davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Placer herald., 1855-12-22

EXPERIMENT wnHA BURNING DIAMOND
An interesting experiment was lately per-
formed by Professor Farraday. a diamond
held bya little platium clamp and gnited to
whiteness in the oxy-hydrogen flame, was
plunged, while incandescent, into a jar of
oxygen. 1t was speedily dissipated into gas,
which was proved to be carbonic acid.
The Placer herald., 1855-12-22
WE WILL OFFER BARGAINS
We are able to

To parties wishing to purchase, such as will be
SURE TO SUIT.
The Placer herald., 1855-12-22
SACRAMENTO, May Is. 1855.

IHdy
DEAR SIR-Such is the thaDkfuness feel for
the preservation of my health Of both body and
mind, and believe of my life, that l hope will
not he considered intrusive in rendering nv
thankful acknowlede ements for restoring me to
health, and making my life a boon worth preserv.
ing. when it had become a burthen too great for
me to bear. Victim as was to vice that had un.
dermined my constitution, and developed train
of nervous symptoms, such nervous debility
sclldistrust dizziness, love of solitude, loss of
memory and want Of resolution, besides a loss Of
strength and energy, which had made my waking
moments wretched and my sleep unrefreshing,
and was fast bringing me to the grave; but, thanks
to your skill am restored to health, vigor and
energy. Hoping to guide others where they may
get relief, you have my permission to make this
public. Yours, respectfully,
LEONARD WAITE.
The Placer herald., 1855-12-22

NEWSPAPERS IN THE WoRLD.-The follow
ing is supposed to be the number Of news
papers in the world: 10 in Austria; Il in
Africa; "a in Spain; % in Portugal 80 in
Asia; 65 in Belgium; IS in Denmark; so in
Russia and Poland; $50 in other German;c
States; 500 in Great Britain and Ireland;
and 1000 in the United States, or nearly
twice as many as in all other nations. With
a less population we have four times as many
newspapers as Great Britain, ''the most en-
lightened nation on the globe
The Placer herald., 1855-12-22

Cough, the great temperance lecturer,
now hard at work in New York, during the
two years he was in England, he made about
1000 addresses, Travelled 9,837 miles, wrote
$500 letters, and slept in 800 different beds
The Placer herald., 1855-12-22
The Greatest Discovery CT the Age.

Nc UEtdttSl UlSc0|eTI CT lIic age,
GREAT BLESSING TO MANKIND.-INNO.
u CENT. BUT POTENT!-Dr l.. j. Czapkay's
Prohilactcum, (sclEdsinfccting agent,) a sure
preventive against gonorrhna and syphitic dis
eases, and an unsurpassed remedy for all vencrial,
scrotulIOus, gangrenous and cancerous ulcers. lC-
I'd discharges from vagina, uterus and urcthm,
and all cutancous eruptions and diseases. As
nnocuIaton is a preventive against small poN,
50 is DR.. l.. j. Czapkay's Prophilacticum pre-.
ventive against sphilitical and gonorrhWal dis
eases; harmless in itself it possesses the power
OF chemically destroying the syphiltic virus and
thereby saving thousands from being infected "
the most loathsome Of all diseases. Let no young
man who appreciates health be without Dr. Gap,
kay's Prophilacticum. 1t is in very convenient
packages, and will be found convenient to use,
being used soap.
1t has been administered hy the Doctor in many
thQusand cases, and has yet to find the first in
which 1t has failed to subserve the purpose for
which it was administered. Price $5. Full dr.
rections are attached to each package. In cases
whore the Phrophlacticum is<used as curative
DR.. l.. j. Czapk0y will furnish gratis prescrip
ton for his Blood Purifier.
All communications from The country addressed
only to Dr.. L. J. Czapkay, San Francisco, will be
strictly and conhdentally attended to, and the
Remedies, with the greatest care and secrecy i'm
mediately dispatched, by Express, or other con-
yeyance. to their deetination Dr. l.. j. Czapkays
Prophilactcum is sold Nos 3 and Armory Hall
Building. corner Of Montgomery and Sacra mentO
streets. San Francisco. Oct 6my
The Placer herald., 1855-12-22
w, F, k0RcRlSs,

