davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The south-western. [volume] (Shreveport, La.) 1852-1870, 1857-04-29

Valencenne and Gypure sets;
Filet Mitts and Gloves;
Fans, Parasos, Marquesses;
Linen Cambrcs and Lawns;
Swiss Muslins; Jaconets; Nansook.
Aso-A full assortment of Mantas, such as Lace
and Chanlas squares, of every variety and descrp-
ton; 20 pieces white and colored Mating; Window
Shades and fixtures.
If cheapness in price and superior quality, is an in
ducement to our lady customers, they would do well
to call early at the store of
anrl G. Mr. LEVY g. Co
The south-western. [volume] (Shreveport, La.) 1852-1870, 1857-04-29
New Orleans & Shreveport Packet.

SEa1GzrA n The we'll known passenger steamboat
|. ssAsaaffE5 4azaiE3l ST. CHARLES, VIM D. BATE
zs-Ezssss= MAN, master, will resume her trips,
the first rise on water, regular packet between N.
Oileans and Shreveport touching at Grand Bayou,
Campte, Grand Ecore and all intermediate landings
and plantations. The St. Charles has been thoroughly
overhaued and put in fine order, and is in all respects
as good as new, and for comfort and fine accommo
daons unsurpassed by any boat in the trade. Her
commander solicts continuance Of the liberal pat
ronage heretofore extended to the boat, pedgng him
self that nothing shall be wanting his part to give
satisfaction to shippers and Travellers orfreight or
nosSara annly on hoard sep3 ID
The south-western. [volume] (Shreveport, La.) 1852-1870, 1857-04-29
Snring and Summer!

Spring and Summer!
s WE respectfully call attention to the fol- nm MN
w. lowing Goods, just received and now E'DAlIt1
* offered for sale at the Very Lowest New IVY
Orleans Prices:
Fashionable Organizes;
Flounced Bareges;
French Jaconets,
New style Calicoes;
Fine Linen Checks,
The south-western. [volume] (Shreveport, La.) 1852-1870, 1857-04-29
New Orleans & Upper Red River Packet.

The entirely new last running Steamer
clEz44zzsA ERA, JOHN KoUNs, master, (BENJ.
sessssazzs KoUNs, clerk has commenced her trips
as a regular packet in the upper Red River trade
taking freight for Preston, Bonham Pine Bluff,
Wright's landing, Rowland, Lanesport, Spanish Bluffs,
White Cliffs, Fulton, and all intermediate landings on
upper Red River and its tributaries. The Era was
built during the present winter expressly for the trade
and will run regularly all seasons of the year, when
the water will permit. She is unusually staunch and
very light draught--drawng only twelve inches light,
and carries TOO bales of cotton on three feet water
and is provided with all the latest improvements. Her
officers will give prompt personal attention to all bus
mess entrusted the boat. For freight or passage,
apply on board. - @.. -
***Telegraph, Washington; and Standard, Clarks-
Vile COW for three months. 5Tza. zl 4z[, decl7
The south-western. [volume] (Shreveport, La.) 1852-1870, 1857-04-29
Washing for the Million!

TIME trials and peFplex'es Of washing day are OBJ
j. vipted by using
John Mechesney's Patent Washing Machine.
The greatest invention Of the age for washing, and
adapted 70 The wants Of every family in the Union and
will wash more clothes, with less labor than any 9TH
machine now In use, and with less injury than by
hand on common washbeard 1t has been fully
tested the finest fabrics, md will wash any thing
from bed quilt to lace collar without the least bil
ry. Price ss25, All orders, accompanied by cash OF
draft, will be promptly filled, and machines shipped
without delay. The undersigned are sole propretors
for the State of louisiana and also agents for the sale
OF State and county rights. Office No. 81 CAMP
STREET, New Orleans. ... 49,
april % GOODWIN, DAUGHERTY &, Co.
The south-western. [volume] (Shreveport, La.) 1852-1870, 1857-04-29
SHREVEPORT AUCTTON STORE,

