davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Spirit of the age. [volume] (Raleigh, N.C.) 1849-1865, 1856-07-16

The distinguished DIR. Mussey has recent
" delivered an able Lecture on the effects of
oil upon the human system, and the in
comfortable power Of appetite, when once
formed, for alcoholic beverages. He argues
that the very fact that strong drink produc-
es such an indomitable appetite, shows it to
be a poison of no ordinary stamp. How diff
ferent it's effects from the simple and safe
beverage prepared for man, by the benevo-
lent Creator !! The appetite for water in a
healthy individual, is regulated by the wants
Of the organs. When that fluid is deficient
in the blood, there is thirst-when the supply
pint of water to-day, creates no appetite for
the drinking of more than a pint tomorrow.
This beverage s~ustains the healthy functions
of the several organs of the body, while alco-
hol disturbs and deranges these functions,
creates disease, and shortens life. Like arse
mic, foxglove, and lead, it's effects are cumu-
lative. Men sometimes die Of delirium ire
mems, who have been habitual t~ipplers, but
not drunkards-what kills them? The first
OOSC3 GIC 1doGu OSS, JIG GcuGl, VI Tic uuuur0QLl!
Must not the result be the accumulated effect
of the whole
TIL appetite of the Incorporate man has been
fifty compared to that of the tiger for blood.
That animal, it is said, may be tanned and
made docile SO long as he is kept from the
smell and taste of blood, but the moment
blood touches his tongue his ~ferocity returns
with all its terrors. So the appetite of the
drunkard, merges every consideration con-
nected with social position and moral respon-
sibility. In the State Of New York, w thou
sand five hundred reformed drunkards were
in one year brought back to confirmed intern
perance by tasting fermented liquors.
What a comparatively happy world world
this be, if Intoxicating drink could be put out
of it. How remarkable that moderate drink
!. ing, the regular process by which drunkards
| are made, should be seriously opposed to this
remedy for intemperance. 1t has been al
legged that the drinking of wine and beer, vii
effect a cure, and yet these two articles KEEP
f the world drunk for centuries upon centuries
: before distillation was known.
There is but one remedy, namely, tota
abstinence from all that can intoxicate.
Spirit of the age. [volume] (Raleigh, N.C.) 1849-1865, 1856-07-16

BS@ Sleeping in church can be easily TOD
Grated if you are quiet about it, but when
you snore loud enough to wake up your
neighbors who have disposed Of themselves
in a similar manner, it becomes an akom;na.
BILE nuisance. Sleep gently. Ab=amt
Spirit of the age. [volume] (Raleigh, N.C.) 1849-1865, 1856-07-16

A pleasant trdreling companion, and one
that no traveller should be without is Perry
Davis Pain Killer. A sudden attack of di-
arrhoea, dysentry or cholera morbus can be
etecsually and instantaneously relieved by it.
Spirit of the age. [volume] (Raleigh, N.C.) 1849-1865, 1856-07-16
Chat with Correspondents.

Our most excellent friend and brother, Jo-
seph P. Smith, Esq, of Wadeshoro', greets
us with a Club Of THIRTY new subscribers,
and says-tThis small list has been made
up in about two hours. | hope to send you
more of the same sort" The reception of
such a letter inspired us with fresh courage
to labor in the good cause, while it filed our
heart with gratitude to the noble friend who
had thus successfully contributed to the
support of our paper. The extreme modesty
Of our esteemed friend Smith, prevents US
from saying what we would like to express
concerning him. We have known him long
and we'll, and we know anobler spirit and a
truer Temperance man does not breathe
O for more 10. Smiths. This list makes So
copies ofthe Age sent to Wadesboro'. Room
for more yet.
Our good friend, Rev. B. Clegg sends us a
club from Mocksville, and says more will be
on the way soon. We hope to hear from
him often, in this way, and also in some OF
| his finished contributions for our columns.
Bro. J. G. Lentz, at Mt. Pleasant, Cabar
rus county, forwarded a club of five, and
: says" This is the first club | have SEN
you, but it shall not be my last" We regre
his contemplated removal, but hope health
Spirit of the age. [volume] (Raleigh, N.C.) 1849-1865, 1856-07-16

