The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1856-08-20

sures, if carried out, would involve ruin to
their own section Of the country.
have the blacks ever been raised by to the civiz
ed condition OF the blacks of the United States In
no part Of Africa 10 the increase of population equal
to that of the Southern States Of North America
Mr.. McCulloch, in his Geographical Dictionary,
speaking Of Hayt says that, cone of the first effects
Of the revolution which abolished the slavery OF the
blacks, was the enormous decrease in the amount OF
agricultural produce From l794, the year in which
tie slaves were declared free BY the National Con-
vention OF France, to l796, the value OF exported
pre- duce had sunk to 8606 2O ivres, only about five
per cent Of what had been; and years after
wards the country had become almost desert, not
50 much from the waste Of civil war, but ais, fror
the incidence Of the black population
Mr. AcCnlloch, speaking OF the effs lta OF smau-
cpstion In jamaica says that fney devote sne priu
other necessaries on their own patch 4 ground or
raise arrowroot, ginger, &c, On Regulation. and
work On sugar and other cs{s. Ses onv when IL suits
their inciination OF conve'aieace. fhus, ia some
districts as Moy WA only York the four first days of
necessary to offer high brides to ct them to leave
their homes to assist on other days than Fridays q
satuEdsys ., The great fallisg on in the imports
been anticipated. We 1eed rot here renest the
statement by w'nich we have already endeavored to
snow tnst " nugatory to expect that the Niacks,
now that ne,J are enancpated, should voluntarily
under.ske We labor they were formerly compelled
Engluma has, to great extent, made hcrself indie
pendeCs IN the growth of tea, sugar and coffee, but
cotton, but dependent upon other countries for cof
fee, tea, and in agreut degree for sugar. To secure
the domestic supply of these articles in SUFFICIENT
quantities can only be done by the acquisition Of
tropical territory and the increase and extension Of
labor.
There are some curious facts regarding the pre-.
servation OF coffee 1t Is said that the berries readily
tmbibe sxhalations from other substances, and oc-
cogK Aavp GnD
placed near the berries it is said, in short time i'm
pregnates them and Injuries their favor.
few bags Of pepper on board ship bouad from
India to England spoiled whole cargo OF coffee.
The process of roasting berries requires care and
skill. II burnt, the coffee is spelled, imperting
bad taste, and making it heavy and indigestibie when
drank; Again, II UNDERGONE, the water fails to ex
infusion is 50 weak as to prove vnpaiatable. In all
Cairo, in Egypt, there was said to be but one good
coffee pascher.. The berries should be roasted until
they become OF uniform brown chestnut color.
No family should ever purchase ready ground cef
fee, which is liable to adulteration with chicory
BEANS corn, rye, &c. The berries should be bought
green and parched, and ground at home as wanted
The article which has been most largely used for
the adulteraton Of coffee Is the chicory root which
is native of England, Germany, and most parts Of
Europe. and naturalized in the United States Ii
has tap root like carrots, and Is cultivated some
thing in the same manner, chiefly in Holland, Bel
gium, and other parts of Germany where labor Is
cheap. Females and children are largely employed
in its production. The roots on being dug up are
sliced and kiln dried, and afterwards roasted and
ground when it bears strong rese nbiancc to
colse: and mixed with enough of the lat.
ter to flavor it, the deception becomes quite
successful. The only resemblance it bears to coffee
is in its color. and the only Recommendation it
has is its cheopDess. IL Is slightly tonic,
but contains nourishmeDt, and only satisfies the
appetite BY distortion when drank. From Germany
the article is extensively exported to other coun
tries, and particularly to England agd the United
States. Its consumption, through adulteration with
coffee in the United States especially since the adj
vance in the price of coffee, has greatly increased
We know single German house in New York which
has imported, in single yeas, 500 900 lbs, and the
present annual importation into New York is not
lees than from 3,6O00 600 to 100000 lbs. Strange
to say, Notwithstanding these facts, not even the
name Of chicory appears among the imports OF the
United States. In the official reports OF the imports
Of the United States, arranged under the head Of
commerce and navigation, its lame Is nowhere TO be
met with. How is this Is it imported in anoth n
name, or is it Struggled
How far il can answer as a healthy substitute for
coffee may he gathered from learning the chemical
compost ion OF the two. Wood 4 Bacbe call l.
