davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
American union. [volume] (Morgantown, Va. [W. Va.]) 1855-1859, 1856-09-27
The whole world Conquered!
DR.. 4. SCOTS CclcbratCG White
G.ECDsSisN sihirascEst

The universal relief afforded by applications
Of this Celebrated King of Pain Killers in ca
ses OF Rheumatism. Govt, Lunlbago, Sore Throat,
bruises, Sprans, Swcllings, Stiffness Of tho
JOINTS, Sc,ataca, Pains, ScalIs, Burns, Achcs,
or any other disease for which Pain Killer or
Linlment Is used, enables us 10 assert positive
y that Or. |. Scotts Celebrated White Cir
casslan ointment is the most reliable, safe and
pleasant remedy yet discover possessing as
tonlshing properties FOR HEALING DISEASE AID
TIE PRoMrr ERADICATION TAIN. The many
aucs,atiohs to its virtues, given by persons OF
enlightened judgment and strict integrity should
induce all 10 adoptu as a standard Family ReM-
edy. Tho most incrodulous vii require nothing
more than the following testimony of DR.. c.
Mch"he, distinguished as great dlscoycrer Of
medical remedies.
READ! EsEAD!! A2EAED!!!
MoRGANrowN, VA, Sept. IL, 1865.
This is 10 CERTIFY: That have examined tho
Recipe for preparing MCLanC's Improved Yer
miugc and Liver Pills by Dr. l. Sc0tt, who has
beeniN THE HABIT OF PREPARING AND Using NY
ORIGINAL MEDICINES IN MY OFFICE daring tho last
THIRTEEN YEARS, and that believe he has I'M
PROVED THEM. make tho above statement
the more willingly as IhGre no interest in thers
~hdtGrcr. would farther state that havcSs-
ggently used his CELEBRATEp' Write CIRc ASSAM
LiNNiENT in my practice, with the h2ppiest ei-
iects, and that can conscicntiously recomn nd
1t. G. McLANE, NJ. u.
All the above Medicines prepared solely Ut
der the supervision of Dr.. |. Sect. Sold by
Druggists and Merchants everywhere
The genuine DR.. c. McLanGs IMPRovED Liver
Pills and IMPRovED Vcrmi:tlgc are signed Dr. l.
Scott & Co., accompanied by certificate oil c.
McLanc. The genuine Celebrated White Cir
cassian Lniment signed DR.. |. Scott g. Co, se-
companied with signature Oft. Scott, NJ. l..
DIR. !. SCOTT 4 CO.,
Sole Proprietors,
Bank Place, Morganto"n, Va.
January I, 1856.
American union. [volume] (Morgantown, Va. [W. Va.]) 1855-1859, 1856-09-27
TO ALL WHOM 1T MAY CONCERN,

= V 1NRIH1 w hHVHE 4 IkI 4 VVNNEINTI
KNOW YE, That resposing confidence in
me skil., ability asd integrity OF Marshall NJ.
Dent, B&q., | have, and d o hereby APPOINT
hmClerk Of ,heCircuitCouit ofin and Tor the
county OF Monongalia, in tie Commonwealth
OF Virginia, and within the twentieth Judi
clal Circuit OF this Stale-to hold the said
office and 10 discharge all the duties pertain
ing thereto, until his successor shall be duy
elected and installed into said office. This
appointment is made protcmpore to supply
The vacancy in said office, occasioned by the
death OF Col. George s. Ray, late Clerk of
said Court.
Given under my hand and seal This a7th
day of August. 1856.
GEO. w. THOMPSON, Iseal.l
Judge Of The goth Judicial Circuit
American union. [volume] (Morgantown, Va. [W. Va.]) 1855-1859, 1856-09-27
DIR. Q, McLANE'S
Liver Fills & Vdmigaga
salGssOrED.

