The daily union. [volume] (Washington [D.C.]) 1845-1857, 1856-01-03

transfer their convention with the words which they Dor
rowed the meaning which had previously been attached 10
those words ~ the Documents from which they extracted
them and reference 10 such documents win az once show
that Mr. Lawrence while be asked her Majestys govern
ment whether il meant 20 occupy fory colombo or as
sumo or exercise dominion over Mosquito did not aude
the proteetorate OF Great Britain ntry and
that Lord Palmerston Ia declaring that her Maesy
did not intend 10 do any Of these things expressly
le the question concerning the political etue
Great Britain and the Mosquitoes untouched
50 much for the spirit which presided the
ton of 1850
With regard to the literal meaning this treaty declares
10 words that the two parties viii occupy forth
IT, colonize nor exercise any dominion over
Nicaragua Costs Ric tile Mosquito coast nor ANY part
Central America ana that neither party will make use
OF any protection which either affords OF may afford
any alliance which either has may have with any State
or people for the purpose of occupying foring colo
nihng Nicaragua Costa Rioa the Mosquito coast or any
part OF central America or Of assuming exercising do
minion the same.
Mr. buchanan says with regard that portion OF the
foregoing sentence which restricts the use which Great
Britain the United States might make Of any protection
which either might afford any State people IL has
een said that this article OF the convention Acknowledges
by imcaton the proecorate OF Great Britain over Mos
quito Now her MajeStys government does not pretend
that in this article the United States acknowledges the
Aforesaid protecorate Of Great Britain in Mosquito IL
that o Of s nspoao @sr % OBTAIN nSrec @
which was not asked for openy but III evident that this
article clearly acknowledges the possibility Of Great
qaito amy Central American State and that the in
tenon OF the parties not 10 prohibit abolish, but 10
limit and restrict such proecorae But snpposing all mem
ton OF protection in the treaty had been omitted and that
the question al Issue merely rested the words coonze
ortiy occupy and exercise dominion over Is
there any of these terms which excludes the right Of
protection, although each Of them limits It's capabiiy
Defending protecting is temporary act Of friendship
occupying colonizng oriifyng acquiring sovereignty
are acts which have permanent result
II has never been held that neutral territories king
dons which other Kingdoms prohibited by treaty
from acquiring dominion which other Kingdoms cannot
coonize occupy ortfy may be defended by such
kingdoms at the desire and request of the neutral State al
though il would doubtless be necessary for nation
dertang such defence TO declare formally and promise
clearly that Il would not turn this transory and allow
able act into one OF continuous nature which engage
ments had prohibited.
No will maintain that the bar colonization for
tfying is bar TO all protection will assert that
to afford protection State and establish dominion
il necessarily the thing will
tend that to send naval military force for the purpose
OF eypelling from the territory of ally of
Furnishing his antagonist to hold occupy the territory
Of that ally or OF his enemy,
Were this the of the word inserted in the treaty
OF 1850 as that word is equally applied to all Central
America well 10 Mosquito il would have far wider
Specification than her Maesys government contemplated
or than the United States would IN all proba
blity admit for in such neither Great Britain
the Uned States could in any circumstance employ force
naval or military, against any Central American State
however great or just the prorocaton they might
ceiye.
The citizens Of the United States for instance might on
their way from California 10 Washington be arrested and
confined any suspicion preex and the demands of
the United States for their release refused But is Tito be
argued that under such circumstances the United States
could not send armed force into Nicaragua to compel
the release of the citizens from California and chastise
those who had unJustly incarcerated them? The United
States government however would be bound 10 state the
object IL had in view sending force into Nicaragua II
would be bound declare that 1t did colo
nze or occupy establish its sovereignty over Mica
ragua, and by adhering 10 this pledge It's treaty obga
tons would be fulfilled. But surely this dispute the
/ l.
have arisen with respect TO the treaty Of 1850 The very
object and nature OF that treaty ought to manifest that
protection not equivalent to occupation sovereignty
and that does not OF necessity imply the acquisition OF
exclusive advantages 10 the parties protecting give
those parties exclusive control over that which s pro-
ected. Il f#
Great Britain and the United States by the sad treaty
bind themselves protect certain canals railways which
may be formed through various independent States Great
Britain and the United States do by this protection
acquire any right Of sovereignty or occupation
such canals railways whilst they carefully exclude
themselves from having any exclusive control them
and fiom deriving from them any exclusive privileges
IL is surely unnecessary further 10 discuss the
construction of the treaty with reference to the pro-
lection OF Mosquito. That her Majesgs government
merely expresses that view Of the treaty whch il
tertaned and which il had understood that the govern
ment Of the United States entertained when the treaty
concluded evident from the fact that within little
than month after the treaty Of lS5O had been ratified
her Mssy minister at Washington entered into further
negotiations with the government Of the United States rel
alive 10 the position OF Mosquito interpreting the treaty
l.
nothing extraordinary unnatural unfair in the in
depreciation thus given to the treaty by her Majy gov
enmen equally evident from the fact that such inter
probation at accepted by the Secretary of State
Mr. Webster than whom statesman AT that time living
whether in Europe America fitted compre-
bend the spirit sa the wording Of any international
obligation; and that her Majesty government
that time, and not animated by any such object
that Of obtaining any peculiar influence the
river San Juan the canal that may be formed from lie
waters likewise demonstrated by the circumstance
worth noting that the object which Great Britain had In
view In pursuing these further negotiations with the Uu
ted States that OF Withdrawing her protection from
the very town called Greytown San Juan dc Nicaragua
and the adjoining territory and Of placing the
bands of Central American State conditions In
wise beneficial 10 herself only beneficial in far such
conditions tended maintain state OF peace and
qaiy in that part Of the world which they related
and 10 preserve the Mosquitoes in territory bordering that
which YVES to be ceded noHensve Of neutrality
and security :.
Indeed, when her Majesty minister in conversation
which took place about the end Of July 1851 on this sub
Jet agreed the part Of the British government 10 as
sign Grey town 10 Nicaragua upon her coming 10 fair
settlement with Costa ca 10 Of he points Of
tenton between them, and upon her agreeing leave
the Mosquito people unmoested within certain portions
OF the territory which they occupy and hich
The Spanish dominion never otherwise than nomnay e1-
tended. Mr. Webster whilst observing that the United
States bad direct interest in question concerning
Nicaragua and Mosquito except respected the
ton Of canal and its free navigation and that consequent
B be did not wish to take active part any negoia-
tons extending beyond these limits added addressing him
sell 20 the Acaagnan minister who present that he
considered the offer made by the British minister one
winch the Mcarsg yuan government might consider fair
basis for arrangement and her Maestys government
mad k,lt,f L. a.