Weekly hawk-eye and telegraph. [volume] (Burlington, Iowa) 1855-1857, 1856-12-10

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- 49, O. Londea - csas EeAa - ~.
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il 81 a ~ parties % r. a1sssse ~ - ee1sA -
$3.50 sstsai eesvssascas m Mars ssen 80 -
ne sssay ssswssn sAs United esases ard ersss nsia
81 the 5h june, 1854 put end 70 cAuses 81 i.anen
states ,hs right cfnshnx Of the British Anes
Provinces which advantages are snaa 70 those en-
this treaty to large class Of ctsens engaged h
pursuit connected to degree win cur
national prosperity and sfsnsss mas nsa ~
RECIPROCAL freedom o. trade between tbs United saiee
and the British Provinces Of America The exports Of
articles TO Provinces during the last rear
Amounted than 900 900, saesvdng those Of
the previous year By nearly tiVse0e; and the imports
Ssl o an increase 81 Ssoooco upon those Of The
previous year. The improved condtion on tns orAncn
Of commerce mainly attributable TO ne acoy metz
that treaty Commission designa tc the mouths 81
which the common right OF hshng on tue soast
Of the Uned Stxtes and the British Provinces Was not 10
extend. This Commission has been employed at part
Of sessions, but without much progress In accom-.
pnns me object os mich ~ oa,nao s.,.e.n he
not only as TO the precise point where
the rivers terminate bat In many Instances a 20 vha
constitutes rhe-e difficulties however, may pc
BY resort to the umprage provided Tor ~ the
treaty. .
encement OF my sdminstra ton, relieve our trade TO
the Baltic, from Of Sound dues BY Denmark,
have not yet been attended with success onsr govern
ments have also sought to obtain Ike relief to their
commerce. and Denmark thus induced to propose An
arrangement to all the European powers interested In
the subject. and the In which her proposition
was received warrantng her to believe that satsfac
tory with them could soon be concluded she
mss action % il in
of the which result TO her European
negotiations by an Immediate adjustment OF the question
with the United States This request has been acceded
upon the condition that the sums collected ut the 10th
Of June and until the 10Th Of June next from vessels
and belonging to our merchants e to be con-
sdered as paid under protest and subject to future adj
jusment There Is to believe that arrangement
between Denmark and the maritime powers OF Europe
negotiation with the United States may then be- esu.
med and terminated in q satisfactory manner.
With Spain no difficulties have arisen, nor has
much progress been made in the adjustment OF pending
ones.
Negotiations entered the purpose Of relieving
oar commercial Intercourse with the Island Of Cuba from
some of It's burdens and providing for the speedy
settlement Of local disputes growing out Of that inter-
course have not yet been attended with any results.
Soon after the commencement Of the late In Europe
th. submitted to the consideration OF all
maritime nations principles the security
trail one, that the neutral flag should
enemies goods, except articles contraband Of varand
the other that neutral property board merchant
with the exception of contraband articles. These
presented rules Of international law, having
claimed by neutra3 though always
admitted by belgerents One Of the parties the war,
Russia, well several neutral powers, promptly
acceded to these propositions and two other
Great Britain and France having consented to observe
them for the present OCCASION favorable opportunity
seemed to be presented for obtaining general reeogni
ton of them both in Europe and America.
But Great Britain and France in common with most Of
States Of Europe, while forbearing to reject did not
armativey act upon the overures OF United States
While the question In this position, the representa-
Russia, France, Great Britain, Austria, Prussia
Sardinia and Turkey assembled at Paris took into
the subject of maritime rights and put forth
declaration containing the two principles which this
Government had submitted nearly two years before
the Of maritime and added thei
the following propos itions: Priyateerng s and
abolished and brckades in order to be binding be
efecvehat Is to say, maintained by force sufficient
really prevent to the Of the enemy and
the declaration thus composed OF four points, two Of
which had already been proposed by the United States
the Government has been Invited to accede by all the
Powers represented at Paris except Great Britain and
Turkey To the last of the two additional proposition
that in relation to bockades there certainly be
| objection.
1t merely the definition of what shall constitute the
efectua. investment Of biockaded place. definition
forwhch this government has always contended claim
ing indemnity for losses where practical violation OF
the role thus defined has been injurious commerce.
