davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Richmond Indiana palladium. [volume] (Richmond, Ind.) 1854-1855, 1855-08-23

HikR-on S1na&y aeruins. Susux. ,osh
child Of Apeilos and Sar.a xoo. isa CHAEIsx
niae months 'N. -sed feGs years and
when We rove ~ sAc rive .. to.
Ara battle in its bliss faI tts. -
oEr of the joys Of heaven ufyk.
The little toy that died
The Richmond Indiana palladium. [volume] (Richmond, Ind.) 1854-1855, 1855-08-23
DE-. "A. POTTS,
OCTOBER ELECTION.

Wayne County Republican Ticket.
FOR CIRCUIT JUDGE.
JEHU +. ELLIOTT.
CLERK OF TUE COURTS.
MOSES ID. l. T. + S IN.
FOR AUDITOR.
BENJAMIN l.. MARTIN.
FOR RECORDER.
HEN RY BEITZEL.
FOR COMMISSIONERS.
JOHN ii. HUTTON.
The Richmond Indiana palladium. [volume] (Richmond, Ind.) 1854-1855, 1855-08-23
FIRE, FIRE! FIRE.!

MESS RS CIR c Il Z. a SO Y,
|tRATEFCL the very liberal patronage which mas
4 to heretofore return their
70 their many ami customers for their support
al. their that they
lust receiving OF Groceries they
which they will sell low Tor cas anu
they intend and sell excIusivt Tor the
themselves they can MAKE II 10 'he al
of huy Of them
They keep assortment OF Family Flour and
Fee which they will deliver to part OF the cy
free left with them will he promptly
tended
n mi January 10 1855 4-r
The Richmond Indiana palladium. [volume] (Richmond, Ind.) 1854-1855, 1855-08-23
FAMILY GROCERIES.

THE subscriber has jus. received large and general
Groceries ~hch ne 10 prepared TO sell As
o.fer place IN this city His stock s.sis
Tar. COFFEE Nozss-s. Syrup Tea Chocolate,
Cocoa. Rice. Esi.ns Tobacco. Cixars. Woossn "iil9~
almost article
found IN establishments Persons wishing any tang
in his line call him before looking
=. !. t--.-rfDst no. Eod-rsoid
-. - - GEO. ". BARNES,
- ,szs Ne 81 Main street
The Richmond Indiana palladium. [volume] (Richmond, Ind.) 1854-1855, 1855-08-23

GROSS superior aTss-o Matches. which viii be sold
- % = W BARNES
The Richmond Indiana palladium. [volume] (Richmond, Ind.) 1854-1855, 1855-08-23
Sugar. MOIa>>e>. Coffee

VyRAMEK & FLETCHER have just received large ~
~ Of sugar aud other Groceries. hcf
,bev offer on such terms induce those purchase hC
Will give call Their estsbIis hmsnt Is opposite Is
he Pa seuger Depot Richmond
30 y
The Richmond Indiana palladium. [volume] (Richmond, Ind.) 1854-1855, 1855-08-23
Lard Oil and Candles.

THE subscribers having completed their arrange
| rents for manufacturing the above Goods, pre-
pared to furnish the merchants inhsbitant. Of
Richmond and vicinity with OIL AND CANDLES of
superior quality, prices ranging below the Cincin-
na,i mar set. Persons in the atoye goods
" il find it greatly 70 their advantage call Til.
establishment before purchasing elsewhere.
Iytaetors in the old Richmond oandrv Blu ildinss.
BAILIES & MARCHANT.
February . 1855. SIT
The Richmond Indiana palladium. [volume] (Richmond, Ind.) 1854-1855, 1855-08-23

LAND WARRANrs LocArEp--We invite at
tention to the advertisement of Mr.. Holman.
published in another column We will vouch
for the faithful and prompt discharge Of al
duties contided to him.
The Richmond Indiana palladium. [volume] (Richmond, Ind.) 1854-1855, 1855-08-23

