The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1857-06-28


srioas passages OF ancient ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
yeh, and Sohnns Poly histor, for examPle-which de-
scribe the pecuares Of the Irish soil and climate eighteen
centuries ago, almost should depict them But
he influence of the gufsteam does not stop here.
he climate may be said 70 convey dihused, more or
d1ce Of which sngular contrast with those Of the
responding atudes in North America Greenland and be
yA other causes doubtless contribute to this effect bat
ssoe, We sPprehend, 90 largely and Increasingly.
We cannot touch upon this VAST topic OF human transit
the Atlantic, whether for commerce or migration,
without recurring once more 10 the history OF the gulf
Though in practical navigation is influence must
or distinctly recorded before the time Of Fankhn whose
sAgacy, applied TO certain special cases, showed him A.
% M gres. current One Of these cases curious enough
% deserve mention When In London, In ITO, he was
scssuied as to memorial sent from Boston 70 The Lords
q The Treasury, complaining that the packets from fa
mouth were generally fortnight longer in reaching Sos
In than common traders from London Rhode Island,
wv who be Ssn II
gnestioned by Franklin, and furnished him with the uue
w.n The gulf stream, and kept out Of it. the captains Of
ms Enghah packets from ignorance or caIe'essnes or
possibly ssdacea BY the more ran sen Ss, nssss
into the current and against II; making diler-
enoe In some parts Of their voyage Of not less than y or
1fom sailing in lower latitude DR.. Franklin made Fol-
ger, whose experience taught him 10 avoid stream in
scurse OF this current had engraved and sent
copies the Falmouth captains. These gentlemen, we'd
sook notice Of the suggestion, and went before.
Franklin also the first to indicate the temperature Of
the gulf stream as valuable aid 70 the navigation OF the
Atlantic, especially on the American coasts; The dividing
Tine between the stream and the cold waters Of the
which hem II in, being SO precise rs well as con-
sApt hat the longitude may often safely DO inferred from
n. Lieut. Hsury afhrms, and we doubt not with truth,
that this dividing line changes s position in long
tude as much as marine then erred their reckoning
He gives very curious Of the relation Of
Me gulf stream to the storms and hurricanes Of this ocean,
70 which due their frequent character Of roatory storms
1ata toll Nha
nomenon SO described. One passage here will tran
Dc1ioe from our author
not d I'm @@ps aa ss gs stream assy
Me march Of every gale that raised there bat the oouse OF
,cy nss a s Pc rise , oa inc
As and even as .r down on ba as the parallel Of 10
son OF log sraigh. Tor he s stream joining s.
Ss stream reorsss ASanae reach shore.
Ss o. len The
oy wreck and A. Ie ae9rnx o. @ AnsEian AS
been wrecked disinas;ed, or damaged.
Another storm, the direction Of which is delineaed in
plate 10 Of this volume commenced more than thousand
miles from the CALF stream made straight course for it,
conditions of whirlwind or cyclone. fearful
disaster, due to ono Of these hurricanes, occurred
regiment Of United States troops from New York Cali
fornia Overtaken by the storm in crossing the gulf
srea l79 soEs officers and men, were swept overheard
and peTshed In this case the knowledge possessed Of
stream, ils limits, direction velocity, SC, greatly
aided what done for the discovery and relief of the
unfortunate ship in question. The import OF these and
many similar facts guidance Of Atlantic nav;
gatien will readily be understood. may be hard for
them 10 account in theory but their practical value cannot
be doubted or mistaken.
ATMOSPHERIC PHENOMENA ATLANTIC ocEAS-EFFEcrs
ANIMAL AND VEGETABLE LIE.
Intending, we have already said, 10 con1no our re-
marks chiefly that ocean-he Aanto-on which Lieut..
