davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Spirit of the age. [volume] (Raleigh, N.C.) 1849-1865, 1855-09-19

tract; but water, unlike other fluids, er-
pands aohen cooled beIoao q certain point.
Other fluids diminish in bulk till they
freeze; but if We fill large thermometer
tube with water, of the temperature say
OF 500, and then plunge the bulb into a
freezing mixture of snow and salt, the
water goes on contracting, till it has at
tanned the temperature of about 400; and
then instead of continuing to contract till
1t freezes, Gas in the case with other liquids)
it slowly expands and rises in the tube un-
J til it solidifes or becomes. ice This ano-s
malous expansion Of water by cold, is pro-
ductive of important consequences in ma
ture; for if water, like other fluids, went
on diminishing in bulk, and therefore in
creasingin density till it froze, large bodies
of water, instead Of being only frozen on
the surface in winter, would become solid
masses of ice. Let us take fresh water lake,
as an example. The earth being warmer
in winter than the air, the heat is with
drawn from the surface of the water by
the cold breezes that blow over it, and the
whole body of the lake has its temperature
lowered to 400, which IS the point of ITS
greatest density, and temperature congo
NAL to fish and other aquatic animals
The cold now continues to operate on the
surface of the lake, but the water instead
of diminishing in bulk and becoming heay-
Ter than the warmer water beneath, ex-
pands and becomes lighter, so that under
these circumstances a stratum of ice cold
water will be found lying upon mass of
warmer water beneath it. The influence
of the cold continuing, the surface of the
lake will soon Freeze but the water imme-
diately below this coating of ice, will be
found to be comparatively warm, and as
water is a non-conductor of heat, it will
be long time before the ice attains to any
thickness and the whole body of the wa
ter, if of any depth, will never entirely be
frozen This is the reason why ice is only
formed on the surface of the water, and il
beautifully shows forth the goodness OF
our Creator in thus attending to the com
forts of the inferior animals, for if this
law did not exist, all animated creatures oil
the waters and plants of the deep, would
be destroyed by the mass Of ice during the
cold of winter. From study Of such truths
as this, we'll may we with the poet ex
claim
Being above all beings, mighty one!
Whom none can comprehend and none explore
Who illst existence with thyself alone,
Embracing all-supporting ruling Ger
Being whom we call God, and know no more
The subject of hydrogen and its com
pounds will be continued in next article
Spirit of the age. [volume] (Raleigh, N.C.) 1849-1865, 1855-09-19

course pursued, because you are now at
an age when persons can correctly judge Of
such matters. A person should be sure
they are right, before taking any important
step--by SO doing, they will never have
cause to regret any undertaking impulse,
Lou, does good deal of mischief in this
world, but good sound, mature reflection ID
sure to lead us right.
Spirit of the age. [volume] (Raleigh, N.C.) 1849-1865, 1855-09-19
For the Spirit of the Age.
LIST OF PREMIUMS

To be oooarded at the UNION AGRICULTURAL
FAIR, to be held IN Henderson, N. c., on the
| 10th, 1lM and 18th October, 1855.
Spirit of the age. [volume] (Raleigh, N.C.) 1849-1865, 1855-09-19

Love is the weapon which Omnipotence
reserved to conquer rebel man, when all
the rest have failed. Reason he parties ];
fear he answers blow for blow; future in
terest he meets with present pleasure, but
love, that sun against whose melting beams
winter cannot stand-that soft subduing
slumber which wrestles down the giant,
there is not one human being in million
whose clay heart is hardened against love
Spirit of the age. [volume] (Raleigh, N.C.) 1849-1865, 1855-09-19
Branch 2d.-Agriculture.

Certificates to accompany these products,
stating their yield per acre.
Vegetables of extra quality will each re-
ceive fifty cents premium.
For the largest average products per acre
throughout the entire crop of wheat, corn,
tobacco, oats and cotton, each, 50 & A or G.
SECOND CLASS.-FooD, CONDIMENTS, &c. !,
For the hest samn1a nickled hnaf S1
Spirit of the age. [volume] (Raleigh, N.C.) 1849-1865, 1855-09-19
THIRD CLASS.-HoRr1cuLrURE.

