New-York daily tribune. [volume] (New-York [N.Y.]) 1842-1866, 1857-04-10

aTy ~ ptesibs " Old vster cources, fer ttese A.
we1s indicate ,hoee par. Of the land which have
re tivtd TIE na'urs uF.cA c-sibege tnd ale couss-
q,.Ity locac1 10 afford the beat o'sc1arss fer
TIE water which NAV BE- colt ed by the sife df4is
Having stskfd ont tie m .io drses We proceed 20
10 BE those ptich tro scbaTec 70 tie 81 ard sc
ns' jwt,s keep In view the that The eds-1fains
are be airy up sUd doSo tls slnPs IS 'no
CEREAL forrnsti, e The ia,d wi ahH~ Iney mu
me- IL placed tcfizoi ta along The sopes I" cu VI.
vs',r tuJnirg TIE surface. nor lssonsJ 70 o..
of rings and cs',y tire ~ai-I gf 'duaiy OF, ot HE't
L. suc 40 VI TIE tpor a'fsns4 me OF VIII d'Vr'y .o
for 81, h dfsps led for chc pdrPo'es ou ~
ugi-irabiDs wh' the win MA or zone 'o ~ Nv
de- dir cticp Ia uucb the hes-n he'd II Is me o.
n. a. will fully coz the Censnrs OF me os'' "nu
u.s -cot crnicsi s,stern Of dr'olnk vi cur ;t
tfe C1sps unst be mary pa o"ti Is 80;
vs,s 10 preserve sr eIsc'!y lerpepdiculr ouoo''"u
h,, t,e erpsrisnc. all enable the ''mef u Iesl-
la, tb. after according to the requirement" OF the
cs,e. -, 49,: l,..
,a,, doth Jf they are three feet deep they should
he In, twenty feet sp.rt and everS too: in depth
d1hles the distance st ~hich they may be pl.ced.
Tn, es,on for this is that the does not setle in
the s,iI to a Uniform depth, the capillary attraction
of the particles of the so tending to hold the water
sbose ir sversge level and es this force Is e. s1d
kss coubteraoted by REMOVAL IA we recede from the
d,hin il follows that the wser-ine Is curved one,
the moisture rising some what higher THAI the boo
Of the tile az we approach the line lying midway be-
tween two drains II is estim.tsd that when drsios
twenty feet apart and three feet deep, in Ordinary
abort thirty inches from the surface. Now, II this
curved line continued beyosd the drains for ten
feet each side it would strike 10 depth Of about
four feet and st csc places might place four feet
drsir-they being about forty feet spartand produce
the s-n effect regards the hight of the w4,erne
in tie care of the three feet drains t~etty feet
apart Gu the came principle we may place hVe-fset
drsiIt eighty feet tT more conveniently. five rods
ssunder This rule can hardly be cOnsi Tered msthe-
ma icailv correct the capillary force Of the so vs.
I.s much accord ing 70 ita composition; but ia
bich long experience suggested. aud IL has
by cons ut become law at least sufficiently
accurate n practical purposes.
From hat La. been salo We see thS the hrt point
10 ctt,inne after having staB ed ont the main drains,
i, 1. deptf TO which TO cut the sdedr-ins for only
after such decision regulate the distance apart
At witch 10 locsre them In deciding this int the
following considerations must be regarded:
IL The outlet 10 tee field sufficient to allow the
drsns TO be placed five feet deep, or only four, or
three feet deep?
9 Il the character Of the subsoi such TO make it
easier TO dig trench five feet deep, two four feet
eep or four three feet deep1
s. IL the subsol 80 strong that II will be impossible
10 make smooth bottom TO . deep drain, who su n
bottom might easily he prepared if the dfnins were
more shallow
The first consideration is all important for there are
few soils in which the secoad and third wou have
much weight objections to deep draining If there
be OUTFIT lower than three feet from the surface then
the question lie settled unless the land be sufficiently
inclined 10 admit Of the edrains being deeper
soop after leaving the nans
Let u suppose that decide four.eet drains,
tbou,b I prefer five feet wherever attsiuabls. We
then proceed lay out the eide drains for feet apart
and nearly parallel the formation OF the surface
will allow, always bearing in mild that We must run
nearly up and down the slopes rs Is poss BILE, WITH
out any great divergence We then commence At the
bottom of the main drain, and, with large plow,
throw out fairows along the lines that We
have laid out for all tf the drains in the field. Tas
earth should then be thrown out with shoves until tue
bottom is well cleaned After that, the coil msy Do
looseIec with deep subso plo1, psssi repeatedly
over the same pscs the loose dirt bsug tho IN out
after each blowing; and this may be repeated until We
have attained deP'h OF about tao ieet; we tnen
commerce with the narrow tools used for cnttlog
trenches for tile and cut tue dches to within two or
three inches Of the required depth the tito lis should
then be cleaned out With UsrrOw scoop made TOR the
pnrpoee and proper shoui be given to the in
cljDson TO prevent any deviation which might cause
the flow of water to become less rapid at any point
than in any part Of the drain above IT az this would
deposit of sediment, or Sotsning OF the SOL
about the Tile which would in tire effect stoppage of
the flow of water This is Of the most difficult aud
at the time one OF the most essential branches OF
the o, Grafton 1t does harm, If the tile are well
laid to have the decent constantly iDcreasing but II
the flow is stopped at any point misch is pretty sure
20 er eue and the pemsneDcy Of the drain lone OF ia
M 81 important characterised win be affected.
Having regulated the fall of the drains We should
be at the bottoms with cylindrical FOUNDER until they
smcoth and solid and then lay the tile pipe or sole
uls directly upon the ground commencing always at
The upper nds and covering the joints with the least
quantity OF leaves OF tnd WIN ruIhce 10
Ir vent the entrance Of oose oiii and rhro wing the
sii.s soil that have al hand directly upon the tile
10 depth of six or eight inches. We now take a
wooden msul end beat the earth compactly over aud
abb ut the tile and af or that fill up the trench Tile
thus laid may be considered everlasting.
II we'll always to bear In misd that the incin son
of the bottoms of drains should decreaH ~ VS.
approach the outlet; that should always commence
lay ing the tile at the upper end Of the drsm; that
covering should be put the tile than is sbso
utely necessary and that the mo,t cayey so should be
49, Tovat p0h <,ta I'm
Always large enough for the side drains and the mains
must be larger tile, or else two Of the small
tile mu. be laid side and side to carry all of the water
that may be received.
GEO T. wARlNG, IT,, Draining Engineer
American fDstofe, n. Apil !.