davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Raftsman's journal. [volume] (Clearfield, Pa.) 1854-1948, 1857-06-10
THE BELT OF wAMpUM.

An interesting ceremonial took place on the
9th of March last before the Historical Society
of Pennsylvania. 1t was the presentation of
the Belt of Wamphm delivered by the Indians
to William Penn at the great treaty under the
elm tree in 1852. The Executive Committee
have made report thereon, from which we ga
ther that Granville ]. Penn, Esq, a great
grandson of William Perm, brought with him
from England, for the purpose of presentation
to the Society, the Belt referred to, and de-
sired its depositc in their archives. Mr.. Penn,
in his presentation speech, explained the char
acter of the wampum and its use by the In
dians. In doing this he quoted from work on
Missions by George Henry Loskiel, published
in German in 17SS, and translated into English
in 1874. After giving an account of the hie-
roglyphics of the Indians, the writer then de-
scri0es the wampum and its use:
ssWampum is Iroquois word, meaning a
muscle. A number of these muscles strung
together is called string of wampum, which,
when a fathom long, is termed fathom or
belt of wampum but the word string is COM
monty used, whether it be long or short. Be-
fore the Europeans came to North America,
the Indians used to make strings of wampum
chiefly of small pieces of wood, of equal size,
stained either black or white. Few were made
of muscle, which were esteemed very valua-
BILE and difficult to make for, not having pro-
per tools, they spert much time in finishing
them, and yet their work had a clumsy appear
ance. But the Europeans soon contrived to
make strings of wampum, both neat and elc-
giant, and in great abundance. These they
bartercd with the Indians for other goods, and
found this traffic very advantageous. The In
dians Immediately gave up the use of the old
wooden substitute for wampum, and procured
those made of muscles, which, though fallen
in price, were always accounted valuable.
ssThese muscles are chiefly found on the
coast of Virginia and Maryland, and are val
ued according to their color, which is brown,
violet, and white. The former are sometimes
of so dark shade that they pass for black,
and are double the price of white. Having
first sawed them into square pieces about a
quarter of an inch in length and an eighth in
thickness, they grind them round or oval upon
a common grindstone; then, a hole being bored
leng,hways through each large enough to ad-
nit a wire, whipcord, or thin thong, they are
strung like beads, and the string Of rampuna
is completed. Four or six strings joined in
one breadth, and fastened to each other with
fine thread, make belt Of ,ranipum, being a
bout three or four inches wide and three feet
long, containing perhaps four, eight, or twelve
fathom of wampum, in proportion to its re-
quired length and breadth. This is deter
mined by the importance of the subject which
these belts are intended either to explain or
confirm, or by the dignity of the persons to
whom they are to be delivered. Every thing
of moment transacted at solemn councils, Ell
ther between the Indians themselves or with
Raftsman's journal. [volume] (Clearfield, Pa.) 1854-1948, 1857-06-10

THERE is negro named Grey, now living in
Chicago, who holds a passport under the hand
of the Secretary of State, broad seal attached,
which declares that he is citizen of the
United States, and guarantees him protection.
Mr.. Grey also holds a certificate of commen-
dation, made in 1885, which is signed byJames
Buchanan, who therein states that s.Mr. Grey
is citizen of the United States"
Raftsman's journal. [volume] (Clearfield, Pa.) 1854-1948, 1857-06-10

The Coroner's Jury in the recent poisoning
case at Danvile, which has caused so much
excitement at that place, met at two O'Clock,
on June lst, in the Court House. The verdict
rendered by the jury was that the death of Da-
vid Twigg and Mrs. Clark was caused by poi
son, supposed to have been administered by
Mrs. Twiggs and w. j. Clark. In accordance
with the verdict, both prisoners were commit
ted for trial. Il.
Raftsman's journal. [volume] (Clearfield, Pa.) 1854-1948, 1857-06-10

PoTAroEs.-A writer in New York express
ses the opinion that people make mistake In
paying too much for potatoes. There is more
nourishment in one bushel of good white
beans, than in FIVE bushels of potatoes; and
what is better than bean soup, or more palata-
BILE than good old fashioned ssbean porridge 7''
BE says the cage of beans" should be revived
as we'll for economy as for health.
Raftsman's journal. [volume] (Clearfield, Pa.) 1854-1948, 1857-06-10