B@ A meeting Of Concord Division, No.
|, Sons of Temperance, will be held on
Saturday night next. Every member is ear
nestly requested to be present.
Spirit of the age. [volume] (Raleigh, N.C.) 1849-1865, 1856-07-16
Appetite for Strong Drink.

ng Every Paper in the State is respectful
Y requested to copy.
New-York daily tribune. [volume] (New-York [N.Y.]) 1842-1866, 1856-10-20

,our.f but for your tlo~ man-snd Of IT, eI.snss,ni
n Won would lie TO gil ell Terrtories IN The Wet
vih nee,o Slavery that there Fll be 10 ne coaD-
nv where your children and sh,drens onisdres can
20. in order To get Themselves farns or b"nes 1u,
etere they vi have TO work song-de OF toe degraded
slave and for slaves wages. If you ~sn 20 Sc
Kspua Slave State and made 20 by oppression and
outrage and nstious infany; II such are your sen
fnerrs and wishes-your curse u GEAR 'ot
for james Buchanan. Or, if You do no, WISH 10
vote directly for him, vote for MIllsrd Fillmore and
then in case Buchanan b elected and these Prlncipe-
and measures carried out you will bave the pleasure d
knowing tha, VT lie you helped 10 elect nia yoo pre-
tended 10 oo Yourself with the idea that you were MOI
doing So Do not throw awss your vote-y 'ur coub'ry
needs IT, IL is worth while 20 make one more ehprt 20
save II il Republic from despotsm and ruin-the Str
of Hope 10 the oppressed nations Of the earh-peenl-
e. a. il IT, with the blessings and Joys and deaTes III
te'ests OF millions We. unborn. II you se opposed 70
tie d..potism Of Slavery, ard TO IL extension mo
Free Territory your course is also cear-voe ior Ere
mont and Freedom; vote for the Pathfinder 81 Empire
tile CopGueror Of Calforna-the II unit oldt OF Amer
i,s-snd the man who placed the STAR OF the Amerl-
can Constellation nearer the Siars of Heaven than any
oher man. Rise above party and party prtJudlces
b. nj esun6er the shackles that bind you be no longer
the slave to Slavery itself be a free man-and do your
duty. Vote for John G. FremOnt-the Man fur the
TImes-our Countrys Second Washington.
New-York daily tribune. [volume] (New-York [N.Y.]) 1842-1866, 1856-10-20
-FOUR WEEK
LATER FROM NICARAGUA.
ARRIVAL OF THE TENAS.
THE ARMY AT GRANADA.
A BATTLE EXPECTED.
SLAVERY RESTORED,

The steamship Texas. Capt. Thos. Forbes, arrived
on Saturdayevenng from San Juan del Norte bringing
40 passengers, sl56 653 freight, and Clliornia
dates to SEPT. 70.
In Nicaragua everything was quiet. There has been
no trouble upon the transit routehe San Juan River
heir hirb and the route in most excellent condition
The wharf of Virgin Bay nearly rebuilt, so that the
steamers now land their passengers upon it. At San
Juan del Sur the wharf will be completed before the
next ar1ival of passengers from the United States.
The Texas got aground while under the pilot,
charge in the barber of San Juan on the 9Th inst,
and WAS detained about 30 hours. She got of by
assistance from II. b. NJ steam frigate Arrogant,
Capt LISTER, and II. b. NJ. steam soop of war Victor
Capt. De Arey having been obliged to discharge her
passengers aud part of her Goals.
From Cape Florida she met a succession of heavy
northeast gales, and put into Norfolk for supplies
General Walker was concentrating his forces at Ora
NADIA TO await an attack from the combined armies OF
the Central American States. Walkers army now
numbers ! 100 Americans, having been joined by
Coils Kerden and Saunders and 10 recruits by the
last San Francisco steamer. The enemy number
about 5000 mostly natives. 1t was expected that
decisive battle would be fought about the 10th inst.
Car, Peter Shepherd, aged = year, died at San
Juan del Norte Oct. lie was the oldest white res
ident of that place, and the original grantee OF the
famous Shepherd Grant
The Texas left in the port of san Juan, Oct. ., the
following English steamers Orion, hne'oi-batle SHIP
81 guns lmpereuse, frigate, % guns; Arrogant ing
ate. A guns; Archer sloop OF war; 4guns; Intrepid,
gun boat, guns; Pioneer, gun boat, guns; Victor,
gun boat, guns; Euglish mail steamer Solent, and
American brig Governor Marcy from Jamaica, with
coals The English sloOp Of war Cossack, 70 guns,
sailed a cruise, Oct. Ia.
The following is the specie LIST OF the Texas;
Cha. Morgan ~
O. II. Wines Co....-...........'.''''''' l'ioS %
{. Durand.. o'N W.
To,I.............. $3.50 553 TO
We are indebted to Purser Hatch OF the Texas tor
memoranda and papers.
New-York daily tribune. [volume] (New-York [N.Y.]) 1842-1866, 1856-10-20
CONNECTICUT.
,orr..oouaepe. o, The N. Y. Tribune.

