davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Ashland union. [volume] (Ashland, Ashland County, Ohio) 1854-1868, 1855-03-28
lSsafl1sffilaueous.
:. PAUL JONES:
THE sCoURaE OF THE OCEAN.

Tho subject of this sketch, John Paul
Jones occrpies position in the history
of the American marine shared by few
others. His exploits were always mark
ed by daring confidence in his ultimate
success, and he achieved ends in many
cases with remarkably inadequate means.
He was born July 6, l747, at Arbig-
land, in the perish of KirSbean, Scotland
Bis father name was John Paul. The
name Of jones was assumed ID addition
at later date His father vas gar
dener, and continued, during his life, in
the employ of Mr.. Craik, Of Arbigland.
The early education of Paul Jones
was limited but thorough as far as it
went. at the carly age of twelve he
was regularly apprenticed to follow the
sea-. His master was Mr. Younger, a
merchant in the American trade. His
first voyage was to America. On arriy-
ing at hiss destination he found his broth.
er William, who had been resident here
for number of years. With this broth
.er he remained during the time he was
in port. Jones manifested great aptness
for the profession, and made at this pc
Rod several very successful voyages.
In 1767, while returning to Scotland
in the John, as passenger, the master
and mate died of the yellow fever, and
Jones assumed the direction of the yes
sci, which he carried safely into port
He received the command of the vessel
he had rescued as his reward Thus we
find Jones, at the age oftwenty, or at
least itwenty-one, in full command of a
merchant vessel, an instance of promo,
The Ashland union. [volume] (Ashland, Ashland County, Ohio) 1854-1868, 1855-03-28
THE MENTAL FACULTIES.

l. The Perceptive faculties are those
by which we become acquainted with
the existence and qualities of the exter-
nal world.
2. Consciousness is the faculty by
which we become cognizant of the op-
erations of our own mind.
s. Original Suggestion is the facul-
ty which gives rise to original ideas, oc-
casioned by the perceptive faculties or
consciousness.
4 Abstraction is the faculty by
which, from conceptions of individuals,
we form conceptions of general and spe-
cies, or, in general, of classes.
5. Memory is the faculty by which we
retain and recall our knowledge of the
past.
6. Reason is that faculty by which,
from the use of the knowledge obtained
by the other faculties, we are enabled
to proceed to other and original knowl-
edge.
Z. Imagination is that faculty by
which, from materials already existing
in the mind, we form complicated con-
ceptions or mental images, according to
our own will.
8. Taste is that sensiblility by which
we recognize the beauties and deformi-
ties of nature or art, deriving pleasure
from the one, and suffering pain from
the other.
The Ashland union. [volume] (Ashland, Ashland County, Ohio) 1854-1868, 1855-03-28

TURN YorR FENCE PosT.-It is men,
toned as curious fact that farmer in
Connecticut who had recently took up
a fence after it had been standing four
teen years, found all those posts which
had been inverted from the way in which
they originally grew were sound, while
all those which had been set as they
grew we're rotted off at the bottom
Heads down, therefore, seems specific
against decay.
The Ashland union. [volume] (Ashland, Ashland County, Ohio) 1854-1868, 1855-03-28

