davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Vermont watchman and State journal. [volume] (Montpelier, Vt.) 1836-1883, 1856-08-22

Sad fdiality.-We learn with regret OF
the sudden death of Mr.. j. P. Butlolph, a
worthy citizen Of Essex, which occurred
yesterday afternoon. lie was crossing a
bridge over Browns river, small stream,
with load Of hay, walking by the side of
The load, when the bridge gave way, and ali
fell together, the load falling upon Mr.. But
tolph, aud crushing him under il into the bed
OF the stream. lie was eAiricated in fifteen
or twenty minutes, but life was extinct
burlington Free Press, l6h.
Vermont watchman and State journal. [volume] (Montpelier, Vt.) 1836-1883, 1856-08-22

o. Congress We learn that the claim
Of Vermont, Tor expenses incurred in main.
Iainlng neutrality in the last Canada rebellion,
was allowed by both houses, and that special
credit is due to Messrs. morrill, and Sabn for
their attention 10 this claim.
Vermont watchman and State journal. [volume] (Montpelier, Vt.) 1836-1883, 1856-08-22

c. lIENRY WARD BEEcHER drew
crowd on "Wednesday evening, in spite Of the
great storm. We need not say that the au-
dlencc was abundantly graufed.
Vermont watchman and State journal. [volume] (Montpelier, Vt.) 1836-1883, 1856-08-22
Fremont's slanderers.

The old ndage is verified "a lie will
travel seven leagues while Truth is pulling
on bis boots"
The Patriot Of July charged Fremont
with pressing his land speea'aiions, ard vot
ing uniformly icih The South. Both charges
are false. We have stated his votes belorci
now we will attend to the alleged land spec
ulations.
Fremont introduced no bills for bis bene-
fit On the other hand, the record proves
that Benton introduced the land claim BILL
and that Fremonts claim tods excluded from
The blu In point Of fact, his claim was
settled by the Supreme Court Of the u s.
not by Congress. The following statement
shows that Fremont was no Speculation, OK
copt as every farmer Is that he bought for
settlements add that in the exercise Of an
extraordinary spirit of generosity, he permit.
ed every body to dig gold on his o,on land,
ritloui lei or hindrance Such is the man
who is blackballod by the Vermont Patriot
as "a SPECTATOR"
.Hariposa. a letter which he wrote in
ls49, Colunel Fremont gave the following ac-
count of his connection with the Mnriposa
estnte:--
"The Manposn claim is tract of land
ten leagues IN extent, lying upon creek Of
the same name in the San joaquin valley
1t was purchased for me by Mr.. Larkin IN
the beginning Of 1917, and during my alb
scnco with the battalion in the South, from
y. Juan y. Alvarado, to whom It had been
granted IN consideration Of his public
services. Mr.. Larkin paid for 1t $4,000. ]
had never seen the place, ana knew nothing
of lts character or value The purchase was
made before California was coded to the
United States, and long before any gold
had been discovered. bad always intcn-
ded To make my home 10 the county if pos
sible, and for this purpose desired a toUtlOId
~ IT, On my return to the county 90 the
present wear visited the place 10 Company
with Dr. Corle, Mr. Reid, and several other
gentlemen, and for the first time saw The iaud.
rwo-thrds are adapted only TO farming on
the other third gold was discovered and we
went to work to dig It out So soon ct was
known that we were there, hundrds-soon
becoming thousands-crowded to the same
place, and to this day from two toihree thou
sand persons have teen regularly employed.
They have worked them freely no one has
er,r offered them the slightest iHpeimeHt nor
hare myseT erer expressed 10 any tue' or en-
i,riained an intention, o. interfering cHh
hs free corking Of the MINES at htt place. 49,
| regard the claim to the MaHpsa 30 the
suue light as any other vested right twas
a purchase fairly made, and have ulways
supposed that at some future time be- yalidl-
" Of the claim would be settled b' the pro-
per courts. avn satisfied TO await that de.
cislun, whether IL be tivorible or liherwise,
aud IN the meantime to cave tho gold, as 1t
is now, free to all who have the Industry to
collectit."
Vermont watchman and State journal. [volume] (Montpelier, Vt.) 1836-1883, 1856-08-22

