The weekly hawk-eye. [volume] (Burlington, Iowa) 1858-1860, 1858-07-20
ali' daughter, } ! give his exact language

W cease 10 De divided. 1t will become oil q,
thing or all the other"
J In other words, Mr.. Lincoln asserts as
fundamental principle of this governme,
that there must be uniformity in the loc
laws and domestic institutions of each ar
all the States of the Union; aud he therefor
invites all the non-slaveholding States
Dand together, organize as one BODY, an
make war upon slavery in Kentucky, upo
slavery in Virginia, upon slavery in Il
oarolnas, upon slavery in oil of the slav,
holding States in this Union, and to pers
we're In that war until il shall be extermin,
ted. He then notifies the slaveholdinp State
TO stand together as unit and make an NJ
gressive war upon the free States of thj
Union with q view of establishing slavery i
them all, Of forcing it upon Illinois. Of 70,
clng it upon New York, upon New England
and upon Every other free State, and tina
tney shall keep up the warfare until it ha
oeen formally established in them all. L
other words, Mr.. Lincoln advocates boldl
ana clearly war Of sections, q war of tn
North against the South, of the free State
against the slave States-a war ofextermina
tlon-to be continued relentlessly until th
one or the other shall be subdued and all tn
states shall either become free or becom
slave.
tNow, my friends, must say to you frankly
hat take bold, unqualified issue with min
upon that principle. | assert that it is ne
ther desirable OF possible that there should b,
uniformity in the local institutions and do
| mestic regulations of the different States o,
this Union. The trainers of our government
| have contemplated uniformity in its internal
concerns. The fathers of the Revolution. and
the sages who made the Constitution well un.
derstood that the laws and domestic ins,itu.
tions which would snit the granite hills OF
Nav Hampshire would be totally unfit for
the rice plantations Of South Carolina; (cheers
they we'll understood that the laws which
would suit the agricultural districts of Penn.
sylvania and New York would be totally un.
Mt for the large mining regions of the Pacific,
or the lumber regions Of Maine. (bravo !
ihey well understood that the great varie-
ties of SOIL of production and of interests, in
republic as large as this, required different
local and domestic regulations in each locali-
ty, adapted to the wants and interests of each
separate State. (cries of ''brayo.'') and for
that reason it was provided in the Federal
constitution that the thirteen original States
should remain sovereign and supreme with
IN their own limits in regard to all that was
local, and internal, and domestic while the
specified powers which were general and ma
tional, and could be exercised only by the
federal authority.
The trainers of the constitution we'll un-
derstood that each locality, having separate
and distinct interests, required separate and
distinct laws, domestic institutions, and DO
lice regulations adapted to its own wants and
its own condition; and they acted on the pre-
sumption, also, that these laws and institu-
tions would be as diversified and as dissimu-
lar as the States would be numerous, and
that no two would be precisely alike, be
cause the interests of no two would be pre-
cisely the same. Hence, l assert, that the
great fundamental principle which underles
our complex system of State and feder | gov
ernments, contemplated diversity and dis
similarity in the local institutions and do
mestic affairs Of each and every State in the
The Union, or thereafter to be admitted into
the confederacy. 1 therefore conceive that
my friend Mr. Lincoln, has totally misappre.
hended the great principles upon which our
government rests. Uniformity in local and
domestic affairs would be destructive ofState
Rights, of State Sovereignty, of Personal
Liberty and Personal Freedom. Uniformity
s the parent of Despotism the world over,
not only in politics. but in religion. Where
ever the doctrine of Uniformity is proclaimed,
hat all the States must be free or all slave.
hat all labor must be white or all black, that
I'll the citizens of the different States must
nave the same privileges or be governed by
he same regulations, you have destroyed the
greatest safeguard which our institutions
nave thrown around the rights of the citi-
zen. ("Bravo," and great applause)
How could this uniformity be accomplished
+ it was desirable and possible? There is
out one mode in which it could be obtained,
md that must be by abolshing the State LIE
yislatures, blotting ont State sovereignty,
merging the rights and sovereignty of the
States in one consolidated empire, and vest
ng Congress with the plenary power to make
III the police regulations, domestic and local
avs, uniform throughout the limits of the
Republic. When you shall have done this
'ou will have uniformity. Then the States
will all be slave or all he free; then negroes
will vote everywhere or nowhere; then YOU
vill have Maine liquor law in every State
r none; then you will have uniformity in all
hings local and domestic by the authority of
he federal government. But, when you at.
ain that uniformity you will have converted |
hese thirty-two sovereign, independent States
nto one consolidated empire, with the uni
ormity Of disposition reigning triumphant
throughout the length and breadth of the
and. ("Hear," hear" bravo" and great
pplause.)
From this view OF the case, my friends, | |
m driven irresistibly to the conclusion that
iversity, dissimilarity, variety in all our To-
al and domestic institutions, is the great
afeguard Of our liberties; and that the
'amers of our institutions were wise saga-
ious, and patriotic when they made this gov
rnment a confederation of sovereign States
ith Legislature for each, and conferred
pom each Legislature the power to make all
zeal and domestic institutions to suit the
eople it represented, without interference
'om any other State or from the general Con-
ress of the Union. If we expect to mains
lin our liberties we must preserve the right.
nd sovereignty Of the States, we must mains
lin our liberties we must preserve he right
nd sovereignty of the States, we must main
lin and carry out that great principle of
If government Incorporated in the compro-
Use measures of 1850; endorsed by the
linois Legislature in 1851 emphatically
nbodied and carried out in the Kansas Ne
raska bill, and vindicated this year by the
,fusal to bring Kansas into the Union with
Constitution distasteful to her people
cheers.
The other proposition discussed by Mr..
incoln in his speech consists in crusade
,ainst the Supreme Court of the United
ates on account of the Dred Scott decision.
n this question, also, desire to say to you
that take direct and distinct
sue with him. have no warfare to make
the Supreme Court of the United States,
ravo) either on that account or any other
cision which they have pronounced from
at bench. "(Gocd, good" and enthusiastic
'plause.) The Constitution of the United
ates has provided that the powers of gov ,
nment land the Constitution of each State
$ the same provision) shall be divided into (
rec departments, executive, legislative and I
i;cial. The right and the province Of ex- |
unding the Constitution, and constructing {
g law, is vested in the judiciary establish 1
by the Constitution. As lawyer, feel
liberty to appear before the court and con- {
vert any principle Of law while the ques. {
N is pending before the tribunal; but when
Q decision is made, my private opinion, I
ur opinion, and all other opinions must
cid to the majesty Of that authoritative ad- !
location, (Cries OF ait 10 right" "good,"
,ood,' and cheers.) wish you to bear in ,
nd that this involves great principle, e
on which our rights and our liberty, and
r property all depend, What security have ,