davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Georgetown news., 1856-01-24
NO. 13.
Changes Of Climate.

History informs US that many of the
countries OF Europe, which now possesses
very mild winters at one time experienced
severe cold during this season of the Year
The Tiber at Rome, was often frozen over.
and snow at one time lay for forty days in
that city. The EuXinc Sea was frozen over
every winter during the time of Ovid, and
the rivers Rhine and Rhone used to be fro
zen SO deep, that the ice sustained loaded
wagons. The waters of the Iiber, Rhine
and Rhone, HOW flow freely every winter;
ice is unknown at Rome, and the waves of
the EuXine dash their wintry foam uncrys-
talized upon the rocks. Some one has as
crlbed these climate changes to agriculture;
the cutting down of dense forests, the expo
sure of the upturned soil to the summers
sun, and the draining of great Marshes
we do not believe that such great changes
could nave been produced on the climate of
any country by agriculture, and we are Ger
tam that no such theory can account for
the contrary change of fclimate-from warm
to Geld winters which history tells US has
taken place in other countries than those
named. Greenland receives its name from
the emerald herbage which once clothed its
valleys and mountains; and its east coast
which is now inaccessible, on account of
perpetual ice heaped upon its shores, was
in the eleventh century, the seat of flourish
ing Scandinavian colonies, all trace Of
which is now lost. Cold Labrador was ma
med Vinland by the Mortimer who visited
it a. u. 1000, and were charmed by its
then mild climate.
The cause of these changes is an impor-
tant inquiry. \ pamphlet, by John Muir
ray, civil engineer, has recently been pub
lished in London, in which he endeavors to
attribute these changes Of the climate to
the changeable position of the magnetic
poles. The magnetic variation or declina-
ton of the needle is well known. At the
present time it amounts in London to %
degrees, west north, while in 1858, the line
Of variation passed through England, and
then moved gradually west until 1916. Ia
that year a great removal of ice took place
on the coast of Greenland hence it is infer
| red that the cold meridian now passes thro'
Italy, and that if the magnetic meridian re-
turns as it is now doing, to its old lines in
Europe, Rome may once more see her Iiber
frozen over, and the merry Rhinelander
drive his team on the ice of his classic river
| Whether the changes of the climate men
toned have been caused by the change ot
the magnetic meridian or not, we have toe
few facts before US at present to decide con
clusiyely; but the idea, once spread abroad
will soon lead to such Investigations as will
no doubt remove every obscurity and settle
the question: Scientific american.
The Georgetown news., 1856-01-24
IN. Y. Herald.

How TO BE HAPPY-This question is an
swered in Halls Journal Of Health in the
following manner:
Reader, | have seen q great deal and felt
more have talked and travelled, and en-
joyed and suffered with all sorts of people;
have wandered much and stayed at home
more: have been on the sea, and in it, and
under it; have been laughed at, shot at, quar-
relied at, praised, blamed, abused; have been
blown at, and blown up; have had much,
and had little-so much as to enjoy moth
ing; so little that l would have enjoyed a
crust of bread, because the ship went to the
bottom with every thing in it, leaving me
to float to a Sandbank; and then, again,
have wandered over the earth, and under it,
and through it, its caves, and its dungeons
and darkness, after stalagmites and stalac-
tites; and specimens of black rocks and
white ones, blue stones and gray; lived for
months on desert islands, Just for the pur-
pose OF picking up new shells on the beach,
which the tide Of night never failed to leave
behind 1t; in those bygone days, when | had
the three great requisites of an ENJOYING
traveller, to wit; plenty of time, plenty OF
patience, and plenty of money, so if the
coach turned over and smashed up, [ could
afford to wait until another could be had
or If the ship went to the bottom instead OF
It's destined port, twas just the same to me
because if [ was not at one place | was at
another, and there was always some strange
rock to look at, some queer ''dip'' that set
me calculating how many horse power it
required to make that rock Just turn up 50,
and all the million inquiries which geology,
astronomy conchology, and dozen other
dry names suggested, which not only had
the effect to keep me from fretting, but
kept me ID an interested humor; well, in all
these different situations, and as many more,
have found out, among others, three
things:
lst, That a man out of money can't be
happy.
I'd. That man out of health can't be
happy.
Sd. That man without wife can't be
happy. Therefore, have come to the con-
cluslon that that the best uay to be Happy is
to take care Of your health, Keep out Of debt,
and get arJe.
The Georgetown news., 1856-01-24

