davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Daily American organ. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1856, 1855-07-16

The FEALrY TO THE CoNrlrUrIos or THE UNITED
SrATEs--We have before us the letter to which
we alluded several days since, addressed by Hon,
r. A. Chapman, Of Springfield, to his Excellency
Governor Gardner declining disappointment which
that functionary had rendered him, to be commits
soner under the so-called personal liberty act,
passed at the recent session Of the Massachusetts,
Legislature. MIR. Chapman says: a
The act is apparently designed to aid persons
who may BIZ claimed as fugitive slaves but while
it has efficiency to rescue such persons from the
authorities Of the United States, and its most i'm
portant provisions can be of no service to them, 1t
cmnot fail to destroy much of the benign moral
influence that Massachusetts, might otherwise exert
IN the cause of human freedom. trust your Elk
csllency's strong and patriotic protest against it
will not remain long unheeded; and that Massa-
ciusetts will do herself the justice to remove this
stain from her statute book. .
Entertaining the views above expressed, re-
s2ecttully decline to accept the office which has
thus been offered me.
am, with great respect your Excellency's ODE
dent servant, N X. A. CHAPMAN
To his Excelency HENRY j. GARDNER, 5
Governor of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts,
Daily American organ. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1856, 1855-07-16
LAW AND CLAIM AGENCY.

s Law AND CLAIM AGENCY.
vUyHE undersigned will continue 70 practice in the
prosecution of all classes OF claims against the gov
eminent. He will also attend to the unfinished agen.
cy business Of Vespasan Ellis, Esq.
=. 80 .l..T FERDINAND M0ULTON,
Washington City.
business connected with claims upon the govern
ment. ,,
nov 18-ly oil Y. ELLLo.
Daily American organ. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1856, 1855-07-16
The Lcesburc Washingtonian saws

Tho oat crop Of this county has not been
heavier for number Of years, than il Is this sea-
son. For the quantity sown, there viii be an un-
usually large amount raised. Corn and potatoes
bid fair TO yield an abundant crop. There is a re-
markably heavy growth Of all kinds Of vegetation
except the grasses killed by last years drought,
and the severe wintero ##4
Daily American organ. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1856, 1855-07-16

Bedin, last month, presented to the Pope Mrs.
L. II. Pendleton, of Washington, and Mrs. M. L.
Barr, the daughter Of the lhmented Senator Linn,
OF Missouri Cardinal Antonelli first received the
laies as expected guests and with great cordially
devoted his attention to them, in the most varied
and pleasing manner. He showed them, amongst
other things, the most superb specimens of marble
Brought from every part of Europe, and the iarest
collection OF precious stones, including black
diamond crystal case Of antiques Of various
Kinds was examined, and greatly admired by the
ladies', who expressed their pleasure at this distn-
Guished evidence Of the Cardinals attention. A
signal from the chamberlain announced his Holt
ness as ready to admit the party. The Pope stood
n ,ar table, at the end of the long room, robed in
dress Of white, with crimson slippers, on which
sparllled the golden cross. NJ. Bedini introduced
the ladies to the Holy Father as Americans He
give his hand to them, while warm, benevolent
smile played over his expressive face, as he vel
coined them TO Rome. On taking leave, his Holt
ness said he gave them his especial blessing and
again proifered his hand.
Daily American organ. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1856, 1855-07-16
HUNTS LINIMENT.
For the speedy cure Of RnEuMArlsM, DrsrAsl
on TUE SPINE, WEAKNESS IN THE BACK on
SIDE, Paralysis or III LIMBS, SPRAIss,
Wax ANKLEs BRuIsEs do, DC.

