Plymouth banner. (Plymouth, Marshall County, Ind.) 1852-1855, 1855-02-08
Enteraal improvements.
a. ne S.nate and Hlas, ii Rep-esentatir.s

To TIE Senate and Hoas, of Representatives.:
IL rs.urnins to the IL,usc Of Repre- senta,iyes.
IN winch il orig mated, bn enii a ''..n act
making appropriations tor the rep II. preserya-
to D, an / com p.ctIon Of ceriain pab ic WORKS.
Heretofore commenced L ider authority Ollav,''
II he came necess ny for rae, owing - the late
lav IL which the bill WIS passed II state ny
nhie,ii--ls 20 il very briefly, announcing ut II,
slnc title a p Irpos- to resume the subject Ia
more del b,r.:e ,lsc.,s 0 AZ The psesent seS-
ioa of Congress, ies, VILE by n lucaus iasci.-
si,le Of The ara1o-sIess of tue task thus M l,r-
t.kan nv me. I ,nccve that the two Houses
were ci..i.l-d 20 an exposition III Tie consider
ations which I'D nlsced d ssent 81 my part
..o:,i ,heir conclusions il This instance.
TIE great .u-.itati5nal q sion @. h P "
~ OF the general cofern-l-i. "a relation 70 II
,crn..l ~. o,,.f,lcu,slas been the I'll &c. oi
e1racS: n5rencc OF OIL ION az every nod OF
tee tbs or. 81 IN L it'd St.taa Vi America
Aurlll, AID r-- al ~ seses y successive j res
ac.ts have been o-' pi-J wi +, 50 leiup-
~ rc.n.r'ys og l.- -sAerAl ion.c. -ai irelIe'i'iy
ohe .iu', - -iartic lar Dill. iie con-l.e-i' Z
ssulr.ef.s Ct c4li I-.i, st.iosme!'. exPrs sci n
; l.f->, "a i.. ctus e..t. a. cal 4 expire 10
devils 30 some plan &. sll,ed - se-
ie.o sa,geo; {. he en-. srr..ss...ea'S ~..a
S. F. i-is eaeirone w. J. tdey have d.rcctet
ps lie = '1ti.'l- tr'rSN -ts ai=9nitade p. iAe
interests iuvo., ID, az y .c.t inset. 81 -..V
!ral.s. no; r!e4,l 0 c pei ei.ey. bag oi c9n-
ct; luel power, .u = .4;-en - WIS Of tais
Class bv the genera govrraue Z.
\, AT is attended - tuc parse Internal I'M
pro, alei.'s'' ltn-5 q Is u c1lsr G end what
exclude! N such .lgag IS luuld Il tue coz
,t,utinn. y t ou,y i It4.st IA express It
ri tible 90 istitationai power but Il has ip
sltilcieal cxacine's oineeln5 20 be OF aay vi
ue a. ti- bls's ol safe coa,lusion. either oi
constitutional law r practical sffits ship
Pfesiaeu. JJhr Q ,i,c, y. ms, - claiming. II
one occasion. after as retirement from III -.
he authorship 81 The idea OF introducing into the
sia'n.stra ION Oiihe e1eral government IA
permanent nj regular system. Of internal IN
p-Dvcmetts, speaks of - a'sys -esl ~ ,,lie i
1.-THE whole L lion would nave been Gle ker~l
over " III railroads aai can lis. az r;ing. nigh
wages ana constant emp oyment - hln,ire Is
ard thou lands OIL 50reiS," ai.d b ia 5 II in
express contrast VIII thc construction 81 such
works By the lei l.,ioa D; ,heS a.es aud by
private enterprise.
