The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1855-01-07

which 7,30s, S39 are occupied and cultivated. Their
populationis stated by their census Of 1862. to be
1,S42, PCS; the number Of acres Il wheat owa,
l,l36,3ll, Yielding In Upper Canada sixteen bushels
TO the acre and in Lower Canada nine bushels and
thirteen and three bushels per capita OF the popula
ton OF ea,h, respectively. Some OF their further
ard 9l3y3s6 acres Of oats, averaging twentyiour
bushels tothe acre. 65 1856 acres OF barley yielding
an averass Of tweuty-one bushels 10 the acre.
These averages exceed our own production per
acre OF tie same staples, In any State OF the Union,
and exceed, also, our production in the ratio Of
population TO production. There Is but one State,
as appear by the statistics obtained in connection
with our ste census, MhS,e wheat crop exceeds
the best Tx States In below eight bushels.
In reference TO the future Of Canada, the writer
above qn,ted, remarks -" In the ten years ending
in 1861, he population Of Great Britain increased
States more than thirty-fve per sent, and that OF
Upper Canada more than l04 per cent Tue land
even nov occupied In Upper Canada would hold
more tina. eleven times Its present population.
ii 200 OOe nhabtants-t0 be as densely peopled as
ED9S hsa,n 49, ,,.., .....,. ia. .,.. ;.
the agricultural products OF shis fine region OF
country, must greatly stimulate produstion and
rapidly Increase their population.
The population that will now move In TO swell
their numbers 10 the same that, TO great extsnt,
would have moved in TO people our own States-a
valuable class CT hnsban6men ard farm lab ,rers
that We bave yet plenty OF room for. The negotia
ton OF this treaty will ut ones give direction to
emigration TO Canadian object shat tue Eaglish
government has all along sough.-for they have
beheid with Jealousy, especially recently, the vast
accession To cur popu)aeon Of grown up men aud
women. dra sn from taeir laboring classes. What
Inducements have these emgrants now to come
here They twill have our markets to sell In, and
much better ones Of their OWE TO buy iu. Tney will
have as cheap and a. good lands, AM those who
become proprist0rs much cheaper labor; they will
have everything bat our tariff and our taxes, and
those viii be aux liaIy to their SUCCESS for they will
burtnen and cripple those who are to be their com
five call the average production OF wheat in Ca
NADIA but thirteen bushc!s to the ret Is stated at
sixteen IN Upper Canada, where muca the largest
breadth IL sown-tatir crop in 1862 must have
amounted TO IA 672 043 bushels. II 10 asserted that
their cp OF 1854 will enable them export twelve
millions Of bushels, which Ia about the annual
average Of our own ex yorts to oil ne ~ord In wheat
ind hour for the last years. exclusive OF the last
year, and exclusive Of the year ls47, the year
OF the Irish famine, when our exports rose to
twenty i've millions II Ia above the average Of
our annual exports. This Ia tie formidable
rival that our wheat growers have to enter
common market with, the American pro
Queer paying thirty per cent duty under 4 tariff
protecting our manufac .urers, and which Of the
same time was ptofessedly - protect bus Own nome
market. Still farther taxed In being compelled -
shp his coastwise freight in Amsr,cso bottoms,
he enters his own gram markets 10 De uadersold By
the untsxed colonists OF Great Britain.
Wheel IL but one OF their crest staples. Ia refer
ence 70 barley, they have 80 mu,h the advantage OF
US in soil and climate, (;oeir climate being partcu-
larry adapted to its growth as its high average OF
twenty. one bushels 10 the acre shows,) that they
must soon get an entire monopoly Of this valuable
cereal.
