The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1856-08-22

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- E xoaen bu,diprs are made for other purposes
sh.r srs,stic eject and 10 them the estheuc must be
pleasure be derived from sense OF Atap
iston and atness, combined with perception OF mar
mony Of parts and the beauty Of detail
The buildings Of . country should Dc an ethnoloHcal
expression Of The wants habits art and sentiment Of the
time in which they erected Those o. Egypt Greece
and Rome were intended least In part without the arr
OF prntjpg 70 transmit 70 pcstety idea Of the chac
Ter Of the periods which they were erected was by
these monuments that these nAons scusns 70 an
idea Of their religious and political sentiment O future
The Greek architect was uaummeliod By any condition
uf uttfy Architecture with him, in reality, trs,
art. The temple was formed to CRAFTY the popular dctl
me miputest parts were exqmsisey fashad, rvice
nsr,,cuisr osn grsy an ali seaug and critical go II
psed for external worship, and not interval USE
wtout windows. and entirely epen 70 tho sky, or
4 closed with q roof the light was merely admitted
through large door, There were 40 arrsn(smen for
heating ventilation me uses, therefore 20 which 10
modern timee, buildings of this kd can D applied are
excsodugly few and though thsy Effects Of great
beussy and fully realized the -tentouW the architect
w. Ssss S prinps.s which should
govern IN architectural adaptation.
Every vestge Of ancient architecture which now re-
mains the acs OF the earth should be preserved with
religious tut servely copy cnose and " attempt
apply them the of daF, IS - preposterous
TO attemV. 70 harmonize the refinement OF civil
izston Of the present age with The superstition Of the
times Of the Pharohs II Is only when building ex
presses The dominant sentiment o. an age, Sn men
outward expression Of it, character that
Il ID enNessc 20 admiration It has been apt'y sad
that IL thing 70 adopt particular sye OF aIcnl-
lecture but very derent<ne 70 adapt IT 70 the par
pose iu.ended.
OF the people and IN cases with the ciimae but
also with the material De employd in construction
The4ntroducon OF iron sad glass requires entirely
different style that which sprung from the canes OF
Egypt the masses OF marble from VIII CD the hntes OF
The reciaDs temples formed, or the introduction OF
The great tepaci,y power OF resistance TO crushing
Of BUILDING material should point out Tor u r
1,o,aAp aanf nf
psrts An entire by;ldpg Of IRON fashioned imitation
Of stone might erected small expense Of invention
is trr hfuln ess or originality Tho same may be Aid Of
modern pastcbeard edihces IN which, with their bat
Elements towers Snnaces fretisd rocis ana long sIawn
aisles cheap and transient msgpidcence produced by
painting ood or decorated pisster must not, now
ever indulge remarks Of this KIDD but must curb my
feelings regard TO this subject, since speak from Pc
Guitar experience.
Blu. 10 return to the subject Ct acoustics applied to
spaI intended for public speaking While sound,
in connection with It's anadgies with light aud in its alb
stract principles has been nves ga;ed witain the last
nifty years with rich harvest OF results, lew attempts
have beea sr.y made TO apply III ee principles TO
practical purposes Though We may have clear IDEA Oh
The abstract operation OF law OF natare, CT when the
suits frequently transcend powers OF Logic, and VIC
obliged appeal 10 experiment and observation not
~ these which have been arrived by logical deduction
Furthermore, though We may know the manner in when
GAUGE acts to produce given en c. yes IN All caset We
Obliged to ascertain the measure Of effect unce given
The science Of acoustics ss applied to buildings, per
sciesthhc principles with experimental deductions.
While on the eDe hand the simple deduc-
tons from the es+st l,shed principles Of acoustics
woeld be unsafe fro1 . want Of knowledge OF
The constants which nto formula the ether
hand empirical data alone are IN this caro- entirely V
fault of this any person may be convinced who will
eIsnhe the several works written acoustics by those
who deemed practical men.
