Daily American organ., 1856-05-01
WHOLE NO. 461.
From the London Times.
sfe rFOm the London Times.
The Freedom OF Italy-H Highly Important
Measures before the Congress OF Paris.

ne rIccdOm ~ ltaly-nishly important
1t is but natural that those evils in the State Of
Italy, to which we have called attention, should
interest the italian power which has not long
ceased to suffer from many of them. The King Of
Sardinis, before he entered on war with Russia,
had fought long battle with foes nearer home
The domination Of Austria and the privileges OF
the priesthood were clearly seen to be the chief
mpediments to prosperity both in Piedmont and
the States of the Peninsula. By course Of policy
both bold and cautious the Sandman statesmen
freed their country from these obstacles. They
have given their sovereign the right to speak In
the name Of the whole Italian race and have in
sured him allies who will lsten with the fullest
sympathy TO his remonstrance
We have heard with great pleasure, therefore,
that the State Of Italy has been formally brought
before the Conference by the Sardinian Plenipo-
tentiaries To reported xclamation of the French
Emperor, Of" What can one do for Itsyin Count
Cavour has answered by memorial which states
the principal grievances Of Italy in general, as
well as of the individual States.
The Milanese and Venetian Territories, the Pa
pal States the Kingdom of Naples, all suffer from
different forms Of the same maLady. Deepotic
government and priestly interference ruin and
taint everything from the Alps to Sicily. No Inn
provement has taken place during long years of
peace; on the contrary, the governments are every
day becoming more narrow by their principles, more
rigid in their discipline more relentless In their re-
sentiments. The Sandman statesmen have there
fore felt that the time has come when the whole
matter should be discussed and remedy applied.
No one believe that the present state OF things
ia permanent; and, If reforms be not adopted.
there can be no alternative but fresh convulsions,
succeeded by even more grinding tyranny. Con-
identi in her position Sardinia has resolved to speak
out, and it is difcuk to form too high notion of
the boldness which animates the State papers put
forth by her Plenipotentiaries Certainly neither
the statesmen of liberal England nor Democratic
France have ever inveighed in such plain terms
against the corruptions Of any foreign government.
Things are indeed called by their right names in
the Sandman memorials, which, II responded to
by the Allies, must be the commencement of q
new period in Italian history.
Taking it for granted that there must be for q
long time to come struggle between the Liberal
and Absolutist principles in Europe Sa, dina Ia
anxious to range herself and her sister States on
the side of freedom, as represented by France and
England. Austria she considers ns only tempora-
rily and by chance the opponent of the Gar. The
Emperor Of many disjointed provinces and discord-
ant nationalites can only rule by the full supsems-
cy of autocratic principle, and by that cunning
refnemen.. of it which is expressed In the maxim,
Divide and govern" The Sardinians therefore
believe that the Western Powers will do well 10
encourage such an .>mount OF national independ-
ence and political libel tY in Italy ms will unite in
some degree the various Stctes, and place them
for the future on the same side which Sardinia has
taken in the late conflict The mater brought be-
fore the Conference relates TO every pat Of Italy,
but the chief Importance is given to the dsplcrabe
condition Of the Papal Territories. Nothing tia
Protestant Assembly in Edinburgh or Belfast
could say of the government of Pope Plus TX
would 60 beyond the diplomatic Representations
Which Catholic aud italian State nop makes soi-
e''anty IN the presence Of Europe Hs.g Ga
II is urged that the temporal supremacy of the
priesthood Is an evil which human nature can no
longer bear; that even the government of tie
sword Is better than the government Of the eur
plice that the ecclesiastica ruler of g. 600 Of
Italians ,is only kept on his throne BY FOREIGN
troops and would again be driven forth If his sub
Jects were released for week from foreign repres-
SION. The character of the priesthood ia spok.
OF In severe language and its incapacity for its hi.
functions boldly declared Then comes the prsc.
tlcal part OF the matter The allies are invited to
deliberate on the reconstruction OF the Roman
government Sardinia totally repudiates the po,i-
ton that temporal power is necessary for the Pore
in order that he may fully exercise his spiritual
authority. She considers that his functions might
De wisely restrained to ecclesiastical matters or if
his rights as temporal sovereign be deemed ina
enable, it might be insisted that he should entire
y distinguish between his duties as head Of the
Church and his duties as an Italian sovereign and
that while the ecclesiastical posts are held by car
dinals and bishops, all that concerns the popula-
ton which is subject to him should be committed
70 responsible ministers, chosen from the aity, un.
der the safeguard Of new and salutary laws.
While Rome is held by French troops the Lera.
tions are under control of an Austrian Genetsl
This eecton OF the Papal territory formed part Of
the kingdom OF Italy, and at the downfall of Ma
poleon received with reluctance the old system.
As the people are bitterly opposed to the Papol
sway, which has condemned them to fears of for
eign occupation, Sardinia proposes that they should
DC At once released from il and discovered from
the States of the Church. The territory so consti-
tuted should be placed under the government
either of an hereditary House or Viceroy nomi-
naly dependent on the Pope, but appointed under
conditions sanctioned by the Allies Austrian oc.
cup.tion should be strictly prohibited, the CSJe
Napoteon introduced with such notifications ss
might be necessary, and the administration BY the
clergy entirely abolished. These measures Ssr.
DINA considers Of the highest importance, and
necessary for the peace of Italy.
With respect to Naples the Plenipotentiaries are
very outspoken. They look on the state of that
kingdom as a disgrace to the Ifaliam name, and
saggea the intervention of the AHies, and the es-
ENLISTMENT ct guarantees for just administration
The case OF Poerio is alluded to by name, and he
is declared to be the victim of government which
seeks to crush all that 10 NOBLE and healthy in oiv
When Sardinia comes to speak Of the direct do
mnion, 1t is OF course, necessary to proceed with
caution. The Plenipotentisries state that circum-
stances win not allow them to discuss the separs-
tion of Lombardy and Venice from the Austrian
empire. Any change in this direction must arise
from the eventualties Of the future However,
they assert that these provinces form part Of Italy
and are ins<psrably united with their own country
and the rest of the Peninsula. They complain Of
the political prescriptions which have taken place,
and the unsatisfactory nature of the so-called am
nesty. fk' sa
The obstacles interposed between Lombardy and