davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Green-Mountain freeman. [volume] (Montpelier, Vt.) 1844-1884, 1856-09-11

were by armed savages. and evidently betray-
ed my alarm in my countenan,e. Colonel FIRE.
mont, without apparently noticing my nervous
state, remarked that he knew the Indian char
acter perfectly, and be did not hesitate to state
that there was not sufficient powder to load
single rifle in the possession of the whole tribe
of Utahs. If, continued he, they had any
ammunition, they would have surrounded and
and arc parleying for. | at once saw that it
was most sensible deduction, and gathered
fresh courage and listened to his directions
In very different frame of mind than when |
entered. He tore q leaf from his Journal and
handing it to me- said 6 Here take this, and
place 1t against tree, at, . distance near
enough to hit it every time. Discharge your
! Colts navy sx-shpsters rs-hreat intervals Of ten
Indians to the fact that it is not necessary for
white men to load their arms. did so. After
tie first shot hey pointed ID their own rifles as
much as to say they could do the sameGf they had
happened to have tue powder) |, without
lowering my arm, fired a second shot; this start
led them, | discharged it " third time their
curiosity and amazoment was increased the
fourth time placed the pistol in the hands o.
the chief, and told him to discharge it, which
he did, hitting the paper and making another
impression of the bullet, the fifth and sixth
! times two other Indians exploded it; having
discharged the sixth, it was time to replace i
: in my belt. I had another one ready loaded
which dextcrously substituted, and scarce
them into the acknowledgment that they wer
at our mercy, for we could kill them as fast q
we liked, if we were so disposed.
After this exhibition, they forgot their frs
n demand, but proposed to exchange some Of thei
: horses for blankets We cff.c trade 70
=; three or four apparently sound, strong animal
: which ina few days proved utterly WORTHLESS
: having gonc so lame that we had to kill thei
!, for food The Indians asked to remain i
|; camp, as it was then near dark, and they ha
P ridden thirty miles. Col. Fremont assented 0
u this occasion, eleven men were on guard at
'e time all armed. The Indians, who no doul
TX waited in our camp to run our horses off durin
~ the night, were much disappointed in not hay
ID ing an opportunity. They quietly departo
I'd next morning, while our whole camp listenc
il to the energetic exclamation of Col. Fremon
IN TINT the Price Of safety is eternal vigilance,
i BigsYov's Life af Fremont, p, 436.
Green-Mountain freeman. [volume] (Montpelier, Vt.) 1844-1884, 1856-09-11

A yong lawyer trying to establish himself In
business, is in one respect like yong physician
-he needs patience.
Green-Mountain freeman. [volume] (Montpelier, Vt.) 1844-1884, 1856-09-11

MARRIAGE. An insane desire on young
mans part te pay some woman's board.
Weekly hawk-eye and telegraph. [volume] (Burlington, Iowa) 1855-1857, 1856-05-07

II
/ S; :; ~, IS ,.,s
.see'sse' g !. c,..'
-. -
-. /" s. .r'
e '1s' - { J. ] "a ~, s II ~
Aosens A'oe. sA1AsA - - 5.
. - .nss1 ny
s - Is -. .I
s.''.s ss,n. = : 8. !. - . a..
-. 2 .ae'l 9 ss's ~ ~ 49,
= .As'' sss.,s 81 ~. N. =. -.
.ns p.sess NAM =. ~. ~ .ss-s:s
..A1 .s's,lo.s s ..ssu ~ I. !,
ny WY ps.'.'a's1 se,e'ss -. ~, - .s .,
y - -, !. q ~ -.
s.s -.so = s''As ...s, =
!, y - 'o1'nsl ~, ,.lss1 ~ - s
es = sssss ss's s's'ss
-. -. -.
- Mos. :. ss D..1s.s Sos' .s 8 q 4 =. 80 s
's =, .''e = - -. es. = g
'''ss.s's' So'''.-.' ~
s'ee. GAG more ou.'ne
IOr the OOunciL iLnAH CUulu Wen DC 1tteHucO W ~
Weekly hawk-eye and telegraph. [volume] (Burlington, Iowa) 1855-1857, 1856-05-07

