davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The daily Minnesota pioneer. [volume] (St. Paul, Minn.) 1854-1855, 1855-05-26
MARLEY & KERN,

DEALERS IN HARDWARE, TOOLS AND CUTLERY
I'm st. Anthony st., near the American House.
MOULD call the attention of the citizens of St. Paul
and vicinity to their new, large and we'll assorted
stock of HOUSE FURNITURE
Such Nails Locks in all their variety Wrought cast
Parliament and strop hinges Bolts, shutters Fasteners
brads Locks Latches Bell pulls Rappers
MECHANICS TOOLS.
Hand, Buck, mill, x, Back and Rip saws Hatchets, AK.
es broad and pitching Adze spoke shave drawing knives
Firmer socket turning pairing Chsels Augurs braces
Trowels Jack, smoothing and Fine Planes Pow and bead
Guages boring machines Hachets Hammers Flat round
and saw Files, two and four fold Rules.
AGRICULTURAL IMPLEMENTS.
Forks Rakes Scythes scythe snahs Hoes curry combs
Trace back Breast Timber and Lock Chains Grub Hoes
and Picks.
HOUSE FURNISHING.
TIays Looking Glasses Knives and Forks spoons: fine
assortment of silver plated Britannia and Japan Ware
Boilers, Kettles Fire dogs, Shoves and Lounges Wae
Irons Coffee Burners, Patent enameled Iron Kettles La
dies, Swimmers, gridirons, Coffee mills Flat Irons Butch
er, Cook and Carving knives.
They have also fine assortment of Saddlery Trimmings
strrup Bits Buckets with Chain Pumps, door scrapers
Corn Mills Patent Balances and Counter Scales.
St. Paul, May 10lS54 wifi
The daily Minnesota pioneer. [volume] (St. Paul, Minn.) 1854-1855, 1855-05-26
y; EST RE MICHAN Nd

SUCCESSOR TO ALEX. REY, DESIRES TO SAY
TO THE CITIZENS OF MINNESOTA
NAT, having this day purchased from Alexander Rey
IL the entire stock of
GROCERIES, PROVISIONS FAMILY SUPPLIES
AT his Old and popular store Roberts street respect
ully invite continuance of the liberal patronage hereto
lore so partially bestowed by the public upon the esa
ishment and pledge myself to my utmost exertons
to maintain and deserve these avOrs have purcha ed
the above stock at the lowest cash prices besides
ing the choicest articles Of description in my line
promise to afford my goods to purchasers
CHEAPER FOR CASH
Than can be found elsewhere in this city an Please
call and examine my stock.
Oct 19, 1854 octl9w1v
The daily Minnesota pioneer. [volume] (St. Paul, Minn.) 1854-1855, 1855-05-26
TO THE GENTS.

MO excuse for bald heads now We have been ap-
IN pointed the wholesale and retail agents, of the
Territory, for Professor o. Woods great and unr
vailed Hair Restorative We offer it in all confidence
1t has and will produce good and perfect crop of the
finest hair. Call and the proof, at
BOND & KELLOGG'S
City Drug Store, st. Anthony ST., upper St Paul
The daily Minnesota pioneer. [volume] (St. Paul, Minn.) 1854-1855, 1855-05-26
ARSENAL. GETZ & CO.,

