davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
New-York daily tribune. [volume] (New-York [N.Y.]) 1842-1866, 1858-02-12
CAPTAIN PAULDING.

To tie Editor Of The " Y. Tribune.
SIR Various opinions are entertained in relation TO
the act of Commodore Paulding in snestng Gen.
Walker and his officers and soldiers after they had
landed upon the territory of Nicaragua. While some
approve his conduct, others severely condemn him,
for breach of his Instructions and violation OF the
laws of nations landing military force upon territory
belonging to nation with whom we are at peace
general rule, the law of nations forbid one nation
from landing with military force upon the territory
of another with whom 1t is at peace, without s con-
sent. But if consent be obtained for the landing OF
such military force, there be infrngemt ut upon
the rights OF such friendly nation, and no violation o.
the law Of nations. But, il the landing OF military
force upon the territory of nation with whom We are
al peace be made, under such circumstances that an
IN ped assent may be justly inferred, then such land
ns may De made without any violation Of the rights
VI nienaiy nation, and without giving such nation
JUST GROUNDS OF complaint As for Instance when the
isndpg was clearly for the benefit of the nation whose
tion toward such nation and which ohligatiop co1ld
not be discharged except by landing on s9ch friendly
territory. In aword if the landing il 40 clearly for
the peneht Oh the nation upon whose soil the landing
is made, that we may reasonably Conclude that II
there had been time and opportunity consen, wonld
have been given then such landing would h ;,.,
ble and no breach of the law Of nations vonId have
occurred especially when the nation whose terri,n-;a
had been invaded makes no complaint. Nov snn.
nose our Government had received information of a
reliabe character that formidable but secret com.
biphtion of citizens of of lake cities was ON
foot IN cn1y naval expedition the lake whose
obi ct was TO invade town on the Canada shore to
plInder IT, and then set it on fire and burn it down.
+ would be an imperative duty of our Government
70 send public vessel to arrest the criminal enter
Prise One is accordingly dispatched Tor that purpose
The maraudipc expedition has left our shores, but the
csn,ain makes speedy pursu; and arrives on the
CnpaJa shore just after the msrauder' have landed.
VIZ, i our csp,so 20 do Is he 10 sand upon the
New-York daily tribune. [volume] (New-York [N.Y.]) 1842-1866, 1858-02-12

who perhsps bss Q months wages dse her, and who
has been discharged by her employer on some con-
yenept pretext in order 10 have plausible reason for
not paying her. Her claim IL y for services After
going TO the Station House. from there to the PoI,e
Court the Meyers Office, and waiting for an inter-
view with some official an hour or two in each Of
thee places she is finally directed to District Court
by the time she reaches the day has been 10 far con-
sumed that she 6Lds il closed at O'Clock n n, The
next morning she trudges off, in all kinds of weather.
TO the same Court only TO End she is only in the wrong
District She IL ret right and away she goes perhaps
two niles further 70 find the right Temple of
Juttice." Surprising all to be right now, she tells
hr story TO the first person she meets, perhaps to
constable. He has time, nor perhaps
inclin.ton to hear her repeat an old
story. He has large business to attend to-csses of
$40 and 500, where bis costs are of more value.
However, alter much anxiety, trepdatlon, and almost
fear this servant girl innocent, interesting, perhaps
even educated with sick OF aged parents to whom she
devotes her acanty earnings, is Informed that she can
have summons 10 procure the attendance OF her
debtor If she has 81 ID TO insure its service. This ia
the first draft on her scaDty means. Sometimes she
has the amount OiteDer not. We Will say she hnds
the money; she is then told the law says
the summons cannot be returned to the Judge ID
less than ia days, and she must como TO Court
day named, usually about the eighth day
after, puheta0ily at O'Clock in the morning. Welt
she Is there at the appointed time. She hnds
room full of men, lawyers litgang motions all con-
fusion and bewldement to her. The Justice calls her
and her adversary name from his calendar; sne
makes her way through the crowd and confrontS hs
Honor only to be informed that she must 60 to the
Clerks Office aud get her case, where she is met with
another tax of a dollar at least. She gets through
with all that and at last gets her before the
Judge. That officer blondy, even kindly, hears her
complaint, records ii, bears likewise her late employ
ers defense records that, and inquiries II the party
are ready for trial. The defendant demands an adj
iournment for one week. The law allows IT. the
Court awards it, Now, you see, Mr.; Editor, up to
fhe adjourned day the best Of three days have been
actively spent. two dollars and seventy-fve cents
paid and two weeks of suspense and dilatory pro-
ceedngs have transpired to get this girls claim of
five dollars for months labor before Justice for
adiudicaton And have assumed that she has me
with no legal or technical distractions up this time
vet her case is not tried thus far.
Yours, Truly JUSTICE.
New-York daily tribune. [volume] (New-York [N.Y.]) 1842-1866, 1858-02-12
ARTIFICIAL LEATHER.

