davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Belmont chronicle. [volume] (St. Clairsville, Ohio) 1855-1973, 1857-01-22

to give all the signals little sooner or la
ter, whenever he deems it advisable, or tenn
porarily to disconnect it altogether and
or stop the whistle by the ordinary means.
The invention is perfectly practicable one
throughout, and appears to be great step
toward perfecting the railroad system. If
the ghosts of the scores, or perhaps the hun
dreds, annually killed at the crossings in
this country-a number of which has al
most induced law compelling railroads 10
carry all roads either over or under their liEes
could step forward or urge the sdoption of
device of this kind, it would not be long in
finding place upon every locomotive in the
Union. 1t can be applied to old nearly as
well as new machines, and the money an
nuaiy saved to companies. first. by avoid g
many of the accidents Of this class, and. sec
ond, by being able TO prove that loud ard
loug signal was certainly made at the prop
er time as warning to the careless country
man, would probably be sufficient to pay the
expense in short period of time
Belmont chronicle. [volume] (St. Clairsville, Ohio) 1855-1973, 1857-01-22
From Kansas.

The following extract shows the result of
the trial of the Klbourns, who lived formerly
in Chillicuthe in this State. The cores
pondent OF the National Era relates how it
came about that the Grand Jury were dis
charged. Writing under date of December
10th, he says:
The whole grand jury, with one or two
exceptions, was rank Fro Slavery, and, of
course, went in heavily for the Indictment
of every Free State man in the district, who
had even been seen Nth firearms about
him. This the small minority found it i'm
possible to resist. They yielded, and, to
try their honesty and impartially, demanded
an investigation into a robbery affair in the
Southern part of the Territory. They
squrmed not little, but finally consented
to summon few witnesses, for examina-
ton concerning the affair. But the first
pitness implicated all the grand jurynsen but
four. What did that honorable body at
this! Their action was very simple one
they Immediately arose, and informed the
court that they had no further prisoners be-
fore them. They were discharged of course.
Judge Cato, undoubtedly, being aware of
the difficulty they had got in.
The Supreme Court sat but two days.
The applications for new trials were con-
sidered and refused, as had supposed would
be the case after Lecompte and Cato saw
they could not bring Free State men here
for manfulIy defending their rights. b
After the adjournment OF the Supreme
Iourt, Cato returned, and held a session of
two days. In chat time, he examined the
prisoners lately brought up from Ossawst-
ome. Samuel and William Kilbourn were
discharged. Henry Kilbourn, lad of about
Belmont chronicle. [volume] (St. Clairsville, Ohio) 1855-1973, 1857-01-22
Automatic Whistle for Locomotives.

Mr.. James Harrison, Of this city, has put
in successful use device for whistllng au-
tomatieally at every 2ont required for any
given railroad We have "a habit of rising
on the locomotive whenever practicable, and
of observing with some attention the opera
tious of different individuals in managing
these delicate, complicated, and intensely
powerful monsters. Ringing the bell or
whjstling with undertaking certainty at just
the proper distance before reaching each
crossing we know to be one pf the most dli-
ticult duties, and one which the performance
of the machine referred to, the "Fordhum,"
ON the Harlem Railroad, has proved 10 belong
To that great class which can be performed
better by mechanism than by hand. The
manner ir which all the details OF Mr.. Har-
rison's invention are arranged SO as to over
come the practical difficulties rnd provide
for all possible contingencies, can hardly be
too much admired. The lIotion is derived
from one of the shafts of the track. A strong
worm or endless screw thereon gives slow
revolution 10 a stout wheel into which 1t
meshes, and the motion of this is carried up
to the Top of the boiler by the aid OF shalt
with universal joints and a strong sleeve
coupling, SO as to allow Tor the bounding
and the working of the engine 1t here re-
suits 10 wing very slow rotation to large
screw, in the rectangular threads of which
wedge shaped stops or small cams are in
ser,ed so as 10 ACT on lever and sound the
,,b;s,le st n corresponding point in the track
The track wheels never are tem2ted, like
the driving wheels, to slip or the track, and
beinp made of hard iron, chilled on the Tread,
n ever sensi5ly change their diameter BY use'
so that the motion of the screw, if correctly
arranged at first, never changes its relation
70 the length Of road until the wheels are
changed; but provision is made for adapting
the parts to a change at any time with III
lie trouble, and the engineer has always
w;,bin reach q small handle which allows
him TO set the screw forward or back, SO as
Belmont chronicle. [volume] (St. Clairsville, Ohio) 1855-1973, 1857-01-22
The Ohio Penitentiary sting
DeyelOpmen S.