IA daily paper win be published BY the
General Conference Of the \. s Church during its
session q indianapolis, which win be called the
Daily Advocate, and win contain the general
routine OF esch days business As the oaieial or
gam Of the body while in session Thirty eight
annual Conferences win Be represensed u this
General Conference. g ss alsss
Weekly hawk-eye and telegraph. [volume] (Burlington, Iowa) 1855-1857, 1856-05-07

s STARCH rAcroRY.-we have in the vicinity Of
Burlington corn starch factory, which, it is
said, consumes two hundred bushels Of corn per
day. We have made frequentinquiry as toown
ership business &c., but never Obtained but the
single fact stated, that some two hundred bush-
els ofcorn was daily used. The starch made is
said to be Of good quality and is sold by our
wholesale and retail grccers. We suppose the
owners, like Others, find ready sale at remunera-
ting prices, for all they can manufacture, and
are therefore not disposed to advertise their bus
inesa in sny Kny sss ai3afA sE.s 4 q
Weekly hawk-eye and telegraph. [volume] (Burlington, Iowa) 1855-1857, 1856-05-07

TIM iCArrroI.--We have been shown letter
from Fl Des Hoines, received last night, from
which We learn that the Commissioners have
unanimously located the Capitol in East Fl. Des
Moines, oue.third of q mile from the river. The
writer says the location is q good one, and that
the people of the Fort are quietly acquiescing in
the wisdom, Of the location. He thinks necesss-
~ buildings, for the use Of the State can be put
up in time for the meeting Of the legislature.
Weekly hawk-eye and telegraph. [volume] (Burlington, Iowa) 1855-1857, 1856-05-07

~ Editors, Notwithstanding the world ex-
pects chem %, don't know everything any more
than other iolka IN illustration We notice IN
our last Counsil Bluffs Begls an editorial upon
the profits of fruit growing, wherein II il assert
Cd that large apple trees often produce from 40
to 90 bushels Of fruit in season. ,5s Il s. 4
Weekly hawk-eye and telegraph. [volume] (Burlington, Iowa) 1855-1857, 1856-05-07

tY A man in Boston died on Friday last
from drinking adulterated milk, The physician
who analyzed the noxious fluid found that instead
Of chalk, it had been adulterated with bismuth.
Weekly hawk-eye and telegraph. [volume] (Burlington, Iowa) 1855-1857, 1856-05-07

:. Z - lzzxxx- x------A--
s. FFgETT15JTS = TI7EH ~z6Y9
e .aasssss. sssXxl11s xNxIs 49,,
...-.. ...
IessHSn ~ lfSCsrJ1Semrs
ii Il has been announced thas he Commissiorers
had located the 1npasoi cn NE aade Of Tie
Des Aoines fneE 40 naklag ths ann6uhcemSae
ii Tuesday morping Ne e neadeq M Just - we ex-
4 pected AZ most persons sxpected the locston
would b nsac q the ioWa .of. ~ Dss Acinsssss
perhaps soms xpaanAfcn may y needed
with the sessine On foot tAe scheme Of fenotal,
4 vas ssafsed pan OF individual speculation
oeI0A peFscns ssacd iaads upon ashtchsshy
visnea 2 % secure inc locaucp o. the STATE Cap
toL fromlnent polsieiana IN and out y The !.
j Legisature, u not before, were made fnterested
ID these lands, and liberal donations Of lots were
made Ia seeura editoriaf iniinenec and n,,,., q e,
s;s AZ 8. q, g. q
NJ. 81 I.
"ss.o w say ~ s. ~ - ~
Per niiucnce having been brought to bear upon I;
i the Commissioners. aud do not wish 10 be- uu-
i dcrstood AZ asserfinv or ;ns;nn.t;nr that snch
has bcon ~ - sxxS. .l.i
I" Vi 1e NY s
pofuon OF the State, and are rot able to say
IW Oe0N 0O00
If n Il good one-Ion. Z, .s;sh
a. I. e ss., -
- - y y ana me settle
ment OF the yexed question should be regarded
| as final although the reinosaf and location IL {
the pofbt named NAV bc tho rest of q wc,l.Ia;d
c.--,...s ...,,sS ,essss
-" at''e1 ous pay y. sPccutiA.'vnp' Pt1asn' s'h1
inc place liked upon Is the best In an respects,
the public good has been promoted, and We, for
one, should be disposct,gt, snb,6,af7f tsfTgd
IN, r,on, .s.o,. =. :. ~. 90. x..E.5s .a,t
s. '''' s'.u '''av '1S VI ivs sle'nv'sl -
NOT arrived; others say the removal WAS right
and proper, but that Il should have been medefo
the town Of Des MoinAs 5Nayer hi ,;ns sssn fha
o,,, .a,o.,.a s. =. ..s. .pss5 ~
70 be enhanced in price, we shall not mix mex
cept to keep our readers wen posted, 20 daras
we are able, as to the movements of those Who
arc interested .@Y ua SF8< "a
b stl !ass5aa Hg
81 The Iocatyo,, Sys,,,, 1ns.sas II q ~
q w. .ro banr, ~ v,,o,,,s, q u ~ 60. .rY
tb,t tha s;,a q. ~ T,..,sa r.s;s.f ss ur
sr,, En,n;ra : s.,ao,aa n ,a ~ haas.;s,stsI :,
20 m. y NJ =. Z
,ands .bo =, ho,a &c .A,, A.c ,n,
ma s na ~ anu hIis east
~. ess =. o o.: anu SCUM oi loon;
"a - -: - ~, :. ys- ts,s,t'S - yUvosan0A ~
WIZ. - =
aaa 's,a =, :. orcex
wes. nd snr.h.ass, sor,a 81 e - AN, ,;ia
w. 49, = % ~ X. Y as
,b - ny nealy ~, .na. ~ - nnisneo j
ior ',,y snc, anu
tha ao.;a ~ NJ n.aue enaossca g
,,nt,i;shad e,S T. ~ ha.e
u w w., my
\. Ivy ~. e, Z! iesAtuu ios 'le oest ~
.,,a;s .;s =. .ne o'a'e wero snaN'D'ous sn ~
then, aod ,naads as S .u ,ha;u ole W. pM os
Weekly hawk-eye and telegraph. [volume] (Burlington, Iowa) 1855-1857, 1856-05-07

