Daily American organ. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1856, 1855-05-23

uOctrlne lQenlcal In ltS mann features Win the one
referred to above.
Several Of the Episcopal bishops hold and teach
the same doclrine.
Austrians, Turks and Russians.
Upon the military capacity Of Austrians, Turks
and Russians we cite this important testimony
from Pole, who has been thirty years soldier
and served with Austrians, Russians and Turks
General Chrzanowski:
"What is your estimate" ! said, "of the Austri-
an army ~
"The officers" he answered, s'are excellent
perhaps the best in Europei They have the spirit
and the influence which belongs to gentlemen and
they know their duties-which is not the case
always with yours. The men are strong and well
trained but they hate the service. They are not
volunteers like yours, or conscnpts like the French.
Each commune has to furnish certain number Of
men; The government officers select them arbi-
trarily. Those who are chosen feel oppressed and
never have the goodwill Of volunteer who has
taken to the army as profession, or conscript
who is paying his debt to his country. The gene
rails are good. Hcsse is fit to command zoe, 900
men, and know of no one else in Europe who is J"
" Have the Russians any good generalsY" said.
None, he answered, ION great SCALE Luders
is the best / would trust him with $4,000 or
40, 900 men, but not with more. Their regimental
the best perhaps in the world after the French,
the English and the Turks!n
Do you put the Turks 80 highs" ! asked
81 put them" he answered "at the very top.
Not the officers still less the Generals--but the
privates have every soldierly quality. The Turk
is strong, he Is docile he is SOBER he is intelligent
he has contempt for life which Is both htast and
fanatic, and can i've on nothing. When their mi
itary organization was at its beat, two centuries
But their officers are detestable, ignorant, con-
ceited, idle and corrupt. The very best people
that know are the Turks Of the lower orders.
The very worst people that know are the Turks
In Office. Power is gained and preserved there by
bribery, treachery and extortion. Every man In
authority is rogue. If you ally yourself to Tur-
key-against Rpssia, and place any reliance on
Turkish corps darmes with Turkish officers and
Turkish commander, you win be disappointed.
Train and officer them as you did the Portuguese
and you will make them the best troops in Europe;
as good as your own--perhaps better. But never
should feel comfortable in action If knew that
any important part of my line was held by purely
Turkish force. / should be constantly expecting
to see the officers running and the men following
them But To Turks a. privates and Englishmen
~ officers would intrust the key Of my position.
North Britih Reviep.
FRRrnAsoss IN TURKEY. Although freemasonry
has for more than thirty years been generally sup
posed to exist among the Mahommedans, and
traces Of IL were found in Turkey by Russian Off
GERS after the campaign Of 1929, yet they were too
slight to prove the fact; and it is only within the
last few years that 1t was satisfactorily demonstra-
ted by a German freemason CHANGING to pass
through Belgrade, where he discovered masonic
lodge, TO which he was invited, and where he re-
ceived bospitable reception. IL appears now 10
be proved, beyond all doubt, that the Turkish
brothers who exercise their masonic duties, under
the name of Dervshes, are to all intents and pur-
poses the same our own order Of freemasons,
with but very little difference in their customs and
ceremonies and making use of exactly the same
signs, words, and grips, to recognise each other.
The Turkish freemasons appear to be in more
elevated state Of civilization than Is usual amongst
the 0rientals generally; their views Of religion are
far higher than those imposed by Islamism; they
reject polygamy, contenting themselves with a
single wife, and at thesnasonc banquets the women
appear unveed-a striking proof Of the mutual
confidence the masonic brethren repose In each
other.
The Belgrade Lodge, called Alikotsch, is COM
posed of about 10 members. The master Of the
lodge, whose name is Djani Ismael Tsholak Ma
hamed Saede, is at the same time Grand Master of
all the lodges in European Turkey, and is directly
connected with all those of the whole Ottoman
Empire, Arabia and Persia, in which latter the
freemssons amount to more than fifty thousand
members In Constsntinople there are no less
than nine lodges, the most numerous and impor-
tant Of which il that Of the dancing dervishes
called Sirkedshi Teckar. The Turkish freemssons
wear a. a symbol Of the brotherhood besides q
small brown shawl embroidered with mystical fg-
ures, fat polished tweve-cornered piece Of white
marble, with reddish brown spots about two inches
in diameter, suspended by white silken cord round
the neck. These spots represent the drops Of
blood, and are symbolic Of the death Of Ali, the
founder OF the order in Turkey, who was barbarN
ously put TO death by the then Sultan for refusing
to reveal the secrets. The above-mentioned DIAM
Ismael, Grand Master Of the lodge Of Belgrade, q
venerable Turk Of the old school, IL honorary
member Of the lodge Of " Baldwin under the Lime
tree at Leipsic, several members Of which lodge
have received diplomas from the Alikotsch at Bel
grsde.--London Daily Mems.
The Nrw Psoyrsson or BRows UNIVERSITY
Amonp the passengers In the Baltic are the Rev.