davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
New-York daily tribune. [volume] (New-York [N.Y.]) 1842-1866, 1856-01-21

The Columbian Philomathean Union, debating
and literary association, organized May 18TH si7, will
hold their ninth annual soiree at the City Assembly
Rooms on Monday evening, January 2lst. This As
ISOLATION has adopted the plan of holding yearly sorees
for the enjoyment of its members and friends. None
but invitation tickets hsve.been issued for this festi
va
New-York daily tribune. [volume] (New-York [N.Y.]) 1842-1866, 1856-01-21

FIRE -DFPAErxEST BALL.-The Twenty-seventh
Annual Bal OF the New-York Fire Department, takes
place this evening at the Academy of Music, Four
teenth street This Ball is for the benefit Of the
Widow and Orphan Fund, and should receive the
hearty support OF firemen and citizens generally.
New-York daily tribune. [volume] (New-York [N.Y.]) 1842-1866, 1856-01-21

Decrease In l655.............Sl,6N ~
The imports Of dry goods during the week were
OIL Sal against 81 $40 $50, showing for tho Arse
time in several weeks decline. The imports u
general merchandise were also smaller than last yer
having been sl,4l5,s74 against 81, 7Ss,7s2. TAe
eoafc IA, flc week is:
New-York daily tribune. [volume] (New-York [N.Y.]) 1842-1866, 1856-01-21

TIE PooR.-Attention is requested 70 the notice In
our advertising columns OF the Association for lmProv-
ing the Condition of the Poor. The calls upon the
Association for relief about the as last Win
ter yet the receipts have diminished about fifty per
cent
The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1856-01-04

WASHINGTON, Jan. 2, 1856.
No. 19-David Bash the administrators of Maborn
Cooper. Error to High Court of Mississippi. Judge
Curtis delivered the opinion Of the Court affirming the
decree Of said court, with COSTS
No. 24--United States vs.. Catesby, appleaded with
Roger Jones. Judge Grier delivered the Courts opinion
affirming the judgment Of the Circuit Court of the Dis
trict Of Columbia
No 119-Isaac Hartshorn Horace Day. The cause,
having been prematurely docseted by defendant,
ordered to be STRICKEN of the rolls.
No. 32--Robert A. Parker ct al VS.. William Overman.
Argument continued by Mr. Lawrence for appellee,
and concluded by Mr.. Bryan for appellants.
Holmes ct al Argument commenced by Bib, for appel
lants Fendall and Tracy for appellees.
WASHINGTON Jan. 3, 1855.
No 27.-Louis Curtis ct al Therese Pettjbain and
wife, Victor Este ct al Error to Circuit Court for the
Eastern district of Louisiana Judge Campbell delivered
the decision of the Court Diminishing the with cost
the transcript not being in conformity with the eleventh
the Circuit Court not of nature to be examined by
This Court.
No. 2-Henry R. W. Hills executor, VS.. James J..
Meek ct aAppeal from the Circuit Court for the South
district of Mississippi Judge Catron affirmed the de-
Of the Circuit Court, with costs
No. 21.-Wm. T. Miner ct al Charles Cr0mmelin.-
Error Of the Supreme Court of Alabama. Judge Catron
reversed the decree Of the Supreme Court nth costs
No. 33-Edward c. Richards ct AL appellants, Syl-
vanus Holmes ct al. Argument concluded by Mr. Bbb
for appellants.
No 34-Wm. Jones ct al, plaintiffs, VIM. S. John
ston Argument comEaencsd Mr.. S. Cameron for plain
ifs. Adjourned
The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1856-01-04
Another spanish Outrage.
FIRIN0 INTO THE AMERICAN SHIP LIBERTY BY

