davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Union and eastern journal. [volume] (Biddeford [Me.]) 1854-1858, 1857-04-17
Doings of the City Government.

In Board Of Aldermen, April Is, 1857. (
Petition Of Eli Smith to be classed with
School District No. 10. Read and ordered
that the prayer Of said p,tition DO granted.
Same came back from tho Common Council
non-concurrcd. Board Of Aldermen adher-
cd to Their former vote. Sent down for con-
currcnce.
Alderman Bcttes moved the following:
Ordered, That the several School Dis
tricts Of this city DO consolidated in one
District, and that q committee Of seven be
appointed to draft set Of rules and regula-
tions for the government Of the same, to be
presented to the City Council for their ap-
proval. Read and refused passage by
yeas and nays.
Yeas. Bcttes, Hill & Smith, 3
Nays. Goodwin, Allen, Gowen and
Fairfield, q
Alderman Bettes moved the following -
Ordered, That the present City Assessors
be directed to deduct from the sch,ol money
to be raised by the City the present year, q
sum equal to ten per cent, Of the sixty cents
per head of the population of the city in ls-
IS and assess the same to the small districts,
as the law of that year required, which sum
was not assessed. Read and laid upon tho
table.
The following was presented by the Pres
ident, to wit:
Ordered, That the question Of uniting
tho several School districts be submitted TO
tho voters Of the several Wards OF this city,
for their action, forthwith, requesting them
to vote on the same, those In favor voting
yea, and those opposed voting nay, and that
the Board Of Aldermen issue warrants ac-
cordingly. Read twice and passed. Sent
down for concurrence.
On motion Of Alderman Allen the order
for raising SEQ, 600 by taxation was taken
up. Read twice and passed by yeas and
nays.
Yeas. Goodwin, Allen, Hill, Gowen and
Fairfield, 5
Nays. Bettes and Smith.
Sent down for concurrence. Adjourned
to Monday evening next at 7 o'clock.
In CoxNoN COUNCIL.
Petit on of Eli Smith (rcturned from
Board Of Aldermen, that branch adhering
to their former vote,) was, on motion Of S.
p. McKcnncy, laid on the table.
Order for referring the question Of uni.
ting tho several School districts to the voters
Of the city, (passed by the Board Of Alder
men) camc down for concurrence.
After an Intellectual attempt, on motion
Of Mr.. Ford, of Ward 8, to lay on tho table,
the order was finally passed in concurrence,
one only, Mr.. McKenncy Of ward 9, voting
in the negative.
The Union and eastern journal. [volume] (Biddeford [Me.]) 1854-1858, 1857-04-17

~ The numerous class Of unaPprcciat.
ed young men will take comio.t in reading
that the Duke of Wellington was thought
very lille Of rs an ensign:
When Ensign Wellesley was COMMONLY
!, In Ireland. a shallow, sauey
.iripliog,' Col. Napier di'esrned IN him tho
germ. Of Fielj.Mar.hal, the Duke Of We'll
lingtOn. These he sail, who think
lightly Of thai lad, are unwi'e In their SEN
,ra,ion; he has Ia him tho makins' OF
Great general
The Union and eastern journal. [volume] (Biddeford [Me.]) 1854-1858, 1857-04-17
Arsrsr,, Aprl II, 1857.

ArGrsr,, April IL, 1857.
The contemplated appropriations for the
west.roOk and East Maine Conference Sem.
mary have failed, as has also the appropria-
ton moved by Mr.. Adams, OF Nswdeld for
Limerick Academy. The House yesterday
sent them all To the .'tomb Of the oapule,s,"
and the Senate in a spirit Of retaliation,
sent the proposition for the Normal School
over 10 the next legislature. In regard to
the appropriation for Limerick Academy,
Mr.. Adams Of Ncwheld, made gallant fight
Cor il, and would have carried it, had not
some, who were friendly to it, bat who were
opposed to making appropriations for West
brook and East Maine Summaries, been de
TERED from voting for it through fear that
,heir votes might be regarded as inconsistent
with voting against appropriations for the
latter institutions.
The Normal School Bill ailed from the
antagonism Of the friends Of appropriations
to Academies. The Bill only provided Tor
the aspiration of $500 per annum, to some
school to DO selected by Trustees in a snita-
bic location, tho patrons of which, should
place at the disposal Of the Trustees, build
The Union and eastern journal. [volume] (Biddeford [Me.]) 1854-1858, 1857-04-17
be shore from tho rock, and had begun to

