davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The central Presbyterian. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1856-1908, 1857-10-03

q ASH, BENDS, AND DOORS.-The Subscriber is
y prepared with new sett of machinery to execute
all orders in the following articles the lowest terms
and in superior manner Diamond Sash for Cottages
that are now so fashionable in Northern cities and vii
lagos Gothic BillecOn and Ovello do. of cherry,
hogOny, walnut and pine.
Blinds, Norris and Prot.
Doors of any kind of wood, and of various styles
Purchasers may rest assured that all work from the
establishment shall give the most perfect satisfaction
have now been following this business in Richmond
than ten years. and depend upon my reputation for
the increase OF my business. Give me call Orders
from any part of the country, by letter. will meet with
the most prompt attention. Address
las MILES AMBLER, Richmond, Va.
FRESH FALL GOODS Price & WATKINS, No.
i l57 Main Street, receiving their large and ele
CANT stock of French, English and American DRY
GOODS, among which are the following:
For Ladies'
Elegant Side Striped Silk Robes; Bayadere striped
Silks new and beautiful plain black Gro de Rhinesi
new style French printed Mousenes, very rich; Satin
Striped Cashmere de E'COsse GA shaded and figured
Merinos and Cashmeres; Side Striped de Lame Robes
Satin striped Poplins bright Chalie Plads Satin Str-
ped Alceone; Vadere Mobars; Sack Flaunels Persian
de LANES; rich English Prints; Illusion Capes Valen
ciennes Collars and Sleeves Peque and Crepe Collars
and Sleeves Hosiery Belts; Steel Extension Skirts
Hoped do. in great variety Irish Linens; beached
and brown CottOns, &c, DC.
For Gentlemen.
Superior black and cOlored Cloths and Cassimeres
rick silk Velvet and Plush Yestngs; GA side striped
French Cassimeres Tweeds Satinets, Cravats, Collars
Suspenders, ! hose, Hdkfs., &c.
For Servants.
White and colored Dutfie and Mackinaw Blankets
best Sleeps Grey Satinets; Virginia fulled Cloths
Maryland Plaid Linseys, stout and bright coors; blue
Plads striped Oznaburgs, &c, &C. all of which have
oeen purchased the best TERMS and will be sold at
the uery io,eCst prices.
We shall be continually receiving additions to our
stock, which will be very extensive and will embrace
some of the most superb Goods imported into this
country PRICr 81 WATKINS,
Wholesale and Retail Dealers in Dry Goods.
~ Country Merchants are invited to examine our
stock. sc IL
The central Presbyterian. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1856-1908, 1857-10-03

COMMERCIAL SAVINGS BANK-Chartered by
v the Legislature of Virginia, December 18th, 1853
Capital, $4,000 This Institution receives deposits
on which interest paid at the rate of per cent pei
annum if remaining on deposit six months, and pei
cent. for shorter periods.
VIM. G. PAINE, President,
GEO. j. SUMNER, Secretary,
JN0 II. MONTAGUE, Treasurer
Eg- Office No. 1913, corner Main and 18th SITS
ia ply
The central Presbyterian. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1856-1908, 1857-10-03

CCHOOL BOOKS AND STATIONERY-James
y Woodhouse & Co, 139 Main Street. are prepared
to furnish Teachers, Parents, and Pupils with all the
various School Books used in this city and surrounding
country Their stock embraces full supply of School
Books in the department of English branches. toge
Their with the Latin, Greek French Italian, Hebrew,
Spanish and German authors; works on Mathematics,
Philosophy, Chemistry, History, Astronomy, and the
sciences generally.
Also, Stationery of every description.
IY@ A liberal discount made to teachers oc4
The central Presbyterian. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1856-1908, 1857-10-03

j. t. MORTON, JAS. NJ. ARsIIsTEAD, JOS. BLANToN.
of Farmvile of Cumberland co. of Cumb'd co
MORTON, ARAnSTEAD & CO., COMMISSION
nl MERCHANTS, opposite Shockoe Warehouse, Rich.
mond Va will give special attention to the sale of all
kinds of produce and to any other business entrusted
to them. Liberal advances made on produce, either
in cash or puano mar 7-1y
The central Presbyterian. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1856-1908, 1857-10-03
L. SCOTT & CO.'S
REPRINT OF
THE BRITISH PERIODICALS
AND THE
FARMERS GUIDE.
Great Reduction in the Price of the latter
Publication.