EAnry himself best loves 10 expaate, shall follow him
bird Sursh md ft chapers Of his work relate to the
Atmosphere In It's various connection with the physical
geography othe sea, a. expressed By the phenomena OF
gndf Of evaporation OF rains OF fogs OF temperature and
Of electrical changesa subject and less complex
.bau Multiplied though all It's records have been OF
HE years, and made minute and accurate well
numerous neteoroogy canno yet take us place among
the exact fccrccs We have Just named some Of tho
topics il ncludeg, bat here ye, others which mix
with and compnc.e all the results OF observation The
weight Of the ar one OF heseRu element involved az
effect in almost ell other atmosphere changes, and
deeply concerned any theory Of the winds Again, we
those conditions OF electricity, which expressed
BY - wonderful phencrona Of magnetism, acting through
am toon oil parts Of the globesohd fluid and aerial
ara brought before under by Professor
Tgaday discovery Of the magnetic properties Of oxygen
q modified by heat Even that other subtle elems1i OF
Krhtr indeed, II be another and separate elementary
= some sort affect the atmosphere through which -
action 70 .ns co rss sna
vered heat there be no doubt OF this inf lence
But The marvellous results which science mas ootnea
nc the chemical action OF light, In the various fors OF
po,ography Justify the belief that ether analogous eecs
nav EXIT though yet hidden from human Observation
NJ s,ectric states Of atmosphere can convert oxygen
in.o sTonc light derent degrees Of intensity, can
not well be supposed without inf renee, even on the NOR
rnn parts the aerial medium through which It's PAT
sare bes We know well is wonderful power in evosng
DC organic life, with tie germs Of which the atmosphere
teens and mere evn aruss Of 70 s seo
ccncurrng with other causes TO deEue tnose successive
strata Of animal and vegetable life which are so curous
Affected the alt OF the marine dredgnss and sound
We dcvate thus far IRON our direct subject, merely to
rcpt out the singular comrexy OF these elements and
rearons which make up the history Of atmospheric phe
notueua whether ocean or hnd Sach aud SO ciose,
these relations, that scarcely cnsnse can ocsur IN
k<s the balance or all. Science seekirs 70 dsentange
tbese elements Of scen; and 10 obtain oon more exact
re~o and know ledge Of the relative agency OF each in
produs,ng them Bat longer time and wider averages
required TO this end; and meanwhile what W. must re-
rard AZ ncodru NJ patient and prccso observation IN all
ssr,s OF the be- aud 10 all Chimes and aided by
such amount Of provisional theory a. may serve 70 be
guidance Of Tcseach, and 70 bind iac@ toge ho unui
hey can Submitted 10 the governance OF general laws
NE ATLANTIC ESIERrHlI-Ifs PROBABLE PROFITS AND pFiU
wossrno, aroyd yunce and Il would be alien TO cur
vnbest 10 date this extraordinary proee.; bus IN toe
puosolned we give few OF the more important dc.
ssn VII ,e,c,si a. well .. scicpss
The capital destined 10 this enterprise ESQ )oo cvi'
Cd into o shares Of q 600 each 262 Of which hsse been
ken In Epgand IS in America. The British govcruuc nt
beedes certain pro iuary aids guarantees ror cent on
Ihe CAPITAL when and long ~ the telegraph . 10 work
ing order, In remuneration for AL he work done On
me submarine cable through which the electrical chr.
rent win be conveyed 10 use Conventional language
which future ledge may alter three fourihs OF GA
sueh In diameter Tie copper conducting Unes pa
broush IT, coated ,esurely with guta percha aud thia
central portion Of The cable g covered and protected by
rrnpds OF iron wire, eighteen number each OF hese
composed Of seven threads loosely tviscd together
me weight Of the cable Is about 1900 io5 somewhat
is.s man ton, 70 the mile though exceedingly aexi
be- is capable Of supporting six miles OF s own lngh
saspended vertically n water me contract We under
readiness for use by the end Of ncxt May.
The snbmersion, according TO present PLAN, 70 DC
esccte ~ two steamer each conveying half the cable
TbpTr lo.