ~ Mill prices, Apply ut 1872 Light
street wharf, Of corner Of Euiaw and Geruan
streets.
BURNS O. SLOAN,
Baltimore, Md.
July ]. 1853.
St. Mary's beacon., 1858-07-01
RnUrrs LOVE- Mss Nour rRAs WowwS;.

BnUrEs LOVE MES MoaE raxx WoMRx.-;
A writer in the Atlantic monthly puts i'm thus:
KAte, The other day, was asserting Q wiis's
right TO control her own property, and Incl
densally advocating the !cqsiality 0f sexes--s
souchy point with hcr--.I put In.
sTeiI me, then, Kate. why animals fsrm
stronger attachment 10 men than women. -
Your anr, yosisI parrUt. and eycn your cat, %.
ready prefers me - ron. How can you &C.
ccant for it, uniess you allow there b more In
u % respect ard love y
al account for IT, said she with most de.
cideti nod, by affinity. There 10 more affinity
between you and the brutes.
SrRAScE AND REvoLTISa CUsrox.-A re-
cent communication a. tbs Indian Ol6cs fzuan
the superintendent &C Indian Affairs at San
Francisco rersgts strange and shocking Gus
tom that prevails among almost all tina Inliana
Of California; that Of burying alive. When
- widow dies and leaves yonng children, rather
than trunbls themselves with their support. the
ilibo % which shS heEasngesi VIII bury the or
phans alive. The Superintendent states that
he win use al his effnts % put an end to this
cfuel practice, but d has been impossible b,
prevent 10 entirely ~ yet. evcn CA tho govern
ment reservations.
- Late intelligence from Mexico explains
she arrest of Sidnay Coolidge, Of Boston, who
went out 70 that country sums months ago m
assistant astronomer 10 Co.. Talcott's cnginaer
corps. IL appears that he Ell the service Of
Col. Talcott and jUined Gen. Lopez, one Of the
opponents of the present Zuloaga Government,
a. volunteer aid-ds-camp. aud at the taking
Of Orixaba by che Governnent troops, Mr..
Coolidge was captured along with Lopez. He
is detained - . prisoner Of war. His life N
probably safs. bur he il nue likely 20 sscagis
without being Sentenced 20 soEae term 81. eoa.
fnement and perhaps penal labor.
TIE NEXT Presidency. - The following
gentlesnsn have already beon named In eusnes.
ton With che next Presidency: Haesll Cobb.
Senator Bright, senator Hunter. t;f Virginia.
Speaker Orr, John Slidell. SENATOR Brown, Of
Mississippi, Postmaster General A. v. Brown.
Jacob Thompson, ID. ). Dickinson. John Letch.
er, Vicc-Presiient Breckinri,igc, Stephen 4.
Douglas. X. G. Winthrop, II. J. Walker. Gov.
Was, c. itten.ien, Bell aid Fiilmur-, Win. L.
Yanccy, Seward, Banks, Chase. Senator Trum-
bull, Of ILL.,, q. A. Grow. If Pa, Judge Nc
Lean. Mayor Swan, of baltimore, George Cad.
wallader, Humphrey MARSHALL and Sam Hous-
ton.
St. Mary's beacon., 1858-07-01

William T. Blackstone, .ehlest son Of CD.
James 7. Blakistone. Of this killags has been
Sslassd BY Judge Bowie to 81 che vacancy q
tvess Pant created by tie rejection Of Joseph
r Store. Young St'n- was rejected in Gun
sequsscs If physical defect.
St. Mary's beacon., 1858-07-01
NOTICE

DY anahssisy cf Williasa Hiles. Owner. ths
- undersiy9sA a. aushortzeA ~ eafsees ard re-
ceps for she seseFei enHe1ass dae fsg lbe ssviaes
Of Stallion Hescalsaa the pseaeMgvear. .PsfsOns
Who base noe Eee rad. AZ sez,s.sse& 20 % -
iassdiasrIy. Kkpeasea nsniisrs1 - Seecsssa %
the hosss dvssAg me .ssasoas wsa be aeaaaed by
tie uEGaae6&see4. = sA.' :. = -.-wk.%
y. w. J. MOORE.
Eeemasd TOa&Ms
lz.Av aA.a t.
St. Mary's beacon., 1858-07-01