CoTespondence OF The II. 7. IfIDuHe = -
HARTFORD, CT, Friday, Oct; IL, 80.
Perhaps you wish to know word aooa. nepSs
Tcan;sm here. We are active. Our new wooaeu
tent 1.-THE hut" will hold any quantity. n.
Tuesday last. Mr.. Swift of Boston addressed ea !
full and appauding audience with hi. known e." g rs
ity. "Wednesday night was set apart l loi s 10
mass meeting Of mechanics and wofA ,sst;es Of
hear Mr.. W. H. Fry, and the greatest mse.s
The kind ever held was the result. The enthusiast .
81 The workinemen surpassed description. Inc
gallery was crowded with ladies' At the eonH sOars
Of NJ. Fy's speech, which lasted some three ''''
New-York daily tribune. [volume] (New-York [N.Y.]) 1842-1866, 1856-10-20
ARMY PROMOTIONS, RESERVATIONS AND
ENVIRONMENTS
From FL NiedragHeH'e, OCT T.

From FL NicdragaeHse OCT T.
Douglass j. wilkins appointed Captain.
Padre T. Rossiter is appointed Chaplain OF The Army
with nav and emouments of captain.
Oscar CT omoy, appointed Captain Company Y, Sec
Lieutenant j. VI. Finncy, Ail-deCainp to the Com
manderin- Chief promoted Captain and assigned to
command OF the Transit Rangers
Douglass j. wilkins resigned his COMMISSION ~ q
Esptan l.. Engelhart resigned his commission o.
captain in the army. ,-,.,
The order appointing Charles A. RakieIew'es ssP-
tain has been revoked. ~
Second Lieutenant and Adjutant Morton l.. Webb,
Granted leave Of absence for sixty days
Lieutenant Colonel T.. II. Mcdonald, Second Rifles
granted leave of absence.
Tie four companies Of new recruits recently AZ
rived have been assigned follows, by general ORDER
No. E3:
COMPANY A, Capt Walters. TO First Infantry.
COMPANY H. Capt, Rakielewicz, to Second Infantry
Company {, Capt. Russell, to Fnst Infantry
Company ID, Capt. Grant, to Second Infantry
The letters of companies A and will be changedn
and Of the First Infantry, and companies and ID
will be ettered G. and F. Second Infantry.
By general order No. l73, the battaons of Light In.
fanry viii hereafter be designated as the First and
Second Batalions Of Infantry of the Incl and Wilt
drilled in the Infantry movements according to Scots
tactics.
The three companies of the Second Rifles have been
consolidated into two companies, under the direction
of Major Csycee.
New-York daily tribune. [volume] (New-York [N.Y.]) 1842-1866, 1856-10-20
EXECUTION OF LIEUTENANT JENNINGS ES-
TELLE, N. A. HIS DYING DECLARATION.