SPANISH CRUISERS
Captain Benjamin Atkins, Of the ship Liberty, who ar
rived 1t this port the LIST inst, from New orleans,
states that Thursday Dec. 90 the Pan Of Natnzas
bearing South and distant from the land four mee at
$3.50 p NJ tackled off shore; time brig to the
eastward running before the wind under her topails
the ship wesmorelaDd, Of Philadelphia from New Or
leads bound Liverpool in company and to windward Of
strange brig OF her. The brig hosted the Spanish
coors hauled up and gave chase to her. Hoisted
sign the peak thereby showing our nationality kept
them flying ten minutes, and hauled them down. The
brig finding the Westmoresnd outsaing her then bore
up before tie wind and down for u.s. keeping
course the wind When Off weather quar- Ter, she
hauled to. edging down upon Ito which we paid no
attention, having previously shown ou- colore) we
forging ahead, and working TO windya CT her When
in wake, che swung off broadsoe to- and fred gan
Of We then backed mizzen topsa and again set
coors she keeping after and falling to leeyard for
half hour, ard frereaching upon us, until she came
within hailing distance lee quarter We were
then hailed from the brig, and told that might go
ON This hail being in English Captain Atkins demand
ed pointing to the coors Why have you detained my
ship and Why do you insult that aag?" to whh res
popse was given he putting his helm up and going CT
before the wind hauling his coors Gown at the same
time. Filled away the mizzen topsail, and kept our
course The brig pierced for ten guns With quarter
galleries; had two quarter ats, painted white had
large complement Ct men. Topmen were alo ready to
Cross topgallant yards, and the apparently at
quarters BENJAMIN ATKINS,
Master shi Liberty.
The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1856-01-04

Is SEBAsToPoI. TAKEN p Some tine ago, it
used to be common for the newspapers to
head their news from Europe with the sar-
castle words" Sebastopol not taken" About
the end Of last September, this flag was haul
cd down; and in its stead, the words, "Fall
of Sebastopol" louTished at the head of many
and many column. OF late the propriety of
this heading has been questioned: many per-
sons contending that as the Russians were still
in the possession OF the EOrth side Of the bay
the Allies could not be said to have taken the
place. The question resolved itself into ano
Their, namely, what is Scbastopol? where does
it lie.
In England, these questions were discussed
deliberately. Many heavy bets depended on
the decision, and whatever information could
be obtained from books and the reports of army
officers was brought to bear. After patient
investigation, the head authority in betting
matters-BMs Life IN London decided that
Sebastopol was not taken, and that all bets on
its capture must be held in allegiance for the
present.
About the same time, singularly enough, the
question seems to have been debated at ST.
Petersburg. twas settled there by an official
document from the Russian Admiralty from
which we give extracts elsewhere. This
document states that it is erroneous to
NE the expression The southern city of
Sebastopol as contradistinguished from
the northern: that there is but one city
OF Sebastopo, which is situated on the southern
side of the bay, and is in the possession Of the
Allies These are the arsenal the storehouses,
the naval establishment, the admiralty, the
barracks, the hospitals, the suburbs, the
churches, the port, and the whole of the naval
and military establishments; whereas on the
northern side there are neither suburbs nor
stoIehouses, nor dwellings, nor barracks--no-
thing in short, which constitutes city.
The Russian decision is, therefore, that Sc.
bsstope Las fallen; and as II was theirs to lose,
they may be supposed to know where and
What IL is better than foreigners. We fnd,
Il ON the letter of our correspondent ct Sim
phtIopol that this is the impression at the Rus
Sian headquarters In the Crimea, as well as at
81. Petersburg. Our correspondent writes that
The Emperor departed southwark for the pur-
pose Of inspecting the Notifications opposite Sc
la,iepoi" Evidently be and those with whom
he associates did not consider the north side as
4 part OF Sebastopol.
Gentlemen who have wagers that Sebastopol
vil not be taken, had better therefore pay up.
BsTs lie to the contrary notwithstanding.
The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1856-01-04

