The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1856-12-05

Inc E0fu0c hallxASo0s
ADpRzss o. THE HON. Z. BUTLER KIAG, or 0z0E0fA,
BssoN THE GDO0R APHICAL SOCIETY.


| ADpRzss o. THz HON. Z. DUTLER KIAG, or 0z0E0fA
| BssoN THE O 0DO0RAPHICAL SOCIETY.
love you an q 'olosy for coming before Jog without
previous preparssA@ must rely In what am ssou =
Say upon genssN knowledge Of the Subjess vAoA
am about 70 presess ~ your confederation. The pub
mind has for many years t been agitsssd win tho icss
u Pacific Railroad; In faos IT has bssu maeA as-
cussed - 70 become tts ys there are Views csnnscssf
with the subject which nsy not be uunssress!ng 70
great commercial communtsy like thst or tsn city
RAILWAY connecting No two ccesA may or mA nct AFFORD
great advantages-eAey VIII Heh nd entirely upsa Ia
location. propose - presens ,ms conssdercoss n
connection with each os ,hose nss surveyed By govern
ment which are supposed to bs rAcscAo's' oe~-
nence with the most northern route Des~s's
As 47th and ssth parallels OF Iss:sA exendn ng mon
the western arm Of Lake super.orA Pngets Sound
This line passea around the great beuas Of the Mssosr
In ia is CROSSES tine Rocky Mountains at or near NE
Hadsons Bay CompAnys portage, and I designed -
strike the Pacific ut Pugets Sound. No pa dcabie pa
however has been discovered ip the CasesAs mounsns
ana the Secretary OF War suggests th ae 40 may -
carried down the gorges OF the Coumbss yer so shs
Level country on tbs nerthern bank aa3 ths 70 NORTH
westerly TO Pugets Sound The estimates a 2ense q
the Secretary 's report is sl4o 100000 ~ nit -
Limo to be perfectly practicable which 10 no. IA pus-
even sss cost than the estimate Can never sss
fui TO our external commerce would undoustsA " b
valuable % an inter State line Of COMMUNICATION - -
portion OF the couItry through which il va uB
pass, but ii could nsver become Of exsesA nc
railways extended nom this city TO It's eas.ern tsrx T.
nus, being about $500 miles from 70 ocean, woA
foreign nations The second line, between tho 42d -
18th parallels OF north latitude extending iron RUe
Mountains by tns south ps.s the valley q tho 0res2
Salt Lake and the Sierra Nevada tho 4h degree -
the c,y Of beneca about 80 miles hon San Frasosoe
As lne this has n, greater nd antagts thaa
Us northern competitor These two lines are equs,y es
account o. their great ength passns, ss they do almss
pat because o. tho Two great mountain chan0
WHICH, shusted nearly Thousand mles apart preseaA
.amost insurnonniab.e difficulties IN the constructors e
the WORK and enclose region which forever ~
main barren waste Nature has interposed . bswrtev
IN the cimste Q. those elevated and barren resoas
anything hke extenr.ve settlement and Improvement m
well established fact IN natural philosophy, ~
more elevated The range Of mountains the greater viii be
air. charged with moisture rom he Aasns Rv ao~ n .s
the ranges Of ana high table asds ~
derirg on the Rocky Mountains These prodsos
the great rivers which how into the Atlantic and are -
irately connected with the dry The PsAss
coasts The trade winds, wing the line OF tho ssus
greatest heat extend their influence In summer a. aw
north = latitude 40 degrees, pasdng they d,
not ealy the Rocky Mountains, but the Sierra Ne
the plains Of California d.vest.d Of every psrssss
Of moistur. This causes the dry season on ~
heat approaches the Tropo Of Canccr and consassss
until that line repasaes the equator autumn whss sha
trade winds passing with IT, the mort breezcs from -
Pactfc ees In and the rainy season commences -
these rvns do not extend in any quantity TO the ba
regions between those two great ranges or mountaka
Cd on the Serya Nevada IN winter ~ thst from the ~
antc q upon the Rocky Mountains 10 summer. leaving
vast tract Of neaTy thousand miles, including tAsF
own barrs surface, between tnem united by ns1Dv
FOR agricultural purposes When the American EN-
ton entered Caternia In tho spring and summer OF IL
the whole surface Of the country presented tho ns
barren and forbdcpg appear Anoetho earth parsh
% and vegetation killed With fesvent beat and shs
general impressSsn Was that the country utterly
worthless Tor agricultural purposes On elsss
observation II found that the natnPua
grasses were rrocucad IN great variety -
luxvrsncc and had attained perisos maAurty; 10 ena
bey bAA become hay, cured upon the root 81 thS
climate. They LAD commspced 10 frow when ths ruus
set In The wcnc3s OF the climate had permitted shnm
10 ceurlsh through The winter and mature the dry -
son. Thus nature gave hint which could be zsta
ten TO SOW the seei CT their grain sutumn 49,
that they might havb The advantages OF the olmaso
grow with tho grasses during winter and IL GaW
summer fbus has Ca nornia, by shs simple ppoouna
become ono Of tho most productive grain growing
tries n the world. 1he custo Of the spanish popun
was to put their seed IN the ground In thb spring. anA
without irrigation itvas o. rtan 70 pesh In The dry
SON. The succsss o the American settlers Texas onA
Cainvsa, In the production OF the grains -
caused tho Spanish population Of these Sasos besvs
that wrcvcr the Americans Providcnoe
rain. The whole mystery 10 II the change OF seed uas