Lynchburg daily Virginian. [volume] (Lynchburg [Va.]) 1852-1861, 1857-01-20


principal powers Of Europe shall again meet u
conference at Paris to eons,rue certain points
out of which controversies have arisen with ref
erence to the DEGREES of the Peace Congress and
10 adjust, upon a new and permanent OASIS 9th
er questions of embarrassment and dispute that
have grown up in the relations OF the different
European governments toward each other. The
conferences will be held, as is supposed, in Feb
ruary or March. When it adjourned last March.
it was, a. the New Orleans Picayune remarks.
amidst the general joy of Europe that peace had
a, length been reesiablished. Those who had
been engaged in deadly conflict with each other
became magnanimous allies, and had oomposedly
laid down a programme Of settlement for all their
difficulties, out of which harmony, or at least
unbroken quiet, was to be secured. As soon as
peace was fairly concluded, il became evident
and has since been confessed, that the party
which was victorious in arms. and, holding the
part of triumphant dictator. had granted terms
which were Wanted generous and disnter-
ested. was on the verge of bankruptcy. and need
ed q cessation of arms TO protect itself against
the most formidable intestine distractions. The
party which, worstcd by and land, had lost
fleets, armies and fortresses, assumes the atti-
tude of proud superiority. and deals with its Int
enemies as though i, had been the conqueror,
and entitled TO a voice potential, if not decisive.
in the counsels of oil Europe. The Conference
was hardly adjourned before these things exhibit
ted themselves in the intercourse of courts, and
disclosed the fact that peace was not n sincere
adjustment of difficulties, permanent settle
ment of relations, but buried compact emana-
ting from political necessities and wanting all
the elements of cordially and durability.
1t reassembles under circumstances which will
task the abilities Of the most sklful diplomatsts
among them, to preserve the appearance of con-
cord among them. and 10 reconcile their alliance
with the maintenance of peace Embarrassments
have thickened around them-they msunder-
stand and disagree with each other on essential
points, and in hostile temper, aud the conflicts
Of interests and opinions, well Of govern
ments as among the masses, have prepared for
them new questions of infinite completely, and
full of the materials for discord. Whatever they
did before has shown itself 10 have been improp-
erly done, hurried in fact, to get over emor.
gency. and what they may propose 10 DO is enyi-
roned with the same embnrrassmenis, aud will
Pile Of expediency for the present. putting off the
day of conflict as long as it is possible.
They have TO meet the boundary difficulty with
Russia about Bolgrad, which is in fact the que,
ton whether tho exclusion of Russia from naval
depot the Black Sea is to be ren They have
to discuss the dispute about the Isle of serpent-,
which is in reality the question whether Russia
shall maintain a position TO control the com
merce of central Europe. which comes down the
Danube. They have 10 consider tho Russian
dismantlement of the Asnio fortresses. which
is really proclamation of her resoluto purpose
to resume there, at no distant day, the dominion
from which they thought to have expelled her.
They have to reconcile the continued oocupa-
ton by the Austrians Of the Turkish Principal
ties on the Danube. and the continued presence
OF the English fleets in the Black Sea. with the
consideration they must express for the good
faith Of Russia, whom they are thus threatening;
and they must dispose rs they can Of the teuds
which break out constantly at the Court OF the
Sultan among the representatives of rival oab
nets. that must appear at Paris 10 be cordial to-
gether and full Of distinguished consideration
and the highest confidence.
These perplexities are formidable enough to
try their skill, but they not by any means
the greatest which they will be called upon to
grapple with. There are international difficult
ties of very grave character springing up in
various quarters, which, ifnot compromised in
some way may make all the abors of the Con
ference for peace utterly null,and involve all Eu-
rope in wars, which, once begun may get be-
yond the control of courts or sovereigns, and end
in the total overthrow of thom and the systems
of which they are part
There is the Neapolitan difficulty. which in
oludes the question of the right of foreign inter
position in the domestic government of States,on
the plea Of the rights of good neighborhood and
the dictates of Humanity which, by every
interpretation. may excuse the interference of
the strong everywhere, for evil as well as for
good. The case has rnmifcations which reach
into neighboring countries, 10 disturb them, es
pecially touching the security OF the French
Emperor and his dynasty against the terrific az
itations which revolution in Naples, tolerated,
or fomented by foreign interference would be
sure to spread throughout France.
There is, too, the Prussian difficulty with
Neuichatel. which, apparently insignificant has
its dangerous aspects to peace SO uncertain us
that which exists among powers i'll disposed in
feeling and of opposite systems and opinions
Neufchatel, canton of Switzerland, once owed
allegiance to Prussia, which was long since Civ
en- up by treaty. An instruction broke out there
in favor Of return TO Prussia, and it has been
quelled by the Swiss authorities; but Prussia in.
directly renews her old claim of authority. and
demands the release Of the prisoners. The de-
mand is refused. and the interpostion of Europe