davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1857-05-05
NEW YORK HERALD TUESDAY MAY s. Is57-TRIpLE SHEET

In February Of that year TIE Empress Of China, OF
$50 tons sailed from New York FOR Canton ard re-
turned the tcloSiog year Eth a rich and valuable
cargo.
In TIE ensuing year a vessel of sd tons made a
sueos ssfnl voyage. This vas soon followed By
others and in 1889, five gears later 61een Amer can
ships arrived at Cautoa.
The trade with China ard the United States is of
two kinds-direct and indrect-thelatter being con-
ducted by way Of other countries No official reports
statistics exist showing the amount of the indi
rect trade. The chief article of export from
China TO the United states consists of tea.
The total imports from China into the United
States in 1856 amounted to $ll 04s .726, of which
tea amounted to s6,546 u.s.. In 1853 the total i'm
ports amounted TO sl0573,7l0 of which tea en-
braced $40 l74,670. The increase of consumption
has not kept pace with the increase Of population.
The average imports of tea for ten years from 1870
TO 1900, were about 100000 lbs. or a total of
2s,OOO,54s lbs. From 1900 to 1912 the average i'm.
ports amounted TO 5000 900 lbs, with an average
consumption OF 100000 lbs. From 1913 to 1920,
the average imports per annum were 1889 740 %
making total of 26,7l7 ,9i9 lbs. From 1921 to
1888 the average annual consumption amounted to
100000 lbs. From 1884 to ls4l the imports
amounted to 1897 s72 los. of which II 3sO,565
lbs. were exported, and 102 oil 307 were fol con-
sumption making an annual average consumption
of IL 1872 ,l63. The total value Of all imports from
China from 1888 to lS4l ounted to $50 400 49 Of
which the imports of tea embraced S42 200 0Oo The
number of vessels employed was 3l5, making an
aggregate tonnage of 1872 1854. The average annual
va0e of teas was 81 69s ,s94-about 70 per cent of
the entire imports. The trade employed about IS
vessels, averaging $40 tons each. From 1912 to
1855, embracing the period of the first gold disco
20 ,sl5 in 1856. In ls4s. the year before gold vas
discovered in California the tonnage only "a 1888
TONS while in 1855, subsequent to the gold discove-
ries, il amounted to 70,al5.
China to Great Britain and the United States for ten
years.
The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1857-05-05

The tannin blackcns salts Of iron, and varies with
the quality OF the tea
A sali6sble principle known as theme" has been
obtained from tea in regular colorless crystals.
This essence or active principle Of tea IN said TO
possess properties somewhat analogous to animal
matter, and II considered 70 be Of q noursshing
quality for the human system. The ashes Of tea
yield slick, carbonate OF lime. magnesia and
cblorate of potash. Tea in diststion also Is said TO
yield volatile oil and small quantity Of resin,
soluble in alcohol and possessing the odor of tea.
The effects Of tea on the human system at first
stmulant and then slightly narcotic, according TO
the strength Of the infusion. In moderation II is
considered quite healthy, promoting digestion and
stimulating the urinsl organs. The Chinese use IL
almost at every meal and without sugar or milk.
Taken constantly in large quantities II is considered
deeterious.
The tea consumed in Great Britain aud the United
States is grown chiefly south OF the Great Yan-tze
Kiang river, bet veen north latitude ~ and 80 dc
gTees. The most favorable region IL the sterile
billy province Of Foken in north latitude rs and 81
degrees.
The annual average consumption Of tea in different
countries Is said In he about ~ follows -
The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1857-05-05