{ Mr.. Gear was present and addressed the Coun-
Gil upon the subject Of Auction Licenses, He
was willing to pay what was just and right, but
A per cent on foreign goods was more than they
could afford, and in consequence would de-
prixe them Of large amount Of business. ts5s /
Mr.. David represented the Commission mer.
chants, they complain that the amount charged
for license, was higher than for any other kind
Of business, it really compelled them to pay
double taxes, &c. iR76 .ta -9i's5
Both subjects were referred to select commit
tee, with instruction to report at the next stated
meeting. i @ sy5 *
Council then adjourned until Thursday eve
ming, at which time they expect to meet the
Committee of the Burlington & Missouri River
Railroad with lease for their approval GaTa
Weekly hawk-eye and telegraph. [volume] (Burlington, Iowa) 1855-1857, 1856-05-07

RoBRrsa THE EAIL.-Samuel Curtis, post
master at shebbonna's Grove, De Kalb county,
ILL.,, and his wife, have been arrested and taken
before the United States Commissioner at Chica-
go, on acharge Of robbing the mail Curtis was
committed for trial. in default Of 81 900 ball. and
his wife discharged, there not being sufficient
testimony to warrant her being held. The de-
lection was made by means Of decqy letters q
Weekly hawk-eye and telegraph. [volume] (Burlington, Iowa) 1855-1857, 1856-05-07

Aucr1oS AND CoMxlssios HoUsE At Nj. Pleas
ANT.--Attention is called to the card Of, Messrs.
Amsden & Terry in the proper place. a58
Weekly hawk-eye and telegraph. [volume] (Burlington, Iowa) 1855-1857, 1856-05-07

