davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
St. Charles Republican intelligencer. (St. Charles [Charles City], Iowa) 1856-1857, 1856-12-25

HO TO ASCERTAIN THE THICKNESS or
THE FoG.-The first post you knock
your head against will tell you at
once how thick it is 4$9
St. Charles Republican intelligencer. (St. Charles [Charles City], Iowa) 1856-1857, 1856-12-25

PARALLEL REPRoAcHEs.-It is equally
severe to say Of speech that it is
Wordy, as of music that it is Verdi n
St. Charles Republican intelligencer. (St. Charles [Charles City], Iowa) 1856-1857, 1856-12-25

The Manufacturers and Mechanics
Bank Of Columbus, Georgia, has failed,
St. Charles Republican intelligencer. (St. Charles [Charles City], Iowa) 1856-1857, 1856-12-25

Emerson calls the slaves the
black spots on the sun Of American
Freedom"
St. Charles Republican intelligencer. (St. Charles [Charles City], Iowa) 1856-1857, 1856-12-25

The corn that took the prize at the Iowa
State Fair produced 1872 bushels to the acre.
St. Charles Republican intelligencer. (St. Charles [Charles City], Iowa) 1856-1857, 1856-12-25
|. B. +. HILDRETH l. D. u. W. CARVER, EDITORS.
st. Charles, Iowa, Dec. q, 1856.
Parficnlar Notice

All natter intended for this Office, should be directed
to FREEMAN PosToFF1cE FLOYD COUNTY, Iowa.
St. Charles Republican intelligencer. (St. Charles [Charles City], Iowa) 1856-1857, 1856-12-25

Speaker announced a communication
from j. d. Eads, Superintendent OF
public instruction, as follows
OFFICE SUP. PUB. INSTRUCTION,
Iowa CRY, Dec. 10, 1856.
10 the General assembly:
Genaemen:-My attention has been called ia
. paragraph in the report of the Register Of
tho State Land Office to the Governor, rs fol-
lows:
'.Not having been furnished by the Superin-
tendent of Public instruction with the origi-
nal list of selection of the 500, 900 acre grant,
have taken the plats of said lands, furnished
by the Department at Washington to the Su-
perintcndent of Public instruction as the basis
by which to enter said lands in the tract book. :"
In the first place am not aware of any law
requiring me to furnish the Register with said
original list
In the second place, Mr. Hart, the Register,
never requested me to furnish said list.
In the third place did not have possession
Of said list when said Register opened his tract
book, for the reason that had loaned it to
Gov. Grimes, (through Hon. Geo. johnson, }
for the purpose OF enabling the Governor to
make selections of certain School Lands in
several counties which he, 1.-THE Governor, with
Others, wanted to buy on speculation.
Fourth. The Governor never returned to me
the list SO borrowed.
Fifth. The said original list was superseded
by the action Of the Legislature in adopting
the book of plats from which the Register has
made his transfers into the ''tract book of
his Office.
Sixth. The platsof said lands were not ''fur-
nished by the Department at Washington,
but were made by one Peter Daggy who was
paid for this service at the rate Of one dollar
New-York daily tribune. [volume] (New-York [N.Y.]) 1842-1866, 1856-02-13
MIR. PIERCE's LAST.