A Terrible Riot occurred ai the municipal
election in Washington city, on the 1st June,
in which several persons were killed and a
number wounded. 1t appears from the official
statements published that gang of Baltimore
bulies, known as sPlug Ugies,' proceeded to
Washington on that day, and attempted to take
forciblc possession of the polls. Revolyers,
bilies, stones, brickbats, &c, were freely used
and six persons killed and sixteen wounded.
The riot is described as having been fright
full affair, and the President ordered ont de-
tachment of U. S. marines to restore order.
Raftsman's journal. [volume] (Clearfield, Pa.) 1854-1948, 1857-06-10
BY S. B. ROW.
FROM SMALL BEGINNINGS.
BY CHARLES MAcKA,

By CHARLES MAcKAY.
A traveller, through dusty road,
Strcwed acorns on the lea,
And one took root and spronted up
And grew into tree;
Love sought its shade at evening time,
To breathe its early vows;
And age was pleased. in heat of noon,
To bask beneath its boughs,
The dormouse loved its dangling twigs;
The birds sweet music bore;
1t stood glory in its place
A blessing eyermore
A little spring had lost its way
Amid the grass and fern;
4 passing stranger scooped we'll,
Where weary men might turn;
He walled it in and hung with caro-
A ladle at its brink
Ho thought not of the decd he did,
But judged that toll might drink.
He passed again-and 10 the well,
BY summers never dried,
Had cooled ten thousand parching tongues,
And saved life besidei
; A dreamer dropped random thought
Twas old and yet twas new
simple fancy of the brain,
But strong in being true
1t shone upon n genial mind,
And 10 its light became
A lamp of life. n beacon ray,
monitory flame
The thought was small--its issue great!
A watch on the hill,
1t sheds its radiance far adown,
And cheers tho valley still
nameless man amid the crowd
That thronged the daily mart,
Let fall word of Hope and Love
Unsullied, from the heart
whisper on the tumult thrown
4. transitory breath
1t raised brother from the dust,
1t saved a soul from death.
o germ. fount o word Of love-
u thought at random cast
Ye were but little at the first,
But mighty at the last
Raftsman's journal. [volume] (Clearfield, Pa.) 1854-1948, 1857-06-10

The "'Squatter Sovereign" published at At
Gibson, Kansas Territory, and heretofore an
uncompromising pro-slavery journal, has been
sold to Messrs. McBratncy and Pomeroy, ard
is now a Free State paper. The South gave it
such meagre support that the former editor
was forced to sell to the Free State men or
sink the whole concern.
Raftsman's journal. [volume] (Clearfield, Pa.) 1854-1948, 1857-06-10

The last of the childien of George III has
departed this life. Her Royal Highncss Mary,
Duchess OF Gloucester, expired Thursday,
April 30, at the age of 81. She was born on
the 25th of April, 1776, and, consequently,
had long passed the ordinary limit of human
life.
Raftsman's journal. [volume] (Clearfield, Pa.) 1854-1948, 1857-06-10

There are in the United States 1,217 distil-
lerics, in which 2,2f0 persons are employed ;
a capital of SS,5O7 GA is invested. They con-
sumo yearly Ia, ,367 ,761 bushels of corn, 8,
7s7, ,170 bushels of barley, 2,143,92 bushels of
rye, 50,240 hogsheads of molasses. They man
ufacture 40 46l ,920 gallons of ale, Al ,3Gi 900
gallons of whiskey and high wines, G,500,o0O
gallons of rum, being about four gallons of Ii
quor for every man, woman and child in the
country.
Raftsman's journal. [volume] (Clearfield, Pa.) 1854-1948, 1857-06-10