we Interpretations MI Buchanan'
/ letter responsive to the union OF the Syla
cusc Democratic Convention, The Abolition
papers have interpulutcd the word southern
where he saws The rh0ie country wil han
tins reunion as a rainbow 10 the cloud. ~
between the words " whole aud country
they insert the word Somhern, To give tie
lctIer sectional Interpretation 1t there
can be anything meancr than such an act II
has vet to be- illustrated ~ the miserable
taclics which govern the opposition M THIS
campaign. such things arc beneath the
cuuntenance OF honorable mem erD'Ont
PahtoL
It is high time 10 use plain language. -
We pronounce tins statement OF the Patriot
to be A l.lt.--nuthlng less, and we are pre-
pared to PROVE our assertion by the Official
record OF The Syracuse Convention publish
ed IN the State organ Of the Democratic par
ty ~ New York, - TO wit, the Albany Argus.
An men who wish to see the Patriot convict
ed of a downright lie, can be satisfied by
calling at our office. d" II there can be any
hing mcaner than such lie, It has yet To be /.
Illustrated IN the miserable tactics winch gov
I'm the buchanan organs IN this campaign"
+. $. " find, since the above was written, /
hat the VERMONT PATRIOT Of Aug. |
published Buchanun's letter from the
Washington Union, aud gave the very words
,hlch it Genounces above as "a vie inter-
olation /" hus the Patriot is seli-conyct-
d of u vile lie. Such things are beneath
he countcnance Of honorable men"
Vermont watchman and State journal. [volume] (Montpelier, Vt.) 1836-1883, 1856-08-22

The Republican County Conuention.- The
Patriot suys' "but it the opposition prints
claim over 500 10 have been here from A.
broad, they VIII assert what every body
knows to be untrue We submit that eve
y body present knows that The above state
munt 10 untrue. Indeed, we have heard no
estimate less than 1000, aud some as high as
1000 Mr. Culver, who has had much exps.
renee N such meetings, considered 1900 a
falrsiatement
Vermont watchman and State journal. [volume] (Montpelier, Vt.) 1836-1883, 1856-08-22

81 HAVE MADE UP NY MIND, FOR ONE,
THAT UNDER NO CIRCUMSTANCES WILL
CONSENT TO THE EXTENSION or THE AREA
OF SLAVERY IN THE UNITED STATES, OR
TO THE FURTHER INCREASE OF SLAVE REP
RESERVATION IN THE HOUSE OF REPRE-
sENTATIvEs. - DaHsl Hebster
Vermont watchman and State journal. [volume] (Montpelier, Vt.) 1836-1883, 1856-08-22

4noih'r Lie. Bogus is desperate. We
observe in sundry papers that Fremont is
charged with striking Foote mississippi
Foote,l while a Senator. This is another
black he. 1t was Foote who assailed Ere
mont Foote who struck Fremont, and Foote
who apoigized to Fremont
Vermont watchman and State journal. [volume] (Montpelier, Vt.) 1836-1883, 1856-08-22

nJ-" WHENEVER THERs Is A sURsTAN-
TIVE GOOD TO BE BONE, WHENEVER THERE
Is FOOT OF LAND TO re PREVENTED
FROM BECOMING SLAVE TERRITORY, / AN
READY TO ASSERT THE PRINCIPLE or mn
EXCLUSION OF sLAVERY - Danlel Wsbsier.
Vermont watchman and State journal. [volume] (Montpelier, Vt.) 1836-1883, 1856-08-22

Voting on The Cars. B. F. Stevens gives
us the following vote, taken on the cars at
Windsor on the 18th;
Vermont watchman and State journal. [volume] (Montpelier, Vt.) 1836-1883, 1856-08-22

"THE REPEAL OF TIE MISSOURI CoMPRo-
MISE, AND, AS A CONSEQUENCE, THE EX-
TENSION OF SLAVERY, ARE NO ISSUES
RAISED BY Us; THEY ARE ISSUES FORCED
UPON us, AND WE ACT BUT IN sELF.DE
FENCE WHEN WE REPEL THEM."- Hiil,Hm L
DaufoR.
Vermont watchman and State journal. [volume] (Montpelier, Vt.) 1836-1883, 1856-08-22

