davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1857-04-22
THE VERY LATEST.
TURKEY.

The Turkish Gazette announces the formation Of
permanent diplomatic mission ct st. Petersburg.
Although the Gear has always had representative
at the Court Of the Sultan, there never has been
resident Turkish minister at st. Petersburg. A
large steam navigation company has juzt been
formed. It is intended to connect with Constantine
pie by regular steamers not only all theaBlsck Sea
ports, but also those Of the Mediterranean. far
west as Genoa. Ten steamers viii be ordered IN
England immediately.
THE EAST.
The Indus arrived at Southampton on the 9Th inst.
with the heavy portion of the India and China mails
Amongst her cargo is specie valued at $1,000.
At Loyds ON the 9Th inst insurance premiums
of ten guineas and fifteen guineas were paid upon
a portion Of the gold by the Oneida The out
ward Australian mail. The Etna, arrived at South.
ampton last night. She should have brought the
first Australian mail due for some time past at Suez
by the Oneida, but has returned without it in order
to be in readiness for taking out the next mail Of
the 18th inst.
FINsBCRY COLLECTION PETITION.
Mr.. Edwin James has been retained to appear
IN support of the petition against Mr. Coxs return.
The Times says that Lord Palmerston must not be
surprised IL the nomination Of Mr.. Pelham to the
Bishopric of Norwich is rather sharply criticised
coming, too, Is it does Immediately after the ele
walton of N. Vilhers and Bickersteth, asorib-
ed with theirs to the influence Of Lord Shafts
bury, who has apparently selected them because
they are all strong sdherents of particular party,
besides being connected with the peerage. The
Times suggests that little more variety in our
Bishops might be useful.
The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1857-04-22
Army Intelligence.

The designations Of Captain Patterson, Ninth infantry
and Lieutenant Patterson, Sixth infantry, have been &C.
ceped by the President Of the United States take effect
March ], 1861 Aso the resignation Of Assistant Surgeon
Byme, medical department to take effect oc, H. 1857
The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1857-04-22

ampes the white of Europe the Mongols Of ASIA
the blacks Of Africa, and the aborgines Of America.
a. That the types Of man. belonging 70 these realms
tedate all human records by thousands Of years.
ancient the Faunas Of which each forms ORIGINAL
element.
That the types Of separated by specific oha
racters well marked and permanent those which
designate the species of other genera
g. That the climate of the earth may be divided into
physical and medica and that each species Of man. hay
ing its own physiological and pathological laws, is peculiarly
affected by both climates.
T. That no OF man be regarded as cosmopoite
but that those which indigenous TO attitudes in
ermedate between the and poles approach nearer
to cosmopolitan than those of the arctic the torrid zone
That the assertion that any has, ever
can be, assimlaed to all physical or all medical climates
Is hypothesis unssained by a single historical fact, and
opposed TO the teachings Of natural history.
Chapter five is by Geo. R. Gliddon, on the Monoge.
nists and Polygenists, being an exposition of the
doctrines Of schools protesting to sustain dogmati
caly the unity or the diversity of human races,
with an inquiry into the antiquity of mankind upon
earth, viewed chronologically, historically, and
palaonotogicaly. This chapter is illustrated with
our wood cuts. 1t is mastery exposition of the
arguments respectively adduced in favor of the
unity or diversity of human origin. Mr.. Gddon
protests against the outrage perpetrated upon the
venerable Humboldt, by which his authority in the
question has been completely faladed. The chapter
commences with an extract from the French trans
ibsiOu VI SOoAhoos CAPAO ScAAS M tuOuS
emphatic language, the impossbility Of deriving
any positive knowledge from traditions in regard to
the origin of mankind. This passage, bearing per-
haps upon prejudices now generally current in
England and the United States, has, in the transla
ton of Mrs. Sabine, wife of Lieut. Col. Sabine, Fo-
reign Secretary of the Royal Society of London,
undertaken in compliance with the wish of Baron
Humboldt" been completely suppressed.
Mr.. Gliddon quotes approvingly the authority Of
Berard, q French professor of physiology
cannot suppose that mind disengaged from preu-
dces and from hndrances, which certain extra scientific
considerations might interpose liberty OF thought
entertain doubts upon the primitive plurality of human
types
The authority of D.. Prosper Lucas, who says
The psychological diversity Of is thoroughly de-
monstrated as their physiological.
And that of Mr.. Blanchard, who, supported by
Dum0ntier says
We will say once, that 10 eyes there exist diff
erent species Of that these Species very proxmate
TO each other form natural genus, and that these
ces created in the very countries in which we find
them present En- resume the creation OF mankind
have taken place upon nntude Of points the
globe and not upon single point, whence they hav
spread themselves, little by little, all the surface
the earth
In this connection the following table Of chIonoc
gy is inserted
CHEvALIER BUNsEN's CHRONOLOGY.
The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1857-04-22