His motions were watched by the
whole feet, who supposed he had come
out to surrender. At this moment
Jones gave the word, his ship, the ALI
ance, became cloud of canvas, and he
flew past the astonished admiral, deliv-
ering full broadside after as he pass
ed Onward he few, delivering and re-
ceiving broadside after broadside, and
escaped without the loss of mast or a
spar. Jones sailed at once for Brest,
in France, and while in the channel cap
tured two valuable prizes bound for
London, with which he arrived safely in
port.
On the 18th of October, 17s7, Con-
gress voted him gold medal in honor
of his services. Jones quilted America
in November, 17s7, and never again vis-
tied its shores. He was afterward en-
gagged in the Russian service: being sent
to the Black Sea by the Empress Cath
arine, as rear-admiral, Immediately af-
ter his arrival in St. Petersburgh.-
April 2S, 1888, he joined Prince Potem-
kin, who had commanded of the Russian
forces in the Black Sea. His connec-
tion with the Russian service is COM
plex history of disappointment and in
trigue.
While in the service he was in many
severe engagements, and showed great
personal courage, though the opportuni-
ty never seemed to present itself for the
exhibition of any remarkable exploit, or
quality worthy of his previous career,
He resided for sone time preceding
his death in Paris, where he died ON the
eighteenth of July, 1892, at the age of
forty-fve.
A distinguished writer, himself sal
lor, in speaking of Paul Jones, sums up
his qualities in the following manner.
'' In battle, Paul Jones was brave;
in enterprise, hardy and original; in
victory, mild and generous in motives,
much disposed to disinterestedness,
though ambitious of renown, and covet-
Gus of distinction. In his pecuniary rela-
tions he was liberal in his affections,
natural and sincere /; and his temper,
just and forbearlng."
The Ashland union. [volume] (Ashland, Ashland County, Ohio) 1854-1868, 1855-03-28
HOW STATUES ARE MADE.

"DICK TINTo," the Florence CORES
pondent of the N. Y. Times, writes
that the inducements for American
sculptors to remain in Italy-Powers,
Hart, Crawford and others-are that
they have constantly on hand more or
ders than they can execute, and employ
numerous workrnen at cheap wages
We quote
These workmen, who actually perform
the whole or nine tenths of the chisel-
ling, cutting in marble what their en-
pl oyer sets before them in plaster, re-
oeive italian wages-a small daily pit
tance. If taken to New York, they
would at once triple and quadruple their
italian earnings, and would probably set
up for themselves as caryers in small
way, or as decorators and ornamentors
of churches and public buildings. The
chisel is no longer the tool of the master
sculptor-his instrument is an old bit eff
stick, with which he scoops away at the
figure in clay, or " at the mud" as he
will tell you himself When finished as
nearly as much material can be, a
mould is taken, and from that mould
cast in plaster: If necessary this coat
is still further finished and sand -papered,
and is then harded over to the cutter,
whose duty it is to execute an exact fac
simile in marble. The sculptor proper
may never touch this marble, and when
he is told it is done he is ready to de-
liverd it to its owner The workman
in Mr.. Powers studio have executed
not far from forty Proserpines from the
one plaster original composed by the
master, and the Greek Slave has in the
sa NE way been reproduced three or four
times. The best bust maker in Italy
never touches the marble. He may sag-
eest or order hair strokes here and there:
but he does not handle the scraper him
self. In all this the workman, though
he may execute unassistedly, the statue,
the head, or the group, is no more the
author of his work 4han is the clerk who
copies the Prime Minister'S rough draft :,
or the calligraphist who engrosses set
of resolutions You can see how I'M
possible it would be for sculptors occu-
pying and requiring in this way the
work of many men, to transport their stu
dios to America.
The Ashland union. [volume] (Ashland, Ashland County, Ohio) 1854-1868, 1855-03-28

E The Sacramento Valley Rail-
road Company, which was chartered in
the year 1852, has a capital of 81 800
900, nearly all of which has been taken.
The company has surveyed and leveled,
three, hundred and sixty milts of the
line, one hundred and twenty miles of
which have been estimated upon, one
hundred and four actually located, forty
miles put under contract, of which half
is to be finished in twelve months, and
the rest in eighteen months.
The Ashland union. [volume] (Ashland, Ashland County, Ohio) 1854-1868, 1855-03-28
SPRING IS HERE.

