davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Middlebury register. [volume] (Middlebury, Vt.) 1850-1882, 1856-10-01
~ AYERS
80 Pill L s.
FA M lily PLY SIC.

TuRRB has long existed public demand for an
effective purgative pill which could be relied on as
sure and perfectly safe in its operation. This has
been prepared to meet that demand, and an extern
s;ve trial Of its virtues has concusvely shown with
what success it accomplishes the purpose designed
1t is easy to make physical pill, but not easy to
make the best of all jaAs - one which should have
none of the objections but all the advantages, OF
every other. This has been attempted here, and
with what success we would respectfully submit to
the public decision. 1t has been unfortunate for
the paticut hitherto that almost every pureatiye
medicine is acrimonious and irritating to the bow
els. This is not. Many Of them produce much
giprg pain and revulsion in the system as to more
than counterbalance the good to be derived from
them. These pills produce no irritation or pain,
unloss it arise from previously existing obstruc
ton or arrangement in the bowels. Being purely
vegetable, no harm can arise from their use in any
quantity but it is better that any medicine should
be taken judicieusly. Minute directions for their
use in the several diseases to which they are ap-
phcHblo are given on the box. Among the com.
plants which have been speedily cured by them,
may mention Liver Compliant, i'll its various forms
f JsuNdicc, Indigestion, Languor and Loss Of APP
petite, Lstlessness, Irritability, Bilious Headache,
Bilious Fever, Fever and Ague, Pain in the Side
and LOins for, in TRUTH all these are but the con-
sequence of diseased action in the liver. As an
arcrient, they afford prompt and sure relief in Cos
tiycness Piles, Collie, Dysentery, Humors Scrof-
ua and Scuryy, Colds with soreness of the body,
Ulcers and impurity Of the blood; in short, any
and every where purgatiye is required.
They have also produced some singularly sue
eessful cures in Rheumatism Cont, Dropsy, Gravel,
Erysipclas, Palpitaton Of the Heart Pains in the
Back, stomach and Side. They should be freely
taken in the spring of the year. to purify the blood
and prepare the system for the change OF seasons.
An occasional dose stimulates the stomach and
bowels into healthy action, and restores the appe
lite and vigor They purify the blood and, by their
stimulant action on the circulatory system, reno
vate the strength Of sthe body, and restore tie
wasted diseased energies Of the whole organism
Hence an occasional dose is advantageous, even
though no serious arrangement exists but I'M
necessary dosing should never be carried too far,
as every purgative medicine reduces the strength,
when taken to excess. The thousand cases nwhich
physicis required cannot be enumerated here, but
they suggest themselves to the reason Of every
body and it is confidently believed this pill will
answer better purpose than any thing which has
hitherto been available to mankind. When their
virtues known, the public will no longer
doubt what remedy to employ when in need Of
cathartic medicine.
The Middlebury register. [volume] (Middlebury, Vt.) 1850-1882, 1856-10-01
DYsPEPsIANOITVEa CO5iPLTAIrI.

Nearly hall TIE human race have taken
these pills. 1t has been proved in al parts
of the world, that nothing has been found
equal to them in cases Of disorders of the liy
er, dyspepsia and stomach complaints gener-
ally. They soon give healthy tone to these
organs, however much derdnged, and when
Iii, ,,I,a, ,,oonc bo IN fa;Ia1
The Middlebury register. [volume] (Middlebury, Vt.) 1850-1882, 1856-10-01

Dr.. Its .ENARD
CONT lesto' 3ccn-
'ultod oe.siden:ihl-
y and succcS ally
n all forms of p.i-
satc disc.ses,?this
Ola Established
Iospital,No. 8 Bca-
yer st. Albany, NY.
Or. LispcRards
great UOrk.
PrivateMedioa
The Middlebury register. [volume] (Middlebury, Vt.) 1850-1882, 1856-10-01

ii.CH. MOHR'S GER.
MAN FLVhtrCr for the
sure aud certain dcstruc.
ticn Of FLIES, ANTS,
BUGS MOSQUITOES.&c
This valuable article is
offered 10 the public rs Il
Deadly Poison for the Il.
bovo named posts TO all
horsekeepsrs and families,
Il is perfectly simple
and sac, yet sure and Ger.
tain in les rction. 4 hcta
j. liSc"isr no daugri tu be
rpprchonje1 from the in.
The Middlebury register. [volume] (Middlebury, Vt.) 1850-1882, 1856-10-01

