davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The daily dispatch. [volume] (Richmond [Va.]) 1850-1884, 1857-07-31

WOMAN TARRED AND FEArHERED-The Winston
tConn.) Herald says that Que night last week sew
eral women i'll near the village of CoIebrook
river, having blacked their faces and otherwise
disguised themselves, proceeded to the house of
Mr.. Abiram Ives, about mile east Of the VILLAGE
took therefrom girl by the name of Mitchell of
some Is IS years of age, and having sheared her
head and other portions of her body, daubed her
with tar and feathers.~I 1t is moEa lately believed
that no women were engaged in the shameful cruel
outrage upon humanity deceucy and law but that
the perpetrators were men disguised in female
clothing. The apology for the transaction is that
the girl was shameless wanton: but we can I'M
agine no offence against decency so calculated to
dehle the conversation anil character of a comnlu-
nlty as this outrage upon girt especially if up
held or sanctioned in any degree by otherwise
respectable men and women.
The daily dispatch. [volume] (Richmond [Va.]) 1850-1884, 1857-07-31

LETTER from the Pacific port of Acajutla in San
Salvador, states that the cholera broke out in the
interior early last month and was raging fright
fully. eighteen or twenty deaths per day occurring
fn the Sons0nate out of population of about four
thousand. The panic occasioned by the presence of
this fearful scourge was already widespread. and
the natives from every direction were fleeing to the
mountains. At Acajutla, it WAS found almost i'm
possible to procure men to carry little freight on
board vessel in the harbor, although no case of
cholera had occurred at the port until the day Oh
which our informant left.
The daily dispatch. [volume] (Richmond [Va.]) 1850-1884, 1857-07-31

L T. COOK & CO, AUcTIoXEsRs,
l.. NJ. ~. MAIN STREET otI,r their services to
t- pubic a. Auctinne"rs for the sale Of Real Estate
F..4.iHrr. uU,ccrir=. Dry Gos,is Horses Cattle &c
NJ She shortrst notice ANA upon the most reasonable
G,rs-
Having lar Se and csmmpij1Bs roNms they will RI,
t. sis Ter sale q. l,rsPGr SIie without die charge
x -.IgaS".
u.t-s..r ~~r- 81 every description attended to up
on rtl- .fsa hip.taTrls.
T. L DDUh WM. MOTT
.g,r4.v,ru
The daily dispatch. [volume] (Richmond [Va.]) 1850-1884, 1857-07-31

LlBEL.-We learn that judah Pierce of this citv.
mas prosecuted the proprietors of the New York
tribune. Tor libel. The offence consisted in the
publcaton Of the notice of his recent arrest to-
Sethcr with q pretended history Of tho case and
the pretcnses used by Mr.. Pierce to procure tn.
goods We have already announced that Mr. Pierce
mas instituted suit against Messrs. Yelverton
Walker Co, fOrmalicous prosecution layina, hi.
damages at $50, 0,000.-.Syrdc,Ase Standard
The daily dispatch. [volume] (Richmond [Va.]) 1850-1884, 1857-07-31
FEMALE MusIcIANs.-Two INTEREST,".

FEMALE MUsICIANs.-Two interesting
looking females, resembling bags of cotton tied
in the middle, are grinding organs and gathering
pennies about the streets. One of the beauties j.
death on the tamborine, and the other sings a.
melodously as peacock when storm is rising
We are in favor of granting the largest liberty t.
women, but would have such these removed from
the streets az travelling pests, and locked up to
keep them out of mischief
The daily dispatch. [volume] (Richmond [Va.]) 1850-1884, 1857-07-31

little fellow, from 10 years old, having per
forated the knees Of his trousers intensely de-
lighted with patch his mother had, applied. He
would sit and gaze on it in state Of remarkable
admiration, and in one of these moods suddenly
exclaimed-'Grandma must put one t'other
knee and two behind, like Eddy Smith'sn
The daily dispatch. [volume] (Richmond [Va.]) 1850-1884, 1857-07-31

,ured. '' w 20
Es This School will not be kept on 9Th bstv,ee
iroad and Marshall streets heretofore but n ore
,ther locality on Shockoe Hill more remote fiuU
lst and End. ~ ~, 49,
The daily dispatch. [volume] (Richmond [Va.]) 1850-1884, 1857-07-31

