The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1856-01-23

manufacture Of wool BY enabling the manufacturer to
rely upon foreign well no market. An increase
in the pufacture OF w0ollen goods will create market
for here grown wool and undoubtedly have the Of
feet cf increasing the ducon Of grown WOOL
II did ia England immediately after the removal Of the
duty But above all 1t will chsapen every kind Of WOOL
len fabric and enable all to have coats, more
blankets and more carpets.
aUTrA PERcHA.
Gutta percha, of which large quantities are imported
into this country and the manufacture of which Ia al
ready very extensive L. the concrete juice of forest
tree native OF the shores of the Straits of AAacca Borneo
and the neighborng COUNTRIES The attention Of civil
lied nations first called To the OF this material
had themselves discovered valuable properties long
before It introduced into Europe They constructed
der cd juice and this excited the attention Of travellers
to substance which has since been applied 10 vast
variety of domestic and scientific the
rne telegraph wires In fact It difficult 70 conceive
what would have been done without gutta percha in this
invaluable branch Of science.
The trees which produce this substance attain the
height from sixty to seventy feet, and are Of ex.
ceedinely slow growth Il is therefore TO be regretted
that the cupicity OF traders has led them to fell
the trees In order to procure y larger supply of
the gum and thereby ting of the source Of future
gum after the tree is cut down Is to strip OF the ba'k 10
places at distance Of about twelve inches apart and al
low the juice to run out into cocoanut shell The
then collected In bsmboos and taken to the houses Of
the natives and boiled in order to drive of the watery
particles and nspissate it to the proper consstence
but generally presented 70 Of dark brown. This
is owing to its acmxture with particles Of bark which
give it the coloring.
The process pic barring gutta percha use very
simple and foiows-The substance is first cut into
small slices, by the aid Of vertical wheel with three
in order to the dirt after which 1t il torn to
pieces in spiked cyneer and falls again into hot water
for further cleanng being sofened BY ths action Of the
ders and again rolled into sheets between stsel rollers
or made into tubes any of the thousand forms into
Gutta percha tubing is found TO be particularly good
for the purpose of conveying water as proved in
some experiments tried year or two back at the Biz
miDgham (EDgland) water works. where it proved
that pipes Of an inch in diameter and
eighth In thickness for two months stood the pressure
OF 200 feet OF water without being In any way affected
As additional test of their strength the same pipes
were submitted to of 37 pounds to the
nch the usual test for the szei pipes of
other materials being about 226 pounds Guta perchs
Is also valuable for scientific poses and has been
variousy applied with perfect success by Mr. Farraday
process of vulcanzing gutta percha, what SINH
lar to that applied to India rubber has been patented
ae s Nc ana s Pa o It's
poses the vucanized gutta percba is superior any
other material prepared in the same fact any other
way.
According to the ancients, silk first brought from
sezica serind Chna) whence the sikworm intro
duced into other countries, but not until the reign Of
JustiDian, when two Persian monks succeeded in
orety conveying number of eggs to Constantnope in
a hollow From these eggs Europe and America
have been supplied with their worms. At that
time silk much highly esteemed than at pre-
sent As illustration Of this may be mentioned the
It that it considered wantcn extravag ance of
nat most wanton and prod gal, Heliogabaus that he
had garment made wholly of silk. But such has bee
the progress of the culture and manufacture of this
beautiful and valuable material that the humbest SER
indulge in the cid
balus without exciting remark.
For six hundred years the culture OF the si.kwom in
Europe was confined to the Greek empire but in the
twelfth century it introduced into Sicily, whence it
gradually spread to Italy, Spain and France.
waited with great advantage in the United states and
half the country went mad mulberry trees and
werms but after some Of the most assduous labor
the importation of various kinds Of mulberry trees aud
different description of eggs; after, in fact eveey effort
Lad been exhausted in trying to attain the very desra-
be enc Of making this silk growing country the at
tempt WAS abandoned It was found that rs general
rule the worms died and when they did succeed
ed IN producing the amount of manual labor
unwind the silk rendered them valueess this
country, where all human labor commands high
price. We consequently nd it necessary import
France The manufacture of silk in the United States is
not extensive. This is chiefly owing to heavy duty
OF fifteen per cent on the raw material which fit
teen per cent by the time the material is manuac-
utd amounts in reality Towing to waste ia washin1
nearer twenty per cent This heavy duty Of
p events manufacturers who are capable of pro-
ducDg the frest goods, from competing with England
france and Gerany where taere is no duty whatsoever
the material.
emperor and the hoop distended dress BELLE back
10 Insignificant little worm, born egg smaller
than the head OF the smallest pin This little at
first cey visible feeds mulberry leaves of
f part of China Southern France Italy, grows to
be an inch long spins bali OF from four to six hundred
yards Of Web which himself forms the nucleus, aud
then goes sleep. After eight days watch
nl Chnaman takes the ball cocoon kills the sleeping
worm by means Of heat throws the bali into bling
IN ,sud1
rom the worm number OF these ibres twisted
together, and called raw silk. The silk is then
twisted and thrown in three different ways and called
singles and arganzine-thsn boiled tor four hours
extract the gum aud then washed with soap and water
af'er which it into velvet satin gauge sarsne
,ros de Naples, Grape, and thousand other fabrics,
ready for the Emperor. fine lady serving girl.
It Ia estimated that twelve pouncs of cocoons the pro-
luce of the labor Of $500 wOrns who have consumed
62 lbs mulberry leaves give pound Of reeed silk,
which may be converted into sixteen yards of eros de
Naples
he raw material we need only state the fact that
annually pay 10 foreign countries between thirty and
vrty millions for manufactured silk whilst the average
# importation the raw material IS below one million
annually. And at the same time only export about
even hundred thousand dollars worth Of manufactures
II silk
The following were last years operations in silk:
,nioit 9, raw sl. aaa 9ss
Export of manufactured do................ 952 1856
INDIA RUBBER.
India rubber, also called caoutchouc elastic resir
produced from the syringe tree of Cayenne and ohe
parts Of South America 1t Is found in abundance in Pc.
"a, in the Frazs and in Quito. OF late years consider
sbe quantities have been brought from Penang Sing.
pore and Assam but of inferior quality being mixed
with nearly thirty per cent Of sand and bark The
reoutchouc OF Para is the most pure and that port
sloue in the year 1850, million five hundred thou
pounds in the year 1854, three millions three hua
ired and thirty thousand pounds and in 1855, two mil
hons seven hundred and forty thousand pounds I'm
ported into this country.