THIS remedy las won for itself such notoriety
from its Of every variety of pulmonary disease,
that it is entirely unnecessary to recount the evil
dences Of its virtues in any community where it
has been employed. So wide is the field of its use
fhlness and so numerous the cases of its cures,
that almost every section Of the country abeunds
in persons publicly known, who haze been restored
from alarming and even desperate diseases Of the
lungs by its use. When once tried its superiority
every other medicine of its kind is too appar-
ent to escape observation and where its virtues
known the public no longer hesitate what sntidote
to employ Or the distressing and dangerous ahec-
tons Of tie pulmonary organs which incident
to our climate And not only in formidable at
tacks upon the lungs, but for the mlder varieties
Of COLDS, CouoHs, HoARsENRss, &C.; and for
CHILDREN it is the pleasantest and safest medicine
that can be obtained. 70
As it has LING beon in constant use throughout
this section need not do more than assure the
people its quality kept up to the best that it
has been, sad thai the genuine article is sold by
W. 7. Russell, Middlebury. PAY
The Middlebury register. [volume] (Middlebury, Vt.) 1850-1882, 1856-10-01
Albany Private Uos pal.

QUICK Curea AID IioN ~ ;.
NO. ) BsAyEa STREET, ALBANY, n. i.
TiceHtB 7H0psLRd Pdtithts CURT l,nEuqHy
The Middlebury register. [volume] (Middlebury, Vt.) 1850-1882, 1856-10-01
TO DRUGGISTS AND OTHER DEALER d.
a Gard.
Certihc ates.
important (tom Dr T.. w. Satih,o Fl Rochester,

I"lOF FFTFt JFVNF 1T IT " I'M ItHiT ItVtttSFtT
y. Y.
u 'ccrnbcr |, 1855.
This may certify that have made trial of
BACH'S AMERICAN COMPOUND" in Il case Of ,c.
we're bronchial Affection, and lomg strndinr rrita'
tiOn u the mUou> cuhi OF the AimentaIy track. by
the use Of two bottles of tho above Compound it is
thought permanent cue was effected. ] have seen
its wonderful effects IL a decided casa of Sctutula
Consumption, where the patient was thought IL I've
beYOud after taking FEW bottles Of the Arieri
Compound l. thought To be out of danger, md
nearly we'll Prom what have Of the effect of
the Compound, should certainly recommend rs use
IN such cases above nnmed. f.. w. StBIN, VI. ID.
Auburn, y, June 10, lS5j.
We, the undersigned. have rrcciscd tho inruula for
preparing "BtCH'S AMERICAN COMPOUND,' aud
far have tested n, rcronmend ITS general
n tonic aud alternative Medicine, TO REMOVE VI
TIArED IlUxoRs THg Blood aud peculiarly
adapted Females suffering from T.oucorthma,
(Wlitrs) an to thus wlesr constitutions are cufce.
bed frnn Intermittent Fetcrs
The Middlebury register. [volume] (Middlebury, Vt.) 1850-1882, 1856-10-01
Family Stores.

ELOUR, Buckwheat Flour, Southern Hon.
Il my, Rice, Northern Pork, Hams, Smoked
Beef Lard, No / and 2 Mack erel, No. Sal
mon, Conn. River Shad, Ontario White Fish,
Goldfish, Pr. Mus Cracked, Powdered, Gran.
ulated and Coffee Sugars, Old brown and
white Java, Laguayra, Rio and Roasted COZ
fee, Hyson, Young Hyson, Imperial, Gunpow-
der, Tyson Skin, English Breakfast and 90
long Teas, Spices, Raisins, Citron' English
Currauts, French Chocolate, Bropai Cocoa,
sperm and Mould Candles, Oil, &C., Sc, all
of choice qualities, and for sale cheap by
Il. yALLETTE.
The Middlebury register. [volume] (Middlebury, Vt.) 1850-1882, 1856-10-01
A GOOD CLEANSING BITTER.
To be taken in the Spring.

Be kind enough, Reader. to give your
attention one moment and you wlllearn what
q A RICUARDSi
The Middlebury register. [volume] (Middlebury, Vt.) 1850-1882, 1856-10-01
Cures Warranted.