TELLE N. A. HIS DYING DECLARAIlOS.
Frca III hiodydguen.e, Sept % 49,,
At clock D. m. the evening I FIR day, the iNn
inst Second Lieut.. Jennings Est.l suffered the en
IRENE penalty of the law by being shot on the Phza
for the murder of Second Lieutenant Charles Gordon
in the Guard House. in the City Of Granada while act
ing officer of lbe guard.
Estelle had been previously arrested for shooting
Thos. Edw ards and was when he committed the unfof'
tunate act for which be suffered DEATH prisoner c,a
fined TO his quarters He had fair and impartial trial,
ard the gentlemen who sat in judgment upon him gave
him every opportunity to establish defense, but IN
THE he utterly failed. The deed was committed with
cut any proyocation, or without any aggravstng en-
cumstance. He sentenced TO be hung but ne
COmmander-iu- Chief caused it TO be 40 far mihgsted
a. to allow him to be shot. .
There was large concourse gathered TO witness The
execution. Estolle walked with firm step BY the sde
of reverend father of the church, wbs prayed with
him and for him from the Guard House " the place oil
execution. ,
When be arrived at the spot where he was TO breathe
bis ast he requested that his hands might be united
as he wished 10 address the crowd This request oeng
granted he spoke in firm, unfalterlng voice. IN nH
speech he asked forgvenes OF the officers ana soe
Of the Ncaraguan army. Voices responded non u'e
crowd, "God forgive you" ,,,,.... A.,
While in prison he wrote WOODWORKING adui"e, "h1sA1
NC 'e4O''''0 GRANADA, Sept, Is, 1856.
Tleee are the dying declarations Of Jennings Es-
,eIe: wa born in Marshsll, Tennessee, in the year
1888 and was raised from ,d ny GaiSys IN h isp
ON the road had difficulty with man of the name
of How ard, and shot him. afterward shot man OF
the name of Hays, but the wound did not happen 70
prove fatal. In The same year had a dlihcnty WIZ
Charles Robinson, snd stabbed him in three places
Nv last two difficulties while in CALIFORNIA; occurred
at the State Prison. where had been employed for ns
last two years After getting in the last scraPs
cane TO Nicaragua, and shot Thomas Edwards !
afterward shot Charles Gordon. must say that 10 o.
NY difficulties | was BOT once in my right mnd.
Twice had been forgiven, and hope TO be forgiven
for them all. think there IL God in Hesvea tns.
will and cen forgive and he knows, and know, tn@
il was not that killed Charles Gordon. 1t was wins
Ky and my crazy mind that did it. l say that vas
lot in my right mind when did the deed and Goo
knows IT. Forgive me, officers and soldiers, and es
die happy man. don't write this because uinA
ought not to die. for think that my time has COME
and that ju.tce has been done me. Fellow soldiers;
remember what has brought me to this desth-yoo.'
know it as well as do. My humble prayer tns'
may be forgiven. JEssIsas EsIhL.; -
His body, as soon as life was extinct, was put
good coffin and cecently inferred.
New-York daily tribune. [volume] (New-York [N.Y.]) 1842-1866, 1856-10-20
LABOR CONTRACTS DEFINED-THE SLAVE
RS QUESTION.

On the 9Th of September, 1886, the Supreme Gov
eminent OF the Republic OF Nicaragua published the
following
ARTICLE !. ANY contract made for labor FOR term
OF months or wears shall be binding tue parties 10 It,
Arr > Afy person who shall make contract Ia
perform labor and shall fail to uhll me contract, sha.l
tc sentenced by the Judge of First Instance Project
Sub-Prefect Agricultural Judge, or Local Acade, 10
forced labor on the public works for term OF no, less
than one nor more than six MONTHS until the party
10 whom the labor due may ask Tor The release OF 'he
laborer. ,
for longer period than six months and shall tau TO
fulfill his contract may be sentenced, oy either OF ue
b, fore mentioned authorities TO forced LABOR on toe
nubc works for the time OF his unexpred service, or
until the party 10 whom MS laooT Is que may aSA ioi
bis release.
Ard on the cd of the same month the same authority
pubished the following:
Inasmuch as the Constituent Assembly OF the hepuo-
lie ON the 3Gth day of April 1898 declared the State tree
sovereign and independent dssolving the compact
which the Federal Constitution established between
Nicaragua and the other States of Central America;
Inasmuch as since that date Nicaragua has been IN
fact free from the Obligations the Federal Constitution
imposed;
inosmuch a. the act of the Constituent Assembly
decreed on the Both of April 1888, provides that the
Federal DEGREES given previous To that date snail re-
an in force unless contrary to the provisions OF that
act
Ina.much as many of the DEGREES heretofore given
are unsuited 10 the present condition OF the country
and are repucnan TO It's welfare and prosperity well
az 10 il territorial integrity;
Therefore the President Of the Republic of Ncara
qua in virtue of the power in him vested,
DEGREES.
ARrrcrEl All acts and DEGREES of the Federal Con.
stituen Assembly as well of the Federal Congress-
are declared null and void.
ART. p Nothing herein contained shall affect nights
heretofore vested under the acts and DEGREES hereby
repealed ,.
Among the DEGREES which the foregoing repeal. is an
Act of the Federal Constituent Assembly Of 18th of
April, 1924, abolishing Slavery in Central America
The repeal of the repeating statute reyves the original
lava and therefore the right to hold slaves is acknow
edged by the Government of Nicaragua or course
the acknowledgment of the right to hold slaves imposes
the obligation TO secure owners in the enjoyment OF
their property
New-York daily tribune. [volume] (New-York [N.Y.]) 1842-1866, 1856-10-20
RATIFICATION OF TIE TREATY WITH THE
UNITED STATES

