Vermont phÅ“nix. [volume] (Brattleboro, Vt.) 1834-1955, 1857-11-14
THE STATES AND TERRITORIES.

Uncle Sans family is multiplying with great
raplty. Minnesota, Oregon and Kansas, are
already virtually numbered among the States.
Washington, Utah, Nebraska, New Mexico, are
stridng with more or less rapidly towards the
condition of States Dlcotah aud Arizona are
embryo Territories.
Arizona has already made application for or
ganizaton as Territory. An act Of organiza-
ton was passed by the Senate at the last session
of Congress; but the territorial capacities of the
House were wholly engrosscd by bleeding Kan
sa1 The application is to be renewed at the
next session with earnestncss; and there appear
to be no good reasons why it should uot be sue
cessfu
Arizona is the territory which was acquired
Of Mexico by the Gadsden treaty, and Is gener-
ally called the Gadsdcn Purchase. II lies TO the
south of New Mexico, and between that Terri
tory and the Mexican States of Sonoraand Chi
huahua. 1t is an odd-shaPed territory, being five
or six hundred miles long, and not more Than
sixty wide on an average, The southern line
for almost the entire distance. is the ella River,
which rises in the mountains not far from the
Rio Granlc del Norte, and flows westerly, with
trlfiing variation in its course, to the Colorado of
the West, with which il uniies at Fort Yumas
about twenty miles above the Gulf of California,
into which tho Colorado empties. The north
ern line, which is unfortunately and unneces'a-
rlly eccentric, commences at point on The Rio
Grande not far north of FL Paso, in chihuahua,
and about $50 miles south Of Santa Fe and ex-
tends in direct line westerly till it intersects
the Chiricahu Mountains /; thence it passes d-
rectly south, distance Of forty or fifty miles,
and again takes westerly course, passing the
mountain range, TO about the ll1th degree of
Ion gitude, where it divergcs absurflly 10 the
south, so as to strike the Colorado just above the
mouth, whereas a straight line would have car.
ried the boundary whole degree Of latitude
further SOUTH and given US the control Of the
head Of the Gull OF California. Arizona, there
fore, lies irregularly between the Slst and 33l
parallels Of latitude being bounded on the north
by the ella Biver and New Mexico, on the east
by the Rio Grande del Norte, on the south by
the northernmost Mexican States Of Chihuahua
and Sonora, and on the west by the Colorado
and Lower California. 1t It's small, as compared
with other Territories bu, contains 80 900 square
miles, and is equal in area therefore, TO the State
: of Ohio. 1t cost two millions Of dollars, and If
half the stories of its mineral resources are true,
it is cheap at that.
Arizona includes the Mesilla Valley and
one of the routes surveyed by the government
for a railroad to the Pacific passes through the
whole length of the territory. Upon the acqui-
sition of the territory by the Gadsden treaty, it
was annexed for purposes of protection and gov.
ernment 10 the Territory of New Mexico. AT
that time there were scarcely any inhabitants
but Indians, chiefly Apathes and Navajoes, the
former very numerous race, and both being
namadic. Some other tribes such as the SoOnes
and Pinios, have fixed habitations. The Pmos
villages as they are called, are upon the ella,
about 100 miles from its mouth, upon the great
Texas and California wagon route, known as
It, Col, Cookies route. The Indians here are
partially civilized, and raise considerable crops
of cotton, wheat aud corn. They manufacture
their cotton into blankets, and furnishes supplies
of bread-stuffs to emgrants en- route for Califor-
MIA. Other Indians inhabit the Mesilla Valley,
occupying, among other places. the old Spanish
town of Tusc0n near the centre of The territory.
The region was once thrifty Spanish province,
having been settled more than two hundred years
ago under the auspices of the Jesuit missionaries,
who were ihe pioneers of civilization in all the
vast region of Northwestern Mexico The Jesuit
made discoveries of mineral wealth, which at
traced rapid settlement; and in the course OF
II few years the country numbered forty or fifty
towns and villages, which now are known only
by tradition or by their runs. The Spaniards
worked the gold and silver mines with great sue
cess for many years, but their persistent crueltes
towards the Indians were revisited upon them
at last, with tremendous energy, by the power
full and indomitable tribe of Apaches, who lit
orally exterminated them from the country, and
have excluded them from it ever since. 1t was
supposed that the Indians numbered about TO-,
900 when the territory came into Our hands,
There has since been an emigration Of whites tc
the country, to the extent probably of somt
thousands, chiefly from California; but the pop
ulation is still small for territorial government
heterogeneous, and, according to all accounts
anything but harmonious and qualified for self
government
The condition of the country at present is dc