davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Southern sentinel. [volume] (Plaquemine, Parish of Iberville [La.]) 1848-1858, 1856-10-25
DR.. A ELS
CELEBRATED
We r M IFUGE
AND
LIVER PILLS.
Two ofthe best Preparations Of the Age.

They are not recon-
mended as Universal
Cure-alls, but simply for
what their name pur-
ports.
The VERMrFueE, for
expelling Worms from
the human system, has
also been administered
with the most satisfactory
results to various animals
subject to Worms,
The Liver PILLS, for
the cure Of LIVER Com
PLANT, all BILIous De-
R~ANGEMENTs, SICK HEAD
ACHE, &c.
Purchasers will please
be particular to ask for
DR.. c.. McLane's Cele-
brated VERmIFUGE and
LIVER Pills, prepared by
Stsmi'n9 $780,.
SOLE PRopRIEToRs, Pitts
burgh, Pa, and take no
other, as there are various
other preparations now
before the public, pur-
porting to be Vermifuge.
and Liver Pills. All
others, in comparison
with DR.. McLANE's, are
worthless.
The GENUINE McLane's
Vermifuge and Liver
Pills can now be had at
all respectable Drug
Stores.
FLEMING BROS,
so WooD ST, PITTSBURGH, PA.
Sole PrOprleeOra
Sold by SCOVIL & MEAD,
Charities street, New Orleans.
Wholesale Agents for the Southern States.
Southern sentinel. [volume] (Plaquemine, Parish of Iberville [La.]) 1848-1858, 1856-10-25
PATENT MEDICINES.
AYERS PILLS.

A NEW and singularly successful remedy for the
IL cure of all Bilious diseases - Costivcness, 1ndi-
gestion, J%aundice, Dropsy, Rheumatism, Fevers,
Gout, Humors, Nervousness, Irritability, Infamma-
tons, Headache, Pains in the Breast, Side, Back,
and Limbs, Female Complaints, &c. &c. Indeed,
very few are the diseases III which a Purgatiye Medi-
cine is not more or less required, and much sick
ness and suffering might be prevented, if a harm
less but Gffectual Cathartic were more freely used.
No person can feel well while a costive habit Of
body prevails besides, it soon generates serious and
often fatal diseases, which might have been avoided
by the timely and judicious use of a good purgative;
This is alike true Of Colds, Feyerish symptoms, ana
Bilious arrangements. They all tend to become or
produce the deep seated and formidable dlstcmpers
which load the hearses all over the land. Hence Il
reliable family physic is of the first Importance to
the public health, and this Pill has been perfected
with consummate skill to meet that demand. An.
extensive trial of its virtues by Physicians, frotes-
sors, and Patients, has shown results SURPRISING
any thing hitherto known of any medicine. Cures
have been effected beyond belief, were they not sub
Stimulated by persons of such exalted position ana
character as to forbid the suspicion of %untruth.
Among the many eminent gentlemen who have
testified in favor of these Pills, We may mention:
Prof. J. NJ. LOCKE, Analytical Chemist, of Tin
%cinnati, whose high professional character IS ell
dorsed by
JOHN MCLEAS, Judge of the Supreme Court Oh
the United States.
THos. CoRwIx, Secretary of the Treasury.
Hon. J. NJ. WRIGHT, Governor of Indiana:
n. LoNGwoRTH, great wine grower of the West;
AlSU iJn. . ~ ~
rev lotK CI'y, ehoolSe1 ~ c
WV. B. Aston, the richest man in America.
.. LELAND q II l l'Pi D ! II N'"P'"
f1qte,' ana many others - . hrrdrod
~ space peIhlIi w t"".1 ~ +hn p;iis harc
cet1lhcatsS; rom aL P"tS we Wv = nrinni;nr tban
oecn uSeo, OUT eFdoenee tl'I !, rann is fo1nd in
~ So g. : - + Si' F
'hgT eneG 33, upon 'tat, r ,orr ;nro,+;oo. ;o, ard
ane'e l i,tS 81 ~ t 80 49, % nv, ne a. +tc hest ara
sta4y' aIe o.ei1I : - Lo1nn 800 IS -na5;aal
most coh'Ple1g Nni'H ~ sn- o ona,nomUdnd ~ of
science can ahoLG. ne? ~ = ~ - I.t,ns
me drugs the1}s9.Sag. oH."' y a ~
ohiH Oh ; tS"t"..F en- ,..-
process III q 80 u ~ .+x ~.
IN Stch q manner - = F,~ f.
system OF e9:'9"sIt.5l . -. o..
~ a 49, q 80, =. ~, 80
.L".e .. ,'''l n "a .4-rl-
t"ileo " -. - - /" ~ ,..
''o4" st %. ~ r,I~o d. If w..
1L'''!,ihS = -, ~. ..-. ~, 80,
hl3&IIs az ~, =, - III, = ~ ,I 1, ~
'af1 fdtue N! - ~ I'd - aL,o q" ;,r. 49,.
@""si IS pfeSeht. N i1' MFR. S"I !, - = z :" : ~,
f"s 81 t"ch suo71t[s" 'I.'H,, - : = T 2t,.4 ~ y.
sut@ttt -. ~, - r,, a. H., h.re
S"!f7eyidehf Tie cueets ''3"'i" FIlF'' a. ~ -
Southern sentinel. [volume] (Plaquemine, Parish of Iberville [La.]) 1848-1858, 1856-10-25

