davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Memphis daily appeal. [volume] (Memphis, Tenn.) 1847-1886, 1858-02-28
0ransportattdu..
MEMPHIS AND CHARb BS40N
WASHINGTON,
PHILADELPHIA.
L - -


~ h.iHaTl fully and Iy s1ui-r.f s,e usssf-g
,i - a q lliful sni heafthy csu1 trT cf--s t5
s.l 49, - ~ Aississ25i valley routs-f irs-hvv-
1,lis.. lsn any other % & 81 suf Nr5f~a .57f
llA- AND EAhk hEDCCED -U1ce- ~. r-...7t
-. ot ne fost orias 9-psrt- uf na $50
Ha-ols ene sasiiig -f ctrd q = hsurs a r-s..
Pas-ing thr1ugh slav- r.rrit5-- .r5.. ---tta 49, 70
foraed for the c1nveyaucs 10 ss.rv4rf- ~ o.,
A. DAitoti-ba cnuioe ~ Route Is oTa-s,tt,.
lluuo1s rauNaT fhrouzh Gsnrgfr gorsf Fa--.-. - 'f
Eortd oaruina 20 Ric6m nd Or b. ~. Z. - -
tan Line tarongh kfst reunessfe aud Virsri. = --
vie; vile Lynsh5afE kiehmood and b al o. ~ a.
THs EIPRs-s NAIL TRAIN leaves Nm e.. ,as
81 30 n .stoDpinE q Status $780, 90
LhA ACCoNAODArl0N TRAIN Isa- "a
DAILY except iFndaysl a. 200 P m 'r1.fa
80, ~ ~ ~ Al.shsi5pi Ctnfrai and Tsln-s-r "a .rr
As,.'o5. ~ 80 eel,lssg end irter-lad.afe ia
EahtAo cOAhsCT-Af Grand Iuucf le4- asn strsrr
si,elsslpfl Central kailrcad 70 Holly sJrnr "a
? 9l7laf., lslton dacEs1nl eIc, an via r.
s.gpi ana l1asaaee Central kairoai b sogs- tss
At Poesaontas With tri weekly lire Of q es1 .s's
Aipess P5ut9too. Abcrieeu aud Coluusus ssss- -.- -
=. ~ .u.s- rlin aaiiy lie Of four-horse Crs-tes
tarsush Aoer cen Oouno7s % TIE nsrfFs-T - ~
nlnus of he hoble and Ohio Rsllroad.
fhruu2h uckets z0od until used with tn r-faHs-t -
.tlppinE a any point desired 8 "a a. tsstGrsra @.
IlekEI oFFic T. Comuercial Hotel znd tte i 49,.
Street 9tafiun ---f--- 81
saeh pess-nzer VII BE- alovs5 one hundr,s u-r-s,-.
2axE-gei no article vii F. csrred A. ba 49, fbst h
.l1e1t % m person % the passrngrr Ea-case d.
,t ~ % o. o. themselves responsible fsg "a .
heSroes shen i-syeiing alone. must have 4. ps-uis
ns ne Poant 70 Ehch hey g8 and gbsrf-vfnr
RED No ticset vii 5e SD theps r7- -fT 49,. ~
sissl on tns ezrs unlesH th-lr Or ac-rf -
ny Or knon 60 m roHet AEsut, Conductor or lt5
7l'on % F'aen To- senuineacss q psrrt
p e ARzs. -'-t
Seneral supsriutaru1sut. ...-
AVlEa
Memphis daily appeal. [volume] (Memphis, Tenn.) 1847-1886, 1858-02-28
InHY HAIIuM.

A TrOREET At Law, and General Collecting and
u se7griHE kEent West Tennessae astern Arkan-
Els and SsTfh Mississ pp once q UEion Block CsuFt
street ever Ciesves & GuiuE's Bookstore seps-iy
Memphis daily appeal. [volume] (Memphis, Tenn.) 1847-1886, 1858-02-28

EOK COUNTY TRUSTEE.
WB authorized 70 announce Rsv. JANIS \
WALKER 3 candidate for CcuRty Trustee o. shsIsy
county a. the ensuing March election. aug22-tes
Memphis daily appeal. [volume] (Memphis, Tenn.) 1847-1886, 1858-02-28
EnR r0NRranH

