davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Worcester daily spy. [volume] (Worcester [Mass.]) 1850-1888, 1857-12-12
y A N @ Y GO Q d S
n NJ. KNIGHT A. t,O

IMPORTERS AND WHOLESALE DEALERS IN
ENGLIsH, FRENCH, & GERMAN FANCY GOODS
Nos. 25 and IS Yesey street. (UB Stairs,) betlseen
srod,oGg and Church street, EeW York.
o0MBs.-Budao, Rubber and Horn Back Combs, in
great variety; Twist, Dressing and Ivory Combs. But
T0NR WhaleAone, Gilt Lasting, Mohair, Twist, Bone
Metal, silk, Agate, &c. BRUSHEs.-Hair Tooth, Nail
&c. Linen Thread Spool Cotton, Needles, Pins Hooks
end Eyes Hair Pins, Elastcs, Whalebene, Linen and
Cotton Tapes Linen and Cotton Bobhng Scissors Thin
ees, and great variety Of Fancy Goods and Fans &c.
sll chsap for cash. div f28
Worcester daily spy. [volume] (Worcester [Mass.]) 1850-1888, 1857-12-12
MISCELLANEOUS.

At LESS COST THAN ONE THIRD
IN OF A CENT PER HOUR, more light is produced
than from eight Fluid Tubes, by burning Knapps Patent
Resin Oil Lamps it is cheaper than BuFOiuz
Fluid Hs cents per gallon. Call and see
the Lamp, at SUMNER PRATTS store Worcester.
SMITH & CRosSWAg, Canton, Mass, PropTieiors for
Worcester, Hsmpden, and franklin counties in Massa-
chusetts and the whole of the State If Rhode Issnd
Town flights for sale. sepS diff
Worcester daily spy. [volume] (Worcester [Mass.]) 1850-1888, 1857-12-12
INDIAN MEDICAL INSTITUTE,
Is RrnnnAnld ST Rnstnn

Dr. R. GREEN, superint endent is a Scientific Physi
clan, and has Travelled much, and spent much time
among the Indians, and therefore knows by actual expe
years. has induced others to style themselves Indian
DOctoFs saying they have recipes which come from the
Indians &c. but the sick should not be thus cheated,
for the Indian system Of medicine and its peogliares
can only be learned by actual experience with the Indians
themselves and them it requires great skill and sci
ence to adapt them to the wants OF civilized society
The New England Indian Medical Society formed
to protect Invaids from poston the practice of the
Indian system and to supply them with The genuine In
dian remedies.
We will, in this connection, mention foW of the In
dian Remedies preprepared by Dr. r. Green at this
lQblishment
Worcester daily spy. [volume] (Worcester [Mass.]) 1850-1888, 1857-12-12
NOTICE TO THE AFFbICTE
ID r. b. F. IA : EPH,
- AND
DR. L. KIM BALL,


have removed their offices to
PiPer's BlOck, Room no. 4, mp Stairs,
Where they preparen to attend 70 all disease that
human flesh heir to- Their system of practice is strict
ly Botanic. Ne mercurals mineral posons or deadly
narcotics used by them
All diseases however private successfully treated on
Botanic principles. Particular attention paid tn all Fe-
male COMPLAINTS. Their famous Female Periodical Pills
and French Periodical Drops suppressons rreg lar
tiles, &C. to be had Of them usual n Ladies' should
not take them durag pregnancy as they viii produce
abortion, Sent securely any part Of the country by
express. Remember, Office Piper's Block Room No 4,
up stairs where the other will be present to attend
10 patients. d3m MI
Worcester daily spy. [volume] (Worcester [Mass.]) 1850-1888, 1857-12-12

The CFocIery Department
Embraces good assortment OF White Iron Stone and
China Ware; also, Blue. Mulberry and all the common
kinds Dining and Tea setts together with Gold Band
China Tea Sets Vases. Glass Ware add Table Cutlery
Plated and Britannia Ware Tea Trays OastoB and Lamps
Of all descriptions, and In great variety always on hand
and at pces that cannot fail 70 suit the economical
Worcester daily spy. [volume] (Worcester [Mass.]) 1850-1888, 1857-12-12