a single trial of which will prove to the most in
credGIous their vaIne as a ~restorer of fertility Il
worn ont soils, and The r adaptation to largely in
~creasing the products of the Garden and Orchard
Southern sentinel. [volume] (Plaquemine, Parish of Iberville [La.]) 1848-1858, 1856-10-25
FRUSTRATED GUANO.

This valuable fertilizer, composed ofeqnal parts
ofPeruvian Guano and fine Bone Dust, is offered
to Planters as an article in every way superior and
far more lasting than Guano used by itself. 1t isan
established fact that Gnano lacks PHOSPHATE OF
LIME, and also that one halfof its fertilizing quail
ties are dssipated in the air, which is plainly to be
perceived by the strong anmonicai smell constant
iy emitted by it until its strength is gone. Bone
dust is nothing more than Phosphate Of Lime, and
this. besides being a strong and valuable manure,
fixes the ammonia in the Guano, and retains it un-
til it is absorbed by the plants. A trial Of this
fertilizer will satisfy any one of lis durability and
superior efficacy to simple Guano.
For sale in barrels about two hundred and fifty
pounds each, at two cents per lb.
SUPER PHOSPHATE OF LINE.
Southern sentinel. [volume] (Plaquemine, Parish of Iberville [La.]) 1848-1858, 1856-10-25
AND GARDEN
FERTILIZERS.


THE subscriber has constantly on hand the FOL.
l. lowing concentrated
Southern sentinel. [volume] (Plaquemine, Parish of Iberville [La.]) 1848-1858, 1856-10-25

Drays, WheeIbarrows, Bnggies, &c.
Planters in want of Carts for the next grinding
season, would do we'll 10 send in their orders ear
ly, in order to secure their delivery before the
close Of navigation in the Ohio river. All orders
executed at the manufacturers prices.
Hart, Austin & Co. are our authorized agents
for the sale Of our Carts, Wagons, &c. in Pla-
auemine, and are instructed to fill all orders up
on our regular terms.
my31 BUSBY. LITTLE & CO.
Wheeling, Va, June /, 1855. ie16
Southern sentinel. [volume] (Plaquemine, Parish of Iberville [La.]) 1848-1858, 1856-10-25
SUPER PHOSPHATE OF LIME.

This highly concentrated fertilizer is composed
Of Animal Matter, Sulphuric Acid, Bone Dust,
Gypsum and SnlphateO Of Iron, each Of which by
itself is a powerful manure. Five hundred
pounds. or about two barrels of this Super
Phosphate of Lime have been found to be fully
equal, in beneficial effects, to thirty wagon loads Of
ordinary Stable Manure.
PERUVIAN GUANO, in sacks Of about one
hundred aed forty pounds, at 1>2 cents per ID.
POUDRETTE, or de-odorized night soil in
powder, at 81 so per barrel
LAND PLASTER, at 81 IS per barrel. Also
ROCK SALT for Plantation stock. in barrels of
about three houndred pound, at one cent per
pound.
A pamphlet containing further particulars, and
full direstions for using the above fertilizers will be
sent on receipt of a postage stamp, to any person
desiringi it.
D.. C. LOsVBER,
mh15s6m % Magazine shest, New Orleans
Southern sentinel. [volume] (Plaquemine, Parish of Iberville [La.]) 1848-1858, 1856-10-25
wENDOW GLASS. Etc.