1t will he perceived from the above table that from
lS4 the year in S wh,h csOs gold vas dis
Britain increased from Al ,242 200 pounds to 772l7
300 pounds and to the United States from Is 672 800
pounds TO 1924 500 pounds in 1853, which, how
ever in 1854 dropped down to ~ 1857 500 pounds.
EXPORTS TO FRANCE.
The exports of tea to France have materially iuc
tuated in twenty years intervening between 1921
and ls4l. In 1921 they amounted to $4,000 kilo.
grammes (2:2l pounds, or about Us pounds, Eng
lish weight, to the killogramme). In 1925 they
reached 10000 killogrammes: in 1927, 276, 900.
In 1850 they dropped down TO 5000. In 1881 they
sgain went up to .237 600. In 1888 they reached
$4,000; 1884, 64s,O 900 killognmmes. In 1885 they
dronped down to as 900. and again rose in 1886, to
10000. In 1887 they were 80 900; in 1885, I34 OO0
in 1899, 93 900; and in ls4O, 26, 400.
The Minister Of Agriculture and Commerce Of
France, in 1s43, published an interesting docu-
ment on foreign commerce, including that Of
India and China, in which many valuable facts are
gwen. He estimated the number of English vessels
engaged in India and China trade in 1910 at
LIZ and total tonnage of sos, 1915. The
the year $780, to India China and Oceanics be sets
down at 264 Gao 900 francs, against lis 607 900 In
1884, when the East India monopoly ceased, and
against lo2. $50 600 francs in 1881. OF these ex
ports in 1910, at least four-ffths, or IsO.I43,000
francs consisted OF cotton piece goods and cotton
yarns. and 1862 900 of linen goods.
The imports into Great Britain from India. China
and Oceanica for 1870 embraced TOE, 900 lbs.
cotton, 1857 900 lbs. coffee L. l62 600 lbs fax
seed, 6.9sl 900 lbs: indigo, i3360o0 lbs. silk
and "a ,364 900 lbe tea.
In 1887, 50 600 lbs. opium were seat from British
India to China.
The total value of the trade between the three
Presidences Of British India with all other countries
in lsS73s, embraced imports 733 000, 900 francs,
and exports 23S 900 do. The imports from China in
TO Calcutta in ls4l42 amounted TO IL 654 900 francs
and from Calcutta to China q, $685. 900, Of which
opium formed 20, 900 francs. Total imports into
Calcutta, from all countries, for the same period
were 100 81, 900 francs. Exports do. do, POI 45S
eco francs Total 33l 40 900 francs.
The French trade with Calcutta for the same time
showed imports TO the amount of 14,s20 900 francs,
OF which 12,716 600 were in indigo France, for the
same time sent 20 Calcutta 3.s0 900 francs 1885,,
900 Of which consisted OF brandies and wines.
The export Of opium from British India and China
increased from 1861 900 in 1877 to 80 SIS l57 In
ls33, and to about s2j 900 900 in 1856.
In 1870 China exported teas as follows:--To Great
Britain IL Gl00O0 killogrammes: TO the Untes States
1865 900 do, and to France 264 900 Go. Total 81,
?31 200 kiognmms.
Including other countries of Europe and Western
Asia, tho total for 1882 II put down at "a sci 900,
killogranmes, and in ls40 at IS ,522 900 do.
The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1857-05-05

which was considered sufficient supply for con
sumption with that on its way frem China to the
East one year in advance Of that period The trade
som by the payment of Sc 900 6OO, although the
war continued in the north of China.
During the war an Immense speculation prevailed
in teas in England. At the commencement of the
war tea sold in London at Is to Is. 3D. per Id. On
the lst of august 1889, news received that the
tea trade with China was stopped, when prices
went up to ls Sd. On the I'd October, on Captain Ell
liotts order that British ship should ascend the
Canton river, tea advanced to g. per h., and in De
cember, when hostlties became probable, it ad-
vancedto 2s. ID On the 10th of January, 1910, the
Queens speech announced the existence and recon-
mended the vigorous prosecution of the war when 1t
being made sent down prices to Is. 3D.; but on
to toe So e "a On psrmisson . land s e. 0 in
England from American ships, prices tell to g. 3d..
rumor that the Governor General OF India had de.
clared Wat against China but On its falsity being
announced they fell to g. The stock at the close
of 1910 was 46 900 lbs The highest price of the
year was ss. 3d., and the lowest Is: Id,
The speculation was kept up through ls4l. On
the 18th August letter appeared in the London
Herald and Chronicle, said TO have been put on
board Of the Bombay steamer, after the closing of
ordered the destruction Of all The teas that host.
tilites had recommended, and that not 900 chests
had found their way out to coasters. The fraud
raised prices immediately, but they fell again on
knew no bounds Expresses were run from Mar.
settles to London; large sums paid for early Off
cial infolmation; newspapers paid to insert false
informadon; the coffee houses near the Exchange
in London wers occupied almost day ana night BY
tea gamblers, and the passion for speculation In the
article prevailed in all the marts Of the United King
dom. Fortunes were made or lost in day. A
collapse finally ensued, leaving wide spread losses
and runous bankruptcies in its train.
The same game Is going on at the present time.
Instead Of using horse expresses the telegraph wires
are made to convey false information. The first i'm
portant canard Of the kind was the recent telegraph
despatch purporting TO have come from Calcutta TO
Bombay stating that the Emperor hsd ordered the
authorities at Canton 20 make peace with che Eng
lish at all and every hazard; and we may be pre-
pared to hear Of more of the same sort
The constituent properties Of tea on chemical
analysis are found to be as follows:-
The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1857-05-05