n "a
Dealers il, all kinds Of
CANcY GOODS, Toys, Jewelry, Musical Insru
Fishing Taeke %ow W %aer spo1es
Also all kinds of Fruit, Nuts, Fancy Candies, and
.f.f,,. BEST IMPORTED CIGARS.
All orders from abroad promptly attended to.
B. .- LOO .-r. ARSENAL, GETZ CO,
March 10-lyt Third street, next doorto Presley.
'-- SAN FIsANClSCD CITY.
NHis new city, situated on the Rapids Of the ST Pc
tiers or Minnesota river at the head of navigation
and accessible to steamboats, from below all
IS rapidly filling up with emigrants, and offers in
and c"mmodons hotel saw min. and n"mSer y
buildings have been erected. Many others are going
up as fast materials be procured.
The steamer Black Hawk plies regularly San Fran
cisco, and the rates OF transportation are cheap
Those who are seeking new home should look at
San Francisco, and consider its atural advantages
point where the business of great range Of interior
. country must inevitably CENTRE
San Francisco, May 4, 1855. If
ATTENTION THE WHOLE!
NNIM. b. McGROARTY is receiving immense
stock Of groceries and provisions at his store
of ih and Roberts streets where he is an xous In receive
calls from his old friends and many may
be pleased drop in His goods having been purchase
tor CASH, he is enabled to sell at as low rates
qualify and pronounced by all who have tried them
Give him . call, end get the worth of your money.
st. Paul, Nov: 2, 1854 ly
*HAIIKLEY IL KERN,
IAVE received their fall and winter stock of Hare
IL ware, Tools Cutlery, Plated Ware Saddery, Whips
Churns, Can shelfes Straw Cutters, and all kinds
House Furniture and Furnishing Goods
g No. Empire Block below the American House.
st Paul. Sept %. 1854. sept25tf
BOSTON BOOT d SHOE STORE.
h. W. MORSE x Co, Wholesale and Retail Dealers
Boots and Shoes, Third street, near Cedar, ST. Paul
Jan 3. q d&wtf
:, -. .-.--is SWEET CIDER.
1--WE BARRELS Sweet Cider, extra article, just
Il ceived and for sale cheap by Alley REY
Dec ,lS54-dlw
(RANDl for sale, by the pint or barrel, by
- Nov. 2 1854 DIFF W. B. MCaiROARTY.
zee PLOWS! PI4OWS!
VWENTYFOUR TWO-IIORSE PI OWS for sale by
II March 1-dtf ALEX REY.
"HlSkEY by the pinto" BARREL for sale by
w Nov. ., 1S54dtf W. b MOiROARTY.
(NIN, by the pint o barrel for sale by
VI Nov. 2, 1S54dtf w. b. MOGROARTY.
The daily Minnesota pioneer. [volume] (St. Paul, Minn.) 1854-1855, 1855-05-26

MONONGAEIELA WHISKEY.
old enough to stand on its merits and speak for
" itself. Good for medicine and for favorng the
culinary departments of the Household At
BOND KELLOGG's,
Old Brown Drug Store, st. Anthony street.
VERY OLD PORT WINE.
w ARRANTED pure juice, rich and oily free from
W logwo0d and all drugs By the bottle or gallon at
WE SPEAK FIRST TO THE LADIES.
A ND have to offer them a very fine assortment OF
n Jules Hauels and Bazn's Perfumery, selecte by
'ons of us,' especially for this market. All fresh
nov Is BOND + KELLOGG.
BY ROYAL LETTERS PATENT
9r THE CHEST. 16a
SIR ASHLEY COOPER. Bart, NJ. D., the eminent
- Medical Practitioner, has left valuable legacy to
the world in his GREAT PREVENTATIVE OF CON
MoNARY DISEASES Mitho out the use Of medicine.
Sir A. c Bart invented and advised the of the
Medicated Fur Chest Protector.
We have been appointed by Messrs. Harcourt, Brad
ley Co. OfNew York, the wholesale and retail agents
for the Territory of Minnesota for these useful health
full and we may say invaluable, articles. These Pro-
ectOrs of European manufacture, and being
introduced into the United States by Messrs. HarcOur
Bradley Co., on the most liberal and most extensive
scale of advertising adopted in this country. In
this cold climate they will prove desideratum Cali
# you please on BOND 4 KELLOGG,
MOVES Wholesale and retail agents for the Territory.
GORDON SHERRY,
ND South Side Madeira Wine Holland Gin Jamaica
"A Rum and Scheidam Schnapps, all warranted pure
saery family wants. We have cheaper qualities if de-
erred. Call Immediately
sep26-dwtf BOND Il KELLOGG, Upper Town
TWELVE THOUSAND COPIES ALREADY sol.
"MrNNEsorA AND Or ITS RESOURCES"
A WORK of 400 pass J. handsomely bound and Illus
IA trated, to which is added
CAMP FIRE SKETCHES;
- j. w. BOND.
The 4h edition enlarged and improved, up the pre-
sent spring. has just been published in New York, and
the work. is still selling rapidly all over the Union
For sale at BOND r KELLOGG'S,
City Drug Store.
st. Anthony street, Upper st. Paul; and all the
Bookstores andon board all the upper Mississippi
ers,
ALsO-at the office of the NORTHWESTERN Democrat,
ST. Anthony; by John H. Stevens, Minneapolis; Col.
o. IL. Kelley Itasca; jeremiah Russell Sank Rapids;
J: w. Lynde, Fort Ripley; N. Myrick, Traverse DIES
Sioux; Dr. Ripley, ShakOpee; T. M. Fullerton, Esq,
Land Office saltwater; DIR. Otis HOyt, Hudson, Wis;
Wesley Wethern, Esq, Prescott, Wis; judd Walker
& Co., Marine Mills, and W. ii. c. Folsom, Tay lor's
Falls. Stiff
ATTENTION FARMERS.
IL ILL the varnlint. We usual death on
nine, just the quantity you want bottles also rat
and mice exterminators, chemical preparation, supe
rOr to and more safe than arsenic. Cali on
BOND + KELLOGG
nov2e Upper Town.
TO THE GENTS.
MO excuse for bald heads now We have been ap-
IN pointed the wholesale and retail agents, of the
Territory, for Professor o. j. Woods great and unrI-
vailed Hair Restorative. We offer it in all confidence.
1t has and will produce good and perfect crop of the
finest hair Call and see the proof, at
L.
The daily Minnesota pioneer. [volume] (St. Paul, Minn.) 1854-1855, 1855-05-26


