New-York daily tribune. [volume] (New-York [N.Y.]) 1842-1866, 1857-11-07

de.teti.m tempered BY asss,sinstior how far o
dread Of tie "sood Old rule" of quietly put
ting the sovereign out Of the way wheo his meat
v,es were particularly Sstasteful to the nobility,
may have Iest1aioed Nicholas IN bis emancipation
project, 10 Of course III known but that his son and
spcce,sor 10 net controlled By such fears, IS
certa3.
TIE upcbapseable resolve ss reeards nsncipa-
ton is taken Some considerable time since, CON-
miison, presided over by the Grand Duke Con-
startne, was appointed to elaborate suitable pro-
ject. The lsbors Of th. body must be cautious
and we'll poIdered The relations between the
sers and their masters s-e manifold and comph-
cat:d varying, according to divers traditional Gus
toms, and tie domestic and local eIigencies OF the
different regions through which this gigantic In
pire extends. Divergent int,res1-nay, more
hcsiihties are TO be coDcilated. The MOBILITY pos
sees not only the serfs, but likewise the SOIL The
probe to be solved is not only to restore human
rights to the terfs but to endOw them at once Win
honesteads, which Of course, are to b. cut out OF
the lard OWED hitherto exclusively BY their mas
ters. The latter are thus not only deprived OF the
capital represe BY the serfs, but likewise OF Pc
msneDt lAborers for future working Of the fields
To this loss, as we ssid, il TO be added that Of
lands TO be Transformed into homesteads for the
Lew freeInen. II can be easily understood how
tic ass Of the nobility might be spprehensive OF
their future condition. Undoubtedly, this revulsion
in the internal husbandry Ct the Empire may occa-
zion Losses, though the apprec alton of the value
tf land upon the manumission Of serfs s inevitable
The ultimate results Of emancipation wild prove
beneficial, socially and economically to both no.
bilty and peasantry; bot at the start, aud during
the years Of transition, the mobiles will at least con-
slider themselves the exclusive losers. Their whole
agricultural % stem must undergo moral aud
technical change.
The existing Commission receives proposals from
all Sides The nobility submit their opinions, the
majority admitting the necessity Of emancipation,
but differing infinitely as to the mode One Of the
cardinal objections is that, the soil and the climate
Of many northern counties being less susceptible Of
culture the emancipated serfs might abandon those
regions and fette in the more fertile PROVINCES for
instance, in central and southern Russia between
the Dneiper, the WOlsa, and the Don, forming an
immense and rather thinly peopled area of wheat
lands Of inexbaustible fertility. The Commission
intend in most cases to abandon the settlement Of
the question to the interested parties the serf and
the master, on the principle of offer and demand.
The homestead in Russia prope. is TO cOnsist OF be.
tween thirty.fve and forty acres. The mode OF
compensation for the lost estate in labor and land il
TO be the .utject Of mutual arrangement Where
no such arrangement is possible BY mutual under
standing, Board Of Commissioners will mediate,
as was done in Prussia, and settle defnitvely the
amount and nature of compensation. This CON-
pepsatt is to be paid at once or by instaments, at
the will Of the parties, not extending, however,
over thirty years; and so long as the debt is not
paid, the peasant shall not be allowed to abandon
his Homestead. Such il q general outline Of the
project devised it is said, by the Commission and
which is to DO submitted with various other details,
to the decision of the Emperor so soon as he reaches
The capital on his return from bis European tour.
Russia proper 10 aloIe affected BY tbis measure.
In Polsnd forming The relcs of the kingdom created
by the Treaty of Vienna in 1915. the peasantry
were emancipstsd a. the beginning Of this century
by the Plussisn dominion and subsequently by the
Code Napoleon. But an immense majority of the
eInsDcipated then got no homesteads and do not
now possess them, and thus depend on the pleas
ure If the landowners. Alexander III has decreed
that tie land owners mostly MOBILES, shall give
bomekteads 10 their tenants or labOrers This
decree 10 already in operation. The parties are t.
come to settlement by mutua! agreement, and II
in the cour.e Of five years no such agreement should
be made, then the Government will interfere aud
decide For ten years to come these new home
stesds acquired by the Polish peasantry are not to
be sold by the possessors or to change hands This
restriction on the free action Of the peasaDtry has
ito origin in the peculiar condition OF the popula-
iCp, and its worlirg will prove beneficial. In the
Duchy of Posen, part Of Poland under Prussian
dominion since 1915, the peassntry received home
steads ore than thirty years ago, But an im-
meuse msiority of these small freeholds have passed
into the hands Of Germans who are superior 10 the
Poles in industry, culture, and the spirit Of order
Thur. before the Poles had time to develop the
qualities to enjoy their newly acquired liberty,
they lost their property or squsndered it. 10 Pc.
land, incorporated With Russia and conterminous
with Prussia, the same peaceful change would
easily teke Piace' iLVuranuo Vn Inous >oos vi
Germans are already settled in Poland, and others
will conc thither, allured by the comparative
cheapness of land. Moreover, the Jews, amount
ing in Poland proper to about 600, 900, would like
vile prove fatal to the hitherto uucultivated and
rather diserderly Polish PEASANT. The ten years,
therefore, fixed by the law, during which he is pre-.
vented from selling bis property, ought to DO con.
.idered a. tutelary disposition, giving him time
70 serre bis apprenticeship 10 q new and higher