The Evansville daily journal. [volume] (Evansville, Ia. [i.e. Ind.]) 1848-1862, 1855-10-24
EVANSVILLE, IND, WEDNESDAY MORNING, OCTOBER a.
5oiFasg n - ADDRESS ITa
or Prof. J. J. Mapss at the Indians state Fair
81 fs5fl89TE 5I5 - 1855. SD sIfr9l411

Fo.fss2 81 - AID DRESS sYlts
tof Prof. J. J. Mapes at the Indiana State Fai,
d .ts9f4a9TE 9h5 1856. 81 s7eina.-715
1ps SO aw hf(csScLUDED.) saaiq sEafa
SEvENTH.-Less manure is required to ferti-
lize soils so prepared. ~ i 'Qiassifes sgu89
This must be evident first, because the soil
itselfis undergoing more rapid chemical chang
les, and over a greater amount of surface fur
nishing larger amounts of inorganic materials
required by plants. 1t also, from its deep dis
Iintegration, becomes the storehouse of larger
quantities of carbonic acid, and ammonia re-
leeiyed from the atmosphere, as well as from the
decomposition of larger amount of roots
And when other fertilizers are added, they be-
come distributed over greater amount Of sur
face, and therefore larger portion is retained
than when in shallow-p -plowed lands, their case
GUS products after decomposition, are lost in
the atmosphere. .f>.s{ ,.-.f.,.,s4 sse.f
EIGHTH-Thoroughly prepared soils nev-
| er suffer from drouth.
| During drouth, when the surface soils arc
dry, the atmosphere necessarily contains the
missing portions of water; and whenever it
comes in contact with surface colder than it
self, it deposits the water Thus we find
drops condensed on the outside of cold pitch
Ier; and thus we find tufts of grass growing
lluxuriantly where fence posts have been re-
moved and the holes filled up with loose earth
Ieven in the driest weather-for the large
amount of atmosphere that is passing through
Iunder-drained and subsoiled land, must come
i'm contact with surfaces colder than itself and
there deposit the water. When so deposited,
it is always highly charged with those gases
which are mixed with the atmosphere, and
which are retained by the soil.
l. NINTH AND TENTH-A less amount of seed
will produce maximum crops. Subsoiled 1nea-
ldows never run out. 81 sssasifH
| Thin sowing is now common in England
on under-drained and deeply disintegrated soils
Thusa single bushel of wheat when sown in
such soils, will throw out TILLER-RooTs, so as
| to throw up plants covering the vacant Spaces
and few quTats of seed take the place of a
bushel. But. in shalloW-plowed land this
tillering will not take place to the same extent
| for as soonas one reaches the cold solid sub
soil, the rillering of the whole plant ceases,
and it is for this reason that sub-soil meadows
never run out; for if the crown of grass-root be
abradod by the feet Of cattle, it Immediately
renews itself by tillering, which would not be
the casein shallow plowed meadows.
ELEyENTH-A large class of weeds are de-
stroyed by a thorough deepening of the soil, in
Guiding al, those which frequently occur in
sour and wet SOILS
AS soils amend them selves by natural pro-
gress consequent upon the uninterrupted APP
pication of Natures laws, as I'M deeply disinte-
grated soils amend themselves by natural pro-
gress consequent upon the uninterrupted ap
plication of Natures laws, as in deeply dlslnte
grated soils, they acidity, and thus refuse TO
sustain these weeds which are of acid charac-
ter, while the absence of excess of moisture
does not furnish the conditions which many
valueess plants require for their termination. |
In addition to which, it may be said that soil
properly prepared are so much more easily |
titled during the progress of crops, that the
greater industry removesall weeds of what |
ever character they may be. 'a
eTwELFTH-Un drained and sub-soiledl (
lands do not compact after plowing, from rains |
to the extent that is noticeable with ordinary |
plowing only. F gs..~ tl7 s9 81 &.
If two barrels be filled with sand, the one
lightly thrown IN and the other rammed after
every shoyelfull, and the loose barrel then be
flooded with water and filled up with sand to
offset for the settling it will be found to con-
tain larger amount ofsand of the two; for
when every particle ofthe sand is suffused with
water, so that the entire surface is fabricated
they wilfsettle to the closest fit, and become
more solid than any mechanical force, without
water, could make them. In under-drained /
soils, the excess of water being removed and
new portions received, even during violent rains /
can only compact the immediate surface, for the
spaces between particles being all empty, I
water can pass down without any portion ofthe +
soil becming suffused. In addition to this, all I
the surfaces being humid the water can travel
over them with greater rapidity than if dry.
In passing water through dry SOD the particle /
has 70 become wetted before it will pass the
next portion of water; and thus under-drainedl /
and sub-soiled lands do not compact, except at
their immediate surface, and there to much
lessextent than shallow-plowed lands over
which the rains pass 7sfas'a ~
THIRFEESTH-The increased amount of
crops consequent upon such preparation will |
enable the farmer to pay ten per cent. per an
mum, or more, Upon the cost of the under-drains
from the increased ratio of crops beyond the
expenses of their production. aT
This is question which has been practical
ly settled by every farmer who has tried the |
experiment; and in England, where the Gov
ernnent will advance to any farmer the neces-
sary amount to undsr-drain his land, taking a |
mortgage for the amount. practice has proved |
that the increased crop consequent on under
draining, has, in every case, enabled the farmer
to pay up the interest, and five per cent. more
of the principal each year, leaving his farm
increased in value at the end of the term,
more than equal to the amount of the mortgage
while the nation at large is enriched, not only |
to the amount of the mortgage, and interest
paid, but by an increased interest for all times
Private companies, with large capitals, are now
established in England, for leaning money on
under-drain mortgages; and even the owners
of hereditary estates are permitted to mortgage.