The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1856-07-06

settlement OF our present differences The viii rage
on simply because there is stopping NJ against the
interests against the Zee ings against the ervent pray
Of both countries The most irreIRrable mischief
will be done TO BOTH far more than can be measured by
any amount OF property and any number Of hives And
when impartial history comes 70 ask who were tho au-
tbors OF the widespread calamity, Il VIII inquire into
existing rights and into the meaning OF treaties rather
closely we suspect, than the ardent citizens Of
Cincinnati
Turning to our own government we cannot help urging
them to devote little time and take more direct
and conclusive 10 settle these questions for good
and forever. It will be great thing % finish them on
during the existing Presidency and withdraw them as
possible out OF the excitement OF the approaching
contest Aiy sacrifice in reason 10 better than col.
son which would put the mattlr out OF the reach OF
staes men, Of wisdom OF humanity, Of the two countries
themselves were they ever so DESTROYS OF peace For
our part We can safely say have always been ready
for any amount OF reasonable concession. We have
ever regarded all differences between and the States
much have habitualy regarded the difference be-
government and its own people at home While
have steadfastly maintained the supremacy Of law
against actual resistance we have ever been for timely con-
cession These American questions are but territorial
variety of domestic dissenons. large part Of our
people, naturally the more ambitious, the more self
have betken themselves to country set up for
themselves resented interference, and demanded to be
left alone that part Of the world which nature seems
leave open their progress Classes OF ourselves At
home have made extensive demands without much nicely
Of expression and without much consideration Of
existing right, when seemed inconsistent with nature
end Justice in its general significance. Mutdtt
dfdis, what have Birmingham and Manchester been in
their time but domestic United States and what have
the United States been but transatlantic Lancashire or
Warwickshire2 We have met actual resistance with
arms; have maintained law against our own lies and
blood We have .massacredn citizens IN our streets
when they assumed the shape OF physical forces BUD at
the first breathing time we have usually considered
their demands, and given al that laey reasonably
three four times capitulated to the people. For
part, we have uniformly urged the surrender
Why may we not assume that the people Of the
the United States still part OF ourselves IN interest,"
III sentiment in fellow feeling, as much as in racer
Many Of its moving spirits are born Engehmen. They
only carrying the spirit they acquired in our own
schools places Of discussion We can yield to them,
al thing is TO be yelded-we bear with their
otherwise xnbearabe language better than from nations
another and tongue they rush into outrage their
blood be on their own heads. We cannot heipi man will
resist his son. that does not respect the boar
head But while II is possible, and while humanity and
and kindred have right to be heard let US deal With
tie Americans as we should had they never left
shores and been merely prosecuting domestic claim.
let us give up whaeyer We can without compromise OF
plain duty and honor.
from the same paper, same datc.l
thoughtful reader of history will observe one great
facy underlying many Of the wars of past times. II was
ihat small questions were great ones, because they
happened TO arise between great Powers. That forward
and dcusye faculty., the imagination transferred the idea
Of greatness from the disputnts 10 the dispute, and
moehl OF questions made mountain the instant great
Power touched it, Even now IL difficult TO keep people
to reason. As soon . question arises between
two great Towers, the whole world pcks upt ears and
everybody thinks that what every body Is thinking about
must be something very important Buteverybody must
know the slightest reflection. that great Powers may
have small OF dispute and the intelligent part OF
the world beginning to draw the distinction IN the
per quarter and that nations need not fight simply
because they great but should only light On great
questions.
Of the two questions which compose the Central Ameri
dsputethe Mosquito question and the question rea-
ting the Bay slands-thc former already virtually
settled Great Britain has expressed herself all along as
not wishng 10 retain excl ve over the
.ha The latter should be anseatic town. under
the joint protecorafe OF herself and the United States or
TO make any other similar arrangement.
