davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Weekly Indiana State sentinel. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1853-1861, 1856-12-18
1mprovoments I'm CHICAGO.

The Chicago Democratic Press, Of Friday,
contains detailed statement of the improve
ments made in Chicago during the year 1856,
both by tho city in its corporate capacity, and
by individuals in response to their own inn
mediate wants.
The aggregate cost Of improvements made
by the city for various purposes, amounts to
$145,434. In addition to this there is in
progress and under order other improve
msnts amounting to $4,000.
Under the head of individual improve
ments, is enumerated Churches, SemiDaries,
Academies, Hotels, Business Houses and
Residences. In this branch there has been
expended, according to the Press, an aggre-
gate Of $5,424, 100, making grand total OF
s., 567 ,624-showing an increase of improve
ments over those of 1856, of $1,S31,370.
The items enumerated, and their cost, fill
nearly seven closely printed columns OF the
Press.
Speaking Of the detailed evidence thus
given of the rapid and substantial growth OF
this young giant city of the West, the Press
justly remarks:
Every citizen of Chicago can point with
honest pride to the magnificent result. Let
it be widely circulated. 1t will favorably af-
feet the business Of every man in the city, to
spread these facts before all their friends
both in this country and in Europe.
Weekly Indiana State sentinel. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1853-1861, 1856-12-18
Ohio Hditorial conv ention:

The Ohio Editorial Association hold their
fourth annual meeting at Mansfield, on the
18th day of January next, being the 15oth
anniversary of FraDklin's birth day.
The public exercises Of the occasion will,
no doubt, be of highly interesting charac.
ter, aside from the ordinary business TRANSACT
tons of the Association. Among those adver-
tised, we notice Poem, by Meta V. Victor
of Sandusky; an Grafton, by II. L. Hosmer, Of
Toledo; Discourse on Charles Hammond,
formerly of the Cincinnati Gazette, by w. T.
Coggeshall, Of Columbus, and Discourse on
Moses Dawson, by w. B. Thrall, of Colum-
bus.
Such Conventions as the one now contem-
plated by the editorial fraternity of Ohio,
must exert strong and happy influence up
on the character Of the profession. Their
direct tendency would be to purge journalism
of the more obnoxious features that now
serve to dis6gure and disgrace it, and to
quicken that sense Of obligation to treat each
other as gentlemen and brethren, which is
quite too little regarded. There is no good
reason why the same courtesy of feeling and
action should not exist between editors in
their professional intercourse, that due re-
spect for common politeness and decency
would impose upon them in their personal
relations towards each other, when brought
together face to face. 1t is the want of this
that, more than anything else, detracts from
their influence and usefulness.
As mighty as is the power of the Press
with all its faults and foibles, it might be i'm
measurably increased by the exercise of a just
and sound discretion on the part of its conduc-
tors. A little more prudence, little more
independence, and much more good feeling
toward each other, will, in our opinion, be
found to be powerful corrections of the more
glaring evils by which they are beset.
Weekly Indiana State sentinel. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1853-1861, 1856-12-18

constituency, to permit Senatorial election
in 1857" and Of such other officers as il may
DO necessary for them to elect. The propri-
ETY. and Justice Of this course is so manifest
the expression ofthe sentiment Of the peo-
pie has been so clear and undoubted upon all
the political issues of the day, that in respect
ing it they only do that which both personal
and official honor and duty demand. We
do not believe that the ''imbecile" leaders Of
the Republican party can force tho high
minded and honest Republican members in
to so suicidal policy for their party, and into
a total disregard Of their official obligations,
and just respect for public sentiment, so un-
equivocally expressed in both the State and
Presidential elections.
Weekly Indiana State sentinel. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1853-1861, 1856-12-18
How to Got at the Truth.

