The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1856-09-07


conductor through wire intimately eoonee,ea MIN Tue
Garth IN the experiments mentioned 10 the oegnnng
o. this Iaper we may a. se - nc Other and that
this is preceded by negative wave, the result
the induction or repulsive ei ergy Of the ree eecey
which drives, were before II, according 70 tns
theory single fluid the natural electricity OF tue con
duc,or 1t is this negative wave or unsatnrated poruon
of matter which precedes the positive wave when ne
traizes il and tends prevent the natural repulso OF
the particles from dissparg them INTO surfo .ndng
space. The negative wave, however Is mum less ia
tense than the positive ana therefore, the knob
Of the small Jar which theNpIk receive be brougt
very near the conductor The negative win not be
sufficient rupture he intervening stratum Of air
hence in this case, but very partial naturalization will
take place. There Is, how ever, another action as We
shall see hereafter wb'A tends 10 diminish the final
quantity OF the lateral d.scharge.
u series OF experiments were afterwards made upon
electro dy manic Induction, in which induced current
wss produced IN conductor placed parallel to the pri
mary
iul account OF these experiments, amounting as they
did TO several hundred indeed may say thousands
would occupy time than tina. allotted TO this
occasion will however mention that the direction OF the
induced current was obtained by the magneza.ion Of
sewing needles in the axis OF magne.izng sprals, and
by tbe position Of the hole Ia pierced
card With the came strength OF charge and the same
ng,h OF ducors char was produced in the mag
netm of the needle by the mere change Of distance
by the proximity OF third c1ndactor, b. a
circuit Of the first conductor by break in the receiving
conductors again, when all the conditions we're apparent
same change i'll the size OF the needle and in the
simplicity and completely of the spiral would produce
oiilerer ce ia the direct! OF the magnetism.
these ults would lead 10 Inc CONCLUSION
the citation OF the needle could not be relied upon
indication OF the direction OF the discharge and yet
the result in the OF gavanic current Is always 50
definite na admitting the identity, or even the genera
snsogy the electrical and gavanic principles the ides
could readily be abandoned that these variations IL
tie magnetism not caused by some peculafites or
action in The current itself
From these results and all those have previously de
scrbed led after disprovng variety Of other ny
potheses Professionally adopted to the conclusion that all
electrical discharges were OF an oseiatory character
The adoption of this hypothesis enabled me to explain all
,Ia gsrc and led ms n
view various groups of results which before seemed
be in accordance with no law, or were apparently mex
picabe. -,
abundanty shown leads TO the result in the way Of
mathematical deduction that of two we may suppose
electricity to consist OF uid the quantity OF wnch =
slightly increased the inner side OF coated jar, Whe
L slightly diminished on the outer coating In me ac'
inside is rapidly precipiated through the conductor
On TO the outside, from this il again rebounds,
sending, as II were wave IN the opposite
direct IN the inside and again third ia the first di
recton fourth in the opposite, and so on each success
sive wave becoming less intense until the whole tyra
mic effect expended in the resta of the conductor
clear conception Of this mode OF action enables US 70
Indicate peo the direction of magnetism which viii
result in given needle when the circumstances
known and also enables US 10 so modify the cond on
that desired direction Of magnetism in any case, may
We are also enabled TO indicate the action of each osci
aton separately and to prove at least the existence u
the magnetism of the needle. To understand this
let US suppose that in the discharge Of Leyden
lar
greatest in amount and each less succession. To give
precision to our ideas, let suppose that with given
sized and given intensity Of discharge the rst wave
to have magnetzing power Of 0o the second Of so,
the third 900 end the fourth % and let further
suppose that the needle which We place in the spiral
which in this composed Of series OF single spires,
has a mag netc capacity Of leo units. Now IL /, evident
that there but one wave, and that the hrst the
needle would be msgnetized with the full power OF that
namely by the force indicated by l00 but If the
charge COM sts OF two waves, vizone OF +lo0 ann
the other Of 80 then the second wave will neuraze
Ct he
needle viii be Indicated by +5o.