The Annual Report Of the Directors and
Warden Of the Ohio PenitentiaIy, has been
made public. The present Board is COM
posed of L. G. Van SIyke and A. p. Stone,
of Columbus, Cyrus Sphinx Of Wayne CO., j.
D Morris, of Clermort, and l.. w. Babbit,
of Fairfield. A synopsis of THAR report is
given in the Slate Journal, from which we
CLEAN the following interesting particulars
At the first meeting of the Board they made
thorough examination of all the depart
ments OF the prison, and took an inventory
of the property belonging to the State, which
they found there.
They say "we found many of the build
ings in dlapidated and ruinous condition,
dangerously exposed to conflagraton the
clothing and bedding nearly worn out, and
not in the most cleanly condition: the cells
infested with bed bugs and feas, the stoves
and heating apparatus broken up, the fire en-
CINE useless for want Of repairing, and the
hose belonging to it not fit for use." A con-
siderable portion of the supplies laid in for
wood, had spoiled FOR want Of proper atten.
ton.
They found, from an examination of the
books, and from other sources, that there
was quite a large amount of claims due the
institution, some OF which might be recov-
cred, bu: large portion worthless.
The reports which have been made here
tofore, that the institution was a source Of
of revenue to the State, were simply false
The prison has always been an expense, and
never q source of revenue.
The repor, of last year made by the old
Directors, stated that the Institution was
free from debt, which was deception prac-
ticed upon the Governor and the people, as
the present Board say, 9Th s statement, in
our opinion, should have been qualified with
the expl ,nation that the indebtedness to in.
dividuals had been paid By ousr drafts on the
Treasury, exceeding thirty thousand dollars
,ohat the Legislature Of last ninler made an
appropriation to pay"
This Report gives the following state
Belmont chronicle. [volume] (St. Clairsville, Ohio) 1855-1973, 1857-01-22
Discoveries in Africa.

The discoveries OF DR.. Livingston in At.
rica are considered OF great commercial
value. lie lived with tribe oi Bechanas
for eight years, and. in cooperation with
MIR. Oswald. discovered Lake Ngami. He
traced by himself the course Of the great
rives Zsmhesi, in Eastern Africa, and ex.
tending two thousand miles. .-
This immense stream,whose discovery is
the great fruit of the journey, is in itself an
enigma without parallel. But a small por-
ton OF its waters reach the seucost. Like
the Abyssinian Nile. it falls through a ba-
saltic cleft, near the middle of its course
which reduces its breath from 900 to 20
YARDS. Above these falls it spreads out
periodically into great sea, filling hun
dreds of lateral channels; below it Is a
-anquil stream of totally different charac
Belmont chronicle. [volume] (St. Clairsville, Ohio) 1855-1973, 1857-01-22
Case of bred Scott.

Dred Scott vas Missouri slave the pro-
perty of Surgeon Edmonson, of the United
States Army. He was taken by Edmonson
to Rock Island in Illinois. and there remain
ed for three years. Thence he was taken
by his master to Fort Smelling in Minne-
sofa, and there remained for considerable
time. AT Fort Smelling Dred met with a
slave girl belonging to All officer, married
her and had two children, ono OF whom was
born in free territory (Eorih oi The Com
proimse lne) and The other in Missouri
Dred on being removed into Missouri, and
understanding that his residence in free,
territory made him free, brought suit for
his freedom, and of course got a decision
adverse to his claim. lie was aiIerward
transferred to John f e. Sanforn, OF New
York, who, in order to settle the law in ali
such cases, had the suit appealed and
brought before the Supreme Court at Wash
ington. IL is "South side" movement, and
the object is To get decision which shall
destroy the present law of freedom by which
a master voluntarily carrying bis slave INTO
a free State, sets him free. 1t is a made up
case--s political contrved plan, for getting
the influence of the Supreme Court OF the
United States to aid the Democratic claims
for Il benefit Of slavery.
LIST. That the owner of human beings
can lawfully sojourn with them in a tree
State, and maintain his claim to them as
his "chattels," the Law of that State or the
Law oil Nations to the contrary notwiIh-
standing.
I'd. That men Of color. through gifted and
intelligent, are not "citizens" olthe United
States.
Sd. That the Equality of the States
requires that properly is slaves should be
as fully recogized aud protected in all the
States of the Union, as properly in horses
is recognized and protected in all the States
of the Union.
4th. That .he constitutions of the free
States prohibiting slavery are "penal s,atu-
tes," which neither tke courts Of the slave
States, or OF the United States, are bound
to enforce, or bound to resard.-Toledol
Blade.
Belmont chronicle. [volume] (St. Clairsville, Ohio) 1855-1973, 1857-01-22