FILLING UP THE RIVERA distinguish
ed naturalist and geologist gave it, a few
days since, as his opinion that, in a very
few years the Sacramento River would be
filled up by the deposites Of its tributaries
that it would not be nayigable, except for
the very Iightest draught boats, and that,
finally, its navigation would be entirely pre-
vented. The constant washings of earth
which are borne into the American and
Feather rivers from the thousand streams,
ravines, bitches and canals, and by these
rivers carried into the main Sacramento.
are already having a perceptible effect
Twenty years ago, the probability of riv-
er being rendered unnavigable in such a
manner would be looked upon as great ca
lamity; but in these times of railroads, riv-
ers, for purposes of navigation, are not con-
sidcrcd OF much use.
The Georgetown news., 1856-01-24
Central American AfFaIIs--The Condition
OF the States and their Relations.

OF the States and their Relations.
Recent events in Central America have
awakened in the United States a deep in
terest in the territory embraced in the
States of Nicaragua, Guatemala, Costa Ri
ca, Honduras and San Salvador. Our de-
sign, at this time is to give a condensed
statement Of the affairs of these republics,
and their relations to each other and to for
eign Powers.
The territory of Central America lies be-
tween the eighth and sixteenth parallels
north latitude and Mexico on its northern
border, the Caribbean Sea on the east, the
Pacific Ocean on the west, and New Gran
ada on the South. Its climate is mild and
healthful. Its mineral and agricultural
wealth is said to be unbounded. Its popu-
lation, estimated at two millions, is about
one-twelfth whites, four-twelfths mixed "a
ces, and seven-twelfths Indians. In 1903 it
was taken for Spain by an agent of Cortez,
and in 1921 it was formed into an indepen-
dent republic.
The confederation embraced the five
States above mentioned, and the following
Ill lo
The Georgetown news., 1856-01-24

PAPER MILL.-Messrs. Taylor and Post
have commenced erecting quite an extern
sive establishment, about ten miles from
Corte Madeira, in Marin county, designed
tor a paper mill. 1t is located Oh Daniels
Greek, which we are informed is a durable
stream, having sufficient supply of water
at all seasons to propel machinery for a
large manufacturing business. Messrs. Tav-
lor and Post are experienced paper manu-
facturers, from Norwich, Connecticut, and
the machinery for the mill now erecting,
was shipped from that place in November
last. They intend making all kinds of pa
per, and expect to find an ample market in
this country for more than they will be able
to furnish. We think this enterprise must
prove profitable if properly managed. The
price of all kinds Of paper in California,
and particularly book and newspaper, is
usually very high. Paper can be manutac-
tured here as well as anywhere else. We
have the material in abundance, at cheap
rates. from which it is produced. It's true,
wages for labor are yet eXorbltant, when
compared with rates prevailing elsewhere;
but the cheapness Of the raw material, and
the high price which paper always com
mands in this market, we think more than
counterbalances this disadvantage.-AHd.
The Georgetown news., 1856-01-24
Rules for Self Government.
BY A PRUDENT OLD erxTrru,x.

