The true Democrat., 1857-05-26


 tonAl control a measure which, as an aid to their credit and to internal improvements, is much more efficient than the proposed dstri- button of the public lands would be-
 DUFF GREEN.
 From the New York Herald Emigration South ward--- rtan>a>--- no- tnar Chance for MT. Thayer---O piuion of George Peabody. the Banker.
 MT. George Peabody, the eminent American banker, whose visit to this country has been the subject of frequent newspaper comment- both m consequence ol the reception he has met with, and the generosity he has displayed ln the endowment of several adm rable iuSti- tuuons III return-is reported, since the comple- ton of his tour in the Southern and Western States, to have expressed some opinions which from such source, and relating as they do to subjects which he perfectly understands are entdel to considerable attention.
 This gentleman finds the United States in a condition of general prosperity of which he had no adequate conception; but as d whole he considers the SOutheru States as occupying the most solid and permaneut position ol them all he great staple of cotton makes the whole world forever tributary to them. This Is some thing which at present they alone produce III such quantities as adequately to supply the looms of Europe and our own country, and without which we may almost say the world would % naked. In the Northern States the industrial pursuits of men ar liable to great commercial changes. The form and the char acter of manufactured articles, the course of trade, the demand for shipping and the price of four, are all matters of frequent and dangerous fluctuations, but cotton, under the impulse of an increasing demand, and the chep. hess of its machinery formed novelties, Is a basis on which ts producers may solidly and uatearin9ly ' repose.
 In the new Western States, the rapid advance of the the price of land, consequent upon the formation of new States and the completion of the new railways, Is encouraging spirit of speculation which again threatens the embar. r'ssment of public and private relit as it has before done Ill those parts of oar country.- Capital IS being withdrawn from its le sitimate employment to be laid out in "corner Iots'' in paper cites, there to lie for future gaus, under load of enormous de0t, to secure the future payments of the purchase money; farmers only half cultivate their land, merchants ex.eud their paper in the Atia,tic counting houses, under the expectation of greater profits from their home investments than their regular business. But the cotton producers, though deprived of the excitement of iuordinate speculation, feel that they run no risks iu their own ease but those of the elspns, which are alike to all- They see their wealth steadily and largely in- creasing, though they nave Inc corner lots ahead (of winch bale of cotton woull literally buy acres;) and though they may lament ths want of spinning ml, and shirt manuil.t)ric> they have that without which no mills can spin nor shirts be made.
 Thig fhnu iS thn t,ra..int, oJa nn t,., minds of those strangers who cast q rai i'd glance at the relative res sponsbility and wealth of the various States. And we of the North must admit that this view of the subject is an exceed ingly interesting one, and explains very natur- ally why the SoutherH politicians, getting some vague Idea Ot the ttcts rant aud rave at their commercial powerand importance, and threaten by vehement rivalry to withdraw all our lo- reign trade from our ports to their own.
 But with the admitted fact that cotton is thus king, there Is still a very large breadth of cot ton land totally uncultivated in the United States; and how to turn it to account is the puzzle of Southern statesmen and economists They have gone so far as to propose the revi- val of the slave trade in order to procure labor CTS and have counted the Union itself not worth preserving if they could but extend their cotton fields to advantage.
 For some time past there has been an evi- dent movement in the New England States in favor of emigration to the sOuthward on d large scale, and monster companies have been formed to carry out the idea. The puthern States see in this nothing but an abolition plot---a dark conspiracy to overthrow their domestic institl- tous ''Not a bit of it." The working peo- pie of New EnglAnd are actually starving- They cannot earn enough to keep bodies and Is bor ht, ri tbnir .ii .1, mands large supplies of fuel in their dw sIings, heavy and expensive clothin. on their backs and good sohd carbonaceous foo in their stom- acAs. The climate alone Is hckle enough to rnln the outdoor abonng poor The popula- ton havlng begun to press on each other 1t ls becoming a necessity of life and death to emi- grate to places where the expense of living Is smaller and the demand for labor is the same. The South offers Ill many respects greater ad- vantages than even the West. Without a suf ficient supply of money 10 carry them along for the first year or two in the new States, the con- dlton of poor emigrAnt family Is truly de- plorabe. It IS a fearful and heart breaking struggle against i'll health with a want of means, want of sympathy, want of neighborly kindness want of every thing.
 And now, siuce the demon of speculation has set up his red tlaL in the West, anu Is attract ing purchasers of lands, not for improvement but for a rise, the emigrant in modetate crcum- stances will soon be driven to fresh liells and pastures still newer, to greater distances and tt cheaper soil
 This Is the time, then, for the South by a masterly ma5naumlty, which will produce them handsome profit, to overlook all this abolition nonsense, and encourage emigration to their vacant lands. They have no more vio- lent friends than Northern men with South ern principles, and these last are soon acquired by residence and business transactions at the South. No, 1t is not abolition which IS making the stir; il is food and cheap living which lie at the bottom of these movements, and these are d bond given to fate for the gool behavior of their new allies. Nor must Virginia aud the Carolinas hold back any longer, for we perceive they have a competitor in the field The lea ding journals of New Orleans are beginning to discuss the capabilities, climate, production and importance of the State of Arkansas, and are publishing glowing descriptions of the homes which may be found there. The State has not been hitherto easily accessible from the East, except by descending the Mississippi fal down In one direction, and then ascending its tributaries, the Red river, Arkansas and Qua. chta northernly and westerly again about the same distance. This circumstance has opera ted very injuriously to retard its advancement but is being overcome in great measure, and will be more so by he railroads now penetra. tlng the State from the eastward and southward and giving direct routes of travel, and nearer markets than before.
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