davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The weekly Ottumwa courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1857-1872, 1857-05-28

With regard to disease of the chest and
throat it is in the early stages Of the difficulty
that the great mischief is done; for while the
patient is thinking about the cure, and co~sid-
ering whether or not he is really sick enough
to need medicine, tabercles may be forming,
the lungs.
DR.. Halls Balsam is admirably adapted for
just such condition OF things as described
above.
For sale by w. F.. Elmondorf in Ottumwa,
and by agents in every town in the county. .
The weekly Ottumwa courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1857-1872, 1857-05-28

The CRY COUNCIL We took occasion to
look in upon the city fathers on Monday eve
ming; at the Mayors room, and were duly inn
pressed with the august and imposing presence
Of the body.
There were present on the occasion, His
Honor, Mayor Gaylord, Aldermen Abrahams,
Hawley, Bingham, Orr, Hammond and Graves,
and Recorder Devin and Marshall Newman.
The accounts of J. w. Ireland, late collec-
tor, were adjusted, and claim Of J. w. Dix
on audited and ordered to be paid
Ordinance No. A, relating to end regulating
the sale Of gunpowder, was passed. The re.
mainder OF the session was spent in discussing
Yerioas question in relation to powers and the
charter, especially the publication required to
give effect to the ordinances. Adjourned with
out coming to decision of this matter, to
meet en- Friday next at o'clock A. M.
The weekly Ottumwa courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1857-1872, 1857-05-28
Special Nettres.

ssIE PEACE PaEsARE ron WAR.n-In the
days Of our youth, il behooves US to make some
preparation for the approach Of age. How
many persons have become prematurely bald
BY neglecting to apply appropriate remedies
70 prevent tho hair from falling off! The use
win prevent tha hair from falling, impart to
It healthy growth, and even restore the bair
Of the bald. Thousands have testified to its
efficacy. 10 be had at ia Market street.
The weekly Ottumwa courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1857-1872, 1857-05-28

u The ball, given in honor Of the moor
poratlon Of the city Of Ottumwa, at the Cur
lew House, on Tuesday evening last, was
brilliant affair. The spacious hail was filled
p an early hour with the lovers of the dance.
Notwithstanding the inclement state OF the
weather Mayor Gaylord, together with nu-
merons members of the Council, were present.
and contributed much to the conviyiality of
the occasion. Altogether, it is conceded to
be one OF the most successful and entertain
ing parties ever given in Ottumwa. Too much
therefore, cannot be said in praise of the gen
aemanly managers who composed the differ
ent committees, for the elegance and taste
90 manifestly displayed on every hand. A mag
nifcent supper was provided by Messrs. Gil
son & Douglas. which, to be the more proner
ly appreciated by those who were not in al.
tendence, should have been partaken of by
them.
The weekly Ottumwa courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1857-1872, 1857-05-28

r SALE OF PROPERTY AND BANKING.
N. Baldwin disposed of his property, two
story frame, sable, AM one lot on the corner
OF Second and Green SITS the past week, to
fhe Messrs. Laswel & Son, Bankers, for
$4,000. The Banking House of this Firm is
opened In this building.
The weekly Ottumwa courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1857-1872, 1857-05-28

MAD DoG.-A rabid dog was killed by MIR
Neighbor, near his residence, in the upper pa
of the city, on Sunday last, in the last stages
OF hydrophoba. Great precaution should be
taken by the owners of dogs for fortnight
tScome, at least as it is probable that some
have been bitten.
The weekly Ottumwa courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1857-1872, 1857-05-28
New YoRK, May 81.

NEW YORK, May II.
The steamer Black Warrior, with Havana
dates to the 18th inst has arrived.
A report was current in Hsvana that SPAN
ISL steamer, hourly expected, would bring or
ders Tor the immediate commencement Of hos
filities against Mexico, to be opened by naval
attack upon Vera Cruz.
The sugar crop was nearly harvested and
Will tall short Of las. years about 20 per cent.
Prices have still an upward tendency. The
stock At Havana and Matanxas is 81 COO boxes
The weekly Ottumwa courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1857-1872, 1857-05-28

Qua STREETs.-The principal streets in
the city are being thoroughly cleared of the
ru bbish which has heretofore been allowed to
accumulate in various places, and now present
an entirely different aspect, which is sure
sign that our city authorities intend 10 do the
"clean thing"
The weekly Ottumwa courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1857-1872, 1857-05-28

MARxEr SrREEr FERRY The ferry Of
Mr.. Prosser is now IN operation from the foot
OF Market street, making regular trips ia good
time. The attention Of the travelling public
is called TO this fact.
The weekly Ottumwa courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1857-1872, 1857-05-28
LOOK to your TITLES.