W. L. F. GAGE & CO,
Ware Room, No. 81 Main Street, st. Louis, No.,
MANUFACTURES of every description of Extra
4l Cast Steel Mill, Circular, Pit, Muley, Cross Cut,
FOlloe, Hand and Panel Saws Saw Handles Upsets and
Cold Chisels Trunk Springs, Knives, Reaper sckles,
Springs etc. -
Old saws repaired and made as good new at small
cost.
The undersigned have made such Improvements an :
arrived at such perfection in the temperng and grnc
procure the best quality of STEEL that they assert
without fear of contradiction, that their stock of
on hand and now being manufactured, are and will be,
not only equal to but superior to any made in or
brought to this market. .~ =.
Every Saw sold under their guarantee will be mad .
March 2O-daw yr w. L. +. GAGE co.
SCARRITT a. MASON'S
MAMMOTH FURNITURE HALLS,
No GO Washington Arenue Louis. NO. -,
nUR EXTENSIVE ESTABLISHMENT is SO well
u known that it is scarcely necessary to do more in
an advertisement than to assure our friends and the
public that have been eminently successful in getting
up a splennid assortment of FURNITURE for the
Fall Trade the most superior in style and quality and
particularly suited large and varied demand both
at wholesale and retail.
An examination of our stock will show it to be com
posed, both of home and foreign manufacture having
every advantage to be gained in either including the
neat and substantial medium as well as the rich AMI
expensive.
Chairs from so cents to $50 Bedsteds from 50 so to
500; Tables from 81 SO to $50 Bureaus from $40 e.
500, and so on in almost endless variety.
Besides have Spring, Hair, Cotton, Moss and Shuck
Mattresses and all kinds of bedding.
We furnish kitchen, bedroom, parlOr, hotel or
steamboat, in part throughout, odd or to MATCH in
oak cherry, walnut, mahogany or rosewood In Short
call and see.
sepl5d&wtf SCARRITT & MASON.
The daily Minnesota pioneer. [volume] (St. Paul, Minn.) 1854-1855, 1855-05-26

Ale & Porter Depot.
DAVID H. EVANS,
-. Importer and Wholesale Dealer in Ale Porter,
0EtR Malt, Hops, Wines and Liquors-NOs. 2O9 and
211 North Main street. st LOus, has in store
and to arrive the following, which he offers to
the II ple at the lowest market rates
5000 barrels Dayton Ale,
5000 do Cincinnati do,
$500 do Pittsburgh do,
500 do Xxx do do,
1000 do Wheeling do
1000 do xxx Kennetdo ..s..t
It's Inf do do do do,
1000 do Philadelphia do
500 do do Porter,
500 do Pittsburgh do,
500 do Cincinnati do,
$50 casks Philadelphia Brown Stout,
$50 do LONDON sn do do do, quarts,
,a 5S DO DO vs do ID. do do, pnts,
100 do Tennent's do do do do,
600 gross porter bottles Eng. and Am manufactured
10 do Prime New York Hops
5000 bushels prime Barley Malt ~
6000 ale barrels, wood and iron bound,
$50 barrels Cider, superior quality
WINES AND LIQUORS.
Is half pipes Cognac brandy, ..*
80 quarter pipes Cognac brandy,
Is quarter pipes A Selgnette brandy,
10 quarter pipes St Paul brandy,
900 barrels American brandy,
so barrels New York fourth proof brandy,
100 barrels Monongahela whisky,
20 barrels Bourbon whisky,
30 barrels Rye, ten years old,
4 pipes Holland Gin,
so barrels New York gin
100 barrel. Pixies Magnolia whisky,
Is casks Port wine,
10 casks Madeira Wine
u casks Caret Wine, -
SO casks Sweet Malaga. -.
d. II. EVANS, Nos. 2O9 oil Main ST.,
March 17-1md&w ST. Louis, Mo.
The daily Minnesota pioneer. [volume] (St. Paul, Minn.) 1854-1855, 1855-05-26
British Periodicals,