1t is expected Of men processing craftsmanship
that the, should fOresee the effect of the measures
they adopt. When the Nebraska bill was under
discussion, we were told b. its authors and adyO-
Gates that is passage would be followed by tranquil
lty i'll that part of the country where twas to opcr
ate. And we who opposed it, did so not only on
the ground of it's outrageous and humiliating con-
ceSSions to the spirit of Slavery and because it
was blow to Freedom but also because it would
lead to disorder and CONFUSION.
The history of Kansas is the commentary upon
the political wisdom of the authors of that nefari
GUS measure. Kansas is in state of incipent
war; her principal town is surrounded with forts;
military guards watch for the footsteps Of the in
vader; every man is armed, and every woman is
running balls or making cartridges. And not only
Kansas, but the whole country, trembles on the
verge Of civil CONFUSION. Alarmed at the results
of his own work, the President only fortnight
since sent one elaborate message on Kansas TO
Congress, and now issues another, or rather a
proclamation 10 all the world on the same subject.
The quiet OF the country which so generally pre-
vailed at the Presidents accession, and which be
so ostcntatously pledged himself TO preserve, he
has wantonly disturbed and now by vain words
strives TO restore.
We do not wonder that the President is alarmed
and sims 10 relieve his CONSERVATION by yolubility
of talk. 1t is the old device Of whstling 10 keep
the courage up. But Mr.. Pierce should know
that his Messages are not Of the least account in
subduing the popular feeling in favor of Freedom
and fair-play for Kansas. He is not the President
of the country but the fusleman Of & faction. His
course on the Nebraska bill his last Annual Mes
sage, his special Kansas Message, and now his
Proclamation on the same subject continued, de-
monstrate him to be a man who has determined TO
devote his energies TO the extension of Slavery,
and the crushing out of the opponents of lis ex-
tension. Under such circumstances he has lost all
power over everybody but those of his own party
who for the sake ofplHce and plumber sustain such
an atrocous line of conduct Accordingly we
advise the President 10 stop issuing Messages and
Proclamations upon tlis subject. The people of
the Free States care nothing about them They
will DO all they have set out to do, aud " II only
New-York daily tribune. [volume] (New-York [N.Y.]) 1842-1866, 1856-02-13
NEW WORK DAILY TRIBUNE WEDNESDAY, FEBRUARY 49, 1856

tiff; and the two persons who knew most ABOUT 'ns
matter being thus set aside, the whole case was
left to turn upon the testimony of others b! the
old system, if a paper with the defendants sigma
ture was set out in the declaration he WAS co.n'
pelled either to admit or deny its genuinene's D'
the new one, he could sit silent IN court anu sec
the plaintiff lose his case for want OF witnesses 70
prove the defendants handwriting, when II inc
question could have been put TO him, tha' deienu'
and must have confessed it at once.
We cannot entertain the least doubt that the
knowledge that the parties could be put upon INC
stand would prevent half the lawsuits when now
take place: while at the same time that method
would dispose of half the remainder without the
necessity of calling any other witnesses. Ihe law
vers. however, need not be alarmed, as this chahse
would encourage many persons to insist upon their
legal rights. who are now discouraged from 1t De-
cause they can have the benefit neither OF their
own testimony nor of that of the opposite party
who in FIVE cases out of ten are the only parties
able to throw much if any light upon the matter
in controversy.
New-York daily tribune. [volume] (New-York [N.Y.]) 1842-1866, 1856-02-13
LAW REEORM.