#For the I'd and Sd best Brood Mares, lst and
End Diptomas-and of all similar animals or
articles, under their respective heads.
Spirit of the age. [volume] (Raleigh, N.C.) 1849-1865, 1855-09-19
pair CATERS

Paintings, drawings, &c. will receive dis
cretionary premiums: and other articles
omitted in the list, under the various heads,
will be awarded premiums in proportion to
those named. Diplomas will also be given
for meritorious articles, at the discretion of
the judges.
Spirit of the age. [volume] (Raleigh, N.C.) 1849-1865, 1855-09-19

Largest variety fruits exhibited by
one person, l & A or G
FRUIT TREES.
For best variety apple trees 81
do do pear do
do do peach do /
do do strawberry and raspberry
vines
the largest variety fruit trees exhib
tied by one person $2 & A or G
Litchfield enquirer. [volume] (Litchfield, Conn.) 1829-current, 1855-01-04

The Atlantic reached New York en-
Sunday, bringing adyices to the 10th ult
There is little news from the war.
The Allies fad tia. they car do nothing
with their heavy hai,erins rams, on ac-
count OF the breaches being filled with
water .-..
Omar Pacha, q: the last adviccs, was a;
Annappa, emharaing with 1900 troops
for the Csi!nea,
The English Parliament was duly cpen-
ed en- the appoi",ed day. The Queens
speech is almost wholly occupied with the
war, and speaks admiringly Of the allied
troops in tie Crimea. The Queen saws
that treaty has been concluded with Aus
,r'a, which calls for large reinforcement OF
troops. She also says tina, an important
treaty has been concluded With the United
States. settling numerous qacs,iens Of
great interest. and which had long been
unsettled. Tie Queea's address had no
qno,able elire, upon The funds.
4 private letter says that tho ratification
of the treaty with Austria was exchanged at
Vienna on the 18th.
IL the negotiations now pending do not
produce peace, Russia will call out million
u men to take the field as early as possible.
cheri6 Pacha is appointed Turkish Min
'sser 6 Einen-s.
Litchfield enquirer. [volume] (Litchfield, Conn.) 1829-current, 1855-01-04
MURDER AT HAUGATCc.

A horrible tragedy was enacted at Nau-
gatuck on Friday morning. The wife Of
Henry Sears was sleeping, with child
about year old, on the frs. floor of their
house, when she was awakened by man
breaking into the window-and before she
could give an alarm,.he reached the bedside
and dealt her blow on tho head which rem
dered her senseless. He then killed the
child, by cutting its throat from ear to ear
A bureau in the room was broken open and
robbed Of $500 in bills.
The entrance was doubtless made for rob-
berry, and the child killed to secure its ST.
lence a.d prevent alarm. Mr.. Sears slept
in another par: of the house, and knew moth
ing Of the affair until it was all over. Tie
murderer has no, been arpreheaded, and the
Governor otiers S,00 for his arrest.
Litchfield enquirer. [volume] (Litchfield, Conn.) 1829-current, 1855-01-04
OAK HAIL.

This is one of the permanent institutions
of New England, and its fame has spread
to every quarter where good clothing is
worn and appreciated. 1t is an indubitable
fact that the wholesale and retail buyer can
make satisfactory purchases at this estab-
lishment, and many country merchants and
others have decided that no better place can
be found, or one in which the public will
receive more honorable treatment. When
ever you visit Boston i. will be worth your
while to look in at Oak Hall, where Mr..
Simmons and his employees will receive and
treat you with the utmost courtesy, whether
you buy goods or not. Notice his prices
advertised in our paper to-day.
Litchfield enquirer. [volume] (Litchfield, Conn.) 1829-current, 1855-01-04

OLx CoNNEcricuT FoREvEa Tho two
hundred and fourth anniversary Of The land
ing Of the Pilgrims a, Plymouth, was cele-
brated at New York On Friday of las, week
the dinner being served up at the As,or
House. Among others the following toas,
was drank:
Jae Connecticut Coloap--l, possessed
the first written Constitution, Organized
Government ever known in the political
history OF the world, its liberties through
Uvefy peril have remained uahToken.
TO which Hon. Mr.. Deming, Mayor Of
Hartford, who was present, responded in his
usual felicitous vein. In conclusion he re,
marked:
In the Revolution, Connccticu. cont.i-
haied one tenth Of her whole population,
men, woaiea and clsildren, aud one Eth ct
her male population 10 the Revolutionary
Army and over the whole sceae OF the war,
there was hardly a spo, en- which Old
Put had not placed his ubiquitous foot,
and his acts We're but the ep,lome of the
Connecticut troops. A, the period of the
outbreak OF the Revolution, Connecticut,
Of the whole thirteen States, had rebel
Governor lold Jonathan Trumbul.,) ffou.
whom the entire Yankee nation takes its
name OF Brother Jonathan. iie concluded
by gising, as sentiment, :. Brother jona-
than, l.l o...y rebel Governor OF the OLD
shilsecn." ILcad appiause.l
Litchfield enquirer. [volume] (Litchfield, Conn.) 1829-current, 1855-01-04