A. reomr, 10y the month year, on the usual terms
in a central and pleasant neghborhoOd six or eight
gentlemen cal also be provided with meals, at the
regular prio" BY applying TO Miss BROWN at the
residence Of JS. Brown, jr, ON 1th street, between
HyaFSs and Franklin. Iy It's
The daily dispatch. [volume] (Richmond [Va.]) 1850-1884, 1857-07-31
V'O HOTEL KEBPERs. HEADS OF

Two HOTEL KEEPERS, HEADS OF
FAMILIES AND ALL OTHERS POSD or
IHE IL lkC KiEs OF LIFE.-SEMPLEs InnlIible
ne.ing Powiers the greatest preparation known for
max ng nwes. light and wholesoine Bread pudding.
anl Pastry Of all kinds trial will insure the r
% 'hein 10 any iamily forever IL sayiny Of time
ed'ihE % trouble and saving Of nnoney-three in,
alrpeh'blr savings 10 be fulfilled In these modern
tihles oi reform Fof sale wholesale aud retail by
Je22 Aarke, ,,I.rs p,anI RH.n,,
plCOTS AROMATIC WILD CHERRY
BIfTERS.-If YOU wish 10 Le reli.yo, - etot
he."ial he, hcidltY Of the stomach Nervousness Gs
n7r"l debility, aud complaints arising from Ui.oy
GERS oi The Liver and Stomach by all mean. nse
theae Bitsrs. Price 90 cents per quart bottle For
""o Dn'y w Il. J. piCOT.
- h"nggist.
n BBLS. New No. 8 Mackerel. for sale
W !y29 THOMAS JONES Il co,
The daily dispatch. [volume] (Richmond [Va.]) 1850-1884, 1857-07-31

The Honduras 0ccanic Railroad, it is said has
been completely organized in London. aud will pro
ceed at once locate and construct the road which
would open another Communication between the
Atlantic and Pacific. From the statements of the
company, it would appear that they were "little
short Of the amount necessary to complete the
road,
The daily dispatch. [volume] (Richmond [Va.]) 1850-1884, 1857-07-31

1t is said that it is not the intention of the Presi
dent to make foreign appointmentse ere the meeting
ry to MI existing vacancies, or those that may
cur.
Two little negroes. on the farm of Mr.. DeLyon
near savannah were bitten and killed by rattle
snake on Friday last.
Colonel Leon, Surveyor of the port OF Havana,
was robbed lately of very large amount~-nearly
$4,000 In gold and diamonds-by a hired servant,
"a free negro In whom he placed great confidence
The President left Washington Wednesday morn
ing for the Bedford Springs.
The daily dispatch. [volume] (Richmond [Va.]) 1850-1884, 1857-07-31
EDUCATION.
TEFFERSON MALE A7,,7I,S;,I;l; ACAnFlI;vl;

JEFFERSON MALE ACADEMY. 25TH
BETWEEN CLAY AND LEIGH STREETS
:HUKIH HlLL..The next session of this Institr'
tiOn VIII open ON MONDAY, September l4th and con
tInue Tor ten months.
Thorough instruction will be 1ven in the Classics
he Mathematics and the various English branches
"'rnce at the end OF the session 3d. 10 and 80 dol
lars. " "A ~ "0i
a limited number of smaller boys will be received
Il the rate of Sa1 per session
la all Instances 81 will be charged each pupil for
iuel anu IN all cases pupils will be charged from the
me they are entered to the end of the session. ex-
The daily dispatch. [volume] (Richmond [Va.]) 1850-1884, 1857-07-31

DPLoHATIsT "RuNNINa WITH THE MACHINE
Mr. StWckl, the Russian minister to the United
States with his wife. is said to be at his fayorite
summer resort in Newport. Like his predecessor
Mr. Bodisco, lie evnces. both by his marriage with
an accomplished daughter of Massachusetts,. and
by his associations aud manners the desire of his
government to preserve intimate footing with
our own. We understand that his success in fIsinu
with some Of our most popular institutions is a not
unrequent subject Of sefcOngratulation, and that
lie jochsely boasts that during the fifteen years
when he was dttach> of the legation, he was al
so member Of "A Washington fire company, and
"ran wild dc lantern
The daily dispatch. [volume] (Richmond [Va.]) 1850-1884, 1857-07-31
nEMnNAL-pr. PLUME has remove.
BOARDING. &c.

