davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The daily dispatch. [volume] (Richmond [Va.]) 1850-1884, 1855-09-13

III ENRY, JEFFERSON, &o.-J. W.
IL RANDOLPH has for sale
WIRTs Life of Patrick Henry 81 IS
AMERICAN ORATORY; containing sps eches of
PATRICK Henry. Randolph and others. 81 So
.JEFFERSON'S MANUAL of Parliamentary Prac.
JEFFERsoNs MEMOIR and Correspond nce.
4 vols. S.
TRACY'S POLITICAL ECONOMY. 81.
JEPFERSON'S WRlfIE9S-Editsd BY Professor
Washington. vols, at S. so
LEES REMARKS on the W1itip 20 of Jefferson
si.25.
hOsSING'S MEMOIR of the Sigueu Of the De-.
ciaration of Independence. 81.
SANDERSONS MEM OR with Portraits) of th o
slgners OF the Declaration of Inde pendenc vols
Sc IS-lt
The daily dispatch. [volume] (Richmond [Va.]) 1850-1884, 1855-09-13

LARGE SHAFrIN An enormous
wrought iron shaftise drawn by eIavan fins mnls.
ntsnea 70 large Wagon, psssed up Main street Yes
The daily dispatch. [volume] (Richmond [Va.]) 1850-1884, 1855-09-13

A CARD--TO THE PUBLIo.-Hsyinp "a.
ceivs Information Through ftiend,) that tbs.
current report Ia the city to the effect that an
brother OF the mau Barnard Haudlin now on t,lsI ~
theft in this city, take this method to iuhrm Il.
pubic that do not sta nd la any rssted or soS
nscted with the man They are distin,ty Ss. sos
names; his is Handlin or Handlan mine i, '''1'
Sc I2-2tt L. p HANIou
The daily dispatch. [volume] (Richmond [Va.]) 1850-1884, 1855-09-13

DOVE HILL-To BE PoIn IT,
We invite attention to the mi. =, "a, n DAY.
THIS DAY: at IL o'clock NJ. upon ~, t1a neat fgu
It 10 one Of the most desirable plsss, p,ssTas
near the city, See advertisement ''s' OF 10 Ia,
elS-t TAYLOR L WlLLJkus
The daily dispatch. [volume] (Richmond [Va.]) 1850-1884, 1855-09-13

HuoKsrER1NG.-Many of our readers will
be gratidsd to learn that under the existing ordi-
nances, any person once convicted of purchasing
vegetables, fruits, poultry, butter eggs, etc aud
offering them for sale again at the markets will be
forever debarred the privilege of selling Ia the
market places. and the Clerks of the markets are
commanded to reject them at once. The ordinances
on this subject are imperative, and the Clerks
must enforce them, or violate the obligations of
their fiji .e.
The great difficulty 10 breaking up the system of
speculRtiDg on the necessities of the people by
hucksters 10, Ia proving that the articles offered for
sale, were purchased within the limits prescribed
under the ordinance, for, unless the Clerks have
spies" II Is generally impossible to tell whether
The articles offered on sale were bought within the
corporate limits or without. To correct this evil
svever, 1t is only necessary to offer inducements
20 the country people by relieving them of all taxes
TO attend the markets and sell the products of their
farms, while tax might be imposed on the buck .
sters that would In future prevent them from buy.
Ing within the prescribed bounds. And the same
rule should also apply to such grocery keepers az
speculate in the articles above alluded to- When
found In possession of poultry, etc which Is Offer
ed for sale, they should be compelled to prove that
the ar icles were not purchased within the ordi.
nance boundary, or have them confscated Huck-
sering 10 all It's phases Ia Injurious our citi-
z'ns, and SO particularly oppressive to the poorer
classes, that 1t should be punished severely when
ever discovered.
The daily dispatch. [volume] (Richmond [Va.]) 1850-1884, 1855-09-13

