The Ottawa free trader. [volume] (Ottawa, Ill.) 1843-1916, 1856-01-05

To their Objects, combining local sclf-govern-
ment with aggregate strength, has establish,
ed the practicability Of government like
ours TO cover continent with confederate
States. The Congress Of the United States
is in effect that Congress Of sovcrc.ns which
good men Of the Old World have sought for,
but could never obtain, and which imparts
TO America an exemption from the mutual
leagues for common actiOn-irom the wars,
the mutual Invasions, and vague aspirations
after the balance Of power, which con
yulSel from time 10 time, the governments
of tnrop". Our cooperative action rests on
the conditions OF permanent conftlcracy
prescribed by the constitution. Our balance
Of power is in the cooperative reserved
rights of the States and their equal repre-
sentation ia the Senate. That independent
sovereignty in every one Of the States. with
its reserved rights Of local selfgoyernmc ut
assured TO each by their co.equal power in
the Senate, was the fundamental condition
Of the constitution. Without it the Union
would never have existed. However dcsir-
Gus the larger States might DC TO organize
the government, so as to give to their popu.
lation ITS proportional weight in the common
councils, they knew II was impossible unless
they conceded to the smaller ones authority
to exercise at least a negative inil fence in all
the measures OF the government, whether
legislative or executive. through their equal
representation in the Senate Indeed, tho
larger States themselves could not have failed
to perceive that the same power was equally
necessary to them for the security Of their
own domestic interests, against the aggrc.
gate force Of the general government. In n
word, the original States went into this per
mancnt law on the agreed promise Of exert.
ing their common strength FOR the defense Of
the whole and Of all its parts, but of utterly
excluding all eapabilty Of rccipro'",, Azores.
sion. Each solemniy bon, ,is,lr 70 az tho
others neither to ".ndcr,aKc nor permit any
'"oi'''h'''"'.'s .pon or intvrmcddline with
auo'"ers reserved rights Where it was
dec,ncd cXpcdcnt, particular rights of the
States were expressly guaranteed by the
constitution; but all things beside these
rights were guaranteed by the limitation Of
the powers Of government and by express
reservation OF all powers not granted in the
compact OF union. Thus the great power Of
taxation was limited to purchase Of common
dcicnses OF the general veal, excluding OBJ
jccts appCrtaining to the local legislation of
the several States, and those purposes Of
general welfare and common defense were
afterwards defined by specified enumeration
as being matters only Of correlation between
the States themselves, or between them and
foreign governments, which, because Of
their common and general nature, could not
bc left to the separate clntrOl Of each State.
Ofthc circumstances Of local condition, in
tcrcsts, and rights, in which aportion Of the
states constituting one great section Of the
Union, differed from the rest and from anoth-
er section, the most important was the pecu-
llarlty OF larger relative cOlOred population
in the southern than in the northern states
\ population Of this class, held in subsection
existed in nearly all the states, but was more
numerous, and of more serious cOnccInment,
in the south than in the north, on account Of
natural differences Of climate and production;
and it was found that for the same reasons
for which this population would diminish
and sooner or later cease 10 exist IN some
states, IL might increase in others. The pc
culiar character and magnitude Of this in
iIuXon Of local right not in material rcla-
tons only, but still more in social ones caused
it to enter into the special stipulatons Of the
constitutions iithce, "hle 'he sehe'aI gov
e'hiheh'' rs "e'' ny inc powers enumerated
rs ~ U'o,o "o' ,"",''' "''u' was 'ofo'Guc"
10 'oucH 'h'' Hia'tei va the sense oil ATTACK or
""'h,'' II was laccd uhucr inc general SAFE
ena'u oil inc Ch'oh, III 'le SENSE "i Gefthce
aSa'"st eNner 'H'SlIoil or doh'eauc 'lolchce,
like other interests Of tie several states. -
i''cn S'"'c 'NPI'SnE s"Pu'a'tu as we'' lot
tsV'' 10 c'1'' "''t "' " 10 ''"~I"H' I'I o'c'y
'''I''" - 80 o''''' 'o'''''' so1"'", oo""'
=! No ''S,'''e W s''e '''IAI''u'io'', 'h'' any
pt'So'' 't'u 70 Se'''tG VI Ia'or IN oI'c STATE
anu COMING '"'o ",'"''''' 'noU,d ho'' III con
s.lIshIe oI any "a" or reputation thereof
w "'S'"',' ~" rom 7ue' se'''oe VI 'a"o',
on. s''oo,u oo ns',e''u up VI cam oi tne
PAY. " .T''' suI' " VI 'Dp. i''su5
u "" quo ~ tu' t'"a y. MS 7'a'e' mus anu
,'u. o'i'!' - ,"Y iVS,p. oeal .'''.'eI VI az
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