DR.. ]. SCOTT, regular graduate ard physi-
can Of extensive Practice aud experience, ia
dCccd by CONNIE E0ablo desire to alleviate li-
man suffering. as vel az to excel, has effected
an )MPECtl.hiENT on The original L1vER
Phi and NERaIruCE of On. G. MGlANE, having
prepared these remedies as the medical partner
OF Dr. c. McLanc, for mary years
Our Improved Liver Pills and Ycrmifucc pos
secs greater efficacy aud are more mHd IN their
operation thau tie Iii, 81 Pal and NcrmifuEc pre-
pared according to the original recipe OF DR.. {.
McLs We make this dc cluration undcrs;ah-
dinghy, and recommend them to the afflicted a.
being both pleasant ana curative, aud believe
them superior TO any sthos Liver Pill or y ermi-
ugc ever prepared.
Read Certificate of Dr.. c. McLaGc, tel0w.
American union. [volume] (Morgantown, Va. [W. Va.]) 1855-1859, 1856-09-27
GEO. M. HAGANS &P.C.R RUDE,

AVlNG purchased of Geo. NJ. IIagans g. Co.
Il 4 their stock of Merchandze, would beg
leave to inform the customers of the old firm
that they will soon be able to offer to them a
large Stock OF Goods, adapted to the wants and
the season, and would spectiully solicit their
trade. Terms favorable TO prompt paying Gus
toners. HAGhNS & RUDE.
Morgantown, August 90, 1856. G2
American union. [volume] (Morgantown, Va. [W. Va.]) 1855-1859, 1856-09-27
HolloWay's Ointment:
TIE GRAND EyTERNALRE

TIE GRAND EXTERNAL REMEDY!
by the aid Of a microscope, we see lniIliens sf
little openings on the surlncc Of our bodies
Through these this Ointment, when rubbed on
the skin, Ia carried to any organ or inward part.
Diseases of the Kidneys, disorders Of the Liver.
affections of the hoaTt, Inflammation Of bhe
Lungs, Asthmas, Coughs and Colds, are by iia
means .eticctueiiy cured. Every house wife
knows That salt passes freely through bone or
meat ofany thickness. The healing Ointment
far moro readily pcnctratos through any benc or
Hcshy part Of the living body, curing the mos,
dangerous inward complanis, tina. cannot bs
reached by other means.
Erysipeias, Salt Rhepm & SCorbatiO Hunors.
No remedy has eyor done 90 much for th.
cure of diseases Of the Skin Whatever farm. thns,
may assume, as this Ointment. No case of Sale
Eheum, ScUrvy, Sore Heads, Scrofula or Eryeip-
elias, can long Withstand it's Influence. The In
vcntor hastravciied over many parts 0rthe glubo
visiting the principal hospitals, DISPENSING this
ointment, giving ndviCG us TO its appljCation
and has thus boon the means Of restoring count
less numbers TO health.
Sore Legs, Sore Breasts, Wounds and Ulcers.
Some Of the most scientific surgeons now re-
ly solely on the use Of this wonderful Ointment,
when having to cope withc worst cases Of cores,
wounds, ulcers, glardu lar swellinps aad umors
Professor Holloway has, by command Of the All
lied Governments, dispa tched 20 the HOSPITALS Of
the East, large shipments this Ointment, 20
20 used Under the direction Of the Medical stan,
ulcer, glanduar swelling, stiffness or contrag.
ton ofthc joints, even for 20 years. standing.
Rites dtHdg EfSgssgzys.
These aud other distressing complaints can.
be oiIcctualy cured ftho Ointment be we'll rub,
bed over the parts affected aad by otherwise
following the printed directions around each
pot.
Both Tie Oiatmcat ard Pills shovll be
~acd IN The .I1l1owing eases
Bunons Iumbaro Snrc Loo.
Burns Morcurial Erup- Sore Breasts
ChaPpCd Hands lions Sore ucads
Chilblains Plies Sore 'TLroots
FiStulas Rheumatism Sorrr oC alf
Gout Salt Rhcum kjads
Skin 0iscaEoa Scalds
"wcllod Glands Stiff Joints Ulcers Ecnarcal
sores wounds Of all kinds.
*&*SoId at the Manufactures Of Professor
HOLLOWAY, so Maiden Lane, New York, and 2JG
Strand, London, and by all respectable Drug
gsts and Dealers in Medicine throughout tie
United Staios, and tho civilized world, In pots
at 20 cents 62l cents, and ST each.
UJrThoro ia a considerable saving by taking
the larger sizes.
N 10. Directions for tho guidance Of patiegt5
in evory disorder are affixed to each pot.
Dec. 8, iS55--cow.
American union. [volume] (Morgantown, Va. [W. Va.]) 1855-1859, 1856-09-27
ESsaCRRsa f0R' Sale.
SAFE OF
VALUABLE REAL ESTATE.

