davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The national era. [volume] (Washington [D.C.]) 1847-1860, 1857-01-29
CALIFORNIA.

To the Editors of the National Inteligencer
have recently received letters from different
parts of the country, inquiring into the 0gricuL-
turdt resources of CALIFORNIA and, as ii NAV
be matter of general interest, will, with your
permission, respond to these interrogatories
through the columns of your paper.
California is next to Texas in quantity of land
within her limits Her territory is four times
as large as Ohio. The timber land embraces
a territory as large as Maine and New Hamp-
shire Trees are often found over three hun
dred feet in height and ninety in circumference,
and perfectly sound. The agricultural and gra-
zing surface is equal to New York, New Jersey.
and Maryland. The gold region is equal to
Vermont, Massachusetts, Connecticut and
Rhode Island, without considering the depth.
Experience has demonstrated that in wheat,
barley, and oats, the agricultural lands will pro,
duce greater quantity to the acre than any
other State in the Union. Although the amount
of land cultivated is small we produced bread
stuffs enough last year to feed our own people
and export large surplus. The barley we
Dariey ra'secE--.,- worth more than all the
The largest quarfctuJ rr-:.~I o...-. :: ION
bushels; the largest yield of oats 1874 bushels
In the cultivation Of the grape, California is I'M
rivalled. The ordinary yield of wheat is so
bushels to the acre. l have heard of good corn,
but in this l regard California as far inferior to
Ohio. 1t is probable that some portions of it
may produce good corn, but l have never seen
what an Ohioan would call fine crop.
1t is the best country for fruits of which l have
any knowledge. At the Agricultural Fair, last
October, a great variety was presented; and,
as have the official report before me, the state
ments which l make may be relied on.
/ Appyes.-Average size ofthose exhibited, l44
inches in circumference each way the largest,
II inches, and weighing two pounds and three
aud one half ounces.
Pears.-Average size, IA inches in circum-
ference; the largest, Isl by 20 inches, and
weighing two pounds and twelve and one half
ounces.
Peaches.-Average size, 10 inches in crcum-
ference; the largest, l0& inches, and weighing
one pound and one ounce.
There were also ine specimens of the Pome-
granate, Orange, Lemon, Fig, Almond, Straw
berry, Plum, &c. In California, the fruits of
the North and South grow side by side. We
have the Apple and the Orange, the Peach and
the Fig the Almond and the Hickory. Nut
Pumpkins. The largest weighed 240 pounds;
another 2l0 pounds.
Cabbages.-Fifty pounds per head.
Beets.-The premium was awarded to one
weighing l03 pounds.
Those who would have further information,
1 would refer to the annual report of the Agri-
cultural Society of California W.
The national era. [volume] (Washington [D.C.]) 1847-1860, 1857-01-29
DISCOVERIES IN AFRICA.

