The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1857-12-27

say whether this rnmor is founded In truth,
but from all we know Of Chinese pigheadedness
1 should imagine it will prove to be correct. The
want Of energy that has characterized the English
operations against Canton has inspired the Chinese
with thorough contempt for all Europeans; having
heard very little about the Indian difficulty, they
attribute the sudden suspension Of hostilies entirely
to their own prowess, and the victorious Yeh il be-
lieved TO have completely beaten and cowed the red
bristed mrbarians 1t is TO this feeling probably
that the III success of Admiral Putialins mission Is
owing, which, however, does not az has been erro-
neously stated refer to the ceson of the territory on
the Amoor. Those regions never having been ac-
tually occupied by the Chinese, our government con-
siders them a. waste land, which belong de ure and
de facfO Ia the first settlers, and to which China has
no legal title. ~ is not unlikely, to be sure that
Putialin was instructed to induce the Celestias to
renounce whatever claims they might have on the
formally acknowledged by Russia and although
the two empires have been for several years in
constant Communication without China's even urging
them; but the chief object of his embassy was
gotiate commercial treaty on the same basis that
concluded With Japan, opening all or a certain mum
Der Of the Chinese ports TO Russian commerce, and
empowering this country TO send it political agent
resident Minister at the Court of Pekn. Whether
the declining to entertain such proposals would be
solid reason for issuing declaration OF war seems
rather doubtful, and rather think international law
would answer such question in the NEGATIVES; but
Vattel and Puf1endorf have never been much con
suited in the dealings of European nations with ORR
entails. That resort TO the ultima ratio il conteni-
plated by the Russian government is evident from
the fact tina. o squadron is now on its way 10 the
Chinese seas which, though not strong enough to take
Canton, a sal to Pekin will be welcome addition
to the naval force collected in those waters ny
France and fngland The Morskoi Sdornik in
forms us that Captain kuznetsof in command OF
the squadron just alluded to, was about leaving
Brest after having been joined by the Askold steam
frigate, which had been detained some days at
(pODp0haQpn al har ri nj
in the Belt.
Lieutenant General Mouravief-the energetic and
indefatigable Governor of Eastern Siberia--who APP
apears to be almost continually en- route between
the Amoor and ST. Petersburg from whence he took
the opportunity last spring of making trip to
Paris, has been here again for the last few days and
has frequent conferences with the Grand Duke Con-
stantine. II the expected collision with the Celes-
tials should lead to an attack upon them by land,
this command will, doubtless, be entrusted to Moura-
vief who has organized corps q regulars and ire
guiars in the Trous Baica province sufficient to over
throw q whole host of Cinnamon. In the meantime
the AmoOr is being gradually coloniEed, and numbers
of vessels, almost exclusively American are arriving
at Nicolaievsk which would have every prospect Of
becoming the great emporium of trade for North
eastern Asia, IT. unfortunately the severe irosts did
not stop the navigation for at least six months to9e
ther. Ayan though, situated several degrees to the
north of Ncolaevsk has the advantage of the latter
in this respect, the Sea OF Ochotsk though often
full of floating ice s entirely frozen over; but
IHeH thefe ~ no hiu carriage 10 Ayan except across
the mountains, while Nicoaieysk is connected,
through the AMOR, with the whole interior Of 81.
IBERIA.
A scientific expedition on an extensive scale is
about TO start from this city under the auspices OF the
Russian Geographical Society, which may be eX-
pected to add greatly TO our knowledge OF the i'm
mense tract of country lying between the Caspian
and the confines of Ahghanstan. Iii conducted by
NJ. Hanikof formerly consulgeneral at Tabree1, aud
generally known TO the scientific world by his Travels
N Rakharr y n her on M
ethnlkbgy Of Central Asia. accompanied by Profess
sor Bunge as naturalist, Dr. Goebet as geologst,
and numerous staff of Swans and officers OF the
Typographical and Mining Departments. The
travellers will embark at Bakoo early in the spring
for Astrabad, and proceed TO khorassan, Meshcd
and Herat; from thence TO Lake Hamoon, and up
the river Hemesd-if possible, "a far as Candahar--
returning by kener and Yezd to Ispahan. Part of
that region being infested by rowing hordes OF farco
mans, they will be attended by military escort pro-
vided by the Vieeroy OF the Caucasus permission
being asked and obtained of the Shah of Persia for
them TO pass through his dominons Although this
ter, it cannot he doubted that there are political OBJ
jects connected With il; at any rate every step of
the route between the Caspian and the British pos
sessions in the lunjab will be explored, and line
traced for future operations in which the
du pays acquired IA this manner will be of the highest
importance. ! mot know whether the British go
vernment will be particularly delighted TO Rus
sian expedition spproach 80 near their frontier even
forward reconmisances at various times TO Khva
and other points the outskirts of the Russian ter
rtory, they haze no right to complain.
The assassination OF Prince Alexander Gagarin,
Governor-Gencal of katais, by one of the petty
cheftans Of TINT country has caused q painful i'm.
preston here. Among the districts composing the
province Of knas is the little prncipaty clan Of
Sravetia STUFFED near the head waters Of the ingoor
the feudal lors Of which three brothers OF the
family of Observation-Disclosures Jansag, and
0tar. Murzakan or Constantine Dadesh-kan was
a captain in he NijniNevgorod regiment Of dra-
goons, and has always been considered faithful adj
herent of Russo.
II appears that on being summoned TO the pre-
sence of the Governor.General, he suddenly threw
himself upon him, stabbed him repeatedly with a
stiletto, struckdown the Governors secretary and
an orderly otcer, who attempted 10 interrpose,
and was with difficulty seized by the sentinel, who
pinned him Ia the wall with his bayonet. What in
duccd him commit this crime has pot been
satisfactorily Explained the official version IL that
he was TO Nv arrested and conveyed TO Tinis 10
stand his TRAITOR another murder Of which he was
accused; but Iexpect he had received intmatlon Of
design 10 coEert the saSeraicefe Of Russia in
Sfavetia into direct sovereignty, and To ineorpo-
rate it with our other possessions in the Caucasus
in short, an 0sde affair Q small scale. Prince
Gagaris, who has thus fallen a victim to the cen
tralizing TENDENCIES of his government, was one OF
the most distinguished officers in the service, and
commanded acolumn at the storming Of kars, where
he was so DESPERATELY wounded that his recovery was
stood that General khroulef whose name was 80
often mentned in the late Crimean campaign, will
be appointments successor.
The commercial crisis which prevails throughout
Europe has lad depressing influence upon our mo-
ney market though it, effects far from being
disastrous - in England and Germany, and espe-
ciay amorg onr neighboTs the Swedes. The large
quantities d specie bought up here by the Bank Of
England ami otherforcign institutions have caused
considerable rise in the value Of imperals, aud the
Minister Of finance has been urged 20 prohibit any
further expert but has declined hitherto to inter
fere. One II our most reputable mercantile firms,
Messrs. Shisnkin & Co., suspended their payments q
few days sice.
The Treaty between the American Union and
Nicaragua.
Translated rom Ie Journal DIES pebss. Paris Dec s. for
the NEw YoRK HsRAfp
We have republished from an American newspa-
per the principal clauses OF the treaty the govern
ment Of the United States recently concluded with
the republic OF Nicaragua The new version Of that