davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Lancaster ledger. [volume] (Lancaster, S.C.) 1852-1905, 1855-03-21
AGRICULTURAL.
EARN BEFORE YOU SPEND.

Boswell, in his life Of johnson, tells a
story OF Mr.. Langton, an acquaintance
OF the great photographer, who maintain
ed household in style Of elegance and
even luxury, apparently far beyond its
means, simply because he never purchased
anything until he had the money to rive
for il. The celebrated John Randolph il
well known to have said, that there was
one maxim worth more than all others. for
the conduct Of life, and that it was. "pay
as you Co." As the experience Of every
man, who has lived to the age of forty.
comedies with his opinion, it seems, at
first, astonishing that SO many people fall
into pecunary difficulties in consequence
OF spending before they have earned
But, in the flush of youth, present enjoy
ment is nearly all that is thought Of: the
future is dismissed with a shrun: every
effort is made to forget the cold counsels
OF wisdom. 1t requires, therefore that
the great truth which we have placed at
the head of this article, should he constant.
ly obiruded on the public mind, and should
be enforced again. Not only individuals.
indeed, but States, nations and commupi
Ties OF every size, suffer by neg!ecting this
golden maxim.
why is so much specie now going to
Europe! Because the country at large
has been spending money for French silks,
treneh wines, and other foreign luxuries,
before 1t had earned the solid cash TO nav
for them. If we had waited until we had
sold enough grain, cotton and provisions.
IN other words, if we had kept our impor-
tatlons within our probable exports. we
shh99pId not now be compelled to send 81,
WHY -" quantities. of nolJ abroad
that money is tigh,' Because they have
either been spending what they have not
earned, or have debtors, who having done
s"' are unable to Fay up. In short, all
our existing evils can be traced back, d.
recty or indirectly, to the violation of this
golden maxim. There is no touch-s,one
to prevent extravaganza like that Of pay
ing cash for everything. If a housckeep.
er divides her income into weekly sums,
and spends daily no more that that DAVIS
proportion, she is sure never to get behind
hand. If the merchant, mechanic, opera
tive, or retired gentleman, estimates what
he can afford to spend annually, and rig
idly pays cash, there is no danger of his
becoming bankrupt through excessive en-
FSSditure. What the salety-valye is to
the steam engine, that is the maxim :;
"earn before you spend," to commence
lie. If you pay as you 60" you will al
ways be independent, always your own
master, because, never in debt.
Phil. Ledger.
The Lancaster ledger. [volume] (Lancaster, S.C.) 1852-1905, 1855-03-21
NANURES.

We have a few words to say on a sub
Ject which is generally admitted to Le i'm
portant, but which is two little understood:
t1-wit, the absolute necessity of sustaining
soils subject to tiIIage by the application
Of appropriate fertiIizing agents. Every
material which, added to the soil tends to
fert'nze it, is properly classed among ma
""rcs. They are propcrally divided into
organic and inorganic; the first emLra-
cling animal anI vegetable substances
which have an apprcciaLIe quantity ofni-
trcgen; the last such as arc puIely miner
al or earthly, and which contain no nitro
gen. a modern writer asserts that all
fertile soils must have no less than fifteen,
and more probably sixteen elementary
substances in various combinations. All
the ordinary cultivated plants contain pot
ash, soda, magncsia, alumni silica, oxide
OF Manganese, sulphurie acid, plrosplloric
and chlorine, frequently iodine; each of
which, except the last two, are in comb
nation with oxygen. In addilionto these
they have also carbon, oxygen, nitrogen
and hydrogen. 1t is therefore obvious
that such elements as all fertile soils furn-
nish to plants must be contained in ma.
nures. 1t is true that plants will grow in
sand and water; and some atmospheric
plants will exist in air; but iulI maturity
can probably never be obtained without
the presence Of every element which en-
ters into the composition Of plants.
il Is then matter Of the highest con-
sequence to know Whist substances may
be most useful as s.manuros, and also how
20 apply ther, in the best usuafesss sOl
The Lancaster ledger. [volume] (Lancaster, S.C.) 1852-1905, 1855-03-21
IN ADVANCE
MUM Der 9