We are suthoriEed and requested 70 Announce =
a3LIEN 3kCK candidate tyr the cacs sf Constsbi
IN the Fnh Civil District. At the eusu ng Marsh eies-
siau. octll-tes
Memphis daily appeal. [volume] (Memphis, Tenn.) 1847-1886, 1858-02-28

We are authorized 70 snnounse JOHN W fAYLGR
cantate for ecti0n for the once q Constable
IN the Flfth Civil District oct7s
EnR CONaT ARI =
Memphis daily appeal. [volume] (Memphis, Tenn.) 1847-1886, 1858-02-28

are auLn0riIe1 70 ANNOUNCE FEANNlS
eSnddats FOR unity Trustee of Shelby osunty IN
ensuing March elecstn- ocr27-tes
Memphis daily appeal. [volume] (Memphis, Tenn.) 1847-1886, 1858-02-28
FOR ATTORNEY GENERAL

VIZ are h3rlz 4 to announos WILLIS L GhEEN
Esq riof0n. caniidats for Attorney Gen-ra Of
t1e Eleventh Juilia District, Of rsnRs see. Election
| on fhe drst SATURDAY, n Aprn fanfO
Memphis daily appeal. [volume] (Memphis, Tenn.) 1847-1886, 1858-02-28

TIOEEDPATHIC PHTsI0IAE AND SURGEON,
IL visa 20 Inform the citizens o. Memphis ans ts vi
cnitTs ttat be has heated hiusen - the southeast
ourner of EniJn Art Second streets
one hourE uni o'c0ck IN the morning. between y
and 81 H81n, a1d betEeen and On the evening.
HEfRENCEs-I 1dEs sha -kee; GOV BToUR, Of Miss;
Seison aitchl Ksq % Charleston. s. G; Drs He-ing
Lnpe o. Phls ephia and Dr. CAspzri, of L0uisvie.
4
Memphis daily appeal. [volume] (Memphis, Tenn.) 1847-1886, 1858-02-28
ARCHITECTURE

FI'Hb undersgned respectfully announces 70 the eiti
Il Eens ~ Memphis and surrounding country tb,f h.
s prepared 70 draw plans ard specifications OF birding
Of every description. estimate the cost md sup-rrd
me erection Of character Guiding draw conf-ar.
between TIE parties, a., kc-
He VII also attend TO the -ureusnt OF brir-urk
piasteTng, excavations or embauErneuts sc 10 the
planning and construction o. bridges surveyina of lots
IN any part Of the city or adjoining country
Il once in Bank Alley, over the 0Gice u Juize Hin
soutn o. Madison street " CRANE
sepf7-sm Architect and Civi Engtneer
The Nevada journal., 1858-12-03

OMEGA DITCH.-We learn that this
enterprise will be completed in thirty or
forty days, and will furnish an abund
ance of water 10 the miners in and about
Omega. The ditch is four feet wide on
the bottom by four feet deep, with ten
feet grade to the mile, and is calculated
to discharge four thousand inches of wa
ter in twenty -four hours. 1t is fourteen
miles long, five miles of which is hume.
The ditch is fed by the South Yuba
with the assistance of three small lakes,
one of which has been damned raising its
water six feet and producing an area
of one hundred acres of water surface.
The lower terminus of the ditch is for
the present at Omega. The waters of
the ditch pass through seven or eight
miles of good mining ground before
reaching Omega, which is supposed will
be developed wonderfully by the assist
ance of the ditch during the coming win
ter, to the great benefit of the little town
of Omega.
The Nevada journal., 1858-12-03

BIG BEAN PoD.-We have been shown
a specimen of beans, grown on the Ca
laveras, of the most astonishing longi-
tudinal proportions. One measuring
over three feet and half in length
we mean the whole pod, which con-
tanned bean at intervals of an ireh or
an inch and half. They are Chinese
variety of that vegetable, trained upon
poles. With all their parade of habita-
tion, however, the bean is not as large
as the ordinary Mexican .fJjoles. In
the absence of any name more appro
pirate, we shall call them Jack: the
Giant Killers" About twelve or four
teen hundred of them would make mile
of beans.-San Andreas Independent.
The Nevada journal., 1858-12-03