NEW YORK Hrs ,Lp-EprqoS FOR WROTE.
Tho Collins n.sil s,cams hip ra-as CAPT. hrilg wn
sAve this port at rcon, for Liverpool
The Eufopssn tails will ele.7 N this ely A. = pat
tsn o'elcek tororro mornior
rhe HERALD printed In Pr sish and f-easAs all be
psshed cine o'coss in So morning sirg u copies
10 wrappers, -ixpenee.
SubscrtPteas and aiversxements for any edition o.
EEw Yosx HERALD vii he received a. - Solo sing
places in Ee-ope:-
LosDeE sra. Eurepesu Express Or ass Is nrnhi.
Pans do !lass- We Ia Rpur-e
LvEhPoSI-- do. do. Esmfirc street.
LIviauooz-- John HunAe-, u Exchange s;zset, Fast
The CONSENTS the european esitsnn cf The HNtltb
VII emsrsce the received o. mai and telegraph ~
aAe socsauring Y-evious week nd to the hour o.
DuhEcat
The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1856-01-04
Com n,Issicnsrs Of I,myor,t,o,


The Board met on Wednesday, but did nothing ppor
lance. The following will be found intere sting -
FsANc1s FOR THE YEAR ENDING DEC. 81, 1855.
Balance in Bark January /, 1855. SCI le2 40
Apgre gate receipts to Dec 20, I" 1853, 875 16
Received iince to and inclusive of
31st, for Commissioners of alien
passengers, &C., &c........... 1891 OS-36s 4e6 "a
Disbursements to Dec. 90, 1856. 480 ai7 10
Sundry expenses Of Dec IL, 10
and 20, paid Dec 2e, 1866. vi 742 G4-de2 $50 II
Overdraft Dec. 81, 1856. Observation-Disclosures 500 O3l or
Rr1uRS NMATns, ETC, FOR ENDING JAM 3 1855
1856. 1855
o. inmates In institution Wards Island. 1,043 1884
NJ Hospital, 13f $50
2,077 3,743
Nc OF alien passengers arrived to Dec 26 1867 1874 9e
No Of alien passengers arrived SINCE to, and 31st
inclusive, ........... 1,236
tai for the year ending l855....,...... 138 233
/" lSe9..,............. 310, 223
Iecresse ",,.""",u,,,u,.,,,,, 1s2, s90
The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1856-01-04

TROUBLE n THE CRY DaPARrNESrs-Th
is some excitement among the city politicians
relative to the peculiar appoin 'ments said to
be on the states Of the lately elected heads Of
the city departments There have Lecn recent
additions to Know Nothing councils that At
tract considerable attention, and there pro. misses
to he an interesting time in and around The
City Hall during the coming week.
The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1856-01-04

THr5 Ew YORK E;RALD-cALissRS IA EDITION.
The raited States Ill steamship George Law Captain
Herndsn wa leave this port tonorros atsrnoon a.
swo O'Clock, for Asp4zwaI.
e sils for California and other parts Of the Pacific
win slcee at oie,o.k.
Nbe New YORK v EEKLY HEaAID--~slfornia clifton
sosMlnipg the laest intelligence from all parts Of the
work. will be pubA at eleven clock IN the m,rniag
Single copies in wrappers ready fer mailing, s;xpence
Agents viii pesse1end in their orders early pos
~.hlo
The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1856-01-04
Ffxe Mt Buffalo.

BUFFALO, Jan. g. 1856.
The store No. ia Main street. in this city, occupied
BY Mr. Whitehead, uphoisterer and Mr. Brge dealer in
Ioperhsngings destroyed by FIRE this morning The
loss Of the for is about 600 and Of the latter
both mostly covered by insurance The building was
by J. W. Green, of New York The occupants Of
the adjoining buildings aimed slight losses from
water &C.
The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1856-01-04

DEAD HoRsEs.-This is the season for dead
horses Complaints are made that their car
cases are permitted to lie in the streets for
days together, because Mr.. Comptroller Flagg
chaffers about and postpones the payment Of
the expenses OF their removal We trust our
new City Inspector will assume the response
bility OF having these dead horses carried
away, with or without the consent of Mr..
Flagg, whose ideas Of economy are somewhat
peculiar.
The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1856-01-04