of all sizes and descriptions, for sale cheap,
Southern sentinel. [volume] (Plaquemine, Parish of Iberville [La.]) 1848-1858, 1856-10-25
Plaquemine Female Seminary,

THIS Institution will be re-opened for
Il the reception of Boarding and Day Pupils
on the LIST Of October next. Teachers Of superior
qualifications have been engaged for the different
departments. The Academical year will consist
of two sessions Of five months each, ending res
pectively on the last days of February and July.
Payment required by the session, in advance
No deduction made in case of pupils leaving be-
fore the close Of the session, except on account of
sickness.
TERMS-Per month, for French and English,
SO, Sc and 80, according to the advancement Of
the pupil; for Board, SIG, and incidental Expen-
Ses, so cents.
EXIRAS-Music on Piano or Guitar, with
use Of instrument, So; Drawing, So; Painting, SIS;
Latin or Greek, So.
Boarding pupils will furnish their own towels
aud table napkins, and also a silver fork and
spoon. Articles of clothing must be permanently
marked with the full name.
E. w. LARKIN.
Plaqnemine, Sept. 10, Is56,-I3
Fremont journal. [volume] (Fremont, Sandusky County [Ohio]) 1853-1866, 1856-12-05

that the Americans are behind-hand in
anything, finally confessed that we don't
know what roads are, at home-nor do we.
The youngest English colony possesses bet
ter highways than the Oldest American
State. This thoroughfare through the lit
tie principality of Saxe-Coburg would as
tonish the Alleghanians. A broad ma
cadamized road, smooth and solid as mar
bic, is carried by easy grading over a noun
tain ridge, 1900 feet high, bordered every
where, even in the widest district, by square
clipped, compact hedges of the dwarfspruce,
with fountains and stone seats at convenient
intervals, and avenues of shade wherever it
is exposed to the sun. An obelisk at its
highest point commentaries its completion.
We spent day in delightful old Nurem-
burg, ard thence hurried on by the Danube
and Ausburg to Lindau on the Lake Con-
stance, which VIC crossed to Romanshorn,
and so entered Switzerland. There was no
call for passports, no examination of bag
gage, and the conductors on the train to
Zurich, although each one had the word
SNoB (the initials of the German words for
"Swiss North Eastern Railway on his but
tons, were nevertheless gentlemen, and
handsome as they were courteous. At Zu-
rich we commenced our Alpine journey
but see that this retrospect will stretch to
another letter. BIT.
Fremont journal. [volume] (Fremont, Sandusky County [Ohio]) 1853-1866, 1856-12-05
gratitude I remain yours truly,
MARY ANN C0MSTOCK.
HAn1Lrov. Ohio. Nor. 1O. 1s55.
DE- RnRAcE-nns


DR.. ROBAcE-Dear Sir-I have read in the newspapers
many accounts cures effected by your Scandinavian Rem
edies, but consider my at least interesting
and marvellous any of them. So far you are
cerned testimonial more or less is Ofte consequence
Your fame is established and my statement add to
celebrity But for the benefit of fellow creatures
desire to make known the facts. When called upon
you at the instance Of dear friend the 21st of March
last had been nine years sufferer from catarrh The
irritation Ofthe and mebane of the head was so
intense that sometimes it almost drove crazy Icoud
not Sleep and free from unpleasant sensations
At various times five different physicians had attended me-
each treated in his way but of them did
any good despared of ever seeing another weil day.
and when called at your consultation rooms had very
little hope Of relief By your advise entered Immediate
ly upon regular of yo1r Scandinavian Blood Puri
fer and Blood Pills. encouraged by the cheerful
hopeful way in which you spoke ard resolved strictly to
follow your direction In less than week. all the worst
symptoms Of my complaint began to take milder FORM
and continued to improve from week to week until at
the end of three months my head entirely relieved
and every trace of the catarrh had left me. Still how
continued to take the remedies nearly six weeks
longer because found they building up strength
and fortng my constitution Six months have passed
since the finished and have had no sign Of re-
lapse should be glad to this letter. the substance
oft in print, for the guidance of others.
Yours, with heartfelt gratitude
Mrs. AUGUSTUS C00CH.
For SALE BY-S. BUCRLAND & Co., Fremont; KELLY &
BEACH, Elmore; P B, BEERY, Clyde; C. POWERS Wood
vile; ". BRADSER, West Milgrove 41yIs
Fremont journal. [volume] (Fremont, Sandusky County [Ohio]) 1853-1866, 1856-12-05
NOTICE TO TEACHERS.

