New-York daily tribune. [volume] (New-York [N.Y.]) 1842-1866, 1855-12-13

mechanic. Of a1imal motion laid do IN the founda-
lions Of phy ii, logy considered TO be wholly mod
ern ,ciepce. Hosts Of other names may be qooted.
When new rational philosophy introduced the
bumsn mind TO a fresh coDpreben'ijn OF tra'b'
10 glowing contrast to the scholastic d"gnatisn
which preceded it, the italian mind ~es the trst IN
the Dew career, ard Csndanus, Campanella, Va
rini expired IN tie pyIe for being its berads In
The eigh eehth century AID st the beginning of the
pineteenih, Vico, Beccsria, Telargkieri, Gsnone,
Murstori, Gallant, founders Of political economy,
orsieli and Volta were all OF them counted am ing
most eminent Ii. hts Of the epoch.
Italy became Frustrated, and lapsed. But men,
tai lbe md nationality were never extinct in her.
She is now politically crushed but With the ex-
ception of Lombardy and Venice, forming ons-
sixth Of her pc, uston and subject to foreign
Austrian power, her oppressors are oil native
rulers as il the case with all other States of Eu
rope Italy, Oh the whole, never lost her litical
or external Independence. Sardinia, Tuscany,
Parma, Moders, Rome and Naples are distinct
States, accounted for in the political relations Of
Europe TO the same extent and partial signihca-
cation az are all the second rate powers. Mazzni
Graves and invobes msncipatiOn-internsl political
emancipation the whole Of Italy and the re-
moysl Of foreign yoke from Lombsrdy. The Italian
claims cannot be put on the same level as those
of the Polish and Hungarian patriots. fit were
only for TIE past Of Italy, the world should unite
to break her chains, in feeling of gratitude, if
gratitude can inspire the action Of nations. But
even in the present epoch, Italy, however fee'ly,
.i7es continual manifestation OF national and intel
lectual activity. Oppression has covered her with
a dark and heavy vail. She does not create as
full, as che could, if allowed to breathe free,
pure air. Exhaustion prevails, but not extinction
or death The signs of life aud produc Avty abe eI
hibi.s, under odds more fearful and destructive tn
with any Other nation, prove her siill existing
vitality Italy still marks place in scientific
sut literary Europe. Even Lombsrdy un Ter
The Austrian extip yuisher had and has Mont,
Mabzopi. Rossini, Tomaseo Csnta. Ask who
are the ornaments of tie positive sciences,
thysiolcgy and anstomy, and you will receive for
a. swer some Italian name. LAZY has poeS, PM!
osopbers and historians The elite with pride may
poipt to Colletta, Borehi, Tosti, Zanelli Troya,
Leopard, Guerazzi and msny others. 1t is fact
TO waken envy, that even no as in the sixteenth
century it il the NeapOtsn soil that in this respect
is the mort productive. Italy, taken together,
ranks for above Spain, Portugal, or the Scandina-
Wan countries Her manufactures and Industry
are still active aud preserve in many respects their
special character, and in some degree even GER
tain emibence Her commercial flag floats on the
ocean, and her diplomatic representatives have
place at the Courts Of all other European powers.
Thus Italy possesses all the external and internal
il sigma of nationality.
Whatever may be our ardent wishes for the res
tt ration of the nationality of Poland and Hungary,
their cs.e is wholly different. Unfortunately in
looking into history nothing that pleads for Italy
can be brought to bear for Hungary and with few
secondary exceptions for Poland. The one for
more than three centuries has ceased to belong to
Il @ bond Of European States. The other, Poland,
participated in it slightly at times, until the period
of her Destruction at the close of the eighteenth
century. Both of them warlike and cbivalrous, ex-
tended their dominion by martial triumphs over
their neighbors. Hungary from the time Of the 80
lection of the H,pshurgs for her sovereigns in the
BEGINNING of the sixteenth century, fought the bat
ties OF that nasty, Or joining the Turks, tried to
&c: rid of them, and Poland never participated in
any Of those grtat treaties by which the affairs Of
Europe were regulated. The history of the pro.
gress Of Christian European development equally
mute with respect to both those natl ,nalities.
Thus, for example, neither Guizot, nor any of the
philosophers of history notice them; neither does
the erudite Ballam introduce them on his inquis-
torial field. And to day their only common mark
Of nationality with Italy is in their common suf
feriDg
Italy has still within her bosom all the seeds Of
vitality, which continue to bud even in darkeess:
and for their full termination Is needed only the
bright, invigoratipg sun Of liberty.