Col. BfsToN.-The Albany Evening
journal, speaking of Col. Benton, conftsses
10 mingled sentiment of regret and shame
that statesman so enlightened, eminent
and upright, should be Withdrawal from the
service Of his country. 1t adds:
:" We can i'll afford to dispense wit, the
experience, independence and integrity of
such men. He is among the last Of ii school
whose high intellectual a,tainmcnts raised
the Senate Of the United States to an emin-
ence equal to the English House of Lords
in Brlton's proudest days. Most of his dis
slnguished colleagues died, IS it was fitting
they should, in their harness. Col. Benton,
after thirty years service in the Senate, in
the fulness of knowledge and the vgor of
manhood, is cut down for being greater and
wiser than the generation which governs
his State.
1t is Notifying to know that Col Ben
toms political sun began to decline, in
Missouri, when its light and heat became
most radiant. When his thoughts and
1sympathies embraced the whole Union,
mrH"e and envy manifested itself at home
md hewas finally sacrificed, first as Senator
md then as Representative, for the nobles,
and most patriotic acts Of his kfe."
Litchfield enquirer. [volume] (Litchfield, Conn.) 1829-current, 1855-01-04
{SaDES-.

An freshman was severely irjarcd on Mon
day morning, by falling through the Rail
road bridge at Wolco,tyille. He was en-
pleyed by the company to pass over that
part of the track and see that it was all
clear; and while discharging his duty
before daylight on that morning, he made
misstep on the bridge, but managed to
sustain himself for while By clinging to
the ;imbers. While in this position his cries
for help were heard, but before assistance
could be rendered, he relaxed his hold and
fell on the ice below, distance Of thirty
feot-breakiag his arm and injuring him in
ternally so severely that his recovery is con-
siisred doubtful,
Litchfield enquirer. [volume] (Litchfield, Conn.) 1829-current, 1855-01-04

HORACE WATERS. the great Music Pub
Usher, Manufacturer, and Dealer in Piano
Fortes, of No. 1893 Broadway, New York,
has sent US the following sheets Of popular
Music, published by him: Patterson Polka,
Bukley's Melodies and The Rush of Wa
tiers.
Mr.. Waters will present as New Years
Gift for 1855 One Dollars worth Of Music,
TO be selected from his extensive and Dc pu-
lar catalogue, to all who purchase of him
the same amount previous to the 18th of
January, and will forward both Gift and
Purchase postpaid. A most liberal offer
One, however, characteristic of the great
Publisher and Dealer, and of which we
would advise our readers by all means to
avail themselves.
Litchfield enquirer. [volume] (Litchfield, Conn.) 1829-current, 1855-01-04
A Spy IN THE CAMp.-TAe following is

A Spy IN THE CAMp.-The following is
written by correspondent, from the scat Of
war to one Of the London Journals:
A man in the uniform of French officer
'sauntered coolly through cur lines &c day,
was civil and polite to all lie met, entered
ia,o conversation with those who were talk
ing about, smoked and chaued and laughed,
aud at last got into sort of discussion re-
specting the strength and weakness of cur
position IN the rear, toward Dalaklava.
Nothing doubling, our officers expressed
their opinions freely--pointad OH, our weak
points, and spoke plainly Of the difficulties
Of our position. At length an officer Of t"c
18th, who had more practiced ear than his
conirade, was struck by the strange accent
aud curious idiom of the soi-disan Ffonca-
nan, which in any one but Frenchman
would have excited no suspicion; but still
he was afraid OF making mistake, and had
no device ready at hand To test the ,rath.
However, he sent OF to Sir Colin Campbell
to say that he suspected there was Russ
ian spy among them. The supposed French
man was not to be caught so easily. His
quick eye detected the dispatch o. the mess
enger, and so he gradually drew of from
our lines toward the valley, bu, in manner
% natural as to perpex those to whom the
officer had communicated his misgivings,
and wheii he had gained a good citing he
qnickened his pace INFO run, and got right
away into the Russian lines, leaving his
late companions gazing open.mousi,ed after
him!
Litchfield enquirer. [volume] (Litchfield, Conn.) 1829-current, 1855-01-04

REcRUlTs FOR TIE ARMy.-In the New
York Sun Of Friday morning. last, we find
The following:
IAN unusual number Of country girls
and young men are coming into the city in
search Ct employment. Applications Of
very respectable number are made each
night at the different station houses, for
lodgings, large proportion of which are
BY individuals from the country. OF course
but few Of them get work. Many of the
young men, however. manage to find situa-
lions in the army. The recruiting officers
are doing better business now than they
have done for years. Hundreds are dali y
enlisting"
Litchfield enquirer. [volume] (Litchfield, Conn.) 1829-current, 1855-01-04

