New-York daily tribune., 1856-02-12

M a,sosiatiop Labor thus wasted, and the 1000
consumed in producing the power to labor " 50
much capital destroyed. As says NJ TesooorsH;
ain countries where the climate u temperate ana
tho nonplatiou dense, where there are number Oh
small towns and the home trade Is actlve tne Pan';
who's. labors in the field last troIn the Degihnins
March INTO the month sf November, VIII mn NIKE
difEculty in turning his time TO account DUNG the
three or four months Of Winter. lie can cSry us
produce 10 mark ket; he can fell ana carry hotne ui
ber be can look after the fsttenng " MS ca'c; ne
can hire out bis labor carrier for the conveyance
~ r,ercbsndise or engage in some other subsidiary
branch OF rural econos- With Us such resources arc
y,rv much more imitex while the lsbors of the hed
are interrupted for much longer time. Now wns'
loss of poductve forces must arse, and what csse
Of mpovershment must be IN sction. If, Tor want Oh
any ,ort OF industry, of the sixty millions composing
the population Of Russia IN Europe, more thah my
millions should remain unoccupied dunng the SIX or
seven months that the 8bOTs OF the ned s0ond 81"
But TO avoid tlis loss are thrown upon our huus-
trial resources: and il l. this peculiar SITUATION oi ours
oined to the abundance and variety OF our producs,
and TO the natural and instructive Intelligence ot our
reople which gave the earliest impulse 10 our ncuS
inv and impressed il with the peculiar anu national
stamp which 1t bears' "
The author of the above is doubtful about the
e1pedency ofprotecting the industry o R'lssia' anu
vet the facts lie everywhere gives prove the adVsn'
tsce that has resulted, and must everywhere result,
from the adoption of measures teading, 70 use
again the words of M ChcraLer, to favor the
taking possession of all the branches OF industry
hose acquisition is authorized by the nature OF
things"
all recent travellers in Russia, one OF the most
distinguished is Baron Ha1thausen from whom
We learn that Moscow has become great seat oil
manufactures. in which serfs are being transformer
~
MO workmen lsbOring for themselves, aud tnat 10
that city there flow annually in the Autumn from
eighty thousand TO ninety thousand persons TO sell
their services during the period when they can no
longer labor in the fields. The condition and ap-
pearance of these workmcn, thus enabled to sell
labor that would otherwise be wasted, appeared to
him more satisfactory than that OF persons OF
similar condition in Germany, France, and England.
Like NJ. Tegoborski. NJ. HaXthausen has doubts
about the protective system, as tending to RAISE te
wages of labor and to attenuate that Patri nchai
tie" which heretofore has existed between the
master and his serts
With the APPROXIMATION of the market and the
consequent economy of transportation and Increase
Of price, there is a steady and regular improve
mept in the character OF the Russian agriculture.
In one district NJ Tegoborski tells us that d" sys
Item Of rational husbandry has been introduced
ln another traces of improvement are visible.
In 4 third "the mode OF cultivation is ysibly i'm
proved. In fourth "thc three SHIFT system has
been introduced with great improvement of imPlc-
ments In others "rural economy is making ylsi-
bic proTess''-"tbe ameliOratiOn of their culture
lis beginning 10 attract the serious attention of
the landowners the culture OF the beet
root for sugar is extending more and more;' aud
while with many proprietors we find system OF
"cuture that might serve as a model, the use OF
better implements and the adoption OF imprOyedsys-
TENS OF culture are as are told visible - on the
lands Of the Peasantry." In order to improvement
by the former, it is indispensable, says NJ fIaxthau-
sen, that there should be estabi ished "a system OF
labor in combination with some industrial enter
prise which would furnish the means of turning
Ito some useful account the productive forces
'ihs labor of man and beaSt-which would other
"wise lie idle during the long intervals when tho
works Of the field are interrupted" What is
true Of the small community around the great
landhoder is equally so ofthe great one composing
the nation; and it is when those productive forces
are economical that men become free while it is
in those in which the force is wasted that they be-
coue enslayed, as in Ireland, India, Turkey and
Portugal and all others of the British Free-trade
countries.
In aid OF agriculture the Government has estab-
lshed eight model farms with - 800 acres of land.
Into these schools both and private peasants
admitted and tba ,har puuils in vves
7CG but it is yearly augmenting. A complete
course occupies four years.
With the diminished dependence on the foreign
market, and increase of products consequent upon
all the measures above described, there has been a
great increase in the value OF land. In 80 ne dis
tricts it sells at five aud even ten times the price
that it would have commanded twenty or thirty
years since, while IN others it sells for twice
as many silver roubles as itwould have commanded
paper ones in 1915, when the paper sold st a
discount Of 60 or 20 per cent
That the internal commerce Of the country has
wonderfully increased cannot be doubted; and the
following facts fully establish the great truth that
whatever tends to the increase OF commerce at
home tends equally to increase the power to main
tain commerce abroad. From 1sl4 to 1924, the
period # what was then regarded as Free trade
the imports into Russia averaged 165, 00O, 900
paper roubles-then at a discount of about 90 per
cent; but 30 e1baustng vas the system that in the
closing year of the period the discount had in
creased to - per cent and thus the value OF Gov
errment paper was but one fourth Of what il pro-
fessed TO be. AT real money value, the total
market then made in Russia for the products of
foreign lands was about So 600, 600, or 50 ccnts
rar hnnI