Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1855-01-18
EVENING STAR.
I0CAL INTELLIGENC

Wood consists of 6rmer and tougher mate
tbsn cellular tissue, and is woven vertic-
aiIs irto It, giving it greater strength.
~. elements of wood are, proper woody
- and ducts, both of which are modi6:a.
lions Of cells.
a .sIIs with very thick walls, but smaller
a. s;.metsr than ordinary cells. The strength
nt;ab this gives to the shoot is owing to the
'.4,En,ss aud density Of the cell-wall and the
.,i;,;ne by overlapping the pointed ends of
80 esIls. These are combined into bundles
-s;.h run lengthwise through the stem, some
';n,s, ssparately imbeded in the softer tissue,
"a AZ others accumulated 50 as TO make COM
q, LAYERS. These are hollow, and convey
tbs ,ap with more rspidity than the shorter
cells
The duets are larger and LONGER calls closed
n, ibsir ends When the stem is young they
, convey sap; but at other times carry air, and
az general thing seem constructed Tor that
purpose.
structsd on two generalplans, the EndogsnOmS,
vbich grows inside, thus placing the oldest and
b.rdsst wood near the circumference, as In
tbs palmetto; and ESogenous, which is
formed BY adding new laying between the
So, LAYER and the bark so that the structure
81 the tree is a series Of concentric layers,
arresring in rings in the cross sections in
:, number as many as the tree has lived years,
Wild pith in the centre and bark outside
Tie Use of the pith il, that being gorged
With sap, it may afford rourishment to ths
buds; and when they have expanded the pitt
usually becomes dry.
Bssid. the woody tissues already noticed in
forming the wood, which grows vertically, the
silver grain or MsdetfHlGr rays, growing hori-
.optaIIy. This is wool, and the wood the
warp and the wood might be said to be
WoTen
The bark, at first, is cellular and green, but
soon divides into three parts. One portion
remains green, has the structure of the green
pulp, sud as long IS it lasts, performs the part
Of digestion together with the leaves. Soon
an exterior portion loses its green color, and
.orms the corky layer seen in the birch and
cork trees But the inner portion continues
to grow by additions TO its inEsr face yearly.
The annual layers Of wood is most distinct
in trees OF the temperate zones, where there is
ap. aged season Of rerose from the winters
cold, followed by vigorous growth in the
spring.
TIE old wood is usually covered by q Iaver
Of neF, and each layer remains safe within:
tho Older it is, the more deeply it is covered
and protected. While the bark being renewed
only from within, the old bark is exposed to
the weather; with this exposure, and the
stretching and splitting incident upon tho in.
treasiDg circumference of the tree, it is fuaIIy
thrown OF, and the young bark left to the same
Eicissiudes.
The wood Of the trunk undergoes certain
changes frsm ago-the sap in being conveyed
through the ducts and tissues, deposits min j..
sral, as well as vegetable secretion, which
IN time almost obiiterates these channels 1t
Is this gradual filing up that changes the sap
weed TO the heart wood. Then, necessarily,
me heart wood ceases to convey sap, and bears
no more part in the vital operations of the
tree than the outer bark of dead trunk, In
fact, life has long left both. While the old
bark Is dead, and being gradually thrown off
the trunk, the old wood is dead, and ia buried
in the centre Of the tree
They are equally useless to the tree. eZce,t
nechanlcaliy-the heart wood on]v servas n
strengthen the trunk while the thick bark
serves to protect the living tender parts under
meath. But that neither IS necessary. ia seen
IN shielding the bark. and the decay of the
aeaft, Without injuring the vitality Of the tree
SANITARY lNPHoVENENTs.-In this progr es-
ave age, when all the appliances of art and
science are daily devoted to the most gigantic
atainments towards the more perfect admin.
htrstion Of our physical necessities. and bu.
man Intellect is racked for inventions in ths
1avancement OF our sanitary condition, We
1al with pleasure the advent of any attempt,
however apparently trivial which aids the
!audable objects Of Board of Health
ooon aI'er ofpostage stamina
ant the consequent disagreeable operation of
licking them previous 10 use, the attention of
me medical authorities was directed to their
Eernicious effects on the system. Il was found
nst constant application to the tongue and
continual removal of the necessary saliva for
ne process OF digestion, coupled with the IN
peasant taste Of the adhesive compound, had,
% many instances, produced the most serious
results, Vsnety OF suggestions have from time
10 time been offered, and many CONTINGENCIES
proposed 70 obviats the necessity of EMPLOYING
lac organ OF taste, ard after various exneri.
mems, small, simple and inexpensive ma.
thlne has been invented which appears to en-
afsi3 meet the difficulty. 1t is not only useful
IS mere noistener of postage s! amps, but to
;he cashier IN counting bank bills, is inyaIua
Die; whilst 70. wetting sheets in coryinp.
book, damping self-sealing envelopes, and q
variety OF Cher purposes, will, We think, be
found an Indispensable article to desk.
Msssrs. Taylor & Maury have bees appointed
agents fcr the inventor (who has already an
pied lot patent and We earnestly recon-.
SotSt pditIcS td0u Clelr name
must pc legion) to call at their bookstore and
and examine the machine.
lHE FRANKLIN BALL, last night. was a
asiigaial entertainment indeed. Tho large
naii was comfortably filed, enough bei11
present. 70 allow all go inclined, to participate
the dance without being uncomforsabIy
al%oed- The managers were indefatigable
thtir efforts to render the evening agree
aoie 10 their guests. The muse was delight
.ai, and all were happy. There attended
lost Oh the young ladies Of the city whose
Essence serves 10 rendor such entertainment.
- washington SO provefbialiy agreeable, and
.-eir smiles, radiant with blytiesome jay,
shuehtiy made their partners forget tho cares
,ad Tolls OF life in the transports of the hour
TIoDs 'he large number of gentlemen not
-enoSfs OF the franklin Fire Company, vino
reie 'fe1e, we noticed Messrs Robt Loomey,
The enlted States Engine of PHILADELPHIA;
WARD Essex, CT inc Philadelphia U. S. Hose:
M:*h Goldsmith, Of tho New a.arket Of Balti
a.0, a., 1Aas. Rudd, &C tie Sun Fire Company
co. nLssfSSldiia; L. PAIL Webb, of the W ssca.
10 Of Philadelphia; Joseph L. Pereeoy, of
Hs,t tnIIspendent ef Baltimore; w. S. Jones,
q me SlsilaI. Of Georgetown; E G. Evans
Job. Nor,hern Liberties Of Washington; n
pInhsoh, oi the Hydraulion o, Alexandria. 7
D"Ser Of the Columbia Of Washington.