The daily union. [volume] (Washington [D.C.]) 1845-1857, 1857-04-09
DEPARTS ENT NEWS.
DEPARTMENT OF STATE.

DEPARTMENT NEWS.
DEPARTMENT STATE. ..,"
Inf,rsstiag Lsatr from Portugak-The annexed letter
bas been received from correspondent at Oporto
Haying reason to believe that report has been cicu
lated among the fsrmers OF the southern States OF the
Union that new varieties the olive tree superior to those
previously known have leen cultivated OF late years in
Portugal and also in France and Span and that there
desire in alton the ect among those farm
ers beg leave to acquaint you that have made dgent
inquiry into the natter and that far as 1t concerns this
country satisfied that there ia good foundation for
the report. . &5
making this statement but as the cultivation of the
olive in the southern States appears to he subject OF
consid, abe and growing Importance the following patc
uas may perhaps not prove undressing to you. Nine
species OF the olive tree are more or ess cultivated IN this
country but Of these only five worth the mentioning
namely ,he Olvera (ove tree) o. Durszia, 0. Cordo
ves D. Naduva, 0. yerdeas, and the O. Silvestre.
The O. Durazia grows slowly and produces but little
oil but it is much cultivated because the quality of its
oil is very fine, and the tree is very hardy.
The O. Cosdoyea produces large and beautiful fruit,
which made into OIL but kept for the table like
the Seville olive which it resembles.
aThe O. Verdeas and Maduval very profitable kinds
to cultivate being very hardy and but little affected by
heat cold This variety is of rapid growth and gives
larger cops of fruit than any other kind grown in this
country. The oil produced from the fruit when carefully
made is extremely good aud much esteemed These kinds
are much cultivated about Coimbro.
".
high quality and is Of little estimation. To olive
trees from seed perfect olives Of kind required chosen,
full and smooth From these the stones TAKEN and In
the month OF March planted in properly prepared beds
Fer these beds piece OF ground is selected sheltered
well FROM the north wind from the 6ercer rays of the
summers and where water may be had easily and tho
soils light The ground dug and thoroughly cleared Of
Stones weeds roots &C. to the depth of three four feet
well MANFRED with RICH rotten dung and divided into
bids elk feet wide, sufficient being left be-
tween the beds that they may be easily watered
iva in in tha eaa hon fnnt
apart every In the cold they covered with
mats little raised from the ground. In nine or ten
months leaves Of the plant appear The ground is thence
forward kept clear of weeds oosened and we'll watered ia
hot weather. and In two years the young trees fit to be
uansplaned.
The tfansplaaling may take place at any time from
November until March, but not later None but the most
vigorous plants used and these may easily be discover
ed by their having thick bark smooth green and full
round the trunk their branches being well disposed and
their limbs showing sprouts Each plant is cut to be
gh inches high from the to the top of the stock
ba from which shoots spring vigorously The roots
are carefully prun,d all scky cankered or broken parts
being removed The soil for the plants is similar TO that al
ready described for seed BEDS and is prepared in the
way The plants placed at intervals Of 20 feet in
which 30 feet apart
u May the plants examined and all but the strong
est branches removed In four five years the young
Trees become bearers and profitable.
Trailing and budding are performed in the way com
mon with other trees.
1.-THE propagation Of the olive tree by roots Is however
tar preferable to all other modes and is very easy For
s purpose an olive tree Is selected of many years growth
and known excellence the soil Is removed from about its
roos with the greatest care that they may be exposed
70 examination without being injured the most healthy
and perfect roots cut eff the being close pos
sos to the stalk Each piece of root is from 10 to 80
Inches long, with three four buds it. The existence
u hese buds must be ascer!aned, and they often
scarcely percepble to the naked eye the doing of this
qulres sone The roots are then tauted in holes
hree eet apart every way Ia beds prepared directed be
the soil is kept loose and free from weeds and ia
d during hot weather In four or FIVE years the plants
Wnich are generally very robust and foe ct to plant
out as directed in the of those raised from seed
In the gathering OF the olives and making OF oil there
he or nothing 10 commend in the practices of the Por
uguese but there lie convenient mode of separating The
rom the mother, used by number OF the makers OF
e oest oil in this neighborhood which may be
mentioned 1t consists ia allowing the liquid expressed
oh the crushed olives to fall from the press into lin
uro I'm or wellseasoned wood the upper part of which
s1Panded into basin with top aud which has tube
opening into IL about two inches from It's bottom and
alsug on the outside OF the cylinder to within about
NJ hch below the top Of the BASIN The mother by its
Na weight takes its lowest part in the cylinder the oil
uoa aud passes the top Of the basin into proper
vessel willis the mother passes of by the external tube"
INTERIOR DEPARTMENT
Hasdrd'sdl Of Lands "a Mnnesota Several weeks
since we announced that the Commissioner of the General
Land Office had withdrawn from sale or location all the
Oneted lands falling within the probable lines Of the rail-
aas established under the grant Of land by Congress TO
VII IN Their construction. We informed yesterday
a' the Commissioner has directed the land officers in this
territory to continue this withdrawal until otherwise or
a'ed In the instructions accompanying the latter order
W Commissioner states that would be observed that the
~ 81 Congress recognised presumption claims upon set
usen's made up to the time wben the lines or routes
SAID roads and branches definitely fixed = that
Vas oy The decision Of the Attorney General, until the
""es OF roads or any parts Of them were swUeyed
4rHfa and fired on Tie ground" The evidence of sur
ying and marking the different sections Of the road
In he in tha afso Al.
proper time the surveys progressed therefore, preemp
aon claims based upon settlement made up TO that date
"a any OF the lands withdrawn, whether offered or IN
ued surveyed or unsurveyed would be allowed by the
IAna ocer', II right In all other respects The land on
were enoined Ia acting upon these claims to require
.Ss testimony to be explicit and satisfactory In showing
'&e'ua settlement lite extent and continuance also