DAaU.RRsorYpEs.-slmoss' D.au.,.,
where. They seem to stand ont fro,n Ieie or Ella,
foil, bold manner Have you seen Tia an. pa's |,
II not call and see IT. you will DO we'll ia pss.s0,sl
The daily dispatch. [volume] (Richmond [Va.]) 1850-1884, 1855-09-13
REV SPECIAL NoTIcs=

soa, sr M ~. ss,.ss , OF THE ST.. 1s0,,
Of the sesissy at thsir nessie, s, Gtsad n,,s..
svtnsns. the 18th last. VI VI" tfhUasnsS
u.ss Sss ass s sss sss; ..a .s.e..
aasstsd 70 haad 10 thsir nsSss .a,.snnss,s ss :.
.ass tner ssit.oss may bs setsd as ass m,si,
nesting efssr they are prss.nt.s 's0A Ct u, ia,
- lS-lt< Airy g.
The daily dispatch. [volume] (Richmond [Va.]) 1850-1884, 1855-09-13
THE DAILY DISPATCH.
.anes01Y N0aNIHo. sEPreNBEK IS. 49,
=.onz,oIE Am P0RTEMOUTH.

NOREOIh AHN !, -.
We had no mail from either OF these cities
Yesterday, and We are LEFT to such lying
yerh.l reports - We could gather, and some
taleer.phic news from Baltimore. Our re-
ports are therefore very meagre. Enough
Is known, however. to show that the mortal
ity il almost As great IS ever though the
new cases are said to be fewer. The Kew.
THos. HUME, who was here on Tuesday nignt'
gave Il a. his opinion that the epidemic was
abating. He ID good authority. A. me 10 per.
fectiy familiar With the progress ana ra'Ase'
of the plague.
The daily dispatch. [volume] (Richmond [Va.]) 1850-1884, 1855-09-13

IxpR0vED.-Mr. Kirby, the man Who
was 90 badly burned By powder isst noadSv .,.ss
steadily mprovies under the shilfnl trsatsnt ~
The daily dispatch. [volume] (Richmond [Va.]) 1850-1884, 1855-09-13
RAILROAD ACCIDENTS.

The people Of this country are so COM
pletely familiarized with railroad accidents,
involving slaughter like that of battle
field that catastrophe of this kind has ceas
ed to be even nine days wonder. But it is
| injustice to the horrors of railroad massacre
| to iken it to the butchery of a battle field
In the latter, the victims are only strong
| men, whose lives have been passed in prepa-
ration for such scenes, and actual participa-
ton in them; who are animated by the hope
| of glory and promotion, and inspired by the
! sounds of martial music and the companion
| ship of kindred spirits; who go out expressly
| to confront death, and who hold in their own
hands the means of assaulting and resisting
their enemies. In the railroad murders, the
victims are not confined to any sex or any
age; they are composed of gentle women and
tender children; of the aged, the weak and
the helpless, as well as of men in the prime
and strength of life They go forth in peace.
full and innocent pursuits of business and en-
joyment; full of hope, confidence and happi-
ness; reposing undoubting trust in the com
potency and fidelity of the officials, under
whose charge they are placed; and, in mo-
ment, in the twinkling of an eye, they are
hurried from time into eternity: crushed out
OF all semblance of humanity, or doomed to
hnger under agonizing wounds, compared
with which, the anguish of the pestilence is
tender mercy. Husbands are torn from wives.
wives from husbands; children in an instant
made orphans; and all this with such circum-
stances of horror, that the bare recital of
them makes the blood run cold Yet, in a
few days the impression produced by the
nornd slaughter, passes away the public
crowd the cars and become impatient of mo.
oerate speed; railroad officials forget the
lesson they have learned, omit the necessary
precautions for safety, run at a dangerous
rate, and even race against time and each
other. Then comes another grand smash of
men, women and children, and then another
thrill of horror, soon to be effaced and for
gotten. Is there no remedy for these massa
ores? Must we submit to them as to an in.
evitable fate? If 80, better that railroads
bad never been built; or that some mode of
travelling could be provided. by which men
could undertake journey without encoun.
terlng the risks of a battle field
The daily dispatch. [volume] (Richmond [Va.]) 1850-1884, 1855-09-13

AD FOR NORFOLK AND PoRTsMoUrH.-A
subscription is being raised in the county for
the sufferers in Norfolk and Portsmouth
Any person who is DESTROYS of contributing,
can no doubt readily find some of the per-
sons engaged in this benevolent enterprise;
and we are particularly requested to say that
Mr.. K. BAKER, one of the collectors. will lie
happy to receive the subscriptions of bis feI-
low citizens, at his store, on Union Hill
Henry Grad, Q wall known forWardios merchant
Of Plfts6ure, Pa, died TIERS Monday.
The daily dispatch. [volume] (Richmond [Va.]) 1850-1884, 1855-09-13
The BAIL at the Hupuenot

