The Council Bluffs nonpareil. [volume] (Council Bluffs [Iowa]) 1857-1867, 1857-07-04
A LEAF wORTH rRESERVtNG-cuRlO us
FACTS FROM HISTORY.

The Saxsus first introduced archery in the
time of Noltigcur. II was dropped lmmcd,-
Ately after the conquest, but received by the
crusaders, they having felt the effects OF 1t
from the Saracens, VINO probably derived 1t
frsm the Iarthlans. Bows and arrows rs
weapons of war we're in use with stone can
non balls SO late as l64o. 1t is singular
that all the statutes for the encouragement
OF archery we're framed after the invention
of gunpewdor and firearms. iew tire rs
were encouraged in churchyards, for the
making Of bows, in l143. Hence their
generality in ehurchyarJs in England.
Coats of arms came into vogue in the
reign of Richard |, al England, and became
hereditary IN families about the year Ilg2.
They took their rise from the knights paint
ing their banners with different figures TO
distinguish them in the crusad.s.
The first standing army of modern times
was established by Charles VII Of France.
in 1855. Previous 10 that time the King
had depended on his mobiles for coutngcnts
IN tima Of war. \ standing army Was first
established in England in it3S by Charles
l, but il vas declared illegal. "a well rs the
organization Of the royal guards in i3i9.-
The frs. permanent military band lnstlIut-
si in England, was the yeomen of The
gaards, established III l4S6.
Guns war, invented by Swartz, l,eg-
man, abent ltIS, and were brought into usr
by the Nenitiaps in 1852. Cannon were III
,rntsl at an anterior date. They were first
used q, the battle of CrcsSy i'll l5i6. In
England they were frs, used ut the selge OF
Berwick ia liQ5- IL was not until L544.
however. that they were cas-; in Eugiand.-
Ncn,tisus in li39, and were in use among
the Turks about the same time. An artlite-
~ company Mas instituted in England for
weekly military exercises in 1910.
Insurance Of ships was first praeticed in
the rcIgn ed Caesar - ~. Ii was general
custom in Europe IN liza. Insurance Off
COS ware hrs' established in London in lG6S.
AstroasTy was hrst studied by the Moors
and ny them introduced into Europe in
lnl. The sapid progress OF modern AS
,rouoms dates ttom the time of Copsrui-
Gus. Rocks u astronomy aud geometry
were destroyed. Ne infected si,h l,agie. IN
England, under the reign of Edward II. in
1852.
Banks were 6rSt established by the I.om
bard Jews III Italy The name is do.is ed
from aaase, (hsnch.l bcachrs beng erected
in the market PLACES for the exchange Of
money, &c. The aFSt public baak was at
Venice. ahsa. 1850. The Bank of England
was established in lt9a In lG96 Its notes
were at ~ per cent. discount.
The invention az bells is attributed to
faaliuus, bishop Of Nsis, in Cas,pania.
about the year 400. They were hrst intro
duecd into churches rs a defense sainst
thunder and lightning. They were FIRST
hang up III England a, croyland .Ahber.
lincolnshirr, in ia. In the eleventh Gen.
fury. aud LATER. it was the custom to hap
'ise theas IN the churches before they asr.
used. The csiyfsw bell !was established in
le's- TWAS ruug At sight IN the evening,
waen people vrre obliged IL put out tl.s.r
IRE ssd candle The cusipm saS abolished
IN iihl E"limea were sasasnsed in Ian
don IN isss. Ia ring the bells 3. night. and
cry, Take car" of your IRE akd candle. b..
dead.
Hss navy srs aware u :Ee origin Of the
word "ees :" Ssni to fFisLssa Children p
II corruption II Koh. sis name IF a
neres sc'htc rsaerai, the ses II o,isa. tbs.
meessen OF whose aaae snyaat . pante
anoag his enemies.
book Keeping was Fret irsssAs.esi into
hnxiand from Italy ~ Peel. in ases. Il
derived srog s,ssem u sissssrs pais-
Ashsd by Taxs n kaGice. u =.
Netsnns public ~cre fsss aur<sussd by
sskhcrs 81 Che christian osseck, u ca.lsss
Tue aeis o. saemoirs u martyrs in shs first
cNtary.
The administration af the <asa I. e;,f,
cases Is u high antiquity. See xas.in. :.