The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1856-12-19
SuB-OCEANiC GEOGRAPHY.
submarine rcIegrapkie Plateau. -DsNp sea
sOundings- Temper atures, &e,y sea


vs. have received copy OF lhs subjo'ned iunsrvsar
report OF Lieut. haury 10 toe Seore sry OF the ssy
tse above imp rtans subjects which Of universal IN
esest III this time from their coanecila WITH the g,nd
schcue Of The daysae as ing cable the
from America 10 Europe ard efieeag Geographic corr
muDicalon between the swo Continents. We may add,
that ws rnder stand Lieut.. Marry hes r pursuing n
ves'gatens, foapd cause TO suspect shas the toN
the dep protected from tne sbraspn
OF currents W cnnhca OF still water or OF least BY
stratum OF wsfr so nesry az that snsre no, fore
.noagh In It's totloas to abrade tbs bottom Ia
tte east and Vurthermore tnAt he been ot sup
pose that The stAaA o running shs ses y
,sns 20 very 1'sst TO iso's sns. se of me
With lubmarius IL iegfapbs
Usrxo STATES OsssavA.lsx, !
WASHINGTON Nov s, 1850 4
Hon JAMES G. DoBlA', Seer essry of ths Nsyy,-
sR-Tne invesisan ons lin the Hy us-sphos
Paismea. OF TINS oce poSse's IN soe OF shsic resals
M Interest not cxcNgsiy n1afalHa bdt of susfcious
pubic concern To Jussiy special raoor, to you.
uoinmanaer Eodger, OF the North Pac,aa Surveying
bosrd The United Ssus ship yscsnnss last year on he
Temperature and spsciSo gravy wa or =, the s1r
lace midway, and at ke baton Of toe arctic o,osa
1fese oossrvatons are kigaly Interesting de p,sses
up tarougn Behring's straits into ha eescueng tds saus
days, he awaited hmser OF tao OPP srsun,y 1, trs l,s
Temperature aad sp cnc gravity OF waar al various
ssp'ns ana places ana his q ossrss'eD, uni ornly
ocsan-warm N and lgEt water top, cola ~ater in tn.
miea,e, ode ana warn and heayl sa.er as .as bottom
the na ssiliemenI OF Tue question OK opea sae
Arctic ocean.
IN these experiments Commander Rotg,rs used as a
cneck uopn his two metallic oeso sea taerms nsers
ron oon.ucpg Under Of hts own contyaaea for brax
Ing specimens Of wstr from various depths Ia gsn
be fid so Tor ue metallic thermom showed them
selves to be Incapable OF aIJrdpg the re.a he soaxn 10
obtain; nor did 100 two agree wh each oher,
he ocservaions OF either sccort Ant WITH oemsa,ge3
You viii observe, tnerafote tha, tho shesm 90 yerva
ions which have revealed 70 Us this suggestive arrange
nent OF cool snd warm water Ia sh5 r0Efa were
made with conmon rercarlai tuecmon,tss upo, tle
water from the several depths after had been brouSas
up to the surface IN the finders rne specific grav,s
is gwen tor the temperature At whlsh s obs ryed
We arc obi iEed 10 omi tho Ininuie abngr details o!
specific graylties aud temperatures al dIne ent depths
lonsitrdes ia,tiudcs, dates, experimental rss b.ao OF
rkely that this warn water ven. In a. a. under
current; that though warmer satsr aud for tnat
reason was heavier. II was made ssltsr we oupiec
ture by evaporation; and while subjected 10 lns
process was in latitude where Il received neat
white was q wing "a iresh waar vapor Thls sass.rs
fuD OF heavy water vas, thsre'or probably within the
topics and At the surface wnen Il received It's
Water, know, IL transported 20 great dspcss by the
under currents OF tho wtaoa changing is tempasa
tarc but . lew degrees by the a,ussth tho Gaa
Stream rear tbe tropc OF Cancer end ths noah Of
August with the OF the above 50 degrees
the deep see Thermometer of the Coast survey reports
POINT That cold current the ater taa, II pore mosi
Certainly 9avs come from tho polar regons.
We know o. numerous currents hoxog ont OF the
Polar bseu and dschargDg inmsnse volumes OF water
into the Atlantis; va kroS % but surfsc- cssrso
snn that feeble oae aroand tina North Cape tax g3os
into ths basin All these out comcg are salt
water therefore for tasr ysaes
tothe rven Of bypcrborcaa America Europe and
the precipitation o tne Polar basic ior all from
these sourccg fresh water Toe nxt those upper
currents bring out is sos salt hence should be orces
to conclude there no other evidt nee 70 warrant
hc conclusion ina, there mu,. be ons or mors uedcr
currents Of salt srd heavy water flowing into the Arsac
basin.
Acou..dersbe body az ussr At tho temperature or 40
degrees rising 20 the surface nerc-as 10 tho sur
fsoa mis In order 20 suppy tho Outgoing upper
thote hyperboreah regions.
