New-York daily tribune. [volume] (New-York [N.Y.]) 1842-1866, 1857-06-12
utSCFIIANEOUS.

- ers then proposed and carried and after vote
If tbark. 10 the Chairman, the meeting separated
MISCELLANEOUS.
The ATLANTIC TELEGRAPH.-Ihe BRUSH DoVerl''
mer has very generously offered the Directors OF the
Atlantic Telegraph Company another steamship eTual
to the Aeamemnon 10 take the place OF the Niagara,
to assist in laying the Atlantic cable
MoSsrER DRrM.-Among other appliances "hlep
have been sought 10 augment the musical enc H "
approaching Handel festival : monster Gruhn 'ie
largest of is kind we are informed, that mas oeeh
Constructed. The Committee having heard that sAn
ft for a drum-head OF unparalleled size, was I'D tue
sou Of Mr. Di-tn the musical lnstT ument MAKER
at commissioned ts construction, more as an eA
pertinent than with any certain conviction OF It's ut!
In the orchestra. The result exceeds their most san
rune expectations The tone Is full and resoundlhg,
ana more resembles that Of a deep bourbon organ
nine both in quality ard continuance, than that OO-
famed from an instrument of percussion. The vora-
,ion continues after the drum has been struck TOR
nearly minute and for longer period It's pusatonS
are distinctly perceptble at short distance. Inc
diameter is between six and seven feet the frame
aid IN contain 800 pieces Of mahogany, adrOty joined
in manner best adapted 10 secure strength ana free-
dom from warning. The instrument Is as much under
tuning control as a smaller drum. ~
TpT TrLrGRAPH TO New SOUTH WNES.-A Sc
loot Committee appointed by the Legislative Councl
of New South Wales 10 inquire into the pracucaolAy
of establishing a Geographic communication between
that colony and Europe has made ls report ana pun
l.
The evidence goes 10 show that the best way would
be 10 connect sydney aud London by way OF PORT
Essineton, Singapore Rangoon, lndla ana Tue Eu
inmates There would be no submarine cables De-
tween England and the Indian Archipelago, except
across the British Channel and the BoSphorus. The
co,t Of constructing telegraph between sydney ana
Port Essngton distance Of ,SOO mles Is estimated
AT 100 eco and the annual cost including interest ON
the outlay j. estimated at 95J.UOO per annum. III
was considered by some of the witnesses who gave
evidence that if there established telegrapnc
communication between Australia and Europe, tue
gayment of an enormous subsidy 10 ah Aus.dl.au
mail steam packet company could be dispersed Wlth'
II was considered also by witnesses that European
nations who have possessions in the Pacific are inter-
ested in the extension OF the Telegraph to Austfaha
and that they mgbb expected TO assi'tn lis es'ao
CyXsrs or NEW South WALEs.-We have re-
ceved some further details of an interesting character
with respect TO the of this colony, when was
taken early last Summer. The total population Oh me
coony i 966 Geo. il GLIDING AZ coo males and ll9O5O
females giving preponderAnce in favor of the former
EEK Of no less than 5000. OF the inhabitants, aP-
pears that barely third, or ll3,OOO, were born 10
Australia while 0f the remainder England and W ales
sunnlird "A 9OD. Ireland 30 1907 Scotland, $1,000;
GERMANY $500 and China 500 The metropolis
sydney, il is stated, contains no less Than ll0:O
houses ard its population, including the suburbs -
about 50 coo. NATL nd stands the next In rank, with
IL 300; then comes Bathurst with 1900; Goulburn,
COO Brisbane $3.50: and Windsor, :, 100. With
respect to religion, the Church OF England has de-
cided majority embracing l32OOO, or more than one
third Of the whole population; the Church OF Rome Is
the next counting $500 Presbyterians, q 700 and
Protestant Di.seTters ID 600. With respect 10 the
professional or other occupations OF the inhabitants
tie returns somewhat defective, Tor we 1nd that'
with resuec TO as large proportion "a l52VOO no ac-
count il rendered; but of the remaining lli,O0O, 1t
appears that the law claims ~ followers medicine
.93, divinity al, and other professions IA. Inc
p6upers. meaning, we should conclude, disabled III
finn or unatics 2lO In mining pursuits tdere were
engaged 500 persons; in agriculture, l0,l0Oi graz
ing 1880; and in domestic occupation l6,IO
Australian and New Zealand Gazeee.
CoxvrRsIov OF STEHL.-Atthe meeting of the Man
chester Society ofArts, Wednesday evening, May "a
Mr. w Farbairn, +. X. s.. in the chair, MIR: Z. Binks
ri paper On some combinations and phenomena
that occur among the elements engaged IN the
"manuiacture Of iron, ard IN the conversion OF IRON IN
"to steel" The author began by reHarking that tie
generally received theory OF the formation aud cOmpo
sion Of steel not perfectly satisfactory Carbon
had been generally considered the only element essen
tal to the conversion of iron into steel al other mat
ters that analyses have detected in il in minute quaint;
ties had been looked upon az foreign aud accidental
oLy In this light the small portions of nitrogen aud
manganese sometimes detected had not been regarded.
In attempting throw any new light upon ths subject
some suggestive facts might be discovered among the
ordinary processes employed by the steel makers
The very old practice of using feuocyanide Of potas-
sum agent OF conversion was worth consideration
This compound contained nitrogen and potassium, as
well a. carbon Mr.. Bnks then proceeded to give the
details Of series Of experiments made by exposing
commercial MALE able iron Ia the action OF various sub
staseee at high temperature and far as these trials
extend, there has always been cooperation of both
carbon and nitrogen whenever steel has been produced
though it still remains TO be determined whether this
is absolutely necessary TO its formation. II also
remarkable that various heterogeneous Matters such
horn and leather shaviDgs animal charcoal and other
substances, were commonly used either in the maui
faoture in the tempering of steel. Mr. Bnks then
gave an account of some anaiys SEES made by himself
which proved that the best kinds of steel contain about
Oneh per cent of nitrogen, the general results OF his
experiments tending TO show that the substances
whose application to pure iron convert 1t INTO steel all
contain nitrogen and carbon, or that nitrogen has ac
cess 10 the iron during the operation that neither car
bon nitrogen, used separately converts iron into
steel but thar il is essential that both nitrogen and
carbon should be present. That nitrogen as well as
carbon exists substantially in steel after it's conversion
and that this if the real cause of the distinctive phys
cal properties of steel arc iron in which latter these
elements do not exist. That presumptiyey, but not
demobstrativey the form of combination is not that
Of eyanogen though that compound plays so Import
ant part in conversion but is apparently that OF
triple alloy of iron, carbon and nitrogen. With re-
gard 10 improvements in the present system of manu-
facuIe, Mr.. Binks of opinion that the most ex
tensive Of cyhnOgen compounds was highly i'm
porant and he drew particular attention to the fact
that these compounds might be economically formed
in the ordinary operations Of the blast furnace and at
the time mi ht subserve the purpose of purifying
the metal and cony ertng it into steel.