Washington telegraph., 1856-01-23

Z l.
Pell.-nIt was tee foundation of federal republic
esl f-se white men of the colon les. constituted
o ~ were III distinct and reciprocalfv indie
ST. State governments As for the subject
pm uLether Indian or African. the wise and
IaS,, statesmen of that day, being engaged in no
pfa,'r,gsut scheme of social change left them as
e' ,rpTe. and thus preserved themselves and
ths, nosterity from the anarchy, and the ever
'HI- '.-riug civil wars, which have prevailed in
st.r reyoIutionized European colonies of A
usnca- c,,c.e
.to modify the conditions of their association
70 ~ ,;viing to the general government direct ac
W IN some respects 20 the people of the States
c. of confiIing i: to action on the States as
~ thew proceeded to frame the existing con-
.r.a,u- adherins steadily to guiding thought.
ss;~b was TO delegate only such power as was
-.ssssrv and proper to the execution of specific
-.,ses- or In other words. TO retain as uuch as
P'..;be. consistently with those purposes. of the
isnpudent powers of the Individual States.
Ear objections OF common defence and security.
NV i1trustesi to the general government certain
-,reluIv defined functions, leaving all others as
.be undelessted nights OF the separate indepen-
dsut sovereIgnt-eS
S,rb s the constitutional theory of our eovern-
.ssnf the practical observance of which has
1,,Tii.d Us and Us alone among modern Republics
,s-uqb nearly three generations OF time without
- ,7st of one drop OF blood shed In civil war
Nth freedom and concert of action 1T has enabled
- n contend successfully on the battlefield
-.,zt f,reIgn foes has elevated the feeble COLO
= into powerful States and has raised our in.
I~s-iaI projections. and our commerce which
:--.soorts them to the level of the richest and
-. greatest nations of Europe And the admi-
.-Sls adaptation of our political institutions tn
.5s;r o5ects combining local self-gove rnment
-r;b asrrezate strength has established the prac-
.,abiItv of a government like ours to cover a
entipent with cOnfederated States
The Congress of the United States is. i'm effect.
.bst congress of soveTeIsntleS. which good men
:, the Cd Word have sOus sht for but could never
tar. and which iniparts to America an exemn-
ion from the mutabIe leagues for common ac
tTu. from the wars the mutual invasions. and
ysgge aspirations after the balance of power.
which couvuIse from time to time the govern
1ents of Europe Our cooperative action rests
in the conditions OF permanent confederation pre-
scrbed bv the constitution Our balance of pow
rs in the separate reserved rights of the States.
and their equal representation in the Senate.
That independent sovereignty In every one of the
States with its reserved rights of local self-eov-
.r1meut assured 10 each by their co-equal power
IL the Senate was the fundamental condition of
The constitution Without it the Union would
never have existed
However desirOus the larger States might be
10 reOrganze the government 50 as to give to
their population IFS proportionate weight in the
Common comselS- they knew it was impossible.
mess theE conceded to the smaller ones authority
u exercise at least negative influence on all the
MEASURES of the government whether legislative
OF executive through their equal representation
II the Senate IndeeG- the larger States could
70. nave failed TO perceive that the>sa power
Hzs equally necessary to them. Tor the security
o. tIeIr0wH domestic interests against the asgre-
ssie 0rce Of the general government In a word.
the original States went into this permanent
league on tue agreed premises of exerting their
comm5n strength for the defence of the whole
and Of all Its parts: but of utterly excIu5Ing all
capaolIty OF reciprocal aggression Each solemn
J. bound Itself to ali the others neither to under
take nor permit any encr0achmeEt upon, or in
terneiilas vita aEOther's reserved rights
Where 1t was deemed expedIeut uartis-tIIar
rights of the States were expressly guaranteed by
tle constitution; but IN all things besides these
Hslts were guarded by the Limitation of the
PoEers granted and by express reservation of all
powers not granted in the compact of union
Ials the great power oi taXatiu:r was limited to
ldfp1ses OF com-nOH defence and general welfare
dtliin+ OlIectS dppeTtaInIng to the local iegiS.
hloH OF the SeFeTa! States: and those purposes
general welfare ant common defence Were
aiisFwaris den-sed by specific enumeration. as
eng matters only of correlation between the
Niles themselves or between them and foreign
s'veIHmeuts- which, because OF their common
nd general nature coaid not be left to the seDa
ale cOutrul OF each State
O the circumstances of local con.ii.ion interest
I'd rights Ii xlich portion OF the States. con-
sIiliIHs one great section Of the Union. differed
ION !a- rest aIi IRON another section the most
HP'i14al vas t1a PecI.IaTItv Oi larger relative
''0irl Popgia-IJa Ii the southern tuaa Ia the
B1Ttlern Sales
4 loPg-atIoH Of this class held in subsection.
eAl>ie1 In nearly ali the States but was more
S-nS'ols aud OF more serious cOBcemnent in he
pun tlan IN the North on account of natural
c-eieheeS OF climate AMI production and 1t was
'"5>Tea tadt- '1T tue same reasons. while this
f'P@aton would diminish. and sooner or later
- 1" eAtsL Ia Some States II might increase In
O--Tis- lae Peculiar character and magnitude
v MS question: Oi Local rights. not In material
.-''S onY- out still more liz social ones caused
Il Q enter INTO the special stipuIations OF the con-
stiU.iOn VI '--e '"'''
nslee- while the general government. as well
us enumerated powers granted to it, as by
= Hot enumerated and therefore re used 10 il
~ ''iieI. 10 touch TINS matter IN the seLse
:. a'dcA or offence 1t was placed under the gen.
N S'esuart Of the Union In the sense of de-
a7ftnSt either Invasion OF domestic violence
r. - OIItF local interests OF the several States
'&te expressly stipulated as we'll Tor itself
eaSa "a aud all OF It's citizens and every citizen
srsoldle - oldle became sOiemnly bound by his al
- % Tue constitution that any person held
OF labor IN one State escaping into an
- suoud not In consequence of any law OF
gis-IH '..'H lleTeoI be discharged .rom such ser
'@Oor- but slOud be delivered: u2 on claim
* party 10 w-aO,n such service or labor nisbt
" the laws OF his State.
Of m - aI- ms Only oy the reciprocal guaranty
e1rso..L lisnIs OF every State against Interfer-
OF -,- 'le part OF another was the present form
t. 5:.lalent established Dy our fathers and
.,-.el 70 Us and by no means is it possible
r,.,. exist II one State ceases to respect the
K7r,;.Ol ~ dHot1eT- and Obtrusively Intermediates
;zrn- 1'Cdi lnteTeSts-ifa portion o. the States
e, . - impose their Institutions on the 9TH
.-''se 10 fulfill their Obligations TO then,
Gs,-,sI 10 longer united friendly States but
cfe,o-r0 cf--r n0slie ones with little capacity left
c,-.-I W advantage, but abundant means of re-
i..4l injury and mischief.
Sys y II Is Immdteriai whether agrees
a.e E. fI'eAce between the States or deliber-
couDIv So, On the part of any one oi them to
srr,5.,u "i'n constitutional obligations. arise from
il b. ns- conVIctIOn OF blind prejudice. whether
Ia s.9 petrated from direction or indirectiar
Ger n >e- II Is tall OF threat and full of dan
cor,. .ne Durability OF the Union.
o1IONAL RELATIONS OF SLA-
VERY.
- oeu IN the Office of TLIof L.