New-York daily tribune. [volume] (New-York [N.Y.]) 1842-1866, 1856-08-12


l. rf- 70 I'M "i rs'
ne second npd third principles set fur.h ia ,b.
80, clar,'ios being to".e -uon'iu.d 10 o'ber o,d
I'm, t,,g,rs for adoption ~ tut G. ,v-ram-n. il i,
mo-, RI ,i,us Ia zee ipc's por,ted by g-rrra coosrn,
mn The coot Of M ri ie l-w, anc thus placed beyond
fr,br, controversy or question
Sn,b a r,r uf teourLg many scysn'ases to the
o,r,,rr,e Of peuJai nations Dgbt have beco retoo-
Iii xu cted but for the proce dit Ks 1T III Congress
n, t,ri- Which require tneu 10 be purchased ny to
Cot, ,scritu--tbe suntr1er OF nkht which may
we be consic eIed w e-sent. to tue hoecon of the
lie fourth prir c;ple contained IN The "Decar.tion.
n.u,Iy "Blockadts 10 or er to be blnoing, must be-
"A, Give; ths to "a! msintained by force ,efil-
m ., ,,nly 10 prevent 70 the CO tet Ut tho
A." enI"-cai hardy be r-ta'de" a. one falling within
,b., hss v IT'D the object VI the Congress
tu re- for tbi- ruo has hot Tor lag ne been
,oe,oed az unceitsin, or the cause " any e)ofHbe
r;'nt." n ,teIe have been any tsputes, Ia regard
~, r. OF ad.s the e.tainty .boat the fac but
~, a.. l,w Th,s LatIuts which have reeor-d 10
What art appropriately cenomina,ed paper block
sr,sr have rarely, If ever, undertaken ter~ard 10
Justify then concuc' upon iIcitei ou' nave eusfsy
&c uit.o the illegslty # The practice AMI indemn!ed
,b. il utrd psrties What Is 10 be adiutged "a force
IS, cet really ~ prevent hcc-"s TO he coast OF he
.," has oft. been reverei, cnuteseo question:
and certainly The dtc!s AL which in,' retrrates
osu.rnl upd ,puted II AKIN Of maritime Law, does
,tbnv toward relieving the subject VI block .dr from
~ ,nba,rs sn-nt What force Is requisite to ,Gsti
,r, ., II. GIVE blockade remains -tte vi
one 81 onnbe as II was otloie tue tonSeeS al fafis
aoor,, Il the Declaration
IT, ,eea to the right to employ privateers, which ID
dec,leC 10 BE- ABOLISHED by Tho int prLcipie pat uh
IN me Declaration, there WAS, IL so Die Ices un-
cetamty. The rls to ie'ot TO Prvateers Is a. Gear
A. ,be right 10 Use puohc arnle stip5, sro ~ I1cUu
t-t,bl- re al other right rtainug to be gereuts
The ollc, of that law has b. occasionally qd-s-
ton, q. Not however, by the be t su h"rItitS; nit
ii ,as itself has be d UNIVERSAL! nouit ed aud most
nations have not tesirat.d to av~i thens-ves of it.
II il a. well sustained b. prac ice ani publ olidion
a. sry other 10 BE- found il tue marltim- c de
TLete is scarc4 any rule O int rnat on I, law which
uar,,culsf ustoDs in then treaties have NOT occt-
slI su.u, ID. or no rc Ttgtrd t. Ne apollo ttoG
IN tt,m,elves Two treaties only can be found, IN
which tie contracting parties have agree TO Abs alu
fom The employ ut OF p'iv steers ct-e ot war be-
tn,,nt them TIE fi'st VA treaty het~etn the HI Z
of Saeo,u and the Sta'es General Of IT,, Ubited Prov
i,c IN 1875 Shtth after il copclu1. g. the par
III, ", re III olyed var anc the stpu .ton conc-rn
il luI, otrfs entirely cirrrgnIceu % otd the
rec I'D gas The treaty 1T 1875, be- @-eu the Uaited
Stat.s AL ID. rg Of When thi- treaty Gas
I.w.o in 1893 clause -puiatiug not TO resort to
tIfya,eerir Omitted. For the isst all injury
tb,r pa, b, Tn 10 Cement by 'reay or 0tner Sc
abolish the light unti tte recent proceedings VI Tue
Plrrp Il utiaries at Phrls. .
Is, taking the subject of pryateerue into conrider-
atioi that Copyree has Le beyond proe-sed oo-
ject Which vas Re II declared, t. remove tue uhcer
'sIty o. pom OF mar'uIe la~, ahh thereby pro'en'
~ ifeiehc,r o. opinlou between ueur.s ana oeiser.