L. SCOTT g. Co., New York, continue to publish the
following leading British Periodicals, viz
l. The London Quarterly (COnserratice).
g The Edinburgh Rsrieio (Hhig).
g. The North British Re1ieu Free church,.
A. The Westminster Reriep (LiJeral).
5. Blackrood's Edinburgh Magazine Tory.
These Periodicals ably represent the three great
political parties of Great Britain-Whig, Tory, aud
Radical-but politics forms only one feature of their
character AS Organs of the most profound writer's
Science, Literature Morality, and Religion they stand,
they have stood, unrvaed in the world OF let
ters being considered indispensable to the scholar and
the professional man. while to the ntes ent reader OF
every class they furnish more correct and satsfac-
tory record of the current literature of the day,
throughout the world than be possibly obtained
from any other source.
EARLY COPIES.
The receipt of Adrance Sheets from the British pub
fishers gives additional value to these Reprints mas
much as they can be placed in the hands of sub
scribers about soon the original editions
TERMS.
Per ann.
For any one of the four Reviews, -----.-.--..-$
For any two of the four Reviews. OO
For any three of the four Reviews : %
For all four of the Reviews, .----.----...-.-.. W
For Blackwoods Magazine, ) W
For BlackwoOd and three Reviews ..---.-.-.-. 90
For Blackwood and the four Reviews, -...--. 10 %
Payments to be made in au.eases In adranee. Money
current The State here issued nu be reeeued at par
CLUBBING.
discount of twenty-five per cent from the above
prices will be allowed to CLUBS ordering direct from
l.. Scott g. Co.. four or more copies OF any one or
more of the above works. Thus: -Four copies OF
Blackwood, or of one Review, will be sent to one ad-
dress for So four copies Of the four Reviews and Black
wood for $780, and so on.
POSTAGE.
In all the principal Cities and Towns these work
will be delivered, FREE OF POSTAGE When sent by
MAIL the postage to any part of the United States will
be but Tncnty.four Cents year for "Blackwood and
but Fourteen Cents year for each of the Reviews.
n. B.-The price in Great Britain of the FIVE Peri
odicals abovenamed is about $3l per annum
The central Presbyterian. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1856-1908, 1857-10-03

Common whiskey applied to peach stains
will speedily remove them. And pulverized
chalk and soft soap will remove mildew.
The central Presbyterian. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1856-1908, 1857-10-03
TO SCHOOL TEACHERS

TO SCHOOL TEACHERS.
T WOULD respectfully ask your attention to the fol
l. lowing recommendations Of CRoZET's ARITHMETIC.
A. NORRIS
EDGE HILL SCHOOL, Guiney's Post Office,
Caroline County, Va, May 3, 1867.
A. MORRIS, Richmond:
My Dear Sr-You ask my opinion of "Crozet's
Arithmetic"
have used it constantly for seven years, in my
classes at Hanover Academy, (where it is still used
and at Edge Hill School. This shows the high estimate
which have formed of the work in question. To sum
up briefly consider it far superior to any other Arith
metic of my acquaintance, in
The theory ofuny aud fract5ns both vulgar and decimal
In the theory of numbers and the rules for facilitating
rations upon them
g. In statement and demonstration of rules.
the theory Of abstract and dcnominate nubers
before properly presented and causing more and
ndefniteness in Algebra, than is generally imagined
s. Ia collection Of tables
g. In Examples.
evidently work of and experienced teacher
and when properly used will surely tell ON both pu and in
structor
With due respect, am yours, truly,
SAMUEL SCHOOLER NJ. A..
Principal of Edge Hill School
The central Presbyterian. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1856-1908, 1857-10-03

nONNAN g. CO., Commission Merchants, Richmond,
~ Va continue to give particular attention - the
sale of TOBACCO Wheat, Corn, and other country Pro-
duce.
Office on Virginia street. next to Fry's corner
ia26-Iy'
The central Presbyterian. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1856-1908, 1857-10-03

