New-York daily tribune. [volume] (New-York [N.Y.]) 1842-1866, 1856-09-16

oct aarbon. or only very small qnan.'. o,s us
NOV must be- run out. otherwise ,e 90 Lrd h
re cool tho metal and make II SCI uuu WV
su woulu 49,, I, NAV be run out into molts OF any
so, sbape: but the most advantageous l" n;, has
sse - snd narrow mold as then thc s'ag ~u WI. ~.
rot been already remo' &c bs converting vessel lies in
Che hoc AZ W.. b ton Of the casting and is easily taken
ri by pair OF shears; nrncipal feature in tho
VII !; hst the operator deals win I'e ',s,a' y,
process 10 m" an;d;tva desderatum hitherto unat
~ 80 IL y, Oh mon containing only sman 9u"y VI
Io tI"cc /, can no, merely be procurcu IN ne 20
ofsny size whereas the pndder can my
~ lbs IN mT snJsit will be perfectly homogeneous
onnosition and quality will DO the same
throughout every part of the mass. Inn, IN. n
80 The carbon is shown by the fact that II If
80 J;r.he to diminish the power Of the blast from
g 10 pounds 10 about pounds during the latter part
The nroces,. as well as by the rapidy with which
h,cness. II s impossible to overrae the advantage
~ having n really homogeneous product. In large
ssses Of malloable iron, procured in the ordinary way
nv welding together number OF the puddlers blooms,
,ier often occur small knobs and fragments OF metal
mach harder than the rest; and many manufacturers
consider soft maeable iron quite az trying 10 the'r
fools as hard steel from the unexpected increase OF re-
ssanoc suddenly offered by particular parts OF the
mas and the consequent unequal strain upon dlfer
mt portions of the machinery. The greater the mass
required the greater the difficulty of obtaining metal
upon all parts Of which equal reliance can be placed
and hence, where very heavy strain IN direction
different from that Of the fiber Is expected, strength is
often obliged TO be sought in an enormous thickness OF
material. The prodigious weight of anchors is rem
fiered necessary by the inpossibity of calculating az
sorately the strength OF the metal in any particular
mart so that the size of the whole must he increased to
meet the chance Of bad piece Of metal occurring here
and there. One Of Mr. Bessemers numerous patents Is
for the application of his invention to the construction
Of anchors in which he hopes To attain equal strength
" n greatly diminished weight
II hardly necessary 10 point out the enormous saw
ing in labor and ne effected by the new process esPe-
s,ally in the manufacture of steel. Mr. Bessemer ne,
lievcs that steel such is worth from t3oto too
n fun may be produced nj cost to the manufacturer
sf less than fI0 TIM. In the manufacture OF malea-
BILE IRON. aso, the saving WI DC very TGs great ns
az the results Of the invention will be the curious
s,omsy that steel will be produced at little less risk
and therefore at little less cost than malleaole
mace JorC the complete combustion Of the carbon has
taken place. steel will be produced instead OF iron.
Practice and experience WILL no Doubt IN time enable
sho workman so to regulate the operation to pro-
suce to nicely any particular quality of iron or steel
reourcd but until this practical knowledge has been
slped there will be difficulty in calculating the
exact length Of time to be occupied in the conversion.
II therefore the process should be continued little
Too long for steel malleable iron will be obainedifit
be continued little too long for maeabe iron, the
metal will be set in the furnace. The boil appears
10 be the critical peiod. Whatever be the time
Cuped in arriving at the boil it is found that from
twelve to fifteen minutes requisite to produce NAL
Ieable iron and from to twelve minutes to pro-
duce the different qualities of steel.
How efectuay the carbon can be removed Is shown
Iy an analysis Of chance specimen of Mr.. Bessemers
rnalleabe iron, made by DIR. Henry, who, believe,
was strongly inclined to doubt whether the process
could really be successful it was stated to be.
He found the quantity of carbon prese,. to he less than
10th per cent-Or less than 1-3O00th part of the
weight Of the metal. OF silica trace merely was |
found. I,y the application of means already, well !
Al u -. .-.H l.
completely removed. A considerable portion of both
Is driven of without the of any means for that |
special object and by treating the melted metal with
proper substances these impurities will be withdrawn
The difficulty which Mr.. Bessemer has applied him. |
self to solve and which he has solved is the complete
separation of carbon and the earthly bases Apart from
The cheapness and facility of his process he has been
able successfully to gappe with the half per cent of
carbon which pudding can never get rid Of
The process as described above, is open to /
SERIOUS objection. The blast must be kept up to the
last the melted metal would into the tuyeres,
and spoil the blast apparatus. Hence the air is |
being driven through the metal up TO the very moment
fhat it ceases TO out of the vessel and the ingots
produced are consequently very porous and full OF air
ance it would always be rolled while in state not
for from fusion, and the air would be completely |
squeezed out as the Stag is squeezed ont of the pud.
died BAN. But cast steel would be useless if porousa
difficulty which is met by an ingenious modification of
ahe converting vessel 1t is sung horizontally at the
end Of two cranks, which by of a counerbai-
ancng weight can easily by turned through any angle
The blast Is admitted by pipe passing through the axle
Of Of the cranks and thus revolving with the
verng vessel The tuyeres enter the converting
Eel by series Of apertures forming horizontal row.
The cylinder Thus be made to revolve round the
axis of the crank without turning upon any axis of its
own; and thus the apertures of the tuyeres may be
raised till they brought above the surface of the
metal The blast then be turned off and the agi
taon of the metal allowed to snbsde. Iron melted by
Existing processes sets in about three four minutes
but MI Bessener finds that he allow to stand for
ten or twelve minues-a period quite sufficient 10 al
Row all the arbubbles TO escape-and the cylinder may
then be raised still further and the metal poured of as
gently may be requisite, through spout at the top
produced admits of no doubt. fragment broken off
nom an ingot cast when we saw the experiment, was
compared with fragment broken off from the end of
D file 1t was harder and far finer in the grain.
The experiment in question was conducted with six
o. seven hundred weight of Yorkshire iron of q COM
mon quality. An ingot Of six hundred weight was
Jr duced in one piece in about - minutes. There
will be difficulty in producing masses of any size or
shane The size oil the converting vessel and the |
number of tuyeres may be increased to any requisite
extent The blast need not be increased in strength, |
rs it will only be necessary to enlarge the OF the
oor OF the vessel go that the iron may not rise to
l3 or cent but of This considerable quantity might
be- recovered, the Stag blown out during the boil
aims about so per cent of ron in the shape OF little
gobu e. like shot, set in the slag. Ii is extremely
orous and crumbes to the touch so that might be
broken up aud the iron separated by washing with
little difficulty and labor. In the ordinary pudding
process iom TO % per cent is lost and in the Gaia
Ian and COrscan processes, not only Ii weight OF
charcoal consumed from three TO times that of
thc iron produced but 53hs or about 80 per cent of
the metal sacrificed TO secure the purity Of the re-
Inander.
Mr. Nasmyth tried some years ago to decarburze |
Cas iron by blowing steam into the melted metal This
attempt failed as the separation of the oxygen from
4bno oil HAT ~