Daily Iowa State Democrat. [volume] (Davenport, Iowa) 1856-1859, 1857-12-12

s,rucsion win not be great and they will require but
. comparatively small expenditure to keeptbe" "
commission In time Of peace they viii prove %
effective ~ much larger vessels and often more use
full. One Of them should be Mt every station whef'
we maintain squadron, and three or Tour snyn a.
constantly employed our Atlantic and Fac nc
coasts Economy, utility and sficiency commune I,
recommend theta almost indispensabie len OF
these small ve.s.s would be OF ipealculsbe adyan
tage the naval service and the whole cost o. Their
construction would not exceed two million three
hundred thousand dollars or go 600 each
Dspartmens Of the Interior.
The Report Of the Secretary u the Interior 10
worthy Of grave Confederation Ii treats OF the nu
merous important, and diversihed branches 81 sd
mintstrat on intrusted 10 him by Law Among these
the prominent are the public lands and our re
iatiois with the Indians
PrILIc LAsDs
Our system for the al sposal u the public lands
originating with the fathers OF the repubc has been
improved experience pointed the way and gradu
aly sd.pted u the growth aad settlement Of our
western states and Terriiorte- IL has worked well
| la practice Already thirteen States and seven Ter,
rtore. have bssn carved out Of these lands and st
more than a thousand millions OF acres remain IN
sold What boundless prospect the presents to
our country Of future prosperity ana poW.t
We have heretofore disposed OF Soj ss2 &oS aeres
Of the public land
Whist the public lands a source Of revenue srs
OF great imp oriance their i'm lance 10 far greater
furnishing homes for a hardy and independent
Of honest aud industrious citizens, who desir
To subdue and cultivate the soil They ought 10 be
wise and benevolent policy, In appropnAtins them
for any other pur pose ought 10 use even greater
economy than If they had been converted INTO money
and the proceed were ALREADY III the Pu nc treasury
To s4uander away the richest aud noblest Inner
lance which any people have ever ENJOY ed upon pb
iects Of doubtful con.titutionality or expedeDcy
would be to yiose one II the most i'm porant trust
ever committed 10 any people Whilst DO not deny
to Congress the power, when acting bona noe asa
proprietor, to give away portions OF them for The
purpose ~ Increasing the value Of the remainder
yet considering tho great temptation TO abuse hls
power, cannot be too cautious In sts exercise
Actual settler. under ex sting avs are protected
against other purchasers at their pubic sales IN
their right Of pre- emption TO the extent OF quar-
ter section or 100 acres VI land The remainder
may then be spo-- OF al public sac or entered al
private -ale ia unlimited quantities
Speculation has Of late years prevailed TO great
extent In the public iauGs The consequence has
seen that large quantities Of them have become the
property Of indiv dual. ard companies, and thus hs
price greatly enhanced u those who desire 10 pur
chase for actual settlement Ia order TO limit the
of speculation as much as possible, the extinc
ton Of the Indian title aud the xAtensivn Of the
public surveys ought only to keep pee with the tide
Of emigration
If Congress should hereafter grant alternate sec.
tiou- state companies, IS they hive done here
tofore recommend that the intermediate sections
retained by the governnen, should be subject 10
emption by actual retllerr.
Ii ought ever to Toe cardinal ,olicy TO reserye
the public lands much may befOr actual settle
and this at moderate prices We shall thus onl,
best promote the prosperity Of the new states ana
Terrtorie-, and the power of the Union, but shall
INDIAN AFFAIRS
The extension of our limits has brought within
Iurisdct0n many additional and populous trb er
Of indians "A large proportion of which wild In
traciabe and aim cult 20 control Preparatory AID
Ike In their disposition and habits II is bic
altogether to Restrain them from committing aggres
sion- each other well AZ upon the frontier cit
and ho-c cmig rating 10 our distant States and
Territories. Hence expensive military expedition.
frequently necessary to overawe aud chasise ia,
more awle-- and hostile.
sn's 10 Influence them to remain at peace has proven
Intellectual l. II believed Ia be the better policy tC
coonrze them IN sustable localities. whore they
receive tho rudiments of education, and be gradually
induced 10 adopt habits Of industry. so far rs The
| experiment has been tried it haze worked well IL
practice aud 1t viii doubtless prove TO be lees
pen-iye than the present system.
The whole number Of Indians within our terrific
rial limits is believed to BIO from the best data in thu
Interior department about go 900
The tribes Of Chcrokec-, Choctaw-, Chichasaws
aud Creeks settled in the territory apart for then
west VI Arkansas, are rapidly advancing in eduea
ton aud ia All the arts OF civilization and self govern
ncnt and may indu ge the agreeable antic patti Oh
that no very distant day they will be incorporated
| into the | nion az one OF the Sovereign States.