The kussian Railways.
The prospectus OF the Russian Railways Company
las been published in La Presse. We extract some
pssssges:-
The company has for It's object the construction
- vast network of railways, the hines Of which
have been combined In such manner a. TO satis-
The most immediate and Important require
4. The line from ST. Petersburg TO wasaw, with
branch towards k9nigsberg, kiloe. .....1, 249
.. The line from Kursk or Orel 70 Libau. L ,227
4 The line from Moecow TO Mini Novgorod e. al
potal ...................... ..4le2
nodiSed BY the dennitive tracing Of the lines
glance at the map shows the importance of
these hpee the object Of which is 20 the
veysnce Of thoee articles which the chief neoes
sasies Of he throughout the interior, the eXporta
ssn Of agricultural produce, and the importation Of
bpeign products, ct the same time that they will IA
sfitase the movement Of the population In those
parts where II is most dense.
In iAet the north Of Russia IL partly covered with
ssests; the soil soes not produces in sufficient guam
nnes The corn required for the support Of the popu-
anon. Ibe oentrsi provinces, around Moscow, are
zsnuIsctanns, and their soil likewise " incapable
- iurnishing suihcient food for the inhshtantA
yursner soutb. On The contrary, there Ia an imnsnse
ben o. lands OF uncommon fertility the region of
ne black SOILS" Lastly, towards the south, come
VIC ssppes where the greater part Of the cattle are
yeared that are destined for tie oonsumption of
Rossia- ~
Nov, sitting aside the line from st. Pesersburp 70
Warew, which has ts special destination a. An IN.
ternstional line connecting the capital with the
European system Of railways all the other lines
have been combined with view 70 favor In the
highest degree home and foreign trade the ne ,ess.
tiee Of the first are shown by the enormous differ
enees In the prices OF breadstnns, which fetch low
prices where they are grown, At time when scarcity
v severely felt In the northern provinces; the actual
importance OF the second In 70 be measured by the
fact Of one mipiard Of francs changing hands for
the value Of goods. mos Of these cumbrous weigh.
fne shout 800 900 tons fts future importance il
limited only by the wants Of Europe with respect
90 wood, corn, oleaginoue grains and seeds skins,
wool, taIlow, FAX, hemp &c.
The line from Moscow TO Njui-Novgorod con-
pecb The industrial or manufacturing capital Of
the empire with liz principal mart, celebrated
tor tbe extensive transactions that take place
there At the annual fair; u places the Voga, Q
nswgable artery of 5000 kilometres, and situated
snnrey outside the territory which peculiarly be
phge 70 the conceded network Of railways, in com
@ua a.n With Moscow by the shortest line Of
J"n,.'on. large traffic IL secured for t.
~ souhern line connects MOSCOW with Theo-
1913 Nnana), the test natural hsrbor OF the Black
wnete commerce will fad the facilities and &C
eon"oosuon which are wanting at Odessa Be
sloes, communicates with the latter city through
ise "A'elne psr OF the Dneiper and the sea, II
The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1857-04-22

cents which said shall b received n Hou G "
other fees now required by law 70 DO paid ne said clark
visions Of this act, are hereby repealed. - -
Sec. Q. This act shall take effect Immediately.
The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1857-04-22
In this connection the following table Of chronicle
gy is inserted
CHEvALIER BuNsEN's CHRONOLOGY.