4
tB Douglas has always been a bully, His sss
impudence and insolencc have rendered him ps-Lsss
culiarly popular with shoulder strikers and .o,
,"short boys" " and his name familiar around the
gaming table, at the race course and in the sg
cock pitt But his popularity in this direction he agH
has recently given q severe and probably fatal
stab, by his exhibition Of cowardcc in the de- 8.
bate with Mr.. Crittenden, some time since publ
lished, wherein he cringed in disgraceful man -
ner before the Kentucky Senator. But last and -
worst of all is his attack upon General Lane af.T
ter which he sknked behind his privilege, ands BE-
refused to render personal satisfaction IaneoeS
has published him to the world as coward
Of course he is ruined among the ssb'hoys,ns
and win have to depend hereafter upon the
moral and religious world. OF course We do not
justify duelling or reverence very highly the s1
"code Of honor But as q bully and '.personal -.
satisfaction man, always rampant Dug is badly ea
cornered He has shown the white feather sssas
rs Sssss ~ 45.z--- --..--- 9 IL ssgsiA ~ .issG
The Hawkeye may, il. II chooses, can us 4 siia
'canting hypoerte for e1pressing our belief \, -
the patriotism and Nationality Of the old Wing
party The only regret We have III the matter g
Is, that state of affairs should exist which =
makes it necessary for those who have been the "a
political opponents Of Mr., Clay, TO vindicate his
name and memory from the shameless ISLANDERS A9st
Of his professed followers and friends =. ig's. 3,
5ess 80 F--s ,,ss Keokuk Times sat
Henry Clay was more abused and villifed dur y.
ing his life than any other manrof his dsy Lo-
cofoco editors and politicians slandered his pri. *,
/ yste character in the most gross and shameless %
manner, and no invectiye wastoo strong to express
their ideas of public acts. They never accord.
ed him any thing but talent until the earth closed
over all Of him that was mortal Having hunt g 1
ed him with amalignity that knew no bounds =,
and serupled at no enormity, 70 the death, they
now shed crocodile tears and with a brazen hy-
ipocrisy announce their confidence in his patriot VI,
constitute themselves his especial defend
1 ers How much more contemplate they are By =
their own showing, than had ever supposeds ss
4 Henry Clay was patrios and statesmani Who rs,
ever eaidhc was not except suct vile traducers
q him Of the Timess And the Times b engaged "a
& lin the laudiblc work Of yindicating his .xAxr
and rAxxln oh, shame, where Is thy blush htz-sx
Theeditor viii never find his proper place uhtil y
he becomes agent for ! bras foundry. ss7gfs =
8 srRAssE-The Syracuse paPsD givs an ac-s.s
count Of 9 recent marriage In that city, Of tive
females, one q whom had assumed niSh's spbs.1 ~
irsl Az at,smpt e separate den " essf pso "a
cess was resisted " the vile, vho appeAis - Il
IDENTIFY attached 70 her 1ssSand. The lfsy a.. IA
j Iceivefn = mRagiAh aonsa sfahSnt .s0ree,.,oras
age sSdof anaacuIns rsild uial.u 49,, I.
egg tssi ~ sasoiss'asnerssssaw sesI,era 4, ,e,ss
tss of sss ssisssa n.
Weekly hawk-eye and telegraph. [volume] (Burlington, Iowa) 1855-1857, 1856-05-07

SrAvE AND BARREL FAcroRY.-Messrs. Cock
& Kelsey have erected a saw mill and staye fac
tory, with cooper shop attached in the lower
part Of the city, which is now in successful oper
alton. We visited it yesterday. Their machines
are worked by steam power, and cut the slaves
and heading smoothly and with much precision,
doing the work with great rapidity. The bar
rels which We saw were very fine and said to be
better than those manufactured by hand. Elm,
Whitewood and Sycamore are used, after being
steamed. The proprietors inform us they are
able to cut slaves and heading for three hun
dred barrels per day. s i .s..s.5s. 3.,4
Weekly hawk-eye and telegraph. [volume] (Burlington, Iowa) 1855-1857, 1856-05-07

DISSOLUTION OF THE UNION THREATENED -
Not Of these United States, but Of the Canadas.
Journals Of Upper Canada are seyere-savage,
in their remarks touching the action of the Gov
eminent in voting to remove its seat to Quebec.
The Hamilton banner says:
aIf the ministerial intention, in regard to the
seat of Government, is carried out, q dissolution
Of the Union will be Immediately demanded by
the people Of Upper Canada, for they are de-
termined on not submitting to such gross out
rage. Being denied Representation by pop1la-
compact, in Lower Canada, Upper Canadians will
resort to the dissolution scheme to remedy their
position" E9 -
Weekly hawk-eye and telegraph. [volume] (Burlington, Iowa) 1855-1857, 1856-05-07

