The Sumter banner. [volume] (Sumterville, S.C.) 1846-1855, 1855-02-07

may ue substituted Tor the SUI face soil
SO removed. The exposure to sun and
air will so amcliorate its condition
that it will soon become surface soil.
1t is an excellent practice to place
bones, horn piths, wooleh ragst leather
shavings, and other refuse materials.
such as old mortar, bricks, etc, in the
bottom of the holes US q deposit uf
materials for the future use OF the tree.
liza hole be dug near vigorous tree.
and fresh bone be placed in it, at the
end OF year the bone be dug up, It
will be cncirclcd with fbrous roots
thrown out from the tree and feeding
upon its substance.
The field devoted to fruit trees
should be underdrained, if wet, for
no tree can do we'll in wet, could sour
soil. We would advise the deep and
thorough understanding Of naturally
Dry lands practice which is now
pursued in England with great success,
and which We have not tha least doubt
would prove an excellent inYestmen,
on American farms, particularly on
those portions which are expected to
yield so abundantly as orehards.-
Deep and sub.soil plowing must nee.
essarily prccede the transplanting of
trees, for with the exception of the
middle portions between the rows Of
trees, they can not afterwnrd be done
thoroughly without great injury to
them.
Compost manures are best adapted
to trees. Unfermcnted, concentrated,
ammonical manures, are hiyhyly inju.
rious, disorganizing the spongioles and
rendering the tree unhealthy. Large
amounts of mulch, river or pond mud,
turf, sods wood, mold or other refuse
vegetable matter prepared by the use
Of the salt and lime mixture, or char.
coal dust, mixed with ordinary ma.
nures, or with guano, hen dung, or
other concentrated fertilizers, may be
used with safety, and should be min.
gled with the soil, not placed in i'm.
mediate contact with roots.
Trees never should be set deeper
than where they grew in the nursery.
u anyl ng, thcycshould stand an inc II
or two higher TO ALLOW FOR tho set.
Ting OF the soil which will leave them
at the proper depth. Care must be
taken to give every rootles its natural
position, and when oil ready, fine
mold spriLkied over them, so tha,
every crack and crevice may be filled
When properly covered, q few quarts
OF water thrown on from broad spout
SO as to give the streams fiat, thin
form, will carry the soil about every
root and insure success in its future
growth. The practice Of shaking, re.
commended by many writer's, is ex.
tremely injurious. We know from
ample experience in pursuing both
methods. During the operation OF
shaking, the roots are drawn out of
| place and are left in a cramped posi-
ton.
After having carefully planted a
tree, set tall, plant stake near it,
and make the tree fast by means of a
wisp of straw, or soft tow string. or
strong bast mating. The object in
using Timber stake is to give the tree
an opportunity TO move when attacked
by winds, and yet remain firm enough
to prevent being nprooted or having
its roots drawn from their proper
place.
A mulch covering of loose straw,
coarse litter, seaweed, coarse manures.
spent tan bark, stones, bits of boards.
chips, etc, placed around the tree, pre-.
vents rapid evaporation Of moisture.
aud thus enhances the likelihood of
success. Trees may be freely watered
when mulched, but when not SO treat.
ed, it often does much injury by com.
pacting the soil and preventing the
access Of air.
Diluted gnano water, solution of
night soil. improved superphosphate
Of lime, and other concentrated fertili.
GERS, may be applied to trees with
profit at almost any season of the
year.
When guano alone is used. it should
be dug in the ground in the fall, so
that the autumn and winter rains n,av
dissolve and distribute it through the
soil, and destroy its virnlence before
the season ofrapid growth commences.
Should it come in contact with the
sponeioles in its concentrated form. it.
would result in their destruction.
SuperPhosphate and improved super.
phosphate Of lime are valuable as
application to fruit trees Of all classes.
and may be used at any season with:
out fear of evil results. Indeed, fine
fruit cannot be grown without the pre-.
sence Of phosphates In the soil, and
we have every reason to believe, both.
from theory and actual experiment.,
that the use Of tho soluble phosphates
is productive ofthe greatest benefits
to fruit trees ofevery description.
Probably the best method for wa.
tering trees is to bury a piccc or two
ofPipe tiles, with one point below the,
body OF the tree, and the other coming
To fkn sur{aca or .tbo n.o,,,,l srjTI.n5