To the Editor Of The " Y Tribune.
SIR Your few remarks in tO-days impression OF
The TRIBUNE upon Artificial Leather " caught my
eye and thought would inform you, since you take
so much interest in and generally conversant
with manufactures and agriculture &C., that there is
already before the Commissioner Of Patents nven-
ton for the production of artificial leather for which
the Chevaer Caussen is entitled to the credit. M.
Claussen deputed few years ago by the Brit
sh Government II think to proceed to Peru and other
places To examine the India-rubber and guttapercha
and report thereon, and also to form estimate
of the possible supply Of those gums, &C.. and while
there he (Claussen conceived the idea of increasing
the quantity consequently Of decreasing the cost
of these now almost necessary articles he set to
work to accomplish his object, by mixing flour, glue,
tannin rosn and other foreign substances with gutta
percha and the result was to his own surprise and
qualification, Artificial Leather. If this maer inter-
ests YOU or any of your readers, shall be happy to
explain the matter fully and to show you some speci-
mems which will at once be seen to possess all the
requisite qualities for machine betting trunks cable
coverings tanks, lining ships, and host of purposes
more or less important not the least Of which would
be book. binding. 1t can be made cheap cheaper
than paper"
/ am gentlemen your obedient servant.
CHARLES HODGES.
lo~I FL
New-York daily tribune. [volume] (New-York [N.Y.]) 1842-1866, 1858-02-12

CLAIM Oh WOMEN TO VoTE.-The JOINT Special
Committee of the Legislature upon the Qualifications
of Voters, have held public hearing at the Safe
House upon the petitions that the right OF Suffrage
NAV be extended TO women. The Hon. samuel T..
Sewa began the plea for the petitioners with the III
quiry, Why have women any less right to vote than
menl He cited the opening sentence OF the DeciAra-
ton OF Independence, and maintained that the equal
y referred TO there does not mean an equality IN TO
spect to mind or body ability 10 acquire property,
but an equality of rights and that women are OF course
included i'm the term all men," The state Consti-
tuition also recognizes the equal rights OF oil men,
Women are subject to the laws, but have no voice IN
the government. The laws of other countries, which
are severe toward women cited and the speaker
urged that though our own laws are more LIBERAL yet
they are still severe. The argument tina. women are
incompetent to vote he answered by ming that as
many men as women are incompetent. lie maintained
that if women were allowed to vote and to sit N rep
resentatve bodies, we should have better order ana
better laws.
Mrs Dr. Harriott X. Hunt expressed her disgust at
the freedom allowed to men to vote, while women are
debarred the privilege. She reviewed the history OF
her own position on this subject and complained Dit
terly of the restriction which nts the night OF GUT
frage to men, iDstancing many eases IN when she SAD
that women are oppressed by the laws.
Wendell Phillips followed He said that there Is an
artificial barrier in the rights Of women; that while
we recognize her rights TO almost everything eise We
stop short at the privilege OF voting Our prisons the
ails the gallows are open to women, the ballotb
Is closed lie maintained that, having advanced
women so far as we have done, we should perfect
their position by giving them all that Is cue 70 that
noston. He expressed the belief that Massachusetts,
will grant the right demanded; the only question s,
how soon can she surrender decentyi
IL was announced that another hearing will tako
place. Boston Daily Advertiser.
New-York daily tribune. [volume] (New-York [N.Y.]) 1842-1866, 1858-02-12