the shore from tho rock, and had begun to
ascend.
Aftcr an interval Of fearful suspense,
passed in anxiety, lest exhausted by cold and
wet, his strength might yield before he
should reach the top, his head appeared, he
was Immediately seized and drawn up
Crane, at imminent peril to himself, had
descended over the shelving rock to render
assistance In the ascent which was declined.
He still remained below. But ut length
he also successfully reached tho summit.
The Union and eastern journal. [volume] (Biddeford [Me.]) 1854-1858, 1857-04-17

SAD DmElvuENry Sunday afternoon
we Witnessed melancholy corlegs 10 the
street. Of New 0ilean-. II was long and
sad procession following TO the grave the
mortal remains Of two Of The daughter, Of
our esteemed iownsuian, DR.. WIN. Rush'on.
They died, one AT midnight on Sunday night
and thu olher n few hours later. OF That
drea1tul disease. Tho shaile, fever, and now
lie cutombei together; one u young wi'a
who leaves her first infant sick OF the same
disease. The other promised bride, whose
wedding WIS TO take place within a few
days. They were The grace oi The best So
cieiy In New Ollcdn,, but week ago the
centre around which clustered the most
Joyous hopes oi fond hearts Tor 'he future
now the tenants OF a common crave water.
ed by passionate ,ears.-N o. Picdyuns,
March 81.
The Union and eastern journal. [volume] (Biddeford [Me.]) 1854-1858, 1857-04-17
IEALTH ARD TREN q TT
DR. 5. o. RICHARDSON'S
SHERRY WINE B!TTsRS

n The BIS, Meiiehs s,sr assi ~ spras All saGmsr
j capitalists n h.. h--u nae ihsraily Tsircnifsd
thsn asy olhsf s,sf e.gahlshcl IN IN. o0shlry. IL 10
he sane R.cAarI.sas HIisr. -iAch hs. f,ssDrei %
many inssIiI. o. hsAth thruaEh1ai the ss- kstlsSi
stAiss dsfiss the past thiry y.ars.
Nh. Bssars q lmitAiis.. eaIisi sherry wine ~.
tsr,. Tie rrnllne have facsimile 81 my signature
aI-sn a.. envelope. FOr ale BY Druggists every
shsrs, AEi Al nay Sies, No. 81 HAno'u street, Doe
tao 3n.3
The Union and eastern journal. [volume] (Biddeford [Me.]) 1854-1858, 1857-04-17
WORLDS BLESSING.
Or. J. q. N. GouLD's
Rles-a,ie, Xsur.ixi. asa spinal BALI.


Entered According 70 &c. 81 Congress, In ID. year
1874, 10 the Clerks ocice oftb District Court
o. Massachusetts,.
ME voui ea The stlsniOn % tie public 10 this vOn-
w dsrfs preparation, used oniy as an external sppll.
,ston which 10 sure remedy. cures In from Ito ~
a0ur., remove. the 's'srest palm In ID ninsis and
ELieh never falls
Csriheate. AZ, daily r,tsvei by the doctor Of the
sishe.i recommendation. lie this day received The 'o'
SslDsi- ,, ,s,.
Dgls Sra Ever since this session of the legislature
0uInsneei, have been severely afieei viih Imam
tory Hheumaism. ! ebIsLdei much moDry Without
blAlllns any rclle vbsn on- OF or representatives,
soashi me q bctiie Of your ~HheumI,ie ba'm, ana
rvts lie hpi application Tie pam began 70 dscrc-ss,
nd am n,s al,nOs, entirely frcs from the sfction.
Zoo are Asars that ordered slx b,,ties mosv, uheh
li.,nbu.i among suffering fIienis, and In every 10.
lance u has Afforded Immediate r.iisf lshi five THIS
sslmony o The vOrtL Of jour meiisns. un.ol.es, ~
slight toten % my appreciation 81 your endeavors 10
sothe the pain aud anguish u Joar isles- nen.
VERY respectfully,
W. Il. q. uAskELL,
Clerk Mas. Iiosss hsPs-
Dr.. J. D. N. Could, East Abingdon, AAss.
Mr.. y. L. Card, resident u Porilasd, Who has besn
.cte With SerOfaa Zoe the last ,hrse years. sunrns'
oaseqassiiy, much palm, and .b-e re- sf@ a.a -
Dms 80 sure ami lame that n VS. veg dincaii boz him
to raise his hand 10 las bal 90 10 pal On AID As on
oAt without assistaDce, anil ubo has uei m.ny ands
medicine, without AoT tA'c<ahe sueet, ss tnaeeea
10 try Dr. 0oalas Rheumatic balm, By uhleh appiel-
Ion he sas ~ twenty inmates iiossd 10 the use ofhs
.rm and can Dow use freely. ..
Mr. Card resides In Alder street, and you'll Be happy
70 recommend 70 those similarly ari,etoi. II may be
ala vtth truth that u u indeed the Wsrifs Bissssr
No. n, Alter n, Portland. Ne. q. l. CAkD
paec snd Laboratory. Ne. 4 i.3 sehssl
Street, Bestea.
Sod by Tr,stfam Uilniin, Ssc5 ID. J. Saw.
yer, BiddeioOd. aud all the principal Dussis,s IN
hs State.
The Union and eastern journal. [volume] (Biddeford [Me.]) 1854-1858, 1857-04-17

