The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1857-01-11


hrosra aside the last ressnant Of decelcy and re-
iapsed, o. ter short period Of restraint into eIcess
ss Of trhioh sren Southern capital ss ashamed.
The King on the other hand, Is divided from his
wife by an intense mutual dislike, ana is reported
10 hs actually plotting against her throne. His
intellect is entirely ruled by the priests who
surround him, and these men are sn % the side
Of MoGtemolin and legiumacy. His present scheme
20 he 10 force The Queen 20 resign, TO place
Count NontemOhn in her room, and 20 marry the
infant Princess TO Nontemolns nephew. Such IS
tho royal coupe 10 vhicn the destnles oil SPAN arc
eCnssitlhonally confded,
But where is the minister the fra, the undaunt
ed, the despotic Narvaez7 This man used TO extort
unwilling commendation from many sensible aud
literal minded Spaniards. de was, when re ruled
c-fore, tyrant, INSCRIPTIONS and unrelenting; but
ne clesrhesded clearsig hted practical, and, in
. way of bis own, patriotic IL was scknow-
lodged that be preserved pub nc quiet and en-
kept the Court in order, and made the off,
oiais and the military obey him. But Mar
vaez now must bend before the Queen.
BE fears that hereditary subtiety and that false
smile which have been the ruin Of Espsrtero and
ODonnel He has enemies in his own Cabinet Of
whom he cannot rid himself and strong opposition
OF liberals, whom il ia possible that the Court will
play OF against ,s him If he pretends to too much
power. Men like General Prim and Gonzales Brave,
sprung from the dregs of the people, his rivals
In tbe race for wealth and authority Yet their rise
reflects no credit on the country, and must not be
COZ pared with the career Of men in England, who
ofce IN the state. II II possible to make the road
too open 20 ambition, ana when only boldnNss and
unscIupulousness are required FOR the achievement
OF greatness there cara be no wonder and no merit
rise from obscurity to the highest eminence. II
n singular thing that Spain, with an old and i'm
moderately proud ari-tocracy should be the best
held for ioT born Adventures yet II is the nobi
my degenerate both in mind and body, and any man
with firm will aud capacity for intrigue may
hope TO be supreme, without birth, character or
general ability.
deeply tainted. Anecdotes without number are told
Of the nobility, the clergy, the puolic servants. 1t
would seem that the gaining OF money is regarded
So natural 0esire, and any means to this end as vc-
NAL, # not juscifable Indeed, with such court,
such ministers and such asprants to power to look
for public spirit and morality would be absurd. The
only hope of the country is in what may be called
che remedial sctcn which mus exist in every body
polite. When bad government and bad manners
e too far there IL natural eudency to resistance
which must increase az affairs become worse. There
fore, though we English have had enough Of Span
isb politics, and certainly would be the most foolish
Of mapkind again to interfere either the side
efyoyalty or liberalism yet cannot but hope that
an end may soon be MADE Of the present state Of
things. The fact that a country among the most
favored IN Europe, full Of natural wealth and com.
manding both the ocean and the Medite VI ans az,
should be poor, distracted and decayin is certainly
painful subject for reec ton, while the recent his
tory OF Spain shows how soon and how utterly the
grandest fab c OF national power NAV crumble int,
runs when capped by the jncapacity or wickedness
Of series Of rulers.
Volcanic Crater near Rome.
IL Is well known that Southern italy il of volcanic
Character. 1t il not impossible THAT the malaria
which Is so mnch dis ,nssed by travellers and men OF
science may in some measure be owing Co exhaa.
hofs from An internal decomp lsition OF the earth
and the exhalation Of unheqlthiul gases. On the |
18th Of October last the valley of Capena abou. |
ISenty miles from Rome, the scene Of volcanic
Eruption OF singular description. countryman,
" l<AD nlEs ntvFv in 1,wIl
lated that be was Just unyoking his oxen when he |
observed the earth sinking down for a space of |
nearly an acre and whilst doubling the evidence of
his senses, the ground opened with tremendous ex.
pioson, and vomitoo forth dense column Of sulphu.
rous smoke masses Of earth and being thrown
up at the same time in a manner which made |
him imagine that the giorno del gi,tdi=o was come.