The BALL at the Huguenot, next Fri
day night, bids fair to be largely attended and. az
the proprietor has made extensive arrangement
to accommodate all who may be present, 1t l. hoped
and expected that Richmond will not 60 unrepre-
ssnted. Wrights omnibus will leave here tia,
afternoon, and arrive on the Spring grounds In
time for the fire works and ball. Those who wish
seats should secure them forthwith
The daily dispatch. [volume] (Richmond [Va.]) 1850-1884, 1855-09-13

wv way from my residence, In the county Of
Lpnenburg Va, on the 7th Of the present month
(5eptember J yellow Negro Boy. named GEORGE
calls himself George Wright. He Is about IL or Is
years OF age; has straight ba0k hair aud double set
of teeth in front. When hs LETT. he had a fresh
wound on one of his feet l am disposed to think
he is about Richmond, Fetersbura, or the Danville
OK Soutbside Railroads The officers OF said roads
will please attend to this
will give 500 for the delivery of the said boy to
ne in ths county of Lanenburg. or il Ls be confined
Ia any Jail 10 that get him again.
se ISIS JOHN A. STOKES
The daily dispatch. [volume] (Richmond [Va.]) 1850-1884, 1855-09-13
ACCIDENT ON THE WILMINGTON
ROAD

We learn that as the morning mail train
from Wilmington to Weldon was within six.
teen miles of the latter place, about O clock
yesterday morning, the locomotive ran upon
several cows, by which it and the entire train
was thrown off the track. The engine was
badly smashed and the engineer severely
wounded. No other person suffered any but
the slightest injuries. The track had not
been cleared when the second train came on
yesterday, and there was much difficulty in
getting by.
The daily dispatch. [volume] (Richmond [Va.]) 1850-1884, 1855-09-13

:. u It.1tI1 $ Nor,oE-Psrticul.r at.p,o.
Kitchen Furniture. fHIS MORNING ~ \, sSnSlt ni
at the residence Of Mr. J.nes Bolton. an y Sasset,
street, above let By order OF the Trus'ss aNias
Sc l3-lt THO. w. KEEsEE f.,
The daily dispatch. [volume] (Richmond [Va.]) 1850-1884, 1855-09-13
MARK THE IMPROVgMEyT-Ho0,o.

MARK THE IMPROVEMEsT-HoO,
the American Shaving Saloon, 10 buroi.b..N "
accommodating place for the reception 81 1. " hi
Winter visitors Painting, guildng caIn"t;1s si sad
he will soon have his place Handsomely rsnsv.s-
resort Of the old. tbs middle aged aad tba ~ as
for all who want so agreeable Sh,ye and Lar ~
cot in style unsurpassed By ary oEg vii IA. aat
ind Hobson or his polite Employer 90 the. y
becoming style, and take good Hot Coli o wv Wv 10
RAN, and you will come away better aud win, "
ne u "'sh
The daily dispatch. [volume] (Richmond [Va.]) 1850-1884, 1855-09-13
I HEREBY give public notice that make

I HEREBY give public notice that I make
i HENRY sCRUGGs my Agent for the manage
msnt Of Mercantile Business, In the way of trsdip
ira and 10 tbs county Of Cumberland, or slssw here
II hs may deem necesssry; the articles to be bought
In any market trsnsported and sold at his discretion
produce Of any kind personal estate Of any Llnd
10 any place that he may deem proper; or any other
the name of HENRY sCRUGG5, AaEaT.
se lS-tm* THOS n aCRrTa91
The daily dispatch. [volume] (Richmond [Va.]) 1850-1884, 1855-09-13

j. Brown. JR.. Stock Broker, has remoy.
ed his office to No. Isl, tZimmermans) corner Mi,
and l<tn streets. se 6-sou
The daily dispatch. [volume] (Richmond [Va.]) 1850-1884, 1855-09-13

DR.. GEO W. BRIGGs has removed h
his new residence, corner Of Broad and 9th ,.r.,
Church Hill, opposite Mr.. James WinstonL vb.r,
he cau be found at night or during the day Hs ri
continues his old Office at the corner OF 6Oyspg
and Main streets .f...
r. Otf,e hours from TO IL A. M, and frOuSs
Z. H. tFt4t ss SIN.
The daily dispatch. [volume] (Richmond [Va.]) 1850-1884, 1855-09-13
THE BANKS.