Tus SroRx. A very violent Northeast
storm ragged here on Tuesday. Tho wind
blew funously, and the rain ut times came
In torrents. Tho river is nearly or quito a.
high as tvs in the year of'54.
The Union and eastern journal. [volume] (Biddeford [Me.]) 1854-1858, 1857-04-17
Republican Victory.

The Republicans Of Miehis' n have elect.
~ their Stale Jud'aial oaicrr., and BjaId
Of Regents BY 10000 majority.
The Union and eastern journal. [volume] (Biddeford [Me.]) 1854-1858, 1857-04-17

Increase in excess of exports. 81, s,476
The increase in tho trade of the two coun-
tries is shown by the following figures -
EI. to G. B. &c. Imp FIN G. b. &c.
1856, $l95,79l 1886 Sl54,056 740
1855, l24, lSl ,095 1884, 434
The Union and eastern journal. [volume] (Biddeford [Me.]) 1854-1858, 1857-04-17
Officers Of Triumph Engine Company,

Pipemcn, s. D. Hamilton, $. II. Pilsbury,
Leading Hoscmcn, James Benson, Chas.
II. Thompson, Wallace Spaulding, James
S. Berry, Henry q. Sutherland.
Suction Hoseman, Mark Bryant, Micah
Hatch, Chas. Goodwin.
AIemen, Isaac P. Quincy, Lorenzo Pink
ham.
Steward, Henry Benson.
The Union and eastern journal. [volume] (Biddeford [Me.]) 1854-1858, 1857-04-17

COMMERCE WITH GREAT BRIrAIN.-Thc fol-
lowing figures show the value ofthc exports
Of tho domestic produce of this country, and
the imports from Great Britain, and its de-
tendencies for the financial years 1886:
The Union and eastern journal. [volume] (Biddeford [Me.]) 1854-1858, 1857-04-17

1855. 1906.
Exports, Sl59, lsl ,0s5 Sl95,19l $3.50
Imports, l29,874,434 ia. 055,749
Excess Of exports q ,3O6,GGl 4l,73S,l3!l
29,30G,66l
Richmond enquirer. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1815-1867, 1857-05-01
AN HONOR JUSTLY MERITED.

