New-York daily tribune., 1856-03-21
TuE CONGRRss OF VIENNA.

The Peace Conferences ut Paris msy easily turn
into general Congress of the rulers and arbiters
of European nations The aim Of such Congress
would be to frame what is called a new basis for
international or public law, thus indorsog
officially many changes already accomplished by
events, and modifying many decisions of the cele-
brated Congress Of Vienna, which for f'rty-two
years has overruled the politics of Europe. As
matter, therefore, germane to present European
diplomacy we offer our readers succinct bstori-
cal outline of the events and treaties which
rapidly preceded and gave birth to that Congress.
The disastrous campaign of 1912 destroyed the
unity of nearly all Europe, as held in the iron grasp
OF Napoleon, and welded against Russia Nations
and Governments then perceived the hour of their
emancipation approaching, and began to act freely
to write and to conclude treaties aud conven-
tioDs against the common imperial oppressor. First
among these new diplomatic manifestations was the
treaty of Kalsb, town in Poland, concluded on
the Goth of February, 1913, between Russia and
Prussia In the course of the war, then transposed
to Germany, Austria turned against Napoleon, and
on the 9th of September of the same year she con-
cluded an alliance with the two frst-named pow
sr at Teplitz in Bohemia. The more fortune
turned from NarGieOn the more quickly the second
rate powers Joined against him, each of them mark
ing their common junction by special official act
OF convention with one or with oil Of the three
principal allies. Finally, in pursuit Of Napoleon
the Rhine was crossed, France invaded, and agsin
new treaty of alliance was made at Chaumont on
the 1st Of March, 1914, to which England accedea.
This treaty speaks in general terms of the bad faith
and of the Unsuitable ambition of the French Gov
erDment, without, however, specially mentioning
the name Of Napoleon. It's avOwed aim was the
restoration of the equilibrium Of Europe, disturbed
and overthrown by France. 1t stipulated the num-
Der of troops to be maintained in the pursuit of the
war against the common enemy, the amount OF
subsidies to be paid by England the mutual offensive
and defensive obligations, and finally that not one of
the Allies should separately conclude any treaty
armistice or convention with the common foe. This
treaty was obligatory for the lapse of twenty years
In the same month of March conferences took place
at Cbatillon between the Allies and Napoleon, re-
presented by Caulincourt, Duke of Vicenzia. These
were soon broken off, and on the 25th of March
the Allies issued q declaration from VItri, also
directed against the grasping and reckless spirit
of the French Government In all these acts
they sought TO draw a distinction between the
nation and its ruler. Finally, Napoleon fell. By
the Treaty of Paris of the 9th of April, 1914,
between Austria, Russia, Prussia and En-
gland on the one hand, and Napoleon on
the other, he forever for himself and for
all his successors and descendants, as well as
fer every member of his family, resigned all rights
and claims of sovereignty and domination over the
French empire. the Kingdom Of Italy, or any other
country. The Island of Elba was assigned to him.
and other stipuls,ious were made toT yagiOus menu