davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Green-Mountain freeman. [volume] (Montpelier, Vt.) 1844-1884, 1857-05-14
Gl)e farmer.
Book Farming.

Mr.. EDITOR Il was much pleased with
the suggestion of IAN Orange County
Farmer" in the Freeman of April I'D, for
the following reasons i: First being farmer
myself, l am solicitous for the welfare OF a
large portion of cur community and equally
concerned in its advancement. Second, there
being no distinctive agricultural periodical IN
the State-if we may except the Stock Jo@r@-
ait is highly important and judicious, that
our papers be, in part, devoted to the inter-
ests Of q large portion of their readers
Third, as final reason, and one of no less
Importance, this mode of proceeding pursued,
would open fair field for investigation, in-
terchange of thought, opinion, &C., to the
farmers themselves, and thus subserve their
best interests, while it would not detract from
the other portions of the paper.
We often hear Editors making large pre-
tentions to Agriculture, devoting especial
pains to that department of their paper; but
somehow, they do not succeed to any extent
extracts from other farming journals, now
and then, completing the sum of what we
get. Why is this sol 1t should not, GER
family, be thus. But I think we should not
wholly, trace the cause to the Editor, and lay
the sin at his door. There is lack of ener
gy on the part of farmers, themselves, that il
but too plainly apparent. But this is not be-
cause there is not sufficient talent among the
hills and wales of Vermont to become avail
able in any emergency no, for we may take
New York Or Massachusetts, paper, anc
there find the productions of Vermont farm
srs. Then why not support the journals O.
our own State Why leave the task wholly
to the Editor, until tired of selecting from
exchanges, instead of from good bundle o
the " original" he has given up in despair
concluding that if farmers will not help them
selves, it is in vain to help them?
But methinks Editors are in fault some
times, themselves, in not giving a cordial in
vitation to farmers to become contributors t.
their papers, whereby some are deferred fror
writing that otherwise would; but the Edit
or of the Freeman has removed these objet
tons on his part, and hope he will receiv
that assistance which he has right to expec
and may the time be not far distant, when Ii
Freeman shall occupy in the Agricultur;
ranks, what it now does in the cause of MAJ
with this motto, Free Soil and Free Men
EDWIN RUrHvEN.
Franklin
Green-Mountain freeman. [volume] (Montpelier, Vt.) 1844-1884, 1857-05-14
Ploughing Sward Land.

MIR. EDITOR TO "W. w. Manning" in
freeman for April 80, we would say-if the
land you ploughed last August is naturally
very rough, it would doubtless be better to
plough again; if smooth ground, and well
turned, do not disturb it with the plough,
but harrow thoroughly as the finer the
ground is pulverized, the better it is for any
crop.
We should apply the manure by all means
Appealing from the remarks made "a coat
spread on the ground and narrowed in, with
liberal quantity put in the hill, well decay
ed, is highly beneficial for corn, and indis.
pensible for a good crop, unless the land is in
high condition, when, that put in the hill
would be sufficient, which is probably the bet.
ter OF the two modes. although requiring the
most labor. Corn, unlike some crops, will
do we'll in soil of a highly stimulating ma.
ture, while wheat upon the same ground
would tail, unless very stlff-strawed.
To "Jeremy Leod," we would say,-doubt
less, you will find ashes beneficial if applied
upon your land in any manner. If used 70,
corn, uaaleached ashes are valuable as tor
dressing, put around the corn after it is up
being careful not to bring them in contac
with the tender shoots, as they would injurc
them. If your ground is infested with tn,
wire-worm, perhaps it would be we'll to pu
ashes into the hill. IF sown to wheat, spread
your ashes broadcast, as that is the manner
in which they do in Ireland, where they &c
double the yield we do from crops, and there
am informed, they use ashes on all kinds o
crops, and find them very valuable.
EDWIN RUTHvEN.
Green-Mountain freeman. [volume] (Montpelier, Vt.) 1844-1884, 1857-05-14
DESTROYING Weeds. &c
Franklin.

