The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1856-12-15

The Future Growth and Supply or Cotton.
The Tribune, with it's kindred political philoso-
piers would probably feel gratified if they could
see the cotton culture overthrow at the South
and transferred to some other part of the world.
1t would probably be a matter of indifference
whether negroes were employed in its production
elsewhere, SO that they would cease to be so en-
ployed in this country. Hence, whenever they
tbeorize on the subject, they always reason ac-
cording to their fancy, and have predicted for
twenty-five or thirty years past that India would
rival the United States in the production of cot
accomplish it by building railroads. Yet how far
such improvements are to overcome the insupe
rabe difficulties Of climate and other impediments
does not appear.
On each side of the equator there is belt Of
country surrounding the globe between 20 to %
and 80 degrees north and south latitude, in which
the year is divided into six months rain and six
months, or thereabouts, Of drouth. The width of
this tropical region varies in the Old and New
Worlds
In India it extends north to the Himalayas,
and in Africa to the shores of the Mediterranean
in Egypt and Algeria, with this exception, that
in Egypt it scarcely ever rains at all, and vege-
tation of all kinds has to be produced by irriga-
ton. In India, the sugar cane, indigo, rice, &C.,
are all the productsof irrigation, and where this
cannot be employed, their successful or profitable
cultivation is impossible-so of cotton; while
we have shown that in America we have
an extensive tract Of country possessing
more or less an inter-tropical temperature
with suitableness Of soil, which nature
has furnished with means of irrigation on a
grand scale. How far the climate and other i'm
pediments caused the experiments made by Anne
rican planters in India between the years 1910
and 1s45 to fail, will be seen by reference to the
report made by one Of thenl-Mr. Terry-who
returned to this country after five years residence
in India. The experiments were made under all
the most favorable circumstances which capital
could secure. The best cotton seed and machi-
merry were carried out from this country, and the
best locations and the most favorable soils selected
for their use, and the most ample supply of labor
placed at their disposal What the result was
were ten planters engaged, selected from Georgia,
Alabama and Mississippi, and seven Of them re-
NAMED experimenting for five years-the term of
their engagement =
Mr. Terry declared that the two grcat and insuperabe
difficulties in Il way OF cultivang cotton IN India,
Attributable the too great extremes OF dry aud
weather either Of which is peculiarly fatal 70 cotton
Du ing the continuance OF the rainy tbs cotton
plants grow with unwonted luxurance and rapidy. 70
nd nfh I'm into inf
the which Pcurs upon them during the succeeding
dry season When the dry weather sets in, the sun
srown; while the leaves Of the plant are crisped ana
burned 10 brown color by the intensity OF the
ia,e in May, and continues t October In Cess India,
the rainy esaon begins about toe middle Of July, ana
as TIL from the list 10 the 18th OF september In Lower
Bengal - much 70 inches OF rain usually falls In twelve
months. In Central India crops can be anticipated
with much less than thirteen inches Of rain. Eleven
inches fail TO result in famine which is dreadful
fleets upon the natives In addition to The uncon-
querAbe dcul,ies OF the climate the cotton plant Is
ed 10 the fatal attacks o. destructive insects There
which lays egg In the flower Of the plant Bsore
the boil natures the worm forms within IT, which feets
upon the seeen and tender Gbres OF the cotton eating
cut all the cotton within the boil before natures leav
Dg only lock or two In some bois pods, wni,e la
others not abre left In some parts Of lnta II Is also
subject 10 the attacks OF white ants, which cut down
the plants While young. or ai4ack the young
poor, ard cut thsm OF All that the Americans can CO.
the average about pounds OF clean the acre
hcm the beet American cotton seed and only seventy
pourcs OF Gotten 10 the from native India
seed.
Mr. T., before leaving Msisppi 10 90 20 Int.a super
intended cotton estate Rodney 10 thai stale, In
1859, whirn he raised hundred pounds OF
c.an ccnon 10 ihe acre lie rays thai year he made
nLs crop actually sending 10 market hundred bales
OF good couon averaging four hundred and ty pounds
'scb, from ninety six acres OF land. What conuas,
lbs 10 cropping IN lndis
Mr. d, one Of the Amefcsn cotton growers who went
10 india. snd stationed at Gorucxporc, put hun
diea acre. In cotton IRON which he gathered only
hundred youaos OF clean cotton The those seu,
40 Coimbscfe could do. was 10 raise, q favorable
year, two hupored pounds Of seed cotton to the sere
squai 10 a5oV; ally pounds Of coan cotton. Tue most
Mr. T. could co was 10 rsse the rst year, ten pounds
"a Gle an cotton from American cotton seed Of the Mexican
variety, CEe best add seventy pounds Of native cotton
10 he acre he Gays he American seed earned out from
sbou Rooney One oosi IN AnericA dsterora.ed every
.esr the staple nhre growing shorter who the yield
grew less "a pis nrm convection, toai he American
s,ed hc planted over over again In the samo so IN
lncs, i've years II will totally cease to mature Any
cotton whatever He Also rays, by changing 10 othcr
dhuitir u may be made TO yicla somethias In few
yssrr longer, bot you'd ultimately run out,
Mr. us US mat whom less Than eleven inches OF rain
fail ~ central india there 10 famine By reason OF ire
failure Of the rice crcp, which Almost the only fooa OF
TITO natives The government makes no allowance for
Inc failure 81 crop bu encrces The collection OF ia dues
from head renters (~bo nre land, and employ natives OF
the country snd villages 10 work r. ut the II
failure ma cccurred) lie fayt tne,e famincs have
kird VI tcrcdcsi recurrence, once In eish,
yes Thar durrs me ast mot severe famine In 1897,
many ihousando expired from absolute s,arvaaoi That
IN sonc portions Of India 10 cpAble them to meet their
ROY Inmeni dues and Obtain sub,stence they were
oIcea 10 eel o their caue and every other thing they
sttssed TEey would cut down their uoes strip their
houses Al ihemsslves o, clothing, and sell their
chuorcD into boncase In Or der them from
fvstrrcion 10 ssys hat India become cot.
tied With European population, on account OF the CT
IRENE heat prevrtpg their labornE 10 tue open neds
beneath burning sun without destruction such Is toe
overwhelming oppesivsress Of The beat ths, all ine
nsveIng IS done al night Inc traveller is carried
10 secsD, or paianquin, supported BY six or eight
msp, who relieve each other at tue end OF every
eight ten mile. Tncy Sc, or usually four o'clock
70 Ire evening travelling all night ana until nine
o'crcs next mcrniBg when they lay by for the rcmas
der a. the cay. IL was In his the American cotton.
were carried from one part Of lnuis 10 another.
roop~ march n night and often hgbt tier battles Al
night
Mr. ssys,bs, ,rch II tho destructive character o, tho
white m, In many paris 81 India, they actually level M
he 'es years-vhch are the crly kind Of houses
hst be ussd In the Interior ~ the scsrc,y
oi timber. Machinery made Of WOOD and carried into
The country, Al or whlo Ia liable TO attacked BY them
and de,iroyed
AZ bis station, in Bunalecund, be found the hca, 90