Dues.
We lay before our r. aders in this paper the
official correspondence between our govern
ment and tha. Of Denmark on the Danish
Sound tolls Our readers, especially OF the
mercantile classes, viii peruse this cerrespon-
dence with interest and satisfaction, bee luse,
W. ether brought to final settlement by this
administration or carried over TO the cext, the
agitation of The subject thus commcrced eau
only end In the extinguishment Of this old
feuds, tribute, so long colle:ted at the gates of
the Belize from the commerce Of the world,
the United States inclusive, that orr worthy
friends, The Danes, seriously discuss !. rs one
of their divine rights.
The material points presented in this ceres
pondepee are
First The notification given by Mr.. Bedin-
ger, our Minister at Copenhagen, on tie lith
April, lcj5, that one year from that date the
United States will treat the convention rcga-
lating the tolls exacted from our comEerce as
a nullty.
Second. Denmark agrees to this under the
consoling idea that the United States will be
ready &c supply the place of the old treaty
with new one regulating these Sound assess
ments.
Third Mr.. Marcy politely informs the Da-
nish government that his meaning Of the
quashing of the existing treaty involves.e de-
termination on the part Of the United States
to cease paying these Sound tolls altogether,
on the ground that they cover, ont-and out an
unjust and insufIerable principle Of extortiou
upon tbes1ights OF commerce to free passage
through one of the great highways of trade.
Fourth. a circular, embracing proposition
from the Danish government to all the nations
interested, including the United States, to meet
in general convention at Copenhagen, for the
purpose of some deiipite and general under
standing or the subject.
Fifth. The refusal Of our government to be a
party in that convention, on the ground that il
is intended Herein to siuk the immediate issue
in some general arrangement of the "bllance
Of power in the Old World, with which The
New World has 2othing to do.
Sixth. The United States, in lieu Of the Sound
tolls, viii cbaerfoAy pay liberal per centage
for the expenses of such lighthouses, hloys
W; - last bI'u " Is sIc1ttu
tanned by Denmark Cor the benefit of com
merce.
And here the matter Glands. II must, how
ever, be brought TO some solution by the 18th
OF April next, or then, O. shortly thereafter,
some American vessel will bring the question
TO direct test, in running. or attempting to
run the Sound without the payment of cent
of toll, Our only fear is that, as usual, having
brought the controversy to the fighting point
our administration may back out aud leave
our commerce, in default Of any treaty, sub
ject to such cyactions az Denmark may think
it to make, under the conniyancc OF England
and France. We bcsoech our administration
to maintain its ground, keeping steadily 10
view the example Of Thomas Jefferson with the
Dey Of Algiers. The two Gates are somewhat
different but the principle in both Is subsian.
tally the same--au uDWaTrantable interruption
Of the free passage Of one OF the Highways 81
the worlds commerce.
The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1856-01-04
Message Of Governor Gardner, OF nassa-
chusetts.

a Boston, Jan. 8, 1856.
Governor Gardner's message delivered to the Ie
gislature to-day. He recommends twenty-one years.
residence Of foreign born citizens and ability to read and
write before they allowed to VOTE deprecates the pas
sage Of the Personal Liberty act the last legislature
and urges its speedy suggests reduction of the
number Of members of the popular branch of the Iegls
ture and denounces lobbying legislation The message
is strongly native American In its tone.
The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1856-01-04
The New Mall Route Between Cairo, Ill.,, and
New Orleans.

