The daily union., 1856-03-28

him how that effect is oounteracted and win show hin
from experience and not from hypothesis About eigh
cents per yard OF the reduction IN the price OF The cotton
goods alluded 10 is owing the reduction In the cost o
cotton-leayng foryonr cents TO be otherwise account
ed for ......
Mr. President up Tie period when the manufacture
cotton introduced into this country and indeed for
many years subsequent comparatively very little improve
ment had been made In the machinery for the purpose
from the days of ArkHright Even the power loom in
vented before 1890 not brought into in England
till after our last with that country When, however
il seemed likely that 10 become competitors In this
business the British machinst commenced the Of i'm
proysmeni in machinery TO facilitate the manufacture OF
goods reduce their cost and thereby 10 counteac the
effect Of dues The American machnist accepted the
challenge and entered the Of Improvement The
British manufacturers adopted the power loom. The Amer
leans did the same and up 10 the present momen there
has been continuous rivalry between the countries
in the Of Improvement and invention, in which
have been behind. By this means sir with the aid, OF
Of increased skill has the reduction Of wo cents
been made in the cost Of yard Of cloth To this
has the British manufacturer been driven by American
competition That competition could have been
red out by US without government protection. The du
tics imposed, therefore, instead OF having enhanced
prices 10 the consumer have been the indirect of
ducng them at least seventy per cent Sir these facts
circumstances the theory that high duties make high prices
would be correct As il is not so, hazard nothing in
saying sir that the people OF this country instead of losing
in purchases by of duties have of the
reduction IN prices saved money than the manusac
turcrs have made and the facts have stated apply not
only TO cotton goods but to the products Of almost every
oher banch oil manufactures ana mechanics prosecuted In
this country TO any great extent But high protective du
ties Tor the sake OF protection not asked for and
trust sir we shall be willing to extend the small measure
OF relief and encouragement which this bill proposes in
eident TO the revenue system.
Mr. President all win grant that the creation of wealth
by means of labor and skill is matter Of vast aud Of
VITAL Importance to this is every other country in
stead oil casting il into the hands of foreign nations And
sir what is the result in that respect from
factories and mechanical establishments Take cotton
again for the Illustration Every pound of cotton manu-
factured into cloth lie increased in value by least
hundred and fifty per cent Of this increase less than
hundred per cent is added by labor alone and the
quantity in the United States per annum is
about six hundred thousand hfle which, have seem
increased in value hundred and fifty per cent and
all this much wealth actually created in
country by industry Certainly it be better
to such amount at home than to pay it to
foreign countries. Is not business which yields
nually such harvest Of wealth worthy of small
couragement2 And there other branches, such as
woollens iron, &c. which contribute their full shares
the aggregate accumulation And what we to gain by
opposite course Why nothing We shall only crush
the business of our productive classes and yield TO
foreigners the monopoly of our markets and pay mil
lions every year for labor which into foreign prod
uctg, which just wel furnish by the employ
ment OF labor Of our own through our capital and skill
Such would be the effect
Mr. President have much respect for the interests
Of my country and too much sympathy for the welfare of
the workingmen and operatives within its borders
deprecate the idea OF seeing the reduced again TO
ssrye dependence foreigners for the supply of all
in respect 10 manufactured products the
Others crushed in the depths of helpless and hopeless pow
ery rather than attempt to relieve them from part of
their burdens and TO encourage them 10 in their
industrial pursuits by just and liberal policy. 1t 10 for
their sake particularly 10 that Of The public interest
that ask for such modification of the tariff of lsae as
who have done 50 much towards making country what
she s and who necessary 10 her independence and
10 her future growth and prosperity.
perfectly aware sir of the argument set up, that
free market the United States for articles OF European
production extensive market in Europe for the
surplus products Of soil but sir Il appears to me that
there sound than substance In this argument IN
its practical application. 1t strikes me as much more IN
accordance with political economy and individual interest
Tor the aariouturs build up market Al home than to
seek foreign one.
Mr. President, suppose were 70 admit the argument
noticed as valid one what would be the conclusion
why sir we must withhold all relief and encouragement
from manufacturers and mechanics and deprive the coun-
try Of the benefits of their operations 10 make EnroPan
market for the products of the soil In my views TINS
would be hut of protection TO the agricultural
interest greatly the injury Of many others and TO some
entirely ruinous But sir the argument not valid one
Ii lacks only consistency, but truth.
Sir during the fiscal year ending June 30 ls5A tns
value Of breadstus Of all kinds exported from the United
States was about s4soooooo Add 70 tbs sm0an. ,ns
value Of all animal products exported and the amount
Is sec 100000 But IL will he reconecied fhsi tne war IN
Europe enhanced the amount and the prices rose over
former about hundred per cent To onset TINS
Of exportation had imports during the same
period Of manufactured WOOL cotton silk, and iron ana
steal and unwrougbt iron, to the amount IN rouna
numbers of Sl2600OoO0 Here four articles oniy'
all Of which are manufactured in the United saies
imported from Europe Of nearly twice the fsine oi
I oil the erporis of hrcAdstufs and animal producN
and with the usual prices for agricultural prod
ucts the disparity would be much greater Thus, IL
is seen four branches Of business which, N duly enoonr
aged might supply all wants in their respective lines
are deprived OF business nearly the value OF onehsf
these products which given 10 foreign manufacturers 70
increase foreign capital and to pay and feed and eotho
foreign workmeu. Aud now, sir, would ask who s the
hest customer the American farnerf Who ceals WIN
him the extensively and pays him the Dot generous
proais9 | have not a doubt the people OF The United
Stats But he wishes market for the excess OF MS proo
urts over tho demand Of the home market We'll SIR, oy
pursuing the proper course he readily create that mar
kct and prevent the trouble delay and expense o. ens
rnration TO foreign let him encourage our home
and mechanics by enabling them TO compete
successfully with Foreigners and be wl not only see The
establishments already existing honrishing and propernE,
but see them multiply and spring up all over the Union,
ana open market at his very door And this market will
be much more prompt and steady and profitable than
those on the other side Of the Atlantic BY such means
win he gresiy multiplied and become better
able to purchase the products of the farm.
Mr. President great and welknown writer and sises
half century since made remarks on this sub
i.c which hee leave quote Having spoken Of the e
forts Of every nation produce from Its so s u
qured Of agricultural products to supply Its own wants
and regulating its policy as 10 admit from abroad onJ
enough to supply any deficiency, he proceeds
a. consequence of the policy which has been noted s
that The foreign demand for the products of agricultural
countries IT, in great degree rather casual and occasions
than certain constant"
Again he says
Independently likewise Of srthcs mpediments, which
are created by the policy question natural
tending render the external dsmsnd for the surplus sg
cultural natons precarious reliance The difference Of
sons the countries which consumers makes tmens
IL. -. "A