Origin of mankind. 10000
Flood in Northern Asa-Emigration Of the Arians
from the valley Of the Oxus and Jaxartes and Of
the Shemites from the valley Of the Tgris and
Euphrates-between 10000 and II 900
EyJnan (provnces) under republican form 10 900
bic at about. 1000
End of the republican phase in Egypt ....... 9.Os6
Byts the Theban LIST Priest king ............ 90S5
End of the Priest kings. -. 1921
about this time Nmroi, and Turanian empire
Elective kings in Egypt FROM. go to s4l4
double empire, from. Pr ~ - lIa to 1924
Menes, King of United Egypt. b. c. 1923
Great ChaIdaean empire begins in Baba-
iona NEUTRALITY-SUSPICIOUS.. oie5
ISroaster, between .35OO and '" pOO
Foundation Of Bal ylon.. ................ Z" $3.50
Tyran chronology begins. .............. 276o
Exodus OF the Israelites. ............. 1890
Semiramis ..............,.....l213 u &" 100
Solomon's era ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS. Jolt
The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1857-04-22

of Constitutional piabiity which gables them " bear
great changes o. bmpra,uro or mu.oe' h anu %
hcrmometrcal range support best the extremes Of other
lsttndcs, whether hot or cold. The Is
raee may be recognised anywhere but not so with the
scandinavian and his descendants in the tropics. The lat
ter becomes tanned emactaed, debilitated his counte
nance. energy. everything undergoes change. .
The pure white man carried the tropics dctcroraes
both In mind and body the average DURATION OF his life -
cssened, and without fresh imporiatens his race won
Ian time become extinct When, however, hts Descendants
taken back 10 their native chimes they revert
to the bealthfu standard Of their original types;
the latter may have been distorted, but can never
be lost except in death Major General Bagnod OF the
Honorable East India Comuanys service veteran who
now, with his family in London practically carries into
effect half century Oriental experience states that the
oldest purely English regiment in India, the Bombay
Tufts Notwithstanding that marriages with British ema
are encouraged, has been able, from the time n
Charles the second the present hour TO rear from births
the corps boys enough supply It's drummers and hfcrs
The same rule holds good with the Dutch in Batavia and
other Indian islands Their children when of pure blood
In health are weakly when half caste, Whore,
half produced by the union Of south (dark Euro
pcens with ncgresses or squaws, harder animal appears
o u law VIZ Of climate Unlike the white man his compleSio
undergoes no change by climate. While the white l.
darkened by the tropical sun, the nceis never banched
IN the slightest degree by residence In northern attitudes
Natural history teaches US that the white
and black races for example, distinct species. Well
ascertained varieties Of given species however widely
scattered, may exchange habtatons with comparative inn
puniy while the contrary general rule, each spo-
cies Of genus has its prescribed geographical
The following are the conclusions derived by the
writer from the very interesting facts brought TO-
gether in the chapter
That the earth Is naturally divided into geological
realms, each possessing climate, Fauna and Flora,
cusively liz
2 That the Fauna Of each realm originated in the realm
and that has no consanguinity with other Faunas.
g. That each realm possesses group OF human races,
which, though identical in physical and intellectual
characters, closely allied with another and are
disconnected from all other races. We may cite,
The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1857-04-22
The Advance OF Interest by the Bank OF
England.

49,. rIom the London Globe, April ~
must not be forgotten that The course taken by the
Rank OF England is determined by the state of te ex.
changes ON view confirmed by the observation Of the
s'ae " money matters on the Continent and glance at
me oi e latest signs Of u,at condition will satisfy US
va, ,ne oahk y completely justified In any progressive
ecauuoiH mat u has taken may take The new step
70 roughy consistent not only with the rccngn zed
lhcipes 81 monetary administration but with the latest
81 ecedcnts 10 The conduct Il The bank itself that was
me raising 81 The rate 81 discount loans on
the deposit q stock one half above to ra,e n, i,ns
on commercial security, means that the bank gives
Preference ~ accommodation Of trade rather than
speculative dealings And for the very best of reasons
Speculative dealings are admirable incentive through
the self interest Of individuals obtain the best currency
and price for public securities and England would no, be-
The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1857-04-22
Another Angio-Afrscsn Expedition.