THE Board of Examiners for Sandusky county will meet
i every Saturday at the Union School House, at one
O'Clock, p NJ; and notice is hereby given that examina
tons will be held at other time In connection with
this publish part section 45 of the Ohio School law
and notify teachers that expect them to be qualified
TEACH the specified branches. "No person shall be
pOyed teacherin any primary common school unless
such person shall have first obtained from said examiners
any two of them certificate of good moral character
and thathe Orshe is qualified teach 0rthogaphy Read
ing, Writing Arithmetic Geography and English Gram
mar GEO. A. STAKWERTHER,
j. B. L0VELAND, Examiners.
4 -., TH0S P. FINEFR0CK.
Fremont, Sept. 26, 1856. 35f
Fremont journal. [volume] (Fremont, Sandusky County [Ohio]) 1853-1866, 1856-12-05
QpGtrn.
NATURE AND HER LOVER.
by cHARLEs MAcAY.

-s By CHARLES MAcAY. r..
] REMEMBER the time, thou roaring ses,
When thy voice was the voice Of Inhhity-
A joy, dread, and mystery. f-H l
Irsmember the time ye young May flowers,
When your odOrs and hues in the fields and bowers
Fell on my seul as on grass the showers. it
/ remember the time, thou clustering wind, iet
When thy voice in the woods to my dreaming mind,
Seemed the sigh Of the earth forhuman kind
Iremember the time, ye sun and stars,
When ye raised my soul from mortal bars,
And bore it through heaven in your golden cars.
And has it. then, vanished, that dreadful timer
Are the winds, and the seas and the stars sublime
Deaf TO thy soul in its manly primer - -
An, mol ali, mol ,smid sorrow and pain, .f
When the world andits facts 0ppress my BRAIN
In the world OfspiTtt rove, reign
I feel adeep and a pure delight
In the luxuries Of sound and sight -
In the opening day, in the closing night.
The voices Of youth 90 with me STILL rhIn
Through the field and the ''ood DER the plain and the
In the roar Of the sea- in the laugh Of the rill.
Every flower is a lover of mine,
Every star is friend divine;
For me they blossom, for me they shine '' 'i
To give me joy the oceans roll,
They breathe their secrets to my soul, t-s -.
With me they sing, with me eondole.
Man cannot harm me, if he would;
I have such friends formy every mood,
In the oTerhowing solitude. -r
Fate cannot touch me; nothing can stir ..
To put disunon or hate other
'TWixt nature and her wOrshiqper E.r.-r-f
Sing 10 me, aOwersl preach to me, skIesi
He landscapes, glitter in mine eyesi
Whisper, ye deeps, your uysteriesl
Sigh to me, windsl We forests, nodi
Speak to me ever, thou fowery sodl
He are mine-an mine-in the peace Of God.
Fremont journal. [volume] (Fremont, Sandusky County [Ohio]) 1853-1866, 1856-12-05
Delights Spanish Lnstral.

Sure article to Make the Hair Grolc on Bald Heads'
ReRIoDe DGHdru.f ard keep The Head C0OE yiUe a
soft Gloss to the Hair, PreUent lis falling of and
PREVENT ITS PREMATURE DECAY.
For the toilet it is highly recommended for its fragrance
--- .-' DAY AFTER DAY
TTHE already numerous enquiries for the Spanish LHs-
frGl are increasing The grand success of this prep
araton is that it does just what it purpors to do and
thereby gives universal satsfaetian. ., ii 30
Prepared by J, G, Wadleigh, Lawrence, Mass
THORNE d CO., only State Agents,
. No. "a, East Fourth Street, Cincinnati, o.
Sold by S. BUCKLAND CO. Fremont, o. 42m6
Fremont journal. [volume] (Fremont, Sandusky County [Ohio]) 1853-1866, 1856-12-05
Cincinnati AdF8erdffsamn' dFI8eardffsamn't Is.
ISAAC E. WEST. CHAs. Il. MeDoUGAL
West & McDougsasll,,s ss ,,a.s
COMMISSION MERCHANTS,
No. % Walnut Street .. -.
CLNCLNNATL o.

