Raftsman's journal. [volume] (Clearfield, Pa.) 1854-1948, 1856-01-23
HISTORY OF Exc EssEyE WINTERS.
From Graham Magazine, JAM 1898.

HISTORY OF EXC ESsEyE WINTERS.
From Graham Magazine, Jam 1898.
INA. D. 4OI, the Black Sea was entirely fro
zen over.
In 462, the Danube was frozen, so that The
odomer marched over the ice to avense bis
brothers death in Suabia.
In 545, the cold was SO intense in winter
that the birds allowed themselves TO be
caught by the hand.
In 763, not only the Black Sea, but the Strait
of the Dardanelles was frozen over. The
snow in some places rose fifty feet high, and
the ice was so heaped in the cities as to push
down the walls.
In 800 the winter was intensely cold.
In 1922, the great rivers of Europe, such
as the Danube, the Elbe, and the Seine, were
so hard frozen as to bear heavy wagons for q
month In $50, the Adriatic was frozen.
In S74, the winter was very long and severe.
The Snow continued to fall from the beginning
Of November 10 the end of March, and en-
numbered the ground so much that the forests
were inaccessible for the supply of fuel,
In SOL, and again in 893, the vines were
killed by the frost, and the cattle perished in
their stalls.
In 991, the winter lasted very long with ex-
treme severity. Everything was frozen; the
crops totally failed; and famine and pesti-
lencc closed the year.
In 1914, great quantities of snow lay upon
the ground. The vines and fruit-trces were
destroyed, and famine onsued.
In 1867, the cold was so intense, that most
of the travellers in Germany were frozen to
death on the roads.
! In 1I2I, the winter was uncommonly severe
| and the snow lay very long.
| In 1913, it was extremely cold in Italy. The
Po was frozen from Cremona to the sea; the
| heaps of snow rendered the roads impossible;
the wine-casks were burst, and even trees split
by the action of the frost, with immense noise.
In lI70, the snow was eight feet deep in
Austria, and lay till Easter. The crops and
vintage failed; and great murrain consul
med the cattle.
The winters of 1909 and 1910, were both Of
tbem very severe. insomuch that the cattle
died for want of fodder.
In 1916, the Po froze fifteen ellis deep, and
wine burst the casks.
In 1884, the Po was again frozen; and load
ed wagons crossed the Adriatic to Venice.
fine forest was killed by the frost at Ravenna.
In 1886, the Danube was frozen to the bot
tom, and remained for considerable length
Of time in that state.
In 1869, the frost was most intense in Scot
land and the ground bound up. The CateSa
was frozen between Norway and Jutland.
! sc,rI ~, Avs
: tria as to bury the very houses.
In 1892. the Rhine was frozen over at Brey
7 sach, and bore loaded wagons. One sheet c
-. ice extended between Norway and Jutland, S
e that travellers passed with ease; and in Germa
/ nv 600 peasants We're employed to clear ava
a the snow fol- the advance of the Austrian army
r In 1905, the rivers in Germany were frozel
i and much distress was occ&sioned by the sea-
|, city of provisions and forage.
In 1916, the crops wholly failed in Germ
e nv. Wheat, which some years before sold
n ENGLAND at IS. a quarter, now rose to 81.
y In 1928. the winter was SO severe, that bot
a horse and foot passengers travelled over tt
d ice from Denmark to Lubec and Dantzic
d In 1889, the crops failed in Scotland al
s such a famine ensued that the poorer sort
i people were reduced to feed on grass, and m
of ny of them perished nliserably in the fields.
1t Yet in England, wheat was at this time sold
t. low as three shillings and fourpence quartz
in In 1874, it was clear frost from November
y March, and ali the rivers in Italy were froz
lg over.
nj In 1892, the vineyards and orchards were q
k sroved by the frost and the trees torn to piece
r. The year 1408 was one of the coolest WI
IA ters ever remembered. Not only the Danu
he was frozen over, but the sea between Norw
,i- and Denmark SO that wolves, driven FRI
t's their forests, came over the ice into Jutlar
IN In France, the vineyards and orchards VIZ
err dee+~~--~1
----~.VJ -
he In 1928, both the North Sea and the Bal
mt We're frozen. Travellers passed on 1907 II
Ias Lubec to Dantzic. In France, the frost pc
he trated into the cellars. Corn and wine iali
ha and men and cattle perished for want OF 10
ed The successive winters of lao2, 1902
&c 1884 wera uncommoniy severe. 1t sno'