The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1856-01-13

fiery youth, but has no claim to craftsmanship, and
scarcely to respect.
To give you an instance Of the liberty Of the press
ment, quote from paper called hGliG Popoio
OtaH and the People) Of the 9Th December, now
before 1t treats the question Of the future Of
Italy in manner completely to exclude savoy and and
Swiss confederation (where the King would. of
course, be functUs C0ici0), then reminds the King
that he too is q stranger in Italy, and can only
dictate law as domestic tyrant:"-
1T is said that constitutional Piedmont might aid
the other Italian provinces to achieve their indie
pendence, and to chase away the stranger. This
Is soap bubble, such as Alphonse Kar speaks Of,
but no serious argument.
"Who is the stranger whom we must chase from
Italy? Is it he of Modena, OF Florence of Venice,
Of Chambery, of Naples, or the cOsmopolite Of
Rome? What is the meaning Of a stranger IN
ItayY Don't let us make this question Of citizen
ship, or Of BIRTH for all have staid long enough in
Italy to be considered Italians. Don't let US make
it q question Of language, for the Lords OF Milan
speak Italian, as those Of Turin and at the Paazzo
Pitt lin Florence) better Italian is spoken than
at the CASTILLO (the Kings palace at Turin).
Perhaps the Austrian Lord is the stranger
because he possesses Vienna and other provinces
not Itafian2 And yet lit seems that the Savoyard
dynasty possessed Chambery, and tina, there Is up
y 1.-THE nationality of Italian dynasties
depends on their estates and armies being exclu-
sively Italian that Of Turin has less right than that
of Naples. II it depends relationship, who more
than that Of Savoy is connected with the House Of
Hapsburg? The Lord Of Naples was never an i'm
perfal servant. Ali the dynastes into
which Italy is divided are the work OF foreign con-
quest they established themselves by conquest and
maintained themselves by it. The French and
Spanish tyranny has good right to be called
domestic; because it became nati0nalized with the
conquest OF the national union. In Italy monarchy
has not only been incapable of establishing union,
but it has always been opposed to it, and has i'm
peded its foundation, because the Italian union
would put on end to the dominion of the stranger.
Thus y ranny has never become domestic tyranny in
Italy-it remained the tyranny Of the stranger.
If it be objected that we are too severe in our judg
ment on the ruling family it will suffice to quote
few of its most illustrious names which by its par
tisans are especially claimed as Italians. Thomas
Philbert and Eugene of Savoy, were generals i'll
Austrian pay"
These few extracts of the leading Mazzini paper
in Genoa will suffice to give you an idea of the scope
Of his partiza, One would suppose that it was an
Italian Know Nothing sheet, instgating the people
to prescribe the foreign dynasty which, sobery con-
Edered, is the only one worth button in all Italy.
But the best comment to this childish violence, and
at the same time the best defence Of the King,
is the fact that such things may be printed and
publicly sold here in Genoa by newsboys-charac
tiers whom had not known since left New York
without either disturbing the public peace or dim
the people Of Sardinia throw away what they have
got they will look to what they are likely to receive
am one Of the last men to despair of q
faculties, and believe especially in the capacity Of
the Italians to live under respectable government,
a unted-nay, more. great nation. peo-
pie. with such language, such a literature,
taste for the sublime and beautiful in poe
try, in story, and in the arts, cannot
lack the elements Of regeneration. But with
my best wishes and my highest regard for Italy, !
democratic power here or in other cities of Italy
and have been here before, and have sojourned in
"the garden of the w0rld"-as would justify the
hope that the union Of Italy can be established by
is not necessary to the success of that union but
that by ITSELF it is not strong enough to accomplish
its ends. Ssmondi has very properly said that the
Italians have always been able to master their own
tyants but there are other tyrants, not Italians,
whom they have not been able to master, because
they we're no match for the physical power brought
to bear against them. The democratic element in
Italy, though devoted and patriotic, IS not strong
enough to cope with the aristocratlc elements and
the foreign despots at the same time, leagued a
both are with the power Of the church within Ari .
tocracies have always first been broken down by u
single ruler, before civil rights could be guaranteed
the people. Philip the Handsome, Louis the
Eleventh and Cardinal Richelieu had first to establish
the unity of France and break down the power OF the
mobiles before the revolution OF 1859 could do ts work
and the British commonwealth would have been a
mere ideal conception, without the levellng work OF
Henry the Seventh. Italy, as far as its national!
union is concerned is at this moment not better OFT
than at the close of the fifteenth century, when
Macchiavelli wrote his Principe" At that time
the Medici" were fully looked to as the only ami-
1y that might successfully undertake the task Of
breaking down the municipal aristocracics Of the
cities and unite the different Sites into powerful
empire. Such task cannot now reasonably de.
volve on the lord of Tuscany nor can it be expected
FRI IN Naples. What, them is left to build the hope
of national union upon il not Sardinia, with It's
liberal institutions, and its brave army of sturdy
mountaineers? Even now liberal institutions could
not be maintained in Sardinia herself against the
aristocracy and the clergy, but for the firm will OF
the King and the honest and good men with whom
he has surrounded his throne. There are men who.
like Mazzini, believe il political nosrums, applicable
to all countries in all ages and conditions. believe
in specific remedies for specific cases.
The King of Sardinia has met with a splendid
ception in Paris and London, and the people of Sar
DINA feel that the honor reflects also upon the
ton. There is however, feeling here, as in Paris
and London, that the war is drawing to o close and
a desire that it may not be deceptive. believe my
advices as regards the peace movement in Vienna,
Berlin and st. Petersburg have reached the HERALD
before they found their way to the London press
and that, though mere traveller, my information
has been quite as correct as any you might have
ceivtd through official sources
The war bubble between the United States and
Great Britain las already blown No sen
sibe man on this side of the water believed in the
sincerity of the administration at Washington, %,
frightened by the bullying letters OF Mr.. Alto
ney General Cushing If, leading Europe ~
paper has lately expressed it, the Lord has tae.l
that the tees do not grow up into heaven He has
also had care not to allow shrubs to grow into
trees.
The Italian papers have Just published the text of
the treaty concluded by Mr.. Robert Dale Owen 81
behalf OF the United States with the government
(such az it is) of the Two Scilies The gst of the
treaty is that free ships shall make free goods.
4. 4. j.
Our Pisa Correspondence.
PISA, Dec. 10, 1855.
Political History Of Tuscany It's Present Condition
that Of an Advanced austrian Posi- IN Hal,t-- Tie
Press in Tuscany as Compared nth taat Of .Sa,-