IN MoNoNGALIA COUNTY, VA.
pursuance OF decree of the Circuit Court
l. ofMonongslis county, render on Saturday
the l3th instant, az special commissioners ap.
pointed by said court, in the case pending in
said court, wherein J. II. Bowlbey, ct al, are
plaintiffs, and Elijah Tarle ton, ct all are deGon-
dants, we will, on the
Fourth Monday in October neat,
that being the first day of the October term Of
the County Court of Monongaia county, in front
Of the court house door in Norgantown, in said
county of Aonongalia, at public outcry, sell to
the highest bidder tho land in the bill and pro-
ceedings mentioned, on credit Of six, twelve
and eighteen months, with interest from the day
OF sale, the purchaser or purchasers are required
to give bosds with approved security and lien
retained on tho land until all the purchase mo-
ney is paid, the said tracts of land lying in Mo-
hongaia county, on the Bridgeport and Nor
gantown Turnpike road, about 8 miles south of
Morgantown. On one tract of said land Elijah
Tarieton resides, and on said Farm there is a
GOOD DWELLING HOUSE,
STABLE i OUT BUILDINGS.
All Of said lands are in go cd state of cultiya-
uon-fne land for grazing and grain or o wing.
The said lands lay well and are well watered.
These Farms possess advantages that no other
farms in the w estern part Of the State do. Nr.
Tarleton heretofore was an extensive dealer in
Stock, consequently the land has been impro
we'd instead OF being reduced by grain growing.
l would suggest to all
StpSA EsassCES Az GFSZEGpS,
to examine this Land before the day of saIe-
We will sell said Tracts of Land in four several
parcels or all in one tract, first crying it sepa-
rately, then all together, then separately, and il
they bring the best price separately or all to-
gether, they will then be sold altogether. The
Land will be sold as plated and laid off by
Col. James Evans, and containing by estimation
some 800 acres. On one small tract of said land
there are a
Good Frame Dwelling House & Saw Mill,
which will be sold separate. Tho title to said
land is thought 10 be indisputable, but selling
ae Commissioned we will only convey such IL
tie as is vested in us by said decree.
E.P. FITCH,
II. l.. BERKSHIRE,
Sept, 81, 1866. Commissioners.
American union. [volume] (Morgantown, Va. [W. Va.]) 1855-1859, 1856-09-27
The Commonwealth of Virginia /:

The Commonwealth of Virginia
10 Ute officers property aatAoriecd to
h0l@ and cond@ct elections in tie com
~ Of Moaongalia, Greeting.
You are hereby commanded and objected 10
cause an election to be hold according to law
on the Tuesday after the rst MonJay-beino
the fourth day ofNovombor next, al the several
places OF Voting in the County Of Monongaa os-
taoiished by law, to elect a Clerk of .he Circuit
court Tor the said county, to supply tho vacancy
occasioned by the death of Col. GEORGE s. RAY.
late clerk of said court Said election to be held
ana conducted, and return thereof made in man
nor aud form as by law required.
Given under my hand and seal this eth day Of
August, 1906, and Slst year of the Common
wealth.
GEO. w. THOMPSON, (Seall
Judge Goth Judicial circuit.
American union. [volume] (Morgantown, Va. [W. Va.]) 1855-1859, 1856-09-27

Reuben Morris, VS.. John S. Graham's Admins
traitors and heirs.
AND
Elisha NJ. Hagans, VS.. John s. Graham, &c.
IN CLdNCERY.
Pursuant TO the provisions OF a Decree Of the
circuit Csurt of Preston county rendered at its
Spring term, 1856, in the above named suits, we
the undersigned Commissioners will sell before
the front door of the Court House in Kingwood
on the first day of the October term of the Coun-
ty Court of Preston, valuable Tract OF LAND
containing 5SM acres, belonging to the Estate
of said Jno. S. Graham, deed. Said sale will be
upon credit Of six, twoIye, eighteen and TWEEN
ty-four months bearing interest from day Of sale,
purchaser executing bond with approved securi-
~ for purchase money.
JOHN a. OLLIE,
EDWARD c. BUNKER,
september v, 1906. Commissioner ere.
American union. [volume] (Morgantown, Va. [W. Va.]) 1855-1859, 1856-09-27
rites dtiIdg EFsgs,gzy..

