Lewistown gazette. [volume] (Lewistown, Pa.) 1843-1944, 1857-12-17

whist the pnDiic lanes as s0uren :,
enus are Of great importance, tbs;. n
tance lie far greater as furnishing bon.saas ~
: hardy and Independents race Of -
industrious citizens, who desire "a sal.s l-ea
g cultivate the soil. They ought % h s1sss .IEs
tered mainly with q view of pronos;-l
( wise and benevolsnt policy Inapn,a,.s
them for any ether purpose, we ousb,
eSen greater economy than il they b,S
converted int money and the procee8.
already in the public treasury. To son.ss
awav this richest and mobiles, i,bd...Aa
which any people have ever enjoyed ~.
iscts Of doubtful constitutienality ar r.s 80
ency, would be to violate one Of i.
important trusts ever committed 10 ,,.
Die. Whilst / do not deny 10 Cony-.,.f y
power, when acting bona fide as pran,s.
10 giTe away portions of them for the na.s
ef increasing the value Of the remaind.,
considering the great temptations to Il.
this power, we cannot be too cautious !,
exercise.
Actual settlers under existing laT
protected against other purchasers at The :
lie sales, iu their right Of pre- .mption 30
extent Of quarter-seetion. or LOO sc,.
land. The remainder may then Be disro.'
of a. public or entered at private sale Il :
limited quantities.
Speculation has, Of late years, prera;I...
a great extent in the public lands. Ths
sequence has been thai large portions q ,bs
have become the prcpffty Of individuals !.
companies, and thus the price is grea,i,,
banced to those who desire to pnrcha., !.
actual settlement In srder TO limit tbs -
Of speculation as much as possible IA. :,
tIncrion of the Indian title and the e1Nnss
Of the public surveys ought only 10 keep "a,
with the tide of emigration.
IfCungress should hereafter grant slteru,.
sections 10 States or companies. as they b,,
done heretofore, recommend that the ipr
mediate sections retained by the gorernrp,,
be subject 70 pre- enlption by actual settler,
Ii ought ever to be our cardinal poiicy
reserve the public land. as much as maT /
for actual settlers, and this nj moderate u,
ces. We shall thus not emily best promoted.
prosperity of the new States and Terrier.
and the power Of the CHion. but shall seem,
homes for our posterity for many generatiss
The extension Of cur limits has Lrouss
within cur jurisdiction many additional N
populoas tribes of Indians, large prcp,rti,
of which are wild, untraetable, and diSest
TO control. Predatory and warlike in III,
disposition and habits, il is impossible al.
gether ,U restrain them from committing a.
gre.ssions on each other, rs well s. upon On,
frontier citizens and those emigra,ing "a Or
distant States and Territories. Hence e,De.
siye military expeditions are frequen,ly \.
cessary 70 eyerawe and chastise the ma,
lawlcss and hostile.
The present system Of making them v.ls
able presents to influence them 70 rena. 81
peace, has proved Intellectual Il IS belis,si
70 be the better policy to colonize then n
suitable localities, where they can received,
rudInaents Of education aud be gradually H.
dueed 10 adopt habits Of industry. So fs,u
the experiment has been tried il has verts
well in practice, and it will doubtless prv,.
10 be less expensive than the present system
The whole number Of Indians within on
territorial limits is believed 10 be. frum Il,
beat data ia the Interior Department about
81. 900.
The tribes of Cherukaes, Choctaw., Chicl
asaSs, and Creeks, settled in the territorY 81
apart for them west Of Arkansas, are rapdy
advancing LA education and in all the arts 4
civilization and self government: and We NAV
indulge the agreeable anticipation that q. %
very distant day they will be incorpsratedia.
10 the Unlan IS one of the sovereign States
Ii wil De seen frc;n the report Of the pc.t
master General that the Post 0ffice Depart
ment still continues 10 depend on the tressG
r.. n IL has been compelled 10 do fer several
years past, for an important portion Of h
means Of sustaining and extending its open
lions. Their rapid growth and expansion ar
shown by a decennial statement of the nun.
Der of post Offices, and the length of poi
roads, commencing with the year 1927. In
that year there were : 600 post Offices: in
1887, n.iTI; in lS47. Is, l4G: and in 1851
they number %. $50. In this year |. I25 pOa
otlces have been established and 10i discOu.
tinued, leaving q net increase Of l,02l. The
postmasters Of $50 Offices are appointed BY
the President.
The length Of post roads In 1927 was lb'
$50 miles; in lS37, .242 miles in ISL,
l55,sls miles; and in the year 1851 there as
242,6ol miles of POST road, including - i3p
miles OF railroad, on which the mails are
transporter The expenditures Of the depart.
msns for the fiscal year ending on the SNhdi
June, 1857, as adjusted by the Auditor
amaunted TO Sll .507 ,67o. To defray these
expenditures there was Ia the credit Of the
department. on the 1t Jals, 1856. the sun Of
sIS9 ,599; the gross revenue of the year. IL
eiuding the annual allowances for the trans
portation Of free mail matter, produced
SS.OoS, ,90l; and the remainder was supplied
by the appropriation from the treasury 0l
S2,2oNoas. granted hy ths act of Congress
approved August Is, 1856, and by the sppre'
priatioG Of $6o6. .SS made by the act Of Msrch
). 1857, leaving S252, 76S to be carried to 'h:
credit OF the department. in the accounts Oh
the current year. ! commend to your con-
sideration the report Of the department ID
relatisn to the establishment Of the Overlsaa
mail route from tho Mississippi river to sl
Francisco. California. The route was selecis0
with my full concurrence, as The enc, IN D!
Judgment, best calculated to attain the Id
portant objects contemplated by Congress
The late disastrous monetary revulsion ns!
have one good effect should il cause both ~ ~
government and the people TO return to wv
practice of wise and judicioas eesnony'
beth in public and private expenditures =,
An overaswing treasury has led to DaOia
OF prodigality aud extravaganza in our iesls
lation. 1t has induced Congress to maN
largo A. forr which tlri