The daily union., 1856-12-12

be very we'll conducted Early In the summer their corn
crop much injured by overflow of the lands under
cultivation The crops of the Ssnecas Senecas and Shaw
nees, and Quapaws although not much above half yield,
will produce sufficient to support them through the winter
The Chsrokees continue TO improve especially In sgri-
cultural which greatly in advance OF mechanical pur-
suits among them. They also still manifest commenda-
Bile interest in educaton but fund on which they have
heretofore relied 10 aid in supporting their schools
exhausted and nothing remains but the interest In
vested fund.- which will not be sufficient to support their
common schools and seminares 1t to be hoped that the
council may be able to adopt mode by which all their
educational interests creditable TO the Cherokees may
be fully and vigorously maintained The sale of their
ne9ral land" to the United States and the
of the whole large portion of the proceeds for school
fund.- the interest from which to be annually appropriated
for school purposes would give TO them ample means not
only to sustain their present schools and semnae but to
enlarge them as the wants OF the people require
Under the operation OF the treaty of June 22 1885, be-
tween the United States and the Chocaw and Chickasaw
Indians important changes in the political condition of
these tribes have taken place during the year. The Chick
have adopted constitution by which they have pro-
vded for the election of governor and other officers and
In other respects the instrument not dssimilar the
constitutions Of the neghboring States Upon points
of grave moment it s represented that these tribes differ
to the meaning of the treaty and by provision 10 their
constitution the Chocaws who reside in the Cbicka
country excluded from the elective franchise and
from holding office. Both tribes making steady ad-
in their educational and religious interess and
deserve commendaon for their increased industry and So
briefly Their schools and places Of worsh, have been
well attended Unfortunately, another drought has cut
short their corn crops
During the past Agent Cooper visited the States
of Mississippi Alabama and louisiana ascertain the
ndmber of Chocaws East and pay the balance of
awards due them He reports that there about
thousand of them scattered large extent of country
and that, although some OF them nominay citizens
they are all in very hopeless and degraded condition
Hs represents them enveoped in ignorance and super
son and thinks it would be of humanity to send
native Choctaw missionaries from the West among them
On the 7h OF August last an important treaty
tered into with the Creek and Sennoe Indians of the
Mississippi river of the leading objects of which was
to enable the department the chief obstacle
the removal OF the Indians of the latter tribe yet remain
i.g in Florida The Semnoes West have been denation
allied and in manner degraded by being placed among
the Creeks and made subject their laws They felt the
humiliation of their position, which not only discourage
them from all efforts at improvement but engenda.ed
reckessness of disposition and conduct which was con-
santy complained of by the Creeks and which would in
the end have produced serious difficulties between the two
tribes In this situauon which well known to their
brethren in Florida tie latter totally sverse to re-
moving and jGining them Hence the necessity of en-
deaVoSg to give them separate country, with the right
o. selfgovernment and the necessary for the
Portable support and improvement of themselves and those
in Florida, should they be induced to emgrate. They
unwilling to 60 beyond the confines of the Greek
country nor could suitable location have well been found
for them elsewhere The Greeks much avers to Civ
ing up of their country for the separate sccommoda
ton of the Seminoles but in consideration of the adyap-
tageous terms offered them finally consented thereto
The chief objection, the part of the Seminoes in
Florida to joining their brethren in the West having thus
been removed and the most liberal and tempting provision
having been made in the treaty for their advantageous set
ement and comfortable support there il is confidently
anticipated that their removal may now be effected in
peaceful manner thus rendering unnecessary the very
heavy expenditures attendant upon the military operations
which have been for many years fuessy carried for
the purpose Of trying to coerce them to emgrate To fail
ure by Congress TO make the necessary appropr To
carry out the provisions and purposes Of me treaty II
much to be regretted had they beer made the neoes
say measures So might have been proy adopted and the
ent fall and ensuing wir;er. AS these appropriations
passed the Senate and only require the of the
house q Representatives which it Is presumed may be had
Z ia hpa that thev,n ka
placed within the power Of the department before the pres
ent season for operations shall expire
This treaty with the Greeks and Semnoe is not cDn-
fined to the sundering Of connexion humiiang to one
and dsadvanageous TO boh and the opening OF better
prospect for the early and peaceful removal Of the Semi
noes In Florida Like the similar of last year with
the Choctaws and Chckasaws il contains provisions wh h
the department assured will have material bearng and
effect upon the welfare and destiny of those tribe Tho
relations between them and the United States Is well as
each other entirely revised mpfed, AM placed upon
elevated footing The vague and confused mass Of
old treaty provisions In regard TO then are annuled and
superseded by succnct and explicit specification Of the
rights and privileges Of the and the obligations of
the United States owards them All questions of contro-
versy between them and the government settled and
put a rest and all their claims and demands adjusted
put in trdin Of early and equitable adjustment There
S no ground left for uncertainty In the future to their
positions rights Such is the character Of
these two treaties They are probably the last that will
have 10 be made with either Of these four tribes until
they shall have become sufficiently advanced and desire to
be admitted 10 citizenship This many Of the Choctaws
gree Of interest and eagerne which viii greatly accelerate
their Advancement In very few years they will be
fitted for and doubtless seek this change Of condition.
Their example will have powerful effect upon the neigh
boring tribes Of Cherokees Creeks and Semnoles and II
s confidently hoped and expected that the present genera
ton win not pass away without Witnessing the gratifying
spectacle Of all these important and partially civilized
tribes of the Southwest numbering sixty five thousand
souls becoming acceptable and useful citizens Of the United
States.
The policy Of coonzing the Indians of Texas was com
menced early in February 1855 for
pose in Young county Texas-one the Bea,os river
and the Clear Fork of the Brazos The Caddoes
Anadahkos, Tahwakleros Wakoes, AM Tonkabwss have
been eongregated at the former rrve called Brazos
and the Cumanches at the later called the Cumanche
serve.
On the 18th September last there were nine hundred
and fifty At the Cumanche reservation. At the for
during the past season. there have been FIVE hundred
and forty OF land fenced In and cultivated, and at
the latter two hundred The Indians have made
considerable progress in building houses, and making
other improvements and have advanced In their moral
and social condition. Whskey has by great vigilance
the part Of the agents and the military and State author
es been kept entirely away and in every point Of view
the enterprise In Its present state and future prospects in
encouraging than its most sanguine friends had
tcipated.
The orays and depredatons occurring last spring on
the confines Of Texas not Is said to be traced to
the indigenous tribes Of that State but committed
rey by Indians that had not any connexon with the
The chassement OF Of these predatory bands
has happily been succeeded by period Of unusual quiet
and peace
The aering success in Texas gives promise that by
similar policy the southern Cumanches, Wichetavs and
other wandering bands the northern frontier of that
State may be successfully coonized the end Of
the Ohoctaw country, for which provision made BIZ
the treaty Of June 22d, 1855 between the United States