The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1857-08-26

OF TIE world, published In tic HERALD Of Friday,
The 2Is. 'ns.act has, We anticipated, attracted
universal attention, and will no doubt be tree
ewed up as most valuable reference for the
future. We there exhibited tie number OF miles
oil Telegraph wires laid in almost all the countries
o. the mclid, and the systems adopted in each.
1t may be interesting now 10 know 10 what ex-
tent The people end governments of these couu-
tries avail themselves of the advantages offered
foe speedy communication by this new aod Won
! derfUl poser of electricity which modem science
has pressed into the service Of man.
Before the introduction of the magnetic teie-
| graph we bpow that naDy events of only COM
pa.atiye Importance, but still Of some iatercst to
those concerned, were never communicated at ali,
net evea by letter; yet now il is no uncommon
.hiDg to serd Intelligence by the Geographic line
o. tiiiing domestic affsirs: such as temporary
illness, an approaching marriage the departure
or arrival OF friend. If man is about to visit
distant city he engages his bed or orders bis
supper in advance by telegraph while before, he
would have to take bis chance for both &c i
the traveller he lady the electric spark is used
to SUMMON more substantial spark. in the form
Of male escort to wait her arrival at the rail
road depot
Ia TO country in the world is the telegraph
more frequently employed for these aad for all
I puiposes than in our own.
L. the United States there are 3; 900 miles Of
telegraph, over which pass annually four million
messages about 1880 for esery business day
il :he year. Tlis-puiiing the population IN
rouad numbers at twenty four millions would
be one message year for every enc in six OF the
! population
| Looking at The telegraph statistics of the E,i-
ropean States. Hc find that switzerland with the
| small population OF two million five hundred
thousand aud telegraph lines extending only
| sos miles. transmitted in 1856 two hundred
ard twenty seven thousand messages, &c witch
! 100 SO were within the republic, the remainder
! having either passed between one government
and another or in transit to and from points IN
other countries. Belgium, with four and half
millions Of people and $50 miles Of telegraph.
transmitted in the same lime II ,219 internal dcs-
patches, 34,12G International, aud 9,429 in
transit il all 81, 1874. Sardinia, with the same
population as Belgium, and only 200 miles of
! Telegraph, transmitted SS0l2 messaGes-a far
! larger numhtr and Of these 1851 were il
tsrnal, or passing between the inhabitants of The
Kingdom. Then, looking at Bavaria, with her
four million four hundred thousand people and a
thousand miles Of telegraph We find the annual
number Of messages &C III Of which over q 900
a:c internal; while Holland. with only three
millions population and six hundred miles Of &C.
legIaph, sends 10000 messages year, OF which
over 1000 are internal.
In the smaller States Of Wutemburg and
Saxony tee proportion OF messages to the number
Of Inhabitants and the length of lines is still
greater. In WGrtemburg, whose Inhabitants
number ONLY wo millions with only l9j miles
o; Telegraph tho number Of dispatches which
passed over The lines last year was 81 Sgi; OF
which, however, over $4,000 were merely in
ras.iI 10 and from other countries Tn Sayony,
with million eight hundred thousand inhabi-
iaas. AID only 81 miles Of telegraph, $4,000
mcssages passed over the wires in the same time,
over 900 Of which were within t5e kingdom,
and classed under the head OF Internal
Ia this classification wc assume that the total
number OF messages shows the amount Of bust
ness done by the telegraph companies in the diff
itrcp; countries: TIC International class shows the
extent to which the lines have been used for GO
vcrDmcnt purpose the Transit class shows bow
lar each country has been used az q medium Of
tel, graphic commune alton throughout the CONT
ncut &C EIrope; aud the internal class shows the
extent to watch the people have availed them
sciios of the value Of lhis mode Of intercourse;
thereby, according TO the iayoTite theory of the
age, indicating their prosr,ss IN civilization.
Many mey be surprised TO learn that Italy has
ALREADY in operation two thousand five hundred
mills Of Telegraph aud many more in course OF
construction. or those oow la operation, there
are :our buaGrtd miles ID Inc Papal Statcs over
vhich % $50 rnrfragcs passed in the Jcar 1856.
'l,oueh the population is little over three millions
Tie present Pope Las devoted much attention ~
toe construction Of Telegraph lines, and has invest
81 them Sith great importance by rendering
them media Of promoting scientific Investigation.
by transmitting meteorological dat, Whereby al
be! ometIical changes anu currents Of The wind
e:e instantly communicated from point ~ poiIL
hlm Il every large town in 1taly has its rnc,co-o
icecsi Observatory, either complete or Ia progress
o, cch .ruciicn The Papai government has re-
cenuy graIt.d sums 10 erect enc Of these oh=cr
satoIics al ArcoDa and Civitl Ncc5sa There
art also similar works in progress al Usbino.
, P-son, Bologba ard Fr-rara. During his recent
! tour through the States or the Church, Pial The
Ninth he's given orders iot the erection az telc-
! fruph stations in all tho principal places he
d VISITED v hoo. tt..v ia moi ..isl IaC,,a. -o t.t
in tie ccuise Of year or 80 Italy will We net
work Of telegraph lincs
Teicgap'c communication 90 the European
continent ~s. 9 matter o. sroel Importance. here
to'orr. 30 Us a; this side Of the atlantic; but the
suhico; has nov Income ono Of -crious interest, az
t. i-w Gays nty, even a few hours may suffice
J 10 connect our -hoyc- ia an unisosen chain with