TyINDING large number Of the Wapello Titles
~ defective, I have purchased d. @. Mitchell's abb
strsct Of the County Records and having complete
outline Of the titles Of all the Real Estate In the county
drawnup.
Sectional County Maps, Town Plats and Blanks Of
all kinds on hand that titles be examined and
property conveyed with little trouble and expense.
S-several valuable Farms and Town Lots for sale.
Feb. lS-n5l-tf JAMES d. DEvIN.
The weekly Ottumwa courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1857-1872, 1857-05-28

!, FOR SALE.
WVE following described lands situated in Jefferson
u and Wapsllo counties, Iowa:
JEFFERSON COUNTY.
Nwk of section 20, township 70, range 10.
EN- Of NV n. u, section 8, township Is, range IL.
wfr. of NV y. section 8, TOWNSHIP u, range IL.
NV FIR. Of SW II, section g, township u, range IL.
WAPELLO COUNTY.
s y of NE \, and N N Of Sc \, section !, township
70, range IL.
n. u Of NE u, and fr. Of NV X, section 1, town
ship 10, range ~.
NEfr. \ OF NE Il, section 2, township g. range 12.
8 y of NV u, and n Of Sw N, section 2, township
"a, range IL.
NV fr u Of NE \, section g township %, range ~.
For price, and full information, apply to JESSE 3.
STEWART, in person, or by letter, a. Washington,
Washington county, Iowa. lnoll6w
The weekly Ottumwa courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1857-1872, 1857-05-28
DIED

In Richmond, May 18th, Of Scarlet Fever, ALFRED
o. HICkENLO0PER, infant son of Charles and Mary
Hicken looper. Aged 10 months and 70 days.
The weekly Ottumwa courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1857-1872, 1857-05-28

a. great change in life is like cold
bath in winter-we all hesitate at the first
plunge.
The weekly Ottumwa courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1857-1872, 1857-05-28

BURDELL rRIAL.--Mrs. Cunningham has
been acquitted, and Eckel virtually discharg-
ed.
The weekly Ottumwa courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1857-1872, 1857-05-28
Diseases Of thieves.


II WILL offer for sale, the best Coal banx Villain
thirty mica Of OttumwA, with OF wtnous o1o ss.gs
OF choice land Within nine miles Of ottumwa, a. pr,
waite sale II not sold by The FIRST day OF june VII
San at public sale to the highest bidder on nberas
terms. Apply 10 tsplssl A. d. WOOD.
The weekly Ottumwa courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1857-1872, 1857-05-28
Te NV FRIENDS AND PATRONS.

Te MY FRIENDS AND PATRONS.
HAVING just brought on from Boston one Of "Nich-
IL OILS Patent Improved Soda Mineral Water
Apparatus" would be pleased TO have all who
choose young and old, ladies and gentlemen, stake
= smile" al my expense, on FRIDAY, Goth inst)
The following s from the distinguished Professor In
Harvard College,
CAMBRIDGE, August I, 1854.
have examined the apparatus devised by Doctor
Nichols for the production Of carbonic acid gas for So
da water. IL Ii most ingenious continuance for fur
nishing at will, in compact space and to great ex
tent the pures carbonic acid gas Its general intro
duction Into will insure to the public this fayorts
beverage Ia Its utmost perfection and purity, and
move the hazard Of partaking impure and Imperfect
~ manufactured carbonc acid water Aside from the
obvious intrinsic exceences OF the invention Doctor
Nichols well known ability chemist Is sufficient
guaranty of the trustworhness Of the invention he Of
fers for the public consideration.
e. N. HORSFORD, Harvard University.
~ The following Syrups always on hand for tn,
use Of the Fountain, or sale by the quart bottle viz
Strawberry, Raspberry, Checkerberry, Pine Apple
Lemon Ginger, Vanilla. and sarsaparia always resl
and reliable. Respectfully,
VIM j. ELMENDORT,
sotf Apo,hecaries Hall, Richards building
The weekly Ottumwa courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1857-1872, 1857-05-28
SORE EYES CURED.