BY A PRUDENT OLD GENTLEMAN.
Ask no woman her age.
BE civil to all rich uncles and aunts.
Never joke with policeman.
Take no notes or gold with you to fan
cy bazaar; nothing but silver.
Don't play at chess with widow.
Never contradict a man who suffers.
Make friends with steward on board
steamer, there's no knowing how soon you
may be placed in his power. ~
Keep your own secrets. Tell no human
Write not one more letter than you can
helm The man who keeps up large cor
respondence is martyr, tied not TO the
stake, but to the post;
Wind up your conduct like your watch,
once every day, examining minutely whsth-
er YOU are EAST or slow.
The Georgetown news., 1856-01-24

Talking of conundrums, "
said old Hurricane, stretching himself all
over Social Hall, and sending out one Of
those mighty puts of Havana smoke which
had given him his name Talking of CO
nundrums, can any of you tell when ship
may be said to be in love?"
Il can tell can," snapped out Little
Turtle. Its when she wants to be man
ned
Just missed it, quoth Old Hurricane,
"by a mile. Try again. Who speaks
irst?"
81 do, secondly" answered Lemons
"1tS when she wants a mate"
Not correct" replied Hurricane The
question is still open"
"When she's ship ofgreat size (sighs)
modestly pronounced Mr.. Smoothly.
"When she's tender to a man Of qcGr,
said the Colonel, regarding the reflection of
his face in his boot
"Everything but correct, responded Hur-
ricane.
when she's struck away by heavy
swell" suggested Starlight.
Not as yet" said Hurricane. Come,
hurry along.'
when she makes much Of a fast sailor"
cried Smashpies.
Here there was great groan, and Smash
pies was thrown out Of the window. When
peace was restored, Old Hurricane "propel-
led" again.
you might have said, when she hugs
the wind, or when she runs down for d
smack or when she's after a cOnSort,' or
something of that sort But it wouldn't
have been right. The real solution is
when she's attached to buoy"
That's it, is it?'' said Smashpies, who
had mysteriouS y re-appeared. That's what
| just stepped cut to tell the ladies. Now
some of you tell me when ship is beloved?"
when the carpenter re guards her."
quoth Meister Karl! "Smashpies you must
find the cigars"
And Smashpies brought out his box of
Regalias and behold there came q great
cloud over Social Hall.
The Georgetown news., 1856-01-24

for six years. The present administration
is believed to be IN favor of the British gov
ernment, whose agents are continually in
triguing in all the Central American re-
publics. The Nicaragua route across the
IsthmuS runs along the frontier of Costa
Rica.
The British possessions in Central Amer
lea include British Honduras, the Bay Isl
ands, otherwise called Ruatan, and the tract
called Mosquito. These possessions really
belong to Honduras and Nicaragua, and
the British government holds them in def
ance of the treaty signed at Washington five
years ago, and commonly called the Clay
ton-Bulwer treaty, which coatains the fol-
lowing stipulation
Neither Power should occupy, or forti-
fy, or colOnize, or assume, or exercise any
dominion over Nicaragua, Costa Rica, the
Mosquito coast, or any part of Central
America; nor should either make use of any
protection whicn either affords or may af-
lord, or any alliance which either has or
may have to or with any other State or
people, for the purpose of erecting or main
tanning any such Notifications, or of occu-
pying, fortifying or colonizing Costa Rica,
the Mosquito coast or any part Of Central
America, or Of assuming or exercising do
minion over the same"
In defiance Of this, the government of
Great Britain holds the territory above
named, as absolutely as it controls the city
of London, and its agents, as we are inform
ed, are rapidly obtaining dangerous pre-
ponderance in Costa Rica.
We have thus endeavored to give the
plain facts, in order to show the Importance
of the question which is now before the ex-
ecutive of the United States, and which
will shortly come before Congress. We de-
sire that the people should understand the
matter and then Congress must follow
The popular voice is above treaties, and
tape, and diplomacy, and Congresses, and
Presidents, and humbugs generally. 1t is
of the highest Importance that our govern
ment should meet this question without fear
and without prejudice. The regularly ac-
credited Minister Of Nicaragua is now in
Washington, and has strong claims upon
the United States. 1t is for the mercantile
interest of this republic that good govern
ment should be maintained in Nicaragua.
Peace reigns within the borders of that
country for the first time in many years.
But its prosperity is menaced by foes from
without and enemies within. 1t asks for
the countenance and friendship Of the great
Republic Of the North, and it seems to US,
in the present state Of things, that the most
| rigid conservatism could not refuse to grant
so proper request. If we do not take a
step in the right direction now, some of us
may live to see the best part of Central
America erected into an English colony
and our right of way to the Pacific dispu-
ted by the British government.
N Y Herald
The Georgetown news., 1856-01-24
To My Mother.
BY FANNY FORESTER.

