The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1858-11-17


ST PETERSBURG, Oct %, 1858
S,.c.ratr Mania OF he Russians-heme for the General
Esab,shr1uf Of Prlmovy Schools--Tne Black Sea and
Mediterranean Scam Naroation Compony-Erension Of
Ys,ss,an Nara Sations-Frcsh Steam Narigation Pro
Scss-Iaussidn Successes in the Caucasus, DC, dc.
The speculative that seized upon the Russians
edately after the close OF the late st continues at
It's full heighth. The number of companies and assoca
OF every description that have sprung up in these
last years quite wonderful 1t true most Of their
projects only exist paper but the shares disposed
of without difficulty, and command premium even be
fore the first steps taken to realize the objects for
which they issued. These speoulaons are not
hred to railroads. steam packets banks manufactures
and similar matter fact undertakings they embrace
literary and scientific objects An association has
been recently formed for the purpose Of dusing edca
ton by founding libraries and cabinets de lecture every
town and considerable village Of the empire by publish
ing standard works. original and translated low prices
and encouraging authors of repute, by premiums to
write books Of amusement and instruction for the
masses- Great expectations entertained from
this enterprise but appears to that essential
condition for its has been observation-disclosures the
people enjoy the benefits Of cheap literature they
must first be taught to read Very likely however while
am writing this an association may have been set
foot for establishing primary schools throughout the
pre, which would certainly be Of practical utility
than all the other projects taken together though ii
another question whether would be particularly ucra
tive NJ KokoreG. the patriotic merchant of Moscow
would be the for such a scheme but ii is doubtful
whether his millions would suffice for gigantic
undertaking. When the Ministry of the Crown Domains
organized under the reign Of the late Emperor Ncho
las OF tho duties assigned to the establishment
a village schools but as yet in spite Of all the efforts en-
poyed, out Of the hundred thousand villages
prsed ~ these domains not one in ten in possession Of
such an institution.
OF all the new associations just alluded to, the Black
Sea and Mediterranean Steam Nay cation Company has ex
cited the greatest interest and has attracted the notice 81
Europe much BY its commercial by its political
importance II has been in existence for than
and thanks to the mileage granted by government
the shareholders have already received dividend of
pr cent Besides the ports Of the Black Sea- both Rus
and Turkish, It's regular trips include Consannople
Athens and Marsoies and they will be extended next
10 Alexandria Trieste, Agiers, Cad2 &c The acqu
ston Of the harbor Of Villa Franco by this company is
significant fact although the English papers, after the first
burst Of Indignation al the sudden stride made by the
COLOSSUS Of the North, have been trying persuade
themselves that be nothing a coang depot In
reality il is military aud naval station, and viii serve
central port, only for the companys steamers, but
Tor the squadron Of men of.war which Russia intends
keep permanently the Mediterranean II
would be mistake however, TO regard this as
q demonstration against England, whose naval
force IN those waters will always be immeasurably
superior 70 anything that Russia send there. 1t vii
rather serve as oouncrnose to the naval ornaments
that Austria Is silly carrying al Poa, in the Adriatc
and a. u daily becoming more evident that the otto
man Empire cannot hold together much longer, it Is
necessary for the Russian flag 10 be at hand 70 take part
m the events that must occur when the final catastrophe
arrive has always been desderatum, too, for
y
have cramped and confined its operations since II
VAS rst called into existence by Peter the Great,
lfcin which only emerged az long intervals during the
Tu Ssh TO return home Immediately after the
o,uson q peace. The first step towards extending its
sphere Il action was made in 1852 by sending Admral
Putstne with squadron japan and the Chinese Sea
ton IL the Pacific, which is beng followed by
similar in the Mediterranean.
Ascend Steam Navigation Company, for the Baltic and
German Oceans viii commence rs activity next spring,
the capital having been al paid up and the boats pur
chased IN England and France. The AMOR Company is
sad 70 be prepsng to take advantage OF the facilities
obtained BY the late treaties with China, which will have
the effect Of drawing Oh the and fur trade from
kiaSh'a 70 The seacoast As soon the railway from
MarhnsA 10 Castries Hay IL consructcd-whch cannot
take long the whole distance being under forty-dve
mes-ihe RETRY and other productions Of Siberia the
AMOR will be transported from thence the Chinese
ports snd exchanged for which instead OF the long
and tedious land route through Siberia TO European
Russia will be forwarded Crousad BY sea round the
Cape OF Good Hope the Horn In this carrying trade
American bottoms arc likely TO have large share they
their way to Nlkolayeysk aud Castres Bay Several
Of the steamboats, that plying the Arnoor
built IN the United States and the trade between Russia
and America in those distant regions, which i already
respectable dimensions.