fourteen years Of age, was charged with
robbery. He arose in court, and boldly made
an explanation Of the whole affair. Two
years ago he came to Kansas, in company
with his father and two brothers.
/ From the time they settled on the Usage
they and the other Free State settlers were
marked for targets for .he rifles of the Ms
souri, robbers and invaders. Their homes
were burned, their cattle and other property
all taken away, and themselves driven to
the woods and caves along the Usage, for
safety.
Henry, after few days, crept from his
hiding place, aud with some friends, fol-
lowed some of the party back to Missouri
They were unable to recover their own
property, but they knew the men who had
aided to destroy and drive it off. They
watched the movements of the robbers, and
the first Time they found them across the
State line, went quietly to them, and took
enough property from them 10 compensate
them for their losses. All this the boy ad
fnitt<d. and told taem to do ibsir worst
The Judge Immediately sentenced him to
twelve months confinement in the county
jaii. .a-
Belmont chronicle. [volume] (St. Clairsville, Ohio) 1855-1973, 1857-01-22

ALTERED AND COUNrKRREIT c NorEs
From the last number of Padock's Uni
ted states Bank Mirror, we clip the folio
wing interesting summary:
IS on the U MON Bank, Frenchtown, N
j.; two circular dies in the centre of the
IS on shield in each upper coreer-- por
rait of Pierce on the right, female head on
the left.
los On the Union Bank, Frenchtown, N
J.-Large circular die in the centre of the
note, having the word TEN DOLLALS a
across ito in each upper corner; Wrsh-
ington on the left, Franklin on the right
a dangerous affair.
5s on the Southern Bank, IlIinoise, alter
ed from Is. Wig, shearing sheep.
los on the Farmers Bpnk of Attica, New
York, altered from Is. are said to be in
circutioE-
IS on the Jackson Bank, Providence,
Rhode Island. Vg., large portrait of Gen.
Jackson.
los on the Woodbury. Bank, Ct, altered
from Is. Wig, two females, pole, cap, &C.;
female feeding an eagle on left end; In
dian squaw on right end.
IS on the Albany Bank, New York CITY,
altered from Is. Vignette, spread eagle and
shipping.
los on the State Bank Hartford, Connect
cut. altered. Wig, view of colleges, female
and grain on the right, female and pedestal
on the left.
los on the Rhode Island Exchange Bank,
East Greenwich, R. l., altered from small
notes. Vig., two females. ship, and locomo-
tive; train of ears on the right, girl and ma
chinery on the left.
IS on the Southwark Bank, Philadelphia.
Wig, two females seated in figure 5; lus-
tice with scales on the right; Indian with
bow and arrow on the left, imitation Of the
genuine.
sos on the Freehold Banking Company,
N. j., altered. Two females and two tly-
ing cupids on the upper left corner male
portrait underneath; two oval dies and
m'le portrait on the right. . ...
2Os on the Cenal Bank, La. Wig, three
females sitting; goddess of liberty on the
right; steamship, two mermaids, and 20 on
the left
Belmont chronicle. [volume] (St. Clairsville, Ohio) 1855-1973, 1857-01-22
New Law-Prepayment on all
Transient Printed Matter Com