Nature is waking from her cold rest
and casting off her dazzling winter robes.
fit but for sleeping hours, prepares her
self for active duty. Forest and plain
and farm will don their drapery ofleayes
and flowers, and hiding honey dews in
their sweet. bells, send zephyrs laden
with their fragrant kiss, to bid the in
sect world wake to the banquet.
F Flowers are but the wells, all beauti-
--fful, that hide the holy love of nature,
which, ere all the summer moons have
waxed and waned, will give to earth in
rich abundance fruit and seed for every
living thing, aye for the meanest insect
that doth crawl, giving its sluggish life
to feed the birds that fit above and car
oil nearer heaven as well as for proud
man, who boasts all things made for
his use,-aye boasts himself born in the
image of the God of love. Spring time
is here; now letrus come forth, and faith
full ever to our holy trust, faithful as
are the trees, the brooks, the fields, the
flowers, the insects, and the beasts and
birds, live out our true life, giving each
power God has conferred an active, ear
nest. life.
Now in the spring time of thy earnest
hope, and if thou1t prove thyself the
child of God, born in his image, learn
to be like him, good unto all, and true
unto thyself taking and giving blessing
all the year work with strong hands
and faithful, loving hearts, remember
ing that every well spent hour is like a
ray of sunshine from above, that warns
athousapd virtues into life, that cannot
die, while love or God slall last.
Z. D. GAGE.
The Ashland union. [volume] (Ashland, Ashland County, Ohio) 1854-1868, 1855-03-28
+-N-AA

PRESIDENTS AND GovERNoRs.-Fiveo of
the American Presidents had been Gov
ernors of States, and two had been Gov
ernors of Territories, previous to their
elevation to the Presidency, Jefferson,
Monroe and Tyler were Governors of
Virginia Van Buren, of New York, and
Polk of Tennessee. General Jackson
was Territorial Governor for short
time, and General Harrison gained
great applause during the long time he
was Governor of the Territory of Indi-
ana. aFsa-
The Ashland union. [volume] (Ashland, Ashland County, Ohio) 1854-1868, 1855-03-28
@@-A-

Sick OF THE DA RKNEss.- leading
Known Nothing paper in Boston advo-
Gates an open organization of the Know
Nothing party. The article is lengthy
and the result of considerable reflection
The editor is satisfied that secret po-
litical order cannot secure good results
in this Eepblic. He is sick of the secret
part and is desirous of trying an open
organization. He is really getting some
rays of light. Let him persevere.
The Ashland union. [volume] (Ashland, Ashland County, Ohio) 1854-1868, 1855-03-28

PRESCRIPTION IN LATIN.-The editor
of the ''Knickerbocker ludicrously IL
lustrates the necessity of reform in
medical nomenclature. Very much con-
founded, he says, was DR.. Doane, few
years since, by remark of one of his
patients. The day previous, the DR..
had prescribed that safe and palatable
remedy, the syrup of blackthorn, and
Jeff his prescription duly written in the
usual cabalistic characters-"Syr.
Rham. Cath On inquiring if the ap-
tient had taken the medicine, a thunder
cloud darkened her face, tightening dart
ed from her eye, and she roared out,
"No can read your doctor writing
and I amt a going to take Syrup of
Ram Cats for any body"
The Ashland union. [volume] (Ashland, Ashland County, Ohio) 1854-1868, 1855-03-28
SUNDAY AeaOilrg.
tFronl the Transcript
THE GOSPEL.


