The Ottawa free trader. [volume] (Ottawa, Ill.) 1843-1916, 1856-12-06

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forth declaration containing two principles
,vhich.th.s goyern,.ient had submitted nearly
two wears Before 50 ..le consideration of mari
lime powers, and added thereto the followr:,
propositions; priratccring is, and remains
abolished, ahi tlcckades, in order to be
binding, nus i,e effective that is to say,
maintained by ( force sufficient really 20 Pre-
vent accc-s - The coast OF the cnef,r. a:id
% tie .tIlaf.tion thus cg'.l,pcsed - four
poi:;i- tao cf which hr'' 3.ireed. tecr pro
l.cae,, By the Unite. Elaies.
This Government has been invited to
accede by all The Powers represented at
Paris, except Great Britain and Turkey, to
the last of the two additional propositions
That in relation to blockades there can GER
tainly be no objection.
1t is merely the definition Of wha. shall
constitute the effeciual investment OF a block
AIDED place-a definition FOR which this &C.
vcrnmcnt has always ccn.snde.ii csiming
Indemnity for losses wlicie a practical viola
ton Of Tie rule thus defined has been iniu-
rious to ou. commerce. rs to the remain.
ing article of the declaration of the Confer
c.!ce OF Paro-that priTateering 7: and re-
mains abolishcd-I certainly cannc: asc,ibs
TO the pcYf,Fs represented in the Conference
c. l-ari-, any bit liberal and philan.hrops
fici;s in The attempt &c change the ;.nquc :
.Snotls I.ile Ci maritime law in regard 10
prisatce.in2. Their proposition was doubt
less intended to imply approval of the prin-
CT! l. that private property upon tie ocean,
although it may belong TO the citizens of a
bci,igerent State, should be exempted from
capture; and had that proposition been SO
framed as to give full effect to the principlc,
it would have received my ready assent on
behalf of the United States but the rea-
swre PROPOSED is inadequate 10 that purpo
t IS ..1e, Il adopted private property up
81 the oCran would he withdraw from, one
node s. p,s.uorr; bat eft exposed :,car'
:,i;,is, e another moac ~ticl, could he used
w:th decreased effectiveness. The aggressive
eapacii- 81 graS, naval powers would lie
thereby . 8mcnted. while ,hc defensive soili-
II ii others wovid DC TsaEeci, THcs,s', the
Surrender s! the means Of !. c,ecaiing hCN-
tilit:cc ~ employing privatecrs rs propose :
by tbs conference of Paris Is nIUrcl -
terms, yet in practical eject, it world Z:
the rc.iaqU,,hgrsE: o. a right Of little value
- one class o. ,tr:e-, BIZ. 6 essential i'm
portance TO another and fsr larger elrss.
Ii ought not to have been anticipated that L
measure - 'nadc90-te - TIE accompIish-
mcnt of the pr-tcsest sijcci and so unequal
= its operation, would receive the assent
or all nlcgIiIme powers. Private property
road be still lcft 10 the deyrti -t.ous II the
puL.i: armed c~gz,,-c.
! ha-. ,>pre-scd : READINESS On the part
q d..S government, to acccde t. al tbs prin-
cplcs contained IN the declaration Of the
conference OF Paris, provided ihat relating
10 the Abandonment Of privatecring car be
SC sIpcnIed az :" Eject the Ot,sec, or which
as IS presumed, 1t was Intended the iminu-
HIiy Of vrlyatc prcpcr,v or TIE ocean from
hos;i. capture. SO ciFe> .ri- object. il is
proposed to add tie Srciafa,sc. thzt fpri
yatcerng = ans ~ ;H;5inS abolished .:-c fol-
.owir@ aI:-cr-In mt: And that the private
propc.tr q su' SccAs asd c;.--r'is - bet:
licerert CT tie high: SER. s's,'. be e'cu7pt
fro-r s-i,'rs :, thc p'-blic v:S~,!; = the
ott-- oe!li rerl - except il be co1trz'- ID. "
Ih!. a--andmcnt has been p~e-grtct not on
J. % &c 2o~cit which h-ye a@.-c1 our as
ec-... - &c fyc.~:r''''i = abolish priTrteer-
ny, 1r' e II o-i.-r ry-ri;ime states Thus
far 4 has not bec9 rejected by any and IS
iavorahly oa:e-'-in,d by "a '-Aich he:~e
'-~Gc any -5mr..unication in rcrl-
Scver-l % -h@ COW -racnts, re-ariin-
With TO - proposition =: re Nnird
>t,tcS, La'e &c red G---a-i-5 aclo,, upon
i only for tie purPC-s 81 cCrs~iti-r- with
c-.er., parties to tn c-ulercr'cc - sFaris.
