The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1857-01-19


included in the prerequisites Is doubtful IL such
creation si)l Sske place without the consent of the
CoItes. more especially 1t has al Ways met with
The chi. "eiar,ion is thu, the Csptao ensrsI Of
Cuba will b. bsmpered In action should he he SUI
b0rdinste and have 10 refer for instructions to Min
lister at Madrid.
The Resou, ces OF Africa.
NrEREsrINe LEIrER-sPEBCH PROM DR. LIVING
sroH-sLAvE LABOR AND THE COTTON CULTURE
-5BE SLAVE TsADE-rHE SOURCES or The NILE
AND ZAhBEsE-
.rHs KDJroR OF TIE LONDON TIMES
SH-Tbere certainly would he no increase ID the
general happiness Of the world by the sim pie trans
ference Of the slave labor system of cotton growing
FRI ri the Southern States of Amer "a to either one
portion ano'ber Of the African continent; but
heve is improbable that such systeuE-one OF
nonstrous wrong 10 the black, AVID had ne'ghbor
| hood, with tendency TO political tyranny, to the
white will be the result of encouraging the Afr
cans to produce the rsw materials of our manufao
lures Oh their own soil, sbal endeavor to give
general view of the social political relations OF
The tribes with which am best acquainted, as it is
| on the PECULIAR les Of these that my belief Is
| founded, and you will then be able to deci ie
whether have bt Gu led to my conclusion by sober
reason or by too sanguine hopes
The government OF most OF the African tribes is
~ trisrchal Each man becomes head or Chief OF
| his own family end their dependents The children
build their huts around spot called the "kOls,"
which answers to the "gate' IN ancient times.
Above these pateIpal chiefs there n1uen ial
en- allied BY either blood or marriage to the chief
of the town or tribe. They have number of kot as
lo ds;" or by another word, meaning little great
cid ores" The chief (Morena or Kosi-lord or
kDg), with his cattle pen and kota in the centre OF
the town, ia head over all When man cannot
manage his son be appeals 70 his little lord' for
assistance; and when q man OF one k0tls has com
plant against one OF another kotla the case ~
brought by these little lords before the chief. If
ease requiring little consideration the chief decides
the evidence, which 10 given orally, the witness
alwaystfanding Should it be mat er OF m ore import
ance any public question: the chief sends Tor all his
lords, end the case is rebeard in their presence.
Thew utter their opinions freely and the chief sums
up their opin ons taking the same view or not as
the case may he, with the majority, If u man OF
otherwise, they generally carry it in theirs. The
chief seldom adopts any measure directly contrary
to public opinion. Que or two decided opponents
will make him wayer nd hesitate, and perhaps
have 10 the dice dyination. The elder.
or lords are guided by number OF maxDs or pro-
verbs which seem to have come down TO them by
tradition. These remarks refer chiefly 10 the tribes
south Of Is degrees south latitude. In the country
Of the true negro which lies north of that point the
political relations, though generally the same, are
sonewhat modified by female influence; but the
general relation OF one tribe TO another "
the same in all which came under my o.
servaiion. One tribe Ia perfectly independent
OF another, except by sort OF trndltlonary bond
which will become developed In cases OF invasion or
cor mon danger. IL seems TO have arisen from hav
ing had common origin, and II became partially
apparent when alate Colonial Governor made the
enOrDos mistake Of pretending " pla.e himself in
the traditional teodship Of the Csffre family
better plan tor rVus ing every particle OF patriotism
and loyalty OF the most devoted people on earth
could not have been devised than that Of what 70
IN Enelisbman will appear q very simple Affair
viz, appointing European kosnkolu instead of q
poor Csfrc one with withered leg. Universally 1t
must have been felt stab at their entire nstona
lily. II we sreak OF II without reference TO right
and wrong, q knowledge Of the African political
ka.x Lad
about him u initiate the conduct Of the English GO
vernment with the highland chies-quetly bought
up the power IL the under chiefs or subsidized
them, aud then the Kosinkou would have given no
more trouble than do the descendants OF OR Preten
dor.
