The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1856-07-24
The Sound Dues and the English Fla
Trnlla

take every tight word that said on this side Of tho Al
lantc III such deadly earnest.
The Sound Dues and the English Fla 4
Trade.
The London Times, Of July s. says:-A late
made b. Mr. Z Fleming, OF Dundee, before the P.ra
mentary Committee the Sound Dues shows the effect
chose imposts the fax trade. Almost the whole Of
ajax material used Dundee from the Russian
RUSSIAN ports in the Baltic, and the o. Spuai
dues paid by that town for 1854 is est, mated els co.
The pecunsry of the question however scarcely
the serious since the delay of vessels Esinore Is
Of constant vance and danger the roadtead
oeing in spring and autumn exposed and safe one
while the communication with the shore ami the u stem
pursued 10 take advantage OF 1t exert most denoraizng
tnuence the aud crew. II appears also that
the tariff charges Of the Danish are greatly
increased by Unauthorized TIE part Of the
agen-s u has been estimated that the 10, Il dues annual
ly paid By England amount to f70, 00O cargoes aud
s5 oO0 vessels but this is believed be below the
actual cum If the British governme succeed
N committing the charges by general payment IL is
suggested that the next best plan would be they
should be collected behalf of Denmark this country
The Sick Man In TufLey-Hcvv he Is to be
Treated by his european Doctors.
tfroEa the London Times July 5.
The Turkish empire has been. toll, received
fno the family of nations lts sovereign i no longer
po.etntc seated throne apart 10 be approached only
~ rmal embassies or to be coaxcd tn threatened or de-
ved by any European State, without the world deemng
II legitimate 10 interfere The great Powers have estab
lsheo with regard to the Ottoman domiuons principle
analogous to the Nunroe doctrine in the New World
These regions declared TO he longer lawful fields
for Noa2uest or even annexation by Austria
give up the march 10 Constantinope France must not
think OF runis, end England must limit nersef to
h operations on me oanks OF the Nile and me huphrtes
turkey taken outef tae category Ia tay China
" The Indian Archipelago and adm tied all rights
which helne TO European nations. TINS cnsnge
iotnt than seems TO be generally recognized. II has
often happened that the enterprsng wlrtlke States
a Europe have agreed through mutual jealousy 10 re-
spec Territory beyond the limits their oHa sys
tenn but this 10 the first time their history that they
aave recognized the equality OF Christian State.
International law, which grew up under the shelter Of
I'M Dana alntap Dn.
nations with rights reciprocal to those Of the Chri7s
communities and the grants which Rome maze Of tie
indies to spain and Portugal only the natural result
IL theory which did conceive sovereign rights to
belong any ruler beyond the pale OF the church The
conquerpg nations OF the last two centuries have been
pIoestApts rather than Pass yet enough Of the old
principle has remained to make great difference IN the
eyes u moraIse between the supoganon Of Msh,nefan
Hndoo dynases and trespass ON the rights oil Poles
spaLiards Italians.
NV, however, almost biindly, through the Of
cveats have accomplished revolution IN the highest
Of al Iew-the law OF nations. The equality which the
Sultan has given 10 his abs nothing to the lay
which the Christian world given the model For
she first line In history pagan State received
constituent part OF the Christian commonwealth. To use
the phraseoogy current In the discussions Of domestic
question, Maho nedans will egAte for Christian nations
md Christian churches For, be observed the rights
Turkey arc now quito reciprocal TO those Of the other
Powers the sultan the footing the Empero
of the French the King of Prussia, and in any utur
plicauons the signature OF his Peupotenaries ma
found attached to treaties determining the status OF tn
Pope OF Rome or his mediation may DO rendered TO mo
derase the conflicts Of Catholics and Lutherans in som
Il i bat natural tina, when things have gone so
he~e should be desire TO revpe the relations In which
he sultan stands TO Europeans Nshin his territory
Ne not prsed therefore, hear that the "captu
Dstons" 10 which we have oOre than drawn atten
ion about 10 ressaye revision. II the saltsn's gov
be III 70 have Jurisdiction in toe affairs OF Eu
rope must certainly be held III TO administer justice
10 the soiourners within its frontiers In the days
whea Francis the First courted the favor Of Suleiman
chants should be allowed TO live At Pera under the pro-
lection Of the French Ambassador much in the same
fhsfs Hr-f ErUl had
their factories in the territory OF the Mogus Yet there
kind Of intoleran; both sides. The Christian
could conceive possible TO be subject TO Mussumsn
law, while the Mahomedan admitted the FranKsh
Representatives and their clients 10 manage their
little affairs In their AS to crimes of VIC.
