The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1857-02-02

10 sspssssiss , shown 70 sasarrass the Prssdsu
nssse u Mr.. Bussasss-so, nos even The Hots
NE ol6 DeUisioa. 0cv. Wise, who n, Of CON
ssse, watching every movement--wil be- made Cox
s.uss re% the ,a ns y. ,dS'nis;,' ss
Germ"
In spoalins Of the Washington Union and the 9
pepne pm nj, Am reminded Of nice htee NJ
when occurred our Ing tbe last session a CougYo
rather which commences then, but emily oglIin}
hv days pnoe M. John Q R,ves-a man who
usdeysssnds Me combisason Of types aad money
any esbcr hvips bsDs-asked Congress 10 allow II
cept--opy oen'-'o. every i've pages q me d
,ioasl CLIO over and above . certain number Of
me request Was indeed small one. Ind Mr.. Rv
txteedipriy clever. pohs~ gentleman. Had he ask
one dollar ior every i've hundred psges wsuld
been reiused-but who voaId vote against an Apr
ton Of only one o<nu No ore; sne the bill passed
sssSans s s's, s,s .ns p.a sS s.ys
sent--so sls,sto. This, viii be remembered,
pure grsiuity In sddinop 10 the $50, oo0 supposed
the annual pvo6,s Of the poo
The InvtsNgsus Commsaee viii aim 10 report
proceedings nett week They will dumbfounde
tnscphhtcated, and think expel several mennbt
ossrtss.
Our Geographical Expiorations-Tne M
tain System Of the United Statss.
WASHINGTON. Jan. go, ID
TO rnE EDITOR or THE HERALD.
the 21d instant, headed [" Geographical Exploraucs
new opbb," may nsIesd the public ~ 70 The sxt
NE Information really possessed by IRE rspogrsI
Department OF the foverpmept, and do injustice 70
snscers Of the army, and other scientific gentle men
have devoted ysars 10 these explorations, n y but p
that brief statement should be made tn relatoa IA
he article begins by calling attention 10 the Hn
published accounts OF explorations In Africa, aAd !
up the subject Of sxpo, ATOMS In the territory
United States with the crrect observatoa tAas
country In the world hss been doing moro n the
exploration than our o~n," remarks that there b
much 10 be learned, and that tour mountain
tenn ID yet almost wholly unknown" aithou(
massyeness exceeds that Of Europe and Asia oombi
The writer then proceeds 10y attempting IN eaumer
and Arrangement Of the cfeeeno ranges) 10 show how
maps mus, be corrected, and says thai m m Ne :
now exiting The topography 10 given IN the most ii
rect manner, indeed many Of the mountains have no
on them at al "ln the map which emaaated from
typographical Department Of the government in 1850.
d considered Of the best authority, the Sierra n
b quite KEN out"
The nist extended exploration into our greas nd
mountain ranges under our government was mad{
Captains Lewis and Clark, q. 6 L., 70 Abe Rocky n
sans, and thence 70 the Pscihc Ocean, m We u
lSo4-v-'o. Then followed hat Of Lieutenant
Pike, q. s. A., In 1906, the results Of which u
mainly lost BY the interference Of the Spanish
vernment Lieutenant Pike, having trespa4
on their domain, WAS made prisoner, and
his notes destroyed. The next exploring party
reached the mountains was that under Major g. q. Id
Typographical Engineers, In 1870, whs explored
eastern 'front.' OF the Rocky Mountains, bs.wosn
sources Of the Platte and Canadian rivers. Thsu Cd
the extensive explorations Of Captain J. O. Frsnout
biographical Engineers, In the years 1s42-l3-A and
whose examinations embraced the Rocky NounAhs n
the sources Of the Arkansas river 70 the spuAh ran
wasasch Mountains in the region contiguous 70 he Or
sat lake; the Sierra Nevada, IN California; tho oase@
Mountains In Oregon, and the Humboldt Noun tains;
ploripg In this time three separate routes hsn
Western frontier 10 the Pacific ooean-of course Law
most Of the great country which he epcsnpsssed {
pioneer still unknown. We next have ths rec
nassanee Of Major ". q. Emory, Topogrsphiea, !