The wife and daughter of Dr.Chaffec, repre-
sentative from the Springfield districts in whom
the ownership Of Dred Scott's family rested,
have, since the death of the administrator OF
the estate, given them their liberty, and prac-
tically nullfied the Taney dccision.-Bos
Trdreiier.
Raftsman's journal. [volume] (Clearfield, Pa.) 1854-1948, 1857-06-10

the Europeans, is ratified and made valid by
strings and belts of wampun.
Formerly they used TO give sanction to
their treaties by delivering wing of some
large bird /; and this custom still prevails among
the more western nations, in transacting busi-
ness with the Delawares. But the Delawares
themselves, the Iroquois, and the nations IN
league with them, are now sufficiently provided
with handsome and well-wrought strings and
belts of wampum. Upon the delivery of the
string, a long speech may be made and much
said upon the subject under consideration, but
uhen a bell is giren few pords are spoken; but
they must be words of great importance, fire.
quently requiring an explanation. Whenever
the speaker had pronounced some important
sentence, he delivers string of wampum, add
ing, Il give this string of wampum as confir-
nation of what have spoken = but the chief
subject of his discourse he confirms with
belt. The answers given to 4 speech thus de-
livered must also be confirmed by strings and
belts of wampum, of the same size and num-
Der as those received. Neither the color nor
the other qualities of wampum are matters of
indifference, but have an immediate reference
10 tnOSc l0luRS NIiCu lucN W Sou'
firm. The brown or deep violet, called black
by the Indians, always means something of Sc
we're or doubtful import; but the white is the
color of peace. Thus, if string or belt of
wampum is intended to confirm a warning a.
gainst evil or an earnest reproof, it is deliver
cd in black. When a nation is called upon to
60 to war, or war is declared against it, the
ha1f To- nj wifi raI called hy
them the color of blood, having in the middle
the figure of hatchet in white wampum.
ssThe Indian women are very dexterous in
weaving the strings of wampum into belts, and
marking them with different figures, perfectly
agreeing with the different subjects contained
in the speech. These figures are marked with
white wampum upon black, and with black up
onwhite belts. For example, in bell Of peace,
they very dexterously represent, in black wam-
pun, two hands joined. The belt of peace is
white, fathom long and a hands breadth.
| They refer to them public records, careful
| ly preserving them in chest made for that
| purpose. At certain seasons they meet to
study their meaning, and to renew the ideas
Of which they were an emblem or confrma-
ton. On such occasions they sit down around
the chest, take out one string or belt after the
other, handing it about to every person pres
ent, and that they may all comprehend its
meaning, repeat the words pronounced on its
delivery in their whole convention. BY these
| means they are enabled to remember the pro-
misses reciprocally made by the different par
| ties and it is their custom to admit even the
young boys who are related to the chiefs, to
their assemblies they become early acquant-
ed with all the affairs of the State; thus the
contents of their documents transmitted
to posterity, and cannot be easily forgotten
Raftsman's journal. [volume] (Clearfield, Pa.) 1854-1948, 1857-06-10

1t is stated in the London papers that at a
grand ball recently given by the Minister of
Foreign Affairs in Hanover, q game of chess
was played on marked floor, by human chess
men. dressed most gorgeously according to
their stations. *
Raftsman's journal. [volume] (Clearfield, Pa.) 1854-1948, 1857-06-10

Virginia is said to be overrun by Gipseys.-
They are Of European origin. and practice all
the tricks and pilferings for which the class
have ever been distinguished. They are at
traeted to Virginia just they are found in
worn out countries of the old world.
Raftsman's journal. [volume] (Clearfield, Pa.) 1854-1948, 1857-06-10

WARNING TO ToBAcco CoNsuxERs.-A let
ter from Kentucky says, that tobacconists arc
using prussic acid to give an almond flavor to
the leaf, and in consequences OF this poison, a
number of smokers have lost the use of their
lower limbs.
New-York daily tribune. [volume] (New-York [N.Y.]) 1842-1866, 1857-06-22

Such wretches a. low glos, upon us vii never give
up without awful struggle the yIture nevereave
the carcass without a club. We earnestly recon-
mend a Vigilance Committee j, ough; long since 70
have been In full Action
New-York daily tribune. [volume] (New-York [N.Y.]) 1842-1866, 1857-06-22

eubseriser. 20 The TEIsuSE wishing their Posomse ID
dress changed should in al give tAsr present. Psst
ana STATE and testify which edition whether Daily ssai
Weekly Weekly and club subscribers should give tsfs
,sbssriptleI. This would frequently ptsvstt 3slsy.
New-York daily tribune. [volume] (New-York [N.Y.]) 1842-1866, 1857-06-22
CUPREbE COURT. - ALVAH BUCKING
~ Ham and RENIAAIN IL RINKINGuAM againsi TIL