hence being committed by Frank a Mussulman, the
probably entered the mind OF sultan Nzer
We know now hos all thsis changed The most des 20
rate rubans OF Southern Europe In Turkey under
British. Austrian, French or Greek protection. We give
IMMUNITY TO onans ard Maltese Austria h~s her Croats
freDchipas crowd Of Bevantines, whose
professed attach nent 10 Catholicism Is allowed 70 be
he cloak To any kna cry; while Greece and ~.
giles send contingent whose character may be easily
imagined. While the Of these projection for
ieiD2uences the whole enjoy inmun ties OF The most
courts Of their own country. They pay lees taxes
than their neignbors, and in some places none at
all They are wholly beyond the Jurisdiction Of
shc Porte, wh~ for all claims on the government
or Oh Turkish subjects they bring .iuto play the
whole machinery Of their embassy. Each repre-
sentative almost bound to make every private
plant affair Of state and fact the real nominal
Austrian Btiton, Freedman practically turns the d.
plOnaNts
Whenever be plcascs. 8a this Is not all n We were
only Interested In own counrymen or IN our Western
allies, might rest content with hearing that Europeans
mad little liberty than they deserved aud that ,he
chief sun the Turks, their state and dignity
But both interest and treaties bid treat
The SULTAN and his subjects treat FreDchmen or
ermans, wish 10 be treated The exemp-
tons Conferred by the " captulatousi. render all i'm
rrov met almost impossible Ia Turkey Their practical
working IL 10 double The oppression on the poor by giving
undue immunity to the rich. Every Christian merchant
for instance, who has gained certain position obtains
nofo ~,
of native rule, bu; even the proper obligations Of
sunjesl Thus those who might otherwise have In
crest improving the political state country be
come res srdless Of as a. they fronchmen
Aursrsns, while the Turks amend aud mi,i
gate their aumnistraton since they feel that every
man Is subject cannot but be poor unfricnded
oucss unable TO purchase the protection OF
uhen every hastens To shake OF his allegiance 10
The reception OF foreign dplomass, aud 20 pro
-lsim that he and h. are merely STRANGERS dwelling in
be andY In fact there be spirit " PATRIOTS m
smoue those gbo have subjected for life such
ecgs Turks, Greeks and Ievantnes taught TO feel
hat they merely eocamped ia the country Enterprise
org~lA.s yslc norris prirai, support and the
my fseltng ,scef the torc y Doey chlch cdn BE- salt 10
I'D a. ~, bitter hgOoding faBoiicis1 trcl learnt
o cs,rerS p-;h Chris'ioncy IN me Fast
We may rejoice, then TO learn that the "capulaonv
y stein be modified; but scarcely
mpa.e the ful effect Of il abolition. Never have Eu
ropeans entertained the idea of living under the
sriccd working Of Mahomeuan law Wherever they have
wandered they always pstinctvely nterposed
xnd OF barrier between themselves and system them
unknown terrible and impious. They have, a. matter
VI corse, organized themselves into community,
and obtained certain definite rights before cstab.
ishing themselves 10 bon Christian country, aud
hey have remained apart, in i, but not of H. Thi
NAV. indeed, be partly the result nf un'0unte pre-
udice, but II must be allowed 10 be partly based
On principles 10 be eradiCated from the nature
u the two religions. After ALL the MussuIman tho
timdoo musL Ear remain separated from
he European by deep gulf A HISTORIAN Copt u
be depths o, the wilderness has more In common with
than the most civilized Pashs In STEAMBOAT We feel
his and the less educated Oriental feels Thus,
hen, may look with interest on the great work which
Europe has undertaken to- accompish-the admission OF
turkey and analogous principles other Christian
nonarcbics into the fellowship OF nations aud the
ension to their rulers OF full sovereign and executive
rights over Christian men. Both things new In tha
history OF the world. An old system has been broken
or. great attempt at fusion is made. The result time
alone can show.
Great Bvi ain.
There has been nothing much importance In parlia
nent Lord Campbell called the attention Of the Lords