The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1857-08-21
TELEGRAPHS In EUROPE AND ASIA.
TBLganApHs IN GREAT BRITAIN.

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TBLB3nArHs IN GREAT BRITAIN.
To Nsssrs Cooke and wheaisone electric telegraphs
their rrsi practical application in Great Britain
Their telegraph patented in 1857 WAS based upon the
principles Of Oerveds discovery that magnetic
pass needle may through the agency Of volc current
be Invested with ARTIFICIAL polarity The rs, electric
telegraph Line laid down upon the London and Black
wall Railway, the second from London TO West Drsy:ou
and The third In 1s4e from London to Gosport In 1916
was formed the Electric Telegraph Company, by whom
the patent rights OF Messr Cooke and Whestsone, and
Of The vAiaabis Inventions o; Mr.. BAN, pur
chased BY this company the great majority OF the eie
graph hres which have been constructed In area, Britain
have beea laid. The extent OF ih ope; ATOMS may DO
Judged OF from the fac; that posseses at the present
Time about 5000 miles Of line, with about 25,ooo
10 Is the Ens.h and Irish Magnetic Telegraph
COMPANY, which owns SCOUT 500 miles Of line
nearly fsoo 600 and OF the latter sso0 600 The total
amount OF capital invested 10 the tesgrAph lines OF the
tbi,ec Kingdom estimated nj more thsa milton and .
half sterling.
In tue commencement, Of 1854 the toai extent
OF ires In actuai operation throughout Grea. Br-
OF Conducting wire laid, giving an ave
rage number Of Eve conducting wires the entire
extent o the British telegraph line, Al 10, Oco miles, we
shall be rather under Ia An ever the marx.
owing the monopoly which the Electric Telegraph Com
pany epioy ed FOR nearly period OF six before
with any seriocs competition, the tniI maintained
uDremenaby high one and Tered their lines av,il.
able 10 only email portion OF the public Tbs establish
ment Of rva companies has, no xsver, In great measure
corrected this monopoly and the tariff hA, gradually been
Ttr rs,.s "a , arranged bS tss eopsny in ,ss ara a.
fellows FOR mevsges OF not than twenty words
transmitted 70 distances no. exceeding so miles shilling,
TO distances exceeding loo msa ahnngs and six
pence ard to oil greater distances I'VE shpgs For each
additional ten wores or fraction OF ten vords, proper.
pa manufacturing owrs however the shilling charge "a
extended W much greater balances thaa the fifty miles
one iea.uIe W tno o, INC rec
communication which Il has established II has seven
branch Ma Ions al al the active OF bail.
mess 10 LONDON, inciudipg the eiyat ra way Stations
Messages OF twenty words be tied between
any ,ro Of tnose metropolitan stations for chilling,
toe charge OF dvory bong included provided the place
or address Ia with radius Of hAfs mile round the
ton The gross annual rsvenun OF the Escno Telegraph
Company ni,ie short OF TO eco, AMI pays dividend
or per cenion is capital
TxLsGRAPns m FRANCE
Owing 70 the peri cuoa u old established sys.en Of
aerial ieiesrAphs France .low TO adopt The electro
magnetic principle whea the government 81 iengh
solved 70 authorize experiment OF the sysien
coupled with concessions the absurd Stipulation the
,ena. should sull be produced BY small In trumou,s,
min aturcs OF thorc ompnycd cha ppes araus This
combination being found imprscucAbe, machinery rim
lar TO hal used In this country employed Tho nrs
electric telegraph lines in Frsn c were hoss
extending Paris 10 Olcsns Rouen, Lilc and Calais
They enoed In 1876 and dnished and ought
into opcran within the t~o 70 lowipg years commit
sion OF Inquiry then appointed, AID x roper: tho
CONSTRUCT OF I'VE additional lines reco commended,
ard by vote Of the Assembly 81 n Of III oe6f Ap
pfocrialed FOR the necessary works.