Indian Cancer Plaster and Indian Cancer Wash snc
various other Indian Remedies for the cure OF Diseases
1t may be well to add that the business at this estsb
shment is conducted upon the most liberal terms ia
the practice with some require large sum in advance
for the promise Of cure" &c This course is severe
y condemned by the Society At this institution the
patients are required to pay only the price of the e
cines needed in their case except at the first prescription
giving the necessary directions.
Ladies Especially
Should know that the genuine Indian Remedies do not
like the old method, dehate the system but 1enovats
and restore healthy tone to their already debitated
constitutions.
The Society's newspaper entitled Sc Indian Arcana,
filed with the literary and medical knowledge Of he In
dams, and giving the description and uses Of the medi
cines named above and also reference 10 cases cured
may be had at the Office, will be by mail free OF
charge, or they may be obtained Of CHARLES CLARKE
Agent, for the sale Of the Medicines, 10 Worcester
Address DIR. r. GREEN, 90 Broomied ST. Boston,
Consultations personally, by letter. free Of charge
mch6 dhwlv
Worcester daily spy. [volume] (Worcester [Mass.]) 1850-1888, 1857-12-12
RAILROADS..
WORCESTER & NASHUA
y kAILhUAD D.
CTTNFHy ADD zNEEME NM

tl1t5Sa--14E RAILROAD.
SUMMER ATTACHMENT.
On and after July ls 1857, Passenger Trains will run
Gs follows:
Leave Nashua at 10 and ~ 90 M, and 90 p
AT Nashua all trains with the trains Of Con-
cord Railroad where pssen gers take the 10 aud from
the Northern the PAssumpse. the Boston, Concord and
Montreal, and Vermont Central Railroad.
Al GrotOn JuutIon, trains connect directly with the
trains # the Stony Brook Railroads and also with trains
Of the Ftchburg Railroad with the exception Of the rsI
train from Boston; and at Fchhurg with trains of the
Vermont and Massachusetts and Cheshire Railroads
For further particulars and connections with other
land States" g. " BENTLEY, Sup't.
Worcester, July !, 1857 dtf iy27
r+ssegs4srs NOHNFI CH & WORCESTER
ssa-ASas}N RAILROAD. WINTER ARRANGE
MENT, November 25th. 1857
Trains going North, Leave Norwich at 800 con-
Meeting at Worcester Junction with trains of Western
and Providence Worcester roads, at Worcester with
trains for Boston Nashua, Lowell Fitcaburg Lawrence,
Manchester, Concord, &c.
At 345 p. m, reaches PainAsld in season for tain
leaving that station for Providence at AL m. Also
with trains arriving from Providence 40 p
m Reaches Worcester in season Tor express train to
Boston.
Way Freight train with Passenger attached leaves
Norwich Mondays Wednesdays, and Fridays, at Sl5 a.
m, connecting at Paindeld with train from Hartford and
for Providence at 945 a. m.
Leave Worcester on Tuesdays, Thursday and Satur.
days, at 7. Is a.. 10.
Trains going South leave Worcester at 1915 a. m
Worcester with trains from Boston, Nashua Con-
with trains from Providence, and Western road.
At 430 p. m, at Worcester with trains from
Boston, Nashua, Lowell, FitGhbuTg, Concord, &c Wor
oester junction with express train Boston, trains
from Providence Western road; Painfeld trains
from Hartford and Providence arrive in FOR this
train 10 Passengers from way stations Tor New York,
by steamer from Anyns Point, will take this train.
Steamboat Train, for Norwich, New London, and New
York, via Alyn's Point leaves Boston at $50 p. m,
Worcester at 7.00 p.
ms dtf P. St. NJ. ANDREWS, supt
Ey.szzzzSza PROVIDENCE & WOR-
gissszsSesft@ CEsTEk RAILRoAD.-Fan and Winter
Arrangement, 1851
On and after MONDAY, Nov. o 1857, Passenger Trains
will leave as follows:
Providence for Worcester at 90 and II AS a. m, and
400p.
Worcester for Providence at 100 and lips a. m, and
4O0p.m.
Trains connect at Worcester Junction with Trains of
the Norwich, Nashua and Western Railroads.
at Providence with Trains for Boston, Hartford, Ston
ington and New York.
With Steamer Perry to and from Newport--mid day.
The Valley Falls trains only will stop at Central Falls
on and after the above date.
S. Il. TABOR, eupt.
Providence. Oct. &c, 1857. d3t
Worcester daily spy. [volume] (Worcester [Mass.]) 1850-1888, 1857-12-12
DOOK And JOB PRINTIN
D ESTABLISH M EMIT,
No. 2I2 Main ST., worcester,
EARLE = DREW, Proprielorn.