"FREE LABOR-THE NATURAL CAPITAL,
WHICH CONSTITUTES THE REAL WEALTH
OF THIs GREAT COUNTRY AND CREATES
THAT INTELLIGENT POWER IN THE MASS
Els, ALONE TO BE RELIED ON AS THE bull
wARK OF FREE INsTITUTlONs."-EFemoH
Vermont watchman and State journal. [volume] (Montpelier, Vt.) 1836-1883, 1856-08-22

Washington, .4ig. b. Correspondence
New York Heraid) The Southern Senaiors
and members are very indignant with the
President for calling an extra session. A
number of them met this morning, and ad
dressed a letter TO the President. urging him
not to call an extra session. The letter was
numerously signed. The whole subject was
considered in the Cabinet. Cushing, Nc
Clolland and Campbell were opposed to the
proclamation. The other members favored
1t, and IL was sent to the printer immediate
ly.
Quite a number Of members and Senators
len this evening. Notwithstanding the pro-
clnmation, Under the now compensation
bill, they will not receive anything for The
time they are detained.
Vermont watchman and State journal. [volume] (Montpelier, Vt.) 1836-1883, 1856-08-22

81 NEVER CAN, AND NEVER WILL VOTE.
AND NO EARTHLY POWER EVER WILL MAKE
ME- VOTE, TO SPREAD SLAVERY OVER TER
RITORY WHERE IT DOES NOT EXIsr."-Hsn-
~ Cloy, 1850.
Vermont watchman and State journal. [volume] (Montpelier, Vt.) 1836-1883, 1856-08-22

bv-"I HEARTILY CONCUR IN ALL MOVE
MENTs wHfCH HAVE FOR THEIR OBJECT
'To REPAIR the MIsCHiEFs ARISING FROM
THE VIOLATION or GOOD FAITH IN THf
REPEAL or TUE MISSOURI CoMPROMIsE'-
AN OPPOSED TO SLAVERY IL THE Al
sTRACT, AND UPON PRINCIPLES SUSTAINED
AND MADE HABfrUAL ny LONG SETTLED
CONVICTIONS. WHILE FEEL iNFLENiBLE
IN THE BELIEF THAT 1T OUGHT NOT TO
BE INTERFERED WITH WHERE IT EXISTS
UNDER THE SHIELD OF STATE SOVEREIGN
TY, / AN As INFLEXiHLY OPPOSED TO IT'S
EXTENSION ON THIS CONTINENT BEYOND
ITS PRESENT LIMITS "--JoAa c. Frsmeaf
Vermont watchman and State journal. [volume] (Montpelier, Vt.) 1836-1883, 1856-08-22
Missouri.

The Intelligence foots up its returns from
u counties, of which 56 are official;
Polk, 80 1913
Ewing, 31,S56
Benton, $4,000
Folks plurality. 2.267
The st. Louis Democrat, Of the 10Th,
makes the House. nearly complete, stand
Benton, %
American, ~
Ami Benton, 20
In regard To members Of Congress, there
Is no substantial change Anderson, H. n
has 200 majority in the % ; Greene, Border
Ruitian, 1000 IN the 3D.; Craig, Dem. is
chosen IN the place of Oliver m the Alb
Woodson and Akers, X. Ms, are elected 10
the 9Th Phelps 4 probably reelected IN
the 9th, and Caruthers 30 the 9Th.
Vermont watchman and State journal. [volume] (Montpelier, Vt.) 1836-1883, 1856-08-22
Washington County.

Washington County.
For Senators.
JOHN GREGORY, Of Mortified,
FRANKLIN A. WRIGHT, of Warren.
For Judges,
E.S. NEwCOMB, Of Waterbury,
NATHANIEL EATON, of Calais.
For Judge Of Probate,
HARVEY TILDEN, Of Barre.
For Sidie's attorney,
CHARLES II. JOYCE, OF Nor,hheld.
For Sheriff,
J.H. HASTINGS, Of Wnitsfold
For BdiiG
JACOB BENNETT, of East Montpelier.
Vermont watchman and State journal. [volume] (Montpelier, Vt.) 1836-1883, 1856-08-22

