davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Delaware gazette. [volume] (Delaware, Ohio) 1855-1886, 1858-03-12
sprine Sod Breaking.

En answer TO numerous inquiries in regard
to breaking sod in the spring, and the rela-
tive depth Of plowing different crops we
would say, that our experience is adserseto
spring breuking, that we know Of no excep-
ion to :he rule Of deep plowing in. broken
ground, ard that very deep pfossing viii
sometimes remedy the fault of spring break
ing. Such has been our experience. Our
theory is this: When sod is broken in the
spring, ronrs of grass bsye already conf
menced preparations for the seasons growth
and they will continue to live and struggle
for the mastery until autu mn.
Now while those roots are aiive they
crowd out, as it were, the tender roots ofthe'
young plants, and, thus prevent them from
attaining enough vigor to nourish thrifty
growth above ground. Clover roots do not
possess the same tenacity but spring broken
clover sod is apt to be infested with WORMS.
and we have known large fields of corn and
oats, sown on such ground, to be utterly ru-
ined by them in few days. Autumn
ter frosts; which both kill them aRd pulver--
ize the ground. Where the soil is very rich
exceedingly deep spring piOwiDg may barry
the Ii We gass roots SO deeply as to- smother
them and afford the young roots Of corn oats.'
etc., room for nourishment. It ia a subject
well worthy of attention, and we hope be-
tween the present time and spring to fur
nish the farmers of the Northwest with the
experience of a number of our readers.
Delaware gazette. [volume] (Delaware, Ohio) 1855-1886, 1858-03-12

A son of the original Joe Smith, the
Prophet, founder of the Mormons, is now
residing at Nauvoo, not having accompanied
the Saints in their hegira. On him thu
Prophets mantle was TO have fallen, and on
becoming of age he was to have been de-
clared the head of the Church. Brigham
Young is President of the Twelve Apostles,
but has exercised the Chief Presidency nomi-
nally only as regent, during the minority tl
Joseph the younger. The latter is now a
bout twenty tour years of age, and differs
essentially from the Ex-Governor of Utah
as to political matters, though believing in
the Church as organized by his father. He
is also opposed to polygamy, and other Pc
cuarities of Mormonism as developed in
Utah. 1t is said that delegations arrive eve-
ry year from Salt Lake to receive the bless
ing Of this youth, and to urge him to as
sumo the leadership of the Church, as is his
right. He is represented to be endowed
with good intellectual faculties, aud with 0
fair share of pluck Gin. Gaz.
Delaware gazette. [volume] (Delaware, Ohio) 1855-1886, 1858-03-12
Butter,

Will salt preserve butter ! No, that ques-
ton is eaeily answered. Salt is added to-
butter for two rensous; one rs to assist in'its
preservation. The dairy woman certainly
thinking that plenty of salt will keep the
butter sweet. Another set add salt with DIS
honest motives, with the idea that all the
salt put in butter is sold at the full price the
butter brings. It's great mistake. Every
pound of salt put in butter over what is need
ed to give it favor, instead of bringing cash
return to the butter maker, proves positive
loss of twenty five cents pound because it
reduces tue value of every pound of butter
so oversalted, frequently as much as three
cents pound, butter is not preserved by salt.
That is positive. 1t will keep just as long
and just as sweet as olive oil, without salt,
if no other substance is incorporated with it.
1t is the caseine of milk that spolls the but
ter, III unless free FROM that no art can keep
it sweet Butter should be churued at 65
deg, and immediately after reduced TO 40
deg, and the less it is touched by human
hands the better. II must be worked cool,
either with or without washing, Ms this is a
moo,ed question, until absolutely free of but
ter milk or PARTICLES of sour curd, aud no
more, and salt added to suit the taste OF the
customer. The salt must be pure, and one
ounce to ten pounds OF butter will be suffr-
cient. Then pack the butter solidly, in any
cask OF sweet wood or stone pot, so as to ex-
clute the air, and just so long as the airs en-
oluded the but'er will remain sweet. u II
could be kept perfectly excluded the period
that it would keep sweet is forever Your
question is anwercd. Salt TiR not preserve
butter,
Delaware gazette. [volume] (Delaware, Ohio) 1855-1886, 1858-03-12
4 New Religious Sect.