THE subscriber, having taken the cornerbrck build
Il ing on Texas and Market streets, Opposite the
market house, has opened GENERAL AucT1oN STORE
and now ready receive goods every description
on consignment. Having been for many years
gagged in the business he atters hselfto give salts
faction all who may honor hirnWith call. His reg
uar days of sale Tuesday. Thursday and Saturday,
any other day. when business demands his attention.
Will give particular attention to the selling of Ne
groes, Real Estate, Horses and Succession Sales.
Liberal cash advances made on consignments of
Groceries. A. .HEINE, Auctioneer
Shreveport January TO- 1855
The south-western. [volume] (Shreveport, La.) 1852-1870, 1857-04-29
NEWLY REPLENISHED!

hEtoH ARRI v ALS.!
TTNHL Lace and Chantla Mantels, for which there
i has been such a great demand, have arrived per
steamer Duke. Also, other Novelties for ladies'
The goods will be opened to-day. Those who call
early w i'll have the first choice.
anrl5 G. M LEVY & Co.
The south-western. [volume] (Shreveport, La.) 1852-1870, 1857-04-29
Caution.

A LII persons are Hereby notified not to credit my
n husband, Joshua S. Hale, on my account as
will not pay any debts contracted or that may be con-
tracted BY him, unless compelled by law.
Caddo narjsh AprIS. 1S57.5ts SARAH HALE
The south-western. [volume] (Shreveport, La.) 1852-1870, 1857-04-29
Upper Red River 4 New Orleans Packet.

II @NN#1-, = HE and fast running steamboat
s<sEzHss5ff fgs5ai BELLE SULPHUR, A. CAR
=zzsEzzzssEzz LILLE, masters R. c. HUTcHIsoN clerk,
has commenced her regular trips as packet in the
upper Red River and New Orleans trade, touching at
all intermediate landings and points. The Belle is en-
tircy new being just out of ship-buiders' hands, Is
unusually staunch, is provided with all modern i'm
proveInents and ranks A. l. in all the insurance Of
fees She has comfortable accommo dations for pas
sengers and in point of speed and saetyis unsnrpass
ed by any boat in the trade. Her officers will pay par
ticuar attention any business entrusted to the boat
and make of every exertion to give satisaction-
For freirht or massage, apply on board. nova
The south-western. [volume] (Shreveport, La.) 1852-1870, 1857-04-29
-~~N0~~~N~N~~~~~~-N~~~~ |~N~0~OI@~rO~~N--~~-N-
A Card

u THE undersigned, passengers on board the new
and excellent steamer JOSEPH HOLDEN, on her
upward trip from New Orleans, take great pleasure
in giving expression to their appreciation of the emf
nent qualifications of the polite and gentlemanly
Captain Martin, for the very responsible position
which he occupies master of said steamer; also
to the strength, safety and proves of his excellent
boat, with which we have been most favorably I'M
pressed but above ALL with the eternal vigilance of
Captain Martin himself, who is always at his post
We leave her this morning with many thanks to her
polite and gentlemanly officers for the kind attention
received at their hands during the trip, and with the
hope that she may receive that liberal patronage to
which her merits so much entitle her.
John A. Jordan, J. S. Nash, ]. G. Deck, Daniel
ellis, John Dunagan, A. j. H. GLADDEN., jeremiah
Harwell, George W. Ross, James Herring, E. M.
Stackpole J. F. Warren, S. L. Sommers. Ladies-E.
NJ. Jordan, NJ. A. Crump, S. A. Gamble, E. E, Irwin
Shreveport, April %, 1857. a29-l t*
The south-western. [volume] (Shreveport, La.) 1852-1870, 1857-04-29
Notice..
n. HUWET D.. z HAMILIUN s. HUWFl4li
J. N. HOWELL q Co.,
Receiving and Forwarding Merchants,

On the Leyee, Shreveport, La.
HAVE purchased the well known building former
Il i ly occupied by Messrs. Douglass & Dashiel, on
the Levee Cat the Steamboat landing,} and are now
prepared to receive, forward cotton and mer-
chandse of every description at as low rates as any
respectable house in Shreveport. Our warehouses are
immcdiatelyon the banks of the river, and among the
largest and most convenient in the country, winch
renders our facilities for storing and shipping cotton
equal if not superior that possessed by any other es-
adjustment on Red River.
Cotton will be shipped without being exposed to
mud or rain. All goods will be promptly forwarded
according to orders; and every attention will be paid
to the interests of our patrons.
We are prepared to make liberal cash advances on
cotton goods sent to our care. ... .=.-5..
We keep constantly on hand complete assortment
of groceries, provisions -four bacon, salt sugar, mo-
lasses, Coffee tea candles, soap whskey, brandy gin,
rum, wines, syrups, tobacco snuff, fancy groceries,
castings, nails, etc. which will be sold at the lowest
prices. Eu.s. . ..... June2o
The south-western. [volume] (Shreveport, La.) 1852-1870, 1857-04-29
ShreyeDOrt, Jefferson 81 Lake Packet.