That the world is still full of delusion, in
spite of its advancing civilization, every can
did thinker viii admit. That these often
prevail with persons and communities, intel
ligent above the average, no competent sb-
server will venture to deny. Why is this
It is because the weighing of evidence, pro
and con, is too frequently neglected; because
hasty, immature conclusions are adopted !;
because opinions are taken at second hand.
1t is not enough, in a word, to be able to
read or even to spend months burrowing in a
library. A man may have all the lore of the
world slowed away in his brain, yet if he
has never digested it properly, his opinions
win be nearly worthless. To read is one
thing to think is quite another. Whoever
would be wise must hear all sides and Judge
between them. No earnest man ever accepts
conclusions on another's ipse dirit He thinks
for himself He gets at truth by grinding
facts il his own hopper, by sitting and bolt
ing them in his own mill.
Franklin had a capital method of decid-
ing difficult questions. He took sheet of
paper, ruled a line down the middle in red
ink, and then entered on either side the ar
guments, pro and con. This paper he kept on
his writing table for several DAYS, and when
any new argument presented itself to him ne
wrote it Immediately in its appropriate place
When he found that no more reasons sug-
gested themselves, that the subject, so far as
his capacity and facts went, appeared to be
exhausted, he began the labor of sitting this
mass. If he found an argument in one COL
umn balanced by another in the opposite he
struck both off. If he found one that took
two to balance it, he erased two on one side
and one on the other. By this process he
finally found himself with 10 arguments left
in one column or with but few, and these
greatly proportioned to those in the other.
BY adopting this method on all difficult and
important occasions he acquired that reputa-
ton for soundness and judgment in which
he has no rival, either among our revolution
a-y sages or their successors, except in Wash
ington alone.-Public Ledger.
Weekly Indiana State sentinel. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1853-1861, 1856-12-18

The TONNAGE OF THE UNITED STATEs.-
The Secretary of the Treasury, in his annual
report, gives statement showing that the
tonnage of the United States on the Goth OF
June. 1856. was SAC, $40 less than shown by
the statement for the Both of June, 1856.
This has arisen in part from stricter exam.
nation of the returns of former years, and a
correction, by striking out vessels formerly
sold without the United States, or lost by
marine or other casualties. There has been
regular progressive increase, with our in
creasing population and commerce, although
retarded at times by the accidents of war; the
casualties of trade and commercial difficult
ties.
Weekly Indiana State sentinel. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1853-1861, 1856-12-18

@Two swiudlers have been arrested in
Pittsburgh, Pa, who passed as Lord Arthur
John Hudson, and Sir Charles Miller, of Eng
land, and succeeded in sponging several in-
dividuals whom they impressed with be-
lief of their magnifcence. They professed
to have with them $4,000, and actually
bought an expensive safe for the security Of
the imaginary treasure. Lord John had made
arrangements for the purchase of farm, well
stocked, for seventeen thousand dola airs 7; but
when the title deeds were drawn up and
ready to De signed, it was discovered that
the swindlers were entirely penniless. They
were arrested In the presence Of the parson
and wedding guests, during the progress of
the marriage of one of the swindlers with
the daughter Of the landlord of the tavern
there they were staying.
Weekly Indiana State sentinel. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1853-1861, 1856-12-18

OF Several of our exchanges state that q
rumor prevails in this city that Hon. JOHN
PETIT has been selected as the successor Of
Judge LHooMPTE. This is mere rumor, but
should such be the result, it will be an ap-
pointment fit to be made. In the brief Pc
rod that Judge PETIT presided.upon the
Bench, he displayed remarkable administra-
tive and judicial capacity. IfJudgc PETIT
would accept the position, we know of no one
who would administer its duties with more
ability, inlpartiality and firmness. and whose
appointment would be hailed with equal sat
Weekly Indiana State sentinel. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1853-1861, 1856-12-18
Southern Comm ercial Convention and the Slave
Trade

By reference to our telegraphic columns, it
will be seen that the Southern Commercial
Convention, now in session at Savannah, re-
jected resolution for the appointment of 0
committee to inquire into the expediency oil
opening the Slave trade, by the strong vote
of 81 OF "a
When the class of men of which that Con-
ventioI is composed, thus refuse to appoint
committee to even inquire into the expe-
diency of the measure, the proposition to re-
vive the slave trade, on the part of the dis
uniOnists Of the South, ibecomes perfectly
harmless bagatelle. 1t is humbug that but
poorly justifes the enormous waste of ink
and paper of which the opposition press have
been guilty in descanting upon it. As po-
litical hobby it is destined to prove much
more unfruitful, and shorter lived than the
kansas swindle." A few more luckless in.
vestments of the kind will bankrupt the par
ty beyond redemption
Weekly Indiana State sentinel. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1853-1861, 1856-12-18