The State OF Massachusetts,, few years since,
followed the example of New York in the adoption
Of code of practice by which many OF the absurd
technicalites OF the old methods of procedure were
done away; and We observe that the Legislature OF
that State now has before it proposition to follow
the example of England in admitting the parties
to suit TO be examined as witnesses.
This change, so far from being an innovation,
will be in fact but return to the ancient usage
which was set aside and superseded not for any OF
the reasons now commonly given by the lawyers
why the parties are not and should not be exam
ined but By pure accident, or rather as an uncOn-
templaed and unattended result of changes having
on entirely different object in view. In the old
Anglo Saxon courts the proceedings were all oral.
The plaintiff stated his complaint By word Of
mouth; the defendant answered in the same way;
and as to the points which they could not agree
witnesses were heard.
The introduction by the Norman LAWYERS of writ
ten peadings did not essentially alter this method
of proceeding. In all the old forms of action the
pleadings were, as the lawyers say, special. The
plaintiff stated his case, being obliged 10 confne
himself 10 one single statement of it-duplicity in
pleading being fatal 10 the case, and only one
count being allowed The defendant replied to this
single count in single plea, in which he TOO was
obliged 20 avoid dupicity, and admitting al the
rest of the plaintiff allegation, to state the single
point either Of denial or excuse on which he chose
to rest his defense. If il were a matter OF excuse
the plaintiff could reply, avoiding duplicity in his
turn and selecting the single fact alleged by the
defendant which he denied or ii he could not deny
tie fact alleging some other fact which made it of
no avail by way Of excuse. Thus the pleadings
went on till they resulted either in an agreement
of the parties as TO all the facts and the raising OF
question of law or in their disagreement as TO one
particular fact, Us to which the case went to
Jury.
II is evident that by this procedure the parties
themselves in substance put under examination,
aid the examination of witnesses limited 10 those
points only as to which the parties did not agree.
But this system OF pleading, though not without
certain merits, was liable 10 great abuses and IN
certantes; and gradually the double pleading
was introduced, by which the plaintiff might state
his case in several different ways, TO adapt it to
what be might be able to prove; and the defendant
BY pleading double, might set up various distinc;
matters OF defense. 4 still more essential and
fundamental change was made b. introducing new
forms Of action in which the defendant instead of
being obliged to plead specially, would plead the
general i'sue-that is, would deny the whole mat
ter Of the declaration and leave the plaintiff to
prove it,
Under tbs system the defendant was obliged to
admit nothing and a. the same time b. lost the ad
vantage o: drawing any admissions FROM the plain.
New-York daily tribune. [volume] (New-York [N.Y.]) 1842-1866, 1856-02-13

their Northern compatriots in csucus-would not
unite with them in the selection and support Il
candidates. Even Mr. L. d. Campbell, who had
lost friends by endeavOring to frame common
platform on which North and South Americanism
could stand could obtain no single vote for Speaker
from Slave State; and there is no evidence that
any North American would have Jared better
Aud when at last the House was brought to d.
rect choice between Southern Pro-Slavery Dem
ocrat and Northern American of Republican pro-
cliyities, every American from the southwark Of
the Potomac went for the former, while not one
National American supported the latter. Soma
thirty American" votes were given for Aiken;
not one but an Ant.Nebraska American" voted
for Banks. Can moro be needed to show that the
question of Slavery in the Territories reigns para
mount in our American politics, aud that " Ameri-
canism" is hell subordinate, not by Republicans
only but by Nationals of all parties &C.
New-York daily tribune. [volume] (New-York [N.Y.]) 1842-1866, 1856-02-13

The Southern politicians seem Of late to have
wholly abandoned their old notions Of strict con
struction, and to have made the application OF
the powers Of the General Government the key 10
their new method Of constitutional Interpretation
OF this new system Of Interpretation the most
recent specimen is the assumption by the Senate
Of the right TO originate appropriation DIS.
The objections TO this new assumption are wen
stated in the speech Of Mr.. Sumner which Will be
found in another column. The sole argument 10
favor Of this exercise Of power by the Senate Is one
Of convenience. That argument, if pressed, would
lead first to the orginaton of all bills in the Senate
according TO Penns original scheme Of leg'a-
ton for bis colony of Pennsylvania-and secondly
to the dropping altogether of the House of Repre-
sentatives as a mere stumbling in the way Of
the dispatch of business.
The tendency OF this innovation certainly ia
greatly to augment the consequence of the Senate.
We shall see whether the House is inclined TO sink
into the position Of merely countersignng appro-
priations made By the other branch.
New-York daily tribune. [volume] (New-York [N.Y.]) 1842-1866, 1856-02-13

