New-York daily tribune., 1858-11-19

nporse shows an advance in every sense. Stll the
eonpetton Is not yet free. Nomination through
family or political influence 10 still necessary TO the
rnvi%ge Of competing. In fact, competition and
ystrenage are still wrestling for the victory and 1t
10 not yet entirely certain which will triumph.
In addition to these systems Of examination
uDder the control Of the Government, IT would
seem that two volunteer systems had lately been
established, one by the Universities oil oxford,
Cambridge and Darham (and the same scheme is
uoder consideration in Ireland both by Trinity
CoIsece and the Queens Uaiversity), for those
who are about 10 erter the profession Of law or
medicine or who are dstned for architects or
engineers; the other by the Society Of Arts for
work.ngmen, mary employers Of labor having
promised to give weight to the certificates OF the
Sco,ety. In the civil service examinations, men,
ber Of the Unrersities are principally employed
ss examiners, and these new duties thus under
taken, were regarded as valuable, not only TO the
country, but siso to the members Of the Universe
tes, as bringing them into more immediate contact
with practical life.
On the second day, papers were read on com.
petiiiye prizes in elementary schools, which policy
appeared to meet with general approval; aud also
on manual labor. which might give pupils fitness
for industrial and mechanical pursuits, such as it
might seem probable they would have to engage in
On leaving school. Miss Mary Carpenter (who
was received with loud applause), read a paper on
the claims Of the Ragged Schools to participate
10 the Parliamentary grant. She stated shat by
far the largest proportion Of children in the poor
est classes left school before the Of eleven. In
only nine months 10, 366 children were appre-
hended, Of whom but three per cent could read
and write, and but half OF whom had no education
ut all. Ragged Schools formed the only instrument
by which this class could be reached. la DO direc-
ton was there a greater voluntary devotion Of
time and money than in the Ragged School move
ment and these schools, she c0ntended, were ell
titled to share fully, and not partially as at present
in the Parliamentary grant.
After these important subjects were disposed Of
. paper Of Mr.. Ruskn was read on "Educa-
"tion in Art" which we shall give entire else
where.
Ill. Punishment and Reformation, presided over
by the Earl Of Carlisle. The frat paper read was
On the subject of neglect in the care Of prop
erty and in the making of commercial contracts
thus tempting many persons into larceny and fraud
Ii was not right to put these temptations IL the
way of the weak.
The second paper, on the prevention of crime, en-
braced the experiences of the author in connection
with the Liverpool Industrial Ragged Schools. IL
urged that four descriptions of schools were re-
quired for the poorer classes, viz: ]. Free day
~rhanis for rhildran xxh mar shla auI
willing to give them food and clothing but were
unable or unwilling to pay the school fee. g
Morning and evening schools for children ia full
partial employment. g. Industrial schools for
children having no friends able to educate them,
and accuftOmed to wsLder about the streets. A.
Ragged schools for children having no home what
ever. With respect to the schools Of the third
class the author gave it the result of his expe
rience that the supplying the children with food
was essentially necessary, because to them food
was the first great attraction. Industrial training, |
which was also necessity, had been great at
traction, and he recommended that training ship |
should be established in the Mersey for pupils of
this class, as one already had been as school for
youthful criminals. He did not think that the !
training for profession popular with English |
youth as that of the ought to be confined to the
criminal classes
paper on the criminal population Of Liverpool, |
by the Rev. +. Carter, Chaplain Of the Borough |
Jail, contained much curious and usefu nforma-
ton. Beyond the amount Of crime and vice made !
obvious by arrests and trials there existed still |
further amount less apparent to the public eye, |
and Of which there were no tangible records. Mr.. |
Carter traced this other crime and vice to the |
casinos and dancing saloons which existed through
out Liverpool. He did not pretend to state their
number with accuracy, but he was led to believe |
that there were six or seven dancing saloons four of
which were frequented by prostitutes, and the
other three by females Of dubious character,
though not reputed to be actual prostitutes. Or
cigar divans and singing saloons, mainly supported
by prostitutes, the number was under stated at
twenty-five and there were, besides, thirty licensed
public houses and six or eight not licensed, to
which prostitutes had access at any hour of the
night. The average attendance in one alone OF the
hceDs, houses had been ascertaned to be seventy
females and hundred males. He regarded the
two leading causes of crime to be drink and pros
ttution. 1t was to its geographical position and
it's character as great shipping port that Liver
pool owed its high average of crime. The same
observation would apply to New.York.] The
sailor class were frequent offenders though, on the
whole, more sinned against than SHINING, being the
subjects of many gross frauds and extortons
There was also large immigration from ireland,
many of those who composed it being left destitute
in the town, and eventually swelling the criminal
population Of the "a, i,375 offenders IN 1891 o'o@i