The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1857-08-26
ADDITIONAL FROM EUROPE.
Our Berne, Hamburg, Copenhagen and
Berlin correspondence,
AS. DC, 40,

Our Swiss Correspondence.
| BERNK SWITZERLAND, August Q, 1857
spt's Notions Of Po,oal Uniy-Hsory Of soiss R-psbi
can Insitutio1s1h Political Changes Of Isis-Prese7,
Constitution Of TIE FEDERAL Gopunment- Hae,iai Pro
ereSs Of the Repubi Io9ueS Of n. Ruatan IA Iadta
Curious Sory-ImporaNt Key 10 TIC Passes ~ he III. doc
KooSh
THIS letter date from what to be hen serorth the cap
tai of the repu 1lc of Switzerland rather Of what the
| Swiss generally call The Helveuc Confederation For
strsrge 1t may 20 Americans the S~is have
hardly begun compreheno the fac Tor realize the idea
TO sssk In the philosophical style OF the Germany ,hs
their country is one u,i have 1t
national banner and coins Purists Unum-thA
10, one nation great republic composed Of many
su,uent paris
Nor ought we, perhaps t, be astonshed at this when
| that until within he last eight years the go
sepment Of Switzerland that o. Confederation Of
Cartons not Union OF States II was almost ty the
counterpart Of what form Of government, from the
early part of the Revolu unit, year 1882 when the
old "&ncle. OF confederation gave place present
constitution. Let go little into detail this subject,
| which may not be familiar to your readers
TIE great struggle which the century gave
exite to the republc OF Sutherland commenced In
what were called the "Fores CAntons," namely Un
scnwez AID Inter Walden which ali borde the lake
Of Luzerne together with aoother, ~hch
OF the AXE Hence that lake 10 often called the LAke
the -Four Csntons" At first, and fer . long Tins the
Der Of csntons Was not great In the time Of the Reforms
tor Of the sixteenth century there twelve thirteen
The Cor grees Of Vienna In 1914 annexed to The CoDdra
ton, ~ was called, what nov kI de, the
names OF the Cantors OF Geneva, the Wales and Ned
fsti In this the entire numper Of Was In
creased 10 twenty two which figure ads 1t tae
AS the form Of government IT was this esch Canton
had email council which WAS the executive, and t~o
stpdtra hA In la~r ~
state E.ch Canton hal Grand Council, which varied In
In different Cal tons from $50 TO $50 nben THIS
body MADE the laws OF the Canton There properly
spessipg 1t one house branch or may speak, 10
the Can.onia legislature nor was there govsrnor In any
CANT n.
AZ 70 the general government, there President
seuste but only "diet" Congress Of one House.
and that oon is,ed Of t.o members from each Canton In
later there forty four members In that bod
and the vote was by Cantons that Is the two members
| fr m each Canton gave one vote for their Canton.
Bot 10 ls48 great change TOOK place In tie general 70
verpmept of Switzerland, not ae Ag however the form
Of the C nopal eovernm nu 90 far ~ know. The go
verpn ett remoceeo and made to resemble 10
6 IL essential features In the nrs. place the
Diet has been reed 10 t~e houses The upper Houre
10 composed ike our Senate, OF two members T. ON each
CAN'T D. but elected for much shorter term,-s poai on
which there 10 tot perfect unforms, C&ntons by
heir grand cyuncl," oosins their delegates 70 the
Diet every year, and some two years and ths, Is
quite erent from u,sges Each Canton pays is
mt. moefs OF the Senate .nA Is called "he Conc OF
Tie sAIes SUI more, to vote In that body 10 still by
rae lo~er Bou.e or popular branch called the Council
oe, Who elected by the psopls years
ratio OF one member flr 80 Geo inhs bi aots.
