The true Democrat., 1856-01-15

EfOm any intervention Tn Its affairs, and t lopt preventive measures to the same end hOhich on similar occasion, had the best re k Esuts in reassuring the peace of the Mexican MSates of Sonora and Lower California. E TREATIES.
 E Since the last session of Congress a treaty o
 .mitv, commerce, and navigation, and for tn. surrcnder of fugitive criminals, with the King M om of tte two Siclies; treaty of friendship Nf9mmerce, and navigation with Nicaragua: anc E convention of commercial reciprocity with 1he llaWal!n kingdom have been negotiated. T. EThe latter kingdom and the State of Nicaragua Eave also acceded to declaration, recognizing Es international rights the principles contained En the convention between the United State, End Russia, of the 22d of July, 1854 These Ereaaes and conventions will be laid before the Senate for ratification.
 TREASURY.
 The statements made, in my last annual mes slge, respecting the anticipated receipts and ex- n mditurcs of the treasury have been substan- taiiy verified.
 ltappears from the report of the Secretary, that the receipts during the last fiscal year end ir June 30, 1855, from all sources, were sixty. Eve million three thousand nine hundred and E thry dollars; and that the public expenditures for the same period, exclusive of paynpn+s op account of public debt, amounted to fftv-sx million three hundred and sixtv-fve thousand three hundred and ninety-three dollars. Dur ing the same period, the payments made in re- dempton oI the public debt, including interest { and premium, amounted to nine millions eight lundred and forty-iour thousand five hundred aal wenty-eight dollars
 Tho bo olanoa in o+ .l, Io. firg of the fiscal year, July 1, 1855 was eight millions nine hundred and seventy-six dollars: the receipts for the first quarter, and the esti mated receipts for the remaining three quarters amount, together, to sixty-seven million nine hundred and eighteen thousand seven hundred and tbirty-four dollars; thus afiording in all as the available resources of the current fiscal year the sum of eightysX million eight hun- dred and titty-SX thousand seven hundred and teu dollars.
 Ii, to the actual expenditures of the first quarter of the current fiscal year be added the probable expenditures for the remaining three quarters, as estimated by the Secretary of the Treasury, the sum total will be seventv-one million two hundred and twentv-six thou sand eight hundred and fortv-six dollars thereby leaving an estimated balance in the Treasury on July l. 1856, of fifteen millions sX hundred and twenty three thousand eight hundred and sixty-three dollars and fortv-one cents.
 In the above estimated expenditures of the present fiscal year are included three millions ot dollars to meet the last instalment of ten mllhonS, provided in the last treaty with Mex jco, and seven millions seven hundred and ff- ty thousand dollars appropriated on account of the debt due to Texas, which two sums make an aggregate amount of ten millions seven hundred and fifty thousand dollars, and reduce the expenditures, actual or estimated, for ordin- ary objects of the year, to the sum of sixty millions four hundred and seventy-six thou sand dollars
 The amount of the public debt, at the con- mencement of the present fiscal year. was for ty mill ona live hundred and eighty three thou sand SIX hundred and thirty one dollars, and deduction being made of subsequent pavmenta. the whole public debt of the federal govern ment remaining at this time is less than forty millions of dollars.
 The remnant of certain other government stocks, amounting 10 two hundred and forty three thousand dollars, referrcd to in my last message as outstanding, has since been paid.
 l am fully persuaded that it would be diff hcult to devlse system superior to that, by winch the fiscal business of the government Is HOW conducted. Notwithstanding the great plumber Of public agents of collection and dis bursement, 1t is believed that the cheeks and guards provided, including the requirement. of monthly returns render 1t scarcely possible for any considerable fraud on the part of those agents, or neglect involving hazard of serious public loss to escape, detection. re new, however, the recommendat ion heretofore made by me, Of the enactment of a law de- carng It felony on the part of public officers 10 insert false entries in their books of re- cord or account, or to make false returns; and also requiring them on the termination of their service to deliver to their successors all books. records, and other objects of public nature, in their custody.
 Derived as our public revenue is in chief part, from duties on imports, its magnitude af- lords gratifying evidence of the prosperity, not only of our commerce, but of the other great interests upon which that depends
 The principle that all moneys not required for the current expenses of the government should remain for active employment in the hands ofthe people, and the conspicuous fact that the annual revenue from all sources, exceeds, by many millions of dollars the amount needed for prudent and economical administration of public affairs, cannot fail to suggest the propre- ty oI an early revision and reduction of the tariff of duties on imports. It is now so gene rally conceded that the purpose of revenue alone can justify the imposition of duties on imports, that, in re- adjusting the import tables and schedules, which unquestionably require essential modlhcations, a departure from the principles of the present tariff is not anticipa- ted.
 The army, during the past year, has been ac- lively engaged ill defending the Indian frontier the state of the service permitting but few and small garrisons in our permanent Notifications. The additional regiments authorized at the last session of Congress have been recruited and or ganized, and large portion of the troops have already been sent to the field. All the duties, which devolve on the military establishment, have been satisfactorily performed, and the dan gers and privations incident to the character of the service required of our troops lave fur nlShed additional evidence of their courage, zeal and capacity to meet any requistion, which their country may make of them. For the de- tails of the military operations the distribution of the troops, and additional provisions requir- ed for the military service, I refer to the report of the Secretary of War and the accompany ing documents.
 Experience, gathered from events which have transpired since my last annual message, has but served to confirm the opinion then expres- sed of the proprety of making provision, by a retired list, for disabled officers, and for increas ed compensation to the officers retained on the list for active duty. All the reasons which ex- lsted when these measures were recommenG- cd on former occasions, continue without mo dlhcation, except so far as circumstances have given to some of them additional force.
 The recommendations heretofore made for partial reorganization of the army, are also renewed. The thorough elementary education given to those officers, who commence their ser vice with the grade of cadet, qualities them, to a considerable extent, to perform the duties of every arm of the service but to give the high est efficiency to artillery, requires the practice and special study of many years; and it is not. therefore, believed to be advisable to maintain. in time of peace, larger force of that arm than can be usually employed in the duties ap-