davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The daily Minnesota pioneer. [volume] (St. Paul, Minn.) 1854-1855, 1855-01-12
LIFEINSURANCE COMPAN'
OF NEW YORK.

MUTAUL LIFEINSURANCE COMPANY
OF NEW YORK,
OFFICE Ill, BROADWAY, TRINITY BUILDING.
NETT ACCUMULATED FUND, FEBRUARY /, 1853
$2,O1S,775 64!!
THIS Company has now established itself on such
l. firm basis, that it offer those desiring
vesment their lives greatest of all desideratums
in life insurance. viz full and perfect security. Its his
tory is almost not quite, without parallel Com:
mencng LIST February, ls43, GO years ago. without
dollar Of capital except its receipts for premiums it has
now an actual cash capital which is 'invesed in Bonds
and Mortgages Real Estate principally in the cities
of New York and Brooklyn, worth double the amount
loaned thereon Of Its receipts pre-
miums during the past five years have been nearly e.
0O0 and for interest investment $3.50 0OO
and has paid policies terminated by death during the
time nearly $500 OO0 Its dividends (after Yeserv
ing fund sufficient rensnre all outstanding polices)
SO the first five years. and 80 Is per cent
the last five, the amount Of premiums paid being an
average of over AZ per cent per for years
These dividends added to the policy their
sonary value, able death with the insur
ed be applied the reduction of future premi
ums, at the option of the insured. The business Of the
Company il conducted strictly the cash plan--nO
credtsand ii il believed to hold out greater induce
ments than any other COMPANY, whatever
Its of premium low as those OF any good
Office and are believed be lower than some who pro-
fess 20 insure from IS to SO per cent less - =
FREDERICK 8. WINSTON, Pres't.
Isaac ABBOTT, Sec'y. '-.'i s''H .F'
Charles Gill, Actuary ' -p''-ii '7'th "A iAi'-
The daily Minnesota pioneer. [volume] (St. Paul, Minn.) 1854-1855, 1855-01-12
ROBERT S. LAVENDER.

1851. FALL CLOTHING 1854.
p. L. II: VAN DEvENTER 4 Co,
Wholesale Clothing store, No. 1872 & 164
Main Street, Saint Louis, MO.
WE are now in receipt Of the largest stock of Men
Goods, India Rubber Goods, &c, g., ever brought to
Saint Louis, which will be offered at the very lowest
prices and on liberal terms.
To cash buyers and prompt men offer great in
ducemcnts.
sep l-wGm PL. VAN DEvENTER T. CO.
REAPERS, MOWERS, &C., FOR 1854.
SAINT LOUIS AGRICULTURAL WAREHOUSE AND
WV; MPLANT CO., sign of the Gilt Plow, No.
w IL North Main street, st. Louis, Me-; also,
corner of Fourth and Green streets; Wholesale and
Retail Dealers in
Garden, Grass, and other Seeds;
Agricultural and Horticultural Machines and Tools in
endless variety.
Descriptive Catalogue furnished gratis to post paid
applicants.
so Riggs Improved Rcapers, sls5
% P Pan do dbe sickle Reaper Mover, 40
100 Ketchum's Improved Mower, 1925
IL Emery's do horse Power Tresher & cleaner $50
100 Emery's do horse Power Thresher and Sep
aratOr, 100
IL Lewis horse power with Tumtling Shift
Thresher, I6O
N. b. Persons wishing any of the above will please
send in their orders early, the number is limited
SO Burrows Portable Grist-mills, horse,
steam Power Sis to 5000
rs Corn and Cob Crushers, Little giant
Nichols, and others, lott IS
800 corn Shelters, horse, steam and hand
1000 Ne Plus Ultra Straw and Hay Cutters, Ito rs
100 HckOck's Portable cider Mills, with
Press, 45to SO
900 Revolving Horse Rakes, Ito Il
1000 plows, Peoria, Jewett, Como, Eagle
and others, 5to 80
IS harrows, Geddes A triangular and others to SO
$50 CutivatOrs, different patterns, 6to SC
1000 Churns thermometer, cylinder Others 75c to Is
ShOvels, Spades, Hoes, Forks, Scythes Axes, Annie
parers, hay Presses, chain and suction Pumps, &c.
Please recOllect the Gilt Plow, No. l2 North Main st
st. Louis, Missouri. AZ 3m
p. CHOUTEAU, JR. JAS. HARRISON. FELIX VALE
IRON MOUNTAIN IRON AND NAILS.
CHOTEAU HARRISON 4 VALE.
UDROPRlETORS of st. LOUIS ROLLING MILLS
Il will keep on hand full supply of merchant bal
ron boiler plate sheet and nails, manufactured
their establishment, from the of the Iron Mountain
and will also keep all other articles usually kept
iron store which they invite the attention of country
merchants.
UWarehouse, No. 1879, Second street, st. Lous-Se
CHAS. w. BORUP,
May 8, 1851-3-tf. Agent at st. Paul.
ROLLIN RENFREW. A. CEOZIE
EAGLE FOUNDRY.
Corner of Main and Biddle Streets, st. Louis, Mo.
The daily Minnesota pioneer. [volume] (St. Paul, Minn.) 1854-1855, 1855-01-12

