The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1856-01-19

ducsd the Of the THERMOMETER in nsvisaaon His
%s Ss
the members, aud which fund MIA years SO, Ia
s. INK e. nss. rasss - ~
vii i.ms' IAaeresn Pai,os., f.as., wi Ill s. .s.r.
states William ST. ickland, (,id, val 81 I'D J,ha
Hamilton, Qsia, vol wsn several osasrs, fal,~sd "a
voyages between the United States sal Great Bisn sad
a.oug Q part Of coast These 0bsorva 10us
directed to the limit o, the s.ra "a. tsapsr.tars as
adjacent It, st dne cot 40 so7s o. tia years sul
n ens years me de .ss % as ssrss ~
researches which II Il not o. prese necessary to dws
The ob,arvsiops Of numerous British and American
navxstrs private and puddle vessss obsarviag ethr
Olives q interest aad curiosity on Is, 10
nell hs Investigation u Tue Currents Of the Asuc
Ocean" published ia 1882, ste. hi. death fe,n his
Of Currents the Atlantic Ocean, &c By the Iste
Msj James Repnell, F. r. s, &c Loodon, 1882 THIS
TUsr + s %
senuDg the observations Of difs navgstors chiefly
in the service Of the British Admiralty. All these OBJ
the surface very moderate distances below H. All
1t TO that the surface does pressnt the
best conditions for investigation. Major Rsuusu
aware Of this. and recommended deeper explorations
Berehaus Physical Atlas, edition Of wh,h by Alex.
Keith johnson, o. Eoinourg bea koown ia our c,uu-
try, contains resume 10 hs map Of What was KIN ,wn
regard to this up 1915 which, though qaits
incomplete seems to give idea Of the dire t1n,
ex1nD6 and ocity OF the current.
0ous materials have been collected by Lie 1t. Ma1ry
In his current charts and dsdu ,ions from taem have
been presented at different times In his sailing dtrec i)ns
In the proceedings of the Amerima Association for the
advancement Of SCIENCE in his address before this society
the officer, contaioing m.ny iogenl suggestions
is among his early paprs In the SoWer" LRsrdry Mes
sesigr.
might perhaps be expected here to pass in review
the c,aims to have advanced ou Anowejgs Of the Gulf
Stream covering the period Of tims with the re-
searches OF which propose to give you asc0uas; but
this history cannot written perha at all by
The best mode 10 arrive 1t truth Is fairly 20 state
facts end this done BY each to leave to others to al
just the merit demecit of the several sagyesttons
plans, discussions and Developments.
As the tempe Of tbs Cult SSrea Is one Of rs
most striking aud important features Il to ths ia
vesgaon Of 1t that determtnei first to d,ec. the At
renon OF the u ers of the Coast Survey rms curren
to be observed-its direction and f,rce the density
color and other peeuliaes II the the vegetable
End snina Productions were 70 ne eoiiss'sa tue ms
to the moin object OF inquiry, namely the temperature
win instruments carefully prepared, would have been
sep forward for without such comparison the results
pioyed the of better At the surface to
She beating ee Of the sun, the effects Of ths temp
was necessary, 10 systematic exploration to g oeo
the surface At certain cistancs these disturbing
to cease altt getber Besides it vas likely thai
that pat Of The return northern carreut follow
ed the bottom Of the rea. The interest ia
the deep temperature proed Ia fact aoor,ng
end every effort directed towards Obtaining nsru
for their ready Investigation The great p-es
to which such an umont would he rsaisrei
this easy matter. The instrument must register its
class req uitng sape observatioo: no. phiIosophie
expe, Dent The ordinary self registering taeem nstor
was first tried and TO secure it from it
pla led in 81 bular This thermometer required
quite long time to take the To npe OF
around It, the keeping it from immsdiae contact
envelope unless Of unwieldy thickness was cru he'd
AID this true when to diminish the size Of the app4
1 20 Of e
tmdon OF Washington There must be opsniag to la
troduee the Thermometer ioto the envelope, ani this
openfng-however tightly IL might be made to close by
grinding en- ~ the nteposoa OF India rubber otaer
material fulfilling 81 niiar purpose its figure
uLder pressure, and the costly thernonstcr inside
crushed salt water forced int, it. dessr Tying its
delicate parts would detn you too long to the
various contrivancss which Ingenuity Of our hydro
grsphes and mechanicians produced AID how
which succeeded best with observer out only
second third best with another. Wa must rca.n
depths beyond which SKIS self registering
would give way, their indications become
After many experiments Sax ons self registering Their
momater superseded all Others and the Of its
ingenious inventor turned to pcrtscog details.
1t consists essentially Of coil Of two ais like Bre.
quets metal Lie thermumeterthe oausibe placed
in the inteicr-s form, scale cvsring and Ia Short
all its details being adapted TO the for which II IL
thus designed. The coll, fastened at end, unWnds
when the heat increases and tishons when deere
60 that by placing upon the fore cod Of the oil hand
Like that Of watch to up IN di pats the tenn
persture SEEN II registers, BY the simplest Of all
tvances either the highest lowest temperature
which it has been exposed, both the highest aad
the lowest. The case il merely to project tue
instrument from external injury in aud sdpp1rt
the spiral coil. the scale and hands indsa sors
spiral four inches long Of silver and pla num
give sufficient sensiblity the instrument so that
two-tenths of degree OF Fahcenhet a,ly read
upon the dial The brass AMI silver parts Of these in
ssrumens require to Be coated thfckly nth g'id Ehch
Is readily done by the electrotype process uirng
hoxtver. great and thoroughness to o. efscuvs
Their use demands certain precautions which It w1uld
made werab,e for the wan. Of skill or care O. m OBJ
server can truly say that 10 the hands Of mauy OBJ
servers and used at great Depths these iustra
have given entire eatisac ion. rhey have in the Cass
Survey observations super seeded all others
II you seem an easy thing TO ascertain the depth, {,
which thermome er attached to a so 1ndrng Hao had
gore recollect well that the trur,phan objection was
made to Ercssons and to Ogden's for SCUM iog