The Ashland union. [volume] (Ashland, Ashland County, Ohio) 1854-1868, 1856-01-07


aud rsciprocaIly ipdepshdent State CO..
terbments- As fst The subject r~acesfef
whether Indian . Z AT the wise
I and brave statesmen of that det brih9 !;
engaged in no ~extrsxagant schemes ot
social change left them as they wetel
and thus preserved themselves and their
!, posterity from the anarchy, snd tho exs
{ err recurring civil vars Which have pre-
!, vailed in other reyolutionizsd EproPeer
colonies Of Americs.
When the eonfedefate States found i
coDyenient q modify the conditions Of
their association BY giving to,the geo
respects, to the people Of the States, me
fEstead of coufuine it to action on the
Estates as such, they proceededt to fram8e
the existing constitution, adherihg stead
FLY to one guiding sthoughty whiehkwaszs
to delegate only such power % was mesa
cessary and proper to the execution 5fst
specific purposes, or, Ia other words to
retain as much as possible, consistently
with those purposes, of the indepeuz&3
dent powers of the independents Statef.as
For objects Of common adefencs and
securityy they institotedw to THE geua5
eral government Icertain carefully dess
fined functions, leaving all others rs the
uudelegated rights of the separate in=s
dependent soyefeignfies aE a~Easeivs5s
Such isa the constitutional theory soEe
our. governments, the practical obserTas2
ton Of which has carried US, and1ts alone
among modern republics, through5neaf7s
y three generations Of Time without tie
cost of one drop of 6Io0d she'd In civil
var With freedoms and Eeoneert of aers
ton, il has enabled ussto contend suesh
cessfully on fthesbRttle field against fors
eigI foes, has elevated the feeblescolo1g
nieseinto powerful States, and has rRis-s
ed our industrial productions, and ouEp
commerce which Transports them to fhesf
level of the richest and the greatest pazts
tions of Europe. z And the admirable
adaptation of our political ~institutionad
to their objects combining local selfsH
Igovernmeht with aggregate 1~strengtbEf
has established the practieability Of
government like oGfsS toscover . ~contisss
nent with confederate States. 10 ysau
The Congress Of the United Stateaisea
in eject that congress Of sovereignties53
which good men in the cid world have
sought for, but could never attain, and
which impsrts to America an exemption
from the mHtable Leagues for eommona
action, from the wars, the mutual inya-
sion, and vague aspirations after the.
balance of power, which conyulse from
time to time the g~oyefnments Of Eds
rope: Our cooperative action test&
in the conditions of permanent eonfederzf
ration prescribed by the constitution
kOur balance of power is in the separate
reserved rights of the States and their
equal representation in theSenate. That
indepesdent-sovereignty in every one
Of the States With itsTeseryed sights Of
local selfgoYernment assured to eachbym
Itheif eo-eqnal power in b Senate, vas
the Fundamental condition ofthe eonsti
tuition, Without It the Union would
nerer have existed However desiroua
the larger States might be toreorganizes
population It's. fproPortionate weight In
impossib.c, unless they Conceded to the,
smaller ones authority to- exercise ats
least a negative influence on all thee
leg .sla.iye or executive through tleirf,
equal represcptationin.tbe Senate.
deed, ths larger States themselves could
uot. have failed to perceive. that the
same power was equally necessary to-
them FOR the security 90 their own do
mes:ic Interests agamst the aggregate
force of the general g~oyefnments~ Inas
word, the agreed premises Of <xertingI
their common strength for the defepees
Of the whole, and of all its partsi but of
utterly excluding all eapabiiity of sreeipa,
rocal aggression. Each solemnly bound
itself to all the ethers, neither to UNDER
take nor permit any encroachments up
on, or ipternleddtiDg. with aaothefs
Where It was deemed espsdisnt,
ticular rights of the States were exRress-
IL guaranteed by the CONSULTATIONS but
in all things beside, these rights were
gusrded by the linitation of the powers
granted, aud by express reservation Of
all powers not granted 10 the compactof
union. Thus the great power Of taxa
ton was limited to purposes Of common
defence and general welfare, excluding
objects appeftainiarg to local legislation
of the severaf States, and those purpoE
ses Of general welfare and common dez
fence we're afterwards defined BY specific
enumeration, as being matters only
correlation between the States them
selves, or ketween them and foreign gov.
which because Of their COM.
md general nature, could not be-
left to the separate control ofeaeh State.@
CT the circumstances Of local condis
tion, interest, and rights in which por-
ton of the States, constituting one great
of the Union, differed from thefa
rest, and from another section; the most
important was the peculiaFity of laret1
colored popalation in She sodth7
ern than,in the northern States
A population of this class, held. i6
subjectioE, existed in nearly all the
states, but was more numerous and ofS
more serious concern1nent In the South
han in the North, on account Of natnfala
Inference of climate aud production
ind it was forseenJ that, forstke same
'ensons, while this population would diS
ninish, and sooner or later, cease 60
in some States it might increase ins
The peculiar character and
naenitIde ofthis question oflocaf rights
Iot in material relationssonlys but stilt
nore in social ones causedst TO entersin-
o the speciatstipulatioBs ofthe constitsfS
ioU. .HrAf3 1&eAS
Hence while the general government
5 we'll by the enumerated powers grant.
d to It, as those not enumerated, and
therefore, refused 70, Il was Forbidden to-
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