~ The Amador Ledger seriously
calls in question the right of the Su-
preme Court to make the decision they
did in relation to the power of the Gov.
to commute, or substitute one penalty
for another. The Ledger regards the
the decis on as palpable violation of
the spirit OF our institutions and the tenor
of our laws, and says the proper legal
adviser of the Governors the Attorney
General. the Supreme Court having only
power to pass upon constitutional ques-
tion when it comes before them in pro-
per form according to law. The Ledger
makes several points in the argument
but we have long thought if the Supreme
Court had been more frequently consul
ted by the Legislative and other officers
of the State, a vast amount of litigation
and perhaps millions of dollars would
have been saved. On the whole we
suppose the decision of the Supreme
Court at once, without cost, the best.
The Nevada journal., 1858-12-03

NE AN EXCITING CHAsE.-A few days
since party of miners living on Wild
Cat Gulch, near Sherlocks, were unex-
pectedly visited by a fine fat deer, which
came within few yards of their cabin,
Three of them started in pursuit of the
animal. One picked upthe poker, anoth-
er an old shot gun, and the third hatch
ct. The man with the poker tried to
shoot, but Ass gun couldnt go of-the
shotgun happened to be out of repair,
and the lock fell off as the owner was
comins.apt ofthe house-the fellow who
had the hatchct gave chase for about
half mile up one of the ''derndest" hills
in that range of woods. From all we
can learn he "failed to connect, or, as
our informant states-the deer seemed
to be gaining on him little toagards the
last Of the race.--Mariposa Star.
The Nevada journal., 1858-12-03

VThe finest Livery Stable in the
mountains is probably that of John A:
Lancaster, just completed, in this city.
tits "a feet front by 16O deep, embracing
stalls for 40 horses, accommodations for
carriages; hay and grain, an office, &c.
Its location is, also. one of the best, the
lot extending from Main street to Broad
and affording an entrance from both
1t was built by Geo. S. Peirce.
The Nevada journal., 1858-12-03
SHERIFF'S SALE.

u virtue of an Execution to directed and issued
~ out ofthe Dist. Court of the 10th Judicial District for
1uba County, State of California, judgment
dered on the 10th day of January 1885, in favor OF
Martin Chusman, Horace Beach. and w. b. Thornburgh
nIacr the name IF Chusman e. Co., and against Chas
Lupton and Richard Lupton, Defendants for the
oS'12 60, with interest Sl35 80, from the sad goth
day of January 1855 the of per per month
and legal interest the balance of the amount with
costs ofsuit.
have taken in Execution a certain set of Mining
Claims known the ''Massassaugua Co So claims To-
Gated about Of mile West of Little York. Nevada CO.
state of California
Also-The Defendants interest 10 the Cement Crush
ing mill, with Tools and appugtonances located the
same hill claims
Notice is hereby given that on NO NDAY 9th
day of DECEMBER, 1858. between the hours of Ten
oclock A. NJ. and -Four o'clock P III. in from: of tho
Court House Door, Nevada, will sell for cash hand
the above described property, to satisfy and pay the
aforesaid judgments.
Given under my hand at office, in Nevada on this the
I'd day of December, 1858.
S.w BORING, Sheriff.
ED. BURRELL. Deputy.
December 3, l658-tds.
The Nevada journal., 1858-12-03

THE LORDS TABLE.-In illustration
of the ordinances of the controversy that
has arisen concerning Henry Ward
Beecher's liberal style of invitation to
the communion, the anecdote is quoted
of an English Judge, who, on being re-
fused the bread and the cup, because
he was not member of the dispensing
church, quietly remarked, Il beg your
pardon, thought this was the Lord s
table: l have nothing more TO say, if it
is only private little supper of your
own 2"
The Nevada journal., 1858-12-03

No SPLIT IN THE DEMoCRACY NOW
Since the late news from Illinois, An
ti-Douglas Democrats are getting won.
derfully scarce. We hear Douglas
lauded everywhere as a Democrat.
Considerable energy has of late been
added to the execrations heaped upon
his Black Republican opponent. Since
the mail has arrived good deal of ex-
ira cursing has been expended upon the
44bolitionists of Illinois, by administra :
tion democracts. The signs are sug-
gestive that now is an appropriate lime
to burn little villianous saltpetre toge-
ther and both factions of the Democracy y
" "make up"
The Nevada journal., 1858-12-03
Toys! Dolls. Holiday Presents