nR. r. WALLACE respectfully informs those
- afflicted with diseased eyes, or dimness Of sight,
aud particularly such as are suffering from
INHALATION OF THE EYES,
that he prepared to give them relief and generally
to effect PERMANENT CURES.
rs He has had considerable experience in the
treatment of
Diseases Of the Eyes,
And in every instance the patient has been benefited
bv his practice and in many radical cures have
been effected. eg He may be consulted at MS reesa
nj ri X EShJJR(s. iowa. Feb. 5n49-tf.
The weekly Ottumwa courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1857-1872, 1857-05-28

STONE CUTTING.
WNHE subscriber would announce to the citizens Of
IL Otumwa and Wapello county, that he will be
able hereafter TO furnish good quality of Lime
Stone for caps, ss and other work for houses
cut ready for USE can be obtained anywhere In the
west, and at the lowest rates. Workmanship guaran-
teed to be as good as can be done in Keokuk st.
Louis. Persons from distance can be accommodated
with cut stone common for building stone.
0ttumwa, March 26-no15-ly Vim. MALONE.
Weekly Clarksville chronicle. [volume] (Clarksville, Tenn.) 185?-1857, 1857-08-28
In CHANCbRY AT CLARKSVlLLE

Patrick Wade VS.. w. II. Shumon, Andrew Ware
and Carksville, Louisville and Memphis R R. Co.
From the allegations in the bill and affidavit
taereto, 1t appears 10 the satisfaction of the Clerk
and Master that Andrew Ware, one of the defend
snts, Is nonresident OF the State of Tennessee
60 hat the ordinary process of law cannot be
served upon him. II is therefore ordered that pub
Iicaiion be made for four successive weeks in the
Clarksville Chronicle, newspaper published in
Clarksvie requiring said defen dant Ware TO APP
pear at the next term Of the Chancery court TO be
held at carksville, Tenn., on the Sd Monday OF
October neat, and plead answer or demur TO COM
painants bill, or the same will be taken for con-
iessed as to him and set for hearing exparte
T. ]. MUNFORD, c. & NJ.
Aun. Ia. ,51-5w-nr fec a -
Weekly Clarksville chronicle. [volume] (Clarksville, Tenn.) 185?-1857, 1857-08-28
IN cHANcERY AT GAINESVILLE,
CA. Rose VS.. ]. T. MarabIe ct ais.

...H u A. hose vs. j. 1 Mtaole CT ais
From the allegations in the bill filed n this
cause, and affidavit thereto, 1t appears 10 the sat
iislncton Of the Clerk and Muster, that the defend
ants j c Yarbrough and John w Claggett are
non-resiients OF the State Of Teunessee, so that
the ordinary process Of law cannot be served upon
them. t... .".
Itis therefore ordered that publication le made,
for 4 successive weeks, In the Clarksville Chron.
Gle, a newspaper published IN Clarksvllle, requ.
ring said defendants TO appear at the next tenn Cf
the Chancery court TO be held at sville, Ten.
on the Ord Monday OF October next, or the same
will be taken for confessed TO them aud set for
bearing exparte.
AuG. IA '5T-iw-pr fee 50 90
Weekly Clarksville chronicle. [volume] (Clarksville, Tenn.) 185?-1857, 1857-08-28
CHANCERY SALE.