Among the Bechuanas there Ia no paramount
chief, though they refer themselves 10 q common
origin They are more efieminate than the Caffres,
and thCse OF them who we're subjugated by Hosch
katie gave no trouble TO the Beer, who very wisely
sided away from the Cafires. 81 whom they unver.
sally entertain very wholesome dread. When they
(the Boers) wish t. appear valiant they name the
Bechusnas "Cafffes and may without much dan GER
perform brilliant -cryisc before tie enemy seeing
our government at the Cape prevents the Bechuanas
from receiving supplies OF ,gunpowder-although
supply u ~ NosTs, VINO have. Among the negroes
beyond Il d. s. the system a paramount chief pre-
walls in 'omcwtat greater force than IN Cafceland.
hatiamNo is The paramount chief ~ q very widely
scattered tIibe called balonda Ter B~Junds); bot
the vsrious chiefs who prufess subsection IN him
aie perfectly independent, yet use his name o.
q sort OF buebcar to each other. and every few
years send him present Cazcmte calls him
self vnsHal OF NataDyo too, and las q hercdi-
tary claim 10 be Reneralin-ohicf ~ him W. some
shs the Same way Of our Scotch peers does in
reference ~ his clan. Nopopa iapa, Ooro ho,apl
often named by the Portuguese the Emperor is
smother Of the paramount cnefs; but, thon m for
merly Subsidized by the Portuguese and bonored
With guard Of European troops. IL certainly not
such powerful man AZ sandiIloh in Csifrvlana.
Now, there various chtE, though nearly indie
penoent Of each other, are by no means independent
OF their people. suppce u man II dissatisfied With
one chief, he easily transfer himsef IN another;
and es q chief a importance increases with the nun
o+r e his fsilosers fusiiive- are always received
With open arms. The chief Of the Balobsle, who
are wet of the balcuds, az deg. and ~ deg. south
Latitude, 20 dog. esst longitode) sold Of hi.
people few years ago 70 kambar. The conse-
qucbcc vss Whole villages passod 70 the Blop-
GA, and raw item ~ on important part e the
popu!aiOn under Shntc. Slavery invariably
produces had neiphbObonA. Nearly az the
Portuguese wars have Lad this cement In
them" They recTfved end kept Or fugitive
eiets ccTdioi yrisndsl,P b,i,een Cs Unaed States
and EngLoBd fW eifhcr fugihrt dare oct is op-
sratre in Ccr1dc and Ergidad, o, sla-erv ia n,s,-
sh.d ~ tie South. In Afica extensive ala We system
could not lie carried oct any where exncpt in the
spaces enclosed in the deep redy rivers Of the Great
Valley. One Of TIE queens OF the Scbtiane tried %
Escape theme N The south; but, though accom-
panieo by eight at'encepts, she rot cntsngled IN
tfc lrsncbes Of The rivers 10 I've Obliged after q
mcnths alsenC,, ~ give hefselfnr In all the other
paIts of tho country the facilliss r esrepe are
greet tb9t the slave system, evfH hoagh II were de-
irnl 90 cstahlisn It. puld me- be worked. Would
tile necceserNl fake the most free ard indepen
dent pcfs'is 10 the country, the Bushucn and Ba-
kslshsri: they Nil and prepare upwards of 10000
rnsl animals. the skins ~ which are taken annually
20 the Cope IN the share o. Harnesses" Ultimately
HsDy OF them purchase tea in China. Three ~
four trndeis Daraqc the whole affair ASK en-
american and he would answer that thee animals
could only be collected from the desert by slave
Vol OF.
Then In Angola a very large amount Of ivory,
beoevax ard M m ard sweet oil " exported. We
cf hundre,s Of people carrying these articles 10 the
copst. The Baldnda and Ambonos collect most
tceswax by means Of hives, whicn wo saT p, os-
TANGO of Few miles on trees in the forest They
moi riyen 10 steal each others honey, from a fear
-, . - Lotn,, laced ON the trees For the most