davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1857-02-21
NEW FORK HERALD SATURDAY, FEBRUARY H. 1857.

Who was seeking 70 cloak bis gui or tAey The tuy,
eeneysd here was some osher motiv htoh IVES MOI
Disclosed for The oone0cii0u q the stoY elased BY the
Witnesses for the prosecution. In con on TIE IA
ccYdev rsA~ their attention 70 the excel hrsoer OF
Ne accused Sk,eA WA n vuy - tina dell.
fnl csaes His Honor occupied baH % As"-
very Of Bis charge The tone Of which wAs very favorable
70 the defendant
me Jury retired d O'CLOCK and after an absence Of
half an hour, rendered . verdio. Of "not guilty"
When the jury returned from their deliberations
and made their appearance m the Court room
the deepest anxiety was cnAntfest6d by tbe An
dienoe, and .hle The olsrk called over the
names OF tho taren . deash-hke silenoe perysded
the room, such % sny exhibited when human being
about emerging NO ne shores OF time into the ocean
eeernny put q ~ The foreman pronounoed the
WORDS, MOI gWV, !" TIN stiffness wAs rudely broken
~ LOUD apPauseI part OF tho audience whose Ruo
Ies r exoee ed their Intelligence, and whose sense
prophecy Wv less then that OF The untutorod savage
me hesoSar very properly suppressed su,h volent
nneCapo OF feeling, and observed that II any ono
shh roo N would be gnity Of auch breach OF deoorum
ssam ne would punish them for contempt.
W Moore was TN mediasely surrounded by hs friends
congratulated him upon the happy Of the TRIAL
each Of the juro, also ON retiring, ahook hands with
the doctor and COUNSEL the advocates for the accused
thanked the Judge, end, In Short there . good
time al rouRd aer which the Court adjourned TIN 10
morrow morning, when The Grand Jury win announce
he result OF their investigation into the murder Of Dr.
BuSdeN, and the February term win close
The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1857-02-21

Nelson Mrs Chss
Nevfn Mary
Rf1on May
Oden Isabella A
Ogden Grace
Oliver Mary
Orme Ann
49, Y ate
VDryo..
Oprien M0Earw
O'brien Sarah
Place Mrs \ L
r&c"~- Aoigal
ARK MM&Mot
Parker Mrs
Partridge Mrs ChAs
Passage Madam j A
Pratt Eliza
Plat Mary
Patterson Miss 4 j
Paxon Margaret
Queen Margrei {
Rand Mrs N v
Raphael Mrs, Div.
si,n st
Rencuff Phebe II
Reynolds Mary
Reilly hllzabeh
Riley Mary
Riley Margaret
Riley Ann
Rich Esther
Riddol Jenny
Ripple Caroline
Riverd Mfs,Lexing.
ton ave
Rivers Kate
Sc. Chair Kate
schajer Mrs G
Sanders Fonora
Sandiord Mrs j h
Sanford Mary
Stanley Ellen
stanton earah
Staples Mrs jas II
Sarraco CarU.ta
stsyke Bette
Sfarhe Henrietta D
Starkweathcr Eliza
beth w
Slason Annie r
spratt Mrs, 9TH ave
Slattery Khcia or
Bridget
Snavely Hliza
Shaw Sarah ID
SawyG Abbey
Sawyer Louisa j
sawtoli Jenny
Sayle Elleu
Seaman Ellen
Seaman Jessie A
Sheehan Mrs, Sd Az
Sheehy Mary
Seenan Charlotte
Sweeny Hannah
Sweeny Mary
|, Tcnfy Josephine
Taylor Eleanor
!. rsylor Sarah f
|? Taylor Mrs CaptSaI
4 John j
Terrell Mrs Jsne
|. ressell Ellen b
~icpor Grace Ann
, Theirs Ms, Crosby
IJpderhin Armenia
\ Van ALE n Mary J
Z Nanderberg Sarah
4 vanKeuIen sa-ah(
: Wall Mary
WI lsh Mrs N, Read
WEIGH Ann
Walsh Catherine.
J. Pearl st
! WslshKate Canal
Wash kllen
Walsh Mary
. Wal ger Mary ID
Ward Sarah
Ward Mrs John
Ward Mrs Peter
WaferburrMaryAn
Watkins Miss NJ j
Watson Elizabeth
Washington Caro-
line
The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1857-02-21
LIST OF LETTERS
Remalnlng n tho Hov Ysrk City Pest o1lee
Friday, Feb. 20, 1857.