The discoveries of DR.. Livingstone in Africa
are considered Of great commercial value. He
lived with tribe of Bechuanas for eight years,
and, in cooperation with Mr.. Oswald, discover.
ed Lake Ngami. He traced by himself the
course of the great river Zamhesi, in Eastern
Africa, and extending two thousand miles.
This immense stream, whose discovery is the
great fruit of the journey, is in itself enigma
without parallel. But small portion Of its
waters reach the seacoast. Like the Abys-
sinian Nile, it falls through a basaltic cleft,
near the middle of its course, which reduces
its breadth from 1000 to 20 yards. Above
these falls it spreads out periodically into a
great sea, filling hundreds of lateral channels !;
below it is tranquil stream of a totally differ
ent character its mouths seem to be closing.
The southernmost was navigable when the
Portuguese first arrived in the country, three
hundred years ago, but it has long since ceased
to be practicable. The Quilimane mouth has
of late years been impossible, even for canoe,
from July to February, and for two to three
hundred miles up the river, navigation is never
attempted in the dry season. And in this very
month of July, when the lower portion of the
river, after its April freshets, has sunk to a
mere driblet, above the falls the river spreads
out like sea over hundreds of square miles.
This, with frequent cataracts and the hostility
Oh Tue uAtlFeb, WOulu seem 10 NC al eueCtudi
bar to the high hopes of fat trade in which
English merchants and journals are now in
dulging.
During this unprecedented march, alone and
among savages, to whom a white face was
miracle, DR.. Livingstone was compelled to
struggle through indescribable hardships. The
hostility of the natives he conquered bylhis in
innate knowledge of their character and the
Bechuana tongue, to which theirs is related.
Many of his documents were lost while crossing
q river, in which he came near losing his life
also but he has memoranda Of the ATTITUDES
and longitudes of multitude of cities, towns,
rivers, and mountains, which will 60 far to fill
up the unknown regions" in our aliases.
Toward the interior he found the country
more fertile and more populous. The natives
worshipped idols believed in transmigrated
existence after death, and performed religious
ceremonies in groves and woods. They were
less ferocious and suspicious than the sea-board
tribes, had tradition of the deluge, and more
settled Governments. Some of them practiced
The national era. [volume] (Washington [D.C.]) 1847-1860, 1857-01-29
THlRTY-F 0URTH CONGRESS-.
THIRD SESSION.
Territorial Business.

Tuesday, January 2Oth, was devoted in the
House chiefly to the consideration of Terrific
rial business. The only proceedings of gen
eral importance were as follows:
Mr.. Morrill,, of Vermont from the Commit
tee on Territories, reported bill to establish
a separate judicial district south of the Gila,
and to create the office of surveyor general
therein, and to provide for the adjudication OF
certain land claims, to grant donations to actu-
al settlers to survey certain lands, to provide
for the representation of the inhabitants of the
Gadsden purchase il tbs, Trearritogial Legisla-
'uIe ~ nrv S@@ ., mr.. Morrill,, the Cominrr,,
Territories was discharged from the further
consideration Of the memorial and proceedings
of the people of Arizona, praying for the or
ganization of new Territory; and they were
laid on the table.
Mr.. M, from the same committee, reported
House bill to change the eastern boundary of
the State of California, with the recommends.
ton that it do not pass; and it was laid on the
table.
Also, from the same committee, made an adj
verse report on the petition praying for the an
nexation Of Carson Valley to California.
The national era. [volume] (Washington [D.C.]) 1847-1860, 1857-01-29
NO. 500.

of revolution, they never accepted nor prac-
ticed revolutionary policy they never were
placed In the fatal situation of having at first
anarchical violence ss. . -stepping-stone and
then despotic violence N d necessity of their
power. They found Themselves at the very out
set in the regular yskAd under permanent
conditions, of government
civilian was an ambitious prince. 1t is
puerile to believe that, until the appeal was
made to him in 1853. ho had remained free
from all desire of ascending the throne of Eng
land, aud ignorant of the schemes which had
long been on foot for raising him to it. William
followed step by step therrogress of the scene,
without taking any part ID it, but without dis.
commencing 1t ; giving its authors no encour-
agement but affording them all the protection
i'll his power. His ambition had also the char
acteristic of being associated with the trium phi
OF great and just cause.-the cause of religious
liberty and the European balance of power.
No man ever made great political design more
thoroughly the idea and exclusive object of mis-
life than William did. He was ardently devo-
ted to the work which he was ACCOMPLISHING,
and he considered his own ACKNOWLEDGEMENT as
merely means of that end. In his designs
upon the Crown of England, he did not attem pt
to succeed by violence or disorder; his mind
was too lofty and two we'll regulated to be ig-
norant Of the ncurable viciousness of such sue.
cess, and to submit to its yoke. But when the
career was opened to him by England herself,
he gave no more heed to the scruples of the
private individual; he was anxious that his
cause should triumph, and that he should re.
ceive the honor of the triumph. A glorious
mixture of ability and faith, of ambition and
devotedness
Washington had no ambition. His country
had need of him he became great to serve her,
from duty rather than from choice and some
times even with a painful effort. His expert
ences public life were bitter, and he preferred
the independence of private life and the repose
of the mind to the exercise of power But be
unhesitatingly accepted the task imposed pom
him by his country, and, in performing it, he
allowed no concessions TO be made, either to-
wards his country or himself, for the purpose of
tightening its burden. Born to govern, though
he took no pleasure in it, he told the American
people what he thought was the truth, and
maintained, in governing them, what he thought
was wise, with a simple but immovable firm
ness, and sacrifice of popularity, which was
all the more meritorious because it was not
compensated by the joys of dominion. The
servant of nascent Republic, in which the Dem
ocratic spirit prevailed, he obtained its conf
dence and secured its triumph by sustaining its
interests against its inclinations, and by prac
.ticing that modest and severe, reserved and in
dependent policy, which seems only to belong
to the leader Of an aristocratic Senate, placed
at the head of an ancient State. His success
was remarkable, and does equal honor to Wash
ington and to his country.
The national era. [volume] (Washington [D.C.]) 1847-1860, 1857-01-29
TOPEKA, KANSAS, January 8, 1857.
the Editor Ofthe National Ero.


