The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1858-05-16

ELrvlAL XBx9TY ID SoUIu Ax1IcAs
~>S>>>>~>>>>~~~oo~o~~>
TIE DimcuIty Between D~ssos Ayrss snd Vac
Arvessass Rspahisc.
HD CLAIMS or BUnNOs AYans Fos sUPRshNJY IN
Snu ARGKNsINs REPUBlLC-HsR CoNrBsy5 WITH
SAH 01HHR sTAras-aTrnhPr TO PRSy ENr TIE
vAnu EAvb0 ALTON or vWB RIVERS LA Plata AND
ArvoS or Ths OF HER SAFES
- rHRow ofN TIA MrssIoR rDJviAL ocAhu-
HscArloN 10 ALA COUNrRIBs-IhfoSrANcsoFr tbs
YnADn TO THs COMMERCIAL wosLD-Buros
AySks pxsIKks NJ HoSefoLIss r-BUsNos
AYkKs OCCASION From tbs AkGENrINs REPUBLIC
POLICY OF UsQUIzA.
The recent opening of the rivers OF Paraguay 70
Che commerce q the world, by treaty between
Brazil and Paraguay, and the norwng Oh the
Nicaragua Tray.st route by the ratAnoaVon oil the
Yrfarr treaty have attracted much attention 70 the
sabject of uo huvial communicated Of the South
and Central American States. The following arti-
ssc comprises much interesting Information on this
importsnt question, derived from vWious s0nrces'-
3uenos AYres, separated she now Is from the
Aygentine provinces c0ntaise Use 900 inhabitants,
halt ofwhom lead pastoral lite, and make no use
Il European imported GOODS the other ball reside IN
1he city. The statistics OF trade and commerce
with the Argentine republic speak of the whole Ar
gentne nation and country under the name Of
Bnsnos Ayres, which would seem TO show that
Baenos Ayres alone was and is the centre of trade
md that none whatever exists with the 0taer Ar
genuine States. But BaeBos Ayres h only an inter
mediate port to all the Argentine States, IN the came
Monteyideo, at the present day. for all the
Apterior ports
Up TO the present time, Buenos Ayres has been
She intermediate port OF the fourteen Argentine
SAates These States possessed other havai ports
better than that Of Buenos Ayres; but they
we're all closed TO commerce and to foreign vessels
BY the laws of the Indies. The term " nuvial
liberty" in the Argentine republic signifies the
eprning Of all the great auvial ports to the direct
had or all the woria-that is 10 say, uvia liberty
uixnifes the loss to Buenos Ayres OF the privilege
Which she has possessed from all preceding times,
down TO the fall OF Rosas, of being the exclusive
~ .lsv.a hot do and
q all the other States the river to ITSELF Fuvial
liberty makes Bnenos Ayres to be no longer the
only port having communication with foreigners
md foreign trade, thereby virtually closing and
PROVINCES but il opens these ports and gives free
navigation Of the rivers to all the world.
Pluvial liberty was first proclaimed in the year
ls62 and yet notwithstanding this fact, in 1856 the
Indirect trade Of Buenos Ayres and Its exclusive
character continued rs active as ever. The advo-
Gates for the monopoly of Buenos Ayres assigned
the for this that the rivers were not nav
gable and the fuvial ports not fitted for carry
ing on q direct trade But these alleged reasons do
not operate TO prevent Buenos Ayres from carrying
ga an immense trade, and indeed the whole Of her
trade with these very huvial ports But the reason
Why Buenos Ayres stlll retained all the trade with
fsregn nations very different from those above
assigned. The true reasons are because indirect
trade the having no direct commerce with foreign
countries, and receiving everything indirectly from
Duenos Ayres is a habit confirmed by ages
10 all the Argentine provinces; it is regular
II u
taion among them. During period of many long
ages it was a crime amenahle to punishment
N any of the huval ports either To import even
70 export goods and productions directly into or out
q the country which in the present day is known
ander the appellation Of the Argentine republic.
