New-York daily tribune. [volume] (New-York [N.Y.]) 1842-1866, 1857-08-21

eu.s' -. Az The esst. TIE siTaiA whoa lie on
,sp xs,erp slope ssd DIP westward under 'He fivef
'aie'' "'0 Elue Eo,es;oDc,
Reaoi-h gN,
foLow gyoseoas sandstone.
ghs,e are confornsbc - ,llc oS;s aud are found "a
~ or6rf Civtp--tAe limestone lynn IL cOnIaC' W.
;be porphyio rUck. IL places it WIS Observed % 70
eaeied losing its ble Ivlor, eri gradually pass.A5
sto compact snc sacehanne marble. Ile 'o,,sic
thickpess Of this bel was where tae s'ra'a bean
ysted not more dian SOC fe"t; but ial' mus b,e
only partial Display for n)rth Of D3ans AIne .,,stq
the anal rock rotpotrnjed upwa'q e. bsn 900
less inclined the thickness c"nia ho' - ,vst sde OF
feet Those sands.ons. SO ioiea On 'oe ,cea vhers
tho R;o (:r.de cropo;rg out 10 May P.a..a ELL
trechyte aud pofphyry have o'''>'"
up Us cog Al miles we.t Of the Rio Grende valley
tiV.A - Is.u-bod and uphcaved s"aet - nv
,rh.,r tno species Of vcica1o i1 10 a. In Ios
mug nearly parallel, n. ~ ,sa; from tho Mesilo
ip;ooe c., So. ipgs On tie western SIDE oil the
;;.trct b,satic rock massive aao scoi'sccou9 W.
40 augiic pcrphyfy aoouua VIM me-. ahonnS on Tho
'fascedony nodues are included 10 tho last
named rock. Foar dstiact lines OF upheaysl may 0.
traced in breadth Of 20 miles between Monument
I'M and the edge Of the valley cast CT Cock Sphss.
The struie e1posed are thu led and yellow ssndstones
Of the Mesilia Valley, which here are remsrs@oy
yypseous. containing tuck beds oil seienite' lucy
iDe(ipe both to the east ard the west, ana e.1ain
1naAnnurn hight above the surrounding country Oh o
to 10 hundred feet. The blue Limestone "h!ch i,os
beneath these ssndstores crops out no Theie Ia 'as
volcanic district except st the western e"5ei VIZ
90 leaving the plujn of Cooks Spring tie attic
hil.s arc entered There about ~ feet Of tue Dlas
rock was found exposed az ac base Oh the S4na tock
but not 20 situated to allow 0i more man recoShi-
ton The fact Of meeting witat here IN SI'a oeLe@'a
tba disturbed strata, alDws us 10 conclude that II
upderiles the whole country eastward 10 the llvef,
some 90 miles.
Two distinct actions feo;a TO have elevated this
-ecioo-bet sich poured out the DARK bssq,ic rock
and spread it in divided streams from ~ - feet
in oepth, Dccompshied by pitchstono aad giassy
soor o. and later embracing the trachyte lava aud
reddish felspathic porpbyry alluded to. ANA mast
have been tho posteriOr esyaing agent acting IN :ae
sane Ene Of force with the basaltic outflow, Lifting
this region several hundred feet and giving II nearly
its present outline. Although this volcano area Is
thus oircumscrbed drO9piu, down both to toe north
and south yet continuing the line Of force north Gardy
we reach The district Of the copper minss at the
head waters of the mimbfes wi5Te inc same volcanic
ard saied rocks are fonad aud 50 on TO tue MdSei-
W.st OF iris volcanic dist1ic. il the valley Of Cooks
Spy;pp plain covered with ailuvial deposits. West
<i ard near Cooks Spring hes the picacho dc 10,
Nn,bres a Iu Of n,ountains which saads out iso
lated and constitutes wc.-dciined object Sc3u fcm
distance. lu Constitution 1t resembles Tic Organ
Mountains, having IN axis OF granite rock, mostly
syenite containing the needle crystals OF actynohte.
in its elevation this rock has carried up with it the
everything strata, which cap s sides and reach almost
20 the summit. Here the rock in contact with the
granite was the blue limestone and above il reddish,
yellow, snd the. whitisn s0nj-lVnes end 3rits. The
anglo OF elevation Of these strata approaches IN places
10 AID rcpe.iors OF The upLeava constitute the foot
hls at its eastern base Here also, in the Organ
MoupteirS, trsppean dykes occur-a true greeDstcle
rock-abd may be observed cutting tho mountain on
It's east side from the summit to the base One
If these dykes is about ~ feet wide, and may be
traced for miles along the level plain, S.SW., add
reachpg the Sierra FLORIDA, distance OF 40 miles.