Dr. Lispcnard cures recon. cases ofdiscase
in from three to six days, and chrome or long
Standing diseases in \ very short period Of
time, without the use Of Mercury, without
loss es lime or CHANGE of diet
The Middlebury register. [volume] (Middlebury, Vt.) 1850-1882, 1856-10-01
DELIGHTS SPANISH LUSTRAL.

= = ~ Nihi iNtS"P''
Rutland, May 81, 1856. 81
Thibodaux minerva. [volume] (Thibodaux, La.) 18??-1858, 1856-04-26
Che Qhibo0auf mlnerpa

Is published every Saturday morning. Price,
Five Dollars per annum-payabIe at the time of sub
scribing. Single copies, Ten Cents.
ADVERTISEMENTS viii be inserted the of One Dol
Lar {of lines less for the first and Fifty
Cents for every subsequent insertion. liberal discount
made these who advertise by the year Thirty Dollars
will - aryed for half column of Patent Medicine
advertising and Of greater length admitted on any
terms
JOB WORK.-Having purchased one Of Ruggiess Patent
large Magic Presses faer ourselves that we can
every variety Of ieerpress printing IN style
be surpassed by country office IN the south OF
West. All work delivered when promised, and guarant-
eed to piease-and for CASH only
PERSONAL Observation-Disclosures Of per
sona nature such deemed to be Of public
interest may inserted advertisements the option
Of the e,iitor) by being paid for in advance.
OBITUARY NOTICES-yot exceeding three lines will be
cheerfuy inserted without charge but those Of greater
length win be rated advertisements.
CORRESPONDENTS informed that no notice whatever
will be taken Of communication intended for insertion
unless accompanied the and address Of the writer
mot necessary for publication Of good
faith. JoSA. e. WHITE. Publishers
LOUIS z. ANDERSON,
Thibodaux minerva. [volume] (Thibodaux, La.) 18??-1858, 1856-04-26
From Godey's Lady's Book for May.
The Starry Lesson.

In the fading rays Of sunset
Sat maid with lifted eyes,
Watching silently the changes
OF the gold and purple skies.
One bright star shone calm and lonely,
Like souls faith, high and true,
In sea where rose and amber
Mingled with the tenderest blue.
And the maiden smiled to see it
Cleaning down in 'tsilver bars"
For. among things pure and lovely,
Best she loved the silent stars.
"Thou shalt be to me an emblem,
Gem of eve!" she lightly said;
Like my path on earth below thee,
Shall thy course be overhead
Moments fled, and colder, fainter,
Grew the tint of cloud and sky;
Still she watched the heavenly omen
As the shadows fitted by.
Watched till evening deepened round her,
Clouds came Ger the waveless blue;
Then she wept with bended forehead
Is they hid the star from view.
Wept that, in her happy future,
Clouds might dfm the piacta SKY,
Hone and faith both die in sorrow,
Love fade from the sunny eye:
Needless that the winds were sweeping
ShroudIng mists away from sight,
And each moment brought diamond
For the queenly brow Of night.
But mt last a better spirit
Filled her heart with heavenly trust;
Faith, that griefs eur Father sends US
Are but blessings kind and just.
And with meekness looking upward
From her earthly doubts and fears,
Lo. the star shone calm above her,
Larger, brighter, through her tears.
Sweet reproof for faithless sorrow,
Lesson to the heart most dear.
Heavenly hopes grow larger, brighter
Through our cares and trials here.
Thibodaux minerva. [volume] (Thibodaux, La.) 18??-1858, 1856-04-26

A Coon PRACTICAL JoKE.-An English paper
tells story Of scientific lecturer, whose pop
ular discourses on medicine and various scien-
ees Herewith connected, had given offence to
the more GO orthodox" members of the profes-
sion. 4 couple Of embryo NJ. DIS resolved up
on testing his medical skill.
They accordingly called upon him, and one Of
them, fine healthy young man, with roguish
eye, complained Of certain pains in the chest,
and cough, night sweats, etc. The doctor
heard his tale, asked 3 number Of questions, and,
after long diagnosis, declared him to be IN a
deep consumptien. This was just what was
wanted, and the young gents could hardly re-
tain their mirth while DR.. Mill wrote his pre-
scription, sealed it up in an envelope, and di-
rected il to one of the first chemists, pocketed
his fee and bowed them out Of the room Ia
the chemists they rushed to enjoy their pent-up
laugh, and handing him the note he read -
This young man is suffering from serebr1 her.
MA in the region marked 'self-esteem by phre-
noligists. Prey, therefore, give him common
sense, ii grains; w.t. i drachm hersewhip, ga
h5itsm-J. NJ" We hardly expect the doctor
win get smother professional patient here.
Thibodaux minerva. [volume] (Thibodaux, La.) 18??-1858, 1856-04-26

