New-York daily tribune. [volume] (New-York [N.Y.]) 1842-1866, 1856-03-05
some years afterward became an officer in the new

greatest revolutions in the development OF X lssia
AZ a powerful empire They raised the great
Catherine III. H. the imperial throne which other
wise would have been occupied BY Peter Ill.,
who. if not wholly an idiot, was a person OF
Acknowledged stupidity. Gregory Orlof, the par
amour Of Catharine with his brother, stirred up
an irsurreciiOn amopg the guards, ald at their
head proclaimed the Empress; while Alexis Or
loft. with BaDiatynski and other young men, muir
aered the lawful Car. At that moment the
grateful and ensmored Catharne desired to
share the throne with Gregory, but the opposition
Of the boyards prevented it. The Orloifs- ambitious
and aspiring, were the first to inspire Catharne,
German by birth, with national Russian feelings
and hopes Like Potemkin RumanzOf, aud many
others afterward, they pointed continually to the
destruction of Turkey as the great object oil Russian
policy. Alexis commanded the then newly formed
Russian squadron, which in 1770, on the 9TH and
9th of July. headed By Elphinston. Grig and some
other Epclshmen. burned and destroyed the Turk
ish fleet at Chesme, insignificant harbor in Asia
Minor. opposite to the Island of ChiOs. At the
same time Alexis fostered in Greece the cele-
brated association of the Heteria.
The present Alexis FedorOyitch Count Orlof
is the natural son of Feodor Zone of four
brothers) and of Princess of Holstein. relative
of Catherine, then sojOurning at the Court of st.
Petersburg He was born in the year 1755. He
early enter I'd military life, thus participating in all
the wars in which bis country has been entanged
from the beginning of this century. He was
wounded at the battle of Austerlitz, and at Boro-
dino, and became then the Aid-de-Camp OF Alexan-
der |. In 1875 he commanded regiment OF
horse-guards and was the first to appear at Its head
10 succor Nicholas against the insurgents. AT the
coronation in Moscow in 1S26 he was created
Count. In 1928 be commanded against Turkey
division of cavalry of the Guards and in l529 he
concluded the Peace of Adrianople. In 1881 he
| auenched very bloody instruction OF Russian
peasants, transformed into military colOnists, at
Staraia Russo, distant about two hundred miles
from ST. Petersburg, and thus almost at the gates
of the Capital. The same year Nicholas sent
Orlof to inquire into the condition of his army In
Poland, led unsuccessfully against the Polish in
surge nts by Marshal Diebitch, the envoy be-
ing empowered to transfer the command to
Pashkiewitch. Diebitch hereupon died oil
despair. intemperance and cholera, in the
camp: and few weeks later the Grand
Duke Constantine expired at Witebsk from
the same causes. The Poles attributed both
deaths to poison at the hands of Orlof; and this
tale so contrary to the character of the Car and
of OrloT, was picked up and embalmed in the
records of several European story-tellers. In
1882 OrlOf was sent to the Hague and London, to
4 i. 60 II H. ba11
for the separation of Belgium. In this mission his
courteous but proud aristocratic bearing was duly
felt by English good society. In 1888 he went to
COnstantinOple as Russian commander OF the expe-
dtion which saved the Sultan from the victorious
army of Ibrahim Pasha; and under his auspices
was concluded the treaty of Unkiar-Skelessi, which
he signed for Russia. In 1916, after the death
of Count Benkendorl, tho personal fayorte aud
companion of Nicholas in all his journeys, OrlOff
took his place, and was thus brought into daily
hourly contact with the Emperor, becoming the
commander of the corps Of gendarmerie or police,
surveying everybody and everything, the governed
as well as the governing officials of the empire.
In the Spring Of 1853 he accompanied Nicholas
to Olmiitz and Berlin, where the Gar settled the
diff rences between the Courts of Russia and Aus
ria Finally, when the Eastern question was
threatening in the Winter of the same year, Oroff
was sent on confidential mission to Vienna, to
feel the pulse of Francis Joseph and his Cabinet.
There he discovered that Baron de Meyendorf, the
Russian diplomat, was wholly Outwtted and kept
in the dark by Count BuOl-Schauenstein, the Bar
on's brothern-law, and that the Austrian Emperor
was bending visibly toward the Western Alliance.
The career of Count OrlOf has continually been
interviewer with the affairs of Turkey, and there
fore be is q natural representative of the Russian
spirit at the Peace Conferences Still his position
there will, to certain degree, be disagreeable,
as it will be obligatory upon hin to make cOnceS-
siOns, and to surrender advantages secured to
Russia through previous treaties concluded by him.
In personal appearance and in bodily strength,
Count Oro sa striking representative of his race.
OF bis physical powers we may form an idea from
the fact that in the cabinet of curiosties in the
Hermitage Palace at st. Petersburg, is preserved
thick roll Of silver once "A salyer, which the
Count rolled up bis knees, in playful way,
while converting with Nicholas during one of the
Imperial family gatherings at the Winter Palace.
The second Russian diplomat at the Congress is
the Baron dc BIunOw, late Russian Minister to
London He is the creature OF Orlof. The Baron
is descended from petty noble family in Cour
land and his start in life was far from being bril-
liant, dc he originally from a very inferior
position. During the Turkish campaign of 1927,
being in the chancery of the Russian Governor Of
tie Municipalities at Bucharest, he INDUCED in the
luxury OF some fat regulations for which be was