deck Of his vessel and oek oooy on while the town 10
sacked and burned ashes, for lear Oh violating his
Instructions and the law Of nstons nc ~. - 90
niset him 10 Of the most pointed charSter.
Bni. Il sctuated by the high and honorable motives
wi jch should influence our naval commanders, ne
would withou: hesitation, though mn a Ia, dia
not op. nly authorize him TO do 20, iand immediately,
meet the robbers and and thus save the
lives end property Of the innocent sna unonendiug
eitizens. tl
Would Great Britain complain of such an act az
voIa,;nc ~ The law Of nations, and an uDIu-thabe
;ryss;or NJ her territory Far from il. She would
,a,ber ss IN the case OF Captain N tne award gold
medal 10 the officer who took upon hinse tne
sibib,y Of going beyond his written Instructions 10 do
an act of Justice and humanity worthy OF al praise
L. not he foregong in substance, the Gaze OF Con-
rnodore Paulding Ii be has drawn upon himself
ceusure from bis Government, ne has nchy entitled
bmself to gold medal IRON me Government OF
Nicaragua for the signal service he has rendered that
country by saving the many lives and the immense
treasure which il would have cost IN second time
driving from the country the Infamous band oil hous-
ters under the leadership oil walker But Ought any
cen.ure to rest upon the conduct OF Com. Pauldng
because his instructions did not 10 express terms su
thorze nm TO land upon the territory OF Nicaragua
He was authorized TO arrest alker ana MS men WINE
an hdrbor beioRgthQ 10 Nicaragua. III our Govern-
mept was authorized, under the law OF nations, 10 do
This in order To fulfill our duty toward it, in arresting
unlawful expedition against lts territories then "
would be equally lawful to land and arrest that expe
dton after il had escaped the vigilance OF naval
force Such an escape had not been foreseen when
the instructions Of our Government were prepared and
therefore they not applicable to such state OF the
case. Under such circumstances, what COM
mander 10 do The eminent writers the law of ma
tons Puffendor and Vatte inform that There
leases when becomes the duty Of officer TO erc,ed
"be letter of his instructions for the purpose of more
Gully carrying uttheir spirit" Herewas case exact
" of that kind. The instructions authorized tue arrest
of Walker and his followers m a NcdraeDan harbOr,
place fully and exclusively within her jurisdiction
and sovereignty as her neghboring shores The spirt
of the instructions therefore embraced the latter as
well as the former, and Commodore Paulding noby
rsked himself in carrying out such instructions, andis,
therefore, entitled to all praise, instead of censure.
And to such praise il he richly entitled in the opinion
of the great mass of our citizens JUSTICE.
WdihLagtoH KY, Feb. 5, 1853.
New-York daily tribune. [volume] (New-York [N.Y.]) 1842-1866, 1858-02-12

ARIzoSa.-The Washington States contains the
following extracts from letter received by dstln
"guished Senator from gentleman Henry p. Sweet
land who has just completed trip through Ar1zo-
ina. The writer is a prominent citizen OF California
who has represented OF the northern counties in
"the State Legislature
"SAS Antonio, Texas, Jan. ~, 1853.
81 arrived here last night directly from III Paso,
and am happy to say that l am delighted with my
trip through the Purchase was at Fort Yuma,
Arizona Mines Tucson, COlabozas and Soporl, In all
some twenty-five DAYS. at Messilla on the Rio Grande,
five days. In a word It's great grazing country.
The valleys of the Rio San Pedro and Rio MiDnefres
cannot be surpassed in beauty and extent and from
Fort Yuma to the Rio Grande is the best natural road
in the world.
81 became acquainted with nearly all the American
inhabitants in the Territory, most of whom are fron
Tennessee, Kentucky and Virginia. They are prnci-
pay engaged in mining for silver, copper and lead, in
which the western portion of the Territory abounds
have been TO great many mines; have seen silver,
copper and lead taken out almost pure. There are
pieces of natural iron lying in the plaza, at Tucson,
that will weigh over tun each, taken nom the sur
race of neighborng mountain. All that these enter
prising people want TO insure success is protection
and they delighted with the prospect of Terrific
rial organization"
New-York daily tribune. [volume] (New-York [N.Y.]) 1842-1866, 1858-02-12