The Wureester-[ Mass. Transcript gives
the following account of u new ism called
"Restiutionism,'' which has re ,ently sprung
up in Worcester and other places in Massa-
chusetts:
s'Thc Restitutionists believe that what
man lost in the Fall,is now beginning TO be
restored, aud that the GERM as now confined
to their own small number, is yet to cover
the earth. They are all Restitutionist. in
one sense--they believe that every thing is
to come back to its original form and purity.
Their Sabbath, therefore, occurs on Saturday
as the original day of worship; and their
meetings are held Friday evening, because
it is Sunday eve. They only use the Lsrd's
Prayer .as:5aat alone have efficacy with the
father. To them--or three of them at least
lis committed the apostolic gift of tongues
this appears to be rather useless, as
the words spoken not only unintelIigibIe
to bystanders, but to the others who have a
Eke gift till the inward manifestation of the
spirit makes it known. They are Co.'s
chosen and willing instruments in whom the
Holy Spirit now develops himself partially.
but through whose instrumentality the world
is soon to be entirely restored
''Tbis sect, small in numbers, is strong in
faith and working activity of its members
There are others of like faith in Athol,
New Braintree, Springfield and other places.
Delaware gazette. [volume] (Delaware, Ohio) 1855-1886, 1858-03-12

with failing hope for the future-fo- hope, in
many things, had been long deferred. And
| SO he rarely had smiles for home.
aTake that home with you, DEAR" whisper
ed Mrs. Lewis, as they moved along the pas
sage, and before they joined the family, she
had an instructive consciousness that her hns-
band was in danger of reiapsing into bis usu-
al state.
The warning was just in time
tsThank you for the words '' said he, 81
will not forget them-'
And he did not; but at once rallied himself,
and TO the surprise of Jenny, VIII and Ma
ry, met them with new face, covered with
fatheriy smiles and with pleasant questions,
in pleasan, tones, of their day 3 employment.
The feelings of children move in quick tram
sitions: They mad not expected greeting
like this, but the response was instant Lit
tie Jenny climbed into her fathers arms
Will came and stood by his chair answering
in lively tones his questions, while Mary, old
er by few years than the rest, leaned
against her fathers shoulder, and laid her
white hand softly upon his head, smoothing
back the dark hair, just showing little frost,
from his broad, manly temples.
Mrs. Lewis, as she came forth from her
chamber to the sitting room, where she had
gone to lay off her bonnet and shawl. and
to change her dress. Well did her husband
understand the meaning look she gave him;
aHd warmly did her heart respond to the
smile he threw back upon her.
.Words ftly spoken are like apples of
gold in pictures of silver" said Mr.. Lewis,
speaking to her as she came in.
s'What do you mean by that .' asked Ma
ry, looking curiously into her fathers face.
"Mother understands.'' said Mr.. Lewis,
smiling tenderly upon his wife.
Something pleasant must have happen
ed,'' said Mary.
"Something pleasant! Why do you say
thaIt'' asked Mr.. Lewis.
"You and mother look so happy" replied
the child.
s.And we have cause to be happy an
swered the father, as he threw his tight
ly around her, "in having three such good
Children
Mary laid her cheek to his and whispered:
s'If you are smiling and happy, dear faith
err, home will be like heaven.'
Mr.. Lewis kissed her, but did not reply.
He felt rebuke in her words. But the re-
buke did not throw chill oyershis feelings;
it only gave new strength to his purposes.
Don't distribute allyour smiles. Keep
few Of the warmest and brightest for kome,"
said Mrs Lewis, as she parted with her hus-
band on the next morning.
He kissed her, but he did not promise =
The smiles were kept. however, and evening
saw them; though not for the outside world.
Other and many evenings saw the same
cheerful sm les and the same happy home.
And was not Mr.. Lewis better and happier
man! Oh course he was. And SO would all
men be, il they would take home with them
the smiling aspect they SO often exhibit as
they meet their fellow men in business, or
exchange words in passing compliments
Take your smiles and cheerful words home
with you, husbands, fathers, and brothers,
Your hearths are cold and dark without
them.
Delaware gazette. [volume] (Delaware, Ohio) 1855-1886, 1858-03-12

