New-York daily tribune. [volume] (New-York [N.Y.]) 1842-1866, 1856-08-22

sDYr co,Iv ont his designs OF exploration. No hight
vas yis,ble fom re caer OF hauna Loa ana .le
lu,id Heht which from lilo met his eyes N ens ~
ron cane from the remains OF burning forests ana tree'
IN eup,ion had ceased week befre though oy
CIV clouds Of smok- and steam .tll rose ACCOM-
n,ned by the Rev NJ. Coan be visited tbe extremity
Of the lava stream, WI. IN the MIDST OF 'e9I 49,
about PIX miles from the sore OF the Island he iouhI
The back steam about goo yards wide, and every
.cn Of vegetation destroyed upon i's
course 60 far a. eye could see, save here ana
t,ere huge tree whose leaves were scared
and falling. On coming to point ~her-
Mr. Coon had seen the week before tie current run
rirg and passing slowly over cliff % feet h,ch, and
fs into tie bed Of iivuet, they found II At the
had advanced about 500 iaFtaer 'toppng 10 the bed
Of the stream. Here the surface lad caved, and the
uLculatops of the liquid lava beLesth exhibited to his
eye all tbose phenomena on email scale which
large scale are witnessed IN earthquakes volcanic
eruptiols, in the for-Hation Of complete and incJm
pt- cra'ers the uplifting of .lands, mountains and
tintn Its, the dyDamca forces producing which hsve
| r.ver been exp aineo nor understood. He found
the surface very iueguar full of little bills, valleys,
plains aro Slopes, broken by is'ures OF different extent
| and Cepth. The noises and olIDgs beneath his
feet a. be stood upon places which had become cool
abd solic caused by the confinement, accunula-
| ton AID tension Of the molten current OF lava below
Tie upward PRESSURE was peculiarly striking ana a. u
r.bed huge rocks which hosted upon the surface, II
se.med 10 him that some omn potent agent vas a, Work
below, siLst whose poser gravity had no force Inc
whole solid surface fosted Ike cork upon water, ana
|
suIface Of the globe ID similar state Of equilibrium
| on a fluid nucleus subject 70 motions arising from
causes remote aid laws not yet discovered Waen the
procure Of the liquid lava nsde an outlet tor its pas
cage by tlltng UP large rock, he was reminded OF
the force eIerted n eevatug the Cost OF Greenland
| The rock would rise by an amoet mperceptble motion
at end, while the o.ber would as gradually sink.
Motions Ike those of earthquakes, the formation OF
ridges AID eltvaiOGs ike those of mountain chains
the opening OF fssures ike cuts and chssnls among
| the nj untains--al these noticeable on
small scale. These observations the basis
| If subsequent ones upon the mountains, val
! that the uplifting agency va everywhere apparent
The resuli of DR. Win-lows observa ions was TO con-
vii ce HIM that molten rock in motion was the dynam-
icsl agercy by which earthquakes and all movements
OF N. esitb's cIu-, were caused The observations
of Messrr. Bates judd Coan, and others, upon the
crater Of Kisna during lie eIuptions, extending over
orally current of lava at such periods flows from
| Mauns LA TO ksDa, and in south-easterly drec-
ton corresponding With that of the position of the
various sanes of that group. AL agree that there IS
q soft of tidal motion in that direction French
savaDt s Of opinion that the cause of earthquakes
volcanic eruptiors and similar phenomena is TO be
sought in the action of the moon. DR.. WInslow at
tributes them to tue acton of the sun, each supporting
Lis theory the ground that these phenomena OccuI
frequently al periods when the respective bodies
are Leaies. the earth. In our Winter, since
the sun 10 in one OF the foci of the esIths
elliptic orbit, the earth il three millions miles
n. arei the sun than in Summer and the point TO be
dtern med is whether, during that period, volcanic
eIupons aid earthquakes are more frequent. great
number OF cases, from different parts OF the earth's
surface, brou. h forward, and the result Of the
COMPARISON is that the lumber very much greater At
PetIopaulowski, in Ksmt-chatka, the volcano mach
more active in Winter, and on the lsle of Bourbon,
Dec, IL and January the venting time of the
vo,auo there. These, ard many other examples, tend
to show that there increased pressure Of the mol
ten interior upon the earths crest during the Winter
nobth-in other words that this mater IS active in
| mont
Motion in underl> ing huo, exerting pressure 10 al
OirecilUIs must necessarily exert an influence upon
| bOGies superintendent nj upon 1.-THE molten mass az
the EARTH center must make itself felt in lie motions
| upon tb. fostiDg crust OF the earth.
