davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Wheeling daily intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, Va. [W. Va.]) 1852-1859, 1856-01-03
New Savings Bank Store.
s.v ,4sHlnosrD L.rrz.a AT ru1 oLD rosr ogylor.

AN now receiving and opening unusually largo and
i ssnS,a al assortment or boots Shoes, Hats Bonnets
Unbreasand carpet Sacks, at tho OF Market and
Monroe streets, Wheel.ng, Va. in tho room formerly
GuPiea the Post Office and opposite the Mcclure House,
vary hIge and NTH ely stock which purchased
for CASH from the manufacturers the North. urder
most favorable circumstances, and OaT eiti
asns OF Wheeling and yicntyat reduced prices, whole
sale aud retail, and respectfully solicit share patron
age. s-@Zz.-
deem useless to say much in praise OF my stock.
niatake not the people OF Wheeling not so easily
hubuEged by advertising pns; sufcet say la We any
variety Of nens youths and boys Roots Shoes,
sIlk oeskins wool, Lsghorn brush and straw hats,
bOnnets OF the most recent fashions aud styles. Also
Shoes. SppeT8 and Caters, both for ladies' misses and
children, or themost fashionable STYLE make and quality
call aud see for y0urselVes
Having Purehaseda large stock OF the above
tlees, would respectfully Invite country
sail and INF, send me their orders. will duplicate
any bills purchased in the eastern cities for cash.
sRa 4
The Caledonian. [volume] (St. Johnsbury, Vt.) 1837-1867, 1856-08-09
VERMONT TEACHERS ASSOCIa,
TUDE.

! The Sixth ANIMAL Meeting of this Associ.
ton will be held AT barre, commencing Tues,
day, august 1871. and continuing thronyh -.
following Thursday. All persons interested
in the object of the A>socia'ion-the Improve
ment Of Vernon: Schools-are invited 10 A.
tend and participate in the discussion of
the questions to come before the Association
On the arrival of the cas- at Montpel.r
carriages will be in readiness TO convey las.
senger to Barre, where provisions will be
made to accommodate all who may attend .he
meeting. Fare from Montpelier to Barre,
- cents
ORDER OF EXERCISES.
TUESDAY. lag a. Reorganization.
! appointment of Committees. Sc.
! AFIEENooN.-Lecture, by IL. W. Wool
worth. Thrttord
! pI>CU>>I"N What are the advantages
of Union and Graded Schools: Are ,h.y
pra 'rirahlr. generally. in Vermont,
EVENING bis .u~>io1. l. IT exre,lient
Al present. 10 max efforts to prorurc new
S.ho"l Law: Nav they not toe more profit
ably directed 10 oitiin the benefit OF those
provisions ~ the present law which have
been null ii,.d bv the legislature?
WEDNESDAY. \. M-R-roris respecting
the condition of Common Schnols in Yer
mont. Are they improving or not
DIsCr>~Io>.-The ECONOMY of our State
policy in relation 10 Common SrhoolS
! AfrEENooN-LectuIe 10y .. ID. Ailis
Chelsea
Di>cr>>I"N-Future Influence OF Yer
mont A. drI'rrt!inu on rs schools
EVENING -Di>ru>>ion - Government n
/ the Srhooi Room: lis M ms aud method
TnrE.pAY-A M-n>~n>>inn. Till
" of Teachers Institutes and Normal S.ll.ml.
J Does the common course at instruction IN ou-
Academies furnish the requisite anali'i -atiorS
for tearhny IN orr Common : hoods:
/ ArTEENooN.-Ch of Officers. and 9th
or BI>imSs
DiSCr,sIoN-TownS nperintenlrnrr AMI
Examination OF eachers-what do they a.,
compli>h
Written Communication. from Frmals
/ Teachers upon any of thu topics sury-sfe =
bove. are invited by the Exeru.ive Com
mitt-e They NAV be sent to Mr.. J. 5.
Spaudins, Barre
Jk COLBY
e.. +. HOOD. Exc Com.
J. STEELE.
e Editors of Vermont papers are respect
fully requested to publish the above circular
Is a notice of the nrernr
The Caledonian. [volume] (St. Johnsbury, Vt.) 1837-1867, 1856-08-09
TOWN COM MITTEES.

