Semi-weekly standard. [volume] (Raleigh, N.C.) 1853-18??, 1857-12-12

nnblc lands The consequence has been that large
portions and thus The price Is greatly enhanced to
e who desire to purchase for actual settlement ln or
dr 10 limit the area OF speculation as much as possible the
ncton of the Indian title and the extension If the pub
lie surveys ought only TO keep pace with the tide of emf
grafton should h.rsof,.r gran, ,,,o-r,,s soc,;ons IN
c,es or companies, they have done hereiof re-
omend thai the intermediate sections retained by the
should be subject to presumption by actual set
o,cht ever be cardinal policy the pub
m lands as much may be for nciual settlers and this at
Iara,e prices We shall III only best promote the
noerty cf the States and Territories and the power
Y he Union bu, shall homes to our poseriiy for
man! se"''"' INDIAN AFFAIRS
The extension of our limits has brought within uris
dcon many additional and Popnlons tribes of Indians
rr utoportou of which are wild, unlraciabe, und difficult
Ss,nrcI Predatory and warlke in their disposition
and habits impossible altogether to restrain them from
commit ing aggressions on each other, well upon our
Ser citizens and those emgating 10 distant States
and Territories. Hence expensive military expeditions are
frequently necessary to oveiawe and chas'se The more law
The present system Of making them valuable presents
;ouepce them 10 remain al peace has proved Intellectual.
# Is believed to be the better policy to coonze them in
,obe localities where they can receive the rudiments OF
incaton and be gradually induced 10 adopt habits of in
du,ry So far AS the experiment las been tried il has
worked well in practice and it will doubtless prove to be
Lass extensive than the present system
The whole number of Indians within territorial limits
is believed be- from the bes, data in the Interior Depart
T%s tribes Of Cherokecs Choctaws Chickasaws, and
Greeks settled in the territory set apart for them west of
Arkansas rapidly advancing in education and in all the
arts of civilization and self governments and may in
Gure the agreeable anticipation that at very distant day
the, will be Incorporated into the Cnlon as one Of the SOW
e's's" ''''' poST.oFFICE DEPARTMENT.
It will be seen from the report of the Postmaster Gen
oral that the Post Office Department still continues to de-
mend ON the treasury il has been compelled to do for
several past for important portion of the means
of sustaining and extending its operations. Their rapid
rwt and expansion are shown by decenniai statement
Of the number nj post offices and the length Of post roads,
commencing with the wear 81 In That year there were
T0OOros offices in 1887 l77 in lSi l5IbG aud in 1851
they number 26,jSG. In this year 725 post offices have
been established aud 70i discontinued, leaving net n-
Of sl The post masters of j6s offices are appon-
ted By the President.
The elglh of post roads in 1927 lo5.a36 miles in
1881 1922 miles; in lsi7 l58siS miles and in the year
1857 there 2t2G0l miles Of post road including $3.50
miles of railroad, which The nails are transported
The expenditures of the department for the fiscal year
ending the 3bth June, 1856, adjusted BY the Auditor,
amounted to jO7G7o To deay these expenditures there
was the credit of the department the s july, l'56
the sum of S7o5og; The gross revenue Of The year. IN
Guiding The annual allowances for The transportation of
free mamatter, produced ESoi395; and The remainder
supplied by the appropriation from the treasury OF
gust H. 1856 and by the appropriation Of $dios3 made
BY the act of March g. 1881 leaving 252,G3 10 be carried
TO the credit the department in The q" the
year commend 10 your consideration the report of
the department in relation 10 the establishment Of the
land mail route from the Mississippi rivero san Francisco
California. The route selected with my full concur
renee the one in my judgment, best calculated 10 at
tain the important objects contemplated by Congress
RETRENCHNENT.
The late disastrous monetary revuson may have one
good effect should it both the government and the
people TO the practice Of II wise and ndciOus
economy both in public and private expenditures.
An overlooking treasury has led to habits OF prodgaty
and extravaganza in legislation. 1t has induced N.
greSs to make large appropriations TO objects for which
they would have provided had been necessary TO
raise the amount of revenue required to meet them by IN
creased taxation by loans. We are now compelled to
pause in career and scrutnize expenditures
with the utmost vigilance and in performing this duty,
pledge my cooperation to the extent of my constitutional
1t ought to be observed at the same time that true public
economy does no, consist in Withholding the means
TO accomplish Important national objects ntrusted Ia
BY the Constitution and especially such may be necessa
ry for the common defence In the present or of the
country it is duty 10 cOnint appropriations to OBJ
ccs OF this character unless in where justice in
dlvdua demand different course In all cases care
ought to be taken that the money granted by Congress shall
be faithfully and economically applied
PUBLIC BUSINEss-THE VETO
Under the Federal Constitution, every bill which shall
hare passed the House of Representatives and tie Senc..
shall, before it becomes law, be approved and signed by
the President; and ifnot approved he shall return it with
hi, objections that house in which originated" In
der to perform this high and responsible duj sufficient
time must be allowed 10 the President to read pnd examine
every bill presented to him for approval Uh!ss this be
Afforded the Cons ttution becomes dead letter in this par
cuar; and even worse it becomes means Of deception
Our constituents seeing the Presidents approval and sigma
re attached to each act of Congress induced To be-
ievc that he has actually performed this duty, when, in
tnt h, nothing is, in many cases, more unionnded.
From the practice OI Congress such examination o
each bill the Constitution requires has been rendered I'M
possible The most important business Of each session is
generally crowded into its last hours and the alternative
presented to the President is either to violate the Constitu
t,nG duty which he owes to the people, and approve bills
which, for of time it is impossible he should have
auncd. or by his refusal to do tins subject the country
and individuals, Ia great loss and Inconvenience.
Besides, practice has grown up ofIae years to egsatc
in appropriation bills at the late hours Of the session.
new and important subjects This practice consirns the
President either to suffer measures To become laws which
he does not approve or to incur the risk Of stopping
oil nnypr
Formerly, such bills confined to specific approprii
tons for carrying into effect existing laws and the wclle
tabishcd policy of the country, and little time then
CURED by the President for their examination.
For my part, have deliberately determined that
shall approve no bill which have not examined, and il
viii be a of and most urgent necessity which
shall induce depart from this rulc therefore
respectfully but earnestly recommend that the iwn houses
would allow the president least days previous 10 the
adjournment Of each session within which new bill shall
be presented TO him for approval Under the existing JOINT
rule onc day is allowed but this rule has been hitherto
Constantly suspended in practice, that important bills con-
nuc to be presented TO him up to the vcy last moments
oil the session In large majority of great public
Inconvenience arise from the want Of time 10 examine
their provisions because the Constitution has declared that
bill be presented to the President within he last ten
days of the session he is not red 10 return it, either
with approval with veto, in which shiluot
be law" 1t may then lie and be taken up and pass
ed at the session Great Inconvenience would only be
experienced in regard 10 appop n'i0n Bills but fortunate
N under the late excellent law allow salary instead of
aper diem, TO members of Congress- the expense and in
convenience Of a called session will be greatly reduced
DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA
cannot conclude without commencing to yOur favorable
cons Iteration the interests of The people Of this District
Without representative the floor Of Congress they have
Tor this very peculiar claims upon just regard
o'hs know from my long acquaintance with them, they
are enlnenty entitled.
WASHINGTON, Dec. g. 1857.