We rejoice to learn from the following article in
the Cincinnati Enquirer, that the Democratic Con-
ven;ion Of the tenth District in Kentucky, recently
assembled at Covington, and unanimously nomina'
red Gel. John W. Stevenson for Congress. Col. s..
Is native OF Richmond, and, by his talents, e!o'
quence, and sto-ling character, has won the conf.
dence Of the people Of Kentucky, an able lawyer,
aud popular and influential Democrat. When his
intimate friend, John e. Breckenridge, was nomina
ted for the Vice Presidency, Col. Stevenson was ap-
pointed to succeed him, Elecor for the State at
large. Col. s. will, in Congress, do honor to his ma.
live Virginia aad his adopted Kentucky:
.'The candidates tor the nomination woro all emil
peri and able Democrats. JOHN w. Stevenson aud
Henry Clay Harris of Campbell; Hiram Kelsey OF
Oven; U. p. Hogan OF Grant; Judge Cox Of CARROLL
H. j. Abbott of Galatin, were severally placed in
r"nninaton, but during the progress of the ballot
GU J.. w: Stevenson, who. amid general applause
aud tie velest tokens OF approval and satisfaction,
was unanimously adopted US the candidate OF the
Convention. A committee was then appointed to
wait on Mr. Stevenson, and inform him OF his nomi.
nstion; pending which Major Harris and Messrs. Ho.
gaa and Kelsey, we're called on and responded in
eloquent and effective speeches. Col. Stevenson
then appeared aud returned thanks in one Of the
most eloquent, impressive, and beautiful speeches
ever heard. The triumph Of this admirable gen
t'eman aud staunch Democrat, is one of the most
certain events in the future
Richmond enquirer. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1815-1867, 1857-05-01
ANOTHER vIRGINIAN PROPERLY COMPLI.
MENTED.

The Nebraskian, published at Omaha, renders the
following just tribute to Col. John A. Parker, ma
tive of Virginia. and now the able and efficient Re-.
gi=ter Of the Land Office in Nebraska. We congrat.
ulate old friend upon the firm hold he seems to
gained upon the confidence Of his enterprising
and aouishing fellow. citizens of the Far West
OUR LAND OFFICE.
We are much pleased tu fnd large numbers OF our
citizens daily i'll attendance at the Land Office in this
c!iy. securing titles to their homes The officers
KEEP. constantly employed from o'clock in the morn.
ing un,;l lae at night. We informed that neither
Col Parker Col. Gillncrc have been out of their
office hour, during business hours, from the time
the Office opened, in February, TO the present time
We doubt whether the same be geld OF any other
L.ad Officers in the United States; they seem to have
SIT TO work with fixed purpose TO discharge their
dates promptly aud with eye single 10 do justice
to al parsies-unfiuchiug and unbendins.
N.~ and important Questions growing out OF the
settlements the Public Lands before they were
survrycdl have come before the Offices here, and
Sdence in the decisions made; those who
defeated appear satisfied, and of the many contested
e!s-s decided, only one decision hos been appealed
from. and that appeal was taken By Jumper"
against the FrsI settler, who had been on his land
about year-of course their decision will be sus.
:aiusj.
We also much gratl6ed 10 learn that on yester-
day. (ruesdsy,) through the friendly interpositon
and advice OF the Register and Receiver Of our Land
Ohice, many OF tue Cass county troubles have been
peacefully aud satisfactorily settled These difficulties
III oar sister county, had led to of turbulence
and disorder, which every true friend of the Territory
must deplOre. We reterate our advce-come for ward
aud become treeholders of Nebraska, and then make
oar beautiful Territory blossom like the rose."
Richmond enquirer. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1815-1867, 1857-05-01
THE UNITED STATES AND NEW GRANA,
DA-WAR APPREHENDED.

New YORK April 29-P NJ. The following are
the demand. Of the United States upon New Grana-
d. i'll view OF the late difficulties and murder OF Anne
rican citizens upon the lsthmus:
First. To constitute the cities of Panama and AS
puwa two independent municipalities and invest
them with the powers of self government. extending
over the territory ten miles wide each side of the
rsrosd-peIfcct freedom Of the transit routs-s neu.
trality and liberty guaraneed-the sovereignty not
he changed. and other nations to DC invited 10 join
In the guaranty.
Second To cede to the United States the full cove.
regnty of two small groups OF islands i'll the bay OF
Panama for naval station, aud all rights aud priyi.
reserved in the railroad contract for ample con
e;derations.
Third. To pay for the damages occcasoned by the
outbreak Of the 18th of April.
Fourth. The sum TO he paid by the United States.
All these demands Granada absolutely rel -cts and
Claim. one hundred and fifty thousand dollars from
the United States for damages done a; Panama TO
New Grnnadian ctizsns by Americans on the 18Th
of April, and that the United States reparation
to New Granada for the rude protest of Col Ward
dated Apri! 2st, nad for the specfu letters of
Commodore Mervin. and Captain Bailey. Tbs notes
OF / ,uS Pomhu aId Gonzales are long and full of
false asse5:Ions ana ucorrec: deductions.
IN the House OF Representatives il had been pro.
posed 10 raise a loan o, Ave hundred Thousand dol
lars iD case New Granada should DO invaded by the
United States.
A letter from Aspnwa datsd the 20th, says:
The alarming aspect OF our relations with New
Granada is creating great excitement. Immediate
with the United States lie unprecedented. The pro.
perty holders OF Panama hsd begun already 10 cal.
cuate the cEeoces of loss d-ring the scenes which
may yet traEspre before the settlement of tho dill
Guilty For some weeks they have openly declared
that no negotiations could settle the natter-that
there certainly would be rupture, and tho result
would be lilo temporary posting OF Uuited States
troops on the Isthmus.
Richmond enquirer. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1815-1867, 1857-05-01
ER0M WASHINGTON