Published exclusively 10 the New YoRK HERALD By Act
sonsrets-se paper hari9 DE avses circulation Of suy pope
I, 6e United States.
The Nevada Democrat., 1857-01-28

SAN JOSE VALLEY.-We have examined many
places in this valley, says the California Farmer,
and it is not so well fitted for planting as some
other valleys. There does not seem to have
been the average amount of rain in this valley.
San Jose, or rather Santa Clara valley is now
suffering for heavy rains and the usual over
flow, in order to destroy the gophers and squir-
rels, which seem to infest this valley almost like
the locusts of Egypt In no part Of the State
do we believe these animals are so numerous or
severe in their depredations They eat off two
years. old fruit trees, and make sad havoc in
many ways. Nothing but the heavy rains and
a temporary flood can check them.
The Nevada Democrat., 1857-01-28
GREGORY & SPARKS.
L. w OFF f

l.. w . l. II f,
WHOLESALE AND RETAIL DEALER
Groceries, Provisions, Liquors, Crockery
AND GENERAL MERCHANDISE.
No. 65 Broad street Nevada.
HAS On HAND the following articles which will be sold
i L at a small advance for the ready CASH.
Hams in brine Brandy,
Extra Clear Pork Gin and whiskcy
Extra Clear Bacon Porter and Ale,
lard. in kegs and tins Schnapps
New Goshen Butter. Port and Claret Wines
Cal Butter, in & lob. tins Champagne Wine,
New Orleans Sugar, Tobacco of various brands,
Crushed sugar, Cigars,
Bar Sugar, Barrel Flour
China No. Sugar. s. H. Flour,
Carolina Rice, Plain Flour,
China Rice, Potatoes and Corn Meal,
Boston Syrup, Broums and Shovels
Lemon Syrup Ilatches Axes and Files
Assorted Syrups, Knives, Forks and Spoons,
Black and Green Teas, Pick and Axe Helves,
Sperm Candles, Hoes.
Adanantinc Candles Hill and CASTLE Soap,
Can Fruits, in all varieties Lamp Wicks,
Starch, Red Herring
Camphine, Cocoa Shell,
Lamp Oil, lappoca,
Iron and Tin Ware. Indigo Maze. Nutmegs,
Wrapping Il Letter Paper, Cloves, Ginger, Aspice,
Smoked Beef Pepper and Mustard
Cal and Goshen Cheese, Cream Tartar,
Nails, assorted sizes SaleTatus,
Shot, Powder and Fuse, Washing and lakng Soda,
Lanterns, Vemcila and Macarona,
Cal. and Chill Beans, MacSerel,
Bayou Beans, Yeast Powders,
Ground Coffee, Pickles, in kegs and glass,
Java ana ldO tOHee, tfanDerfPS'
Costa Rica Coffee Tomato CaSup,
Dried Apples, Pepper Sauce,
Chilli Peaches. Assorted Sauces,
Salt in sacks and boxes Pie Fruits
Barley and Wheat, Quicksilver
Jcles and Jams in glass Lamp Glasses.
Also a variety Of other articles too numerous to mention
endeavors shall not be required TO please those tina
should favor with call for any of the above articles, o
defy competition for the quality and PRICES oUF
| GOODS.
RE- Al Goods purchased Of as, delivered FIR n l
| CHARGE and ,Gih punduatay. ga
l.. WOLFF.
| Nevada Sent S56-14-+f
The Nevada Democrat., 1857-01-28
A Remarkable Tragedy-TwO Men KILLED.

