New-York daily tribune., 1858-04-16
ard he .ee ssusb, Ii. rosd viii be over sAnd' p'-n'
I'm Ia .ors. 70 pc.ss, 10 eSustsy ~itAso' n7sra

bbd omsss WHICH, tbe PpssipH'J VI
ssnSen, entirely on .be psriodieA fN''' ie'",
.ard TIE coast ke viii see 8 country OF uhfNaes
m..,i6eep.e, " s.ered BY numerous riyer'' ID ~ns'
Tie cotton and it3igo plant grow sfentaheoehJ'
and 1hicA miet; Amos. supply the marAels O. ''1
word with sugar But this hDd s uneehed Ana
underlined 70, the ,impe reason that with the pee
est means Of the country, bone ecl'i uDaefIAhe :
without rtaryiDs or pershiDe BY tie levers "h.ch
n.re, as everywhere, prevail among Tie hihes'
sIs before cu.iys.ipD. In the West Indies, Nc
6nd the ht'le DRY and rocky isiands oi hon'ser''
NeviG -. KITS, - Lucia, 81 vincent anu oInefs
cultivated throughout, while Trinidad, with the
richer. Of sos, remains almost IN e.ate OF nature
and Porto Rico, land OF ,1psror fertility, is but
nov beginning % be s1bected 10 cultivation. South
America illustrates the same Lag. The een.ers oil
Iopulason, az Santa Fe de Bogcta and Quito, are
On high and dry lands, while ne vnley Of the
OybocO remains unoccupied. The oHiy civli'zed
teoi le in the days Of PizAro were in Peru, where
tbe soil Was drained by rapid streams that forbade
the formstiOn Of marshes and consequently OF SO
pcor quality as 10 be easily cleared. Brazli,
wstered BY the greatest rivers Of the world, 10 TO
lands, il aTords no eligible situs.ion FOR European
colonis's.
Crossing the ocean fresh Illustration. of the great
law swarm around us everywhere. In:ihe south Of
England, where the streams are short ard the val
ss limited the lind ia well fitted for esriy cul:7a-
ton. II Was here that C;ftar found the only peo-
pie OF the island who had made any progress 10 the
AT Of tillage. Proceeding toward Cornwall, We
find land noted for its barrenness, but everywhere
exhibiting marks Of cultivation of great and ln-
known antiquity. Scarce hilltop on the route
but even now shows signs Of early occupation. The
palace Of the Norman kings is a. Winchester. aad
not in the valley Of the Thames. The forests aud
sWamps OF the days Of the Plan.agenets are now
the sests Of the highest fertility. The morasses
which had well nigh swallowed up the army OF the
Norman coDqueror on his return from the deyasta-
ton of the north now show the rich fields and
meadows of South Lancashire, covered with wav-
ing grain, or pa.turpg herds of the finest cattle
The land most recently reduced to cultivation is
an oDg the fens of Lincoln and Csnbridgeshre and
the sandy wastes Of Norfolk Passing north into
Scotland we find the earliest seats Of csltiy alton
among the remote districts which are now almost
wholly abandoned. The places at which the people
of early days were accustomed 10 assemble are in
those portions of the kingdom nov presenting the
smallest inducements for occupation.
Locking to France in the dsys Of Cesar, We find
the mos. powerful tribes seated on the fanks Of the
Alps in country far less populcss now than it was
then. In Belgium, the barren L11emburg and
Limburg have been cultivated from time immemO-
ral, while Flanders, now rich, remained until
the seventh century an impenetrable desert. The
early population Of Holland lived on miserable
islam Is of sand, forced to content themselves with
eggs fish, and very small supplies Of vegetable food,
while surrounded by fsrests and marshes which
covered the most fertile Lands. Further NORTH We
meet o people whose ancestors passed from the
negbbOrhood of the Don, through the rich pains Of
Northern Germany, and finally selected the barren
mountains of the scandinavian peninsula as the land
best suited to their existing condition. The same
fact recurs In Russia. Almos. everywhere the
poorest soil, on The higher ground, which requires
no trouble in draining, 10 selected for cultivation
while that of the richest quality remains neglected
in the vicinity. We may pursue our travels through
the south Of Europe, the East, and the Pacific
archipelago with the same result. Turning toward
the north, till We arrive at the region of the Him.
alayae we find the same order of cultivatiOn the
villages are everywhere placed on slopes upon which
their people grow scanty crops of mlet, maize, and
buckwheat; while the bottom lands are generally
wild and tangled mass of jungle. Immediately
around is the cradle Of the human race, and suited
above al other lands TO that purpose, where the
man who works without spade or an ak can OBJ
tain scanty supply of food; but for that reason
country least adapted 10 bis uses when he has ac-
quired power to drec. the forces Of nature to his
service.
Here We are surrounded by mar in state OF bar
barsp; and standing here, we may trace the course
Of successive tribes and nat0as passing toward the
lower and more productive lands; but compelled IN al
cases TO seek the route least disturbed with water
courses and therefore keeping the ridge that divides
the waters Of the Black Sea aud the Mediterranean
from those Of the Baltic Standing here we may mark
them they descend the slope, sometime: stopping
ior the purpose of cuvatng the hlly lard that can,
with their indifferent machinery he made TO yield a
mall supply Of food at others marching on and reach
ing TIE neghborLocd OF the sea, there 70 Place them.
selves not or the rich lands bat on the poor soils OF
the steep hill sde-those which water cannot stand
TO give pourf to trees or 10 afford 10
settlers whose means Inadequate to the draining or
msr.bes and of swamps; or on little peaked islands
from which the water passes rapidly a. IS the case
th those OF the .fgean cultivated from so early
period. Some OF these tribes are seen resching the
Mediterranean where ciSlizaton is hrst found, and
lost under the pressure Of successive waves OF
emigrstiop; while others are passing further west
and entt ring Italy, France and Spain. Others more
adventurous, reach the British sles. Again, after
few centuries O rest see them crossing the broad
Atlantic apd commencing the ascent Of the slope OF
the Aeghapy preparatory TO the ascent and passage
NJ rlpge dividing the waters OF the Paclnc