davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Raftsman's journal. [volume] (Clearfield, Pa.) 1854-1948, 1856-11-05

VSTAGON- -NAhING.-TIIE Undersigned
w would announce that they manufacture
Wagons OF all descriptions, Buggies, Sles, De. AT
their shop in New Salem Brady township. Clear
field county. which they offer for sale at . reaSona-
BILE rates as can be purchased elsewhere. They res
pectfuIIy solicit a share Of patronage
CAMBRIDGE JOHNSTON,
Octl--56-tf WILLIAM LEWIS.
Raftsman's journal. [volume] (Clearfield, Pa.) 1854-1948, 1856-11-05
LET Us REASON TOGETHER.
HOL LLOWA AVS PILLS.
WHY ARE WE SICK 2


TTb been the lot of the human race to be weirb
u ed down by disease and suffering. HoIiG.
WAYS PILLS specially adapted TO the relief
of the WEAK the NERVOUS, the DELICATE
and the INFIRM- of all elimes, ages, sexes, ana
constitutions. Professor Holloway personally So
perintends the manufacture Of his medicines in h.
United States and offers them free and enligb;.
ened people. the best remedy the world eve,
for TIE removal OF disease
THESE PILLS PURIFY THE BLOOD.
These famous Pills are expressly combined to Or
crate on the stomach the liver, the kidneys, tie
lungs. the skin. and the bowels correcting any &c
rangement IN their functions. Purifying the blood
the very fountain Of life and thus curing disease
in all its forms
DYSPEPSIA AND LIVER COMPLAINTS
Nearly half the human race have taken tiess
Pills 1t has been proved IL all parts Of the world
that nothing HIS been found equal them in cases
complaints generally They soon give healthy
tone to these organs however mrch deranCed and
when all other means have failed.
GENERAL DEBILITY. Ill HEALTH.
Many Of the most despotic Governments have .
pened their Custom Houses to the introduction q
these Pills. that they NAV become the medicine Of
the masses Learned Colleges admit that ths
medicine i the best remedy ever known f5r peri
sons ef delicate health where the system has
been impaired a. It's iEEig0rating properties never
fail 10 afford relief
II0if0s-7g'y E5Lks are the 5est ressd ks9l-l ~ tts
sroglf for thc f0lioI-iHg Dissasss.
Asthma DiaTrhOaa SecoDdary> syn ptol.s
Coughs Chest Diseases Stone ard Gravel
Colds Fever and Ague NcDercai Affections
Influenza Bowel Comp plants Female Complaints
CostiTeness Inflammation Worms Of AL kinds
Dyspepsia Indigestion LOwHess of Spirits
Debility Liver Com plants Inward weakness
Dropsy Piles Headaches
~ Sold at the Manufactures Of Professor Hoi-
LOwAY. 50 Maiden Lane. y. York and 90 Strand,
London. and by all respectable Druggists and Deal
eTs Of Medicine throughout the United States, and
the civilized wolrd. IN boxes II > cents o.: cents
and ~ each
There is a considerable saving by taking
the larger sizes
y b. Directions for the guidance Of patients in
ovsry disorder are affixed 10 each box aprs' 55
Raftsman's journal. [volume] (Clearfield, Pa.) 1854-1948, 1856-11-05
WIDEMIRE'S ESTATE

W tersTestamen the estate of q GideoE " lde-
mire late Of Penn township, Clearfeld county
Pa deceased. having been granted TO the subscri-
bers all persons indebted to the said estate are
requested to make immediate payment, and those
having claims demands against the same will
present them, properly authenticated for settle
inent to SAMUEL WIDEMIRE,
JOHN WIDEMIBE-
oct22-6t Executors.
Raftsman's journal. [volume] (Clearfield, Pa.) 1854-1948, 1856-11-05
.sEmg.iau.
Ayers (ailaItic Pills.

