The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1856-01-03

town OF San Juan under the dhed protecorate q
Moreover, in drawing up she treaty both Mr. Clayto.
end Sir II. L. Bulwer referred TO the 0tes which hsA
passed between Lord Psmerston and Mr. lawrence ssd
Of the precise terms which I'd been there
employed from which, it must Of necessity be Inferred
that they meant to traner to their convention With the
words which they borrowed the meaning which mad pre-
USns been attached to the words in the docum uts ron
winch they extracted them and reference to VI docu
menus WI at once show that Mr. Lawrence, VIII ue he
sskod nsr Majesy's government whether it mea Mt Il
occupy forty, coone assume exercise dom, uion
Britain that country and ths. Tora Psmerrto. In
diseaiming that her Ma3estys government did not Inv
tend to DO Of these ,hirgs expressly the
and the Musquitos untouched:
So nucb for III. spirit which presided over the co.vea-
tion of 1859 With regard 20 the liberal meaning this
treaty declares, in words that the parties w not
occupy nr fertify nor coonze to exercise
coast. sry part of Central America and that nsi-
ther party will make se OF protection which either
or msy n.oe "sa s h. has
Of occupyipg, fortiyng or colenizng Nicaragua CesI
Rcs tho MOSQUITO coast or any part Of Central Ausia.
Mr. Buchanan says, with regard to that portion Of tho
foregoing sentence which restricts the which Great
tion which either might afford 10 State people, II
ha been said that this article Of the convention acknow
over Mosquito Now her sjesy governmen mt does -
pretend that in this article the United States acknsw-
the aforesaid Of Great Britain in Mos
quito ii the intention Of her Msjestys g0vern-
ment, OF that of the British negostor TO obtain ind
recty that which not asked for openly but II 10
evident that this article clearly acknowledges the pss
bity of Great Britain the United States afording
protection to Mosquito any Central American State,
and that the intention OF the parties was not to prohI
or abolish but to limit and restrict such proectorsts
But supposDg all mention Of protection In the treaty haa
been omitted, and that the question at issue merely
rested on the words coloDze, forsy, occupy, and
sumo, exercise dominion over is there any e
these ,erms which excludes the right of protection al
pr ,ecng is temporary act of friendship; occupyisg
fortiying colonzDg acquiring sovereignty aoss
which have perm anent result.
1t has been held that neutral territories king
dons which other Kingdoms prohibited by
ty frem acquiring dominion-which other kingdoms
not colonies occupy or orty, may not be defended by
such kingdoms at the desire and request of the neutr
States although would doubtless be necessary for any
nation undertaking such Defence to declare formally anA
promise clearly that wood not turn this transitoxy
ard allowable act into OF continuous nature whics
engagements had prohibited. No will maintain that
the bar to colonization iortiyirg bar to all pro-
tections No will assert that TO afford psOtecon TO
State and to dominion over it. are
the thing No one will contend that to send ns
val or military force for the purlsse OF expeng
my from the territory of ally, of Furnishing his
or bis enemy. We're this the of the word, a. In
serted in he treaty Of 1885, that word is equally aP-
would have far wider significance than her Maesty's
government contemplated than the United STATES g.
ssthsr .e11 IN 81 @ IN such
In any circumstance employ force naval or military,
sgainst any Central American State, however great
jyst the provocation they might receive The citizens e
The United States, for instance might their way fro
Csforn mia to Washington be arrested and confined
any suspicion p9etext the demands Of the Unte
States for their release refused But is to be argues
that under such circumstances, the United States cou
not send an armed force into Nicaragua 70 compel the
who had upjusy incarcelated them The United States
government however would bs bound to state the objss
1t bad in view in sending force into Nicaragua would
be bound to declare that ii did to coonize
y, occupy establish its sovereignty Nicaragu
would uHe But surey Sis dispute IS To- sSs ~
tue and meaning OF proecton is one that should not
ana r ous 20 on
poeoon Is rot equivalent to occupation scveregnv
aId that It does not Of necessity imply the scqusdoa
spy exclusive advantages to the parties protecting
give those parties exclusive control over that which b
protected.
