Butte record., 1855-01-06

Mexico, according to the provisions OF
the treaty of the 30th of December last,
has been organized, and the work is al
ready commenced.
Our treaties with the Argentine Con-
federation, and with the Republic OF
Uruguay and Paraguay, secure to US the
free naviga ton of the river La Plata and
some of its larger tributaries; but the
same success has not attended oar en-
deavors to open the Amazon. The rea-
sons in favor of the free use of that river
[ had occasion to present fully in a for
mer message; and, considering tire cor
i di Il relations VII oh have long existed
between this government ard Brazil, ii
may be expected that pending ncgolia-
tions will, eventually, reach favorable
result.
Convenient mrans of transit, between
the several parts of a country, are not
only desirable for the objects Of com =,
mercial and personal communication, but
essential to its existance under one gov
ernment Separated as are the Atlantic
ami Pacific coasts of the United States
by the whole breadth of the continent.
sill the inhabitants Of each are closely
bound tog' ther by community of origin
and institutions, and by strong attach
ment to the Union. Hence the constant
and increasing interest and vast inter-
change Of commercial productions be-
TWEEN these remote divisions of the Re
public. At the present time, the INST
practicable and only conmodious route,
for communication between them are by
the way OF the Isthmus Of Central AmcIi-
ca. 1t IS the duty Of the government to
secure these avenue against all danger
Of interruption.
In rclltion to General America, per-
picking questions existed between the
United States and Great Britain at the
time of the cessi"n Of California. These
as well as questions which subsequently
arose concerning inter-oceanic coInmu-
nication across the Isthmus, were, as it
was imposed, adjusted by the treaty Of
April 10, 1850; but. unfortunately, they
had re-opcned by serious misunderstood
ing as 10 the import Of some Of its pro
visions, a rc-adjustmont Of which is now
under consi Icratior. Our Minister at
London has made strenuous ctflit to
accomplish This d-si.able object, bat has
not yet found it possible to bring the ne
gotiations t. termpaii III.
As incidental to tn Sc questions, |
deem it proper to notice an occurrence
which happened in Central America,
near the clos: Of the last scSsi of Con-
gress. So soon as the necessity was per
ceived of the establishing inter-oceanic
communications across the lsthmus, a
company was organic d, under authori
Of the STATE OF Nicaragua, bat composed
for the mo It part Of citiZens OF tn Uni
ted States, fur The purpose of opening
such transit way, by the San Juan and
lake Nicaragua, which soon boeame an
eli2ible and n.uch used route in the
transportation of our citizens and their
property between tie Atlantic and Pa
ciiic Meanwhile, and in anticipation of
the completion and Importance of this
transit way, number Of adv, nturers
had taken possession Of the old Spanish
port at the mouth Of the river San Juan,
in open defiance of the State or States
of Central America, which, upon their
becoming Independent, had righlfully
succeeded 10 the local sovereignty and
jurisdiction Of Spain. These adventures
undertook to change the name Of The
place from San Juan dsl Norte to Grey
town, and though at fl st pretending to
act as the subjects of the fictitious sover-
eign Of the Mosquito Indians, they sub
sequently repudiated the control Of my
power whatever, assumed to adopt
distinct political organizltio and de-
clared them elves an ndepend mt sover-
eign State If, at some time faint
hope was entertained that they might be-
come stable and respectable commani.
ty, that hope soon vanished. They pro-
ceeded to assert unfounded claims to
civil Jurisdiction over Punta Arenas, a
/ posit on Oh tue opposite side of the river
San Juan, VIII ch was in POSSESSION, un-
der title wholly Independent of them, of
citizens of the United States, interested
in the Nicaragua Transit Company, and
which was lndispenSably necessary to
the prosperous operation of that route
across the l thmus. The company re-
sisted their groundl IS claims where
upon they proceeded to destroy some Of
its buildings, and attempted violently to
dispossess it.
At a later period they organized a
strorg force for the purpose Of demolish.
ing the establishment at Punta Arenas,
but this mischicvous design was defeated
by the interposition Of one Of our ship
of wa, at that time in the harbor of
San juan Subsequently to this, in May
last, body of men from Greytown
crossed over to Puata Arenas, arroga-
| ting authority to arrest, on the charge OF
murder, captain Of one of the steam
boals Of the Transit Company, Being
well aware that the claim to exercise
jui isdlction there would be resisted then,
as 1T had been on a previous occasion,
they went to assert il by force of arms.
Oar minister to Cen,ra! America hap
pened to be present ON that OCCASION
Believing that the captain of the steam
boat was innocent, for he witnessed the
| transaction on which tho charuo vraS