the inorganic manures, none is mora es.
Sent'I perhaps than ashes. AIthorol
the quantity of ashes, IN comparison with
the total weight of the vegetable is small
yet IN few years the soil will become az.
h'uste1 OF the principles necessary to
sustain Iuxuriant vegetation. Ashes arc
sad to be to the earthly part of vegeta
Dies, what milk is in the animal system !.
or barn yard manures to the entire crop.
The question of the economy of the an.
PIlcation of ashes as n msaure, is one that
deserves particuia. attention. They i'm
prove all soils not already saturated with
the principles which they contain. They
are used with decided advantage for pota-
toes, turnips, and all roots, as well as for
peas beans, grain. and all grasses. They
may be drilled into the soil with root and
grain, sown broadcast on meadows or
pastures, or mixed with muck heap.
lhe ashes of bituminous ,n,l anthra.
cite coal have been regarded bv some As
worthless, but though Inferior il, quality
to those made from wood and vecet. .u,.s.
they are rs manure, and NAV be used
IN the same manner If they contain
many cinders they are better suited to
heavy than to light soils.
Lime, next to ashes, either as a carbon
ate or sulphate, is useful in the improy-
ment OF the soil, and like ashes may be
applied advantageously to every soil, not
already charged with it sufficiently. Saws
the American Agriculturst, at makes
heavy land lighter, and light land heav-
ier; it CLUES adhesiveness to creeping
sands or leachy gravel, and comparative
openness and porosity to tenacious claws:
and it has permanently beneficial effect
where generally used in disinfectinc the
atmosphere of any noxious vapors exis-
ting in it. 1t not only condenses and re-
ta'ns the volatile gases brought into con-
tact with il by the air and rains, but il
soluble matters IN the soIi, IuUo aTanaUiv
food for plants. 1t has proved in many
instances the wand Of Midas, changing
everything it touched into gold"
The Lancaster ledger. [volume] (Lancaster, S.C.) 1852-1905, 1855-03-21
COUNTRY PAPERs-THEIR USE.

Country papers are of much more use
than people imagine.
They very materially aid in directing
public attention to matters in which every
citizen Of the county is mere or less inter-
eSted. ......
They contribute in variety of ways, to
the formation OF public opinion, on sub
jects of public interest. ....-
They furnish very convenient mediums
for the discussion of questions Of l,cal in
terest.
They aid in giving character and i'm
portance to the country in which they are
published.
They stimulate taste for reading, and
disseminate, in the course of one year,
vast amount OF useful information, much
OF which would not reach portion oftheir
resders through any other channel.
They are ofvery essential use in a FAM
lily, in fostering taste for reading among
children. County papers enjoy an advan-
tage in this respect over papers published
at a distance, because many oftI,eir items
are of local interest, which naturally at
tract the child's attention, The adyertis-
ing columns Of these papers are particular
ly attractive to this class Of readers.
County papers by the local information
| they contain, arc often the means ofdraw-
ing new and valuable citizens to the couu-
ty in which they are published.
They are Of essential service in publish
ing various items Of local intelligence in
which the citizens are more or less inter
este,l, but Of which many would remain
uninformed were it not for these papers.
In short, county papers add, in great
variety Of ways, to the chavacter, intel
'igence and prosperity of the county in
which they are published. And, there-
fore, have strong claims for support upon
all who are thus directly or indirectly.
benefited by them.
As to the objection, which we not nm
frequently hear urged against the suppors
Of county papers, that. the pric, charged
for them is TOO high. Itnay be replied .
that the price at which the paper can te
afforded, depends mainly upop the NM
Der Of It's subscribers. The chief expense
.
The Lancaster ledger. [volume] (Lancaster, S.C.) 1852-1905, 1855-03-21
From the Home Journal.
MEMORY.