EARLY COPIES SECURED.
PREMIUMS TO NEW SUBSCRIBERS: ;.
LEONARD SCOTT + CO., New York continue to re-
publish the following British Periodicals, viz:
THE LONDON aUARrERiy (conserva,ive).
THE EDINBURGH REVIEW i: mhis,.
THE NORTH BRITTLE REVIEW Free Church,.
THE WESTMINSTER REVIEW (LiDsrAp.
BLACKwOODs' EDINBURGH MAGAZINE CTory).
The present critical of European affairs will
der these publications unusually interesting during the
forthcoming year. They will occupy middle ground
between the hastily written news-tems, crude specua-
tions, and flying rumOps of the daily Journal and the
pOnderous Tome Of the future historian written after
the living interest and excitement of great political
events of the time shall have passed away. 1t is to
these Periodicals that readers Look for the only
really ineligible and reliable history of events
and such in addition their well-estabshed ltera-
ry, scientific, and theological character urge them
upon the consideration of the reading public.
u Arrangements are now permanently made for the
receipt Of Early Sheets from the British publishers by
which we enabled to place all Reprints in the
hands OF subscribers about they be fur
nshed with the foreign copies Although this involves
very large outlay part shall continued fur
nish the Periodicals at the same low hereto
lore, together with the following premiums sub
scribers
TERMS AND PREMIUMS
Co 7 stofD d., cyyoI,,., ALL
The daily Minnesota pioneer. [volume] (St. Paul, Minn.) 1854-1855, 1855-05-26
A. Ii. MOSLEY,

b.. =. t.- MANUFACTURES AND DEALER IN, .-.....
ALL KINDS OF HATS, CAPS, FURSSAND GLOVES,
n Third Street, opposite the MinnesOtiaH Office.
A IL NJ has hand, in addition TO a full stock OF
IA the articles above enumerated, large assortment
of INDIAN CURIOSITIES,
Aud Gentlemen's Furnishing Goods. He would also in
form the Ladies and Gentlemen of Minnesota that he is
prepared rake up all descriptions of Fancy Fsrs
dies Riding Hats, aud Gloves, at the shortest notice
The highest market price will b. paid for FurS and
Deer Skins.
I June 81, "a div.
The daily Minnesota pioneer. [volume] (St. Paul, Minn.) 1854-1855, 1855-05-26
st. lDaal aab'ts.
FALL AND WINTER TRADE.

FALL AND WINTER TRADE
INCREASED FACILITIES X NEW ARRANGEMENTS
WOODWARD, thankful for pas. patronage, re-
= specially Informs the citizens Of st. Paul and vi.
entity that he has just received large from the
principal Eastern and Southern cities, his stock of
Gentlemens Furnishing Goods all of which he is pre-
pared TO manufacture order the shortest notice
and on terms which cannot fail be pronounced liberal
and satisfactory To those who judges of a good
article he pledges himself to give the entire salts
action; and in this connection he would enumerate a
few of the articles that he has hand
Cassimeres, plain and fancy.
Broadcloths, French and American.
Silks, Satins, and Velvets.
Nggerhead, Mohair, and Beaver Cloths.
Sattinetts, fancy and plain.
fogefher with a most complete assortment Of Trim
mings of every conceivable quality and description
Also, fine assortment Of Boys and Gents Clothing
from overcoats down TO pair Of hose.
To the trade Ofsurroundng towns, Mr.. w. would say
that he s at all times prepared fill all orders in the
way of Trimmings and piece Goods, Wholesale that
his customers may desire and on the most accommo
dating terms. t,ti'
Remember the place, side, st. Anthony street
between the Americ an and WinsOw Hotels ST. Paul
Minnesota, where by calling, gentlemen can be fitted oui
at short notice. with neat fashionable and durable gar
mens This, from his long experience in the business
Mr. w. has no hesitation in promising Call and give
him trial. st. Paul, Nov. IL diff
The daily Minnesota pioneer. [volume] (St. Paul, Minn.) 1854-1855, 1855-05-26

