The Hillsdale standard. [volume] (Hillsdale, Mich.) 1851-1909, 1857-05-19
Explanations of horticultural Terms.

Ihere are many Terms uscu III uehcHoiS
fruits and trees no familiar to our young read
ers. A boy asks the meaning of two words,
for which he has searched the dictionary in
vain. We therefore give some of the more
common terms used in fruit culture; which
we have no doubt will be acceptable to all of
our young, and perhaps many Of our older
readers:
Acute-sharp or angular.
Alhurnum-the sap-wood, as distinguish
ed from the heartwood
Acuminate-drawn out to point.
Apex-point, the part of fruit further
est from the footstalk.
Base-lower end, or that portion of fruit,
stalk, or that part of plant, nearest the
supporting part or root.
'ljasn-thc hollow or depression ut the n
pcx or crown of afruit surrounding the calyx.
Beurc--a buttery pear.
Calyx-the ouier or green leaves of flow
err which, remaining on the apex Of pear
O, apple, are often denominated tho eye.
Canes-long bearing shoots; applied to
grapes and raspberres.
Clippiug-t.imming down to some definite
snaps.
Colmar shape-pyrtiorm or pear-shaped,
with rather slender neck and large body.
Conical--tapering regularly towards the
apex
Cockscomb-applicd to the form OF straw
berries when much compressed at the sides,
and having some resemblance to n Cocks
comb.
Crown-thc part Of fruit furthereat from
tho footstalk or base.
Dwarfa-tyccs made dimnutive by groft-
I 4. he e small In
Espalier-a tree trained fat upon trel-
| lis.
En- notwithstanding 20 produce fruit
fulncss by tying the branches downwards.
Fibrous roots--the smaller, branching, or
thrcadike roots.
Forcing-tho early ripening Of fruits by
artificial heat under glass.
Head back-to cut off the entire limbs or
branches on u tree, or 10 Iut uo"" to q" ."
serted bud.
Lay in by the heels-to bury the roots OF
trees temporarily in trench.
Leading sboois-ihe longest or man shoot
of limb or tree.
Loppns-cuttng the granch down to the
stem.
Maiden plan,-a tree Of one years growth
from the bud or graft.
Muehing-covering the ground about
tree with straw or litter to prevent drying.
Obla,e-nattencd, SO that the shortest di-
anctcr is between the base and apex, Ike
fat turnip.
J Oltuse-rounded or blunt
Petals-hower leaves, usually colorcd.
Petoe-leafstalk
Pirpin-an indefinite term applied to va
riops apples.
Pomolocy-tho science Of fruit.
; Pyruuidal-liko pJ Jramid, usually near
j " similar to conical, but longer.
u Rincing-the removal of Il ring OF bar
Q round n branch, TO impede the descending
7 sap.
l Scrratc-notched or cut like saw teeth.
Shorten into cut off moro or less OF tn
;e outer parts of shoots. :.
II Spungiole--the minute spongy eXtremt
d" Of fibrous root.
Sport-an unusual departure or vaFiatio
" in q new Seeding.
g. Spur-a short stubby shoot bearing fru
= or fruitbuds.
H. Standard-a fruit tree in open ground,
'p not trained 70 wall or trellis.
x Stock-secdling tree, which supports t!
:. inserted bud or graft.
IN Stop-to pinch or cut of the point of
shoot. to prevent its further extension
growth.
Strke-to emit.
- - Tap-root-the main or central descendl'
root
Tyellis-an upright, fat frame, for train
y, fruit trees and grapes upon its face.
III Work-a term applied to the budding
grating of trees Rural New Yorker.