DIsrRusr.-The Providence Jour. thinks
there are signs that the s,ringency is not SO
much for the actual want of money as for
the lack of confidence. Timid people are
boarding specie and timid capitalists are
afraid of securities that must be good. On
account of the want Of confidence, men do
ing large business have been obliged TO
curtail their operations, and many have been
driven into bankruptcy. This has made
matters worse, and capitalists are almost
afraid to trust anybody. After awhile when
confidence shall have been somewhat restor-
ed, business matters will improve.
Litchfield enquirer. [volume] (Litchfield, Conn.) 1829-current, 1855-01-04
COUNTY COURT,

The following Jury cases were disposed
Of last week:
Williams vs.. OdeH.--Verdict for plaintiff
to recover thirty-eight dollars damages and
costs. For plaintiff, Todd and Graves
For defendant, HoIlis,er and Foster.
John Nath VS.. Herman Chapia.--The
plaintiff is German and was employed by
the defendant to manufacture a large guam
tity Of wood into coal, and claimed to have
suffered damages to the amount of $500 by
the neglect OF the defendan. to furnish teams
to take the Goa! from the pits as fast as it
was prepared for delivery. For plaintiff,
Hubbard and Hall. For defendant, Hitch
cock and Bronson.
Litchfield enquirer. [volume] (Litchfield, Conn.) 1829-current, 1855-01-04
The Iifchfieio Eqqaifef.
LITCH FIFE LID:
Thursday Morning. Jan. 4, 1856.
THE CONNECTICUT PRESS.
WarERRugy Dee 6

w ATERRuRy. Dec. 9Th, 1854.
whereas at the semi-annual meeting of the
connecticut Newspaper Asseciat.oI, held at
Norwich. on the 18th day oil October last, in
consequence OF The heavy losses yenriyf by the
news paper press Of this State by bad debts up-
on their subscription books and by irresponsible
transient advertisers IA committee OF cores
prudence was appointed On behalf OF The ASS =
ciation tn coiei by letter with every newsoa-
per publisher in tins State upon the exps dlemey
oi siiau a1eens!y adopting The ca>ii principle by
r'gairn NJ payment IN advance tn all ca.es Of
smbscfip'toHs eTcfpt cHy ti!age subscribers ond
transient aisrrfising"-on and after The frs, OF
January 1855:
And, whereas, in accordance with the said
vote ihs cnnirn:tee OF crrresp ,ndence has for
~arced circulars OF inquiry Ia every newspauer
III he State, irunl most Of whose ErOprietor> r.
pies have been received expressive Of their
r'a iiness 10 enter upon The tro3osed arrange
ment at thu u.n@above specified:
IL therefore devoiyes upon the PresitIen, of
tie As-ocia.ioH 10 promuisate the result o { The
s?mdence held vain The various publishers
through lis COMMITTEES, AMI 10 give n,tce to al
whom 1t may concern that the publishers of The
various nfws3apers IN this State. on aud alter
the tfstoi February, 1855, mutually agrse To ex-
aci upon transient advertisements and all sub
scriptiens expiring at The time and subsequently
except CITY ar villa subscriptions payment
an narance. This obligation does n"t however
Apply to one ur two papers that ask more time
IoT consideration IsrarderG nj tOlD. NewsJa Der
Association. Z. B COOKE, Presilenf.
g. It will be seen by the above notice
that the publishers of this State are about
through with the credit system. Every pa
per in Connecticut, We believe, has now
concluded to adopt the plan of requiring
payment in advance for subscriptions and
transient advertising-and we trust tie ar
rangement will prove satisfactory 10 patrons
and beneficial TO publishers. The trouble
and expense Of collecting newspaper bills
at distance and the losses which must un-
avoidably occur by giving credit, have com
PEELED to the adoption Of this ruIe-the wis
dom of which is apparent to every orr.
The tine Of large portion Of our sub
scribers expires the frs, Of March, and We
hope they will see the necessity of renewing
their subscriptions in season, SO that they
may continue to receive the paper without
interruption.
Litchfield enquirer. [volume] (Litchfield, Conn.) 1829-current, 1855-01-04
LATER FROM cALIFoRNI..