The Rochester American has the following
remarkable statement, contained in letter from
Monmouth, Warren county, Illinois, under date
of Dec. 18th:
A bloody tragedy was performed at the Bald
win House, in this city, this afternoon. was
conversing with gentleman in Dr. Thayer's S
drug store, about two O'Clock, when the terrible
cry of murder was heard, and we all started out
to discover the cause We we're soon directed
by the throng of people to the above-named
hotel, distant only few yards, and there well
tering in their blood lay the victims of the
most sanguinary single-hand conflict it has
been my lot to witness. 1t is impossible to de-
scribe the horror depicted on the visages of that
throng of spectators called there at moments
warning The circumstances are as follows
A Mr.. Fleming an elderly gentleman, and two
sons about rs to 28 years of age, had called
upon a Mr.. Crosier, at his rooms at the Baldwin
House, armed each with q loaded pistol, to
coerce the latter gentleman into concession
and retraction of o calumny affecting their
daughter and sister, with which they charged
Mr.. C. Mr.. c., after some pretty warm Ian
guage had passed between the parties agreed to
and did sign retraetion in the presence of a
friend with whom the Messrs. Fleming had
brought with them.
Immediately after delivering the paper into
the possession of their FRIEND the Messrs. f., or
one of the brothers says to Mr.. c., Il am now
going to cow-hide you," and one of the boys
holding cooked pistol to his head, directed the
other to inflict the threatened punishment, which
he Immediately commenced. He had struck
three or four blows when c. pulled dirk-knife
from a side pocket and passing at the same
time his left arm around the neck of the one
who piled the lash, stabbed him in the left breast
and as quick as thought, withdrew the knife,
and struck the one who held the pistol back
handed blow which reached, as did the first the
heart of his victim.
Both brothers received their death wounds in
less than two seconds, and were both bloody
corpses in three minutes after they were struck
The old man had gone out into the hall and
locked the door and stood upon the outside with
pistol to keep out assistance. The affair has
created an immense excitement here, | assure
you. The young man Croser is under arrest
having surrendered himself into custody, and is
to undergo an examination to morrow
The sympahies of the people are mostly with
| Crosier He acts and looks the picture Of de-
spair. He is young man, some q to 30 years
| old, and unmarried He is said to have been
engaged to the lady in question, who is at pre-
sent out of the State. The other parties were
respectable farmers, and two of them, | under
stand, members of the church in good standing.
The Nevada Democrat., 1857-01-28
BOOTS AND SHOES

G MAYFIsS Il WM R. COE, successors to p. J. Espen-
>. schcl) of Main and Commercial Streets would
respectfully inform the public that they have purchased
the large nd wc selected Stock Of BOOTS AND SHOES
contained in the above establishment and hope by strict
attention business to merit share Of the public pat
ronagc.
Having Just received from San Francisco choice and
well selected stock of Boots and Shoes Ladies and Misses
Caters Busns Slippers Children's Shoes &c. &c, they
would respectfully invite all those wanting any thing in
the above line give them call they believe for
rety quality and cheapnes their stock is unsurpassed in
the mountains.
Repairing done the shortest notice. in workmankC
manner and on the most reasonable terms.
:. MAYERS.
WM. r. COE
The Nevada Democrat., 1857-01-28

MARROW ESCAPE FROM DEATH.-The Volcano
Ledger of January l7th contains the following
record of remarkable escape:
Mr.. Fabin informs us that as he was coming
from West Point to this place yesterday, he ar
rived at deep cut where two men were sui-
cling, and being on horseback, he was unable to
proceed. Seeing no trail around, he hallooed
TO the men for directions, but the water making
too much noise for them to understand him,
they both climbed out of the cut, and had bare
ly reached him when the whole bank for twenty
feet back caved in and buried the sluices where
they had been working ten or twelve feet deep.
Two minutes longer remaining, and they would
have met with certain DEATH
The Nevada Democrat., 1857-01-28
LIVERY s SALE STABLE.

MIN NTREEI, NETI
~ j. A. LANCASTER, FORMERLY OF THE
Tlr@. Metropolis Stable, would inform his friends
SxA and the public generally that he has added
AAZA extensively to his already Large and Ele-
CANT establishment of Horses Bugges Saddles Harness,
&c &c-and is prepared TO furnish as fine turn
outs can be onnd in the State.
Well trained fleet and easy Saddle Horses, well equipped
for Ladies or Gentlemen will be ready at all times
long experience in the business and earnest desire
retain the confidence of his friends, leads him To be
eye he will he able to give general satisfaction.
Particu uIar attention paid to Horses on Livery
Carriage always in readiness with careful drivers for the
use of Balls Parties &c. &c
The quality of my will permit me to say that those
seeking pleasure or engaged on business would do well
give me call. j. \. LANCASTER.
Nevada Aug. 90 IS5G.-4G-tf
The Nevada Democrat., 1857-01-28

