New-York daily tribune. [volume] (New-York [N.Y.]) 1842-1866, 1857-03-20
TILE1DRAIEING.

To The Idttor OF Inc " l. ITtobne.
SIR: WITHDRAWING, as an art, has made great ad-
yances among the better cass Of farmers especially in
ENGLAND, since the introduction of dreningtie or,
We should perhaps cay, since the modern use OF the
tile for prior to loo the garden of the monastery at
Maubeuge, in France, was drained with earthen tile,
placed at depth of about four feet and 80 late as
1850, when the conformation of the surface was
changed to make park this garden WAS famous for
the excellence and abundance of its productions and
the people of the district had been at loss to account
for its astonishing fertility until the grading spoken OF
exposed thorough system Of drainage, which had
evidently been made earlier than interments dating a.
1890
The tile is an nnov atOn--a new idea 1t is revou-
ton in the art Of draoing; but it s at the same time
silent and timd one producing but slowly the change
of system which its first coming predicted, and which
its long use sipce about lSill has steadily advanced.
1t conforms easily 10 popular ideas. and makes itself
80 useful in nearly all cases that its distinctive features
and strong points of advantage not so readily seen
as if il had other features advantages. The old
stone and brush drains acted as permeabe spaces
70 relieve the soil Of the excess of water which
Nigh receive from rains springs and such drains
serve q veiy fair purpose, sufficient, IN the sb-
sence Of other materials to co pmand respectful atten'
ton; but, they rarely offer more than chan
mel for the Glow percoauon Of water, they can by no
means compare with tile, which. forming, when prop
erly laid, perfect conduit that can be entered only by
water and air AID which is therefore not liable TO Oh
st1ucon remains as free outlet for whatever excess
of moisture the coil may contain. Add to this the tar
greater cbeapnes In most cases OF the tile aud we see
that there ere but few soils requiring drainage where
il would ever be advisable to employ any other mate
nal
Assuming, then that tiles are the chespest and
best aids 10 under draining let examI their action
with a view of ascertaining the proper manner IN
which TO construct the dram.
Drains of the old la.hion require Of cOurse 10 be
made of considerable size, that the Dimensions OF the
passage for water may be sufficiently large 10 c0upen-
safe for lis want OF perfection. Then, again, such
drsins-parly in consequence OF the cost Of their
cor strucon-are located chiefly IN low parts Of the
land and only 81 long intervals where they sy tap
springs deposits OF water. Each drain If regarded
complete IN itself, not as part of asystem OF
drains aiding each other. Ii Is, therefore made OF
large AID lie filled with stone toward the surface of
the coil that the water which the surface 70
this lower portion of the field may ind easy TO
the drain by iilterDg down from the top. They
generally II may use the expression, cotered sur
face drama and a. commonly consTuc,ed, they have
little Of the effect of thorough under draining still II
post ble 70 arrange them that they shall for the time
Of their duration, perform all of the WORK OF tile
drains rs may the tile replace the stonedrsn for the
purpose OF surface drainage.
The object of under raining not simply TO relieve
the weiter psIs OF the land Of their surface water but
20 from the Hko.e sod. 70 Depth Of from tsir.y
20 ihUfysL uVchcS, az rdftT UEtck does t0t dtt0cA
HSct TO ne surface Of rs particles force Of capillary
attraction. This, and nothing lees than us, Is thor
ough drainage and this condition of the soil be
attained before can anticipate all Of the good re-
cults which rghfuy attributed 10 under drsinlng
Such condition is beet effected by the Of the tile
and il is well always to beEr il mind these pine pies
that In thorough drainage the object 10 provide an
outlet for water at the TOP Of the level and nat
water which falls the soil does not travel diagonay
toward the drain, but settles al ence in vertical
direction And thus raises the level TO such hight tia;
the water enters the tile and is carried away II con-
tinues 70 flow Until water from the uppet coil has
oessed to descend 70 raise the position OF below
To illustrate this more faly, lie, suppose q bsrrel
staDoisg on lt end, 10 DC filled with soil and tia.
Ss'er be poured into j. until the soil IL saturats-hat
is, anti the spaces between the particles tiled with
water five now rensve the bang OF the barrel the
water viii how out until that above the level Of the
lower SIDE Of the hung hole is entirely removed, except
much AZ is nec by capillary attraction. The water
which has passed out IS not all Of il that which was
originally shove the level OF the outlet for that water
DID not take diagonal direction toward the outlet from
al parts Of the upper half Of tie sa-rel. Is weigh.
carried directly down. AID caused j, 20 force up ia:
which was below anti !. passed OF BY The oute:.
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