Eastern do
Eagle do
Pioneer do
Alright do
Uncle Sam, do
Orders in my line will be promptly attended to.
El. n. b am now selling off stock of Parlor
those wishing to buy to call soon. JOSEPH BERGFELD
Feb. 3, 1853. feb3d&wtf
BELLS! BELLS! BELLS!
LNOR Churches, Academies, Factories, steamboats,,
u Plantations, etc., made by the subscribers, and
large assortment kept constantly on hand, mounted
ached plate permits the Bell, without taking from
the YOKE to be turned its vertical any distance
however small completely round, thus essenng the
danger of fracture from repeated blows of the Capper
in one place. The Yoke also combines the able
arm by which the Bell may be raised lowered in its
bearing if desired, thus increasing diminishing the
force Of blow The adaptation of Iron Cases
Tin which they mount all szes) increases their work
ing which improvements, with those Of 80 years during
which the establishment has been in operation, have
gained for their Bells unequalled celebrity for volume
of sound and quality of tone, and for which they
Worlds Fair, many of this country and Europe being
competition and which is the 18th Medal they have
received Being located the junction Of Railroad
Canal and RIVER routes they ship any direction
circular. Address A. MENEELY'S SONS.
West Troy, Albany Co., New York. novlP54d&wly
HOLLAND L HUNT,
ATTORNEYS AND COUNSELLORS AT LAW Shakopee
Z Mimi. Terri, and Chaska MINI. TER. Will attend
promptly to all business entrusted TO their charge in
the different Courts of the Territory and particularly
in the Courts of the Counties in the Minnesota valley
Examinations in reference titles to lands made free
of charge.
mo NJ. HOLLAND THOMAS HsNr
Shakopee Chaska,
.s.5 'e MINI noT TerT Jan sodiy Mimi TER.
The daily Minnesota pioneer. [volume] (St. Paul, Minn.) 1854-1855, 1855-05-26
st. 4atJI Ao0'ts.

~ sTHE FAVORTTE
OLD BROWN DRUG STORE!!!
rs once more replepisheda from It's lower depths be
low the hill to its topmost heights on ST. Anthem!
street, or in other words from spit DOME" with TIL
largest choicest and most complete assortment of
erything ever kept in first class .
""CITY DRUG STORE :"
CIGARS, CIGARS, CIGARS!
I $4,000 Cigars, among which will be found the Els
pOsocion, superb article, dark rich and delectabl
the choicest article for its aroma and flavor there
in the market Espaniolas, splendid article Sulta
mas La Flora de LOndres, Cabanas, Regaiias Habana
Mlieras, and twenty other choice brands which only
need to be "pufed" by those who know how to smok,
in order to gather cloud of praise. Call at
moves -.... - BOND L. KELLOGG.
NOTICE.
" all the banks being down, Putty has finally riz
this institution. MOVES BOND 4 KELLOGG.
THE HYDROMAGEN,
Or WATERPROOF, Anti-COnsumptve Cork SOles.
MANUFACTURED by HARCOURT, BRADLEY
WI Co., A Market street, Manchester. Principa
warehouse, log Wood street, Cheapside London, Eng
land American establishments IS Ann street and 10
Nassau street, New York.
We also are the wholesale and retail agents for thu
Territory, for the above invaluable article For rthe
tisements the Daily Pioneer Times and Min
nesOtian also the handbs, posters show cards. pam
ed through this city. moves BOND d. KELLOGG.
ELEGANT, DELICIOUS AND SUPERB !!
NIEh have a pipe OF very DID, soft and oily Pale Otart
w Dupuy. The best that money procure in tn,
United States and of course the best imported int
Minnesota. So say all the Doctors and BonS Vcdns
the city. All persons desiring perfectly pure French
article for medicinal purposes, had best call
BOND 4 KELLOGG'S,
City Drug Store, Upper Town.
The daily Minnesota pioneer. [volume] (St. Paul, Minn.) 1854-1855, 1855-05-26
TERMS AND PREMIUMS.
See List Of PremiumVolumes below.l