reply 10 his maniesoes that il is pity be was not
wise in time. and knew no better than to raise the
storm about his ears that he is now 80 solcitous to
quell.
The Nebraska bill being the greatest Of outragss,
It's consequences are inevitable unless 1t IL now
Immediately anndoned. Folly and madness ruled
the bour in which it passed. To have participated
in tie contamination of such a measure may well
call I'D feelings OF shame, repentance and remorso
in the bosom Of Mr.. Pierce. But it is not BY
sticking to his errors that he can hope TO conciAs
the sentiment Of Liberty he 40 grossly outraged
Let him, if he would Influence the action Of the
people on this momentous issue, come out and
confess bis sin and his folly and aim to right the
wrong he has perpetrated. But unless he does
this. he may rest assured that be will not be re-
pnrded by the freemen OF this nation in any other
light than as the head cOnspirator against Free
dom-tbe leading champion of the extension Of
Slavery; and that as such, bis conduct is to BIO
denounced aud his counsels spurned.
But if il will in any way tend to restore his
equsninity so greatly disturbed by the action Of
the people who have determined that Kansas ,hall
not be yielded up TO Slavery we will assure him
that no general revolution is intended, and that no
civil war involving the whole country need be
feared. The friends of Freedom only design to
make Kansas Free State, and they would affec-
tonately invite Mr. Pierce to stand out Of the
way while they do it. BY undertaking to prevent
it he will only make more trouble, and create Cir
cumstances Of alarm more formidable than those
which now excite and alright his soul.
New-York daily tribune. [volume] (New-York [N.Y.]) 1842-1866, 1856-02-13

In the Court of Sessions yesterday, Mathews
another of the indicted gamblers, entered plea
of guilty, after Intellectual attempts to procure
a postponement of the trial to the March term
of the Court. A suspension of Judgment in
Matthew's behalf was asked. John Graham
counsel for Joseph S. Hail. delivered Gu elaborate
argument in support of a motion to quash the
indictment. In the cases Of Thompson and
Heeman pleas in abatement were put in and the
defendants discharged.
New-York daily tribune. [volume] (New-York [N.Y.]) 1842-1866, 1856-02-13

We have already published several letters
from Missouri on the subject of the frauds commit.
ted under the act of Congress ceding swamp lands
to the States. 1t was charged by our correspond
ent that for the benefit of certain spectators and
with the conniyance or more direct aid of certain
officers, State and Federal, many tracts had been
claimed by the State of Missouri as swamps, which
in fact were high and dry uplands.
This disclosure attracted attention at Washing
ton, but the attempts Of The Union to apologize
for the conduct of the parties implicated only drew
from our correspondent fresh and stronger proofs.
While The Union was attempting to silence our
correspondent by argument, the Commissioner Of
the Public Land. Office was endeayOring, rs we are
informed to silence him by private letters and
representations looking very much like threats.
1t will be seen, however that the Commissioner,
in a proclamation which we publish to-day in
another place, has acknowledged that the matters
charged as to the fraudulent selection of swamp
lands require investigation, and that he offers to
receive proof of such frauds
In order, however, TO make it the interest of
anybody to offer such proofs it certainly is no more
than reasonable that the person who saves the
United States from being cheated out of these lands
should have presumption right at the Government
price. The suggestions to Congress on this subject
contained in the letter which we publish in another
column seem to us well worthy OF attention.
New-York daily tribune. [volume] (New-York [N.Y.]) 1842-1866, 1856-02-13

The proposed extension of the BOwey to Frank
lin square is definitely settled by the decision of
Judge Harris, who dismisses the motion to grant
an appeal from the first decision of the Supreme
Court. The opening will probably so ahead early
in the Spring. 1t will be one of the most valuable
improvements of the day, since it will materially
relieve Chatham street, which is now absolutely
choked with vehicles and give broad and easy
road to the vicinity of the Brooklyn ferries. Il
will also greatly increase the value of property in
the Fourth Ward.
New-York daily tribune. [volume] (New-York [N.Y.]) 1842-1866, 1856-02-13

Agricultural and mining accounts are more favor
able. As yet there is no immediate prospect OF the
election Of United States Senator. There has
been more fighting in Oregon with the Indians, in
which twenty-threc whites Were killed. Affairs
were quiet in Nicaragua.
New-York daily tribune. [volume] (New-York [N.Y.]) 1842-1866, 1856-02-13