fsfNzas a The entirely new and very light draught
X l1tssFzztHs5asaFs3f steamer VA. T.. DAUGHEHsTY
sss-szszss-sz J. w. MARTIN, master, has commenced
her trips as regular packet between Shreveport and
Jeferson touching at Port Caddo, Benton, Smthand,
and all landings and plantations the river and lake.
The Duugherty is new, very staunch, light draught,
and having been built expressly for passenger pack
ct with commodious cabins fitted up with staterooms,
is particularly adapted to the trade Her officers will
pay particular attention to all business entrusted to
them and make of every exerton to give satisac
ton. For freight or passage, having fine accommo-
datons apply on board. efE -
The NJ l.. Daugherty viii connect at Shreveport,
with the New Oreans packet Duke, and will take
freight and passengers for NJ Orleans, to be forwarded
by that boat Passengers and shippers may rely that
every effort will be made by the officers Of both boats
to give entire satisfaction. an7
The south-western. [volume] (Shreveport, La.) 1852-1870, 1857-04-29
Malice,

4 Ii debts contracted by the steamer T e,
Il between the 25th December, 1856, and the 18th
March, 1857, will be settled on presentation to
J. N. HOWELL & Co.
Shreveport April Is. 1s57.-3t --- -
The south-western. [volume] (Shreveport, La.) 1852-1870, 1857-04-29
REUBEN WHITE. JNo. w. SMITH JOS. w. BALDWIN.
WHITE, SMITH q BALDWIN, ~-#
Receiving, Forwarding and Commission
r. N IT g HE-o= BE- -a-a

Groceries, Boat and Bar Stores,
Ez PLANTATION SUPPLIES, &c.
Corner of Commerce and Milan streets, Shreveport.
TTAVING purchased from Mr. E. C.. Hart the com
[ modious Brick Warehouses, formerly occupied
by Mr. L. E. Carter and more recently by Mr.. Nat.
Moore we are prepared to receive and store cot
ton merchandise and produce, and solicit the patron
age of our friends and the public pledgng ourselves
to give prompt attention to all business entrusted to
our care We will keep on hand at all times large
and complete stock of Plantation Supplies, Beat and
Bar Stores and Groceries, of all descriptions to which
we request the attention of purchasers.
n B. Our entire charges for receiving, storing and
shipping cotton, will be twenty-five cents per bale.
Shreveport April 9, 1856. "s
The south-western. [volume] (Shreveport, La.) 1852-1870, 1857-04-29
For Treasurer,

For Treasurer.
1--WE authorised to announce VIM. A. STER-
RETT, a candidate for reelection to the office Of
TREASURER of the town of Shreveport. Election, on
Monday next, 4th May. 49,.
The south-western. [volume] (Shreveport, La.) 1852-1870, 1857-04-29
New Orleans, Shreveport 4 Jefferson
- ~ -. p A GKED e.

zsaf The entirely new, fast running steamer
&ssz zzEs8 ALTON, Dr., ]. S. SMITH, mas
ter, will run during the entire season as regular
packet between New Orleans and Shreveport, Port
Caddo, Benton, Smthand, Jefferson and all interme
date landings ard plantations. The Alton is entirely
built expressly for the trade. Her officers will pay
particular attention any business entrusted to the
boat and make use Of every exertion give sasfac-
ton. For freight or passage apply on board. feb25
The south-western. [volume] (Shreveport, La.) 1852-1870, 1857-04-29
Removal.