Ey 81 S | ali attic EIllS.
r;r.iE silence, Cheinisry AID se,lscile lesa
L taxed their utps>t 90 EOue- :i,is tss;. IeE,t
iIsrsve Eii-l Is kgogu TEacu-eTs..e pyI-1fs
Show. -l,at have hh s-lrIslSs m
sNceeIs-c :ie or!inlrg -cnes. at tina; ,lIey win
precslercy UI-an tile al sc- 1I.cy a-e safe
AMI pleasant % take hit powerful to Their fese-
tEiuE .ls-rss sli-Eate the yii ;hs siy
tie ,sTscJi,s q IL oFri's purify bs-C,
a1d eSri disease They rlirlaeo cut lie III! l.IioTs Which
breed and gTsS ssca.T--r. stimulate slss~h dr.
terei organs into ii-iF natural ai. iiiart istl5;y
tcae with strength iI,5 wc- y -cIa. Noi only
they the cvervlr c,ai Iain,s e erary holy
also lrIt ale and da..coss diseases ;is; have baiei
tiae best q i'usu s;Si NiIiie they Tosce Isvsr.ul
escc:s- ty a e tle, IA 'iiHi;i,lei scs tlas
ali l-- hy-c tlt can employed fT children
Being aggregated, they Pleasant % take; and Iri''s
Fuciy yea,,r, fare tom any r.sa 81 lIn. Gus.
hsve lycu male WIlr, sl,T4esS hl yrTe they sub
slItiii;= ly saci eai;c-i ;iru ass character
forbid sus.iep4. Of ul;ru,ls- Many e,EEea;
cerryHeu sII IL ysictI- lssVc lent J-iT csf
T, the p,iie the reliability. Of MY remedies ic oh-
Eaye the Of tteir coryir;ln tist
my PREPARATIONS contribute immensely Tie rc:i ct "a,
afflicted, suffering f-iiow-Iieu.
The Agent below i pleased furnish sTaEs my
American Anaase. containing directions ir Their ''ss ana
ccri,ates Of elr eurss. Of the li" ing Complaints
Costiveness Ri,ious Complaints, Ei.e'rssi-in hFsy
Heartburn. Headache as- from fiEl St"nlsl, Nr-
SEA Tnd;,s,iYr Nrif InsGsu t- l;ol-cs ana Pain
arising ;hcrrsnsa Fs;Je1s-y - - Aiec' az !, icsf-
Nt-iieine Scrp.ta q kiu Ev'i They sc by purify
ir. the ilai and stimulating tie system. cure many
r,rrsiutS which Il Nouti not lie supposed they csssid
reach, sucI a. neIsne-s. Partial s.!iudff Neuralgia AL
Sar,a Frr.aNi!itv arrangements a the Liver and Kid
r.ys Cont and other kindred complaints arising from a
la STAT Of the body obstruction o: IS functions
Do not l-e pat on by uHprncp'ed dealers with
o.ler til they make pTOdt On. Ash for AYEE's
PIrrs and take nothing else. No other they give
Won compares with this in It's intrinsic value or curative
powerS The the best ali there thctr,
and they should have Il.
Prepared by DR.. J. G. AVER.
Praeticsl and Analytical Chemist, Lowell, Mass.
PaIeE 25 CTs. PER Box. FIVE BOXES FoE 81.
SOLD BY
NJ. 4 Frank. and c. D. Watson Clearfeld J
c. Brenner, MoTrisdale; P. W Barrett Luthers
burg; }. b Segner, CurHensville, and by dealeru
through tie couu-. Sept 2, 1883.
Raftsman's journal. [volume] (Clearfield, Pa.) 1854-1948, 1856-11-05

4 B. M'ENALLY, ATTORNEY AT LAW
ps has changed his Office to Shaw's row He now
occupies an office with II. Mccullough, Esq. All
business will receive prompt attention.
Cearfeld,J July l6 1856
Raftsman's journal. [volume] (Clearfield, Pa.) 1854-1948, 1856-11-05

ByOR SALE.-TWO BUILDING LOTS in the
4 borough of Clearicld ; several BUILDING
LOTS and PASTURE AND WOOD LOTS. contain
ing from three 10 ten acres each near the borough
of CIearieId.
Also several desirable FARMS and pieces Of
TIMBER LAND, in various parts of the county.
Terms accommodating Apply to
L. JACKSON GRAMS,
AprjI I6 1856 Clearfield Pa
Raftsman's journal. [volume] (Clearfield, Pa.) 1854-1948, 1856-11-05
THEsE Pills PURIFY THE eLooo.