If you want good job Of Printing, call at 2l2 Main
street.
II youwant a POSTER Of any description call at No
2l2 Main street.
II you want a neat and tasteful BILL HEAD, call at
No. 2l2 Main street,
II you want BUSINESS GARD, at the shortest no.
tice, just call al No. 2t2 Main street.
If you want WEDDING GARD, just go to the Spy
oce, No. 2l2 Main street, AMI you will sure to be
satisfied
II you want q SHOP BILL OF any kind, call at 212
Main street
In short II you want anything the Printing Line iust
all at the Spy Office No. 2l3 Main street.
A MESS SEAMAN LABOR SAVlNG
IN SoAP-The best article in the market for sale by
slS dtf II. GRIFFIN co
hob PRlNIING-In any variety neatly and
- promptly executed at the Spy Office
sepl2 Dist Ht 2l2 Main street
WNRAPPLNG RAPER--All siaes aud uualii
wv tics, for sale 10 low as can be bohRAt
BROOKS Il sTEARNS, 8 Front street
Worcester daily spy. [volume] (Worcester [Mass.]) 1850-1888, 1857-12-12
At Fiske & Goadapd's Store,
No. 1875 Main street, Worcester.

ayOFFEn! COFFEE Though The price o.
~ this article has advanced, yet am determined, as
heretofore, to furnish the best Kinds pure. Also the
Dandelion, and Combination Coffee, sold al low price
and warranted to suit. Nf#Hr fJar :. i.s1
VIM WHITE, Coffee Mills,
au27 d3ms Cor Union 4 Exchange sts,, Worcester.
Worcester daily spy. [volume] (Worcester [Mass.]) 1850-1888, 1857-12-12
GRAND MEDICAL ESTAPY-TS9-
w NEWT
12t Main Street.. worcas,ov


The whole need not physician but thew that are s,c
A voice from Natures Garden. Or O. AHiIL
FORMERLY of Boston, is graduate from the schoo Of Ma
ture and is an independent Botanic Physician Il
Rs Diploma HIS Ma'era Medca Natures 50radjsss
cester, Mass, where all orders must he a,dres.d n
part Of the Union -'0'-'' " 'uy
The Doctors Medicines are preparsd e.ss.,. e. 80
following complaints:- F''''S 'oi w
Spinal Complaints, Difficulty ~ Rrsa.b,,
Kidney Difficulties, Inanenss Ta odspt'ins'
Gravel Complaints, Inaotivity, ~ ~" ~,
NJ -A'us' vertigo In the Head,
p ntaoet.'E No1sb Epilepsy. Epepuc FITS,
rrlsut.lay, splitting Blood,
Soa..ss ue 3 involuntary passing Of Urine
81 w w.. any !, ABue' Pain in the Side and Back
~, i nta Duo9 SAT- hheum, Bronchitis
p pn,,,,! DiiilnSa, Lock Jaw, Commissions,
rpt S y w neafI Dyspepsia, Dysenlery,
Rheumatism, JaundCe Worms nrysirsl,
Overlooking of the Gall Liver Oo,nSSl,{P,7
as The Doctor has a safe and sure re1ea, t al ER
MALE COMPLAINTS discovered ana nso,a NJ h ~,
strict confidence az, ' "a
Worcester daily spy. [volume] (Worcester [Mass.]) 1850-1888, 1857-12-12
Ladies Especially
NOTICE TO THE sIOK


In Offering to the community his Justly celebrated rem
edes fer chronic and acute diseases Of long standing do
not wish to trfe with the life health Of the afflicted
but simply to lay before them the testimonials Of mum.
beI ofrespectable ladies and gentlemen from which the
suffering can judge for themselves The Doctor pledges
himself not to make any wild assertions or false state
ments Of the efficacy OF his medicines nor will he hold
out any hope to suffering humanity which facts will not
warrant few testimonials are here given and tbe
doctor solcits inquiry from the afflicted into all he
publishes, feeling assured they will find them perfecly
reliable and his medicines worthy of their confidence
and patronage
Worcester daily spy. [volume] (Worcester [Mass.]) 1850-1888, 1857-12-12

