davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Vermont phÅ“nix. [volume] (Brattleboro, Vt.) 1834-1955, 1855-03-31
poLITICAL MOVEMENTS.

The Democrats State Central Committee Of
Maine held meeting last week, at which they
iinously agreed to invite "the 8, 600 Wings Of that
State who voted for Reed last fall to unite with
them in putting down fusion, know nothingism and
the liquor law In their hot haste to kill OF the
Republican party they are nothing 10th to try n
fusion themselves. They propose to call this ANAL
gaination if successful, the Democratic party, TO
"let by-gones be by-soacs," and to nominate can
ddates in due proportion according to former af-
hnitics. They further expect to place this new
combination in harmony with the National Democ-
racy of the Union. Perhaps they will be success
full.
In Rhode Island. the Democratic State Conyen-
ton, nominated On Wednesday Of last week, the
of Providence; lieutenant governor, Nicholas
Brown Of Warwick; secretary Of State, Asa Potter
Of South Kingston; attorney general, Walter s.
Burgess of Cranston; general treasurer. Nathaniel
IIammett of Newporti representatives to Congress,
Thomas Davis of North Providence and Benjamin
b. Thurs,on of Hopkinton.
The old line Wings of Philadelphia who seceded
from the recent Wing and Know-Nothing Con ven
ton met on Saturday, and adopted resolutions de
nouncng secret political organizations, and recon-
mending the entire separation Of the Wing party
from the Order which has already in corruptinl
political action.
The Democrats Of Cincinnati held Convention
last week and nominated James J. Farrar for May.
or. The Convention passed resolutions denuncia.
tory Of the -Nothings. All the candidates fol
nomination were required to give assurances tina
they were not Know-Nothings, The contest be
tween the w-Nothngs and the old line Demo
Gratis is getting decidedly warm.
In Kentucky the Know-Nothings are gainin;
strength and ii is thought they will carry the mex
Gubernatorial election. Their candidates are sal,
to be, for Governor, Judge v. Loving OF Warren
for Lieutenant Governor, J. G. Hardy--the forme
Wing and the latter Democrat The Louis
vile Courier says these gentlemen are both mel
of ability, and will be elected in all probability, a
''the opposition they will encounter from eithe
wings or democrats will be but feeble, II, indeed
either Of the old parties can make and unite upOl
a ticket"
Vermont phÅ“nix. [volume] (Brattleboro, Vt.) 1834-1955, 1855-03-31

Ma. EpIroR The Historical Memoranda, ("
in the last number Of your paper were full of in
terest, and IL similar articles were frequently to
appear in the periodicals, their value would be
much increased. The newspaper is now the teach
err Of the people. and nothing which it can teach
them is Of real value than the history of their
own country II histories Of the several towns in
windham County, modelled after the town histo-
ries which have appeared in the Springfield Repub-
iiean could be procured and published in the Phe-
mir, they would be read with avidity, and do a
grsa. deal &c cultivate taste fer historical ;ays-
LEGATIONS Is there not some man in each town in
windham County who will prepare such history
Of his own town.
My own means Of information are too limited
for me to write anything like a connected account
Of any town, but a trifng contribution towards
the political history of Brattleboro, offer the fol-
lowing list of persons who have represented Brat
tleboro in the State Legislature from the organiza-
ton Of the town down to the present time:
Vermont phÅ“nix. [volume] (Brattleboro, Vt.) 1834-1955, 1855-03-31