PoPuLAR LIEs.-In lecture upon " Practi-
cal Life, /" Rev E. II. Chaplin. he hits of one Of
the popular vices of society in > very effective
manner Many who read his remarks msy be
awakened to . sense Of the before unknown fact
that they are notorious and unmitigated Liars
The reverend satirist says:
"Lies Of action are blood relations to lies Of
apeech, and oral lies constitute small share Of
the falsehoods in the world There are lies Of
custom and lies Of fashion lies Of padding and
lies Of whalehone; lies Of the first water in dis
monds Of paste, and unbIushing bushes Of lies
to which shower would give = different COM
plexion; the politicians hes who, like circus
rider, strides two horses at once the coquett's
lies, who Like professor Of Ieserdemain. Keeps
SIX plates dancing 1t time; lies sandwiched
between bargains; lies in livery, behind repnb-
Ecaa coaches, in NIL the pomp Of gold band and
buttons lies Of red tape and sealing wax; lies
from the cannon's mouth. lies in the name. Of
glorious principles that might make dead heroes
eiatter in their graves; Malakofs Of lies, stand
ing upon sacred dust, and lifting their auda-
cious pinnacles in the light Of the eternal Hea-
ven.
Thibodaux minerva. [volume] (Thibodaux, La.) 18??-1858, 1856-04-26
Gotels, Nr.

TRANKLIN HOTsE.-IN CDNSEQT TENcE
Il Of the advanced price Of provisions, table -
vines and servants hire, the proprietor felt com II
PEELED the rst Of January last 10 max rsee slight
advance in the prices for boarding, and instead OF.
Fifty for dinner has charged Seventy ave cents
but has concluded upon charging onlJ the Old pries
Fifty cents but will furnish wine heretofore.
wines however Of various kinds and grades always
hand ready to order Of guests when required via:
Caret Native Cssawba Wine. Han sauterney WI hits
best old Sherry Charles Heseck Champagne Museas
Coriias etc. ALo-London Porter and Afe Scotch Ale
good deal Of money sne and pains have been recently
spent In reising to make this Hotel pisa'a ana cohl
Portable to the traveller and regular boafer and now con"
eny trust it will receive liberal share Of their patronage
Junsa-,f BE-. HOLDEN. Proprietor.
Thibodaux minerva. [volume] (Thibodaux, La.) 18??-1858, 1856-04-26


THE undersigned has the honor Of informing his
| tenIs snd acqnaintances well the public, that
he viii open Hotel Caou sIand about the 10th
INST Nothing spared his part render his
tabl.hmens 40 ample every particular the facilities
viii permit His table will, At all times be provided with
every variety Of fish, oysters. ETC., etc.
Hours meat-Breakfass at O'Clock Dinner fion to
o'clock.
With the vfew Of serving planters he has amPIe
accommodations reception and treatment Of eonva
esceut negroes the moderate rate OF I'll month to
whom the stricsess attention win be paid In Of death
charge Of IS will be made deray the expenses Of burial
JuiyT. JOACHIM PnRtHE.
Thibodaux minerva. [volume] (Thibodaux, La.) 18??-1858, 1856-04-26
Houma Express.