DROAU STREET HOTEL.-The Pro-
~ pli~tor of this old and popular HOTEL bcgs
leave inform his patrons and the public generally.
that hr il now having it tttei up in complete order
and i4 rra.iv 10 accommodate all who may give him
cal 40 tie best and most satisfactory manner li-
chambers well fitted up and airy, his harder and
cellar are supplied with the best Of every thing that
the markets AFFORD. and his table il inferior to no
other we'll kept Hotel in the State by dcEoting His
whole time to his business, aided by accomplished
h.-l-isnt~ aud accommodating servants, he feels
that he please even the most iastidiuu-.
II, l. also prvparcd 10 accommodate families and
others with BOARD, by the week or month aud
nos that the house has convenient private entrance,
80 Fl street for ladies, he believes that they Will
find accommodations inferior t. 40 other house.
Board by thu month S2i o.
The daily dispatch. [volume] (Richmond [Va.]) 1850-1884, 1857-07-31

GANAoS.-The Washington Star alleges that the
telegraphic account published having come by
the steamer Illinois from Nicaragua, that the
Chammorist party there had sent urgent requests
for the return of Walker to that country, was
"made out of whole CLOTH" evidently for the bene
fit ofthe sunken fortunes of iibusterism.
The daily dispatch. [volume] (Richmond [Va.]) 1850-1884, 1857-07-31
CONNOLLY 4 ADAMS

t1NVINEIDN MERCHANTS AVID AGENTS
PoE fHH SALE
VIRGINIA AND NORTH CAROLINA MANUfAC-
n RID TOBACCO
Es~ Llbrr5l ajvauccmeuts on consi2nIaonts. IA
ss5-tN \ ~ 4 ADAMS - Co0Bectcd with our house
I.vss 4 t.pssyLLY. RoET ". ADAMS.
The daily dispatch. [volume] (Richmond [Va.]) 1850-1884, 1857-07-31

LETTER FROM BRIGHAM YOUNG.-It is said on the
Avenue that yesterday the President received from
Brigham Young letter expressing qualification at
being about to be relieved from the labors and
cares OF federal office and pledged himself that the
Mormons will treat all the federal officers he msy
send to the territory we'll provided they prove to
be honest men, who attend only to the Legitimate
discharge Of their official duties His letter is fur
ther said to be replete with abuse of the returned
territorial United States functonares-9ay Of
Wednesday,.
The daily dispatch. [volume] (Richmond [Va.]) 1850-1884, 1857-07-31

BAD ST0CK.-Two of the most debased
and besotted women in the city of Richmond, Lucy
Adams, and her daughter Martha-were arraigned
before the Mayor yesterday morning on the charge
OF being disOrderly and keeping dsorderly house
These wretcbes inhabit shanty near the Wesley
Chapel in the Valley, and if reports be true con
duet themselves i'll the worst manner to be con
ceived OF. The exhibition of depravity by the
daughter, while in the presence of the Mayor, was
OF the most disgusting character. After hearing
the witnesses who appeared against them, they
were sent to prison. in default of bail for their good
behavior.
The daily dispatch. [volume] (Richmond [Va.]) 1850-1884, 1857-07-31


Of shutting off the steam of one of WOodworth's
planning machines at Yonkers, n. Y, it burst into
a thousand pieces, tearing and breaking everything
around it. The men in attendance OH the machine
had a very narrow escape from injury.
1t is bitter reflection to au industrious man to
be thought indolent when he cannot help hmself
and it is very wrong in those having plenty to
taunt the poor man for his poverty, and yet refuse
to help him
The celebrated Sismese twins have entered into
engagement with Col. Wood to exhibit them
selves for fye years in the Uated States Cuba and
Peru. portion of the families Of each will ac-
company them.
As a son of Maj. 0. NJ. Crutchfeld was approach
ing Fredericksburg last Monday, his horse sudden.
ly fell dead in the shafts
Mr.. John A. Elder. the artist il about to paint
placed in the Library of the Young Mems Chris
tian Association, at fredericksburg
A fashionable wedding took place in Havana on
the lSth--the son and heir of Count Fernandina,
welded Miss Serafna Montaloo. a beautiful girl
whose face was her fortune
The barn of Nathan Beider, Backs county, Pa,
was struck by lightning and burned, last Friday
As the stock WAS heavy the loss was considerable.
The foundry occupied by Walmsley L West and
owned by Malachi Horner, at Mulica Hill, n. j.,
was destroyed by fire, Friday morning last, with
its contents.
General j. Portes Brawley, il is stated, has ae-
eepted the place Of Sixth Auditof of the Treasury,
at the personal request of Presidsot Buchanan.
Dr. G. III. W. Davidson, native Of Maryland, was
murdered the 10th instant, in Hancock county,
Mississippi, by man named Henion.
The daily dispatch. [volume] (Richmond [Va.]) 1850-1884, 1857-07-31