Deputy Marshal Pardee came up again yes-
terday, arrested six members of the State Leois-
lature, and returned with them to Tecumseh.
They were there kept until to-day, when they
were released on the recognizance of each in
the sum OF i've hundred dollars, to appear be-
tore the District Court of the Third Judicial
District, at ITS June term, procided the Grand
Inquest should find a bill against them. This
shows up the farce of the thing. They do not
wish to have any case come up on such charge,
and therefore insert an unheard-of specific pro.
viso, to screen themselves from the responsible
ity of |. trial.
1t is said that Donaldson became greatly
frightened about the affair." fearing that rescue
would be attempted by the other members of
the Legislature and the citizens of Topeka, and
that he used all his influence to have the pris-
oners admitted to bail
Mr. Partridge, who has been SO long in the
Tecumseh prison, and who was sentenced to
ten years Imprisonment for being Free State
man, has been removed to Lecompton, and
placed in charge of the master of convicts.
Governor Geary declares that unless the
Free State people petition formally for the par
don OF the convicts at Lecompton and in that
petition admit that the prisoners had been
urged on by Northern fanatics to the commits.
sion of the crimes they were convicted of, he
will '0ithdra'o his protection, ~ and hare them
Immediately set at hard labor and compel
them to seroe out the full fire gears.
Mr.. G. W. Brown, of Lawrence, got up, a
few days SINCE petition meeting all these re.
qnirements, and adding a suggestion to his Elk.
cellency, that, should he fail to comply with the
memorial, that failure ,couId gice his enemies
opportunities for osSaiiing his actions and mo-
tires, schich compliance rould deprioethem Of.
How are the mighty fallen When the prison
ers learned the character of the petition, they
rejected it with Indignation, declaring they
would suffer death even; before they would ac-
cept of a release on such conditions, and by
such sacrifices Of truth and principle. Could
they have acted nobler?
The Legislature adjourned to-day at noon,
to meet again on the second Tuesday in June
next. This will give them an opportunity of
yet passing election laws previous to the disso.
luton of the present Legislature. which the
State Constitution provides shall take place in
August.
Before adjourning the Legislature, in Joint
session, issued memorial to Congress. X.
The national era. [volume] (Washington [D.C.]) 1847-1860, 1857-01-29
CROMWELL, WILLIAM III, AND
WASHINGTON.