TEE NEXT CESsUs-ILLTEoIs REPREsrS-
notwithstanding to the vote Of Novem.
Der, the four Northern Districts Of Illinois
are now more than populous enough to form
two districts each, thus giving them eight
Representatives instead Of four. The five
Central and Southern Districts will be emit
tied 70 eight After the next census and APP
portionment Illinois will certainly have not
less than eighteen members Of Congress, and
perhaps more.
Weekly Indiana State sentinel. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1853-1861, 1856-12-18

STEAMBoATING ON THE UPPER MISSISSIPPI.
boating business of the Upper Mississippi,
published in the st. Paul Pioneer. we gather
the following interesting facts. In the year
1923, the first steamboat assembled the Upper
Mississippi to Fort Smelling. This was a
stern-wheeler. From that date TO 1874, there
were but few arrivals each year,-sometimes
not more than two or three. These steam
ers were used altogether to transport supplies
for the Indian traders and the troops station
ed at Fort Smelling. Previous to the year
1923, keel boats were used for this purpose,
and sixty days. time from St Louis to the
Fort was considered good trip. 1t was not
however, until the year 1874, that the steam
boating business may be said to have been
fully established in those waters, when for
ty-one arrivals were recorded. From that
time until 1850, there was but little varia-
ton from that figure in the number of arri-
walls. In 1850, there were 1O4 arrivals, in
1852, Ill; in 1853, 200; in 1854, 245: in 1856
$50; and in 1856, the present year, 837 arri-
vals-showing an increase, in two years, of
592. The places from which these steamers
cleared, are St. Louis, Fulton City, Galena,
Dunleith, Dubuque, and the Minnesota River.
Navigation closed two weeks caller this
year, than last,-causing a blockade at Has
tings of upwards of fifty heavily freighted
steamers bound to st. Paul.
Weekly Indiana State sentinel. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1853-1861, 1856-12-18

OF The South Carolina Legislature has
passed bill increasing the salary of the
Governor to five thousand dollars a year,
with furnished residence at the capital.
The lberslity of the Southern States in
providing for their public servants contrasts
strongly with that of the Free States, in a
majority of which the salaries of public off,
GERS are fixed at the lowest possible living
point Indeed, in some of the States public
functiOnaries are compelled to encroach upon
their private fortunes to support themselves
in their official position. Extremes in mat
tiers Of this kind ought to be alike avoided.
Whilst salaries ought not to be so high as to
make office holding source of wealth, they
ought not 20 be SO low as to exclude talent
and capacity, which find the private bust
ness walks Of life more remuneratiye.
There is a just medium in this respect
which avoids the extreme Of extravaganza
on the one hand, and that Of niggardliness
on the other.
Weekly Indiana State sentinel. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1853-1861, 1856-12-18

EThe editor of the Terre Haute Express
in letter from this city, thus refers to the,
condition of the State House,
"We notice the painter mas been at work
on the inside Of the State House, whitening
1T up little. They should paint all the
castings black, and thereby put the miserably
constructed rooms in mourning, for the lives
OF the many good men their lily warmed and
badly ventilated Halls have sent to an un-
timely grave. Indiana should build a new
and better State House."
o. Sir Edward Lytton Bulwer has been
elected lOrd-rector OF the Glasgow UNIVERSE
iy by large majority over Lord Stanley.
Weekly Indiana State sentinel. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1853-1861, 1856-12-18

SIX MILLION OF DoLLARs.-The Mercsn-
tile Marine Insurance Company of New York
publishes the startling statement that it has
paid, during the past three years, over six
million of dollars to the merchants for marine
losses, or two million per annum. And yet
the Company is sound, solvent, and flourish
ing, suggesting another startling fact in re-
gard to the enormous amount which the
merchants must have paid into the Company
in the meantime, in the shape of premiums
on policies.
Weekly Indiana State sentinel. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1853-1861, 1856-12-18

