The daily union. [volume] (Washington [D.C.]) 1845-1857, 1855-12-31

independent States they were associated only by coumu-
pity Of transatlantic orgn " geographical position and
by the mutual 10 d commol dependence Great Britain
When iat e sundered. tey seyeraily assumed the
poserr and rights Of aberuie aefguyofna,ent The mu
Nior and social institutions Of ech s laws Of property
and Of personal relation, is political organization,
such only each choose establish, wholly
without interference nom any other In the language Of
the Deearaten 81 Independence each State had " full
power to levy war conclude peace contact alliances,
ablsh commerce, aud TO do al other acts aud thng
which independent States may OF right do The several
colonies differed 10 elnato Ia SOIL IN natural productions
~ regoni IN systems 81 education, n legislation and u
the FORMS Of political administration and they continued
10 dier IN these respects when they voluntarily allied
themselves States TO the war OF the revolution
The object Of that war was 70 dsentGl Che United Col
ones from foreign RUE which had proved 10 be oppressive
aud 10 separate them permanently from the mother
uy the political result the foundation Of a federal
republic Of the free white Of the colonies constituted
as hey were. ia distinct, and reciprocity independent
State gogehmeDsA. As for the subject races, whether In
dian Ai"an, the wise aud brave statesmen Of that day
being engaged 10 extavagan scheme of social change
lett them a. they wsre and thus pseseed themselves ana
their posefily from the snarghE sna tie eyerrecurrng
civil wars wta have prevailed in other revoutionizeo
I European colonies Of America.
/ When the coniederated States found il convenient 4
modify the conditions Of their association by giving 10 he
general government direct access respects 10 tn
people Of Tie States instead OF eonfuins Il 10 action
the States such, they pfoceedcd 10 frame the eSsnr
constitution, aGuering steadily guiding thought
which to delegate only such power necessary
aud proper TO the execution Of specific purposes
other words to retain as much as possible, consistently
PURPOSES, Df the naepenucnt powers OF ie III
divdoal States fof objects conlnoa deisace aud
rty they rlrasted - The Ptreei -ut dr.sen certain
carefully esEned functions, leaving all others the
Delegated rights OF the separate independent soyeegnte
Such is Che constitutional theory Of our government tn
practical observance Of which has carried as and alone
among modern republics through nearly Tires generation
OF ne without the eoel of CHE drip Of blood sed in cv
war WITH freedom and concert Of action, has enable
US to contend successfully on the batlc field Ggiinst foreign
oes has elevated The feeble oolsnes into powerful States
ana has raised cor Industrial productions, and
which transports them, to the level Of the richest and ht
greatest nations Of Europe. Aud toe admirable adapta
ton OF our political institutions 10 their objects Combining
local segovesnHens With aggregate strength, has osab
shoa the practcabity of government like
a continent with confederate States
The Congress Of the United States is, in effect, tina
congress OF soveregnties. whs'i good nah Ia the Oh
World have aepabt ief bul could Never attain, and wc
npafs 10 America On pton from the putabe league
Tor common action, from tile VARS the utnai nvasions
and vague asriretcEs alter the balance of power whc
convuse from time to time the governments of Europe
Our cooperative action rests in the conditions of pera
nent confederation prescribed by the constitution Oui
balance OF power in the separate reserved rights of the
States, and their equal representation in the Senate That
independent sovereignty IN every ono Of the States, with
its reserved rights Of local safsoyernihent assured
each By their coeudl power id the Senate the nda
mental condition or the constitution. Without the Union
would never baye existed However DESTROYS the larger
States might be tie rs-orraiEe the government to give
to their Population its proportionae weight in the
counses, they knew impossible unless they conceded
10 The smaller ones authority to exercise at least
tiye influence on all the measures of tho government
whether legislative or executive, through their equal repre-
selves could not have failed TO perceive, that the same
power equally necessary 20 them, for tho security Of
their own doesc Interests 'st tie aggregate force of
The general government IN word the original States
went into this permanent league the agreed premises Of
exerng their common strength for the defence Of the
whole and of all its parts but of utterly excluding all
capabity OF reciprocal aggression Each soiemny bound
itself to all the Others Mother to undertake. nor permit,
any encrcachmont upon ntermeddmg with, anoher's
reserved rights
Where was deemed expcdient particular rights of the
States expressly guaranteed by the constitution; but
in all things beside those rights were guarded by the @
taon of the powers granted and by express reservation
Of an powers granted in the compact Of union Thus
the great power of taxation limited purposes Of
common defence and general welfare, excluding objects
appcrtaning 10 the local legislation of the several States
and those purposes Of general welfare aud common de
fence afterwards defined by specific enumeration,
being matters only Of correlation between the States them
selves between them aud foreign governments, which
because Of their and general nature, could not be
left to the separate control Of each State
OF the circumstances Of local condition, interest, AND
rights in which portion Of the States constituting one
great section OF the Union differed from the rest and from
another section, the most Important was the peculiarly Of
in the northern States.
4 population of this class, held in subecon existed IN
nearly all the States, but was moro numerous and Of more
serious concernmen in tho South than in the North, OF
account of NATURAL differences of climate and production;
and it was forcseen that for the reasons while this
population would diminish, and, later to
exist, in States, it might increase in others. The
peculiar character and magnitude of this question of local
rights not in material relations only but still more IN
Of tho constitution
Hence, while the general government, as well by the
enumerated powers granted 10 it, by those
rated and therefore refused to it, forbidden to touch
this in the of attack offence it placed
under the general safeguard of the Uncn the Of
defence against either invasion domestic violence, like
all other local interests of the several States Each State
expressly stipulated well for itself for each and all o.
its citizens, and every citizen of each State became solenn
bound by his allegiance TO the constitution that
held TO service labor in State escaping into another
should not in consequence ofany law regulation thereof
be discharged from such service abor but should be
delivered up claim Of the party to whom such service
or labor might be due by the laws of his State.
Thus and thus only, by the reciprocal guaranty Of al
the rights Of every State against interference the par,
of another the present form of government established
by fathers and transmitted to and by othei
means is possible for it exist. If one State t.
respect the rights of another and obtusvely nermeddes
with its local uerests,ifa portion OF the States
to impose their institutions the Others refuse to fu
their obligations to themwe longer united friendly
States but Distracted hostile with little capacity lei
of common advantage, but abundant of reciprocal
4 injury and mischief
Practically, IL immaterin whether aggressive inter
ference between tho States deliberate refusal The
part Of any OF them comply with constitutional OBJ
legations, arise from conviction blind preiu
dice, whether il be popetraed by direction udrecon
In either case it is full of threat and of danger to the d
4 rability of the Union.
A CONGREGATIONAL RELATIONS or SLAVERY.
Placed the office OF Chief Magistrate the executive
agst Of the whole country bound TO take that the
laws be faithfully executed, and specially enjonod by the
constitution give Information 10 Congress the state
of the Unon IL would be palpabe neg ec Of duty my