| Mr.. NIssLow con nued his theory of volcanic
eiuptioIs by paper on Nocsnoas. commencing with
| biz bservafions of broken cratsn " the Sand Eich
IsaLd volcanoes. He bad seen two craters broken,
| both on the Southern line with conduts perfect
a. iron aqueducts Leading southwark until they dis
| appeared through the superincumbeDt lava. n was
neray supposed, ffom the frequent observation of
an eruption at point on volcanic mountain, while
another crater, thousands of feet lower, quescent
that rupions produced by lava forced up from
the central fires in condus nearly perpendicular. His
Osefvaors had led him TO believe that these cOnduts
were Lesry horizontal than perpendicular, aud
be attributed earthquakes 10 the rupture OF thsse con-
quits. Observers had assured him that az erupons OF
Klaues lava had been seen running 10 coudults from
twenty 70 forty miles al hour
NJ VAuGHS spoke of tie westward DETECTION of
lava ri ing through the earth on account of s less
rapid rotation than that OF the superior through
VII cb il sing. This il well known, rendered
the west III decbvity Of mountains sleeper than the
eastern be thought il might have some influence
the rufb lava i'll condus inclined in easterly and
westerly direction.
A GEs1LEMAs whose name was not mentioned said
thbt volcanic euptons in the Sandwich Islands were
nOet frequent JOut o'clock.
Hr. 4. GAviT exhibited vase of young gar
pikes from Lake Ontario; little felOws from four to
tix chez loIg, with very long noses and hungry ap
pearaI ce geuersly.
Prof AGAssIz said that if II were announced that
of the old Egyptians outside, be should not
be able TO keep his hearers Inside Thla appartion of
tie Oldest fashioned fish alive wa- hardly less striking
There very few types of this kind to be found
amor living fishes, but there many among fo-
s'lr, II bad Whist other fishes had not, a bal aud
tock ct JOINT III the neck that they could bow; this
Oh then with 20 reptiles. Their pectoral tins
we've small and continually IN vbratory motion Ike
the CHA Of alma cues. The same motion was also
Observed in the upper lobe of the csudal fin, which
the actual proongatiol Of the back bone, aud
analogous to the tails Of reptiles. la the Old Red
Sol stone he had found fish which he called Gyp-
'icus, with the same sort Of tail. This went
tn so many o her other things to sho Y that the
order Of succ. scion IN past times exemph. |
p fled now in the development of individuals. Here
also tao features observed in genuine rept e.,
til power Of moving the head on the back bone and |
the quasi tail He had noticed also that these fishes |
woulo rise to the surface OF the water draw in at
the postr ard then emit bubbles from the gils. This
siDgu and was character only kno En 10 exist
among reptiles.
Col. Foster stated that in the Ohio strata cores.
Dol cling with the Onondsga limestone Of New. York
iose eer-pikes were found and they evidently
oepp-wser fish a. this Limestone must have been de-
posted IN deep water
Mr. DAwsos said list these gar-pikes were
fec only 90 living fish. They had not been able to OBJ
tain any for three four days pas. of the
food. though they had offered them fresh fish,
they would lot take them Their mode of taking
then fooo was by swapping at them sideways
PIof. HALDKhAs stated that catfish when confined
in snsl quantity Of water, and wheu they had used
up the oxygen In it would coMe to the surface and
c. aw IN such mani ss 10 take IN air. He
thought that this nigh be siml,r.
Prof AGAssIz sald that the catfish drew the sir in
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