M'arthur Democrat. (McArthur, Vinton County, Ohio) 1853-1865, 1856-01-10

gion, ia system OF educa ton. in legis
lation; aud in the forms OF political ad
ministrStion. and they continued 10 diff
in these respect when voluntsril
allied themselves as States to carry o
the war of the revolution.
The objects ofthat war to disenthnl II
United Colonie; from foreign rule which ha
proved to be oppressive, and to seperaie ther
pemenently from the mother county the pc
Ilitical result was the formation Of fedeH
rep1blic of the free white men Of the coloniS
constituted as they wen in distinct and II
cipIOcally independent State governments.
As for the subject races, whether Indian {
African the wise and brave statesman Of tha
day being engaged ia no extravsgeni schem
Of social change left them as they we've an
thus preserved themselves and their prospect
ty from The anarchy and the eyer-Tecurin
civil wars which have prevailed in the rev
Clution European colonies of America.
When the conGsderaled States found !
convenient 10 modify the conditions o
their associations. by giving to the geu
ersl government direct access, in Oo'nS
respects, to the people of the States as
such, the proceeded to frame the exist
ing constitution. adhereihg steadily I,
one guiding thought, which was, to de.
egate only such POWER as was necessu
ry, and proper TO the execution Of spec
ific purposes, or in other words,to re
tain as much as possible, consistent!
with those purposes, of the independ
ent powers Of the individual State
For objects Of common defence aid Sc
curity, they in'rusted TO the general
government contain carefully defiet
functions, leaving all others as tn,
unbelegeled rights OF tie Sc perste in
dependent sUvereigntiee
Such is the constitutional theory o
our government, the practical observ
ance Of which has carried US, and III
alone among modern republics, thrOugl
nearly three generations Of time. with
out the cost Of one drop Of blood sheC
in civil war. With freedom and cOncer
of action, it has enabled US to content
successfully on the battlefield agains
foreign foes, has elevated the lrebl,
colonies into powerful Statates, and hal
raised our industrial productions, and
our commerc which transports them, t.
the level Of the richest ami the creates
nations Of Europe. And the admirabl
adoption of our political institutions I,
their objecas, combining local self gov
eminent with aggregate strength, ha
established :he practicability ofa gov
erRment like ours TO cover continen
with confederate States.
The Congress Of the United Staes is
in effect, that congress of sovereigntie
which good men in the Old World hay,
sought for, but could never attain, anC
which imports to America an exemption
from the mutable leagues for common
action from the wars, the mutual inva
sions, and vague aspira tios after th'
balarce Of power which cOnvulse fron
time to time the governuents ol Europe
Our co opera i've action rests in the con
ditions of permanent conledsracy pre-
served by the constitution. Our balance
of power is in the Seperate reserved
rights Of the States, and their equal
re presen..sstion in the Senate. That in
de peuIenI sovereignty is every one c!
the States, with its reserved fights ol
local selfgovernment assured to each
by their CO equal power in the Ssuute,
was the fundamental codition Of the
constitution. Without it the Union
would never have existed. However de-
sirous the larger States might be TO re-
organize the government SO as to give Ia
their population its proportionate weigl
in the common councils, they knew il
was impossibl; unless they conceded to
10 tbs smaller ones authority TO exercise
at least d negative influence on all the
OF the government; whether
for executive, through thel:
equal representatives ju the Senate.
Indeed the larger States themseIVe'
could not have failed to perceive, 'ha'
The same power was equally necessary
TO them, for the security of their owI
domestic interests ogainst the aggregate
force of the general government, in
word, tie original States, went into
This permanent league on agreed prem
scs, OF exerting their common strength
for the defence of the whole, and all ITS
pats; but Of utterly excluding all capa-
DiIlity Of reciprocal aggression. Each
;olemnly bound itself TO all The others,
neither to undertake, nor permit any
,ncroachment upon, or iatermeddliGg
with another's reserved rights.
Where II was deemed expedient par
.icuIar rights Of the States were express
8 guaranteed by the constitution; but,
u all things beside, :hese rights were
guarded Oy limitation OF the rowers
granted, and by express reservation. Of
Ill powers not granted, in the compact
of Union. Thus, the great power OF tax
Ition was limited to purposes Of COM
non defence and general welfare exclu'
ling objecls apper;ainig to the local
egislstion of line several States; aud
hose purposes Of general welfare and
common defence were afterwards defed
~ specific enumeration as being matters
,nly of correlation between the States
he emselves, or between them and for
sign governments, which, because Of
heir common and general nature, could
rot be left to the sepeTate control OF
zach State.
Of the circumstances Of local condi.
lion, interests and rights, in which a
portion OF the States, constituting one
great section of the Union differed
from the rest, and from another section,
the most important wasthe peculiarly