nR. BATET.-Coast and Lafourche Packet.
IL The steamer DOCTOR BATEf, Fs9s1s@ l.
A. Dugas, Master leaves New Orleans T. A=AaAze7sS7
every MONDAY at O'Clock, and - szs.aE
FRIDAY at 9 O'Clock, A.s Going down, . -
leaves Thihodaux every TUESDAY and saft kpaf eve
nng passes down the Coast Wednesday and sunaay
For freight PASSAGE apply board or TO A. Laiofss8f
New Orleans A. Gingry, Donallsonville, or
jams s. 7. DACNls Bkts, IhnodaoA.
~ D. JR-Regular Wednesday Packet. foT
4 10 Grand Gulf, Waterproof, Rodney, {Haas1S@ h
Natchez Fort Adams Bayou Sara, Baton k6A5ss==s9S
Rouge Donaldsonyilie and all intermediate
landing. The splendid passenger packet, -
C. ID. Dr. c. DALYsREs, Master, will leave as aboVe on
Wednesday September s. at O'Clock, P N. hetarhlEs
wleaye Donaisouvile every Monday morning II otioes
Agents: Messrs. Carroll, PRiTfHAR 90,
50, Caroadelet Street, New orleans
The D. Jr will freight for Bayou Laiourtfe "lts
privilege of rsshppng Donahisonvie, where sr j. A.
Richard " Agent for the boat for the pohaaso
vile and Lafurche business All freight shipre ~ 1a
D. Jr will Of wharfage, all Orders and csh letters
ef. with the agent viii receive his particular assnon
' ~ ~ c. bALFERES.
S-The will not be responsible rof any ette Or
package containing money, ewery, or other Fauahtes
unless regular bills Of Bg taken Specifying te con
tents and value and the freight paid, for any vnhie
article deposited with the clerk by the passen gers a eoh
tain ell in their baggage. septl'-tl
Thibodaux minerva. [volume] (Thibodaux, La.) 18??-1858, 1856-04-26

Prince JERoxE.-The King Of fWestphalia,
Jerome Bonaparte, or as he is at present desig-
mated, :. His Imperial Highness Prince jerome
Napoleon" is reported to be very IL with the
gout, apoplexy, paralysis, or some other pleasant
malady of the sort. Old Jerome likes to see
himself sympathised with in the papers, and is
often taken i'll in consequence. At present we
have interesting bulletins of the blisters applied
to his breast, the number Of times he turned
over in bed, &c, published in all the morning
and evening papers. I fancy the Invalid will
hive long enough to draw his pay for the next
quarter, and give his forthcoming grand-nephew
or grand niece his valuable blessing. II he
should die, the nation viii try to survive his
losa--Paris Letter.
Thibodaux minerva. [volume] (Thibodaux, La.) 18??-1858, 1856-04-26
MEyERS * HYMEI.

fSHccsssors to Thomaas ConE55n.)
Family Grocers, corner of Main and Green Streets.
T'HE UNDERSIGNED having purchased the
Grocery Establishment lately owned by Thomas tonkIr
take pleasure in saying the public that they will always
choice and varied assortment Of such articles AZ are
usually found establishment of the kind and solicit
liberal portion of the pubIic's support
Our stock consists in part of the following articles VIZ
Flour Bacon Potatoes Mackere Cod Fish, Herring Cheese
Pepper Aspces Coffee Tea, Chocolate, starch Almonds
Rasns, Pecans Tobacco, Snuff, Cigars Oil, Liquors o.
every kind Verce Macaroni etr etc: all OF which viii
be sold equally low any other house in Thibodaux
Dec.l-ly. MEYERS HtM MEL
Thibodaux minerva. [volume] (Thibodaux, La.) 18??-1858, 1856-04-26
Sign Of the Skeleton Wagon! =z-E
oufhern ESNE Ex3zS1
Carriage ,lAxlL

