The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1856-01-17

labor enters immediately INFO every department and
branch OF our industry. From England and France
artizans whose skiu and experience enable to
pete successfully with the manufactures and workshops
| Of ths Old World. Northern Europe supplies with
thrifty and industrious tiers Of the soil Ireland
sends laborers without whose bone and snsw our
country would not now rejoice II does in canal
navigation and more miles Of railroad than have been
constructed by any other nation. To emigration
largely indebted TOT the early settlement the rapid de-
snS citizens ns D Sas Of the Western
individual prosperity springs from the manual labor Of
emigants, reflected how indispensable are their
cous to "psss Laws to prevent population OF these
States to obstruc the laws for the Of
foreigners and to refuse TO pass others to encourage
Inpursuance Of Law Of the last legislature the Com
Dot OF ali emgrants arriving at tho port OF New York
Though encountsrng persevering opposition from classes
interested for series Of in sxsortions
and frauds alike oppressive and unjust to emigrants and
dscreditabe State, the Commissioners sustained
by the city authorities and the courts working
templa.ed. The Garden affords ample commodious and
and grateful shelter and protection to the tens Of thou
sands OF strangers heretofore cast upon the open whaves
to be preyed upon by rapacous runners bookers and
others, who the successful BY OF speak
ing the languages and claiming to be the countrymen
and friends OF The emigrants.
The different railroad and steamboat companies supply
tickets to eigrants within the Garden at their regular
and pubshed rates Of fare Information either
to guide facilitate their pronote their inte
res,s is furnished by the Commissioners their
trends remittances on their arrival find temporary
home in the Garden assisted to their destination.
The favorable and peculiar advantages Of Caste
Garden have fortunately enabled the Commissioners to
perfect their arrangements for the protection of emf
grants and it is justly regarded az wise and enlarged
measure OF economy and humanity.
QUARANTINE.
TIE prevalence of fearful epidemic during the past
summer and autumn. in the cities of Portsmouth and
Norfolk in Virginia, filed the public mind With Sadness
and excited serious approximations that in its progress
the scourRe might reach our own commercial emporium
Happily these apprehensons were not realized yet
opinion has been expressed by eminent medical authors
Mn ns nhsr sO aus
ever value may be attached to this opinion all will
cur in the importance Of vgantly guarding the public
If the authorities already clothed With powers
to this end ample ones should be conferred
terest tor on that all others ultimately dependant.
'1he pecuniary loss sustained in hundred years by
quarantine restrictions upon could not equal
the ruin and desolaions of single year OF pestence."
The expenses imposed upon commerce by strict
orcement Of quarantine laws greatly enhanced
by the dapdated condition OF the structures erected by
the federal government upon the quarantine grounds
These structures must be thoroughly aired before
they viii be suitable for the storage Of infected cargoes
while under quarantine. The administration of the
venue laws OF Congress so as not to interfere with
quarantine regulations cannot be secured unless these
repairs made. therefore submit to your c0nsidera
ton the propriety ofnstructing Senator's and
questing aves in Congress- to procure
appropriation tor this purpose.
AGRICULTURE.
The Legislature Of 1853 granted charter for agri
cultural college to be connected with experimental
falm Applications will be made to you to aid the
treasury The great value TOT State Of intelligent agri
culture and the Importance Of improving knowledge
and practice Of this most dgnfed art with the aids Of
modern science applicable to 1t, induce me to
mend you to grant that application, and with liberal
The dimnuton of the cost Of raising the food of the
people OF this State and the increase Of the productive
ness Of its farms upon which it is
necessary to dwell. Economical farming in New York
seems to require governmental aid in making know
ledge OF chemistry as applied to agriculture cheapy
cesslDle TO all who till the SOIL Arbitrary governments
nj ariz
knowledge Republican New York surely can afford to
DO
The salt manufacture at Syracuse during the past year
has been prosperous The number of bushels inspected
dred and fifty thousand bushels the year 1854 New
works being added at the sanes to the increas
IDENTIFY anticipated that the product of the coming year
will reach nearly millions Of bushels. The
bushel on this amount win be amply sufficient to sup
port and extend the works belonging to the State at these
springs.
The reports of the Adjutant General and Inspector
General show gratifying Improvement in the spirit and
law Of 1847 has fully accomplished its objects Of securing
to the State the services Of small but effective military
force and relieving the great body of those liable MI
litary duty from indirect tax which was the more
burdensone, because productive Of useful results
officers and the Commsssry General the sale of the New
York Arsenal and the adjacent Land belonging the
State This property is situated the Firth and sixth
Ten acres which also Is located powder magazine.
They form Of the Central park and the sale win
probably be required to enable the citizens OF New York
to derive the advantages from the park they entitled
to expect.
The continuance of the arsenal there and particularly
the powder magazine win stand in the way Of necessary
improvements. The Commissary General estimates that
more than quarter Of million Of dollars would be
realized from the sale which it is proposed to appro
pirate in part to the erection Of armory in the city of
New York. the purchase of the United States arsenal
Rome; the erection Of arsenal at Buffalo, and the
Improvement of the at Albany; leaving after such
expenditure, about hundred thousand dollars to be
The in possession OF the First division wialways
be amply sufficient for the ordinary and defence of
the State at Albany Rome and Buffalo, will lessen
the expense of distribution and also the time required
therefor IL moreover advisable that the Commissa
~ Generals Office should be at Albany that all the
arms and equipments used by the mill owned and
distributed by the State
The criminal laws OF our State need amendments and
additions to suppress old abuses and meet offences
The extension OF the principle OF association led
frequent frauds in the organization OF corporations
These offences should be summaIily dealt With, parcu
larry those of fraudulent companies to insure against
loss by fire. They infct wide spread injury New safe
guards to be needed Tor the faithful administration
Of corporate trusts Criminal peadings could be sim
pifed with great advantage to justice.
The mischievcus distinction between grand and petit
larceny might pro6tably be abolished aud punishents
for theft be graduated in all to the crinaty of
the offender The right of perempory challenge accorded
to the prisoner trial has been enlarged BY
ton to hurtful limit The people without protec-
by the right of challenge against the introduction
Of the friends Of criminals upon petit iures. An in
creasipg Inconvenience is experienced from the working
of the rule, which practically excludes from the panel
TO try for crime all persons who have read newspaper
accounts of it.
The laws regulating grand jures might be amended
with advantage In many their action through the
malice and asehood of informers is unjust and agges
-ive. The evidence upon which bills of indictment
found Is frequently insufficient. great injury is done
good government by the delay bringing criminals
itsl and the facility with which the postponement of
criminal causes is effected The evils have summary
referred to worthy Of the careful attention OF the Le
gsisture.
COURTS.
In the present constitution of courts Of law the
poor man is often practically debarred hearing OF his
Just claims from his inability pay the charges Incl
dent TO their prosecution. As a remedy for this evil
would suggest the establishment in all our cities of
of limited Jurisdiction take cognizance ofclams
ranging from u to So and by the simplest and most