VIE Manager OF the SAINT FauI Gymhasium takes pleas
Il informing the citizens of ST. Paul and its vcin
ity that he has opened his in the Empire Block for
the reception of gentlemen wishing indulge in the health
restoring exercise afforded by gymnastc sports To all
those suffering from want Of fully developed muscula
structure, gylnnastc exercises peculiarly adapted
restore vigorous and healthy tone to the physically
tem Exercise together with pure air and cold waterju
dciousy used in the prescribed, cannot fail in
making the most weakly strong and robust.
Mr. Manchester has been at considerable expense in
fitting up the purpose above named and hopes
receive share Of public patronage in his line of bust
s. 2. MANCHESTEK, Manager.
St Paul Nov 1S54-dtf
The daily Minnesota pioneer. [volume] (St. Paul, Minn.) 1854-1855, 1855-01-12
8. j. X. MCMILLAN.

s. j. X. MCMILLAN,
ATTORNEY AND COUNSELLOR AT LAW,
w ILL attend promptly and faithfully all business
w entrusted to him in the line of his profession at
saltwater ST. Paul. st. Anthony, and throughout the
Territory of Minnesota, and the adjoining counties
the State of Wisconsin Office, SALTWATER, Min.
His Elk. Alex. Ramsey, Geo. w. Campbell& Co.,
St. Paul. Galena.
DR.. C. W. Borup, 6 Mr. r. Lansing,
Mr.. J. w. Simpson, &C Mr.. s. o. Butler, st. Louis.
Hon. A. w. LOOms, Pttsb'g J. H. Larkin Il Co. g
6 C. Shaler, 6 Sam'l J. Wetherell& Co."
J. r. Moorhead, Esq " Jos. G. Butler d Co. Gin.
G. W. Jackson, Esq. &C Mr.. Jos. p. Beggs, 6
Sam'l G ormly, Esq MIR. O. Walker, Marine Mills
MAJ J. b. Butler, and {" ii. Burke, 6 "
itizens generally, & I" c. J. Butler, 6 "
The daily Minnesota pioneer. [volume] (St. Paul, Minn.) 1854-1855, 1855-01-12
MAkkLEY q KERN,


On st. Anthony st., near the American House.
WOULD call the attention of the citizens of St. Paul
w and vicinity, to their new large and well assorted
stock of HOUSE FURNITURE,
Such Nails Locks in all their variety Wrought cast
Parliament and strop hinges Bolts shutters Fasteners
brads Locks Iatches Bell pulls and door Rappers
MECHANICS TOOLS.
Hand Buck, MILL " Back and Rip saws; Hatchets, az
broad and pitching Adze spoke shaves drawing Knives
Frmer socket turning pairing Chsels Augurs braces
Trowes; Jack smoothing and Fine Panes Pow and bead
Guages boring machines Hatchets Hammers, Fiat round
and saw Files two and four fold Rules.
AGRICULTURAL IMPLEMENTS.
Forks Rakes Scyes, scythe snaths Hoes curry combs
Trace back Breast Timber and Lock Chains Grub Hoes
and Picks
HOUSE FURNISHING.
TIays Looking Glasses Knives and Forks, spoons fine
assortment of silver plated Britania and Japan Ware
Boilers Kettles, re-dogs, Shoves and Lounges, Waffle
Irons Coffee Burners Patent enameled Iron Kettles La
dies Swimmers gridrons, Coffee mills, FlatIrOns Butch
err Cook and Carving knives.
They also fine assortment of Saddery, Trimmings
strrups Bits, Buckets with Chain Pumps, door Scrapers
Corn Mills Patent Balances and Counter Scales.
st. Paul. Nav IS, 1851 w.t.
The daily Minnesota pioneer. [volume] (St. Paul, Minn.) 1854-1855, 1855-01-12

