The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1856-01-25


with that of tue storms Of the Northern hemisphere.
Reonsld Is Of the opinion that the recurrAtoa Of
storms between the parallels Of 20 and 80 degrees north
Ct land and is Ito be ascrbed mainly the me
rected with the rotetve and orbita movements Of the
different parts Of the earhs surface" (Ava Nag,
In the American Coast Pilot edition Of 1887, pp 6es
6o7, M Redheld furthermore ssys-"rhe Gulf StreAm
iren Florida TO Newfoundland Is for the most part
in the opposite direction in its progress from the Polar
regions. By it action the great stream OF drift loo
the PIs. B;sH i brought ga i dis.
perhaps owes its origin to the deposites which have
suited from this precess during long course OF ages
current their rapid obstruction s here effected BY the
tep'd water of the Gulf Stream. These two streams
Of current Like other currents both atmospheric and
aqueous Iursue each its dssrInnate courss-the alf
Sure being thrown eastward by the gres rotative
velocity, which it acquired in atiudes nearest the equa-
tor and the Polar current beng along
the shores and soundrgs Of the American continent and
s contiguous ocean depths by the taTdy rotation witch
it derived In higher ATTITUDES Were the influence OF
winds wholly unelt upon the ocean, il il pr bsbe that
the system would still be maintained in I'll its
sents features by the mechanical Influence Of the eArths
And Lieut.. M +. Maury in paper on the Gulf Stream
and currents Of the read before National Insti
tute April 1874 says" geodeti: examination as to
the Of the Gulf Stream does not render it by any
certain that is turned aside bv the Grand Banks
OF Newfoundland at ALL but that In its route from the
Of Georgia towards the shores Of Europe
its path has been silly 1t describes the
arc Of great circle a. nearly - may BE- Following the
line Of direction given to after clearing the Straits Of
Floida its would be nearly great circle pass
ing through the poles Of the earth. That it shou b
turned from this and forced along inclnng more to
the east requires after leaves 6ese straits the
Of force 10 give 1t this eastward tendency; and
different parallels perform their daily rounds about their
axis In consequence Of this the stream, when first
enters the Atlantic from the Gulf is carried with the
around its axis ct the rate of two miles and hat
a minute faster towards the east than it Is whom IL
sweeps by the Grand Banks Of Ne sfounoland.
"That this explanation, as to its eastward tendency
should hold good current setting from the North to-
the South. should have westward tendency, ac-
cm the las At sh.h Srsnt are sh
ed around in ciurna motion, We find the current from
the North which meets the Gull Stream ON the Grand
Banks taking westerly direction already de-
scbed It down TO the Tropics BY the side OF the
Cult Stream and stretches as far to the West as oar
That this theory of ro.atve influence, may, may
not be correct It is not my province to discuss, but
forcbly struck with these condolences Of
ton, when the tracks OF the Gulf Stream and Kuro-
Siwo, together with the paths of hurricanes. were
traced 4g.a the same ,o chart and have made
EN-. a,ned by OF the eminent men who have
gveo much attention and study to the subject and from
conviction that they in some measure at least sus
tsne by the results OF observations upon the Kuro
Siwo for notwithstanding the condguraon Of the East
of the continents of America and Asia
doubeoy the original cause o, the deae,t to the
norhw~rd of the whole Of the equatorial current of the
Atlantic by the Gulf Stream and of portion Of that of
ipfuer such Mr. Redeld and Lieut. Msury refer
operating upon these streams would their nstu
Ial ncr the inertia Of their westward 10 be
hug the coasts and wash their whole length to the
Arctic sea, until that inertia overcome by their
tric.n against the continents Yet this e cot the case
Bache, in his last address, that . counter current
fcwing to the southwark and westward, intervenes
between The Gulf Stream and the coast OF the United
States rs Tar the peninsula Of Florida and have
before stated far obser gations extend they
prove concusvey that there is very important
iWoa nd he mali
coast OF Asia.