FOR THE PURCHASE AND SALE OFT
Choice Western Reserve Butter, in Fiskias Kegs and
Western Reserve Butter in Barrels Frn solid packed,
and Rolls wrapped In cloths.
Western Reserve Durham farm OF glish 6n;r
and Nutmeg Cheese. u r. 'r-l I-,s,-T - n ~
Dried Peaches, peared and In halyes-
Dried and green Apples. 1f5 i1'e9l 7llf Ht -
Brooms in large Quantities aud great variety oC sykes
manufactured expressly for cur trade and Warrantedf
purchasers. .-.'r--I q 1fTf n Fr77f lfflIl
Glover Seed in large quantities. Timothy and Flax seez
Sugars. - fa, ., 4 1T - Z .1ll--,
Coffee, Rice, Starch Saleratus Soaps lead P,rk lara
Hams Beef Cranberries, Eggs; Flour, Pots and Paad
Ashea and al kinds Of Groceries, produce and mann
Particular attention given 10 thu
Mark all goods for ssle withnwneIs and WNe
All packages to be forwarded Care W & MeD cineinna
Ohio. Ms5s.1s5s. IL
Fremont journal. [volume] (Fremont, Sandusky County [Ohio]) 1853-1866, 1856-12-05
Health and Long Life for All
DR.. Robael1,s Scandinavian Remedies.

last the grand object of Medical Science is attained
"A Dr. RObacs Scandinavian Remedies actually perform
what thousands promised but accomplished. They
purge from the blood the corrupt particles which create
and feed disease The basis ofa the solid portions
body is the blood, and E that fluid is pure the whole
ganitiOn must necessarily be vigorous hardy and health
full Hence IN the preparation and combination of the n
gradients of his famous Scandinavian Remedies Dr. Rd
backs great object toprOduce medicine which shOd
the blood in all cases. Hesueeeeded and the con-
sequence is that the operation Of his Scandinavian Blood
Purifier and Blood Pills. upon almost every species of dis
ease is like that OF water upon the devourng element lit
orally extinguishing the maady Persons suffering from
debility from childhood find vigor infused into them
by these wonderful hfeenghenng restoratives. They
cool the heat of fever create appetite render digestion
perfect regulate the bowels promote Sleep nygorate the
reproductive organs in both sexes control ali disorders Of
the ver Sores boils, tumors and all skin Diseases
and by impartng to the vital fluid elements of health
literally make life pleasure, instead Of the wearisome
probation which it must always be to the invalid These
remedies composed solely OfSweedsh herbs med
icnal virtue before introduced in practice of
Ofpharmsey Physicons of the highest note in Europe
have certified to the value of the medicines they have
never yet been administered without being followed by
marked success 1t is impossible to enumerate in ad
vertsement tenth Of the complaints which they are
infaable Suffice it to say, that there is disorder of
any organ, unless caused by maormaon for which they
not adapted and for the simple that they act
directly upon the element which renews feeds and
tains all organs, viz, the vENOUs BLOOD.
Make of the genuine articles by purchasing only of
respectable dealers and regular agents. of ROback him.
self No g. East Fourth Cincinnati where he may be
suited BY letter as well personally, in all complicated
and difficult cases.
Price of the Scandinavian Blood Purifier 81 per bottle
or IS per hafdoz Pills. 25 cents per box five boxes
for ST.
Fremont journal. [volume] (Fremont, Sandusky County [Ohio]) 1853-1866, 1856-12-05
CIEvELAxp. Ohio. Dec. 6. 1855.