For President,
j. c.. + II + Nj O n L
or CALIFORNIA.
FOR vice President,
WIN. l.. DAYTON,
or NEW JERSEY.
For Electors.
william q. Bradley,
Lawrence Brainerd.
george w. strong,
John Porter,
POrtus Baxter.
STATE Ticket.
For Gov, RYLAND FLETCHER,
For Lieut.. Gov, j. M. SLADB,
For Treasurer, II. NJ. BATES.
Members Of Congress.
Ist District, JAMES mEAcHAM.
end JUSTIN =. MORRILL,.
ID HOMER u, ROYCE.
Vermont watchman and State journal. [volume] (Montpelier, Vt.) 1836-1883, 1856-08-22

Extremes .hest and Pllsbury,
the Boston Idbernlor and The New York
standard, vie with the Slavocra,s aud dough.
faces IN opposing the Republican party
phlsbory is plain spoken, preierrlng Buehan-
an to Fremon, on tins ground;
If Mr.. Buchanan should be elected, the
aggressions Of Slavery would 90 on then
fhe agitation toould go on; and It seems to
me that what we have TO do Is to seize the
present con iiton OF ihe country, stir up the
people, aud turn the popular excitement to
our account, not to that Of Repubicanism. "
PIllsbury is a disunionsi the southern
BUCCANEERS are disunlonists and they both
60 against the Republicans because they do
mol wish to have the question settled The
one goes for agitation and the other goes
ior the extension Of Slavery, which is food for
agitation Why dont the Patriot hurrah for
Pillsbnry9 lie is the last convert to Buch.
anan
Vermont watchman and State journal. [volume] (Montpelier, Vt.) 1836-1883, 1856-08-22

Orange County.
For S,nGiors,
]. MORSE FLINT, Randolph.
HENRY C. DWIGHT, vcrshire.
For Assistant Judges,
CHARLES BARRETT, STAFFORD,
SPRAGUE ARNOLD, Jr. Brook6eld
For Sheriff
JEREMIAH DODGE, Thetforl.
For States Attorney,
&C. DEWEY, Newbury.
For Judges Of Probate,
Bradford Dist, J. s. MOORE, Stanford;
Randolph II. A. VIII TIE, Washington
Vermont watchman and State journal. [volume] (Montpelier, Vt.) 1836-1883, 1856-08-22

We repeat Slade originated the scheme to
reduce the popular branch Of the Legislature
To ninety members, to elect these by coun-
tics, thereby DISTINGUISHING oil the small
towns " hen be denies this charge, we
will present clear ard unquestonable proof
By the way let the towns aud the people
remember that The Sham Democrats propose
to take no notice Of the election wde, the Or
d,nance Of the Council -!
Vermont watchman and State journal. [volume] (Montpelier, Vt.) 1836-1883, 1856-08-22

The .Uednest SiaHder yei-Th' Vermont
Patriot has copied miserable sorry, cast
ing doubt upon the marriage Of FfemonVs
parents Whatif il were true Was he re-
sponslble for that? Bat It is utterly false to
the character Of Fremont mother as pure
woman and an ardent christian. ust think
OF it; to njure Fremont, the Vermont Pat
riot does not hesitate to blast Interpolation
OF HIS MOTHER and she staids IN his
tory with an unsuIlied reputation, worthy of
a descendant from the family ofWAsHiNG-
roN las she was The patrio may pass
as one Of the very meanest among the Sian.
derers of Fremont.
Vermont watchman and State journal. [volume] (Montpelier, Vt.) 1836-1883, 1856-08-22
THE PATRIOT TRACKED.
The Constitutional Question !

Special Pleading Three weeks ago we
alluded to the charge Of the Bogus presses
that Fletcher, Slado and Bates are for the
odious constitutional amendments, and re-
marked that these charges have been made
utterly without tie authority Of either Of the
gentlemen on the Republican ticket" The
Patriot carps at this language and is peased
to limit IFS sense to simple assertion that
they had not authorized Il to say 20 We in
tended to say--and We do now say, on full
authority, that these gentlemen hare neUer er-
pressed nor entertained any opinion to iear-
rant any body in making such a charge, and
that the charge is false.
We further say, specifically, and on au-
thoriiy--
That Lieut. Governor FLETcHFR has
neither entertained nor expressed any opin-
ion in favor Of the amendments
That JAMls NJ. SLApE doubts the expedi-
cncy of any change In the basis Of repres-
entaton in the House, and voted to increase
the Constitutional Convention to "a deleg
ates, being equal to the whole number of
towns:
And that HEURY NJ. BATES is opposed to
all the material amendments aud to the Or
dinonce, and as the only safe way Of treating
the subject, is for rejecting ALL the propos-
ed amendments.
We will be even more specific still as to
Mr. slade, aud reply at once and fatty to
the following charge OF the Patriot Our
ply is, aud we give it by authority, that the
charge is not true. Let the Patriot bring on
us clear and objectionable proof" If It
Vermont watchman and State journal. [volume] (Montpelier, Vt.) 1836-1883, 1856-08-22

g. See advertisement in another column
of EllioIt's Map of the United States.
Vermont watchman and State journal. [volume] (Montpelier, Vt.) 1836-1883, 1856-08-22