These famous Pills are expressly combined to OF
crate on the stomach. the liver, the kidneys, u,
lungs the skin and the bowels, correcting any &c
rangement IN their functions. Purifying the Blood
the very fountain Of life, and thus curing lissas
in all its forms
Raftsman's journal. [volume] (Clearfield, Pa.) 1854-1948, 1856-11-05

, EP Watches. Clocks and Jeweirv
Ia repaired by Frederick Smell on the shortest
notice, and all work warranted we'll done
Leave all articles in care of a. NJ Hills who
has on hand beautiful assortment of q old Breast
Pins, Shirt Studs and Cuff Buttons, which he will
sell VERY Low for the READY.
Clearfeld Sept ,, 1856.
Raftsman's journal. [volume] (Clearfield, Pa.) 1854-1948, 1856-11-05

a DNINISTR NOTICE.-WheTe
n as Letters of Administration the Estate Of
JOHN DRESSLER. late of Union township
CIcarseld county. Pa. deed. have been granted
to the undersigned. all persons indebted to said
estate requested TO make imm ediate payment
and those having claims against the same viii
present them. properly authenticated for settle
ucnt 10 DAVID IRESSLER.
ELIZABETH DRESSLER,
octI IS5G-st Adm
Raftsman's journal. [volume] (Clearfield, Pa.) 1854-1948, 1856-11-05

NNT Est BRANCH FIRE INSURANCE. CUM
w PANY. LOCK- HAVEN, CLINTON CO, PA
CAPITAL S30H GEO.
Insures Detached Buildings, Stores. Merchandise
and other buildings and their contents.
DIRECTo2S-
Hon. John J. Pearce, Hon. G. c. Harvey,
John 3. Hall L. /. Abrams.
Charles A. Mayer, D. h Jackman,
Charles Crist ". White,
Peter UicEeEson. Thomas Kitchen
Hos Il. c. HARVEY. PREsr.
Thos Kitchen Scc'y. 7 T Abrams. Vice Prest
The undersigned having been appointed a
gent by this company. gives notice that he will
insure Buildings Of every description, Goods, &c
on the most reasonable terms. This company Is
in prosperous condition. and meets all demands
promptly. The capital stock of the company Il
Sl00000 with privilege of increasing 10 $500 oe0
A VI MONTELIUS-
CurwcnsviIIe Pa: Aur. - ISj6-5mp
Raftsman's journal. [volume] (Clearfield, Pa.) 1854-1948, 1856-11-05

ARREsrED-The Elk Reporter says that
horse thief. named John keef, was arrested IN
Ridgway. on Monday the 18th Oct he was
arrested on suspicion, bat about two hours af-
ter he was arrested Mr.. Brooks, of near Gu
ba, n. Z rode up in pursuit of the thief, and
identified the horse. This is the second horse
thief captured in Ridgway within months.
We HEAR very distressing verbal accounts
of suffering in Michigan. in consequence Of
the dense smoke from the marsh and bog fires
In the vicinity of Battle Greek it is said that
consumptive persons have died in spasms, cat
tie have suffocatrd, and poultry have dropped
dead. Thousands of acres have burnt over,
and immense damage had been caused to pro-
Raftsman's journal. [volume] (Clearfield, Pa.) 1854-1948, 1856-11-05

AMOS LEE, Es2-- NoSTEEEF a. writes 81 jan. SO :
Il had tedious Iuau-EZa which coHfiusd a. ,-gs
SIX weeks: took n.s'sy medicines without ieicf; hr,aIly
tried yCr PECTJsAL by ii.e advice of clergyman
The first desc relieved tie IN threat an!
lungs; than half the bottle nlasl- completely
we'll Your meiicineS the cheapest we'll tiI> e-t
buy and esteem yon, Doctor. and yOur
rl.., a. -i..tf-
Nashville union and American. [volume] (Nashville, Tenn.) 1853-1862, 1856-05-09
-t.T-.tfrF STOCKTON'S &
Patent Straw Cutter,

