Carroll free press. [volume] (Carrollton [Ohio]) 1834-1861, 1856-01-10

fundamental condition Of tbe eOnsuluiiOn.-I
Without il the United States WOuld never have
existed. However dssirOus the larger States
might be TO reorganiEe the government so as
to give to their population is prOPOrtionaie
weight in the common councils. they knsv it
was impossible. unless they conceded TO the
smaller ones authority 10 exercise ct least a
negative influence Of the government, whether
Legislative or executive. through their equal
representation in the senate. Indeed the lary-
er States themselves could not have failed 10
perceive, that the same power was equally ne
cessary to them, for the security Of their own
domestic interests against the aggregate fOrce
Of the general government Iu word. the
original States went into this permanent league
on the agreed premises, Of exerliug their CON-
mon strength for the defence ofthe whole, and
Of all It's parts; but Of utterly eKclading all
capability Of reciprocal aggression. Each SOL
emnly bound itsCR to all the others, neither to
undertake, nor permit, any encrOachment up.
on, or intermeddling with snother's reserved
rights.
When It was deemed expedient, particular
rights Of the States we're expressly guaranteed
by the constitution; but, in all things beside,
these rights we're guarded by the limitation Of
the powers granted in the compact Of union
Thus. the great power Of taxation was limited
to purposes of common defence and general
welfare, excluding objects appertaining TO the
local legislation Of the several States: and
those purposes of general welfare and common
defence we're afterwards defined by specific
enumeration, as being matters only Of corela-
ton between the States themselves, or be.
tween them and foreign governments, which,
because Of their common and general nature,
could not be left to the separate cOntr'l Of each
State.
OF the circumstances Of local condition, in
terest and rights, in which a portion OF tn
States, constituting one great section OF Union
differed from the rest, aud from another sec
. tion, the most important was the popularity
larger relative colOred population in Ih
. Southern than in the northern States. pop
ulalion Of this class, held in subjection, exisie
? in nearly all the States; but was more numei
GUS and Of more serious concernment to th
South than to the North on account of natu
raj differences Of climate and production; an
4. il was foreseen that, for the same reasons, whl
e this population would diminish, and, sooner G
later, cease to exist 10 some States, it might II
= crease in others. The peculiar character an
Il magnitude Of this question Of local rights. nj
!. in material relations only, but still more in SC
!. cial ones, caused it TO enter into the speci
s stipuatons of the Constitution.
{. Hence, while the General Government,
}. well by the enumerated powers granted to
as bv those not enumerated, and therefore, r
= fused to it, was forbidden to touch this matt
in the sense Of attack or offence, il was place
under the general safeguard of the Union.
= the sense Of defence against either invasion
domestic violence, like AL other local inteies
al of the several States Each State express
10 stipulated, as well for itselfas for each and
. of its citizens, and every citizen Of each Sta
A. became soemnIy bound by his allegiance
tie the constitution, that any person held TO Sc
6, vice or labor in one State. escaping into
te other, should not, in consequence of any Ia
:, or regulation thereof. be discharged from su
r. labor or service, but should be delivered up
m claim Of the party to whom such service or
IS Dor might be due by the laws of his State.
s Thus, and thus only, by the reciprocal qua
e snty Of all the righw Of every State again
interference on the part of another. was &
l. present form of Government established by o
D. fathers and transmitted TO us; and by no 9th
~ means is it possible for it TO exist. If o
~ - State ceases to respect The rights of anothC
ne and obrusvely intermeddles with its local
to terests if portion of the States assur
'e to impose their institutions on the others,
81 refuse 10 fulfil their obligations 10 them.-'
e arc no longer united friendly States, but d
T. tracted, hostile ones, with little capacity
or for common advantage, bat abundant nea
y OF reciprocal injury and mischief.
~ ~ Practically 1t is inmstenal whatever aggr'
3. sive interference between the States, or deli
crate refusal on the part of any of them
" comply with constitutional obligations, ar
as from erroneous conviction or blind prelude
b. whether it be perpeIrated by direction or in'
e, rection. In either case, it is full of threat
in of danger, to the durability of the Union
@. CONSTITUTIONAL RELATIONS OF SLAVERY.
IN Placed in the Office of Chief MagistraI
a. as tAe Executive Agent Of the whole countr
I'd bound to take care that the laws be faithful
ur executed, and specially enjoined by the Cons
el tuition to give information to Congress on t
pc state of the Union, it would be palpabe ne