New-York daily tribune. [volume] (New-York [N.Y.]) 1842-1866, 1856-11-04
WHAT THE CENSUS TEACHES RE-
SPECTING FREE AND SLAVE LABOR.
To o.. Ed,;o, Of The v. u Tribune.

To D.. Edi;o, Of Tne v Y Tribune
SIR There needs but small apology for writing You
ANYTHING on the subject which agitaes the coun-
try which may in any way tend to convince or per-
suade the public, one or two, or ten men of it, that
is expedient and in truth necessary, that men Of
Northern States should unite to prevent the inroduc
ton of Slavery into any Territory now free. The
ground take is not new, but presented in perhaps d
new light 1t is an old argument that Slavery ex-
cludes Free Labor because labor in a Slave State is
de grading, and because Northern white men, who
work their own lands and their own living by the
sweat of their brow viii not consent to go to State
where ~ white aborer is despised by the STAKEHOLDER
and pitied by the slave.
But now do not ntezd 10 urge any reason for the
fact that Free-State men will not settle in Slave
State wish TO show merely that Il as the fact, aud
that the Western speaker was not wrong when he said
that "the existence OF Slavery III Territory or State
IA as effectual barrier against FreeStatc emgra-
"uon as would be the inerposition OF ryer OF molten
Iron and al atmosphere of melted brass
Nv an examination of the census we lind that the
Inhabitants of the Free States are about % per cent OF
the Whole puation OF the United States, and the IN
babi,spts Of The Slave Stass about 81 per cent. Oi
tt 6S per ent nhabDg the Free States ~ per cent
were bon in the Free States, per cent were born In
tie Slave States cent abroad and rather less than
ore Der cent didn't know where they were born, ana
perhaps whether they had any fathers.
OF The 81 per cent inhabiting the Slave States .
per cent were born in the Slave States, per cent In
the Free States per cent abroad and ABOUT Per
cent were of unknown birth. From this We see that
the interchange of population between the two sections
is yey disproportionate the least popuous section
eel ding four times many emlgrans 10 the otaer IS
it receives This cannot be accounted for IN any 0her
way than that there inhabitants of the Slave
States eho see the Ill tie cts O Slave Labor and leave
it behind ihem while there IS such natural a6hor-
renee of Slavery in the Free States that people will not
apAf f..n han 20 L.
considered that at the South there is far good land
sId at less prices than in the North, becomes very
significant fact
Again; The States most advanced in civilization,
where education is most widely exte led, Massa hui
setis and Nen y ork, exhibit a more irked dscrep.
ancy than the aggregate results would lead to sup
pose Mas chul etts has sent lo9,Osi emgrants Ia
Free Stater and only 1855 TO Slave; ana New-York
has cert 5l5 Si TO the Free States. and only % 7j5 10
the Slave Massachusetts emigration stances q dec
aratlon that Il comparative benefits OF Free and Slave
Labor are as about - 20 B. and the NewlOrk emgra-
ton dec the ratio to be about "a to s. Pennsyl-
gives ratio s. to 10, and NewJersey 81 10 a.
Delaware sends - per cent Of her emigration to the
Free States Maryland 81 per cent Virginia 80 per
cent. The Northern Slave States thus ali preterrng
FEE TO Si.ye Labor, and il is to be borne in mind
that always, TIL very recently, there has been 1re
Slave territory open for settlement than Free if there
be not now. A comparison Of the emigration from Viz
giria to Ohio and Kentucky gives Us the ratio of IS
10 9i to Indiana and Tennessee, the ratio of IL to i6
ard TO Illinois and Missouri Of "a 20 49, The total
emigration 10 the three Free State Just mentioned was
lJ2 10 the three Slave States II 0J9 bat had the
emigration been i'll the ratio of territory, the Slave
States would have received had they got their proper.
ton Cf the whole number Of emigrantsl l53 b. IS.
Ii has often been stated that the Slave States are
peopl,d by from Slave StaTes Take Fiorida-to
b. cure, rather al unfair example but shall have
better pTesently Florida gets from the Free States
75S. and from the Slave States, in immigration,
% $50. Her alien population is :, 1j.nearly twice as
large the whole FTeeState immi grafton aud utterly
out Of proportion with the alien population of the
nited States. But Florida i.nt example OF the
igrGii, ON Free 10 Slave States, and we take
faiIcr sample. No one object 10 Missouri, the
nOrtheLnost OF the Slave States. with not enough
slave population 10 give her representative il it
not coroiDed with % 900 whites. The Free St,e
III migIGt 10 Missouri has been only q per c IN. Of
the total immig ration while it ought 10 been
Steering tie geographical POSITION OF the state il. easy
proath The comparative cheapDces Of the and there
tie fact that every facility offered 10 the farmer BY
IT. being Itersected by such network Of streams-Of
getting produce 10 market, and We see at once that
dtre not some which prevented Free-State
settlers from coming there the ratio Of immigration
from tie Free and Slave States should be that vi pop
uation about u 10 80; but the proportion is more
Il Cd reversed. But Missouri favors the South az much
Florida does the Moth. Let Us look at Arkansas
The in ration hher from the Free States il only
yer cent Oi the total imm grafton In Texas about
tie same. In louisiana, a commercial State, and
having from the Free States mainly commercial i'm
migration, the pe centsge is raised to 2j SURPRISING
even Missouri, though he number Of immigrants Is not
great
Ibis brtf statement Of facts sufficiently proves that
The assertion OF tie Western man was in the main
correct.
few words now about the equal rights and claims
Of the States Dpon the Territories Lousisna was
b. ught primarily for the benefit Of the Northwestern
Staier ultimately for the b. neft of the whole Union.
Letting the first reason for purchase pass let us zee
what tie Union has gained from the acquisition II
has given the Union tive Slave States, Louisiana Mis-