This oiscosery OF ROGERS furnishes the oniy ak that
seems TO have ben wanting tho chain Of reasoaag 10
complete from kno xn facts tho rhslry OF an opsa water
In the Arc ocsan and this dscoyery taken Ia conaec
.cn With what northern vo,asers tell Us conserving the
migration cf animals In ihcSs regions; With wnat Br.
kano saw and Do Haven says; win tho fact tina, har
poons fastened IN whales the shores OF Greenland
been taken out Of whales aorg the shores ot Ksm,i
ehaka and Japan-these acis taken i1 connection stA
tho dhcovyy which my own researches have iuiy
veiopsd thai right OF Gre enlard aud tae rivh,
wnse OF tho North Pacific are the ssns nsh, ald
that 10 10 the iorfd z5ne is q OF fams wbtch IL
s. canIo' p.ss sI ssS's & issss linked .oss,as. and
which are Get forth 81 ierg.h IN ,hs pubncsrons Of
this cfce, seem to form chain OF uiess cirou mstan-
ai evidence showing he exssonee Of an open wsscr Ia
Could be explored thore are o,hsr Circumstances. to
encourage the expectation that tue nursery whslcs
would be discovered there with OF wealth
10 our enterprisiny fishermen
Deep soundl g, with specimens Of the bottom have
aso been returned 10 this oico from that ooision.
They wore tahen in the North Psciro with Brookes
pars,us and have been studied hroaga the microscope
Professor Bailey M West Point
They all tell the story, Thcy teach rs that 400
quiet oil the grave rcsns ovsry whore Ia the profound
dephs OF the ocean that the rspose hore bsyond ihs
reach Of w,ad u 20 pwect that nons Of tho powers
of earth rave only the earthquake and volcano, can dis
iurb H.
Tbo specimens cf deep sea soundnzs for which 70 sro
!nteb'ed 70 The ingenuity OF Lieut. Bfooso, pure
and a. free from the sADd OF the the fake
that falls when s calm upon the ~ from the dust u
the earth. Indeed ihese soundnss suggest
the sfa Ike the clou, with ts faxes Ia calm, is
mcroeoopc sses .os Ne nav ven rcsi,, ,n,sn, .iss
The "sunlsss wrecks" which sircw h bottom, are, In
The proees ages hid under this neccy covering. pre-
stn'nR TIE Foopded appearance .hioh is thu
boty Of the traveller who has peretcd Ia the
storm The ocean, esrecss wss aud near toe tropics
ibIpss ere conveyed BY currents, and scattered and
lodged IN the course OF Time oil ovor ts bottom. Tnis
cese !. with msDs. sous.,ns c orsanisns ssos,s @
a. the msctd frost and as light - tho undrfed snow
fake On the mountAin.
wherever this beautiful soandtng rod has reached the
bottom cf the deep whether In the Atlantic Psoic
The bed OF the ocoan has boon found OF 10 snke SON
ntss Tho lead sJpears 10 sink many ec deep into tho
oozy matter there which has been strained and Uttered
ihrocah the sea waller. Ths matter oorsts o the skelc
tors and casts Of nsos oa the sea OF microscopic minute
Mss.
Tho ct that tho Currents d. not roach down 10 the boa
tom Of the aesp sea that therc are no aorsdns agents
rope of sand, streieAed shs bed d tho ocean,
would be cahc strong enough 10 hold the longes, ble
covsries nsds W We course Of mo avsssaons carried
on In the hydroUaphicai department ot tn cnoe COO
cernnE the poy OF the and already announced IN
tn Official publications ,nd circumstance likely 70
prove " ercst psactca value and Importance in soems
rise tsksrapbya line Of business only 10 the nrs sase
OF 10 nancy, but deeply Interesting 10 tho whole human
huiiy Tor In s bearings and results toufbss most
nearly he progress 81 man IN the march that u leading
him upsarc and onward The uo'cn vas thai ielc
graphic cable. must be ot evai strength 70 ressst and
~hbsand Tho forces cf tnc Wnofeupou The conduct
iDr wire amer being coated nsussos With <ua perohs
~aa ercassd In wire haster cable stout enough 10
bold the mpett "scvsn,y iOur' 70 bey aschers.
These cables were very expensive In shcr ran1fac-
ture puky Tor soxsge. uns oiey Tor haodnG sud diI
coli ~ sy u sncb vbe laid cable thai The rele
sraphS Company lost In the laying bctwecn Sevfcund
hrd and CsTe Breton, in 1855: and b soch = ono
'sd, sta and larger than q mas arn-thN the
rrensh hare tscc empted 10 hay n the Nsdsrrsoean,
and tvke lost
INT have ksrped, In The u these
teaasons, thai ell the OBSTACLES 1evpcesa by the 10
the laying Of submsrse ieegysphs NJ between the
isce ssd The depth of Few hundred soros below; aud
that these 70 be mastered By h~ce
BY tho tensile strength of wire drawn ropes but that
wnh little ssu0ce, they WI yield " more thread II
" the Of ADD The Essle nautilus ~ the
kurv ths IN 10 N dAe a IN