Mr.. EDITOR II think that Reynard :"
is right in relation to destroying the White
Daisy. Where these grow, not much else is
found to thrive, and the land is generally in
too poor condition to produce the superior
grasses
Thorough cultivation and manuring would
certainly be more profitable than moving in
warm rain,'' as it would leave the land in
fit condition to produce something else, be-
sides no1o and then a daisy.
But the most profitable of our hay-crop,
Timothy" or herds-grass," is getting to
be an uncertain crop. On dry upland, in
however good condition, it soon produces but
scanty crop, and that mostly of leaves af-
ter seeding. The loss of this species of grass
Is almost irreparable to the farmer, and will
scarcely be compensated by the ..saccharine
stalks of the Sorghum.
Glover, although generally heavy pro.
Queer, IS so difficult to harvest in good condi.
ton, and then hardly equal to Timothy for
stock, that we would not willingly change.
There may yet, among the many "discov.
cries." of the age, be something found, that
will stop the wholesale ravages of this IN.
known enemy, and in the meantime we must
be casting about for something to supply the
deficiency, or that relentless enemy of the
farmer, Short-Times," will come upon us
unawares. More anon.
Yours truly, EDWIN RUTHvEN.
Franklin.
Green-Mountain freeman. [volume] (Montpelier, Vt.) 1844-1884, 1857-05-14

How TO SELECT FLouR.-I look at its col
Or; if it is white, with a slightly yellowish
straw-colored tint it is good sign. If it
is very white, with blush cast, or with
black specks in it, the flour is not good. 2.
examine its adhesireneSS wet and knead a
little of it between your fingers if it works
dry and elastic, it is good if it works soft
and sticky, it is poor Flour made from
spring wheat is likely to be sticky g.
Throw a little lump of dry -four against a
dry, smooth, perpendicular surface if it ad-
heres in lump, the flour has life in it; if il
falls like powder, it is bad 4. Squeeze
some of the -four in your hand if it retains
the shape given it by pressure, that, too, is a
good sign,
Flour that will stand all these tests, it il
safe to buy These modes were given by ole
flour dealers, and we make no apology fol
printing them, as they pertain to matter
that concerns everybody, namely; the quail
ity of that which is the staff of lifc."-
Ohio Farmer.
Green-Mountain freeman. [volume] (Montpelier, Vt.) 1844-1884, 1857-05-14
Cardinal Points of Ag. Improve
ment.


EDS. Co. GENr.-It appears to me that
the four cardinal points, or we may say lev
ers, by which agriculture is to be improved
at the present day, as drainage, an Improved
mode of blowing a proper and economical
use of domestic manures and irrigation
LIST. As to drainage. Where shall we
drain and how shall we drain, are the ALE
important questions before we commence OPP
perations. Much of this depends on the
formation of the earth or the geological struc-
ture. Practice would undoubtedly accom-
plsh all this in time, but the process would
be much facilitated by knowledge Of geol-
ogy. Where shall we drain? | am inclined
to think in our climate, where evaporation
is so great, we need only to free the soil from
foreign water--that is, what runs on or per-
colates through the soil from above upon the
given space. By deep blowing, say from
II to II inches, with good manuring, the
earth will absorb all that falls from the
clouds by rain and snow, and the same is re-
quired there to supply the earth during
drought [ have been led to this conclusion
from some having owned and cultivated lane
that was porous for some IL or IL inches a
the top, and very compact under that, so a
to hold water during the summer when
hole was excavated like kettle. That Liant
could be plowed soon aferward, and at tn
same time endured the drought better tha
any land / ever knew. This is nature
drainage, and I thiqk perfect. Again it j
well Sttested fact thai most of our land
soon after they were cleared, did not sufe
1 from a surplusage of water as they have a
ter long cultivation. The reason of this III
doubleday is that the roots running deeI
was substitute for deep blowing. 1t
much easier to cultivate II or even 20 incl
es deep, than to make thorough drainage.
After we have settled the point what lane
need draining, the next idea is how shall W
do it? The most approved mode in tn
country would appear by large leadin
bitches, and small lateral and parallel one
which has been aptly called the gridion sy
tenn. noticed by an article in your column
some time ago, that this system was col
demned by some in Europe. This thin
must depend upon the formation of the roc
which underlies the surface. think that
must be the only mode attended with SUI
cess.
Green-Mountain freeman. [volume] (Montpelier, Vt.) 1844-1884, 1857-05-14
A Fearful Bubble.

