New-York daily tribune. [volume] (New-York [N.Y.]) 1842-1866, 1855-04-18
FISH AND FISHING.. III.

1t is proposed In concluding these psca.ora CLEAN
iDgs, to show that it was Fish and Ftshing that
slienaied the Colonies from the mother country,
causing rebellion and revolution and ending In our
independ sLt nationality.
In the fret place. a brief reference is necessary to
the 6,hipg dbputes and collisions between the 8rirsh
and the FreI Oh, during the period Of their earnest
rivLlry for the monopoly Of the American Fisheries;
for thu 30 disputes and conflicts t,e forerunne
Of the Revolution and trained the coloniss to fight
the battles of free FihDg and Freedom successfully.
Tie French and English were the principal fishers
in the Ane, lean waters-nOding grants from their
respective Kings, which were given when the Kings,
each for himself clsimed all the lshds and seas his
subjects saw or sailed over The result was that the
different Kings gave grants for the same tracts Of
country, causing long and bitter strifes, aud ending
in war and tuccessfu revolution.
The fist fishing difficulties occurred in the region Of
ceuLtry for a long time known as Areadia-eu-
brsoiDg Nova Scotia, New Brunswick, and goodiy
portion Of Maine. This large territory being s4'ued
by both England and France, the subjects Of both
made fishing settlements thereon. Then Charles the
First in 1884, resigned to France, Canada, Nova Sco-
tie, and Cape Breton, which was regarded a. dis
graceful and frsudul by the EtgliAh people ind
historians consider this cesson the primary cause
of the American Revolution; because the disputes
and collisions among fishermen to which it gave rise,
finally disturbed the relations between England and
the Colonies.
Twenty years later, Crom yell took forcibe posses
sion, in time Of peace of Nova Scotia aud its hdh'
eries-clsimipg that the cesson Of King Charles was
fraudulent but after the restoration Of the Stuars,
in 1867, this frhing colony was again restored to
France. Fierce conflicts and reprsas between the
English and French fishermen occurred; and, In the
war which followed the accession Of William asd
Mary to the British throne, the American coloniss
eagerly participated H. and began, at once, prepare
lions for, the conquest Of Canada and Nova Scotia.
An expedition, commanded by Sir William PhiPs,
the fisherman, made the conquest Of Nova Scotia,
but 1t was again restored - France in 1897 and also
The whole coasts, islands, and fishing grounds from
Maine TO Labrador, and Hudsons Bay, and the Mis-
sifsippi vslley-EDglsnd only retaining the Eastern
half Of Newfoundland. The colonial fishermen were
outraged BY this cession; and the French embodened
BY it, boldly claimed the very next year. the sole own
erbp Of the American fsheres--and this exclusive
claim was the principal cause of the War Of 1902
This war Queen Anne's) was termiussed by the
Treaty Of Utrecht in l7la; at which time the French
fisheries were never more fourishing. Their catch
of codfsb alone vss equal to the supply Of all CONT
mental Europe. BY this nea'y the Eneikh statesmen
gned that they had secured the supremacy in the
American seas: but France, having the rgh. to fish
on the east cosst Of NewOuBd and soon took posses
ZION Of Cape Breton, and began the fertilization
at Lcui.bourg-the construction Of which occupied
twenty FIVE ytars, at an expense Of nearly six mil
liens Of dollars. It walls were Of brick brought
from Frsnceforty feet thick at the base. and thirty
feet high ard surrounded BY ditch eighty feet wide
1t was defended by 200 cannsn-had is nunneriss
and palaces terraces and gardens aid was called the
"DuIkitk Of America In the WA Of l7ii, this
strong sshing-captL was taken by tie Yankee
fshpg.tailors and fishing soldicn-the French con-
narder sunendering on the forty ninth day Of the
siege-the most remarkable event in our Colonial his-
tory-s heroic achievement that gave that peace to
Europe.
After al tbii, by the Treaty Of Ai1.la Chspslle 10
1856, England again restored Cape Breton to France
an set diseraceful TO EUgland-snd embittered
and ssnated the feelings Of the fishermen and mer-
chants Of New-England.
The French again nespaasing upon The fishing
rights at Nova Scotia, another war was declared, in
l7.c, and in 1883 Louhsonrg was again besIeged,