Richmond enquirer. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1815-1867, 1858-08-13
LETTER FROM NEW YOKE.
lcorresr0adsaos q Ike EicAAoHd E"4-.r''..
NEW York. August 9ih. 1893.

lC0r'esl"'aleacs % ise Eic."a"'S A-"f-""''
NV York August 9;h. 1893.
The Orcan Tlegroph Cabie--ils rni"cto Merchants
-Hisforyof IHcerapk diScorsrcrs dnt d'scOre'1'S
10 ,rhom are nee most md, bed Latest Foreign
nens, Commercial nenS and PoLhcS.
The successful laying Of the Telegraph cable across
the Atlantic, has be-n the exciting i"pcol me Town
for the last two or thres days Inc ossPn'ches re-
reved from Trinity BAY Saturday afternoon seem
I'd 10 leave no doubt bu, tha cable had beth ihh' ana
har currents electrical pulssflons were passing DE-
tween ths old and new world. il successfully WORK
I'd. which We sincerely hops 1t may be, s greatest
effect will be manifested in commercial pnrsults-
Merchants in our principal cities VIII be com
PEELED to resort to s use 10 greater or less extent
1t will also add TO tho expenses OF the newspaper
prrss Tor foreign news.
Ii is strange how many great minds have con-
ribued. by important discovtrire 10 Inc discovery
of the electrical tel. graph The idea OF sendlng mes
ages by telegraph s very nn aud was irst indc"'rd
by w God, in England, in 7j6, and experiments We're
afterwards actually made with thai View, ny Dr'
Wilson, in England, in l7l7, who communicated by
II wire four mea in length, forming his circuit
of two miles of wire and equal distance OF ground
Dr. Franklin pet hrr, 1t is sai. IN spirits, by u wire
across the Schuyiki river i'll Ia. III was I'D i'o2
that he made the celebrated experiment with his KITE
to demonstrate the identity OF electricity evolved by
ap electrical machine.
Various attempts were made to form an electrical
telegraph by the uss OF atmospheric electricity, by
ramOn and Reser, in France. in 1854 Cavao, in
1885 and Batancourt, of Spain, 10 l79S. All these
schemes necessarily proved failures, because il was
impossible 10 produce sgnall at any very consider
able distance by the Use OF atmospheric electricity.
There some new discovery, or new mode Tor The
development Of electricity required.
Wehnd This accidentally Discovered by Galvanl,
Of Bologne Italy. He was employed in preparing
some frogs, with which TO make soup Tor sick wife,
when he observed that contact ot the scalpe with the
muscles of ts leg caused nervous cnnrac'lon.-
h. first hart hV IN.
ting pieces OF fash and metal by which electoral et
lects were developed. Volta, another Italian phios-
opher, improved upon Galvani and formed battery
by alternating pieces p dissimAr msials with slips of
cloth moisened with calculated waller, which, by hsv
ing wires attached to tho opposite ends ot the pile and
bringing their free ends in contact gave I'll strong cleo
tric currents. This battery formed the basis OF ali
subsequent improvements, among tbs latest of which.
were those OF II sesushining character, Invented by
Daniels and Graves, Of England, and which
ppyed largely by telegraph lines AZ the present day.
A number of attempts were made TO employ THE
new form of electricity TO telegraphic purposes, by
Soemerng, OF Munich in 1909, by usine the current
in the decomposition of water BY John Redman
Coke in 1916 and others. Still there wac some other
discovery needed; there WIS power wanted by which
mechanical effects could be produced at distance;
hence In 1879 professor Oersted ii Copenhagen made
the important discovery OF electro magnetism the
basis OF a modern telegraph operations. tr dl-cov.
cred, that, while passing current OF gavanic cleo
tricity through on iron or see needle placed near
iron drllings, that il became magnetic and attracted
them, and the moment he stopped the current the
needle becams Instantly demagnetized. In 1898 MIR.
Sturgeon of England discovered that if b. took Il
pieces of cold iron and placed II in spiral coil OF cop
per wire coated with non conducting substance and
placed tho free ends Of the coil in contact with the
wire poles of galvanc battery that while The cur
rent passing, the iron became much morr power
fully magnetic; while on removing breaking the
CURRENT il agan instantly lost its magnetism, and ~
sumed the qualities o common iroD and thus he could
magnezs aud detnagneze the iron as quick 80
thought by merely touching point, which orOhe and
renewed the circuit.
This discovery completed the series necessary TO
form the present system Of electrical t-egraphng over
the world. 1t was only necessary that the principles
developed should be improved IN instrument arrange
meuis No sooner had Ocrsted made bis di-cove
ny in 1879 than find that Anpere OF Paris in 1920,
actually constr ucted electro magnetic telegraph in
a rude form, 10 be- worked by keys something like
those of piano, with many wires IA letter. ot the
alphabet, and used The detection OF magnetic needle
for signal. In 1895 Mr.. Barlow Of England, also
| attempted 10 employ the galvanic current tor teie
graph purposes.
