Plymouth advertiser. [volume] (Plymouth, Ohio) 1853-1988, 1855-08-04
The Science Of War.
A PoPslv EEPSaAafiOa II Var Terms
aAi Pkruses.


certain number Of companies. a proper
u N OF artillery is usually attached 60 each
division, with one or more batteries, 80
that a division can act as a small army.
complete in itself. lIis Lieutenant Gen
erals command, Sni each brigade Is under
a Major GensTal.
The .Staf consists Of the Generals and
their Aids-de-C amp, Brigade Majors, As
sistant Adju,aut, and the Quarter-Master
Generals.
When civilians read that q division,
brigade or regiment moved in close col
umn, or column at quarter distance
the term, perhaps, conveys no definite idea
to the uninihalei. But if they understand
that close column of a regiment is
formed by the companies Of which it is
composed being drawn up in rear or close
behind each other, so that a solid square
can Uo -fO..--i =. a fo,v seconds or line
formed on any named company by the
remaining companies deploying on the
company indicated, which company stands
fast during the movement ofthe others, the
meaning is at once obvious.
Il Co'umnGt Quarter Distance has an
open space between the division aud COM
panics Of which it is composed of one
fourth of the ground occupied by each, so
that by closing tho first and second to tie
front, and moving up the two rear compa
MES, while the remainder wheel outward
by sections, square, four deep, IS form
ed.
An Opea Column is when the companies
of a regiment are placed behind each other
with Intervening spaces sufficient to allow
each company To wheel or pivot, and thus
iolm into line, DC.
an Eclelon Kopemem is term applied
to az oblique line OF march, which move
mcnt is accom- pIished by wheeling the
companies given number Of PAGES, before
marching, according to the obli4uity re.
qui.ed.
Guas--a term generally appli Il to field
artillery, which mostly consists of six, nine
and twelve roanders, witha few howitzcrs,
which latter are some.hing between NOR
tar and gun--half brother to the former,
and cousin german to the latter. The how
itzer can throw spherical case shot, small
shell, DC.
Shells are hollow cast iron globes, filled
with gunpowder, de-. in which fuse i
inserted, so that when it burns down TO thJ
powder an exp plosion takes place, AMI the
she bursts, scattering the shattered trag-
ments in every direction.
Guns of Position are larger than field guns
and are mostly uSel in places where an en-
envy occupies defensive position. Being
more cumbersome than field guns, they
cannot be moved with the same celebrity a.
the smaller cannon, and are therefore moi
so generally used
.Srgs Gus are Of heavier metal and large
Galore than either field guns or guns o
position, and consequently throw large
proiectiles. a Field Battery general!
consists Of six guns with ammunition
wagons, and the requisite number of hors
os to draw them, anu the proper number o
officers an! men to work them.
\ Wing OF regiment implies one half
thus every regiment has right and lei
wing Tee same term may be applied al
so to an army.
OMer Pic9uet, or Picket. is small b ID,
Of men, commanded by an officer. 1t
place is in front of an army to prevent sur
prise. Picquets are constantly Oh the alert
and sleep not. This duty generally com
mcEccs at sunset, and terminates alter lUl
dsylighi.
hlying PicGue,is similar force, whic
Ifmains in the camp, readily accou;r.d t
turn ont on the slightest alarm.
Il Covering Puty generally consists {
al officer and forty or fifty men, who tax
up position in front OF the prlncipa
trenches, and protect the woyk kmen employ
ed therein from molestation.
Trenshes are long narrow excavation
some feet in depth, the earth from which
thrown up towards the enemy, SO as to a
ford shelter to the troops who guard thel
during the night againstsurprisc, etc. D'
ty in the trenches is always unpleasant
and in cold weather particularly so, as Il
men have t. remain quiet, OF they woul
bring heavy fire upon them, and thus Il
crease the danger to which, in trench dat
they are more or less exposed.
Altho trench and picquet duties are Il
most arduous that fall to the lot Of a sc
dier, yet i'll the British army the office
ard men so employed even for month
seldom obtain credit or promotion for tn,
services But the French act very diff
emily to their troops when engaged insu
dangerous and iatiguing duties, for We &c
orally hear that General Canrobcrt has pi
NOTED and rewarded with the Legion
Honor many brave mca for theif gals
conduct in the trenches.
GaJioas are baskets of cylindrical for
filled with earth, and which are placed {
posite the enemy's batteries as a prot
ton to the men when they first bro
ground, and ,mmence to entrench the
selves. .
The term Fortress is applied to a 70,
fled place on an extensive scale that
Fort to a smaller fertilization.
4 Bast;on has two or more faces,
aform thatiwhen several Of them are joil
together, complete petasoe is the res
1t is called the system of reciprocal
fense,' and enc projecting bastion in
pentagon defends another. a ditch, ei,
wet OF dry, adds to the difficulty of
proach. @
Lunsettes are small works usually raj
r i