WHOLESALE AND RETAIL AT
SANTA CLAUS HEADQUARTERS
IL Broad street, opposite Mayors Shoe Store.
THE ladies and gentlemen of Nevada city and
l. county are most respectfully invited to call at
II Broad street. and examine the largest and best
selected stock of Toys and Fancy Goods, ever ex-
posed in the mountains. The collection is so COM
plete, that in all probability nobody will leave the
store without purchasing, as it comprises large in
voices of India Rubber Dolls, Doll Heads, Toys of
all descriptions, Wax, Kid, China and Paper Dolls.
China sets, Baskets, Buckets, Wagons Wheelbar-
rows, Guns Swords Cannons, Drums Horses, and
Musical instruments of all kinds, and thousand 9TH
er articles too numerous to mention. Also choice
collection of Gift, Toy and Story Books.
A PEYSER, Al Broad street.
Novada, December Sd, 1858.
The Nevada journal., 1858-12-03
ARRIVAL OF THE ]. L. STEPHENS
ill.,
E-&.3-F

The mail steamer John L. Stephens arrived We'd
nesday afternoon at o'clock, with dates from New
York, via Tehuantepec, to Nov. 18th.
New YORK, Nov. 10th.-The steamship Asia, ar
rived from Liverpool, with dates from Saturday the
goth ult. three days later.
LONDON, Oct. 30th.-The emigrant ship Eastern
city, destroyed by fire near Cape of Good Hope
only one life lost.
The dispute between France and Brazil will be
decided favorable to the French government.
By the arrival of the Overland mail, have dates
$4,000 Minnie Rifles, intended for the insurgents in
Bosnia, had been sezedby the British, on the from
tiers of China and India. Sir Colin Campbell says
he will not be able to operate in India before the 18th
Of October
The English treaty with Japan is similar to that
of the American Government
The ATLANTIC CApLE.~The Atlantic Telegraph
Cable is working. The following is from Mr.. Geo.
Saward, Secretary, dated October 30th Barthole-
NEW, Valencia, to Saward, London
II have just received the following words from
New Foundland "DanaIs in circuit. The
signals very distinct Give me directions to use
our Danals battery-reply,' Immediately ON receipt
of the foregoing, sent the necessary authority to
use Danals battery at Valentia.
GEO. SAWARD, Secretary"
By the above it appears that the Cable is work
ing.
ELECTION NEws-NEw YoRK-The Republican
ticket is elected in New York by large majority.
MAssAcHu usETrs.-This State has gone largely
Republican.
ILLINoIs.-Thc Republicans have elected their
candidates for Congress in the 1st, 3D. 3D. 5th 9th
18th, sth and 9th districts. The latest returns ind-
cate small majority for Douglas in both branches
Of the Legislature, and large majority of the pop
ular votes both the other parties. The admin
istration VOTE out of 24O 900 cast will not exceed
5000.
MIcHIGAS.-The Republican State ticket is cleo
ted by about 10, 900 majority.
WIscoNsIN.-As far as heard from, the Republ-
cans have elected their ticket.
OHIo.-Republican majority 10000.
Observation-Disclosures by very small ma
jority.
New JERsEY.-Democratic.
MIscELLANEoUs.-WAsH Nov. 11th.-
Jose, demonstrating with him for warning the public
not to buy tickets for Nicaragua by the steamer
Washington.
The Collector Of Mobile refused clearance to yes
sells in that port intended for the conveyance of
Walkers emigration party, and refers Walker to
the Secretary Of the Treasury.
Gen. Walker promises that if he is re-instated in
he will resnect all Amar intarastS II,
that country. The difficulty between Walker and
Henningsen has been satisfactorily settled.
The Gordon has been engaged in taking sound
ings for another transatlantic telegraph from New
Foundland 10 the English channel via Fayal No
report of the soundings las yc; been made.
Mr.. Ten Brooks horse Babylon won the rare at
New Market, over his compettaa Olympus.
The Nevada journal., 1858-12-03

LOOK Our FOR YOUR RooFING.-A
material, says the Scientific American,
much used for flooring and roofing in
Europe, and called, asphalted felt, E"
has on various occasions been found to
be on fire. All such materials as are
composed of organic f5ers mixed with
hydro carbons should be carefully used,
as the are all liable to become irniteG
from chemical decomposition.
The Nevada journal., 1858-12-03
PREMIUM HAIR TONIC,