These aud other distressing complaints can
be oHcctualiy cured iftho Ointment be well rub
ccGH over me parts Affected aad by otherwise
following the printed directions around each
pot.
Daily American organ. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1856, 1856-07-07
BOARD OF COMMON COUNCIL.
THURSDAY, July 8, 1856.

THURSDAY, July 8, 1856.
All the members present, except Mr.. Gordon.
The President called the Board to order, and
stated that 1t had been convened In compliance
with call of the Mayor.
Mr., Bohlayer moved that q committee of tv o
be appointed to wait on the Mayor and inform him
that the Board had met, and was now ready to re-
ceive any communication he might desire to make
which motion was agreed to, and Messrs, Bohlay-
err and Albert were appointed the committee.
After q short absence the committee returned
and reported that they had discharged the duty
assigned them, and that the Mayor had informed
them that he had just sent communication to the
Board.
The President then laid before the Board the
following communication from the Mayor:
MAYORS OFFICE, July 8, 1859.
To the Board of Common Council:
GENTLEMEN: / have convened the two Boards
this day to enable me to return the act entitled
Gan act imposing taxes for the year eighteen hun
dred and 6ty-six, with the reasons for withhold,
ing my approval, which have been transmitted to
the Board of Aldermen, in which the bill origina,
". i. MAeRUDER, Mayor.
Mr. Lloyd, by consent Of three fourths of the
members present, under the rule, introduced bill
making an appropriation to pay the Sealer of
Weights and Measures the increase of salary au-
thorized by the act approved January 25th 1856 !;
which was read three times and passed
Mr.. Albert moved that the Board take recess
of ten minutes; which was agreed to,
The Board having resumed IDS session.
Mr.. Walker, by consent of three-fourths of the
members present. introduced q resolution directing
the Committee on Police to inquire into the expe-
diency of increasing the rates of licenses of the
city; which was adopted, and il was referred to
the Committee on Police M aRee
Mr.. Lloyd, also by consent Of three. fourths of
the members present. introduced bill authorizing
temporary loan for certain purposes which, on
Mr.. LIS motion, was laid on the table until Mon
day a 1893
Mr. Bohlayer moved that the Board adjourn,
which was disagreed to by the following vote
YEAs--Messrs. Baldwin, Bayne, Bohlayer,
Knight, Lloyd, Towles, and Watterston---7.
NAYs--Messrs. Albert, Edmonston, Fisher, JET.
ferson, Kennedy, Ice, Orme, Turton, Walker, and
the Eresident--l0,
In pursuance OF the joint resolution adopted on
the 30th June, the Chair, by unanimous consent,
appointed Messrs. Towles, Lloyd, Gordon, and
Albert, the committee on the part OF this Board to
attend TO the interests Of the Corporation before
Congress. 3Na
MI. Knight moved that the Board take recsss
OF twenty minutes, unless sooner called TO order
by the President which was agreed to.
The Board having again resumed its session
Mr. Turton moved to reconsider the vote nv
which the bill authorizing the Mayor to anticipate
the revenues Of the Corporation to the amount Of
thirty thousand dollars was laid on the table until
Monday next, 4E g1Ernu 0a ~ TI
Daily American organ. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1856, 1856-07-07
CIRCULAR.