Give me my old seat, mother,
With my head upon thy knee;
I've passed through many changing seem
Since thus | sat by thee.
o let me look into thine eyes
Their meek, soft loving light
Falls like CLEAN of holiness,
Upon my heart tonight.
I've not been long away, mother;
Few suns have rose and set
Since last a tear-drOp on thy cheek
Ny lips in kisses met.
'Tis but little time | know,
But very long it seems,
Though every night come to thee,
Dear mother, in my dreams.
This world has kindly dealt, mother,
Bv the child thou Iov'st so well;
Thy prayers have circled round her path,
And twas their rosy spell
Which made their path so dearly bright
Which streWed the roses there
Which gave the light and cast the balm
On every breath of air.
bear happy heart, mother,
A happier never beat;
And even now, new buds Of hope
Are bursting at my feet.
oh, mother, life may be a dream,
But if such dreams are given,
While at the portals thus we stand,
What are the truths of Heaven?
bear happy heart, mother;
Yet when fond eyes | see,
And hear soft tones and winning words,
ever think of thee.
And then the tear my spirit weeps,
Unbidden fills my eye;
And like homeless dove, long
Unto thy breast to fly.
Then | am very sad. mother,
I'm very sad and lone;
Oh! there's no heart whose inmost fold
Opes to me like thine own;
Though sunny smiles wreathe blooming lips
While loye-tones meet my ear,
My mother, one fond glance of thine
We're thousand times more dear.
The Georgetown news., 1856-01-24
bic gives the statistics
9nO-000

Total ..... 1905 1000 900
There was dissolution Of this union in
1889, and in lS42 treaty of confederation
between Guatemala, Honduras, San Saliva
dor and Nicaragua, and Gen. Rivera Paz
was elevated to the Presidency. In 1915
there was an unsuccessful attempt to revolt
against Carrera, half breed who had been
elected aptain-General, and war broke out
between Honduras and San Salvador -
The last named State soon after made a
treaty Of alliance with Guatemala, and a
congress was held to settle the difficulties
between the States. 1t was unsuccessful
Guatemala lin l847) withdrew, and Carre-
"a has since been hostile to the other States
although his time has been pretty well ta-
ken up in chastising the Indians in his ter
ritory. They are very troublesome. Hon
duras, San Salvador and Nicaragua have
generally been friendly. Costa Rica is We
ry much under English domination.
Guatemala, the largest, wealthiest and
most populous Of the Central American
States, joins Mexico on the north and Hon
duras on the south. We lind the pOpula-
tion variously estimated, but think the a.
bove table nearly correct. There are only
seven or eight thousand whites; the remain
der are natives, or mixed races. Its prin-
cipal source of prosperity is the cochineal
trade, but it exports silver, mahogany, &C.,
to the amount of a million yearly. Its i'm
ports are about the same. Its exterior
debt, generally in bonds held in England,
is $400,000-interior, $8OO,O0O. 1t has a
standing army Of one thousand men, and a
militia force of five thousand Its govern
ment, according to the new constitution a.
dopted in 1851, is vested in President and
Legislative Assembly (ifty-nine deputies).
The Judges and Archbishop sit in the AS
sembly, which elects the President once in
four years. Raphael Carrera, the present
President is of mixed Indian and Spanish
blood, and is said to be military despot.
He is a good soldier and stern ruler
He was great friend Of Santa Anna, and
is terribly prejudiced against the North A.
mericans. His sympathies were entirely
with the aristocratic party in Nicaragua
and he was preparing to march to their aid
when the democrats under Walker took
Granada and ended the war. He has
however, succeeded in subjugating the par
! ty opposed to him in Honduras, and giyer
The Georgetown news., 1856-01-24

