The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1856-11-16


nual'y conagDed to shs oll-press n Cssanere, pro.
ducing iargs amount 4 oil and cake. besides q
considerable quantity eaten by man, or ooosumed BY
other modes. Walnut oil. in that country, u prefer
red TO hnseed oil for all the purposes to which the
latter is applied It is employed in cookery and
also Tor burning in lamps, without much ologging
the wick or yielding much smoke. u Is Expired 70
Ihibet, and brings considerable profit BY ancieat
the government and the owner OF the tree. but .,
present, the former takes three-fourths; yet even
under this oppression the cultivation Of this product
10 extended, and Cashmere, in proportion to its sur
iace, prcances much larger quantity Of nuts than
any portion Of the globe.
The Persian walnut attains the largest size in a
deep 0aDy SOIL rather cry than NOISE but the fruit
mas the best flavor, and produces the most OIL when
II Is grown In imy soil, or among calcsreous
rocks or stones. The site on which Coooel Force 3
tree stands was formerly occupied By a brick kiln.
In wet bottomed land, whatever may be the c6arac-
ter q the surface, it win not thrive. The nuts may
be planted In drill about six inches apart, and
one-iourth of an inch below the surface, any time
between the period of ripening and early spring,
provided there Is no Danger from rats or other YER
min OF the el0; the nuts may also be gently press
cd into the ground, even with the surface. and ~
cred with straw or leaves; and to afford the II fur
ther protection. light poes boards may be placed
over the Whole until spring. Toe only attention re-
CURED in their culture, the first year, il to keep
the young plants tree from weeds, and, about the
middle OF summer 70 shorten their tap main
roots SIX or eight inches below tue nuts by insert
ing spade on each SIDE OF the drills, IN sIautng
direction, 50 as to cut OF their points, In order to
induce them TO thror out more fbres to facilitate
their transportation Early in the spring of the &C.
cond year they may be transplanted 10 distance OF
five or six feet apart. where they may r3man until
they removed to their permanent sites.
In cases where this tree is to be grow Tor fr1t,
on dry soils rocky situations, the nut ought TO be
planted where Il is fnaiy to ,emain. on account of
the tsp root, which will thus have its full influence
the yigor and prosperity Of its future gro sth by
descending TO the snbso0 for the noarishment 1t
could not otherwise obtaio On the contrary, when
there is moist otherwise unavorable subs0il, If
planted where j is finally to remain, tile, 81 ate, or
Hat stone, should be PLACED under the nut depth of
three or four inches In order to give the tap root
horizontal course.
When planted as orchards, the trees may be set
rod apart, an of which could cootain one hun
bred and sixty in the square form, or one hundred
and eighty IN qusncuncem. Estimating the product
Of each tree at oushel OF nuts, and supposng
that it will produce that quantity in twelve
or fifteen years after planting, and consider
ing that the amount imported into this country
is valued at leas. at 100000 per annum. the induce
nents for its culture by the farmers and planters Of
the Middle and Southern States would appear TO he
sufficiently ample for their immediate attention.
The almond (Ampgdalus commuais), which isin
digenous to Syr,a and Northern Africa, has become
nasuraiized in the south Of Europe, Madeira, the
Azores, and the Canary Islands. and is cultivated
for ornament its fruit in the central and southern
portions of the United States. When grated upon
the common plum, 1t often attans height OF TWEEN
diameter; and even in the neighb0rhood OF Paris,
where the winter climate is almost severe a. that
of Philadelphia, il is met WITH Of the elevation Of
forty feet and in the south OF France it grows still
higher.