Oar Methodist patrols uers appraised il oas
lass paper o. the Camp Msssing 20 b hela near
Cur village sOans time N August. Up6n in
suiy, %s andShatshe messing win be held In
EilsDbOsV vopas. lths Plass Of ne las meet
i6e.I and tAss services win eommsueo on FFi-
day. ths sosh Of July. inst. Several sl1easnl
divises are sxpscaed 70 be Prsssns. amOag 9th
sss ths Rsv. John IanaAGn. Presiding Eldes.
St. Mary's beacon., 1858-07-01

SESSIONS O, the United States. ri. has, there
fore. nothing 20 but % report 10 his govern
meut. He could, he says. demonstrais that
Mexico can trrat with the United States In the
spirit Of the Tehaantepec articles, without de-
preciating her rights of sovereignty.
St. Mary's beacon., 1858-07-01

Tia eeeam Miu cs che Fssuxen, beicR
oskviIle, viii grind Cor she puhiie seeOmmo-
dstioa during dry wsssheg and unil the wa.
Ger mile can resume. J.. FCRkEET.
July I, ls5e-iI
St. Mary's beacon., 1858-07-01

S'T Archibald Alison, the historian u said q
have JOINED sAs sosps % iaAdss-wsissss 600 ths
1sa&na HasssA
St. Mary's beacon., 1858-07-01

~ During tle session. Of Omgress ju4i
clcsea, no less than Eve persOnal alterations
hare taken place l~tween members, viz: Grow
and Keitt, Clay and CullOm, Hughes and Har-
Tis, Davis and benjamin. and 0win and VII
son. u Is pleasant to b. able to stale that no
body was hurt; Though it is rare to see 20 much
amcks wiehoatfise. Explanations have proved
muss ekcacsvue than huileta.
St. Mary's beacon., 1858-07-01

ASrRASoE SroRY.-The Marksville fAvoy.
ellesl Central Organ, Of the 29th ult., has the
following:
Some two nights since death occurred In
a certain portion Of our parish, which was
brought about in strange manner. A gen.
tleman living unhappily with his wifs soms
few months vince committed suicide. This %
affected her that che often Of mnrning declared
the ghost Of the deceased had haunted her dur
ing Che night. Finally, one day che afirmsd
the devil had appeared 10 her and. sfsss up.
raiding her, stated that hereafter whsn IS
would attempt 70 eat o. drink, hsg Sood snd
water would choke her. And sssaaes % say
whenever she tonk any nossrixhmsns or dranh
anything she was invariably chOksd. Thil
continued for twenty-ssven days, when ishe
died from pure starvation These iacts w
have frCn gentleman Of undoubtsd wraci
typ - =
St. Mary's beacon., 1858-07-01


the following remarks, which have O peculiar
adaptation to this latitude
Towards the cool hours Of evening, num-
bers of children have Of late been sent out TO
promenade the streets and enjoy the open air
displaying their own sweet graces and the good
or bad taste of mammas in the peculiar ar
rangcment Of their juvenile paraphernalia The
worst possible lasts 10 the dress Of little girls
10 that which prescribes the expansive hoop, or
an indefinite amount Of starch, TO throw out
the gaudy or simple skirts Of the wearer TO an
inordinate extent, thus destroying all seeming
Ut that soft drapery which should always be
associated with childhood, and substituting q
stif, uneasy toilet, without even the slightes,
grace 70 redeem il. Short dresses with a mod.
crate amount Of stiffening are very pretty and
elegant, and invest the little feet and slende,
ankles beneath with loyeiness we nigh,
call poetic. If mothers will be lavish in th,
adornment ct tlseir children, lei them: but 70,
Heavens sake. permit the little creatures III,
privilege Of booking as sweet an possible will
. corresponding degree Of ease, simplicity, ana
grace"
EVERY MAN Hrs Owx wrrxp.-A Law
passed through the Legislature Of Wisconsin
at its late session, taking all restriction frcn
witnesses. The principal party, or any othe
party interest, may swear TAI the facts, and hi
testimony viii 60 tn the jury rs that Of an,
other witness-they to estimate his credibiEt
as they think IL is worth This is a startlin
innovation, and there viii probably te man
Dngald Daleettys On the witness stand
when . case eOsnes % MY eatA y 20
lcause"
True American. [volume] (Steubenville [Ohio]) 1855-1861, 1858-01-27