Dirorees.--At the late session Of the Supreme
Court in Rutland County, seven divorces were
granted-six upon proceedings instituted by un-
happy husbands. and only one where the wife was
plaintiff The more common order in such cases is
widely departed from in that county.
AT the present session of the County Court in
the same County, Martin Leach was arraigned on
charge Of suborning Charles Lee to commit per
jury in the case of Powers rs. Leach. He plead
guilty. and the Court sentenced him to seven years
confinement at hard labor in the State Prison. We
find case which is Of some interest, reported in
the Rutland Herald, as follows -
"Bowen & McNamee u.s. A. Buck ct al. This
was an action on a promissory note. The defence
was that part of the consideration Of the note was
the suspension Of criminal prosecution. 1t p-
peared from the case that at the time the note was
given, the agent Of the plaintiff called upon the de-
PENDANT, and represented to him that he had re-
QUESTION from the Governor Of New York to take
him to that State for trial upon the charge Of 90
tanning goods by false pretences, and unless nc
gave note with good surety, he should immedl-
ately take him for that purpose, and that to sup
press this prosecution, the defendant gave the NOE
on which this suit was predicated. Verdict for de-
PENDANT to recover his costs.
The Vermont Patriot and State Gdseiie has
donned an entirely new aud very becoming dress
It's last number win compare fayorably in manner
and natter with any other journal IN or out Of the
State. What pity that such good looking sheet
should be devoted to sustaining, and apologisins
for, the present administration. We hope ii pays
Major.
Daniel Reed, Esq, of West Windsor, sudden
| ly dropped dead, last Saturday Morning, in
| freight car at the Lowell Railroad Freight depot ~
| Boston. He had been down to the city with load
Of Potatoes, and was about 10 return. Mr.. Reed
was about fifty-fye years Of age was an active
and enterprising man, and had been elected sever
al times to the legislature Of this State Hind'or
Journal.
Mrs. C.. Fl Hunt, Of Danyille, has thrown Mrs
Beach's days work Of ninety knots Of yarn, qule
into the back ground. A few days since she did
washing for her family Of three persons, and the
same day spun one hundred and tipelpe knots Of
yarn. The Christian Messenger youches for the
fact that Il was all good honest yarn from the ma
tive wool, and not a thread Of street yarn.--ff"
Press.
The Guard Of -aneriean Liberty died at Rul-
land last week, aged ten weeks and, three days II
claimed to have three Thousand subscribers who
. had paid in advance, It's size was one-half that
Vermont phÅ“nix. [volume] (Brattleboro, Vt.) 1834-1955, 1855-03-31
NEWSPAPER HISTORY.

The WOodstock Mercury signali1ed the close Of
its mortal existence by an act which deserves to
Initiated by ether newspapers. 1t mot only publish
ed its own obituary, but gave succint account Of
ali the other newspapers that had been published
in Woodstock, thus furnishing very valuable ma
teras for whoever shall hereafter write the histo-
ry Of Woodstock or of Windsor County We hope
the example win be followed. Many facts relating
to the history Of newspapers rest only in the mem
DRY Of those who were connected with them, and
unless committed to the press will soon be lost
Cannot we have a history Of the newspapers that
have been published in Brattleboro, and elsewher,
in Windham County We believe papers have beer
publ shed at Westminster, Fayetteville, Putney and
Wilmington, as well as at Brattleboro and Bellows
Falls. win some gentlemen in each Of those places
Vermont phÅ“nix. [volume] (Brattleboro, Vt.) 1834-1955, 1855-03-31

they arc thoroughly rnsed in scalding water, and
freed from all impurities.
In tapping, use half inch bitt, pcrfora,iny
the tree about IN inch and fourth, and rs zen
eral thing make but one incision, believing lion
experiment, that one Is all that is necessary n
medium sized tree.
Having secured sufficient sap to make It IN Of,
jet to FIRE up. say three or four barrels, IT is col
cctsd, delivered at the sugar-bousc, strained, III.
pans placed in position, filled, and the FIRE started
As soon rs evaporation commences draw from
feeder into each pan, constant stream, equal 10
that which passes of in vapor. Consequently the
sap is kept steadily at the boiling point, which
desirable; also avoid the nearly constant scorcb.
inc of the SAP on the sides Of the pans. which n,
Vermont phÅ“nix. [volume] (Brattleboro, Vt.) 1834-1955, 1855-03-31
COUNCIL OF cENsoRs.

The election Of thirteen men TO compose the most
useless aPpendagc Of the government Of Vermont,
took place on Wednesday. But little interest was
manifested in the matter as appears from the want
Of organization, and the very light vote cast. In
this town but a very smsll portion Of the voters
were out. We dropped in at the polls for few
minutes, and saw present the presiding officer,
town Clerk. one vote distributor and precisely FIVE
other individuals. This vote. as the result shows,
was pretty much one way. The following ticket,
judging from the returns in this county, is elected
by an overwhelming majority, on a very light
Vermont phÅ“nix. [volume] (Brattleboro, Vt.) 1834-1955, 1855-03-31
tbr 9yrrnlunt pDGnir.
BRArrLEBoRo, SATURDAY, M.ncn 81, 1868
NOTICE

