The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1857-05-07


cha gsd with grand larceny in scaling seventy
eight pairs Of shOes valued It sixty collars on the
9Th Of March, from the hark Rhine. The acco@eo
were convicted and sent n the State prison ior two
and family Of one II them weps piteously, and their
cries were echoed throughout tho pun nag: Ine
scene was hesrnending, AAa win not soon be Tor
gotten.
The court then adjourned for the day.
Deep Sea Soundlngs-Lieut. Msury's ana
Lieut.. Berryman's Systems Compared.
TO THE EDITOR OF THE HERALD.
The HERALD Of the 25,h ut contains very interesting
notice Of The deep s0undings obtained on Maurys p
tesu during the voyage Of the Arctic under the command
Of Lieut. Bergman. With regard to the reprts Of that
expedition the notice contains the follow ing" The accu-
racy OF these returns has been questioned by very high
authority at home; and IL is allied 70 another problem
OF prodgous interest few words the subject of deep
sea soundngs may be Of interest" Then follows an emu
meraton Of certain disfcuhes--then We are told tina
Lieut. Bergman having little reliance in the system ad
vsed by Lieut. Maury, made use Of self-regstcrng
sounding apparatus pronounced admirable by Of the
Lords Of the Admiralty in 1sl9 when Maury in bong
clothes.
propose show /, the absence Of all public informa
ton as to the detail Of this work Of the Arctcse OF
descent OF lead 6cthat, the apparatus used was no i'm
provement on the old one, and that until those details are
furnished and the garng discrepancies pointed out by
Lieut. Maury reconciled we may rest assured that Lieut.
haury had just grounds for his opinion and that such sue
cess ~ va obtained, in bringing up specmen was due
70 another source than new arrangement Of apparatus
in the construction OF the apparatus TIT elongated
form Of sipker was substituted for the spherical the
elongated form " tho very first that presents Itself 10
originating sounding head for has been in for shoa
water sounding from the earliest ages This change by
many copsidere njudicious The spherical form Is pre-
fcrred as the av -verDng is rates Of descent more
readily determneu owing TO the relation Of weight and
surface in spheres of equal density and moreover
Of elongated and spherical LEAFS that the sphere the
quickest snker Of all in deep sondir which Is al
tbutable to the fact that there is nothing In the form Of
the sphere defect from the vertical line of descent An
the friction of the sounding hne at the depth OF few hun
dred athons renders the descent sow this change
of form, without materially Diminishing the resistance,
renders the apparatus susceptible Of DETECTION from the
vertical line Of descent The sphere, combining great
weight " tn convenient FORM aso particularly suited
20 the detacbng appar which 10 dersbe 70 have
small and hight possiblenot exceeding few onnces
with the greatest ease in depths Of two or three thoeand
athos and in fct from the profoundest depths Of the
The United States Nauial Maoa-ine for June describes
an instrument illustrative Of these remarks -
This change of form Is productive Of serious injury.
s s @ ss ss BAR wsa %
pounds In the semi fluid dep 'si Of the sea bottom
ns mud ss5 10 he
It's sp ns ~ Ss e .na
lead turns upon i,s side on the bottom must be WEIGHED
aW or With the spses on he Contrary ne ey In
sprngp the light detachng apparatus from The
weight at the instant Of detachment
These are not the only objections presume, however
they will be found sufficient in opposition 10 change
which does not present even one advantage 10 TINS dc
fectve apparatus applied Massey indicator which
depends upon the revolutions Of propeller wbee
abou. vertical axis, moving train OF cogs having ths
power of sefregstraton, heretofore rejected, for the
lead itself in descending. This rotation combines
with that Of the propeller shaped wheel and Is insepa
rabie from It, In the instrument used by the Arctic
the propeller shaped wheel placed out the
side OF the lead, the upper extremity. Now
TO show clearly this combination Of revolutions
II about point representing the vertical axis OF the lead
we describe circles with adj differing by tho dame
ter Of the propeller, the between them will repre-
sent the path pursucs the lead rcvoves aud as the
revolution of the lead these two circles to be de
scrbed In equal times, there will be more resistance "a
the pass age Of the outer than the inner blades Of tho pro
peller Hence the blades Of the propeller remain nearly
parallel to the plane while the revolution of the
lead is registered precisely absolute revolution %
the propeller would have been.