A. reert The two bodies OF the Swiss Congress, or
Diet DO meet 10 the suildng Dat they Wil when
bt H new Capitol" nos In process OF bull ling, sns he
opened In oertNa cA,es ~i AID, the two bodies
te Der ard vote gethtr THIS happens when tney have
not been able TO agree. In his case II I, easy 10
zee thS the popular branch, or the " Ma
riSmrbo. perhaps, they se5e.lly should
And N the executives lnsted or lodging that grea,
IN the hands ~ one mao the Swiss have what they
M A yenm me- mi
chosen annually ny the Na'iouN OJu lc OF ~non
bears the lame, snd 10 some sense fuDs the functions Of
such 10 few words I, the present form or govern neni
In his beautiful . land Of wi.n Tell" -ih ils ~
toIs and ZbOJOoo mhsbianlt, brave and pro porous,
about one third OF whom are Roman Catholics and 90
| thhds Prote'sns lis infeea 9 ,plspdii country for
scenery, tina varies from the beslful aud charming
the boo and sublime hs almost repel, ooe BY u avrul
ustdeor TIE tns'h tss that there IL bas one Loai,n,
the French say that there bat one Paris and the S<ss
sith equsl sfoom soercy and equal tuln, say that
| there IL bat one S~tz rind
Itsve been qpi,e familiar With s.',z.rland for twenty
year, more, but MEAS that not prepared
much prog hes evidently recently
Railroads msssg 10 oil direction, over the northern
part q the country ard the prnc pal ces, such Gene
| Va Lausanne, b ls sne Zuch are decidedly srowing
The old rampsrp nverted into beautiful Boulevard
GDe rose ,pendid houses are budins up 10 the
beet situations The nber NJ steamb,aa the lakes
has Gesil Increased The lake OF Geneva hes thsi OF
Constance ], or is Neuchsiei, 8; Zurch, or To- Ia
zsrpe on g. and meet Of the all lakes have a least
one zach.
The dtfcuty between the King o, Prussia and The Gan
bet the uonacbs Of the House o, BNseusurs aud
me old Principally OF seu'chat~l," ADD which
we've miseraoV mAn'sed oy 'ne Congress o. Vlenos,
men ~ Storm IL teapot" The King rennusoes bis
claim, the republic enach oblivion and c,npcnsauou
ihe vho suffered from the revolution Of lss and the
| matter 10 hoisbed
The Eogl.h papers which have found here In the
Hoeids Ia Ubronus, that the news from India
CT, ,lDues be very unss,sric.gry 10 fact, alarming
Well, The Ergsh sill re c1uqEer Iodis hsve doubt
and III car be By soen into their thick heads
mi anfeh n
nst vast country 10 such way AZ otsct them 10 ali
their rshs aud give them the rres blessios' Of Cor
rel sior and Christian civilization 10 exchange f,s the
dsspo,sm Of t,elr pssy prrc~ end the pnu nersbe de
grading vices and supereitJu practices o. besbesism
they may do great worn there for the bes Interests Of
humanity Ban secure this esd they mist abolish the
Fact lnoa Company send vie and able 70 sdmn
the soverrmep, all ,s brsoche' both cvil and m nry,
deveope the Of the country, promote every
thing ID tends 10 elevate the human IF they Gil
no, DO the, then they gill deserve TO lose 1nia Il 10
wopderfu thai people vh1 have many gooi quslues
Transatlantic sind folk possess and 10
,pecs good planting colonies, sbonId be very
compe'ent 10 govern eiher colnes or cIunuies which
i,ee tina, II IL pin,ed some Of the Eossb paper, thu
the sisn has had somclhns to do ~itb the
troubles In India This IL not likely but gill tell 700
he day will come when Rushs, re me nberns hor bsssy
Era and for iose sake she encountered the dreetfd
vM OF 1912 with France, turned against her 10 1901 10
sroer 70 please soci' nj enemy ard pi1re an sucsu
friend, ~ avail herself OF her proximity 70 lniia all OF
her crossing influence Central Asia 70 We England sc
rjos uoub e. In lntis Never did country maze great
er msske than Enelsnd 10 going inso The late var VI
France sgsns, Ra,,is-ed by Tie nose ~ fraDce-snd
ihen stopping in the middle, |. II we're. J. the
var rs neocesFy, tnen Eigsnd, for her orn
axe ought 70 haze Insisted upon IL thst tbs all Cd
forces should 20 into Georgia and the otae, ssau trans
asn pro 'inoes aud not from the var Until
tDe hwtsns Sere driven out Of that pat q ATa. Bat
& n9vemen, od MOI suit France what dlt hs care
SPOUT brusn interests In AMa9 All sue waited was 10
pace herself 90 TIE proud pre- cmncnse uhish she had
before me Oaue OF Waterloo AMI abe aid Il at the Malls
ROT klss, for poor England
That The Russsns will give TIE Engsh Goat trouble IN
India one Gay, have %is doubt rhey viii BY piece.
meal possession OF Persis aud render i'm oo.ible FOR
The ~ Rsn 10 run railroads from the mar and On Inc
and the PLANE Of Iran Into the Valley Of the indus n /.