| THE USEFUL AND THE BEAUTIFUL.-The tomb
of Moses is unknown, but the traveller slakes his
thirst at the well Of Jacob. The gorgeous pal
ace of the wisest and the wealthiest monarchs,
with the cedar, the gold and ivory, and even
the great temple of Jerusalem hallowed by the
visible glory of the Deity himself, are gone but
/ SOlomOn's reservoirs are as perfect as ever Of
the ancient architecture of the Holy City, not
one stone is left upon another; but the pool Of
Bethsaida commands the pilgrims reverence at
the present day. The columns OfPersepolis are
mouldering in the dust, but its cisterns and
aqueducts remain to challenge our admiration
The golden house of Nero is mass 0fruins but
Aqua Claudia still pourS into Rome its liquid
stream The temple of the sun at TadmOr in
the wilderness has fallen, but its fountain spar
kles as freshly in his rays as when thousands of
worshippers throngcd its lofty cOlonades. 1t
may be London will share the fate of Babylon,
and nothing be left to mark its site save mounds
of crumbling brick-work. The Thames will
continue to flow as it does now And if any
work of art should still rise over the deep ocean
of time, we may well believe that it will be ne-
ther palace nor a temple, but some vast age
duct or reservoir; and if any name should still
fash through the mist of antiquity, it will prob
ably be that Of the man who in his day sought
the happiness of his fellow men rather than their
glory. and linked his memory to some great
work of national utility and benevolence This
is the true glory which outlives all others, and
will shine with undyng lustre from generation
to generation, inparting to works something of
It's own Immortality, and in some degree rescu-
ing them from the ruin which overtakes the or
dinary monuments of historical tradition or
mere magnificence-Edin RevieV.
The Nevada Democrat., 1857-01-28

THE DRED SCOTT CAsE.-The case of Dred
Scott and others, now being argued before the
Supreme Court at Washington, involves ques-
tions of much political interest which the Ma
tional Intelligencer states as follows:
First-Whether free black man is a citizen
of the United States, 80 as to be competent to
sue in the Courts of the United States.
Second-Whether a slave carried voluntarily
by his master into free State, and returning
voluntarily with his master to his home, is a
free man by virtue Of such temporary residence;
and,
Thrdly-Whethcr the eighth section of the
Missouri act of 1920 prohibiting slavery north
Of latitude 36 deg. and 80 min., is constitu-
tional or not.
The facts of the case are stated as follows:
The plaintiff, man Of color, brought a suit
to try his right to freedom He claims having
been emancipated by his master having taken
him to reside in Illinois which act, it is declared
by the Constitution Of the State operated to
emancipate him. The Circuit Court decided
against the plaintiff, on the ground that by his
return to Maryland his masters right, dormant
whilst in Illinois, had revived, and that the Con-
stitutiOn of Illinois was penal law, which the
Courts of other States were not bound to en-
force.
The case was argued at the last session but
the decision was reserved to allow of arguments
in certain points of law.
The Nevada Democrat., 1857-01-28
Raising the sunIscn ships at sevostopol.

OF ali the seventy vessels that were scuttled
or sunk in the harbor of Sevastopol, between
Sept. %, and Feb. H. there have been only one
steamer, the Chersonese, and few transports
raised; the result of the examination to which
the others have been subjected by the divers,
show them not to be worth much expense being
bestowed upon them. The ships Of the line
which were sunk at the entrance Of the harbor,
had already been ten years afloat, and have
now been imbedded in the sand there for two
winters, so that they certainly cannot be worth
much. The liners Paris, Grossfurst, Constan-
tine, Maria. and Tschesmo, are lying on their
beam ends and have beet much injured by the
lurching over of the guns, the ballast and other
ponderous articles; the Chabry, Kulewtschy
and the steamers Vladimir, Bessarabia, Gro
mOnossetz, Odessa, Krimea, aud Turok, are de-
scribed as standing upright on their keels and
it is proposed to lift these by means of the Cher
soncsc and the transports.
AS regards those steamers which were among
the vessels that were sunk considerable hopes
are entertained that they may be brought into
service again. The parties who have under
taken the recovery Of these wrecks from the
bottom of the harbor. are to be paid for their
trouble and outlay with one half Of the estima-
ted value Of all objects recovered, remunera-
ton that it is thought to be in all probability
very inadequate to the expenses. The method
proposed is to fasten on to the sides of the ves-
sci to be raised sacks made air-tight with tar or
gutta percha; in the case Of ship Of the line it
| is calculated that 1000 of these sacks must be
used, containing $4,000 cubic feet of air.
Whether the scuttled vessels can ever be used
or not. it seems to be decided that they must be
lifted, and not blown to pieces, inasmuch as by
this latter process the roads would be encum-
bered with a vast number of chains, guns an.
chors, and other heavy bodies, which would for
ever after obstruct the anchorage very much.
The Nevada Democrat., 1857-01-28