TT3HE subscriber begs leave to inform the MER
/ CHANTS and PLANTERS that he has opened Repos-
iory for the sale of Carriages, Bugges, Harness. etc. at
No. 26 Beekmnn Street, New York,
Running through Is Spruce sensrance either street
The main floor fs5 feet in lengthy affords ample
for keepng always hand, large and complete assort
ment Of every description and variety, as Ier chrf
Having learned the trade in the Factory OF his father, he
is practically familiar with every department In the bus
and enabled orders Of any KIND
Of work entrusted him, and sperntend every stage CT
its manufacture His long residence in the South and West
and intimate knowledge OF every secon and his expert
ence while with Messrs- Baldwin Starr, and Messrs
Frothnghan Newell Co., gives him many advantages in
selections required for the different parts Of the country
Also an ACQUAINTANCE with the CHARACTER OF WORK,
Draft Track Height of Wheels, quality aud size Of springs
and Axies necessary for the particular localities
Particular paid special orders either throu.
merchants the subscriber direct and all prices guar
antee to be a. work possibly be furnished,
and .hsh sa es eaaa m ever, a' '' 0
36 BEEKMAN STREET il within few doors % tae
Park on South East side, from the Astar House
and in line from Park Place AufrSy warren and Gna-
her Streets near the Brick Church. Logoys and Clinton
Hotels.
from the Southern cities and he trusts thai he may
have the pleasure Of call from his friends and rom those
who will do him examine his assortment, and
being the only adapted to the southern r,e
in the part of the city, he respectfully secs share
of patronage He beys to refer those unacqnainsd with
him to any of the Jobbing Houses in New York City, en-
| gagged in the Southern or Western Trade.
Great will be taken in packing and gsng hssns
insurance, Re. 4 discount allowed TO the trade.
Respectfully, your obeiient Servant
WM I. MCDONALD.
| yB-wm Z. Mcdonald takes pleasure In referring u
| the Merchants Of this place. feos4m
| Fresh Groceries.
fT>HE advertiser is now receiving general as
| / sortrnent Of FRESH FAMILY GROCERIES,, Western
Produce etc. ETC. consisting in part Of te following de
scribe articles which be is Offering ut the customary rate
viz: Z,
Potatoes Flour Lard, Pork, Bacon Hams, Fish OF al
kinds, Salt, Pepper, Akpices, Rasns Almonds Apples
Pickles Preserves Vinegar, Liquors. Candies. , Eohce'
chewing and smoking Cigars Rice Soda crackers Boston
PILOT French and Navy Bread Matches Cheese ETC., etc
| r r. THOMPSON. corner Main and Jackson sts.
Thibodaux minerva. [volume] (Thibodaux, La.) 18??-1858, 1856-04-26

Nor 50 BLACK As HE Is PAISrKD.-A lead
ing Journal on the continent Of Europe, the In
dependent Beige, lately congratulated the friends
Of social equality On . negro having been elect
ed governor Of Ohio, as Chase, Black Republican
had been read in truly literal manner. Now
the same paper makes similar blunder as re-
CARDS Mr. Speaker Banks, and in its issue Of the
2Ist ult. writes:
- The new Speaker Of the House is black Of
Massachusetts, who belongs, az his color sgdF-
ciently nadscatss, to the extreme party Of aboli-
tionism. This, then, IS victory gained by the
North over the South. Upon the whole, the jour
nails declare themselves satisfied with the choice.
Mr.. Banks is Of firm and upright mind, en-
dowed with great political sagacity, and, as his
antecedents all attest, with calm wisdom
Thibodaux minerva. [volume] (Thibodaux, La.) 18??-1858, 1856-04-26
bangor House.

BAH90f HOUSE,
THE UNDERSIGNED takes pleasure in an
ouncinR to the travelling public aud the cEtfzens oi
the town that she lately added largely 10 the aeconnd
datons Of her house, and is now prepared TO eIsrb
Beariers enual any other house in fhitaas Her Ia
Bile ia at a times supplied with every deeaey that the to
surrounding country and New Orleans market Afford sr
prices transient permanent eoarhin aFe a.
a. tho times riu admit sf liberal patronage s solicited
July i2-ly. Akss kAs Iva sh1s%Shi*
Thibodaux minerva. [volume] (Thibodaux, La.) 18??-1858, 1856-04-26

~ TROCERIES.-Imperial Tea, Coffee, Crushe'
VI Sugar Rice, CASTLE Soap, Yeast Powders, Pickles
Fruits In pints quarts and half golons, Buckets Broonfs
Ax-heives, Hickory Breoms, TobaccoCut, Chewing an
Smoking, for sale by b. L. HOLDEN.
Thibodaux minerva. [volume] (Thibodaux, La.) 18??-1858, 1856-04-26
wasHIyGTOS HOTEL,

vfESSRs. BEssE BROTHERS HAF ss,..H
WI ing recently taken charge Of the abaTe-k.-Aa&-
xsnsiv establish en situate at SaeieenVfe, parish o.
Assumption promise their friends and the efs pHnc
that they wiI4par pains exeons thetF part e
reIer it the desirable in the country fhsiF
table will be supplied all times with every aeifeacF sha
the market and surrounding country affords Travellers en-
srtaied ut all hours sthe dag Mt The Their
charges are moderate liberal patronage solicited IaaI