~ REMOVAL. "A f###
A A. ENOS, has removed his Clothing Store and
N. Tailoring Establishment to the rear rooms Of
the building occupied the Clerks Office, Market
street AS he met with heavy losses by the late dsas
trous conflteraon, he earnestly hopes that all those
who are indebted to him will come forward and set
te and by so doing enable him repenish his stock
Shreveport, January %, 1857.
The south-western. [volume] (Shreveport, La.) 1852-1870, 1857-04-29
Trabue's Auction Rooms,

Texas street. Shreveport.
GALES EVERY DAY, commencing at 10 o'clock,
~ A. NJ, and every night, at early candle-light:
Dry Goods, Caps, Groceries,
Clothing, Boots, Hardware,
Hats Shoes, Furniture,
And great variety Of Goods suitable for planters and
housekeepcrs. Also, Negroes, Horses, Mules, gold
and silver Watches, Guns. etc. etc. nov5
Real Estate and General Agency.
WIN. G. TRABUE, will give his attentionto the
w sale and purchase of Real Estate in Shreveport,
or Caddo parish, paying taxes, etc. He has on hand
some desirable property for sale rent,
dating terms m .s .sz.= octo
The south-western. [volume] (Shreveport, La.) 1852-1870, 1857-04-29
Malice.

TOHN NJ. LANDRUM Esq, is my duly authorised
d agent and attorney in fact during my temporary
absence from the State. j. w. TYSON. g
Sbreyenort. April /, 1857.
The south-western. [volume] (Shreveport, La.) 1852-1870, 1857-04-29
w G. TRABUE,
AuctiOncer and Commission Merchant,

Texas street, Shreveport, La.
4 GENT for the sale Of Bagging. Rope, Lowells,
N Jeans, Kerseys, Lnseys, Cotton Yarns, Tobacco,
Ploughs, Iron Nails Western Produce and Plantation
L. nr,rs1l
The south-western. [volume] (Shreveport, La.) 1852-1870, 1857-04-29

- ~ SADDLERY, HARNESS., -
ca India Rubber Gill Bands, &c.
- THE undersigned would respectfully -1LLA
call attention his large stock of Saddles and Har-
ness as he has now the most extensive and complete
assortment in his line offered in this market, and
which he is determined sell at the Lowest possible
Rates. He has always on hand large stock of
INDIA RUBBER GIN-BANDS,
Manufactured to ORDER expressly for this market, at
the celebrated works OF the Boston Betting Company,
which he will sell low Planters and others nvi-
ted to give him call. '.- Fl. A ZOLL, ~
dec5 .= o... ' Texas street.
The south-western. [volume] (Shreveport, La.) 1852-1870, 1857-04-29
Dean Cotton Seed.

YXTE have received on consignment few bags OF
Wv the celebrated Dean Cotton Seed which will
be sold al one dollar per bnshel If Immediately appli
ID for 5 FapsilI # lELESBY s. GhISWlLD.
The south-western. [volume] (Shreveport, La.) 1852-1870, 1857-04-29

The R. W. Adams was built expressly for the trade,
can carry 5000 bales of cotton, and has unusually COM
modious cabins with unsurpassed accommodations for
passengers. Her officers will pay every attention to
any business entrusted TO them, and use every effort to
deserve patronage. For freight or passage, apply
hoard n1arcblI
The south-western. [volume] (Shreveport, La.) 1852-1870, 1857-04-29

1t being an undsputed fact that none compete
with them either in assortment or cheapness they in
ve the ladies of Shreveport and its vicinity, and par
ticularly those that good judges, to their well Sc
lected stock of fashionable Merinos and Cashmeres,
their Embroderies and Dress Silks.
New Goods are received by every boat.
Orders from the country are carefully attended to.
Shreveport. December TO- 1856 f'~ t5.." ..
The south-western. [volume] (Shreveport, La.) 1852-1870, 1857-04-29
State of Louisiana---Parish Of Caddo.

State OF Louls1ana---PaI1sh OF CaddO
TN DISTRICT COURT-Sueeessien of W. W. Wal
L ton, Deceased. Notice is hereby given that RICH
D. SALE, curator of the succession of w.
W. Walton has this day filed ia said his final &C
count and tabeau in said succession, which he prays
may be homologated and approved by the court, and
his bond as curator cancelled And unless opposition is
made thereto in thirty days the time prescribed by law
said account will be homoogated, approved and made
the judgment of the court, and his bond cancelled.
prayed for. 4aM.-.. ..,- ..s
~ Given under my hand and seal of Office, this
! L. S. 18th day OF March, A. D. 1857
t~S R. T. BUCKNER,
m956t Clerk
The south-western. [volume] (Shreveport, La.) 1852-1870, 1857-04-29
office.
A7 JOHN WALTERS,
Wholesale aud Retail Dealer in 49,.
Fancy and Staple Dry Goods, Groceries,
Clothing, Hats, Boots, Shoes, &c.,