The officers of the Banks in Portsmouth
and Norfolk having nearly all either died or
been disabled by disease, there is hardly
any body left to attend to business. The
funds of the branch Bank of Virginia in
Portsmouth have been withdrawn, and de-.
posted with the mother Bank here We
learn that there being nobody to attend to
the affairs of the branch of the Farmer
Bank in Norfolk, the funds of that Bank
have been ordered away by the mother
Bank and will be Immediately translated
hither. How the Exchange Bank and the
branch of the Virginia Bank are getting
along, we cannot say, but we know that the
worthy gentleman and most excellent officer
who is Cashier of the branch of the Virginia
Bank, Capt. r. w. BowpEN, will stand to
his post as long as he is desired by the Di.
rectory, and as long as there is any use in
keeping the Bank open.
The daily dispatch. [volume] (Richmond [Va.]) 1850-1884, 1855-09-13
rur rrNTRAL AMP ORANGE RAIL

ROAD9-
During q recent trip on these roads, we
we're greatly struck with the vast sdvance
vh;ch Virginia has made of late years in
r.;lroads-an advance which fully confirms
the remark of an intelligent Northern trAyef
or that. as far as she has gone with her rail
r.,ads. virginia surpasses the North in the
.naad and comfort of this mode of travelling.
The Central Railroad, in the solidity ana eie'
gance of its work, its spacious, handsome
and comfortable cars. its great speed ana the
ease with which its cars glide over the heavy
rail, and the care and prudence exercised Dy
:ts officers. is q model railroad, and an honor
70 all connected with it. Especial mention
deserves to be made of its most efficient and
eentlemanly conductors. There is no road
in the United States whose officers are more
polite and obliging. All who have travelled
on Northern and Western Railroads, where
the conductors and other agents seem 10 LOOK
upon their passengers as 30 many prisoners
of war who may be safely treated with any
amount of discourtesy, will know how to ap-
ureciste the attentions of the kind and whole
60pleQ R6utl6mou WuV AoSo SAA"Ao~
Central Railroad.
Of Orange and Alexandria Railroad. on
which we have just travelled for the arst
time, we cannot speak in too strong terms 0!
COMMUNICATION. It's speed is equal to that OF
the fastest railroad In the country, and its
conductors are men Of great energy. Their
motto being In action, If not in words, that
our excellent friend, Capt. SIMS" Let her
rip" The country through which the
Orange Railroad passes is one of the most
beautiful in Virginia or in any other State
1t is worth trip on the Orange Railroad to
look at the grand panorama afforded BY. the
distant mountains of the Blue Ridge, their
SUBMITS hidden in the clouds, and the bills
and valleys Of the plain "arrsyed in living
green" and smiling with fertility. The trip
from Gordonsville to Alexandria is made in
q little more than three hours. The Alexan.
d ia and Washington Railroad will soon be
completed, and when this is accomplished,
the traveller from Gordonsville, in three
hours and half from his time of starting,
will find himself in the federal city.
The Central and the Orange Railroads are
proud monuments of the enterprise of this
Commonwealth, and present in themselves
sufficient refntation of the stereotyped slaug
about the degenerscy Of Virginia.
The daily dispatch. [volume] (Richmond [Va.]) 1850-1884, 1855-09-13

JUVENILE FAIR'-Some very sweet littls
girls are holding Fair on Governor street
tnext door to Belyin's Cabinet Ware Room
sr the benefit of the orphans of Portsmouth
and Norfolk. Every good hearted man II.
passes, who loves little children, ought to on
10 and encourage the young people.
The daily dispatch. [volume] (Richmond [Va.]) 1850-1884, 1855-09-13