WARRINGTON, April "o.-.ln business conversation
to-day the presidsnt said that the comptroers uris
d;ctou under the Ramsey and Carmick law is abso.
lute and that he, the President. must enforce the
laws enacted. The matter causes much talk, and is
generally considered to override :he opinion Of the
Attorney General on the subject.
G.. Augustus johnson, confirmed by the Senate on
the last day Of the session n. consul at Beirut, will
not be commissioned.
Asa Bea has declined the appointment: Of dis.
bursting agent of VIM Magraw's section of the pro
posed wagon road.
Mr. Morse, U. S. Commissioner to Bogc;a. has in
formed the administration By telegraph q! HE arrival
at New Orleans. He is expected shortly at Wash.
ngton to report the particulars connected with his
unsuccpssful mission.
The President has fixed the 18th of May for con.
siderng the diplomatic and consular appointments.
Mexican affairs and especially the Tehuantepec mat
Ter, will be considered in the meanwhile.
The organization of the wagon roads is completed.
Bsales party will rendezvous at New Orleans the
10Th Of May.
The East India squadron. consisting of the Mime.
sofa, Mississippi and German;owu> are to Ia 6tted
for sea by the middle Of May. scarcity Of seamen
is unprecedented.
Capt. Hartstein received his complimentary sword
today,
Richmond enquirer. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1815-1867, 1857-05-01
n. S. FORD, Sec'y.
DEMOCRATIC MEETING IN WARREN.

A, a meeting Of the Democratic party OF Warren,
held at the Court House, in Trout Royal, on Mon
day. the Goth inst, Col. E. b. Jacobs called TO
the chair, and Edward Monroe appointed Secretary.
The object Of the meeting having been stated, 10
appoint Delegates to attend The Democratic Conven
ton which will meet in Richmond, 10 nominate
candidate fov Attorney General it was, on motion,
Voted That two persons be appointed by the chair
from each Magsteria District.
Whereupon the chairman appointed the following
named persons:
Let. Dist-S Boyd and d VIEWER.
2nd Dist-R IL Simpson and Edward Moore.
Bird Dist.-Aadrew Pittmau aud e Richardson.
4,h Dist Dawson aud Morgan johnson.
5,h Dist.-S w Thomas and John Churchill.
III case all the above named persons fail to attend,
the following gentlemen are requested 10 ect as alter
mates and cnst the vote of the county: Judge w. w.
Crump. Of Richmond j. $. Calvert of Richmond,
and I. a. 7. Kelley, Of Winchester.
Or mStiOM IS Ea~asG Moore, the following reso
luton was adopted unanimously:
Resolved, That having tho utmost confidence In
the political integrity aud legal ability Of John Ran.
doph Tucker, ESQ., of Winchester, the delegates and
aernates are instructed to vote for him, and 10 use
all honorable means to secure his nomination.
On motion,
Voted. That the proceedings of this meeting be
published in the Front Royal Gazette, and that the
Richmond Democratic papers be requested to copy
the same. On motion, adjourned.
A. b. JACOBS Chairman.
EDWARD MOORE, Sec'y.
Richmond enquirer. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1815-1867, 1857-05-01
POLITICS IN NEW YORK.

