New-York daily tribune., 1858-02-24


.mers back and then trois his beast the do6cr.
.n,i the butter appears, down 10 the mscbne only
N,i week sent rejoicing from the Patent Office into
,ht, breathing world, armed with some oombina.
,cn Of daslcrs il ia evident that the effort TO pro-
Suee the greatest amount of agitation. To sgi.ate
The cream is the object OF ali churns msde the
aea never having occurred tbat anything else va.
reouiied But the probability is th0t the true cause
or sgent in producing butter is not agitation, but ic
hea. There ere many facts which tend 10 Copfm
nsb theory. In the old up-and-down pole churn,
he handle Of which works through mole in q move
abe i'd it IL observed by all who il st tie but
yer will come IN two cy three minutes the sides Of
the hole through which The handler passes. The
rule is absolutely mvar0ble-the butter always comes
frst in that hole. There is agitation there, 1t
friction exclusively. So in the barrel chutn, it is
rous 20 ali that very few minutes viii bring bn.ter
at the journals bearings of the axle which cares
the dasher In like manner butter is frequently
shnrned in rmall quantities in common esrthen jar
by means of spoon, which Is rubbed against the
sides of the jar. There is agitation here the
cream would spill ont. If n common d;nner plate be
filed with cream, butter will be speedily produced by
rubbing spOon on the bottom of the plate Neither
is this agitation, else the cream would readily spill
out the edges Of the plate. So in manufacturing
ise-c,eem by some of the patent oonrivances, which
consist OF vertical Shaft supplied with scrspers
10 clear the sides Of the tin canister which CON
tain the cream 1t is notorious that these scrSfers
when moved through the nearly frozen cream at
pretty rapid speed, will convert the mas5 INTO buer
This also is friction only, and the TACT that butter
90 readily produced at so low temperature, goes far
toward proving that temperature has really very
little TO do in the matter-nluch less than careful
bay need- fOur,COn-
diiops under which cream is quickly converted into
batter, friction being present in all, and agitation in
pont The theory s thus far sustained by a variety
Of facts all gravitating toward one conclusion. But
an analysis Of the cream will afford remarkable
frnation of the theory, and explain why friction
brings butter with such uniform promptness. Cream
composed of minute globules Of butter little sacks,
Ike the juice of an orange. These little gobues
must be broken and collected into homogeneous
mass and this mass is butter. Hence any process by
wLich they be mashed is the best and most expe-
dtOus. Friction performs the operation Of mashins
Immediately. Ii is accomplished also by agitation
but slowly, with great labor, and with much ad
nted uncertainty that the world is not only full Of
ehuLs, but Is growing fuller of them every year.
Hence o friction churn is needed. No common pro-
ject is more deserving of serious attention at the
hands of American inventors than this. The
sumption of churns il this country is great 10
be beyond belief. A decided Improvement OF the
knd suggested-a better churn than any yet made
viii make the fortune of any three men who may sue
eeed in producing it, The facts are al in favor OF the
theory and it cen require but little time money 10
elaborate them into perfect working machine.
EsGLIsH AGMcULTUAL IMPRovEMEETs.-Several
improved machines and processes have recently been
produced in England One, by Alfred Newton, relates
10 the cultivation ofland by spades operated by loco
ynetiye power the machine progresses in the field
1T breaks up dsintegrGes and turns over the sward
more thoroughly than be done by the plough.
ses of spades is made TO enter the land in succesion
and cut il into the of cpcle when the cut slices
are suddenly thrown up against shield plate, at once
rever.ng and breaking them almost into powder This
machine is only new form Of steam plough, at which
English mechanics still trying with unabated ectiv-
hy. Mr. John Fowler has also invented an improve
ruont in the mode OF operating the ordinary steam
plough, which greatly simplifies its movements and
enables il to e through the furrow with more GER
ts;rty and freedom. Mr.. William Dray of London has
raented an improvement in ploughs, which applies to
such plougbs as are provided with share in the form
of pointed bar and consists in the Of securing
.le bar in position after being pushed forward a
may be from time to time required by the wesring
away OF Tie pOlnt iH0 PotOHtVO NAoiA@ 'iN
construction Of ploughs which providedwith nova
bic share bars, in such manner that the bars can be
fghtened slackeped by means of an eccentric roller
or collar Mr.. Robert Reeves of Wiltshire has patented
cart body for the purpose of delivering manure over
field without requiring it to be thrown out by hand
The bottom of the cart body supplied with ongtudl-
nal openings in which revolve drags or blades attached
TO an axis under the bsdy AS the cart moves, these
drags pull down the in a condition Of complete
pulverizatiOn.
CANNON NOT DISABLED by SPIEING.-The silercng
Of battery by spikDg the guns is stroke OF daring
frequently performed in military operations. Tie ope-
ration is performed by driving rat-ta file into the
touch-hole and then breaking it short of. In some
Instances common nail is used. In either case the
gun is dssblsd for the time the touch-hole only
be cleaned by drilling ont the spike, and th, when i.
eonsists OF u file, is generally very difficult mGtter.
But an invention has recently been produced which
promise to render useful without touch
hole az with it. The inventors Gessrs. Gomez &
Mill. by whom it was tried at the NeS-York State
AIsepa fortnight ago. 1t is in reality safe y-iuse,
one end OF which pcneraes the cartridge and extends
through the entire chamber ef the cannon to the muz-
zle. where the gunner can discharge the cannon as
readily as at the touch.hoe. The fuse is chemical
compound, envelOped in a fat paper case, which Is
wrapped with cotton and aterward dipped in roSin to
prevent its becoming damp. When used for subma-
rpe purposes, it is protected by jacket of guitaper-
cha. The fire passes through it at the rate OF nile
M four seconds thus enabling man to discharge
broadside of any number Of guns the moment.
For ordinary mining purposes it is equally useful and
from its composition viii be less likely to fash withou;