THE GOSPEL.
As when gray morning in the eastern sky.
Waits the glad coming OF days burning eye
Now her soft v~ir of thin transparent blue
Feels the first rosy sunbeam pierce it through
While He, slowly rising. throws Frightening beam
On azure clouds that skirt the ocean stream
Peers DER the wave, till his broad level glance
With golden glory floods the wide expanse-
Climbs up the sea beat cliffs that frown below.
Seatters the mists that shrouds tho mountains
brow -
Gilds every tree toPin the forests shade,
And gems the verdant vesturs OF the glade.
Finds the sweet flower, that mid the dim vale's
dew.
Smiles soft welcome with its eye OF blue
Throws hues of beauty on the secret brook,
And brightness round the grcenwood's shadowy
Till dewy valley and far cleaning height
And universal nature feel delight
So slow, still, and gentle the rain
Whose summer softness bathes the sultry plain,
So like the gIAddening:day spring from on high.
Beaming Gospel light on mans benishted eyel
Mark the sweet promise of that glorious primo.
In Its slow progress up the tide of time,
Not by mans will or way impetuous hurled.
BY sword or tempest through trembling world.
But, kept through many age. the latent spark
Threw Its clear beams where all around was dark
Lurked in the mountain-eavern's deep recess,
Lit the lone hermit through the wilderness;
Broke like star. when that triumphant sign
Cleaned on the blazing helm OF Constantine
Though faint, still warmed the bold crusaders
- veins,
IN night hung dark on Syria's burning plains
ohe where ST. Louis bore the hammered now
ers,
Cheered good king Richard under Acre's;towers,
Burst forth like living FIRE, from his lone cell,
Whose conquering spirit strove with earth and hell
While mitred priest and crownod king in vain
Announced the faggot or imposed the chain
Eut brightest blaze6, wheni by tuat savage shsre
Where the embattled storm and ocean roar.
Long tossed upon tina pillows, wintry dark;
asst anchor down that frail and shiverins, bark
As our bold fathers l1nelt. in heart felt prayer,
On the wild rock, and knsw that God was there
-t GEORGE LuMr.
The Ashland union. [volume] (Ashland, Ashland County, Ohio) 1854-1868, 1855-03-28

i LEGAL INTEREST IN THE UNITED
-SrATEs.-In twenty-ono of the Statesd
the legal rate of interest is six per cent; /;
in four States it is seven per cent; in
Texas and Alabama it is eight per cent;
in Louisiana it is five per cent; and in
Mississippi it is ten per cont. Califor-
MIA has no usuary laws. The Bankers
<7afla,eazilie says sslhera- are various
States that permit higher rate of in
terest on special contracts, viz In Yer
mont seven per cent, may be charged on
railroad bonds; in New Jersey seven
per cent. may be charged in Jersey City
and in the township of Hoboken in NJ
ryland the penalty is matter of son
doubt, in consequence of a late decision'
of Judge Taney, which does not, howev-
er. meet the assent of the bar of Balti-
mere in Arkansas ten per cent. may
be charged on special contracts In Illi-
nois the banks may charge seven per
cent, and ten per cent. may be charged
between individuals on special contracts;
in Iowa ten per cent. is allowed on spe-
cial contracts in Louisiana, eight per
cent. may be charged in Michigan
and Ohio. contracts in writing are legal
to charge ten per cent. in Texas twelve
per cent. may be charged on special con-
tracts, The penalties for violation OF
the usuary laws is differnt in most of the
States. In Michigan there is no penal
ty; in Massachusetts, and New Hamp-
shire the usurer forfeits three times
the whole interest in Maine the excess
of interest is not recoverable in Yer
mont and Rhode Island the excess may
be recovered back in Connecticut there
is forfeiture, of all the interest.-Baltt-
more american. sss -fa8s -
The Ashland union. [volume] (Ashland, Ashland County, Ohio) 1854-1868, 1855-03-28

At the Western Reserve College the
annual season of prayer for colleges was
the occasion of the first noticeable
increase of a religious interest, which
resulted in the apparent conversion of
numbers, and in the quickening of the
spiritual life of Chistian professors
During revival which occurred in the
Centre Academy of Manchester, Conn,
nearly all the female members of tho
school became hopeful converts Chris
tain Aduocate
The Ashland union. [volume] (Ashland, Ashland County, Ohio) 1854-1868, 1855-03-28
LoRD RAeLAN's EMo1umENrs-A cor