S4,clS,o.3
No company in the United States has pore capital
for the amount of risk-none affords more advantages
to the insured.
N b. When the premium on policy, for term "i
lfe amounts to $50 per year, the Company will loan
the insured half of it at per cent. interest.
b. w. KNOWLES, Agent.
DIR. A SNEAD, Medical Examiner.
Office at "Stationer's Hail." No. 20 Pearl street.
ap 25
PLANTATION GOODS.-We are now Openng
L large stock of Plantation Goods, such as
Grey Satinets
Virginia made fulled Cloths
Plaid and plain Linseys
Twilled and plain Flannes in coils and white
Heavy cold and white Blankets
Cotton OznaburPs of best makes
Cotton Sheeting and Shirtings
Low priced Mouselaines
Calicoes, Ginghams, Penitentiary Plaids, &c.
In all of the above Goods, we keep constantly such
supplies and at such prices will make it to the in
erest of farmers and cash dealers to give stock
an examination CHRISTIAN & LATHR0P,
au22 80 lain Street.
The central Presbyterian. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1856-1908, 1857-10-03
BOOKS AND PAMPHLETS

DinsaOres 4nsrieaa Railroad and Steam Nar's"''o"
Guide, for the United States, Canada, Sc Price %
cents Sept, 1857 And well worth the price to ira
vellers.
The Southern Presbyterian Reris'r.--Ihe July num-
Der has but recently been received The delay is sa-
tisfactOrily explained by the editors This number
contains but four articles Wis Miracles, by Rev. H.
Thornweu, D. d Ii. D.; Yndication of the Scrip
tura Messianc Interpretation of the SD chapter OF
Isaiah by Rev Jas COhen the Teachings of the Dead
by Rev. Thos Smyth d. D.; the General Assembly OF
lsl7 nv Rev. ] B. Adger, D. d. Critical Notices.
The central Presbyterian. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1856-1908, 1857-10-03

r IFE INSURANCE.-The Mutual Benefit Life IL
IL surance Company makes annual dividends of tbrt!
FIVE per cent and pays them while the insured i i!-
ing thus helping him to pay over one-third Of hs
premiums.
Were the Company to retain the dividends until the
death of the insured they could well afford to pay
from 20 to so per cent. as 35 per cent now.
Dividends paid TO January lst, 1857. $e5! ~. %
Losses NV death to 24 10
Reserved capital to pay future losses 2,lS45l2 ~
The central Presbyterian. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1856-1908, 1857-10-03
Willie---Lost.

From the Saturday Evening Post.
The central Presbyterian. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1856-1908, 1857-10-03
BUSINESS CARDS.

IA IN RECEIPT of the FALL FASH ON OF HATS
| AND CAPS, to which l invite the attention OF the
nuhl;c JOHN THOMPSON,
an % e. Mal1 .eet
The central Presbyterian. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1856-1908, 1857-10-03

mar 28-1y
The central Presbyterian. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1856-1908, 1857-10-03

DOYALL & sNoDGRAss, COMMISSION MER-
h CHANTS, Richmond, Virginia will give prompt al
tentiop to the sale of Wheat, Corn, Tobacco Flour
and all the usual products of the farm. jy 26-ly0
The Ashland union. [volume] (Ashland, Ashland County, Ohio) 1854-1868, 1857-12-30
HOWARD ASSOCIATION
PHILADELPHIA.