In the great nursery Of the West the children
are at play with great airy bubble-each one
tossing off his offspring, which helps to make up
the great whole. Upon the falsely created value
of real estate and the over speculations, there
is fearful crash pending over the country
Wealth has gone West Ask man where are
his snug cottage, his pleasant fields, his herds
and crops, and he replies, gone West" Ask
the man of wealth, where are his hard round
dollars, his real estate and Stocks and he replies,
" invested in the West" Invested in what1
Invested in the rise of land So much is this
done, that it has drained the East of money j.,
and created false value of real estate in the
wilds of the West, so that rs per cent is readily
paid for all the wild cat issues that find their
way to the eyes of the people. Every body is
buying and selling lands. Every body is going
West-going to the cities and towns to secure
other business than agriculture; and those
versed in commercial lore are drcadipg fearful
crash Boston and New York merchants will
only sell on short time, and hordes of their
agents and heads Of houses may now be found
West, collecting in, for fear of bankruptcy.
Those who have lately gone West are returning
in great numbers, to await the result which
everybody expects. The number returned to
this State this year is larger than in any three
years before. Now is no time to invest Await
the bursting of the bubble, and real estate now
held at one hundred dollars per acre, can be
bought for ten. Then will be the time for in,
vestment. The return of speculation, which
always has its tides, will enrich the then land
holder.
Green-Mountain freeman. [volume] (Montpelier, Vt.) 1844-1884, 1857-05-14

Terms OF SYSTEMATICALLY year, strictly in ad-
vance, At the end of the year, $500 After the paper
has year, 90 will pay behind and year In
advance. No subscription allowed to run year
unpaid No paper sent out of the State unless paid in
advance. These terms will be rigdly adhered to in all
cases.
RATES OF ADvERrsINe-Twelve lines, or less one in
serton 80 cents three insertions, $780, three months,
$780, One fourth column, three months, $1,000; six
months, $500; year, $780, One half column, one
year, s40 One column, year, $75. Liberation no.
tices &C., &C., must be paid in advance in all
To ADvBRrIsERsThe FREEMAN has the largest crcula-
ton In the Counties of Washington, Orange and Lamoe,
and double that of any other political paper in the State
at large 1t offers the best medium for legal notices &C.,
and the rates cheap as any in the State
Green-Mountain freeman. [volume] (Montpelier, Vt.) 1844-1884, 1857-05-14

The BURDELL MURDER. The excitement dur
ing the trial of Mrs. Cunningham for the muir
der of Dr. Burdell, has cooled off materially,
and as nothing new was elected, it had come to
be expected that the prisoners would be discharg-
ed. On Saturday the case was given to the
jury at seven o clock precisely. Al twenty five
minutes before eight, the jury came in. The
verdict was Not Gully.
Mr.. John Graham, counsel for Eckel, asked
the discharge of his client on bail, the acqut-
tai OF the person charged as principal being
sufficient warrant therefor. Judge Harris took
the personal recognizance of Ecke in $4,000 to
appear on Monday, the 18th inst, when it is
very probable the case will be given up.
Green-Mountain freeman. [volume] (Montpelier, Vt.) 1844-1884, 1857-05-14

