New-York daily tribune., 1856-02-28
PEACE AND LIBERTY IN EUROPE.

The masters and pacifcatOrs of Europe are again
united after bloody strife. A Congress is already
assembled to adjust the misunderstanding which
for few years has divided them As Of old, some
few tyrants perurers, autOcrats, absolutiss, ars-
tOcrats and other drOnes, represented by their
tools, will patch up peace in harmony with their
individual advantages, aims and necessities. AS OF
old, what are called the destinies of Europe, re-
main chained to thrones, and are judged and de-
cided by diplomatic protocols AS Of old, the
voice of the people will neither be asked nor con-
sdered in its higher aspirations, nor will its moral
and material wants be satisfied. Excepting some
very insignificant notifications, the i1ap of
Europe remains unchanged Sevastopol has
been blown up, but it was only stronghold
for war purposes. St. Michel, Mazas, and other
dungeons over Paris and France where the usurper
keeps bis victims chained, remain and strong
as ever; while Cayenne, Bourbon and Algiers still
reechO the grOans of the expatrated. Spielberg,
and other fortified jas in Styria and Hungary, the
classmates Of Verona and Bresca, the prisons of
Parma, Modena, Bologna, Naples and Palermo in
Italy, are filled to the brim with victims, often
condemned too to the gallows or the fusilade; and
ST. Angelo and st. SpiritO glover over the patriots
of Rome In this war blood has coursed in rivers
wide and red, and wealth, sweat-drawn to nurture
life been squandered beyond the means of this the
great century of steam-nerved hands of iron to sup
ply; and all this to strengthen barbaric thrones,
with their props, fetters scafiOlds and guiOtines
Such is the summing-up of war so foOlishly
greeted by many as one OfcivilizatOn and progress
from whose flames they expected to see arise ma
tionalites of freemen. Political emancipation has,
of course, made no onward step in the ranks of
battle 20 inspired. Once more corrupt ambition
and speciOus egoism have been thrown as disguised
bats to popular creduty; and, through falsehood,
generous impulses have been led to support con-
test shorn of all principle. Once more nations
have been guled by verbal swindes; and diplo-
matte shams have been received as realities. 1t
is desOlatiDg to witness how easily crowned mounte
banks and their ellOw-cOnvicts have again tri-
umphed over the people. The masses rOared the
war.cry instead of the harmonious chime of civil
ization, and made hereditary villains anew the de-
positors of their fates
SO, too, as forty years ago, some four or five
great powers of Europe now deliberate in congress
at Paris upon the destinies of European nations,
and settle all at their own pleasure. The smaller
States are considered now, as then, mere accesso-
res without a vote in the debate but obliged Dev-
ertheess to bow, to sign and to accept the verdict
of the strong. Sardinia, which foOlishly, against
the wish of all Italian liberals and patriots,
entered into the quarrel of the great powers,
gets her share not of glory but of humil-
iation. To the conferences on the reforms
10 be bestowed by the Porte on her Christian
subjects, the Sandman Minister at CONSTANT
nople was not admitted, notwithstanding his urg-
ent protestations. To Sardinia, fOrsoOth, the
only continental representative Of a partially
liberal government is assigned at this Con-
gress in Paris the degrading position of assisting
at the opening of the protocol, while afterward,
during the debates, she is to play the mute and
then at last to sign the finale.
The result for the continent is that the police and
the soldiers of despOtism are stronger than ever
If Louis Napoleon speaks of reducing the army, he
increases the corps of gendarmes-those prime
jaors and executiOners. SO, too, he promises to
reshape the Polytechnic School of Paris, the first
scientific establishment of our epoch and not less
celebrated for the devotion Of its teachers and pupils
to liberty. Always its foremost champions, they
heve exercised most powerful influence over the
population of Paris and France, and the pupils
recently refusing to hurrah for the Emperor, must
be punished accordingly. The schools of law and
medicine are for the same reason TO be transferred
to Orleans. Francis Joseph is stronger than before
the war; and Austrian GENERALIZATION is more
powerful than previous to lS4S.
So, too, the constitutional changes designed for
the Principalites are already vetoed BY France
and Turkey, and very likely will be by Austria and
Russia also The reform Of the political condi-
tion of the Christians in Turkey, said to be already
accepted by the Sultan, puts them on an equality
of rights with Moslems. Christians are to be ad-
missible to all civil and military Offices, but the
appointing power remaining in the hands OF the
Osmanlis, neither Yizers, Pashas nor Ministers OF
State will ever be selected from them. In princi-
pie, the reform destroys utterly the faith the rules,
the spirit and the letter of the Koran and strikes
at the life of Isamism, thus bearing on its tacethe
impossibilty of execution. Indeed il is consd-
cred impracticable at COnstantinOple, nOtwith-
standing there, at other large places where for
eign troops are collected partial success is prob
able But the contrary is expected to take place
over the country especially in Asia. The MuttiS,
the Ulemas the Dervishes, whose influence over
the faithful is paramount to that of the Sultan.
already murmer and curse the Western meddler,
and storm of Moslem hnaticism is accordingly
dreaded. To prevent violent outbreaks Constan-
tinople, Adrianople and Galpoli are TO remain for