New-York daily tribune., 1858-03-17

wsrons be gives himself up TO dissipation, feeling co.,
sS,nt that none OF his neighbors will cut his lg.r
tauce on that account. ,,, 49,. ....
IA families are few 20 children are comparatively
M So "a .,hools generally not the best, sod ,gl
.ior dcar According 20 the Schooi Cehsas Of ls2,
there sre -, ,722 children between the sges Oh snd
II in the State, NcluslVe oI tue IVtneso oi DEL
No Er.zpo Klamath and San .uls ooispo Which
tays ssn. no returns. Let ne make the very liberal
Twsp~e Of l. 600 for those counties, and we h.ye
b. - eSmpsrsd WITH I'UV occordn~ %u1 u men zen sd
- of Is50 the number of children between ard IS
year, in the whole Union was ',ioo'ooo, ~hiie there
were t2l t persons over the age o' ~, or neary@
10 lCO ..; ,a -. oo,seouo,, ,,.
-, s..,e ot society make servant girs shy Of the
country and the few here demand enormous Nages-
i've and sin times greater than sIe aid IN N-fok
,Csin the want Of families ana OF perisneht pop
- D,,svsn,s the establishment OF many branches
of bu.ness which important 10 supply some OF ths
n1uri, and even miorts oi ne ana sc are eSher
entirely lack ng are obtainaoie Only a. very ge'.
VI , Of the inhabitants are here ioT out few
voo, s,d are no, permanent even for that oref tine
In spv one par, of the State the residents % the van
Gus districts worthy strangers 20 % san osSsr As
the people are among strangers ana 90 not expect 10
r,nsin smopr them long reputation loses Es vaue,
and public opinion It's power ana mus forces OF great
nhuen in preserving the good oIoer oil society else
where have compsrativey little influence IN the mnes
| These various social evils chaie and fomsnt one
another and the consequence is that the miners Who
have come TO the State intending TO feun omy aiew
wears are likely TO change their intention Hisot
course the ambition Of most men the country TO have
homes of their own; TO have wives and famlie. 20 b.
with them and 70 enjoy their society. Since they Do
rot propose to become permanent cuihens ne,e mar
red they do not bring their families with them
,er,ied thew do not marry while here. The necessary
ect OF this state of affairs is that there is an exceed
;n anxiety 10 get away from the country as IS
possible. eversh excitement pasVsl' y. through the
| Med hight The game is TO make iortune IN sew
months or TO be bankrupt and there are .ens OF ,hou
ands to play at it, Men complain am tGat tney csnnot
poy life in the mines that HE there ls mere brutal
e,sienre and they become desperate IN Their anxiety
10 leave IT, to go elsewhere where peace and comfort,
nermanept homes and social orderpreval; where ne-
me1ous well-reguated families iurhish ssrees0e COM
| nepy for the married, and where numerous accom-.
plisbed Young ladies furnish not less agreeable com
pany TO the unmarried. Our society Is IN state Of
feyersh excitement. Most men IN CalnoEnla 90 not
live here 10 enjoy life, but to make money 80 that
they NAV enjoy life in some Other country NOT that
the reope are psrsmonious-fa from II bot they're
| puGed up with extravagant expectations, or rather
| determina natiCns. Unless they can earn very large
| wages they will not work at all. Ihe merchaat VIII
| moi he content with regular business, psyng ten
| times as much profit as he could make with hkecap-
al in the Eastern States: he must 90 into wild specu-
| ations and risk everything upon remote enanSe Oh
| making q sudden fortune. The frequency oi hsolseh-
cies particularly in the towns Is lncompfehehsloe
| first 10 a man who comes here without understanding
the peculiar condition Of our society ana shs ssme
through the mines " III Oe W sec
flat the much abused Chinese are the only class VINO
| are always Industrious. The American miner will
| often do nothing for weeks and months, running up
long bills for L" boarding while he waits for ram, or
the competion of ditch for something else 20 turn
| up The Cinnamon content TO work at proht s
SO or $50 a month or even to earn mere nfIng,
rather than be idle; but the American miner v oi,en
too high minded TO accept such small pay anu YOU'D
rather be idle-at the risk of the boarding. house
| keeper and storekesper. His idleness Is frequently
called prospecting be travels shout hunting for
place to work and this prospecting may be said to
employ nearly fourth part OF the mining poplst'on.
The consequence is that a large portion OF the miners
are always 'strspped"-moneyless, or provided with
an exceedingly small amount OF money. AT other
| times they fall upon rich deposits, and then try 10
| make up in dissipation for past privatons And go
| the mining population comes 10 be an improyidsnt
one unstt ady, fond of gambling and other wild
smnsements As the scarcity of families land the IN
stable condition of society deter married men from
| bringing their families to California, so The vd
methods of managing business have an iLirence TO
oiive away prudent business nen, who prefer stability
and security to the uncertain prospect Of large gains
As the miners do not own the lands upon which they
work, and allowed TO occupy only very small claims
and cannot expect TO occupy them long 80 there arc
comparatively few capitalists who invest theH money
here, and consequently there are few persons who
mploy many laborers. And thus il s that u 10 -
difficult to get employment at the mines. Although
be soil is full of gold, yet many OF the mining towns
re full of men who would be glad TO get work at less
than the common rate Of wages but cannot get II, or
can get it only for very short time. The Immigrants
new country are generally poor men; and, unless
the state Of business is such that they can confidently
expect to obtain profitable employment on their frt
arrival there is little encouragement for item 70 come,
In regard TO the certainty of success upon 6rst
California offers less encouragement to the immigrant
than many of the States in the Mississippi Vsley,
ard will not offer more until the tenure of lAnds in The
| mines shall be changed
AL these social and commercial disorders contribute
20 drive away the money produced in the country.
People here cannot as general thing, go into bus-
ness which requires years Of preparation The profit
must be immediate. They will not invest money in
enterprises hIch require years for maturing. Their
money must be ready to be taken from the country
any time and on short notice. Men intending TO make
| their permanent homes in the West send their money
20 be invested there; others less uccessu having no
money To invest, must yet send away money 20 sup
port their wives and children, and California widows
| take millions from the state every year.
As the people do not own the land on which hey
i'e and canLot afford 10 make fine farms and erect
| substantial dwellings and build railroads. and could
not afo.d II without good titles even If they wished
70 be permanent residents of the State 40 the and
lacks the increase of value which il would receive
| from such improvements.
The act providing for the admission of the State Of
California into the Union makes il an express condition
oi the admission that the State shall never eyy tax
upon the public lands and this condition is held by the
Miners 10 protect their claims from taxation aud while
they share the benefits of the Government equ swith
the farmers, and have far more TO say in 1t than the
later, yet 2UO persons in the agricultural counties
pay more taxes than 5000 in the mining districts.
Such are the main evils resulting from the want Of
secure titles 70 the lands and more particularly the
| mining lands Of California. Tie minor evils are far
more numerous and well worthy serious con sderston
but there not space TO mention them in rewspaper
article.
| these evils might be remedicd so that IN three or
four years the mining districts Of California instead Of
| being socially the most unhappy and commercially
tne most unstable OF all Anglo SaIOndom, should be