The Carolina Spartan. [volume] (Spartanburg, S.C.) 1852-1896, 1856-11-13

PRESSURE OF FIRED GuSPowpER.-.-It IS
wesi understood that the pressure of the ex
plosion ina gun Is the greatest nj the be-
ginning, and gradually dies away ase The
oaii moves forward; bat this depends much
on The eom5iisiibiiity ofthepowder. :. With
good quick powder the pressure at.the in
slant 70 inmcnse; but until RECENTLY no
one has heen able to measure it. DIR. w.
T., NAoodbridge and Major Alfred Mordecai
have been recently making some expert.
meats, at tie expense Of tho United States
ofananee Department. fortcs,irg this point.
at the arsenal in Washington. Wth a
bail weighing about C I2 pounds ana a
cNargs ol l2 pounds Of Dnpon,'s cannon
powder, the gicalest pressure vt any instant
oh tbe interior OF the gun, at one inch froiu
mo bfeech, varied between 10000 and
II goo pounds per square iucl. At one
foot from the brecch ihe greatest pressure
was ouly about 5000 pounds: ut two feet.
about the saine; at three feet, about G 600:
and at four feet about 5000 pounds. The
pressure of small quantity OF IIazzard's ii.
lie powder, fired in n cavity from which
there was absolutely no escapa, was not sui
ncient to burst the box. the Strength of
winch was estimated sufficient 10 sustain an
internal pressure Of about $4,000 bounds
per square inch. These facts are interest.
ing, as they serve to show how the metal
should be distributed in casting cannon
and also 20 remove tho belief which EXISTS
among practical uioD that one grain OF
powder absolutely coufined would exert AN
inhuito force Union.
NuMBEe oT THE sSrARs.-Ofg the s,a.s
thousands are visible to the naked eve and
iniiiions are discovered by the telescope.
SIR John Hetscheli calculates ehataboutlige
and halt millions OF stars are visible
enough to 10 distinctly counted in a tweu.
ty-'eet reflector IN both hemispheres. and
thiGkS that tho actual number Is much preal.
er. Ills Iiiusirious father estimated on ono
occasion that one hundred and twenty Eve
thousand stars passed through the field of
ins iorty-iooi reflector IN quarter of an.
hour. 1his would give twelve millions for
the entire circuit Of the heavens in a sineje
telescope zone; and this estimate was made
under tue assumption that tho nebulp were
muses. Of luminous matter, not We, con.
denscd suns. But with the increase of Ia.
s'rumeniai power especially under the
mighty grasp OF Lord Rosse's gigantic 70.
Hector snd Tie great reiiec.oFs at Pulkova
and Cambridge, the most irresolyable of
these nobnl;e have given way; ard the bet.
ter opnion now is that every one of them
Is galaxy, like our own milky way, com.
posed Of millions Of suns.
DISCOVERY rs ELxorRIclrY.- Ue,,.
~ has made an Interesting series Of expcri
meats with electricity, aud states that lie
has discovered coucasiscly tlaat there ar.
not two kinds Of electricity, according To-
Dg'aye, bat 'hs, Il IS an iden,ity--ralber
a iofee, or an ether, that operates IN oscila
'!o"s 10y direct and reflex motions. He has
also discovered that thunder storms exert
an iuii"enee ever grea, extent Of coun,ry.
iio has magpetized needles by thunder
stouns seven OF eight miles distant. Tie
ppaelPie Of Ragne,izipg a naedle he ex
p,aas by considering d,at II the direct.
waye Of the flid or e,vetticiiy impaired.
So Lt.y uRiia os magnetic force 10 the nee
,'le, ahd iae reflex wave took ten units frln
IL 'hen Tie next direct waSe impafted FIVE
nn''s the expression Moald Je 20 p.- 10.
a. = p. ~ Is units OF magnetic force
with which theu needle would be magnetized.
These results arc Of great practical inpor-.
tsrce.
10 IHpcaArE MARBLE OR SroSE-Mell
pnre wax in clean latle, and with soft
brush cover the marble with two or more
coats When perfectly congeaied hold a
-te'i bot iruu plate just near enouyl. to cause
tie wax 70 siuk into tie marble Stone or
marble thus treated viii never lose ia
color, aud Il White viii remain SO. If the
stone or marble should become soiled with
,''ft and smoke il may DO washed without
tAe slightest iIij0ry. This ci.eaGstic pro
cess Is applicable 10 both sluce9 and plaster
casts, when latter may then be freely ex
posed to the weather With perfect safety
II is strongly recommended by Niruyius
Rh0y, and oilier old writer's on sneh sch.
Jeeia, aud is onc of the secrets of the ionr
preservation oi'ihe painted decorations OF
the e'Iies Of Pompeii aad Herculaneum.
Ina iiIGHEsT MouNTAIN IL nus Won, r.
- ihe principal topic OF conversation y,
C"iep1la IS The discovery OF the highest
mounsaln m the wotid AZ the mee,ip,r
OF u'e ss1''iic Society OF Bengal on the 6t,
Au9Esl AJoF Ihu!hier aunounced that Col.
hag4h, Surveyor Geaeral Of Irdia. had
com p.eted hiS computations Of tlepositious
,'A" eseyayions Of the peaks Of The Hima,
'"y Is, Inc fesult Was to depose the moau
I,.a hanctiuiipga tsom It's 3a1one as The
/ n!.shesi po'ht on tic eattlIsuriaee. That
distinction heiongS for lhe ffesen, to peak
luo nue. ''om ilaDehinjiula, AID between
thSl mue@ipoud kswiuanaoo Tbispeab
Us a-cettluet ~ be 29,oO2 feet aboye Tie
sen !eyct kapeAi1jmgS IS 2S,I56 feet; aud
DcWaiagifl, Tie GoQnlain which school
ge sfsPlics peisist in ealing "Ihe high
ess lHonntain in tie Known wotll,"is only
G,82G feet 'fIe moanaie has no name
ihal.lsitle 20 Civilized ntp, and Col.
Nm,gh bas therefore cventuted 20 denona.
paio u "Nopns Everest 'al.er a former sur.
yeyor general
y L.. vi.