Ross Morris VS.. the heirs Of Nathan Morris, Jr.
tnpursuar ce of an order made in this cause, at
the Aprileterm, 1857, Of the Chancery court at
Clarksyile, will sell, TO tho highest bidder, on
Monday the l4th day of Sentemher next, at the
court-honse in Clarksvile, the Tract of Land in
thu pleadings mentioned, which contains about
255 acres. This is good tract Of land, lying on
Cumberland river, in old district No, g, adjoining
the lands of Henry Horn and others, and is so q
for division, Ross Morris will show the land.
TERMs-l2 months credit, note with good sNeu-
rity and lien retained for the purchase money
TH0S, ]. MUNFORD, C. g. NJ.
Aup Ia '57-5w-Pr's fee Al so.
Weekly Clarksville chronicle. [volume] (Clarksville, Tenn.) 185?-1857, 1857-08-28
Land for Sale!

The subscriber offers 10 sell, at private sale his
beautiful and highly improved Tract of Land Of
EIGHT HUNDRED AND FIFTY ACRES,
in Montgomery County, Tenn, situated imme-
dately on the little west fork of Red river, about
6b miles from town OF Glarksville, and about a
mile of the turnpike load leading from said place
TO Hopkinsyle. This tract is beautifully stua-
ted lies for the most part level gradually undu-
lating, and is we'll adapted TO The culture OF the
different crops of the country, particularly OF
Wheat, and Is contiguous 10 six good FLOUR ng
Mills, IN The distance of from one t. four miles -
The land lies in the form of pI rallelogram. its
sides running North, South, Fast and West, ana
from its rectangular form, the proprietor has been
enabled, in the arrangement of all lots, fields, &c
to adopt the highly advantageous plan of having
all the divisions laid of, with little exception, In
parallel lines: adding greatly to the neatness and
success OF cropping. ..." ...#
The farm is hneJ arranged for
RAISING STOCK,
400 acres being cleared and under good stak ed and
ridered fence and the balance we'll timbered, hav-
ing in the central part of the plantation large
never failing pond. to which access is had from
nearly all the fields. The Improvement In re-
gard to buildings, are very good; the dwelling
fronts 81 feet two stories, with passage and six
rooms with fireplaces, besides bast ment rooms -
All other buildings are good and ample, such al
negro houses barns, stables, ice house. Tairy, anC
sheds for various kinds of stock, &c, There IL
well of never failing wat,r with pump severa
orchards of peaches aud apples, aud garden OF
an acre and half handsomely LAID oil into squares
aud side beds ernamsnted with flowers, shrubbery
sc. The subs ri ler confidently believes tina I hi
farm would please any scientific agriculturist, be
ing fully impressed with the advantages Of hi
high uad healthy location and the superiority o
his arrangement.
l,.-- JOSEPH NJ. FAUNTLEROY.
! l., a IL. ilad tnNo tu,,
good aud convenient farms ....
Aug Ia, l51-m
Hop Mercury copy ono month and forwart
account to mo at Ringgold, Tenn
Weekly Clarksville chronicle. [volume] (Clarksville, Tenn.) 185?-1857, 1857-08-28

81 curse the hour we were marriedl'
exclaimed an enraged husband to his bet
ter half To which she mildly replied:--
"Dou't, dear--that is the only happy hour
we have ever seem. n. 7i
Lord Byron observing one day to the
poet, Rogers, that punning was the lowest
species of wit, "Indeed," said Rogers, 'it
is the foundation" -'l ''"r k4a
"a There is woman in the Iunatic asylum
at New York who thinks that the Roman
Catholics are trying to build a cathedral
in her stomach.
The man who made an impression on
the heart of coquette, has taken out q
patent for stone-cutting.
The intercourse of friendship is a cor
dial for the heart 1t beguiles the hour
of grief; gently weans the thoughts from
the sel6shncss of sorrow, and gives the
mourner to feol that the earth il not q
wilderness. st..,..e .,. iref...Fa...
Rev DIR. Cheevor, in his address upon
the wrongs of Kansas, said that many
ministers in preaching upon slavery, acted
as if they we're stealing sheep instead Of
feeding them!' ID .'t'H
A negro slave called Ann TIL, died in
st, Louis a few days ago, at tho roPuted
age Of l3l years,
A slanderer of tho softer sex undertak,s
to prove that Satan was a woman whose
name was Lucy Fir. Htt
The most curious thing in the world Is
wcpnan no is not curious.
Weekly Clarksville chronicle. [volume] (Clarksville, Tenn.) 185?-1857, 1857-08-28
NOT'.TCE!

