New-York daily tribune., 1858-12-15

Literary pullo, Ul tue IrcSs, anu vi laII Piu! to
Intellect, Art and Industry, we protest against
book publishing and book.peddipg by Congress,
and demand it's utter abolition.
The Emperor Of the French has just undertaken
the execution of favcrite project Of hs, namely,
the regulation Of the price OF bread throughout his
empire. This idea he definitely announced as long
ago ss ls54, in his speech to the Legislative Body
on occasion of the declaration of war against Rus
sis His statement Ct the case at that tune is
worth quoting, and We give it as follows
" Above all recommend to your attention the sys-
tenn adopted by the City Of Paris; fcr If it ex
tend trust il will, to the whole Of France, 1t will
Tor the future prevent those extreme variations in the
price of which, ia times If abundance, cause az
rcultuIe to laDgulsh because of the low price OF
w eat ard in years Of scsrcy the poorer classes to
suffer greatly because of its dearness. That sys
tenn consists i'll tie Establishment in all great centers
of population Of a credit Institution called Bakers
BaLk (CoisSs de Ia BOniange ie, which, daring years
of deartb give bread at a price infinitely lower
than the official market quotation, on the condition
it, price ranging little Ligher i'll years OF plenty
The good haiyests being in general more numerous
than the bad ones, il i easy to understand that the
coper salion between both may be eflscted with
In addition, the immense advantage would be gained
of bding cred-cOmpeDies which, instead OF gaining
from rise in the lIce of bread, would like every one
what has existed to the present time such companies
would make money in of fertility, and lose
money i'll seasons OF dearth."
The principle here set forth is that bread should
be sold " infinitely" below its market price in bad,
and only "a little" above that same price in good
sessons-the compensation to result from the hope
that the good years will by far overbalance the
scarce ones An Imperial decree having in De.
LoI 10 DaLar's DsnL Of
Paris, the maximum price for the four-pound LOAF
was fixed at 40 ceniimes; the bakers being EN-
powered to claim compensation for their loss from
the Bank, which, in its turn, raised its funds by
the issue OF obligations guaranteed by the Munich
paty which, Oh its part raised the guaranty funds
by contracting new debts, and enhancing the excise
duties on articles of consumption at tue gates OF
Psrs. A certain sum was, besides, directly con.
tributed BY the Government from the public ex-
chequer. At the end of 1854 the debts thus
tracted by the Municipality Of Paris, together with
the Government money, had already reached the
sum of eighty millions of francs. The Government
WAS then forced to rescnd IFS steps, and to success
sively raise the maximum price of the LOST to 40
and 50 centines Thus, the Paris people had
what they saved in the price of bread, and
the rest of France had to pay general pauper tax
for the metropolis in the form of the direct Gov
ernment subvention accorded to the Municipality
of Paris. However, the experiment proved CON-
plete failure; the Paris price of bread rising above
the official maximum during the bad seasons, from
lc55 to 1857, and sinking below it during the rich
harvests Of 1857 and los.
Nothing daunted BY the failure of this expert
ment on relatively small scale, Louis Napoleon
has row taken to organizing, by his own ukase, the
bakers trade ard the commerce in grain through
out the Empire. Some weeks ago, one Of his news
papers in Paris attempted TO convince the public
that "a reserve Of grain necessity in all
considerable towns The argument was that in the
worst years of scarcity the maximum deficit Of
grain had been equal to Is days consumption Of the
whole population, and that the average number of
consecutive bad years was three. From these
premises it was calculated that ian effective re.
"serye for three months will DC all that can be
.senacted from human foresight" If extended
only to towns with minimum population of lO0,-
600 inhabitants the aggregate population of such
towns in France (PsIis excluded) amounting to
3.77O.QO0 souls each average soul consuming i5
kiloorammes Of wheat for three months, and the
present price Of wheat being about lif. the hec-
tolltre-such reserve, sccording to this view of
the case, would cost between 81 900 and 3D..
600. .OOOf. Now, on the 18th OF Nov. Tie MoniteW
published q decree in the following teras
Art ]. The reserve OF the bakers in al the towas
in which the baking trade is regulated by DEGREES and
crdr an. es il fixed at the quantity of grain or -four
necessary for supplying the daily make OF each baking
establishment during three months
"Art. . Within a month from this date, the Pre-
fects of Departments after having consulted the
shaI decide whether the reserves shall he
established in grain or -four and shall fix the period
within which they shall be provided also, the portion
OF them which may be deposited in public store
houses"
Annexed to this decree is list Of the towns
in which the baking trade is regulated" and
which, consequently, have to lay in reserves. The
list comprises all the towns and cities Of France Of
a certain degree of importance, except Paris and
Lyons, in which reserves already exist, and which
consequently do not fall within the operation Of the
decree. In all, there not fewer than l6l towns
or cities, and among them are Marseilles, st.