The news from the Caucasus is quite important The
summers campaign has been carried With energy and
seems TO have been attended with decisive results The
operations conducted In the south by General Wren
sky and IN the north by General Eudokno The former
crossed the chain Of mountains that divide Tashha from
Doghertan and which rise IN places 70 the height OF
~ 600 feet presenting almost nsupcrablc dicu.ues 70
the march o. an army. The mountaneers offered the
be tai by Storm and the assault Of them Gen
yrcnsky himself received mortal wound. Ills brother
had met with the fate al the battle ofthc Tchcrvaya
10 the Crmca He survived long enough however 10 re
ceve the submission Of the Ddritz the warlike inhab
taLts o. those mountainous regions, who have
always distinguished themselves BY their invete.
rate enmity % Russia, while Col. Karghanoa. his
successor IN the command penetrated the Businesses
q Ankratl and ELECTED Junction With CORPS that al
Nanccd from the eastward the IL the Samnr
Not Russian soldier lad ever been seen except "a a
prisoner those inaccess bic he ghts from whence
armed bands used 10 descend, Ike eagles from their
eyres 20 lay waste the fertile plains Of Kaheiia. which
ore at length. i hoped secured from the Of
these daring marauders. In the meantime General
tadoknon, who wa opposed % schamyi In person,
cecoed 20 occupy ng the right bank 81 the Argoon and
drove the enemy before him into the forests OF chker
To dsirac, his attention and put stop 10 his progress
that quarter, shamyi struck on the northwest and
made RAPID march IN the direction Of the fortress Of
.ro5uaya, -, Wa surprised IN his camp by General
prisoners and all lis stores aud baggage Tbs disaster
stated 70 have given the finishing bis prestige
which had already been rudcy shaken By the nauspi.
cioue termination Of the two last campaigns Tie IN.
habtanis OF the Tchcichna against him. pu; his
Naes % The sword and sent populations % the Russian
aad Offering ~ swear fealty 10 the White Tar Shamyis
soa, kez Mahomc' e-dcavorcd IN recall them 10
rebeious subjects and Russian detachment that had
been despatched 70 Their assistance b. Eadoknon while
Schanyl himself With his srA hie treasures sought
refuge N hts stronghold ~ yedn al the very satnma II
the AndRn mountains, abandoning the whole TcIechnia
20 the undspued sway q Russia Gen. Euaokinoa says
70 hs rerofi, Tat the war, not entirely ended will
benceforth assume different character bong limited -
evuHhnE uc hfaVAahNA IN ihfN 49, glance, and Eradns
ally subdung she ~ the Isolated rbes thar
persist N their hostility. Tho CrCass ans who must nos
be COMPOUNDED With the Tchcichcrges aud ghans have
hardly stirred this summer and appear 70 to much
curcd with internal discussions that they have leisure
for Their usual ofayE, That government considers
tho purhcaton ~ the Caucasus - b. almost emrat 4
evident irOm the variety ~ plans that pro- os ant
are partly N progrcss Tor the improvement ul tic
Try. THIS spring tho atemt made ~ uavyafe
the river ~ q kutas with steamers Which has ben
quite successful. From kusis 4 railway sill D. COO
structcd 70 Tits and irUm tbence y Bssu, thus
meeting the Black Sea With the Cast submarine ter.
graph 70 b. laid down from rot n TIE mouth or the
river, ~ The Crimca, ard thence Nana AMI anoshcf
toin As,rskhan 20 Astfahad, whoa whpu comuetea wu
establish afeeGrarhc from t8m tern
most shores " Egrope " nc front refsa All 80
great Aibc cable shoud have Eot aihrultes ~
thai time there viii ~ rl0ns III eleerlr wires
f.c,. 49,. ..ff - 49, =. Il. 7.