Great Britain and the United States by the said treaty
bird themselves to protect certain canas railways
which be formed through various ndepeI dent States
Great Britain and the Upitea states do not by this pro-
lection acquire any tight OF sovereignty occupatsa
over snch canals railways, whilst they carefully
clude Themselves from having any exclusive contr
viitges.
II is unnecessary further to discuss the construction Of
the treaty with reference to the protection of the Moo
quitos That her Majesty merely expresses
now that view OF the treaty which it entertained ana
which it had understood that the government. Of the
United States entertained when the treaty concluded
Is evideut from the TACT that within little than =
month alter the treaty of 1s60 had been ratified, her
Majesys Minister at Washington entered into further
negotiations with the government Of the Uuted States
ave to the position Of Mosquito interpreting the treaty
as her Majcstys government nterprets it. That
there nothing extraordinary unnatural unfair in
the Interpretation thus given the treaty BY her Maes
tys government is equally evident from the fact that
such alton was at accepted by the Secre
teiy Of Sate-Slr. Webster-than whom statesman ut
the time living whether in Europe America,
fitted to comprehend the spirit aDay the wording Il
any international obligation, and that her Maesty's gov
eminent not a. hat tme and Is not now animated R
control the river San Juan the canal that may
s formed from its waters likewise demonstrated ~
the circumstance, worth noting that the object which
Great Britain had in view in pursuing these further ne
gota,ions with the United states that of withdraw
ing her protection from the very town called reytown
Fan Juan de Nicaragua and the adjoining territory
and Of placing the In the hands of some Central
American State, conditions in o wise beneficial to
herse only beneficial in so Gr as such conditions
tended to maintain sateoi peace and tranquility in that
part Of the world TO whsh they related, and to pre-
serve the Mosquito in territory bordering that which
was TO be ceGed in uofensvc state OF neutrality
security.
Indeed, when her Majes,y's Minister'S in convcrss-
ton which took place about the end Of July, lS41
this subject agrees on The part of the British govern
ment to assgn Greytown 70 Nicaragua upon tho coming
10 Iair settlement with Costa hica as to some oil the
points OF contention between them and upon her agree
ing TO leave the Mosquito people unmoested within
tain portions Of the territory which they occupy ana
over whi h the Spanish dominion never otherwise thaA
~ miDa)ly, extended MIR. Webster, whilst observing
that the United States bad direct interest in any
question concerning Nicaragua and Mosquito except ~
respected the construction Of canal and its free nav
CATION and that consequently he did not wish TO taxa
an active part in any neg citations extending beyond ths
limits adccd addressing himelf TO the Nicaraguan min
i.ter, who pressn. that he considered the ofer
made by the British Minister which the Ncara-
arrangement and her Maestys government then enter
tanned the hope and belief that by tho friendly understand
rg subsisting between Great Btitan and the United
states, ard the joint efforts Of both such settlement
would be speedily concluded between all the parties in
teresed a. would epaoe her Maiestys government to
reesse Itself from the duty OF protecting defending
GIeytowD, in which, for the time being self elected
otoy in great measure composed of United States c
2eps vas carrying on the government in the name Of
the Ming of Mesquite.
Tie preceding observations comprise all that her Ma
jestys government has to say with regard t, that
n.fll lf In hama nm xlufQr mt In Vhic
have teen intended to reply.
Hut, although the connection OF Grest Brtsin with
Mosquito formed one Of the subjects OF Mr.. Buchanans
Communication, another subject not less important, s
he actual condition ciBrsh Honduras Ruatan and tho
Boy Islands.
Il was never in the contemplation of her Maiestys
government in that OF the government OF the United
states that the treaty Of 1860 shoald interfere in any
way with her Aajestys settlement at Belize or It's de-
lcn6encies.
It was not necessary that this shoud have been par
tcularly stated, inasmuch A. IL is generally con