Bsg@"Dang me if l don't believe the
world is a wheel-barrow," said jolly inc
briate, sand I'm the wheel revolving on the
haxis. Now I'm in the mud" said he, as
he fell headlong in the gutter, land now
I'm on dry land" as he fetched up on tne
curbstone His concluding remark as his
boots followed his head down an open eel
lar-wav, was. "now the wheel is broken and
the vehicle is out of repair
The Georgetown news., 1856-01-24
Divine Worship.

Rsv. DAVID MCCLURE, of the Presbytery OF
s4n Francisco, breaches every Sabbath morning
and evening in the Town Hall, Georgetown. Ser
-ices commencing at IOt o'clock A. NJ, and
PM Also every Sabbath afternoon at Bottle
Hill at 3 o'clock. PRAYER meeting at the Par
souag~ on Wednesday evenings.
The Georgetown news., 1856-01-24
Public Worship.

There will b. preaching at the Town Hall,
every Thursday evening, at o'clock, p. NJ; al
- upon every other Sabbath, 3 at o'clock, 2. NJ.
BY Rev. r. r BRooEsHIER, Of the Methodist r.
piieopal Church South.
The Georgetown news., 1856-01-24
BUSINESS CARDS.
Goo. q. Webster,
VIM. Ewing,

ATTORNEY AND COUNSELLOR AT LAW.
Uffce at Lower Johntown, FL Dorado Co., Cal
November 18th, 1855. [3-4t*
The Georgetown news., 1856-01-24

A mans own good breeding is his best
against other peoples Ill manners
The Georgetown news., 1856-01-24

Public WorshIp.~~At the School House,
GerEetown. Regular appointments of Rev JNo.
SHARP, of NJ. E. Church, lO1 A. NJ. and P. NJ,
every sabbath. Occasional supplies by other
Ministers. Prayer meetings, Wednesday even
iuxs at P. N. Sabbath School st A. NJ.
The Georgetown news., 1856-01-24
Books q Stationery.

A Literary Depot, is opened by the under
n signed, on Main Street, Bottle Hill. at which.
BOOKS, MAGAZINES and NEWSPA APERS of
every variety and OF the latest date, can be had
upon application.
JAMISON 4 CALDWELL.
Bottle Hill, April 18th, 1855. [27-tf.
The Georgetown news., 1856-01-24
Z. .. OF O. e.

rs. Of T.-Georgetown Division, No AZ,
y Sons of Temperance, meets every Tues
~ day evening, at o'clock, in their Hall
on anon street, Georgetown.
Nj brethr9n N good standing are invited to at
tend. W. \. GEORGE, w. 7.
YRYp. COLLINS. r. s.
The Georgetown news., 1856-01-24

that republic President of his own choos-
ing. Carrera is the worst enemy in the
way of the present government of Nicara-
The Athens post. [volume] (Athens, Tenn.) 1848-1917, 1856-11-14
A ITEMS FOUNDRY
nEach11ae WORKS.