= 1900 GSeSEE NSE3E NyESSE sENse
BxS~ OPEN TO MIDDLETOWN.- sg
sS ans sitter wednes DAY. Assus. Ssh. and unt tar
osaes notice trains this roa4 vii run as foNNg.
Se~sas'is for Rieh"ena and way stations. % a NJ
Aicdleto~n 10 Richmond 2SsP NJ
RE hmont TO New Castle $50
Making exH "trip each way daily. sxeep, Sunday,
between Midaistewn and Richmond. and TWO trips
eetWe New Castle and Riehnon5.
Passengers for Mitaletc~. from Cincinnati ana
Dayton should take the early RE and
proceeS directly 10 MiGsess~a where stsse. will be
ready fer Anderson and ChesterieA
Stages will also from those roint, To eenneet
vs. ih , - +. NJ train frem Middlstown, hy which
passengers may reach Ciacinnasi, Dayton OF India
IA polls the same evening.
Freight. will be carried by me Miadletewn trains
5. b MORSE. supt.
New Castle. August ., 1855. SS-tf
5000 iA~- White Lead just received sale by
WV FERGUSON & NEo.
Angus, ?. lsSS-
FERGUSON 4 YEO,
SrAsen,s fer jones, White 81 Ac'Curiy's Teeth.
>, 1855
CANDLE MOULDS.
sUfERloR article Neaias moulding Candies, Of
~ hard Britannia Metal ard warranted Manufactured
by John CAlxerley Ass Syrizsss Surgical INSTRUMENTS
and Britannia Ware JOHN CAINERLEN.
August ,, 1855 leo Race rect PHILADELPHIA.
The Richmond Indiana palladium. [volume] (Richmond, Ind.) 1854-1855, 1855-08-23

uCSf received from Cincinnati. some o. tae pes: "a
- terms ceeEfmr. plate go ssSP efs1e<
whach E1l hs sS4G a. e-s 4s@~. -
LEFEVRE Il CSpERWooD
The Richmond Indiana palladium. [volume] (Richmond, Ind.) 1854-1855, 1855-08-23

II y Old settler. We citing .-rhers n-et-
ing Of tia Old Settlers .! Wayne FRIDAY
day Of September Il had been
sta bat thai conn citing -s oSr
changed TO FRIDAY September ia
county who here previous ls20, invited,
earnestly solicited attend Further particulars
tirae to time.
The Richmond Indiana palladium. [volume] (Richmond, Ind.) 1854-1855, 1855-08-23

COPPER KET'rLES-Fro 10 to 30 gallons. for
y boiling cider and apple butter full supply at the
; tove Store. AMI manufactured ny
t. J. B3RGIS.
Nav 81 1855 loft
The Richmond Indiana palladium. [volume] (Richmond, Ind.) 1854-1855, 1855-08-23
4nrust 80. MY
WHITEWATER COLLEGE!
CFNTERNIIJE IND


THE ext term Of this popular Institution will com
l n.-nc.- on MONDAY, Septetnber3, 1850. Rev GEo.
Il. JocEl.yN, \ NJ Che former Professor o. Malhe
matcs and Natural Science. has been secured Pres
ident o the institution and assisted by corps of
eelen IL sehers the 10 ri of Trs feel confident
thAt former high standing OF the College will be
full, III IN aimed ihe Roard and Faculty deter
III IT. effort shall be wanting their part
Institution acceptable and Bile all
" 70 desire their and daughters
rough spd substantial educ alton As the Institu
tion ell and fsvorably known abroad, il is eemed
glossary ada more Further infor atom be
obi ned by referring the catalogue of last year
by eter TO Pres enS elyn either of the under
sign led.
IN the Primary De 3artfnent. for term of Il
weeks, s. 80
In the Academic department. 50
In the Mixed cour 81
Music. per Of "A weeks, IS 90
Use OF Piano o.
S'4inting and Drawing, ----.----. 10
Z Tern LsngHss : %
Et,a-siing ma b. had in excellent families
eonv enient TO th. College. reasonable terms A
,ev pupils received into the family OF the
Prr<I
Tire bills fer tuition and boarding Ill be expected
in adv snce.
T. G. BLACK, Prest B. of Trustees.
3 w -. HsRyEy. secretary
Cen terv;Ile. August IS, 1855 So It
The Richmond Indiana palladium. [volume] (Richmond, Ind.) 1854-1855, 1855-08-23