Harduick-L. w. DeIano, George Haynes
David Goodrich.
Krby-A. X. Quimby, c. H. Graves, Cal
vim Wood.
Peacham - Enoch Blanchard, Harmon
Hand, Constantine Farrow, VIM. Weeks
Dcninu,;m k;jIu,.
MeHeM-John Furguson. Joseph Y. Otis
Ward Il. Craven, A. NJ. Ward.
Wheelork-S Samuel D. Gray, David Viii
ley, F.. e. Heath, Franklin Davis, lsaa'
Horn, Samuel Davis, Joseph G. Miles.
st. Johnsbury- Geo. a. Merrill, John Ba
con I'd, Benjamin Nutter, Emerson Hall, Da
vid Goss, Jr.
Lyndon-II. NJ. Nichols, O. r. Wakefield
j. ID. Hopkins. a Brown. John McGatIey
VIM. ii. McGatfev, A. W. Windsor. VIM
Hoffman. E. W. Spaulding, Jehiel Power,
j. W. Evans.
Barnet-Peter Shearer, Claude Stuart
Walter Galbraith, Andrew Warden, vii
marth Carbee.
The Caledonian. [volume] (St. Johnsbury, Vt.) 1837-1867, 1856-08-09
ESSEX COUNTY CONVENTION

The people OF Essex County, without regard to
past political opinions. VIII" are opposed TO the re-
peal OF the Missouri Compromise: to the policy Of
the present administration: to the extension of Sla-
very into the Territories: and in favor Of the nd
mission of Kansas Free State. and of restoring
the action of the Federal Government to the princi-
Piles Of Washington and jefferson. are invited &c
meetin Convention at the town house, in Iuneii-
burg, on Wednesday. August 2o At 10 O'Clock. 4 NJ
fur the purpose of nominating County Officers ard
also delegates To the Constitutional Convention, if
deemed best. to be supp rted at the approaching G.
lections.
II is expected that the Hon. Homer F. Rovce ant
other speakers from abroad will be present and ad
dress the people III the afternoon. Let there be .
grand rally, and in to d" the business in the
forenoon so that may hear what is To be said fol
Freedom an, Fremont.
WIN. II. HARTSHORN, 70. Co. Com.
The Caledonian. [volume] (St. Johnsbury, Vt.) 1837-1867, 1856-08-09

Hon. THOs. BARTLETT, JE.. FOR FIRE.
MONT.-Among the prominent Democrats in
this County who have left the ranks of hun
kerism, we are Glad to announce the name
of Hon. Thomas Bartlett, Jr., OF Lyn'on.-
Mr.. Bartlett represented the Fourth District
under the Old apPoriionment. in Congress, in
1s5l-52 He was elected owe? Bliss y.
Davis, Esq, the regular Wing candidate. by
about 1000 majority, and while in Congress
supported the measures of the Democratic
party. But the Demo cratic party at that
time, in the North, was playing at coqnetry
with the free soilers, and took almost the very
ground now occupied by the Republican par
tv. But having 20, all that it needed hy
such bargaining. 1t kicked overheard its free
soil professions and joined hands with the
South and Slavery Mr.. Bartlett is one of
the many thousands in the Free States who
would never take that track. lie believed
in the resolutions passed bv the coa.it: Onist>
in $50 and 81 , as good ID mocratc dor
trine. and adhcreS to them vet That same
doctrine he finds in the Republican platform.
and hence takes the ONLY course a consistent
Democrat can take, and signifies his infeH-
ton to labor and vote for the candidate OF
the Democratic RppubIirans-JonN c. FIRE
MONT. Mr.. Bartlett will speak publicly at
several places in the County. before the Sep
tender election. and will do effective service
in the cause. Turn ont. one and all. and
hear his remarks upon the repeal of the Nil
souri, Compromise. and the rascaliiy and in
consistency of the Bogus Democracy gene
rali,
The Caledonian. [volume] (St. Johnsbury, Vt.) 1837-1867, 1856-08-09