"a paper MIN hto be erected at Cedar
Rapids. II i p be IA nopsEation b the hrst q
Weekly hawk-eye and telegraph. [volume] (Burlington, Iowa) 1855-1857, 1856-05-07

t It would be rather difficult, We op,ne, to
find 9 place, upon the Upper Mississippi, and
there are not many any where, presenting more
outward signs Of business activity, progress and
rapid growth, than Burlington. Wherever the.
eye rests-Whereyer in the city limits you may
chance to find yourself, the utmost activity is
visible, and the ear is saluted with the sound Of
the hammer, the forge, the saw-with the hum
of labor in Its thousand forms. The carpenter,
the brick and stone mason, the Joiner, the plas-
terer and painter, are working early and late,
preparing dwellings for waiting and impatient
tenants, and erecting and finishing business
houses for men who are counting the days, We
had almost said the minutes, until they shall be
ready for occupancy. 4 :
The city is pushing forward its grading and
McAdamizing-streets are opened
levelled and hollows filled, and crooked places
made straight. The r. Rd. Company is putting
down side tracks grading and laying out depot
grounds and preparing to erect necessary build
ings. Hs.,. St ~ 4. s...ll = n5s5
t All the channels Of trade are crowded. The
river is In good boating order. The landing IS
crowded with steamers receiving and discharging
freight, and the levee piled high With merchan
die, produce and plunder. The eastern cars are
pouring into our city passengers By the thous.
and, crowding our hotels and all the means Of
conveyance toward the west.
Our Commission Merchants, Jobbers and Ma
chine shops, are sending goods groceries and
machinery, to the interior, to an amount entire
" Unprecedented Immigrants with their stock
and household plunder are crow ding our ferry
boats and thronging our streets. ~ 81
In short, Burlington is just now more like an
immense beehive than any thing else. She con.
tains goodly number of workers and but few
drones. Even old fogyism which had become
chronic, catches the prevailing spirit Of activity
and enterprise, after . few weeks residence
throws away its cruthes, and ,.runs with the ma
chine n sq35s3 s,ss4ess a ;i n 81. ~ gs,sz
Weekly hawk-eye and telegraph. [volume] (Burlington, Iowa) 1855-1857, 1856-05-07

s1saai 4 .zsseaasa kasssdaas ssls .ssssD
i ssba0sss Ia sxs
Weekly hawk-eye and telegraph. [volume] (Burlington, Iowa) 1855-1857, 1856-05-07

FLINT HILLs.-The new ferry boat FLINT HILLS,
Capt. FREscH, arrived here Monday night from
Cincinnati where she was built. She ap-
pears to: be staunch and well built boat,
is 1870 feet long and 40 feet wide.. Her engines
have sufficient power to propel her against any
wind, we are informed by the captain. The
cabins are finished in good style, and the boat
is every way superior one. Cost about $l2,-
900. - 8
With two of the best and it is probable the
largest and best ferry boats upon the Upper
Mississippi, immigrants are certain to cross the
river At Burlington without risk or delay. And
merchandise and produce are not likely to be
delayed for the want Of necessary facilities for
ferrying
Weekly hawk-eye and telegraph. [volume] (Burlington, Iowa) 1855-1857, 1856-05-07

3 s.. EFsssflssa 3. sFEE ss.F
Weekly hawk-eye and telegraph. [volume] (Burlington, Iowa) 1855-1857, 1856-05-07