s'Again, ihsre are some dozen Of the
members who cannot be reelected in any
event These will, Of course. hold them
selves IN market where there will be
bidders on only one side, The side Of
Slavery. They will 60 cheap, bot they
viii go, jus. enough Of them to carry the
measure. But those who would be
slaughtered before their constituents,
should they vote in the affirmative, bal
who would stand fair chance for re-
election, DhOald they vote against the
swindle, will be permitted to do sO--
just as many Of them as can be spared
and these will be held as a reserve fol
some other dirty work which win be lait
out for their benefit. Now, these are my
views, very hastily and imperfectly stated
and ! only give them out for what they
are worth"
True American. [volume] (Steubenville [Ohio]) 1855-1861, 1858-01-27

srror RSd Jonathan 4. vss vouhs-...n.
tissig TO yoane Is undes.sks ths tSsk
of e1essine sn .sAmsrican lananars. '.---
lle ih loo wiss too. ve think % Stismu,
sach 0uiko.ic erDloiG Bro. Jonathan
4 dnanesgidaAblv ! shsrp voa,h but A.
don't ksoa sT1srvthinl "a he can't do
everything. Bro. Jonathan is tfeat, , he
True American. [volume] (Steubenville [Ohio]) 1855-1861, 1858-01-27
Rev. Dr.. Black.

This distinguished gentleman and
Scholar delivered q lecture in Kilgore's
New Hall on last Thursday evening. -
His theme was the Evangelical Alliance,
and the moral condition of The German
States. He gave a most interesting &C.
count Of the proceedings Of The conference
recently held at Berlin, Of which he was
member and in which every Protes
tant church in chrisiendom was represen.
ted. The lecture was exceedingly inter.
esling, and was listened to by a large
audience with marked attention. We
learn that ]. is the intention Of the Rev
]. X Andrews, Of the Associate Reform
Church, in This place, to provide our citi.
gems with regular course Of lectures, Ia
be delivered by distinguished gentlemen,
The object is noble one aud We hope
It may meet the favor Of all.
True American. [volume] (Steubenville [Ohio]) 1855-1861, 1858-01-27
Principles Of the American Council
Of steubsuville, Ohio.


We, whose names are hereunto subscribed,
do hereby adopt, and agree to Be governed In
our political action, by the following Princi-
pies - .
list. None but Americaps to rule America.
Cd. The Union must be preserved.
Sd. No Foreign interference in American
4th. No union of Church and State.
5th. fnviolability Of National Treaties.
9th. Personal morality indispensable to
Office. a.,,.,... tt .,..
7th. An open Bible, without note or com.
ment, in all our Public Schools. \ IS
9th. Thorough reform of the Naturalization
Laws. ft" '-"
9th. A CapitatioA tar that will exclude
foreign paupers and convicts.
10th. No appointment Of foreigners on
diplomatic pests. sta4 M
llth. Strict economy in the administration
Of the Government. sJ
18th. No interference with the right of citi.
zenship already acquired by foreigners, and
the protection Of law TO all who immigrate
from love Of liberty, but uncompromising
opposition to Political Catholicism, whether
in tho person of an American demagogue, or
a foreign Ecclesiastical Despot.
True American. [volume] (Steubenville [Ohio]) 1855-1861, 1858-01-27
Revival Of Trade.