lis q litc ob,in1s that IL there be anT con
s,i.ut.olal ppsver which Nutaur rs he cons'rhc-
ton o r;lill roads and canals ~ Congress: tle
ss,ue i,oc. -. IN slssomploaehd tsrns .kes ana
common carriage rcad.: nay II aust extend =
| Inc construction OF bridg ;, "a the drainsge U
| marshes. 10 the erection .. lssees, 10 the con
! All the possible means Of the material improve
inent Of he earth. by developing It's internal
] resources .anvNvler- and ev-r where, even with
Ia tie pro; urls fiction OF the several States.
bat f here he any constitutional power Ii Is
! % nprclensiye IL It's ia urc, must not the same
! pow c enbra.'e within It's scope other K n Is a
! improvements oi,q al di.lity IN themsl es and
Is q ially imp lriant 10 the welfare 81 the whel
rouG,ryl Preside 1t J ffcrsoa WIN. iAtuat
ii 81. -
=, cosl.ris objects Of ply SIC i progress and
vel brag, does not tail 10 lefc i've that o.hei
.lsc.s If pGbile improvement. lncllding pub
&c education, by iame, ltlslg 10 the sanis
class a.. poSers. IN fast not only public in
s.racao,, bni SPIRAL, establishments Of sci
en~e aud AZ, laI iries, '.nj indeed every ;iiins
| IPperliuing l. the n.ernai welfare q the cou;l
to-, ate justas much objec's OF II! raal utiiii.
u canals aud railways
i There being 10 specific grant in III
propriaiions for internal improvements
and no general provision broad enough t,
cover anF such indeiinaie object, il be
comes necessary To look for par,iculs
powers - which one or another of th
things included in the phrase 'inlerna
improvement may be REFEREED.
Ip-ihe discussion Of thi< question i.
,h@, d.ftesS1 ~, orgshlz~.ien OF
:. genEtal sretedi o. intsfnal iap:ssxemen,
/. un,Ss the ,.susP1ies II ,h<,lsas.al gas
) rcrnaen,sas lance is had. for tha Asl.ii
seslj.n ofAe gessp tsf.aps severe; of tn
:: poSsrs, ex pfeSsly gJylnteNo Nssress
s.ich sz.gta, establish -5lasto thcez nnG rs
( roads, to''aecTare yar; TO provide :sis
ma r., r.si@:s navy 20 .raisss:sast suproj
: armies; 10 'regulai s pmerce. aud Z
; dispose e the ii,erritdly fsna. other publ
PSper'y'of iAs Uniscd States.~..
LAS 70 the 1s;: of HIS .sources Of powe
. -lh
af diposXg OF tho terii;5ry4sh
other public pro{sry> Of ths~. Unias
States-it may be conceded that it au
| t3-y'1es. Congress, in the management c
tie pdGic properly. ta.make impIeye
ments' essehdal~to the keece .sful exscu
Z. ton 6f:'he..rrust-s but dis ma be..itl
t Primary object of any such mproy me n,
) ffald it weud be th abuse of the trust /
sac taRee the interest a9s-,he property t
incidep.tal purposes. X =, .a,
5 As-to the olhet assumed eouress Of
general power over intsrndY improve
tmen's, they being specific poyersrso
r@whicA i9Qs-is: supposed to bs the. Incl
dent, if The frsmets of the. sonstisu fulton
wise aud thoughtful men as they were
intended TO confer on Congress the pove
ovsSa SUBJECT so wids, as llye whole fs4
et1nternal mprovements. It Is remark
abls,i,at they did notus- language clear
ly.O express it; or, in other words, ,ha
they did not give il as a. distisct an,
substantive power, insiesfd Of making.
the implied incident of some other ole
+. such is the magnitude of the supposed in
cidental power and its capacity of sx
i tepsios. that any system esia blisl~l on
I. dss il would exceed each CT the Others il
the amount of expenditure and numbr
of the persons employed which woul
thus be thrown upon the gensral..govern
ment. w = -
This position may be illustrated'b
taking. as a single example. one Of tn
many things comprehended clearly in tn
idea Of "a general system of interna
s& ssl ~ IS f-z.ss Rf#