Clothing, Hats, Hoots 5hoeB 6zc., n
Texas street, Shreveport, ,..'.+-
TIAS Just received one Of the largest and best as
Ii sorted stocks Of Dry Goods ever brought to this
market to which additions are made by every arrival,
comprising in part silks, tissues, berages and every
description Of the most fashionable dress goods for la
des eaieoes of oil eoors and qualities, merinoes,
nannels cloths lowells nseys linens, drillngs, dia
pers, etc., etc. large aud varied assortment Of the
most fashionable styles OF hats, caps, boots and shoes;
CATERS Shoes slippers and brogans for ladies' misses
and children; boys boots and shoes. large assert
tnent Of fashionable ready-made clothing. variety
of saddles for both ladies and gentlemen, brides col
lars, blankets, hardware, iron, cutlery, tools, nails,
crockery, queensware, glassware, china, etc ..
Also-A large stock offresh aud genuine Groceries,
consisting of bacon mess pork sugar. moasses, coffee,
tea chocolate, -four lard SALT pepper spice, mackere,
candles, liquors of all kinds, wines, etc.
Terms-Cash, or time to strictly punctual GUS
TONER'S april Is
The south-western. [volume] (Shreveport, La.) 1852-1870, 1857-04-29

Tax Collectors Sale. o..
10y virtue of the authority IN me vested, will sell
D at public auction in front OF the Court house, n
the town of Shreveport on SATURDAY, the 9th day Of
May, 1851, between the hours OF Ii o'clock, A. and
a, P. M, the following described property, belonging
to B, t. Hodge, towit Lot No. l. in block So, in the
town Of Shreveport. parish of Caddo Seized and to
be sold to pay the railroad taxes due thereon.
Terms of sale-cash. B. r. SCOGIN,
aprilI Collector.
The south-western. [volume] (Shreveport, La.) 1852-1870, 1857-04-29
New Orleans 4 Red River Packet.

;seaaaan, = THE new, substantial and fast running
le En- 5ftttHtlF5f steamer SWAN, CHARLES HAYES,
zss=zgszssssz master, &c. F. Hayes, cerk,) has
sumed her regular trips in the Red River trade, and
will continue running SO long as the water will permit.
The Swan was built expressly for Red River packet,
is very staunch of light draught, and new throughout
Her officers will pay particular personal attention TO
any business entrusted to the boat. and make of
every effort give satisfaction. For freight or pas
sage having fine accommodating, apply board. q 10
The south-western. [volume] (Shreveport, La.) 1852-1870, 1857-04-29
New orleans s. Shreveport Packet.

ssamMan IA TUE entirely new, fast running passen-
khzssEfT ger steamboat R. wv. ADAMS,
E.=zzszz=zzAz CHAs E. MARSHALL, master has COM
menced her regular trips, as Shreveport and New
Orleans packet, touching at the mouth Of Loggy Ba-
you, Grand Bayou, Campt6, Grand Ecore, Alexan-
dra. and all intermediate landings leaving Shreveport
every alternate Saturday, viz:
The south-western. [volume] (Shreveport, La.) 1852-1870, 1857-04-29
Mattresses.

fENHE undersigned would inform the citizens of
Il Shreveport and its vicinity that he keeps on hand
large assortment Of Mattresses Of all kinds, which
he will sell very low for cash. Mattresses made to
order. 1feb25l VIM. PIGG.
The south-western. [volume] (Shreveport, La.) 1852-1870, 1857-04-29


