Demoine courier., 1856-01-10


States. The Congress Of the United
States 10 in fac, the Congress Of sover
eigns which good men Of The old World
have sought for, but could never obssin,
and which imparls - America an exemp-
lion from The mutual leagues for cnm-
mon action-from the waTs, the mutual
invasions, and vague aspirations after
The balance Of power, which convUlsed
from time To time the governments Of
Europe. Our cooperative action rests
on the conditions Of perman en-, confed
e.acy prescribed by the Constitution
Our balance Of power 10 in The corpora
tive reserved rights of the States, and
their equal representation in the Senate.
That independent sovereignty in every
n Of the States, with it's reserved righls
of local self governu ens assured to each
by their coequal power in the Senate,
was the fundamental condition Of the
Constitution. Without il the Union
would never have existed. However
cesirous the larger States might be TO or
ganize the government, 50 as to give TO
their population It's proportional weigh,
IN The common couurils, they knew il
was impossible unless they conceded TO
one authority |, exercise a
negative influence in all the measures Of
the government, whether Legislative or
executive, through their equal represen.
ia,ion in the Senate. Indeed, the large
States them,elves could no, have failed
to perceive that The same power was
necessary to them for tho secu-
rity Of their own domestic interests
against the aggregate force Of The general
government. In q word the original
States weri into This permanent law on
the agreed promise Of exer,ing their com
strength Tor The defence o: the whole
aud Of all It's parts, but Of utterly exclu
ding all capablli,y of reciprocal aggres.
sion. Each solemnly bound itself 10 all
The others neither TO undertake nor per-
nit any encroAchmeni upon or informed.
ding with ano.her's reserved rights
Where i. was deemed expedien,. partic-
ular rights Of The States were ssly
guaranteed by the Constitution; bu, all
things besides these rights were guaran-
Iced by the Limitation Of the powers OF
government and by express reservation
OF oil powers not granted in the compac,
VI union. Thus the great power Of
taxation was limited 10 purposes Of CON-
tefences Of the general veal, ex
Guiding objects appsar,aining to the To-
cal legislation Of the several S,ases, and
those purposes Of general welfare and
common defense were after warGs defined
By specified enumeration as being mat
tiers only of correlation between The
themselves, or between them and
governments, which. because OF
their common and general nature, could
be lef. 10 The separate control of each
State.
Of The circumstances Of local condi-
tian, interests and rights. ic which a por
lion OF the States constituting one great
section OF the Union, differed from the
rest and from sno her section, The mo
important was the peculiarly Of . larger
relative colored population in the South
ern than in the Northern Sta.es. A pop.
~ula.ion Of this class. held 10 subjecion,
existed in nearly all the States, bu. was
more numerous. and was of more serious
concernment. in HE South than in the
North, OF account Of natural differences
of climate and 2roducnon; and ii was
found that for some reasons Tor which
this population would diminiah and soon.
er or later cease to Exist in some States,
it might increase in Others. The pecu.
liar character ard magnitude OF this in
fluxion Of LEGAL right. not in material re-
la,ions only. but still more ir social ones,
caused it to enter into the special siipu-
laiions of the Constitution. Hence
viii 9 the General Government, as well
by The powers enumerated as by those
not enumerated. was forbidden 10 touch
this matter in the sense Of attack or Of.
fence. il was placed under the general
safeguard OF the Union, in the sense Of
defence against either invasion or do
nestle violence. like other interests OF
the several States. Each Slate express
ly stipulated az well for itself ~ each
and all of i,s cilizens, aud every citizen
Of each State became solemnly bound by
allegiance 10 the Constitution, that, any
person held 10 service or labor in one
Stale. and coming iAto another, should
nol. in consequence Of any law or reku.
la.ion thereof, be discharged from such
service or labor, bur should be delivered
upon claim Of the party 10 whom such
service or labor nigh. be due by the
laws OF his State. Thus, anc thus only,
by the reciprocal guarantee Of all the
tights Of every State against interference
on the par. of another, was the prssen'
form Of Government established by our
fathers and transmitted 10 us, and by no
other means is i. possible for i, 10 exist.
If m Stale ceases 10 respec. The rights
Of another, offsnnvely intermediates with
It's local inserests-lf q portion Of The
States assume 10 impose their institutions
on the Others, or refuse to fulfil their OBJ.
l%igalions-to Them we are no longer uni.
ted in friendly bonds, but distracted,
hostile. and with capacity left Of com
mon advantage, but ca abundant means
Of reciprocal injury and mlschief.-
Practically y, il is imnalerial whether there
is aggressive inie .ference between the