The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1857-01-25

O60brN AIr1C8,
under the line. and 80 lar south as the twentieth
parallel, or probably over space nearly Is large as
the peninsula Of HindOstau. That this is osntinu.
Ous finland sea we have no sufficient ground for be-
lieving. That the lakes are united il moro shan
probable; that some of them are of vast magnitude
Is almost certain but not only are we ignorant of
their size, their connections, width, and relations
to each other, but we are not so much as aware
whether or not they torn great IN dependent lake
whether they may not send of portion Of their
waters to the sea. Capt. Burton is OF opinion that
from some of item the Nile derives its supplies.
hope Of meeting the great exploring party now pro
ceedinx southwark from Egypt. and 50 between
them solving problem which has formed the mys-
terry of the past twenty centuries The Greek geo.
gIaphor, PtOemy, speaks of two extensive lakes,
which owe their existence to the melting of the
SHOWS on the Mountains OF the Moon, as feeders OF
the Nile. These he describes as and south, sud
81 and 65 east. II we suostract the correction
of 10 degrees required by all Ptolemys observations
this will place them three or four north. Accord
ing to PtOemy, when the correction just referred to
has been applied, the Mountains of the Moon are
very nearly under tie line, aud this Is the position
these wonderful regions that the eyes geOgraphers
in all parts Of the world are at present directed and
thitherward two bodies Of bold adventurers, one
from Cairo, another from Bombay are at present
directing their steps, with an enterprise before them
sborious and dangerous as it is, often paraleed in
labor and in danger, but never certainly surpassed
in interest
Can the Sultan Rule Turkey :-Can Turkey
Ex1st a NstiOa !:
From the London Times, Dec 81
The unhappy empire for which we have shed 80
much blood and made so many sacrifices seems still
likely to give anxiety and trouble to Europe.
Turkey has gained much by the war, in security
from invasion and in the extension Of the central
If the Ottoman Power now embraces til .ioh terri.
tory north Of the Danube, and Is acknowledged in
the distant Vceroyalty Of Tunis, it is partly due to
the late convulson, and with regard to the Stability
%ens there seems g 70 none The Western Powers,
and particularly England, are anxiouay waiting
for the reforms and the progress which were pro-
missed BY the sanguine friends of the Turkish
tend to be in the secret Of her diplomacy. is willing
to wait until the spasmodic vitality of the last four
years have passed away, and more deadly apathy
than ever has succeeded Turkey itself, in the
vizier, to whom no one can deny great astuteness
and experience is at the head of Affairs but even he
can do little to rescue the State from its embarrsss
ment- The finances are in confusion, which it is
debt, the Harem is in debt, and there is hardly
man Of high. position who 10 not encountered by
heavy liabilities to money lenders. The Porte "a
said to be waiting for the result Of the Conferences
and the final evacuation Of its territory in order TO
turn its attention more particularly to domestic mat
ters But We have heard such things often before and
is not inconsistent with our knowledge of the East
character that there should be always some ques
tion pending which will prevent Turks from exert
ing themselves to fulfil unwilling promises Toe
schemes which English enterprise has originated
ere for the present in allegiance While the Porte Ia
borrowing at enormous interest the sums necessary
for everyday expenditure, it can hardly be expected
to guarantee dividends on many millions sterling,
and indeed. would inspire little confidence il it did
The old remedy for this negligence, apathy, and
want of tone has hitherto been the interference OF
ambassadors. That It has been partially Successful
cannot be denied The Christian Powers have, one
by one, gained their ends; alternately triumphant
or defeated by rivals the several ambassadors aud
ministers have each in thel onR run gained great
concessions for their respective countries and
of the Turkish State But the great result has been
to weaken 70 Porte in its dealings with foreign
powers and the mortify it still more. This feeling
Of resentment and resistance to diplomatic control
is now probably the strongest in the Turkish Off.
cal breast. Each Pasha will make use OF the repre-
sentatives of France or England Austria but there
is not the less concurrence Of them all In detesting
the thraldom from which they cannot rescue them
selves.
This feeling has gained ground since the war. The
Turks now know the strength which they de-
rye from the ealousies Of their allies. To exis: be-
ca NE sse world cannot agree as to partition may
seem yefy unstable tenure Of lite, but in this case
Il IL sufficient. The cry is now for Independence OF
foreign control. Turkey Is received into the Euro
pesn system. The Sultan has seht . plenipoten.
t:nry TO Conference which treated Of she affairs OF
Italy, the security Of Sweden the rgsfs OF neutra1
general interest aud of the highest importance.
fie has entered the family Of European ouarchs-
ne Is the Knight Of the Garter, and rewards Eng
lishmen and Frenchmen with an Order OF his own.
an independent sovereign. Let him 60
vern like other monarchs, and let not the
lord of q vast empire, extending over three
continents, be dictated to in manner to which .
LII. .Af kv,tt th.r~
IL never 70 be Q purely Turkish policy why should
Turkey exist at ali II the country w. to be de-
veloped IL must be by those who live in IL, and I'M.
dersand il "a foreigners cannot IL IL urged tnst
the present system is full OF injustice that good
Minister can do nothing il thuarted by an smbassa
1r who supports his adversary, and that not only
Turkey ham pered, but that there arise continually
those bitter contests between rival diplomatsts
which keep Europe IN disquiet, and form the shief
ern question. The Turkish statesmen, therefore
some openly, some by more subdued MINIMIZING
some only by kind OF inert resistance-sre endea-
voring TO obtain a political independence- The
question II. how far can we approve and assist
them2
The cry Of Turkey Is piteous indeed She only
asks 10 be let alone-to have the cords undone by
which two or throe powerful diplomaii,ts pull her
years in peace. No doubt II will he an experiment.
For fifty years, or since Napoleon established his
influence at CoWtantinope against England and
Russia, there has hardly peen an inoepeusent Iur
key. The world has always been deiiberating, or
signing conventions, or sending squadrons Of occu-
patien. Now the crisis may be said TO have passed
and new age TO have begun. II the country can
he changed for the better now Is the time for refor
mssion. The old system may be said 70 have had
its day. IL did very well for time that is past
the new conditions OF the present require new treat
ment
IL we are then 10 let Turkey govern and legis-
late for hersef control ed by threats and unse.
duccd nv deceptive promises what are we likely
10 gain Financial reform must be the work OF
an honest Turkish government That Redschid
Pacha, Fuad Pscha and two or three others OF
the same stamp, able TO administer the finances
of q nation II credible enough; the question IL,
have they the power and have they the determine
tion7 We are told that the Council OF state contsus
section who are especially intrusted with the audit
OF government accounts and the duty Of Furnishing