NHE multiplicity of Straw Cutters already before the
public, large proportion of which having failed
cessuy 10 stand the test of thorough trial. and having
iaep far short of the of the venders
well as the expectations of the purchasers. general dis
trust has been created in the public mind for all machines
of this description Hence it becomes consideration of
the utmost importance before the general introduction of
machine, rnlpg which there is much doubt and
connected with which there have been many failures
that it should first have been sur ected to the most
thorough and critical test and its claim to merit clearly
established beyond doubt This machine has been
inezisence upwards Of twelve months during which time
has been submitted to the severes tests and has under
gone notifications and alterations with view Of bringing
as perfection possible 1t is now complete and
presented to the public in the full confidence that it will
meet the wants OF the farming community and sustain the
high reputation it has already obtained and the opinions
formed of it by all who have usedit.
We claim for it, .l-...-
lst Great strength and durability.
I'd. An entire freedom from complication, being so
simple to be elsiy operated by boy twelve fifteen
years of age without the slightest Of arrangement
3D. Superiority and excellence of execution cutting
with great ease, rapidity and exactness
4th. Great economy price, being offered at the low
rate of Eight Dollars. .... d.
Other advantages might he mentioned but would occu
py too much, space.
possesses peculiary however remarkable and
important that forbear making mention OF it.
We aude to its Everlasting SPRING designed to keep the
knife always in its roper place and secure uniformity Of
execution, at the time yielding to any hard and for
egn substance the appearance OF which in most machines
would he liable to produce serious jury.
County rights Middle and West Tennessee for sale
any worker in wood Men of energy wanted to act as
Agents. -...
Address, JAMES C. BALDWIN CO.
mayl 81 College st., Nashville.
Nashville union and American. [volume] (Nashville, Tenn.) 1853-1862, 1856-05-09
Loves Patent Wash Tub.

HE above Machine patented October 18th, 1885, in Its
Il utility simplicity and rapid and thorough execution
furpesses everything Of the kind heretofore introduced
This Tub is mounted stool, and provided with futed
rollers and brushes by the action Of which strong and
rapid of water is induced to pass through the
Clothes removing every particle of dirt without the slight
est injury to the clothes, however fine the texture. By
peculiar and ingenious arrangement the dirt removed from
the clothes provided with place of deposit and thereby
prevented from being ground back again into the clothes
as is the case in most machines.
Six shirts, their equal in bulk be thor.
oughly washed with this machine from eight min
These tubs sold at Eight Dollars each which
taken connection with its perfect perform ance renders
it the
CHEAPEST AND BEST WASHING MACHINE NOW
KNOWN.
Printed directions accompany eleh Machine.
County rights in any part of Tennessee for sale upon
snch terms will secure to the purchaser large profit
upon the investment To of energy opportuni-
ty for making money easily and rapidly will be offer ed.
Agents wanted in all parts of the State Address,
JAMES c. BALDWIN d CO.,
mayl-d&w3m 81 College street,
Nashville Tenn
Nashville union and American. [volume] (Nashville, Tenn.) 1853-1862, 1856-05-09
PENNSYLVANIA I1AILKOAD.
- - - -,


TUE Great Central Route connecting the Atlantic cite
Il With estern, Northwestern and SOuhw State
BY continuous Railway direct This road also connect
81 PIstsoug with oaiy line Of Steamers TO all ports o
the Western Rivers and al Cleveland and Sandusky with
Steamers to all ports the Northwestern Lakes: akiu
the most dtrsct cheapest and relld5s route 6y yhieR
FREIGHT can be forwarded 10 and from the Grsas Wsr:
v,poAE E1,es @ @ between Pniladslphia and Pistsburg:
lin boIss,l Furs, Feathers. ses Use per lOeib
SECOND CLASS-BoOks and Stationcry
Dry Goods {in bales Hardware Lea SsOe Der loon,
Lnclt &c -.
THIRD CLASS-Anvils, Bagging Bacon
and PORK lin bull, j Hemp &c ... 0oe per l0Vls
F0URTd CLASS-Csfee, Fish, Bacon
and Pork packed Lard and Lard Oil 4Oe per ioVA
FlOur-S1 per bbl until further notice.
GEain-50 cts. per loo lbs. until further aotee
Cot;on-S2 per bale not exceeding 500 lbs weight uuta
further notice.
EY In shipping Goods from any point East Of PhI.-
dePhia be particular to marx package ria PsaasgD1za q
RGiLroad All Goods consigned % the Agents of this
Road a. Philadelphia or Pttsburg will be forwarded VITA
out detention
FRneaT AGENTS-Harris, Worrnley & Co, Msmphn
Tennessee. K +. sass Co., St Louis; j. y Mitchell
Son, Evansville, Indiana; Dumesn Bell and Murock and
Carter Jewett Louisville, KY; C. Meldrum Madison
Indiana; Sprgman Brown, and Irwin Co., CincinnatE
N. w. Graham Co, GAINESVILLE Ohio; Leeeh 4 Co., No.
81 knhy street Boston; Leech & Co Asor House New
York; No. William street. and No. g Battery Plaza New
York; E. Sneeder Philadelphia; Magraw Koons SAL
umore; Geo. G Fr2nescus. Pittsburg.
n. D. HOUSTON, General FrsigA Agast, Piiladz
d. J. LOMBAERT, SaPh Altoona, Pa.
ans '5R,-tIsi ST.
Nashville union and American. [volume] (Nashville, Tenn.) 1853-1862, 1856-05-09
Epperson Springs!