This coal is burning, semi anthracite, adapted
peculiarly for family purposeshavtng such properties
will at upoE trial satisfy the most exacting Inva-
lids Who have used it say that is the least offensive OF
any coal in use, particularly those affected with
Lung Disease
Worcester daily spy. [volume] (Worcester [Mass.]) 1850-1888, 1857-12-12

Testimony Of a number of Ladies' and Gentlemen
DooToR HILL-Dear Sir This is to certify tbgt
my case was Of very bad hdnor in the blood but
can truly say that Your valuable medicines have cured
me, and recommend all that are sick, to call upon YOU
for you can cure them. Yours, truly, j l.. L.
Worcester, Mass.
Worcester daily spy. [volume] (Worcester [Mass.]) 1850-1888, 1857-12-12
ny r e v o R t o N
G ~ Al.
Mined by the TrevOrtOn Coal and Rail-
rOOd Com pany.
NORTHUMBgRLASD COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA.

N'eAA'AeA.7N-A-f~A'-
This coal is free burning, semanthracite, adapted
peculiarly for family purpOseshavtng such properties
will at once upoW trial satisfy the most exactng Inya
lids who have used it say that is the least offensive Of
any coal now in use particularly those affected with
Lung Disease
A. A. HAYES, N. D., Assayer to State of Massachu
sefS says; uring its slow combustion CRATE hav
ing openings the ash forms no aggega-
on whatever and contains less of unbunt carbon than
that from any known anthracite"
PRoFEsoR sILLMAN says: SIT forms no cIinkers that
cannot be easily crushed 10 the naked hand 1t kndles
easily; few billets of wood suffice 10 effect its ignition
and it burns freely with clear and perfectly clean
blaze Covering selfin the ashes of own cOmsustion
this Cos retains fire like hickory wood and if thus left
undisturbed, it will gradually consume entirely In an
open CRATE kindles without the AID of blower and
Notwithstanding It's easy Ignition i burns for a long
time, and unlike the harder anthracite it does not go
when the quantity of Coal in combustion is reduced
below certain bulk and intensity.
Is similar to "Lykens Valley" or Franklin" Coal, and
can be sold at less price.
cargo Just received and for sale at
GREEN STREET COAL YARD,
W A. Hacker, Agent
orcestor, June 15 1857. dom
NOTICE.-The inhabitants Of Worcester and vi
cnty respectfully informed that the oRners of the
quests has concluded to take all kinds of articles for
eolorng, re-coorng re-hnishing, steamng, pressing
&c.
As he is doing large business in piece goods for fac
tories and has got, therefore, all the convenences and
machinery for coong and finishing goods of any descrp
ton he is enabled not only to do the work good as
any other establishment, but even superior.
Ladies' Dresses Cloaks, Mantlas, Wells, Laces Rib
bons Frnges, Gimps Hose &C., are colored in the best
STYLE Genemen's garments coored, or cleansed and
pressed Broche Shaw cleansed and pressed to look as
good as new.
The attention of Dry and Fancy Goods merchants is
particularly called to this establishment having their
goods reoolored and re-nished manner to compete
with newly imoFted ones.
AS their is no establishment here ia Worcester where
colorng and finishing is done in such variety and
STYLE and the running Of many trains to and from
the works and Worcester convenient the subscriber
hopes to realize good share Of public pqtronsge.
j. DUEMPELMAEN.
All orders left with ]. L. MYERS 120 Main st rect will
be promptly attended to. d3m o3
Worcester daily spy. [volume] (Worcester [Mass.]) 1850-1888, 1857-12-12