Their new grain markets will stimulate che pro.
dnct,oD Of barley in Lover Canada TO as great an
extent as the production OF whest Hi be Increased
in the Upper Provincs. Their cat crop averaging
twenty four bu hels TO the acre already amouns 10
twenty three millions OF bushels; aud 1t IA only
OF Canada we row speaking. There are four
otner Provinces -Ne. Brunszick, Nova Scotia
Newfoundland, and Price Edward lsland--en.
braceo IN the treaty aud though not ~ favor
ably situated for agriculture, are more likely
70 make their Contributions from their Tor.
rtsis and tntir mines, for most part; sin therc
Is ote esculent, tbs potato, which az has
been truly raid, may be reyaroed little less TN
poriant in our oao n.tionst economy tnan maze
wheat and Iice," that they are likely, particularly
Nova ota, TO send Us ip large qu antilles, may
drive the farmer OF New EagIa 1, as weli those
Of New York, New Jersey, All Psasyv .nia, %
great exttnt from thu Ata1tiC 4rkess sh ugh tho
cultivation Of th,s valuable os msnt CONS flutes at
pIosent very profitable source Of iac me.
Tee sraZiers aud H'ock breeders ~1li be la like
rn'nter inte fe &c win bs tue norrcs aud cattle
that will be br DRht In, for IL N wen guowa Jass
tbfy much cheaper In TIC Provinces than on t1ls
SIDE Of the lire; and hence are often bought
IN ana shipr ed 10 the West indes the Shipper beng
ent tied 10 su h cassl t. he drawback.
Rot IL is unnecessary g. detail furt Their. The pro
pt stion Is selfevidens, that tue British Provin es
W. their good lanes and che 80 labor-it IL not less
than 40 or so Dor cent chea ian II Is WITH us
almost nisxed 4 their m9uicpal government or
Tor any other object the small revenue duty OF some
eight per cent upon Their imports. together With
the aid they receive in different ways
from the mother country being sufficient %
deftay all expenses; WITH five sixtls Of
their prpnation engaged In agriculture, IL is very
evident tost they Can produce cheaper than the
American asriculturist, and that the Two are une
Y "A
Cause the American gove.pmen. draws from the
psop;e thirty forty millions annually In the shape
of tutes on meIchaudise, large pro ort OF which
falls upon our agricultural producers, q sum not
only Fufhcifnt 10 support an exuavagant govern.
meLt, Ill army and navy, but afIorGDg q sur plus TO
buy up Annually, or bennialy, rs the case may be,
Other States, Territories and countries. Nor - this
The worst feature Of t9is tax II bears upon Our
farmers It enables the American manufacturer 10
BID up for labor 10 oy.rbid the farmer ia short to
imy and command ne iabor oft1e country. the
IA mer N thus faxed twice Hcst in the duties he
paye, and thea the much heavier tax he pays in
baSing armed the manufacture % 20 10 % the mar.
ket aud monopolize TO o great extent the labor d
The country, py bindibg it uD 60 high that the
tanner can only usc ~ II al al e. litited extent,
III then At such exorbltant ,atss Az 10 amount a
bod. go y : - ~ '''-' '''N' ~ '''
But u II true that our farmers under ali the dis
abilities they tase labored, With temporary IL.
erase OF many thousand consumers from receldy
arrived enigrsnts sndte erfnies Of men engaged
under tbe ibLatso ava gigantic system VI railroad
enterprises N which c country has en- msdlg
engaged have not FED tie country well and generally
cheeplyl Great proydsrtisi aiil ctions, drouth,
or great DatoDsl cslamties, ia Ear AZ home or
abroad, that Affect pf ducton affect he prices N
the markets, Temporarily, are contingencies that
are Inevitable and mu-t be snbmtted 70. The coin.
cde' g. OF short crops IN Europe u 1868, that dreY
from markets m one year yards Of thirty mil.
noLs OF bushels q Wteas, followed by snort crop
Of cnr orn The present season, when orr markets
gtfe entirely bare Of the old crop have grcauy al.
ysueed the price u wheat and -four. But take the
average price Of SEeat FOR tbs vt Dali century,
atd it does lot exceed 81 - cents bushels. Take
II Ter the last quarter OF century and its little II
any exceeds one dolla.. Bur upod thfee occaEofs
during That time has II been hgl a. tFo dolls 70,
and much oftbe time below oGe,
Only thTee years ago, In 1861, the writer o. this
foid beautiful crop Of Tbeas 10 an Atsntic market