men of all classes were dressed in long,
broad-tailed coats, with huge pockets, long
waistcoats and breeches. Hats had low
crowns, with broad rims-some SO wide as
10 be supported at the sides with cords
The stockings of the parsons, and few
others, were of silk in the summer and
worsted in the winter; those Of the people
were generally of wool, and of blue and
gray mixed. Women dressed in wide bon
nets-sometimes of straw and sometimes of
silk; the gowns were of silk, muslin, ging-
ham, &c .,--generally close and short waist
ed, the breast and shoulders being covered
by full muslin kerchief. Girls ornament
ed themselves with large white vandyke.
Tavern haunting, especially in the winter,
when there was little to do, was common,
even with respectable farmers. Marriages
were celebrated in the evening, at the house
of the bride. with general gathering of the
neighborhood, and usually wound up by
dancing. Everybody went as to a public
exhibition, without invitation. Funerals
generally drew large professions, which pro-
ceeded to the grave. Here the minister al
ways made an address suited to the occasion.
If there was nything remarkable in the his
tory of the deceased, it was turned to reli-
gous account in the next Sundays sermon.
Singing meeting, 10 practice church mu-
sic, were great resort for the young in win
ter.
Balls at the taverns were frequented by
the young; the children of deacons and min
listers attended, hough the parents did not.
The winter brought sleighing, skating, and
the usual round OF indoor sports.
Delaware gazette. [volume] (Delaware, Ohio) 1855-1886, 1858-03-12
An Eytenaiye Enrmer.

Col. Jacob Carroll, of Texas, says the
Western Watchman, is said to be the largest
farmer in the United States. He owns
900 acres of land-nearly 400 square
miles. His home plantation contains 8 900
acres, nearly all valuable bottom land, along
the Guadaloupe river On this farm he has
over 600 acres in cultivation, on which he
raises annually about 800 bales of cotton,
worth at the plantation from $75 to 800 f9
bale, and 90 900 bushels of corn, worth about
soc d9 bushel. He has force of about 80
field hands, and he works about 80 mules
and horses, and fifteen yoke of oxen. Col.
Carroll has, on his immense range of pasture
lands, about 1000 horses and mules, worth
$50 900; 1000 head of cattle, worth ST.
900; 5000 hogs, worth $40 900; 800 Spanish
mares, worth $4,000; so jennies, worth
$4,000; Is jacks, worth 2,00o- Col. Car
rolls property, in stock and negroes, is worth
at least $3.50 900, and the value of his land
ed estate will swell the amount to over half
u million of dollars. His annual income,
from the sale of stock amounts to from $5,-
900 to $4,000, and from the sale of cotton
to from $15 900 to $4,000.
Delaware gazette. [volume] (Delaware, Ohio) 1855-1886, 1858-03-12
Cutting Potatoes.

The practice of cutting potatoes Is adopt
ed By many as a matter Of economy. Ex-
perience, however, seems to have established
that the practice has an injurious influence
upon the crop, especially when the planting
is early, and the soil and weather cold. L1st
season, in order to Test the thing, | tried sew
eral experfmen is, the result of which were
in every case in favor Of the uncut seed
The method adopted was as follows: Two
rows of cut potatoes were planted in the
centre of piece--the tubers being divided
as nearly in the centre as praciicable--and
two pieces allowed to each hill. This was
tried on four different pieces of the yegeta-
BILE, and each piece in different field. On
digging the roots, it was found that the yield
o; the cut rows was less by one-tenth, by
weigh, than that oc ihe uncut ones, and i'm
point of size still more marked difference.
never plant the smallest or the largest Po-
latocs, but select those of medium size and
allow two potatoes to the hi!h
Delaware gazette. [volume] (Delaware, Ohio) 1855-1886, 1858-03-12
Is 1t n Benefit to Advertised

Under this head cotempoary says:
"There are those in the world who can
never be persuaded to advertise their busi-
ness, even to the smallest amount such
men seldom get rich. One of the great Sc
crets of success with the milonaries of the
East, was the liberality with which they
were accustomed to place themselves and
their business before those to whom they
looked for support. In mercantile affairs
this same course cannot fail to work won-
ders True, the man who amasses wealth
by the sudden rise of real estate might not
have become the richer by any system OF
advertising. His wealth comes without any
effort on his part, and he can hardly be poor
if be would. But how with the dealers in
groceries, hats and caps, every description of
dry goods, hardware, &C., can they become
rich without an effort! "Oh!" say they, "If
| go into business, people will find me fast
enough; if l only sell my goods at low rates,
and in sure them to be of the first quality -
That may be very true, but for every custo-
mer who finds you without advertising there
will be ten who will not find you at all. No
man can be SO popular bat some one may
never have heard of hlm-for thn; ones
trade you must advertise 'Tis not enough
that you keep the best stock or sell at the
lowest pricesi you may know This to be true,
your immediate customer, may know it, but
are there not very many who have never
heard that such was the case! For the trade
| of such you must dduerttse!"
Delaware gazette. [volume] (Delaware, Ohio) 1855-1886, 1858-03-12
AGRICULTU AL.
Hints 10 the Farmers.


