New-York daily tribune. [volume] (New-York [N.Y.]) 1842-1866, 1856-02-05

ya<es and vii find one only na.s.er us.l -. hi,s
man, sst Gree furnished happy sones lof 80,
annie Indsed country IN i. irf.nSy ssers h',y 49,
ss ,bibitinr the p.nfsl ssn' Of senli'y and seeAS
srr.reutfn virriuis and the Csi7iinss
II is undoubtedly true that the condition Of the
South sould be vastly aneliorated if its pursuits
were more diversified, if its great facilities iol
mining and manufacturing were improved, and II
us vasteful systems of agriculture were changed
The profts Of capital would be raised, and the pro-
ductiveuess oflabor would be enhanced. To GER
,,;n orient perhaps the free laborer might be bene-
fted BY the greater employment and higher wages
which would result; but the same fatal, o7ershad'
owing evil which has driven him from the field,
woud drive him from the workshop and the fac
tory. Har.t in latere lethalis aruHdO. Even Mr..
Gregg, from whom have quoted above, says that
all orersers ,rho hare experience in the matter gire
"h, decided preference to Haeks as cperaiires Mr..
Montgomery. in bis treatise on the " Cotton Manu-
d" faetures Of The United States Compared rih Great
Britain" states that there sereral cotton fac
q" tories in Tennessee operated entirely by Stare Ia
"Jor. there not being white man in the null but the
(" superintendent." The employment of slaves Is
common everywhere at the South, in factories and
mining. The author Of d" The Future Of the South
de Bows Review, vol. 10, page l46) says that
"he Uaeks are equally serrieeabte in factories as in
fields"
A writer in The MississippiGn says
who" nr 1G vita materials. m,te peg shoes.
Cannot our ssves make plows aud hsrrows The New
Fn1spd states cannot make and send bFek and framed
and therefor. leaned that slaves eaa make
and Jay bek, and perform the wort OF "a s1
manufacturing and WOODEN GOODS they are he soo'e
The statesman like Gov. Hammond, looking at
the matter from statesman's point of view, may
recommend as he does, the employment of poor
whites in factories, as being upon the whole, al
though Immediately less cheap more for the gene
raj good Of the community. Men are not governed
in matters of business by any such consideration az
this. If slave labor is adapted to factories, as 1t
would seem to be, and is cheaper than white labor
as II would also seem 70 be; it will be employed,
be the consequences to the community ever so dis
astrous And where it ia employed at all, it will
be employed exclusively as in the Tennessee facto-
ries from the insuperable repugnance of whites to
labor side by side aud on an equality with black
slaves.
The difficulty in the case is invincible. The
property hoders of the South own vigorous and
seryiceable body of black laborers who can be fed
for $40 per annum and clothed for SlOper annum
who can be kept industrious and preserved from
facilitating vices BY coercion, by no means inap'
in the simpler arts, naturally dOcile, and, under
apy tolerable treatment, 4" fat and sleek; such is
the terrible, the overwhelming, the irresistible
competition, to which the non-property- holding
three quarters Of the whites at the South are SUBJ
iected, when they come into the market with their
labor
II is not wonderful that they seek escape from
the nightmare which broods over them, and fly by
thousands to the refuge Of the Free States. The
census of 1850 found 600, 81 persons living in the
Free States who were born in the Slave States,
while only 2O6, 638 persons born in the Free States
were living in the Slave States The number OF
emerants from Free to Slave States, and from
Slave to Free States, living in 1850 have been care
fully collected from Table CXX, found oil
the 10th page of the Compendium of the
Census of 1850. That Table gives the nativity o.
the uhite ard free eOLOred population without
distinguishing the two classes; but the ''Jree COT
L" ored population is too small, and IFS movement
too slight to affect the substantial accuracy o.
the calculation. On the 1l5th page OF this Com
pendulum is found the following statement:
There are not $50 per,on, Hiring IN Stare holding State
rho are natures Stare holding States, aud 81 liz
lining oESlarshOding Sdte' pao are Hahn o. SIdte
holding Stde'"
This is q manifest error, and supposed at first
that there was a transposition of the numbers, but
upon calculation, find the true numbers to be a
given in the text II is to be observed that the white
population Of the Free States is double that of the
Slave States, so that the per centage Of Southern
whites moving North is six times greater than that
of Northern whites moving South.
1t is 10 be observed also, in reference TO what
little emigration there is from the Free to the Slave
States, that il results from the fact that the dOmes
tic institutions of the latter do not encourage the
development of mercantile enterprise, mechanical
skill and general business capacity, and that the
deficiency in those respects is necessarily supplied
from abroad OF mer, labor, there is absolutely ne
movement from the Free TO the Slave States.
OF the persons who have emigrated from til,
border slave States and who were living in Other
States in 1850, the following table will show thu
numbers living in free and slave States respect
lively:
Living il free Living in slsv
Es,9.a'edJ'o~ States States