Another resemblance between the Gulf Stream and the
kuroSwo is to be found in the strata Of cold water lying
in the longitudinal direction OF these streams Those OF
the former determined by observations made by the
Coast Survey, and traced upon the diagram
papyIg the annual report Of Prof. Bache for 1854 from
which TIE present denestion has been copied. have
represented those Of the latter as deter mined BY the
uon from which also, in fact, have traced the whole
outline OF the KuroSwo from its origin about the south
end of Formosa to the Straits OF Sanger.
am not precisely aware of what the thermal change
is in passing into from, these cold strata in the Cult
Stream but those in the Kuro Siwo indicated by
depression only few degrees in the water thermo-
meter and therefore should properly be termed
coc Iata compared With the rest Of the stream for
In all instances these strata maintain superior tenn
perature to the atmosphere above them and the hyper
borean current is have supposed entirely separated
of Sangar to the westward Of the Japan Islands, am
inclined to think that there counter current under
lying the kurowo is the With the Gulf Stream.
This however, only be determined by experiments
with the deep sea thermometer and the usual appara-
tus for determining submarine currents Of which
were made by the expedition its special object of
primary Importance ard all other subjects within the
field OF observations necessarily Of subordinate
sideraton obliged TO made as opportunity
and the ordinary facilities Of situation would permit
Lieut. N. F. Msury says that "the maximum tempera-
of the Gulf Stream SO deg about 80 deg above
the ocean temperature due TO the latitude" THIS
maximum temperature comedies with that Of ths Kuro
siwo, shown by the daily of observations
Swo and the ''ocean temperature due the latitude"
Ia, by the observations, shown to be greater,
amounting on an average to about II deg,
There ia floating seaweed found In the Kuro-Siwo
similar appearance to the fttca n0tdns Of the Gulf
Stream, but the specimens collected by the expedition
we're unfortunately lost before being submitted TO bota
nists for examination and il is therefore yet undeter
mined whether they are identical or not
a. s to Ss d
tory, and the officer who conducted most OF
our surveys the Coast of Japan, found sprigs
The influence OF the Kuro-Siwo upon the climates or
Japan and the west coast Of North America is might
the coasts bordering the North Atlantic From the in
sular position of Japan, with the intervening be-
tween it and the continent Of Asia has equable
climate than we enjoy in the United States; and since
the counter current Of the Kurowo make its
appearance the Eastern shores of the islands, South
of the straits of sangar and these islands, in their
geographical petition, have Eastwardly direction
than coast the Kuro Siwo unlike the Gulf Stream,
ths Doon Of the emnp enoves in
pording ATTITUDES in the United States.
The softeniHg influence OF the Kuroswo is felt the
perhaps, than that Of the Gulf Stream the of
Europe owing to the greater width of the Pacific
over the Atlantic
STILL the winters mild in Pugets Sound, in ati-
tude 48 deg North that rarely falls there and the
Inhabitants enabled to fiji their ice houses for
the summer and vessels trading to Petropaulows and
the coast Of Kamtskatka, when becoming unweldy from
accumulation Of ice their hulls and rigging,
to higher latitude the American thaw out
in the same manner that vessels frozen up
coast retreat again into the Gulf Stream until favored by
an eastery wind
And in the last annual address of the distinguished
President of this society the Rev DR.. Hawks when
speaking of the routes for railroad to the At
anc States with the Pacific coast cites the remarks Of
Mr. Johnson and other eminent surveyors TO ahow
that the precipitation OF moisture the westward
of the Rocky Mountains, in Oregon Territory, is
with rare exceptions in the form Of rain throughout
are from the Westward, they unquestionably
ameorated by the waters Of the KuroSwo, which
lmpinging upon the Aeutian kands thence thrown
against the shores OF Oregon and California, and form
the southery current those coasts to again fall into
the great equatorial current Of the Pacific.
The whole the kuro-Swo is not, however obstruct-