WARRANTED to restore Grey Hairs to their original
color and thin decayed hairs their youthful luxu
rance and beauty. Also, 20 cure, efcctually Scurf
and Dandruf Reasons why it should be used in pre-.
ferance to any other preparation for the hair:
First-one bottle will restore grey hairs to its original
color
Dandruff.
Third-There is no oil in the preparation, and will
not sol-the finest linen
This is chemical preparation and has been inanuf.c-
tured for many years in the Atlantic States and
cred to the public and guaranteed the best Hair Re
storative n ow in use.
Ey This Hair Tonic awarded special diploma
at the State Fair, Marysvile, August last
Manufactured only at the Drug Store of
ST. WATTS Marysville
And S old by E. +. SPEN' Z, Nevada.
Dec. 3-tf
The Nevada journal., 1858-12-03

The WEATHER.-For several days
past the atmosphere has been hyperbo-
rean, evenings and mornings. Wednes-
day morning the thermometer stood at
26 tlegrees Fahrenheit, and yesterday
morning it was apparently colder. A
singing wind swept the hills, reminding
us of wintry days in our old home and
making rousing fire CHEEKY and well
come. We notice the ground is frozen
dry and solid which the midday sun fails
to thaw.
The Nevada journal., 1858-12-03

BUCHANAN VS.. FILLIBUsTERIsM.-One
of our exchanges says the President has
issued a proclamation against fillibusters
after the usual twm." 1t is well said.
Nothing but fonnality is probably in
tended. 1t may be possible that the
disclosures made by iYalkerin reference
to the duplicity of the Administration
towards him on the occasion of his last
advent in Nicaragua may have excited
the ire of the President against the arch
fillibuster, SO that he really means to do
something in this instance TO maintain
the national honor
The time was when nearly if not all
the locofoco papers of this State were
strongly in favor of the fillibuster. How
is it nowl NUNS the word.
The Nevada journal., 1858-12-03

the Separation ofthe australian Col
onies from Great Britain Discussed,-
The Sidney correspondent of the Bnlle-
tin writes as follows:
The threatened rupture between Eng
land and France has created some un-
easiness and speculation as to the prob
able designs of Napoleon, respecting
these colonies, in the event Of war.
This uneasiness has been directly caused
by reports recently received of warlike
preparations that are going on at New
Caledonia, (the Nouvelle Caledonia of
the French on scale much more ex-
tensive than is necessary for the defense
of that island these matters were the
subject of special lecture, delivered
short time since before very large au-
dience, by the Rev. DR.. Lang, notable
politician, as well as celebrated cler-
gyman. who boldly advocated the poll
cy Of a. separation of these colonies from
England, in order that they might not
be liable to capture by the enemies of
Great Britain. as being part of the
British Empire. He thought that Bri-
tain would not only consent to sepa-
ration, but that such step would be
highly acceptable, inasmuch as the dis
solving of their political connections
would in no way affect their relations
socially or commercially. He also an
nounced that a petition to that effect
would soon be prepared for signature, to
be forwarded to the Home Government,
As the subject has not been publicly ag-
itated. there is no means of knowing the
popular opinion; but there is, as yet, no
active opposition.
The Nevada journal., 1858-12-03
Electric Cable without InSulatiOl.