All subscribers to Tue yEnMoSr PnGSix who pay
their subscriptions previous to tho LIST Of April next
will be charged only $i50--the advance price.
~ The Phrnir will be printed at present on
the afternoon Of Fridays. BY this arrangementwe
are enabled to give our readers the report Of the
Cambridge Cattle Market" and we feel quite sure
that most Of them would prefer one days delay to
the omission Of that report.
l1y- Those who wish to have their Probate Noti-
ccs appear in the PHGNrx will give directions to
that effect at the Probate office.
Vermont phÅ“nix. [volume] (Brattleboro, Vt.) 1834-1955, 1855-03-31

him the distance to Michigan City. With a
itne modelled to the life after that previously
used by his interrogation, Paul Missed out Don't
bother me = The mans eyes glared with fury
as he demanded the reason Of such an insult,
and threatened 70 resent il unless proper APP
olugy was offered.
Il shall offer no apology for my language,
said the noblc-heatted conductor, neither will
you resent Il : for man who deems himself
injured by having applied to him the same Ian
guage he has dsgraced himself by applying to
a lady, is too little of gentleman TO be apollo
gizcd to, and too much Of coward to resent
IL!
Vermont phÅ“nix. [volume] (Brattleboro, Vt.) 1834-1955, 1855-03-31

The FISEsT OF LAsGUAGE.--TheW Washing
ton newspapers, in discussing the New Hamp-
shire election and its results, use language re-
markable for beauty, boldness and sublimity.-
They seem to have We'd with each other in the
ingenuity and novelty of their figures, and the
consequence is that we have display of the
rery finest wiring. The Union tells US that
the Ab0liiiouists viii now turn upon the South
like Invading army flushed with harvest q
blood and spoil" It adds
"l'he siren voices of ambitious demagogues
in the South cannot hide the peril that smould-
ers like volcano, beneath their feet. Should
they succeed in their design, and inoculate this
disease upon that portion Of the Union, aboliii-
tion will, for the first time be naiionaized, and
the South thrown into the hands of their worst
enemies" .H
This we call neat and novel The syrens are
no longer irrisiible nautical ladies, warblng
poor mariners upon Scyla and Charybdis.-
Now they conduct their predestined victims to
some yesnyius, and by the most ingenious Cava
tinas, keep them there until the explosion takei
place. The ladies', too, are medical as well al
musical, and 'inoculate" their victims before
they have done with them.
The Washington Sentinel wakes pathological
and fayors the lovers of natural history with thu
following astounding information -
"a great snake has ratified in the Free
States. Il is the new secret Order Ii hisse'
J in New York, and protruded its vsnomous an'
forked tongue. If afterwards ratified in Mass
achuseits, and in the last few days repeated il
warning in New Hampshre.n .
This ''posky sarpeni'' ought TO be at ono
arrested and put 10 bottle Such "yarluints
are dangerouS
Vermont phÅ“nix. [volume] (Brattleboro, Vt.) 1834-1955, 1855-03-31

But the Organ, the paper Of vespasian Ellis
is geological. Hear and iremble
"Tho forces of Foreignism and Romanism are
already broken and scattered. Their leaders
have 10 vain impiored the rocks and mountains
of Nas Hampshire 10 afford them shelter The
sturdy sons Of that Granite State have respond
ed in loud acclaim, Depart ye orscdp Their
last appeal is now made to tho Blue Ridge and
Alleghanies Of Virginia to have mercy on them
What will be the response -
II the Blue Ridge and Alleghonies do no.
prove obigine after this, and tumble kindly
down upon every poor wretch who appeals to
them, we shall consider them mountains OF 40
breeding whateyer.--B Boston Alias.
Vermont phÅ“nix. [volume] (Brattleboro, Vt.) 1834-1955, 1855-03-31
rn cnnRrsrnNnENrs.