SENATE.-The Senate passed to-day the
House bill paying Vermont expenses incur
red to preserve the neutrality laws in le5e-
'39, and then resumed the consideration OF
the Civil appropriation bills.
The Senate made an amendment approprl-
aiing S750,000 for the Capitol extension
and S500,000 for the continuation OF the
Washington aqueduct.
EVENING SEssloN.---Mr. Bayard's amend
mont, appropriating half million dollars iof
continuation OF the dome of the Capitol, was
discussed and adopted
Mr.. James amendment, providing for Two
princ pals and two assistant examiners III
the patent office, was adopted,
Me-. James bill was then laid aside, to tsAo
up the substitute 81 the House for the Sen
Semi-weekly standard. [volume] (Raleigh, N.C.) 1853-18??, 1856-01-19
Raleigh, Aug. 12, ,s55.
THE SPECTATOR"

WEEKLY JOURNAL PUBLISHED AT WASHINGTON CITY.
VlHE UNDERSIGNED PROPOSE TO COMMENCE
about the first of June next in the City of W ashing-
ton the publication of weekly newspaper be called the
SPECTATOR designed for general circulation among the pe
pie of the United States. Its columns will contain full
digest of the of the day. foreign and domestic;
weekly of finance and the markets. synopsis of
the proceedings of Congress during its session tables Of
election returns the important political action of State
legislatures and of party conventions interesting mis-
celaneous and scientific matter articles Agriculture;
together with original articles upon the leading topics of
the day. Much valuable information relative to The opera
together with weekly list of patents will be found
in its columns large portion of its space will be devoted
to light literature original and selected. Its location
the political centre of the Union will afford opportunities
always to the latest information public affairs
1t is tho intention of the undersigned make the SPEC
acceptable visiter to house in the UnOn
and II will therefore not occasion the posi-
ton of par:zan paper will any allegiance
but entertaining fixed and decided views questions
of political economy, and upon of government
it will disseminate and prougate them may
requrealwavs keeping carefully i'll view the interests of
the country growing Of foreign well domestic
affairs.
The SPECTATOR will be printed in quarto FROM on good
paper and type; each number containing eight pages
of matter, making volume annually of 4l6 pages
Each vOuIue will be accompanied by full and complete
index TO its contents thus making most valuable paper
for and reference II will be published every
Saturday morning 81 per anluu payable always in
advance n" paper will be continued beyond the time for
which it is paid.
All subscription and communications business should
be addressed TO the undersigned Washington, ID. c.
AUG. +. HARVEY 4 Co.
Washington City, May %. 1855. 81
Semi-weekly standard. [volume] (Raleigh, N.C.) 1853-18??, 1856-01-19
THE GREAT SOUTHERN WEEKLY
THE SPECTATOR:
WASHINGTON CITY, D. c