HUNrs LNnEST has made nany extraor-
binary cures, some Of which =. almost incred
ibla
.stm CUREs.
Clark Evans, Of Sins sing, N. Y, was cured
Of disease Of the spiue, after being perfect
cripple for eight years. ss
0. F. Hall, Of Rockville, CT, had child
cured of diseased spine; also a cripple.
D. d. Reed, Of Bristol. r. l., was cured Of q
pinal disease Of long standing.
E M. Blunt, Of Sing Sing, N. Y WAS cured
Of rheumatism Of twenty years standing,
Henry Evartson, of Oak Hill, N. Y, was
cured OF rheumatism and salt rheum.
Elizabeth Milligan. Of Huntingdon Co, N. j.
had the use Of her limbs restored after being
paralyzed .ng6 .s4H gga
Physicians Of high standing use Hunts Lin
iment in obstinate cases Of rheumatism and
spinAi diseases 11 a4 "a ~
Daily American organ. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1856, 1855-07-16
B Chamberiin's Commercial College,

NO. lZl DuftfUtOTc ~. JputttUtofe, ~o".
yUyHlS Institution presents superior fla
il cilities to young men desirous OF obtaining
practical business education.
The course Of study embraces double entry, book
keeping as practically applied TO Che management Of
mercantile, bank, manufacturing. and stesrnboat
books business penmanship and mercantile compu-
tations familiar lectures on commercial law upon
the subject bills Of exchange promissoy notes con-
tracts, partnerships, DC.
The exercises are all strictly practical, being de
Quoted from actual business transactions, and 80
completely combine practice with theory, that stu
dents on the completion Of the course are in every
respect competent TO conduct, on scientific princi-
pies, any set Of double-entry books The students
have access OF Commercial Library, procured eI-
pressly for their accommodation.
Examinations are held nj stated periods, and d.
plonas are awarded 70 those found competent 70
represent the Instimtion in mercantile capacity
Usual length Of time 10 complete the whole course
from eight 10 ten weeks. ~.
For particulars write and receive circular by mail
mar 27-eood1y
Daily American organ. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1856, 1855-07-16

i'll lumbia Place." Seventh street, Washington,
D. C.-Ciaims for Bounty Land, applications for
Pension by the widows and minor heirs Of. sol
diers killed Cor who died) in the United States
and other Indian wars, the war Of 1919 and the late
war with Mexico j applications for Pension By the
widows and heirs Of ell Revolutionary soldiers;
Money Claims against the various Departments Of
the Government and before Congress- and claims
for extra pay for Army and Navy in California and
Oresou from l84S TO 1852, prosecuted by
III III nm F.E HkSSLER, General Agent
Midland Warrants and Land Scrip bought and
sola u = 777| s4I8 T9Qj }saHt nov l8--f
Daily American organ. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1856, 1855-07-16

rHAS. C. TUCKER, Washington, u. e,
ar Of eeds far ali tbe States Revolutionary, naval in
valid, and halfpay pensions obtained also bounty land
for services in All the wars in which the United States
have been engaged and for hs services Of volunteers
in the Texas Revolution Of lses. Having copies o.
prepared TO give prompt attention to the claims Of all
who served, and Of the hdrsuof those who died OF
were Filled while in the service. ~. .His,
Office and residence, No. 6ls Maryland avenue.
Daily American organ. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1856, 1855-07-16

a GENCY IN WASHINGTON CITY
"A WILLIAM Ii. HULL, Qor several years an
prosecutiou Of claims against the Government such
as Bounty Lands, Pensions, Back and Extra Pay,
DC. 49, b5arg L.,tl1l $780,. s.
Refer 10 Hon. L. p. Waldo, Commissioner Of Pen.
sions, Hon. John Wilson, Commissioner General
Rureans uenerallv. m 49,, ~ nov 13-1y
Daily American organ. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1856, 1855-07-16
RHEUMATISM.

This severe and painful disease has long
baffied the slill Of thousands Of OR most eel
ebrated physicians Time and money have
been wasted in futile ondeavors to obtain
some embrocation that would perform cure I;
but all have failed except HuSTs LNnrrSr,
and that has been successful in almost every
instance in which Il has been employed. 4
Rheumatism arises from different causes,
but most generally proceeds from colds, erpo-
sure to the weather, aud sleeping in damp
rooms. Those who are subject to this com
plant should avoid remaining IN damp places
too long Reader, if you have the rheuna
tism, no matter how slight procure n bottle
of that remedy, 80 celebrated under the name
II Hesfs IMMINENT, without delay, and apply
Il thoroughly to the parts affected, and pain
win vanish. rrH7 ..tl. en-.
Daily American organ. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1856, 1855-07-16
slilsqsA CARD To THE PUBLIC.
uLAYIMG retired from the Lumber BUSH