WHITE SLAvES.-The Democratic party
likes very we'll to receive the franchises Of
our foreign population, but the despotic pow
er which rules that party. and which is de-
termined to rule or ruin the country, has the
following language for the "menials" who
serve in hotels -
"IF WHITE MEN ACCEPT THE OFFICES
OF MENIALS. IT SHOULD RE EXPECTED
THAT THEY WILL DO so WITH AN AP
PREHENSION OF THEIR RELATION TO SO.
Getty. AND THE DISPOSITION OUTFIT y
To ENCOUNTER Roth THE RESPONSIBLE
TIES AND LIABILITIES WHICH THE RE-
LATION -CHurleStOn g. t.
.Si0itdard
ut Is GETTING TIME THAT HOTrI
WATERS AT THE NORTH WERE CONvIN
CED THAT THEY ARE SERVANTS, AMI
NOT GENTLEMEN IN DISGUISE. WE
HOPE THAT THIS fIEEBEET AFFAIR Will
TEACH THEM PRUDENCE" - Columbia
Iimes
The "menials" will recoIlect this, or tie
gentlemen" who are not "in disguise" NAV
be under the necessity of shooting them in
self-dctense
The Missouri Democra. remarks upon this
az follows:
Thus WHITE SLAVES a. those who Ia
Dor in household duties are called, have nc
right TO resist any outrage, no matter how
gross. This is fully equal to the language
Of Mr.. Gooce, the A'chiSon Know Nothing
representative, who denounced laboring men
as WHITE SLAVES, and worthy of Mr.
Reynolds, who seems to have had his cue
from the Charleston print wien he spoke of
GERMAN AND IRISH AS WELL AS NE.
Such is the manner in which the Pierce
office.bolders and the Pro- Slavery repre-
sentatives treat the millions of working men
who have done so much to make this coun-
try great and glorious.
The Caledonian. [volume] (St. Johnsbury, Vt.) 1837-1867, 1856-08-09
One Day Later.

BY the Steamship Atlantic which arrived
at New York the 18th inst, we have news
from Liverpool TO July 90 1t relates mainly
to the outbreak of civil war in Spain. The
statements representing its progress and pros
poets are very conflicting. 1t appears that
O'Donnel had previously prepared to crush
any manifestation, and had assembled in and
around Madrid $4,000 troops. Against this
force the National Guard and citizens held
their ground for 80 hours, and, at length
gave in, and we're disarmed. 200 persons
were killed in the emeute. At latest dates
Madrid was tranquil. Espartero was sup
posed to be within the city, under arrest.
At Barcelona and elsewhere, there had
been similar outbreaks, but they we're speedi-
Iy suppressed.
The headquarters Of the instruction
we're at Saragossa, and where it is reported
more than legal quorum of the Corte. had
assembled, proclaimed Liberty and the Con-
stitutiOn.
Latest accounts state that the Cortes reno
we'd to Arragon, where, under Gen. Enfante,
they intended to make war upon Queen 1sa-
bella and her Ministry, in the name of Liber-
ty and the Constitution.
The London Tunes and other papers say
the insurrection vas encouraged by the o.
Donnel party.
EsPartero is very strong in Arragon, which
is The stronghold ot the Liberals.
The Caledonian. [volume] (St. Johnsbury, Vt.) 1837-1867, 1856-08-09

Senator Wadsworth, of Buffalo. in a
speech made there recently before Bucban.
an club. took occasion to say that
=" No Republican has ever heard from me
one word that justifi"s him in saving that
intend to cooperate with that party of pass
ION, prejudice and disunion. What is the
position OF this party? Twelve states were
excluded from the deliberations of the Phila-
delphIa convention fourteen states cannot
submit TO its dictaton. 1t is not and cannot
De national party. 1t is sectional and "a
natical" "
The above is cut from the North STAR
Inc best answer is this: Mr.. Wadsworth
presided at the Radical Democratic State
Convention at Syracuse last week. which de.
c'arsd unanimously for FREMONT AxpDAY-
Ton and the old Democratic do, trines Of
Jefferson Madison and Wright, agains. the
extension Of Slavery Wnchmon
The Caledonian. [volume] (St. Johnsbury, Vt.) 1837-1867, 1856-08-09
LET 1T BE REMEMBERED!