BREWSTER,S ADDITION.
THO those wishing lots for residences this addition pre-
Il scnts great inducements. Terms, one-fourth down,
the balance time suit purchasers. Maps of lots
and prices to be at our office. .-l
NEWELL e. TOMPKINS,
EsfE su Agents for proprietOrs.
On Third st. opposite Mayo Co.
s. Nov. 22-dtf
The daily Minnesota pioneer. [volume] (St. Paul, Minn.) 1854-1855, 1855-01-12
1O-O00 VOT.IINTES

IVSOVV VVAOVH1SS II : y
NOVELS and Cheap Publications, among which can
IN be had all the late issues, at
SEPT Isl .--a-.u COMBS BOOK STORE.
The daily Minnesota pioneer. [volume] (St. Paul, Minn.) 1854-1855, 1855-01-12
st. ZoiIts aDH'tS.
FIELD. REARDSLEE & Co.,
- \ M II - q, NJ ~ ID

DE A LER S n M Il n w Il A Il,
No. 1853 Mdin Street, ST. Louis.
TVAVE now in store a large and complete stock Of
III Wooden, Cotton and Silk Goods, adapted to mems
wear suitable for the Fall and Winter Trade Having
unsurpassed facilities conducting this branch of the
Dry Goods business, we prepared TO compete win
any jObbing house either east or west
we enumerate some of the leading articles, viz
CLOTHS.
Cassimeres, MOhairs, Hollands,
DOeskins, Flushings, Canvas,
Satinets, Pilots, Paddngs,
Tweeds, Kerseys, Wlggans,
Jeans, Wool Innings, Buttons,
Corduroys, Cotton Innings, Servings,
Blankets, Vestings, Threads,
Beavers, Satins Twists,
Dufils Velves, Cords,
Whitneys, Serges, Bindings,
Felts, Alpacas, Buckles,
Petershams, Cambrics, addings,
TricOis Silecias, &c, &c.
Also a complete stock of MEMS FURNISHING
GOODS.
Merchants Clothiers and Taylors, visiting the city
for the purpose Of buying goods in this line, WILL
confidently believe find it greatly their interests to
examine our stock before making their selections. All
orders will receive prompt attention
sep 7-d&w2m FIELD BEARDSLEE & CO.
The daily Minnesota pioneer. [volume] (St. Paul, Minn.) 1854-1855, 1855-01-12

DIARY'S FOR 1855.
4 LII sizes and prices, for sale cheap by
IA Nov. 80, le54-dtt DAHL.
The daily Minnesota pioneer. [volume] (St. Paul, Minn.) 1854-1855, 1855-01-12

:R REY,
lRWARDING AND CON- |
sCHANT, .s4
'aul, Minnesota, |
low hates, the following |
PASTES.
MaccarOni
Vermicelli
8 60
Tapioca
Starch
Gelatine
Farina
Pearl barley
Rice
Chocolate
BrOma
CHEESE.
Western Reserve
CORDAGES
Manila cordage, from \
to 2H inch
Tarred ropes
Hemp bed cords
Maniila do
Clothes lines
Hemp Irvine
Seine Irvine
Cotton Irvine
CANDLES.
Sperm
Star
SOAP.
Rosin soap
Excellent family soap
Palm soap
CASTLE soap
Variegated soap
SUNDRIES.
Wood saws
Rat traps
Horse brushes
Shoe do
Dust do
White washing brushes
Scrubbing do
Horse halters
Straw TASKS
Horse cards
Curry combs
ChOpping knives
British lustre
Backing
MOlasses gates
Stable lanterns
Tar
Pitch
Oakum
Pipes
Birthstone
EARTHENWARE
Crooks, all sizes
Jugs do
GRAIN,
Wheat
Corn
Oats
Barley
WOODEN r WlI.I.OW
WARE.
Painted buckets
Cedar do
Painted tubs
Cedar do
Covered buckets
Well do
Half bushel measures
Wooden bowls
Pine churns
Red cedar churns
Tar cans
WashbOarus
Barrel covers
Mop handles
Butter prints
Muddlers
Butter ladies
Cocoa dippers
Steak mallets
Potato Washers
Cedar Fawcettes
Bung starters
Roll pins
Towel rollers
Clothes pins
Market baskets
Cloth do
Bushel do
BrOOms
Wisp brOoms,
Barber do
Empty kegs, S and 10 ga
Allicant mats
LIQUORS.
Superior old cognac
Seignette brandy
Champagne do
American do
Ginger do
Cherry do
Raspberry do
Common whiskey
Old Bourbon do
MOnOngahela do
Rye do
Scotch do
Jamaica rum
Holland gin,
WOOlf Schnapps
WINES.
Port Juice
Madeira
Sherry
Claret
Sauterne
Heidsick champ
DR.. Wheeler's sherry
Wine bitters.
The daily Minnesota pioneer. [volume] (St. Paul, Minn.) 1854-1855, 1855-01-12
TERMS OF THE DAILY TRIBUNE
Single copy, one year. Sc 0(
Clubs-same price.
TERMS OF THE WEEKLY TRIBUNE


