Republican vindicator. [volume] (Staunton, Va.) 1849-1857, 1856-01-12

loH, ana IN tne forms OF political admniS-
/ tratiOn and they continued to differ in
these respects. when they voluntarily allied
/ themselves, as States, to carry on the war of
/ the revolution. 81
4 The object of that war was to discnthral the
/ United Colonies from foreign rule, which had
| proved to be oppressive, and to separate
them permanently from the mother country;
| the political result was the foundation of a
federal republic Of the free white men Of the
colonies, constituted as they were, in dis
tinct and reciprocally independent State gov
| crnments.
AS for the subject races, whether Indian or
! African, the wiseand brave Statesmen of that
day, being engaged in no extravagant scheme
of social change, left them as they were. and
| thus preserved themselves and their posterity
from the anarchy, and the ever-recurring
| civil wars, which have prevailed in other revo-
lutloni4ed European colonies of America.
When the confederated States found it
convenient to modify the condition of their
ASSOCIATION, by giving to the general govern
ment dlrect access, in some respects, to tho
| people OF the States, instead Of combining it
to action OH the States as such, they pro
ceedea to frame the existing constitution,
| adhering steadily to one guiding thought,
| which was to delegate only such power as
| was necessary and proper to the execution of
specific purposes, or, in other words, to re-
| tain as much as possible, consistently with
the Individual States. For objects of COM
mon defense and security, they intrusted to
| the general government certain carcfully-de-
fined functions, leaving all Others as the dele
| gated rights of the separate independent
| soveregnties.
Such is the constitutional theory of orr
| government, the practical observance of which
has carried us, and us alone, among modern
| republics through nearly three generations OF
! time without the cost of one drop Of blood
! shed In civil war. With freedom and cen
cert Of actioniit has enabled us to contend
successfully on the battle field against foreign
! foes, has elevated the feeble colonies into
| powerful States and has raised cur industrial
| productions, and our commerce which trans
| ports them to the level of the richest and she
! greatest nations of Europe. And the admira-
| BILE adaptation Of our political institutions to
their objects, combining local self govern
| ment with aggregate strength, has established
the practicabllty of government like ours
! to cover continent with confederate States.
The, Congress OF the United States is, in
| effect, that congress of soyereigntIes, which
/ good men in the Old World have sought for
| but could never attain, and which imparts to
America an exemption from the mutable
| leagues for common action, from the wars,
| the mutual inyasions, and vague aspiration
| after the balance of power, which eonvuse,
from time to time the governments ofEurope.
! Our cooperative action rests in the conditions
/ OF permanent confederation prescribed by the
| constitution. Our balance of powers in the
separate reserved rights of the States, and
their equal representation in the Senate
| That independent sovereignty in every one
| of the States with ito raseryad rirb4e Of 10
| ca selt.covernnent assured to coc6 NV their
| co-equal power in the Senate, was the fun
| damental condition of the constitution
| Without it the Union would never have ex-
listed. However DESTROYS the larger States
| os 70 Give Ia tbair no,,pIotiop its rranort;on
| ota ,Ta;mht IN tba d,a,,,o, - -
irnoyI - a. ,,noss;hIa nIass - $500
a. tbo ,n,aIiar o,1,,s a,,arit 70 - -
inas, -, aii ~, go,
| or+ha q,nyarn,nant uhathar ,ai,;sia.;ro -
o,-oentiSo tbro,,h thn;r al,',al rossnas,,t
! in 40 Sanate Inaoaa A. 49, Statsa
tb.rasa,,I,s I'D r1,t ~ CT, - noo;
- 81 -. - - ~ ~ ~ p -,
/ ~ ~, Far AZ sse,,r;trs ~ ~ -,
! noosti ro.ts a~a;nst tho So,
of tbn General onSernnsnt Il, a 4ord tbo
| s;;a51 g. art - ~; -, ~
- .aa son'ea mo
thair ,n,,a,, s,s,a.h g. az =
~, ~ - ~ -, L. Vi .ile
III 'AI oah;I;.r ~, " VA
Gu siIi,,i,. - itSs * 20
othans -;4hor 80, " a. '.'o
ouosasah',,t ~ noi "hy
,tt. - ~ -, ,; i. i"'S'e5 "''n,
n Il
;o,,ts ,.s,hs.
G " 'na 80 S.''i
=! '''9 N Du', IN on .hinss u:-
t 10 ,s IN ~ T. 'ao
rasoryat;, r. ali $50 ~ ,st.a az
compact of nnion. Tins. the great nower of
taxation was limited to purposes of common
defence and general welfare. excluding oh.
iects appcrtaining to the local legislation of
the several States and those purposes of
general welfare and common defence were
afterwards defined by specific enumeration,
as being matters only of correlation between
the States themselves, or between them and
foreign governments, which, because of their
common and general nature, could not BIO left
to the separate control Of each State.
OF the circumstances of local condition, in
tcrest, and rights, in which portion of tho
States, constituting one great section of the
Union differed from the rest, and from a.
mother section the most important was the
popularity of q larger relative colorcd popu-
iation in the southern than in the northern
States.
A population of this class, held in snbjec-
ton, existed in nearly all the States, but
was more numerous and OF more serious con-
cernment IN the South than In the North, on
account OF natural dliierences OF climate and
production and 1t was forescen that, for the
same reasons, while this population would
diminish, and, sooner OF later, cease to exist,
III some States, ltmgt increase in Others
The peculiar character anu magnitude of this
question oil local rights, not in material rela-
tions only, but still more in social ones,