Be SYSTEMATIC Here we have one of
the first principles of successful agriculture.
Let all your transactions be conducted in a
business Ike manner. Take note Of every
operation. whether you buy or SELF receive
disburse, SOW or reap, make n promise or
a bargain. To do this, is will be necessary
to keep diary, and we would say, do so, if
for no other object than as a ready means
Of comparison.
Be THoRotelF Never half do anything
yourself, nor permit your men to glide over
their labor. ''lf it is worth doing at all, il
is worth doing WE'LL" would prove q golden
ma aS:n to thousands OF farmers Ifthey would
not Only adopt this portion Of their creed, but
exemPiify its teachings ia their daily life
Away With these scrGtctsrS linen that 60
beneath the surface are the kind wanted.
LEAVE YOUR LAND IN COOP HEAR7,-It
should be The object of every tiller of the soil
10 leave his land in good condition 4fter the
remuvalof crop. aud, at the same time,
obtain az rerSunerating reterns as possible.
This can be done only by Outstanding all the
sources of fertility upon the furm, aud adding
thereto in every available manner. This is
;he Alpha and Omega OF progressive agricul-
ture. Never boast uf "bank account" il
it is obtained at the expense of your farm.
STupY YoCR PEoFEssIo VT is not alone
the energy thut wields the spade or holds the
plow that insures success. There is
''i;igher aw,n The culture Of the mind, and
in must go hand in hand with the cul-
rure of tile soil. The relations of science
to the farmers intimate. Good books
are aids in the attainment Of knowledge, but
never pin your faiiho on the ipse dirit Of any
Adividual-think, experiment and judge for
youself.
SricK TO THE FARM-Amid your plans
for the future, never, for one moment har-
Dor the idea Of bettering your condition BY
entering tire arena OF conimercial life. Do
not exchange Il home OF quiet, real enjoy
nent for the turmoil and illusi on of a city
residence. Barter not sweet repose for vis-
ions of empty wallets, nor let notes due on
the morrow assume the prerogatives Of Tire
nightmare. Very poor comforts for care anH
anxiety are these little realities in the com.
mercial world. Stick to the farm. What
though hard labor be the every day command,
it Is noble, healthfaf and conductive to the
;ult development of the whole mani
Delaware gazette. [volume] (Delaware, Ohio) 1855-1886, 1858-03-12
Romance in Real Life

The Havana correspondent of the New Or
leans Picayune relates the following inter
esiing incident:
To the great influx of Africans is cener-
ally attributed the. introduction OF the small
pox, that is now making sad havoc in this
city. Among the distinguished victims are
Dona Antonio Rubio de Campuzano, wife
of the Intenden:e. Her illness lasted about
four days only She was buried on the 10th.
and her funeral was one of the largest ever
witnessed in this city. Among those who
followed her to her last restine-place was
the young Count VIlanueva, the only son
and heir of the celebrated Cuban fnancier,
Pimllos.a On his return from the cemetery
he was taken sick, and notwithstanding all
that medical science could do for him he died
on Saturday and was buried yesterday, ex-
actly one week from the time he accom-
panied his wife's friends to the grave. The
death of young Viilanueva has caused pro-
found sensation in the community, where he
was much beloved by all classes. He was
only twenty-five years old, and the sole heir
and inheritor TO the princely fortune amass-
ed by his father. The title passes into the
family of the Marquis de Aguas Claras, be-
tween whom existed deadly enmity, owing
to tine Marquis marrying the Counts only
sister. The Counts sole objection to the
rich Marquis alliance with his sister was
grounded on the fact that the Marquis was
not pure blooded. Money, however, smooth
ed the road to fortune for the young million
aire, and the Queen of Spain pronounced
him white, and gave him the title of Aeuas
Claras, anglice pure aoater, vulgarly transla-
ted by the Habaneros .sdirty aoater' The
wheel of fortune turned rapidly. Vilanue-
va died suddenly at Madrid, his amable and
yirtuous wife has gone blind, and the only
son of the naughty old man died of the
soalhsome smallpox, and the title has passed
into theh hands of his detested enemy. Such
is the destiny of man! If the old gentle
man were alive, am sure he would renounce
the title in favor of the State rather than see
it pass into the hands of one who has been
publicly accused of springing from African
origin, The lesson is an instructive one for
such as place name above personal merits.
The funeral was not very numerously at
tended, his friends being afraid to expose
themselves to the contagion.
Delaware gazette. [volume] (Delaware, Ohio) 1855-1886, 1858-03-12
Recovery of an Immense Claim against the
Russian Government