On the lst Monday in September, 1857, win
sell to the highest bidder, for cash, at tho court
house door in CT ,rksyille. the entire interest in a
house and lot in said city OF Clarksville, known
he lot OF Samuel Roberts, dec d, adjoining the
lots formerly owned by w. p. Gray, decd, on the
south, and G, A. DAVE, deed, on the north, and
fronting on the public souare-the interest Of l..
p. Roberts in the above. described lot. Sold to
satisfy a balance Of debt in favor Of Libley q
Clark, T. RAlMEY, Sheriff.
Aug. I, Slips fee 81 60
Weekly Clarksville chronicle. [volume] (Clarksville, Tenn.) 185?-1857, 1857-08-28

BUSINESS HABITs.-A gentleman ac-
customed to the signature of the firm in
which he was partner, having to sign a
baptismal register of one of his children,
entered it as the SON of Smith, Jones 4
Co.; and we read of another who had q
business memory, and who wrote in his
memorandom book one day--"Mem.; To
be married when get to town.
Weekly Clarksville chronicle. [volume] (Clarksville, Tenn.) 185?-1857, 1857-08-28

A farmer was speaking of the great
qualities and good education of his son,
to a neighbor--relating how many books
he had read through, how many schools
he had attended, &c. .- .go I.a. .,
Eyes" said the neighbor, che is like a
big calf I have, which sucks the milk from
three COWS, and find that the more milk
he gets the greater cslf,h is
Weekly Clarksville chronicle. [volume] (Clarksville, Tenn.) 185?-1857, 1857-08-28
Extra Flour-Best Brands.

| anu prepared 10 deliver, at short notice, Extra
Flour. Of various well known brands in lots o
from TO 600 barrels TO suit purchasers, at rea
sonable prices, II, o, KEEsEE
Brick building, on the Wharf
Weekly Clarksville chronicle. [volume] (Clarksville, Tenn.) 185?-1857, 1857-08-28

BY virtue of decrec rendered in the Chan.
cerv Court at nashville in the suit Of Ledbeuel
and Bostick VS. Jno. S, & c. D., Biien and 9th ers
will sell at public auctionon the Public Square
MONDAY, THE .14th SEPTEMBER
next-40 fine Mules, and some Wagons and Har-
ness aud on the t-' r.
FIRST DAY OF OCTOBER, ~
next, l will sell at Iron Mountain Furnace, in
Stewart County the said Furnace and Lands
about II 900 acres, with about l, 900 acres fine
bottom land, about 800 acres in cultivation. This
place could be made one of the finest Stock Farms
in Tennessee. 1t has an abundance of fine
mountain oak for tan bark. The land lies between
the Tennessee and Cumberland rivers, and ex-
TENDS 10 each river and has fine woodward privi-
Ieges and all the wood can be readily sold tc
steamboats,. In addition 10 these advantages II
has fine Furnace. with all tho necessary fixtures
about furnace
I will also sell at the same timc--Blscksmit
Tools, Carts, Wagons, Axes, &C., &.
The real estate to be sold on a credit Of /, 2
and 3 years latter small cash paymen D--and
the personal property on credit of or months
with notes in bank for all sums over $40 for
smaller sums cash will be required Two good
securities required on the notes, and liEn re-
tanned on the land till the purchase money il
paid. t....-5 -.
Aug. ID, ls57-tds
have two likely young nero men and val
luable woman, to sell privately. Call soon
T. W. w.
Nashville Union e. American, N shville Pat.
riot. and Louisville Journal, insert 80 days anC
file account with the Clerk & Master at Nash.
Weekly Clarksville chronicle. [volume] (Clarksville, Tenn.) 185?-1857, 1857-08-28
CLARKSYILLE, TENN, FRIDAY, AUGUST %. 1857.
LETTER FROM HON. L. M. KEITT.
To Hon. Il. III Kein.