II win be perceived from this table that the ex.
ports OF silks from Shanghai greatly increased after
the discovery Of the California aud Australian Roid
mines and during the last year two the injury 70
the silk crop In many parts Of Europe, also tended
10 augment the exports 70 thls country.
The exports direct from the United STATES TO
China for the Years 1912 and 1856 were a. follows
The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1857-05-05

The Chinese government bases Ia prohibition on
three grounds
l. It's moral influence on the habits, health and
lives OF the people.
2. Its financial operations in the drainage Of
the precious metals and upon the public revenues.
3. It's political Influence, In leading TO insrrbor-
dinAtion and disregard Of the laws.
PROGRESS or OPIUM EATING IN ENGLAND AND The
UNITED STAINS.
Not only have the Chinese become tevotees and
consumers Of the drug. but within some fifteen or
twenty years, the practice Of using has made
fearful progress In Englsnd and the United Stites,
and In some parts Of Germany
IL Is Ike tobscco-the previous excessive use OF
malt liquors. spirits, tea, &C., Ia supposed creates
desire for other stimulants ana hence the use OF
hese narcotic drugs are resorted to for the purpose
Of gratifying Il.
In the large manufacturing towns Of England,
where the population Is dense, and the means OF
support scanty while tea and beer are largely used,
u IL said that the use Of opium has made rapid pro-
press In the United States is increase Of consump
lion has been, perhaps, less marked, yet much
srPer than one would he led 70 suppose a. will be
seen by the imports chiefly from Turkey, in the
years named below.
The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1857-05-05

The returns from China TO the United States are
generally made direct while exports are 10 a con.
siderable amount made indirect, which, in part ac-
counts for the excess OF imports over exports In
1861, the merchandise and foreign produce taken
in at Batavia, Penang Manila, for China, in Ame-
rican bottoms amounted TO 1896 900 francs of the
The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1857-05-05

% 1928 Thu Batuta mentions that it vas the general
drink OF the people OF China. wss prepared by the
in msrsien OF q small plant in hot water, aud that
trey used paper money as a currency.
Soiimar. an Arabian merchant who visited China
in 1860, describes sab (tea) rs the habtud beve-
rage of the people. Texeria spaniard, saw dried
leaves OF tea at Malacca in 1000 which were used by
The Chinese people In 1898 il WAS found in use
among the Persians who obtained 1t through the
trade If the Ushruk Tartsrs.
Its first introduction into Europe was in 1917 ,
by the Portuguese, in the reign of King
Emanuel but it was not until after the for
nation Of the East India Dutch Company
the continent The consumption, however. in
creased slowly, and in l670 it was unknown at
bort. The Dutch, in their second voyage, bought
good deal Of tea at Sd. to l0d per h., (abOut the
mon quality, sold at 80 livres per h. For some
Years the best Japanese teas brought from 100 to
200 lives per ID. in France. Prices, however, de-
ciined on the more general introduction Of coffee
and chocolate
The first notice OF the use of tea in England was
in 1860, during the reign Of Charles H., when a
duty Of I'D per gallon was imposed on all tea made
and sold in coffee houses ard the excise on It, with
malt liquors coffee. &C., was settled the same year
on the King tor life
The use OF tea in England was encouraged by the
Princess Catherine. Of Portugal, Who married
Charles the Second. In 1860 tea was sold in England
66s per 10. Its use was largely augmented in
England by the trade Of the East India Company,
who in 1878 glutted the market by importing ATS
pounds. and the imports during six years afterwards
only amounted in oil to 3iS lbs. 10 1889 the mode
Of evyiDg the duty was changed, and IS. per ID i'm
posed. together as before per cent on its value.
By the year 1899, the imports increased to 10000
pounds aud in 100 to 600 lbs. year, the average
price being l6s per ID. In 1921 the imports reach
ed ,OO0, 900 lbs. From this period the imports
have continued to augment
The following table shows the imports OF teas Into
Great Britain for the years named below
1872 lbs. Al ga 900 1876 lbs. 81 eos 900
iS+3 ...... a6, $4,000 1916 :. SO, sos 900
1874 " .....4s $3.50
In 1886 the importation consisted of
Siern 'tt,u .uV
fAPof'eu. oso NV
fome cousumlhoh.. ~. ,ootVW
The stock on hand in Great Britain in 1876 was
stated to be
Black lbs 81, $50 900
Green lO,7al ,OOs
fo,oVV,VVV
The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1857-05-05

t6.4s5 900 direct exports TO China from the Uaitei
States in 1871. domestic produce aud manufactures
amounted TO 81, 622, 900.
Tie cossng trade Of China conducted with adjacent
countries is large. In 1882. 1922 junks we're em.
poy ed so of which traded to Siam, 20 TO Japan aud
Cochin China 20 TO Tonquin. 20 to Borneo, Is to
sumatfa, and 10, great and snail, beon yed to the
is!snd OF Kairan The imports and exports by these
vessels were as foows:-
The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1857-05-05