PoTATors-WHIcH END TO PLANT p
John Brown of New Hamshire, the origina,
tor of the Improved King Phillip Corn, tried
careful experiments to settle it. With Pink
eye potatoes, seed ends produced ITO pounds
and butt ends 2l7 on equal areas of land
With Peach-blows, the result was ITO to 22s
on the same area. If this indicates the DIFF
ference in the value of the two ends 70,
seeds, we may say, that butt ends will ado
about one-fourth to the yield Our cores
pondent can calculate whether this will pa,
for using butt ends exclusively for seed.
Green-Mountain freeman. [volume] (Montpelier, Vt.) 1844-1884, 1857-05-14

NOTICE We notice that in some instances
the former subscribers and agents of the Far
mer are paying their subscriptions to A. Per-
kins, Jr., the former publisher of that paper.
That is wrong. All accounts for the Farmer.
due from the subscribers whose names were
transferred to us, have become our property,
and must be paid to US. A. Perkins, Jr., is
not our agent.
Green-Mountain freeman. [volume] (Montpelier, Vt.) 1844-1884, 1857-05-14

GROWING ONIoNs.-EDs. RURAL:-As
am adventurous, and liks to try experiments,
and see whot things will come, TO have grown
onions and as see the men talking in the
RURAL about growing onions, thought |
would tell you how l do it, AS soon as the
ground will permit, | pillow deep, and manure
we'll, then drag down and furrow out in beds
8 Or 10 feet wide. This done, procure a
board of long as the width of the bed, and
about Is inches wider. Place it on the bed
and plant the onions potato onions) 6 inches
apart near the edge of the board, and cover
smooth.-Then turn over the board and pro-
coed as before. This will leave the beds in
very nice order. Two years ago planted
one bushel of small potato onions, and they
produced y bushels of large ones. Boys
try this, it pays Wells. WAKELEE, Roches.
ter N. Y, March, 1S57-Rural New York.
Green-Mountain freeman. [volume] (Montpelier, Vt.) 1844-1884, 1857-05-14

Position OF PosTs.-Posts set in earth,
particularly in loose, sandy soil, which allows
the air penetrate, are apt to decay very rap
idly. Inverting the position, so that the
sticks stand t'other side up with care" has
long been known as inducing considerably
increased endurance, and has been often pub
lished, but never yet sufficiently, introduced
into practice.
Green-Mountain freeman. [volume] (Montpelier, Vt.) 1844-1884, 1857-05-14

Two hundred and fifty bushels of the Chi
nese Sugar Cane have been distributed by
the Patent Office this season. This Cane is
destined to be cultivated as extensively in the
United States as Indian corn, yielding, as il
does, at the same time, sugar and provender
Green-Mountain freeman. [volume] (Montpelier, Vt.) 1844-1884, 1857-05-14

AGRICULTURAL PRoDUoTs OF ANTI-REFoRM
FARMERS" Sonny, I don't see anything
growing about here, what does your father
raise on this land 2"
Wall, he raises hackmatach, grasshop.
pers, hop-toads, tumble-bugs, and some 9th.
er vegetables. Yesterday, he raised a
double-breasted pig-pen right under the win.
dow and mother raised Cain"
Green-Mountain freeman. [volume] (Montpelier, Vt.) 1844-1884, 1857-05-14

EMIGRATION TO VRaINIA.-0ne of the rarest
chances for emigration to warmer climate is
now offered by the organization of the company
recently chartered by the New York Legislature,
Tor facilitating emigration to Virginia The
Company organized, at New York city, last
week, and Eli Thayer was chosen President
We shall refer to this matter more fully at an
other time.
Green-Mountain freeman. [volume] (Montpelier, Vt.) 1844-1884, 1857-05-14

MAPLE SUGAR.-Eiemd Boyce: As I as
sured you in former letter, that l would
send you the exact amount of Maple Sugar
made in this town the present year, l take
this opportunity of doing SO, as the farmers
have mostly ceased making The amount is
26,319 lbs, Saying nothing of what has been
used for home consumption,) which is, we
think doing well for a town that polls only
eighty votes If any of the neighboring
towns in Vermont can beat it, we shall be
happy to hear from them.
Jesse G. Robbins has a sugar-place CON
tanning 225 trees, from which he has made
1862 lbs. Yours truly,
A. N. II. PIPER.
Hancock, May 9Th. 1857.
Green-Mountain freeman. [volume] (Montpelier, Vt.) 1844-1884, 1857-05-14