The eruption was at its greatest height about an |
hour after sunset, and on the folio wing morning il
WAS found that the matt elected has left a crcu-
lar orlhce or crater, filled with tuibd water, |
through which gaseous exhalatious were still es. |
cfp'Dg. The activity of the crater has since that
,erod gradually died away and the calm surface OF
the little ,ake Is only occasionally rued by the
appearance Of few bubbles from bslo~. On ex- |
aiming the locality u became evident that the |
hole basin through which the olcauic force has
now created On orfce was formerly occupied by |
lake, whose alluval deposits formed the upoermost |
stratum. The character OF tue SOIL IN common |
With that OF all tie caupagna di Rca, in volcanic,
hat eminepees Of uavertns formation rise acoand
Inc basin and siir! the yaiey formed by tue stream
rallied JossQ q; gra,nicc or more classically cap.a
" nHs ue, cends from Mount Soracte. |
The circumference OF the crater or lake is about
three hundred metres the distance from the surface
II the sol 10 the surface Of the water dye .netfe,
and the depth Of the wafer ia the cra.er twenty-five
met es, depth which dimisish6, constantly IN pro
portion 10 e nAstss q ea;tn which fall in from the
S.:rs. Professor ponzi, who visited the spot imme-
disely after he eruption calculated the eleva'iono o.
the wafer above the level Of the sea at not more
than eighteen metre which q. such q dlst'nce may
appear veiy low 20 those Who unacquainted with
the low level OF the valley of toe Tiber The mass
cs projected by the eruption all t,ok sclthcsStery
direction, ard only covered that side Of she or,hce,
thus demon stratng that the impl,nr force proceed
cd from the depths Of the earth Through an opening
stretching 20 the northwest and probably eommuni.
eating with the great volcanic region IN that
direction. whose convulsions in former ages
produced the craerB now occupied by the
lakes Of Btaccisro and Mar,ignano, a1d thr
valley Of Bsccan0, and whose action may be trace
in the form a lava irachyte and thermal springs.
perpetualy recurring the same line as Ear ~ the
coast. According n the Professor observations.
this line OF volcanic phenomena extecos ur5er the
valley OF the Tib,r. 9nd Tar into the sabine hills
towards tie GENITAL 'ange Of ApennIles, where its
ELECTS are chiefly Observable by the presence OF
mine raj waters II is not unworthy Of remark that
che subterraDean cUnvulsion took place within a
few days after the great earthquake at Rhodes -
that Il may not he too bszardJus a Conjecture t.
attribute a common and deepy seated cause even 20
such distant effects. II does not appear, however,
that the opening OF this gaseous crater vas pre-
ceded or accompanied by any shock OF earthquake.
IL is the decned opinion Of Professor Ponzi, an
opinion confirmed in the present instance as well
in many Others, ard especially during The earth
guakes which were 'elt last sumner throughout the
rsnge Of Alban hills thai the position OF the moon
mas powerful influence in the development of vol.
canic phenomena by The attractive force exercised
by that satel'e over the fluid aud case sas bodies
which occupy the profound cavities OF tho earth
s,ar an H., ...,
NAPLES (ec. is CoTTsssonco1oc o, Lave .ppo une n
In a formei letter spoke a an Of 4 which ha4
been madc by the Argentine republic 70 this govern.
mont TO take of a number Of political pr-0ners IL
was 20 he LETT 10 their own free will no, 70 De a
forced transportation now understand. The pro
positions have since been reduced 70 the form Of a
treaty, the principal provisions u which are tha,
this government is 10 pay the expenses Of their
voyage 70 South America that the Argentine re
public is 10 guarantee $50 piastres 10 every emgant
Tor the first year. with land and stock snd thai the