We thus find that within the psst five years the
imports have increased from 4oss5 lbs 70 Isl, sl4
lbs., and In value from $40 900 to Sass SAC. AS the
demand for medicinal purposes could not have pro
(but small portion OF which IL re-exported) IL Ia
clear that the practice Of using IL az stimulant has
fearfully increased. Should the consumption in
crease In the same ratio for some years 10 come,
both Europe and America will require protection by
It's prohibition, except for medicinal purposes.
TEA TRADE.
The plant Is supposed 10 be indigenous 70 Japan
and 10 China. The Moorish historians "and ira
vellers make the earliest mention Of tea, A. early
The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1857-05-05

"a
Gold 9S Touch, per dram 23sic
Money in China consists of:-Cash. about the size
Of an English farthing. made of copper; 100 100
cash is equal TO 81. The tael il in the shape of a
horses hoof and consists of silver of about Ga ster.
ling in value, or 81 A.
Gold is seldom used as currency When IL Is
thus employed IT is beaten into thin leaves.
The picul of Batavia and Madras is equal 10 1891
lbs, ard of China 1884 do. catty of tea is Ii lbs
A tael is Il OF.
The Spanish dollar and other foreign coins, circu
late in Canton.
Accounts are kept in taels, mace, caadarines and
cash.
10 mace, l tael equal to 100 candarines, or 600
cash &c. Sd.
Cash is of one kind only, and cast not coined. 1t
is composed of Of parts of copper and of lead.
The value Of the tael varies with the value Of one
ounce Of Spanish dollars in London, its standard.
The tsbes given for ascertaining its proportional
value may be calculated in pence sterling by the
multiplier 1208-thus, if the price of the Spanish
dollar be God per OF. the value Of the tse will be
COX 1208=72.48d. ia sc, the tael will be worth
7972sd., and SO on in the same proportion.
Gold ingOts are not considered as money, but as
merchandise. The ingots are Of determined weight,
called by the English shoes, the largest of which
weighs 10 taes each, and s reckoned 80 TO "a tones
(pence), and from to parts alloy.
Silver lng0ts are used as money, and weigh from
pure silver and six of alloy.
Gold and silver are weighed by the catty of Is
taels. The tael is divided into 10 mace 100 cauda.
rines, or 900 cash. 100 taes weigh 100 OF. Is
dwts. troy which makes the tael equal TO sos Eng.
lish grains, or 1886 grammes, F.
The following table of weights is applied to mer.
chandise -
The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1857-05-05

Ibe con nlerce OF France With the East Indies
and China in ls4o, was as folows:-
Total value Of mrors $50 gl5 900
Iotl F"ue ~ cAlpfi. oDIo"v
OF the imports. indigo formed % 900 900 francs;
and OF the exports, manufactures of silk and wines
formed the largest amounts.
The exports 81 tea 70 the Netherlands have always
eenlarge including shipments to the Hanse Towns,
the Svat, the Mediterranean and w Russia. Russia
in 1889 imported 3.l42 .OUO kilogammes, and in
ls46, 1856 900 DO. II viii be seen that next TO
Great Britain, the United States consumes the
largest amount OF tea From ISIS 90 1884 the latter
imported 20 SOS 900 killogrammes, part which
was re.expored. In the year 1882, 4,O2s000 killo-
grammes were imported. OF which 10000 900 were
reexported. From 1888 10 1sl1. the mericans ex-
ported from Canton for Europe, 1.044,000 killo-
grammes.
RAW SILK.
Next to tea, SIk forms the principal article Of
export from China.
The chief silk port Is Shanghai. The following
table gives the exports Of silk, nav and otherwise
from Shaughae 10 the United States for Eve years,
from June 30, 1ss9, 70 June 80, 1874
The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1857-05-05

The annexed table gives the imports and exports
bstweeu the United States and China for seven
wears, from 1874 10 1872:
The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1857-05-05

One junk seldom belongs u one man. There are
sometimes forty, fifty or one bundled owners of a
single Junk
The prices of merchandise In Canton in 1882 were
as follows
The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1857-05-05

