The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1857-08-16

the st. Lawrence In summer aud to Portland In
WINTER. and tho people in To provinces complain
70 the bone government that they cannot get Q
support for their line while opposed by the t,ads
asd tho national treasuries of Great Britain aud
America. In answer to the complaints made by
Mr.. John Young in behalf OF the Canadians,
few mouths since, the London Times ssid-
tss scyssncest Of this country soss In scoordanns
munV. No shAu hear no move Of lub ized ues xeeu
EDe'snd ana America, vnen have onoe saa ded our
lar II u an enormous sum thai the 8-,a.h Suerc anns
ally pays sov theso pos'ai nrscaa rhe Poss
ss OF the moterss rate o. that the
requiiss di' sstsaoh oue SHIN xnsv or a.
ISOLATION Of .h'p .wper., .t'l de 1t, suohsr VII Tue
puhhc sevvke vi be better and economically Der.
form than utder sny tyrea OF snb'tAzsd hines What
we ssy the Canshisa and the United Stats mails apples
eQuslly 70 postal commInHaiou vi a Australs Nis
high time that there should be free In conveying
leaeYs ~ In all hipes elAe
Such is the language Of the Bsitish govern
ment, and such the voice Of the British press. on
the subject of ocean mail contracts We see aed
know the condition of the British steam mail
service, and we see tue mercantile steam marioe
Of our strongest competitor for the worlds COM
MERGE Sipce the close of the war in the Crimes
an immense number of steamers have been seek
ing employment In various parts of the world
We can judge something of the vast increase of
this traffic by eeeing the steam trade between
steamers from England and Scotland to the Bal
tic POI rs nnDbered2G, and these made 70 voyages.
In 1856 there were 1876 different steamers in the
Baltic trade, and these made 1884 voyages
= Steam is now entering the Geld of competition
in certain descriptions of traffic in Great Britain
that as yet have scarcely excited thought among
American ship owners. The domestic and foreign
coal trade Is now transacted largely in steam col
liers, and with manifest advantages and profit,
without any increase of rates of freight A
new steamer was launched but few weeks
since, one of the principal proprietors being
the Chairman Of the London Coal Exchange
and this is to ply in the coal trade between
the Tyne and London. 1t will carry 1900
tons Of coal, besides fuel for the round
trip; and from the past performances of
other steam GOLFERS, this vessel-the William
Cory-is expected to do the work of twenty
sailing vessels Of 500 tons EACH and without
half the outlay Of capital or onefOurh the expense
for the victualling and wages of men. 1t is no
longer an experiment Screw colliers have been
in operation over two years, and they are largely
on the Increase, both in number and size. By
new method vessel Of the size of the William
Cory can be unloaded and take in ballast for
return voyage in one day. The ballast used Is
water, pumped into tanks by the steamers en-
gnes. Last year screw steamer was launched
for deep sea fishing of the coast of Scot
land, and q few months since O steam
whaler was despatched to the Arctic sea-
With feet steamers to chase the whale among the
icebergs, with harpoon guns to strike the mon.
sters and electric batteries to kill, the old Ame-
rican lugger, aouDdering about for two or three
years to get half full Of oil and bone, may a.
well lay up, for there can be no competition in
such a race. The last news from England brings
the intelligence that the screw steamer Golden
Fleece, 300 tors, and five other steamers of
nearly equal size, the Lady Jocelyn, the Austria
liam, the Sydney the Victoria and the Scotland
bad just been chartered by the East India
Company to convey troops to India round the
Cape. The number Of ocean steamers, indepen-
dent Of these, In the mail service in Great Bri-
tain is not less than six hundred. With naval
fotce Of 27l war steamers mercantile marine of
1869 steamboats, and ships, and 12l steam yes
sels in the ocean mail service, and with steam
transports for war purposes, steam Golfers, steam
fishing vessels and steam whalers, We cannot
wonder at the supremacy Of Great Britain on the
ocean We cannot wonder that the ex-
ports and imports Of the United Kingdom
amount 10 sixteen hundred million dollars
sl,600,000,000) in a year, while our foreign
commerce is less than SIX hundred millions
The French government has made a contract Civ
ing an annual subsidy of fourteen million francs
for no less than twenty-ix ocean mail steamers
OF the largest size, to run to the United States,
South America, West Indies and the African
coast The Russian Commercial Steam Company
in the Black Sea have already, by their competi-
tion, driven away the Turkish steamers, and the
next great project Of the Car is to unite the
Black, Caspian and Aral seas by a ship canal
Holland, the free city Of Hamburg, and the little
States Of Belgium, Portugal and Sardinia have
either in operation or now building ocean steam
CTS to compete for the trade of North and South
America. Such is q faint picture Of the Euro
pean mercantile steam feet in the year of grace
1861.