III Mesa would inform my friends and the citi-
rens Of Washington that | have resumed the Car
penter's BUSINESS at the old stand Of Davis Tar
Yef In returning my thanks 10 my friends for their
liberal patronage and assistance, would beg con-
tinuance Of the same
can be found at my shop at any time, in jackson
alley where am prepared TO contract build and DO
Job work on the most reasonable terms, and At the
Having been engaged in this business for many
years, feel assured that can giyesstsfseton TO all
who give me their patronage. IL o.. "a
nov 13-1y GEO. w. GARRETT.
Daily American organ. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1856, 1855-07-16
FAKE NOTICE.

vuvHE undersigned IS prepared to furnish
II TO order Looking-glasses, Portrait and Pho
ture Frames Of any sze or pattern also, marbletop
pier Tables, with brackets; Room Moulding. Look
inc-rlasses inserted in old frames VA
Also. all kinds Of old work regih with despatch,
and On reasonable terms
a,at 255, Penn avenuesn near Twelfth street
an p Opposite Kirkwood House.
Daily American organ. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1856, 1855-07-16
AYERS CHERRY PICTORIAL,

!.
Coughs, Colds, HoGrseness, bronchitis, Whoop-
ing Cough, Group, asthma, and Consump-
ti0n.
This remedy has won for itself such notoriety for
its cures of every variety of Pulmonary disease that
il is entirely unnecessary TO recount the evidences OF
its virtues in any community where it has been en-
ployed So wide is the field Of its usefulness and 80
numerous the cases of its cures that almost every
section of the country abounds in persons publicly
known, who have been restored from alarming and
even desperate diseases Of the lungs by its USE hen
once tried its superiority every other medicine
Of its kind is too apparent to escape observation, and
where its virtues are known the public no lsnger hes
itate what andoe to employ for the distressing and
dangerous affections Of the pulmonary organs which
are Incident to our climate And not only iD formd-
able attacks upon the lungs but for the ider varie
ties Of Colds Coughs Hoarseness &C., and for child
rem ii is the peasantest and safest medicine that can
be obtained.
As 1t has long been in constant throughout this
sectisn we need not do than assure the people
its quality is kept up to the best that il ever has BEEN
and that the genuine article is sold by
z. d. GILMAN,
aG eaaa c Washington.
ON LINTHICUM,
Georgetown,
And by all Druggists everywhere
Daily American organ. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1856, 1855-07-16

Strains and long continued pains, cold, and
external injuries, are the chief causes Of this
nalady. - The muscles are relaxed, and In
many cases. making II difficult to move. BY
free use Of Hours LrSNKST, a certain cure
will be Effected
Hunts Liniment ia sold by the Druggists
generally, throughout the United States
Price, % cents per bottle. Esrs
CHARLES ST0TT 4 CO.,
Corner Of Seventh St and Pa avenue, Agents
ian l0--2aw6m m for Washington.
Daily American organ. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1856, 1855-07-16

THE PEOPLES SA, ETY. FUND.
a MOS HUNT, County Constable, Collector ana
rance COMPANY Of Georgetown, ID. c.. Southern Pro-
lection (of Alexandria Va.) Fire Insurance Ccmpa-
nies and the American Mutual Life Insurance Com
pany of New Haven, Connecticut; Professor SILT
tsS- Insurance and other business promptly and
safely done on hbsrat terms.
NIB Orders through the CITY post office or LETT
with Justices Morsell, Goddard Bates, or Dom will
be carefully executed and due return made
For character inquire OF A. Rothwell, lewis John
sor Or either the sbove-naned Justices.
Office aud residence No. 81 A street North, Capitol
Hill fsf nov l8-1y
Daily American organ. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1856, 1855-07-16
! MIsCELLANEOUs.