SO PHILADELPHIA.
a BsnsroIsRt Institution, establishes By special en-
- doscmeRt for the relief Of tks SICK aud distressed,
afflicted DitA PRUDENT and Epidemic dissases.
fllO all persons AFFLICTED with Sexual Diseases,
Il such as S Z NJ SEMINAL
WEAKNESS, IMPOTENCE, G0NORRHEA,
LET, SYPHILIS, the Vice Of or
The howard ASSOCIATIONS, in viewaof The
aw full Destruction of human life, caused by Sex
uaI diseases, and the deceptions practised upon
the unfortunate victims of such diseases byQuacks,
several years ago directed their Consulting Sur
geon, asa CHARITABLE ACT worthy of their
name, to open q Dispensary for the treatment of
this class OF diseases, in all their forms, and to
give MEDICAL ADVICE GRATIS, to All who
apply by letter, with a description of their con-
dillon, iage. occupation, habits of life, &c.) and
in cases OF extreme poverty. to FURNISH MEDI-
CINES FREE OF 1t is needless to
add that the Association mman the highest
Medical skill of the age, and Will furnish the
most approved modern treatment.
The Directors, on q review OF the past, feel as
sured that their lSbors in this sphere of beneyo-
lent effort, have been of great beneht to the al
Aicted, especially to the young, and they have
resolved to devote themselves, with renewed
zeal, to this very important bat much despised
cause Sole 7s4sa &a
Just Published by the association, a Report on
Spermatorrbqa or 81 nifnal Weakness. the Vice
OF Onanism, Masturbation or SeifAbpse, and
other Diseases of the Sexual Organs, by thelCon5
shifting surgeon, which will be sent bysmail. Gin
a sealed letter envelope.9 FREE OF cHAKGE.
On receipt of TWO STAMPS for postage
Address. for Report or treatment, DIR. GEORGE
R~.GABHOUN, Consulting Surgeon, Howard As
ISOLATION No. 9 South Ninth Street. Philadelphia,
Pa. By order OF the Directors.
EZRA D. HEARTWELL, President.
GEO FAIRCHiLD, Secretary, Iy2l
The Ashland union. [volume] (Ashland, Ashland County, Ohio) 1854-1868, 1857-12-30
HAVE YOUR PROPERTY
I n g Ut R T. ID !!

LIVERY wise man will have his prop
erty insured. And he will not only have
1T INSURED, but he will select a Company
in which he has full confidence that. if he
should suffer damage by Fire. his loss will be
promptly paid to the amount insured. There
sponsibfe companies, and there also are an in
finite number of worthless and irresponsible
institutions, that OCCASIONALLY pay a loss
promptly. as a Lottery Manager will pay q
prize, for the purpose of emblazoning the fact
before the world, and thus obtain a foot-hoid
that would enable them to perpetrate a more
extensive fraud. Property within the lastfew
years has been insured to the amount of mill
lions of dollars IN these worthless companies.
1t is important, then. when a man pays his
money for insurance upon his property that
of well-established character n ability to
promptly meet its losses, whenever they occur
Such a COMPANY is g..
The Ashland union. [volume] (Ashland, Ashland County, Ohio) 1854-1868, 1857-12-30
Notice to Teachers.

VAvA COFFEE.-Pnre Java COT,
- fee put up in cans, ready burned any
ground for family use, at the manufactory Of
Frisby d Stephens, C~leveland-for sale BY a.
sePt.s 1857. J.& R FREER
The Ashland union. [volume] (Ashland, Ashland County, Ohio) 1854-1868, 1857-12-30

MEM CABINET WARE-RooM
~ AT JEROMEVILLE.-E. J. Van Im-
man would inform his friends and the public
that be has purchased of Capt. RIcE his Rooms
and stock, and is now prepared with the work
man, the wood and "the tools" to furnish as
good an article of furniture as can be bought
at any other establishment on the line of the
Back Bone.9 Try me.
HTINDERTAKING.-Cofins of the best
UO material and finish promptly manu-.
featured, and a hearse in readiness to attend
JerOmeville, sspt.e, 1857. l4tf
The Ashland union. [volume] (Ashland, Ashland County, Ohio) 1854-1868, 1857-12-30
TRIAL RY JURY.

MO EAST OR WEST. oan confne our pow
IN ers, the verdict of the world is ours
When the decision went forth, all the BARRIERS
of Ashland had to hang their heads, the prise
medal was granted te GEoRGE DoRsEY, for his
superiority over all others. He has taken the
old Barber Shop under the Sampsel House,
which he has furnished with new and skilfui
hands. whc cannot fail to give satisfaction to
all the community and the rest of mankind.
TPERFUMERY # the best and purest
qualities constantly on hand. and for sale on
favorable terms. IS
Ashland. Feb. 4. 1857.
The Ashland union. [volume] (Ashland, Ashland County, Ohio) 1854-1868, 1857-12-30
-u7inter 1Ganagsment Of Bees.