We solicit correspondence from oil parts Of this
and the adjoining counties, both in and out Of the
State, upon all subjects which interest the public
All News, local occurrences, fires, storms, acct
dents, meeting, facts, &C., &C., transmitted TO us
early, will receive prompt attention. Our friends
by remembering this, can add much to the value
Of tbs PHOENIX. "0riginal Poetry is not sought
for with much avidity by the reading community,
The latest quotations show II to be very poor stock
for investment
Vermont phÅ“nix. [volume] (Brattleboro, Vt.) 1834-1955, 1855-03-31

ELECTION IN KASsAs.-Goy. Reeler, Of Kansas,
IS determined to prevent the repetition of such
scenes as were enacted on the soil Of this new ter
ritory at the delegate election last FALL In his pro-
elarnation appointing Friday. March Goth, for the
election Of members Of the first Legislature in the
territory he says -
"a voter must dwell in the Territory at the time
Of offering his vote He must then have commenc-
ed an actual inhabitancy, which he actually in
tends to continue permanently, and he must have
made the Territory his dwelling to the exclusion Of
any other home"
In case any election is contested, the parties ag-
grieyed must bring the matter before the Governor
who shall determine the case between the partie.
eontesting. .-a
Vermont phÅ“nix. [volume] (Brattleboro, Vt.) 1834-1955, 1855-03-31

'MoDERs AGITArons" is the suggestive title Of
a handsome volume just from the prolific press Of
Messrs- Miller, Orion & Mulligan. 1t gives brei
but very interesting "pen portraits Of twenty
American reformers. all of them, with one e1cep-
ton, still alive and active Editors, minister's po-
cts, and lawyers, are the classes from which most
of the reformers are selected, and among them are
some Representative men" from each class. such
as Greeley, Deecher, Whittier, and Seward. Por-
traits Of six prominent reformers are given.
Vermont phÅ“nix. [volume] (Brattleboro, Vt.) 1834-1955, 1855-03-31

4 Special meeting Of the Board Of Managers Of
the American Baptist Missionary Union, closed a
session Of seven days, on the 10th inst, in the
City Of New York. II was meeting Of consider
able importance, from the nature Of the subjects
considered, and the character Of those assembled.
The discussion were Of grave import, and the lead
ing minds in the denomination were engaged in
the deliberations which occupied successive days.
The fundamental question before the meeting, was
the relation Of the Missionaries to the organization
by which they are appointed and sustained, in
solving the extent Of control 10 be exercised oter
those employed in the foreign service by the home
society, through It's Board and Executive Commit
tee. Though differences Of opinion on the point at
issue were manifest at the meeting, yet good de-
gree Of kind fraternal feeling seemed to prevail
and the final result was unanimous in sustaining
the authority Of the Board. The Resolutions upon
which all united, were presented by Rev. DR.. VII.
| liams Of New York. Rev. Mr.. Foster Of this vii
lage was present as a member Of the Board, and
participated in the discussions, as We perceive By
the reports in the New York papers. The annua
meeting Of the Board and Union, occurs in abou
six weeks, at Chicago, ILL.,, at which, it is not i'm
probable that some Of the matters in question viii
come up again for further consideration.
Vermont phÅ“nix. [volume] (Brattleboro, Vt.) 1834-1955, 1855-03-31
LoCAL INTELI.IGENcE.