CHANCE FOR PRoFITs-For several
mornings past We have noticed a number of fat
we'll grown pigs, feeding along Broad street ar
leisurely as if they in pasture. If the CITY
hands could manage to get hold Of these shoats,
Sc eral dollars might be added to the public treas
ury in a few hours thereafter.
The daily dispatch. [volume] (Richmond [Va.]) 1850-1884, 1857-07-31

A REGION OF ExTREMEs.--A letter from Lttleton,
y. H.. states that ''the thermometer ranges in the
middle OF the day from 90 10 81 in the shade" In
the winter they go in the opposite extreme, from
20 to II below zero.
The daily dispatch. [volume] (Richmond [Va.]) 1850-1884, 1857-07-31

The steamboat Augusta, well known on the Po-
tomac and James Rivers, and now owned by Capt.
Geo Mattingly, has been gotten OF the shore of
Cape Island by means of steam pump, and has
probably ere this arrived at Lewes, where she will
be- repaired.
The daily dispatch. [volume] (Richmond [Va.]) 1850-1884, 1857-07-31

THE CorToN CROP OF 1857 -'58.-The Mobile Regis
ter says:
We sincerely believe, from careful exanina-
zion of the reports from all the cotton growing
'"ctiohS, th&t the present growing crop will not ex-
coed 100000 or 3, 10000 bales
Our own information, says the Savannah Repnb-
lican warrants the belief that the estimate of the
Register is not far from the mark
The daily dispatch. [volume] (Richmond [Va.]) 1850-1884, 1857-07-31

FROM MExIco.-Late advices from Mexico, receiv-
ed at New Orleans, says that Comonfort is un-
elected President. The yellow fever IL
prevailing at Vera Cruz. The Mexican papers
full of surmises In reference TO the Spanish ques
ton
The daily dispatch. [volume] (Richmond [Va.]) 1850-1884, 1857-07-31
MISS PEGRAM's BOARDING AND

IVA DAY SCH0OL-The second session Of Miss
PEGRAH's SCHOOL will begin ON the LIST Of October
next and will end the afh OF June, las.
he COurse of instruction will be thorough and az
tensiye reaching from the elementary 20 the highest
branches of Education.
The English Department will be under the imme-
diate supervision of Miss PEaKAx She will also
sumo the Bellies Lettre Glass, for young Ladies wh
have left school.
Competent assistants will bs employed Ia eseA
department and French will receive especial attva-
ton.
Circulars containing full information concerning
the School may be had on application 10 Mrs. J. ".
PEfRAM Linden Square. Richmond.
Persons intending to enter Pupils requested 90
engage them without delay. 50 that arrangements
may be made for their accommodation.
jy2-dTu. ThkSat tlAug&wts
The daily dispatch. [volume] (Richmond [Va.]) 1850-1884, 1857-07-31
HURLEY RANKgR.

w ~ Main ST. opposite the St Charles Hotel.
Richmond, Va
D-,l-f is D3n'stic Exchange. Uncurrent BHnh
y .tr- Bs-fn"sa Paper and Marketable Securities OF
every irs, mn
LAND WARRANTS bought and sold.
The daily dispatch. [volume] (Richmond [Va.]) 1850-1884, 1857-07-31

