The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1857-06-28

ed 10 Diunder, ADDS 70 the dlmcultej Of the silk
question since it appears 10 have facilitated the Ope
rati0ns OF the insurgents In China, who intercept
ing the communications, and in some places render
ing trade with the interior impOsi But in spits
Of all these drawbacks the silk trade OF England i'm
potant it u.s. has less to suffer from the enhanced
price of the raw material than France, we having
only to do with its manufacture and not with its
production; and being moreover less dependent on
from the spread OF the disease. But the necessity
for importing larger quantities OF Eastern silk at
greatly increased cost seriously aggravates the mo-
notary arrangement occasioned by the extraordina-
ny drain of silver which has continued for 80 many
months, reaching at length the amount of GA $50 900
since the Goth of March, to which total about q
instant. Much Of this silver is drawn from France,
replaced, 1t is true to great extent, by god but
in the purchases of Eastern silk made by that coun-
try there is no return of specie direct, and the high
payment Of an unusually large amount Of csin. 1t
Is true that the French crop of silk furnished COM
parativey small portion only OF that consumed at
Lyons, but its failure is not the less important,
coupled as it is with similar deficiency in the other
sources of supply; and we look with some anxiety
for the final results Of the grain and wine crops in
the South failure in which would probably Lead 70
tunately offers too many examples.
The Atlantic Telegraph Enterprise.
PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY OF THE SKA-THE0RIKS o.
MAURY AND oTHEas-rHx ATLANTIC oCKAE-
TEMPERATURES, DEPTHS AND CURRzHrs-EFFsors
OF INSTANTANEOUS CONCENTRATION ON TRADE AND
From the Edinburg Review for APRIL
THEORIES OF MAURY AND or oozAS
Aoquesung fully in the name and distinction Of
steal Geography OF the Sea- we may add that consider
Lieut. Manry worthy Interpreter Of the great pheno
included under this title Attached Superintendent tG
National Observ Aory Washington, he used th
honorable position with much zeal aud high intelligence
in forwarding objects Of singular importance his
country ours and of general interest oil nation
Of the world He published some years ago bis " VIM
and Curren! Chart valuable precursor OF the present
volume To his assiduity working through and seconds,
by his government that conference held at Brus
ses In august 1855 IN which were ,ouud
Sweden, Denmark, Holland, Belgium and Portugal
occupied, II the very time when war sterniy i'm
| pended over Europe, in organizing plans for thoe
cooperative labors the ocean, those mehodical r.
cords Of winds, currents, tides and temperature whio
provide for the peaceful interests and of con
meroal navigation the globe. Austria, Prussia, th
Hanse Towns Spain and Brazil subsequently offered the
90 cooperation in the same great scheme. With observs
lions thus multiplied every sidethe log even of VI
common merchant brig being admitted to its share in n
woIkiscis will speedily become numerous enough
method Of averages now SO potent an aid to all research
has especial application here furnishing secure road
Though Lieutenant Aaury claims all seas for his
vince the larger portion Of his volume is occupied wit
WorId-a very natural effect OF the supreme mportanc
of the Atlantic in the commerce Of Iatons and Of h
greater knowledge thus attained OF all its physical phi
nomena 1t will be that We have given place on
list to another work. by Captain Philippe de Kerhallet,
the French navy, more especial relauou 70 N
ocean-ess scientific In its character than that Of Lac
tenant Marry, and less animated and vigorous in is
scriptve part but nevertheless containing much that Ia
! great practical value for navigation.
| We come with more satisfaction TO the legitimate obje
Of Lieutenant Maurys work-lhe great wa.ery empire
the gobe the aspects and phenomena OF and
their various physical relations, well to the contneB
Islands they enciree the atmosphere ncumbea
al and that farther relation they bear to the ecr
of human industry. inrepdty and skin, which have
dered the most distant paths Of cyen and assured
all nations Of the earth The Atlantic is the especial obe
| of Orrau nd tv We nd
parts Of his volume occupied almost exclusively with Il
ocean. Though may explain the preference, wecann
Of The sea at la ge The subject requires to be prefac
by those general views of the distribution ana rel
tive coraguraon or water and land over the globe, VIII
form the very foundation Of Physical geography, ands
fertile In curious and important conclusions Facts who
stated at ALL are loosely and ncongruorsly scatter
volume ought TO have been put before the read
In some connected FORM as indicating the nature aid mt
| nitude Of the objects concerned. Lieut. Maury pune.