Three copies, one year.. 10
len copes ohe ye"r.. u w
Twenty copies, to one address .......... :. 20 90
And any larger number at the rate of 81 per annum
At price to the so clubs direct the
to each subscriber.
Subscriptions may commence at any time. Payment
in advance required in all cases the paper nva
ably discontinued at the expiration of the advance pay
ment
Money may be RENTED for subscriptions in letters at
but the postmaster the place where the letter
is mailed should be made acquainted with its contents and
keep description of the bills. '.. 80 't.-i
Bills of any specie paying bank in the United States or
Canadas received at par for subscriptions.
We have travelling agents. Any wishing to re
ceive The Tribune need wait to be called for his
write letter in few words possible, lncie te
money and write the of the subscriber with the
Post Office County and state, and direct the letter TO
GREELEY MCEI.RATH, Tribune Office,
New York.
THE SEMI-WEEKLY TRIBUNE:
Persons residing at points where mails arrive oitcner
than once week are requested to examine the Semi
Weekly We regard it the cheapest paper, all things
considered published in the United States.
TERMS
single copy, one year. % w
Two copies, one year.. 0 w
Five copies, one year. ........ ii W
I'D. POSTAGE ON THE TRIBUNE
The postage the Daily Tribune year 81 Sc
The postage the Weekly Tribune year is.... %
The postage on the Semi Weekly one yearis.-. 81
Payable quarterly in advance, at the office where the
paper is received. j..
GREELEY l. McELRATH, Tribune Office,
Nov, 6tdec 6 d&w ff ,.... .- . l-1 New York,
The daily Minnesota pioneer. [volume] (St. Paul, Minn.) 1854-1855, 1855-01-12
S 4 O,OOO!!!
THE PEOPLES
GIFT ENTERPRISES AS OCIATION.
GONE OF LIFE'S HAPPY HOURS"
A BEAUTIFUL ENGRAVING,
Share i'm the Gifts,

VUNE subscr er would inform the public that he has
4 established agencies throughout the country, for
the disposal of the beautiful engraving known as
Zone of Life's Happy Hours" 1t is beautifully exc
cuted STEEL and is worthy prominent place either
in parlor drawing The original painting, (by
Miss Lilly NJ Spencer is at present in the possession Of
Mr.. Charles Stetson. The engraving is twenty by
twenty-seven inches representing young and lovely
woman, blooming with health; upon her knee stands
looking little fellow, engaged in plucking flowers
from vase upon q table near ut hand, and ertwinng
them in his mothers hair which, owing to his depreda
tions is hanging somewhat loosely about her beautiful
neck while the cOuntenance OF each indicate that the
artist did not fail to represent One Of Lies Happy
Hours"
By issuing $4,000 copies, the subscriber enabled to
furnish them the above price, and Oh completing the
sale to present to the members of the Association the
oil
The daily Minnesota pioneer. [volume] (St. Paul, Minn.) 1854-1855, 1855-01-12

NEW YORK ADVERTISEMENT
From the Newspaper Agency of 8. M. Pettengll
Co., 1l9 Nassau ST., N. Y, and 10 St. Thomas
street. Boston.
The daily Minnesota pioneer. [volume] (St. Paul, Minn.) 1854-1855, 1855-01-12