Guizot, the well-known French Statesman
and historian, has published work, which has
recently been translated in England, "On The
American Revolutions" la one of our recent
London papers, we find the following extract
giving portraits of the leading men of three
Revolutions
"Three great men, Cromwell, William III
and Washington, remain in history as the lead
ers and representatives of those critical occur.
ences which decided the fate of two great ma
tons. For extent and energy Of natural tai
ents, Cromwell is perhaps the most remarkable
of the three. His mind was marvelously
prompt, firm, supple, inventive, and perspica-
cious. He possessed vigor of character which
no obstacle could discourage and no conflict
could tire. He pursued his plans with an ardor
as inexhaustible as his patience, travelling
sometimes by the longest and most circuitous
roads, sometimes by the shortest and most pre-
ciptous paths. He excelled equally in gaining
and in ruling men in personal and familiar in.
tercourse; and he was equally skilled in organ
izing and conducting an army or party. He
had the instinct of popularity and the gift of
authority, and he was able, with the same bold
ness, to let loose or to quell factions. But,
born in the midst of a revolution, and carried
by successive commissions on to supreme power,
his genius was by nature and always remained
essentially revolutionary. He had learned to
understand the necessity of order and govern
ment, but he was unable either to respect or
practice moral and permanent laws. In conse.
quence of the Effectiveness of his nature, or
the vicousness Of his situation, he wanted reg
ularity and serenity in the exercise of power
had immediate recourse to extreme measures,
like man continually assailed by mortal dan.
gers, and perpetuated or aggravated, by the
violence of his remedies, the violent evils that
he wished to cure. The foundation of Gov
eminent is task that requires proceedings of
a more regular character, and more in con-
formity to the eternal laws of moral order.
Cromwell was able to subdue the revolution
that he had raade, but be could not succeed
in establishing it.
"Less powerful perhaps than Cromwell BY
natural gifts, William III and Washington
succeeded in the enterprise in which he failed,
They fixed the destiny and established the Gov.
eminent of their country. This may be &C.
counted for by the fact that, even in the midst
The national era. [volume] (Washington [D.C.]) 1847-1860, 1857-01-29

incubation and used quinine, and all were
eager for trade, being entirely dependent on
English calico for clothing, small piece of
which would purchase slave. Their language
was sweet and expressive. Although their
women, on the whole, were not we'll treated, a
man having as many wives as he chose, they
were complete mistresses of their own houses
and gardens, which the husband dared not
enter in his wifes absence. They were fond
of show and glitter, and as much as $3.50 had
been given for an English rifle. On the arid
plateau of the interior, watermelons supplied
the place of water for some months of the year,
as they do on the plains of Hungary in sum
mer. A Quaker tribe on the river Zauga
never tight, never have consumption, scrofula,
hydrophobia, cholera, smallpox, or measles
These advantages, however, are counterbal-
anced by the necessity of assiduous devotion
to trade and raising children, to make good
their loss from the frequent inroads of their
fighting neighbors.
The national era. [volume] (Washington [D.C.]) 1847-1860, 1857-01-29
RATES OF ADVERTISING

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sS All communications to the Era whether
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The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1857-07-27

|r LEEI g. AUCTION EER, WILL SELL. ON TUES DAY,
u July e l0h clock, Ill the handsome parlof dintn&
~ Fieeuh street. between sTts and Seventh avennes
hsstipg par OF splendid nlad rosewood plan forte, wi
bo and lvet csrpets satin deASk ane lace cur
large ana elegant and mante mirrorN three full
b. ri paror furniture, richly carved And covered
satin brocss- with Al covers these suits were made
order Of the most costly description; Tires ele
Insly GOOD eegeres. with plate doors Adys
bench secretary marble cabinet cheriers rosewood
(rfuh and recumbent chairs In SATIN rosewood recepaoa
s covered In medallion tapestry tour eesan ehsndeuers
ksnihcert sevres and W, fden china vases VIII bean i
Aiecton palor ornaments; also number Of liable
urpiture carve ross rood bedsesds marble Top
hs an5s and commodes AL 10 n sch anours win mirror
chevRl glasses full s OF ro-e wood fuvnnre IN naf
| oval vevst Wilton carpets large French hair
hing AR chairs ale top buffet c,ysia cut and
elexant dnt set pearl and silver cutlery
boob ste seee sofas cushi med bsck chairs
gothic chat Engsh o'lcloth. velvet stair carpet
ves Ac o. rafnl viii be in sttendance TO pack
chip needed Persons from distance can rely ON fur
lure being sold
UafRY q. LEEDS, AuCI1oSEeR II. LEEDS
0 A 90 will sell NJ cun on Tuesday and Wednesday.
kly - ard ~ lQh O'Clock each, At The store 10 Maiden
be- ssignees sale OF An iruease
ck Of English frei Oh and German toys SUI IAN goods
|mprsing In Part as follows-Lsdes reucues of all
|ues rich ipaid poremonnees, odeur bores toilet cases
stAnnn safes ornou mounted bronte gr ups
Ia bgures china decorated and breakfast sets carved
bry chess and ohvcquer bsckgsm mon boards mnla
[nos irumpeu ivory and silver btsties, volns,
|sss Also a larse snd central assortment OF toys The
epnn Of we'll private baFers sots ieh 70
b sale s riding opportaniiy 70 purchase the above
reaured In all goods must be removed By
Fidsy afternoon a. o'riOTk
The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1857-07-27