- The qualified voters Of the town Of Shreve-
- port are hereby notified that in conformity
law an election will be held at the places designa-
ted below, in the different wards in said town the
first Monday of May, 1857, between the hours of 10
O'Clock, NJ, and o'clock, M, for mayor trea-
surer and trustees for said town. for and dur
ing the of one year. One trustee be elected
in each ward, except ward No. 2. in which two
tees are to be elected. The election will be held for
the different wards the following places:
In ward No. 1, at Baer's house, back of NJ. Baer's
store, Formerly occupied by Sophia Norman.)
In ward No 2, at the mayors office.
Sc "3, at A. J. Htchcock's livery stable.
Sc 4, at the court house.
6 60 5, at G. FL. Barlows store, Texas street,
GO &c, at B. Bankers house.
Now therefore, the commissioners hereby author
ised and instructed hold said election the
places above designated in the different wards in this
town at the time above specified for the purpose of
electing said officers and Immediately after closing
the polls make their to the undersigned Polls
to be opened 10 O'Clock, ~, and closed four
O'Clock, Pm J. w. JONES, Mayor.
Shreveport, April l, 1s57.
Election Notice.
rs The Commissioners of Elections for Ward
49, No. Five, Caddo parish, hereby notified
and required hold election the precinct in said
ward Saturday, I'd Nay next to elect Justice of
the Peace to fill the vacancy in said ward, occasoned
by the resignation of VIM. Beall, esq. And to make
due return of the same according to law.
ROB'T L. GILMER,
AMI Pres't Police jury Caddo parish
The south-western. [volume] (Shreveport, La.) 1852-1870, 1857-04-29

EMOVAL-M BAER has removed from his old
IN stand 10 the corner of Texas and Spring streets,
where he is prepared to accommodate his friends and
customers, +m-,.,.... .~nv...r janl4
The south-western. [volume] (Shreveport, La.) 1852-1870, 1857-04-29
a AGRICULTURAL DEPOT
AND COMMISSION WAREHOUSE,
Foot of Texas street, on the riyer-bank,
Shreveport.

~ THEsubscribers, having S-cyr-rrrA
SS-N5 purchased the large
zyM.ssSsszszs new warehouse at the -
foot Of Texas street, prepared to receive consign
ments on sale or storage. Our charges will be mode
rate, and prompt returns made in such form as our
correspondents may wish.
We can furnish merchants, planters and Others with
Poughs, Cultivators, Cotton Scrapers, Gins, Gin
Bands, Wheat Fans, Hoes, Axes, etc.
Iron and Nails Of every description; Lime, Cement
Plaster Of Paris, Hair, Guano, Corn, Oats, Cotton
Seed, etc. [anl4l CARTER & SHIVERS.
IRON AND NAILS-Just received a large stock
Il of Iron and Nails, which will be sold at the lowest
rates. [febl8l w. II. g. HUDGINS.
WHITE LEAD, Putty, Paints, Oils, ETC.. land
w ing and forsale by 4 gas 73za
febls .s w. he. HuDGINs.
The south-western. [volume] (Shreveport, La.) 1852-1870, 1857-04-29
Fresh Arrivals at
s.. d. w VI Y,

.. =. w Z u Z
#s#* @# y No. 10 on the Levee. 1
I ~ SACKS Rio Coffee, aa954 l-. -l
lou 20 sacks Govt Java Coffee, in pockets
so pkgs Molasses, bbls and half bbls rgs.
50 bbIs Dexter Nhiskey, -., l..,.t'.
IS bbls Wiltshire do. '4s
rs pkgs Crunberries, hf. and or. bbs., 5'
so boxes Cheese, eFG a7 .=I.- #ah-
. 25 boxes Ruisins, ,sl #s=r 3. rs-g4. .a#..Y g.
so boxes Buckwheat, ~ =-,aem..eg... ...sv
20 baskets Champagne Wine
so boxes assorted Pickles, S
10000 Havana Cigars, assorted, d..
H25 boxes Fire Crackers, sEs t#a y
...E IS boxes Goldfish. 54@.Yz. 4 -#s sagys
Also--A first rate stock Of Blacksmith Tools, Log
Chains, Fifth Chains, Balances, Wedding Hoes Col
lins' Axes, Fry Pans, etc. etc. dec24
The south-western. [volume] (Shreveport, La.) 1852-1870, 1857-04-29
HINTON SMITH, Shreveport. r. MuSDY, Mansfield
MUNDY & SMITH,

". A. LACY,
A TTORNEY AT LAW, Shreveport, Louisiana.
N Office on Market street. jy4
The south-western. [volume] (Shreveport, La.) 1852-1870, 1857-04-29
Cotton Gins. -.nE

TIME undersigned are prepared to furnish planters
Il with Griswold's Improved Cotton Gins, on the
most reasonable terms.
febll HE ga "s7 CARTER & SHIVERS.