0UyinAOw CHASE, Of all sfxss. toGstAer vita CLASS
w desesipssSos s0sAsss Tor sealing
yr;ya L n Ncf-rLLOCSH
The Richmond Indiana palladium. [volume] (Richmond, Ind.) 1854-1855, 1855-08-23

uoon horsEkExrKR not only understands
'ae quality OF everything which .he may have
occasion to use, and the best way Of us;no !,
OUT she also Understands the very best nIs..
!" set it-where she can get the mos, and h.s,
s'0a' Tor her money N she wants dry goods,
'hs goes directly TO the New York Stors .,
Mr. jackson, in the Starr Hall bu;ld;,,
Anowiny that his assortment is the mest xar;sd
ana complete in the city. That he has the
1neS'. richest and bes' goods ever brought To
'h's oiIy-thas he has also plain and more ser
''seaoie goods. in fact that he has just wha,
sue wants, and sells them lower than any
WY else IN town. Reader, call and sea Il
this is no, true.
The Richmond Indiana palladium. [volume] (Richmond, Ind.) 1854-1855, 1855-08-23

SALE OF PRoPERTY.--Mr John NJ. Paxson
has sold to Henry Hoover his handsome resi-
dencs erected during tie past year. The
price paid and received was so,174 40. Mr.
The Richmond Indiana palladium. [volume] (Richmond, Ind.) 1854-1855, 1855-08-23
Centreville Steam Works!
HOUSE Furnishing GooDs.-.

HOUSE FURNISHING GOODS.
L French China Gold Band:
Do co White. plain and auted:
White Iron stone Ware oval. futsd and octs Son,
Lustre Band Te. Ware:
Britannia Tea Pots Coffee Pots. Sugars, Creams,
Bowls, la dies Lamps. eandlesticks, castors;
Handsome Britannia Tea Sets,
Plated Ger. silver and britannia Table and Tea
spoons:
Do Ladies'. Dinner, aiedium and Dessert + orks
American ani Ens.i-h Taole cutlery,
Knife Boxes and Table Mats;
Girsndoies and Solar Lamps;
Hall Lamps and Lanterns.
Oval Octsgon and round Wire Covers;
Glzs-wsre-eyery variety.
The ssle q small adj for cash sp-
prps.o paper. ny o. ALDRtCH.
~ Main street, bet. Fourth and isth Cincn
Mas z 1884. 2e-.f
The Richmond Indiana palladium. [volume] (Richmond, Ind.) 1854-1855, 1855-08-23

ID
Premium Empire steel PlOws.
S. IIORNEY & CO.
yY2OC respectfully inform their frieDss and the asr1cu
w that prepared to fur
their premium Empire Steel PIoss large quantities,
aud AT ponl THIS PIos received the drst
$50 silver Cup.
Indiana Fair for ieHeral purposes They
also received Silver Cup at the same falr Tor the
BEST SOD FIOW.
Athe late Wayne County Fair they received the First Pre-
Plo@, sub soil Flew horse
Pios and Cutvaor and the premium awarded Tor the o' st
awarded those used their
These awarded IN competition with seyera!
Rhich oEOred
nIiurls both State and Couaty FAIRS
The proprieors OF this establishment are all practical
ulen--they employ hat competent hands and
materials hence they eel confidence in
commenting their work 10 the puaic iheS also nan1iac
HARROWS,
all Cultirators of three
hoes; Agricultural implements of various kinds
furnish order article that may he desr red
the Depot corner OF Front
and " ASH ngtou Avenue, Richmond Ind
july /. less 3-f
The Richmond Indiana palladium. [volume] (Richmond, Ind.) 1854-1855, 1855-08-23

FuLGnuM's IMPROVED SAW Mill
visited the establishment of Mr.. Fulghum on
Saturday last. for the purpose of Witnessing
the operations Of his recently patented i'm
provement upon the Saw Mill. The one now
in operation is designed and only capable of
saving log four feet long. and is now used
for saving out broom handles. and any thing
OF that character 1t has circular saws. one
running perpendicularly, and the other hori
fonially, cutting two lines at the same time.
The los revolves at every passage of the saws,
and thus piece is taken out each time the
saws pass. It's simplicity is distinctive fea-
'ure; and having been SO thoroughly and
practically tested. there cannot now exist any
doubt of Its utility. 1t requires far less pow
sr than the sash saw mills. and can be made
70 answer every purpose. except that Of saw
A"'ns' such as Joist. scantlins, flooring.
Misunderstanding or any thing of this kind j,
Is a great Improvement. jesse NJ Hutton. OF
Wis city, is the general agent for the sale OF
oSS'e' County and Individual Rights Anv
Information desired in regard TO this mill can
De obtained by addressing him at this place.
The Richmond Indiana palladium. [volume] (Richmond, Ind.) 1854-1855, 1855-08-23