NEVER TAKEN PApER.--There is family
which has lived in the town of -, in this
County, ifty-seven years, and never taken a
paper until they subscribed for the Freeman, q
few months since.
Green-Mountain freeman. [volume] (Montpelier, Vt.) 1844-1884, 1857-05-14

FIRE.-rhe American House, at Rutland
w. together with two stores adjoining, were
destroyed by fire on Friday evening. The fire
was the work of an incendiary,
Green-Mountain freeman. [volume] (Montpelier, Vt.) 1844-1884, 1857-05-14

STATE HousE.-We learn that Ira P. Har.
rington and Eliphalet Hewlett, of Barre, have
the contracts for quarrying the new granite for
the State House.
Green-Mountain freeman. [volume] (Montpelier, Vt.) 1844-1884, 1857-05-14

VINO IS ITl-The following is a copy of
letter received, with the money enclosed on the
9th inst. Who is it from There was no name
signed.
SrowE, May 7, 1857.
Mr.. BoYcE sir Enclosed you will find
one dollar and fifty cents, to credit me for the
Freeman: Also, postage stamp for Sugar Cane
Seeds. Send, and oblige, yours.
Green-Mountain freeman. [volume] (Montpelier, Vt.) 1844-1884, 1857-05-14
HOSTILE TO RRPUBLIoANIsM.

The Mormons are quite as hostile to the
Republican form of Government as they are
to the usual forms of Christianity. In their
official correspondence with Government thew
are respectful, but at home publicly and pri.
vately, they indulge in the coarsest and most
brutal assaults upon the United States Gov.
ernment, and its officers. Officially court.
eous, they are everywhere else malignant
backbiters and traducers. This is proven BY
the correspondence published by the Execu.
tive Documents First Session of the XXXIII
Green-Mountain freeman. [volume] (Montpelier, Vt.) 1844-1884, 1857-05-14

Hancock, May 9Th. 1857.
Weekly North Carolina standard. [volume] (Raleigh, N.C.) 1850-1858, 1857-09-30

DID He OR DID He NOT ?-Our neighbor of the
Register puts the following pointed question to our
friend of the Warrenton News touching and con-
corning the fancy ball at Shocco:
"For the qualification of our fair readers, we ex-
tract to day from the Warrenton Ne,os, an account
of the great doings at Shocco Springs last week. Tt
must have been really grand affair, and We quite
envy our Warrenton contemporary the privilege he
enjoyed of looking upon the attractive spectacle
But did the Editor of the Neaos tako it out in
ly looking on, or did he participate, and with the
characteristic virtue of his countrymen feel too
modest to give account of his exploits g in the
gay and festive scene the halls the halls of dazzling
light ?"
With the Register we incline to think he did. We
know he states in his account of the ball, that he
made his way through the room in the company OF
an experienced friend"-but this is most probably
modest way of telling his readers that he joined
in the dance He certainly was in the dance, and
went through it, according to his own statement.
P. s. The Associate has just returned and de.
sires us to interrogate the Editor of the Nescs
follows: Did you or did you not drink any cham
pagne on the occasion? 2 And if so, was it " Held
SICK" or only $3.50. .,
Weekly North Carolina standard. [volume] (Raleigh, N.C.) 1850-1858, 1857-09-30
Imports and Exports.