KossUTH ON LOUIS MISUNDERSTANDING
ono Of his recent lectures in Manchester
England, the great Hungarian was very Sc =
we're on "the nephew of his uncle" Among
other expressions of the kind, he used this
language in regard to Napoleon the Third
Sprung up ike a toadstool on a swamp Of
blood, be could fix no roots in Che soil of his
country"
Weekly Indiana State sentinel. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1853-1861, 1856-12-18

o. Pennsylvania is our greatest whe.
State, and is estimated to raise this year Is,
100000 bushels; Ohio IS next, raising Is,
100000; New York is next raising 1920
600; Illinois next, raising IA. 100000: Wis
consin, 100000; and Virginia raises II,
10000.
Weekly Indiana State sentinel. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1853-1861, 1856-12-18
Official Vote of Vjrginis.

Full returns from Virginia, as officially
canvassed, show the following result. Bu-
chanan, s9.843; Fillmore, 6Os16; Buchan-
ans majority, 1921.
Weekly Indiana State sentinel. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1853-1861, 1856-12-18

OF A student Of medicine in Michigan,
having courted girl a year. and got the nit
ton has turned round and sued her father Tor
the visits be paid her
Weekly Indiana State sentinel. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1853-1861, 1856-12-18

LoxsFKLIow OuTpoSE.-Rxtracs from poem Just
published In England
Farewell, Tarrengower! and Ganawarrai
Farewell, Wsgrn- Bararg and irravaral
Farewell, Burra Burial P0lliAh Morang
Farewell, MerrimiDgoi and thee, Burnewangl
And thee, Bo0ro0ndara End Goomatibee
farewell, Narab Narab and Hnn0mOngyi
And wimmera plains, by Tongeomungiel
Weekly Indiana State sentinel. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1853-1861, 1856-12-18
CHAPTER III.

On the afternoon of the funeral, when the
dead body that had been for three days SOL
emnizing the aspect of the great house."
was laid in its last long home, a little party
assembled in the library, to hear the reading
of the will 1t was all over row-the fun
eral services--the tears--the prayers-and
nothing remained but for the living to d.
vide the spoil. A harsh saying it may be,
and yet with one exception, the group that
had asi embed in that little room justi-
fed it,
By the fireplace, stately and magnificent
IN her deep mourning, sat Mrs. Percival,
leaning her double chin upon her hand, and
Weekly Indiana State sentinel. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1853-1861, 1856-12-18

LITTLE GRAvrs.-we ind the following beautiful
little gem floating about, uhcreded, in cur exchsn-
ges
There's many empty cradle,
There's many vacant bed,
There's many lonely bosom,
Whose Soy and light has fed;
For thick In every graveyard
The little hiliocks lie
And every hillock represents
An angel In the sky.
M'arthur Democrat. (McArthur, Vinton County, Ohio) 1853-1865, 1856-01-31

.ss,S, -. 49, - saaifart ral ,,is.l ~,
~ = ~ ~ ~ besE ~ So Is,. -
M'arthur Democrat. (McArthur, Vinton County, Ohio) 1853-1865, 1856-01-31
sRNArE.


5-rTyss 80. "a lpn. =, lSo5s -
Mr. Mstthsws-r7a bill amending the Code
OF Civil Procedure in the one hunde1 and
first sect ion, relative to ccunter claims and
set offs. -st. .--
Mt Tay lor, Of Geauga introduced a resolu.
ton iDstruetins the standing committee on
Roads and Highways to inquire into the sx.
pediency of so amending the laws as TO re-
.qnire County COMMISSIONERS to make person. =.
al examinations in regard IN the laying out
and locating Dads, snd explained its objects
with appropriate and pertinent remarke, con.
tending that much oi the heavy taxes grow
out OF the small draius npon our county
treasures, Adopted. .-..i
on motion Of Mr. Marsh, the judiciary
COMMITTEES re instructed to inquire into
Ihe expediency oil with drawing appeallats
uIiSuction from district courts ia certain
cases: -..g -...v ,,..
lSt- Whether the General Assembly has
constitutional power, by special OF seaeraI
laws, TO amend the charter of incorporated
companies. the acts incorporated which vera
in force at the time the pres ent constitution
took effect. with the consent oil those com.
panies, or to provide mode By which .hey
may be amended, aud il so, hy what kiud OF
laws,and as TO what kind of corporation such
amendmendts may be made, and within
what limits, i b.i I'r'1
+ I'd. What would be tile effect OF such
amendments, il made and accepted upon
the rights and responsibilities oi . tock hol.
ders in such cospJrIioas!
MIR. Kelley was aware that such ques.
ton would arise.m he coarse oil leslslallon
but he relied US much upon. the opinion OF
the Judiciary COMMITTEES. as upoi that of
The Attorney General. His own opinion
was that no new special corporate powsn
could be granted,
Adjourned till 10 o'clock. Monday nom.
M'arthur Democrat. (McArthur, Vinton County, Ohio) 1853-1865, 1856-01-31