STATES AND oTHEK COUNTRIES.
tut after the conclusion Of the first war between
Eng and and China, all trade with foreigners was
ccn6ned exclusively to the mouth Of the Canton
river, and that conducted overland, chiefly with
Russia, at Kiacbts. At the conclusion of the war
four other ports were opened to trade, as follow;-
Annoy. Fucbow or Fuchoa. Ningpo and Shanghae.
The commercial relations with China and the
United States are regulated by the stpulstions ola
treaty signed July 3, ls4i, on the plan mainly of a
similar treaty negotiated with Great Britain two
years previously. Roth contain fixed tariffs OF duties
on imports. exports and tonnage
commercial relations between the United States
ahd Ohna ware commenced as far back rs lisa.
The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1857-05-05

In 1886 the importation consisted o.
Glasgow weekly times. (Glasgow, Mo.) 1848-1861, 1857-05-21
BETRAYED.

We heard an "old Line Wing" from an
adjoining county (whp had been scared into
the support of Mr.. Buchanan, remark a
few days ago that whilst he preferred Mil
lard Fillmore to any man in the world for
President, he voted for Buchanan because
he. was persuaded to believe the Democratic
party was better pro-Slavery party than
the American. We told him in coming to
that conclusion, he had acted from his fears
instead Of his information, which he admit
ted; and said he would never be caught in
such another trap. To leave his old Wing
friends and 60 and lie down with his old
enemies; to spend his time, money, and con-
science IN the affairs of Kansas, and then to
be grayely told that the slavery question is
not The issue in Kansas, and that all the fuss
about slavery in Kansas was merely to build
up the Democratic party in that Territory,
was a little more than he could stand; and,
said he, | am going back 10 stay back, and
so are all my neighbors, who done as did,
and with us will go great many deceived
Democrats, SO that the Wing party will be
stronger in my e,unsy than it ever has
been.-[ Liberty Tribune. ......,. .. r--.--
Glasgow weekly times. (Glasgow, Mo.) 1848-1861, 1857-05-21
North Missouri Railroad.
Sr. LOUIS, April 16tI

tr OF. LOUIS, Aprii lOtni 1901
Messrs. WALDEN & CAHILL, Gentlemen:
The speedy completion of the North Mis-
souri, Railroad is an object feel deeply in
terested in seeing accomplished; and every
member of the Board of Directors, am
satisfied, participate in this feeling. as
sure you every effort will be made 10 push
forward the work as rapidly as possible -
The pressure In the money market, and, as
consequence, the low price of our bonds,
has greatly embarrassed temporarily the
operations Of the company. we have been
compelled, 10 some extent, to diminish the
forces on the road, rather than dispose Of
our bonds at ruinous sacrifices. enter
tain strong hopes that we shallbe able, at no
distant day, 20 procure the requisite amount
to enable US 10 push the work without in
termission, hope to be able during the
month of May, to visit all the counties on
the line Of the road, with view of examin-
ing the condition of the work as far as it has
progressed, and also 10 see il cannot in
duce the counties to grant us further aid.--
st. Louis has done oil that she is able TO do,
in the way of taking stock 10 build roads
When you take into consideration, the fact,
that st. Louis pays three-ffths of the en-
tire revenue Of the State; and then see the
amount of stock taken in the different roads,
I think it win beadmitted that in Justice W G
should not look for further assistance from
that quarter; the fact is our taxes have be-
come SO onerous that the people are loud in
their complaints, and will no! submit 10 any
additional taxation to raise money for any
road. +" aa'oIJ5ts '.t'i ~" 4" ..il'g. ',,
a Ihave heard that there is an impression
prevailing in your county,'to the effect, that
IL is the intention of the company to complete
the road 10 the crossing of the Hannibal and
st. Joseph road, and not to do any wor be-
yond that point. I regretthat any snchlim-
preston should exist, as there is not the
slightest foundation to justify anything Of
the kind. | have ever advocated putting
the entire road under contract, just as soon
as we could possibly raise the means to pay
for the work as it progresses and such have
been the views Of the directory. l am in
favor of expending Immediately, the whole
amount subscribed by The counties respect
lively within the limits Of each. I am ex-
csedingly anxious to see the work go on in
every county on the line, in order that the
people may see that we are determined to
complete the work at as early a day as ,prac-
tioable. 4, d; t5fi7r7ssr-s z',e.-. 3 tseHa3sg
beg leave to assure you that tits my in.
tention to devote my time and best efforts tc
promote the interests of the road, In this
great undertaking we shall need the assist
ance of all who are favorably disposed To-
ward the road. shall rely with confidence
on the counties along the line acting fiber
ally in rendering US aid in carrying out this
great enterprise. e---l.r,
With grestrespeot, s
u your most obedien ser'vi,t
60, l.'i, THO. b. HUDSON,