The Washington Union of late date contains
t.h;e Of he exports and imports Of the United
S..,.s from s46 to 1867, inclusive, iael1ding spe'
Gle and bullion. In ls4s, for example. he total ex-
norts .mo,,ted to $11s 5I6, and the total i'm
norts to s19f 6sI,7s.T. In 1866. the exports were
1926 es4 sos and the uports 1914 ,s4s and in
1857 the exports were s>se2. .s4s.14 and the i'm
norts ssso 900 AL The .Tnion concludes its re.
marks as follows:
"The preceding tables show an importation, an ea eS
elusive Of specie and bullion in 1885, o,
342, against $3lO,432, $40 in 1856, 'n"e our eH-
ports, exclusive of specie and bullion, for the 'orm
er year amounted to $293, ,S12, 1922 and To- tne 5a,
ter to 1921 ,2l9 423. The specie imported l. 40
amounted to $ll, ,975, 100, and bullion to 1886, u
in all, S12, ,461 ,799. OF this re-exported in spe~
Gle So, ,O37, ,349, and in bullion $2l ,221-making an
aggregate of So G5S 570 and leaving clear cash,
balance in our favor of So, ,4O3 229, which, carried
to the value of our exports exclusive Of specie and
bullion leaves a residue Of SOL s9l against US,
to be paid in specie and bullion of domestic produce
To meet this amount we have exported $2S,777, ,372
in specie, and So 800, $50 in bullon-making total
amount of specie and bullion of domestic produce
exported $50 OTIS 352 leaving clear balance in our
favor from the years operations of $s,s65, ,461.
With results like this before our eyes, is it not
silly in The extreme to preach and worry ourselves
and others about excessive imporations, over trad
ing, and the like nonsense, when the fact is that,
though our imports of foreign merchandise this year
exceed those Of 1856 by $37 O32 the year closes
with balance of foreign Indebtedness IN our favor
of nearly 50, ,O00, 900 in hard cash.
Weekly North Carolina standard. [volume] (Raleigh, N.C.) 1850-1858, 1857-09-30
NoRTH.cARo11NA VIZ, NEsDAY. SEPTEMBER 3O 1857

Heavy Arrivals of Fall and Winter Goods.
The stocks of Fall and Winter Goods arriving
daily to our merchants, exceed by far those OF pre-
vious years. We observe too, that they embrace
many novelties both useful and ornamental.
In our advertising columns Messrs. Heart Ire
dell and Messrs W. H. & R. S. Tucker the tlrsf
in the Dry Goods business to announce their claims
to public patronage, and we requested to state
that Messrs. Brown & Wiggins working night
and day to unpack and assort their stock. Their
advertisement will appear in our next With Ready
Made Clothing &C., Williams Co., are in the field
Books, Stationery &C.. Henry D. Turner, and with
Drugs, Medicines and Perfumery, Williams Hay
wood. The advertisements of other houses will fol-
low they close their arrangements for the season.
Whilst ON this subject, we take pleasure in call.
ing attention to the advertisement of the Raleigh
Bakery. Mr.. Bromell is young man and new
beginner, and intends to push good legitimate bu
siness. He may be depended upon.
Weekly North Carolina standard. [volume] (Raleigh, N.C.) 1850-1858, 1857-09-30
The late lanes C.. Dobbin.

The following beautiful and well merited compl-
ment to the memory of Mr.. Dobbin, is from the St
Cloud (Mnnesota) Adcertiser, a paper published at
the head of navigation on the upper Mississippi and
is probably, the most distant journal in the Union,
at least on this side the Rocky Mountains To
YOUTH it is an encouraging example, teaching how
sure is the reward and how universal the fame of
the truly virtuous and talented Statesman:
DEATH OF Mr.. DoBBIN.-Among the latest news
is the sad intelligence of the death of Hon. Jas. G.
Dobbin, of North Carolina, late Secretary of the
Navy. He was man of uncommonly pure charac-
ter, and lawyer of great ability. Between him
and Gen. Pierce there existed peculiar cordality
and confidence. Mr.. Dobbin handed his resignation
to the President account Of i'll health once or
twice, but it was not accepted. 1t is remarkable
that the Cabinet Of the last administration the
only one which has continued to the end without a
vacancy, and that within six months after the close
of the administration two distinguished members
have been removed by DEATH"