4 FAMILY JOURNAL IrfsnArUR1 NEWS FOR SOUTH
I. = ~ ERN READER8. p 7f ' .'
VuyHE SOUTH HAS TOO LONG BEEN DEPENDENT
upon the northern cities for its periodical literature
The weekly newspapers Of Boston, New York. and Pha-
depha have swept like flood that part of the nation
with them of the preudices of sboltionism and In-
culcating greater less extent doct injurious to
southern institutions This dependence of the mass OF
southern readers should be thrown ofand is believed
would have been long ago. if there had been fsctes in
the South for the publication of first class literary papers,
THE SPECTATOR,
Is published by gentleman who has long been connected
with of the southern daies and has been undertaken
to supply this wan-that of heightened weekly paper
OF Southern interest and character.
The general plan of the paper is as follows: has eight
pages Of which filled with the best articles
Literature Science and the Arts to the editors COM
ments upon passing themes to general news foreign
and domestic the interests OF the
formation this page will be mainly derived from the Ag
rcultura Bureau the u s. Patent Office to syn
ment and one during the winter to report of tie
ceedngs of Congress altogether making plan which Will
be rgy adhered to- and which unequaed by any paper
in the country, North or South
The SPECTATOR is printed new type and on line paper
Its QuaO form makes convenient for binding and each
annual volume being accompanied by full index 1t will be
valuable paper for preservation and reference.
Subscription, Two dollars No is sent with
out the money Specimen copies be had applica-
ton to
AUG. F. HARVEY,
Editor and Publisher,
Washington, ID. G.
Raleigh, Aug 12, -s55. 10so-l2tw.
Semi-weekly standard. [volume] (Raleigh, N.C.) 1853-18??, 1856-01-19
NIXON,S HOU Sc.
FORMERLY MRS. BORDEN'sj
IEuak S.i.Io L.. WILL.

Vest SHE RattrUod.
Gold bOrOugh, NC.
been purchased and reoened by the Subscriber
reception of guests on the 4th inst.
1t Is pleasantly and conveniently situated in the centre
of business and is directly opposite and WEST of the
Ticket Offices, of the Wilmington and Weldon and the
Ccncra Railroad Companies where the stop their
WAITING 10 take baggage and give such other
tons as the traveller may require.
THE HOUSE has been remOdelled, repaired and thor
oughly renovated from cellar garrett and furnished
throughout with New Furniture selected with special care
and arranged with eye single comforts Of the cas-
ua CUES; permanent boalder.
THE TABLE
Will be richly furnished with the substanals the dainties
and delcacies of the Foreign well domestic
markets will be rendered tributary the supply
which will be served up the best style by orderly 0blig
ing and we'll trained servants.
THE BAR
Will be Storehou>c of the best Wines and Liquors. and
superintendent by gentleman of courtesy and nteg
Thoroughly acquainted with his business the
ledge of what due the rights and comforts the
public Us we'll is TO himself and his employer.
THE STABLES
which among the best the State have been placed in
the keeping of skllfu and careful manager who will al
have under his the best and most experienced
osters and will be among the chief the prpre-
tor to that horses of his guests be well fed thor
oughly groomcd
This establishment has been purchased and fitted
up expense and will be the pleasure u.s.
OF course II will be the interest of the subscriber
der the House IN every respect equal the country
He therefore trusts that generous public will
continue the liberal patronage heretofore extended
Borden who gained for celebrity throughout the entire
Union.
H. r. NIXON.
Augusta IA, 1855. 77-ly
Semi-weekly standard. [volume] (Raleigh, N.C.) 1853-18??, 1856-01-19
CLARENDON IRON WORKS.

WILMINGTON, \. T..
A, HI. VANBOKKELEN, Proprietor.
Tu0HE SUBSCRIBER HAVING PCRCh..S ED THE
il entire interest in the "Ci.ARENDON IRON WORKS.
soics orders for
Steam Engines, of any power style,
Saw Mills of every variety,
Mining Machinery and Pumps
Grist and Flour Mills, complete,
Parker Turbine ard other Water Wheels
Ricc-ield Pumps and Engines,
Leavitt's Corn and Cob Crusher,
Rice Thr,shers,
Single Machines
Shafting Hangers and Pullies,
Cotton Gins and Gearing,
Iron Castings of all kinds and patterns,
Brass /"
Locomotive and Tubular Boilers
Fue and plain Cylinder Boilers,
Blacksmith work of all kinds.
Iron Doors for Houses and Jails
THE ESTABLISHMENT.
Having been recognized for the express purpose of in
surfing puncay in the execution Of all orders the public
may satisfied that any work which may offer will be
promptly delivered according PROMISE and Of such work
manship cannot fail TO give Satisfaction.
THE MECHANICAL DEPARTMENT
hesitation saving that the work hereafter turned out
shall compare avoraby respect with that of the
celebrated in the States and prices which will make
the interest of all in send their orders.
REPAIR WORK
ALWAYS done without deay-and having a large force for
that purpose it will prove advantageous any person
needing such to give the preference to
expense of sending same from distance.
Orders will be addressed to " Clarendon Iron Works,
Wilmington n. c.
Oct Is 95-tf