NAO respectfully inform the public that
w he has every available facility for manuiac
turing, and is prepared to manufacture
JEWELRY AND SILVER-WARE
of every description by competent workmen and
at very reasonable rates. l8y- Diamond. Pearl,
ane Quartz Jewelry made to order and Engraving
neatly executed.
- Particular attention given to repairing
LIZ Chronometers Duplex Repeating Horri
zontal, Patent Lever and all other kind of watches
All work warrented for one year.
l1dg~ Watch glasses fifty cents each.
1ay~Jewelry and Musical Instruments carefully
repaired
Quicksilyered dust made into fine Jewery
or run into bars. Old Gold and Silver bought or
exchanged.
Za3-Call at the store of
W. F. NORCROSS
Watch Maker and Jeweller,
Sign of the Mammoth Watch, Main street, Auburn.
October 20, '55 my
BLANKS.
Justices Blanks, Deeds, &c, neatly printed at
the Herald office.
y \ \ X +, r II NJ TOW A HIT T
The Placer herald., 1855-12-22
To DIR. L. j. CzAPKAY, San Francisco.
a,r~ SPERMATORRHGA or Local "

Ga@~ SPERMATORRHGA or Local Weakness
Nervous Debility. Low Spirits. Lassitude
Weakness Of the Limbs and Back, Indisposition
and Incapability for Labor and Study, Dullness
of Apprehension, Loss Of Memory, Aversion to
Society, Love Of Solitude Timidity. Self Distmst,
Dizziness. Headache, Involuntary Discharges.
Pains in the Side. Affections Of the Eyes Pimpes
on the Face Sexual and other nfrmites in man,
are cured without fail by the justly celebrated
Physician and Surgeon, l.. j. CZAPKAY. His
method Of curing diseases is new, unknown to
others,) and hence his great success. All consul.
tatiOns, by letter or otherwise. free.
Address L. j. CZAPKAY, N. D. San Francisco,
California
The Placer herald., 1855-12-22

There is now in Georgia between fifty and
sixty cotton factories, conducted in the most
sklful and successful manner, with all the
appliances in the way Of machinery that can
be found in the same kind Of establishments
in New ENGLAND.
The Placer herald., 1855-12-22
Musical Sewing Machine.

There is now on exhibition in the Crystal
Palace, New York new article of fuaniture,
in which sewing machines are combined with
melodeon. The apparatus has the appear
ance, externally, of a small paror side board
or escritoir. You lift the front and find a
handsome set of piano keys. Close it, and
turn back hood on the top, and you have
complete sewing machine, conveniently
arranged; concealed below, within side doors,
are two pedals, one for the music, the other
for the sewing machine. When the lady be-
comes tired of playing at sewing, she may
change her foot to the other pedal, open the
melodeon part, and discourse sweet music
The price of these contritances is 5000
They form very ornamental articles of furni-
ture. 1t is New Orleans invention, and is
now for the first time on exhibition.
Excess OF PAssENGERs.-A citizen of this
county who returned on the Golden Aqe, in
forms us that the utmost ANNOYANCE was
caused during the passage in consequence of
the crowded state of the steamer. The list
is given as triie over 1000, but he assures
us that over 1900 persons were on board.
The steamer George Lar, on the other side,
is allowed by law to carry $40 passengers.
The count was made and was found to
amount to 1858. Action has already been
taken by the Collector Of the Port concern
ing this not only illegal but inhuman prac-
tice, and it is to be hoped that it will he fol-
lowed up. Neraaa Democrat.
/ = ]
The Placer herald., 1855-12-22
MISCELLANEOUS.
p a p f X w A X + HOUS f. !.
D. S, LORD & co,

No. 1872 Sansome Street, San Francisco,
Importers of Blank Books, Stationery and
Papers OF Every Description,
The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1855-09-06
THE TIRENIEN.