The steamer Daniel Webster arrived in
New Orleans on Saturday, with California
dates to the 9th inst
The steamship Star of the West left San
Juan, on the Esd inst. for New York, with
$50 passengers and 100000 in treasure.
A Russian privateer had arrived at San
Francisco having escaped from the allied
feet.
The q. S. frigate Columbia, with min
lister Wheeler, and Ex-Consul Fabens on
board, had arrived at Greytown, in which
port there were three British men-of-war.
The U. S. steamer Princeton, which was
at Aspinwall. was daily expected at Grey
town. Castillo had been captured on Lake
Nicaragua.
Litchfield enquirer. [volume] (Litchfield, Conn.) 1829-current, 1855-01-04

DEMONSTRATING THE FAcT.-At the Co.
Court in New Haven last week, Jesse w.
Rose was on trial for an assault with intent
to kill, and while Judge Blackman, the
counsel for the prisoner, was examining a
witness to prove the defence, Rose sudden
ly raised his arm, and with a back-handed
blow knocked his own lawyer over. Such
practical demonstration of mental imbeci-
hty was conclusive upon the Court and the
States Aitorney,who Immediately withdrew
the case, and Rose was remanded to Jail, to
be taken care Of as an insane person.
Litchfield enquirer. [volume] (Litchfield, Conn.) 1829-current, 1855-01-04

TIE SrIRiTcaL'sTs.-We have received
pamphlet containing the constitution and
laws of the New England Spiri,ualis,s' As
socia,icn, together with an address to the
people of New England, iavi,iag an inves-
iiga,ion into the claims Of the spiri,ualists.
Among the Vice Presidents, we find the
names of Hon. John S Simmons, formerly
U. s. Senator from Rhode Island, and
Ward Cheney Of Manchester member
81 the last Legislature Of this Safe.
Litchfield enquirer. [volume] (Litchfield, Conn.) 1829-current, 1855-01-04

Loss OF CoNFIDENcE.-Thee editor of the
Nashua Telegraph owns pussy cat, which
in former years has always been extrava-
gantly fond Of oysters. An oyster could
not be cooked in the house without her
knowledge, and she always came in for
share. This season, however, she cannot
be persuaded to eat one. Whether she pos
sesses an intutive knowledge of their un-
wholesomeness, or whether she has not re-
covered from the loss of confidence occa-
stoned by those ridiculous New York re-
ports, her master is utterly at loss to dis
cover.
Litchfield enquirer. [volume] (Litchfield, Conn.) 1829-current, 1855-01-04

TuE NoaMoSs.-Col. Steptoe, Of the U.
S. Army has been appointed Governor of
Utah. The Colonel is now in Utah in COM
mand Of a detachment Of troops. tits tho't
he may have trouble in assuming the reins
of government, and that difficulty may
arise between the polygamists and the Fed
cral Government. Brigham Young has re-
peatedly affirmed that no one bu, himself
shall be Governor of Utah, so long as he
chooses 10 hold the ofice-and on one coca
sion the officers of The z. S. Government
were violently driven on, by his orders.
Litchfield enquirer. [volume] (Litchfield, Conn.) 1829-current, 1855-01-04
"Thc Grcsi Red Dragon"

A book with this euphonious title has
lately been published in Boston, and in
these times Of Catholic excitement, is at
tanning rapid circulation. 1t comprises
a complete history of Popery-giving full
account of all the customs Of the Priests
and Friars, and the Rites and Ceremonies
of the Popsh rciigioa; to which is added
an account Of the inquistion at Goa; the
Inquisition at Macerata; Preservative
against Popery; Summary Of the Roman
Catholic Faith and a number Of authenti-
Gated Damnations and Recommendations
proclaimed by the Pope at sundry times
against well-known European personages.
Also a detailed account of the Roman
Catholic Auricular Confession, comprising
a number of pirate confessions of Young
Women and Of Priests at the point Of
Death; the dcplorable practice Of the
Priests in selling permission to commit
crimes or indulgences of tie most awful
and indicate nature; to which is append
ed List of Prices required foe each sin ;
ex.irpation Of Heretics, and Notes giving a
statement of the Power and Prospects of
the Papal Church in the United States.
LEoNArD D. HosfoRD Of Bantam is can
vassing the County and will furnish the
book at the retail price-$l 2j.
Litchfield enquirer. [volume] (Litchfield, Conn.) 1829-current, 1855-01-04

MARRiAeEs.-The old mode of publishing
intentions of marriage is now done away
with; and under the new act which went
into effect the first instant, persons affected
with desire to enter the matrimonial state
must make application to the Registrar of
Births, and Marriages and Deaths, who will
give them license. C. o. BELDEs, Esq,
fills ihe Office in this town, and we hope his
fees will De neither few nor small.