The Union and eastern journal. [volume] (Biddeford [Me.]) 1854-1858, 1857-10-23

,,is.;on of raw materials, that enter INTO .
of every other people; and {
,h,,, we should 90 through the world WIN {
~ s,ms advantages that other governments
give 10 their artisans.
There is another principle which may DO I
embodied, in the reorganization OF TINS sys I
tam. The principle OF dd raioraH duties
has b,en adopted in this country, becauso
of y,,,, inequalities attached To certain sre'
s;so dutiss 10 which immediate and direct
onnosit,on has been made /; but there Is no
Government on the face of the earth, which
Saintains u revenue system, without the
recognition OF specific duties. You may
have adj ra!orea. duties, but you can also es-
t,blish specific duties without inequality
and YOU can by this change in tho revenue
system. exactly supply what the manuiae-
turing interest, OF this country require.
There are, perhaps, one hundred articles
upJn which specific duty may DO Levied
in place OF the ad valorem duty now charg-
cd, with benefit, both Ia the government
ami the people. and To those interested IN
tho manufactures OF the country.
Let me refer 10 the iron interest, gigan'
tic interest, We, one suffering under tho tar
iff of 1876, and even under u revision oil the
tariff of tho present year. What Is tho
difficulty? There is IN instability in the
price Of this Industrial product which rem
ders IL difficult for the government To levy
sufficient duty to protect It under the al
yaloroin principle
For instance, in April, 1852, iron was
selling in Boston, ut $40 the tun, and IN
1856 tn, same iron was selling ut 81 the
tun, upon which the government OF the
country was leyying duties for the protection
and maintenance vi the iron interest. vi
course, if the ad yalorem duty Of 1857, when
iron was $40 . tun, WIS sufficient, u "
clear that the duty Of 1856 was deal too
high.
Now the part of common sense aud com
mon interest would require that the iron
master and the iron-wOrker might make an
average OF the Gust Ut their products, one
year with another, an average Of two. iour
six, eight or ten years, and have tho duty
charged specifically upon the average value
for such period, aud this would relieve abso'
lutcly the irvn interest IRON the oppression
under which it has laborcd from 1916 tall
the present time; and this principle Is one
recOsnized by past adp Illustrations, and by
out a violent change IN the principles undn'
which We have been governed, without u
violent change from the position which w
Occupy Ut the present time, this system o
the tariff may be $50 arranged as to harmonic
with and satisfy every industrial interest Vi
the country. (lmmense applause
Ut this point the speaker was interrupt
ell 10y the arrivals Of delegations from ROx
bury, Charlestown. Waitham, &C., with
banners and trlnsInrencics, which were re-
ccyod with Inuch enthusiasm. Here q
voice in the gallery cried out: "Giye Hill
ard u text for tomorrow night"l
AS was saying, with the success Of thi'
yropoSed arrangement there would have
been harmony and entire satisfaction, tho
il is possible that the reyulsion We have wit
nesscd might not have been altogether ~
PEELED. 10 not hesitate TO say that il the
policy advocated by Mr.. Guthrie in 1858
had been adopted In 1855 the present con-
dition Of the country would not have boen
witnessed, nor the present suffering expert
enced.
There is another view in which this sub
ject strikes US with favor, and which ELECTS
the commercial interest Of the country
We have here ON this continent, States with
an area OF 100000 square miles, and a
population of many millions. The trade OF
the South American States is no imnaterial
consideration, especially if We regard It as it
may be hereafter. Yet with the States our
own neighbours, we have less than IS per
cent. OF their entire trade, while between
81 aud 70 per cent. goes abroad to England,
and the balance 10 France, distance vi
5000 or 1000 miles.
Why is this, The product Of tho South
American States IL chiefly new materials,
which enter into manufactures. England
receives them free OF duty, while we have
charged u duty ct ~ or 80 per cent, aud
Us u matter of course, they 80 to England.
And what gives prosperity tO tho nanuiac'
tures Vt England, Is tho TACT that she RECEIVES
the products oi other countries in this way,
and thereby builds up her commerce..
Therefore, how manifest II Is that we
should remove the duties ON those articles,
anu rcceIvc them ON tho same terms that
England does. In the last i've years the
trade OF the United States with the South
American States has increased Sl0,OOO,OOO.
On the Canadian frontier, where there are
but 100000 OF people to the 10000, 900 OF
the South american States, during the same
time the trade of tho United States with
Canada has increased $40 900 900 instead
OF SlS,OOO,OOO in the South American
States.
Ia 1852. the trade Of tho American poo
pie with the Canadas was only 1000, 900
this year IL amounts % sixty or seventy |
millions OF dollars. And this Increase is
simply owing TO the reciprocal arrangement
between them and ourselves, with regard - |
the exchange of commodities, and the same
principle OF reciprocity could be applied to
tho SOuth American States.
Look at Cuba We have only % Per
cent. of her exports. and yet we are within
$50 miles OF her principal port, while she
sends the rema nder 5000 miles to England ,
relations with her, while We alarm her with I
threats ut descent and annexation.
Take another illustration, bearing inme,
dIltely on the idea In the minds ut all linen
OF tlls time Tho balance of trade against
the L. States with the peOple Of the British
West India Islands and the South American
States tor the last year is S5O,OOO,OOO and
the who.c to be paid ia gold, and that chiefly
through the Intervention Ut LSndon bankers,
while II We received her exports free Of duty
rs England and France received them, in-
stead ola balance Of $50 900 900 against Us,
they would pay the whole, three times over,
with the products they would export u the
county, and no man can doubt that this
is PERFECTLY feasible for any administration.
that has the industrial interests ot the coun-
try ut heart. There is no such feeling cx-
isting between tho people Of the South
American States, rs exercised between Eng
land and the Americans with Spain, there
is no more hostile relation, with all our his
tory OF Cuban inyasions, than existed be
tween England and the United States.
And yeI in the full Of this hostility we