Wilmington journal. [volume] (Wilmington, N.C.) 1844-1895, 1857-04-24

which the brave tflDeS oil the Caucasus nave CONFER
red upon him. Having purchased mountain guns,
rockets lifes ammunit II. and other supplies neces
sary fer mountain warfare, he hired an English
steamer and big, which he freghted with his sup
plies at some Turkih port, skiltHly concealng his
secret from the authorities set sail for Clrcassia to-
wards the middle OF February accompanied by sew
eral hundred Poles, the Uncomfortable enemies of
Russia everywhere, and arrived at Taub on the 23d
of that month. The last accounts, announcing his
arrival. state that he has formally accepted the
preme command, that the mobiles and deputies of Cir
cassia have sworn TO Obey him, that they have pre-.
scented to him the prophets flag md other insgnitia
of civil and military power, and that he intends to
open the campaign in May.
The choice o: foreigner to the supreme command
of the army is said to have deeply offended Schamy
The prophet-warrior of the Tcherkesses, and it was
rumored that he had entered into negotiations with
Russian agents for the acceptance of the terms offer
ed by Russia, name y: that he should recognise the
authority of the Gar, and engage to enforce the
submission of his countrymen. and that he should
receive for himself and his successors large princi
pality and splendid revenue, guaranteed in perpe
tuy by the Russian crown. 1t is not the first time
that Schamy has been accused of betrayng to Russia
the interests of his country. which he has SO lCRg
and vaiianly defended. During the Crmean war,
when the opportunity offered him to join the
allies, and when his doing would have been ter
rble blow to Russia, he not only refused to join but
concluded armistee with the Car to last so long
as The war with the western powers and Turkey
should continue. His son, who Russian prison
er of war; released and sent back to Circassis,
loaded with tayors and distinctions, and charged with
the most profuse compliments from the Gear to the
| ''illustrious chief.'
The country known as Circassia is little more than
10000 square miles in extent, with population Of
about million souls. The mountainous nature of
the country, and the warlike patriotic character of
the people, have caused Crcassia TO be called the
Switzerland CT Asia. Situated on the borders of
Russia so long it continues hostile. it forms for
midabIe barrier to Russia entertainments in Asia :;
but were it once subdued, the Gar would be much
nearer India than the Persian capture of Herat would
have made him. 1t is supposed that the Eng lish
government, fully alive to this fact, have secretly
favored the expedition of Meemet Bey, and supplied
him with stores ammunition: and ships. That there
is foundation for the belief is indicated by he
fact that Russia has demanded explanations from the
English and Turkish governments and that the lat
ter has instituted " commission of inquiry" The
apparent resolution of the Gar put end to the
long. rrotraced war of the Caucasus, hch has al
ready cost SO many lives, and many millions of
| roubles without producing any advantage, and the
energy and valor which the mountain warriors dis
play in their determination to accept the battle
against such fearful odds, give interest this
struggle, apart from the political consequences of the
success failure of the Muscovite in reducing and
occupy ing the great natural chain of foresses which
Circassia contains.
What Coal Does for Coun,ry--The Days before
| The Scientific American says There can be no
doubt that the coal beds of England the real
tural sources Of its physical wealth Without coal,
1t never would have been manufacturing country
without it cotton factories would have ever been
erected and no steamships would ever have foated
on lis waters 1t is simply because it has the largest
coal fields in Europe that it is the greatest manu-
featuring nation in that quarter of the world. But
it very difficult to introduce the use of coal a.
mong the old English people 1t was first used in
that countrY about six centuries ago, and at that
time the EngIishmen would not the sooty fuel in
tt cir houses 1t did not suit the fire places the
domestic habits of the people, but it was found we'll
adapted for the black smith and lime burner Only
the layers the surface and in coal fields dacent
10 rivers, seas, were first opened; but when the
demand increased, the miners dved more deeply in
to the bowels of the EARTH and boldly worked the
coal wherever it could be found. When the mines
became deep, the miners were sadly perplexed how
TO get rid OF The water; and it not till the
engine to their aid that they fully mastered this
difficulty. But the rrejudces of the users were as
difficult to surmount as the perils of the miners.
citizen of London was tried and executed for
burning sea coal IN opposition to stringent law
pa sed IN respect to that sub Jet but long after
such intolerance as this had passed away, coal
tabooed in good society. Ladies had theory that
the abomnation spoiled their omplexion and it was
tor long time pon, of etiquette not to sit in a
room warmed by coal fire, or 10 eat meat roasted
| by such means. Prejudice uDquestionably had much
10 do with these objections but It was not all preju
dice, for the almost total absence of proper arrange
ments for supply of fresh air, and removing smoke
and foul air, rendered the burning of coal very dir
ty and dsagreeable companion in room Wood
was then the principal fuel used in England and the
forests but scanly supplied the wants of The people
Turf peat was also employed in some districts as
it still is in Ireland and in the Highlands of Scotland
But in all England wood is at present unknown a
domestic fuel-coal has entirely superseded it.
MAcREADY's DYING SPor.-Mr Macready was
| never popular with ock actors. He annoyed them
exceedingly at rehearsals, by giving every man his
particular place on the stage, that in the picture
presented he should be the centre. This ACTOR must
| stand here, that actor there-it was his will.
On OF the nights of his last engagement in New
Orleans, when he was to play Hamlet, he vrly
particular, at rehearsal in the disposition of charac
tiers at the fall of the curtain He had selected the
most commanding place on the stage, well down to
the lights, and declared that there be intended to die
II so happened that as; the fatal moment was ap
preaching, just after Hamlet had stabbed the king
his maj esty look it into his head 10 die on the spot
selected by the philosophic Dane. The poison was
! burning in Hamet's veins he was in the agonies Of
death but still he found time to say soto voce to his
step. father -~s. ........ .-f.
" Back-baek-rm going 10 die there"
The blood of outraged royalty was up, and the
stabbed monarch replied a-.
&" Pm King, and I'll die where pease--pick out a
place for yourself" ... ... ..
And Hamlet was compelled to ct his soul out
further up the stage.
DErALcAr1oN.-It will be remembered that the tel
egraph recently announced the defalcation Of John
Oxnard, of New Orleans. He was a we'll known stock
and exchange broker, and he is not only deauIter
to the extent of 10000, but Re disappeared in the
Havana steamer with large amount, estimated as
high $4,000, OF exchange and promisory notes, OBJ