New-York daily tribune. [volume] (New-York [N.Y.]) 1842-1866, 1857-09-01

all times even down 10 the present, have descended
into the pical regonsas punderers and from tlue
to time in the character of conquerors and founders
Of empires. We have no written records or his
tOrica narrative Of that event. but it is proved BY
great variety Of circumstances, and beyond all ques-
tien Il at the three higher castles Of the Hindoos-
the priests TIE warriors and the cultlvators-be-
loDged to race which intruded itself into INDIA
from the north, bringing with it new language,
Few religion and new social institutions; and the
evident relationship Of the Sanscrit to the Latin,
the Greek, the German and the Sclayonic tongues,
proves these intruders and conquerors to have
sprung from the same root with the existing DON'T
nant races of Europe. While these foreign intru-
deIs made themselves, as princes, soldiers, prests
and laDdLoliers, the masters of the country, the
original populations, pressed more and more toward
the southern extremity of the peninsula, were in
cluded in the infeio caste of Sudras, handlcrats-
men and artisans, wholly excluded from political or
intellectual influence and restricted exclusively to
industrious labor as the servants OF the higher
clusses.
After tie country had been thus ruled nobody
knows for how many ages. but not without violent
internal CONNEXIONS aud bloody religious quarrels,
which ended in the expulsion Of the Badhsts-
who seem to have been sort of Brahmlncial ration
alists from India, and the complete triumph Of
tie orthodox creed, not, however, without incor
pcratiDg into itself, as generally happens in such
cases, many Of the ideas and superstitions Of the
rival faith; somewhat more than thousand years
sgo IIdia became exposed to a new invasion by
armies and nations from the North, who had, by
this time, adopted the Mohanmedan faith. These
inyasions and conquests, pushed through series of
centuries, extended gradually over Hindostan, till,
at the time when India became known to Europe
ans, the Mohanmedsn rule had established itself in
nearly al parts of the peninsula, though the subec-
ton of the mere mountainous and barren districts
was always very imperfect.
These Mohammedan Invaders and cOnquerOrs it
is to be observed, did not, any more than their
Brahminica predecessors, affect at all to humor the
religious ideas or to adopt the social system, of the
conquered people. The MOhammedan conquerors
on the other hard steadily disTegarded every preju.
dice Of the Hindoos which conhicted with their
wi,hes or their interests. They did not hesitate to
resort to violence and persecution for the propaga
ton Of the Mohamp edan faith-in ts simplicity the
most perfec. counterpart that can be conceived to
the complicated and elaborate system of the Brah-
mins-and, though considerable proportion Of the
existing Mchammsdan population of India are
doubtless the descendants of the invaders it is GER
tain, nevertheless that considerable numbers OF the
native population were led or forced to embrace the
faith of their rulers
In process Of time, and before the English
stepped in as the rulers of India, the Mohammedan
Empire had fallen to pieces, as indeed it often had
done before by internal discussions, which had split
it up into number of rival States anxious to
purchase the aid and Intervention Of Europeans
even at very dear price to themselves. Not
only that, but a considerable part of the country
had reverted again to the rule of princes OF the
older race. 1t is to be observed however. that in
this revolt against the Mohammedans the old railing
HiDdoe castes the Brahminp and the Kshatriyas had
no share. 1t is even alleged that the Kshatrlyas
or Warrior caste has become extinct though the
Raipoots and the inhabitants of some other wild
and desOlate regions sci up claim to belong to it
The great internal revolution in Central India
against Mohsmmedan rule was effected BY the Nah
rattas, who and their princes belong to the H.
ferior caste Of Sudras not reckOned by the Hin1oo
creed among the regenerated and by the ancient
HiDdoo law liable to be put to death, should they
have the presumption to attempt to read the
Vedas. similar revelation was accomplished
in the Pupjaub by the Seks, new sect by which
Mohammedan and HindoO ideas were combined,
but in which the Mohammedm element predomi-
mated, since the HindOo institution of castes was
wholly rejected.
The English first entered India exclusively as
merchants They had factories in which to store
their goods, and in the disturbed state Of the
country they obtained liberty to fortify these
factories ard to maintain soldiers to guard them.
As security for money advanced to native princes,
they received the cOllectorshp Of the taxes, some
what equivalent to the landlOrdship OF certain
neighbcrpg districts. From thus acting as auxil-
iares and stewards to their Mohammedsn patrons,
they gradually, as happens so often in private life,
all the world over, became Themselves the
masters. Such was the commencement Of the
English territorial oggrandizement which, once
commenced, went on at rapid pace. The chief
obstacle which the English encountered was not
from the natives, but from the French, who had
begun to play the same game; aud it was only
after desperate struggle of twenty years that the
French were obliged to succumb, and to leave
TIE conquest of India to the English This event
took place at the same time with the expulsion
of the French from the American continent, and
while, by the American Revolution, Britain was
losing her empire in the West at the same time,
by tie progress Of the Company's arms in India,
she was gaining new empire in the East From