MURpERoUs ONSLAUGHT BY MANAGING learned
yesterday the particulars of serious and tragic
occurrence in Oakland county on SUNDAY Last A
man by the name of Phillips, who resides on Sa
shaos plains, about twelve miles from Pontiac. had
oeen at CorunIla- under the charge of a physician
ms mind having become temporarily disor,Ierpd
rom lnteinperance and other causes He returned
nome on Saturday night last. apparently in his
right mind, without any signs of menta alteration
Fisiole' Ihe hrst symptoms of his returning ma.
lady We're on Sunday morning. When the Wifi
was milking, she heard large stone whiz past her
mead and looking around to see whence it CAME
"a" her husband rushing towards her with an axe
raised TO strike her. Before she could get ont of
MS way, he struck her a severe blow in the hock
between the shoulder blades infiicting deem and
trightful wound
she screamed for help. and hired man bninr
near by, sprang to her assistance, when Pbillips
turned upon him, striking him with the axe break
ing ms right arm and inicting some other serious
wounds son of Mr.. Phillips, some nine or ten
years OF age, here interposed to save the hired
man ~hep the maniac father turned upon his SON
Striking him heavy blow upon the head with the
axe breaking in his skull frightfully After these
demonstrations, he camed down somewhat and
was confined so rs TO prevent his doing any further
INJURY but is now raEng and hopeless maniac
our informant states that. on Monday morning
Mrs Phillips the hired man, and the SON. were ali
alive, but were in dangerous situation and it was
not expected they would survye.-Detron i3rer
ttSer, Jldy23
The daily dispatch. [volume] (Richmond [Va.]) 1850-1884, 1857-07-31

pbtTH5 BY EdGHTSISG.-We have from almost
every section of the country, accounts of deaths
from lightning The Pittsburg Gazette saws:
In our nei8hboring county of Washington. the
record OF destroying lightning which has come to
our notice is quite remarkable One single shower
which passed TO the south of us last Monday week
was accompanied with lightning which killed MIR
matthew Taylor, OF South Strobane township and
Mr VI Mlllen and Gardner Leonard. of West Alley
andria same county. A single stroke from tn.
same cloud killed 10 out of a flock of 90 sheen in
Cecil township, same county. Others not less nll-
merou' and almost fatal occurred in Greene
county and UP the Monongahala
The daily dispatch. [volume] (Richmond [Va.]) 1850-1884, 1857-07-31
PHILIP b. STANARD.
Il. V. BARGAMIN.

1t gives me great pleasure to recommend the Class
ical and Mathematical School OF Messrs STANARD
BARGAMIN. Messrs. :. Il b. are graduates of this
Institution, have been connected with il as Assistant
Professors and are entitled to the fullest condene
Of the public for their high intellectual and moral
qualifications. FRANCIS Ii. SMITH,
Superintendent V. A. l.
VRGIGIA MILITARY INSTITUTE
July 9th, 1851. jy 20-dSm
The daily dispatch. [volume] (Richmond [Va.]) 1850-1884, 1857-07-31

nR. JOIN &. WALTHALL. (HOMHPA-
~ THJ-Tl oGrrz hi- professional services to the cii
y-.n- 81 Richmond and its vicinity. Office on Main
s,ra1, opposite the Exchasgs Bank Residence (at
Rrc7~ati At Mr. g. K. P"akes sn Ross street, iew
do,is above &uo Richmond House. Jo l-6n
NOTICE. subscriber offers his SER
y wees 70 til. public rs Collector sf all kinds Of
G tiu.- au6 hupr~ by strict attention and prompt
turn. tU merit fair proportion Of business lie can
be round Al Ns--rs. Guddn a Apprrsons.
l.. II. LUCK.
Refer 70 Gniiiu & Apperson. Thos. Y. dudley, Lu-
tRrT LIh5r K. VI. Nunmu, K. -. H1~kins. Col. Thor.
+ Ausu-t. JsnE T.. Ballard, Horace L. Kent.
The daily dispatch. [volume] (Richmond [Va.]) 1850-1884, 1857-07-31

Ills WAY OF LOOKING AT IT.-Magistrate-'Wha
has brought you hear" Prisoner. Two Police
men, your honor" "1hen L suppose liquor had
nothing to do with t." "Yes, sir, they were both
drunk"
The daily dispatch. [volume] (Richmond [Va.]) 1850-1884, 1857-07-31
~
Day Boaricrs. by the month............,
BOARDING. -Boarders can obtain good

Believing that all viii nni the BROAD STREE
HOTEL desirable place of s,g"urnmcnt, he sDlici
n call iiuu all.
~ p4-j5tstt q " Y0IrSa
The daily dispatch. [volume] (Richmond [Va.]) 1850-1884, 1857-07-31
Brick MAKING is said TO be proftab,e