Dr. RoBACK-Dear Sir,-I should indeed be ungrateful
f failed to reply to your letter Of the 10th l enquirng
the affect Of your remedies in my You say you
not wish to publish my reply but simply to learn your
satisfaction what the Scandinavian Remedies have
done for me- But, my dear sir wish yon to make my
statement public, not only just tribute to your
SKILL but for the benefit of others who may be suffering
suffered, and might be cured have been cured. For
more than six years. you aware endured eontin
martyrdOm from the combined effect of chronic dys
pepsa liver complaint constipation, and most deplora
BILE condition Of the system During that time
employed the best physicians in the West and three times
visited New YOrk for the purpose Of consulting the most
eminent mediealmen in that city. All useless de-
SPARED ofreeovering my health and almost wished for
death. 1t at this time your advertisement caught my
eyes, and determined, forOrn hope, to try your
Scandinavian Blood Purifier and Blood Pills. Only five
months have elapsed since uncorked the first bottle and
took the first pill. Three words will tell the result
1e yes in better health than recloect having enjoyed
since my childhood. My recovery, under Providence
owe to you. believe have paid you about thirtyfve
dollars for medicine, and had every dollar been hundred
they would have been cheap.
With deep gratitude remain yours truly
MARY ANN C0MSTOCK
The Placer herald., 1856-09-20

Even the satire of the poet has caught the
idea inseperabIe from the present rollirking
intimacy between religion and republicanism,
politics and the pulpit. In a song ironically
extroIling the virtues of Fremont and Day
ton, one stanza is as follows. 1t needs no
comment:
Here comes Greeley with brother
OF a rather sable hue
(Wondcr ifit is Fred Douglas?)
And here's brother Bcecher too.
With rife on his shoulder. telling sinners who re
depraved.
If they only 90 for Fremont they perhaps may
yet be saved
The Placer herald., 1856-09-20

CENTRAL AMERICAN QUESTION SETTLE
MENr.-A telegraphic despatch to Liverpool,
on the morning of the Asia's departure, gives
an announcement from the columns of the
London Morning Ad0ertiser of that date sta
ting that the difficulties between the United
States and Great Britain were adjusted, and
the Central American question virtually SET
tied. The Adyertiser believes it is justified
in preparing the public for "A declaration in
the Queens speech on the proroga ion Of
Parliament, to the following effect:
"'That the Bay Islands are to be given
over by us to Honduras" In return for our
handing them over to The Republic of Hon
duras, the Government of that Republic
pledges itself never to give them over to any
other power, or to allow any other powers to
interfere in their affairs. America heartily
acquiesres in this settlement of the question,
and Joins us in a tripartte treaty with the
government of Honduras for carrying the
conditions Of agreement into effect. France
is also a cons-ning party to the agreement,
and has expressed her readiness to sign the
treaty, if deemed necessary"
The Placer herald., 1856-09-20
Gold and Silver in the World.

A Russian counsellor of state has recent
ly published work styled Gold & Silver
their origin, and the amount extracted from
all the countries of the known world, from
the most remote times, till the year 1856"
The following particulars are interesting:
THE amount of gold and silver annually
taken from the mines of Europe, including
Russia, is 26,sO5 kilogranme, of the former
OF 10 lbs. to the kilogramme,) and l6l,-
444 kilogrammes of the latter, valued to-
gether at $25,OoO,000.
I'm America, including California the an
nua product is l49 834 kilogrammes of sill
yer, worth, in all, STAG 100000.
"In Asia. the annual product is 2,700 kilo-
grammes of gold and 10000 of silver
amounting in value to $220O0,O0O.
''In Africa no silver mines are wrought,
and only 1920 kihogrammes of gold are
produced, valued at $2,000,00O
"Austraa, too, yields no silver but the
annual product Of gold amounts to 290,260
kiIoGrammes valued at S200,00O,00O.
'Sum total in all parts of the world, 5lO,-
100 kIogrammes of gold and l9SS, ,0OO,-
600 francs or over S397,00O,000. The
whole sum extracted from the earliest times
up to the present, will amount to l5,3l4,-
553 kilogrammes of gold: and 254,4l0,17O
of silver worth altogether, something more
ahan $50 $4,000. 900"
The annual productions of the precious
metal at the present time is enormous.
At the present rate, we gain more in fifty
years than our ancestors did in fifty cen,ur-
les. The annual increase Of gold and silver
for the period of three years ending in 1851
more than double that Of any previous wear
amounting to Col 900 00O francs; and in the
last four years ending in 1855, it has ncreas-
ed $50 per cent, and now amounts to 1922
63 ,65l francs, or 81 49, ,526, $50
America has furnished more gold and sill
ver-doubIe the amount-than Europe, AT.
rica, and Australia put together and only
10000, 600 less than Asia has furnished
since the beginning of the world.