The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1856-01-25
The Government OF France.

The contribution OF people Is not only the guarantee
Of its rights the result of It's civilization and the express
sion Of lis habits (oays) it is also the mechanism of its
government in the ensemble, and the details Of the ma
chineIy Of which it ia composed When the legislator
has oIganized the authorities (es pourors, regulated
their functions, defined the connecting links that unite
them and marked the limits which separate them it is
the rigorous precision of each of them in the general
performance of the functions Of which they are The
agents. that depend order activity and unity in the
OF the administration and IN the direction OF Pu0ic
Alters.
1his all important precision which alone give to
govern ment ali it's power 70 co goed is not Immediately
obtained in the construction Of a new constitution
there rveterale traditions which resist the most
mperous applications Of the PRINCIPLES which condemn
them, and Of the necessities which transform then.
Progress, all things is not attained in day; it is
the aborious and slow conquest OF perseverance, and
time However adapted a constitution may be to the
HABITS and the interests Of the countX Of waie4
it is the law, however evident may appearthe truth
OF its primo pies the pc which it creates
always Involuntary drawn into borrowing hing
from the ancient powers they have repisoed l. lore
thoroughly undersar ding the Importance they must de-
revive the customs by which their predecessors had
founded the authority Of their prerogatves
This is what happened with the senate In the ica
cn of the tu ion of the 10th Of January 1867 The
charters OF ASIA and Of 1880 had mace the Chamber
of Peers simply second Clam 2er Of Deputies. q
different origin, their functions we're nearly the same
Under that regime the two Assemblies who sat at the
Pslais Bourbon and the Luxembourg were simply the
double representatives of parliamentary ogarcly in
two branches Of which pretended to represent the
people, the other the arisoeracy but in reality neither
the one nor the other corresponded either the people,
which die not its deputies, to the higher classes,
which did not find in the pserage the reflection Of
their power, of their traei ions and Of their inter-
etts The actual constitution, the contrary distn Fly
separated what the charters of S14 and 1880 oonfouned
ceeired that each Of the powers which 1t insiiu ed
ah nld have independent as to useful tas.
BY giving TO the Emperor the authority and the RESPONSE
bity Of che it gave to all the agents charged
to second BIN, Minister'S Council Of State, Legislative
Corps and Senate the different func ions which, ty
caenaton simple II Ii logical allows each of Il en-
IN his sphere Of power Of action 70 take part in paoo
The country.
This contribution which less the work Of su than
the work If experience and time ordsins combines aud
defines all things In the simplest possible II gives
the executive power its Independence and its force by
rernna naSss The mSisers tso Sreot .pents Il the
crown the highest and most honored auxhsres OF the
Empercr's SOVEREIGNTY by thsr Size it places the
council of state to second them TO solve the difficulties
OF adm alton to FIX its principles, to prepare and
support the laws they propose II gives to the Legislative
edes TO ihe Senate the initiative and !nstrusts
Of all the principles and all the interests Of
which il Ia the embodiment and guarantee
The intention Of the legislator OF 1852 Is easily pene
trated in thif very simple mechanism whore everything
is managed to produce harmony from WHOA order and
power result and to prevent conflicts which give rise to
The legislator of 1852 had in fact double object in
yicwhe first to free government from ParA aenta
easy by leaving the management of affairs exclusively
the Minister'S the second TO create independent egs
ative body by having 1t appointed by universal suffrage
by assuring 10 1t the most perfect liberty of discussion
The vote OF the laws and Of the budget and by not admit
ting puonc Dody. Only the
stisu,icn regulates the right Of amendment and il takes
the deputies to give TO the Senate right OF INF
thtve which but too quently the sudden inspr
tion OF party spirit and local interest.
An executive power strong enough to do good without
berg mpeded, Legislative power independent enough
10 useful without being the dou SIe
problem which the constitution Of 1862 proposed to itself
| 10 solve.
But. while the Minister'S absorbed By their daily task
are necessarily occupied with the great interests of the
country and while, seconded by the Council Of State
they provide for all the wants Of the ADMINISTRATION and
legislation another power exercis~ functions exclusive
OF Them and gives the government the aid OF It's wisdom
and great experience that power v the Senate. The
constitute wished that there should be body cf men