New-York daily tribune., 1858-04-16
% bear . hand; they ear pull W weeds, bach sswn
,msn susses, and lend their sid IN IanJ vsys

With increase Of nuvbers there il now in,-eased
rover Of association manifested BY incrcsAed divs'oo
ef employmsnss AID attended with augmented p)vef
20 command the service OF the great natols sgea.s
provided for their O2e portion Of the file Sn-
nuDty performs ell the Iabors Of the field whia
another gives ef 20 the further deveppmen: cf the
mnei al W. ath by which il s everywhere .uT0uD9ed.
They invent a hoe by means Of which the c';id'en
enaosd 10 free The ground from weeds, and ID
tear up Of the roots by which the bee. lands
these as brought ioto cultivation yet infested
Ibey have succ.eded IN tanning the or, but, az yet,
have had htte occasion for HE services. They nov
invent tie plow, and, by means Of piece OF S.;ed
hice enabled TO attach the by wbo.e heo t1ey
turn up q deeper soil while ey.en ding c1Ya:io1 57eY
more distant land. The community grows, and With
IL grows the wealth Of the individuals Of which IL -
composed, enabling them, from year TO year - 90
tam better mach merry, and TO reduce 10 cultivation
more and better lands. Food and clothing become
ICIe abundant while the the lower lads 10 ial-
proved by the clearing Of the timber. Tne dwelling
too il better Ia the Ou:set, !: vgs hSe IN me
ground. Subsequently, was compose1 0! slch de-
cayed ogs "a the unsided efforts Of the FIRE, settle
could succeed in rolling aid placing one 1p1n :he
other. A. yet, the chimney wss uDknoTn, AMI he
must live in perpetual smoke, if he would no; per'sa
OF cold. A. swndov was luxury theD uoth0pght H.
if the severity sf the weather required HIN 20 cose
his doors, he not only stihed, but paced his sys
in darkness. His time during large porJon OF tbe
year. wss therefore totally uDprodnctive, vbile his
lite was liable 10 he shortened by dsease p-ciu,ed BY
foul air within, or cold without, HE miserable
hut. With incre0sa Of population all have acqu:fei
wealth, re,uiting from the cultivation OF new ard bet
ter sOr, and from growing power to como1ahd The
services Of With this Increase o: ver there
has been further increase in the power Of as-eca'lon
with steady tendency 10 the development o! ln1lTid
uality a. d G modes Of employment have become more
and more dversiied. They now fell the hesvy o.A
and the enormous pine, and are thereby euaoied %
construct additional d1eiDgs, e8ch IN regua, tUcees
sion better than the first Health improves, and pop
uation increases rapidly. a pa. OF :; sn9s
employed in the field, while another prepares The
SKINS, and renders them more ft for cO.bing and
third se makes axes spades, hoes, plo~s, and other
implements calculated 10 aid the lsoors Of the field,
and in those of construction. The supply Of food n-
rapidly, and with il the power Of accumulation
in the rst years. there was perpetual danger o; fam
ne but row there being surplus, part u stored 10
provide ng ainst failure ofthe crops.
Cultivation extends itself along the hillside where
deeper soils, now laid open by the plow, yed 'sTeer
returns while down the slope OF the hi each suc'es-
trees by which the richer lands have heretofore been
occuped-the Intermediate spaces becoming mean
while enriched by the decomposition Of the enormous
roots, and readily posed because o.. the gradual
decay of the stumpt. A single oA to the plos
tuIn up greater space than 10 the outset could be
done by two A single plOwman can now d. more !hsn
the ground fret cultivated could have been done
by hundreds of men armed with pointed s'cks. The
community being ne1t enabled to drain some OF the
lower lands, copious harvess Of grain are obtained
from the better soil now fret cultivated Tnus far the
have roamed the woods, gathering what they
could, but the meadow s now granted TO their use,
the al and the saw enabling the family TO inclose
them and thus to lessen the labor attendant upon OBJ
tanning supplies cfmeat milk butter, and hides. Here
toiore their chief domestic animal has been the hog
which could live mast, but now they add beef, and
perhaps mutton, the lands fret cultivated being aban;
dored to the sheep. They obtain far more meat and
grain and with less labor than at any former period;
of their increase in numbers and in the
power of association. Numerous generations havicg
ady passed away, the younger ones now profit by
the wealth they had accumulated, and are thus cD
sbled to apply their labor with daily increasing
advantage Obtaining constantly ncreung return,
with increasing powerOf accumulation, ana decreasing
severity Gt eXerton They Low bring new powers 10
their aid, and the water longer s allowed 70 run 70
waste. Even the air itself is made to work wind
mills grinding the gram, and sawmi!ls cutting the TN.
ber which disappears more rapidly while the work OF
drainage in of being improved by help OF more
efficient spa6es and plows. The little furnace makes
its appearance, and charcoal being now applied - the
reduction Of the irony fielding soil il is found that the
abor Ct single day becomes more productive than |
before had been that of many weeks. Population |
spreads itself along the faces of the bills ana DOWN
the seat of the original settlement and with every
ep find increasing tendency to combination of ac-
ion for the production Of food, the manufacture OF
lothpg and OF household utensils the construction OF
bouses and the preparation of machinery for aiding in
all these operations. The heaviest tmber-that grow
ing on the most fertile land now disappears and deep
marshes drained. Roads are next made TO ia
citate the Intercourse between the old settlement and
the newer that have been formed around II, and
to enable the grower of corn to exchange for wool
perhaps for improved spades or powsi for clothing or
for furniture.
Population again increases with still further devel-
opment Of wealth and power, and herewith IS ac- |
qued leisure for reflection the results furnished by
the experience Of themselves and their predecessor
From day to day. mind becomes more stimusted into
action The sand in the Deighborhood beng found to
be mderaid with marl the two are, by ad Of the i'm.
proved machinery now in use, brought into combina.
ton thereby producing soil of power far excesdirg
that of those heretofore in cultivation. With increased
returns to labor all are better fed clothed and housed,
and al are melted TO new e4ere9Ds, while with i'm
proved health and with the power of working indoors
pnd Qutqidoo.S according 10 the season, they are ens
abd to apply their labor with greater stea1ness and
regularity. Thus far, however, they have found il
difficult to gather their crops in season. The haryes:
time being short, the whole strength OF the commu-
pity has been found Insufficient toPreyel much ofthe
grein remaining Oh the ground UNTIL ripe, Il was
shaken out by the wind in the attempt TO gather H.
Not uniequently indeed has been totally ruined by
charges Of weather after had been 4. for harvest
Ing Labor has been superintendent during the year,
while harvest produced demand for II that could not
be supplied. TIE rcapipg hook, however, now takes
the place of the hand while the scythe enables the
farmer to cut his hay The cradle and the horse rake
follow all tending TO increefe the facility OF aecunlla
on and thus TO incsease the power OF applying labor
to new soi!s, deeper more distant, more hesvI.y
burdened with timber, or more liable TO be flooded
snd thus requiring embankment as well as drainage
New combinations too, formed. The clay IL found
TO be underlad with the soil called ime, which latter,
like the irony yielding SOIL requires decomposition to 1T
ii for the task OF combination. The road, the wagon
ard the horse facilitate the work by enabling the
farmer readily TO obtain supplies of the carbon-yeld-
ing soil, called coal and he now obtains, by burning
the lime and combining il with the clay, better sou
than at any former perloi-Cne yeldiag more corn,
and recurring lees labor from himself. Popula-
ton and wealth sgsn increase, and the steam-engne
assists the woIk of drainage, while the railroad and
the engine facilitate the transport aton 10 market oi
his products. His cattle being now fattened at home