Southern shield., 1857-06-27

,.n "' "ii0Ho are Just as wei qualified as Americana born citizens tc lay the frame work of government and who advocate the suffrage of "res- ident inhabitants ."-Kentuchy Mes Senger.
 TREES ON FARMs.-There Is nc country richer in trees than America their superabundance has produced a vague impression in the public mind that they are superAuities, very good for making lumber, rails or frewood. but nothing more. It seldom occurs to anybody that these cumberers of the ground fulfill nra- aantial and imnnr- tant office in the economy of nature; that regions deprived of woodlands are almost exclusively barren wastes and deserts; that trees exert an equalizing influence upon the climate, that can only be appreciated by those who have travelled over the burning sands of the desert, or braved the cold winds from the polar seas.
 Every one knows who has been on our prairies, that there the suns heat in summer IS greater, and the winters cold more intense, than in the wood en countries, in the same latitude, even when not influenced by altitude or bodies of water. Highly wooded oun- tries in low degree of latitude, are more inhabitable, as far as tempera- ture is concerned, than many of those in higher degrees that are divested of trees. Where arborcal vegetation is abundant there IS always more or less moisture in the soil. During no pe- riod of the year is the ground com pletely dry, so that it is evident that this class of plants does not extract more moisture from the soil than the smaller plants; while the shade which trees give flinders the evaporation produced by the direct solar rays.
 Cleared land always suffers first du- ring the prevalence of drouth, where the drainage is equal on that and wood ed. In the winter, frosts do not pen citrate so deep into the earth in woods as they do the open clearing, the soil in the former remains soft, while that of the latter is ice bound for foot or more-and this independent of the lay CT of leaves and snow. The observa- tion is common one, that the woods are warmer in winter than the clear inGS: and during tho whole year the temperature of the soil is more equal in the former than in the latter. Tracts of barren land suffer the greatest ex- tremes of temperature, In the Arabi- an desert, in summer, the burning si moon sweeps over the sandy plains; in winter, the cold northern winds do the same, covering the mountains and hills with snow. This is peculiarly true of that portion, once the kingdom of Assyria and Babylon.
 Trees have, to a certain extent, the same influence as mountain ranges, at tractipg showers of rain; our own coun- try is an example of this; in the valley of the Mississippi there are no exten- sive elevations of land; nothing to at tract showers or condense clouds, with an exception of trees. The Rocky Mountains on the west, and the Ale ghanies on the east. dry the winds from both these points by condensing the moisture they contain, so that this val ley has to depend almost entirely up- on the south and north winds, with a few points of variation, for the neceS- sary amount of rain. Belts of trees running form east to west would no doubt intercept the moisture of these clouds. Nature has, to some extent, acted in this manner; the belts of tim Der upon our western prairies gener- ally have this direction.
 In Europe, plantations of trees are considered quite essential for protect ing the land and crops from sweeping winds; hedges have, in lesser degree the same effect. When we reflect that the inhabitants of countries with a less thermal range than our own, consider such protection indispensable, 1t be- comes an absolute necessity that we should adopt means to produce like result. Evaporation from the surface of the soil must be retarded; dry wind will, in three hours, absorb more than the sun will in ten, and return none in the form of dew. The rapid changes which the plants composing our crops undergo are very injurious; a certain mean of temperature and mols- ture, with light variation, belng essen tial to the most perfect development of the plant and seed.-Oh10 Far n1er.
 sg8~ Krautsalaat's wife has a great fancy for country life, and insists on keeping q hen in the back yard, as