andthe Presidentials Electors. be re-
ported to the convention.
The Districts being then called, the
following names where reponed,as del.
egates, to witt I'D, -. ..'
lst Dislricts-WasA. Nc Lean, Jno.
l.. Waiter, of HamIinton. ~.
I'd; j. ]. Quinn, Joseph Cooper, Of
HamIinton. 5ait G3fI' H r.
Sd, M. C. Ryan, of Butler; R. t.
Cunningham, Of Preble. u a
4th G, V. Dorsey, of Miami; Jon.
athan Counts. .-....
9th j. G. Haley, of Henry; NJ. C.
Whitley, of Hancock.
9th j. w. Bell, of Highland; G. w.
Hamer, of Brown.
7ih J. M, Smith, of adams; T. L.
Carulhers, Of Clinton. 49,
9th John H., Young, of Champaign; c
James Moore, of Logan, -
Oh ~, Pe Bean, OF Crawford; G.
W. Click, OF Sandusky.
10th James w. Davis, of Scioio ;
Lewis w. Sifford, of Ross.
llth Wm. Medill, Of Fairfield; B.
P. Hewitt, Of Vinton. .
| 18th Lewis EyenS, of Licking w.
E. Deleplaine, of Pickaway.
18th H. C.. Brumbeck, OF Morrow;
John Mack OF Richland.
l4th Jacob A. Marehaud. of Wayne
D, b. Austin, OF Medina.
10th Moses HoagIand, of Holmes /:
Eli. miller, of Knox. ~.
e 10Th Hugh j. Jewed, of Haskingum;
Amos Layman, of Washington.
l7th VIM. Lawrence, of Guernsey ;
j. Z. Morris, oil monroe.
18th G. w. BeIden, OF Stark; R, o.
Hammond, of Summit. .-,
18th Arthur hughes, Of Cuyahoga
ID. r. Paige. of Lake.
2Oth K. P, Ranney, Of Trumbull;
S. w. ellison, OF Mahoning.
2Is; VIM. H! Gill, of Columbiana
G. W. McCoOk, of Jefferson,
On motion, the.proceedings were or.
dered to be epublished in the Democrat.
ic papers generally, ..G.l.d 49,
And the Convention was declared
adjourned, a,
4 H'I JEWlTT, PrssidsHt
u. II. MosdRoYE. Secrefnru. 1.
M'arthur Democrat. (McArthur, Vinton County, Ohio) 1853-1865, 1856-01-31
WHERE o WHERE
nv DIrru y ut,tfta

Where, o wheIs,a re the friends Of our child.
hood .f4st 30 1r
Companions SO cherished in youths, sunny
hours?
Who shared with US those haunts in the green
wood, Etr5e
So fragrant with perfume, the incense Of
flowers?
Where. 0 where, are those bright Joyous faces,
Which memory recalls, as backward she
stTays7 r aE..l a...H
To linger DER scenes, long since departed,
Aud joys that we felt in our earlier daysl
Where, 0 where, are those visions of child
hood7
Those golden.hued dreams of the past
Which threw their gay tints ovei our path.
way,
Too fair long TO linger,t loo. brilliant to last2
All vanished and gone, fadei forever;,
Like buds and blossoms of early sprius
timer -a ls..sf. -f
Whose fragrance alone is all;that remains
ofwhat we enjoyed in the days Of lang.
syne'' ..- 49,.
Gone, all gone, like the dew from the flow.
ers, .Hs slir d
Are the loved of our youths happy dsy,
Like the yemal breeze, and the summer rose
They nave passed in their freshness away.
M'arthur Democrat. (McArthur, Vinton County, Ohio) 1853-1865, 1856-01-31
SECOND Day