POST OFFICES AND POST ROADS
1t will be seen by the report of the Postms-td
| General that the Post Office Department sti con
tinues Ia depend III the treasury, IL has been
PEELED To do for several years past for imporiaH
portion of the means Of sustaining and extending 1t
| operations. Their rapid growth and expansion ar
shown by decenia statement of the number OF po-
offices, aud the length OF post roads, commencii,
with the year 1927. Ia that year there were 100
post cfices in 1851 IL III in Sl7 L. l56 and in ls5
there number o5s6 la this year, 13a post office
have been est bshed and 104 discontinued, leavin.
| a net increase Of OIL The postmasters of %
| Offices apponte by The President.
The length Of post roads in 1927 los $50 miles
in 1887 la 2i2 mile IN ls4 l5$,sls miles; and il
the year 1887 there 2a2 COL miles Of post road In
cuaing - 539 miles Of railroad which the mail
are transported
| The expenditures of the department for tho h-ca
he a. sfri nv
Auditor amounted to ell 5o7, 80 To defray thc-
expenditures there was Is the credit Of the Depart
msLt the l-t of July, 1853, the sum of s7s9 599
the gross revenue OF the year including tho annua
| allowances for tho transportation Of FREE mail mat
ter produced ~ Oo3 s5l and the remainder was sup
piled by the Appropriation from the treasury Of 50
| $50 900 granted by the act of Congress approved
August 1906, and by the appropriation of 5000 IS
made by The &C. Of March 3 1851 leaving $780, 76S L
be bs led TO the credit If the department In tin
| accounts Of the current year. l commend to you
| consderat on the report OF he over and mail rout
| from the Mississippi river 10 san Francisco, Cal
foinia. The route sc ec ed with my full concur
renee, ne one in my judgment, beat calculated t.
| attain the important objects contemplated by Con
| grsss
| PUBLIc rxPESpITuRss
| The late disastrous monetary revulsion may hay
one good effect should it cause both the gossrnmeI
and the people to return to the practice 81 wise
judlcas economy both in public aud private expend
lures.
| An overfowing treasury has led to habits of pre-
digaty and extravigance in our legislation. 1t ha
| induced Congress to make large appropriations
objects for which they would have provide
had ii been necessary raise the amount Of revt
nue. required 10 meet them by an increased taxatio
| or by .oans We now compelled to pause In on
career and to scrutnize our expenditures with til
| utmost vigilance. and in performing this duty,
pledge my ooperatiod 10 the extent OF my consit,
| tonal competency.
1t ought 10 be observed at the same time that tru
public economy does not consist in Withholding tn
| means necessary To accomplish important Hation
objects intrusted TO by the constitution and esp
cially such may be necessary for tho common d
| il 4 n
duty TO conine our appropriations 10 objects Of III
| character, unless in cases weere justice to indvd
| AIS may demand different course la all cases
| ought TO be taken that the money granted by Col
gress shall be faithfully and economically applied
TINS REQUIRED FOR ExAMISATIoS OF BILLS.
| Under the Federal Constitution, g every bill whic
shall have passed the House of Representatives III
the Senate shall before ii becomes a law be appro
ed and signed by the Pre.ident G and, if not a
proved, he shall return il with his objections
that house in which 1t originated In order to pc
form this high and responsible duty, sufficient tin
must be allowed the President to read and examir
| every bill presented 10 him for approval Cnle
this be afforded the Constitution becomes a dead lie
| ter in this particular, and even worse, it becomes
means of deception. Our constituents, seeing Il
| Presidents approval and signature attached ea(
act of Congress, are induced In believe that he hi
actually performed his duty, when, III truth nothir
| IL, in many cases. more unfounded
From the practice Of Congress such an examin
| ton of each bill rs the constitution requires, b.
. | been rendered impossible The most important b
siness of each session Is generally crowded into
last hours and the alternative presented to the Pre-
ident is either to violate the constitutional du
which he gives to the people, and approve bill
| which for wait of time,,it is impossible he shou
. have examined or, by his refusal to do this subs
the country aud individuals to great loss and inco
| venience
} Besides, practice has grown up of late years
egisatc in appropriation bills AT the last hours
the session, on new and important subjects III
. practice constrans tho President either to suff
measures to become laws which he does not approx
: or to incur The risk of stopping the wheels of Il
! government by vetong an appropriation bill. Fl
mery such bills were confined TO specific approp
afi mo fN.cf Lou a