1 have the satisfaction OF itatii . how .ver.
that the Emperor Of Russia h--- c,I1.ely -nd
explicitly approved Of that -v--tl'ec-ticn and
w.ll co opera, J.. c;,.leas IN - c'-t$in the
asie~t cf ct'ssr powers ard tE~t 5sc- frances
e : in 81 r.-rr,.. haze lccr received g.
relation 10 the u. eoa;-iUE q he Emperor .
the French.
The pryssn. aspect Of his fmportar! SUI.
$40 -.
TrifIJiPiz,su hn""en. a. sI.---%tSf y 1l.sa
and equal in its operation, 50 essential TO the
prosperity OF Commercial. nations and %
conSonaut 10 the sentiments of this en'i-ht-
ened period Of the word, win command 1he
appreciation OF all maritime powers, aud
thus bc Incorporated into th- cole of :at.r-
national law.
Ny views on the subicc. are more fiI'lys,t
forth IN the reply Of the Sccretsrv Of State.
= coy CT which is herewith trausIA ;;-5:, to
the cC:as"'.nica,ioHs IN the subject made IL
this goTvrHmcDt. eSu~-iHllv to the ccp,riu-
uicai.gu Of France.
ruc goYcru~c.. Cf .i:c ni:cd s.atc : las
II I'll tines regarded with friendly ;a;creSt
lie .,-,- S,~i4s of America. fo-r~crlv, IKE
this country, LV:cles-- cciL -ics -.--s nov
in@cps cent mCmt-~s g -. =raet sa--iv of
ua..o:.- H"t she -reptteI -o-t!i,ic-t of
some Of them. ds-::::;--te;- ~ .recrc-t rc-o-
lr.'crs. and thUc .srlpat'e Of -cgu'ar and
fr~ Neral Naturalization. his ,cvtis,l to
cmbarra55' OCCASIONALLY -..r III biz s-:er-
course, Ly r-scOn Of wrongs v.I-i-i- or citi-
7ens suffer 1T their ha1js -nt Tls,N thcv
erc SLOW . redress
Unfortunately it IS agti.s.. the Reprblic of
N.vico. With sich it is or special desire
t. rr';t-ca:n Il Sood understanding, tt-t -cA
complai"t. are mo-. I-,,Inercus. ~, a.
though .1-'rcstiy ut.-eC 'pSr is f-'>Ht;on.
they have nc - yet ~cceiFed tie cctsidcra-
ton which this ,c"ernmcrt t~d = right to
expect. While repgrrfion ic- at ;,,:-rics
has been withheld, others have seen eS1lc,l.
The political condition of tina, ca '-tr- how
ever, has beer such as TO dem md forte~r-
ance on the part OF the United Sla-ss.
shall continue my efforts TO pro.u~e fC.. .he
wrongs of our citizens that redress w-sch =
Indispensable To thc continued friendly asso-
citation of the two republics.
The peculiar condition of affairs in Mica
rsgua in the early part Of the present wear,
rendered 1t important that this government
should have diplomatic relations with that
state. Through its territory had been opcn-
cd o., % the principal ihorougtfares across
the isth->'.s connecting North and South
1nerica, o. which vast amount Of propcr-
ty was transported. and to which our citi-
zc-'- resoried in great numhers in passing
tc.wee~ the Atlantic and Pacific coasts of
.he ;f-'tSs Nsr'teS: The protection of both
required Iha. .hc existing power in that
state sioS!!G o. regarded as responsible 20
vernment; and its minister WAS accordingly
received. Rut he remarked here only short
tine. Soon thereafter the political affairs of
Nicaragua r:-de-v'e-tt r'rs'.crable change,
and became involved n sci. uncertainty
and confusion. Diplomatic .c3 resentativcs
from two contsnding parties .:a.e been re-
Gently sent to this ge'',-:t-'ea. but, with
the imperfect Information pt:,eeSsed il was