New-York daily tribune., 1857-04-28

From this table, it will be seen that during the
fsrmer period the increase was confined TO the cot
ton, wooden and worsted manufacture, while in tie
latter period it also embraces the fax and silk fac
tories. The proportions IN which the various
Branches share in the aggregate increase differ also
in the two periods. During 1850, the principal
increase took place in the worsted and woolen
trade the latter of which appears almost stationary
from le5056, and the former falling back to four
times lesser speed of expansion. On the other
hand cotton and silk top the movement during the
latter period the silk manufacture occupying the
first rank in the proportional increase, and the cot
ton manufacture when the absolute increase is con-
sidered.
The localities of this expansion have varied con-
sderably, there taking place migration, as it
were, from one part of the country to she other.
Hand in hand with the general increase, there goes
local decrease, amounting in many counties and
boroughs to complete extinction of manufactures
before existing. The general law ruling these
changes of decay as well as of growth is the same
law which pervades modern industry in all its d.
rections-the law of concentration Thus Lanca-
ahire, and the parts of Yorkshire adjoining 1.-THE
principal seat of the cotton manufacture-have
drawn the trade from other parts of the kingdom.
The number of cotton factories in Lancashire and
Yorkshire having increased from 1855 by add
ing S1l to the previous number, they have de-
creased by so in the counties of Lanark (Gasgow),
Renfrew Paisley, and Antrim. &c. too, the woolen
trade is becoming concentrated in Yorkshire;
while 200 wooden manufactures have been added
there We find corresponding decrease OF e@ in
Cornwall Devon, Gloucester, Monmouth, Somer-
set, Wits, Wales and Ciackmannan. The wOrsted
manufacture is almost exclusively confined to York.
shire, in which county there has been an increase
of l07 factories. The 6ax-trade is now more Ng-
orous in ireland than in any other part OF the
United Kingdom; but the increase " 81 haX-
factories in Antrim, Armagh, Down and Tyrone, Is
accompanied by decrease in Yorkshire OF 81, IN
DeyOnshire, Dorsetshre and 0loucestershre OF 3,
and In Fifeshire of 18. To the increase OF 76 silk
factories in Cheshire, Derbyshirc, Nottingham and
Gloucestershire there corresponds decrease by
l3 in SOmersetshire. In some instances, the decay
in one manufacturing branch is compensated by the
growth of another SO that the industrial mlgra-
tons would appear to be only more defuite work
ing out of the principle Of the division of employ
ments on large scale. Yet, on the whole, this is
not the case-the progress of the system rather
tending to establish division between industrial
and agricultural provinces In England, for In
stance, the southern counties Of Wits, Dorset,
Somerset, Gloucester, are being rapidly divested
Of their manufactures while the northern counties
Of Lancashire, Yorkshire, Warwick, Nottingham,
are strengthening their industrial monopoly. Oh
the aggregate increase Of factories in the United
Kingdom from 1888 to 1856, reaching the number
of 900, Lancashire alone claims 36O Yorkshire 3A,
Warwick Al and Nottingham 46-the increase in
the two olast-named counties having been caused By
the introduction Of improved machinery in two
special trades-the adaptation of power to the
stocking frame at Nottingham and tho weaving Of
ribbons by power at Coventry.
From the increase in the number Of factories
must be distinguished the increase in the amount
Of horsepower employed the latter not only de-
pending on the addition Of new mills but also on
the erection Of more powerful engines in the old
snes, the substitution Of the steam-engine for
wster-powe the addition OF stean-pOwer to the
WaterWheel, and other similar contrivances. The
following table contains comparison Of the
nominal power Of the factories in 1888, 1850 and
1856:
soNsrpowrR rMrLoYrp IN rsr rAereRTTs IN THE rSIrhu
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