MATTRESSES, CARD AND CEN,
IRE TABLES and CHAIRS
of every Description ~
Also few METALLIC COFFiNS. superior art.
TO buy second hand furniture, is TOT
much ike buying second hand gar
ments We take it for granted, tina
the people of our Territory, woul
rather prefer to have their chairs washstands bureau
and tables made to ORDER and expressly fer their owl
although old furniture might be bought for less
ney Then we think people would rather havearti
Giles made OF the timber that here in the Terrific
ry, manufactured by our mechanics, who have
their lot in Minnesota for better, for worse.
We will make promptly to order, whatever articles
furniture may be wanted f have not what is desr
ed hand and will warrant goods better and al
things considered, cheaper than they be imported
STEEs & HUNT,
Manufacturers of Cabinet Ware and Furniture, Thir
street, St. Paul.
St. Paul, June %, 1858. .t,-
GREAT EXCITEMENT AT THE CAPITOL!!
WAR IN NEBRASKA!
A ND YET WILLIAM CONSTANS visited the Eas
n and purchased an extensive stock of Groceries an,
is prepared to deal them out at Wholesale or Retail
somewhat cheaper than the cheapest, and if you will
only take the trouble to call at his under
Hill, Lower Levee, you can at least from t
twenty per cent Come if you do not wish purchase
and examine my stock, in which will be found the ol
10 casks superior Hams, DAIRY Salt
Shoulders, lSpices and fine Ky. Mustar
SO Prime a. Star and M Candles,
60 Elk War Eagle Flour Cigars, Tobacco and Pipes
80 {. Corn Meal, white Starch, Indigo and Nader
and yellow, Some Mrs. s. G. NJ. Fin
Butter and Soda Crackers, Extra" Tobacco,
N. o. A, b and Sugar, Nails, Glass,
Crushed, Powder and Loafdo Holland Gin,
Coffee, Mocha, Java and Rio &c. Brandy,
Teas Of superior quality, P.
Dried Apples and Peaches, Madeira,
Rasins, fresh and pure, IL boxes Old Port.
Rice, by box or bbl., IL Champagne,
Moasses, S. II. & C.P., Irish and Scotch Whisky
Golden Syrup, Bourbon 6
Mackeral, by I-2 or l brl or lbl Cincinnati ="
And every thing belonging to Grocery or ProvisiO
Store. Don't forget to call at the old Randall sanC
Levee, Lower Town, where you will be get
cheap bargain of w. CONSTANS.
st. Paul, April 14th, 1854. 1-3t
The daily Minnesota pioneer. [volume] (St. Paul, Minn.) 1854-1855, 1855-01-12

Guided that Is not hghy useful and desirable There
nearly
/ 1900 VALUABLE GIFTS
Among which, may be by the above list is fine
farm, dwelling house, several elegant pianos, Ofpar
Or furniture, beautiful carriage, fine gold watches
chains, pens pins, rings, dressing &c
h D'RecOllect by renting one dollar you receive
fine steel plate engraving that cannot be purchased at
retail for less than - so 49, and numbered receipt
which entities the holder chance in the above gifts
p Call and examine the engravings at 81 and SO
Marcel street, us-1N -.-t Il .s- - "t.i. 49,
The great rapidity with which the tickets being
disposed of the undersigned to believe that he
will be able to bring the enterprise to successful ter
animation In few weeks. To prevent errors write
your address plain and in full, enclose envelope
with it written upon. .l.-t ... L.1lAIe
AL orders by letter (post pad) with the money en-
closed, will meet with prompt attention The engrav
ing and numbered receipt, emitting the holder to
chance in the property and vote toward the manner
of its distrbutiOn forwarded by return mall Address
orders to l.. w. ABBOTT,
81 and SO Market street, 81. LOUIS Mo- where the
engfavDg can be had on application septl9d&w Sm
The daily Minnesota pioneer. [volume] (St. Paul, Minn.) 1854-1855, 1855-01-12
st. 39atrt a00'ts.

CABINET WAR EROOMS.
ALWAYS ON hand, or made to ORDER SOFAS, EASY
CHAIRS, DlvANS, WILLOW WAGON
MATTRESSES, CARD AND CEN
IRE TABLES and CHAIRS
of every Description
Also n few METALLIC COFFINS superior .
The daily Minnesota pioneer. [volume] (St. Paul, Minn.) 1854-1855, 1855-01-12

ROLLIN CLARK. JOHN RENFREW. A. CROZII
EAGLE FOUNDRY.
Corner of Main and Biddle Streets, st. Louis, Mo.
The daily Minnesota pioneer. [volume] (St. Paul, Minn.) 1854-1855, 1855-01-12
st. 18dttI a0b'ta.