Highway robberes and assaults with slung-shot
are becoming alarmingly frequent The police.
we are told by the Mayor, were never so efficient
as now, yet violent assaults and mysterious dissp-
pearances do not seem TO abate Probably four
out Of every FIVE of the villains who enact these
robberies are well known 10 the officers in their
neighborhoOd. Why, therefore, are they no,
watched Or is it impossible to caseh them at
their work There are wards we are told, whore
such characters have been so closely spotted that
they have been obliged to leave for safer quarters
1t should and might be so throughout the city. Let
n hundred selected officers be put on their track,
and follow them wherever they go, keeping the
rascas aware of the fact that any attempt at crime
will bring down the stars and in three months
nearly all of them would be starved out and BE-
obliged tOleaye the city.
New-York daily tribune. [volume] (New-York [N.Y.]) 1842-1866, 1856-02-13

We give in this mornings paper letter from
Mr.. Platt Potter, of Schenectady, declining to act
az delegate to the approaching Republican Con-
yHntion at Pittsburgh, and declaring that he has
not vet attached himself to that party. AT the
same time Mr. Potter takes occasion to depict the
two factions of the democratic" or Border
Rufian party in this State in language alike re-
markable for fidelity TO the truth, and for just
disgust and scorn for their baseness. Infexibly
opposed as he is to the extension of Slavery, be
cannot act with either Of these reerean and degra
ded factions. He must eschew them both, but yet
lie is not altogether ready to sever his connection
with the Democracy which he accordingly pro-
poses to cherish and support in rather abstract
and intangible manner. Such being Mr. Potters
convictions, it is hard to see how be can remain
aloof from the Republican organization There
alone are the true principles of democracy any
longer recognized and upheld; and there alone is
any eFectual resistance to the extension OF Slavery
contemplated. We cannot but think that had Mr..
Potter not written his letter until the publication
Of Mr.. Pierce's Proclamation, he might have
thought il his duty to 60 to Pittsburgh. II is con-
stsDtly becoming more and more evident that there
are now to be only two great parties in the coun-
try: these are the Republicans and Border Ruff
fans; and every honest and patriotic citizen must
decide to which of them he will give his support
New-York daily tribune. [volume] (New-York [N.Y.]) 1842-1866, 1856-02-13
Nothing had been heard of the Pacific when our
paper went to press this morning.

The weather was warm yesterday until about
sunset, when it became suddenly cold with high
northerly wind The slush in the streets was
pretty much frozen up at midnight.
New-York daily tribune. [volume] (New-York [N.Y.]) 1842-1866, 1856-02-13

VALUABLE REAL ESTATE AT AUCTION lhis
DiYThs attention Of readers called 70 me sac 20 D
made this day wv ednesdsy al y O'clock, 81 tas eicha
F1ehange BY ALBEkT NIcoLAY, Auconeer oons'l y "
fyo vsTy Valuable Lots corner ay. and S2th sso hOsc
and Lot No W Attorneyst House and Lot on ~ s. o
ssIsshI. Iense No Il WAL and Pl, OF Oronnd on
- "a sSI a. ana the 18th and 18th WITH vaua"s
W., RiSb Terms Of all the property Liberal For rnss ana
Ell VI refer AuctiOneer Nc. BTosasi
New-York daily tribune. [volume] (New-York [N.Y.]) 1842-1866, 1856-02-13
Nemalork Dailp Gl-ibnore
WEDNESDAY, FEBRUARY 10, 1856.

We shall print regular subscribers $50 600 copies
of Tax WEEKLY TRIBUNE Of this week II is without doubt
the beet advertising medium in the country This the last
day for for this weeks issue Prce
Seventy five Cents n line
New-York daily tribune. [volume] (New-York [N.Y.]) 1842-1866, 1856-02-13

We have by telegraph from New-0reans a brief
abstract Of news from California to January 81
New-York daily tribune. [volume] (New-York [N.Y.]) 1842-1866, 1856-02-13
Business Notices.
JJoNr INSURANCE COMPANY OF NEWBORN
Office No Wall-st.