The heat passes down the left hand column seen in the
above cut) circuates all around the base through hue
AZ inches square the inside, which radates tour
Sides then up the right hard column into the stove again.
These Stoves have double the radang surface of any in
use, consequently most of the heal is retained in the ROOM
The Ash Pit is above the base that it does not Inter
ere with the ue through which the heat passes These
Stoves have been tried where the drought very poor
They are warranted NOT to thrOw gas and easily
managed. The CRATE should not be shaken Use small
power to enven to fire. If you have good coal free from
slate you may keep fire from end of the year to the
other Ordinarily it is better to clear them out
week in order to the slate by doing you vii
save much heat,
N. b. By observing the above directions you
80 per cent, certain, in the quantity of fuel.
Caprons Car and House Wood Stoves operate on the
same principle 1t is conceded by persons who have
used them, and warranted by the Paentee that they will
save so per cent of the fuel used by any other wood
Stoves. The Providence and Worcester Railroad Com
pany use them in all their passenger cars the Worcester
and Nashua the Boston and Providence the Boston and
Worcester the Providence and Sonngon and the West
ern Railroad Companies, ali have them, and pronounce
them ahead of anything of the stove Kind for heating
cars.
Try them and they will keep YOU warm. Manufactu
ed by l j. w. JORDAN,
Of d&wtf 16 southbrdge street, Worcester Mass.
~ NJ e l. W Il L L
Worcester daily spy. [volume] (Worcester [Mass.]) 1850-1888, 1857-12-12

DocToR O. A. HTLL-sir: I will say that your 1nedi
cine has benefited much My health is much better
than it was when commenced taking it. thnkit Will
cure me. IhaVe not been troubled with the pain
head but once since taking your medicine. The ee-
between my shoulders has all passed away Thiakia
that you might like to hear how was gettiuralonc
have taken the liberty to address these lines 10 von
Iremain sir, you're especially bfrs q a.
Rutland, Nov, 3, 1854. d1v "a
Worcester daily spy. [volume] (Worcester [Mass.]) 1850-1888, 1857-12-12

A. A. HAYES, N. D., ASsGyer to State of Massacktt
sefts, says 81 uring its slow combustion CRATE hav
ing narrow nars openings the ash forms agglega
ton whatever and contains less of unburn carbon than
that from any known anthracite"
Worcester daily spy. [volume] (Worcester [Mass.]) 1850-1888, 1857-12-12

This certihes that my wife was afflicted with weak
ness, or general debility Doctor HIPS medicines cured
her. JFB
Worcester daily spy. [volume] (Worcester [Mass.]) 1850-1888, 1857-12-12

ISL 8S CARRIAGE FACTORY,
sE5GS44Sg2. Established in 1888, "a years since, by
&&---&S-- A. TOLMAN s. CO.,
Near the Bay State House, where may be found ready
for sale, Is Light Carryalls,
Light Oarryas,
2Large Carryals, seats,
Z Phaetons,
II Prince Alberts,
Top Bugges,
Chaises,
40pen Buggies,
I'd hand Carriages various kinds,
Two horse Pedlar's Wagon and Harness.
Making the best assortment of Carriages offered
for sale in Worcester, We have OH hand Harnesses,
Trimmings, Cloth Lace Leather, Bows Bands. Springs
Axles, Bolts, &c.
The Phaeons, for elegance, comfort and servicea the
best Carriages in use for two or three persons
Prince Alberts are style, and very beautiful
The oarryals are of four kinds and cost Sl85 to
k40O
We know as good carriages made in Worcester as
In any place in the county and prOmes that persons
buying Of US, shall the commissions and expenses
which must be paid at Repositories Trading Houses
We are building and shall soon finish, Coaches, Carr
als Chases and other, carriages in addition to ii
ABOVE diff ap10
Worcester daily spy. [volume] (Worcester [Mass.]) 1850-1888, 1857-12-12

vENHE $40 AND SIS SINGLE AND
DOUBLE THREADED, EMPIRE FAMILY SEW
ing Machne-An Agency for the sale Of these Machines
can be secured for this, and the adjoining counties on
liberal terms. No one need apply without sufficient
capital to manage the business properly and who cannot
bring references as to reliability and capacity.
We positively assert that these Machines for all pnr-
poses Family Sewing, are every respect superior to
any sewing machine in market-no matter at what
prices they sodand whenever they are offered for
sale will meet with ready and unlimited demand
au24 DIFF JOHNSON 4 GOODEIJ
Worcester daily spy. [volume] (Worcester [Mass.]) 1850-1888, 1857-12-12
N.W YORK ADEERTISENENTS
aE..yl.y. 80 II.AIPoRT.ANTI. DIsCoy-

