New-York daily tribune. [volume] (New-York [N.Y.]) 1842-1866, 1857-09-02


before long every province will ooht,in at least
such bark. At the same time the capital Of the
"Irussan Bank" has creased and it's issue Of note.
has become more extensive. Beside the banks Of
ssue there were in Germany many limitations of the
French Credit Mobilier. AZ the end Of 1919 we hadn
Germany Only IA banks, with aggregate capital Of
about 81 million dollars. Now we have % such in
s,itut ons with an aggregate capital of 2s3 million dol
lars, which, moreover, s not yet all PAID In
Your markets testify to the rapid increase Of our ex
ports. Oar cloths ana textures, our iron aud steel
werts, our silver and fancy goods, shoes and fur
piture, are exported largely And what do receive
in return? Coffee, tobacco sugar-suficsnt for our
OWE use. II is subotau'iated fact however that the
nport of such articles has been so large as it
was in-lsi5. TIE import Of cotton aud iron has, on
the contrary, immensely increased. We have an ed
vsloreD duty of % to 30 per cent Scotch, Bslec,
ard English steel, yet their import continually in
creases IN an extraordinary manner. The revenues on
iron amount to than those sugar, and believe
this circumstance sufficiently indicates condition.
And the erdepey to capital associations holds good
in the domestic production wei the importation.
We cant, forge and hammer; construct mines,
furnaces canals and railroads in word, we bury
the work Of cur hands in tte earth, and still await.
ing the rich haivets 10 b produced from these Seeds
What woBc " if our nIeans scsnty and we must
sometimes Nst in be time.
Since 1854 provisions have been constantly be-
coming dearsr. Small barvests, it is said, are the
cause To some extent that is the true reason, but
hs ncr. in price il in a measure another effect OF
the cl ange in the object Of the nations activity.
Thousands of strong arms to which farming formerly
gave employment are now Engaged i" niechanica'em
pIoym. nte; but though the arms no longer labor IN
the production Of meaDs Of susteLaDce, the stomachs
retaining thereto must be filed as well as before
The revenue Of these aborers he's increased they con-
Sums more nerve and muscesubstance II their violent
labor, and they require moce tocd ard driLk than
form er, AID they are nblo to pay for these they
cause a more extensive and urgent demand Tor pro-
visions. On the other hand tbs ranks of the husband.
man are timing out and the farmer is threatened with
the danger Of being unabs 10 obtain hands to work
his fields at any price. The farmers endeayor, It Is
true. TO help themselves by of machinery. The
North Americans have been our teachers in that, since
the lack Of workmep which is just beginning to make
itseh apparent here has existed there since the very
commencement Of colonization in the land, for there
the man stands in the midst Of nature, while
custom and preiudces leave him in the urch, throw
ing him upon tie resources Of Lis own inventive facul-
ties.
Ten years ago there was nothing said here OF iui-
provements in farming apparatus. The soil was turned
over BY the same ptow tina. 10 former days the Ger
man of Tacitrs, clothed in SKINS leaned bis weight
upon The spade the pick, the harrow, the chopper,
and the fia-hes the simple tools OF tee wosk-
man on the large FARMS, as in the poorest peasants
garden. Whoever tben introduced irSo his service
a steam engine, a sowing or moving machine.
was locked at doubtfully bankrupt Now
all this apparatus, with twenty kinds of pows, ave
in constant use. We ditch, drsin and irrigste,
and we manure with guano, satpeter and bone
dust-whateyer, in fact, chemistry recommends. The
then popular three field system Of agriculture with Its
frequent faow years has at length given way to the
rational of rotation of crops and cultivation OF
fodder and our farmers have Already commenced the
Plan Of changing the manures in place OF tho crops
But this progress is still in its infancy 1t is but sow
g the seed for future crops and we in the meanwhile
must suffer bitter wart account OF the increased
| demand and diminished supply.
Living is as expensive in the snslest town OF W est
phslia-yes, even in the hamlets-as it is in Berlin
and as for those paradsica places where pensioned o
GERS once consumed their little inco ne in comfort where
are they now In tie moon, perhaps; but certainly
not in our country The price of meat butter and eggs
has increased fourfold in this vicinity, ard what was
formerly an ample income will scarcely keep body
| and soul together.
| Tie people have acquired more ecOnom-
ical habits of life, and in the same degree have be-
| come more refined in their tastes and auusements.
| The universal habit of travel which the railroads
ave cs,ered has already increased the range OF their
yi.iop and has bestowed new susceptibities upon
their minds The q ost remote provinces are brought
into communication with the central points OF cl'iza'
ton: manners habits and ideas spread themselves
with marvellous rapdity, and the advantages Oh tue
larger cities are open to al Il formerly the Gus
tom for apprentices to spend several years IN travelling
.,d gaining new experiences of the world and man
hind aud gathering IDEAS to aid them in their busne s.
and lives. During his ertire lifetime, the mechahc
looked back with fond regret upon the time wheh me-
| a happy "joune man." with bundle on his oa'k,
roamed gaily from town to town, from land 10 iaua'
begging from each the accustomed assistance NOW,
however that is altered. The "Wanderjahre' are
10 longer restricted t. short epoch in mans lie
time lie travels more frequently, because with more
ease and greater speed ard acquires new experiences,
which, upon his return, he in turn communicates to
those whom necessity or inclination has kept al home
Formerly when it wa. a journey Of days, or per-
haps weeks from the more distant provinces TO Ber-
lin, there persons frequently to be met with who
had never seen The capital. Now however, there are
comparatively few among the better educated who
have lever visited Berlin while the civil funconares
and higher grades of mechanics are actually obliged to
60 ihcie in order 10 pa.s their examinations AID re-
ceve their requisite certificates. Private persons also
endeavor TO pay visit TO the capital at least once in
| lifetime This as will readily be imagined, has re-
suited in impcrsnt changes in the provincial towns
ard ctes, in refining and improving tho inhabitants.
|
CANADA.
| uAI L CONTINENT RIuED RN FL