The daily union., 1856-11-06
rlom 8. Lopaoa NsulIe.l sI.l,.ip.
ms EFFECT ON COMMERCE.

A open and less dangerous routes Tor the nAs
gor 10 reduce the expense OF trade and TO extend com
msrcs by facilitating III 10 increase the welfare and riches
of am; % bring nations together aud thus to contribute
M greatness OF one the civilization Of another Such is
pe on the undertakings reserved for the second half OF this
century, already SO remarkabean which this great
work alone would render celebrated.
OF the two projected canathat OF America and that Of
the importance is very different The canal Of Suez
would unite India and Europe Il would reestAblish the
commerce and prosperity the peace and advancement OF
Europe, Asia and even Africa in word Of the whole Of
this hemisphere the continental supeces of which
p,red with that of the opposite being 10 the proportion OF
% toll To Mr. Ferdinand de Lesseps reserved the
honor Of attaching his to this great enterprise
horzed and paronzed by the Viceroy OF Egypt Mahom
med Said. " IS .ea .fa# r t#
we compare the mean distances between the ports OF
Europe and India by the Cape Of Good Hope the one
hand and by the intended channel between the two seas
on the other shall find difference in ia
yo of this latter route This difference will be still greater
ii we remember that straight line on the chart of nay-
cation is far from being the shortest distance from
port 10 aLoher and the only reach the point
for Which he is steering BY following certain number Of
successive courses approaching near as possible the arc
NJ great circle Thus far from making directly for the
uAns, vessels leaving Europe on the Atlantic
Cspe Of Goou -. : FOR India must steer
nor,s az North America en- ROME
r. ,ba canaries or Azores in order TO ma tns
,r.ss.v,na. a, the northern hemisphere 70 mAhe
the coast of Brazil and sign, -. o. -
into harbor at Rio Janeiro. This is generally
route for the Cape Of Good Hope justly perhaps,
called the Cape of Storms They then the Agahas
Bank reach Bourbon or Maurtus and from thence steer
for India following the allowed by the monsoors.
Vessels u the Mediterranean again have TO contend With
still greater disadvantage IL often takes them fife
days reach The Straits Of Gibraltar westerly winds gen
orally prevailing Ia this quarter, where we also ind
rapid flow of the waters in.o tie Mediterranean
Thus voyages India take at least five months five
moahs and hall, the voyages home being rather more
direct without being sensibly shorter. Ships then run
nearer 10 the African shore by of the trade winds
the southern hemisphere the place of call in this being
St. Helena. .1n .H
have myself taken both these routes about ten years
since II we now examine the facilities for navigation 10
ths the canal Of Sutz-naely the Medi
terraneau the Red sea, and the Gulf of Omanwe fnd
That in the Mediterranean the winds blow from The
north during the greater part Of the year change to E.
in he spring, and to the NORTH passing by the w
and N. W. ts.g .....# .
That nearly the takes place in the Red where
the morrill, which Is the prevailing wind heaps the waters
in the direction Of Babelmande that during calm
observe current setting norhward evidently arising from
the elevated in the South eudeavorng
their level. Southerly winds generally succeed calm.
The gulf OF Oman has two monsoons: the n E. mon
soou which generally continues during the winter and
W. monsoon which lasts during the summer, and is f e.
quently stormy. The change from monsoon to he
other is there elsew here accompanied by series OF
storms and gales
APPEARS from the foregoing that 1t would be ad
vantageous for vessels proceed to India by the cana
during the autumn and to return by it in the spring.
The considerable reduction Of the distance of European
ports from those of India would not be the only
trade from adopting the canal between the
not only would vessels reach their point of destination much
sooner they would find places of anchorage through
the entire route and also what is of Importance
STILL they would meet with good markets. The navigator
after having followed the usual easy routes of the Medter
rauean would dispose of part of bis cargo in the canal Of
Susz or Djedda, would purchase ivory Massarvs
Souaken, Deroera which he would exchange in India
for opium to take TO China in exchange for silk and tea
lie would complete his home cargo in colonial merchandise
from Mana the isles OF Sunda and Ceylon in cotton Of
India Egypt in coffee of Abyssinia Yemen the gum
Of SoudAn HedjaE the Of Lower Egypt or rice
Of Damietta; and these numerous operations which
require years would be accomplished rapidly and
without danger with small capital and small vessels In
short by reducing time necessary fer the operations
commerce. reduce the general expense We make a
greater number Of the changes feasible in given time
and facilitate them small traders who by far the
By affording easier and route
navigation, find 1t may be accomplished by vessels Of
small tonnage provided with bills Of exchange in short
and navigation general. Turkey Russia Aus
ta Italy, and southern Spain might then fit out vessels
for India and these powers would find their maritime
sources increased in immense proportion Marsees would
become important, and the ports the ocean
Cadiz, Lisbon, Hayre, Rotterdam, Hamburgh-would in
their shipping like England suddenly brought
s powerful colony like Spain and Holland with respect
to Manila and Batavia u short the increase OF trade
petition the hand, and the vast diminuton OF
peuse the Other would doubtless tend TO lessen the
OF exchange The produce OF Asia would abound in
markets. the Asiatic market would in their turu he
rich in ours and the general good would be the
~ result
the trade with India China and the islands Of the
Trade with the Red sea- although less consider
able deserves attention but there scarcely any
risd present. Il very li,le known and could only
acquire Importance by the opening Of canal between the
two The Red sea- which to rs in stragh
line becomes far distant when have double cape
Babelmande is far from Pondieherry and Sou.
AIKEN as far Batavia Suez farther still by this route
becomes as Beyrout by the canal in short the
routes measured from the Straits Of Gibraltar to Sousktn
are IN the proportion Of one 10 five
Very lev European vessels met with in the Red
Sc Every year few belonging the Parse,s Of
Bombay, and manned by Lascar The internal trade Of
this carried by Arabian bsrques called dors
or borr' constructed at Sutz D-ddo, Kossair Souaken
Or Mocha, with wood from India to Singapore These vss
els orc = vcry small tonnage very sharp and have
h.ndsnms sheer; heavy poop which hinders their
working and lowers il the They carry mast
rigging sVrrre sail; this sail snd yard struck tie
lot when hey lay to- about thirty required to
ke Il