- ELIZA h. sOMMERS, wife of Charles g. Sonmers,
against ROBERT 7. HICKS and Cshane his wife William
Rady and Margaret his wife COista Crosby, jules BIeng
Jules Bretng IT, composing the firm of Bretn fTes I'd
Loels Heuchatel Swtzerland Summons for relief com
not ser-YOu hereby summoned and required ~
answer the complaint in this sction, which was hes
Of the CLERK Of the Comfy Of Kings on the 18th
day Of May A. D. 1887 at the City Hall in the City of Brook
lyn and 70 copy answer 80 se said .ompsn On
the subs,rbers their Office No 81 Wall st. Jsuncey Court
City Of EerYok within twenty days amer the service
you exclusive Of the day Of such ,ervce
and you fail to the ssd oorpsnt within the timo
the plaintiff in this action viii apply 10 tho Court ior
the relief demanded in the sompAntD.ted May 10, 1907
SOMMERS JOHNSON, Plaintiffs Attorneys
M25 1awowMf
New-York daily tribune. [volume] (New-York [N.Y.]) 1842-1866, 1857-06-22
my25 lavGwM
CUPREMR COURT-ADDIsON G. RECE

CUPREME COURT.-ADDISON G. RICE
- against HORACE HOWE-SuBm0ns for Money-Ts
d.eBdanSr: You hereby summoned to ahs"'S the com
plant action copy OF your sssSeT or ns al
fbeOtvle CsitaraugUs County New-fors wthin twenty
dsy, s. h-reo exclusive Of Va. day
ice and II Won fail the said complaint ss aforesaid
tbe plaintiff Judgment for the Of hundred and
sixty dollars with interest from the day Of Apr
thousand sh hundred and ftysevcn beside the
And you will notice that the complaint this action
fed IN the Office Of the Clerk If Csttaausus County the
fifth day Of June. 1851.
jes iSv6wM RICE JONES, Plaintiff Attorneys.
CUPREME COURT. -ALyAH BUCKISG-
~ HAM and BENJAMIN II. BUCKINGHAM sssnst TIE
CINCINNATI AND CHICAGO RAILROAD COMPANY
Summons for money demand contract (COm not SER
To the DEFENDANT above named You are hereby su'p
InODed and required 10 the complaint IN TN. action
which will I've filed in the office Of the Clerk Of the City aud
County Of NewYoIk the Hall in the said city, and
copy Of your the said complaint NE sub
seribeTs Their Office number rs Wal street In said ,ity,
within twenty days after the service Of this YOU
exclusive of the day of such serviee aud fail 70
the said complaint within the time aforesaid the PLAINTIFF VII
judgment aganst you eight thousand three
hundred eghyiour dollars and seventy nine cent? with
interest of March thousand es hun
dred and besides this Dated
May q, 1851 PIERRBPOkI STANLEY,
Plaintiffs Attorneys.
n B-The complaint filed in the office of the Cork Of
the City and County Of NewYok the Ewenyhnh day OF
May 1851. Jei la"e"M
New-York daily tribune. [volume] (New-York [N.Y.]) 1842-1866, 1857-06-22
GALE hv 0RnER of the SURROGATE. -Snr.