ALEXANDER REY,
WHOLESALE GROCER, FORWARDING AND CON-
MISSION MERCHANT, v.-H.. E '
Lower Levee, St. Paul, Minnesota,
OFFERS for sale at very low rates, the following
The Georgetown news., 1855-08-16

KERN RTvER.-From Mr. Worland, who
recently arrived from there, we learn that
there are at the present time no less than
thirteen different companies engaged in
working in quratz veins. Seven Of these
are located on Greenhorn gulch, and six on
Rich gulch; these localities are some fifteen
miles apart. These companies work some
half dozen rastres each, averaging $500 a
week to each rastre. Mr.. W., who is an
old miner and one of the pioneers of that
river, states that quartz veins are very a.
bundant, and equal in richness to any he
has ever seen in the State. They are work.
ed very easily, the rock being broken out
with bar, and blasting seldom being found
neces8aay.-[S. F. Paper.
The Georgetown news., 1855-08-16

ROUTE OF French TRooPs TO THE BAL
TIC.-Great sensation has been caused by
the demand of Count Reculot. the French
Envoy at this Court, for permission to
march body of Imperial troops through
the Hanoverian territory. 1t appears that
considerable inconvenience was felt and de-
lay occasioned last year by sending the
French army of cooperation to the Baltic
by sea, although on board such splendid
ships as the squadron under Commodore
Grey in the Hannibal, and it has now been
decided to send the expedition by the rail-
road through the north of Germany to Lu,
where steamers will be waiting to take the
troops up to the point where they are want
ed, and which, of necessity, remains a secret
for the present. Besides, the expedition
will be much more numerous than the last.
The number of French troops conveyed to
the Baltic last summer, and employed at
the reduction of Bombarsund, was not more
than eight or ten thousand men, whereas
the Army of the North destined for service
in the Baltic musters nearly $4,000 men,
about one-half of whom have received orders
to hold themselves in readiness to move, and
the other half will form the reserve. Al
though the Hanoverian Government has not
yet given decided answer, there is little
reason to doubt that it will be favorable
one; particularly as the request is support
ed most energetically by the British Gov
ernment, who have sent instructions to that
effect to Mr.. Bligh, her Majesty's repre-
sentative here. A similar request has been
made by the Marquis de MOustier, at Ber-
lin, to the Prussian Governmen, and steps
have been also taken by France to obtain
the consent of the Senate of Lubbock for the
embarkation of the French troops at Tray
mundo.-I Letter from Hanover, May 7.
The Georgetown news., 1855-08-16

Worthy says SO early as about 260 years
before the Christian era, a banker of Sicvon,
a city OF Peloponesus, is mentioned by Plu
tarch, in his life of Aratus. His business
appears to have consisted in exchanging one
species of money for another. The money
changers of Judea, who were driven out of
the temple by Christ, were most probably
Of the description mentioned by St. Mathew
in the parable of the Talents;-that is, such
az made trade Of receiving money in de-
posits, and paying interest Tor it, st. Luke.
in his relation Of the same parable, express
ly alludes to a banking establishments
From Judea the institution of banks was
brought into Europe; and the Lombard
Jews are said to have kept benches. or banks.
in the market-places of Italy, for the ex-
change o. money and bills The bank of
Venice, which was the first founded upon
an enlarged scale that we are acquainted
with, was established about the year III.
under the appellation of The Chamber of
the Loans;-and the contributors to forced
loan, that had been raised to meet the ex-
igencieS of Venetian war with the Emper-
or of the East and West, were made credit
ors OF the Chamber, from which they were
to receive an annual interest of four per
cent. At what period the knowledge of
banking was introduced into this country is
unknown; though it may reasonably be con-
jectured to have been within d short time
after the Conquest. There can be little
doubt OF its first having been practiced here
by the Italian merchants; all of whom, who
were engaged in money transactions, were
distinguished both in France and in Eng
land, by the name of Lombards, or of Tus-
cans. These merchants being dispersed
throughout Europe, because (says Ander-
son. very convenient agents for the popes,
who employed them to receive. and remit the
large revenues they drew from every State
which acknowledged their ecclesiastical su-
premacy." Hence and from their being en-
ployed to lend mony thus gathered upon in
terest, they are called by Matthew Paris,
the POpe's merchants" We learn from the
same historian, that some of the English no.
bles availed themselves of the same agency.
and "sowed their money to make it multi
ply" Henry Ill, in his Goth year, forbade
his subjects to borrow money from any for
elgn merchants. This was on account of
the great exaction which they are said to
have committed. In the 18th century, the
business of banking was carried on by Ora
perS at Barcelona, in Spain; as it was in af-
ter ages by the Goldsmiths of London.