1AOSE valuable and highly Medicinal Springs are 10.
Gated IN Macon county, Tenuessee, on the Eaiera Oh
Tremmel Creek four miles from the turnpike Leading rom
GaaIn Summer county Tenn, TO Scottsville ana 1ss-
gov, KY, and of easy access from all directions. The
proprietors prepared to accommodate IS many
probably may favor them with call For chronic
affections for the Stomach and Bowels Liver and spleen,
Kidneys and Bladder also of the Skn Scrofua, Dropse
many of those ailments of which females are the s
ent but severe sufferers rened have been found
sautsry and none superior to few weeks soourn at and
the use of these waters In of stone in the Bladder
they have in many instances, acted Is sovereign bair1
and in ali have afforded relief There three varieties
of Sulphur Water, and one strongly mpregnasd with
iron. correct analysis Of all of which will be made upon
the premises as promised by Prof Saord State Geoog
st some time during this year. DR.. DeBow one of the
Propretors will be constantly st the Spring. unless pro-
fessonally away who will take pleasure in giving such
advice and attention to invahds an experience of
years may enable him to give without any additions
c1arge the day time except for Medicine for Surgcs
operations. Their charges will be as follows, viz:
Regular boarders from the lst Of May to st of October
(washing extrs) zoe per day
Regular boarders from the ls October to lst of May
(washing extra) soc per day.
Horses per day, SIC.
Transient visitor horseback buggy from 81 25 to
81 so. .-'' t'-
Servants half price, and Children Of 10 years old and
under half prcesness parents shall prefer To have them
seated and waited on at the first table.
The why ,e difference is made in the price of
boarding above stated is in consequence Of the Mineral
Weters being somewhat weakened during the wet
OF Fall and Winter Some deduction viii be made in the
bills of such as remain over month il required.
spll-Smtw&w. DEB0W HENRY.
Nashville union and American. [volume] (Nashville, Tenn.) 1853-1862, 1856-05-09

Stock Raiser and Dealer in Stock Price $780, with two
sets Of grinding rings and levers fitted to the Mill ready
for attaching the horses. These mills made for
by Mr.. 4. NJ Brennan of this city, whose well known
skill in his profession will insure the superiority Of the
workmanship whilst the purchaser will have the satsac
tou of knowing be is encouraging home manufacture.
We offer county rights for sale upon such terms will
make it nducement for of energy to engage in the
enterprise We may be found at the foundry of 7. N.
Brennan, No 81, College street. Broad, where we
shall be happy receive ORDERS and furnish such nfoa
ton upon the subject may desired Thorough BUSH
ness men wanted 10 act as agents. Address,
JAMES @. BALDWIN & CO., 8
mayl-3md&w Nashville Tennessee,
Nashville union and American. [volume] (Nashville, Tenn.) 1853-1862, 1856-05-09
E c Ii ID 8 e

THIS superior Jack will stand the present season at my
Il stable egh miles South of Nashville on the Noens-
vile Turnpike and will be let to jennets ct $25 for
and $40 for enuet colts and 70 al 80 the
PssuFsge for ennets and mares from distance gratis;
grain ted rs cents per week ALI possible care taken to
prevent accidents escapes but liability for ither
Description and Pedigree.
Eclipse will be tour years old the first of june, is
full fifteen hands and three inches high, OF hne
FORM bone muscle and action He sired BY johnson
famous jack. Lord of the Isles who was BY imported
knight Errant Eclipses DAM MAY Flower Queen was by
Ridley Old Wonder out OF + Rains old black jennet
Money Mouder) Invite my friends and all admirers
useful animal to call and view Eclipse and BIS dam
and her other progeny. JAMES RAlNS'
Nashville union and American. [volume] (Nashville, Tenn.) 1853-1862, 1856-05-09

