The daily Gate City. [volume] (Keokuk, Iowa) 1855-1916, 1856-01-05

i themselves, or between them and foreign govern
ments, which, because of their common and general
nature could not be left the separate control of
| each State
or the circumstances of local condition interests
and rights in which portion Of the states, consti
tnting great section of the Union d fered from
the rest and from another section the portant
the popularity of larger relative coored popI-
aton IN he southern than in the northern states.
population of this class held in subsection, exist
ed nearly all the states, but was more numerous
and of more gerious in the south than in
the north, account Of natural difference of climate
and production, and it was found that for the
reasons for which this population would diminish and
sooner or later to exist states, it mi ght
increase in Others The peculiar char ncter and mag
nitude Of this inhuxon Of local right not in materi
al relations only, but still in social ones,
ed il 10 enter into the special Of the
stitution. Hence, while the general government, as
we'll by the powers enumerated as by those
marated, was forbidden touch this matter in the
sense Of attack defence it placed under the
general safeguard of the Union, in the sense of de
fence against either invasion domestic violence,
like other interests of the several states Each state
expressly stipulated well for itself each and all
OF It's citizens, and every citizen Of each became
soemnly bound by his alleg To the constitution
that any person held to labor in
and coming into another should not, in consequence
Of any Law regulation thereof, be dscharg, from
such service labor but should be delivered up
claim OF the party to whom such service labor
might he due by the laws Of his state. Thus and
thus only, by the reciprocal guarantee Of all the
rights OF every state against interference the part
OF another, the present form Of government err
tsbllshed by our fathers and transmit tied us and
by other means is it possible for il exist Ii one
state ceases to respect the rights of another or often
siyely Intermediates with its local interests,--iI
porlon OF Inc states assume to Impose their insttu
uons ON the others, refuse 10 fulhil their obhg-
u0us,-~to them we longer united in friendly
bonds but distracted, hostile and with little capsci-
y eft OF common advantage, but abundant means
o reciprocal injury and mischief Practically il i,
AmmaterA whether there aggressive interference
between the saes absolute refusal the part Of
any one Oh them 20 comply with constitutional obi
CATIONS arising from erroneous conviction or blind
prejudice, whether IL be perpetrated by direction
indrection, in either ii is full of danger to the
durability Of the Union
Placed IN the Office OF Chief Magistrate ms thcex
ecntNe agent Of the whole country-bound to take
care that the laws be faithfully executed, and es-
t~ctaly enJo,nrd by the constitution to give infor
nation 10 Congress the state Of the Uuion--it
would palpabe neglect Of duty on my part 10 pass
over subject like this which beyond all things at
tn preset time vitality concerns individuals and pub
lie security IL has been matter Of painful regret 10
see states CO.'S peuous for her founding
this Republic, and equally sharing its advantage
dsregard their constitutional Obj cations 10 it. Al
though conscious of their inability to heal admitted
and paipable social evils Of their own, and which
are cOmptetriy within their Jurisdictions they en-
gage in the offensive and hopeless undertaking Of
riJrinng he domestic institutions OF other States
wholly beyond their control and authority. In The
the warn pursuit OF end, by them entirely unatta
Die and which they not legally ATTEMPT 10
compass they peril the very existence Of the consti-
tdton aud All the countless benefits which il has
servsd d.
While the people If the Sauthera States couhne
their attention to their affairs. not presHmtug
uihcIously 10 lutcrnedlle with the social institu-
u.us VI the northern States, ,4auy If The iuhab-
!,anta IT tn latter permanently ggauizgd
cations To iatie' On the trmtr wrongful ac.z,
which would hc the cause If war between foreig
[ u N SIS Ia.
cause perpetrated under cover 81 the nlvn Ii is
Impossible - present this subject without noticing
the reiterated bu, ground less allegation that til,
>nth has ierstcntY asserted claimed aud obtained
advantages IN the practical administration If tn
n raj goyernment 10 the prejudice Of the North,
anl IA which The latter has aoquesced. That IS tho
Htis heh either Promote Oierate alta. rs the
rights ~ pTstns Or pr0pety in 9th II States 10 dis
gaiee heir owu njustie,, pr tend or ina gns and
Constantly aver that they whose rlghts are
thn ~ enntieaily assaiid themsey the aggres
sors. Al the present time thi= dstemp red aggres
sion resting A. II does oni the vague declamaory
chargs u political ag tator resolves itself into mis-
apprehension or misinterpretaton Of the pr nciples
aud facts u the poltiaai organization OF the new
territories Of the ned States. What is the voice
oi history W hen the ordinance which provides
t1r the goyernmeut If the Territory If the north
west 81 ihs Ohio river, aud for it's eventual sub-d-
VISION INTO new States, adopted in the Congress
q the confederation, II II not to be supposed that
Tue question ~ future relative between the
States which retained and those which did not re-
tam numerous colored population escaped MOTTO,
~ ialIcd TO be cons ldereo aud ye the concession
OF that vast Territory IL the and opinions
d the northern statas III great measure the
act of he state OF Virginia and the south When
LOUISIANA was acquired by the United states il was
an acquisition not less to the North than to the
south. FOR whlie II was important to the country
AT the mouth OF the Mississippi river 10 become the
emporium of the country above; so also il was more
important TO the whole Union have that empori-
un aud although the new province, by of
IL lmperi ct sett ements, was mainly regarded
upon the Gull OF Mexico yet in fact il extended to
the opposite boundaries Of the United states with
far greater breadth above than below, and in
territory IN everything else, equally heart an
accession to the northern States. II is mere den-
SION aud prejudice, Therefore to speak Of Louisiana
a an acquisition in the special Of the SOUTH
The patriotic and just men who part lated in that
act were influenced by motives far above all section
al jealnusies.
1t was in truth great event which, by completing
tor W. the possession of the valley Of the Mississippi
with commercial access to the Gulf If Mexico i'm
parted unity aud strength To the whole conftdera-
ton and attached them gether by ndsso ubte ties
the East and W est as we'll the North and south
As 70 Florida. there but the transfer by Spain to
the United States Of Territory the side Of the
Mississippi IN exchange for Il large territory which
the United states transferred TO Spain the west
side Of that the entire diplomatic history Of
that tran action denau led by the comm ere al inter
esi and the security If the whole Tn shows. La
the neantime, the people of the United States had
and in brief contest wti Frauca and in a second
serious war with Great Britain, they had shaken Of
ali which remained Of undue reverence for Europe
and emerged from the atmosphere u those trans
Atiant Influences VIII CHI surrounded the infant re-
public aud mad b gan u turn their attention 10 the
full and systematic development Of the internal re-
sources of the Union.
Among the controversies Of that period The mos,
conspicuous was the question Ut the regulation by
Cen res Of the social condition Of Tho future State to
| ba found IN the Territory Of Louisiana The ordi-
nee for the government of the Territory northwes-
| 4 thu Ohio river, had contained provision which
prohibited the use of serve labor therein and was
subject q the condition Of the extradition of fugi
iYes from service due any other part cf the United
States subsequently to the adoption Of the consti-
tuition this provision ceased TO remain rs law for
It's operation a. such was absolutely superseded BY the
constitution, but the recollection Of the fact excited
The lnal Of snclAl