Semi-weekly standard. [volume] (Raleigh, N.C.) 1853-18??, 1856-01-05

s .SHa Us o which would result sss It i
again presented for consderation Of ConNete
NAVY. ~ ts ~
The report of the Secretary Of the Navy herewith cub
mted exhibits in full the naval operations 0f the past
year, together with the present condition of the service
and makes suggestions Of further legislation, to which
The construction of the six steam gates for which a
propositions made by the last Congress- has proceed
tion as to warrant the belief that they will be ready for
service early in the coming spring. important as this ad
the contingent exgences Of the protection Of extern.
and vast commercial interests of the United
Wisdom Of the policy Of gradual and Systematic
of the navy appropriation is recommended tor the
struction Of six steam soops,ofwar
Congress to promote the efficiency of the is
cessay for to than to express entire
in the observations that the
Secretary in his report.
POST OFFICE
1t will be precevcd by the report of the Postmaster Gen.
era that the gross expenditure of the department for the
last fiscal year was nine million nine hundred and sixty
eight thousand three hundred and frtywo dollars and
the gross receipts seven million three hundred and forty
two thousand hundred and thrtysx dollars making
an excess of expenditure receips of two million six
hundred and twcntys'x thousand two hundred and six
dollars and that the cost of mail transportation during
that year six hundred and Thousand
hundred and ytwo dollars greater than the previous
year. Much of the heavy expenditures to which the Trea-
sury is thus subjected be ascrbed the large quantity
of printed matter conveyed by the nails either ranked
liable +" no postage by Sw to very low rates Of post
cost of mail service railroads and by
The suggestions Of General the subject
deserve the consideration Of Congress.
The report of the Secretary Of the Interior will engage
your attention. well for useful suggestions it contains
as for the interest and importance Of the subjects which
they refer.
The aggregate of public land sold during the
last fiscal year. located with military script land
rants taken up under grants for roads, and selected
swamp lands by States. is twentyur million five hundred
and thousand four hundred and nine of
which the portion sold fifteen million hundred
and twenty-nne thousand five hundred and twcntyour
acres Welding in receipts the Of eleven million four
hundred aud thousand three hundred and eighty
dollars In the same period of time, eight million seven
have been surveyed but, in consideration Of
the quantity already subject to entry, additional
have been brought into market.
The peculiar relation the general government to The
Dstric; of Columbia renders it proper commend
not only its material but also moral interests in
District outside OF the cities of Washington and George
town.
The commissioners appointed revise and cadify the
laws Of the District have made such progress in the per-
frnance of their task, to insure completion the
time prescribed in the act Of Congress
Information recently been received that the peace Of
the settlements i'll the Territories of Greg and Washing
is disturbed by hostiltes the part of the Indians.
with Indications Of extensive combinations of hostile
character among the tribes in that quarter the seri
in their poss bic eirc, by of the undetermined
foreign interests existing in huse Territories to which
your attention has already been especially invited Ef
fcen have been taken which, it believed will
restore quiet and afford protection 10 oar citizens
In the Territory of Kansas there have bean prelude
cal To gnd order but have occurred under
cumstaces TO justify the intcrosnn of the federal Exec
utive That could only be cscof obstruction To fciera
law, of organized resistance territorial law, assuming
the character of iusurrec,on which, if it shoud occur it
would be duty promptly to overcome and suppress.
cherish the hope however that the Of any such
untuward event will be prevented BY The sound OF the
the right determine their domestic institutions
entitled while deporting themselves peacefully to the free
exercise of that right and must be protected IN the ENJOY
ment oft without interference the part "fthe Citizens Of
any of the States
The southern boundary line of this Territory has
been surveyed and established. The rapid extcndng
Elements that region and the fact that the main
between independence in the Stale of Missouri aud New
Mexico contiguous to this line, suggest the probability
that embarrassing questions Of jurisdiction consequent
~ arise. For these and other considerations commend
this subject 10 your early attention.
CONSTITUTIONAL THEORY OF THE GOVERNMENT.
have thus passed in review the general state of the
Unon including such particular of the federal
appeared desirable and useful TO bring 10 the special
notice Of Congress- Unlike the great states of Europe aud
ASIA and of those of America these United States
wasting their strength neither i'll foreign do
nestle strife Whatever Of discomfort public dissats
faction exists is attributable to the nperfcons Of human
nature or is incident 10 all governments however perfect,
which human wisdom devise Such subjects CT o!iti-
cal agitation occupy The public mind consist to great
extent Of exagser.,ion of inevitable evils or over zeal IN
social imp ovcncn:, imagination IF grievance hav
ing but c,uncX:on with of the constitutional
functions duties of the federal government To what
cxien, these questions exhibit tendency menacng
the stability of the tuition, the integrity of the
Union and no farther they demand the consideration
the Executive and require to be presented by him to Con-
greSS.
Before the Thirteen Colonies became confederation of
independent States. they associated only by conu-
nifty of origin, by geographical positn and
by the mutual tie of common dependence Great Britain
When that lie >underei, they severav assumed the
powers and rights Of absolute segove,nnent The NUM-
cipal aGd Scal institutions of rach lis laws OF property
and OF personal relation even ITS tlca were
such only each one chose to establish. wholly without
interference from other In the Language OF the Deca-
of Independence each State had full power to levy
war; conclude peace alliances establish commerce.
States of right do. The several colonies differed IN
climate in soil natural productions, in religion in sys-
of education legislation and in the forms of pohti-
cal administration; and they continued to differ in these
respects when they voluntarily allied themselves as States
carry the of the revolution
The object of that to dsenth,a the Cni.ed Col
ones from foreign rule which had proved be oppressive,
and separate Them permanently from The mother country;
the political result the foundation of federal repub-
lie Of the free white of the colonies constituted AS
they werc in distinct and recprocaly independent State
governments for the subject races whether Indian
African the wise and brave statesmen OF thai day. being
them they and thus preserved themselves and their
postery from the anarchy and the everrecurring civil
which have prevailed in other revoluonzed Euro
pean colonies of America.
When the confederated States found it convenient to
modify the conditions of their association by giving to the
general government direct in respects to the
people OF the States instead of combining it to action ON the
States SUCH they proceeded to frame the existing CON
stitution adherng steadily to guiding thought which
delegate only such power necessary and pro-
per to the execution Of specific PURPOSES or in other Words
to retain much possible consistently with those
poses the independent powers of the individual States
For objects of defence and security they Entrusted
to the general government certain carefully func-
tons, leaving all others the undeegated rights Of the
separate independent soTereigntes.
Such is the constitutional theory of government the
practical observance of which has carried and alone
among modern republics through nearly three generations
of time without the cost of drop Of bloodshed in civil
With freedom and concert of action, has enabled
contend successfully the battlefield against for
egn foes has elevated the feeble colonies powerful
States and has raised industrial productions ard
commerce which transports them, to the level Of the rich
est and the greatest nations of Europe And the admirable
adaptation political institutions their Objects
bning local seguvernment with aggregate strength, has