At A SPECIAL MEETING or COLUMBIAN ENGINE
IA Company No. X, held ut The engine house, Tuesday
evening sepembeT g. 1853 the following preamble ead
Whereas has pleased the Almighty Ruler 81 the ualyerse
IN the wise dispcnsaon OF his divine providence
from our midst e worthy associate and brother feman
lsDds from expression OF feelings ieresore be
Resolyed Thai wli We bow ia humble submission % the
decree Of all wise Providence our hearts yeled ia
al the loss Of endcared to us by many ties OF friend
from carly bOyho fo number Of years past Lavg served
member Of M company, hc discharged Che dnIo- dero
ing upon him viii hccrness and efficiency away, enicav
oring By his noble example nculcatc he minds
hs comrades Their luGes IN upholdng aud mainianlns the
honor and integrity of he Fire Depar We scarcely
realize the mour, event Of his decease when conen
plate the brcl pc oi which has elapsed since he communicated
with Us in many joyous oscaso but alas, he has ispai
a summoned b. he Chief above who preles
sN 10 answer the I roll call OF human des,iny.
Resolved That n private life lac ever bore ensthlc
reputation pDhoYable and upright citizen, endc1ring
himself who lad 10 pleasure OF BIZ acqnsln ncc aud IN
ss society ni- lot Of s brightest ornaments
Resolved Thai deoyly sympathze with the relatives and
friends OF deceased con1rade 10 his surviving sister who
cbaracteris tenderness, watched by h bedside and at
ninlsered his during his inoss we tender
our sincere condGcnc and the dark hours OF her
and ahictions, VIXEN thoughts laden with heartfelt anguish
yarrp portals The of her beloved brother
commend have faith and consolicn Ia the sweet
religion OF Him vo ioe I'll things for good and who alone
can comfort her IN her sal bereavement.
Daily News and sunday Mercury and tha, copy The
bc presented TO the taulsy Of the deceased.
CHis. A. GRAy, Sco'y JAS. FORSYTH, Foremnn.
Yy,HE MEMBERS, HONOR AIRY MEMBERS ANDrRrENDs
Columbian Engine Company H. hereby notified "a
ree. at the engine house. 1rsday Sept ., A. oock y
NJ 70 attend the fsra Of our late brother ncniber Wn r.
.NcGraw The mbers oI The Board Of REPRESENTATIVES o..
atlend. By order OF the company.
CHAs A. GRAY, sec'y. JAS. FORSYTH. Foreman.
The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1855-09-06

ts0 9ei nans NAMED Jo~rb ilGsnburyh and nAasor-s
Itdrs, rcro yc.isnfy docied In the act u breakinx
Into ihe auction ~ isaae H. Jones 10 o. Ape
street Thty h4a fress ~, radloci forn one aor .nA
ri-Ae1 L4s be- ~ auGtltF lssgre they w.fe de,s~.15
Tie place haa ton several Zines brckSD fsa sna M
-. fn urssr 10 ft.fs The AeRYessOfs hsf rrersiiv
p1rfh toH gttT Tie fh.ids lsor which you'd ra9
~hsn iha DIOR uycnod. Ibis was The o-ss y.sfsr
day aal 90 0i Nr. Jcucs ~ho the look oui Is
the rAsea., d'teo;sd thsm ~ ~ the t~l rhsS
srIo Bkeu before Justice Wsish And i-kssi a. In ss
n w nl IL 90 III Oh.
The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1855-09-06
uIs-Tst5aA>TS.

,sUEiIFs'S NtsW nfkFNrHAST y THIS DAY OpgV
- q ugdcr e. NayNg gtfl sonihwc-s CORNER q rosf
sf.ae VsFv he's 70nl@ "a ~ I'm efl ba arvr i,v b
flee6urg flru4f qr1raag ~ nd n - soc ayoy
p0 wihoef hAnA
The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1855-09-06

MIR. Mary Aiolai siding with her husband at 2ai
Wet lhitiy-iLsd street yesterday arrested ehasi
Ntth having stolen abou, $50 worth ~ eloLdas ana
iowelfy tcians'rg e Mr.. nrnaldson neigi,tor ri
hor, whose husband u s,eing gold In California Tse
shair y srroar- grew -, of iamiy ainicui,y Mrs
~. nald icing cg't ~ the attentions she sappas~,
mr. husband fbgvsJ io hrs pona dson. The prDn<rsv
Nhih ehc 'ooa ~ boeyes b~f b1sbsnd bought Tor Nv
". hni ther'ge eatn' thnt sho has right 70 a. bst
justice Pcarcy beafe wLm sho was taken I'D n,t -
.ncsie wth h' 70 f sic~ q 'he ese asa hold hss !.
The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1855-09-06

Wni Heniy, German, emplgsi ~ ilesyy xeiyfet,
aigr, x ~. - iLiss eifcs yssierlay srraes.s
cbarE'i ~iib sfesiing so~i@ valued al si0o faz,
- hop - IL spyer Tio zn.is rssr fsuns Ia "a.
ffsseeion, sra ht.a1 hsssi 70 W Jusilce wosf ln-
hiaa
sLLrrGip LtEcfNr - 0oLb vArcH.
ia-rcnss DitLafst, CsruAsn baker ia lho esris, .,
AhihasJ ts'sy+r y fbs corner "A yrst sreaas Asa
fWtnty 18th sitos' yey'erd.y sfresisi eharr~s
slfA trolling gols wassi ana osher afile-. 70 ,hs
Vai0s y 500 or1 ~ tos.s A G,sfst Nstyueflnes No
.c- Fest fpga,y sirth Ntfee' ~. ar~se va .4sa r.
~ hons AMI xfier tYalvnfssi9n showei vi1~s.
thf affc.er ks1 t<ea piarft ~ iakfa bfft ia
fir Txyitteu and committed "a asfa'i ~ ssDg tsu
The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1855-09-06
IIORsEMlANsIiIP.