MopTRN JEFFRIEs ~ IowA.-Ihe following are
the charges made against Judge ClasgsH, VINO
occupies seat on the bench of the Frst Judicial De
trct of Iowa, and who Las been aTagned before the
State Legislature, with strong petition 'er hs
removal:
Judge Claegeti is charged with having altered me
oath OF Jurors irom the form prescribed by sw ana
that too IN order TO bring them under the sur'eaneo
of tie Court
Judge Clsggett is charged with having required es-
cesslye bail from parties accused, in violatos 81 the
Constitution Of the State and against its express pro-
visions.
Judge Caggett is accused OF having refused bail to
parties accused, when by the Constitution and laws
they were entitled TO II. go,
Judge Caggett is accused with having Illegally and
without authority, ordered citizens into custody And
confined them to the public prison, and this too upon
mere verbal order, not written or OF record.
Judge Claggott il charged with having eNtortsd
from jurors yerdic's by threats of imprisonment.
The Supreme Court reduced the bail which he re-
qured in one case, from 5000 TO 5000, and N
another from $4,000 to $780, beside spending largo
amount OF time in oveuung his erroneous and corapt
decisions. If his neck escapes the legislative halter,
we may hereafter expect to the worst official Of
tenders 20 uppunished and Justice cheated Of its sss
reward in Iowa.
New-York daily tribune. [volume] (New-York [N.Y.]) 1842-1866, 1858-02-12
FROM THE RIO GRANDE AND NORTH
t" ERN MEXICO. rr.f .f OIL.

An arrival St New-Orleans brings dates from the
Rio C;rande del Norte 70 the 3ist ult.
The port Of Ms,amorss which WAS. together with
al others on the Rio Grande some time since closed,
was declared opened on the 2sth ul,.
Tie BrornsrRe Flag of The 2ith, gives the follow
ing particulars of the tragedy which WAS enacted a,
that place on the 18th ut and briefly noticed BY our
correspondent:
9TH "a sad occurrence originated 50 FAR as we can
learn the partcu lsrs from some MeNicans who had
induced the wife oi Ortega TO leave him. Supposng
they hsd brought her 10 BROWNSVILLE, he accordingly
cane here 20 ind her. His home was at ranch on
the other side of the river short disatce from Mat
amorss Finding his vile at Brownsville, As he
pected, be requete her 10 return with him to their
cildren and lone al the ranch. she resisted saying
sbe had rather die whereupon he stabbed her severe
w. and probably MORALLY He then ran through the
streets bis passion seeming TO thirst Tor blood IN pur
snit of several persons who attempted TO arrest OF
even come in his way.
"Nr. McIane was al his dinner at the time. Some
terson told him of what had happened when he lul-
mediately went 70 arrest the man. lie was unarmed
and without hat or coat. just as he haIed the MeA-
lean he turned on Mr.. Mclean and stabbed hun IN
five or ak places killing him almost instantly, About
This time some one Knocked the Mexican down, brus.
ing his he sd; and an examination found the cut OF
knife in HE side but do not know whether was done
in the seufie with Mr. McIaDe or not. On the follow
ing orning the body OF the Mexican was found hung
u
making any comments"
The Flag also records further depredatous Of In
dams all along the river above which, BIDDER thaa any
before recorded had given considerable alarm to the
Inhabitants. The deprdations were mostly committed
between Mer and Guerrero, a little town about
thirty miles from Roma. The savages were supposed
10 be Camanches and came down on the Mexican side
most of the way killing such As fell into their hands,
and carrying Off all property that of any value to
them They atterward passed over the river IN the
neshborhood of Mier, and pushed their way through
to the thicky inhabited settlements, to the great
fright of the people. Above Laredo, their depreda-
tions were 30 numerous, and so much matter OF
course, that the inhabitants took no particular ac'
count of them.
Tire political intelligence from the Mexican side IL
summed up in the statement of The Monterey Bulletin
that the people of the northern portion of the Repub
lie had declared almost TO a man. for the "Constltu'
tional party" and against the usurpaton at the Capt.
tai. The same paper observes that preparations are
"being made, and men constantly being drilled into
"the service" with the object of common resistance
but il furnishes no particulars In all probability the
several States of that section will content themselves
with simple declarations of their opinions, without
taking any very active part in what concerns them SC
New-York daily tribune. [volume] (New-York [N.Y.]) 1842-1866, 1858-02-12

av;",.iv ssn,cyto'psd FOR q moment but upon m
sury at The school, we gwen 70
ueIeport, however ridiculous nsI ,m1;'.-ioner
rect That Mr.. Trustee Rich and mr. III ,.aasd the
Terence Farley, or Ifu',ss nrp and chds Morning
psi shu o. course -" Comment is unnecessary The
ory s no t. parents Gasy ba sns
pass without further S OF ss %sn sst places
mea ~ v;tb those friendly to the Schools aud
oy Cb.,isn morality. ioco,e yoa list con-
~ -. n.,nes of this model Board OF Trustees.
hibne tDe 20, m ie5s A PARENT.
New-York daily tribune. [volume] (New-York [N.Y.]) 1842-1866, 1858-02-12
CHEAP JUSTICE FOR LABORERS.