.T wnsos, AU,TiOsxsK, WILL SILL TO THE
ss ' SSs. 'V On Soudst July a and &c
~si. ,saeev q me shoye ave story sueinx house ne
sss = ~ ssoross e .as wsss he whole can 70 sI
Fsrisrv-os..n yards Of superior yel,e sasps.. three
=. ss Nd fsS sss. -. in eass and ssn
.one ROSEWOOD reception and arm enair. severed
secsAry booto.se oed .ish az and ..an .ecS
Sr,sa Ss~so pier .oi. ana SIDE isSls
Is tops three cosy rosewood eesers. With marble
g.! s.sseo. f .of. sbs. . day ssoa.. and s@oia
s9a " w s .ss
~ ~ E.ss, with rcs s.d se.yy gold frame:
= e,ensive variety Of OIL paintings, sy native ar
:sGh ,.s.. ~s game Sss
ne .ss. forming very s...a. ssssu ss.. 's,sss
s.ns sss ssse and ress e, Vi. Eeys o. real pearl
ss ssns ySlvsbIs and cosy n.,rs,ss. ro.swood
Y IT .sss ION able ss n vo.sss 9 BE-. %
~ fass tables mirrors sofa beds chairs IL hair co.s
~sssnss unsers sose s and se car 70 .sch rcS
s.s sa savers csts Ss.sss cssssrs cosss and tea
sysons ferris bsuor sisnd superior hsls eunsy mar
|SSsssSCosiy solid rosewood ana nahssA.y sedssAds,
s.s a.se Toy sssgs ws.sssa: e snS
ard IN eIseen sondcn coun,erpsnss bed .pre.ds
rssss soes sets oioohs s.ar csrpsss ssd rods
any spssred chsr rocksrs sofs. lsunges oucs beds
N
~tse,ce 70 lease o. years. Tor Apply 70
: suctopeer on the morning ct sale.
roIi. IJoyD AUCrTONk JOHN LLOyD's SON
win peli on Wednesday, Juy 10 a.mh O'clock Of No
r.,e, IN said store consisting In part Of wines es
d.. supars uoasses spcFs soap, starch wusssrd, &C.;
10 horse air years old warranted sound also, one wagon
ID harness
way NEUTRALITY-SUSPICIOUS. rURsfTURs
A. And artures At auction-on th. dsy Jniy ~ A. lsS
CLOCK Al I2s Fulton street. comprising chairs soVes
,pp,r boiler oven bar counter crockefy &C. pepos re-
ured me time o. sale
:. .,,ov.Ny .uabsa AND yksEnRr At apv,ivs
~ sse-D,ssolsuom q psrmerehp ,,sl a,c,st a, m.
ards os He~srv Patterson 3ichrs III And ~ NE 80.
1.W feet Of mshosauy crotch yeneers ~ sse, sagu,
rcs Ard shaded vspeers $500 feet oss crotch snd snsaso
srecrs boards and psnn MAD toIs,.
bon, IS e0 fee. black WALNUT bsaras nI sep Hsnswcsl
sta 10 Inshes large lot chair tops bsussrs sprace
nundins boards FOR piano makers ssh spps re- esru~
arks he &c This sale IL well worthy The attention. " M -
srsrr ae.iers and cabinet manufacturers a. every e. 10
sitivsy SOLD 70 the highest biddex ~ ne sso's 1'
lATACHINKRY AT AUCTIOr-A LANCE AND yAi,U A.
vi bic lot OF sbss plsners diiiins and sore. cuuag m
hiuesy n auction Friday July iust, At 10
yciocs A N, Ers Foundry and Machine worss two
,.s se S sppIT 20 oses srsSrcs 4, wes, Tsir
,cvenh street or BRA1NARD RICE attorneys sc, ~
M ture-on Tuesday, July rs At iO1so'cidkk Al ii ws,ls
treet Hudsrp consisIng of uhossny and black wal
,ui brdscads sud bureaus tne hair fnars pier wses
n furrure Ave mahogany chairs together With the "a nj
Of the whole house beginning with the kitchen furniture
By order frsnain srgwn s.cruey .oy monsssee' GAIA
WILLIAM Writer'S, Aucuoneer ~ Canal street
The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1857-07-27