Everything must pass into go from Buenos Ayres
and Montsvideo, which we're the only ports on the
eoast authorized under the Vceregal government TO
carry any foreign maritime commerce. This
vas the fundamental law of the Spanish Argentine
colonies and it was first formally aorogated and re-
voked by General Urquiza in 1852.
T1ade sdspts and accommodates itself to every
thing and TO all circumsta 10 and
n blockade. IL finds out a way OF getting some ad-
vantages in all sorts Of conditions OF things. When,
however, this If the case, that a trade has been
established under certain difficult circumstances and
sessrctons, then 10 such trade peace and liberty, il
they should arrive, would fall upon it a sort of
yuinous crisis. The trade of Buenos Ayres and Of
hentevideo has been organized under state Of
blockade, under which blockade the old Spanish
colonial laws placed all the immense Interior pro
vinces and States, called genercaly the Argen-
Ane republic, and which situated upon the borders
Of the vast inland rivers From this state of things
has originated the outcry and camor raised by
Baenos Ayres and Montevideo against the and
dawn Of a Aew trade ana commerce under the bene
ncia influences of huval liberty The effects Of this
huvial liberty are dreaded by the enemies OF new
trade; Such has been the olPltion It has met with
obliged TO be Icsorted TO in order 10 give 10 the
trade and commerce Of La Plata, educated she has
been under the harsh laws OF Philip H., chance OF
emerging from Its snh1ugaton and pupiiaCc, ana
Of quitting the indirect tortuous channels, ia which
\ has hitherto flowed and slowly moved TO enter at
snoe into the direct channel always open be
fore IL.
This IL Is which was the end and aim proposed by
She law Of diferental duties, lately enacted by the
Argentine Confederation in Congress assembled. The
object Of those laws 10 convert a liberty which
was emily written on parchment into practical
fact
Between this new Argentine system and the old
commercial system OF Buenoe Ayres there exists
the folio wing essential difference. In former times
Buenos Ayrcs spoke thus;-"Au the Argentine nu-
nal ports are closed and shut 20 all exterior and
foreign commerce, and have no trade with any one
except with me" Such was effectively and In reality
the attitude and position of BueDos Ayres with respect
70 all other Argentine States. But, in the present
asy the Argentine confederation speaks az folOws:-
All the Argentine ports without any exception
whatever. are freely opened 10 foreign commerce on
The condition that such traders from foreign
countries shall OF them bring all their several prodac
hons directly % those ports or ~ any Que Of them
~ formerly they used 10 bring them 20 Bnenos
Ayses by this provision OF the Law the indirect
sde with those ports by the iutermedium OF Buenos
Ayres IL not by any means prohibited: only
the old impediruents, the relics OF the old vice
regal monopoly given 10 Buenos Ayres, arc
Zone away with. The Argentine law Is
N favor Of the foreigner, inasmuch as it, tenden.
ey II o. introduce him at once into the vast
region Of Argentine America. From this direct com
nun,cation Buenos Ayres, on the contrary, would
exclude and shut out the foreigner, on the old pra
eiple Of the colonial system.
IL h true that at the present time both the Argen
kne parties viz; that ~ Buenos Ayres and it, OPP
popents, affirm equally that they desire % have
fuvizl liberty and frsedom Of commerce. But there
N q very easy way Of finding out which Of them
speaks truly and honorably. We have no faith In
ssre words and protestatons for they are too often
nothing but disguise and a mask used TO maintain
and Keep ny monopoly which v secretly loved and
NJ threatened loss secretly ceplored. We do not,
ereiore give any trust 70 words; We can give faith
only w. facts and interests
fluvia liberty is FOR Buenos Ayres the loss Of It's
cid monopoly II " the loss OF all the advantages
which IL derived from the shutting up Of the great
riveE. II takes away from Buenos kyres the muno
poly Of the Argentine treasury (which In derived
from the receipts Of the custom house which served
her the monopoly Of a European immigration and
population, and all the spontaneous culture, i'm