Vermont watchman and State journal. [volume] (Montpelier, Vt.) 1836-1883, 1858-08-27
HOW THE TELEGRAPH Will BE
WOpEEn

HOW THE TELEGRAPH Will BE
WORKED.
The New York Times in describing the
method by which the telegraph will be opor-
ated, after detailing the mode of obtaining a
yoltaic force, says:
The primary voltaic current procured from
the battery, will be used to ''stimulate and
call up the energies of those hectcr messen-
gers, electrical in nature by the aid of which
alone can the message be expedited. Tho
voltaic current therefore, passes 20 a silk COW
cred wire, in innumerablo coils, enveloping a
bar of soft iron Immediately sheathed in gut
ta-pcrcha. Several miles OF this fine wire
no. 2O) are twnod about this iron centre Z;
then comes another coat of gutta-percha I;
then another coil of WIRE thicker this time,
NO. a.. and | - miles in length. The
voltaie current, passing the wires, and reach
ing the iron core, converts it into powerful
magnet, exciting a current of electricity
which is delivered TO the No 20 coil. and
thence to the cable, whence it departs on its
Transatlantic voyage. Electricity having pro-
duccd in the first instance magnetism. and
magnetism having reproduced electricity, a
transmssive power is obtained. which the
original current did not possess.
The transmission current generated into
the double-induction coils. on reaching the
further side of the Atlantic. will of course
have become somewhat faint and weak from
the extent of the journey it has performed.
IL will not, therefore, be set in this state 90
print or TO hard work but it will be thrown
into sort Of nursery known as the rcceiv-
ing instrument, where its tagging energies
will be restored The conducting strand Of
the cable will be here made continuous with
coil Of wire, surrounding a bar of soft iron,
which will become temporary magnet strong
IN proportion to the number of turns in the
coil, whenever the current passes. This tenn
porary magnet will have tprccise polarity de-
termined by the direction in which the cleo
trical current passes along the wire The
pole which will be north when the current
passes in one direction, viii be south when
the current runs the opposite way
The apparatus relied upon bv the Company
to effect this object is am improvement upon
the relay magnet, which figured in Messrs.
Cook and Wheatstones patent The advan-
tage of it is. that the temporary magnet has
no other work to do than to make the small
permanent magnet traverse upon its almost
trictionlcss pivot On account of this pecu-
laity Of construction, it possesses the utmost
sonsibiIity 1t may be put into vigorous ac-
ton by a sixpence a0d a fragment of zinc
placed ON the moist tongue When two or
three of these instrument are scattered about
IN the room where the large double induction
coils are at work, they are commonly heard
clicking backward and forward automatically,
and doing little business ON their own ac-
count, although no current of any kind is
thrown upon their coils They arc then
merely travcrsing upon their pivots, obcdicnt
to the magnetic attraction of the great bars,
having their magnetism successfully reversed
some two or three yards away, and, curiously
enough, are sympathotically recording. at such
times, precisely the same signals and mes
sages. that the great magnets are sending of
through the transmission coils
The recording work of the telegraph will be
performed by the ordinary instrument Of Pro-
lessor Morse. In this recording instrument.
"A ribbon of paper is unrolled from hollow
cylinder or drum by train of clock-work,
and as it is unrolled, sharp style, magneti-
cally directed, indents a series of dots or lines
upon the paper. When the style is thrust
down only for an instant as the paper is drag
ged beneath, dot is impressed When it is
kept down for little more than an instant,
a heightened line or dash is left on the on
ward moving paper as track But how is
the style thus magnetically controlled. 1t is
held up by strong spring. Beneath it there
is a soft iron bar, which becomes magnet
whenever a voltaic current is turned on from
the local battery along coil surrounding it,
Whenever the soft iron bar becomes a mag
net, it is stronger than the spring, and drags
down the style to make its dot or dash. as
tho case may be- When it ceases to be a
magnet, the spring comes into play and lifts
the style up, so that the paper trayorsos on
beneath tracelcss and free Tho style is held
down an instant, OF moro than an instant, ac-
cordingly as an instantaneous or as a pro-
longed current is sent from the transmission
coil, and therefore from the local recording
battery through the short circuit: for as it
has been seen, the two will be in magnetic
and electrical rapport although severed by
the Atlantic breadth