- n
- rs.at.,s Court County of NevY In the MATTER Of
6e LPPIJCITION 20 HORTOA0R, LEASE SELL the
REAL ESTATE o. EDMUND A ooHCKLIN deceased for
No poymsn Of his sBy vsFt1e and pursuance Of
order mad. above the day Of
NAV 1857 tbssUhscTber ExeCetor Of the lost VIII and Tests
utHt Of EDMUND A. CONCKLlS late q the City Il New
york dsnterestcd Freehoder appointed
Surrogate Of the County Of NewfoTt, pur.usnt 20
statute 10 make se sse hereinafter mentioned, will sell At
trbe auction AZ The Merchants Exchange, IN the City Of
kewYok. CD THURSDAY, the SIN day Of July ls57D
twelve O'clock that day the folio wing decrbed
Land and Premises bcou g the q said Edmund
C0nekll deceased Ah that ot piece parcel
ground with the bull digs thereon known upon mop entitled
Map Of the Beevuo otsln thu " shteenth Gate s;h Ward
ksEDgns the Corp TaSn ofhe City Of New York
March 1875 snTveyed by Thonas X Lueam Cts Surveyor
whh said sPis died the Office Of the r. steI Of ts City
and County % New York by number Sntteen 10 The said
b. No ~ A. laid do~n sd s bos9dod follow. -
Wit NOrths aliy b. hot by Twenty hh street southeast
tery side BY lot number % said map south westerly
the by lot number ~ aid aud nOrhw~stsfiy
The other side by lot nsnber (sl eighteen s map
The sd lot number 49, laid down said map, being
width In twenty feet aud IN depth
side gb aud nine inches Being the
which conveyed by TIE MAYOR Aldermen aud Com
nonsy Of the City Of NeNoTk by deed beanug date the
q May lG45 aud recorded IN egstr Office New
York Liner 46l. page 3S -
The improvements upon said lot consist Of sgbtcr House
end ont buildings -Dated, New York May % 1857.
sELAH ID. SEAMAN, disnterestcd FTeeholdeT ino
Executor Of KdiHuIe A. Conckiin deceased
New-York daily tribune. [volume] (New-York [N.Y.]) 1842-1866, 1857-06-22
Assu:llork DAILY Gribnate
NEW PUBLICATIONS.
THE MORSE FOLK.

VISIT TO THE HOMES OF NORWAY AND sWE-
DEN BY CHARLES LoRnG BRACE. limo, PIP. SIS
Oroville daily Butte record., 1857-12-02
Sheriff H7s Sale.

EpY VIRTUE Of A DECRETAL ORDER IS
a sued out "f Tho District Court Fifteenth Judi
eai District, in aud for Butte County md state of
california, to me directed aud delivered. wherein VI.
w. HARMON and G, II. HEDGES are the plaintiff.
and ROBERT +. WILSON. q. l.. SWEET. j X
FuRREck, w II. McCARGER and A McCAR-
GER are the defendants commanding me 10 sell uI
described. to satisfy the following demands To wit
The sum of four hand red and eighty fit, one
hnudredhs dollars tS4ST SOY with interest from the
second day of May lShl. he rate OF five per cent
per month. Aso. the sum of tive hundred dollars
tSss o on. with interest from The fifteenth day of
june 1851 AT the rate Of six 0) per cent per month
Also, costs OF siI axed in the ol sixteen ninety
ane-hnndreulhs dollars $3.50. together With all
the costs accruing upon said ,rder Therefore. in
Pursuance with q e requirements Of said order. I
will, on the TWENTIETH DAY or DECEMBER
A. d. 1857, at The hour of one O'Clock. p VI. of said
day. sell at public sale, 10 the highest bdderior cash.
ail of The mortguged property therein described TO
gii Situated On the Bar In front of the Town Of
Urovilie in saiI County of Butte, aud described
follows Commencing at II stake marked :. w. w
5lI. known as Lyle Il Co 5 stake, and rin ming
west two hundred and twenty five feet thence north
three hundred and seventy feet. thence east two
hundred and twenty-five feet, thence 20 ihe place of
beginning, and known the = 0roviile Steam Min
lug CompauN,' together with the apperenances
thereunto b, olging, and also the steam engine and
boier aud eything appertaining thereto, formerly
located on said premises. but now removed to The
residence ~ Messrs. Hedges llannon, now in said
Town of OrOvie.
The above sale to take place at the OOtIrt House
door in the Town of Oroville, County aud State
aiOr, said.
". d PLUM Sheriff Butte County.
Dated oroviile, November sSth, 1857. p2s-td
Oroville daily Butte record., 1857-12-02
CoNsTABLE's SALE.