Ofhce No WaII-st -. 49, ~
Cab Capital $3.50 20
Amount Of Assets Dec. 81, lSbj.....'' SzS'1SSo -
Amount Of Liabilities
This Cor PAW continues 20 insnre buidins-, - o. -
shirs IN port and their Carsoss, Houreboi9 - - a.
f0nsi Property generally aesins Loss " Ne' -
favorable Terms. ,.--..t-p..4
DIREcTORs;
~, 49,. q.,odsrs NcNamee Geo. d Morgan,
W., q Tsn,ier, Ccphas u. Moron, George feafce,
!" m " bs S,,ta' oli,cr T. WOOD Ward A. WOrk,
DsnI,dN peUev Amos II. EnO, James Low
Dthiot9 y. par Aired Barnes l. H. FrOh.n cham.
1eeIus ~ - (,4or,s Bliss Caas. A. Buikry,
unoAss Uensr poe Iock wood Richard BigrlOw,
Charles Is. Hatch, John q Nelson ailos ~
N. T. Hooker lyman oke teNfy - ti'''O'''
u Wsfsop Bull Levi r. Morton, Jof % hoyt,
n .,,~-Inrv ir Curts Noble VIM Stulgis, r.
Iueien ID. Conan, Jno. H. Huichihsoh JONI ~ foie'
Homer Morgan, stephen raul geo J. SlslN'"'
Levi r. Stone Cha r Baldwin sydney n1son'
James Humphrey, II. G0bert by, tihe Fsea-ey -.
Dividend Of TWELVE RIA CENT has been 4ec!ai8o lns
day. the Stockholders the once OF IAe COMPANY
v" CHaELEs J. MAETIS, President
New-York daily tribune. [volume] (New-York [N.Y.]) 1842-1866, 1856-02-13
THE COMMITTEES OF THE HOUSE.

Editorial Correspondence Of The n. T. Tribune
WASHINGTON, Monday, Feb. IL, 1856
1t is generally understood that MIR. Banks viii
tomorrow morning submit to the House the Com
mttees of that body as framed by him under its
rules and resolution. These Committees will have
been scrutinized in New-York by telegraph before
this etter-oven with better luck than usual this
Winter-can reach THE TRIBUNE office by Mail;
and, as do not know, and have not sought to
know, the composition of those Committees, the
reader may then test my inferences by the light OF
ascertaned facts.
The last House was strongly Democratic, and
Linn Boyd of KY was chosen its Speaker. TWAS
his undsputed right to give his political associates
majority on every important Committee. he
New-York daily tribune. [volume] (New-York [N.Y.]) 1842-1866, 1856-02-13

Co by the Industrial Exhibition Of all Nation FOR their as
raent radio 81 cure Also, the Fair OF the AneIo1 ~ III
fts awarded the 6rst premium this truss IN ls
As 10 lie superiority Professors Vsers MOI me ~
ana John Carnochan. An aBsvo sto names OF nolc1
fIe and other gentlemen cured by tins truss may % So
M.KsH Co.'S No j Msd0Dlans New 1ofk' eio hsI'n
S;o,lies Co.'S No Wost fbst., Cincnnafi, ono open
from Ia until q. m.
New-York daily tribune. [volume] (New-York [N.Y.]) 1842-1866, 1856-02-13

PIANOS, MELODEONs AND hUsiC.-nohAoE
.ry,s Asen, for the best Boston NewYork Pianos. j.
now selling No SO Broadway entirely new stoA OF
s,roy Pianos Meodeons and all kinds Of musical meTchan
a. Al greatly reduced prices No better opportunity 70 Sc
Sure est ever offered Music by popular com
,,,sers al a large discount
New-York daily tribune. [volume] (New-York [N.Y.]) 1842-1866, 1856-02-13

,eceyed prize medals al Worlds Fair London 1851 and
Crysa Palace New York 1s53J5L SlLAs c. HERRING Co.,
Nos. 1856 lJT and l39 WateTst New-fork
HAT BINDING MACHNEs.-I N. SINGER a.
70 have ready for sale Binding Straw Hats and
ali other kinds The Machines do the work T better
and asto than any others Call and see them at NO ~
Broadway.