So lilly
Many different modes o fprotecting bees
during the winter have been recommended
~aad tfisd. J. d.. NJ, of Schuyler Coun.
Il. as the result of more than twenty
years experience, advocates the plan of
6nr0fnu the hiyes In the ground. He
s5irs 3 ditch in d gravel or loan soil, deep
seb5uah TO bring the top of the hive, when
resting on scantlings, even with the sur
The Ashland union. [volume] (Ashland, Ashland County, Ohio) 1854-1868, 1857-12-30
Recipe worm one Thousand


Taks one pound@of soda aud half a
Pound of unslacked lime, put them in a
gallon of water, and let them boil twenty
Imipptes lett stand till cool then drain
-Sof and put il IN q stone jug or jar, soak
your dirty clothes over night, or until
sslbe5 are vet through; then wiring them
@~nhtsbdsrnb on plenty of soap, and in one
sstciisr. Of clothes we'll covered with wa
Ger; addsone tea spoonful of the washing
: Huid boil half an hour briskly, then
wash them thoroughly through one snds,
and 5inse through two waters. and your
clothes will look better than the old way
s<of washing twice before boiling. This re-
sscipe fsinvalnsbIe. and every poor tired
woman should try it. With q patent tub
to do the little rubbing, the Rasherwoman
might take the last novel and compose
zksrssH on the lounge, and let the washing
90 1l5elI i
The Ashland union. [volume] (Ashland, Ashland County, Ohio) 1854-1868, 1857-12-30
5arntf S Department.


The New York Herald e~outaius the
following interesting account of a new
and STANCE inportatlen.
3Re pt 1 mn'SH ~,
IN bT5ty5t ! foeF 81 fortvltNo
lams& cousineed 10 James Fisher & Go.
) 31ey nera purohassd b 4 French gentle
man for . company IN this city, Tor Inc
purpose, .s Oe mons;n lands - New
-sEnslaaa. The wool OF the Hama i excel.
dinely valuable, andas the ANIMAL is very.
hardy z nQlrisnesi ~ Y MOUNTAINS fe,
zsgte1s, deagaslng ~ Pule, larlneu ar ana
tb;ne n tbe shane of erass' no matter
hot coarse &c IS possible the breed may
Be- planted successfully in the sterile re-
gaops Of New Enelana.
The Hama e probably familiar TO most
people, who have been. Visitors 20 tue
srayeliDg m~ssagsrie, as a specimen Is
usually CD touna sIere. II Deioogs %
the group ruminantIe, OF the family OF inc
camel Indeed, they are known to natu-
ralsts as the oamelus lama, and are
frequently called the camel OF the New
World. They are i0und e1eiusisesy !"
The Ashland union. [volume] (Ashland, Ashland County, Ohio) 1854-1868, 1857-12-30
SPRINGFIELD
gjrf quo Mminf
INSURANCE CO.

It has a capitalan paidup of ONE HUN
DRIED AND FIFTY THOUSAND DOL
LARS.
nIt has a surplus ov& It's Capital of TWO
HUNDRED AND SIX THOUSAND AND
F1FTY-SEVEN DOLLARS.
nPEt has never failed to prompt
ly meet its losses. 5Aa
DIt is a Joint Stock Company. and there
are no assessments" on Premium Notes. ac-
curing every few months Consequently,it
is in the end, THE CHEAPEST Company.
DThe most shrewd and best informed bu
~siness men of Columbus, Cincinnati. dc, al
ways insure in the Springfield Co. when they
are permitted by the rules of the CompanyCo
do so.
UIt being one of the BEST Companies
is therefore one of the CHEAPEST in the Uni
ted States
The undersigned is authorised to take risks
on a limited amount of property IN this town.
and is authorized to insure farm dwellings,
H. S. KNAPP
Ashland, Sept. %, 1857. 1y
The Ashland union. [volume] (Ashland, Ashland County, Ohio) 1854-1868, 1857-12-30
CLEvELANp AND ERIE RAILROAD

