New-York daily tribune. [volume] (New-York [N.Y.]) 1842-1866, 1856-09-19

pg namely, that the impurities in cast iron consist Of
substances all of which combine with oxygen at high
temperature; carbon forming carbonic acid sulphur
suphurous acid; phosphorus, phoephoric acid; silicon
slcic acid tsica, the matter of sand) and so OF
the rest. Now the exposure of the cast iron to heat
and air containing oxygep is sufficient TO the
substances to form oxygen compounds, either volatile
easily usble, and incapable of entering into cOmbi-
nation with metallic iron. But since these impurities
are dused in small quantity through the Of the
iron il il with great difficulty that air can be brought
to act upon them. This however is done efficiently,
but at great trOuble first in the refinery and after
ward more completely in the pudding process The
melted cast iron exposed IN the refinery strong
heat, in contact with air, and large proportion of the
carbon contained in the iron is burned off, as carbonc
oxide; the silicon becomes oxdized sicc acid sil-
ica and the iron also Oxidzing supplies base ioxde
of ron), with which the SLICE acid combines This
compound constitutes the Stag which il formed in the
process. The action Of the Stag itself upon the impur
tits yet contained in the iron is most interesting
enics phenomenon, and will be noticed hereafter
Where very superior iron is required, charcoal is
uied in this process instead Of coke and the iron so
MADE is called charcoal ron." The impurities con-
tanned in ordinary coke are in part communicated to
The iron, and njure its quality. The minute details Of
tie refinery we need not describe.
The iron thus partially purified is next pudded. 1t
is fused on the bed of reverberatory furnace and
vigorously stirred about 80 as 10 expose tO the action
Of the air. oxygen is rapidly absorbed and the gaseous
cal bOnic oxide formed escapes in bubbles giving the
appearance OF boiling, and burning at the surface with
of the mass diminshes, and although the heat is ia.
creased the process proceeds the molten metal passee
from fluid to spongy, sem-auid mass The fearful
labor of the pudder now commences. He approaches
the furnace almost in state Of nudity and on the end
OF an iron bar collects from the bed of the furnace as
much iron as he can Lift. This ball, or bloom" he
swings through the air under forge hammer, other
composing machine. The blows at first crush the
soft mas Ike dough, sending out showers of sparks,
and sques zpg liquid drops from the interior Of the
n etal The ball cOols, the blows Of the BANNER
ring the fire shower grows faint and the liquid drops
are replaced by scaly mssses which fall from the
tlmot solid metal The kneading process is continued
by passing the metal between rolls, in the grooves Of
which it is drawn out and compressed; is doubled
up and rolled and heated and doubled up and rolled
az ain. Have you never seen, as You Travelled by
railway or otherwise at night, the mouth of black
furnace opened on sudden sending ray, as Of sun
light the sky and disclosing something within
20 binding white, blasting bright" that the eye
cosed fnvoluntarilyl you returned Aisurey TO the
eight, you observed hansked men darling scross the