The almond is commonly one of the FIRST among
hardy trees display its blossoms, which generally
put forth, in Barbary, in January; II Smyrna, in
February: lear London, in March; in Germany and
New York, IN the latter part of april and at Chris
tlana, in Norway not TIL the beginning Of June
The blossoms appear before the leaves, and hence
they produce the finest effect when planted among
evergreens. II has been observed that, though
verna frosts often destroy the germs of the fruit
they do lot iDure the beauty OF the flowers but even
increase their spendor. An avenue OF almond trees
quite hoary with frost, in the evening will be OF
bril- iant color the following morning, and will
often retain its beauty for more than month; the
flowers falling of till the trees covered
with duYe. The fruit is not 80 attractive as that
of the peach, because, instead OF preserving the
same delicious pulp it percarp shrives as II rpens,
and becomes o horny kind OF musk, opening OF its
own accord, 1T he end Of maturity. The kernel OF
some varieties Of the almond. however, L. not de
tended by thick shell as that OF the peach and
necfarine; for IL Ii often so tender that tue nuts
break when shaken together. The chief distinction
between these fruits is that the almond has stone,
covered with coraceous, dry hairy covering. while
those OF the peach and uecfarine developed In
rich juicy pulp, surrounded by smooth or downy
skin
In wild state the almond IL sometimes found
with bitter kernels, and ut other times sweet, in
similar manner 70 the Gramnont oak (Susrcus His
pdnicG), which, in SPAIN generally bears sweet
editle acorns, but sometimes produces only such IS
bitter. The two varieties the m Il valuable for
cultivation are the " sweet kernelled almond
tAmnndr a pefis fruits, or Amandes doScss, Of the
French.J and the soft she'll almond, (Amaaiisr d
coqut f,ndre or 4mands co9us MOLE, OF France.)
The shell Of the former ia hard, but the kernel Is
sweet favored IL is cultivated In the south OF Eu
rope being generally propagated by grating, stand
ard high, on the bitter almond, or on strong grow
ing seeding almond stocks, in order to insure the
sweetness OF its fruit The lat er IL characterized by
tie sofiness frugalty Of ia shell, a. well by
the sweet flavor OF its kernel, and IL the variety re
Gently introduced and Distributed by this Office.
The almond does not prosper, unless the soil be
dry, sandy calcareous. and Of considerable DEPTH
but oil the varieties will succeed well in free SOIL
that Is not too moist, when grated inoculattd on
stocks oftbc common plum. The situation should
be sheltered, on account OF the liability Of the
branebcsto be broken Oh by high winds. AS II sends
down tap root, exceeding two feet in length the
6rrf season, u has been found that such tree when
taken up has two 6bres, and consequently but little
chance o. growing. From this Circumstance origi-
mated tie practice OF germinsfng the nuts in boxes
OF earth before sowing them, and pinching Oh the
point OF the radicals when about an zach length
which canscs IL Ia throw out numerous horizontal
roots. Thus mode OF terminating the nuts also
nsufes plants 10 the nui seryman the first season
after sowing, whereas, when this II not done. the
seeds often lie Dormant In the ground two years
The almond requires but little pruning except when
ffuit Of large size IA desired or the duration Of the
tree Is wished TO he prolonged.
The advantages OF this tree may be briefly summed
MP in toe following words:-lt proepen upon indif
ferent soil; requires but little care In Its cult
walton: IL beautiful a. an ornamental tree useful az
a shade tree, and profitable In its production Of q
much desired fruit, yielding, in its bearing years,
about 20 pounds TO the tree, which. At Is cents q
pound. would amount To- at least eJe6 to an acre
'rhe amount OF almonds annually imported into the
United States IL believed 10 he ysueo At more than
S2j0Uc0.
The Cork Oak fCpsreus .,.beyl an svervrpen tree
indigenous 10 tie south Of Europe and Northern
Area which furnishes the vel known article, cork,
in sufficient quantities. for commerce IL In adapted
10 the soil and china OF man, parts q toe Middle
and southern states, and, aside from its desirable
ness "a beautiful shade tree, vii prove necessary
auxiliary 10 the future wine culture ~ this untry,
a. well for the supply Of the increasing demand
for cork fer other purposes.
In the regions where 'hs tree is indigenous, II
usually eruws to height Of twenty or thirty leet
u was iDuooncsd into England about the We 1879,
by acorns brought from France or spain, and still
exists there in various collections, harnr attained
in a. me instances diameter Of Two or three feet