DC, T. Al COZ s. gu, uty difficulties aud even
"cm ficts" so far the putciple III regard u Pr
vat erlbs is concern d, tire proceed ngs OF the Con
pft ST. ere III tie Lature at al act 81 itgi-atn, ana
tx TO change vel set led principle OF international
law . -,
The il t,ieet Of commerce 10 d@epy concerned IL the
,atl shn,ert Of the priuc pies 1hch the United
States Lad submitted 10 al maritime PO"efs ahd u Is
ultL 10 be Iegiett that the Po"e represented in
the Congress at Paris, fcDy approving urm, rhodl'
hAv. eLd.p, eIeo theiI adoption oy u ui"g them 10
AL 9th, Admissible p'iucpe, ano making me "a u'e
N flaa IL
or. To three u the foui ples COZ tai eI Ia the
"D.clarstion" there would ct p'obany OF ser GUS
objection tom any quarter, but 10 the othef Visof
our re-irISnct uurt nave been hntin'oted
TIT puhcy If tie law VIII Gu alb IS rrsott ~ priV1-
t.ers ar been question ed for ons ~tlcd q not
con MAJ d tho as~tp' Of this Gover1meut' W Huout
,It ing into full discussion this poi T. the anu T.
sieLtd wi confront tue ordinary auG ohisf obec i'n
re- TIA, pohcy by AL authority which vii b. reg 7ried
with piofouLG respect. paru julariy III FLa'ce' IN
con mt On the French Otc"usbce ut 1854, VAIN
saJr: e
waifore may b., heveftnel's- d'sappo'eo o' oy
rome tr.te. philosophers. According 10 their ~,
ton. uch L,t tue way Ill whcn Tue ste anu
sOvr'tis" arc t" be ser'eoi VINE tne P'oAG y, ~
iCy uuls ma Ceive trJu the pur ut ar- III ctt OF
AT a I d graceful Bu' this IL THE language OF IA
eli izens shn, under the stately mask OF ASp rous
" so,m aud of Il 1fuly sensitive conscience, seek 10
nirleud the uogDeIt 10y acopceamth. of tue ct Tot
motives which gives birth 70 their lncf roDc- tf tue
y eif.re hI O ac VaItage If the state such are ~
worthy nf olsme az tbo-e eu tiled 70 praise who
generally expose then property ard their lives u the
tai O. r. If piIvstterlDg.'
Inssok of much epute publi-hsd 10 France al
mos. Simultaneous with the pr ceedngs ot the Con
gree at Paris j. II. clnreo tha TIE l'uiug o. et-
''eis of ma que THEREFORE ie d cone cieona'y
" beJl ereI n act Private are b M n "sr yes.
" SELF u,rnDed by voluDt. ers, - whom oy way I"
"reuard, TIE r sovereign rerigns such p'H'1aS they
g moke, IN tie ssne ma or as ne III tunes a''sls
10 To, -Lo forces pUiOp,of the w,r contrb .tlohs
81 |, xilu al,
yefdy ues Prists Martinez.
Ii il rot crnied that arDoyrDces to neutral com
Iaerce AID even abusee, have occ >siJualY resuied
from the practice Of private. rngi such WAS th case
foru cly than III recent tunes; out when II
ques iOi If cnabg'pg lew. the ne den'Hi V"s are 10
T.. c,r,dere6 ia c,pIec'uu with is bsno its III az
van,aees II thrse ben. tts aud advantages cao be
ohtslI,o in sny Otner way, without injury u y h7r
ri,bts these occasional abu- may then JUSTIFY the
char pc however ancient hrGly established may De
the law. ,
The reasons which induced The Congres at Paris to
declare private eng eb shed sie Iot std co 'tey
are pre- uuec to be on y each 8s are Usually uteed
agsinet the exercise o that bel, g rent right.
lhe prevalence of Christianity and the p'ogress OF
cvi.izaton have greedy Wi'ig>ted the severity Oh
TIE IL Gent mode Of proceeding acetilu-s var
r.w an affair e governments. Ii Is the pronc
su hoiiy which makee aud carries on W r; l'd''io
nal. are not permitted to take part IN II, an ees
authorized 10 do ~ by Their Government " IL Ii
gtntiay received rule Of aos EN- warfare, 20 'ar a.
least OPERATIONS upor lend are &C cerueo, una u
y, n, us AID effects Of non-cuub 4tsbts are W %
Iesp.cted The ~anron pllage or uncouipeu-ate.
appropriation Of in ivdual properly by an .rny even
Ia poesesson of al eneuye country, Is asa'ust Tue
ussge Of uooern tines Such q moce ot ptoce"'ius
a, liz day wouc be condemned by the enls tel ei
judgn cit II the world, upiess warranted by rpeclai
cncuu.s,arces Every cousidsra'ior which u.,holis
tb sci tin.nt in regard o the conduct Of waf oa
leid fayors the application of the 'ne rqle to ,nt
persoDs ard properly Of cltiz ne the beln5
found upon the ocean Il TAI, to pc. ume tnat tue
df sIfn IN fiDin We! -Hg
by exeD ping private proper'y upon tue o-r"- 'ion
hoste To tht txrent Il Is usually exenp'e' on