The Council Bluffs nonpareil. [volume] (Council Bluffs [Iowa]) 1857-1867, 1857-12-26

ii - ano ludu1 1ri0u9 eitixone, who N0oicoE1c
Z subdue and cultivate the soil. They ouxht
to BE- administered mainly with view n
ipropoting thisI vice aad stejlepo)ent policy.
! In appropriating them For any other purpose,
I We ought to nee even greater economy than
Il II aASy ha1 been conrsrted into money and
1.-THE proceeds were already il tie public
ftrsasufys EUsquasdF OBSERVATION-DISCLOSURES
|noblest inheritance which any people hare
ever enjoyed, upon objects Of Doubtful con.
stitutionality or expediency, would be to
violate one Of the most Important trusts
ever committed to any people. Whilst
do not deny TO Congrsss the power, when
acting bona kde a. proprietor, to give
away portions Of them for the purpose 81
increasing the value Of the remainder, yet,
considering tho great temptation % abuse
this power, We cannot be too cautious II IL
exercise! a S. ~. $3.50
/ Actual settlers under existing laws are
projected against other purchaser at their
public sales, in their right Of pre- emption, to
i the extent Of . quarter section, or 160 acres
of land. The remainder may then be dis
posed Of at public sale or entered at private
sale il unlimited quantities. ~.
Speculation has Of late years prevailed to
great extent in the public lands. The
consequence has been that large portions Of
them have become the property Of indiyidu-
ais and companies, and thus the price is
greatly enhanced to those who desire 70 pur-
chase for. actual settlement. In order to
limit the area Of speculation ~ much as pos
/ sible, the extinction Of the Indian title and
the extension Of the public surveys ought
only to keep pace with the tide Of emigra-
ton. .,@'s,..ts - =
If Congress should hereafter grant alter
nate sections to States or companies. as
they have done heretofore, / recommend
that the intermediate sections retained by
the government, should be subject to pre-
emption by actual settlers.
II ought ever to be our cardinal policy to
reserve the public lands as much as may be for
actual settlers, and this ut moderate prices.
We shall thus not only best promote the
prosperity of the new States and Terrific
ries, and the power Of the Union, but shall
secure homes for our prosperity for many
generations. "a
INDIAN AFFAIRS, kis
/, The extension OF our limits has brought
within our jurisdiction many additional and
populous tribes of Indians, a large proper
ton of which are wild, intractable and diff
cult to control. Predatory and warlike in
their disposition and habits, it is impossi-,
BILE altogether to restrain them from COM
hitting aggrsssions on each other, as well
as upon the frontier citizens and those emil
grating to our distant States and Territories.
Hence expensive military expeditions are
necessary to overawe and chastise the more
lawless and hostile. ., 51
The present system Of making them valu-
BILE presents to influence them to remain at
peace, has proven Intellectual. 1t is believed
to be the better policy to colonize them in
suitable localities, where they can receive
the rudiments of education, and be gradu-
ally induced to adopt habits Of industry. So
far as the experiment has been tried it has
worked well in practice, and it will doubt
less prove to be less expensive than the pres
ent system. 4o .r.-....s.e.. .,y.=..., ~.
The whole number Of Indians within our
territorial limits is believed to be from the
best data in the Interior Department. about
49,, 200. Ivy.
The tribes of Cherokees, Choctaws,
Chickasaws and Creeks settled in the terri
tory set apart for them west of Arkansas,
are rapidly advancing in education and in
all the arts of civilization and self govern
ment; and we may indulge the agreeable
anticipation that at no very distant day
they will be incorporated into the Union as
one Of the Sovereign States. ...,r
POST OFFICES AND POST ROADS.
1t will be seen by the report of the Post
master General that the Post Office Depart
ment still continues to depend on the treas
ury, as it has been compelled to do for sew
eral years past, for an important portion of
the means of sustaining and extending its
operations. Their rapid growth and expan-
sion are shown by decennial statement of
the number Of post Offices, and the length
of post roads, commencing with the year
1927. In that year there were 200 post
Offices; in 1887, 1l,l77; in lS47, Is, l56;
and in 1857 they number 26,5S6. In this
year, 1,725 post Offices have been established
and 704 discontinued, leaving net increase
of LODI. The postmasters of 1868 Offices
are appointed by the President.
The length Of post roads in 1927 was
l05,336 miles; in 1887, al, 14l miles; in
lS47, 1888 miles; and in the year 1857
there are 242, 60l miles Of post road inclu- |
ding 22,52O miles Of railroad, On which the
mails are transported. ..s 7-,..r
The expenditures Of the department for
the fiscal year endidg on the 30th June, 1857,
as adjusted by the Auditor, amounted to
$ll ,507 $50. To defray these expenditures
there was to the credit Of the Department
on the lst Of July, 1856, the sum Of $780,
500; the gross revenue Of the year, inclu-
ding the annual allowances for the trans
portation Of free mail matter, produced
Sc, 053, 95l; and the remainder was supplied
by the appropriation of 666,SS3 made by
the act of March 3, 1851, leaving 252, 1853 to
be carried to the credit Of the department
in the accounts of the current year. COM
mend to your consideration the report of
the overland mail route from the Mississippi
river to San Francisco, California. The
route was selected with my full concurrence,
as the one, in my judgment, best calculated
to attain the important objects contemplated
by Congress. s =, +,
~ PUBLIC EXPENDITURES.
The late disastrous monetary revulsion
may have one good effect should it cause
both the government and the people to re-
turn to the practice of . wise and judicious
economy both in public and private e1pen-
ditures. 49, -eft = r.
An OVERLOOKING treasury has led to habits
Of prodigality and extravaganza in our leg
islation. It has induced Congress to make
large appropriations to objects for which
they never would have provided had it been
necessary to raise the amount of revenue
required to meet them by an increased taxa
ton or by loans. We are now compelled to
pause in our career, and to scrutinize our
expenditures with the utmost vigilance, and
in performing this duty, pledge my CO.
operation to the extent of my constitutional
competency. h-e zsf,f... il q,.-s~..,.
1t ought to be observed at tho same time
that true public economy does not consist in
withholding the means necessary to accom-
plish important national objects intrusted to
us by the constitution, and especially such a.
may be necessary for the common defence.
In the present crisis of the country it is our
duty to con6ne our appropriations to objects
of this character, unless in cases where JUS
tice to individuals may demand different
course. In all cases care ought to be taken
that the money granted BY Congress shall
be faithfully and economically applied.
TINE REQUIRED ron EXAMINATION OF BILLS.
Under the Federal Constitution, ssevery
bill which shall have passed the House Of
Representatives and the Senate shall before
it becomes law, be approved and signed
hr Tho proaidont ~ and sf nok orr-ovaJ