First, that erery Democrat in the Senate
roted against tie admission Of Kansas under
her Topeka Constitution.
Second. that erery Democrat Int one in the
was defeated.
Third. that errry D. mocrM bm one in tie
House VOTED AGAINST Il reconsideration Of
the vote by which the tll was lost.
Fourth. tina, when tie reconsideration of
the Bill WAS carried. 'rery Democrat IN the
House bM one AGAIN VOTED AGAINST its
passage. but this time the friends Of Freedom
succeeded.
Here the record shows that the Democraiic
purity in Cong.>s has inNrrh'y opposcd. on
like of justice and good policy-mdnh can
secure peace 10 kmsn>. and vet the Republic
can party is charged by doughfaces a. op.
pose,l to the pacification of that Territory.
FREE STATE ADVOCATE - The best
campaign paper that has fallen under our no.
sice is one with the above title. published in
New York, by James b. Swain & Co., 1873
Nassau Street. IL is published for barely the
cost OF the paper OF which it is printed. and
Will be sent until after election for 25 cents
. copy, or five copies for one dollar 1t is
one Of the best aids Of the Republican cause,
and would be Of immense value if generally
circulated.
TARRI>,i AND FEATHERING A MErHo.
DIST PEEACHEE.-l>aac X. Fav, who has
removed from Rochester. Mo. to Elgin, ILL.,,
because. As he states. the rutfan mob rules
in the former place. and there is no security
for lite or property. has published an account
Of the recent tarrins and feathering of
Methodist clergyman there. A slave had es-
caped, and it was reported that the Method
ist minister. Rev. Mr. SiIens, had assisted
him to get away. The mob met and ordered
him to quit the county Not obeying their
%" NC "oS ee'|V" anu 1hT IloiIdhu, class
hsder in bis church. attempting to remon-
ssrate with the mob, was promptly shot dead
The minister was then tarred and feathered
and ridden out Of the county. The same
DAY Mr. Haniesty. free.soier, was attack.
ed BY Simons. slavery ruffian, who struck
him over the head with a cane, after the
Brooks fashion. Hardesty shot the rufian
dead. and then surrendered himself to the
Svyborties
The Caledonian. [volume] (St. Johnsbury, Vt.) 1837-1867, 1856-08-09
THE CONVENTION.

We tad time and space last week for only
a meagre outline Of the transactions Of the
Caledonia County Convention held at Dam
vile on Thursday. |. was the largest Con-
ven'ion held in the County for several years;
and, occurring as it did in the busiest part Of
the having season, it shows the unusual in
terest felt in the great interests involved in
this Campaign. The Convention was pecu-
liar in another respect. It was composed
mainly Of active and influential business meC;
men Of clear heads and determined purposes.
This class Of individuals are now thoroughly
aroused throughout all the Northern States,
and in this County as elsewhere. The effect
will be seen a: the polls.
The Convention was presided over BY
Bliss \. Davis, Esq, Of Danvile, with great
good humor and tact. The deliberations Of
the meeting we're harmonious, and he ticket
nominated will commend itself to the people
Of the County as ore worthy Of their sup
mort. The Convention was addressed BY
DR.. Gro. Damon, Of Barnet. Elder Jonathan
Woodman. of Sheffield, and John l.. Swift,
Esq, of Boston. Mr.. Swift spoke at length
Of the political affairs Of the country, and
was frequently and warmly appiauded. His
remarks were interspersed with illustrative
anecdotes, which he tells with inimitabe ef-
feet. Mr.. Swift is one Of the best political
speakers we ever heard, and contributed
greatly to the interest of the Convention
We wish he could be heard by every voter
in the County, and if the Buchanan party
didn't grow "smal by degrees and beautifully
less" we should never question again the
doctrine of total and irremediable political
depravity.
The music contributed by the Band from
this place was welcome addition to the in
terest of the occasion; altogether it was the
best meeting of the kind we ever attended.
The following additional Resolutions were
passed by the Convention
Resolred, That the thanks of this Conven-
lion are rendered to Mr. John l.. Swift, Esq.
for the eloquent and able address delivered
this day in favor of Free Speech, Free Ter
ritory and Fremont.
Reso'red, That this Convention return
their thanks to the young gentlemen Of st.
who have enlivened our proceed
ings by their excellent music.
The County Committee for the year ensu-
ing consists of
A. f. JUDEvISE, IIardwjck,
GEORGE IDE, Lyndon,
f. e. REDINGToN, St. Johnsbury,
j. ID. ABBOTT, Barnet,
WM. CHASE, Wheelock.
The list of Town Committees has not been
furnished US in full +: we publish below all
and hope that the remaining towns
will be heard from before next week. Will
the friends Of the cause see to the matter?
The Caledonian. [volume] (St. Johnsbury, Vt.) 1837-1867, 1856-08-09

