Marshall County Republican. (Plymouth, Ind.) 1856-1878, 1857-12-17

Jesse. evil! TO deprive them altogether Of the powe
70 issue p,per currencr, AMI c,nEne them 70 III,
functions ofnlnks c: deposit ami discount.
Foreign Relations.
Oar relations viii rsreisn governments are. upo,
the sS,lc, il. Il s,,tlsac:1rs cc,,,litica.
Great Britain.
The diploml.ic difficulties which existed hetweer
the government OF the Unitel States aud that o.
G:eit B-itiin, at the acournnltl. OF the las. Con
sress, h lye been happily terminate BY the appoint
meDt OF i.iSh mn ster ~ this country. VII, has
been cordially received
Whilst il is greatly 10 the interest Is am con
v:nced IL IS the sii:ere desire. oi the governments
and people of the two countries 20 be on terms OF
infinite fsen iship with each other, II has been our
misfortune aim Ds. alwivS to have hid irrita-
ting, it not dangerous, Outstanding question with
Great B.itiina
The Clayton aud Bulwer Treaty.
Since the origin of the Government, we have been
employed in negotiating the treaties with that pow
err and afterwards in discussing their true intent and
meaning. In this respect, the convention of pril
49, 1852 ,nly called the C!ayten and Bulwer
treaty, has been the mos; unfrtun tie of all; because
the two governments place directly opposite and
trldictory constructions upon it, first and most
import mt article. Whilst, in the United States,
believed tn 1t this tty would place both pow
ers upon exlct equality By the stipulation that
ncihe: vii! ever 'occapy forfy, or colonize, o.
assume, O.; exercise any dominion" any part
OF Central Amercl, il is contended by the British
Government TINT the true construction OF this IAN
guaSc h IS left them in the rghtu possession Of all
portions of Central Amcric. which in their
oc-u2any the date Of the treaty. in fact III II the
treaty Is ,i.tu,l recognition on the part of the
United States OF the right of Great Britain either
as owner protector, to the whole extensive coast
or Central Americ,, sweeping round from the Rio
Hondo 10 the port and hirbJr OF San Juan de Nici
raugui, together With the adjacent Biv Island, ex
ceps the comparatively smlll portion Of this be
tween the Sars.oon and C,pc Honduras.
According to their construction. the treaty docs
q, m5.e ~ IN simply prohibit them from extending
their possessions in Central Amcricl beyoui the
prescn, limits II isn,t too much 70 assert thu, il
in he Ulite Suites the tire hid been con siered
susceptible of such constr c.ion, j, never would
htve been negotiated under the authority of the
President, nor w3ad it hive received the approbi-
ton Of the Scnlte. Tlc universal conviction III
the United Suites was, thu, when our government;
consented to violate its traditional and time honored
policy, and 70 stipullte with foreign government
never 10 occupy Or to acquire territory III the Cen
tril American portion Of our own continent, the
consideration for this sacrifice thrt Great Bit
ain should IN this respect at least be placed in the
came position with Ourselves Wills, We have
righ, u doubt the sincerity Of the British govern
menc IN their construction OF the treaty, It IS ut the
sirne time ms deliberate conviction TINT this con
s:ruction is in opHos;.iGn bch - e letter and IT,
spirit.
Under tho late administration negotiations wore
instituted betwc cen The Two governments for the pur
pose, if possible of removing these difficulties;
AMI a treaty htyins this laulabie object in vie~
signel IT London on the 18th day OF October.
1856, and was submitted by the Pre,iien. TO the
Senate OF the follow NJ 10Th of December.
Whether tbs treaty, either III is originll Or
amen led form. would have accomplished the object
intended witho 1t giving birth to new ard cmbar
RAISING compile iticas between the two governments
Ray perhaps be well questioned. Certain it i,
however, it va, rem Tered much less Objectionable
By rhe different amen mcnts m Ide TO Il by the son
are. The treaty, as amended, was ratified BY ne
Oh the 18th Of VI irch, I,51 and transmitted TO
London tor ratification by the British GOV ernment
Tia, government. expressed its willingness IN
concur in ali the amendments made by the Senate
With The single exception o.: the clause relating t.
Ruat, I'D and the other islands in the Bay Of Honda
ras. The article il, the original treaty, submitted
T. the Senate after r.c;,ing III these islands and
their inhabitants '.kaying been b. conr, n-ion
bearing date the :, III day of August, 1885, between
Her Britannia VI iesty and the Republic Of Hon Ii
rAs, constituted and declared free territory under
the sovereignty OF the said republic Of Honduras
stipulated. that tne .An contracting parties dc here
by routu1y engage - recognize and respect in al
future time the independence and right of the said
free territory part OF the republic OF H1udurds.'
Upon an exam n riOn of this convention betNecn
Great Britain and Honduras OF the 21th August,
1885, il was foun! .hat while declaring the Bly Is
lands - be ", free territory under the sovereign
OF the republic Of Honduras" it deprived that re-
public of rights without which its sovereiSDty over
them could scarcely be said to exist i divided
them from the rem hinder of Honduras AMI gave 10
their inhab:t ,nts separate government oil their
own, with legislative, executive and judicial officers,
Il L.
men, OF Honduras of the taxing power in every
form. and exempted the people of the islaeds form
the performance of military dptv except tcc their
own exclusive defence. l. also prohibited thu. re-
pubic from erecting fertilization upon them FOX
their protecticn-thus leaving them open to inva
sion from any qulrtcrs aHl, finally, it provided
'tla; slavery shall not at any time here ter be
permitted TO exist thereia-''
Had Honduras ratified this convention. she would
have ratified the establishment of state s,Ibstln.i
ally independent within her limits, and state
a: all times subject to British influence and control
Moreover, had the United States ratified the treaty
with Great Britain i'll its original form, should
have been bound "to recognize and respect III all
future time these stpulatlOnS 10 the prejudice OF
Honduras. Being in direct opposition To the spirit
and meaning OF the Clayton and Bulwnr treaty as
understood in the United States, the Scnlte reject,
cd the entire clause, AMI substituted in its stead
simple recognition of the sovereign right OF Hon
durdS 10 tlcse lSianti- IN the lDuOSlll5 LtruiSc
"The two contracting parties do hereby mutually
engage to recognize and respect the the islands OF
Ruatin, Bouaco, Utiila, Birbretta, Helena, AMI
Morat, situate in the Bay OF Honduras, AMI oil the
coast OF the republic OF Honduras, under the
sovereignty AMI part Of the said republic of Hon
duras.'
Great Btitlin rejected this amendment, assigning
as the only reason, that the ratications OF the
yention OF the eth August le56, between her and
Honduras, had not been exchanged, owing To the
hesitation OF tat government" II ID this been
DONE it is stated that "Her Mlesty's government
would have lid little difficulty i'll agreeing " the
modification proposed by the Senate which would
then had, in effect, the same signltcIt0n is the
original wording" Whether this would have been
the effect, whether the circumstance OF the
exchange Of the rati6c,t ons OF the British convcn
ton it'll Honduras, priof in point of time TO the rat
ification OF our treaty with Great Britain, would,
"in effect" have had 1.-THE SINE signfciton as the
original wording, and thus have annulled the
amendment of the Sent my well be doubled
Il Is perhaps fortunate thlt the question has never
arisen.
The British government, Immediately after re-
iectng the treIty a. amended, proposed ID ener
into a new treaty with the United States, similar in
all respects to the treaty which they hid just refused
to ratfy if the Uaited States would consent TO add
90 the Senttes clear AMI unqualified recognition of
the sovereignty of Honduras over the Buy Islanls
the following conditional stipulation: whenever