In the course Of the recent debate in
the Senate on the Treasury Note Bin.
Senator Seward gave this cheering view /:
In my judgment the aceelsrslion Of
business is going 70 be rapid Just in pro-
portion TO the rapidity with which bust
iness has declined. and expect to see
every day. and every hour Of every day,
marked by . rise in the prosperity Of the
cOun.ry, graduated jus. exactly by the
suddenness OF the depression. Tbs causes
ofthe disaster are gone. ! think there
isnOthing before US but great revival Of
Dusiness and plethora of money to revive
hin all departments. may be mistaken
IN this. but ! Iam willing to sand by it.
The indications presented in the vari.
ous manufacturing districts Of the country
would seem to give great force TO the
above prediction. In different parts Of
the country. but particularly in the New
England States, the resumption of work
j. becoming guile general, and affords
the must encouraging assurances that the
causes Of the recent disaster are we'll
nigh removed. Among the most recent
assumptions are the following.
TIE boot and shoe manufacturers of
Lewistown, Maine, are resuming opera.
tons, and portion of the looms in The
Bates Mills which were stopped In Oc-
tober, have commenced running again.
The cotton mill Of Plunketl, Clapp & Co.,
in Pitts6eld, Mass, commenced running
full time on Monday last. The Pontoos1c
woolen mill is running three.fourlhs time;
and the paper mills Of Owen & Hubert,
IN South Lee. are running three -fourths
time. The Suffolk steam cotton mill, a.
Sag Harbor My, after lying idle for
several months. commenced running a
part of its machinery few days since,
giving employment to some Of lis opera.
tives who have been anxiously waiting
TO see it in motion.
May we not hope that these evidences
Of returning prosperity will be confirmed
By the early resumption Of business by
the manufacturing concerns in our neigh.
boThood! The spprehensions so gsner
ally entertained in the early part Of the
fall. that great destitution and suffering
.
True American. [volume] (Steubenville [Ohio]) 1855-1861, 1858-01-27
Terrible Tragedy in; Marion County.
-. f1si 10 Kentucky. .

"A SLA1s MuRpERs HIS MASTERS Son
AND the OvERsEER. R.-Louisville.Jan. %,
Il have jusl learned Of a terrible tragedy
which occurred in Marion County, Ken.
tucky, on Thursday yesterday
Mr.. Van Cleave, a wealthy farme,
living in that county. logged his negro
woman severely, when the husband Of
The woman (also slave belonging to
Mr.. Van Cleave) became very angry, and
used insulting language TO his master
whereupon the master ordered him 10 be
lied up and whipped also, but while they
we're taking of bis coat TO lie him, be
drew butcher knife and killed Henry
Van Clsave, the son, on the spot, ant
morally wounded Daniel Thompson.
The negro has been arrested. and i.
now jail. The officers had grsa, diff
Guilty ii restraining the people from Ia
king the negro and hanging him on III.
spot. -.
What a terrible commentary is this on
the whole accursed slave system. A man
objects 10 another fOgging his wife. fOl
which he is ordered to be aogged also.
He turns upon his tormentors and kills
Two Of them. He is then taken to Jail to
be tried for murder. There 10 no doub,
Of mis- doom. He will be hanged. and
yet hs,,did just wha. any man would
have done, who has the heart to feel as
one. and in tha. heart courage to make
his feelings kuoWn.-Cin. Gds.
True American. [volume] (Steubenville [Ohio]) 1855-1861, 1858-01-27

LARGE FMS IN L1ncnsrrn.-.-Ws
learn from the Lancaster 6aseitg, ma
about two o'clock on Thursday moFninJ,
Ere broke outin the central pan Of the
Green block, On Main street. Il oFieins
stsd in that portion Of the block. ana
spread to Ihe right and left until the ems
tire block was consumed. The sufferers
were Mr.. Julian, Dry Goods merchant;
John Work, Fin and Copper establish:
ment N. Young, Saddlery and Harness
s,Ofe; Mr.: Smallsy, Hat Store; Samuel
tieuly, Saloon ; L. o. Buich, JeweIry
Store Benjamin COnnell, Book Store ;
]. Searles, Book Store and upon the
corner, the Savings Institute. Upon The
second floor was the Office Of Col. p,
Van Trump, the Telegraph Office, and
that Of Stichcomb & Clarke.
The widow Of Jacob Green, and the
owner Of the premises, had her residence
in the back building, and Mrs. J. A. Green
had dover right in part Of the premises,
all Of which property was completely
destroyed. What amount Of chatlsL
property was saved we are unable to say.
The entire loss must amouni 10 from
$40, 900 to 5O,OO0. ii f. liGsfs ssi
In addition to the above the Lancaster
Eagle says the law libraries Of Messrs.
Trump, Weldy, and Stitchsomb & Clarke
were almost total loss. ~ h4ata4
True American. [volume] (Steubenville [Ohio]) 1855-1861, 1858-01-27

pWe had prepared and plac ed in type a
lengthy article on the subject Of the Superior
Court, but communications from other pens
placing the question in a clear and forcible
light, ha wing been received for publication We
have withheld our article for the present.
That our position may not be misunderstood,
however, we say unhesitatingly that we believe
that the interest Of the people of the county
requires the establishment Of a Superior Court.
Read the articles in this paper and consider
their force. .@at F. "
The article signed was notwritten by nor
with the knowledge of any gentleman whose
name is mentioned in the proceedings.
True American. [volume] (Steubenville [Ohio]) 1855-1861, 1858-01-27
Superior Court.
The Meeting in the Court House on Sat.
s,rdo,, N;nbf