RITUeLIc OF NICARAGUA, DEPAE1hkSIu' So
Asp IsrrRIox RIL ArIoss, SEPT " lSo. 3,
Sir: The sup.ue Executive power has been P'ea'tu
10 dictate the folosipg decree: .,,...
TIs P,,rSs.t Republic Of kiea,sssA 70 1' Lasao''1.s
VkereGs The treaty of friendship, commerce Ano
navigation between the Uped states snd Nicaragua
concluded at Granada the 10Th day of June, lSD9,
Cur, Notifications thereof TO b. exchanged at ash
ineton City within eighteen months of the signing OF
the same therefore, in virtue OF the powers 10 hun
vested,
DEGREES:
ARrrctrI. The treaty OF friendship, commerce and
n,voatIon between Nicaragua and the United states,
on ndsd AZ Granada on the 10Th day of June, 1870,
b.r,bv ,a,ifed and confirmed in al its parts.
All. ,. John p. Heiss duly naturalLed citizen OF
this Republic is hereby authorized n exchange ratn-
cstoI Of the same on the part of Nicaragua, accord
inc 10 the terms of article l. OF said treaty
Arr 3. Communicated TO whom II may concern
oN'N - VIM WALKER
To n, Minute, Of Stat> e Dtpdr'@e1sQ Exterior Reli
By superior order this is communicated to you for
your information and proper seton.
- FFRRER, Minister Ct state.
New-York daily tribune. [volume] (New-York [N.Y.]) 1842-1866, 1856-10-20

We are indebted to Purser Hatch OF the Texas for
memoranda and paper.
Southern sentinel. [volume] (Plaquemine, Parish of Iberville [La.]) 1848-1858, 1856-12-06
Garden Seeds.
Plaquemine Female Seminary,

THIS Institution will be ~re-opened for
4 the reception Of Boarding and Day Pupils
on The lst of October next. Teachers of superior
qualifications have been engaged for the different
departments. The Academical year will consist
of two sessions of five months each, ending res
pectiveIy on the last days Of February and July.
Payment required by the session, in advance
No deduction made in case Of pupils leaving be-
fore the close Of the session, except on account Of
sickness.
IERMS-Per month, for French and English.
50, Sc and IS, according to the advancement Of
the pupil; for Poard, SIG, and Incidental Expen-
SEES, 80 cents.
EXTRAS-Music on Piano or Guitar, with
use Of instrument, So; Drawing, %; Painting, S.;
Latin or Greek, 50.
Boarding pupils will furnish their own towels
and table napkins, and also a silver fork and
spoon. Articles Of clothing must be permanently
marked with the full name.
E. W. LARKIN.
Plaqnemine, Sept. 10, 1868 j.
Southern sentinel. [volume] (Plaquemine, Parish of Iberville [La.]) 1848-1858, 1856-12-06

decrits seront vendus separement CONNIE suit -
en- Mars 1857, 1-3 en- Mars 1858 ct 1.3 en- Mars
1889.
80. LIE mobilier sera vendu payable toutes
sommes de $50 ct au dessous compliant lie jour de
la vente, ct toutes sommeS au dessus de $50 pay
ables en- Mars 1853.
Les acquereurs des dites prophecies fourniront
ieurs biIlets endosses a la satisfaction de admin.
%lstratenr des dltes SUGGESTIONS en- coupons atm d.
operer un partage entire les heritiers payables All
bureau du Recorder de la paroisse d'Iberyille, por-
tant 8 pour cent d%interet, apres ecbeance jusqu'A
Parfait Placement. Hypotheque sera retenue SUI
les prophecies vendues pour assurer lie paiemena
DIES dts billets Ell %interets eventuels.
La vente aura lieu sur Polarization.
JOS. H. ERWIN, Sheriff
Paroisse dIberviIle lie 10 Nov. ~I85C-nov22
Southern sentinel. [volume] (Plaquemine, Parish of Iberville [La.]) 1848-1858, 1856-12-06

