Arkansas true Democrat., 1858-12-22
and in demanding their prompt and satisfactory

nent to adopt such other measures as may be necessary, in order to obtain for itself that ius- tlce which 1t has in vain attempted to secure by peaceful means, from the governments of Mi caragua and Costa Rca. While it has show and will continue to show, the most sincere re- gard for the rights and honor of these republics It cannot permit this regard to be met by utter neglect, on their part, of what is due to the government and citizens of the United States
 Against New Granada we have long standing causes of complaint, arising out of the unsatis- ned claims of our citizens upon that republc and to these have been more recently added the outrages committed upon our citizens at Panama in April, 1956 A treaty for the ad. lustmcnt of these difficulties was concluded by the secretary of state and the minister of New Grenada, in September, 1857, which contained just and acceptable provisions for that purpose This treaty was submitted to Bogota and was ratified by the government of New Granada, but with certain amendments. It was not, how ever, returned to this city until after the close of the last session of the Senate. It will i'm medlately be transmitted to that body for their advice and consent; and s..ould this be obtain ed, it will remove ali our existing caAses of complaint against New Granada on the subject of claims.
 Questions have arisen between the two 90. vernments. as to the right of New Granada to levy tonnage duty upon the vessels of the United State, in itJ ports of the Isthmus, and to levy passenger tax upon our citizens arriv- ing Tn that country, whether with design to remain there or pass from ocean to ocean bs the transit route; and also tax upon the mail of tho United Ststes transported over the Pan,- ma railIoad. The government of New Grana- da has been informed, that the United States would consider the collection of either of these taxes. as an act in violation of the treaty be- tween the two countries, and as such would be resisted by the United States. At the same time, we are prepared to discuss these questions in spirit of am:ty and justice, and with a sin cere desire to adjust them in satisfactory manner. A negotiations for that purpose has already been commenced. No effort has re- gently been made to collect these taxes, nor is any anticipated under present circumstances
 With the empire of Brazil our relations are of the most friendly character. The produc- lions Of the two countries, and especially those of an agricultural nature, ale such as to invite extensive mutual exchanges. A large quanti- ty ot American flour is consume1 in Brazil; whilst more than treble the amount in value of Brazilian coffee is consumed in the United States. Whilst this is the case heavy duty has been levied until very recently upon the importation of American flour in Brazil. I am gratified, however, to be able to inform you that in September last this has been reduced from adolar thirty-two cents to about forty nine cents per barrel and the duties on other articles of our production have been diminished in nearly the same proportion.
 l regret to state that the government of Bra gil still continues to levy an export duty of about II per cent. on coffee, wiihstanding this article is admitted free from duty in the United States This is heavy charge upon the consumers of office in our country, as we purchase half of the entire surplus crop of that article raised in Brazil. Our minister under instructions will reiterate his efforts to have this export duty removed, and it is hoped that the enlightend government of the Emporer will adopt this wise, ust and equitable policy. In that event, there is good reason to believe but that the flommercc between the two countries will greatly increase, much to the advantage of both.
 The claims of our citizens against the gov I ernment of Brazil are not in the aggregate, of very large amount; but some of these rest up- on plain principles of justice, and their settle ment ought not be longer delayed. A renewed and earnest, and trust successful effort, will be made by our minister to procure their final adjustment.
 On the 21st of June last, Congress passed joint resolution authorizing the President "to adopt such measures and use such force as. in his judgment, may be necessary and advisable' for the purpose of adjusting the difference be. tween the Uuited States and the republic o Paraguay, in connection with the attack on the TfpitaA ;toL ,.;, 1, other measures referred to" in his annual mes- sage. And on the 18th of July following, they made an appropriation to defray the ex- penses and compensation ol a commissioner to that republic, should the President deem it proper to make such an appointment.
 In compliance with these enactments, have appointed commissioner, who has proceeded to Paraguay, with full powers and instructions to settle these differences in an amicable and peaceabe manner, if this be practicable His experience and discretion justify the hope, that he may proev successful in convincing the Paraguayan government, that it is due both to honor and justice, that they should voluntarily and promptly make aronement, for the wrongs which they have committed against the United States and indemnify our injured citizens whom they have forcibly dcspoiled of their property.
 Should onr commissioner prove unsuccessful after d sincere and earnest effort to accomplish the object of his mission then no alternative will reman but the employment of force to obtain just satisfaction' from PAraguav In view of this contingency the secretary of tie navy, under my direction, has fitted out a naval force, to rendezvous near Bunes Ayres, which it is believed will prove sufficient for the occasicn. It s my earnest desire, however, that it may not be found necessary to resort to this last alternative.
 When Congress met in December last, the business of the country had just been crushed hy one of those periodical revulsons, which are an inevitable consequence of our uusound and extravagant system of bank credits and inflated currency. With all the elements of national wealth in abundance, our manufactures were suspended, our useful public and private enter pr,ses were arrested, and thousands of laborers were deprived of employment and reduced to want. Universal distress prevailed among the commercial, manuf curing, and mechanical classes. This revGlsion was felt the more se- verely in the United States, because similar causes had produced the like deplorabe effects throughout the commercial nations of Europe
 All were experiencing sad reverses at the same moment Our manufacturers every where suffered severely, not because of the recent re- duction of the tariff of duties on imports but because there was no demand at any price for their productions. The people were obliged to restrict themselves, Ill their purchases to arti- c!es of prime necessity. In the general pros- tration of business, the iron manufacturers in different States probably suffered more than any other class, and much destitution was the inevitable consequence, among the great num- Der of workmen who had been employed in this useful branch of our industry. There could be no supply while there was no de. mand.
 To present an example there could be no demand for railroad iron, alter our magnificent system of railroads, extending its benefits to every portion of the Union, had been brought to dead pause. The same consequences have resulted from similar causes to mauv other branches of useful manufactures It is self evident that where there is uo ability to pur. chase manufactured articles, these cannot be sold, aud consequently must cease to be pro- dnced.
 No government, and especially govern meiit oi snch limited powers as that of the United States, could have prevented the late revulsioli. The whole commercial world seemed for years to have been rushing to this catastrophe. The same ruinous consequences would have followed in the United States whether the duties upon foreign imports had