CLEVELAND AND ERIE RAILROAD
-
oIss7-sUMMER CHARACTERISTICS
I'm. and after May 2ath, 1851, Passeger
~ trains. Will run as follows:
.LEAyE CLEVELAND.
800 AN Mail Frain stops atal Way Stations
Wicktnfc. Perry, Unienville anu
SaybFoak, and arrive at Erie II 55
An; Dunkirk 2s0P-M; Buffalo
420 P. NJ.
/ 500 P. NJ. Cincinnati Express Train stops at
Painesville, Ashtabula, and Girard
only, and arrives at Erie 6 Is A.;
Dunkirk SO P NJ Buffalo 9.45P.
NJ.
4.0oP N. ACCOMMODATION Train for Conneaut
and Way Station.
500 p. NJ. Telegraph Express Train stops at
gainesville aud Kingsville only,
and arrives at Erie at $40 PM;
Dunkirk 1905 p. NJ: Buffalo ll-40
p. NJ.
$50 P. Nj. Night Express Train stops at
gainesville, Ashtabula. Conneaut.
and Girard only, and arrives at Erie
05 A. NJ; Dunkirk BIS A.. NJ;
Buffalo sos AN.
LEAVE LRIE.
IL. O NJ. Chicago Express Train stops at Cir
ard, Springfield, Kingsvine. Ashta-
bula, Geneva and Painsville only,
and arrives at Cleveland 80 A. M.
200 a. NJ. Night Express Train stops at Cir
ard, Conneaut, Ashtabula, Madison
and gainesville only, and arrives
at Cleveland 600 A. M.
6.45 A. NJ. Accommodation Train from Con-
neaut stops at alIWay Stations, and
arrives at Cleveland at $50 A. M.
1910 An. Mail Train stops at all Way Sta
tions except Saybrook, Unionville,
Perry, Mentor and Wicklife, and
arrives at Cleveland at 80 P. NJ.
I56 P. NJ. Express Train stops at Girard, Com
neaut, Ashtabula and gainesville
only, and arrives at Cleveland $50
rs P. M.
All of the through trains going Westward
connect at Cleveland with trains for Toledo,
Chicago, Columbus Cincinnati, Dc, DE-
And all the through trains going Eastward
connect at Dunkirk with the trains of the
N. Y. d E. Railroad and at Buffalo with those
ofthe New-York Central and Buffalo and New
York City Railroads.
H.NOTTINGHAM. Superintendent.
Cleveland. June. 1857. n7tf
The Ashland union. [volume] (Ashland, Ashland County, Ohio) 1854-1868, 1857-12-30

.Cksa9 Spogc Gakez3 eggs. !, cup
sugar, Ieup -four. 3 tablespoonfuis cold
water ! teaspoonf6lFaleratus 4 teaspoon
fui cream tartar, . little salt-stir the in
I ersdienss all together 20 minutes Bake
IS minutes over Z quick Ere
The Ashland union. [volume] (Ashland, Ashland County, Ohio) 1854-1868, 1857-12-30
MILLER HOTEE

ID z suDsLIIUEI uIFIHB tHIdTStu- dHu ItI[ItU DE-
IL weiIknowh hotel, opposite the Sampsei Hot Sc.
on Main street. is now prepared 10
the travelling public in a superior manBer-s de
hopes that the liberal patronage heretofore extend-
ed to him will be continued. He particularly In
vites his friends in the country to Gail ON hints
hisbiIls will alwaysbe found reasonable. Hista
BILE will constantly be supplied with the best the
market affords. Good stabling for horses and :
faithful Ostler will always be provided Boarding
for private families orssingle persons fnrni1hedht
reasonable rates.. uss4Ea
The Ashland union. [volume] (Ashland, Ashland County, Ohio) 1854-1868, 1857-12-30

And in fact, everything u~sualls ound ms
Cabinet Ware Room, all of shl be mad
bv the best workmen, out of the best material.
aud will be sold VERYlLOWEF0R READY
PAYI I will also keep a general assortment
The Ashland union. [volume] (Ashland, Ashland County, Ohio) 1854-1868, 1857-12-30
Farm for Sale.

80 The SUBSCRIBER oEFERS HIS Farm
Eral3 for sale, stu ated about four and a-haif miles
- from Ashland on the road leading from je-
bonneville to Mansfield The farm consists OF so
D acres of we'll Improved laid. with fruittrees of
ali kinds: a neverfailing srring of pure wesef;
two Dwelling Houses. a good bank barn, &C., &c.
For further Particular inquire Of
oct % 57lemei ISAAC pAyIs.