The Placer herald., 1857-10-03
The United States of Spanish America.

| we nave heretofore spoken IN general
terms of the proposed confederation of all
the States of Spanish America, and Of the
meeting of the Plenpotentaries of Chile,
Peru and Ecuador, in Santiago, to form
treaty as bond of union.
The mail brought us copy of the treaty,
and the news that it has been ratified by
Ecuador, and was still under consideration
by the Chilean Congress, and that some
amendments were asked for by Peru. 1t
is probable, however, that the treaty will
be ratified by these three States before long,
and adopted by Others, and thus will pos
sess very serious Importance; but even if
rejected, it would be worthy of considera-
ton as an expression of the plans Of the
most enlightened and progressive men of
the western coast of South America. Its
main features appear in the following brief
abstract of its main points: Alta.
Art. 1. The citizens of each State shall
enjoy the privileges of citizens in every
other State.
Art. 2. The ships of each State shall en-
joy the privileges Of domestic vessels in
the parts of every other State.
Art. 3. Ships of each State shall be en-
titled to import and export goods to or
from every State on the Same terms as
domestic vessels.
Art. 4. Prepostage of letters and pa
pers in one state shall be held as payment
in other States.
Art. s. Public documents legally authen-
tcated in one State, shall be recognized
in the other States.
Art 6. Criminals, save for political Of
fences, shall be given up by any State on
demand of another.
Art. 7. A general system of primary in
struction shall be established.
Art 8. Diplomas given to doctors, law
yers and civil engineers in one State, shall
be good in the others.
Art. g. The money and weights and meas
ures of all the contracting States shall be
uniform.
Art. 10. The high contracting parties rec
ognize the principles that the neutral flag
protects goods Of an enemy, save contra
band of war; and that neutral merchandise
is sacred on board an enemy's ship. The
States renounce the use of privateers against
each other, and will treat violation of
this stipulation by the States, or any Of
their citizens or natives, as piracy.
Art. II. Consuls and diplomatic agents
shall render the same protection to natives
Of all the contracting States.
Art. II. Every State shall prescribe clear
ly the rights and duties of its diplomatic
agents. in accordance with international
law
Art. 13. No State shall convey any of its
territory to foreign power.
Art. IA. No State shall permit any ex
pedtinn to be organized within its borders
against sister State.
Art. Is. Any party or expedition making
war on any State without the protection
of some national flag, shall be treated as
pratical by all the States.
Art. 16. In case such piratical expedition
attack any State, that State shall be en-
titled to assistance from the Others on APP
pication; and if such assistance be rem
dered by one or few the Others shall
contribute to the expense.
Art. II. No public office or honor shall
be conferred by any State on any member
of such piratical expedition.
Art. IS. Each State shall punish its own
citizens for violation of this treaty.
Art. 10. No State shall commence war on
another without having previously publish
ed full statement of the alleged offences,
with evidences, and statement of the
satisfaction demanded.
Art. 20. TO give effect to the treaty and
strength to the Union, each State shall
appoint Plenipotentiary, and these Plen-
potentaries shall form the Congress of the
Confederation. This Congress shall meet
within three months after the ratification of
the treaty by Chile, Peru and Ecuador,
and at least once in three years thereafter;
and shall meet by turns in the capitals Of
the contracting States
Art 81. The Federal Congress may re-
quire quarreling States to accept an arbi-
traitor.
Art. %. The Federal Congress shall have
nothing to do with the internal troubles Of
any State.
Art. %. Immediately after ratification by
Chile, Peru, and Ecuador, this treaty shall
be communicated to all the other Spanish
American States and to Brazil.
Art. "a. All the States adopting the treaty
shall have equal privileges.
Art 25. The treaty shall remain in force
for ten years, and longer, unless notice be
given.
Art 26. The treaty shall be ratified by
Chile, Peru and Ecuador, and ratifcations
exchanged before the 18th September, 1857,
if possible
BLACK REPUBLICAN FINANo1ERs.-The
ordinary expenses Of Massachusetts are great
er than the aggregate ordinary expenses
of all the other New England States COM
bined. Last year they were oa per cent
greater with population Of AZ per cent
less The ordinary expenses Of Maine, New
Hampshire, Vermont, Rhoae Island and
Connecticut, last year, were in the whole
$4,000; and the ordinary expenses of
Massachusetts, alone we're 81 ,335,086. The