New-York daily tribune. [volume] (New-York [N.Y.]) 1842-1866, 1855-12-05

il st utons. The power Of the rude, i1doleat, sod
IL soleDt Osmans, who manage, though in sucn q
slight minority, to keep the upper hand OF the suo1e
ingenious, selfseeking, supple, close-fs'en' anu
double dealing Creeks, and who threaten st tiui7' "
lid the soil of their presence is TO be ascnoed H'y
to the disnt grafton Of these municipalities am 'oe
IendeIiT them, in theit eIstfnr and
ton, means volt tsri pioviced, as IT were if 'e
collection of revenue; each municipality, suihc'snuy
strong in number. to be secure from Hehra'y
interference, voting the amount OF is Own aanuai
contribution. and harassed no further thar by occa-
sonal transcription sfom which the Greeks TIL la'e'y
were eIen pt-end the necessity OF providing supplies
for man AID horse any casual y-its of their turkish
masters. These municipal institutions srestly sim
plfy the exercie of the administrative posers oil 'ne
General Government reoceriDg it h.rdy apparent
-esch Municipality being governed by its owH sw''
sno those of the Osnanis seldom imp sed, except In
The Of discussions between soy of these corporate
bodies in disputed tIsLsac,ioIs whereio Turk Is
concerned In TACT, these municipalities, through me
sbsepce of any general combination are calculated ID
allow in the bands Ct more active power tnea tna'
Of the Osmsns the exercise of he higher factions OF
eove,I metal rule 10 any cor cevabe extent lne
Osmallis are far f,om being innocent, however, OF
arbitrary acs-acts that exceed the bounds botn OF
moderation and justice The municipalities OF Iur-
key are not greatly dissimar in structure from the
Canton OF Grisors in Switzerland, where smal
c'mmuIes are merged in greser ones, athoagh 10
general assemblies helo. So coDplste is TINS mu'
Dcipsl rule within Turkey itsel so fairly within each
is the representative form established ana common
responsibility shared that there ID no inter sted esls-
iaop, snd Therefore 10 popular VIC ence As an OIL
set, there aye grand public enterprises, and no
other than Individual progress. These municip ,itles
exist IS system Of mutual gusrspet ship; 10 men,
Der is without interest 10 the general management
OF affairs, and any failure in the fulilmen; Of his own
obligations must be made good by the rest The mu-
picipsl SYSTEM Gays Urquhart, without allowing
"power 10 be tasted By the people, renders public
"opirion omDipotent; succession OF checks Is not
violently, at stated seasons, but always in unoo-
"seIved and active operation; the utility OF locsl
measures the character of their communal admin
"stIa'oIs objects daily consideration; opinion
sis too powerful to form ief into party too practi-
cal and domestic 10 assume the forms Of the su
"boIy it in req y e. erCses; every individual tesls,
not periodical authority, bat constant Interest
Sin every circuust.nce affecting the communi y;
and If be is kept at a distance from office or
authority, it is not by the barrier of prescription
"or of formsty, but by the interval which his
Gown respect for worth AMI character leaves be-
"tween his magistrate and himself" o her inaa.
ences affecting Turkish rule may be looked for ia thu
perrb bed races on its borders next TO Persia, ia the
disa6t cton of large portion of the Greek popu
ls,icn on what is properly Grecisn soil, extending,
ss European Turkey does, to within few
miles of the celebrated Pass Of Ttermopyla-
Il oh oil IN Mi al
nent of Turkey, corruption and malfessance
in Office strangely in contrast with individual honesty
ard sentiments of honor; to all which may be aided
the ambitious and constant interference in Turkish
sffoiIs by both neighboriDg ard distant States.
These il nuences initiate also against any union OF
those municipal institutions which have followed on
Tu kish as on Roman military conquests and which
aft I'd in Misunderstanding into account the sub
missive and unifo character Of Greek populations
the secret of OsmaDli dominion, II is as WELL in
this connection, TO remember that the dream OF uni
versal rule entertained by the Romans pstook less of
the ioea of an oppressive military dominancy than of
the extension of municipal institutions as soon as the
qualities of the northern and western
hordes ha6 been subdued
The rulers Of each Turkish municipality ae elected
from and by the people Themselves; the elders so
elected exercising sort of patrisrcba sway, and, In
connection with the priesthood, aojudcatins In sh
civil matters. Nominations to the pacbaics, or the
government ofprovinces, may be under the influence
of We abby families, or financial and political agents.
but on these, public, that is to say, embodied
local opinion may be brought to bear; and the devia
ton OF Office not being expressly limited to specific
time the opposition, aroused by any extremely arb-
t,ary and unjust act will be sufficient to overthrow
them The people Of Turkey, ss indeed Of all Asia,
are quick to discover wrong, and earnest to aveDge
il on the perpetrator They are thoroughly coaver
SAINT with these principles of government that underle
the simple Arabic institutions from which their mu-
nicpaNties may be said 70 spiipg. They will never,
however seek remedy in the Improvement Of the
central government which, while they remain
isoate they will continue to regard as their only tie of
strength. So far from being opposed TO these NUM-
cpsl institutions, the Osmsns necessary encourage
them as those which alone are stable can afford
security TO their rule and yield revenue without any
disturbance of their own natural nd,lence. 1t is,
tht reore their interest to avsd interference except
when appealed to by mutually hostile municipalities.
The only sembsnce of political system tina, can be
said TO connect the radi of the wide circumference is
in the farming by the Greek usurers q. Constantine
ple. of the revenues for the collection OF which these
form ready subsidiary system. The
countless rsd all meet in the moOey chests Of the
Gretls at Cons, who offer the securities and
provide the sdvances to the Governors of the
different provinces. These Governors with all their
sppsrept power are the puPpsts of their obscure BE-
pboresn masters who sepd down with each prOtege
clerk Of eir own to receive the revenue and to extract
from It, together with the sums advanced. and the
sen larger amounts for which they have given secur
iy to the Turkish Governn est eIobtsut interest and
chupes-the clerk securing in every transaction with