"NO PASSWORDS In the
call for County Convention of the pro-sla.
very or Buchanan party Of Orange County
the faithful are invited to appear, with the
assurance that no "cards'' or passwords
will be required at the door! The Buchar.
iers are becoming wiser. 1t was not 90 II
Cincinnati, when the platform" vas put in
nomination for the Presidency. There, SEN
tinels guarded the door, with instructions to
knock down all who sought entrance without
a "card." Delegates from Missouri, who
were without them, were repulsed, knocked
about, and finally kicked out !! mo pass
words required" BY the BUCCANEERS!
The Caledonian. [volume] (St. Johnsbury, Vt.) 1837-1867, 1856-08-09
j. X COLBY.D
e.. f. HOOD. Exc. Com.
GTrVNIg
Hon. Nm. 4. BRADLEY.

Somebody has ventured to doubt the posi-
ton OF this old Veteran among the Vernon,
Democrats. The consequence NAV be seen
IN the following letter.
Ht,>'min~',r 18th july. 1856.
DEAR SII:-lt is matter of profound
surprise To M that any person who knows
IN" should have anv doubt As II nv political
position. From NV first entrance into pub
lie life, (and that too at an early are.) NV
sentiments have ever been expressed in ia
vor OF the greatest liberty for the masses COM
l'at:be with strict constitution of the Con-
>iltution. Hence when. I'm 1913, the argui-
>ition OF new territory gave rise to the une.-
flon OF the extension of slavery into regions
already free. aided my humble efforts 10
those o' others who opposed such extension
lnsy ever since. and no 1aI re stood nnip4h
the remainder Of a life now fast drawi.s Ia
Ms rlo>e. Men weigh hut little with ma
when principle Is concerned. and names les:
hut As Won desire an expression from me in
regard To tins matter, | will draw what
consider Necessary conclusion from the pr.
misses already advanced. and saw that AM
SUPPORTER OF Mn FRFMoNr AND me
PHIiAptLrnIA PLATFORM: and also Ada
that | have never been AN advor Ate of the
''rrtrn>lon> to the Presidency of either Mr..
buchanan or Mr.. Fillmore. and that any su,
-''>fl"n 10 the contrary is utterly without any
>had"~ of authority from me
Yours truly. WM. {. BRADLEY
Dr.. CHA>. CrMMINs.
The Caledonian. [volume] (St. Johnsbury, Vt.) 1837-1867, 1856-08-09
In a private letter from New 70

I'm . private letter from New York.
the writer closes as follows:
"The feeling here at Cape Vincent, and
also at Ogdensburg. is very strong for Ere
mont. Ogdensbure is in St. Lawrence Co.,
and an old Jackson. Silas Wright stronghold;
but the County last Fall gave $500 majority
for the Republican ticket, and will this Fall
give 1000 majority or more for Fremont.
see many travellers, on the steamers, from
the West and they all represent the enthu'
siasm in Michigan, Illinois and Wisconsin al
very great for Fremont"
The Caledonian. [volume] (St. Johnsbury, Vt.) 1837-1867, 1856-08-09
WHAT OLD Hickory sam

Hermitage, February %, 1915.
Your observations with regard to Mr.
Buchanan are correct. He showed a want
OF moral courage in the affair of the intrigue
OF Adams and Clay. This.
to me. appeared gross corruption, and re-
PEELED it with that honest Indignation I
thought it deserved. "-Andrer Jackson,
The Caledonian. [volume] (St. Johnsbury, Vt.) 1837-1867, 1856-08-09
Auouv NOUS Com m U nicasions

viii receive no attention. Marriages. Deaths
items Of News. &C.. should ALWAYS he accompanied
bv some responsible name. Obituaries Of more
than Ave lines will be inserted CT the same price as
Advertisements
The Caledonian. [volume] (St. Johnsbury, Vt.) 1837-1867, 1856-08-09

The Democrats of the North affect n
MINK Slavery good thing-thev are ner.
maps honest they conform their act;ons -
their precepts ''o"' 70
The Caledonian. [volume] (St. Johnsbury, Vt.) 1837-1867, 1856-08-09
THAT " Democratic Representative /.