Paris on Monday, in favor Of the plenipotentia-
ries.
e HAvRE, 18th. Breadstuffs declined in all the
markets. Provisions declined owing to the
heavy receipts M
LATEST BY TELEGRAPH FROM LoSDoN--PARI
THURsDAY.-Count Concur leaves this P. NJ. for
London for q few days, and then viii return via
Paris to Turin.
The Cabinet of yiena is bent on occupying
every corner of Italy where political excitement
can be got up, as an excuse for their presence.
Events in Italy are daily increasing in interest
Il is quite possible the Duke OF Tuscany will
again be eompelled;to demand German troops
and additional Austrian forces are under orders
for Roman States and gsrrisonsin LOmbardy, are
| to be Increased. ~ s,sssa
Austria evidently intends to permanently oc
cupy Is much of Italy .as she can in order to in
suit and intrigue against Sardinia. In fact Aus
! tria is at war with Piedmont although the ar
mics are not face TO face, and it is impossibl,
Ito say what event may bring about . fresh strug
gie--shat struggle cannot long be delayed. q 3
I Aunfis, however, will strive to put OF !.
quarrel on the field until the policy and attitud,
i of France and England in regard to the vars Il
i Italy no longer coincide. The works toward
division has already commenced in Paris II
Buol seems to persuade the, Emperor that an,
change in Italy would end in open revolution
VIENSA--The Eemperor signed the ratifica
ton Of the treaty on the 18th Public thanks
stgiying was ordered throughout the ceuntry.a
LONDON, Saturdays-As report has been circu
lated b, . evening journal that Lord Paimersto
and Ar. Labouchere are about retire. Sidne
4 Herbert aud SIR james Graham tAke the soverl
4 ment There is'n the alightest afoandasion
~ n .,-ss.,, ~: -. . - ssssts52.
Weekly hawk-eye and telegraph. [volume] (Burlington, Iowa) 1855-1857, 1856-05-07
JEFFERSON HOUSE, 8 S. s. .

eD - 2 7f7,7 JOHN p MYERS
20 West side Of Public Square, RAiRSiuD, Iowa.. y
The above House, having excellent run Of patron
age wen located aud In good state Of Will
hne new furniture Is offered for sale Enquire on tht
promises Of ~ . fmar.Sl J.V MYERS.
Weekly hawk-eye and telegraph. [volume] (Burlington, Iowa) 1855-1857, 1856-05-07
TH0NAs W. NEWHAH,.

rre1 1NEY and Counsellor 1t Ls@A Oace In
"A tht Cousiy Judgcs of1ce, Marion Hail. Burlington,
ts.. WA promaly attend 10 Land Agencies, Collecting
ssas investing money locating and selling LAxp War
.s "a s other business pertaining to his profession.
The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1856-05-26

The Secretary of thu Consonweslth, in his sttss
Comparing tbs returns says
when the ndustrsl statistics Of the State were ,1rst
collected in 1887 they sxhiosd annual prod action
amounting to eSc, zS2, GIG. In lS46 the amount was
S12l 81. It has swssd to S2o6 $40 681-An in
crease Of huadred and thirty eight pr cant since
1S4s, and two hundred and fHy.two sinos 1887; and
mis- while the increase Of pOpula Ion has besn Only tAir
fo1r per cent since 184S and axy two In the lsnger
period nAnsd And tbis result, % surprang iniessk
falh nanifatly below the reality. leaving out Of ths
account those branches which unfortunately OMIT
~ In the specific Inquiries and making N possible a.
lowAsce or the greAtsr accuracy attained n the ooec
tioa Of the inSomston embodied in tbs accompanying
parea "a stn apparent that the truth has not besa
rsoAsd 1t IL next to Impossible for the tAxpiysr whom
sasd upsa ~ the 10 answer snh questions -
vsrs propoundsd under tbs hw 70 dvsst his mind ofths
inprssdou u intimate connecu IN bstwssn his
swers and the Of his taxea Hence the gone
ri tsndensy to andsrsats rssults and N absolute
fusaI In humorous instances, to snsver at all He'd
thcss branches which were overlooked bssn included
the returns and ho0sst and truthful obtained in
al cssss TO tbs questions proposed am fully persuaded
that instsaA Of two hundred and ninsy i've millions
should have had aggregate Of Ut least three hundred
and ATTY millions considerable ons million OF dol
lars Per day Tor every working day In the year Az is
Tae rssu exhiis rapid and Substantial growth in
Sndu strfA resources which beloved to b without
rsrsle IN ths history Of tho world
The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1856-05-26

Tho Product Of Massachusetts, I'm 1855
Ths following table shows the vAus Of the articles
rAnufsstsred produced In Nasach usets the amount
Of capital invested and the number Of hands employed
In tia wear l6b6:--
The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1856-05-26
PATENT stE6iCTrrs.

r sTAFFoRDS OLIVE TAR rs INHALR0 AND
81 applied Goo, tsktn 90 cue dlseases of throat and
No fheun ats, hrsRic other pain ers WHARF
olive APPLIED. Bold Al 81 c-Ds bo O. tee compnys
cevo, no. 10 oNss L.fs.t. g.. s.As =. RAtsstf.