John p. HaIe's Leciurs.--IIon. John p. Hale
delivered a lecture in this village on Wednesday
evening subject, "I'rial by Jury" Though not
s,rietlv n.Iaptei 10 a popular audience, II was
,reatci in such A manner rs 10 command the al.en-
,;on of the whole audience, while those whose
,boucbts had been directed In the same channel to
some extent previously, were deeply interested.
Tho lecturer. after aletching the origin Of jury
trials in England and elsewhere, proceeded 10 show
that from the outset jures, in all criminal matters,
were entitled to pass upon both both law and facts
Several attempts were made on the part Of the
Judges in England to infringe upon this right in
cases Of libel, but they were uniformly unsuccess-
! full In 1870 bill was passed by both Houses Of
Parliament without dissenting voice providing
that in all cases of libel the same rights and pow
ers Of the juries as in criminal matters should be
recognized. The arrangements Of these powers OF
jur1es that have been attempted sometimes sue
cesstuy' in this country were then severaiiy CON"
mented upon. The lecturer con'enaeu' anu II
see'n0i 70 Us 'o"oi"s'''y' '""' 'ou''' "''s nv !"
SoauOW VI r,s"' W QUESTION my juror ~ '" n's
0Plhion' Vi .'e eV"''''"'''"a''v " eAp0,'"'' VI
any IA" unuer "nicn '"e o'''''''", '"'"'e % 'n"is
cd that he 10 determine IN some Of inc
States thus prerosauVe Oh jurors mas pecn in'rngeu
upon Jurors nave "ecn quesu0nep as F" 'heir
views upon the consutntionaiiy Of restrictive OF
prohu'ory ehac.nehH Ie'a'ing 70 'ne S'e Oh Spfi'-
uous liquors. "hue IN inc ieuer"i COURTS 'hey nave
been Obliged TO give the'r views upon inc cons.'u-
'VnA' " ''' us',''s o'A'' ~ "''''. 'a' 'O.'.
s,' :" ''eH e.''', a"u /" '"s'' "V,'O"' ''A'' WIZ,
."O'e "'s''''1 - '''' Nou'~ my "e's 'A0'uus'
.'o" 'He pA"s' i"e ''e'1'S, "s,u 'nA' 'ne u'i'e
"rA Juror =" s"e ms oPn'0n IN a" cases was
""'n nv 's"e- "'' 's'.e'' A'u '"H' A'' A''e'"P''
r., - -, = =
s4s D'''' p'''SN' ~" ''~' ''' =
'-'''
-Ner England bdrds.-"e are hapPy 10 an
'ou4ee "'Oe' ~ 'a''N pVps'"'
IN TINS place lhey WIZ sing AZ the Unitarian
Church Saturday evening, 3lst. Those whC
have heard them once will he sure To 20 again ana
A.. 70 -.
1 'V7' ~ 49, 10y ~
they will not go away dissatisfied.
Mamie Snrar-Nfr Geo. Il. Sergeant of tb;,
= -, 81.
4 VI ",'' P'1es' 'esen"' 'A' =" Jul '"''e eaAe
maple sugar OF his own manufacture, which wa
the sweetest and incest we have tasted this sea
son We distr;bp,el IL with the "conv >, and
y a.,
-. 60, q.
d ~ "pp's,' ', 'i' .A"s P'VN.9' y "'.@" VI
$ sugar is bleaehed- IL Is thus Nhitened At the eH
pense Of It's peculiar taste. The great essentials il
. maxim, GOOD SMEAR arc cleanliness in all the amer
%, = ;, -,
d a"o"s 1nu 9A'' IN SusA''"s w. VI s'-i's'
a Dry Goods.-The ladies who think they mus
Vermont phÅ“nix. [volume] (Brattleboro, Vt.) 1834-1955, 1855-03-31
NOTICE TO TOWN CLERKS.

The Town Clerks in the several towns in this
State, are requested to report to as early pos
sible, the number Of copies Of wARISo's ELEMENTS
OF AoncuLruRK ordered by the legal voters. al
their last annual town meeting, to be furnished to
each town, agreeably to an Act passed at the lasi
session Of the General Assembly. entitled ''.an
Act 10 encourage he study Of .agriculfurs IN
Common Schools" STEPHEN ROYCE.
EAST BERKsHIRE, March 20, 1855
Vermont phÅ“nix. [volume] (Brattleboro, Vt.) 1834-1955, 1855-03-31

"cousry JovRSAL."-J. J. Piper, Esq, the
able editor Of the Fitchburg Rerells, proposes. in
few weeks, to commence the publication Of q
large weekly, with the above title. It is to be de-
voted TO Literature, Agriculture, Science and Art,
with a sprinkling Of News, Fashion, Wit, Fun and
Humor. Friend Piper is fully competent to the
task. and he has secured the services of an able
and brilliant corps Of contributors, the public may
look out for frst-rate journal.
Vermont phÅ“nix. [volume] (Brattleboro, Vt.) 1834-1955, 1855-03-31

birBovKD WINDOW CURTAIN FIxruREs-The at
tentOn Of those in want of the above article is cali
ed 10 the advertisement of s. Gates Co.. else
where. We have one of these fixtures suspended
in our office 1t is convenientin operation, and not
liable to get out of repair 1t is the best arrange
ment Of the kind we have ever seen.
Vermont phÅ“nix. [volume] (Brattleboro, Vt.) 1834-1955, 1855-03-31
rn ann sInscnInrns.