'pA letter-writer in Australia speaks of a
huge eel which is sometimes met with in The
lakes or large rivers in the interior of that
wonderful country. His first introduction to
them was somewhat original and piquont. He
had been swimming near the shore in a beauti-
full and secluded bay, and feeling fatigued,
seated himself on what appeared to be a log
nearly as large as his body, resting on the peb-
bly, bottom. Suddenly the log slipped from
under him and moved gracefully away! 1t
proved to be an eel fifteen feet in length, but
fortunately not Of the man-eating species.
Southern sentinel. [volume] (Plaquemine, Parish of Iberville [La.]) 1848-1858, 1856-12-06
Slate Of Louisiana Parish Of, DerriHs
Succession Sale.

10y virtue of an order or decree to me d.
40 rected from the Hon'bIe. the 9th District
Cont of the State of Louisiana, in and for the
parish Of lbervile. bearing date The 10th No.
vember, 1856, | will offer at public sale TO the
highest and last bidder, on
Saturday, 18th day of December
next, 1856, at II o'clock A. NJ, the following
described property, belonging to the vacant
Succession Of ALeris Gauihier, Decd,
to wit:
A negro man named ALEXANDER, aged
twenty two wears.
WILLIAM, a negro man aged about thirty
two years;
AGNES, negro woman aged about fifty years.
One Buggy and Harness, one Dray and Har-
ness, two Bay Horses, FIVE Milch Cows, five
Pigs. one lot Of Laths, one lot of ash Cord
Wood; together with a valuable lot of
Household Furniture.
TERMS AND CONDITIONS.
The slaves TO be sod one fourth of the price
of adjudication cash on the day of Gale, and
the balance payable in one year from the day
of sale.
Moveables sold for cash.
Purchasers to furnish their notes for the
credit terms endorsed to the satisfaction of the
testamentary executor; said notes made paya.
BILE at the Office of the Recorder, and 10 bear
8 per cent interest per annum after maturity
until paid; special mortgage to be retained on
the slaves to secure the payment Of said notes
and all interests that may accrue.
Sale to take place on the premises.
THEO. BLANCHARD, Dep. Sheriff.
Parish of I~berVil'e, Nov. 10, 1856.
Southern sentinel. [volume] (Plaquemine, Parish of Iberville [La.]) 1848-1858, 1856-12-06

day OF sale, and all sums above fifty dollars pay
able IN all March 1858. The purchasers of said
property TO furnish their notes for the credit
terms, endorsed to the satisfaction of the admin
istrator of said SUGGESTIONS, and in snch coupons
and divisions as will facilitate a partition between
the heirs, payable at the Office of the Recorder of
the parish OF lberville, with g per cent interest
to secure the payment thereof and all eventual
Interests, The property sold 10 remain specially
no'tgased and hypothecated.
Sale 10 take place on the premises.
JOS. Fl. ERWIN. Sheriff.
Parish Of Iberville, Nov. 10. 1856.-no22
Southern sentinel. [volume] (Plaquemine, Parish of Iberville [La.]) 1848-1858, 1856-12-06

uA Late number of the American Rail
road Times, contains the following very judi
clous remarks:
No greater mistake has ever been made bv
railway officials than was committed when
they withdrew their advertisements from news.
papers.
No greater mistake can be made by any class
OF business men, whether railroad officers or
others, than to withhold their advertisements
from newspapers. Advertising is the secret Of
business success.
Southern sentinel. [volume] (Plaquemine, Parish of Iberville [La.]) 1848-1858, 1856-12-06
SOUTHERN SENTINEL.

Fastest Tyms--Porter's Spirit, says that
"Nothing that ever stood on iron ever made a
mile in / minute IS seconds. The fastest run.
ming time on record was made on the Metairie
Course, New Orleans, in the Spring of 1854,
BY Henry Perrin, who ran a mile ia l.424.-
The mile in a minute of Flying ChiLders is a
fable. They were in the habit, at that date, of
timing horses by a sun-diaI."