n w M MISCELLANEOUS.
S,INCLE GFNTLEMENO OR FAMILIES
- can be accommodated with Board, on reason
able terms, At No 3sT Pennsylvania avenue, between
Sixth and Seventh streets, t,i.i . $500,
may 2S-3m Mrs. J. o. SlSS0N.
Daily American organ. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1856, 1855-07-16

.& IN ON as sure and perfecuy Sale ln
IT, pared 70 meet that demand, and
extensive trial OF its virtues
has concusively shown with what success it accom-
plisheS the purpose designed. II is easy 70 make
physical Pill but not 30 easy 10 make the best OF oil
Pillsone which should have none Of the objections,
but all the advantages Of every other. This has been
attempted here and with what success we would re-
specully submit TO the public decision. II has been
unfortunate for the patient hitherto that almost every
the bowels This is not Many Of them produce 30
much gripping pain and reyusion in the system as to
more than c0unterbaance the good 70 be derived from
them These Pills produce no irritation or pain, rn-
less il arises from previously EXISTING obstruction
or derangement in the bowels. Beng purely vege-
table, noharm can arise from their use IN any guam
tty but II is better that any medicine should be
taken judicousy Minute directions for their use In
the several diseases to which they are applicable are
given. on the box. Among the complaints WHEN
Liver Complaint IN its various forms 81 Jaunalce,
Indigestion Languor and Loss Of Appetite, Iistless-
ness Irritability, Bilious Headache, Bilious Fever
Fever and Ague, pain in the Side and Lcns, Tor IN
truth all these are but the consequence OF diseased
sSori Of the liver AS an aperient they afford prompt
and sure relief in Costveness, Piles Collie Dysentery
Humors, Scrofula and Ssurvy, Colds, with soreness
Of the body, Ulcers and impdrity Of the bleod. In
short, any and every case where pufGStve is re-
quired. m tF4 w .ltev.4
They have also produced some singularly success
full cures in Rheumatism, Gout Dropsy, Gravel, Fry
sipelas Palpitation Of the Heart Pains in the Back
Stomach and Side. They should be freely taken IN
the spring Of the to purify the blood and prepare
the system for the change Of seasons An occasional
dose stimulates the stomach into healthy action, and
restores the appetite and vigor. They purify the
blood and by their stimulant action on the circula
tory SYSTEM renovate the strength OF the body and
restore the wasted or diseased energies Of the whole
organism. Hence occasional dose is advantageous
even though no serious arrangement exists; but I'M
necessary dosing should be carried TOO far as
every purgative medicine reduces the strength when
taken TO excess. The Thousand cases in which q
physic is required cannot be enumerated here, but
they suggest themselves to the reason Of every body
and it is confidently believed this pill will answer
better purpose than thing which has hitherto been
available to mankind. When their virtues are once
known the public viii no lsnger doubt whgt temody
to employ when in need Of cathartic medicine.
Being sugar-wrapped they are pleasant 70 take and
being purely vegetable no harm can arise from their
use In any quantity.
For minute directions, see the wrapper on the Box
Prepared BIZ Dr. JAMES @. AVER, Practical and
Analytical Chemist, Lowell, Mass.
Price rs cents per box. Five boxes for u 90.
Daily American organ. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1856, 1855-07-16

FOR RENT. -
a NEW THREE-STORY AND ATTIC
"A Brick House, situated on Sixth street east SIDE
near the corner Of M, No; 2s2 For particulars M
Dry Goods and Shoe Store,
nov os-eodts No ss5, Seventh street.
Daily American organ. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1856, 1855-07-16
DISEASE OF THE sPINR.

