The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1856-11-23


these circumstances, Mr.. Pierce aud Mr.. Marcy,
wishing TO reconcile that policy and the new rules
of European maritime war with interests which are
exclusively American, proposed, as an adjunct to
the Declaration of the Paris Congress, condition
which must be impossible so long as war remains
the great arbitrament of nations. They say we are
willing TO give up priyateering Invaluable as 1t is TO
our country, provided "that the private property
OF the subjects or citizens or belligerent on the
high seas shall be exempted from seizure by publ:
armed vessels Of the other belgerent except it be
c0ntreband." wiser man than either Mr.. Pierce
or Mr.. Marcy has emphatcally declared that q COM
meIcial peace and maritime war cannot exist to-
gether. We allude to the opinion of Lord Stowell,
whose decisions are as much respected in America
as they are in this country. The policy OF the
tea deuds pDy
one but Mr.. Heath and those other Liverpool
merchants whose intimate relations with parties
across the Atlantic appear to have given an unpa-
uiotic bent to their sympathies and opinions. In
case of q war between England and any other
European Power, under this new rule the Amei-
oaDs would hope to enjoy almost q monopoly
of the carrying trade of the world. But hardly so
for the exception of articles c0ntraband OF war
would leave untouched the right Of search, and
every vessel would still have TO be overhaued-an
operation against which the Americans have Away
protested. Mr.. Pierce, in his Message delivered IN
1854, states that
The D. oposai 10 surrender the right to employ prya-
ieeys proessedy founded upon the principle that tn
private property Of non combaants, though enemies
posed surrender goes but little way in carry ing out
that principle, which equally requires that such pr
property should not be seized or molested by
national chips Of war. Should the leading powers
Of Europe concur In proposing rule Of International
70 x a ss ws urS
teers the United States will readily meet thtm upon that
bread ground
The obvious answer to this is, that private pro-
perry consisting even of the most innocent articles
tends to supply the belgerent State with the means
Of protrac,iDg hostilites According to the admit
ted rules of international law corn, cheese and arti
cles OF food going to naval or military port or
arsenal, are contrabaDd OF war. SO articles
which, in an manufactured stste, are per-
fectly innocent, but which are capable of being
applied to warlike purposes, are contraband OF
war. Other articles Of ordinary commerce--the
great staples OF trade-represent money, and money
constitutes the sinews and resources of bellige-
rent. England, with her undoubted naval superior
ity, is the last country in the world to be apprehen
sive Of permanent injury to her commerce from
Should she be in ,ned strictly to enforce the first
provision Of the Defamation the comfy Of nations,
we ale inclined to think would not be stretched so
consequences which Mr. Polk not darkly Swallowed
forth at the time when Mexico threatened to supple
ment its disparity Of naval force by the same objec
tioDable means. But il the American rule were
adopted, the only consequence would be, that each
country engaged in war would, as iA ne
cessities dictated, contract or eqpand it's
catalogue of contraband. The right Of search
would be enforced, commerce would be
impeded, and no merchant would know whether his
goods wond be allowed to pass free be conscated
We do not believe that 1t would matter much if the
entire Declaration of the 10Th Of April were con-
demDed by the Chamber of Commerce at Liverpool.
When the subject was discussed in Parliament it Is
curious to observe that objection taken to those
Telaxations which were made in favor of neutral
commerce, but that not word was said against the
the United States, amidst their present struggles
and REORGANIZATION will doubt receive gratefully
the compliment which Mr.. Heath seeks to pay them,
by endorsing policy which, disguised in the name
and which, II capable Of adoption, would subject
commerce to new oppression and new vexation.
The Emperor Napoleon and hts Difficulties.
lCofresoonoence % the London Times
PARIS, Thursday, Nov. 6.--G p. M.
For some days past Iumors were current OF an APP
preaching modification of the French Cabinet, aud
the return # NJ. Billaut to Paris was said to be
az aiied for that purpose The discomfort existing
in the faubourgs, the desttution among the working
c.asses--not so much from want of employment AZ
from the high price Of all the necessares OF life
the dissatisfaction among the manufacturing people,
the financial or monetary crisis, the frequent dis
coyery Of seditious placards, and the aspect Of
Affairs generally at home and abroad were all
sufficiently legitimate motives Of alarm. The
reports OF the Project OF Police, contdentially
and directly addressed TO the Emperor showed
that the condition of the people was any
thing bu, satisfactory and that their murmars we're
not unfounded. NJ! Billault returned to Paris on
Monday evening. and Immediately resumed his
functions. A cabinet council met yesterday at
Compiegne, and the various questions were
brought before it, in the presence Of the Emperor,
and fully discussed. One member OF the council
spoke at considerable length and he proved that the
suerings and consequent discomfort Of the Partisan
population were TO great extent owing to the
financial measures Of the government and that the
oisconfent Of the manufacturers was attributable to
their fear Of radical changes in the tariff The
vrtlS AZ tirpa nd uanff
interest," we're also discussed; but whether any or
what solution Of the present difficulty to come
to do not know, but the rumors Of partial changes
In the ministry continue 70 circulate, and will do So
probably, for some days to come.
The Persiap Army at Herat.
The following extracts are taken from letter
which appears in the Monitsvr de rArm6s, of
France, Of the 9th inst, written il IA stated by an
European officer serving In the Persian army before
Herat:-
The Persian army oon,sts Of 20 600 Infantry Of body
OF cavalry Which occupies the whole OF the surrounding
country, ana Of . regular siege train the whole under
The ccmmaDd Of Generalin- Oh cf named Rig Khan.
merit formerly . student at the Polytechnic School.
The bsreries are commsnded by Captain Krziz,
ssl,y r. up U the o0~msea Of !, austrian ON.
Ger The principal engineering operations being
direc'ed ssaips, Fort Nouchky, which the kcy OF al
I'd OF september, the breschipg batteries bad opened
sessns, the OF this work. and we're u.
" q, which appeared proDa0le me fan oil herM would
be certain There souDd then be nothing oppose
b,siegpg army but old Fashioned WALL bull 1885,
witch oorid not resist regular attack properly led An
IA sh .sr late Of the pany service, directs
ersncerpg operations within the town but fssa KhAns
Is In complete state Of demon azaiou and every
DAY numerous deser,iops swell the Persian racks.
The Court u reheran hes IN this undertaken holy
cruadc which docs not 20 be Generosity understood
IN europe Isamsm Ia divided into tvo great sscs-
the Subniies, VINO recognize the CAiphs Aboubekir,
Omar and Oman, the succcssovs OF Maaomet and
this % the dominant eect In Turkey and Egypt; aud
a "A slo H.