The frat Of .aPrH is rapidly approaching, and
those Of our subscribers who wish to avail them
selves u the adranee price for "TnE PnGS,x'
will do we'll to bear II In mind Those RENTING
81 so previous to the above date will be credited
with one years subscription.
Vermont phÅ“nix. [volume] (Brattleboro, Vt.) 1834-1955, 1855-03-31

and In any other where paper has ever been pub
llshed, give us history Of the press in these sever
al townsl TO show in about what shape We want
the information, we subjoin brief history Of the
Braifieboro Eagle.
The SENT Weekly Eagle wns established Aug
10th, Isi7, by D. D. Harris anil VIM. b. Hale,
Editors and Publishers. II was originally publish
ed on Tuesday and Friday morning., but the time
was changed to Monday and Thursday evenings,
April 18th. 1913. Mr. lIale's connection with the
paper terminated May 2lst, 1913. and Mr. Harris
continued to edit and publish II till Feb LIST, 1851
when the publication was assumed by p. II. White
and II. f. Bowles. Mr. White editing the paper
Jan. 1st., 1862, Chas Cummings aud Chas. s
Prouiy undertook the publication, with the former
as editor and P. II. white as Assistant. It mad,
rs appearance as weekly with the title Of Brat
ileboro Eagle, Dec. oath. 1852. Jan. 9TH, 1853
D. d. Harris aud Chas. Cummings commenced ed
iting and Publishing It, and continued to do so ill
Dec 10Th, 1854, when the paper appeared for th'
last time, and was thereafter merged in the Fer.
mont Statesman.
Vermont phÅ“nix. [volume] (Brattleboro, Vt.) 1834-1955, 1855-03-31

Teachers Institute - The Cheshire County
Teachers Institute will commence on Monday,
April 10th, at the Town Hall In Kcene, and will
continue two weeks. The Institute will be under
the charge Of c. @. Durham. assisted by Lowell
Mason, Herman Krusi. Levi W. Russell and Geo
s. Houghton. Board will be furnished for 81. rs
per week, and Railroads will probably carry for
half fare. The friends Of education in Cheshir,
County are wide awake to the Importance Of good
primary schools
Vermont phÅ“nix. [volume] (Brattleboro, Vt.) 1834-1955, 1855-03-31
tFor the Vermont Pboenix.J
HOW TO MANUFACTUR MA
PIE SUGAR.

: Nh. EDIroR:--r now proceed to comply with
your request, and give you a statement Of the
course pursue in the manufacture Of Maple su-
gar, and in doing 50 shall add such views on the
subject as think may be Of Importance to the I'M
initiated.
At the commencement Of the season, and before
the buckets are placed for the reception Of the sap
Vermont phÅ“nix. [volume] (Brattleboro, Vt.) 1834-1955, 1855-03-31

~ An Institute will soon be opened for the
gratuitons instruction Of teachers at Guilford by
J. Grecnlcaf. Esq, author Of the 'Labor Saving
Grammar See notice elsewhere.
Vermont phÅ“nix. [volume] (Brattleboro, Vt.) 1834-1955, 1855-03-31

G. W. Rairbrother has been appointed Post
Master at Saxton's River in place of II, G. Wiley.
Vermont phÅ“nix. [volume] (Brattleboro, Vt.) 1834-1955, 1855-03-31

Hon. Samuel 8, Phelps, late United States scna-
tor from this State, died at his residence at Mid
dlebury on Sunday last.
Vermont phÅ“nix. [volume] (Brattleboro, Vt.) 1834-1955, 1855-03-31

JAMES NJ. sL,DE, Of Addison County.
JonS W. VAIL, Bennington :"
DAVID FIsH, Chttcnden "
CHARLES 5. DANA, Caledonia "
Dawn HiBBARp, Essex "
VIZ. G. WusoS. Franklin
THOMAS GLKED, Lamoe +"
joins u. HurcmNsoS, Orange
NArn'L r. NEIsoS, Orleans ''
EyELrs PIERPoIST, Rutland g"
Wa. W. WELLS, Washington
LAFAYETTE WARD, Windham
Tuo's +. HAMMOND, Windsor
In the returns below, the first column Of figures
denotes the number Of votes for the above tick
ct. The other column indicates the votes cast fol
all other tickets
Vermont phÅ“nix. [volume] (Brattleboro, Vt.) 1834-1955, 1855-03-31
VERMONT ITEMS.

By TIC Coye-no-,
cHAuxcKY ii. HAYDEN. Secretary.