The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1856-01-19

ate In the Investigation OF ides aud cueots which
one Of the first II gsrersi bydr phie problems
wha'h my atendoa vas tSrasl TO our int ise,ts,
Also one Of this bydrrgraphc chaefa Of the uar-
vey, are. due the fsst asboextions OF the system
into the survey TIE e.ly trials Of shs iassrumsa
lecdng those best adapted 70 tho work thr I'm
mem sad rho rouns in tho gescii part. Of tas Gait
well tho de ghs With Which We 5, oyaiue;
ia the distribution Of hea. the column az
Nantucket. ths isw Of dstribution Of Leas In aud
w2rmed at tho top and slowly snsmitng by npsrfc;
sneu ;too 70 the lover .trs.. the heat from ts sar
cessity for cate ing upon another and very diff Lt li
OF duty, aud fm generous prssttng Of he sayp,sei
in 1885, after seasons work aud the gc
was assg ed to Leuteuans Comra .ndns ,ys B.eae.
full prosscu ion a' Of til, wosi, va s,ia dspisr-,
I only speak In the terms recogaizsi ss stree
L ,s. just y al , hi. a-soea ss Wien sy
to grApple with this problem, and thu. NJ. hi
energies and resources were beat 70 ia s,liDi.
in he Of Instruments, careful In obsscvA ms ready
Ia classifying facts perssvering Ia hsr iiaN
apt At general. his mind 81 wed brighter ami brshsr
lion. In this case his enthusssm kndlei and blrasd
brilliantly Is Interesting - f,lo~ hi. ds.crip
observation and of hs tentative resuls 70 zee how PEI
fecy he idendhed nmsel With the iaves,iss i,na,w
mental philosopher caring Tor ana ~aseaias and tryias
his Instruments: now the man Of seens, l,okiog -,
connecting, generalzing the results We Owe to him
the discovery OF that sudden change II 10 upsra-
tnre from the cold current to TIE Gulf stream
which became so marked ct moderate depths a. 10
Writing to ne. be says would IKE to be Nth "a you
when you look at and admire this sec lion FOR ad-
nirei Jon mast-and speculate on 1t with you Haze
- The left we have the main current Of tina sire
vdrned to the eastward by Cape Hsteras and ,ut ing
against bank Of sold er, which it saows ami
the RICH. mioghog with vast reservoir IT wser,
which probably Brought there BY the eddies
itself How beautifully ths tine defined to che
left westward and how we'll tn. ooservs ton, Of the
2d OF August In to verify the othsrs hit up
this by having the marine therm meer going to the depth
of thirty fathoas aud as soon as Il brought up
water hove 70 and made the observation The trssiny
OF the cold wall from HAteras up viii "a highly
trg and will lead to useful prsccicAl resats II 1t il
un.osn, aad can :, aid % w saa
be indicated BY 81 face temperatures At all evens
oeptn of thirty fSthoms will 20 l. unle tue STRAIT II
trough had worked pretty hard for the last three
weeks hoped might ne able TO get another se,d
so %y h s s a
begin to differ and afrai to tr ist To them too longs
added tS this gale sprung up on the 3d. one Of tbs
ward against the carreot and Ia the strongest
part Of the stream 1t blew very hard and out
Of the stream at he rate Of ten miles hut Ter
clcse Jee'ed topsais and Teetad hre-aiLn
We also this officer the discovery Of intrusive
cold water in the midst Of tho hot wtse If the Guf
Stream hch zee mel at first t, point to division IF the
stream, into tv, branches by q coid stresm.
