New-York daily tribune., 1858-12-07

lie p Mieal oondllon o. the narrow is,huzs NJ
Central Amcrcl through which transit r,,is. -
between Tie Atlantic sii P4o.6c O.tan.. prs.ss,'
i,Ct II deep intefe-' - an numerical nation.
is over these irarsl- thnt large propor,ioa 81 =
trade snd travel between the EnrOpcan and 80
e NTH DE is dcst cd T. pa. T. the roa,S sss-s
these routes ore 81 Ica'cHabe impm ance as na.,.
Of oomuuuicoton between ,~o', A,l.r,c and p.e'sse
pos.,-.i,us. t. later now ex'eud throughout w.,
ten degrees of latitude the Pacific coast enbya.s
the important state o( Calfcrua and tie Aoursh,,.
Territories Of Oregon ana Washington. Al cou,r.,
cal raions therefore, have deep and drec, ile,es.
tlai these ccmu uricaicns shall BE- rendered secsr.
fnm interruption. Il an arm Of the 80, conrec,p,
n 'wo &C, qrs, penetrated through Nicariyus al
C0,'s Rica, could .t be PRETENDED that these yes
would have therght to arrest " rcisri IT, nAyig.on
- he niuIy Of other nations. Tue transit by hi
oy.gtAis uslEow sthmus occupies reary the AN 49,
have li't,e interest when compared with the ys.i,
iclrs,s ot the rest OF the wOri. While their risl,
II Sovereignty ought 10 be respected, i the ds,S
q. o;Aor lations 10 require that tbs imports,,
passage. shall not be interrupted by tie csvI
wsrs and revolutionary ou,b-etss. watch h.v,
So frequently occaued in that region r.,
stake il zoo important 20 be lef - the mercy a r,
con Vants claiming to hold conflicting contracts w.,
Nicssgua. The commerce of otherns,ons ;s NOE
H. stand It'll and aNait the adjustment # sncb ns,,s
contT0N eIsies. The Goyertmer, of the Upitel ~.
expect mere than this, and they will no, b, s,,i..
ut 4 with 'e-s. They wouh not II they could Ser;v.
any advantage tIom the Nicsrlgua transit no, c,m'
mon 10 the ret Of the world IT, neutrality and pro
tcOilun fer tie common OF all nations is their ouy
Object. They have objection that N,cararu. sh.i
iemSrc and receive iAr cOmpeus alton from The C,m
pauies end inJ, iuals WHO msy traverse the r,nte.
but they insist q ~ Il shal never hereafter ba e,.
10y an arbitrary decree Of tina, Government. Ii dis
pitts aise between il and th0ss with whom they may
fave ttercd into contracts thoe mut be adjusted by
some ta tribunal provided for the purpose an! ,hs
route must Lot bc closed pending the controversy.
This whole policy, ami Il cannot iall 10 be sc.
ceitable TO other ngtloTs.
Al these difficulties might be avoided Il. consistent.
IL with the good faith OF Nicaragua the uss OF A,
tfausit could bee thrown open 10 general compenoo;
uroyidirg 40 the time for toe payment OF a rea-
souable rate the NicarAguan Government, psssen-
in August. 1852. the Accessory Transit Corpsry
made its fir, iuteroceanc trip over the Nicaragua
route. and continued in successful operation, with
great advantage to tue public, until the 18th Of Fehra-
sry leJf, when II was closed, and the graft 20 this
coniusuv as well as it, charter, we're summanly sud
rrbitraIiy revoked by the government Of Presiient
Eivas. IG,yiols TO this date, however, IN lsi sen
Gus disputes concerning the settlement OIL i1elr &C.
counts had arisen between the ccmIan and The Gov
p.p, threatening the interruption Of toe route st
any moment. These the tuitcd States in vain er-
1fsyored 10 compose. II would be useless ~ narrate
the various proceedings which took place between tho
partes up til the tine when the transit was dsor.
ipued Suffice il to ray that, slIee February, ls6,
I
ztrs Of the Upted States. Since that time the cou-
pttton has ceas,d between the rival rcues of Pan,
ma and Nicaragua aud 10 cot sequetce thereof, ~
unjust ard unreasonable amount has been cnac'e.
from our citizens for th,r passage to GLi ifom "a
iOrnia.