Once the results OF the new system were satisfactorily
dems nsa,sd, the government carried Il out with great
graph nts the extect OF hch the present time cannot
be far shori OF coo mc3. The French telegraph limos
With those Of Eogand a Calais By ,h, sub
maine cable with those OF Belgium 81 Lille and Donh;
with those Of Prussia and Norhern Germany Noy with
the Rhcnish States wirtemburs, Bavaria and Aus,rs ct
strastourg: with thee OF Srzersn5 OIL MnIhouse aud
Macon, The for mer nan'oans with Bale and the lat
tor with Geneva with those OF savoy aud Piedmont 81
6renobie and 10 nne With ths, OF Madrid al BAyoopc
The Fretch government has given 10 The telegraph ID
mlns ALL most efficient org anlk sloo, and II constitutes
nov mort important department Of sate, placed under
general Twelve chief directors and hundred inspectors
The telegraph hpcs ds.gibud into twelve sections,
~boh the twelve chief directors preside All the
procedures Fran are now IN direct electric cozneou
with the capital In all chief places the bureaus arc open
fbe old scale Of charges on The Frcpch telegraph. "a,
In the OF Nd for message OF twenty words for
distance Of 62S miles, and OF 12s for GO miles.
cost los Sd and bss Cd. AZ the Tecgrsshc Congress
assembled as Paris 10 Seplember, 1873, convention
signed BY the representatives OF France Belgium Prusss
Aus,ra and the minor German States liking denotvely
general tariff for all des pat hes transmitted 10 snd from
toe several states According TO this con venton France Is
divided into sx Geographic zones the tariff 10 each for
single messages being 2s, Is c., S., los. and la
rxLEaaAPHs IN BELGIUM.
In consequence Of liz peculiar geographic position,
Belgium, though Of the least important Of the cont
states Ia entitled to foremost place In connection
with the electric telegraph constitutes the direct me
dunn OF telesrsphic communca ion with the northern
states OF Europe through The Dover and os,end and Dover
and CalsA lines.
The Belgium telegraphs are constructed aud managed
By the government the ato telegraph lines appropri.
s,ed 10 the public service In 1854 had total length OF
about ESQ miles, upon which 10 900 miles Of wire have
been erected Tho total capital invested In them Of
ust time about s11b ooo and the ersss annual receipts
were computed al $50 goo, o. which the net profit
ei8 oC0, being nearly ID per cent OF the capital
We may estimate the total ,tent OF tho Belgian ines OF
telegraph 81 the present time at about bco miles In.
dependent OF the railway lines.
IA calculated thai about 40 per o. The despasohes
transmitted and received In Belgium are nierohspged
vi foreign countries and third OF all that passes on
Belgium wires 10 maaer PASSING roue bet seen o,efn
places Nearly half the amount lived for tte.
q ephic desparhes IL produced by dispatches transmitted
between foreign stations and only passing en- route through
Beleivm This vii 10 explain the i'm porance OF the
petition vhch Beeu holds in the telesrpnlc relations
OF the continent
According 70 the Belgian tariff messages not exceeding
70 words charged "A for distances not exceeding
90 miles - cents from 90 lao miles and "a DENTS above
40 The tariff for single messages crossing the channel
by the osend sub marine cable u two lars for which
they VII be transmitted 70 London u required.
rsLsGRAPHs IN GERMANY.
Under this head We viii include Austria inasnuoh az
she has become member OF the Aussro Geranc reie.
graphic Usiou. This association Of the German
Safes VI" rendered rsosssay by the delay and
pccnvenenoe caused IN the ,ransniseou OF cor
rcspoudcuce by The OF different telcsrspbtc nsru
uene and signals by the different sstca Tue union
comprses al the States or Europe east OF the Rbsc and
also The A, .Lsn provinces In Northern Italy AZ the
convention Of The delegates FRO The different Sinles n
agreed thai common s7st Of elegrsphio instruments
and symbols should be adopted thai FOR the present
Morses Telegraph, via Its receiving magnets, registers