CAIRO, H., Jan ?, 1856.
The contract for carrying daily mail between this
city ard New Orleans went into effect yesterday and
the fret steamer in tie seryice the Niagara left here
last night The instructions Of the Postmaster General
on the subject require the employment Of frs: class
bosts the tine allowed from Cairo to New Orleans being
five Gays, and from New Orleans Cairo six days The
beats ale TO leave here daily at 5 PM
The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1856-01-04

PREACHING yrrsts PRACIicE--Thc Richmond
Why commenting npon the Presidents Mes.
sage, Gays =" While Mr. Pierce breaches well
he acts bad. 10 he patronage which h. has
lavished upon the tofts aud free soiIcrs of the
North are we IN sD eminent degree indebted
for the rapid increase Of those dctestable fac.
tions" Just 50. How Mr. John Cochrane a
Co., Of the Custom House, must have laughed
in their sleeves on reading the preaching Of
Mr. Pierce on the nigger question, a. contrast
Cd with his practice IN the division 81 tho
spoils.
The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1856-01-04

WAR oS EVERY SIDE We are threatened by
Messrs. Pierce and Marcy with war with Eng
land and war with Denmark: and now We are
Informed that the American ship Liberty
(mark that--Liberty,) on her voyage from
New Orleans, was, when a. MatanzDs, fired
into by an armed vessel bearing the Spanish
flag. Shall our liberty be assailed Ia this
way with IMMUNITY? shall this outrage 20 IN
redressed. No in for a penny, 10 for
pound Let III. Pierce send ND message AT
once to Congress, declaring that in addition
to England and Denmark We must have 4
war with Spain. Liberty forever
The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1856-01-04

MArcoLtTA VS.. FREycH-We see that Senior
Marcoleia was received at the White House on
New Years day. as the Minister from Nicara-
qua, while Parker ii. French kept aloof. The
lsttsr. however, il is said, intends to zee the
r. No ou' Al Wellington. Another wer, per.
baIg.
The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1856-01-04
PcunsyIyanla Lecislnture.

1fAKI5sBC
The Senate has ccncurred in the House resolution fix
ing the 14h day Of January for the election Of United
States Senator in The place Of Mr. Cooper.
The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1856-01-04

BACK AGAIN. Prince John Van Buren, has
returned to his ancient headquarters at Alba
ny, and appears 70 be working diligently to
get up another regency, upon joint stock
basis between the hards and softs. The good
results OF his visit are already illustrated in
the harmony (such as it is) of the two factions
Of the Legislature. What blessed thing is
harmony What q public benefactor is the
Princel
The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1856-01-04
Maryland Legislature

BALTIMORE, Jan. O. 1885,
The organization Of our State Lgislature was com
peted to-day. The House elected Mr. Traverse Ameri
can Of this city, Speaker, and Mr. Garthsr President of
the last Senate, called to the chair of the Senate
The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1856-01-04

INTERESTING TO MILITARY MrS.-rhe Fourth Annual
Convention OF the Military Association Of the Sa-e of
New YORK viii be held a! Buffalo the s.h ios.art
The annual address will be delivered by Gen A. H. Pres
colt M mber Of the Assembly. There ough, 10 be full
attendance as these conventions are valuable means for
The perfection OF the state Mill ia
The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1856-01-04
Further frsna Mexico.

BALTIMORE Jan 8, 1865.
The New Orleans mails of Wednesday and Thursday Of
last week received.
The papers contain the details of the Mexican advices
to the 10Th ult. The country was in great disorder
Comcnfort had formally taken possession of the Pres
dency.
The steamer benjamin Franklin had arrived OF Vera
The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1856-01-04
Stabhing In New Orleans.

BALTIMORE, Jan y, 1900.
Iour men were stabbed in New Orleans on Christmas
osy Two OF them have died and the two Others vera
not expected to i've
The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1856-01-04
Heavy Rains and Feara OF Ereshets In the
South.
COLUMBIA, $. c., Jan. 3, Isl

COLUMBIA, s. c. Jan. 3, 1866.
II has raned almost continually in this locality during
the past two weeks The rivers very FULL and great
aTpIehensions entertained Of a destructive freshes
has raned in torrents for the last twenty four hors
and still continues
The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1856-01-04

Dos'r FORGET that the National Democratic
Executive Coumittec meet in Washington on
the eighth, to appoint the day fo- the meeting
of the Cincinnati Convention. Let our New
York softs look to it. They are in danger.
The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1856-01-04
BALTIMORE CATTLE MARKET.

