The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1856-05-10

DcFGiSnl hhStcn VI Lac WAL, iIom Tvs ulss
breaking cut to thu treaty of peace. Every
event will be found chronicied uocer the sp-
propriase date. Subscribe will DO wall to
Keep the paper sor future reference, rs, a short
while hence, DeL's memories will be soreiy
exercised TO tisd oat when or he's this or that
evest took place.
TIE war begaU, as every one knows, with
Ruesia's attempt to exact and exercise pro-
teesorate over the Christian subjects of the
Pert. and 10 interfere with the government
OF the Dan0bian PriEcipalities. On ore side,
tie Gear demanded that the Pezte should grant
10 him right to intervene in Turkey and zee
to the proper and thorough execution of the
tilmaps by which the Sultan promised liberty
of conscience 10 the CbristiarG; and on an0-
ther, the Gar required that the arrangements
effected by the treaties of 1928 and 1872 for
the government Of Moidavia and Wallachia
shonld be modified 20 as to detsch them from
Turkey and attach them to Russia. Beth Of
these demands were declined by the Sultan;
and on the ssues tbue raised the war began.
After two years fighting, where do we Ut nd?
Russia has withdrawn both her claims The
Christian subjects of Turkey are not PLACED
snder the protection Of Russia, Their natu-
rel sovereign still exercises plenary dominion
over them. The great Powers that is to say,
Russia, England, France, Austria and Prussia
ARE entitled to complain formally to the
Sultan, if the frmans regarding the Christia,s
not entitled to interfere. Turkey, therefore,
has completely carried her point on this head
As to the Principalities, the treaty expressly
resffrms her sovereignty oy.r them. By the
last treaty certain rights amounting TO quasi
protectorate, in relation to the selection of
the hospodars, were secured to Russia; by this
treaty those rights are tacitly done away with.
The Principalities are to be self-governirg
States, under the sovereignty Of the Po,t,.
They are TO choose form Of government for
themselves; to maintain militia and to erect
forts. Turkey is not to interfere with them
with force of arms without the consent of the
contracting Powers. On this heal, then, Tur-
key has obtained even more thar she had be-
fore the war.
But this is not all. At the time the war
broke out, Russia possessed on the Black Sea
the finest seaport in the world, Sebastopol;
many strong forts, such as Kinburn, Kertscn.
and the fort at the Ktiia mouth OF the Dl-
nube; splendid fleet in first rate order aud
discipline; and the sole right, ia common with
Turkey, Of navigating the Black Sea-this lat
ter right amounting in fact to q monopoly Of
that sea, as the Turks have never had de-
cent feet since NavariDo. The peace finds the
Russian feet sunk, and the wonderful docks Of
Sebastopol destroyed. By the treaty Russia
agrees not to fortify or retain fortified any
strong place on the Black Sea; thus CIV
ing up the line Of strong forts southwest
Of the Caucasian range from Mamai to Ana.
pa, the works on the strait of Kertch,
Ksfa, Sebastopol, Perekop, Kherson, the
works st the mouth of the Dneister, and those
at the Kilia mouth Of the Danube; whether
Nicolsieff is included is not certain, but 1t
probably is, as its retention would be in viola
tion Of the spirit Of the treaty. Furthermore,
she consents MT to rebuild the fleet she has
lost She gives up her undivided right tc
the Black Sea- That magnificent sheet Of
water ia henceforth to belong to the world.
Russia and Turkey are each to maintain few
cossting vessels, equal in number on either
aide, for the revenue service. Each OF the
great Powers is to maintain two armed vessels
at the mouth of the Danube; except these, no
vessel is to be built on or to enter the Black
Sea except for purposes Of trade.
So much for the sea- On land, Russia, like
the Allies, restores what she took. Bat she
yields without compensation, the southerly
portion Of Bessarabia, go that she cuts herself
of from the Danube. The territory taken is
given TO Moldavia, which thus comes into pos
session of both shores Of one of the finest
rivers in the world; and will, If fortune favor
her, and her people be industrious, become, in
the next hundred years, one Of the leading
Powers Of Europe. Finally in the Baltic,
secret convention has regulated" the Aland
Isles. That convention probably relates to
their being neutralized, and to Rassia's bargain
lot to re-fortify them, and has been kept
secret in order to spare the pride of the En-
peror.
Such, then, are the net results of the war. 1t
is impossible even to glance at them without
being forced to the conclusion that Russia over
NStmcscu ncA CWn SsAcASsiis uuu uuueINbluSu
her enemies when she commenced hostilities
for 60 tar as nation can be made to feel that
che has been beaten, without being positively
humiliated, she must feel to day. From what
ever cause the result arises-whether Austria
failed in her engagements to the late Emperor,
or the financial difficulties of the war became
insuperable, or general European coalition
warned Russia that che must yield while fair
terms could yet De offered her. or the military
and naval preparations of the Allies betokened
a prosecution OF the struggle on scale which
the empire felt incapable of coping with, or
whether any or all of these causes co operated
to produce the result--that result is not the
lees plain and obvious. Russia has committed
the fault OF the century and it has been fol-
lowed by the appropriate penalty.
In fact, the war will do more good perhaps