The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1856-01-27


tween the Mediterranean with the Red Sea by the
Isthmus Of Suez. Viewed in this light The iinpor.
tan,e OF Alden becomes vastly greater than was ever
Dreamed OF by men not bent on contr ling the keys
OF commerce throughout the world The same char
ac'erstics mari the seizure OF Central America and
the Colony Of the Bay Islands. More than fifty
years ago, the seizure If Malta and the retention
OF 1t IN defiance OF the treaty OF Ansiens, brought
en- long and dessolatiDg ~ar with France, and this
important laval station was never relinquished,
though it's occupation caused the expenditure of
rivers Of blood The war with Spain for Gibra tar
was another evidence OF the same rapacious spirit;
and now the war with Russia having for its object
the eventual COZ troll of the Bospholus is believed to
give proof that the same policy is still to be pursued
in 10th hemispheres. MI. President, it will be re-
collected by honorable Senators here and all others
WHO chose to observe my humble course in public
life. that was reluctant and slow to believe that
Great Britain could disgrace herself by such preteyts
rs are used to circumveDt the treaty Of 1850. The
honorable Senator from Michigan (Mr. Cass) under
stood them better than did; there others here
who understood them; l. and call all here to wit
ness i'll, believing from the declarations of the
British Minister, Lord John Russell himself that it
impossible that such monstrous construction
should ever be resoIted TO as is adopted by the
British Ministry. did on repeated occasions, on the
floor of the Senate attempt to vindicate the
thSt Gre at Britain had pursued and in the exercise Of
that charity which trust shall always exercise to-
wards all men endeavored to show that Great Bri-
tein not yet dishonored-that she might retrace
these steps which were erroneous, and that to
ally we must have confidence that she would carry
out her contract" But. sir, when heard the an
nual message Of the President Of the United States
read from yorr table, my convictions underwent a
total revolution. ] saw from the monstrous con-
struction set that the treaty to be considered
as oniy-r"sPecfi,e in its operation that.we Nere TO
he subjected to the kind Of sh fling and the
sane despcable attempts at special pleading which
marked the letter Of Lord Palnerson to Castillon,
Minister of Nicaragua. on the 10th Of July, ls49,
and which, indeed marked the correspondence of
the krilish ruUnep oil fpehla Enptral
American nations during the whole period for
which Lord Palmerston had the direction of ,ish
foreign affairs Sir, Il any iran wishes to rec spe-
cmen of that kind o. writing which call de pic able
sre iaIpleadiDg let him look at the arrogant, over
hearing letter writer by Lord Palmerston to Castil
Ion. the Minister OF Nicaragua, to which have re-
tered, ard which il to be found in Senate docu-
ment IS, page $50, communicated by President
Fillmore to tie Senate on the 18th of July. 1850.
as the attention OF the Senate in this come ton
particularly to that letter for the purpose Of illus
trating the duplicity that has marked the course
OF the British government en- this whole subject.
In the letter of Lord Palmerston to Senior Castlon
he reasons-if it can lie cale6 reasOning-by found
Ing his pretensicns Oh the treaties with Spain of
1913 and l7t6. He considers those teates rs in
full force ard effect, AID in so viewing them he
presses upon the Minister Of Nicaragua that under
end by virtue OF them the British prO;ectOrate WAS
establlsbtd-an argument which think no other
ran on earth would use who had read the treaties.
Again, cir. IN letter written on the 5th o. January,
1850, to Mr. Lawrence, our mister in London Wis
court Palmerston refers expressly 10 letter
written by Frederick Chatfeld. British agent in
Central America OF that time, and says that that
letter Of Chatfeld :" contains statement OF facts
showing the nature of the connection viii has eX-
isted stree the riddle Of the seventeenth century
between Great Britain and the Mosquito nation"
He refers him to that as showing the authority
upon which the British government has acted.
and sends MIR. Lawrence copy of Chat
fields letter. at the close of which you find
that Chatfeld not only recognizes those treaties
OF l7sS ard i7s6. but says expressly that the evi-
dence Of the hereditary monarchy of the Mosquitoes
is to be fourd il those treaties of 1883 aud 1886,
which, he says the British agents have never repu
dated and have constantly recognized" Now, what
think you, after all that, of this same Viscount
Pamerston. standing ut the head of the British
government, directing the correspondence of Lord
Clarendon, and Lord Clarendon writing to our Mn
lister at London. Mr.. Buchl man, stating that these
treaties were pnt an end to by subsequent state
of war" with Spain, which terminated in 1909!