BALTIMORE, Jan. 8, 1856.
AZ our cattle market 700 beeves offered OF which
co were driven and the balance sold at So 80 rs net
Hogs were In large supply and dull Sales at 81 20
81 so rer lCO Lbs.
The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1856-01-04
MnEketSs
PHILADELPHIA STOCK BOARD.

PHILADELPHIA STOCK BOARD.
PniIADnPHiA jan 3, 1856.
Stocks dull We quote Pennsylvania fves, s2ls; Read
ing Railroad 4o Loug leland Railroad 13Is; Morris
Canal, 13; Penn ylyania Railroad, 43a.
The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1856-01-04
III K L A tt ct N X w 8
BY ELECTRIC AND PRINTING TELeGRApAs.
Non-ArrivAi or the Canada.

HALIFAX, Jan. SO p. NJ
The steamship Canada Ii now in her thirteenth day,
and may Be considered fully due but up to the present
moment there are no signs Of her.
The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1856-01-04
Personal IAfalliuene.

Francis lieber has just closed connect IN Ct twenty
years standing with the college Of South Carolina by re-
gripg his Proies,orship Of Political Economy dis in
gnish.d, and, In bs way, famous man. Az OLD soldier
Of Waterloo Scared by French ball ssord TIE friend
Ct Niebuhr the associate Of Byrn Ia the Grees Death
strugge in his rirer years deep thinker .ho.ou
master Of political economy and all Kindred science aua
author CT our best compendium Ct political ehc.. Tney
viii miss him at Colrmbs, wsuld think.
The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1856-01-04

their ballots for Washington sAith, al O a whig.
There 10 an understood rule in the Boz nd that the
presiding officer shall be taken alterns telv from the
two parties; and as Isaac TownseS "a. democrat,
held that position last year, whg ia entitled to the
honor this year. but the difficulty at present appears
TO be personal and not polit cal one. The aisor
ganizsiion OF the Board is very ridiculous stair,
and is evidently small IL ,itation of what trans
piring at Albany and Was aington.
The Board Of Manage IA of the New York Bible
society held regular monthly meeting last even
ing at their room, AS or place In the absence Of
the President, Mr.. HYDE was called to the chair
The matters consis cred by the members were of no
general importw zee, consisting principally Of the
regular routine business After hearing the re-
ports Of Il " committees an adjournment was
moved and A. reed upon.
The steam er Plymouth Rock rezlained ashore at
Hart ISLAM az last accounts, the steam tug sent to
her assist ance having failed to get her or The
high tide which prevail at prese.t are much n her
favor, "A she viii probably be got afoat in day
or two
Tn sales OF cogseu yesterday were confined to 500
as1 bales, at steady prices flour was less active
and saleable al t previous days prices, as deai rs
~ re waiting the receipt Of iaer foreign news, and
asn,ss was rather restricted. Wheat was I'M
changed, with little doing beyond q cargo of COM
mon red Tennessee, at 81 a.. Corn was frmer, and
l 10000 buslssls old we-tcra mixed were purchased
by one party FOR export, ct 92c 94c., frem store
and delivered. Pork opeced with q better feeling
with sales at 81 for mos, but at the close 100 bbs
do. cold az SO IS. Beef and lard were dull. CD;
| meats wex active, with sales OF 800 boxes long
middles RI In, deliverable this month, alongside
ship. az &C. Sugar anl coffee were steady but
quiet. Freghts-Elgagement to English ports
were llglr; 10 Antwerp, $4,000 bushels rye were
| engaged, IN ships bars, at l3ic.
The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1856-01-04

Diaries for fs5G,--30 Varieties az sizes nns
syles-cr The pocket ofce and desk use Al - safge.
mir diaries, for ladies' reers and holiday pts qw,ss 49,
Is; &c 1c 81 retail or BY ~ dozen odessrs ~ p,ces
by The publishers, -
Rich LOUlEEL, slsiouers, u U.Gla1a.