LORD RAeLAN's EMoLUMENTs-A cor
respondent of the London Times states
that Lord Raglan still receives the sala-
ry of Master General of the Ordinance;
also, that he has 1000 or 81 800 as
Colonel of the Blues, a pension for
wounds, and his appointments in the
East, amounting in all to not far short
of ETC, 900 per annum. He wassihade
Lieutenant Colonel at twenty three
years of age, and has for thirty or forty
years had an easy birth at somewhere
about $4,000 per annum, besides a reg
iment, Sc.
The Ashland union. [volume] (Ashland, Ashland County, Ohio) 1854-1868, 1855-03-28
r~Two new vegetables have be,

E Two new vegetables have been
lately introduced into the Jarcltn des
PEa,Sctes, at Paris, from the Ecuador, by
NJ. Bouvaer, formerly +Consal General
of FRANCE there; one IS the red and yel-
low Ocas, which is Of the fof;a OF long
potato, and has the taste of q Chestnut.
The other is the millsco, which has the
form and taste of our best potatoes.
These two roots, which grow in great
abundance in the neignborhood of Quito,
grow rapidly in the poorest land. The
ocas is cultivsted in Mexico, but only
succeeds in ives. districts
The Ashland union. [volume] (Ashland, Ashland County, Ohio) 1854-1868, 1855-03-28
REvIvALS IN COLLEGES &
Summaries OF LEARNING

From carefully arranged diary of
the principal religious events of the
past year, we compile the following in
teresting information relative to reyivals
|. of religion which have taken place in
colleges, academies, and seminaries of
learning during the year ies44=-
The year opened with religious re-
vival in the Female Seminary at Bur
fnngton, VI, eighteen of the pupils ex-
pressing hope. The good work was
accomplished without excitement, save
what resulted from the use of the ordi-
nary means of grace.
In the months of January and Feb
uary, work of grace was experienced
in Rochester, New York, in which the
University in that city was greatly
blessed. DR.. Dean, missionary to
China Visited the University and ap-
pealed with great earnestness to the
students, in behalf of the claims of the
pagan world,
In FEBRUARY, an interesting series of
religious meetings was held in Alton,
Ill, and large number of the students
of the College made public profession
of faith in Christ.
In FEBRUARY, g a season of refresh
ing" was experienced in Illinois College,
respecting, which, the President wrote !;
" The revival seems quite as general
and quite as hopeful of great results,
as the revival which visited the College
last winter. The number of converts is
considerable; prayer meetings are held
every morning, which are seasons of the
right hand Of God Z
In March, almost the whole of the pu-
pills of the academy at Waveland, Ind.
were hopefully converted during pow
erful revival which commenced in the
academy, and extended among all class
es of the citizens.
In the oglethorpe University, Geo.,
revival commenced on the evening of
the College Fast which, in the words of
the President, was in its operations
like the gentle dew upon the grass" !"
Numbers were hopefully converted,
most of the cases being the children of
Pious parents.
During the months of FEBRUARY an
March, special outpouring of Gods
spirit occurred at Pennsylvania College.
An interest was first manifested on the
9th of FEBRUARY, after an extended series
of stated prayer meetings, held by the
religious portion of the students with
special reference to work of grace in
in the Institution.
The interest rapidly extended, until
finally not student remained unmoved
and nearly all attended meetings of
inquiry which were held daily. Public
services were held with deepening inter-
est. and increasing fruits for nearly
two weeks, during which time about
twenty expressed christian hope, sew
eral of them being members of the high
er classes in college.
An interesting state of religious feel
ing resulted from tho suplications put
forth on tho day of prayer for colleges
in Lane Seminary, and also in Marietta
College and the Female Seminary at
College Hill.
Eearly in the spring, Hampden Sid
ney College of Virginia, was visited
with rich outpouring of Divine grace,
and twenty of the students at the Uni
versity at Charlottesville, were in the
Judgment of Charity converted. ~
The Ashland union. [volume] (Ashland, Ashland County, Ohio) 1854-1868, 1855-03-28
E@ OF all real aodd fellows,n sail

