Raftsman's journal. [volume] (Clearfield, Pa.) 1854-1948, 1856-01-23


birds took shelter in the towns. The price Of
wheat rose, in England, to twenty shill-
ings quarter, but was reduced to fye-shill-
ings in the following year.
In l460, the Baltic was frozen, and both foot
and horse passengers crossed over the ice
from Denmark and Sweden. The Danube,
likewise, continued frozen two months and
the vineyards in Germany were destroyed.
In l46S, the winter was so severe in Fland-
ers, that the vino distributed to the soldiers
was cut in pieces with hatchetC.
In 1914, the same thing happened again, the
wine being frozen into solid Jumps.
In 1913, the winter was very cold and pro-
tracted. Between Denmark and Rostock,
sledges drawn by horses or oxen travelled
over the ice.
In 1864, and again in 1865, the winter was
extremely severe all over Europe. The
Scheldt froze SO hard as to support loaded
| wagons for three months.
In 1871, the winter was severe and protract
ed. All the rivers in France were covered
| with hard and solid ice; the fruit trees even in
Languedoc were killed by the frost.
| In 1894, the weather was so severe, that the
Rhine and the Scheldt were frozen, and even
the sea at Venice.
The year 1908 was uncommonly cold, and
snow lay Of immense depth even at Padua.-
Wheat rose in the Windsor market from 81 to
Sc shillings quarter.
In 1921 and 1922, all the rivers of Europe
were frozen, and even the Zuider Zee. a
sheet of ice covered the Hellespont; and the
| OH ol +ba 10
| Of the Adriatic.
In 1866, the winter was very severe, espc-
cially in Sweden. The excessive quantities of
snow and rain which fell did great injury in
Scotland.
The winters of 1868, 1859 and 1860 were in
tensely cold. The rivers in Italy bore heavy
carriages; and so much snow had not fallen at
Rome for several centuries. 1t was in 165S,
that Charles X. of Sweden crossed the Little
Belt over the ice from Holstein to Denmark.
with his Whola armv-fnot and horse. followed
by the train OF baggage and artillery. D"ri"e
these years the price of grain was nearly doub-
led in England; a circumstance which contrlp-
uted, among other causes, to the Restoration
In 1910, the frost was most intense IN Eng
land and Denmark, both the Little and the
Great Belt being frozen.
In 1854, the winter was excessively cold.-
Forest tiees, and even the oaks in England,
were split by the frost. Most of the hollies
were killed. Coaches drove along the Thames,
which was covered with ice eleven inches
thick. Almost all the birds perished.
In 1891, the cold was SO excessive that the
famished wolves entered Vienna, and attack
cd the cattle, and even men.
! The winter of 1895 was extremely severe
and protractcd. The frost in Germany began
in October, and continued tilliApril; and ma
ny people were frozen to death.
The years 1897 and l699 were nearly as bad.
In England the price of wheat, which in prece-
ding years had seldom reached to 80 shillings
quarter, now mounted to 7I3.
In 1909 occurred that famous winter, called
by distinction the cold tcinter. All the rivers
and lakes were frozen, and even the seas, to
the distance of several miles from the shore.
The frost is said to have penetrated three
yards into the ground. Birds and wild beasts
were strewed dead in the fields, and men per-
ished by thousands in their houses. The more
tender shrubs and vegetables in England were
killed; and wheat rose in its price from two to
four pounds quarter. In the south of France.
the olive plantations were almost entirely de-
stroyed; nor have they yet recovered from that
fatal disaster. The Adriatic Sea was quite
frozen over, and even the coast of the Medi-
terranean a5out Genoa, and the citron and or
ange groves suffered extremely in the finest
parts of Italy.
In 1716, the winter was very cold. On the
Thames booths were erected, and fairs held
The printers and booksellers pursued their
professions upon its surface.
1726, the winter was so intense that people
travelled in sledges across the strait from Co.
penhagan to the province of Scania in Sweden.
In 1929, much injury was done by the frost,
which lasted from October till May. In Scot
land, multitudes of cattle and sheep were bu-
ried in the snow and many of the forest trees
in other parts of Europe were l.iifeo.
The successive winters of l1ol and l'52
were likewise extremely cold.
The cold of 1740 was scarcely inferior to
that of 1909. The snow lay eight and ten
feet deep in Spain and Portugal. The Auider
Zee was frozen over, and many thousand per-
sons walked or skated on it. AT Leyden, the
thermometer fell 10 deg. below zero of Fab
renheit's scale. All the lakes in England
froze; and a whole OK was roasted on the
Thames.. Many trees were killed by the frost
SGTON, %Hons were benumbcd on their sad
by the undersigoth the years, 1709 and 174o, the
are of pubic Pabiy of the CHURCH of
Delu Oit uNSoA.A ~