Some weeks since we announced the
discovery by Mr.. John Pattison, of this
city, of novel mode of transmitting
intelligence under water by means of
uninsulated seircs. Doubtless many.
who, in their own estimation, belong to
she scientific world have already sneered
at the idea, and, with a great dea, of
sclf-suficiency. have oracuiarly pro-
nounced the same a humbug. They
may yet live to learn better.
We have taken considerable pains to
investigate the principles of the new dis
covery Of Mr.. Pattison and we are per-
fectly convinced that an uninsulated
cable on his plan can be worked for
short distances, say across the Bay of
San Francisco, with ease. For long
distances there may be some difficulty
which is not to be foreseen; yet, the
more wire that Mr.. Pattison has used in
his experiments, the more satisfactory
have been the results. The currents
seem to prepare themselves for greater
efficiency of action the moro wire is ad-
ded to the line-an augury of the hap
piest results in applying the new mode
to a very extended line. There is some
thing grand in the idea of making the
wide Atlantic a cup of battery and
using it to overcome the obstacles it pre-
sents to the communication of intelii-
gence from nation to nation far asunder.
Such. however, is part of the plan the
newly discovered theory evolves.
Principles heretofore known to some
extent by electricians are applied by Mr.
Pattison on a more extended and ex-
pansive scale, and yet to :he effect OF
annihilating expense. If the new dis
covery prove as valuable as its results
thus far seem to foreshadow, a simple
wire will hereafter take the place of the
cables costing much for insulation, and
no inhabitable island in the wide wastes
of ocean but may be able to obtain each
morning the news from the great hives
of humanity all over the globe. Steps
have been well taken to procure letters
patent in the United States and Great
Britain for the new discovery, and ere
long its merits will be thoroughly tested.
We have great hopes, based on what
we have seen, on the simplicity of the
theory of Nj. Pattison and the results
Of it put in practice, that an important
era is at hand in the unity of peoples by
submarine agencies. The indications
are certainly Aattcring that, unless the
powerful currents lately brought to bear
on the Atlantic cable have destroyed
the continuity Of the wire, that grand
work, over which the whole world has
just rejoiced aud is now mourning, Will
yet be rendered useful.
The Nevada journal., 1858-12-03
And S old by
Dec. 3-tf

PREPARE FoE Wlsr.R.--9s the cold, wet wea-
ther is upon us il lenooves every mau woman and
child who values l:ie and health to Keep the .eet dry
and warm, Thousands have gone to uni.mciy
graves for the want Of proper protaeton lie fee,
Let no Que go with feet inrcrcljiy - lied, lat
call at John +. Hooks Boot and s!.. ~t.-, Lar
dcrker's old stand Colamere.al st ana 81 mEor her
self with the best article ye had in any market
and =. rates within the reach Of ALL None need go
away uusa:sfed, as every variety of article to bo
found in the Boot and Shoe line is constantly at the
call OF customers. Remember the spot and give
your orders. Nov 25-tf
The Nevada journal., 1858-12-03

GOVERNMENT SURvEYING.-A party
of Surveyors under the charge of James
Trask, Esq, are located in this vicinity
and engaged in running township lines.
The utility of the work is supposed to
be all on the side of the persons employ
ed. The government like kind parent,
feels obligated to give employment and
sustenance to her children. especially if
they be properly ebedient to the powers
that be.
The Nevada journal., 1858-12-03

SINGING SCHooL.-Mr. B. F. Foster,
popular and experienced music
teacher, well known to the lovers of
vocal music hereabouts, will open his
school at the NJ E. Church on Broad
street. on Wednesday evening next, on
which occasion all who desire to partici-
pate in the benefits of the school are re-
quested to be present. Mr.. Fosters
success heretofore, and the numerous
solicitations he has had, to open school.
guarantee a numerous attendance.
The Nevada journal., 1858-12-03
MARRIED.

On Friday evening, Nov. 5th, at the brides resi-
dence Broad street. byiRcv. D. A. Dryden, SAMUEL.
HERvEY to CHARLOTTE B. Horz.
Funston S Best" huge supply, fit for the gods
and printers genuine Heidseck, accompanied the
above announcement. We sincerely hope and
confidently predict, that Expressman Hervey, in
serving his numerous friends the county will
not fail to leave occasional BUNDLE to make hap
py his own freside.
The Nevada journal., 1858-12-03

DoUGLAs NoMINArED.-The Mar VS.
vile National Democrat hoists the name
of Stephen A. Douglas for the Presi-
dency in 1860. 1t, however, indicates
willingness to allow the Democratic
National Convention to have say in
the nomination. If our Marysville CO.
temporary is willing to abide by the de-
cision of the Charleston Convention on
the claims of Douglas to the Presidency,
we infer it will swallow any nomination
made by that body, even Buchanan him
self-and we understand "old Buck"
has announced his determination to
throw himself in the way of Douglas in
1860. How is it Ridge2
The Nevada journal., 1858-12-03

EARTHaUAKEs.-The people of San
Francisco, San Jose, Santa Cruz and
country along down the coast, had a
right smart stirring up from an earth
quake on Friday morning last. The
shock seems to have been most severely
felt at San Jose. where the walls of
buildings were damaged some. 1t is
conceded to have been the severest
shake since 1856.