Orleans independent standard. [volume] (Irasburgh, Vt.) 1856-1871, 1857-07-17
Alisfellanfolls Artlfles.
FACTS FROM HISTORY.

revived by the crusaders, they having
felt the effects of it from the Saracens,
who, probably, derived it from the Par
thians. Bows and arrows as weapons OF
war were in use, with stone cannon balls
so late as 1640. 1t is singular that all
the statutes for the encouragement OF
archery we're framed after the invention
of gunpowder and firearms. Yew trees
were encouraged in churchyards, for the
making of bows, in 1882. Hence their |
generality in churclyards in England.
Goats of arms came into vogue in the !
reign of Richard l. of England, and be-
came hereditary in families about the
year 1892. They took their rise from
the knights painting their banners with
different figures to distinguish them in the
crusades.
The first standing army of modern
times was established by Charles VII. of
France, in 1445. Previous to that time
the king had depended upon his mobiles
for contingents in time of war. A stand
ing army was first established in Eng
land in 1858 by Charles l., but it was de-
clared illegal, as well as the organization
of the royal guards in 1879. The first
permanent military band instituted in
England, was the yeomcn of the guards,
established in 1886.
Guns were invented by Swartz, a Ger
man, about 1873, ard were brought into
use by the Venetians in 1882. Cannon
were invented at an anterior date. They
were first used at the battle of Cressy in
1916. In England they were first used
at the siege of Berwick in 1905. 1t was
not until 1914, however, that they were
cast in England. They were used on
board of ships by the Venetians in 1889,
and were in use among the Turks about
the same time. An artillery company
was instituted in England for weekly
military exercises in 1610.
Insurance of ships was first practiced
in the reign of Cesar, in 40. 1t was a
general custom in Europe in 1894. In
surance offices were first established in
London in 1867.
Astronomy was first studied by the
Moors, and was by them introduced into
Europe in 1901. The rapid progress Of
modern astronomy dates from the time Of
'Copernicus. Books of geometry and as
tronomy were destroyed, as infected with
magic, in England, under the reign Of
. Edward VI, in 1862.
Banks were hTst established by the
Lombard Jews in Italy. The name i.
,, derived from bdncO, bench-benches be-
ing erected in the market-place for the
exchange of money, &c. The first pub
lie bank was at Venice, about 1885,
The bank of England was established in
:. 1893. In 1896 its notes were at 20 pei
cent. discount.
The invention of bells is attributed t
Paulinus, Bishop of Nola, in Campania
about the year 400. They were first in
troduced into churches asa defence agains
thunder and lightning in 900. The,
were first hung up in England at Croy
land Abbey, Lincolnshire, in 945. 1
the eleventh century and later it was tn
custom to baptise them in the churche
before they were used. The curfew be
was established in 1868. 1t was rung 6
eight in the evening, when people wer
obliged to put out their fire and candl,
The custom was abolished in 1100.-
Bell-men were appointed in London i
1906, to ring the bells at night, and or,
take care of your fire and candle,
charitable to the poor, and pray for IL
dead"
How many are aware of the origin
the word "boo! used to brighten Chi
dren? 1t is corruption of Bob, Il
name of fierce Gothic general, the sc
of Odin, the mention of whose nan
spread panic among his enemies.
Bookkeeping was first introduced in
England from Italy by Peele in 1867
1t was derived from system OF algeb
published by Burgo at Venice.
Notaries Public were first appointt
by the Fathers of the Christian Churc
to collect the acts or memoirs Of marty
in the first century.
The administration of the oath in ci'
cases is of high antiquity. See Exod
22-l0. Swearing on the gospels W
first used in 528. The oath was first a
ministered in judicial proceedings in En-
land by the Saxons in 900. The wor
so help me God, and all Saints" co
Guided an oath till 1850.
Signals to be used at sea were first &C
trived by James H., when Duke of Yo
in 1865. They were afterwards i