him at once into mid ocean, without compass or guidap
wrl.nss of Humboldt. Ritter, yon Buch, and other
both and materials for preliminary cusp,er i So
as we desire for work bearing this title and dealing
| objects so vast and various in kind.
We may cursorily state here, in Illustration, few
those general facts to which our author might fty hs
given the priority suggested. First, the proportion OF
TO land determined as nearly three TO one: or, In 9th
words that three fourths Of the surface Of the globe
vered with water. Then, the fact important In its ST
geston of disparity In the forces which have acted
the two hemisphercs) Of the grea, Of land in
|
the ratio Of IL to 4; from which condition arise the
rous results that only 12th part existing land has Ia
that the line Of the equator a. grdes the earth rest,
tho ocean for Eve sixhs Of its length. mode
estimating the properties and local relations OF land
sea is Obtained by halylng the globe iongitudina
| on the meridian OF the Canaries; when a
western half or hemisphere 10 deemed than q, be "a
| erp The main fact Of the great performance OF VA
on The surface of the globe being thus proved, and
mean depth We shall see hereafter approximately
termined, reach other conclusions OF nigh interest
almost every part of physical science We will NOT,
only one Of these In which geological theory pas,
prospective is especially concerned. The mcane
walton above the level Of all the land on the globe
islands well rs continents mountains as well AZ pans
Is estimated by Humboldt whs, less than goo 70
The depth Of the great OF planet Ia Gale
lated by Iaplace from the tides and other phenomena
be nj least q oc0 feet Thus, allowing full margin for
rors the entire submergence Of the land might take p
leaving the central sold Of the earth everywhe
deeply covered with waierssn ellpical globe Of
| moving still under the governance or the same subui
laws which had before guided ia path through surrour
| CURRENTS AND TEMPERATURE or Tm cru STREAM
1'is Is enough TO show what shoald have desired
There Il undoubtedly much TO justly his rartisli
tor the Atlantic as q subject Tor illustrate
remarks stu exclusively what concerns this gr
o,ean "a volume fself 10 the 'physical geography Of
sea- Indeed our author devcies his nrs, two chapters
single current Of the Atlantic, but this curreni under
OF the gulf stream, includes pin ysica conditions
remarabs, that we cannot blame the priority thus Civ
| 10 It's history. To use his own WORDS
never fails And in the mirhtes n,,ds never overaows
The Gulf OF Mexico 10 Ia fountain. aud
the Arcc Seas II Ia the gulf stream. There
other such majestic Tow OF waters. lie
pld hs1 TIE Mississippi or the Amazon. AMI lie volume
than thousand times greater LIS waters, out frt
the Gulf as the Csroins coasts OF indigo blue u
waies may be traced By the eye. Omen
Of the vessel may be perceived floating
while the other ha In cnnon water OF the SHARP
the line and such ne want Il affinity between these waite
and such. too the reluctauce speak par
Of the gulf stream to mingle with the common Of
This ejooucnt MASSAGE deunes,o, q, ,err,, ham
chosen some OF tho most striking features OF this vood
ful stream But there yet others 10 be noted; and
shall dwell somewhat In detail a natural phcnomsu
thus 70 markabe. one, 10 viii IN We the pcol
Of the British Isles, have direct and niere
as well In reference 10 commerce and navigation, to
certain and various influences the climate under vii
we live.
The general description Of the gulf stream apart frS
any present question TO its sources Il that
rapid current, issuing from the basin Of Mcxc
Gulf and Caribbean Sea, doubling the southern
florda pressing forwards TO the northeast line aim