The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1855-08-05


years old. Il comes from some pippsns cf . trve 81
bitter oranges planted In pot 81 the commencement
Of the fifteenth century, by Eeanora q Csstl~, vie
Of Charles the Third. King Of Navarro. ne trees
which sprang from them were preserved In tbe sHm~
case up to 1t99, az Pampeiuna; tbsy Afterwards
passed into different hands rare and precious Oh
ects and then became the property o. The Conss&he
Of Bourbon, who placed them In hin chssesa q
Chantelle In the BourbonnsiA Tbs prop<rty ~ tho
Constable having been conhscsted In fs23 The orange
trees were ecut 20 decorate The palace a. fontzAn
bleau, which Francis |. had csusrd % b. r~tored
and enlarged. When Louis XIV. had terminated
Versailles, and built that magnincent crsngery, be
gave orders that all the orange trees exsssng IN the
royal residences should BE- conveyed % H. This vas
in 1854, and the orange trees Of fzmpciuna, which
were among those removed, were then two csrtar'ss
ing its great age, Is still perfectly vigorous,
Our Munich CsrTssps~sew~e.
MuSIcH, July Q. 1855.
Appyoaeh Of the Choisra--A Nee Gp~aa rsesy-
Generation and 7yansmissson If fAs Dssssss.
hasten to send you q short notice q work
which deem of the utmost importance to Europe
and America. II has just been Published here by
Dr. Max Pettenkober, and bears the title" Invest
cations and observations in regard 10 the propags
ton of cholera, with reflections the proper means
of arrestng its progress" The author h professor
u
and has been employed by the government during
the whole of last year investigating the progress
and mode of propagation Of the disease In the prin
cipa towns Of Bavaria. The present work IL the re-
suit of his and other physicians researches In the
form Of report to the government, and has given
such complete satisfaction that It's gratuitous dist
button has been ordered throughout the kingdom, al
the expense Of the government.
The author is lover Of truth. He advances no
new theory but produces volume of facts Of most
positive and conclusive character. These facts
could hardly have been ascertained with the same
precision in any other country for not only would IL
have been impossible to ascertain age, condition,
mode Of life, &C., of the SICK but the patients them
selves would not willingly have subjected themselves
to similar control. Observations were made In
Munich, Nuremberg, Augsburg, Wurxburg, Ebrach'
Ingolstadt, Gaimersheim, Rattisbone, Fraunstein,
and Freysing, and the author compares his results
with the Report of the Mortality Of Cholera in
England ls4s-49," and the reports on the cholera
in India during the years 1917, 1918 and 1919,
by James Sameson. He shows concusively, think,
that there is contradiction in these reportsthat
the facts ascertained in India are precisely those
which have been observed later in England, and but
last year in Bavara that any apparent contradiction
is due solely to accompanying circumstances by
which the results were modified, and which in part
are mentioned by the authors themselves and that
skiful and scientific reasoner like DR.. Liebg who
prophesied years ago that the cholera would never
become epidemic in Wurzburg, (Which was proved
last year. when nobody died there, except those who
brought it there from other places would have been
able to arrive at the conclusion he did, had he
read but any of those reports, or observed the
progress Of cholera from its inception to its disap
pearance in single city.
have not time now to translate any considerable
portion of the work before me- as to furnish data
for the doctors conclusions; but will simply state
what these conclusions are He, himself, expresses
the hope that these conclusions will be attacked by
other members Of the faculty, in order that he may
be able to answer them with facts and observations
I'm the investigation of any truth" he says, 1T is
necessary first to ascertain one fact principle be-
yond the power of contradiction and then from this
to go to the next one. The facts ascertained in
gard to the cholera are:-
l. That it is not contagious, in the usual sense of
the word: but that it can nevertheless be carried
from one place to another.
q That it always follows the usual routes Of com.
merce.
g. That no elevation above the level Of the ocean,
furnishes guarantee against the disease nor is any
depth necessarily exposed to its ravages.
A. That no contagious cholera matter is floating in
the atmosphere and that consequently the disease 10
not propagated by currents OF air.
S. That it is not propagated through the water.
6. That it is propagated through the earth.
Z. That the earth receives and developes the cho-
lcra contagion from the excrements OF diseased per-
sons.
s. That excrements from diseased person thrown
into sink or privy, are capable OF Transforming the
whole mass into hearth OF cholera contagon.
rhaHx hn .senx hxv In1s
on Of organic substances, and especially of excre
ments penetrate the earth, rise to the surface, and
become then the cause of fevers and of cholera.
10. That there has not been single case Of
cholera observed in Bavaria that could not be traced
to that species Of infection.
IL. That the stools OF persons afflicted with
cholera, or that peculiar species OF darrhra which
usually precedes cholera, are more infectious than
those who are actually seized with the disease
H. That cholera is always carried to place
where it has not yet appeared by diseased person,
and communicated through excrements brought in
contact with the EARTH and that there is no other
way OF propagatiDg the disease. Immediate contact
with the patient inhaing the air of the sick room,
washing Of the dead body, nay. even dissecting it
after death, does not communicate the disease.
ID. Not every species of earth acts on the process
OF decomposition in like manner, and the capacity
for spreading the contagon in the manner above
stated varies in consequence with the composition of
the soils on which dwellings are built. On rocky
foundation. granite or sandstone, cholera never be-
lime or clay, or any other cause which keeps the
ground moist, may become teeming womb for the
cholera contagion.
a. The cholera poison may be in person from
one TO twentyeght days without manifesting itself.
This fact furnishes measure for the distance to
which it may he carried from one place 70 another.
Is. The disease which is not communicated by con-
tact s carried to the inmates of houses, sleeping in
rooms exposed to the cholera poison as above en-
gendeled.
l6. II the cholera "a proved in London is more in
tense and fatal in the plain than OIL elevations it
will, OH investigation. lie found that it Is owing to
the better drainage. by which filth is removed before
it IL decomposed before it enters. in damp and
wet soils into process Of fermentation. DR.. Petten
kofsr found some Of the worst cases of cholera on
hills where the prvies Of houses still higher situated
emptied into sinks or sewers Of improper fall. The
upper houses were generally exempt.
IL. To prevent contagion the stools of cholera pa
tiens must lie disinfected before they are empticd.
The best disinfecting agent is vtriol Of ron Chic
ride Of lime only pures the air, but does not des
troy the cholera poison.
han, a. oh 40