The undersigned, members Of the National Ear
Scntive Committee of the american Party, have
pleasure in announcing to the people, that salts
factory arrangements for the future maintenance
of the AHERICAE ORGAN, as an authoritative erpo-
nenf and advocate of the principles of the Anssri
can Party, have been completed.
Recommending its labors, under these new au-
spices, the undersigned cheerfully commend the
AxERIcAs ORGAN to the generous confidence Of
the An,srican Party, in every section of the Con-
federacy, and they hope its columns may command
the widest circulation.
HUMPHREY MARSHALL, ofKy.
SOLOMON g. HAVEN, Of N. Y.
J. MORRISON HARRIS, of Md.
JACOB BROOM, Penn.
WASHINGTON Orr, d. c., May 18th, 1866.
Daily American organ. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1856, 1856-07-07
49, we shall publish durinp this week. |

Hv We shall publish during this week, the
various addresses of Hon. Willard Fillmore in
response to the congratulations rendered him
on his return, at different points from New
York to Buffalo, and put them in pamphlet
form. Not knowing the precise number of
pages they will make, we cannot fix the price,
but simply say that they will be furnished at
usual printers rates for such pamphlets They
are intended as campaign document
Daily American organ. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1856, 1856-07-07

Three-fourths having voted in the affirmative,
the vote was reconsidcred.
The question thsn again recurring on laying the
bill on the table until Monday next, IL was disa-
greed TO.
The bill was then read third time and passed.
On motion of Mr.. Albert, the Board adjourned.
Daily American organ. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1856, 1856-07-07
HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES.
MONDAY. Jnlv 4 lRhR-

The SPEAKER stated the question to be on the
motion heretofore made by Mr.. A. X. MARSHALL,
of Kentucky, to suspend the rules to enable him
to offer a resolution directing the Clerk of the
House to furnish and deliver to each member and
delegate of the House, who have not already re-
ceived them, such numbers and editions of such
books of q public character as were furnished to
the new members and delegates of the last Cor
gress.
The motion to suspend the rules was agreed to,
and the question being on the resolution Of Mr..
SLIDELL--
Mr.. SHERMAN, Of Ohio, moved resolution
for tho same, providing that the members Of the
House, who have not already received them, shall
be entitled to the Same books, or others of equal
value, as we're furnished to the members of the
House of the SD Congress, &c.
Mr.. JONES, Of Tennessee, moved to lay xle
whole subject on the table which motion waA dis
agreed to.
The substitute of HERMAN was thea disa.
greed to--yeas "a, 10.
Mr.. WATSON, of ONO, moved that the resolu-
ton be laid on the table; which motion was mega
tved-yeas rs, nays SO.
The yeas and nays were being taken on the pas
sage Of the resolution when our report closed.
Daily American organ. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1856, 1856-07-07
s. The Wesf..rn Preshyterian Church

c.fhn - WcNsrn Presbyterian Church
~ ps Scn9or celebrated the day very agreeaby
y. tne denerat Fan Ness grounds by invitation from
whose magnificent mansion, spacious and beautiful
Rrouno, as well as his attentive and well-trained
servants were all assigned TO the use Of the school
AID its friends from morning until night Nor were
the usual and appropriate ceremonies entirely omit
ted Mr.. J. W. Easily read the Declaration of lode.
pendence, and appropriate remarks by Mr.. Wilson
and the Pastor preceded the singing of some suitable
hymns. At night, the gayer portion of thu assem-
blage adjourned to the house Of DR. Van Pattep
where, on former Fouth-of-July occasions the
school and its friends Jared sumptuously,
July 7-alt~
Daily American organ. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1856, 1856-07-07
THIRTY-FOURTH CONGRESS
FIRST BKssIoN.

MONDAY, July 4, 1856.


a message was received from the House an
nouncing the passage by that body of the bin ad-
hitting the Territory of Kansas as a State into the
Union; which message was referred TO the Com
mittee on Territories.
A Joint resolution was reported from the Com
mittee on the Post Office and Post Roads, to extend
the mail route between the ports OF Charleston
and Havana. ktFa
A joint resolution was passed, authorizing pay.
ment to VIM. carey Jones' for services in settling
private land claims in California
A resolution was adopted In relation TO certain
post Offices In the State of Iowa.
Several private bills on the calendar were taken
up and disposed Of.
The Senate then proceeded to the discussion of
the veto message ON the bill to remove obstruc-
tons from the mouth of the Mississippi river.-
The bill was discussed by Messrs. SLIDELL and Glass;,
the latter Of whom was speaking when our report
closed.
Daily American organ. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1856, 1856-07-07

