New-York daily tribune., 1856-02-26

Thee figure. showing the products of labor suggest
an inference that such unequal results mat react upon
property and tend 20 reduce its value The value OF
property s estimated by it's average income or returns
Real .ttae in Virginia seems TO fcn no exception TO
this re Rude and unproductive labor fails to devel-
Cd the resources Of the soil, ard the market value OF
the land snks 20 ts proper relation to rents or income
from the land The total value Of improved lands IN
Penpsyly ana and Virginia is given ~ ioOws: Penn
,ylyans s4O7 e56, ,O99; Virginia, s2lo iOl, $40. In
other words, the ten millions Of acres in Virginia are
worth little more than half much the eight mil
lions in Pennsylvania. The original or natural value
Of land in Virginia fully eqsaled that Of Pennsy lyans
Labor has made the difference.
But the profits of the two systems Of labor can DO
tested by other facts equally conclusive Skilled Ia
Dor. recurring knowledge of the arts with no greater
use Of the muscles IL usually most productive 70 IT,
owner. In these departments of labor Pennsylvania
counts 2G6 ,s27; Virginia, 52,6'5 persons. Pennsyl-
vsnia has larger ratio Of skled labor than Vir-
ginia. and avails herself Of il by converting raw
material worth ss7 2O6 37 into manufactured articles
worth 9lO while Virginia has not the Of
converting her els 1893 into s29 7O5, ,3s7. Wealth
has consequently accumulated in Pennsylvania and
diminished in Virginia. Virginia has le9 miles Of
Canals; Pennsylvania, go. The Railroads Of Vir.
eina cost el2 100, ,i2i; Of Pennsylvania, So, 4967
The value Of all the property owned BY individuals IN
these States is returned follow: Pennsylya
s729 .lH,993; Virginia, s39l ,646, 49,. This wealth
has been created by labor. 1t the accumulation of
surplusesthe aggregate amount Of products no. con-
suued in the cost of production the balance going into
the general stock of reserved property.
The first fifty years Of the present century have seen
Virginia sink from her prominence into a lourth-rate
State in population and wealth, while Pennsylvania ha.
dyanced step by step with the growth Of the Repub
lc. The accumulated products Of Pennsylvania labor
remain unconsumed TO the extent Of more than s'29,-
600 900, while the products Of Virginia amount to but
1891 646 43s Of which at least flj0 900 900 is III
slaves And yet the of labor il apparently greater
in Pennsylvan The average rate OF wages for farm
labor being $40 g in Pennsylvania and g. in Vir-
gnia per month But it il the value Of labor to the
employer that must determine whether it il cheap or
dear 10 him. The cheap labor Of Virginia has reduced
her TO poverty.
Kentucky and Ohio, with antecedent- and conditions
quite different from those of Virginia aud Penns vana
disclose similar train Of consequences flowing from
their different systems labor.
The area of these States is nearly the same, Ohio
The population at each census has been follows
1890. 1910. 1920. 1880. 1910. 1850.
Ohio.. f5Dj5 go i65 8l fA s]9 9B IjJ,iH l95",3i9
Kent'y. os55 4ce6lI 56iGl7 6s77l9 T79sA 9i!4o5
In this 9s2, ,4O5 are included 1901 free blacks and
2O 9sl slaves Will, Ohio contains 25,279 free blacks
and no slaves.
The statement Of the figures establishes beyond all
question that great cause operates Prominently
and with uniform force 10 retard the increase ofpopu-
lation in Kentucky as compared with that Of Ohio.
No one can say that the climate in Kentucky Is not
genial to our race or that the -oi makes srudginS
return 10 labor or that the State Is shut of by diff
cult barriers from intercourse with the world, and has
no great natural avenues to facilitate her commerce.
The physical capacities and business Of the State are
most affluent and abundant. Her system Of laboris
the foundation and sole cause Of this disparity.
brief examination Of the census tables will cnabe
us 10 ascertain whether the defect in the Kentucky
system Of labor consists in the mi-drecon Of labor or
in the quality of the lubor-in other words, whether
Ohio has chosen more productive occupations for her
industry or given to each department better quality
Of labor than Kentucky uses in similar cases
The departments or occupations Of labor in the two
States are not extremely different In agricultural la
Dor Ohio employs 27O O3t2, Kentucky llj0l7 persons
In other labor neither agricultural nor mechanical,
Ohio o. 56G aud Kentucky 2s il3. In Common manu-.
features and the arts Ohio l426s7, Kentucky "a, ,59si
but it must be borne in mind that this statement eu
braces only whites ana does not indicate the occupa
ton Of the 2lO 9sl slaves. Add these labOrers to the
corps Of laborers and distribute them in their probable
divisions Of labor, and very material difference
would be discovered in the relative number i'll each
State engaged in similar kinds of labor except in that
department requiring skill and training. II seems
probable that in the manufacturing and commercial
labor Of the two States Ohio would have the greater
ratio Of persons employed But il might be said that
a larger portion Of the industry Of Kentucky is en-
ploycd in raising cattle and live stock, and that no
great advantage gained by employing in that depart
ment any but the rude labor demanded from mere
herdsman. The fact hardly sustains the inference,
even if the inference were sound one. Ohio has in
live stock i4,l1l ,74l, Kentucky s29, COL, iJ6.
1t the quality of labor rather than its divisions or
occupatons that distinguishes the industry OF these
States. Labor in the same occupation costs less and
produces more in Ohio than in Kentucky. The sv-
erace product Of an acre in these States follows
Wheat in Ohio ~ bushels; in Kentucky, g; Corn
in Ohio, 50; in Kentucky, "a; Rye in Ohio, IS; in
Kentucky, IL. The great bulk Of products in both
States is agricultural Ohio cultiyates area Of
,s5l i93 acres, ana hehtuchy 0'oo,-'V' Gnu TIC aN
ersce product Of an acre in Ohio nearly fifty pc cent
greater than in Kentucky. The products OF certain
grea, staples in each State are as follows:
rounds
(Ken,'Iy. .S5,sol l06 psm, KENTUCKY. .l7,7s7
Tobacco. }oho.. 10 454As hemP' oho.......... 80
bushels bushel.
49,, (Oho.....l+,4s7 S5l e.. Kentucky .Ss s72 sol
"hee'''' Kentucky 2l42S22 Oho..... 80 o5s .6e1
bushels pounds
(Oho.....5ssSsH D.i.y {Oho...... IS 2ss s9i
fosioe' K,utuek, o55 cas- rrots tKen,ueky .loelf1
pounds
~, (Ohio.. ..s, 1851 H. (Oho.....l443,lH
"o9i'''' Kentucky 2,2s2iS '' Kentucky. Il3,7G