The Union and eastern journal. [volume] (Biddeford [Me.]) 1854-1858, 1857-04-10

anu W shorten III tuesc sOrts, us W. "O"N
the Others, would be to destroy half the crop
Of fruit. ~ these little particulars must
receive attention, and the operator, unless
guided by careful observation, must learn
something OF their habits in works which
treat upon the subject Knowing that these
precautions are necessary, the labor can be
performed with some confidence OF success ;
always cut neatly at an outward eye, US we
have already illustrated in an article in
previous volume. Trees upon the ounce
should be more severely pruned than those
ON the pear.
MASuRlxG, Every fruit tree must not
only 10 planted in proper soil and favor
able location to expect good results but the
sorl mus, be kept in good con dition in their
after-culture. For the pear il must be deep,
mellow and rich; for the apple equally good
but perhaps not so deep; and for other
fruit. mellow and frlable. The best season,
without doubt, for applying manure Is the
Autumn. 1t then not only protects the
roots from excessive frOsts, but allows the
soluble substances which it contains to be
carried down to the extremities OF the roots,
where it Is needed now that they are IN &c.
ton. But If by any neglect or fear oil waste
it has not been done no time should be lost
TO apply it at onee-the sooner the better.
n il is old aud well decompOsed, it Is all
the better, for fresh strawy manure Is not
suitable ut this season: il will do in the
Autumn. II there is not liberal supply
this nav be made 50 by the use of small
quantity of guano. Zone or two pounds to
the troc) Together they are better than
either alone, for the manure acts mechanic
cllly, lOoscninS the soil and rendering it
more pGrmcablc to air and moisture. Lot
one or both Of these be applied Immediately
and if the weather continues coil or unfit for
,illagc, let il lie undlsturhed around the tree
in circle OF five or six feet, till heweather
is sufficiently settled to spade it into the
ground. In the meantime it will sustain no
perccptible loss by evaporation, as is too
often feared, but on the contrary, its fer
tilizins substances will be carried down to
tho roots by the early and invisoratine
spring rains. In regard to the quantity OF
manure for each tree, this must dcrend on
its size, and the soil in which 1t grows. \
barrowiul may be given to tree beginning
to bear, and u less quantity to those not 50
far advanced. There is danger Of crrins on
the wrong side by giving too much.
Assoon as the soil is in working condition,
it should bo lightly dug, working in n; the
same time the manure prv-iousiy applied,
and which should bo given then If neglected
previously. After this it is only necessary
to keep the soil clear Of weeds, and ifa dry
locality, mulched with tan, hay, short grass
or even coarse manure agl the spring work,
as Tar as regards the soil, is done.
lSsEcrs. These are the pests fths culti.
va,or; when all seems accomplished that he
is able 10 do. these commence their attacks
and defeat his calculations. Their name is
legion. The stem, the blrk, the foliage,
the buds and the fruit are alike equal prey.
But some are more formidable than others,
while many are less destructive to the trees.
Those which require attention now are
among the former class, and no time should
be lost in destroying them. These are the
bark louise and Sc lie, the former attacking
the apple and the latter the pear /; both may
be easily detected upon the trunks and stems
of the tree, where they congresatc in such
numbers as to literally cover the bark. No
tree will long remain in health whilo they
are allowed 70 continue their depredations.
Fortunate is it that they can be 50 readi-
ly attacked by the aid ofa brush and oil
soap or potash, they may, by steady perse-
verance, be exterIninatcd, or at least, 50
diminished in numbers as to DO of little
harm. Two pounds Of potash dissolved in
seven gallons of water is highly recommend.
ed by many cultiyatorsa as an excellent wash |;
bu, WE have aIwav. u.,d a co,I ,biek soln.
,;o, wh,,. oil SUN s.rnhs;,. ,,o s,.m.
fnt with sand and water, IL not badly in
tested, and afterward applying tins soap
with a painter. brush. upon every limb
where a lousc or scale is to be seen. A
double application will usually or,ct our
object, If one does not do il, This should
BE- done now, before the trees bc-in 70 grow,
as ii is a more diiicul, operation when they
arc in leaf. Such as escape, the presen,
Spring, c,n b. oyertaken the coming Fall,
which is also a good time to continue the
work. Luckily we have been bu. slightly