An expedition under the charge OF DR.. w. B. Bal
kie, surgeon, r. N, has Just been sanctioned by the
Engish treasury, and Will be composed, aays the
United Strcioe Gdxeffs, of the following naval Of
fcers In addifion:-Lieutenant John II. Clover Mr..
Daniel j. May, second master; and Mr.. Francis w.
Davis, assist ant surgeon. DR.. Baikie proceeds 10
Sierra Leone by the next African mail, where he
win remain until the arrival Of q steamer 10 assist
him In his operations. The object Of the expedition
h TO penetrate into the interior 0 Africa for com
mercial purposes DR.. Baikie has been very liberal
ly supplied withva1Gls articles for barter and for
presents 10 the chiefAepd natives The whole Of the
above named of'iceswill receive q salary equal 10
double full pay, in addition 70 their balfpay, and
viii be supplied with chronometers, instrumcnts
and books, by the admiralty. We understand the
return OF the gallant explorers may be looked for in
about two years. at which time we hope 10 have the
grsnhcanon Of learning they have successfully
achieved the object OF their undertaking.
The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1857-04-22

The New Russian Tariff.
Ne suhjoined shows the new Russian tariff, a.
sAReially proposed. For facility Of comparison we
S6o append the old scale of duties
Worcester daily spy. [volume] (Worcester [Mass.]) 1850-1888, 1857-11-30
Arrival Of lhe Fulton OF Cape Race.


The steamship Fulton, from Havre Nov. II,
and Southampton Nov. Is, was intercepted
of Cape Race at three o'clock p. m. of Nov.
IS. She has seventy one passengers, and
5000 900 in specie, and very large and val
liable cargo of French merchandise.
The financial advices brought by the Full
tod. although not so exciting as those of the
Vanderbilt four days previous, are neverthe-
less of absorbing interest. s5a
The good effects of the suspension, by order
of the government, of the Bank Charter Act,
were still showing themselves everywhere
throughout Great Britain.
The money market at London, and at the
other central points, was firmer than at the
sailing of the steamers Vanderbilt and Amer
lea on the I4th, and the demand for discount
at the Bank of England, was less pressing.
Several prominent houses had been COM
PEELED to suspend payments, but none of them
in the American trade.
Consols under the improved feeling in f.
nancial circles, had considerably advanced,
and closed on the afternoon of the 18th inst,
at SO 10 SO 5-8, for money.
The breadstuffs market at Liverpool and
London, and throughout England, continued
exceedingly dull, and quite panic prevailed.
The prices were nearly nominal, even for
choice qualities, while inferior was totally
unsaleable.
Worcester daily spy. [volume] (Worcester [Mass.]) 1850-1888, 1857-11-30
so, IS , z.

NICARAGUA.-We have received the z!
Centre Amerieano Of Granada, to Oct. 81 and
the Gazette official of Nicaragua to Oct a.
Ihe Gazette contains declaration of war
against Costa Rica, which states that the
government will procure its rights to the
whole line of transit from San Juan del Sur,
as well as to the district of Guanacosta.
another decree III the same paper, names Don
Oregoro Juarez and Don Rosali Cortez, es
chlets IN charge of the government, during
the time the General Martinez and Zeres take
charge OF the army. Don Marcano Alvarez
is named as Secretary of War. Gen. Tomas
Martinez has been appointed commander.in-
chief the army.
A letter is published from Col F. CAVITY
no date or place-calling on Col. Segundo
Cltasesma, commander of the fort of ssh Car
los, to surrender in the name of the Costa
hIcan government. In case of non. compli-
ance, his orders are to blockade the fort and
starve it out.
Report says that Col. CAVITY is on the lake,
IN one OF the steamers, and that he has been
hred upon by the Nicaraguan forces.
1t is also SAID that Mr.. Carey Jones, who is
in Granada, supports Nicaragua in its resist
ance to the claims of Costa Rica.
a secret order of Col. Totten, to the effect
that the Panama Railroad Company would
demand payment in American coin, OF its
equivalent, has created considerable excite
ment at Panama, and public meetings have
been held tG denounce Col Totten's conduct
to the president of the company. Col I. is a
passenger in the Northern Light, and will
therefore be present to defend his acts before
the company.
The Aspinwall Courier has ceased to exist.
Worcester daily spy. [volume] (Worcester [Mass.]) 1850-1888, 1857-11-30
warm Nyeather a. rle West.