Ie Nc Editor u The ". Y Tribune
SIR; few days ago read wel.considered article
in The TRIBUNE advocating Courts OF summary
jurisdiction for the settlement at light expense, OF
pecuniary difficulties OF small amount I wish to re-
vive attention to that interesting subject The inferior
Courts OF this city consist Of seven District Courts
lsw VI the last Legislature increased their jur sdc
ton 10 the amount Of $3.50. Its extent previously
$l00 The law also gives c)unsel costs on claims
so from 81 TO 81, according 10 circumstances grow
ing ont the defense The result is that the business
Of these Courts had considerably incressed and poor
,uoIs for justice are in measure, though no doubt
Internationally, overlooked set aside, and 10 fact
almost denied justice.
lie. me illustrate the practical working Of the pres
.n sy,tem so lar az il affects the masses Of the work
pgIeople, by itstanc!pg TIE care Of ssrvaI:-gIl,
New-York daily tribune. [volume] (New-York [N.Y.]) 1842-1866, 1858-02-12
TOWN ELECTIONS.
TTOGA co.

TTOGA CO.
C,r,.,,oss.see Of The N. Y. rnsune.
OwEco, Feb 10, 1853.
Our town meeting was held on The Oh, and
we have achieved a great victory. Tiogs Coun y
hs. done great deal better than ever before. We
have elected eigh out Of nine Supervisors. The L.
compton .wirde will not 60 down in Old Tog.
Years, q. T.
MoyreoxERY County is reported in The Albany
Ana, as having elected ) Republican Democrs;c,
American, Supervisors.
BRoohE CouSTY rs reported twelve Republican,
two Democratic SuperS !sors.
Steven Co.-HorHby Republican by 20 majority.
earning Democratic on Supervisor by 70 msori'y y;
balance of the ticket Republican.
New-York daily tribune. [volume] (New-York [N.Y.]) 1842-1866, 1858-02-12

DEATH IN ADEsTIsT's CBAIR.-Mr j. Met hesneys
death in dentists chair at Toronto, Z. w., on Moo
day ast while under the influence Of chlorooru hAs
been stated in Geographic dispatch. de desired the
extraction of air teeth but would have no Operations
performed by the dentist lDr. NJ. ID. Rrench) unless
placed under the influence Of chl9roi9rm. He .."
assuming all responsibility. Accordingly Il was a.
mipistered in the usual way by sponge 70 tho
no,tis Of TIE patient. After short time he began TO
laugh, and when asked the cause said !, be could nos
"spdther person. laughing at him. II was thea
,bougbt he was sufficiently nsensibe 10 commences the
operation of laneng the gums. He WINGED under the
ancipg and the chlt rofJrm az applied and the
teeth removed. But as as this was done be was
seen 10 alter in appearance, his eyes became hxsd .he
laws fell, respiration ceased, and the hearts action
stopped. Every possible attempt was made restore
animation, but 10 no purpose. A CoroDers Jury
e1onersted the dentist from all blame o. &c was shosn
that The chorotorm voluntarily inhaled, and That
than ordinary care was rsed n administering Is.
New-York daily tribune. [volume] (New-York [N.Y.]) 1842-1866, 1858-02-12

TEMPfRAScE IN VERsoSr.-The Montpelier corr
respondent of The Boston Trdreler, under date OF
Feb. g. writes: r..a
The Temperance party in Vermont e1hibisymp-
toms Of spt-not as else where, the question Of
Maine Law or moral suason; but on the question Of
the expediency of taking bold step far 10 advance
of the Maine Law itself A large temperance Con-
vention was few days ago held at Mortified, at
which, after hot discussion, resolution gong toy
law for the teetotai dethroncment OF King Alcohol,
for every and any use whatever, carried by two or
three majority And it would not be at all surprising
TO zee hereafter in this State strong party rayng to
take that seven-ived old potenae, who seems 90 de-
termined never to say die, in hand to deal with
without mttens till he shall be dead, dead, d<ad'
and his body delivered to the surgeon for dssec-
ton. The quite general and almost unavoidable
abuses with which licensing under the Maine Law las
been attended, have doubtless led to this new move
ment in To- Temperance party" 90