New-York daily tribune. [volume] (New-York [N.Y.]) 1842-1866, 1855-11-21

beef in Necklenburg, hundred miles from here,
and in our butchers shops is such that the great
hotels can buy their supply there pay the customs,
the city tai and the exp, nse OF sending the meat
BY post and save moiey BY the operation How
tbis can be v N be explained further on, whea
! speak Of the effects Of the zunpft OF guild lawn.
! directly north il is bat little over c hundref
miles to the Baltic, but the grazers of POmerania
I IRE BY no me dependent upon the capital for
market the ports Of Stettn, SwiDemunde, Stral-
suna, Greifswalde being formidable rivals
! From Berlin, northeast running along thr Bal
tic, ii ia about ise hundred and Twenty-Five miles
! 10 the Russian frontier. No large supplies can
come from that direction for two reasons hat
the country is not highly productive and the cities
and seapcrtstM emel K6nigsberg Dantzic and 80
On-allOw little to pass. South -eoatery the Ere
road following the routes now Optn, would strike
the Oder ssi follow il up throu the entire length
OF the rich province OF Siesa, and across the
boundary of Prussia to point some distance be-
yond Cracow, upward OF hundred miles beyond
the boundary Of the Austrian States
Dire city east it is but little more than 200 miles
to the boundary OF Russian Poland.
This survey Of the map shows that the cattle
market of Berlin, beyond the limits of quite
small circle, is dependent principally upon the
provinces lying upon the Baltic, and the
Nile district of Siesla Tor Its supply OF do
nestle cattle and that no other let andhinderance
existed than mere distance, al abundant supply
would come from Mecklenburg and HOls teln on the
one hand and from the Steppes of Poland on the
other In the cattle country, and within distance
Of $50 10 300 miles, cattle ere plenty and cheap,
roaming, as they DO, in large herds upon the
Steppes as they are (or were upon our great
prairits of the West To Poland the eyes of the
government are at this moment directed as
source of food, especially for the army, and Hnck
eldey president Of police is doing all that he
can under the present laws to introduce in greater
Lun bers the half Wild cattle of the stepPes.
There is one bar however, to his success in
that direction, which directly affects the importa-
tons from no other quarter, AID which IN is fact,
though indirectly, perhaps the result Of the cruel
and tyraI meal policy OF the Russian government
in giving the low er classes Of the Poles no oppOr-
tunity Of intellectual and consequent physical i'm
prOvement
II NAV seem an old idea TO measure the civiliza-
ton of people by the condition of its cattle, and
vet look at Russia, Prussia, France, England, and
the Free and Slave States of our country. and
queer as the idea may at first seem, the condition
Of the cattle is good index TO the measure Of
| lightenment among the people. Compare Massa-
chusetts with Virginia, or New York with NOrsh
! Carolina, the States with schools and ne wspspers
aud colleges free to oil classes, with the States in
which few would be mobiles pOssess all the edu-
cation there IT, while the poor are as Ignorant and
uneducsted as they are poor. similar difference
exits between people on the Prusslan and those
on the Russian side of the boundary aud In no
point sre the evil consequences of the Russian
policy in keeping the Poles shut out from the i'm
proving influences Of education and a free press
more discernibe than in the condition OF the graz
ing population On this side of the line improved
breeds of cattle have been introduced with better
methods OF keeping a1d caring for them tn cir
diseases are studied and prevented, and the old
"cattle pests which formerly ravaged the coun
try at short intervals, have quite disappeared from
the farmers calculations. On the other side Of
the line in ali this the reverse is true and the IRE
quency Of disease among the cattle there, the
variety aud destructiveness OF the distempers
which rage among them have forced the Prussian
| government to impose a quarantine OF three weeks
upon all the Russian cattle bound across the line
This regulation is almost fatal to the importation
of meat from that quarter. Whether Hinckeldey
will succeed in overcoming the obstacle, there Is
yet no knowing but that the necessities OF Prus-
sia as it goes on Increasing in population and con-
seauently in a demand for new sources Of food.
which the despotiem of Nicholas has raised, is
clear and with trade and frequent cOmmunlca-
| ton between Poland and Prussia, though at irst
only in The selling Of cattle, will grow up an inter
/ change of ideas and an infusion of new life into
the miserable lower Glasses of Russian Poland.
A second cause Of tie high price and scarcity Of
cattle in the market here is the duty levied upon
!
sorts pays duty of 81 so per 100 lbs. living
animals pay an OK, 80 IS; COW, 81 25; q
heifer or bullock 81 so; a calf, 12l cents, fat
swine, IS cents; poor one, so cents; sheep so
cents The effect Of this tax, especially upon the
cattle of Mecklsnburg and Holstein, in driving
them TO the Hamburg market and to England,
needs no explanation.
/ A third cause is the city % fesh tax" as it is
called To avoid mistake have just been down
to the tol!.cffice at the Brandenburg gate, where
obtained the following tariff Of duties
Ms. f' tal:w ae Of y, s s~ns is's .' e1,,
oi.a' disia.( .a:b.... g s.sh -"
esr. Gss. s ::si l:.S, &c
A Holstein OK then, before it can be sold in this
market must pay duties to the amount Of
! $40 IS, other animals in proportion and except
| in rare instances the grazier from that quarter
! beyond the boundary is quite excluded from the
trade. The fact, too that the toll lie levied upon
/ animals without distinction as to their quality,
makes the matter still worse for where grszier
has one or two excellent fat oxen which could
bear the mposts, and yet leave him profit sufi
cent to call him hither, away from the Hamburg
market, yet his animals of poorer class not being
able to pay 81 apiece would lead him to carry
all in a drove in the other direction. To guard
sgainst fraud no peasant is allowed to pass the
city gates with team Of oxen or cows without
depositng in the Office sum of money equal to
the tax on cattle, which on his return is handed
back.
With the great Increase Of the manufacturing
and mining industry Of Prussia has arisen cor
responding anxiety on the part Of the Government
to increase the extent of the Zollgerein and this
not merely to gain larger market for her produc.
tons, but to get . wider territory IS source OF
supplies.
One more cause of the dearness of meat here