Il = L
" cry IN THE SCIENCE OF MEDICINE. TRIES
EMASNone are genuine unless the ensravings Of the
Seals q the Beoe de Phsrscie de Paris aud the Imperial
College Of Vienna, fixed upon each wrapper, and
around eseh case
Sold by On. Il A. BABR0W-Menaber Of the Imperial
College a Vienna and Royal College fSurSeons London
who may be personally consulted his residence No 1871
Prince street, (few blocks Of Broadway New York,
II Il o'clock in the morning. till 2 and from O'Clock
gill 10 The evening, Sundays excepted.)
TRKESEM Ar No, lis TIE remedy Of general and local
aebity loss Of vre power premature decay. snd all the
distressing conseqenees arising from early abuse, &c; an
physical impedimens vanish like magic before its inu
ence thus rendering its Invaluable to those entering
lhe marriage state
TRIEsEMAR No. 2-Entiseiy Graduates all traces Of
those disorders which copavis and cubebs have SO long
thought antedoe for the rum OF the health Of
Avsst portion Of the population.
TEIkSEM Ar No SIS the great European remedy tof
That class Of disorders which, unfortunately the English
physician WITH mercury to the inevitable disruc
ton Of the patients constitution and which all The saTsa
pslilla 10 the world cannot remove
TRIESEMAR Nos. l, 2 and g. prepared IN the form
OF lozenee devoid Of taste smell and can be carried
In the Wstcoai pocket. Sold in tin and eipbed
N separate doses, administered by yapeau, Iae
man. Roux Ricord &c. &C. Price 50 each, four cases
In tor So which s3 and ia 27 cases. whereby
there Is saving Of SO
Special arrangements having been made with the vari
Expresses the uine doArcases Of the Puesemsr sno
The larger sizes will De forN ariei by DR.. Barrow Csiagt
paid Immediately on receiving remittance, any pari
Of the world securely packed and addressed according
10 the Instructions Of the thus securing to the pub
tic genuine European preparations and ehectuay pro-
tecting them spurious ami psrgcious limitations,
The three dollar usual but not free Of car
rage.
GNo 1877 Prince street, fsw doors west of Broadway,
New YORK dly i22
Worcester daily spy. [volume] (Worcester [Mass.]) 1850-1888, 1857-12-12

Is similar to Lykens Valley" or 'Rranklin" Coal and
can be sold at a less price.
A cargo Just received and for sale at
GREEN STREET COAL YARD,
W A. HACKER, Agent.
orcestor, June IS 1851. dom
Worcester daily spy. [volume] (Worcester [Mass.]) 1850-1888, 1857-12-12

Z MHARRIED WOMAN5s MEDTCAL
mchl7 DIFF 21b Main street
Worcester daily spy. [volume] (Worcester [Mass.]) 1850-1888, 1857-12-12

WKIPPING P1IEK--alI sI5sS, ioT TaiS .,
w aplo att BROOKS h grKARNs
Minnesota weekly times. [volume] (St. Paul, Minn.) 1854-1859, 1857-02-07
Modern Preaching.

The following Z" Skeleton of Fashionable
Sermon is from the last number of the Knick-
erbocker Magazine. 1t isa well merited bur.
lesque on the style of some of our modern
young preachers, who are anxious to show of
their superficial learning, without knowing
properly how to apply it:
'Text-".and he killed the fatted calf"
Introduction--Not necessary to say much
about the prodigal son, for nearly every wealthy
family has specimen of its own. and needs
No enlightenment on the subject. Divide the
subject into five heads.
LIST. Speak of the calf, and inform your hear
ers how calf should be fatted. Give him all
the milk of two cows, except a, tin cup full now
and then for the baby. Here you can make
some learned remarks about the milky-way,
the belt Of Jupiter, and Lord Ross telescope.
I'd. He killed the fatted calf, but not only
the Scriptures, but Josephus and the Fathers
are profoundly silent on the question how he
killed it. As this was more than thousapd
years before the invention of gunpowder or
firearms, the presumption is that the old man
didn't shoot the critter, but pitched into him
with club--for clubs are very ancient insti-
tutions. alo9 Ain aass Is
Sd. Explain why the old gentleman, instead
of calf, didn't kill shoat, make one-horse
barbecue and have real time of it.
A. Inform your hearers what the word calf
means when used in Greek, Latin, Choctaw or
Lockjaw.
Dwell pathetically upon the melancholy de-
geneFacy Of the present age. evinced by the
e Al ar n 4 -.