the erection of larger and better house on
the lot Immediately adjoining the one sold.
The Richmond Indiana palladium. [volume] (Richmond, Ind.) 1854-1855, 1855-08-23
BASIL BRIGHT - ELL
Us opening a splendid assortntn NJ Of SPRING
4 AND SUMNER GOODS, oil the latest lyle.
Ladies' Dress Goods.
Job Work

oNE all times in Copper, Tin Sheet Iron and Zinc
q notice. ami in cool Horkmantike man
uer. the City St""e Store. LEFENRE UNDERWOOD.
octohe 90 le5I. 4iu
The Richmond Indiana palladium. [volume] (Richmond, Ind.) 1854-1855, 1855-08-23
Fresh Arrival!
/, atch and Clock Repairing.
WILLIAM STEVENS

Old Sloan House, occupied BY Mr.. Farquhar as
lie is all kinds Of. time
pieces Of ship that cannot be exceiled and
receive share %
the All kinds Je.eiry repaired lie
Clocks for sale, the lowest possible rates
Call al the old Sloan House.
Having made arrang ements with one OF the best
house. Cincinnati. l prepared furnish order
Watches slry, other article in line. such
indueeei for persons to favor 9th
their orders
Richmond, july Is, 1855. 32-f
The Richmond Indiana palladium. [volume] (Richmond, Ind.) 1854-1855, 1855-08-23
Doors. Door Frames. Sash. &c.

LES. .-Machine, and shaved, Poplar, Ash,
and Oak Shingles, a quality for sale
by ELLIOTT q C0ALE.
Staunton spectator. [volume] (Staunton, Va.) 1849-1896, 1855-12-19
XlrrInia aud Kansas.

On Thursday last member Of the House OF
Delegates, named Wellman, introduced very
ridiculous resolution in that body, which Will be
found in our synopsis of the proceedings. No
wonder, as the reporter says, "Mr. Welman cb-
served that his resolution seemed to create some
mirlh." 1t met with little favor in the House,
and no advocate, except Mr.. Welman A mo-
ton was made for its indefinite Postponemeut, but
several influential members thought that course
might be misunderstood, and it WAS finally refer
red to committee. Better far, we think, have
rejected it at once. The Legislature of Virginia
has enough to do to attend to lis own legitimate
business, and the Democracy might trust lhel
own President to look after Kansas. lie has no
vet ordered the United States troops to the scene
| of conflict and until that is done the mastering .
the militia would seem to be quite premature.
Staunton spectator. [volume] (Staunton, Va.) 1849-1896, 1855-12-19
Tho rIembers of Congress.

We publish on the first page Of this paper a
list of members Of the present Congress. Tine
leader will observe the name Lyman Trumbull
both as Senator and Representative from Hi
nois, and may be puzzled to know how it occurs.
This gentleman was first elected to the House of
Representatives and then to the Senate, and his
name is now called daily in both budies But
Mr.. Trumbull has gone to Washington without
certificate of election, and his right 10 a seat in
the Senate, which he claims, has yet TO be deci
ded. He was a Judge of State Court, and a
law of Illinois prohibits the election 10 Federal
office of any one holding State office, until a
year after his term has expired. The Governor
of Illinois therefore refused 10 give him the usual
certificate. 1t is a singular fact, however, that
the Governor, though Ineligible from the same
cause, was himself competitor Of Mr.. Trumbnll
for the office of Senator! Should the Senate de-
eide adversely TO Mr.. Trumbull's claim, il is said
that Gen. Shields, who stood next on the list Of
candidates, will be declared elected. The seat in
the House of Representatives, nominally filed by
Mr.. r., cannot be declared vacant until the
House is organized, when the fact will be certi
fed to the Governor and an election ordered.
Staunton spectator. [volume] (Staunton, Va.) 1849-1896, 1855-12-19
WHO CHALLENGED Greslxf