MINNESOTA TERRITORIAL letter from gentle
man in this Territory says:
Immigrants are pouring into this beautiful, fer
tile and healthfu Territory with unprecedented ra-
pidity 1t is believed there will be little if any less
than seventy-fv thousand additions to our popu-
ation this year, ,,t..ff 8fas,sr
Daily American organ. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1856, 1856-07-07

Gen. Memucan Hunt, of Texas, died at Mem
phis, Tennessee on the Goth ult. Gen. Hunt was
one of the revolutionary patriots of Texas, and
bore conspicuous part in the public affairs Of that
State, while it was an independent Republic, and
since its annexation to the American Union.
Daily American organ. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1856, 1856-07-07

If there be those either North South who desire
an Administration for the North against the South,
or for the South as against the North they are not
the men who should give their sufrsges 10 me.
For my own part know only my country, my whole
country, and nothing but my country"
(MiILARD FILLMoRE's SPEECH IN NEW YoRK.
The foundation of my preference 10, that Mr.
Fillmore has administered the Executive Govern.
ment with signal success and ability. He has
been tried and found true, faithful honest and con-
scisntious. wish TO say nothing In derogation from
his eminent competitors, (Webstsr and Scott they
have both rendered great services to their country
the one In the field, and the other in the Cabinet
They might possibly administer the government as
well a. Mr.. Fillmore has done. But then neither OF
ted position he now holds and think that prudence
and wisdom had better restrain us from making any
change without necessity for il, the existence OF
which do not perceive. "-Otays letter 10 UHnsdnn,
Aarch 6th, 1852
Daily American organ. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1856, 1856-07-07

Nor CoNvENED.-The proposed National Whil
Convention at Louisville, on the 4th, was not held
What does the Intelligencer intend to do now?
Daily American organ. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1856, 1856-07-07

Lest our contemporary Of the Fra should have
overlooked our challenge 70 him, relative TO the
religion OF Colonel Fremont, we win repeat IL :;
"Will our contemporary say on theautho,ity of Col
Fremont himself, that he Is not a Catholic We
make no war on Catholicism, but we are always
ready to avow what we profess, and we repeat our
question, viii Col ". hinseJ deny that he is q
Catholic ~ 81
Daily American organ. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1856, 1856-07-07

DEcLINArIoN OF Mr.. RAYNER. - The Raleigh
Register publishes letter from the Hon. Kenneth
Rayner (making about two and half columns Of
that paper) to committee of the convention
which recently nominated him for the Vice Presi-
dency Mr.. R., as we were sure he would, de-
clines the nomination, and declares himself for
Fillmore and Donelson the surest hope of the
country. His letter is an eloquent vindication Of
what he deems the true principles Of American
ism, and calm, temperate, and dgnifed EXPOSE
ton of his views in relation to the duty of all true
Americans in the pending contest.
Daily American organ. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1856, 1856-07-07

A meeting of old-line Wings was held in Lees
burg, Harrison county, Kentucky, June 2Sth, and
at il resolution was adopted recommending Mil
lard Fillmore to the Wings of the Union, as ma
tiona, conservative statesman, who deserves their
confidence and support.
Daily American organ. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1856, 1856-07-07

The yeas and nays were being taken on the pas
sage of the resolution when our report closed.
Daily American organ. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1856, 1856-07-07

FILLMORE AND THE UsroN.--The Augusta Geo.
Chronicle thus slludes to Mr.. Fillmore's Albany
speech
Mr.. Flmore's progress through his native State
Ia compared with peculiar felicity TO that Of Harry
Of the West in his palmest days. There are many
points of resemblance between the two illustrious
men their sincere love for the Union, their indy
ing patriotism, their total forgefuness Of SELF their
outspoken chivalrous language, and their noble
presence which "gyes the world assurance of a
man." Since the death of HENRY CLAY, no speech
has produced 80 profound an eifectupon the Amer
lean heart as that delivered by WILLARD FILLMORE
in the Capitol at Albany. 1t has awakened long
silent emotions; it has portrayed in glowing words
the dangers that menace the country; IL has re-
buked the spirit of sectionalism; il has revealed
the shortcomings OF the timid and vacillating it
has caused the faithful to renew their faith from
its fountain head-the Constitution.