I-ArKER Eou EsTRr AZ INSTITUTE
w 20 and 6l soah Fourth street, Brooklyn, Eistsrn
:, OPENING Nrssr SATURDAY, srfrrxrrns s. Isa5
a gscgess q a. g. Eaae;staa a. rto s.ae % repcSy
Ssg 3 sS 3 ssuaas p,' ss s1 % z ssps @sS
s'"ss 5oSSi4P sfq "a q SsafSSS4s
yr"osrrs rp
Iholnas Doyle. :. l. EullerGeld
b J. WarneI, Vim. q. Bhon, city cier.,
W. a I s;s.s zs'$ si. sss $.is's. s:$sr s's;s
D. D. smith. David Bruce, IA
< I Z bailey saSsF a.s. ,.,ie lsoMsss g%Isss.
) csiyea on psy~ea
AHA, clasase, chs.. % i. coraisa dsi
John SsiSES fis,s.
y. D. Howard, secretary, VIM. r. Le,cb cb.fta,n r.
ss". Msa5ss 81 S Cen 9 sSnIs ..a md sae r'
Refreshments blue col viii.
xnsic; ;.'..''...'.'...'..t.'.. pink
oRia:l
~ o as s9 paru. ss s y : ssrd, 2Ta " @ % % nj 'soq
w. under .h special charge of Mrs, walser and committee
rrm o II oc' r y for ladies and gentlemen w icr
'fs ssgs uy, q r,s .'s S ssiSa . H. oaebcrs al
' slass q ne fna4 icpe en, 9, our pahe seh9o, aa.
fse wser Eqg.ris, ISssiu's' o. aa q sgah soarh
I 9soGsy s ~ N . y & r. re ssss X ss s .s 3
rsg I'D 'ssS' ssa T g % es c & gr ~ 9s %
* ec,er lighted s ventilated tsn any osi5r sinilar is
se From one lunifi p one huaqs6d and fiy riders caD
~ sasy Of are' New rork ans pr, q Rsookyr
mi !lousion es hour ., ec ary or nish thereby
Ieai,laul crercias " iho tni.ei State
rsaniv four le4sors ......,.,. ,...... ~ ~
i1rNDt@s
The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1855-09-06

Gs II y .anytaa E. a. t.fe.Ahr ". Cosy~s a. ~
gn6 seigsAf8 Nsft A.aaka sth4M a - cs.afaay .
afttf a1tb "a fatt.sivs pfAYsF WsA nts ID Nv. ~
F4slt lie rseaflas fhsa 90 lufEssi
csH1gf s0s nile nftsgtgrt9 - Y4s uil4Dat retain.
iag u.y t.n~fft iAapAs - ~ esop@r, ~. fbA, Car
afu fafttf aa - oGsess a tbs E~~si ~ islF cVsg
ftsg hbi kiA4B-ss i1Mhfts ~ erery accas0a.
gae tstafs.sn atkHrgt a as ia a. tsiaeir-ai stset
-~tWt sayrW tftAe i1tusaftnF eahs h~sv~n NoNfaEat
e - sst t2fe BgssoEyat, a risssars TIP nass
afttff4i Ntat Yesf. vth ths sAv.8s4xs n IN srfx
gsnrs rhih fbe e-nysny have galnss ,i~y III sas'
"a ntsa - Aercrnpsb ths gre.s enf~vysiss N - N
fftg isse tsslsrsn4. n " ons Ia vhsh ns eniy ~
rm1 sistes. k1t ths Whole w0yS da~fiy stsres~f
fss - - ssseess der@ods ss ~ sns rrsaAsiisnte
TfNyft - waAeh u " oo--e~t tAe 700 hseslFesssse*
T-a.t uer s2esstdi se1vase As fsssss' cssfr |" -
IN
The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1855-09-06