The similarity of the aSal rock and everything strata
in the Pcacho and Organ Mouutdins enables us TO
refer then uphesval to the same date.
The valley of the nimOTes, west " .i0 PIcGchO -
~ aluvis PLAIN through which Dws the riy.r Of tIat
name, whose bed appears 70 be Ill the line Of taut
in the strait running LOrth God 50uibhS iaut b3os
the result oil the trae ytic pophyy u?hcava 'onIin-
ned southwark from the copper miAes
From the Mimbres River TO the water-holes known
IL the Penoscas the country gradually rlses, until in
nnoss il aDproaches an elevation Of ) 900 tat-bcng
hom 500 to 200 feet more elevated than the region
oasl a the bIimbres just described. Tois iacressed
altitude is due ~ the Intrusion OF Sneous rock, which
ia here both fr, quent and covering extensive areas,
snd forms the southern proloneanon Of the Elrio
Mountains which, further north, border on the Qua
River The red and yellow sandtOpes are here the
surface stratifed rocks, and the only exposed,
the limestone beneath Lot appearing. Tho i5ncous
rocks ore reddish elspothc porphyry and trachyc
lava with veins Of b6salt geenstone). They appear
both as dykes and VEINS md have freud to the
northwest sometimes much as NJ ~ W., rarelyel-
evang the strata an GOO tsss above the level,
but tlting Il at every angle rom ~ to ~ eau ms 1t
TO dip generally ". ADygCaiOd por hyry Ee lucnty
OyerlOwed and capped the saa III the netghOO; hood
OF The d,ker. In suca case, between thc pofphyry
end the u9derlyidg strata wcnld be found bed OF
.scoso shay rUcA twenty fee thick, with lsycc OF
blush chace 5ODa rock passing into lndurited cot1-
pacy sliceOus rock ALTERED SANDSTONE. Tnls district
OF vo.cspc rocks has a wlcth ot fifty miles, and TOMS
III watershed Of the continent in tina latitude
Nom this region 10 the san Pcdro River tic county
ops il, geIe' elevation, aud It's physca a2pufaace
is altered. ,steEd Of local liTneo lines OF disturbance
extensive areas of rtppfe az met wi'h, where the
strata are nearly horizontal end where toe surface IS
covered over by deposits Of gravel and clay forming
extensive plains with surface smooth aud level aud
funring up abruptly to the base Of the mountains
bounding Them. These later are sometimes isolated
ou,fows OF anygdaoid porphyy and basal., like those
described in the Buuo Mountains, bat more ifc-
QueiIi, grGn,te rhG.iIg III a direction y. 40
u &C. W., the chs.u dropping down az intervals Aud
allowing the valley TO st:eich fov1d AKA int~rocS
with is vicinal plain.
Four OF these welidehncd plains occur before
reachipg the san retro k,c:-thct Of no Ia.uuas
the Va!ie &c los Playas tie Valley Of Sun Damage
River sao tne Playa 90 los ihnds. These valley, or
basins rather troLSbs Eat GTess, WITH but itt'e
slope 70 drain 90 the victor hence the rains ccuma-
k-o the clay bottoms, forming pO?ls and lake 10.
few weeks which dry up and leave the ripped sur
face. The Valley Of San Domingo on.J pj5scsscs a
river, ana this is frequently dry to ce buGa line
Of pools from north ~ south. The central portions OF
these rlayas are clayey, and have tenacious bot
.om; but The edges near Us hills arr more sHHdy in
character and chiefly made up Of the granlsc or
porphy rite debris Of the yneous rock of tho npa-
tsins No means afforded Of escertairinS the
depth oil tie quatemary deposits OF these plaus.
The Valley Of tn San Pod-o terminates Oh the west
of the region Of valley trodghs. rh, river dow
n W. into the CHA; anc, for IT'S lovsr ninety mites,
runs between the masses Vi nountlins-thc Sierra
s.nts Catarna OF the west, and the Sierra Ca,io oa
The east The river valley Is a,.'ie ,o II9m Two 70
eight miles vide depressed iom % - lOO tett below
the eene.si level Of tie couci.y 2nd occaics TIE To-
csliiy OF an anceu. depudsnca Occurring Oo'rcH 1nc
ieriaean a Cretaceous pei1ods. nc S;lueta'e u
the valley il analogous 10 mat ot tho hio Ngda1t'
The mountain chaias OF ,iis district, taouSh ~" ut
pent fesIures VI ths region must be viewed in CON