Mature established n beautiful law,
when she ordained that memory should
ever be friendly power, bearing the JOYS,
but not the woes, Of each epoch to the
one which succeeds it,"
What wonderful faculty is this of re:
membrance! and who shall conjecture its
agency rs an instrument of reward or
punishment hereafter, when action shall
have ceased to he the element of our ex-
lstence, and reflection, redundant in vi
ta'ity, becomes all-powerful, not, as now,
to be postponed to more convenient seas
ons by any Of the expedients Of employ
ment or OF amusement VIC have here at
our command; when memory shall wav,
her creative wand, and conjure from the
cd on the tablet wnefe are e,,,r,hI:.>,.
incidents, intentions and transactions OF
life If to my feeble pen be given the
power to orerleap lifetime, and bring
before me persons and events so little in
accordance with my actual condition as
to make me almost doubt my own dent-
ity, what may not be the capacity Of its
motive, thought, hereafter, when present
and future no longer furnish materials for
its exercise and diversion. and the past lie
comes the alim"nt of our pleasures and
our painsl There is something start
ling in the idea Of union of all our
moral faculties into one, and that one 10
be the minister Of our veal or woe, not
for season only, but for eternity. And
yet, we regard memory as rather an oc-
casional companion, than as an associate
who is 10 be our friend or our foe forever.
We close our senses to her admonitions
now, or steep them in forgetfulness, when
she threatens to be obtrusive; or we well
come her with smiles when she comes with
flowers from the lost paradise Of youth,
to revive with their fragance the blunted
susceptibiities oi age. Such, however,
as this last, through the mcrciful dispen.
sation Of Providence who permits no e.
vii without its attendant allcviation, is
most frequently her blessed vocation on
earth; for unless bound by conscience to
some absorbing and narrowing reminis-
cence, hers is agenerous .urpose that de-
lights To combine with fancy, and to fill
the mind with pleasurable ;mages-wth
reflections in which innocence has had
part, and intention been too pure to be
faithfully represented by practice. F~r
myself, | dearly love this Lenignant en-.
ployment Of plastic powers, and often
yield to it so entirely as to forget that my
indulgence may not be equally agrcca-
bic 10 Others, to whom the incidents, with
out the emotions they recall, may be de-
ficient in what constitutes, to me. their
principal attractiveness. But the desire
to amuse is, in itself, merit, when con-
hected with nothing from which deIcacy
should shrink, or refinement take offence:
and, therefore, although II 10 beyond my
ability or my endeayor to lay down such
rules as may make memory an abiding
comfort hereafter, ! venture to hope such
exercise OF Ler influence as has begniled
my own solitude, will not have entirely
failed Of present gratifcation to others.
The Lancaster ledger. [volume] (Lancaster, S.C.) 1852-1905, 1855-03-21
I Won't!

mo, l won't So now there's an end
OF it" You won't? Whether YOU arc
right or wrong depends on what it is YOU
are asked to do. If bad or unworthy
thing, the sooner II won't" is said the bet
ter. But there is way of coinmunica.
ting the same idea,far more emphaticaly
even without using the angry words.
1t it be good thing be careful! how
you commit yourself by saving Il won't"
too soon. Once said you feel pledged to
your word. Ard, even il you relent, you
feel half ashamed at having to contradict
by your acts your uttered resolve.
2Bnt."[ won't" is an angry expression.
1t savours of doggedness-determinatr
to take ones own course whether right or
wrong. If not uttered in anger, it is apt
to excite ange- and resistance in the one
to whom it is addressed. The words are
not OF mildness, bit Of stubbornness.
Yet not always so. "Iwontw saws
the careless mother to her fretful child
But the very next minute the mother re-
lents, and the child learns that Il won'tn
means nothing but temporary anger
Next time, the child will teaze LONGER.
never needing the 81 won't" which, il has
learned, means nothing. The pledged
word has not been kept to the child, and
the child soon learns to disregard the ut
terer.
Those who have disregard for the
feelings of others, will he careful of giving
way TO their angry II won't" A good
resolution may be expressed as firmly in
KIND tone as in an unkind one. It is
not necessary 10 briste up, in order to re-
solve firmly.
one need not be namby-pamby either
or doubl-faced, putting on an assumed
smoothness, with the claws clutched be-
cultivate the habit of gentleness in words
AS well as in acts, and yet Le full Of un-
bending resolution.
"Cultivate the habit Of gentlenes ~ You
excIaim. Yes, we reply. It can be done.
1t has often been done. 1t is impossible to
command ones temper; it is possible to
use gentle words instead Of ungentle ones;
it is possible to be mild and firm, instead
OF fretful and fierce. The habit of gem
tleness may be cultivated as well as that
OF pecvishness, the habit of amicability
instead of that Of anger.
Happy is the man whose habits are
his friendsr" says the maxim. A man
can cultivate his habits as he does his
friends. lie can choose for himself A
man can govern his thoughts, control his
temper, elevate his aspiration, if he will.
On every side there are helps to happi-
neess, which any man may make use of to
promote his personal well being, and to
improve his inner life, if lie determines TO
employ them.
lfsuch temper and disposition be Sc
duIously cultivated, the irritable-produc-
ing exclamation Il won't" would he much
more rarely heard in social and domestic
life than it now is.
The Lancaster ledger. [volume] (Lancaster, S.C.) 1852-1905, 1855-03-21