MAYORS CouRr.-The Mayors Court ir
the city of Richmond will be held at O'CLOCK 4.
After the 10th of October, at 10 o'cloot.
For Civil business on Thursdays, always at II ooh
A. NJ "a ii,
The daily dispatch. [volume] (Richmond [Va.]) 1850-1884, 1855-09-13

haired old man, made his appearance before the
Mayor yesterday morning, to answer the charge Of
Gssaulting and beating Miss Maria Powell. These
parties live at the southern extremity OF 9th street,
near the river. and judging from the various state
the world. Mrs Wade, who, by the way, had an
eye 10 mourning, the effects of bringing her left
cheek 10 contact with the prisoners st stated that
Maria had abused her about her husband, hearing
which the old man stepped forward, as he was bound
to do, and with one blow laid the aggressor pros
rate at his feet. Seeing this the wife was disposed
to pitch in also, and give the lone damsel trouDc-
ing but Biily's ire was up, and having his hand in
he gave his fifth rib clip about the pepper that
sent her reeling into the house. Of course she
forgave Lim for It, and, the trio seemed to be 10
good huInor, the Mayor ordered them to go home
and live Ia peace 10 future
The daily dispatch. [volume] (Richmond [Va.]) 1850-1884, 1855-09-13
SUSSEX AND GREENSVILLE IN THE
FIELD.

We understand that the hospitable and
generous people of Sussex and Greensyille,
besides collecting good deal of money for
the people of Portsmouth, have gotten TO
gether enough butter, eggs, meal, -four, corn,
bacon, sheep, chickens (about 5OO,) and
other things to freight an extra train and
such train, SO loaded, set out this morniny
for Portsmouth The money has been sent
by an agent to Petersburg, to buy groceries,
lemons, porter, etc, for the sufferers. This
achievement is ahead of any of the counties
ANOTHER CONTRIBUTION FROM Rock
RKIDGE.-The Rev. w. +. JUNK1N las for
wsrded to the Rev. Mr. GmDERsLEEvE, of
this place, ftty.fre dollars and fifteen cents,
contributed by the congregation of Falling
spring Church, in Rockbridge county, for
Norfolk and Portsmouth. Mr.. G. has hand.
co this money over to the committee in this
city which is engagedin forwarding, as ran.
idly as it can, whatever is needed ia Norfolk
ana Portsmouth 1t ia much better to sand
the contributions in this manner than to for.
ward the money for money win not buy
what is wanted in Norfolk or Portsmouth. as
there is hardly any thing brought to either
place for sale. Of course money is wanted
to pay for labor and nurses; but in the mat.
yer q provisions, they cannot be bought
there, and should be collected and sent very
promptly from elsewhere.
The daily dispatch. [volume] (Richmond [Va.]) 1850-1884, 1855-09-13

ION Lss,sss, we'll known actor elBossoo, dixd
The daily dispatch. [volume] (Richmond [Va.]) 1850-1884, 1855-09-13

F,,o,sous HoMIoIDE.-AbOut the first
q, hi. month, We published On account OF . wife.
whipping case. 10 which John Cronin was charged
WITH beating Mrs. Margaret Cronin severely. be
having caught her 10 company with man called
Byron, and suspected her OF inccnstancy TO him.
Al the time Of the occurrences, Mrs G. though en-
esafe, wss not supposed to have been seriously In
iured, and nothing was done with the husband save
10 hold him to bail TO keep the peace Since then
Mrs. Cronin has been steadily growing worse, until
Monday morning last, when, after giving premature
birth 70 IN Infant, she died That night Coroner
Wicker held an inquest over the body, upon which
q post mortem examination was msde disclosing
the fact that death had been produced BY blow In
the stomach The jury therefore, rendered .
verdict OF felonious homicide against the husband
who was at oLce arrested and committed to prison
Yesterday morning Cronin appeared before the
.yor. and tbr ugh his counsel, Mr.. J. II. Gilmer
waived an ex animation before his honor. He was
therefore remanded TO prison for examination be-
fore called court.
Mrs. Cronin, while on her death bed, declared 10
Mrs. Murray that she was innocent of the offence
with which she stood charged; and that her being
10 the room With Byron was purely accidental -
She called her husband 10 her, kissed him, and
then foreave him for his cruel treatment to her.
Cronin, seems had bis suspicious aroused by the
ioterpositon of kind friend, who. Isgo like, bad
let slip no occasion to increase bis Jealousy and
drive Elm 10 desperation. Cronin seemed deeply
pentent for the deed, and we have no doubt would
rather have died than have upon bis hands the
blood Of her whom be had promised to cherish and
protect.
The daily dispatch. [volume] (Richmond [Va.]) 1850-1884, 1855-09-13
MARRrrr