STARVING CHARACTERs.-Aecording to a Chi
nese notion, the soul of the poet passes into a
grasshopper, because the latter sings till il
starves.
The Nevada Democrat., 1857-01-28
TRAVELLING
EVApA 8 WASHINGTON sTAGE LIVE.

NEVADA & WASHINGTON STAGE LINE.
ON AND AFTER JANUARY l, 1856, the above Line will
~ run follows:
Leaving the Office at Frisbe's old Stand Nevada, at
O'Clock A. passing by Mountain Spring House, Morgans
Cold Spring White Cloud, Gold Hill and Alpha, arriving
at Washington by O'Clock in the afternoon.
It is the nearest and best Route to Washington Omega
Scotchman's Creek Poor Mans Creek, and Eureka.
Returnng-The Stages will leave the South Yuba Hotel
Washington every morning at nine O'Clock and arrive at
Nevada by O'Clock p. NJ connecting with the Cali
forna Stage Co.'S Coaches for Auburn Sacramento Marys
vile and Shasta.
0nice-South Yuba Hotel Washington.
A. S. oIIN, Proprietor.
w s McRoRERTs Aren't Nevada G34-tf
CALIFORNIA STAGE COMPANY.
TINE STAGES of this Company will leave their Office at
i Frisbe's old Stand Nevada, as follows:
FOR SACRAMENTO
Leaves Nevada at O'Clock A. NJ and arriving at sac
mento in time for the O'Clock boats for San Francisco
Also at O'Clock A. NJ, running via Auburn, as an Ac-
commodation Line to Sacramento.
FOR MARYSvILIE.
Leaves the above named Office every morning at seven
O'Clock A. NJ passing through Grass Valley, Rough
Ready Empire Ranch and Long Bar, and aTiyng in Ma
rysyille at o'clock p. NJ.
FOR FOREST CITY, BONNEVILLE, PATTERSON woLsEYs,
MooRES ORLEANS FLATS.
Leaves every morning at IL O'Clock A. NJ
JAMES HAWORTH,
Prest C. s. Co.
W. s. MCRoBERTS Agent Nevada. lu
The Nevada Democrat., 1857-01-28

Mr. s. MAYERS. late of Grass Valley, and VIM r. Coz,
formerly of the Broad Street Boot and Shoe Store have
purchased my entire stock of Boots and Shoes and would
cheerully recommend them to the public as gentlemen
every way worthy their support and would respectfully
solicit for them the patronage of old friends and cuso
merS. 32-ul i. j. FSPENSCHtID.
The Nevada Democrat., 1857-01-28
UNITED STATES BAKERY,

Pine Street. first Door below Kidd Knoxs Brick Store
TINE UNDERSIGNED having rebuilt and fitted up their
i BAKERY, the site Of the old stand, are now pre-
pared to furnish their Old customers and all who may give
them a call with all kinds Of BREAD and CAKE at prices
to suit the times
BOSTON BROWN BREAD AND GRAHAM BREAD Of
very superior quality constantly on hand; also,
Fruit, Lemon, Pound and Sponge Cake.
Wedding Parties Families and Restaurants supplied with
every variety of Bread and Pastry usually found in New
York Bakeries, at wholesale prices. -
good assortment of PIE FRUITS, JAMS JEILIES
FIGS, PRUNES. TANLARINDS, STRAWBERRIES, &c.
RS-FRESH EGGS and CHEESE constantly on hand. -aa
42-tf DREIFOSS& LEPPERT
The Nevada Democrat., 1857-01-28
GROCERIES.
SAN FRANCISCO GROCERY AND PROvI-
SION STORE.
NTo"Toe