1his wes deOnue a.aueh and required exploit
apsvcr, which WIS given promptly piece Il
chaii was procured, ana III. Erllhrput rpnosyi,ie
No, Written IN giganlc characters tar lilo ~
smoke stact This snirclcnt, snd u fcw minutes
thF Afgus if hut iens aftc sir disappcarca
bYVrd She horizon W. could her courD ~ ths
hlnch LLn or -ln-.a nh-el -hn lrfl lLLrus liln AY
The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1855-09-06
The SUBMARINE TELEGRAPH EXCURSION,
Arrival at Port an Basque, New
foundland.
--~-~-----~----~~---~~~---
LANDING or THE CABLE AT CAPE BAY cove,
----~-~~-~~-~~>--~-~-~
foaseisn between the cable ship and the
steamer.
~-e~-S-9~<~-~~~-~-~-~~s-~-
THE YIN0 OUT.
--~--~~~~------~---~-~s~~-~-
THE TWO VESSELS IN A GALE.
Cutting Of the Gable Within Twelve Mills Of
1t. Panfs.
VISIT TO SYDNE
LANDING or THE CABLE AT CAPE BAY COVE,
fOassssn between the cable Ship and the
Steamer.
THE PA VINO OUT.
THE TWO VESSELS IN A GALE.

VISIT TO NEY.
The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1855-09-06
TIE MILITARY.

lTEIERAN CCnps oF ia2-A npgr1AIs Nf.RTI NJ
q De corr mEte hell nt ~ Eafs &At Ifoei, G. rs
telAF ect, o. Aef evening spteuier 4 ~ O'Clock
Fyottar ~ RAYMOND Ca'.
The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1855-09-06
a. " rsuop ,or Asr ,s-rAsot


Our captain shook III. heal in reply. but the Ingishnian
not satisged With thls, ald taking short turn,
hack and agnin displayed III. btiok baar' With the
following words
The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1855-09-06

The steamer James Adser arrived at this port yeser
day, from the submarine telegraph excursion to New
foundland, after absence of month. Our reporter
has furnished with full account Of the affair but we
can only find at present for that portion relating
to the laying OF The cable by which II was proposed to
connect Cape Ray, in Newfoundland, with Cape Breton
We shall however publish hereafter the details Of the
trip The account given below commences with the
turn of the company Port Basque after their visit
u 81 ,lOhng.--
The American patriot. (Clinton, La.) 1854-1???, 1855-04-14

would pause to listen to his strain. But mark
the difference. As the year advances, as the
clover blossoms disappear, and the spring
fades into summer, he gradually gives up his
elegant tastes and habits; doffs his poetical
suit Of black, and assumes a russet dusty garb,
and sinks to the gross enjoymcnts Of common
vulgar BIRDS His notes no longer yibrate on
the ear; he is stufiing himself with the seeds
of the tall weeds on which he lately swung
and chanted SO aelodiously. He has become
a "bon vivant," "gourmand;" with him
now there is nothing like the "joys of the
table," In little while he grows tired of
plain, homely fare, and is off on gastronomi-
cal tour in quest of foreign luxures. Wenext
hear of him with myriads of his kind, BAN
quoting among the seeds of the Delaware, and
grown corpulont with good feeding. He has
changed his name in travelling. Boblincoln no
more--he is the Reed-6ird now, the much
sought for titbit Of Pennsylvania epicures; the
rival in unlucky fame of the ortolan! Wherever
he goes, pop! pop! pop! every rusty firclock
in the country is blazing away. He sees his
companions falling by thousands around him.
Does he take warning and reformg Alas,
not he! Incorrigible epicure! Again he
wings his fight The rice swamps of the
South invite him. He gorgcs himself among
them, almost bursting he can scarcely fly for
corpulency. He has once more changed his
name, and is now the famous Rice-6ird of the
Carolinas
Last stage of his career; behold him spitted
with dozens of his companions, and served up,
vaunted dish, on the table of some southern
astronomer
Such is the story of the Boblink; once spirit
ual, musical, admired, the joy of the meadows,
and the favorite bird of spring finally, gross
little sensualist, who expiates his sensuality in
the larder. His story contains moral worthy
the attention of all little birds and little boys;
warning them to keep to those refined and in
tellectual pursuits which raised him to so high
pitch of popularity, during the early part Of
his career; but to eschew all tendency Of that
gross and disspatcd indulgence, which brought
this mistaken bird to an untimely end.
The American patriot. (Clinton, La.) 1854-1???, 1855-04-14