~ urday Night.
1t may be preposterous for any one t
notice the proceedings of the meeting OF
Saturday, for most Of our citizens wer'
present, taking part in the deliberations
or attentive listeneres. Still it may b
well for all TO consider what the conclusion
of these deliberations look like on paper
The advocates of Superior Court, very
properly undertook to show by facts,
figures and arguments.
lst. That the accumulation Of business
in the Court of Common Pleas is 80 great
as to render it impossible for any judge to
dispose of it, properly, under the present
Judicial system. .t..
2nd. That constantly increasing cases
on the already crowded Docket Of the Dis.
trict Court, renders it impossible for thai
Court to try cases as fast as they accumu-
late. ia j. ''
Sd. That the crowded state of the
Dockets in both these Courts, is the oc-
casion of grievous delays to htigants and
ruinous expense to parties, and very con-
siderable expense to the county.
4th. That the cheapest and most effica-
cious remedy for all these evils, is the es-
tablishment Of a Superior Court for this
county. This court would enable parties
to obtain PULL and speedy hearing of their
causes--and render all appeal fora second
trial unnecessary. n
To these arguments, the opponents Of q
Superior Court objected:
1st. That the necessity for this court
was necessity that lawyers might obviate
by less wrangling and more despatch.
Ind. That it would result in an increase
Of ottaxation-notwithstanding the facts and
figures adduced showed that the increase
wou Id not amount to more than ONE CENT
on every SIXTY DOLLARS Of taxes.
Sd. That it would benefit no body bul
the lawyers, whe were ambitious to be
judges, by making new place to fill on
the bench. ga.
4th. That 1t was movement originating
among the members Of the bar, who wert
dissatisfied with Judge Bostwick, ant
wished 10 have him superseded. This
too, was very pertinac iously persisted in
after the leading members of the bar had
disavowed all such motives, and all such
sentiments, toward Judge BOstwick---Mr.
Moody remarking that no man could dc
more to obviate the evils of the present
systemt than Judge Bostwick had done. He
had integrity that inspired confidence, ant
an industry unsurpassed by any Judge in
the State, t' Goti
1t was very apparent TINT the individual
who. so tenaciously, persisted in this oh,
lection to Judge Bostwick, intended thil
argument, as an ingenious move to rally
the numerous friends Of Judge Bostwick to
oppose the measure. We think, after the
decided disclaimer Of such gentlemen al
Mr.. Moody and Judge Means, the objectOl
would have done himselfsome credit by ad
mit.ing his error. His refusal only ex
posed his own vindictive, unrelenting spir.
it towards Jadge Bostwick.
9Th. But the real, the only sincere oh
lection offered by these "principle citi
zsnsl = was, at last, avowed--with an ef
ffontery that was astonishing 70 most per
sons who heard Il. Mr., Moody and Mr.
iEshsssr had showed. cOnclusiselys shaa Il
True American. [volume] (Steubenville [Ohio]) 1855-1861, 1858-01-27
The Prospect-The Purpose Of the Ad.
ministration-The Lecompton Vii
lainv To 2nnnAAd -. -


