New-York daily tribune. [volume] (New-York [N.Y.]) 1842-1866, 1857-05-12

1000, Mint the suout obtained remains unkno~n
70 the public. ..,,ar .,
find th. a very pleasant city, and the centeI o.
all that = Interesting in Eastern sioerls IL Il ue 'e"'
of karlipg, OF commerce, vi fashion OF wesItn' %
toer for this region and worthy OF crtIta anays'
The appearanc, in this remote region OF any ioregaei
womb create at least curiosity, and some Inqairy - a
H. ,.ives and object of the visit but being the lrsl
American who had visited this city with the exception
az Cant, Hudson, who brought out the steamship
America for Russian service az the AMOR, VINO a.
rived here overland from Ayan few days previous "
nv yi.it il excited unusual curiosity There Is much
:aI,h bsre ard great company Is talked Of 70 put
steam on the AmooT well "a ON the Lake bAAaL
Thsrs IL one steamer the lake. the ony onc W o.
IBERIA Of eighty horse power buht eight years nSe.
The machinery is German Al present tAe only way
Of procuring machinery Is overland uYh
berry some three thousand Eve hundred yersts distant
Ccal and iron abound here and, a. yet little mas oeel
done to develop them Iron is made, bat no macnin,
erv Within a few days | shall 20 "a kyachta anu
Na-mattchin to attend the annual TAR Is Is dis.an'
from this city, in southeast direction, about hve
hundred and ffty yersts. The Baika Lake u now
frozen ard the whole distance will be performed IN
sleigh, with po-t-hOTses.
- take the Liberty of mentioning, as Il may NOT DC
upipterest the system OF posting in Russia, having
had a good opportunity 10 observe II from Moscow 10
this city distance Of over Eve thousand verss, and
some twelve degrees more OF longitude thsn from
Boston 10 Astoria. ~
+" This system Of posting was originally established
nv The government for its own sole purposec-6r,t
strictly military then followed the mail for the pubic,
and finally for the Use of travellers There from tnis
place to Moscow two hundred and ten stations, a.
which six troy kshs eighteen horses are contracted
for by the government carry the mall twice week,
at three hundred rubles each troykah' per year
The stations were originally built by the government
and a postmaster appointed TO reside al each ms
arrangement compels the contractors TO furnish the
mail with the necessary horses and vehicles, the
horses at all other times with the exception Of one
troykah which must remain always for the dispatch
Of government cOures arr at the command OF raV-
elers, who carry what is called pardaroshus 'hst
H. an order by the government on the postmasters
10 furnish certain number of borses Tor TINS pa
daro,hua;' the government receives, when delivered
70 YOU, one-half OF coPecte Nerst per
horse for the distance you are to travel o!
post This order, besides being an absolute
command on the postmaster to furnish tue
horses which are required, authorizes them, IN case
the post horses employed in the transportation
Of the mail 10 procure cOmmanGl otheE horses nou'
the peasants of the villages. The system IN Russia Il
yery COM lete and to work well ana IA worthy
of Consideration bv our Government ID case post
road be established from our western frontier 10 Ca
ifornia. The distance from Moscow to TINS cry Is
- I3S versts;" the verst being two-thirds OF our
mile will give 3, i26 mies; this II accomplished
urd,r ordinary circumstances, in - to ~ days
by Government couriers in 10 or ~ day, ordIna
ry in 10, II Is days. There are 2io stations OF
changes of horses thus gives the average oil - N'rs'
IA the sation-that is each relay of horses has 10 run
l62 miles Now, the Government pays TO the con-
tractors 800 rubes silver, SS25, fJr each "uoykah
three horsesl-thal il, 800 ubles TO each station Tor
the service of the mail; this multiplied by Nv VIII
give for carving the mails from Moscow Ia lrkousk
37SCCO rubles $2S3, 0O0 The regulations posted IN
the stations give the passenger the right TO travel eight
yerss per hour in the FALL twelve In the Winter and
ten in Summer this rate Of speed you have right to
enforce; as to the cOurers, they make all that the
horses are capable Of and as many as - horses have
been driven TO death in going once over the route;
The Government pays a stipulated puce Tor the dead
horses-tsrcrtv-rc rvbCs each. One Of the most SIM
guar atures this route from Moscow, such an I'M
mense distance such an nmence waste Of country
is the fact that il occurs less than haa-dozen times
that the change of horses does not take place In CITY,
town or village | have no hesitation IN saying that
passed thr. ugh between this place and Moscow tve
Hundred cities towns and villages. This, OF course.
has been the work Of time and strong government,
because villages are made by imperial command. But,
nevertheless there much to be learned IN this re-
spect and il might be Of real service TO US IN solving
the problem 10 poe-road being the drdnt courier
of the Pacific railroad 10 unite the Mississippi with the
Pacific ocean. In performing the journey myself, 1
employed over seven hundred horses, because irS-
quently had four, and sonetsnes i've, to my seighi
his with the two hundred and ten drivers and hfeen
additional posiillions-say two hundred and twenty-five
drivers-at a cost Of three hundred and twenty-five
rublts for oykah, or about eight cents per mile
The proper time 10 60 10 Cheta will be before the
breaking up of Winter, otherwise the journey would
be- much longer and more difficult shall remain IN
theta, or N that region, PROBABLY tu may dCCOiuihS
TO the best information to be gained at this time, when
the first expedition for the will embark upon
the Amoor for Nicolaef. | visited to-day the Nu-
scum which is also the depot of mineraogical Snd
geographical knowledge. The mineral richness OF
this country Judging irUIn the specimens exhibited,
truly wonderful. The department of antiquity Is also
interesting; and as TO antedluvian remains, no
country possesses 1.-THE of what this does.
There are many varieties of fish in Lake Baikal,
but particularly very singular species ms hsi
t.ta kQh nah
has never been seem the fish is quite mass of fat
from which the inhabitants make quantities OF OIL,
which is used for domestic purposes. Bitamen or
asphalt il also thrown up from the depths OF the lake
ard cast upon the shores from which alo, oil is very
readily obtained The shocks of earthquakes are fire.
quent but do no damage.
4" saw Yesterday q Greek priest who han been
some years in Pekin, China. egave me some inter
esting information, particularly concerning the tsae
and products of Northern China, Mongolia and Man
choora The northern portion Of China, north OF the
Yellow River produces no tea but much silk There
is course but excellent Kind OF silk produced
which is much esteemed for mems garments. The
worms are fed on species Of oak peculiar TO the
country. This silk il produced in large quantities,
and a dress or robe of It, such AZ Ii worn by the
priests, will last ten years. The Russian mission Is
con posed OF ten persons never more, but may De less
by death or other They reside within the City
oi PeLin near the imperial palace have a Chinese
guard of honor but are perfectly free and unrestricted
in their movements This priest had been to Canton
overland. The Chinese have schoOl Vi tNenty-iOui
Young men, taken from the children Of those who are
descendants Of the COssacks made prisoners At the
capture Of Albasn. ON the Amoor River, In ltSO in
the ar with Russia, and who were removed to fekini
these boys are taught the Russian language, and any
document coming from Russia is sent to this school to
be rendered into Chinese, a. well rs such Russian
books or writing Of the contents Of which the Emperor
wishes TO be informed.
1.-THE steamer America has made the passage from
Nicolaef mouth OF the Amoor, 10 Again. through the
straits north Of the AMOR, into the Okhotsk sea
This has heretofore been considered impractlcabie.
is reported that there are fourteen feet of water on the
bars Twenty-Five feet is found in Tartaryi but the
a.. nfs ba "A