CINCINNATI, Nov. 2S.-The weather here
is clear, and the thermometer marks 81. 1t
Is too warm for packing hogs.
OswEao, N. Y, Nov. 2S.-The weather
here today has been mild, clear, and pleasant.
DETROIT, Nov. 28.-The weather here is
mild and it is thawing fast. The ice at the
mouth of the river is reported as having given
away.
The indications this evening are, that the
large fleet of vessels detained in the river will
be able to get into Lake Erie tomorrow or
Monday. Seven propellers arrived here from
Chicago today. and report that many vessels
are ashore ON Lakes Huron and Michigan.
CHICAGO, Nov. 2S.-The weather here is
mild and pleasant.
New YORK, Nov. 28.-The weather here
for the past two days has been very clear, and
mild, and pleasant. .,..
New York, Nov. 29-9.SO P. M.-The
weather today has been exceedingly fine, and
very mild, and is about the only indian Sum
mer we have had this Fall. The frost has en-
tirely disappeared from this vicinity, and the
resumption of canal navigation to Buffalo is
considered quite probable,
Worcester daily spy. [volume] (Worcester [Mass.]) 1850-1888, 1857-11-30
TWO WEEKS
TWO WEEKS
LATER FROM CALIFORNIA.
Arrival of the Daniel Webster nj New
Orleans
HALF A MILLION OF SPECIE.


New ORLEANS, Nov. 2S.-Steamer Daniel
Webster, from Havana 25th inst, arrived at
this port today. She brings half million in
specie.
The steamer Northern Light left Havana
for New York on the same day as the Daniel
Webster, with California dates to the 9Th in
slant. and nearly two millions in specie.
The news Of the loss Of the Central Ameri-
ca caused feeling OF gloom in San Francis
co. The courts adjourned and meetings were
held, OF which the Pacific Mail Steamship
Company were denounced.
The supposed accounts of Indian depreda-
tons in Carson Valley were greatly exagger-
ated.
Further accounts from the plains confirm
the belief in the completely of the Mormons
In the late massacre Of the emigrant train.
The papers say that an efficient army could
be raised in California to proceed against the
Mormons.
Mr. Harasphy, the late refner at the Mint,
has been indicted for embezzling 100000
The news that Luther s. Chureh's drafts
were protested in New York, caused run
upon them, which compelled them to close.
Several attachments have been put upon the
house.
There was also run upon Tallant & Wilde,
and several other houses, but none of them
closed.
At the time the steamer sailed, accounts
from the mining districts were favorable.
Worcester daily spy. [volume] (Worcester [Mass.]) 1850-1888, 1857-11-30

The death of Sir James Boswell isan-
nounced. He was the only son of Sir Alex
ander Boswell, who in his turn was the only
son of James Boswell, the friend and biogra-
pher Of Johnson. BY his death the Boswell
baronetey becomes extinct.
sa James Copeland, sentenced to death
at Augusta, Mise, for the murder of ]. A.
Harvey, had benin the county Jail ten years,
but STAYED off his sentence by legal technical.
ines, only to perish by the hangman at last.
"Justiee IS slow. but sure"
The Congregational Church at Gran
by, Mass, caught fire from the stove pipe
Thanksgiving day, short time before the
comtnen&ment of services, but the flames
were extingushed by the joint exertions Of
the pastor and people. The damage to the
church was seven hundred dollars
Mrs. Fiedelman, German lady re-
siding in New Bedford, was seriously burned
on Friday morning, by her clothes taking
hre. She now lies in a critical condition,
with but little hopes Of her recovery.
The, dwelling house of Mr.. Abner
Hammond, in Belfast, Me-, was demolished by
stroke Of lightning during the heavy show
er Of the GOTH The chimney was burst asun
der from top to bottom. and every room in
the house was shattered. No one in tbe house
was injured. ttT ...aa ra.ia.
{ All the buildings upon the town farm
in Leeds, Me- were destroyed by fire on
"Wednesday night lust, and two females.
bnamed Bridgham aud Pearce, persisted in ths
flames The rest Of the inmates escaped in
their night aclothos.
Worcester daily spy. [volume] (Worcester [Mass.]) 1850-1888, 1857-11-30
President Buchanan aud Gov, wnTLer
Still Moro az Tlnunerhen.In

WASHINGTON, Nov. 2S.-(New York Her
aid respondence.) -Gov. Walker had his
second interview with President Buchanan
today, but each remains fixed in his own
opinion, and now there is little or no hope Of
compromise. The Governor says he could
not influence single man in Kanzas to vote
for the constitution, SO great is the popular
prejudice there to the whole proceedings. His
idea IS, that Congress should promptly pass
bill, similar in all respects to the Minnesota
territorial bill, providing for a State govern
ment in Kanzas This would avoid the whole
difficulty, by doing away with any action
Whatever on the proceedings of the late con-
vention.
Letters received today show the overwhelm-
ing popular opposition in the territory to the
constitution.