ETY VIRUUE OF AN EXECUTION ISSUED
ED out Of Justice Bsrry's court OF ophir Town.
snip Counly of Butie to me directed, in vor of NJ.
BROOKS and against LYMAN BRISTOL, have
seized aud shall expose tor sale Ut public auction,
at IL O'Clock A. NJ. Oh Monday the rN ENTY FIRST
day OF DECEMBER, A. ID. 1887, atthe office of J. >.
I-ny the following described property, To wit -
raat piece parcel OF land situated IN the county of
Buite, ophir Township, commencing NJ point on
the south side OF Montgomery street, in the Town of
Uroyii.e nj the poinl where the Feather River II
uphtr Water Company's water ditch crosses said
SAID Montgomery street hundred tlOn) ieet I;
thence at right angles with said street in southerly
direction one hundred and thiry-nine tl3s) feet !;
thence ut right angles hundred tO0) feet to said
ditch thence along the line OF said ditch one hun
ared and THIRTY mine tl39) feet TO the place OF begin
hing. Said property is opposite the old store OF
Harvey 4 Co.
X L. PITTO.N, Constable.
Dated oroylie, Both, 1851 noS0
Oroville daily Butte record., 1857-12-02
OrpuilIe Nailq iSutte Rnpra
WEDNESDAY MORNING. DEC 2p, 1857

JoHS LOOKING 0uT.-Three Chinamen
were in the County Recorders office yesrer-
day. for The purpose of getting mining
cialn spread ppon the record They be
longed-to the All You Company. and All
You wa with them. Their claim is one in
the dry diggngs, is 1900 feet long by 400
hroad. and s >iunted ON Indian Ravine, at
Grahnms Dggings in this county. All You
sui his campaniuns said, Mclean man WAS
n good--he takee Chinaman claim China
man, be put him in Mclean man book, All
Rec0rdah. Mclean man no take him -
Gal Express.
Oroville daily Butte record., 1857-12-02
AsorHKR PARDON We understand that

ANOTHER PARDON We understand that
young man named Prescott, who was
partner Of right in his tbcvng operations,
(h"th members Of the chain gang,) has serv-
eel out the term for which he was sentenced,
ani is now being retained to work ont fine
of ! 365 imposed Ivy the Recorder Ii is ru-
mored that the Governor intends extending
his clemency in regard to the fine, and dis :
charging the prisoner, on condition that his
father sends him to sea lfthere IL n chance
tor his reform, there can be no objection to
the proceeding - Sac Gni0a
Oroville daily Butte record., 1857-12-02
Notice Of Application for Pardon.

CITATION CALF iFoRNIA--CoCNTY OF BUTTE
- The Hos. dos. Il. N. LEwis, presiding Judge OF
The Court of sessions for the county OF Butte, ami
DANES 9. Howard iale District Attorney for said
eonnti, viii lake notice: That the defendant r.
Nhiteoread, will make application TO the Governor
81 he State OF CaHomia for the pardon OF sand de-
iendant, who WIS convicted at the September term
A. D. the Conri of Sessions uf said county
% the crime of s'bnFgary' Ia said couply aud who
Was sentences BY said Court OF Sessions ON The 10th
day q september, ID. 1857, to the state Prison Of
said state fora period oftvo years
4 WIilTEBREAD,
ByS. w Nv C0UGHEY, Defendants Attorney
Service o. the within nutice Is this day ae4nowl-
edged. JOS. u. n. LEWIS, Presiding Judge
OF Court Of sessions,
JAMES g. HOWARD, Acting District Attorney
0royiiie. November 26th 1857. n26-4w
Oroville daily Butte record., 1857-12-02
UNION S ALOON [!
CAPPELMAN s. HONS. .PrOprietors.

u y.
THNHE ABOVE SALOON, SITUATED i'm the base
n ment of the Empire Hotel and So long one of
the most popular resorts Orovile, is still in full
blast and maintaining its wei canned reputation of
the coolest and most delightful resort ia town. The
liberal patronage which has been bestowed on IL
since coming into the possessin Of the present pro-
prietors il sufficient evidence al the qualify of liquors
dispensed at the bar and of the attention Of its pro-
prietors toward their patrons. A continuance OF the
same liberal patronage is respectfully solicited.
iva CAPPELMAN X HONS.
Oroville daily Butte record., 1857-12-02

CpNNUnIAL. 1.-The STATE Journai of yes
terday says:
We are informed that Calvin J McDon-
aid, associate editor of toe Sacramento .fge,
WAS yesterday married to Estelle Potter,
whose name NJ an actress is familiar to the
pe. pie Of this State F"