Sound is a motion Of matter capsule Of affecting he
With sensation peculiar that il is not in all
cases simply motion Of the air, for there many
IN tfgn he 4 For
the impulses which are conveyed along rod Of wood
IRON burning FORK to the teeth. When SQUAD IS pro-
duced single mpulse. approximation 70 single
npulse, II Is called poise-when . series OF impulses
continued sound, 6c u the IEpcses are eqra' IN du
been illustrated by quill striking against the teeth OF
wheel. rirgle Impulse from tooth IL noise from
ali the teeth are at seuai and the velocity
wheel Is Uniform, then rrscsl the result Each
OF .hsse sounds 10 Produced by the human voice,
hough they apparently run INTO each other. Usually,
Of short duration are eni,ted-escn syllable OF
OF apprecsbe duration, and each compound word and
sentence aseemblge Of sach sounds II Is astonishing
that in listening 10 discourse the receive
many impression 10 the course OF second and that the
mind can take cagn.xAnce or and conquer Them.
ILsf certain orce q sapuise ana certain time Tor
PRECISION on the Is evident; bat may be doubted
whether the impression Of ssound gu this organ rs re
aned sppressy longer than the continuance OF the
puse iueL GUr.an. not longer than the lioth OF a
cord. II this the case is difficult 10 conceive
suishes man nom he over animals. should moi All the
VIII a lion 5ionous hum but whether the cont
nses 70 vbraie, or whether the impression remains
certain time on the Acssogusn certain that ound
Il entirely instantaneous result Of a single
impression particularly enclosed spaces. Every i'm.
puhe must give rise 20 forward, and Afterwards 70 .
backward motion The atom. Tho iupulse rot only
communicated 10 he car bat 70 al bodies around, which
in turn, Themselves become centres Of reflected i'm
pulses.
Sound from single explosion in air equally elastic on
al sdes iendsto expand eqaally in every direction bat
xE1rt la al fxwIa
ton though an expansion takes place al sides Il Is
much more intense N The line Of tue impulse. For
ample, the impulse of single explosion, Ike that Of the
decoration II bubble OF oxygen propaga,ed equally
IN al directisns While the discharge Of a while
heard ON every SIDE s much louder 10 tie direction OF
the axis SO also, person speaking IL heart much
distinctly IN 'front.' than az equal distance behind.
Many experiments have been made on his point and
may mention those repeated 10 the open spa In 'front.' CT
the smltLgonan Institution 10 circle CO hurdrcd iscl
IN diameter the speaker Ia tbt ccntre and tho bearer ia
different POINTS n the circumference the
lees either side until in rear Il vas scarcely
audible The rates OF distance fer distinct hearing Of
rec,y n front 90 tie sdss and II the about
100, Is and 80.
rhoee numbers may serve to determine the form in
which sudgcce sbo I'D arranged 10 open hei IN
order that those On the periphery Of the space may all
have hike favorable opportunity q hearing tholgl II
snou1 ~ bs F.o thse a. me Interior form q an
apartment, n ~hch rejecting wall would be behind the
speaker.
The Impulse producing requires time f,r It's pro
ragaion ard thuG dpcns upon the intensity e. repu
sion among the Etons; and, secondly, tbs spech
purity Of The matter iisef II tie medium we're entirely
rigid sound would be propagatsd i1etsntaneously The
weaker the feplson between the atoms the creator T
be Tie tine required 10 transmit the taosyn from
the other and the heavier the atoms the greater will b
the tmc required for tho action q given ~ pro
6uce In tbtm gwen amount OF NOTICE sou ID, slso IN
meeting al obstacle IS rejected IN accordance with the
Law Of Light making The angle ~ incidence equal the
angle Of reflection The tas.deEcy, however diver
geDcy a single bean u s9und, appears 10 be mach
greater taan that n ease Of Light. The IA r. how
ever appears 70 be definitely observed 10 the or al
bcans that are reflected In direction near the perpsn
dcuar. u the o. tho propagation snd refec.
bOn u sound, TIA, the philosophy OF echo de9oads.
Knowing The velocity n sound, v an easy stnr 10
calculate the interval ~ tine which Ella 2ses bet~een
the original mgaiec aud The return VI the echo. Sound
moves al the rate % l.l25 eet IN a second a. the
tmpcr1ture of 90 degrees IL therefore we stand az
hall ibis oBtancc before wa, the echo will return
~ in one second Hs however, fact known from
versal cxEeTenoc thai 70 echo u perceytbie f1ou
wall, thOuki In sl ust be sent back 20 the
ear; the reason ~ this " IN VIC crnnot distinguish
the difference between the similar sounds as for ex
ample that Som the original impulse and It's reflection
u they follow each other NJ lees uan given interval
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