Lb I'm i NUM- HUN, y, NJ. hEIII.
To Hon. Il. NJ Kein: -.....-.r
DEAR SIR; AT meeting of Estate
Rights Democrats" including a number
of your personal friends, the undersigned
were appointed committee to tender you
an invitation to sojourn with us, and par
take of Public Dinner, as a mark Of the
high appreciation we have of your distin-
guished talents, high toned political char
acter, and manly defence of Southern
Rights.
We have the honor to be, with high con
sideration,
Weekly Clarksville chronicle. [volume] (Clarksville, Tenn.) 185?-1857, 1857-08-28

TO wHIsKEY BUYERs.--I don't sell Whis-
key now, nor have sold any since the 18th Of
April last either on my own account of on con-
mission,
Aar '5@-~-
Weekly Clarksville chronicle. [volume] (Clarksville, Tenn.) 185?-1857, 1857-08-28
LOCATION

The location is healthy, in one Of the finest
neghborhoods in the State, distinguished for the
old fashioned sociablty and high moral tone OF
Is inhabitants, within eight miles of one fine
manufacturing flour mill, aud five of another -
Amy one wishing TO purchase permanent home
cannot do better than to look at th farm.
TERMS made known on day sale. - ..
July 3, '57 ids. JOHN K. SMITH.
Weekly Clarksville chronicle. [volume] (Clarksville, Tenn.) 185?-1857, 1857-08-28
IMPROVEMENTS.

The dwelling house is an ordinary one, with four
rooms and middle passage. In the yard, (Which
Is full Of fine native forest trees, is an excellent
and never failing well, out houses, all good, par
iisularly the tobacco barns, in number, one a
fnes shed barn, capable of holding 90 hogsheads of
Weekly Clarksville chronicle. [volume] (Clarksville, Tenn.) 185?-1857, 1857-08-28
5 0 2 A G. R e S
Christian County Farm For Sale,

viii on Saturday the 9Th day Of September
next, on the premises, offer fer sale at public auc-
tion, my Farm, IN Christian county, KY, (oue
mile south west from Gnrrettsburg, one mile mort h
westfrom Noah Spring, 3 miles east of Lafayette,
Is mites south OF Hop kinsville, and is miles from
Clarksvie, Tenn. } heretofore known as the
....s ..T GHOLS0N PLACE. .r.s5a
Containing SOAK acres of such uniform fer
tty as to produce 10 hundred pounds of tobac-
co, from 25 to 80 bushels of wheat, and from ten
to twelve barrels of corn 10 the acre Just undu-
lating enough 10 drain itself, its depth of col rem
ders its fertilizing qualities perfectly inexhaust-
Bile. Two huadred and fifty acres Of this land is
cleared and under fne fence, the rest is well
n,nharsd
New Orleans daily crescent. [volume] ([New Orleans, La.]) 1851-1866, 1857-02-27
We quote the concluding paragraphs of the article
to which we have thus hastily adverted
Business,

WE'LL what of business? Some New York editors
think New Orleans folks were in extacies at the
breaking up of the ce-the rise in the water of the
Mississippi, and the resumption of intercourse with
the great West; but more than all this, they COM
plain Of few hundred thousands of coin taken out
OF Wall street to pay for part of the vast sums of
exchange which have been made here this season.
There are about twenty-five millions more Of bills to
be made within the next sixty days, but as it will
not pay to bring gold hither, we shall be content to
move on ander the general laws of paper bank notes
and credit,
Business continues lively; yea, very brisk on the
levee and landings-never more so, Though we do
miss the usual large receipts Eat this season of the
Year, of sugar and moasses, still there is hone eX-
tant that the coming season will in part make up for
the deficiency of the last 1t is useless for those old
curmudgeons and pseudo friends of our goa head city
to exclam about depression in real estate high taxes
and this and that and the other supposed depressing
feature. Our city is bound TO advance if the Legsa.
ture will but let il alone There are more private
dwellings in the course of erection than We have
| known for many years at this season, and what we
require is two additional first class build
ings for hotels to accommodate the many thousands
of visitors who increasing every We have
1 many fine churches, and We have some first class
hotels, though late writer from this city speaks
very highly of the climate and a visit ne made tt
! the Battle Ground below the city, but thinks the st
Charles Hotel will not compare in point Of comfort
living aud other appendages, with the hotels OF
Chicago Ill. Now we have no more to say We
give it up. We will consult our friend from Paris Oh
this momentous subject,