pulsory.
We publish, for the benefit of whom it
may concern, the following regulations,
made by the Postmaster General. in order
to carry out the provisions of the act recent
ly passed, requiring prepayment of postage
on all transient printed matter, viz:
/. Books, no. weighing over four pounds,
may be sent in the mail prepaid by postage
stamps, at one cent an ounce any dis
tance in the United States under three
thousand miles provided they are put up
without cover or wrapper, or in cover or
wrapper open at the ends or sides, SO that
their character may be determined without
removing the wrapper.
2. Unsealed circulars, advertis ements
buslneas cards, transient newspapers, and
and every uther article of transient printed
matter, except books, not weighing over
three ounces, sent in the mail 10 any part of
the United States, are chargeable with one
cent postage each, to be prepaid by postage
stamps. Where more than one circular is
printed on a sheet, or a circular and
letter, each must be charged with a single
rate. This applies to lottery and other
kindred sheets assuming the form and name
of newspapers; and the miscellaneous mat
ter in such sheets must also be charged with
one rate. A business card on an unsealed
envelope of circular subjects the entire
packet to ,etter postage. Any transient
matter, like circular or handbil, enclosed
in or with periodical or newspaper sent to
a subscriber, or to any other person, sub
jects the whole package to letter postage;
and whenever subjec, to letter postage, from
being sealed or from any cause whatever, all
Belmont chronicle. [volume] (St. Clairsville, Ohio) 1855-1973, 1857-01-22
How to Make Boy Vice PRESIDENT.

"Tom MARSHALL has been edifying the
Kentucky Supreme Court with one of his
happiest "hits" 1t was in case, on which
The Vice President elect, Mr.. Breckenridge,
and Garrit Davis, of Kentucky, were oppos-
ing counsel. Mr.. Marshall's clients son,
had been fogged by gentleman Tor tres
pessing on his fsh-pond. Major Breckin-
ridge contended that the correction was
wholesome ard proper one, such as he had
beer subjected to in his juvenile days, when
caught in any mischief. Tum Marshall, in
reply, said that both gentlemen had endear-
ored to magnify him into great man
Ken,ucky's greatest lawyer and orator: and
both in their political speeches, were in the
habit of expressing great confidence in the
sagacity and Intelligence OF the people
Now, he wished TO be informed how 1t vas
that. with such great superiority of natural
genius and requirements, and with The uc-
ditional advantage of wears over at least
one of his adversaries, he remained PLAIN
Tom Marshall, hammering miserable ex-
islence out of few law suits at the bar =
"while yoL," pointing to his opponent John
C. Breckinridge, "who were but tow-head-
ed, shaver, robbng birds nests and playing
marbles, when The whole broad Common
wealth of Kentucky was ringing from one
end to the other with praises OF the great
eloquence, vast learning and Prodigious abii-
ity of Tom Marshall, are now Wee Presi-
dent OF the United States? and you, Garrlt
Davis, wanted 10 be, and almost persuaded
some very weak minded people to make you
President of the United States Now
proceeded Tom, sour Vice President says
he used TO be aogged in his boyish days Tor
Just such tricks as my clients Sun was fog
ged for, and he leaves US to inter, that so tar
from suffering any damage thereby, it was
one OF the causes of his progress and ad-
yancement TO his present high position. If
INV client had only known this before, and
if he could be satisfied that his son was
spanked on the same spot that my dlstln-
quished friend was, SO far from bringing this
suit, he would have acknowledged his pro
found gratitude 10 the defendant for thus Pla-
cling his scion in the line of sale precedents,
and giving him so strong claim to the wee
Presidency. Doubtless the political misfor-
tunes and disasters of my other distinguish
ed friend are attributable to the fact that, as
his spanking was neglected in boyhood, he
has to make up for it, BY receiving nothing
but political spanks ever since he reached
manhood"
These palpable hits excited much laugh
ter among the lawyers and judges, in which
the two dis stinguished objects o: Toms rail-
lery participated.
Belmont chronicle. [volume] (St. Clairsville, Ohio) 1855-1973, 1857-01-22
WHOLE NO 961