II may, many years from now," replied he,
with a sudden and deepening sadness; "but
early learned to distrust the disinterested and
abiding affection of our modern young women.
If I marry, shall probably marry late in
life." -...7 ...rl. a..
"a fallacy, take my word for it, Mr.. Stuart
Our modern women, some of them, are as
fond and true as any of the danes Of old
The thing is to find the right one" And thus
saying, badc him good-morning. .7
On my return found my patient rather
lower than left her. l told her I had been to
the village of -. Suddenly and tumul-
tuously the warm blood rushed up to her bo-
som and her face, and she looked at me with
her soft, inquiring eyes. told her Of her
friends, and casually mentioned the name Of
the young clergyman, Robert Stuart To her
clear, blue-veined temples the same truant
blood sped with fearful force. i..f..
had seen enough. knew her disease, and
most probably its remedy. instantly wrote
a note to Mr.. Stuart, merely saying: "If you
would save life, lose not moment in hastsn
ing to Qhc name of the town. will
await you at my lodgings" Isigncd my name,
and dispatched it by private messenger.
Sooner than expected, the young clergy
man was at my hotel. had prepared Ida for
a conversation with a clergyman, specifying,
however, no one in particular. led him to
her chamber, saw her blush and start Of joy
and modesty. r --.r
What then and there transpircd, no one but
the great searcher of hearts and the two Of his
choicest handiwork thus brought together
dying girl and a minister of Hcaven-can an
swer left them alone as long as thought
her weak state might bear, and when opened
the door found him sitting beside her bed,
her slender hand fast locked in his, and his
soul-beaming eyes pouring life and love upon
her.
My eyes filed with tears as caught q sight
of her radiant face, so full of peace and sc.
rene bliss and life, but the tears shed were
the tears Of joy.
My patient, with almost one bound, regaincd
her health and strength, and the glorious rep
resentative Of Gods minister upon earth,
changing his mind upon the subject of ,natri-
mony in favor Of the fright one," is now one
Of the few truly happy men on earth happy
in life-marriage with one every way congen-
ial with him, and every way worthy of him.
The American patriot. (Clinton, La.) 1854-1???, 1855-04-14

AS you ascend to the citadel of Cairo, situa-
ted in the rear of the city, upon spur of the
mountains of -Mokattam, you are startled by
the appearance of cluster of edifices rising
from the midst of the desert, about two miles
distant from the spot where you stand-it is
"the city Of tombs" the tombs of the Name
lukes, and the citadel you are approaching is
the fatal spot where the last of them were
slaughtered by Mohamned Ali
But who were the Mamelukes, and what did
they do to deserve such fate? Let us get
answers to these questions and then we shall
be prepared to contemplate their tragical end.
In the lapse of about twenty centuries, with
tho eighth of the christian era, Egypt had been
ovcrrun and conquered by the Babylonians,
the Persians, the Greeks the Romans, and the
Saracens, successfully, and, in their turn, the
latter were compelled to change places with
their own slaves, the Mamclukes, who, in the
beginning Of the 18th century, became masters
of the country.
The most reliable account of their origin is
that they were introduced into the country the
century previous, by Saladin tho Great, from
Circassia, because, as foreigner and usur-
per, he was afraid to trust the natives of the
country about his person. And, for the same
reason, they themselves, in their oxaltation,
transported slaves from the same country, and
these, too, at the end Of hundred and twenty
years. took their turn and became masters Of
the country. While the throne became theirs,
however, the Mamelukes still continued sub
stantially to govern the country as bcys of dis
tricts, in which capacity they had things pretty
much their own way. And even after the
country had been ovcrrun and conquered by
the Turks in the 18th century, and had be-
come vcc-royalty Of the Ottoman Empire,
down to the time of the final catastrophe
which overwhelmed them in the citadel OF
Cairo, within the memory of many, embracing
period of more than six hundred years from
the time of their first accession to power, they
continued to exert uncontrolled dominion in
their respective districts, being accountable
to the viccroy only for certain amount o.
revenue.
There has been much pompous defamation
about the free and independent spirit of the
Mamelukes, and about liberty expiring with
them in Egypt" an idea, however, which coult
only have been bcgotten in a mind schooled t.
the doctrine of the necessity Of hierarchy o
some kind to trample down the people.
The truth is, as have become fully satisfied
it was under the blighting influence of Name
luke rule that Egypt sank to its lowest depth
of degradation, as I" the bascst Of kingdoms.
As beys they practised the most wanton op
pressions upon the unresisting nations Of tn
country, reducing them by their exactions to
state of wretchedness at which humanity re
volts, at the same time caring but little 70
their accountability to the Pacha. They wer
held responsible 10 that functionarv for tn