That is the question now-not "who struck
Billy Patterson The newspapers say thatsome
Virginia Editor had the assurance to insult Ho-
race with challenge to mortal combat, some
weeks SINCE in Washington city, and cansidera
BILE anxiety is manifested BY our exchanges to
know who it was. Syme, of The Petersburg In
telgencer," seems especially exercised in re-
gard TO the matter. We desire to assure our Pc
tersburg contemporary that it was not us. We
would rather engage in a rough and tumble
''skrimmage" with pole cat, than fight Horace
Greedy sat ten PAGES" We don't know who
challenged Greedy, but the man who did, was al
together loo condescendng for an Editor-espe
cialy Virginia Editor. Horace is respectable
in nothing but his talents. and it strikes US thai
the 'code of honor" would forbid an engagement
with him. 1t was, doubtless, a bit of thought
lessness on the part of our unknown contempora
nv, and we think it likely that if the chaeng,
had been accepted he would have sent off for on
Of his negroes and fought Horace by proxy.
Staunton spectator. [volume] (Staunton, Va.) 1849-1896, 1855-12-19
The Vote for sneaker.

In the House of Representatives there are
twenty -four Democratic members from the free
States; but on the fifteth vote for Speaker, only
eighteen Of them voted for Mr. Richardson, the
Administration candidate. Mr. Richardson is
held up by the party at the South as the Natsn-
al candidate, and they have been disposed to
plume themselves upon the unanimity with
which their party in Congress has come to his
supports yet six of The twenty four Northern
Democratic members. or one fourth Of them, have
refused to vote for him. This fact speaks rather
badly for the boasted nationality Of the party.
1t is interesting TO analyze the vote cast for Mr..
Richardson, and ascertain where il comes FROM
On the fftieth ballot he received ssventy-fve
votes, the highest number cast for him. Oh
these, eighteen Were from free States, as follows
one from each of the States of Maine, New York
New Jersey, Michigan, Iowa and Wisconsin ;
two, each, from Indiana aud California five from
Pennsylvania; and three from Illinois. He did
not receive vote from New Hampshire, Yer
mont, Massachusetts, Rhode Island, Connecticut,
Delaware, or Ohio; all the members from these
States being opposed to the Administration. The
remaining votes cast fur him, besides those men,
toned above, were as follows From Virginia,
10; Maryland, 2; North Carolina, S; South Car
DINA, 6 Georgia. 6; Alabama, s. Mississippi,
8; Louisiana, 9; Texas, 2; Arkansas,2; Mis-
souri,, s. Kentucky, 4 Tennessee, 5.
Staunton spectator. [volume] (Staunton, Va.) 1849-1896, 1855-12-19

A meeting Of the American members OF the
Legislature was held at the Exchange Hotel in
Richmond, Saturday night, and adopted series
of resolutions in reference TO the difficulties in
organizing the House of Representatives. Col.
Bondurant, OF Buckingham, presided, and Mr..
Christian of this county, acted as Secretary. We
have not space this week for the resolutions In
full. They regret the state of affairs at Wash
inpion endorse the position of the National A
mercan members of the House, tender sincere
approval to those Northern members who stand by
the Platform declare that reputation or modl'
6catirn If The 18th section would be violation
of marty faith &c. the course of the Democrats
in refusing TO cooperate temporarily with the
Americans is condemned regard with Indignation
the attempt to reduce Southern men by the br
bery of official honors and direct that copies o.
.be resolutions be sent 10 the American members
of Congress- The Wing says
The ground assumed by all the speakers in thu
meetinr and in committee was, OF course, That !
was impossible under any circumstances to Gu
operate in the organization Of the House with The
Black Republicans, and equally impossible TO co
operate with the Locofocos, under existing cir
cu,oslances. on account and in face Of their ar
rogant and offensive declaration that American:
are not 'equa associates" for them. L he whol'
blame Of the election OF a Black Republican VIII
rest and justly rest upon the Southern democracy
Staunton spectator. [volume] (Staunton, Va.) 1849-1896, 1855-12-19

