The Cadiz Democratic sentinel. [volume] (Cadiz, Ohio) 1854-1864, 1856-12-10


two Of the routes, those Of Nicaragua and Hondu-
ras, were deemed by the United States, not mere
ly incompatible with the main object of the treat
Y. but opposed even to IFS express stipulations.
Occasions Of controversy on this point he's been
by on additional treaty, which our Min
lister at London has concluded, and which viii
be Immediately submitted to the Senate for con-
sideration. Should the supposed supplemental
arrangement be. concurred in by all the parties
to be affected by il, the objects contemplated by
the original Convention will have been fully at
tanned.
The treaty between the United States and
Great Britain, on the 9th of June, 1854, which
went into operation in 1855, put an end to
causes of irritation between the two Countries,
by securing to the United States the right of
fishery on the British North American provin-
ces, with advantages equal TO those enjoyed
by British subjects. Besides the oignal benefits
Of this treaty 10 large class of our citizens en-
gagged in pursuit connected to no inconsidera-
BE derree with our national prosperity and
strength, it has lad favorable effect upon other
interests in the provisions it has made for re-
ciprocal freedom of trade between the United
States and the British provinces in America.
The exports of domestic articles to those pro-
vinces during the last year amounted to more
than twenty-five million of dollars, exceeding
those of the proceeding year by nearly seven
millions of dollars; and the imports thereirom,
during the same period, amounted to more than
tWenty-one millions-an increase cf six millions
upon those of the previous year.
The improved condition of this branch OF
our commerce is mainly attributable to the
above mentioned treaty.
Provision was made, in the first article of that
treaty, for commission to designate the mouths
of rivers to which the common right of fishery,
on the coast of the United States and the Brit
ish Provinces, was not to extend. This COM
mission has been employed part of two sea-
sons, but without much progress in accomplish
ing the objects for which it was instituted, in
consequence of serious difference of opinion
between the commissioners, not only as to the
precise point where the rivers terminate, but in
many instances as to what constitutes river
These difficulties, however, may be overcome
by resort to the umpirage provided for by the
treaty.
The efforts perseveringly prosecuted since
the commencement of my administration, to re.
lieve our trade to the Baltic from the exactior
of sound dues by Denmark, have not yet been
attended with success. Other governments
have also sought to obtain'a like relief toe then
commerce. and Denmark was thus induced tc
propose an arrangement to all the European
Powers interested in the subject; and the man
ner in which her proposition was received
warranting Eel to believe that a satisfactory ar,
rangcment with them could soon be concluded
she madea strong appeal to this government fol
temporary suspension Of definite action on iG
part, in consideration Of the embarrassment
which might result to her European negotiations
by an immediate adjustment of the question
with the United States. This request hai
been acceded to, upon the condition that tht
sums collected after fhe 10th Of June last, anc
until the 18th Of June next, from vessels ant
caTgoes belonging to our merchants are to bt
considered as paid under protest and subject Il
future adjustment. There is reason to believt
that an arrangement, between Denmark ant
the maratime powers of Europe on the subjec
will lie soon concluded, and that the pending
negotiation with the United States may then bt
resumed and terminated in satisfactory man
ner.
| With Spain no new difficulties have arisen
nor has much progress been made in the adjust
ment of pending ones.
| Negotiations entered into for the purpose o
relieving our Commercial intercourse with thu
Island Of Cuba Of some Of its burdens, anC
providing for the more speedy settlement of 10
cal disputes growing out Of that intercourse
have not yet been attained with any results.
Soon after the commencement fthe late wa
| in Europe, this government submitted to th
consideration Of all maritime nations, two prin
ciples for the security of neutral commerce.
One, that the neutral flag should cover enemies
goods, except articles contraband of war; ant
the other, that neutral property on board mer
chant vessels of Eelligerents should be exemp
from condemnation, with the exception of con
traband articles These were not presented a
new rules of international law; having been gen
orally claimed by neutras, though not alway
admitted by bclIigerents. One of the partic
to the war-Russia--as well as several neutra
powers, promptly accceded to these propositions
and the two other principal belligerents, Grea
Britain and France, having consented to obse1y
them for the present occasion, q favorable op
portunity seemed to be presented for obtainin
a general recognition of them both in Europ
and AmsIica.
But Great Britain and France, in commo
with most Of the States Of Europe, while fol
bearing to reject, did not affirmatively act upo
the overtures of the United States
While the question was in this position, th
representatives of Russia, France, Great Britain
Austria, Prussia, Sardinia and Turkey, assen
bled at Paris, took into consideration the sui
Iiect of maratime rights and put forth declars
ton containing the two principles which tn
government had submitted, nearly two veal
before, to the consideration of maratime power
n and adding thereto the following propositions
"Privateering is and remains abolished,'' an
| "Blockades, in order to be binding, must be e
Gective, that is to say maintained by force, su
ficient really, to prevent access to the coast
r the enemy" and to the declaration thus con
posed of four points, two of which had alread
been proposed by the United States this go
. ernment has been invited to accede by all ii
powers represented at Paris, except Great Br
: tain and Turkey. To the last of the two &C
: ditional propositions-that in relation to blocl
, ades-there can be no objection. 1t is mere
the definition Of what shall constitute the effe
e tual investment of a blockaded place, defin
/ tion for which this government has always CO..
= tended, claiming indemnity for losses where
n ptactical violation of the rule thus defined h
r been injurious to our commerce As to the I
S naming article Of the declaration of the confe
ence of Paris, "that privateering is and renal
: abolished" l certainly cannot ascribe to Il
S powers represented in the conference Of Par
y any but liberal and philanthropic views in /
: attempt to change the unquestionable rule
: maratime power in regard to privateering. The
e proposition was doubtless intended to imply q
0 proyal OF the principle that private property u
on the ocean, although it might belong to It
l. citizens Of belligcrent state, should be exem
e ted from capture; and had that proposition be
so framed as to give full effect to the princip
= it would have received my ready assent on beh
n of the United States. But, the measure pi
st posed is iaedequate to that specific purpose.
of is true tliM if adopted, private property up
j. the ocean would be withdrawn from one mo
e Of nlnnder. but left exposed. meanwhile, to Q