The Pacific commercial advertiser. [volume] (Honolulu, Hawaiian Islands) 1856-1888, 1857-07-23
PUBLISHED WEEKLY BYl
HENAAY NJ. WHITNEY.


dalism of the dark ages. The chiefs were nominally
dependent upon the king for the tenure of their
lands The common people were serfs, without rights
IN the soil, or in the productions of their hands
1t required much and long persuasion to induce the
king and chiefs to emancipae their people from serf
dom, and TO give them constitution with the right
OF set-goyernment After thirty years trial, 1T has
now become question whether amelioratons of the
old feuda systems would have been better adapted
to the wants of the Hawaiians than the substitution
of the free institutions of civilized States. An ilu-
sion of the day-on this meridian near, if past
Its culminaticn-seems to be undue estimate OF
the capabilities of humanity of every grade, of at
tanning, under modern nstrumentalities, to equal
degree of MATERIAL moral, and social elevation. As
means OF civilization, by some, and as the only
measure of human destiny and rule OF human duty
by others, the unqualified and universal application
of the American declaration, 90 all born free
and equal may have been too much insisted
And it is quite in keeping with the spirit of the age
of wonders, i'll which the vctaries of Mammon seek
the agency of steam and electric elements a
of comprising end III the shortest space of time;
that philanthropsts of the fast order each in his
way, should attempt, within the brief period allotted
TO single generation, that MATERIAL moral, and
political renovation of inferior races, which, amongst
nations distinguished above all others in point of
ural endowments, has been (under that same Provi-
dence to which they are wont to appeaD the work Of
many centuries
With this DEPRESSION, it is but just to the Hawaans
to state, that 1t is redeeming trait in their char
accf one winch tHehl IfOD 1nOSI
other barbarians, that under a sense of their own
weakness and desire. apparently, for Improvement,
they disposed be guided by the couuses of their
superiors. Accordingly, they have admitted the in
PRODUCTION into the several departments of govern
ment of due proportion of the white element, which
u.eIY 10 exert a healthy controlling influence 1t
is honofI5te1 lfte king, that the surrender of
his prerogatyes entirely voluntary, made with
out demand or solicitation Oh the part of his
people. In the language of the present chief ruler,
he gave, both of his preogatives and of his patri
mOny, till he had nothing left to give The civil
and penal codes of law copied, with mOdifi-
cations, from those of the United States. In the alb
of statutes, the law of gland is made
the rule. The judiciary is independent of both the
executive and legislative departments. The Hawai-
ian judiciary has acquired distinction for its able
and impartial administration of justice, which would
be honorable to that of any State i'll the American
Union.
1t has been found, however, no elSy matter to
frame liberal government and code of laws, adapted
at the same time TO the of civilized and semi
civilized communities dwelling together, alike distin
guished, the for its progressive, and the other
for its retrUgr:,de tendencies. Much, however, is due
to the naturally inOtfensiye natures and chd-lke
docility of the Hawaans and to their disposition to
be guided, that they have fallen into of those
excesses which so frequently exhibited by badly
ruled communities suddenly emerging from thraldom
to liberty. And when it is considered that the ma
tive population is fast wasting away TO be succeeded
by superior already in the ascendency, it may
be found that the transition of the Hawaiian king
has not been premature g Thus Providence shapes
ends, rough hew them we may.'
That the Hawaiian Islands are destined to become
the West Indies of the Pacifc'' garden of the
world, they have sometimes been callel savors
more of rhetorical flourish than of sober flct The
total of the eight inhabited islands is, according
to official accounts, 6,O90 square miles, 1897 500
acres-a trife less than that of the island of Jamaica
One-eighth of the entire area, in round numbers
500 600 acres it has been estimated is suitable for
tillage, and 1900, 900 suitable for pasturage. As
grazing country, the islands compare favoraby with
the best grazing countries in the world; and stock
growing has been for many years, favorte pursuit
both of natives and foreigners. The total amount of
stock was estimated, in 1851. follows:
Cattle, 4o, IO0 horses II ,700 sheep 10, 300 The
latter valuable chiefly for the carcass. The
nua increase of cattle is found to be 30 per cent.
the yearly consumption, about 5000 head; net an
nual increase, 1900. On the Island of Kauai the
average price of full-grown beeves (wid) is 50 per
head This island has become overstocked with cat
tie, and they being slaughtered for their
hides and tallow. The original stock of cattle and
horses was derived from the Spanish Main The
English Devons, Hereford, and Durham cattle,
and South Down sheep, amongst the improved
breeds recently introduced from the United States.
The adaptablty OF the soil and climate of the
islands TO the growth of the leading staples and of
many of the fruits of the tropics, has been success
fully tested. Many of the fruits, and most of the
esculent vegetables with the cereals, have been in
troduced from the temperate attudes, and thrive
WELL On the high table lands, fields of wheat may
be seen, growing side by side with those of sugar
cane, yielding, the former twenty bushels and the
latter, in cases. four thousand pounds per
Sugar, coffee, and tobacco are the Sy tropical sta
pies whose culture has yet bsse attempted with
view TO export the latsusSS1hg to want of skill in
the procsA ofsazSssee, not very successfully. The
growth Lss<eat has been prosecuted, with some sue
CO.. tfe high table lands of Maui, for the last
tsee years The annual crop is about &c, 900 bushels
steam four-mill was erected in Honolulu in 1854;
it has not been very productive property, but
sting restrictions upon interchange of island pro-
duce with that OF other countries will create neceS
sity for the growth of such articles may be
quired for home consumption, though produced
der the disadvantage of want of perfect adaptable
ty of soil and climate, the growth and manufacture
of -four may ultimately succeed. The cotton of the
islands is the product of perennial shrub, growing
Wild and producing two. three, four crops of balls
a year; samples, which have been exhibited at the
Southern States. Ha kiian coffee is believed to be
second to none (unlessN Nhe Mocha) in the world;
owing to the force of h ade winds, it be grown
only in sheltered locateN There two coffee es-
about $4,000. On HawafA Awhere the best coffee is
grown, there several esta in successful opera
ton, and others being commenc The pE1Pent an
nual produce is three or four Ag2dred Thousand
pounds, with the prospect of n yearf~sSv<ase.
The better quality of island sugar. (Sss-.s.he ex-
ception of New Orleans, to which it is scarcely
rior,) has the preference all other sugars
which find their way to the California markets OF
the SOC, 900 of tillage land $4,000 is
high estimate of the desirable for the culture
of cane; and if there be taken into account the alb
sence of roads through volcanic mountainous dis
tricts and the want of harbors accessible to sailing
vessels the total of sugar lands Immediately
available will exceed %, 900 Lands, which
viii not yield for series of years about ton per
acre, without manure, are not regarded as sugar
lands as their culture has not been found to be
The first sugar plantation established at Koloa,
Island of Kauai, in 1885. After investment of
some $4,000, the propretors failed, and the pro-
perty changed hands; present valuation 500, 900.
Il employs one hundred native and twenty Chinese
field aborers, and produces about two hundred tons
,f sugar per annum; with proper machinery it is
capable of yielding five hundred. On the same
island, at Lhue, plantation similar scale was
in 1850, with an invested capital of
S96, 900; unfortunately it located in district
exposed to droughts and has not yet been rumunera
The nrnnrietnrs haze had recnuIse within the