VALUABLE AND VENERABLE RELICS, FORMERLY
belonging 10 General George Washington Ny peremp
Tory from the owner, will sell on rhursd July 80,
10 O'Clock precseiy at store, No. 81 Baltimore rect
the following described vsuxole relics formerly belonging TO
General George Warrington consisting Of field or py glass
used by General Washington during the Revouto1 aso
COLO bead Of MALAGA wood four feet two
long with bis o. and motto and the original
ass4 &c These rec fully and perfectly Identified by
certificate from George Cusis E:q the sole surviving
executor OF General WAshington's will &c The ar les
be as nre, together with the ceracAs e see which
VIII be fully and satisfactorily explained 81 the time Of
ale sale Rere% 'orY Term. c.ss % R.,u,ors .rsa,
The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1857-07-27
nWWA lsK 'G NV H JERSEY,
On Tues day. the Ssh OF July Inst,
Al q nlclo.Oh p N

those valuable prenises In the occupation Of Alox
snder Philip situate at North Beleve New Jersey about
miles from the city OF New York. containing more than
dy acrcs Of land improvements thereon consisting
6uiidings docks Ac together with extensive stone quar-
stes which b and sdered the huea
ausres 10 tie world being II superior quality
iAvng much used ia brown stone buildings both public
private the city OF New York We refefto Duncan,
90 banking h,use corner Of Pine and Nassau
sree =. having one o. ne hnss' brown sooe M 70 cs
hank Broad street. Newark New Jer.ey In courses Of
The advantages Of getting out and 70 market being
peculiarly being bounded by the Passac river with
large water front convenient and extensive ks and sun
New Yors and elsewhere having ~ Nubc rod RAINING
the misses The antoa Of builders stone
deAle,s called 10 this sale, which VIII be POSI-
tve and place above stated, when the terms viii
made This vsluabe property will pay good d.
vidend 100000 requiring only ANAL cash working ca
The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1857-07-27

MARE REDUCED TO SOUTHA MPTON AND HAvRR.-
r Thenagninoent sseamship vANDRkbHr, s,9es .cns,
VIII nj
u TIA H1H x0Hs y PA q ~ Soss s.'
SATURDAY, Ratuy day Aug. u
saturday,. Sept IL Saturday .0c
rom SOo second cabin $50 Specie delivered in loadcs
and Paris For ffolSht or pAAsAxe apply 70
D. fORRANCa, Agent No. Bowling dress Kew Ycsk.
Letters for 1nSland and EUROPE prepaid - osnls eanh hA1
VIII be received ct No Bowling &rsss. NEW ros. W
LX O'Clock OF Ne morning Of saitnx