The vsrtebra Of the human system is liable,
from colds. strains, and external injuries, 10
be drawn out OF shape, some times contracting
so as to bend the body completely double,
and then again will take a curve, distorting
the body, making hideous form.
Daily American organ. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1856, 1855-07-16
lMEDICAL ADvERTIsEmENTs.
HOWARD ASSOCIATION,
-. !. P Z u !. .r.y,

NuvO all persons asiiicted with sexual dis
u ease such - Seminal Weakness, Impotence
Goporrh~s, elect Syphilis, 40, &C
Tbs Howard Association Of Philadelphia, N view
of the awful destruction Of human life and health,
caused by Sexual diseases and the dcceptons which
practsed upon The unfortunate victims Of such s
eases by quacks have directed their consulting Sur
geon as charitable act worthy Of their name 70 give
medical advice gratis, TO all persons thus afflicted.
(male or female who apply by letter, (post-paid,l
witf, description Of their condition, (age, occupa-
ton. habits Of life, &c,) and in cases Of extreme
poverty and suffering 70 furnish medicines free Of
charge. 100.
ton, established by special endowment for the relief
of the sick and distressed, afflicted with 'Viruient
and Epidemic Diseases and its funds can be used for
no other purpose. II has now a surplus Of means,
which the Directors have voted to advertise the above
notice. 1t is needless TO add that the Association
commands the highest Medical skill Of the age
Address, (postpaid,) DR.. Geo. r. Calhoun Con
sulting Surgeon, Howard Association, Philadslpha.
Pennsylvania
by order Of the Directors,
EZRA d. HEARTwELL, President
GEo. FAIxcHrLp, Secretary.
mar 30--de0Awly AgsY sffetg6f
Daily American organ. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1856, 1855-07-16
A STITCH I'm THE BACK

is caused by a sudden wrencbing Of the spine,
and produces violent and acute pains, making
il very difficult for the person to move. II
should not be neglected as the Curvature Of
the spine is often brought on by neglect Of
this common complaint
Daily American organ. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1856, 1855-07-16
PROsPERTs CoRNET BAND.

RROsPERps CORNET BAND.
Lender, J. NJ. PRosrrRi--- q pduotor, T. PRosrrRI-
T.. wrBBxR, Cotiiiion Conductor.
HAVING associated In our Band some
IL of the most scientific and best skilled musicians
in this city. we are pared 10 attend Military Pa
rades Balls, or Privat Parties, with any number OF
pieces. Residence, opposite the Marine sarracss'
nov 2e--1y E4Nkilb NWt
Daily American organ. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1856, 1855-07-16
LARRABEE,S PILE OINTMENT.
NOR Piles, Fresh Cuts, Old Sores, Seal +,

NOR Piles, Fresh Cuts, Old bOres, Scat ~
1t Ulcers, Sore Breasts, letters, or any other
EYuptions Of the Skin. 4iag 'gs
& Directions for use.--Apply tho ointment twice
every "a honrs, previously cleansing the Affected part
with CASTLE Soap and water. No water should be
used on letters. When intended to draw, spread il
tolerably thick To heal, it should be spread thin.
Fer Scald or Bruise add about equal parts OF good
JAMES A. CONNER,
Agent for the District Of Columbia.
Residence on 9th, between and = streets, No
AaI tHt mar 19--2aw6m
Daily American organ. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1856, 1855-07-16

TWyU <A,-AzASAAtss'1
continues 10 undertake the agency Of cltins be-
fore Congress and other branches q tho government
rior,s public Offices he win attend TO presumption
and other land claims the procuring Of patents ior
Of erants and claims TO lands; claims for property
lost in taken for the service q the un Ss u
possession of he United States; invalid, revelu-
onary navy widSw and saR Rsb,r psn r seS
mutation. hafpay, or bounty lands, as well those
against the State Of Virginia as against the United
States all claims growing out Of contracts with the
government for damages sustained in consequence
Of the action or conduct Of the government and in
deed any business before Congress- or the public ON
ces which may require the aid Of agent or attorney
His charges win be moderate, and depending upon
the amount Of the claim and the extent OF the service
Mr.. r. A. DICKENS ia known to most Of those who
have been in Congress within the last few years or
who have occupied any public attention at Washing
ton
His ONCE Is on fifteenth street, opposite 70 the
Treasury Department. and next to the Bank Of the
Metropolis.
All letters must be post paid nov ID
Daily American organ. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1856, 1855-07-16

And by all Druggists everywhere.
dec lS--eoem
Daily American organ. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1856, 1855-07-16
DECENTRALIZATION,

