The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1856-08-31

are Of the highest Importance. IL turns
that this growth OF the Hook is not accidental pher
meDon but goes regularly and according TO determ
able laws The amount OF increase depends upon var
BILE causee but the fact Is that IL ncreases
by year and the cause OF this is remarkable mort
wardy current the amount and duartion oil which the
observations assign along both shores OF the Hook,
outer one extending across the whole breadth OF FA
Hook channel with varying velocity, and the one insi
of the Hook extending nearly third OF the distan
across Sandy Hook bay. These currents run to
north during both the ebb and flood tide with yaryi
rates and result from those tides directly and indrec
The inner current is the one by which the food and
tides draw, by the lateral communication of naoton,
70 hose des as thew se o
The veocties and directions found favor this conc |
sively. An important obser vaton for navigation
from this, for eleven hours out OF the twelve there is
north wary current running through False Hook cha
mel hich assists vessels entering New York hRrbor !
the ebb tide, and to be avoided tn passing out with
ebb 1t s the conflict Of these two north vardly CT
rents ontside and inside and the deposit Of the mater
which they carry to the point OF the Hook, which caus
m gao. within century mas III n te
mile year, on the average for the last twelve year
Hymns knoll, the north side OF the main ship chann
does not give way as the point OF the took advance
The importance Of watching this movement canno
therefore, be overstated. The mode OF controlling
rowth Is obvious from the result obtained. The obse
vauons are still continued to obtain the hume
cal res ults.
HUDSON RIVER.
Prof BAcHE also read abstract Of tNctce of Obse
atoms to Determine the Progress Of the Tidal Waves
the Hudson River, made by the Coast Survey for Il.
Commissit ners on Harbor Encroachne nts.'
Prof.. BAClIE explained the importance OF knowledl|
Of the movement OF the tide wave up the Hudson Rv
to the determination Of the shore line of New York 81
aud barbor and the subject of encroachmept upon III
area Of The harbor and stated that the New York Cor
missoners had directed ull ser 81 IN
made for the examI alton Of this point in the bearing jul
referred TO- and also on the character OF the improv
ments projected for the Hudson River at the Ogcrsaug
and indeed in the whole disanca from Trov N Nev ia
more Nine tidal stations were in the of occun
ton between ,vernor,s Island New Yorx and cree
bush opposite ALBANY Az the Two terminal statioI
saxtor g sell registering gauges placed end he ha
expected TO invite the members to see the Albany gaugI
bLt the late eshet 10 the river had required It's remov
Tor the present Prof. Bache explained the selection
made OF the localities OF the tidal stations and the reaso
ior tner special POI tioas and stated that The results
e Work would hereafter De ad before the associatie'
The next papers in order were
On len porary stars aad the Origin Oh Tue spnerod|
Professor ALEXANDER began BY defending the nebui
nypotnesis rom the charge that II essentially atheist
Ca ~ ~ senaency ana tnat any merely pny
nnai mat the question was, whether the changes
sa, hau acuay occrrea ana saa, me
from desgn ana aoaptauon WAS only the stronger vi
longer the series OF changes He showed what must
ring and that hall Of The mass mns no ,,,naed w;,h
and the other half without the central line Of ryratio
He drew thence sundrv concusons with resnect IN nj
mode ri divon ~ ,hn rnoe ana thar hra,L;nr Nm q,
ANAL noyons n ars, 10 farm single n,anet.
He found traces of The existence Of hree systeus Of
in The solar systemone ncadino the PLANETS nom MAJ
crry ~ tha aarth The nsyt rrore Marc 10 I.snr. m
Ne,tnne nv itself IN the outside Ha .bowad ho, III
rings seemed m have been DIVIDED ana ~
divided inc ing the same traces Of arrangement whe1
their centres ~ ration were comnuted 90 MOI avstS
the ~ glenn He aeo smoke of similar arrange nents
The 81 steyna ~ Iuoter and Saturn
Professor PIERCE remarked that the results arrived
by Professor Alexander were facts In obtaining thu
he had followed the same course which KepIer aid ~
which would have made him the Kepler OF this day hs
On the Stability OF satellites Revolving IN y.r,ow o|
bits BY DAsIEI VAUGHAN
The section then Adjourned
SUBSECTION OF fhfsiCs, ETC.
Ut t.Elp, VI Lobaon nere reaa paper On tno proouI
uon !" Iosiy n.s IN ar anu otner gases WIN ~
SAi iiussi on vi Io'y current ronaereu luminous
lame aIo nc anaescent cnArcoai. Inc exper'menw
we learned gchuenan were Witnessed WIZ MUCH n
tereft; u
VI nAn rose 70 retr 70 ns .neory On Storm,
wien NC PfoPoseo " explain Tue pnenomena WunesseI
"n men
Inc ShAe eATesseu iear tuet tney soi lIio me
enn o. stor ms they wouo 90 ooWn away, {
rIUessor foi Inen naae communcauon On VI
sa, - ,s $50 S - M e. or ne ala
TEN ~ tnc Ngion u Tue nisck hounAms ~ Nortn CarI
nna, compared WIN 'nose Oh we "hte noon'ars IN Nc
hsmpsnme. ,,...
AA' 'ee''1 "eI .s''s' As1
The only paper read here this afternoon was on n
classification OF turtles, by Professor AGAssz. J
NJ AcAssz said that a. Providence he had suggested III
necessity of adopting q new nomenclature based on %
rect principles. He had advised the adoptlod Of /
casshcat in which pound should be pound and \
ounce, in order that every one should NOT
at liberty TO give what names they pleased to ID
various divisions OF animals. AT present, no 81
works agreed In point OF classification What one call
order, another called a class; some introduced u
word families; and these words introduced as IL
by which the different divisions OF the aniuj
kingdom were were interchangeable 1t VII
He wished now 10 recall that at Providence the first ST.
had been made towards remedy ing this evil by drawii
attention TO Il. |
In such o matter the best mode Or proceed ug was
an illustration and Tor that purpose he would select M
family Of turtles.
Turtles, as q group, arr quite remarkable. They q
rcumscribed within fixed limits that no naturalist hl
thought doubling the boundaries Of the group ~
30 well fixed as that or birds though the birds ere cls
while the turtles are only an order To review the
views that have been taken of turtlcsone author
considers them as class because they differ from /
other tiles by having their extremes under their rib
another lBrognar calls them the highest order OF rc
tlean class In which ba,rachians are also Included
third (Bainve) divides reptiles in 20 two casses-o5
with scales, the ohs wthout-ths latter Of course,
oiuding frogs toads. Are they a class they
order That Is a question which answe
biologists may give individual opinions the point b
posiive answer cannot be obtained II he was wro(
on this point, he would be happy TO stand corrected
In general biologists had csiied the more comprehe
sve groups, classes the next lower divisions ordei
and the next families The divisions were predIcated
an idea that animals were q mass which could be
vided and subdvided like a solid cube Now, the I'd
that in nature there such ~