THE subscriber would respectfully An.
Il nounce to the citizens of Athens and tb.
public generally, that he is now in operation
and prepared to do
. a . IT 7 NJ G.
Of every description in his line and would
therefore solicit orders from all those who NAV
want anything of the kind.
He is now casting and has for sale diff.
ferent sizes of the Globe, or Alright Cook
Stoves, furnished complete; various sizes Of
Parlor, Nine Plate, Chamber, Office and Shop
Stoves. Also, Hollow Ware; Waffle Irons;
Ploughs, right and left hand.
Also, the Kilgore Spiral or Incline Water
Wheel, which will saw from two TO FIVE thou
sand feet per day. All kinds Of
M a Q Ell 7 NJ n R<
fitted up in the best and most durable manner.
and upon short notice.
Also, Iron Railing Of every description.
He is also prepared to do all kinds Of
Brass casting.
The highest Cash price will be paid for
OLD COPPER. C. ZIMMERMAN
p. S. There is connected with the Works
an excellent Pattern Maker SO that persons
wishing castings can have patterns made to
order. CT
Athens,sTenn.. July is. ls56-tf 4Os
The Athens post. [volume] (Athens, Tenn.) 1848-1917, 1856-11-14
Notice,

T AND Warrant No. 1884, for 100 acres,
IL issued under act of Sd March, 1855. to
John Lotus. private in Capt. Roberson's
Company Col. Austin's Regiment, war of 1912,
against Great Britain. has failed to come to
hand, aud is supposed to be lost. All pei sons
are hereby forewarned from trading for said
warrant-no one having any authority to
transfer or convery the same. All persons
are hereby notified that intend filing in the
General Land Office a caceat, asking said
warrant to be cancelled and duplicate to
issue. JOHN LOTUS.
Oct Is, 1S56-6t-42l
The Athens post. [volume] (Athens, Tenn.) 1848-1917, 1856-11-14
La.N.D H:aRR.a.N.r LOST.

4 LII persons are hereby notified that on
"A the 9Th day of February, 1854, there was
issued from the Department of the Interior,
Bounty Land Warrant, No. 97.746, for 40
acres, in the name Of Samuel Ellington, and
sent to the address of Key d Hopkins, Madi.
sonville, Tennessee. Said Warrant has been
lost or fraudulently obtained by some person
not authorized either to receive or assign the
same, and all persons are hereby forewarne ed
to have nothing to do with said Warrant, as
it is my intention to have the same caveated
and duplicate to issue.
SAMUEL ELLINGTON.
Oct II, ls56-6t-42l
The Athens post. [volume] (Athens, Tenn.) 1848-1917, 1856-11-14
M cd Ell Clothing Store.
Cleveland, Tenn.

-
HAVE just received one OF the largest and finest
II stocks of READY-MdDE CLOTHING that has
ever been opened in this market, which was selected
with the greatest care by who is well posted In
Fashions and In the value Of Clothing and all OF which
was made to order and to IT, The stock 10 general,
and consists in part OF Coats all styles; Pants to suit
Drawers Cravas great variety; Collars OF the latest
cut; Hosiery Of descriptions fine Calf Skin Stitched
Boots and Shoes the latest style CATERS; Childrens
Shoes, &c. Also, a fine assortment OF Hats, Of the
approved styles. Together with numberess other
articles OF which shall not attempt to speak here, but
will take the greatest pleasure In showing to all who
may favor with call. All Of which offered for
sale cheap for casino humbug about It
may 0-1y-39S W. @. HAINES.
The Athens post. [volume] (Athens, Tenn.) 1848-1917, 1856-11-14
Another Fresh Supply of Drugs.

WHICH, added to my old, make. nv
w present stock large for this market
consisting in part, Of the following: Oils,
Lintseed, Tanners. Lard and Neatsfoot; Sp'ts
Turpentine; Copal Japan and Leather Var.
nish; Paint, Varnish and Sash Brushes; Blend
els and Granting Brushes; White Lead. dry
and in Oil; Zine in Oil; Pessories; Gumeiastie
Globes, with and without tubes; Window
Glass, IL by Is; Putty; Glaciers Diamonds:
Wines; Brandy, and Jamaica Spirits, for
medical uses-and many other articles
Will be sold for cash only.
Oct % WM pIrpNo