ter; its mouths seem to be closing. The
southernmost was navigable when the Por.
tuguese first arrived in the country, three
hundred years ago, but it has long since
ceased to De practicable. The Quillinane
mouth has of late years been impossible.
even for canoe. from July to February
and for two to three hundred miles up the
river navigation is never attempted in the
dry season. And in this very month Of
July, when the lower portion of the river.
after its April freshets, has sunk to a mere
driblet, above the ia lis the river spreads out
like ssa over hundreds Of square miles,
This, with frequent cataract and the hos
Utility of the natives, would seem to be an
effectual bar TO the high hopes of fat trade
in which England merchants and journals
are now indulging.
During this unprecedented March, alone
and amvng savages, to whom a white face
was a miracle, DR.. Livingstone was com.
PEELED to struggle through indescribab.e
hardships. The hostility of the natives he
conquered by his intimate knowiedse of
their character and the Bechurna tongue,
to which theirs is related. MANY of his
documents were lost while crossing a river,
in which he came near losing his life also:
but he has Memoranda of the latitudes and
longitude of multitude of cities, towns,
rivers, and mountains, which will 90 far to
fill up tue unknown regions" in our aliases
Toward the interior he found the country
more fertile and more populous. The na-
tives worshipping idols, believed in trans
migrated existence after death, and perform
ed religious ceremonies in groves and woods
They we're less ferocious and suspi cious
than the sea-board tribes, had a tradition of
the deluge and more settled governments
Some of them practiced incubation and
used quinire, and all were eager for trade,
being entirely dependent on English calico
for clothing, small piece Of which would
purchase a slave. Their language was
sweet and expressive. Although their wo-
men, on the whole, were not well treated
a man having as many wives as he chose.
they were complete mistresses of their own
houses and gardens, which the husband
dared not enter in his wife's absence
They were fond of show and glitter, and
$50 had been given for an English rife
On the arid plateau of the interior water
melons supplied the place of water for some
months of The year. as they do ON the plains
of Hungary in summer. A Quaker tribe on
The river Zdnga never fight, never have
scro:ula, hydrophobia, cholera,
smallpox, or measels. These advantages,
however, are counterbalanced BY the neces-
sity of assiduous devotion to trad. aud rails
ing children to make good their loss from
the frequent inroads of their fighting nei gh-
bors .-....
Belmont chronicle. [volume] (St. Clairsville, Ohio) 1855-1973, 1857-01-22
Pursuit Of knowledge under Diff
-r entities

The following is a most remarkable and
praiseworthy instance of what perseverance
and industry, if rightly directed, are able to
effect Among the graduating class at the
last commencement, at Williams College,
was one by the name of Condit, from Jersey.
The gentleman is a shoemaker, married, and
has family of four children. Six years ago,
becoming sensible Of tn, blessings of an ed
ucat:on he commenced learning the simple
branches, such as are taught in our primary
schools. One by one, as he sat on his shoe
makers bench, he mastered grammar, arith-
metic. geography, &C., with some OCCASION
al aid from his fellow workmen. At this
time he determined to obtain collegiate
education. Without means and with large
family depending on him for support, he
commenced and learned Latin and Greek, in
the evenings after his days labor was over,
under the direction of friend, and after the
lapse of year and half. prepared himself,
and entered the sophomore c.ass at Will
liams' College.
He brought his bench, tools and books
with him. The students supplied him with
work; the faculty assisted him and with
the fund for INDECENT students and some oc-
casional assistance from other sources, he
was enabled to 60 through the college course,
and at the same time support his family
He graduated on his birth dBy aged thirty
two He stood high in his class, and re-
ceivej part at CON mencement, but declin-
ed. At the farewell meeting of the class,
in consideration of his perseverance, talents,
and Christian character, they presented him
with an elegant set of silver spoons, tea and
table, each handsomely engraved with an
appropriate inscription.
Mr.. Condit will now enter the theologi-
cal seminary at New York, and will, no
Doubt, make faithful and popular minister.
What young man in this country will ever
after such an example as this, despair of
obtaining an education !-SprinQfeld Rep.
Belmont chronicle. [volume] (St. Clairsville, Ohio) 1855-1973, 1857-01-22
The Fugitive.

A noble man of sable brow
Came TO my humble cottage door.
Win feeb'e. humbling steps, and slow,
And asked if could feed The poor
He begged i'll had aught to give,
To aid the painting Fugitive
told him he had fed away.
From his kind master, friends, and home;
That be was black-a slave astray.
And should return as he had come;
That would to his master give,
The straying, villain Fugitive,
He fell uponfhis trembling knee,
And said he was my brother man-n
That was bound TO get him free,
According to the Gospel plan;
And i'll would Gods grace receive,
i must relieve the Fugiuve. -
He showed the stripes his master gave,
The fostering wound, the slghtless eye,
The common badges Of the slave,
And said he would be free or die.
He begged i'll had nought to give
1 would not stop the Fugitive
He said his was sable skin,
That which his Maker first had given;
But mine would be q darker sin,
That would exclude my soul from Heaven;
For would Gods grace receive,
/ must relieve the Fugitive. r-.
Ibowed, and took the stranger in,
Aud gave him meat, and drink, and rest.
/ hope that God forgave my sin,
And made me with that brother blest;
am resolved, long as live,
To aid the painting Fugitive.