MIR S,urgeon's discovery still wanting, ami
which. as stated made in that yrar. In
1881 Professor James Henry then professor OF chem
istry ut PRINCETON College, effected important i'm
provrmeu in electro magnets, known A. magnets OF
jnensty aud grdry, and suggerfed that by their u-e
mechanical efecte could be practically ana regularly
produced al u distance.
entered The field with more succers. In 1882 Baron
SchilIiug of ST. Petersburg cUntrved magnetic tca
graph He used DETECTION needle with three wires,
ana AL alarm bel. conneced. In 1893 The first record
ing magnetic telegraph was Invented and successfully
worked by Cams q Webber OF Ioltingen. They car
rird their wire poles over houses and church
.,-epl-s, for distance Of 400 feet. In 1877 Sten'
hall put in operation areg'stertng telegraph oetween
Munich and Bogenhau-un He caur-d DETECTION
neede to produces doir, short marks on tiIleis OF
In he Il heal "A tn
duc-d into England their electro magnetic telegraph,
which has been employed there 10 this day
Prof. =. +. h. Mors- ii THE country. who had pur.
-,,-d the profession Of IL painter, claimed. that ih-
idea fret suggested itself 10 HE mind while on voy.
ags from Eur"p. III Sew York in 1882. lie formed
the idea 1T first, OF using common type, III II post
rule with which tn break thu circuit OF the electro
magnetic wires. aud worked nj this idea until it m-a.
surely proved failure His patent WIS not oh
t.inad until 1898 aud h;s frat line not bull
until 1874 Cork and Whest-:oh-, III England, mad
their telegraph III operation from London to Windsor
in 1910. What Morse did invent, was one from II
very simple and useful registering machins. which il
founded upon ths principle Of magneizing aud de-
m ague;3ing, in "A momen by letting UD, or shutting
off u current OF electricity.
Now little metallic lever, with little bit OF iron
~ one eud. aud blunt point beneath The other end,
works oh horizontal centre A smsil spring sepa.
rates the iron ut snd, very small distance from
the ends of electro horse SHOE shHped magnet.-
Now al the current is passed, the spring IL Overcoms
BY tbs attraction Of the magnet, while the point OF
m. other end il depreaaEd Against Il. II at paper,
drawn forward by the movement or ordinary clock
wheels The dots and dashes made by the indeDta.
iona of the lever point, stand for The letters OF the
alphabet. This comprises the whole invention OF
Professor Morse. He has contrived one form OF
telegraph machine; while there lees than six
others now in use, two of which vera in advance
OF his He nevsr mads single new dlrcovery In
electricity; he never improved u battery or chemical
Instruments but. like Others, combined the action NJ
things already discovered 10 producs ons hioue OF
elegrsphibg.
He II siill AL amsbls man. and deserves much
credit n. his labors TO establish the telegraph III ths
country. But this does not justify 'h- unle;tered
man. go prone TO man worship. TO give sil The credit
to Morse doing gross injustice TO other dlscoverers
without whom Morse would never have been heard Of
Had he never existed, the world would stlll BIZ IN
ppsseason OF electric magnetic telegraph JUST n
il IL az present. Morse, otherwise ainlabe hnd IN
offensive IA he is, has the weakness "i excessive
vanity His father the Rev. J-d,dIHh Morse, was u
Pr.shyternn Clergyman OF New Haven. His brother
and himself belong to the came church The iorrn-r
tSidney Morse) having made fortune rs me editor
and proprietor Of an able aud well managed Presby
t.rian newspaper, known IA til- Recorder. 80 that
Professor Morse, il not only the great man OF the
family, but Of the church Hnnce III theIr prayer
me-tinga all the credit Of tho success. of tho Atlantic
cable. under God, il given IN The Professor, while
during ALI IN. trials ut the present year he has not
beeu near il, nor contributed any Improvement
in respect to it whatever. Man worship has long
run roit with regard 10 DR.. trahkhn'' con-
nection with electricity The mass. and even
some newspapers, like the journal Of Com
merce,' put forward his claims OF having teen
the fret tn show tho principles on which an electric
telegraph could be made. Now, in DR.. Franklin's
tlm- no electricity known but 0ln0Sphfr'c cleo
tr.c,ty generated by mechanical friction aud with
whch no electrical telegraph could ever have been
usefuly constructed Dr.. Franklin so lar as We ar-
aware never made but II sing- lmporan; discovery
in electricity, and that by his celebrated kre e1
pertinent. and which resulted III urlhng practical,
beyond the al lightning rod Tor The protection OF
dweliingfi which, however, wa. of great value
The grand dscuverers of principle. which lave led
10 the important establishment Of The electric iee
graphs ss We now find them, and whose names should
never BIZ forgotten when speaking o this great dis
rovery, are follows Gaivani l'9'' Volta l'''
Oeralsd 1879 Amp.re 1870, Sturgeon 49,, Henry