this and the fourth to diminish It, But IT is probable
that the reflex will soon become too feeble in inter
y to the coerciveor retentve power Of the
hardened steel IT. however, in this case We consider
all The waves active the resultant magnetism viii be g.
or difference between the sum Of the plus and minus
waves. II increase the amount OF the charge
until beconer three times great and II We suppose
the waves the proportion. the mag
Letting capacity Of the needle remaining at loo then tn
gneng power of The four waves viii be representa-
BY -. 5000 :,
The nrst wave the needle TO saturaon
viz leo the second will neuraize the effect of TIT
wave and mpart $50, the third wave will neutrahzi
this and leave lilo; the fourth wave will again neutral
ize this 10, and leave %, as the hnal condition
OF the needle. or in other worea, the resulting
nsgnotism viii be ID II now we again increase The
Iower 81 the charge unnl amounts to seven fold, the
sgr etzrg power Of the several waves will be repre-
sented follows: +1U0 $50 4 40 -55.
In this case the DIS three will produce amrrnei
ism u 40, which the last will reduce 20 t5
hg rs as the resulting magnetism by increasing III
power Of each successive wave the fourth wave will be
come the dominant one ana the resulting magnetism, will
The same resul, may be produced by rendering IT,
spirals mere complex thus by increasing the numocr
pacity Of the reedle shall then have change the
aud the number Of spires is still further In
creased the third be exalted 10 impress
the ne. lie with the marnetism due 10 its direction.
In this way each succet ding wave may be made the
dominant and each change in the direction Of the
msgnttsm the needle. the number OF spires being
constantly incTtased while the charge remains OF the
intensity, will ircicaie an additional wave The
ssG Indicate viii be obtained gradually increase
int nsity CT the charge, the tpiras remaining the
same.
dies Of less and lees dimensions, in other words o.
smaller and smaller magnetic capacity.
To Stith the enect OF tho several wave
by single discharge Is only necessary to intro duca
into the circuit number OF msrnetzng spirals, each
successive one Of which cempoFcd OF less number Of
ppsscscb Of these being furnished with needle oil the
same size when the discharge made, the spires
OF the proper number We shall have series OF alterpa
tons In The direction Of The mas netism OF the needle,
II Introduce into he circuit number OF spiras,
each Of the number Of spires and furnish each with
needles Of sizcs gradually diminishing, we shall bave IN
this case also series 81 aeIna ons These differences
were fully verified by repeated experiments.
by placing in The lIc Of conductor, transmitting
discharge Of free electricity from machine, series Of
adusied MAJ netting sprals each char ged with aneede
OF The size, several oscillations were detected The
secondary wares this case, however appeared 70 DC
much ltts intense than The primary. will hence ap
pear that whenever tie electrical equilibrium restored
alter il has been disturbed by the actin Of some M
state OF normal equilibrium Of unsTm diffusion by q
series Of oscillations. This would Indicate inertia and
an actual transfer OF substan from one portion
Of SPACE 10 another. In the explanation q
the phenomena OF electricity and Of Light and heat the
simplest conception which entertain is that or
AL Itrvadpg ETHEREAL medium Of matter. the atoms Of
which state Of tenui.y and self rcpellant
So Iorg this equally drused throughout space AM
is At rest electrical phenomena are exhibited hut
when II n accumulated portion OF space ana d.
mnihed IN another electrical attraction and repusion
are the consequences and In the discharge OF eleric!
there IL actual transfer OF this ETHEREAL matter nom
part Of pace TO another and the equilibrium Il
then restored by q series OF oscillations pre-
cisely. analogous 10 the cessation Of motion in
air any Other elastic nud. Besides this transfer
the ethereal medium through spsce may conceive OF
disturbance all sides OF conductor propagated wave
iashJ and this may give rise to the dy manic irduon
produced by ctona electricity, Of which have before
spoben.
The electro dynamic induction in parallel wire b.
discharge OF ordinary electricity through long conduc
takes place At surprising distance single spark
OF electricity sent through long wire may be proved 10
disturb the electric equilibrium 81 space Of several
cubic miles in capacity In one experiment needles