Per ann.
For any one of the four Reviews and one premi-
um volume, 50 90
For any Reviews and PREM VOL, 90 .
For any any three 6 700
For all Of Reviews SO8
For Blackw8Od's Magazine and one prem. vol. 90
For Blackwood and 3Reviews r. 3 800
For 10 90
Payments to be made in all cases in advance. Mo
ney current in the State where issued will
be received at par.
The Premiums consist of the following works, back
volumes of which will be given subscribers &C.
cordng to the number of periodicals ordered above
explained
The daily Minnesota pioneer. [volume] (St. Paul, Minn.) 1854-1855, 1855-05-26
Galena PIANO FORTE WAREROOM.
NEW ESTABLISHMENTS.

IOSEPH BERGFELD respectfully informs the citizens
q of st. Paul and vicinity, that he has recently pur
chased the stock in trade OF j. H. Byers and having
large additions thereto is prepared stoves tin
ware and copper either at wholesale retail and
invites the attention of those wishing purchase
wholesale to his stock before buying elsewhere Among
his stoves are the following patterns
Charter Oak,
Empire State,
Black Warrior,
Black Diamond,
Union Air tight,
American Air tight
Albion Air tight,
Western Queen,
NJ rning Star,
Prize Premium,
California, do
The daily Minnesota pioneer. [volume] (St. Paul, Minn.) 1854-1855, 1855-05-26

NEAR the Halfway House, between st. Paul and
IN St. Anthony. We have the pleasure of offering to
he public the coming spring, choice lot OF Fruit and
Ornamental Trees, Shrubs, Roses, Dahhas, &c. Also
Garden and Flower seeds in large small quantities
Feb. 8, 1s55-wly M. FORD e. CO.
Demoine courier., 1855-09-13

year 10 year; il is now Q rare thing 10
find any. save them, dry them. when
they are fully ripe; carefully plant them
in the sprI,g, and in three years you viii
have, by explaining from year TO year. a
healthy production of every variety OF
potatoes, do try the experiment, farmers.
or farmers wives, or else you will IN a
few years, run out of potatoes entirely.
A lady OF prsc,ical experience may
here relate wka, she knowr, 10 enforce
this recommendation. Some fifty years
ago, my mother saved the seeds Of the
pota,oe, dried them and sowed Them in
the spring in a bed, Ia the fall there wos
every variety Of potatoes. some as large
as eggs. some smaller. the curiosity was.
SO many different / 'Rds, all thnse differ.
en-, varieties, were planted and all pro.
ducet their " peculiar specie, cf the
richest hes. improved kind. Thoss an
cient practical farmers OF old Virgins,
SO or more years ago continued propo.
gazing potatoes from those. until they
again began II decline. And they again
lesor,ed 10 the same careful, economical
process, Of restoring their diseased 2otas
toes to a healthy ae.,e.
We purpose through the farmers paper
designed for central and and western
Iowa. giving our readers own experience
on this subject, including facts connected
with Mary land, Michigan. Penasy l%eania,
Ohio, aud Iowa. Atieu. More anon.
Centre Up. Sep 5td, 1855.
BOWEN.
Demoine courier., 1855-09-13
8ates of a1bertisine.

where they burned Bibles. they murder
ed hereiics, hey set The law OF the land
al teeance. and would obey on Law bus
the law Of The Church" Thie is nv
crime! This my only crime. And for
this am called q slave. ~ cophans and
a5jec,. md by whom! An American
Protestant. A man whose ancestors
periied all for 'freedom 10 worship God"
How long will that freedom last. when
Popery becomes numerically. supsemei
Not an hour. How often would you,
in Florence, visi, The Methodist Chapel.
il the Pipe could preveni-nnd he is on
iy waiting numerical strength. All, sir
there would be no chapel ihere-the
,hunders Of the Vatican would RAGE il
''from turret 10 foundation stone" Just 90
soon as il had subjects enough to carry
oui its own behes,s.