TRUTm.-1ruih alone may not co,et
tute great man, but it is the most i'm
porsnt ingrediept in great character; il
esalts and extsnds igs own qualities, il
gives confidence to those who serve M
der him, security TO those who employ
him; and. in the world at large, itinspires
q solid and permanent admiration, which
,aaip.ains, and ss last surpesses and out
lives the enthusiasm excited by he teln-
poraFy success.
The Lancaster ledger. [volume] (Lancaster, S.C.) 1852-1905, 1855-03-21

Il Gentle Hint.-Why don't you get
married r. said young lady, the other
day, to bachelor friend.
Il hsve been trying for the last ten
years 10 fad some one who would be silly
enough 10 have me" was the reply.
4 guess you havnt been up our way, 8
was the insinuatine sejoinder.
The Lancaster ledger. [volume] (Lancaster, S.C.) 1852-1905, 1855-03-21
So PER ANNUM.

draPery Of fiction. No single circum.
stance here re'ated nor solitary event
mere recorded, but happened 10 Edgar
Allen Poe, the Editor, Critic and Poet
one OF the most popular and brilliant wri-
ters Of America.
The Lancaster ledger. [volume] (Lancaster, S.C.) 1852-1905, 1855-03-21


The LATE LEGACY TO DAVIDSON Cor.
LEoE.-The Southern Presby terian, of
this week, says:
The statements made in our public
Journals with regart to the amount of Mr..
Chamber nuni6cent bcquest to David
son College have been so yarions that We
are gratified in having received full
statement Of the matter from the lips Of
one Of the Trustees Of the College, who
is also Pastor Of the Church Of which Mr..
G. died member. The exact amount oI
the legacy cannot be asceuained at pres
ent, inasmuch as special requests are 10
be pail out Of the estate Of which the
College stands IS The resiluary legaiee.
No dorbt, however, is entertained that
the College will receive the sum Of two
hundred thousand dollars, aud perhaps a
larger sum.
Mr.. Chambers also left property and
money, amounting to $4,000, or more,
t. the Presbyterian Church at Salisbu.
W.
We do not remember similar instance
Of ;iberslity toward the Church and her
institutions in our country.
The Lancaster ledger. [volume] (Lancaster, S.C.) 1852-1905, 1855-03-21
from tho Portland State Of Maine of 3D. inst.
Increase of Drinking.