The question OF the Bay Islands still remains and this
IL question which an hour conference between two IN
tegept persons would easily settle and we should not
the and islands adjacent formed TIL within oonpara
lively recent tines, part Of the great spanish empire
As part Of this empire they came IN the year 1883 under
the operation Of a treaty between Spain and this
country. The country between the rivers Wallis,
or Belize, and Rio Honda rich in logwood or
IRON the Spanish the right for our settlers TO
cut haywood in this district The boundaries Of this dis
rict were accurately Marked however, and there was
express stipulation that this right not 10 be con
sd,rcd as derogang In any wise from his (the spa.
nth monarchy rights Of sovereignty The treaty OF
1853 confirmed by another In 1885, which made
articular mention OF " the islands adjacent" TO the Gen.
irsl American coast which We were 70 evaeuate
What these two treaties then, appear TO show =, that
Central America and the Islands adjacent bad been, and
at that tme regular part Of the spanish American
copinions. The treaty gives us that which sovereign
over alone gyc-the "usofi domain" a. pub
lciss call H. uslfruc Of certain portion OF aud in
giving expressly its sovereignty even over
that porton The spanish sovereignty IL implied and
opposed the mainland and the adjacent islands and
loIn the substratum OF the whole treaty and, What
10 the purpose, the continuance Of this
iegnty the district Of the English settlement
OF czc recognized BY act Of Parliament n the year
1917 passed for the cfcctual punishment Of muir
1~rs mansaurhiers committed In places not within
his hsjesys dominons." The first section Of this act
recites that
Whereas grevous murders and have
settlement the Bay Of Honduras, In South
hmsrca the same being settlement for certain purposes
y, within he territory and dominion o, hts Majesty
be tried and punished any OF His Naesy's islands Ac.
But this could be carried INTO effect, because !,
was found that there was no ISLAND there IN the do
mnion Of his Majesty TO which the Kings commission
could be Directed and consequently amendaiory act
was raised 1879 substituting special tribunal at De
lie Tor trial Of such offences "becansc Of the great de-
ay ana difficulty in renewing offenders in Honduras for
trial in England These statutes, then, must certainly
tc admitted prove ,ha, late As 1919 the Englah
Parliament recognized the sovereignty OF tho Spanish
crown over tho mainland u Central America; and the
adjacent islands appear TO g. along with the mainland,
be considered Under the same sovereignty az
they are evidently one In the two treaties OF 1873
and 1856.
Up 10 this point, then, the Spanish crown s posses
81 the sovereignty Central America and the adj
accent islands Bat between the years ls2i and 1924 the
whole a. Central America threw OF the Spanish dominion
and the FIVE provinces which had constituted the old
Kingdom or ylceroyaty Of Guatemala became rcpub
lies with federal constitution. and established them
selves the United states Of Central America union
which was afterwards dissolved zach Of these states
then Ia med In IL and independent condition all the
territory which had atsched 10 II In ts former state OF
Dependency and. among the rct, the republic OF Hon
durss LAYS claim 10 the Bay Islands a. Islands which
attached 70 the old province Of Honduras, and were,
along with that province, under The sovereignty OF the
Staneh crown. These GLANDS about thirty miles
distant from tho coast of Honsuras.
The question, then, which an arhter would have 10
settle would be whether Honduras, it separation
from the Spanish crown, succeeded egnaely 70 all the
rights and territories attaching 70 while dependency
Of the SPANISH crown. The Committee ~ thc senMe y
the tinted states appointed In the beginning Of 1858 70
examine the OF the British proclamation for the CO.
lonzaion OF the Fay Islands and draw up report lays
4, down a. undoubted principle, that when one roll
teal community separates itself from another by success
full revolt assumes the form and declares itself 70 the
world A. separate and independent power state, and
maintains itself such Iower state thereby becomes
sovereign within IL lawful or prescribed limits, and,
by the established usage q nations such preexstent
soyeretn y Ia 10 be recognized by other nations a.
common duty, whenever the new power shall have ex-
hi,ed satisfactory proof that II Is. In fact ndcre ,dent
and 4 capable OF so sustaining itself"
We apprehend that there could be no difficulty IN set
Ting such question a. this. There are, OF course
known rules and preccdens which would apply " H. and
a moderate acquaintance wRh international law would
guppy the proper data for the decision. II would be, Of
course arbter a. whether our war with spain,
subsequent the treaties OF s3 and l7s6 al al affected
- - rNa