MOTTO.
"SmnlI Profits and Quick Returns"
FTNHE UNDERSIGNED WOULD RESPECTFULLY SOLICIT
the attention of the Families and Miners OF Nevada and
vicinity to their well selected stock of Family
Groceries, Provisions, Liquors, &C.,
Which cannot be exeed in quality and at the lowest pri
One of the firm constantly being in San Francisco,
affords unequaed facilities for purchasing by which
means feel confident to be able give
GENERAL SATISFACTION AS TO PRICES.
We have also hand Mining Implements of best makers
N. B-Hote Keepers Restaurants and Country Dealers,
would find it to their advantage to give call before
purchasing elsewhere.
A. ALEXANDER.
N. BAH Goods delivered Free of Charge.
No 35 Broad Street BcknePs Building. 46-tf
The Nevada Democrat., 1857-01-28

EMIGRATION TO TEXAS AND ARKANsAs.-The
emigration to these States from the older Slave
STATES is remarkably large, and seems constant
ly on the increase. A recent number of the
Memphis Bulletin says:
''We have never before observed so large q
number of emigrants going westward as are
crossing the river at this point daily, the two
ferry boats sometimes three) going crowded
from early morn until the boats cease making
their trips at night. 1t is no uncommon sight
to see from twenty to forty wagons encamped
on the bluff for the night, notwithstanding there
has been a steady stream going across the river
all day; and yet the cry is still they come. The
emigration is from the older States, mostly Vir-
ginia, North and South Carolina Georgia, Ala
bama. Mississippi, and this State. all going to
settle in Arkansas and Texas. Judging from
these indications, the influx Of population into
these States will be larger this season than ever
before, and Of good substantial citizens"
The Nevada Democrat., 1857-01-28

A RARE BLOCK FOR THE WASHINGTON MoNU-
MENT.-Dr Heap has sent to the United States a
beautiful block of Cartbagenian marble for the
Washington Monument. 1t was Obtiined from
the ruins of what is supposed to have been the
temple of Esculapius, and was cut from most
splendid column of yellow antique marble with
red veins. The block is a cube Of two feet; on
a highly polished surface it bears the arms of
Carthage, "a horse and palm tree.) executed in
mosaic, underneath which is the word Carthage.
The different colored marble of which the Mosaic
is composed were all obtained from the ruins of
Carthage. In future ages when not even the
ruins of this once famous city of antiquity re-
main to attest its past existence, this solitary
block of marble dug from the mouldering ruins
of an idolatrous temple, and placed in monu-
ment to "the Father of his Country" may per-
haps be the sole relic of Carthage from the
wreck of time.
The Nevada Democrat., 1857-01-28
$4,000 WORTH OF FURITUNRE ,

I'D ENTIRE NEW STOCK, THE LARGEST AND
- best selected brought into the mountains
e4l,l,.z all of which will be sold cheap for CASH.
- sisting of
BcdsteadS of all sizes;
Cane and Wood Seat Chairs:
Cane and Wood Seat Office Chairs
Dining. Card and Center Tables
Extension and Reading Tables;
Office Desks and Fumiture
Barber's Chairs Wash Stands;
Looking Glasses Of all sizes
Cane Seat and Back Arm Rockers and Nurse Chairs;
Mattresses: Pillows; Pillow Cases;
Sheets; Comforers: Feathers. &c.
The undersigned would respectfully invite the attention
of their old customers and the public generally to their
stock of goods
On the Corner of Pine and Commercial sts.,
Where by strict attention business they hope to merit
liberal share of public patronage.
46-tf ABBOTT & EDWARDS.
The Nevada Democrat., 1857-01-28

BUY FRESH HEALTHY FLOUR!!
THE NETADA FLOUR MILLS ARE MAKING THE
best Flour in this State,
NTINERS and others who wish good Flour, will do well
lNI TO enquire for that made at the above Mill Nearly
all the merchants keep it for sale.
FOR SALE AT TIE MILL
Ground Barley.
Middlings,
Shorts,
And Bran.
46-tf W j. TIl.I.EY.
The Nevada Democrat., 1857-01-28

Nevada. Sent. 1S56.-14.tf