The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1858-12-10

Araches from Texas Arizona, in the frequent habit
OF making descents the badly protected stock rases
Of Chihuahua and Sonora, whose property they drive
on saressy and IN open daylight, such is the terror
with which the Indians have inspired the poor nhabi-
tants.
Tue city Of chihuahua settled at the close Of tho
century by adventurous workers Of the
rich mines discovered about that time in the vicinity II
has about IL eco inhabitants Il is regularly ai out has
some very good looking buildings built OF stone and
adobe and is supplied with water by means Of fine
aqucduct more than three q bali miles long. The
cathedral is very imposing building and cost $500 900,
the money being process Of collection for seventy two
years as a tax the money taken ON The mine of
Santa tu'aa Mr, Bartlett says these sums, raised by
tax at the rate mentioned would require gross income
on the part OF tho mine of sixty mion eight hundred
thousand dollars This will give idea Of the vas'
mineral wealth Of the country. The Casa de Moheda IS
here IN which gold and silver have been coined There
was from 1899 10 1858 coinage in this Of 81 os0,
T37 in silver, and $956, ,992 in gold com. Large com.
mercia trains from the United States reach Chihuahua
81 louis and II Paso, san Anono, Texas The
Butter1eld overland mail route, however gives far
greater facilities than before red Of passenger aud
letter communication with chihuahua. Mr. Bartlett says,
in his personal narrative, that the mineral wealth Of Chi
hpahua is no. surpassed if equaed by any other state
high table lands not adapted agriculture, but
admirable for raising cattle But, with all these natural
advantages, the people are degraded The weak and
totterpg government Of the confederation, taking
this form and that, like the shade of Junus in the
Vson Of Judgment fails to inspire the people with any
yim They have not the stamina 10 either protect thcm
selves refuse longer be lett at the mercy Of govern
meDt, the only object of whose leaders is bareaced plum
der. Here is country with absolutely vast natural ad
vanages really going to destruction for lack Of strong
and stable government, like that of the United States.
SONORA.
The State Of Sonora has Chihuahua for its eastern
boundary the Gulf of California for It's western Arizona for
its northern and Snoloa for its southern BY the latest
Official report appears to have D4o square leagues
territory and 1884 inhabitants, about to each
square mile 1t has one cty-the port OF Guaymas-of
considerable note and three smaller ones towns eighty
villages, congregations thirty missions,
forty two hacendas, and hundred and seventy five
ranches The surface of the and southern por
ton OF the State is fiat and the south contains large
amount Of fruitful land waerci by the Yalu and Mayo
rivers and number Of small lakes The mountainous
districts Of the Sierra Nadrc in the east mterspcrsed
With delightful and fertile valleys, and the thermometer
ranges from seventy to eighty five degrees from April
September but in early spring the rapid changes Of tenn
peiaiure unpleasant. Ures, the capital Of Sonora,
contains the legislative hall, a weekly newspaper and
is laid out neatly, the Sonora The bottom
lands Of this river very fertile, extending
than mile on each side. Corn, wheat, beans and
pumpkins raised with but few vegetables oranges,
lemons pomegrana,es and peaches abound. The sugar
cane is largely produced. Among the many tribes OF
Indans-who form a large proportion of the population
the Yaqus and Opates The former occupy the posi-
uon Of servants and the latter chiefly devoted agr
culture and Of quiet disposition Near Urcs three
companies Of infantry have been formed of them.
On the road from Tres 70 Gwaymas the famous estate
OF Senor Gandara, at the town Of Tapahu is passed
where % 900 bushels OF grain have raised
year, while the had 70 600 head OF cattle
Hermosillo IL the finest interior city of the II
about IA 900 inhabitants, with large trade with Quay
mas, about los miles distant between which and the
interior Of the State Hcrmoso a OF
disbursing agent. The climate dry and The town
lies a valley almost miles length by -four wide
Some Of the dwellings the finest in the state. The
valley produces yearly about 25 900 nagos 900
bushels Of wheat, ~, $50 bushels Of MAIZE and
about 500 bushels of other cereals Fruits and nuts
plenty and, in fact, almost everything cutvabe can
be raised.
Guaymas stands eastern boundary of the State
the shore OF the Gulf California in 2s degrees north
latitude, and 10 degrees 40 minutes longitude and is
completely protected from by the mountains on the
main II is considered next 10 Acapulco the best port
the Mexican coast The town occupies a narrow
peninsula bu, mile in length and half mile in width.
The settle Of the State Of California has probably
tended great measure oiDcrcase the Importance ol
Guaymas, for, spite Of rs natural advantages il was
much before that time.
We received news by the STIR Of the West Nov ~
that revolution had broken out in this city, and the
authorities compelled accee tho wishes OF the
people, though they had not fully complied with Their
promise The mineral Of sonora are very *
tensiye and valuable. Lieut. Mowry the delegate to Con
grcss from Arizona, has Just arrived Washington with
some excellent specimens Of the silver ore.
While the cupdv Of the Indians o North western Texas
and Arizona has kept the people Of sonora aud Chhua
hna in continual terror Of being robbed and murdered
they have also been unfortunate AZ to secure The
friendship of several bands of hbsters who fet deter
mined 10 give them their liberty any price. From Cor
tex to Walker was long stride, and considerable Of
descent, but Walkers expedition into Lower California IN
1888 was sad TO have had some very definite design
Sonora The fate Of the expedition Of Crabbc this state
fresh IN the minds q all The opposition Of the rival
famss Of Gandara and Fsqnra aud others led 70 the
employment by pesquira of party of Americans under
Col Henry Crahbe 10 cooperate with him oycrt.rning
The government If Gandara The manner IN which tnc
deluded Americans murdered leaving but one tn tell
The tale, s stil fresh IN the memory cold -booici
massacre.
such the states 10 which Mr. Buchanan aiiudes
They are incapable of sef government and great
order 70 Mexican affairs renders highly improbable thai
Sonora will be afforded. proposed by tho President
o establish military posts these states, assuming
enInrary potec'orac for the following reasons given
Ia hrs mes
ln that remote region, where there but few WHINE
inhabitants large bands of hostile AMI predatory Indians
roam promiscuousy the Mexn states Of Chihuahua
and sonora and adjoining Territories The local 70
vernmens Of these states Isfecty helpless. and
kept IN state of constant alarm by the Indians They
have not the power, u they possessed the will,
RESTRAIN lawiess Mexcans from Passing border and
committing depreda,ons on our remote settlers A
efnfp nj urgx "A lie throu bput
that distant frontier The laws a dead letter
and lite and property wholly For this rea
the settlement Of Arizona arrested whilst Il "
great importance tnat chain u inhabitants sbosld
tend all along fs southern border sufficient their ov
protection and that o the United States mail passing
and from California We. founded apprebcnsions are
entertained that the Indians, AMI wandering Mex
cans, equally awless may break up the important stage
and postal communication recently established between
our Atlantic and Pacific possessions. This passes very
near 70 the Mexican boundary throughout the whole
length Of Arizona. ! ran imagine possible remedy
for these evils, and no mode OF restoring law and
order on that remote and unsettled frontier. but