Here is fat contradiction Of himself by himself,
which submit is nothing less than disgraceul to
public minister. can use NO mlder language when
] refer to it Our own minister. Mr.. Lawrence, was
told by Lord Palmerston to rely on the Chat6eld
statement which positively alleges the validity OF
those treaties and Lord Palmerston himself, in his
letter TO Castillon, relies on the validity Of those
tre aties throughout, and the acts of the British
Parian ent in 1917 and in 1919, and the treaties
OF the British government in 1914 and in 1925, had
re cosnized the same treaties and them when pressed
bard in the argument by our minister in London,
he tells Us that the some treaties were abrogated
by war with Spain which terminated even 80 far
back as 1909 and that they have been dead letter
ever since Mr.. President, could 60 and con-
sumo the tine Of the Senate by pointing out other
Inconsistencies in the arguments and statements Of
the British Ministry monstrous this, but for
bear. only wish now, before have doue, to call
the attention of the Senate to one other subject in
this connection. Lord Clarendon contends with
Mr. Buchanan that the principle on which the
American and British govern ueDts have always
heretofore acted that by revolution the territorial
rights of the mother country, in case and in
the case Of the Spanish 'merican colonies, devove
on the revolted colonies when they have successful
~ maintained their indept ndence and that they be-
come virtually the heirs of the rights they have
serted by the declaDtiop and Daintenance Of their
is not to be upheld He is driven
20 bard in the argument that lie denies that propo-
sition; ard what is the effect of the denial To |
rive bis government, instead Of usufruct. I'M
aited right of sovereignty and dominion in Belize.
i il further to deny the right of Nicaragua and the
Central American States 10 the rights which Spain
mad in tie country he the revolution of the Span
rh American republics. We all know. men who
have reed melting Of the law OF nations how lit
tie credit is to lie given to such doctriues as his
loidship contends for But desire now to present
still further conclusive evidence Of the territorial
rights Of Nicaragua. 1t would be little too much
for re to suppose that the British Foreign Office
did not contain copy of the treaty which am
q. out TO read to you. On lbe 25th day of July,
1850 MIR Marcole a. the Minister Of Nicaragua con-
cluded with Spa treaty which gave to Nicaragua
all the rights which Srain ever held in the whole
corDtiy between the Pacific end the Caribbean Sea.
Mr.. CAss-Whst 10 the date Of that treaty?
Mr.. CLAYTON TIE 25th Of July 1850: AMI if
gentle men wish to know how ! obtaLed it, ! will
state that had it from Mr. MarcoIeta himself; and
! row present il before the Senate in his own hand
with in Spanish, wit. an English translation. AS
know OF no other way OF putting it on record,
will read that Part Of the treaty which cedes the
whole territory to Nicaragua, that Senator's may
judge Of the candor of any British Minister who
shall hereafter overlook this treaty. and contend
that Nicaragua has not the territorial rights which
Spain had, because they had not devoved on her by
the revolution. Here is the paper
Inrnt If TRAY Jtf,c Spain and Nicaragua, si7,ed
ne 95fh dos If July, 1850 IN The Marquis Of fidI, Sc
rainy # StoI u her Cotholic M1jct, ana Mr. Marco
Lid hrigtr Pien,potsnary rom Nicaragua; Ratified
IN he Git Of horth. 1851.
ARI1cuIo IRnrRo Article FrRr
Su Majeetad Ca, lies us Her Ca hoic dsjesty max
~ do &c la aculted Que lie ing Of the faculties b.,
compete POI las longing to ber from the d.
cortes Gtnera,s Del RENO of the Cortes General
eel de 1iciemtre &c 1888 Of the kingdom OF the
uncia para semp,e. del Of December, 1885, reuoun
&C for mel s'lemDe ces forever tor her.ef AM