chcory or succory, or the wild endive or chcorum
Jplytens Of Linnus. II sends up stalk to three
feet high, which under cultivation rises five six
feet, and sends down O carrotlike tap roo. which
Yields milky Juice. Before being adopted for the
Gdnlteration OF coffee il was used as a medicinal
mild tonic, and was thought TO lie good as q mild
purge, aud in jaurdce affections. But, whatever
weak medical properties IL may possess are probl.
bly, destroyed by roasting and grinding.
Coffee. on the contrary, Is found on chemicif.
analysis 70 contain highly nutritious element
known as Caheln- This component part Of all good
coffee is found TO contain larger proportion OF
nitrogen than any other vegetable principle, and IN
this respect eaualliIg some II the most highly AMI
msliztd produces. Cafiein does not purify,
however, like animal matter. Thus, che mis- =
have discovered by analysis tina. coffee contins a.
element Of nourisbment similar TO animal mater
or 10 meat, which renders IT nutritious as o druk
and OF which ehicory is wholly destitute; aud hence
rel aN71 sNsH Efa-Nn glu sN9k
tute for coffee. fea also, contains animal prin-
cipa known as theta, which also renders IL nourish-
ing as Leverage when coed aud purc-(Se Wood
\. Bush, American DispeEsatary. Runge. Ber-c-
While good Rio coae sells at l0lc llsc., and
Java n lilc., cbicoly roasted and ground sells AZ
-four and five cents aud Ia its green and died state
sells at one and two cents per pound. Hence the in
duCemtnt for the preparation OF the fraud on
fuch an imnetse scale. IL has reached such
pitch that we doubt whether there is a coffee
roasier or grinder in New York, Boston or
rhiladtlph that does not sell moro or les,
groal coffee mixed with chcory. Good coffee,
wen roased, makes a refreshing and wholesome
beverage Tor inhrm and weak people aud chdten
How cruel, then, Is the rrastlce o. selling them
parchel root, possessing no one property In com.
mon with coffee aud not only destitute o. all noursh
meit but positiyely injurious IL long used! Its
Wholesale use has, probably in large cities, contri
buei TO the mortality Of the people, aud especially
or thidTen and aged people, besides agggav ing
tie 81 mptoms ~ dyspepsia and nervous complaint.
Congress should levy loo per cent duty on Il,
70 make " Improbable to import Il In competition
With eoilee, and protect The people from sach .
wholesale snd poisonous fraud.
We one day iaet man driving vehicle through
the streets OF New York, Offering the " essence of
ccgee' for sale, done up IN small papers, and Or
which he asked a round price. We asked him 10 le'
us examine package, TO which he conse ated, AID
which, on examination, We found to be pure chic0ry
Yet h was retailing this stuff ~ poor ignorant
people az the essence " Coffee
Since writing the above we have been enabled to
give the exports Of coffee from Brazil more in detail
and TO bring them down TO the lat Of July 1856 and
to form some estimates regarding the probable
amount Of deficiency in the supply for the frs. and
second six months OF 1856, which will be seen from
the following statement -
Ctmrayo,ir, IyYsu ~ cgss yyom RIO far ne Frs, AMI
Second Sy HDrsths n ISch Ysar. from 1851 b 1856.
I'm JJaigi Jeiy n De-. ~.
1851, bags ...............4.. .Ovl O05 ,T3s
1862, - ...............t.. s2ss8 I9T.Ts1
1853, " ......t4.......... Nall. Tp5. sac
~