Recovery of an Immense Claim against the
Russian Government
The Baltimore Patriot of Thursday saws
that Thos. Winans, Esq, OF that city, has
recovered a claim of five millions of dollars
against the Russian Government, which
makes his share of the freight and passen-
ger travel over the railroads in that country,
reach the sum of seventeen milIions-drafts
for which on the banks of Europe have been
brough! on to him. 1t appears that in his
contract with Russia, he was 10 receive a
certain per centage ON all freight and passen-
ger travel, but it was thought by the Gov
ernment that they were exempted from this
tax when applied to the transportation Of
soldiers to take part in the war in the Cri-
mea. He accordingly engaged the services
Of John H. B. Latrobe, Esq, who went on
and recovered the claim by a due course of
law, and, on account of the many thousand
soldiers ira nsported, his proportion was swol-
len from twelve to seventeen millions. Mr.
Latrobe, we understand, received fee of
$4,000 month, independent Of his expen-
ses, and upon reaching Baltimore, and an
nouncing the result of his labors, was presen-
ted with check for 800, 900. The very
great wealth and liberality of Mr.. Winans,
renders him valued citizen of Baltimore
The Patriot says that he has purchased
tract of land with water front at Canton,
where, having received contract from the
Russian Government, he will proceed to the
construction of number OF magnificent: ves-
sells Of war.
Mr.. Winans is the gentleman who ilIumir
mated his residence in Baltimore, when news
was received of some good fortune ofthe Rus
slans during the Crimean war; and it is cer-
tain that he had good reason 10 take interest
in the welfare OF his friends.
Delaware gazette. [volume] (Delaware, Ohio) 1855-1886, 1858-03-12
PLAY.

Here 10 one o. Ruskin's best sentiments,
most beautifully and trueiy expressed:-Ali
rivers small or large agree in one character
they like to lean little on one side; they
cannot bear to to have their channels deep
est in the middle, bat will always if they can
have one bank to sun themselves upon and
another to get cool under; one shingiy shore
10 play over, where they may be shallow, and
shore-soolsh, and chid-like, another steep
under which they can pause, and purity
]. themselves, and get their strength OF waves
fully together for due OCCASION Rivers IN
this way are just like wise men, VINO keep
one side of their life for play and another Tor
work, and can be brilliant, and chatteflhg,
and transparent. when they are at ease' ana
.vst take deep counsel on the other side when
s,,ev set themselves to their main purpose.
And rivers are Just in this divided. also like
wicked and good men; the good rivers have
seryioeabie deep places all along Their banf
Z that shiss can sail in, but the wicked scoop
3 ing rivers go irregufariy under their banks
until they get full of stragging eddies, whlcl
Il NO. boat car, row over without being twiste
4 ,painst the rocks; and pools like wells wh'c
so one can eef out Of, but the water keipi
THAT lives at the bottom; but wicked or gooe
the rivers sll agree 10 hgvlng two KINDS
sidess
Delaware gazette. [volume] (Delaware, Ohio) 1855-1886, 1858-03-12
Hrrninx Clay Soils,

The practice of barning the surface ct
stiff cllys, obtains to 10 some extent in Eng
land. The operation is usually performed
at that period when the land contains the
mos, rubbish, as all surface weeds, insects,
Sc, ARE destroyed by the FIRE. The process
is very simple. a pairing plough slices of
about two inches of the surface, turning il
over, in which state it remlins till thorough.
ly dry, Il is then got together into small
heaps and burnt; afterwards the ashes arc
spread and ploughed in. II lime is present
in any quantity, the first shower csuses the
sshes to fall into coarse powder, which
gess thoroughly incorporated with the s'il,
the lime furnishing valuable food, ooth direct
ly and indirectly to the succeeding crop.
The effect of burnt clay is principally
mechanical, opening the soil and rendering
il more porous.--[ohio Valley Farmer
Delaware gazette. [volume] (Delaware, Ohio) 1855-1886, 1858-03-12
What Douglas Washington Organ Has to Say

What Douglas Washington Organ Has to say.
The Washington States of February 9th
has leader on the Lecompton question,
which contains this forcible paragraph:
The old adage says, "marry in haste and
repent at leisure" If this hollow checked
aud consumptive Lccompton constitution,
however, padded up and painted for the bri-
dal occasion, be welded by the Democracy,
the latter will have soon and sudden a lengthy
widowhood for repentance. It will behold
the projects of its manhood overlhrown, its
household godds leveled, and the very foun-
dation Of its hopes blasted; for the offspring
begat OF the temporary union will all have n
them the seeds OF that constitution wreckinc
disease, which no healing power can eradi-
cate, nor fate itself alter. Under any cir
cumstances, the disease only can be prolong
ed