The Prospect-The Purpose Of the Ad.
ministration-The Lecompton Vii
lainy to Succeed. ,e-.
A friend has just received letter from
prominent member Of Congress, from
which we are permitted to make the fol-
lowing extracts. The history Of the re.
peal Of the Missouri Compromise is full
Of instruction, and the course that will be
pursued by the pro slavery Democracy
on this Lecompton swindle, was clearly
foreshadowe.i by that event. But read
what one on the ground thinks Of it:
"You ask my opinion of the result Of
the. present quarrel in the pro-slayery
party. TO this | hardly know what to
answer. You know what our friend
RooT Of Huron said of the quarrels Of
that par.y-lhat the noise they raised on
such occasions was as equivocal as that
made by social gathering Of cats---it be.
ing difficult 10 determine from the sound
whether It was The cooings of love, or
the skin scratchings Of 6gh..'
"Buh in looking at the results Of this
quarrel, these will vary according as il
bears on different interests and elections
Of the party. As to it's resul. in the ad-
mission Of Kansas under The Lecompton
Constitution, my opinion is now what Il
has been on the general question, from
the time Of the repeal of the Missouri
Restriction, viz: that Kansas will come
into the Union as q slave State, AND IT
WILL . 9t G
"rhe Lecompton Constitution will be
forced upon the people Of Kansas. The
Southern men know our doughfaces too
well to be frightened at such impotent
and imbecile dissent as that which char.
acleriEes the Ohio and Indiana remon.
strances. They know that such stuff as
that can emanate only from set Of polil-
ical e,snuchs, without the disposition or
The manhood to resist. Douglas thinks
otherwise but my belief is, that his wish
is but father to his thought The
weak sisters win be frightened, the cor
rupt will be bought, and the willing and
eager doughfaces land God knows there
are but too many Of them) will 60 il for
the mere love Of dirty work, and when
through. will beg for more and dirtier, II
their masters can find it for them TO do.
Why, my friend, there is scarcely nor
thern city, with the exception Of Chica-
go) Of a hundred thousand inhabitants.
whose Representatives are moi as safe for
a rejection, after voting Cor this Infamous
Lecompton swinds, as are those Of South
Carolina. So they are in a dozen or
more Of the rural districts Of such States
as Indiana, Illinois, and Pennsylvania.
These will vote for Slavery for the love
Of the thing. i1' i'.
True American. [volume] (Steubenville [Ohio]) 1855-1861, 1858-01-27

T The Senate yesterday passed tho
bill 70 repeal the law Of the last session
to prevent slaveholding and Kidnapping
in Ohio. The only argument used in
in favor Oft was, that itpreventsd South
ern ladies and gentlemen from coming to
our Slate Fairs because they eOuldA't
bring their slaves with them. The speech
of Mr.. McCleary. which we publish to-
day, shows il up very 6nely.-S State
Journal, 0fthe 23d inst. a,,s F,
True American. [volume] (Steubenville [Ohio]) 1855-1861, 1858-01-27

1aFI,is said that the administration
await With great interest the arrival Of
the ralihed Yarrisarri treaty. expected
from Nicarsgaa. This treaty, if ratified
by the United States Senate, will put an
end 10 fillibnslerism on private account,
but will make il matter Of public con.
cern. II gives cs the command Of the
Isthmus region. II protects American
citizens and property inthe Isthmus ports,
and gives us the right 10 pfolect the
transit BY, military force. This govern
Inent, il Is believed. win not be slow to
employ the privileges Of the treaty, .ba.
will eagerly avail themselves ofths same,
well knowing that 4. must speedily lead
,ter the Amsrieanissiion bf the sihmus.
True American. [volume] (Steubenville [Ohio]) 1855-1861, 1858-01-27
TIE TRUE AEFRICAN.

The Tam AnEaIoAH ia published every
Wednesday. in Steubenville, Jefferson county,
Ohio, and edited BY z. Raglan, on the following
terms
One dollar and fifty cents in advance.
Two dollars within six months.
Two dollars and ,6fty cents at the close Of
be year. E
No paper discontinued until all arrearages
are paid, except at the option Of the Editor,
~ TERMS OF ADVERTISING.
0nesquare - lines or less. weeks or less 81 ,25
Every subsequent insertion, ,.,.... .....3lA
One square three months. .2,5O
One square six months. hs,........s'.......S,OO S,OO
One square one year,. ..."......"...6,UU
One fourth column per year r,...........l5.O W
One third column per year.. .SO,OU
One half column per year, ar,...'......'.,S0 UU
One column per year..
Professional and business cards per year.. % ,OO
When there Is no contract made and the num-
Der Of insertions is not marked on the cards OF
advertisements ct the time they are handed in
for publication, they win be continued in until
they are ordered out. and charged BY the square