shall now show why The lead rotaes. AT the upper
extremity Of the rod before alluded TO two BY
which the sinker IL suspended; they are on Opposite sides
of the rod and not in the vertical plane. These
sounding line. They sustain tho weight sinScr
pended IRON them by second span passing boneath u.
the end Of the sounding rod passcs IT " an then ba'
from the end of the sounding line 10 the base Of the woh
beneath the centre OF gravity there IL system NJ 10
clned surfaces sufficient TO produce rapid rotation
Of the lead. In addition 10 this, there
less than three her Independent ofsmilar inter
ference with the functions Of the propeller shaped whco
viz the influence OF the propeller Itself and fixture,
the side Of the lead eccentrciy and irreyulary Of sur
IN of the eadthe exhibited st the Navy Depart
mcnt beng a very imperfect c,stlng deeply scored vi
crooked awsand the inf OF the twisted sounding
ne this last modified by the sp bcauon Of swivel above
the span.
As apostle quote in evidence of the nc, prsct,e
the experience and observation of Commander Bcrryman
xho, writing 10 Lieut. Maury from the United states brig
Dolphin in 1863, says ~ not esuabl he'd IN the bes
OF recovering The line at all, for evidently wits or
the absence of half the source. Of error which have Gu
nnmeraed characteristic of tho instrument n s ate
form. Moreover, this s tho testimony OF all who hav'
iced the movements Of the hDc In going out and d
coming In. But II the indicator could accurately
register he distance passed through the water by tn
lead that would bo the vertical DEPTH for the sl0v
de- cent Of the elopgated lead o. before remarked at
ributable ts deviation from the line of vertical
And this being the case with lead Of regular form, w1ai
follows when encumberec By Of pttes cogs rings,
springs, brac g. screws and puts projecting ont IN.
quarter VI the ead, acting a quarer-drag. When
consider ai these various errors lie in the
In different directions, the mpoesibility of correcting
soundings 30 made becomes APPARENT
For want Of other Information To the practical working
Of th ssOcaion or Instruments, refor 10 the report
Commander Bergman, pubhed In the Ndssosai fnieih
oncsr and the Nrw YoKK HK1up II is therein stated
hai in ,a,. ~ deg "a min " the Arc,cs soandipgs gave
10 fahorns although the best charts on boar recorded
rs faihoms. This, the commander, attribute
the means employed at the time that survey made
Now, " the OF such Instruments could be con-i
dered con-ant the only of determining the amounts
Of those oud be series Of careful experiment,
with each particular instrument, In depths ranging from
100 to beo faboms But the errors, have shwn,
be idered CONSTANT therefore Thu comparison with
records Of the best charts indicating an error Of 20 ~r
the entire depth, IS further available thai 70
show the doubtful character of the Practice.
Farhsr publications in the English papers dwell upon he
difficulties encountered In recovering The line. Indeed wa
ccnsdered necessary three paris OF line tor
In arg this question have granted sufficient yrlo
city Of descent to overcome practically the friction OF e
~ ofpller and Iva train Of ccgs.
~, IN Maurys "saing pirec'ions" seventh edi,s,o,
lac, viii be found tables showing s intervals o. lss
r,p, iof every 100 fashos with and with two thirty
NO pounds shot, (sman kne,) from mean Of sountngs,
by y. lee and Bergman, isd-2-3, the result d
tao voyages The line ABOUT 21cths inch in circln
ference. The rats in nautical miles follows
With 80 sth hundred 3 miles.
wHh two % oh % "
with one 81 9th
With two % 18th