BRICK MAKING is said to be profitable
business in this city, and yet one is engaged in
it, as far can learn, who is not carrying ON
the work Of brick laying. The vast amount of fine
clay the city, should induce some one to ell
gage in the business at once, and thus the NO
cessity of sending to Baltimore to purchase bricks
THE FALL RACES at Warrenton, n. c.,
and Broad Rock, near this city, promise to be I'M
usually interesting, rs many fast ones, that were
taken up last spring, are moving dne We have
heard 1t rumored that Capt Becher iHtends to train
"Red Eye" in order TO run for the liberal purses
now advertised II this be 50, some of the cracks
will catch fits before they catch him.
The daily dispatch. [volume] (Richmond [Va.]) 1850-1884, 1857-07-31
SINGULAR BIRp pr1L-The Portland Adyertiser

SINGULAR BIRD DULL.--The Portland Advertiser
says:
Passing in the vicinity Of the garden of the Hon
J. VI. Wood our attention called to battle go
ing on, rather about ended between two birds
OF the species known the redeyed vireO. Pre-
sently one Of them few up into tree, leaving the
o,her motionless on the ground. We got over the
fence and picked up the conquered bird, and found
that his neck was broken. We have known severe
battles between other species OF birds, but had
looked upon the vireo rs of rather an inoffensiVe
disposition The redeyed viero is one Of the finest
singers that visit the shade trees and gardens of
cites his notes loud, measured, aud very
regular, and repeated sometimes without cessation
by the hour and often taken for those of the
robin.
The daily dispatch. [volume] (Richmond [Va.]) 1850-1884, 1857-07-31
Mr.. CARY's SCHOOL OF ANCIENT


A,A AND MODERN LANGUAGES, AND OF MA
fHEMATlCS, On GRACE, BETW ZEN 23rH AND
I6TH STS, RICHMOND. fA-1he next session vii |
open ON the st Of September next and will close on
The Goth of June. is5s.
Terms for the scholastic year Of ten mouths paya
bic semi-annually, in advance:
for tuition in Greek, Latin and Mathematics 49, so 90
For French, spanish and Itaiial each
extra). .,..... 20 90
For tuition in Higher knglish sublects....... tUuO
Primary hnglish Tor pupils under
lyears of age 2ooo
card, including washing, lights, fuel &C.. I25.U0
further particulars, address the under gned
hmond. Y Tginia- JNo CARY.
~ 2J-6w
The daily dispatch. [volume] (Richmond [Va.]) 1850-1884, 1857-07-31

NARROW EsCAPE.-Yesterday mornino
a. gentleman named Carter was riding along
Marshall street 6th his horse became alarmed
at the train of cars Broad street and rearing up
ell backwards greatly endangering the life of hie
rider. Mr.. c. finding that the animal was about
to fall jumped from his saddle just in time to pre
vent being crushed Ills escape was indeed a re-
marhable one.
The daily dispatch. [volume] (Richmond [Va.]) 1850-1884, 1857-07-31

FstNAIIN MATTHEWS.
DRIpGFORp & CO, General Commits
ID son aud Fsrwaldng Merchants. on the Dock
K.shia al. Va
,THE VIRGINIA TOBACCO WARE
HOUSE.
No. - FRONT STREET, NEW YORK.
The daily dispatch. [volume] (Richmond [Va.]) 1850-1884, 1857-07-31
LABoRING MEN are not ALWAYS apprec;-

DANCING STARs.-A getleman residing
near Fairfield, in Henrico county informs rs that
he witnessed a remarkable phenomen in the skies
last Wednesday night to which his attention was
attracted by small servant. Almost most due
west two stars appeared in clear place, unusual
~ close together aud began to revove around each
other very rapidly. first one remaining stationary
and then the other. if they wee taking lessons
IN waltzlng. lie says that his family and himself
watched them for more than half an hour, and that
when they retired to bed, the luminaries of the
night were continuing their dance. Whether the
lights observed were merely meteoric or whether
the apparent evolutions were caused by an atmos
pherlc Illusion we are unable to say. Perhaps
some of the wise men of the East witnessed this
dance among the stars and if so, will give an ex-
planation rs to the cause