A treaty was signed on the 10th day Of Novenbr,
lS57 bv the Secretary Of State aud Minister OF Nc
ersqua under the stipulations of which the use All
protection OF the I.aosit route would have beea s.
cured not oLly to tie United States, but equally hA
other natiors. How and on what pre,eNts tina treaty
has failed 70 receive the ratification Of the Nicaragua
Government will appear by the papers herewith con,
uunicaten from the State Department. Tue plncph
objection seems To- have been 10 the 1rovls!on au.hor
izpg the United ~ ltes 10 employ force 10 keep ts
route open in case Nicaragua should fail To perform
Ter dnty In this respect From the ieeoeness os ths
X. public It's frequent changes of government, and 10
constant in erna dsse nsiols, this had become nos.
important stipulation, and one esscntl,y neoes,ay
po ouly tor the security the route, but for the sa
Of American citizeus passing ant rcp"sng to sa
irom our Pacific possessions. Were suc1 supulate
embraced IN "A treaty bet the United States all
Nicaragua, the knowledge o this fact would Of it'll
most probably prevent hostile parties from commit.
ting aggreeslons on the route, aod render sciul
Interference TO, i,s protection Unnecessary.
Tie Executive Government OF tins country, in fs
Intercourse with foreign nations II limited 10 the en-
plGym Of diplomacy alone When this ialls II cal
proceed no further. Il cannot legltlmately res0r, 10
force without the direct authority of Congress, ehp.
in resisting and rcpelh. hostile attacks. II x0gh
have authory to eLter the territories OF Ncaraga,
even 10 prevent tho destruction OF tue transit and P-
tect the ves and property OF our own citizens on thar
passage. ti- tri. that ON sudden emergency J, ta
character the President would direct aay armed sors
in the vicinity To march To their relief but 10 d0i
this he would act upon his own responsibility
Under these circumstances, earnestly recommni
70 Congress the passage Of an oct authorizing M
President, under such restrictions they may deen
proper to employ the land and naval forces OF ts
United State. in preventing the transit from beiagoe
siructed elosed by lawess violence and IN pro,ee
ing the lives and property of American citizens usve
lDg tbereuPoD, requiring at the time thst thes
forces ehaii bo "hdrawn tne moment the danger sha
lave passed away. Without such a proyi,on, o1
citizens viii be constantly exposed 10 interruption i
their progress aod T. la.less violence.
SIMILAR Iecosrlty exists for the passage Of suchu
act for the protection OF the Panama and lehu.GI~
pee routes.
In refertrce 70 the Panama route, the United stss
by their existing treaty with New-GraDada, express!
guarantee the neutrality Of tAc Isthmus, with 10
view that the free transit from the one to the oAs
" sea may not be Interrupted or embarrassed 10 AZ
future time while this treaty exi ,ts."
10 regard 10 the Iebuahtepec route, which has be;
recently opened under the mOst favorable ausO,cee ~
treaty gth Mexico Of tine Both December 1855 secds
h. the citizens of the United States ii ght of trans
over il for their persons aud merchandise, and stpF
lat,s that leither Government shall "ntsrpose 81
obstacle y thereto IL also cOLo.dcs 10 the tsE
States the right to transport ecr0ss the Ishmnsl
d" closed bags, the mails Of the United States ~
intended fer distribution along the line Of the CO..
" niuI.catiOu, aisO the effects of the Uaited SXs
" Covenant Ut and its citizens wbcn may be ipteDd
for transit and not for distribution III, Lthlsl
" free OF custom-house or other charges by the Msr
4" can Government"
These treaty stipuatiops with New-Gransis ~
Mexico, in ADDITION TO the considerations sppca5ss
tie Nicaragua route, seem to r qghe legsIat.on@ X
the purpose Of carrying them into effect.
Tie Injuries which have bcea iufi tod upon %
citizens in Costa Rica and Nicaragua during the M
two or three years have received toe prompt seaSs
Of this Government. Some Of these Injuries were
the most eggray atei character. The irsbssehaa
Virgin Bay IL AprI. leJ0, when a company of unsrne
Americans, VINO we're IL wey connected with y!
lt liz Itrtnt conduct or party, we've fired upon Dye