The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1856-11-23

When it reAchesa just equiiibnam. We shall be able
the difference Of freight and underseli
short, California 10 destined 70 b the great wheat
growing State Of the Union.
The farmers with you work seven months,
that they may live the other five. Here, with ex-
tremes neither Of heat cold, their tine is always
available and they ore neither exhausted by heat
nor LAID up with the numerous diseases which ol1gi.
nate alone from cold weather. How many thou
sands upon Thousands OF the Old World iaboring
clauses but drag through an existence and yet no.
seldom, without either health or comfort! Here
the mere aoorlng man soon becomes farmer and
the latter in his turn rises to wealth and station
Who shall act bounds TO the imagination of even
the most calm and temperate Judgment as to the
future of this extraordinary land? More thaa
two centuries since our pilgrim fathers landed on an
phospiable and barren soil and had to contend
against the deadly enmity OF the savage. Yet
Anglo-SaXon enterprise and endurance and moral
courage conquered all obstacles aud created the nr-
cleus OF that after empire whose sublime example
has excited the wonder and admiration Of the world.
Here the same ndomitabe race find themselves in .
land uniyaled In its fecundity and unsurpassed for
its healthui air. with scarcely natural obstacle to
contend with and with all the lights of modern
science 10 aid them. What then, is its future des-
tnyI The tabled stories OF the gorgeous East, on
poetry the imagination has at all times riot in
conjecture and delight will sink into mere common.
place before the future desthies Of this new empire
VI sell KONeluWtut. IOu Will dcCubc Wc, III
my sober years and nv sober habits, of attempting
that which abominate-the style "highfalutin.
Not so. look, as IL were into futurity, and feel
that what presume to predict will be realized.
What have you TO contend against in the United
Statesi The variations of heat and cod-the storms
and ycissitudes of the weather-the uneven charac-
ter o. the s0-tbe necessity Of slave labor in par.
cular districtsthe multitude and intensity Of the
diseases OF the human body. Here we have an al
most perpetual spring--thunder or lightning have
never wltneeseda general fertility Of SOIL universal
health, free labor, and last, If not least, mex
haustible store Of the great medium OF commerce
gold. Its abundance may lie best estimated bv the
tact that the average annual produce for seven
years is equal to sixty millions OF dollars, whilst
the whole average annual product OF both
gold and silver since 1892 throughout Ame-
RIGA, Africa and Europe, and including the
Oural mountains OF Russia only twenty-five mil
lions according to the official report of the Treasury
Department of 1852. Exaggeration What mad.
In 1920 would not have felt tb8s he himself had
encountered a madman had he heard from his lips
a prediction OF the present national grandeur and
moral influence of our Union! None Of the present
generation. or the next, or even the next after it,,
mag realise my predictions, but the time must
surely come when the madman Of the present day
will lie admitted TO have possessed some of the
gift Of foresight mingled with all his madness.
Amid all these waking dreams OF future great
ness, let US become little more practical, and dis,
course upon the means of populating this favored
land. They are mhappiiy circumscribed by the
delay and expenses 10 the masses Of
iaboriDg people in reaching our our shores %nss
from Europe in 20 days, at an expense Of SIS. To
reach here, lie needs five times as much. Now, to
"the million" such b sum is beg ond their widest
dreams OF possession and not one in thousand can
do more than pine over their inability to form part
OF the people OF California until that long hoped tor
desidelstum is accomplished, the great Pacific Rail-
road.
And the failure of that project at the last session
of Congress throws Us back for another two years;
Tor ii is scarcely probable that an undertaking in
vovng sucn s.upendous interests and 30 many grave
constitutional doubts, will be acted on at the ensuing
session. which continues only three months prior to
the installation c. new President and for whom
there Is q poesb;ss'y they may he required to cast
their votes, when win absorb every other consider.
alton.
What, then, are the routes by which the CO nmu-
mcet;oR between the two great divisions OF the
Union l. to be maintained, saying nothing of that
across the Plains, which is sny practicable for the
daring and hardy emgrant. and almost entirely un-
suited to iamies Besides, there Is that all absorb
ing object of importance and interest, the convey
ance OF the mails, which imperiously demands in
creased facilities, besides Official aid and due pro-
lection against renewal OF the horran of the Pa
haEla ouirages Of April last
Some Of your daily papers enlarge upon the 40
fvity with which the project for q communication
with this country by the Tehuantepec route is being
forwarded. II am rightly informed this route
miles OF rail or other roads after leaving the
Coatzacuacos river to the Pacific ocean, and We
know by experience the many natural obstacles TO
works u that character in Mexico, especially the
influences Of tropical climrte, and the necessity
of transporting from q distance many OF the chief
clements OF construction 10 the scene OF operations
II Is said also and believe on good authority, that
no good natural harbor exists this side, and that
the creation Of an artificial one viii involve a
vast outlay OF capital. cannot. for my pari per
ceive any prospect Of this route being brought
early into practical operation.
or the arrangements said TO be In progress for
the renewal Of the Nicaragua route, you will be
much better able 70 Judge than myself. | presume
much will depend upon the result OF the grave &C
cusations OF Vanderbilt against Garrison, which,
Us you may well suppose, have excited profound
sensation IN this city, and strengthened public con-
hdepoe In the mail company. 10 is considered
doubtful whether that route IL recstabshed.
The Arrangement between the mail company and
the General Poet Office expires, believe, with
IN less than two years. and II 10 matter OF general
interest TO the people Yf the Atlantic States aud
those Of the Pacific, that It's renewal should be
placed upon a footing Of liberality and national
pride, commensurate with thoee which have been
made TO contribute 10 the support OF the steam
mails a the Atlantic Ocean You arc not perhaps
asare that The postage received on the Pscihc
steamers repays n larger proportion OF the allow
ance made for the mails than tnat OF any Of the At
lan'ic companies, although the former run their
thips at an expense Especially on this side) OF
nearly double those Of the former. Yet i h literal
" the fact and will furnish you few details rom
tie lat annual report Of the Postmaster General to
corroborste my position
Il 1850 the Collins line received fs5S coo for % trs
At f53 co each the hostages amounted 20 1911 S6 70
per cent
Tbe Bremen line rcccisea 500 600: posnges sTs,os1
or - per eert
The Havre unc received $3.50 coo; pos,sgcs s72,7oo
- per cfnt.
me Havana and Vera Cruz cost respectively eight and
six nmes AZ much - the posisgcs received.
The California Ines on the two paid tho
total tun Of ssSs ooc and the pos,sges were s36i1T
3sk PEI cent.
Nov, this latter line is indispensable perse to the
great interests and convenience not alone Of the
people OF California, but OF the whole Union, whose
trade and commerce have increased almost beyond
belief since the discovery OF the auriferous trea-
sures Of the State. One fact 10 confirm this: In
ls4s the whole tonnage u the United States was
3,l54000; IN 1s55 1t was 5,212 600, and II is now
doubtless more than 5000 900 tons.
But neither Of the European lines were OF that in
dispenssble character Of the Pacific lines The for
mer have certainly Dinistered 10 our national PRIDE
and that most eflectualy, by the unsurpassed supe
ortyi In the speed and comfort Of their ships; but
" cannot be denied that the mails could have
besSu IA readily corveyed in the exiefin0 Fuqifsh