The Washington union., 1857-11-28
DEpARTmENr NEWS.
nArE DkrAHrnKsr.

for It's manufacturer the leading articles Of which a
soap, OIL and sugar The peanuts which brought
from the northern coast OF Senegal Gambia Goroe ana
St Louis OF the best quality and their average o
In our currency delivered at this port rs about s. rs a
one hundred pounds per cent discount; while tho
from the lower part Of the coast Of Senegal are wo
about IS 40 the hundred pounds, and onehali Vr
cent discount The oil expressed from the former 4
sweeer than that obtained from the latter and usd
for eating and burning For making soap, il is preferred
to the other seed oils. The shell Is not removed bat i
crushed with the kernel
In each Of the two factories which have visited an.
two engines, one of twenty five and the other of forty
horse power BY the force of these engncs the machD
ny is driven by which these nuts crushed and n,
pumps worked In the second story is hopper coyerc
by coarse sieve, the openings Of which sufciA,,
large allow the nuts to fall through but Smal enough
to catch sticks or stones which may be mixed with a,
nnts. From this hopper the nuts pass into laninoh
composed of three iron cylinders of about four feet
length and eighteen inches in diameter The nuts an
first crushed between the two cylinders, and then s
between the second and the third, where they aa
crushed and fall through funnel to the floor beneath
This latter floor contains five large circular boxes con-
posed Of wooden rims and bottoms of circular granite
upon each of which revolve within the wooden rim two
granite mill stones seventy inches in thickness and
which make seventeen revelations per minute
The nuts crushed by the laminor, already Dc,
scrbcd are shovellcd into these circular boxes and are
again crushed under the mil-stones the same being
from time to time removed and supply shoveled
in The seeds, or nuts thus crushed placed in
wrappers, made Of hogs or goats hair Each Wrapper
has four folds flaps folded over, and the packages
ready for the press
On either side Of this room 20 iron hydraulic
presses, each having two pumps These presses are
composed Of four upright iron posts fixed and one
sliding iron plate The fixed plate Is about 80 inches
from the floor, and upon it the packages of the cushd
nuts placed, when by the action of the pumps the
sliding plate is forced down upon the packages and the
oil flows into groove which extends around the lower
plate and from the centre Of this plate the oil flows into
bucket From the centre of this bucket rises tube
nearly to the height Of the rim, and this tube passes
through the bottom of the bucket, and fits socket
upon large tube pipe from which the oil is constant
ly being pumped into very large casks holding from 5000
to II, 900 pounds of oil.
The use Of the tube in the bucket is to cause the
heavier parts Of the OIL together with all refuse matter
sink to the bottom while but the purer parts Of the
oil pass into the large tube or pipe.
There is no process Of clarifcation The oil remains
the casks from six to ten days without being touched
the end Of which time it is found to be clear.
The nut is crushed and pressed three times AT each
pressure the superior nut yields different quality Of OIL
and it is only after the third pressure that the cake
formed The oil resulting from the first pressure Of the
superior used for eating and is worth $1I S7 the
one hundred pounds the oil from the second pressure
used for burning, and is worth Sill the oil from the
third pressure is used for making soap, and is worth
$40 25.
But it must be remembered that it il only the nut
which comes from the northern coast Of Senegal which
e
ferior peanut oil being used for making soap only
The cake is principally sold in England, where ii
used as manure and is said to be especially adapted to
wheat and madder lands For the latter purpose II is
used in France. And ii is worth 81 l2A the hundred
pounds
The peanut also brought from India, but it Is in bad
rcpute 1t arrives here already shelied, which dctac
from it's value, as the kernel has become rancid from
want Of the shell.
In making estimates based upon the foregoing data
should not be forgotten to take into consideration the DIFF
ference which exists between the wages of labor in France
and the United States. In each of the factories have
described about 80 employed at about 46 cents
per day. while four supenendents receive 1887 37 each
per annum This force is divided into two relie, which
changed every six hours
An excellent oil is also manufactured from the sesame
seed the best quality of which from the Ievant
Quantltlcs arc ALSO ou'
oil from the latter is only for burning and making soap
while that of the former is also used for eating.
Ii may be asked if the sesame cannot be cultivated
with advantage in the Carolinas Georgia, Alabama,
Louisiana and Texas An attempt was made to raise
in France and it developed WE'LL but the heat not
sufficient duration to ripen it.
The coprah Tor small cocoa-nut seed Is also used
manufacture OIL and tyieds about 75 per cent but the
former can only be used in the manufacture of soap
The COLA seed is also much used for manufacturing
oils is cultivated in the northern part of France and
might should think, be raised in the United Staie
MANY other seeds such cotton and melon seeds, arc
used for the manufacturing of oil The different species
of seeds cannot be mixed but sometimes the peanuts
southern Senegal are mixed with the peanuts Of north.
en Senegal and the Of the Levant is sometimes
mixed with that of India but the sesame and peanut
cannot be mixed.
All the different varieties of seed oils manufactured
in the same and by the same machinery with
the exception that the oocoanut does not pass through
the amnoir.
Each of the factories described produces s 900 barrels
oil day and the demand is greater thnn the supply
NAVY pEPARIMENT.
The oop-ocn Janetorn Subjoincd is the list Of OH
GERS ordered to the sloop Jamestown, now fitting
up at the Philadelphia navyyard preparatory to joining
the home squadron
Commander C. ii. A. H. Kenncly feutenantI
George b. Balch Samuel Edwards, J. w. Bennett S. D
Luce and r l.. May acting master, Jno. S. Bsrnes;
surgeon, Marine Duvall assistant surgeon, Thomas