The Prohibitory Liquor Law of Maine
was passed June 2, 1851. Similar laws
were passed in Massachusetts, Vermont
Rhode Island and other States, in the fo.-
lowing year.
It's matter Of the gravest inquiry
yhons all classes of men as to the effect
Of pTohibitory statutes upon the p uJlic
morals.
We do not propose in this paper to
discuss the principle of prohibition, but
simply to give certain facts furnished us
by the Reports on Commerce and Navi.
CATION, by the Secretary of the Treasury,
showing the comparative consumption ,f
liquors before and sirce the passage OF the
Liquor Law of Maine, and the correspon.
ding cnactments in other States.
We give below table showing the
value OF the imports of wine, spirits, ale,
DC, for 1852, 1853 and 1854:
Wines. Distilled Spirits. Ale, &c.
1852 $2,2O3,32l s2.22O,47a $257,44o
1858 2995,e32 3,s27,79s se54eo
1854 s.a7O,oo2 2,o9o,2e2 5e7, 900
In 1853, the importation OF Brandy
was 3,747,37s gallons, valued at $3,l43,-
GOT. In 1854, tho importation was only
2,O29,57O gallons, valued at g., ,Os3.le5
The value of brandy imported in 1853,
was SO cents per gallon. In 1854. twas
lo2 cents per gallon. This fact serves
in part to explain the falling off in the i'm,
ports Of brandy in 1854. There was a
short hs sFGR %pSHtF H tF5fns 81 81 other description, OF
drinks increased largely in 1854 over
1853, as will be seen by examination Of
the above figures.
The scarcity Of brandy in France has
caused an increase in the manufacture Of
domestic spirits in this country the past
year, which has been extremely profta-
ble.
According to the census Of 1850, (see
Compendium page 1922 there was an
annual production in the United States
Of 4l,a64,224 gallons Of whiskey and
high wines, 100000 gallons of rum,
and 2.I79,495 barrels Of ale.
The wine manufacture was not reported
in 1850, but it has since grown into I'M
portance at the West.
In 1852, we exported the following lis
titled spirits Of domestic or home manu-
faciure, as follows
The Lancaster ledger. [volume] (Lancaster, S.C.) 1852-1905, 1855-03-21
MISCELLANEOUS.
NOT A FICTION.
SKETCH OF EDGAR A. POE.

P'"'eo ""u was iotgiVen now lie pass
ed from the editorship OF one magazine
70 another; how he went from city to CITY
and State to State--an energetic, aspi.
ring, sanguine, brilliant man-bearinp
The curse Of irresolution-neve constant
but to the dangerous besetments of dissi-
patton and profigacy; how friends advised
him and publishers demonstrated; how, at
one time he had conquered his propensi-
~ so as to call himself in n letter to a
triend, a model OF temperance and virtue:
and how, at another, he forfeited the birb
occupation (etlitor) which was the sole
dependence OF his family, by frequent re-
iapses into his former dissolule habits: how
he committed under the excitement of in
toSicatiou,f faults and excesscs that were un-
pardonable, how he forfeited the esteem
OF the public, even whilst his talents COM
manded adIniration; how he succeeded in
bringing many literary speculations into
life, which his vicious habits and inatten-
lion to business murdered in their youth:
now he became confirmed inebrate,
with only now a..d then iitful hour or
90 with which to throw off on paper the
ragsries Of mind rich with learning and
imaginative fancics; how his young and
beautiful wife died, broken hearted, and
how he became so reduced in appearance
+ Nv 'o'se' :" oe "o'e 10 make h's ap-
ree "'"o"s '''S '''ehd'; now h's w'tes
~ 'o"''"H' 70 ms i"'ien fortunes,
""A''s 70 cohcea' his vices, went
"nu''P' from ONCE 10 ofnce,
-" P'o''encr 70 publisher, IN search
- - - eaifa'. ). =, ' ~ 80
-,
-, Ill. -. ~ ".
-. -, 80 -, e'
-, ..........,..,, =. n- -. 80. -
-, -.
.Ir.r ),
-
..r.-,., -,
,.I... 49,, 80. = '. 49,: g., ,Ns'
or - -.
...;.;o,.L,,;,. =. ,', .,
r..,,o,,, -. ;.,,..,
:,
s, ""''"PPy' See"e' OF Ea-
k ~ 10 w ",'' 'oV" :" e'ev :,
ps. ''u.'s "s"'e' =. "'S OWN manu.
,e mao party 'eeo'e'ea rom MS ua"-
su' eou a"u was e"g"ged 'n ae'''-
s " '"e'e"' 'o" i"ey
' e"d ""' " va"
w" es "Ae 'e"e"eu e'"''ae'''e
,""' "'e A'us"' '''e"aS " Tue ''S''"a'S"e'
~ I've ''' ""'I" ""'
~" e''.'asu''"eu '" eA'e"e ''o',e'!'
80" "Prea'' - ""'' 'e"e"s'' "''
' 1"a " ' WV" P,e"
e 80 's'' '''. "' "e"', ""' nc
a','es ''0'''e. "''" '"'o '"e', soe',
. S'y ."e 'eS "s""' "' '"e ''''''a"'
PA'' sNs" ~ '"e no's's =" "'S s'"e'-
"'A wac" "s was tie
~. !" lHe evening roe met WIN u
~ -"s 'o'ey ~o'"a"' ""o'" NC ""''
' SUISSE i"s" 'r'f"''n.P was
~ M e'is"' 'P'o'"''
e '"sy "e'o s"esgea 20 % ""'''e''-
= ""s sse"eu " P'o'"'se "e'' Tue
The Lancaster ledger. [volume] (Lancaster, S.C.) 1852-1905, 1855-03-21
Children