CHAs; B. RfTCHiE. q Ne; DC, jse. Ms
oil Of this city. ~ dAaRIErs
The daily dispatch. [volume] (Richmond [Va.]) 1850-1884, 1855-09-13

In 4 PlcxLx.-Last Saturday night a
party Of men uetat the house OF Michael Douns,
Ia Rockets, where they drsnk bad liquor, rot
drunk aud then commenced rssulsr asht, du.
cd into BY Patrick Dohshos, assisted By Martin
Russell! and James Grow, and drubsed within 90
Inch snd Z half Of his life. Yesterday moruina
Russell and Grow appeared bsfors the Mayor. aud
were required 10 give bal! TO answer an indios-
ment before the next grand Jury for riotous and
disorderly conduct 10 the street, aud to keep the
peace and be Of good behaviour. Donahoe, smell.
Ing the rat bad slipped the cable and made him.
self scarce-but Michael Douus, the keeper of the
house. was nsbbed and also held to bali to answer
an Indictment. Mike 10 no stranger to the Courts,
and may therefore have a merry time Ia getting
over this fair.
The daily dispatch. [volume] (Richmond [Va.]) 1850-1884, 1855-09-13

2ALT.-Jefrsys n Darcy brand afioat
OFor sale By eDLDEN 4 MILLER
ssn Corner Pssri SAD Cary sts.
The daily dispatch. [volume] (Richmond [Va.]) 1850-1884, 1855-09-13

!, l,ls.
s.srnuuI
EHarnbu
Aoswith
u Nc h
eihsissnsl
eisia q
"a ed
Per bud
% biol
senthr|
& Tue
!
VI
Iriaisy|
Mems1u|
y. the /
ed
as.as,hsaI
Aesuhma|
]. The
al
sss.ssalo
ssrRol
Rsspie|
Ss S',s \
The daily dispatch. [volume] (Richmond [Va.]) 1850-1884, 1855-09-13

WHOLESALE BUYERS will find it to
w their int, est to examine our large and W oil
assorted stock of Drugs Medicines Paints Oils Dyes
and Fancy Goods selected pressly for the Virginia
and North Carolina trade
We are offering goods Of best quality at al low
prices as thew can be obtained In any market, and
we respectfully solicit call from our friends and
country merchants generally.
We take great pleasure in showing our goods and
prices, whether we cell or nat Give trial
BENNETT & BEERS,
se IS WhoIasaIe II, m ssists M taS Nj, ri
The daily dispatch. [volume] (Richmond [Va.]) 1850-1884, 1855-09-13

S0n DRESS BERAGE DE LANES.
cOV Receiving this morning, by express, 500
Berage de Lans Dresses; desirable styles, for the
present and ensuing season, which / sm willing to
sell at Is per cent less than the ginal cost Ths
ladies' will call and see them early ct
ALFRED MOSES,
ss13 Central Store, SO Main 1T
The daily dispatch. [volume] (Richmond [Va.]) 1850-1884, 1855-09-13
BALL AND FIRE WOKhs

Mr.. Wrights four-horse Omnlous, w. =
Belief will leave the city on FRIDAY evsG s.p.rd,
O'Clock, in time for the Bsll-retu'Dhs
morning. Fare each way. 81 a,.sd
A list for names who wish to 40, esn % al
Buffers SimonS Bookstore, 'o' "sA al
leave your names.
The daily dispatch. [volume] (Richmond [Va.]) 1850-1884, 1855-09-13

pISTOLS-In every variety, Just to hand
Patent Seven Shooters new article-to " hich
we invite attention SMITH & ROBERTS,
Sc Is No % Pearl street.
Washington telegraph., 1855-08-08

POSITIVE Poor OF A "WH1e Trick ="
10 the great Democratic party THAT scas) it
may be interesting to know that the Nation
al Platform of the American party. lately
adopted at Philadelphia, and now winning
over to its support all the free and iude.
pendent men of the South, was drawn up
by the same gentleman. Judge Cone. of Ca,
who drew up the national democratic plat
form of 1S4S. which was re-affirmed in the
democratic convention of 1852, This is.
probably, the last evidence that we shall ad.
duce to show that the American party is "a
Whig trick" The jury can take the case
Memphis Eagle d. Enquirer.