The San Fran>i>ro True Ca7it1,rr.;an. in
speaking OF the murder rec ntlv committed
IN Arlington br Herbert. the member of
congress. denounced HIM As a noted black
leg. and >av> that this Is not the first act O:
he KIND In which he was A bloody partici
rant. II then goes on To say that few wear,
AGO. this same Herbert resided IN T,xa. A
lew miles from the town of Richmond. on III,
bTazoS river. quarrel occurred between
tx" gentlemen named Colin Cooke and Jon
afhan ID. " alters. Waters resolved 10 mur-
der Coke. and for that purpose started over
10 his house, accompanied tv john Water,
and the honorable member of Consre>s -
They were all armed with d,uhe-h,rr.lel
>hof-cut> and reviewers. After reaching the
h"u>c. IT was agreed that Herbert and John
! Waters should rush In and seize Cor.ke. AMI
proven; HIM from using his arms. As he VI,
ho'td Tor beng brave man and most dos
perafe one They ACCORDINGLY knocked at
The door and wh.n II was opened they rush
ed IN seized their victim and held him So
cnrciv until Waters could take aim. Th,r
then released him and fired. Cooke was n.
hili"'i h' TIN first Il scharyr. hut eapei over
the hr'i and was about >eizinr his wrapon>.
when he WAS shot down ly ib.. ron,,.p,s NJ
The other barrel. In the ar,.rli,.> of death he
EXCLAIMED. give ne some water" VII n he
murderer drew hi revolver and deliberately
shot four balls into his dead body. These
are facts. and are vouched tor bv a gentle
man IN Sar tran>i>ro who heard II g t..,firno-
n! IN the ease Snrh WAS the prelnl, 10 The
late tragedy at Washington Nav God shake
the lofty mountains OF California into m. sea,
IT she can send such another representative
to Congress
--ldorv is likely to ensue TO Mr. sum
ner. from the sottening of the BRAIN. -II-asi-
ng'on Orqun.
"('ood - aiiimore R.pul'ican.
such Is the exclamation of Buchanan
pro-s'averv paper, 10 the announcement that
hnman being-a man of noble intellect 4
scholar, statesman. a Christians about
10 have his sun set in darkne<S-which God
grant may never happen. We have no com
ments to make: none are needed The man
who could make the exclamation il to he PIT
led. In return. we earnestly hope that the
late desired by him for Charles Sumner, NAV
never b.. his own. huston .lHas.
WONDERFUL DISCOVERY AT THE Nav.
MOTH GAVE Las TUESDAY. the 1lrh inst.
Stephen Bishop. the guide and three stu
dents. Robert TAYLOR, Clarence Bate. and
VIM. L. Stone. while rambling in the cavs
discovered an entirely unknown passage OF
some two miles in length. By tins import
ant discovery. the cave already the largest in
the world, Is found to extend eleven miles
instead OF nine miles as has b ,erto been
supposed. This passage was found by the
party to lead to chambers far SURPRISING all
those formerly known. both in extent and
masn'fcrnee. 1t is supposed that this dis
covery will lead to others of still create,
importance Louisville Journal, Wed.e.das.
The Caledonian. [volume] (St. Johnsbury, Vt.) 1837-1867, 1856-08-09
The Washington correspondent of the

itlns of August l. saws
Herbert. of California. took his seat IN
the House, this morning for the first time
since his arqnlttal. lie has been lurking A.
bout The Capitol for two or three DAYS. and
ha> acted ON committee of which he is a
member. but did not appear in the House un-
I'll TODAY. II would bc a natural suggestion,
that he ab>entcd himself from a feeling of
shame, but one would juh~e, from looking al
HIM. that he WIS incapable of any ,nch emo
ton. Mr. Herbert is not TO blame for his
face, but cannot refrain from remarkinu
that an Old Bailey justice would feel safe in
ordering him to toe hanged at SIGHT.
Brooks. q: South Carolina, also appeared
this morning. and was sworn in under his
new election. Brooks is a much better look
ing man. and is even SAID to have been kiss
ed by the ladies' all round in the lobby, after
his resignation. He is very choice of his
pretty fare. never ventures INTO an u" c,iemy's
country. and has profound repucnanrc to
r''iahnouS sa''pefre." lie NAV he drowned
or hanged. but will never be shot