Forty-two Democratic members of the late Legis
iature of New York constituting, we believe, the
whole of that party in both Houses) have addressed
she people Of the State the suffice, vf 1.-The pro-
..es, Of misgovernment in the State" The address
IS one of considerable force, recap;ula,ing the va
rcus acts of the majority which they consider as
threatening "the ascendancy Of constitutional law,
.ss peace Of the countsy, sud the iassss&y ST ths
Uniou.'
Tbs Canals, it IL stated, are no longer source Of
revenue to the State, and "are unable TO sustain
the Immense burden Of debt which improvident legis
ia:o: has cast upon them" The total debt of the
State on the lst January, 1857, over $3 900 0U0
.nd. with the amount chargeable on the csual reve
mas all aggregate above $36 UU0, 900.
Complaint is made of the contempt manifested by
the political msjcrity towards the State Constitution
and the Constitution of tho United States, in regard
- free outrage and towards the decision of the
Sapres Court ct the United States, in an organized
hsrton and defiance, before that decision has been
,.ISs!ied ~ say authoritative form.
The address, whatever may be thought of its rone.
raj views truly says OF New York that mo State has
greater stake III the Cnirn and iis peace and pros
perlty, or larger interest in maintaining tho Con.
si,taton, rs it now stands, in all its torce No Snt
woald cutler much from tho civil comno,ioua
which would inevitably follow dissolution of tina,
COMPACT"
Richmond enquirer. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1815-1867, 1857-05-01
DEMOCRATIC MEETING IN sMYTH.

At meeting Of the Democrats of Smyth county.
held at the Court House, on Tuesday the 2ist April,
1857, VIM. Porter was called to the Chair, and a. G..
Pandleton, Jr., appointed Secretary.
The object Of the meeting being explained the fol-
lowing resolutions were offered and unanimously
adopted:
Resolved, That this meeting approve Of the Con-
ventiun to be held in the city of Richmond Oh The
l3t of May next. to nominate candidate for the
office of Attorney Genera, made vacant by the re-.
signation Of Willis =. Bocora.
= Resolved. That JAMES II. ln1ore. James Y. Pen.
die;on VIM c. Paris, A5iiah Thomas. E. l. Roberts
and James l.. Buchanan, ba appointed delegates TO
represent this county in said Convention.
Resolved, Tnat in the event that Of said dele
gates attend SAID Convention then that Robi. w.
hughes OF Richmond, and WIN. p. Cecil Of Taze-
WELL be authorized 10 Cast the voc Of this county in
said Convention
Resolved, That The Chairman and Secretary be
added TO the above list OF delegates.
Resolved, That the proceedings OF this meeting be-
published III the Abingdon Democrat, WytheviIle
Telegraph, Richmond Examiner and Enquirer.
On motion, the meeting adjourned.
WM. PORTER, Chairman.
A. @. PLNpLKroS, Secretary.
Richmond enquirer. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1815-1867, 1857-05-01
EDWARD MOORE, Sec'y.
DEMOCRATIC MEETING IN ORANGE,

At meeting OF the Democrats OF Orange, on the
9th inst, court day., on Motion III Join w. Wool
folk Lancel0t Burruss called the Chair and Ro.
s. Kendall was appointed Secretary
On motion Of DR.. John L. Voolfolk, the following
gentlemen appointed delegates to the Conven-
lion to be held at Richmond. TO nominate caudi.
date for the office Of Attorney General:
FIRST DlsTRicT-Jas Is Newman, Maj Jennings,
Capt WIN Graves, Jno s Cowherd.
SECOND DisrRIcr-Joa Philips, Col G Scott, w G
Williams. j ii Lee.
THRU DIsrRlcr-Phlp Is Jones, Jno F Talie
ferrn, Jno w Voolfolk, + N Kendall.
Fourth DIsTRIcT-Henry Hatch, DR. J l. Wool.
folk, Jno LJohnson, Dr. Quiseuberry.
FIFTH DIsrRIcr-R l. Gordon, Capt Jno Rowe,
Jas l. Robinson, s Skinker.
On motion, the Chairman and Secretary Of the
meeting were added to the delegation aud any other
Democrat from Orange county that may be present
at the Convention, was authorized TO take seat es
delegate.
Resolved, That the proceedings Of this meeting be
published in the Alexandria, Richmond and other
Democratic papers of the District.
l.. BURRUSS, Chairman.