'ly D b.s W WEpNEsDAY, tan'y 8.
Ihe convention met perSuant to ad-
journment, at 8 o'clock, A. Nj.
Mr., Gill, OF columbiana, Offer ed
the following resolution, which was
| adopted. a'e f.i 10 5a.fsra. s,5
Resoteed. That the co ivention now
proceed to choose bycall ofconyention
10 the order which they here stand,
cne candidate for Supreme Judge, one
candidate for Board Of Public Works,
one candidate Tor commissioners OF
coInmon Schools, four senst orial Del
egates to the National convention, and
two Senatorial Electors. ~ - : 4
| DR.. Mack, of RichIand, moved That
Rufus I. Ranney, OF Trambull, be mo-
minated for Judge ofSupreme court BY
acclamati Oh, which was agreed 10. !.
Mr. Gill, cf columbiaRa, mo we'd
that Wayne Griswold be oominat ed
for Board Of Public Works by accla.
nation, WHICH was agreed TO- 'Ra.'s
Mr.Gilson, OF MahoniDg. movpd
that H 4H.lBarney be nominated H for
commissioner Of common. Schools by
acelamatlon, which was agreed 10
SENATORIAL DELEGArEs. -
The following named gentlemen, were
nominated for Senatorial deIsuates -.
Col, David Tod; LIB. Stedm an
$. Medary; 7. W, BARLEY; C.ai,
Eallandigham; w, McLsin; III. B:
and J. LarwiIl. -4'' 'l!7 4, 1is 7
3 The name of Col, Tod was with.
drawnosaL g., .,at... ga I" ht'gs.
Samuel Medary, ]. B. Siedmsu III
B. Payne, and Z, IL. v allandigham,
having received a majority ofaII HE
votes cast, we're declared elected,
The following gentlemen. were non,.
mated .or Senatorial electors, :.
Charles B. Flood of campaign; \
Samuel Lahm Of Stark; :, HOS 'o /.
VIM, Kennoh Jf,, Of Belmont, o Is.
j. W. Price, Of Clermont; 20 ls,.
George Cook, Of Harrison; taaua,
G. b. SiickleE, tot Huroh;0 nv ea'
Charles Smith, Of TrambnIl .eq1
I'M .Robb, Of, Allen; - - '2J g
VIM. Sample; Of coshocton. :. q 81.
Wm' kennon, Jr., having received
a majority OF all, the votes cast. was
declared duly elected. l5a si3 ~
I The nomination off Mr., Kennon
was unanimously confirmed. tsalogs /
Neither Of The other candidates hay.
ing a majority OF all the votes cast, a
second ballot was ordered . saaspesaJ
a. T. Miller having received ma.
JOrity OF all votes cast, was duly declar.
The nomination of Mr.. Miiler. was
unannin. ously confirmed, !,
Mr. Webb, of Trumbull, offered
the iorlowing resolution, (which wssl
adopted: 'sa Qassailf :, va II
RssOived That congressional Dis
Iricts be now called and that the names
OF the Delegates from their respective
Districts 70 the NationsI convention
g. 3. - s,a .s...s ~ s,ailsat -, ,s, 49, 80
- = 's-s se'. - bssE ~ 49, $. 49,
M'arthur Democrat. (McArthur, Vinton County, Ohio) 1853-1865, 1856-01-31
THE N'ARTHUR DEMOCRAT.
EDITED AND PUBLISHED BY
EDW ARD. A. BRA TTON.
Office one door east Of tie Court
House.
TERMe oF sUeecRlPTIoN,

Loo per gfor, and j no; puycd Wlthin The
,sar 40 tciH be charged. aHe
Thesc Terms must Jc strictly complied
NTH. aud no paper giIt tc discontinued until
all arrtaroges arc paid, unless at The option
of he publiAher. 49,.