The emigrant aid journal of Minnesota. [volume] (Nininger City, Minn. Terr. [i.e. Minn.]) 1856-1858, 1857-10-10

MINNESOTA TERRITORY. OC'
in three months Moreover no one can look at the cabi
net OF models in Mr. Costers without recognizing
the superiority of the Kohinoor and the Star of the
South any Of the other gems which belong to the
sovereigns Of Europe.
The manner in which the value of cut diamonds is
calculated makes Of the greatest importance that the
weight should be reduced little possible. stone
Of carat is valued at pounds serling while
twice the weight is worth 81 pounds the rule being,
the square of the weight multiplied by the price Of
stone weighing unity, gives the true value According
this principle the Kohnoor worth 10000 pounds,
and the Star of the South 125,000 pounds But the
rale applied of very large size these
possess value altogether arbitrary.
By cutting the peculiar briliancy Of the diamond is
brought out and it's value fixed Then the jeweer adds
beauty by tasteful setting. His skilltul combina
ton of various kinds of precious stones, that the
may npart spendor to the other, makes the starry rays
OF the diamond sparkle with glory in the tiara, broach
or necklace During the last twenty years. great pro-
gess has been made in the Of setting Of which spen
did specimens exhibited both at the London and
Paris Exhibitions Rubies sapphires, emeralds, and
diamonds formed into anemones, roses, carna-
TONS tulips, convovu, lilies, and other flowers. Proba
bly,, the idea originated with the glory which seen,
early morning, when the rising shines
on the dewy flowers.
The revolution in France the end Of the last cen.
tury, nearly ruined the jewelers. of Paris, and for time
gave check to improvement Under the imperial gov
eminent OF Napoleon L., progress again made
but the art only began flourish after the restoration
At first, they worked with of the second class
such as topazes, amethysts, and algue- marines, with
Which rnkets of more appearance than value could be
made. Afterwards it found that by initiating flow
ers the number of precious stones in proportion to the
size ofhe jewel could be reduced without njuring the
efect while diamonds Of less purity, such those of
Bahia could be more freely used The practice of set
ting diamonds in silver, and rubies in gold i'm
part apparent increase Of size to the one and splen
dor OF color 10 the other became general and the
most beautiful des have been wrought out with the
greatest neatness and taste At no period in the history
of the world have so fine specimens of the jewelers. art
been produced during the present century by the
lists of London and Chambers Journal.
Ditch FenCiDg-In and Gut Of Season.
Without permanent and substantial fences around
farms, it is impossible to make and maintain other per
manent improvements 1t matter of the first import
ance construct the enclosing barrers-of whatever
material they may be made-that they will not only be
effective for the present, but substantial and durable
therefore economca-as far in the future possible
With fences that intended to grow and lve-with
living fencesthe element of time is of vital importance
very much affecting the operations. Either
failure other conditions being ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS on the
renee Deng Haue at proper propose now to
offer a few remarks on the best time to ditch.
Whenever ditch bank is built up with sods, of course
the grass roots severed by the cutting and the sap
will run out and the roots die back for some distance
from the severed end.
If ditching be done in the fall which is generally our
lriest season. the roots cut will wilt and dry much
further into the sod than when sap is making and cir
culating and the ground more moist This not being
the Of growth either for root blade of
connexon Of the sods be made by the growth of
the roots On the contrary their power to extend has
been much reduced by their being cut at time when
there is comparatively circulation to repair the wound
ed parts and roots that have been cut off thus in the
fall, will not be near as vigorous and consequently will
not connect the sod so soon they would have done if
left in of their entire channels of circulation
for it certainly clear that the frost will much more
weaken the rooets cut off and kill them back nearer to
the stem-root radice, than could possibly have hap
pened had their life orce-he growing powerbeen
essened by unreasonable cutting-dtching. This, to-
geher with the fact, that the sod and dirt not so
plastic, and cannot, therefore, be we'll formed lick
ed into shape seems to be strong objection to max
ing ditch banks in the fall. Moreover the bank dries
good deal after, being laid upnotwithsandng it was
dry enough perhaps dry beforeat this season of
the year, and has to be re-wet before there can be
chance for the roots to grow in the ensuing spring
There apparently serious obstacles to making perma-
nent fence by ditching in the fall or autumn.
Ditching ia the season Of hayng and harvest is of
not to be thought OF seriously Late spring and
early to be preferred to the fall for laying
sod because there is at least chance for the
cuating sap to heal the severed rootsand thus pre-
cudes their being killed back by the drouth and frost of
late fall and winter. In comparatively moist season
like the present this will hold good any rate though
it might not if the season were dry from the middle Of
June forward The comparative disadvantage of ditch
ing in early summer, compared with early spring, is
that after has in the life of the future fence
the roots and stems in the sod-have made than
half their annu growth, and the small proportion Of
growth they therefore make after being laid up will
not half we'll connect the sods give half much
xedness to the fence and power Of resistance to either
frost drouth, in the Of nearly the whole annual
growth of roots taking place AFTER instead of BEFORE the
laying up. This would especially be true, on high
marsh, wherever the banks drain quickly and in dry
seasons. Better far have less dtchng done in any
year, than have much imperfectly done, boched ;
thus destroying the material that properly used would
suffice to make durable fence instead of requiring
annual repairing, and worth the cost-aside from
the cost OF repairing, after made.
The only objection that appears to ditching in early
spring isand this holds of wet situations onlytha it
is cold and uncomfortable for the operator Surely this
may be easily by the of waterproof boots
very commonly worn in England-and of course cas-
lily made to order by those who understand their trade
With the exceptions Of this slight Objectionable advan
ages of ditchng after the frost is out of the ground
in spring possible-rather than at any othsr
manifest For 6rst the material used plastic, and