Stopping Southampton both going and returning, they
offer passengers proceeding Havre advantages
other route for the economy time and money
Passage from New York Southa Bremen, First
Cabin Saloon, 100 dollars; First Cab Lower Saloon ITO
dollars; Second do. 60 dollars.
All letters and newspapers must pass through the Post Of
fee. .. -..t
bills of lading will be signed parcels the
day Of sailing, rs-- @ r.rff :.
An experienced Surgeon is attached to each ship.
For freight or passage apply 10 Lf-, =. r1-
C. H. SAND, IL South William street, New York. ;
C. A. HEINEKEN & CO., Bremen, -- ---.-'
CRoSKBY & CO., Southampton. -. ,...--. .
WIN. lSRLIN, Havre, ianQ3-Iy
Nashville union and American. [volume] (Nashville, Tenn.) 1853-1862, 1856-05-09
RAGs-S55O IN PREMIUMS.

TTAVING largely increased my supply Of Rags by the
III premiums offered the past year ending June 80. /
am induced to offer larger amount Of premiums for the
present year. And will pay the above premium in sums
oslOO 500 $50 $o $50 $50 s4O $780, $40 and slo to any
ten merchants, or 'Pedars"-who will deliver me, from
this date to the lst July 1885, the largest amount OF
RAGS The be bought outside of and by men do
ing business outside of Nashville or vicinity.
will at all times pay the highest market prices Id cash
for RAGS on delivery and issue certificate to the owner
of the amount received and paid for These certificates
be kept and sent in or before the LIST day OF
next SO that three disnteresed merchants of Nashville
can make the awards. The largest amount being entitled
10 the $lOO the next largest to $780, and on down.
Merchants sending me rags will please write that may
know in whose name to issue the certificate. Combination.
will not be allowed.
Wooden, Lusey Silk and WorSed rags not wanted,
and will not be included in the above,
earnestly solicit greater attention to saving and buying
Rags thruug ghOut Middle Tenn.
July4-1ydtriw&w W: B. WHiTEMAN.
North nf Snuara
Nashville union and American. [volume] (Nashville, Tenn.) 1853-1862, 1856-05-09
Pennsylvania RAILROAD.

THREE Daily Through Trains, between Philadelphi.
Il and Pittsburg. THE MORNING NAIL TRAIN
leaves Philadephs fer Pittsburg 7 A NJ and Pits
burg for Phiadelpha at 7, A. n. THE FAST LINE
for Philadelphia at l. P. NJ. THE NIGHT EXPRESS
TRAIN leaves Philadelphia for Ptburg at IL p n and
Pittsburg for Philadelphia at TO- PM
The sooTe lines connect at Pttsburg with the Railroads
70 and from St. Louis Mo-; Alton. Gaens and Chicaoo.
III; Frankfort Lexington, and Louisville KY; Terra
Haute Madison, Lafayette and Indianapolis Ind Cincn-
natl Dayton Springfield BelefOntaine Ssndusky Toledo
Cleveland Columbus, Zanesvile Aassilon and Wooster
Ohio; also with the Steam Packet Boats from snd 10 New
Orleans. st. Louis, Louisville and Cincinnati
Through Tickets be had 10 or from either of the
above places
For further particulars Handb. at the didsrsut
starting points Passengers from the West viii find this
the shortest and most exped ous route to PHILADELPHIA
Baltimore, New York or Bostoa
THOS. MOORE, AGENT Passsuqsr Lines PksLada
J. MESKIMEN, AGKST, Passenger Lines, Pstss5awG
Philadelphia, 1s56-jans-ly
Nashville union and American. [volume] (Nashville, Tenn.) 1853-1862, 1856-05-09
STEAMERS
NEW YORK, BREMEN & soUTHAMpro
UNITED STATES MAIL STEAMERS.

THE ships comprisngth this line are WASH E@EM
LNGToN. Capt. Z. CaVendy; HER. <N$S
MANN, Capt Edward HigginsH These stea- S5E<E
mers stop Southampton, both going gand returning
o. sAILIHa-I85S ~