J 4sl .sma PROCLAMATION. d n \
IMPORTANT NOTICE.--The best mate
il rial and the best work only allowed in the SHIRTS
made and sold by WIN. II. FAULKNER, tho only
practical Shirt Maker In the city Of Washington Try
them, and save money, in addition 10 trouble, time
and temper. Gentlemen measured, and q coed FL
guaranteed In all cases. h fts HF "
Orders attended 10 with despatch. Please note the
address, $500 SIGN OF THE SHIRT,
Pennsylvania avenue, between
Third and Pourand-a Halt sts., south side.
dec B-lyd t1 1lIn 1 ID
COFFIN wAREROOM, &c.
ID . kers-rcsidence 41s Seventh street, between @
and Streets Interments procured in any ground
or cemetery. Collins, Caps, Shrouds, Carriages,
Hesrse and every article for interments Of the best
quality furnished NJ short notice. the most reason
sble terms and at all hours Of the night Having
the exclusive right Of Crump's Patent Corpse Pre-
server GUARANTEES 70 keep The dead for any length
Of time. fInaA5it nov 2s-dly
HOUSES AND LOTS FOR SALE.
II ~ BUILDING lots, and 10 houses,
ANNV brick and frame for sale on easy terms
Also, two stores 10 let on tho cerner of 7th and
strests, Island. Apply 70 ,nr No
Carpenter and Builder,
Corner Of Virginia svenue and I'd street.
MRS. Low,
Manufacturer of Ladies' Dress Trimmings,
Fringes, Gimps, Cords and Tassels,
Fancy Buttons, Regalias, Military Trimmings, Ban.
aa4llag T1s ners, Flags, &C., fH
Pe,,asyipa',ia dvenm south side, between eth and
l0h streets No. 1911
~ TO- lyeou .al,s..i.A
Daily American organ. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1856, 1855-07-16

TTNCURRENT MONEY AND LAND
u Warrants bought and sold Drafts on all the
principal cities sold TO suit purchasers
Highest rates paid for Trans Allegheny Bank, Bank
of Kanawhs, Va and Selden, Withers, Co. notes
Claims against the government collected.
u HAMILTON g. FAINT,
No. 49, Penn. avenue, Washington, d. Q.
Daily American organ. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1856, 1855-07-16

DRIGGs, HALL n CO., Engineers and
D General Mach nists, corner Of Virginia avenue
and Ninth street west Washington. District Of 90
iunbiaS H4N NOV Is--Iv
M G.. EMERY'S Granite Marble and
Ivls Brown Stone Yard, corner OF and Second
streets. Office on Second street, between and G
streets. Residence AIS street, setween Sixth and
Seventh. vi t NH nov ~
Daily American organ. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1856, 1855-07-16
GENERAL INFORMATION.

Almanac for the 0ityef Washington-
THIS DAT J Est
Sun RISES ..... 4 4s Length Of day.....A "a
Sun sets. ........7 IL
New moon 18th, 1O.49 A. M. NJ changes %, 2.38 Am.
Daily American organ. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1856, 1855-07-16

9E85 IN co,aerion Nth The Orange and
tsAE1n Alexandria Reairoad
This corfimodous steamer will leave her alp, foot
Of Seventh street daily at o'clock A. NJ arriving in
Alexandria 10 season for the trains Of the Orange and
Alexandria aud Manassas Gap railroads for Gordons-
Vile charlottesville, and Stanton on the Manassas
road for Winchester and Strasburg tr .t
Breakfast on board the boat e
This boat "a tho only regular line between wash-
80 JOHN VAN RISwICK, z.
RICHARD WALLACE,
-, ProPrietOrs.
ap 80--G ga. RYTHER, Captain.
Daily American organ. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1856, 1855-07-16
MEDICAL ADvERTIsEMErTs.
AYERS PILLS.
For all the purposes OF a
Family Fkysic.

There has long e1isted a pub
ic demand for an effective Pur-
rutiye Pill which could be relied
"a as sure and perfectly safe In
Is operation. This has been pre-
,.,ad n pnaat that demand. and