CoNpirIoN OF THE MoRMoNs.-Mr. Greeley,
in the midst Of his engineering for the Speaker
Ship at Washington, has found time to converse
with an intelligent gentleman who recently made
a trip from the Pacific across the Plains and who
gave horrible account Of the mora and social
condition of the Morlnons, with whom he spent
some months. He left them waowing deeper
and deeper 10 the slough oi filthy senslally, with
a certainty OF going from bad to worse Ill their
whole fabric OF itnposlure is exploited by the mi
series II creates aud dtfuses. He says the women
are nearly all anxious to fly from the horrible
den especially those who have been sealed as
the spiritual wives" Of the scoundrely hypo-
crtea who propagate and uphold tbs monstrou'
de!rsun Nearly all the leaders have from three
ynnen each up to Brigham Yaung's seventy some
of whom make poor living by Washing the clothes
of the United States soldiers. Hundreds OF these
deceived, abused woinea secretly attempt to beg
the privilege of coming away with the troops and
trains passing from time to time through or com
ing from Salt Lake city but this cannot be allow
ed. Nearly all would get away il they could. =
Such pictures of distress and despair as ara pre-
scented by many Of these deceived and abused wo
men can be found nowhere else in Utah. Hun
drpds u, them never heard nor dreamed OF the
"spiriua wife" system until it burst upon their
arI.Zel vision on their arrival al Salt Lake. Aud
such mixture of profanity and biasphemy, non
sense. i:npnden assumption and buiiOUnery, as Is
contained in their sermons and other religious ex
ercises cannot be paralleied in the world
"Gentls' OF any account is carefully watched
from The hour he ventures among them, and there
is little scrnple as 10 the means whereby Hou-
besume intruder is disposed Of.
Staunton spectator. [volume] (Staunton, Va.) 1849-1896, 1855-12-19
Later from Eurous.

The Steamship Baltic arrived at New York
on the 18th, bringing Liverpool adylces to LIST
instant The news is entirely embarrassing. A
variety of rumors in relation I" the prospect Of
peace continued to prevail. Definite propositions,
il is said. have been submitted TO the Emperor
Napoleon by Russia, wilhouI the Intervention OF
either Austria or Prussia Russia proposes To ac-
cede to the guaranteed independence of the Danu-
HAN provinces and the freedom of the Black Sea
The hopes of peace were Strengthening. Cotton
and Flour had both declined, and consols had adj
vanced
The response from this side TO the beIligeren'
articles Of the London Times, says tpe Baltimore
American. had been looked for with considerable
anxiety in England, and on the arrival out OF tbs
Baltic, the news rooms at Liverpool were crowd
ed with excited business men, eager TO learn tht
orobablliies as TO difficulties brtweru the twt
countries. The news was issued IN extra edi
,iuns ny The prominent Liverpool and Loadon pa
pers. and ieerraphpI to Manchester and othe
important points. The London Times appears
bui half satisfied at the little effect Of its threat
euiprs. and though no longer warl'ke, is as bite
rs ever in lis tone towards this country. In oihe
quarters the American view Of the matter wa
generally satisfactory.
Staunton spectator. [volume] (Staunton, Va.) 1849-1896, 1855-12-19
whe University.

The Charlottesville Advocate publishes and
comments upon our recent article in reference to
the University of Virginia. 1t admits that there
is much truth in our remarks. and says "the Pro-
lessor. of the University have often complained
tina. young students are entered who are wotully
defcientin therpreparation fora collegiate course"
The Faculty, however. says the Advocate, lnva-
rably advises the parents or guardians OF students
who are not making profitable use Of their time,
to Withdraw them from the University and no
fewer than seventy young men were refused ma
circulation this year because their previous stand
ing showed them unqualified 10 derive any bene-
Git from the University. But these students had
already spent one or more profltless years al
the institution We have no doubt that the Pro-
iessors would be glad to see some practicable plan
of reform adopted, and we are pleased to see the
Advocate 50 favorably disposed towards it.
Staunton spectator. [volume] (Staunton, Va.) 1849-1896, 1855-12-19
Valuable Discovery.

Mr.. Lorenzo Sibert has lately discovered on
the farm of Mr.. james Poage, about six miles
from this place, an almost inexhaustible supply OF
nitrate of lime. Some specimens of the mineral
which We have seen contained portions of ap
parently pure satpere, and in alloflhem the nitre
is very perceptible. understand that the ledge
of rock contains many fossil remains, and we
have in our possession partially petrifed branch
of tree found there. Mr. Sibert thinks the nitrate
of lime will be very valuable as fertilizer; VI,
should think it more valuable for the manufacture
of salipetre, especially if he war in Europe con
tinues much longer.