The American. [volume] (Washington [D.C.]) 1857-1857, 1857-10-21

been no policy suggested to this country, which
united the different interest which recon.iled the
conflicting elements Of different parties, which
lrew to its support the leading men Of difDersnt
sections represented the different industrial pur-
suits of this country. ~ 49, q
The measure that he proposed had this beneh-
cent result. 1t was that the eight schedules of
the tariff of 1916 should be reduced to two, that
one schedule should pay-a duty Of 20 per cent,
and that the other should embrace a list OF tree
articles raw materials imported into this country,
to be used in manufactures and which were ne
cessary to the industrial prosperity Of the land.
1t received with great favor in every part Of
the country. In the Congress of the United Statss
it had the immediate and warm support of the
New England manufacturers, aided and repre-
sented by Mr.. Appleton of this district; in the
middle States it had the support Of the Democratic
party connected with the iron interest of that
great section of the country In the South II was
represented by Mr. Guthrie, himself head of the
Treasury Department The President Of the Uni
ted States gave it his approval; it was presented
to the country as an administration measure, and
which would have maintained the prosperity il
had then acquired, and freed the people and the
country from the impending ills which were then
clearly predicted by all men. ef
need scarcely speak at length upon the mea-
the Government have, from its commencement,
been collected chiefly by duties on imports. The
duties on imports have been levied upon the prin-
ciple of revenue Tor the maintenance of the Gov
eminent and the incidental protection of the in
dustrial interests OF the people. From the time
Of General Washington until this day and hour,
there has never been Government, nor q policy,
nor measure, of this character, that did not
stand on these t,oo elementsthe levying of duties
Al. u~sl II
lection of the industrial interests of the country.
[Applause.] M IA
You read the letters Of Mr.. Calhoun in 1874,
when his name was presented to the people Of
the Northern States, as that of the candidate for
the Presidency; and you find there, in the clear
est and plainest language that he could have
used, an explicit recognition and declaration of
these two principles to which have referred.
The tariff Of 1846 was itself based upon and itself
did recognize these two elements. But in the
heavy and onerous charges placed upon imports
individual interests of the country, and subjected
them to charge amounting to millions, every
year, which the manufacturers of no other part Of
the world were called upon to pay and which
disabled them from meeting, on equal terms, the
manufacturers of England, France, or any other
part of the globe In this respect, fin no other,
the tariff OF 1916 did not well meet and answer
the interests of the people Of this country. at7t
No man understood this better than the leaders
of the Democratic party, for, as have remarked,
their first measure, in 1853, was the remedy pro.
posed for this dificultH-the modification Of the
tariff of l846. afsyS.a s3 eFtge1 4as
Now, let me say, that in the duties levied on the
raw materials used in our manufactures, ranging
from 20 to 80 per centum, which the manufac-
turers Of this country have been obliged to pay,
Il mean the little and the large manufacturers, Of
cotton and wool, of wood and leathef--of every
character, and in every section of the country, -
one year after another, I say, in the duties thus
evies, the sum of eight millions of dollars has an
nually been paid into the Treasury of the United
States, for no benefit and advantage to the PEG.
pie, and no benefit and no advantage to the govern
ment. Neither England nor France nor any
other successful manufacturing people, or State,
had adopted this policy. 'isu9s Eos
In 1916 Sir Robert Peel gave to the English
manufacturers and for the English mechanical and
industrial portions of the people, free list Of more
than six hundred articles, at cost to the English
Exchequer Of two or three millions pounds per
annum, amounting to ten or fifteen millions In our
currency. Mr.. Guthrie proposed, in 1853, to give
to the manufacturers of this country free fist Of
not six hundred, but 2l0 articles which would
have relieved them of charge, as he himself
stated, amounting TO seven or eight millions Of
dollars; and if that bill had gone into effect in 1856
as he proposed, now, in 1857, there would have
been relief to the manufacturers of this country
amounting to $l6,O00,000, which they have paid
into the Treasury, and the Treasury would have
been depleted OF that untoward accumulation of
specie, which has embarrassed every part of the
country, and the manufacturing interests Of this
country would not have been crippled as they are
at this day, and they would have successfully
the struggle which has now resulted in
their defeat-from which, trust, they are soon to
rise again. ~. MS a.e-a ts@a
The measure itself was objected to. b And from
what part OF the country did the objection come
have already said that the measure was pro-
posed by southern Secretary; that il was
avowed, maintained and advocated in his message
by the President Of the United States; that it
united the manufacturers of the east 10 the great
industrial interests OF the middle States and drew
together men Of different parties, and answered
the wants Of different sections of the country
North, South, East and West Upon what ground
and from whence came the oppostions II came
from the southern part Of the country, and from
southern statesmen, upon the ground that it was
a protective measure, designed 10 secure the in
terests and prosperity Of the manufacturing in
terests Of the country, which were chiefly in the
North; and that it was antagonistic to the princ
pies and the doctrines Of the tariff bill of 1885,
that In word, instead of following out the free
Po''ey VI ytaaJ ~ was ~ Ttflfhl Oh t0c Il
Did system of protection, which they alleged had |
been rspudiated by he country and the people |
Now we have an example of what free trade il |
n the government of England-the government |
which approaches nearer the principles Of free /
rade than any other. Yet Il was declared BY Sir |
Robert Peel, in perhaps the last speech be made |
q Parliament before his death, that in the expo |
fence Of forty years he had never advocated or
recommended change in the revenue system of /
bat country without seeking TO enlarge the free
ist, and introducing raw materials used IN the |
manufactures Of the country as nearly free as pos
ible.
Yet see Robert Peel was ut last the champion |
y the free trade party, through whose instrument
atty they accomplished their great triumph IN !
he abolition Of the corn lswe q 2Albf =
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For The American. ja,t sia.tq |
Mn. Fxsros /: The victory won by the Arneri-
ans on Wednesday last has no parallel. In the
history Of political parties 10 this country. It was
ignsi, decisive, and completely overwhelming,
nd conclusively establishes q fixed fact, that
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