E& Of all real todd fellows" sail
ors decidedly take the lead. A letter
from the Crimea saysi
We have lots of sailors helping US
in the works. A few days ago one of
them returning from the trenches felt
fatigued, and was resting at the foot of
the hill some way from tho encampment,
two Russian soldiers passed him up
got Jack, and though they were both
armed, captured them, jumping upon
the back of one of them, and leading
the other by the ear. An officer who
met st,,is queer caYalcade asked what he
was about ?"
60" said Jack, " I'm riding this
one, and when he gets tired I'll mount
the other" In this style he rode into
the camp.
The Ashland union. [volume] (Ashland, Ashland County, Ohio) 1854-1868, 1855-03-28
FUSION RErRENcHuENr AND RECON

Fusion RErRENcHmENr AND REFORM.
The Detroit Free Press publishes a
table proving, by figures, that the Fusion
Wing Legislature of Michigan have in
creased the public burden of the state,
by creating new offices and raising sala-
ries, to the amount of $265, 1901 This
is Fusion = retrenchment and reform I"
in Michigan.
The Ashland union. [volume] (Ashland, Ashland County, Ohio) 1854-1868, 1855-03-28
E%The editor of the Alexandria

EEThe editor of the Alexandria
Gazette, speaking oe the "dinneralities, y
as he called the many good things which
constituted the celebration-dinner at
Alexandria on the 22d February, said
he was almost ashamed to sit down to
such dinner when our forefathers at
Valley Forge had to eat the soles OF
their boots to keep soul and body to.
gether.
The Ashland union. [volume] (Ashland, Ashland County, Ohio) 1854-1868, 1855-03-28
A CURIOUS M1sTAKE.

A young Partisan travelling to Am
sterdam was attracted by remarkable
beautiful house near the canal. He
addressed Dutchman in French, who
stood near in the vessel, with:
Pray, sir, may I ask to whom that
house belongs ~ ...--.sfs
The Hol1ander answered him in his
own language:
TX kan net verstan,' Il do not un-
derstand you);
The Partisan not doubling he was un-
derstood, took the Dutchman's answer
for the PROJECTORS name.
40 !'' said he, /" it belongs to Mr.
Kaniferstand Well, I am sure he must
be very agreeably situated The house
is most is most charming, and the gar
den appears delicious I don't know
that I ever saw a better. A friend of
mine has one like it near the river
Choise, but 1 certainly give this the
preference r' He added many other OBJ
servations of the same kind, to which
the Dutchman made no reply.
When he arrived at Amsterdam he
saw most beautiful woman walking on
the quay arm in arm with gentlemen.
He asked person who passed him who
that charming lady was, but the man,
not understanding French, replied
TX ken net verstaD."
"What, sir p' exclaimed our traveller,
is that Kaniferstan's wife, whose
house is near the canal Indeed his
lot is enviable, to possess such noble
house and SO lovely companion !''
The next day when he was walking
he saw some trumpeter's playing at a
gentlemen's door who had got tho lar
gest prize in the Dutch Lottery. Our
Partisan, wishing to be informed of the
agentleman's name, it was still answered:
{" TX kan net verstan."
cor said he, +" this is too great an
accession of coed fortune. Mr.. Kanif-
erstan, proprietor of such a fno house,
husband to such beautiful woman and
to get the largest prize in the lottery
It must be allowed -thera- -a-o-sar.s-fars
tunate men in the world
About week after this our traveller
saw very superb funeral He asked
who it was.
TX kan net verstan," replied the
DNf1snpf whom he inquired.
h gracious r. exclaimed he;
poof Mr. Keniferstan, who had such
noble house, such an angelic wife, and
the largest prize in the lottey. He
must have quilted this world with
great deal of regret. But thought
his happiness was too complete to be of
long DURATION
He then went home rejecting on the
instability of human affairs