1t Is a mistake to think that children
love the parents less who maintain prop.
er authority over them. On the con.
trary, they respect them more. 1t is a
cruel and unnatural selishness that in.
dulges children in foolish and hur,ful
way. Parents are guides and counsellors
70 their children. AS guide in foreign
land, they undertake to pilot them safely
through the shoals and qucksands of in
experience. If the guide allows his fo'-
lowers all the liberty they please if be-
cause they dislike the constraint of the
narrow path of safety, he allows them to
stray into holes and precipices that destroy
them, TO slake their thirst in brooks that
po'sen them, to loiter in woods full of wild
beasts or deadly herbs, can he be called
sure guide' And is it not the same
with our chidrenl They are as yet q nly in
the preface, or, as it were, in the first
chapter Of the book of life. We have
nearly finished it, or are far advanced
We must open the pages for these young
er minds. II children see that their par.
ents act from principle-that they do not
ma fauIt without rcason-that they do
not punish because personal offence is civ.
en- but because the thing in Itself is wrong
III they see that while they are resolutc-
L..
~ but atfectionately refused what is not
good for them, there is willingness to
obI'ge them in all innocent matters-they
will soon appreciate such conduc:. Ifno
attention is paid to the rational wishes-if
no allowance is made for youthful spirits
ii they are dealt with in hard and
unsympatilis'ng manner, the proud spirit
Will rebel, and the meek spirit be broken.
Our STOPPING to amuse them, our CO,
descending to make ourselves one in their
plays and pleasures at suitable times, will
ss4 lRsa ist,ssSaa Il ,saY to Tn; lEe, that at oh.
times we refuse to do so. A pert or inn
proper way speaking ought never to
be allowed. Clever children are very
apt, to he pert, and il too much admired
for, and laughed at, become eccentric and
disagreeable. 1t is often very difficult to
check our own amusements, but their fu-
ture welfare should he regarded more than
our present entertainment. II should
never be forgotten that they are tender
plants committed to our fostering care
that every thoughtless word or carelesss
neglect may destroy germ Of immorta =
ity-"that fonlishncSs is bound up in the
heart Of a child"-and that we must ever,
Ike watehful husbandmen, be on our
guard against it. 1t is indeed little we
can do in our strength, but if we are con-
scien,ious performers Of our part--;f we
earnestly commend them in faith an |
prayer to the fostering care Of their Faith
er in Heaven-to the tender love Of Him,
the Angel Of whose presence goes before
them, and who carries these lambs in his
bosom-we may then go on our way re-
joiccing-for "He will never leave nor
forsske those who trust in Him."
The Lancaster ledger. [volume] (Lancaster, S.C.) 1852-1905, 1855-03-21

aBill, did you ever 60 TO seat"
"No, bu, ! doubled one Of the cspes o.
Fiorida once.s
sPo~sib;s r.
awbich one r -
4Ths one tha. belongs 10 LILY Jones
Of Tallahassee. s. y