New-York daily tribune., 1858-03-31

L -~-s~
there were in the Slave States 564 900 farms con-
tanning $50 900. 900 OF acres, valued at 81, H.
| $4,000 at an average of about 50 An acre, with
al annual product Of about $3.50 100000. The
| Jams of the Free States average l2O acres; the
| plantations Of the Slave States average upward Of
| 300 acres. The "a, 900 farms OF cold and sterile
| Massachusetts averaging 80 acres each, comprise
$500 900 acres valued at S32 80 an acre, amount
| ing TO SII2OU0 900. The 10000 plantations of
| south Carolina averaging $40 acres each, comprise
5000. 900 of acres. valued at Sl5 an acre. amount
ing 10 So, coo, 900. The farms of the Free States
| aIe cultivated BY two and half millions ofpersons
and Weld a product Of nearly - per acre, and
| mole than $500 per bead 10 each person The
| plantations Of the Slave States are titled by more
| than three and quarter millions Of persons and
| weld product of less than 81 per acre, or less
| than 500 per head to each person.
Turning from the agriculture of the two sections.
let us glance at their manufactures. Here the supe
| rorfy of the North stands confessed. In l-50 the
| North had "a 600 manufacturing establishments
with S43O OOO 600 Of capital; S465, 900 coo worth
| Of raw material was used $50 600 persons were
employed: Sl96, 0C0, 900 were paid for labor and
Se42 900 OCU were produced. The South had only
| u 600 estabi,bmen;s, with S95 900, 900 capital:
used $50. coo, COO Of raw material employed l6l,-
coo per.ons paid S;I3 600 900 for labor and pro.
ductd S165, 600. 600. Massachusetts had g. 300
establishments with S6300000 900 capital; used
sec coo, COO worth of raw material employed l65-
CC0 persOns paid $40. 600 900 for labor and pro-
duced Sl51. .OO0,0 600 South Carolina had only
400 establishments. with 81 600 900 capital; used
Si,9o0, 600 worth of raw material; employed ~
l00 persons paid S2,3Q0,0o0 for labor, and pro-
duced S91ODOO
The wages of women in the cotton mills Of Mas
sachusetis are higher than the wages of men in the
ronworks of South Carolina. The productive in.
dustry of Massachusetts has increased immensely
since $50. 1t now averages $3.50 per head, while
the productive industry of South Carolina accord
ing TO De Bow is S62 per head
The value Of the products which enter into the
foreign and domestic commerce of the North is
about 81 40U, 900 900; of the South S4OO 900, 900.
The imports ana exports of the North amount to
S400, coo, 0O0 OF the South to S132, 900, 900. The
imports and exports of the city of NewlOrk
amount to S27S, 600, 000-mOre than twice the value
of those Of the South Massachusetts exported
and imported in 1855 S73,OOO.00O; South Carolina,
S4 4,CUO,O O00
The North had, iu 1856. 1850, 900 tuns Of ship.
ping valued at S2l2, 100000; the South, $50, 900
tun, Of shipping valued at $40 900, 900. North
built 526 UU0 tuns in that year: the South built
$1,000. Massachusetts had III that year 10000
tuns Of shipping, valued at S4S,O0O00O. South
Carolina had gu, 600 tuns, valued at So 900 600.
Massachusetts built 50, 900 tuns valued at 81 000-
600 South Carolina built 60 tuns, valued at So 900.
The North has l., 0lO miles of railroad, costing
$I2500 0C0. Poor Massachusetts,. that produces
no rice, no tobacco, cotton, has $50 O000 900 in
vested in railroads within her own borders, to say
nothing of the many millions she has invested in
other States. She has S60, Goo, 600 of bank capi-
tai, and her poor white slaves, her - mud ss,
have S35 900, 600 deposited in her Savings Banks
Rich South Carolina, with her rice and her cotton
the very home of King Cotton himself has invested
$40 coo, COO in railroads. She Las Sl7 100000 Of
bank capital. But, unhsppily. have state
rnent of how many millions her - well compensated
unaspiriDg laborers, have deposited. Perhaps the
Senator from South Carolina will be kind enough to
supply this omission in our statistics.
From this contrast Of the productive industry
and material resources of the two sections, Mr.
Wilson passed to the consideration OF their intelec-
tua institutions and means OF mental culture. In
the Slave States there laws forbiddng the
education Of nearly 4,00O,O00 of the people, while
in the Free States the laws encourage to the utmost
the education Of all classes. In 1850 there were
81 900 schools ~, 900 teachers and ., 800 900 pu
pills in the Free States. In the Slave States there
were 1S coo schools, 900 teachers and $50. 900
pupils Massachusetts, has nearly 300, 900 pupils in
her public schools, ut cost of Sl,30O, 900 year.
South Carolina has 1000 pupils in her public
schools for whom S75,oD year is paid by the
state. New-lork has more pupils in her public
schools than all the Slave States together. Ohio
has 502, 600 pupils kept in school at an expense of
50, $50, eco Kentucky has 76, 900 pupils at all ex
JeHse Of STAG, 600.
TIE Free States had, in 1850, more than $1,000
libraries containing 1900, 600 Of volumes. The
Slave States had 200 libraries, containing 65O, 900
volumes Massachusetts has 500 libraries, which
contain not less than $50, 900 volumes-more libra
ries and more volumes than all the Slave States to-
eether The little State of Rhode Island Il mere
patch Of 800 square miles on the surface OF New
England. has more volumes in her libraries than
have the five great States of Georgia, Florida, Ala
bama Mississippi and Louisiana.
In 1880 the Free States had 200 newspapers,
with circulation of 335, 900, 900. The Slave States
lad 700 newspapers with circulation of g., ,OOO OOO
The Free States have seven times as many religious
papers, and twelve times as many scientific papers,
as the South Massachusetts, has more religious
papers than all the Slave States She has 2,OOO, 900
of circulation for her scientific papers. The South
has but S2,OW.
Nine-tentbs of the book publishers Of the United
States are in the North. OF the authors mentioned
in Duyckinck's Encyclopaedia of American Ltera-
ture a. were natives Of the Slave States, and 4O3
were natives Of the Free North. OF the poets
nsmed in Grswold's Poets and Poetry of Amer
ica," l. were natives of the South and l23 OF the
North. OF the female poets enumerated IN he
compilation of Buchanan Read, ii are from the
South 73 from the North. Nine-tenths of all the
books written in America, tit to be read-llne-
tenths of oil the books published in Amerlcs, ut to
be published-arc written and published III the
North. Nearly all the authors whose names are
known to the world have their homes in the North
OF these, Mr.. Wilson mentioned the historians
Irving Ticknor, Sparks, Bancroft, Prescott, Hi
dretb, Motley; the poets Dana, Bryant Halleck'
Longfelow, Whittier, Lowell, Willis; the miscel-
laDeous writers, Hawthorne, Emerson, Curtis, Mel
vile. Mitchell the scientific men, Sliman, Agas-
siz Perce. The sculptors the painters, the artists
Of all kinds-they, too, find their homes not in the
sunny South, but in the free cities of the North.
1t appears then, that in agriculture, in CON-
merce, in navigation, in manufactures, in the