New-York daily tribune. [volume] (New-York [N.Y.]) 1842-1866, 1856-09-17
THE STATE OF EUROPE.

IL -
IN. .c.ue of important events 14arng the |
,r..ent wear, short review OF the political parties
- not he superfuous. Mazzini in spite Of his
s..nsrt failures, is still the idol of the youth, and
N, many sdherents among the educated middle
~sa,ses, lawyers, physicians, surveyors engineers
and professors, principally at Genoa, hs birthplace
where RepubGcsnism is traditional and in the Papal
s.ates. His system Of renewed partial rsings,
which swell the list Of the martyrs for Italy, may
be mpracticable, but certainly it shows that his dis
siples are ready to die for their political faith. In
LOmbardy il is the town population which ne inhu-
euces. The farmers, stupid and selfish, hate 'le
Austrisns, and principally their tax-coectors' o"'
politically they belong to no party. Ihe incesSan'
conspiracies give great uneasness to the Austrahs'
Who ace the arch-consprator's traces, everywhere
without ever being able to discover the chah"elS y!
which secret societies find their way INTO c.oi!
town of LOmbsrdy. Mazzins plans are llosv %
siduously crossed by the Jesuits, VINO "oaS P' 20
cipally upon the illiterate lower orders, 'u , 80
raise them against the middle classes by the war
90" :. pai;""a ;s in danger" The Austrian Con-
corast has ,ts origin next to the personal ogotry VI
Franc;s Josepb i'm the fear vi the principles oi
Democracy. which according to some continental
statesmen cannot be thwarted but oy tnc
Jesuits, and by their influence upon the lower
classes. The arstocracy of the Romagna, Oh
Tnscanv and the Duches, and principally OF Lom-
hardy are as hostile to Mazzn as to the foreigners
They cling TO the King of Sardinia, and to the dpo-
matte action of England and France, though they
Know that the King of Sardinia has no higher ann
than to annex the Duchess and at best to establish
q kingdom of Upper Italy. Formerly the Italian
aristocracy had no political weight whatever and
pusillanimOusly submitted to any and every power
able to establish itself in the capitals but recently
we find that encouraged by the speeches oil the d.
plomatists of the Paris Conference, the most infu-
entail landed prOprietOrs in the Roman States nave
taken the lead in petitoning the Pope to remove the
foreign armies from his domni0ns. Inc roman
papers deny this fact but the truth has O0zed out,
and we cannot doubt the correctness of the report
about remonstrances coming from Bologna Rimlni,
Franzs AncOre and FOrti against the Austrian oc-
cupation as some Of the earlier friends OF Mazznl
have likewise turned Sandman partlsans; TOR IN.
stance, Garibaldi, MANN OF Venice and Montahelh
of Tuscany. They think that the Sandman army
NAV become the nucleus around which, so soon as
any European difficulty arises in Italy, the popular
forces can unite and become strong enough 10 car
nv the King of Sardinia beyond the narrow
bounds Of his present ambition. AS to Naples, the
Euratist schemes begin to rpen, the veil OF secrecy
is already thrown off, and meeting OF the
principal sympatbzers is just about to take place
at ix-les- Bains@n Savoy. Murat himself will be
there, and with him Sahicete, late Minister of Ma
pies and late friend of Mazzin MOntanelli is like
wise to be present, while, as learn from the most
trustworthy sources, Count CavOur, the Minister OF
Victor Emmanuel, secretly favOrs the scheme. 1t
seems that Murat's ambition is satisfied with the
prospect of the Neapolitan throne; and accordingly
he is no pretender for Sicily, which might be given
to the House of Cargnan TO son OF the King OF
Sardinia. 1t is evident that unless Napoleon were
o party to the conspiracy of Murat, Sardinia would
prevent political meeting which cannot fail to give
20 tbo Of No nd 70 ho Of
Austria. In fact, the relations between Piedmont
and Lombardy are becoming so hostile that collision
can scarcely be avoided in the long run. Radetzky
Ia terrifying Piacenza, which legally belongs to the
Duchess of Parma, and concentrating his troops
on the Pieamontese frontier. The Sardinians on
the other hand, fortify Aessandra, and keep their
army on the war footing, while the political papers
OF Turin and Genoa, and of Vienna and Milan, use
"a hard language as if war had already been de-
declared. Napoleon, who holds the reins in his
hands, stays at Biarrtz in the Pyrenees, and seems
to be as yet undecided whether the hounds Of war
shall be once more let loose whether he
may be able TO have King BOInba expelled from
Naples without endangering the Pope and with
cut shaking the Austrian Empire. Murats
principal hopes rest in the discussions be-
tween the NeapOlitan and Swiss soldiers, and in
the general contempt in which the King is held.
Ferdinand is not only cruel and stupid but at the
same time grandiloquent and cOwardly. Poor Cen
eral Pepe often described how, when in 1S4S Bonn
has constitutional Minister advised him to declare
war against Austria and to join the King of Sar-
DINA in order to free Italy from foreign domination,
he strutted along his palace frettng and OCCASION
ally excaiming: Il" l never shall submit to the die
station Of Parliament; have been born free, and
Stree shall de-" His Ministers requested him to
give a decisive answer, and he repeated once more
most solemnly the same words. Upon this, Pope
and his colleagues bowed to withdraw, when he
suddenly Gained himself and quietly gave orders to
have the declaration of war prepared. Seeing that
the plan Of bullying his Ministers did not succeed,
he submitted to the pressure from without Still
he is popular with the mob. The lazzarOni of Ma
ples have always sided with "the King and the
ssVireiniMary." n Re Q Ia Saatissima Pergine is
their rallying watchwOrd, for they are fully aware
that constitution and liberty imply toll and exer
6on while they like to live upon aims, rich mOnas
ferries, occasional bounty from royalty and petty
larceny. The Siciians are probably the most hardy
Of all Italians, and best prepared for successful
rising, Murat has no party in the island, but in
Naples he may count upon the subaltern officers of
the royal troops the mercenary Swiss always ex-
cepted.
ODonnell in Spain has, after short hesitation,
thrown himself into the arms OF AbsOlutism. He
believed for moment that he might cOnciliate the
Progresistas, but was soon overpowered by the in
trigues of the Court. Narvaez will soon supplant
him, and, followed by the ex-Queen Christina and
her minions, reintrOduce the reign of bigotry pub
he plumber and barefaced corruption.
Such being the circumstances of Europe, all the
Liberals look now with increased interest across
the Atlantic anxious about the results Of the Pres
idental campaign. 1t is so well understood that
Buchanans triumph would imply the downfall of
Liberty, and the Inauguration OF the reign of Des-
oral paper in Europe which would withhold its SYM
pathes from Fremont and Freedom So In England