sineers, In ls4s, who Wa The Eng,aeex -
He crossed The ROCKY Mountains near Santa 70, paa
the Sierra Aadre, divide between the waasrs of
Atlantic and Pacific oceans near the sources Of Ne
hmbres and RIO ella, proceeded along the latter sire
70 ~ mouth and crossed the eerra Nsvaia u Wasns
knowledge OF the Rocky Mountains within our tsrriteI
and with Just this amount Of material avAsbe that
map compiled In the Bureau Of Typographical Engnee
The United states On none Of The original nsps 4,
The word Sierra Madre socur, and n b nos Aund IN I
compilation.
The following notes in relation 70 the Sierra Nadrs
taken nom Humboldts {" Ia NouvelSo EspAgAe
THE chain Of mountains which forms the VI
plateau Of Mexico IL the same ~ that which, unt
ne name name Of .hs Andes o. oordi!lssss, .aysn
mountain itself, ola d0 msme do ssowss1ss
forms the plateau; the direction Of the p,stesr, %
'pcak, determining that OF the whole chain the peaks
a lines which have no relauoa Of paraIlelhm wa
Cordeera. To the north OF The 1osh parallel q ~
latitude, near The ceebrased mines Of Aoapan a -
,S ns ss n' Ss"s 81 esfa
Grande and Guanaxuato To the north Of tbs ast city
Sierra Madre assumes an extrsordsary width II -
separates into three branches OF which tho essses amt
loser itself in leon. The western branch extends noF
westerly toward The ella through Sonora fbe Nj
branch Of tho Sierra Madrs, which may DO looked up
- The central chain Of tho Mexican Andes, ocoarcs
Mmbres, thence crosses ssw Mexico and jotns I
Crane Mountains and Sierra Verde. n b the crsst Of
central branch OF the Sierra MAdre that divides the wax
i the C. ntinus.ion Of his ws,sh Fser ss1 ne ss,
Msckense eIsminsd, from the 6oth 70 the ssh parai
Of north latitude.
considered utsin range, but plateau IN
water shed. ana u docs not appear rs . name % I
napa published with Humboldps Ola Nouvale EapAs ns
Mr.. Albert Galatia says, In . communicated 70 Lac
Emory, Tex. document Al, nrst secession thiFteth u
gross,) al use the word 'aerra hadre' n The ssn
attached 10 BY the hexioaps, viz that ridge VIII
separates tho waters that a into the Atlantic non
rivers which empty into Tho Paoisc ocean, Wi
out any reference 10 its elevation |" In ths ssn
II does not correspond with any extssded range
and could only b represented % map 81
line drawn between the SOURCES OF the streams novisg
The two great oceans.
sierra Madre i Also frequeosly used by NE kesscAss
The name OF the largest mountain with which hey q
acquainted.
Sierra hadre Ia sometimes, however, taken - synsu
nous with Rocky Moui tainsas the Article In the HsRA
used IL" Sierra hadre or Rocky Mountains and IN u
sense II represented on the msp emanating frow
Typographical D. psrtment In 1850 veil In We sez
y n used BY Humboldt, a. near - n could be doac
that time.
The number OF miles travelled by sci snene cspscreS
these great mountains within territory, whose vos
were published prior to 1850, may DO stated IN rou
numbers al about IL ooo-tbs nos intended 70 mciu
the travels tho pars 10 the eas OF The Recky hou
tans The reports pu bh3hed since $50 or now N pre-
OF explorations in the mountsins, exceeds ~, 900 mix
aud moro than treblea the Information previously he
on account Of the superior methods Of Observation o
pioyed. The great extent Of country acquired ~
treaty Of Guadalupe HdAlgo the consequent dspersi
and activity Of the army In protesting 20 exeuded no
ton that have OF been lost The thor oueh surveys
The United States Mexican Boundary Oommlsson the y
veyt Of the United Sasos Iapt Oce In California, and
ore gon and washneton Territories and the explorsno
for railroad route TO the Pacific under the War Depa
mint, have all copspsed 10 accumulas an amount
Information wholly uuprtcedebieds In 10 short a Nm
Crowds Of emigraDts and adventurers have crossed