His observations have stood remarkably I'll, test Of
subsequent researches, and With al tho improvements
since Of nine years in methods and iastru ats hts To-
yestg atoms Of the Sandy Hook, Cape May and Gaze
Henry sections are admitted to be ths very best aud
most thorough OF those ord in the survsy
Of 500 fath0ms supposed 10 be reach io these
soundings uithout finding b,t'om, the to be-
leg 81 deg Fdhee aheit ans 100 fAthoms with tec
nature OF 30 deg. jast below thu axis OF tue GUT
Stream II was mis- yea for this work, the desi e
the coast waich his iovesg ons shovel to b. nc e,-
sry that exposed him to the hurricane Of Sept 1885,
in which bis vessel WAS nearly wrecked. add he
this terrible emergency erabsd hi to such pre-
cautions rcd the safety OF tbs ,rds Of his
sesva,ns, AID to perpetuatc mis- 10 couaes ioa
Ths work thus well began wna continued Ia 1917 aud
lS4S By isuts Commanding s. Los aud Rtchsrd 90 she
tenant George 81 Bache were conGrmed BY thei-
vsiors the Cape Henry section and valuable esalts
ssSvng aud to tbs proo.sle nit Of chang ia sisu
of the parts Of the stream To these resuits sh4u
have occasion to refer agaiu. Lieutenan. BAche
not very elcient one It ia true but vessel which
enabled him in favorable weather to mant4ia desired
vye to Seey s nas INN ana
to reel up the line 10 expert mcnsing
The exgences of the Coast Survey suspended those
ploratons during the Iext sour years. and in 1853
vigorously renewed by the detail o. parties for
their continuance-that OF Lieu Nsest, Ia sailing
ut took up the survey where It had Sssn lett al Hat
teras, running again. for son, the Hateras
Hon then that nom the Cape Fear, then that from
Charleston. The labors Of his party rewarded
by the discovery, the Charleston sccti,n OF tw,
ridges Of hills beyond the main braach Of the GUT
and furnished the observations fcom which have drawn
the conclusion the connection ia that potion Of thu
stream OF the form Of the bottom and the distribution Of
the warm and cold water. Lieut.. Craven had been
gagged in the sections across from Cape Canavera ST.
Augustine and St. Simons, Georgia. Upon the Section
from Capc C.naves he had made the discovery sound
the banks or more properly range Of hills the other
sections, ndirg the same results as Lieut. M4ftt the
Charleston secion within few days after the party
Lieut. Na6dt had determined them. To these Off ,ers
Jointly the discovery Of this important and interesting
fact must be awarded 1t Ia difficult separate them
in IL.
Lieutenant Commanding Craven has since. wi great
skn and perseverance examioed the ST.. Simoos and
Canaveral sections During the last carried
that no greater depth existed than $40 thom. and re-
utipg Of those fabulous ideas Ia regard to the bo
tom y the sea which eopjseure mad aes emitted
lures the surface Ct the t above aai rder the
water. Lieutenant Craven ao found $40 70 hons ia
he showing the existence Of the Polar
the warm water Of the stream low Isi ude 20
grees North
In the course Of 90 long . series Of explwatf,ss
in which so many wiling minds have boon employei
the hods, instruments ,rds. indeed al tha p.
tain to the work. rave been greatly improved and the
whole Is now reduced to ,cmpsrAtive system
The greater part of the osoa records when reduced
to form, viii be published through the fo.ralts OF
gfess orumerts Of the industry and Of the
photographic officers Of the Coast Survey.
mat this servt.e one OF no small hardship aua dbl
Guilty may easily be conceived tiat it Is OF geat
posure in the small vessels Of the survey sey
tering the most bsterous seas may he realize
the fact thar the exploration O. part of The It
been attempted three mes without ,ess such rough
weather set ing in to deprive Officer Of the i1stu
mens AND to oamage tbs easoes Of the steam vessels in
two other cases. that thcr commanders we-e obliged
TO put back; BY the danger by Leut Msft in the
steamer Legare, barely reaching port In safety BY in
tense exerion OF officers and keep theft We ssci
aaoat: aud by the sad disaster whtca deprived the
Coast Survey and the Navy Of the services OF suonsn
George M B.che. The duty is most hazardous, Success
most gratifying.
The Deductions which have made from time 4, time
from the Coast Survey observations and have ented
the examination OF scienti; brehren have occupied
many months ut intervals, and will DO published 10 de-
tail with the Observations themselves. the arrange
mont Of this work and the nparon of results in
fnl Investigations and reductions and in itsful aud
skilul tracing out Of the phenomenn disgra have
del lived much assistance from Professor Pendieton o. s.
N, to whom desire here to make public scknowleds-
ment.
The diagrams In which the results arc represented and
upon which It has been found convenient to study them