As to th remaining article the declaration of
ference of Paris that priyateerDg and remains abolish
edit certain cannot ascribe the powers represent
ed In TIE conference Of Paris but liberal and phan.
tropic views in the attempt TO change the unquestona-
bie rule of maritime law In regard to privatecriag.
Their proposition was doubtless intended to imply APP
T<ova of the principle that private property upon the
@cedi ptlOny citizens OF Deliig
.rent state should be exempted from capture and had
that proposition been framed give full effect TO
the principle it would have received my ready
behalf of the United States but the measure proposed
inadequate to that purpose.
1t Is true adopted, private property upon the ocean
exposed MEANWHILE to another mode which could be us
ed with increased effectiveness. The aggressive capaci
ty of great naval would be thereby augmented
While the defensive ability Of others would be reduced
Though the surrender ofthe of prosecuting hos
tiles by employing privaeers as proposed by the confer
would be the REIMBURSEMENT of right Of little value
one class OF States but Of essential Importance to anoh
er and q far larger class.
1t ought not to have been anticipated that measure
to the accomplishment Of the proposed OBJ
iec AID unequal in its OPERATION would receive the
of all maritime powers Private property would
be still left the depredations of the public armed crui.
sers have expressed readiness the part of this
government to accede to all the principles contained
the declaration OF the conference Of Paris provided that
relating to the abandonment of prvateering be
amended as to effect the object for which, Is presumed
1t was intended immunity Of private property on the
ocean from hostile capture To effect this object it is
proposed to add TO the declaration that In
and remains abolished, the following amendment And
that the private property of subjects citixens Del
lgerent on the high shall he exempt seizure by
the public armed vessels of the other begerent except
This amendment has been presented not only to the
Powers which have asked assent to the declaration
to abolish privaeering, to all the other maritime
States Thus far it has not been rejected by any and il
favoraby entertained by all who have any communica-
tien in reply Several Of the Governments regarding with
definite action upon it, only for the purpose consulting
with others, parties to the Conference of Paris have
Ru sia has explicitly approved of the modicaton and
will cooperate In endeayOring to obtain the of 9TH
er powers and that assurances of similar purpor have
been received In relation to the disposition the Empe
ror Of the French The aspect Of this important
subject allows us to cherish the hope that principle so
humane in its character just aud equal in its OPERA
tons essential to the prosperity OF commercial ma
tons and cousonant to the sentiments Of this engbt
ened period of the world will command the appreciation
hat
code OF International law. .. -.gs.
My views the subject fully set forth in the
reply of the Secretary of State copy OF which is here
with transmitted TO the communication on the subject
made to this government especially to the Communities
ton OF France The government of the United States
at all times regarded with friendly interests the other
States OF America formerly like this country European
colonies, and independent members Of the great family
OF nations But the unsettled condition of some of tban
distracted by frequent revolutions and thus
regular and firm internal administration has tended ~
occasionally our public intercourse by reason
Oh wrongs which our citizens suffer at their hands and
which they are slow to redress, ~
Unfortunately it is against The Republic of Mexico
with which Is eur special desire maintain good nm
derstandng, that sach complaints are most numerous
ana although earnestly urged upon It's attention thew
nave not as yet received the consideration which this
mas right to expect While reparatiop for
past has been withheld, others have been added
The political condition of that country however has
been such as to demand orbearance the par, Of be
United States Ishal my efforts to procure for
the wrongs of our citizens that redress ndspen
sable to the continued friendly association Of the Re.
publics ~ |
The peculiar condition of affairs in Nicaragua In the
early part Of the year rendered important that
this Government should have diplomatic relations with
that State Through its territory had been opened one
Of the principal thorougfares the Istlmus-con-
Meeting North and South America-on which vast q.
mount Of opery is transported and to which our ct
.ens resorted in great numbers in passing between the
atlantic and Pacific the United States The pro
lection of both required that the existing power in that
state should be regarded as responsible government
md It's Minister was accordingly received but he re.
NAMED here only short time Soon thereafter the No.
itcai Affairs ofNicarague underwent unfayorabIe chan
res and became involved in much uncertainty and COW
'son Diplomatic representatives from two contendin,
alles nave been recently sent to this Government hS
ble to decide which the Government de fsa,e ~.
Give either. ~ :, anu
Questions Of a seriouz nature are pendtr
nted states and the Republic Of NeWr gbetveep the
The government of that Republic .renada
nee, to impose tonnage duties OF undertooE
ors but the purpose was resi- foreign vessel, In her