The daily union., 1856-12-30

all would 20 to slave States only
Now how Is the fact Z or these three hundred aud
thirty-wo thousand eight hundred and eghty-two onp
hundred and hytwo thousand hundred and twenty
eight Of Virgnas children who have gone abroad hav,
settled in the saveholding Territories and Sates-n
kansas Alabama, the District OF Columbia, Delaware
Florida Georgia Louisiana, Maryland Mississippi Mis-
ssui North Carolina South Carolina and Tennessee To
those States which are free Of slavery and early
settled there have gone from Virginia and resi-
ding according 70 the census in California Connecticut
Illinois, Indiana Iowa, Maine Massachusetts New Hamp-
shire, New Jersey New York, Ohio, Pennsylvania Rhode
Island and Wisconsin, hundred and eighty thousand
six hundred and ffyour TRrty thousand more of the
children Virginia have settled in the free States than in
the slave States, leaving out Kentucky.
Mr.. ADAMS. desire to ask my friend a question. By
the census OF 1850 IL appears that there that time
residing in the slaseholdng States hundred
thousand persons born in the non-saveholdng States
while there were residing In the nousIavehodng States
only about two hundred thousand horn In the
holding States have the figures before me but re.
collect them pretty nearly In 1850 nearly half million
more persons were residing in the avehoding States who
were born in the nonsavenodug States than there
OF persons born in the latter residing in the former How
does the senator account for that
Mr.. CoLLAMER. can very readily account for it. i
do not know whether the fact be but should be at
all surprised at it. The people of the free States never
having and realized the effect Of the condition of
slavery, knowing practically nothing about it. it would
not be strange If in their progress of migration, they
should, with others, go 10 ewy-opened slaveboding
States but when they there they might find con-
dition OF things entirely different from what they had
ucipated You may not find those people entirely ap-
proving the Institution The people OF the slayehoding
States however know all about it, they understand il in
all ts bearings they appreciate all its blessings and yet
great majority of their emigrants settle in those States
where they know the institution is 10 go. Nor do
to intimate that the people OF the free States do not
furnish full proportion OF those who governed by
cupidty; and when they promote particular ad-
vantage by holding slaves where Ii is lawful have
doubt they like other persons, will hold them. not
at all certain that If there law against slavery,
slaves would not be found considerable extent in the
hal ia the ubvI dauira hat
law should be kept up against it. desire because it is
institution which does intrude itself upon people; be-
cause it evates the few because it astocracy
because 1t depresses the great of the people
still more conclusive answer to the question Of the
honorable senator this the free States have than
double the number of population the free people in the
slave States Hence they furnish much the greatest
ber OF emigrants to all parts.
In this connexion will read extract from Virginia
paper in relation to the political effect produced by the in
sftuon 1t is article written by Mr. R. w. Hughes
politician in Virginia. editor of the Richmond Examiner
After charging the New York Tribune with alsehood this
writer in his editorial goes give what he considers
the true view Of the case and like all the children of Vir
gina, he claims great deal for her. He says:
Virginia in this confederacy is the impersonaon of the
welborn, wel-eduoaed well bred aristocrat. She feels
influence which has so frequently defeated and driven back
in dismay the abolition party Brave calm and determined
wise in time of always true to the slave
never rash ndscreet the of northern anatcis
break harmless at her feet Her contempt for ber northern
evers the result Of her consciousness of her influence in
the political world She makes and unmakes Presidents
She dictates her terms the northern
upon whom she can rely and she makes him President
She takes the initiative in Furnishing traitors like Van Buren,
and her sisters of the South unite with her. and the traitors
In and of Congress- the science poll
tics she holds the North to her purpose"
We hear much Mr. President in quarters in rela-
on the eqnaity of the States and southern gentlemen
tell that they will in the Union only long they
remain in it on terms of equality Like popular
ereigny, this phr"se equality of States" is taking
catch word 1t desirable that should understand the
meaning and application of the term. What meant
by this claim of the equality Of the States What
to understand by it2 If gentlemen that every State
has right TO regulate its internal affairs in its
way undoubtedly there equality Of the States in that
respect But is there actual equality among the States
White am standing here the State Of South Carolina,
with free population forty thousand less Than my little
State OF Vermont has six representatives in the other
house. Vermont bat three Is that the equality of the
States of which gentlemen spfak2 grant it is such
equality Of the STATED as they respectively entitled
n nder the ttuon and will abide by it; but IL is
very far from actual equality.
Under the old articles Of confederation every State great
or small, had equal vote. When they came form
constitution Of the Uuted States that w. = 100, i,,
:. -~-"'S "uvw been the fashion represent
culty at which they stuck, the trouble under
which they abored when the very near
breaking up, out Of something connected with slave
~ In fact had nothing do with it, The trouble
was this the smaller States insisted retaining in the
formation of the government their equality in voting
they had had 1t before. They said ave together
equals soveregntes in the view OF the world al
ways equal; we ought TO remain equal" The larger
States headed by Virginia and Massachusetts insisted that
IL should be that the desnies Of the country and
It's public affairs should be equally controlled by
small State like Delaware and large State like Virginia
There the point upon which the convention almost
broke up. IL settled, all know by q coplpro-
mise giving 10 the people Of the several States their rel
atve weight by representation In house. and TO the
States corporations their equal weight in the other
house That was the compromise and when II was made
two out of the three delegates Of the State of New
York-now very great State, the Empire State which
then called herself OF the small States and
much afraid OF being oyerslaughed by the larger ones
Mr. Yates and Mr. Lansing out and returned
think Mr.. Martin Luther Of Maryland also retired and
did not come back.
That was an attempt TO assert the equality OF the States
tended to be claimed2 | do wish disguise the
truth understand II TO this that there shall be In
this body many from the slave States from
the free States The President says this election has set
tied the equality Of the different States and sections Now
the make sections OF this country independent
of the sections made by the States and demand that each
of those sections shall be entitled TO their different rights
there is end to subdivisions. The northern and
eastern States manufacturing fishing, commercial peo
Pile make section. On this principle they have right
demand that they shall have equal representation
with every other section in this body The savehoding
section claim equality with all the rest The North
western States may the principle claim that they
shall have as much representation here as all the rest Of
the United States
Again If establish principle Of this kind we
of forbid anything and everything that s In
consistent with It. Now, suppose we take the whole terri
tory Of the United States IL of into Sates shape the
destiny OF each by providing for slavery going into one
Territory and into another and all know that Ter
rores will form themselves into States their character
is formed when Territories II has been always and al
ways will be fsavery is admitted into Territory II
win become slave State " slavery is prohibited and