The daily union. [volume] (Washington [D.C.]) 1845-1857, 1857-04-03


ten provinces b. Numerous canals Shanghai in reay
the port Of SouTchou and orma the mart where the tim
bsri sabd provisions, spirits corn, vegetables fruits &C
of the North barered for the sugar indigo black tea
perfumery, crystals &C. OF the South ShaDg-
is visited annually by nearly 800 junks gaugng al
least at 300 hogsheads. The official statistics published
by the Eogish consulate state the value of the foreign
commercial operations Of this nearly 900
year. line of STEAMBOATS, establishes rapid commnn-
cation between Hong Kong ard Shanghai The English,
Americans and Danes have each cousu there aud France
has consular residence.
Descending the Of Chns ard ascending the river
Ta-His reach nisgo, considerable place, but not
v5rabe to foreign In the sixteenth century
the Portuguese founded establishments here which pros
pered for long time in consequence othe proe'ton af
orded by the Chinese emperos These factories were sub
equenty paged and destroyed and the river closed
to strangers until the period Of the English expedition
All the efforts Of European merchan bsspp been able
W 70 this day, TO form important centre Of commerce
there. The trade scarcely exceeds million of francs
nuay. The productions manufactures of NingPo
s!st Of silk, furniture, furs &c
FouCaouF ou, capital of the province of Fo-Kisn, is
situated the river Min, about thirty miles from s
mouth. The difficulties Of navigation which prevent boats
from going up this river have rendered this port almost
useless for foreign commerce
The port OF Annoy dependent the same province Fo-
Kien is The 6h of the ports comprised in the Nankin
islsnd in the midst Of large slope Of the Asiate eonti
neut and the anchorage Is of the finest in the world.
IS here that the productions of the province of FoKien
arc txportcithe tee, paper, sugar, and bamboo This
port is privileged for Chinese emigration Every year
crowds of emigants leave found colonies in the
OF Asia America. This activity of emigration very
favorable to the commerce of Annoy, but the European
is very nconsidrrabe and does exceed two
millions However, the sugar which Fo-Ken furnishes at
very low price could abundany freight vessels for their
return voyage In the year 1916 the English took poses
SIGN OF Kalong-Sou which surrounds the By of Annoy
and commands il.
Having thus glanced at the relation in which England
has hitherto stood towards China by virtue Of the treaties
of 1912 and 1874 it may be interesting the poliii
cal and geographical position OF Raasia whose Asiaiic
possessions approach nearly the northern frontier Of the
Chinese empire.
The first regular commercial relations Of Russa with
China were established by the treaties Of lT2T and 1868
by virtue of which trade concentrated points
the Siberian frontier Kakhta and Khaitou
The frs, of these towns has since been the
porttn centre Of barter between the Russian and Chnese
merchants and is in constant commune alton with Nshn
Novgorod, and P,kn.
The Russians bring Kakhta goods furs bides
leather corn, cattle ironware &c They purchase Of the
Chinese tea sks and China According to the
commercial document published every year by Russia the
value of tao trade amounts about thirty millions an
nually.
During the in the East the prices which
the Russian merchants venured impose the Chinese
Brought shout considerable dninuon in the trade car
ried at Kiakhta. uksse dated 1885, has fixed the
tariff Of trade with the Chnesr aud authorzsd the cxpor
tation of gold to China Up this time the trade had
been carried by barter and the value of every article
determined by Russian and Chinese commissioners.
The treaty of 1868 authorized Russia found the special
college PeSin where interpreters Of the Chinese and Tar
tar languages might be instructed Ii is still in existence
but the professors chsnSed every years. and the
Chinese governor accompanies The in which they
return TO the frontier taking change the route
every year and multiply the turnings for fear these
strangers, who have lived twelve years among them
should remember the roads and fad their way back TO
Pekn. ........ ........
All these precautions of Chinese dstrus however do not
prevent the RTsian government from being very well in
formed this point well Others they have in
Peko among the descendants of the Cosacks well
agents whose qTay of Gaines, shield them from the su
picion of being spes but whose common origin with
Russians aud religion render them fitting subjects to serve
the mother country. These agents the real ediators
between the two governments.
The grand conquess of Russa in China wers made in
s45 Up that time they with the stua
ton assigned them by the treaties particularly that of
1893 but the Of the English with China Terminating
by treaty which opened foreign commerce FIVE Of their
ports, struck blow at The commercial sition OF
Russia.
For long time the Russian merchants obliged TO
uIsrse Il goods imported the different ports opened
t. commerce ard expend presents for
the digniaies OF Pekin whose authority extends over the
trade at Kiakh'a. af
This was not ell The governor of New Archangel sen,
from sitka ship commanded by captain of the imperial
navy open dire.t communication with Central China
Shanghai Notwithstanding the privileges accorded TO
other nations by the treaty Of Prkip this ship Obliged
to 10 anchor at the Opium station.
TIC governor of the port rfased empower the captain
90 up the river uadsr the presext that the treaty made
by China with the English did coeern Russis The
captain insisting returned to Ska but cane again
every year. al the came season. stopping at the
ton, and making purchases OF teas though they were
for smuggling Russia, in the time continued to ne
goatewh The Chinese government with that persever
snce and discretion which mark her diplomacy and now
preparing TO take signal revenge.
In 1852 Russia succeeded In obtaining from the Empe
Of China mart for tbs overland trade of the two
empires under the Of he Market Occidental in oppo
sitioa that of Kiakhia known by the of Market
0rients Ths market Is situated the river rysch
at the point where II in direct communication with
Tobolsk the capital OF Western Siberia This estab-
shment is OF great political and commercial importance
TO Russia not alone ssr for Siberis but point Of
fer the Russian agents. from which they
survey Beskars, Khiva Kouudour, and Kbskhand, OK.
tending their view TO Lahore end Cabonl TIE Chinese
after having resisted the solicitations and
OF Russian diplomacy the subject Of the free
navigation Of the river Amoar hes RIso conceded that
pon, and given up the rghthsnd Of the bay Of
as,re the Pacific ocean, vhsre II has the two import
Int ports OF Lszaren and MsIandrowski BY these con-