davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Minnesota weekly times., 1855-02-20
REPEAL OF THE USURY LAWS.

Among the most important changes that are
proposed in the commercial and financial circles
of the times, is repeal or an essential modifi-
cation of the usury laws. This subject is about
to undergo thorough investigation by the legis-
latures of various States, namely New York.
Georgia, Tennessee, Maryland, and elsewhere
They have for an example the recent movement
in Europe.
The entire repeal of the usury laws in Great
Britain has been accomplished at the recent ses-
sion of Parliament. The act by which this is ac-
complished is known as ch. 90, xvii. and xviii.
Victoria, and is now in operation. It is now
lawful in Great Brita co loan money at any rate
of interest and on any description of property,
either real estate or otherwise.
The Bill passed the House of Lords on the 9th
of July. We find the most distinguished names
among the supporters of the Bill. We extract
from the speeches made on the occasion of its
second reading, the following pointed comments
ON usury laws. Lord Landsdown in concluding
said =
The usury laws, in fact, did no good whatever,
but they produced great inconvenience thev af-
fected to do what all the powers of the legisla-
ture could not do-to apply different principle
to one description of commodity from that which
was applied to every other, and they interfered
with the principle of supply and demand. Hav-
ing referred to Calvin as among the distinguish
ed men who had doubted their policy, and to
Jeremy Bentham as having dealt the first great
blow against them, the noble marquis concluded
by expressing an earnest hope that their lordships
| would consent to the second reading of the bill,
Lord Campbell expressed his great satisfaction
that the usury laws were about to be entirely
swept away. From his long experience in courts
of Justice, he could testify to the mischiev ous
effects which they produced. They had been
practically swept away in all cases except where
real security was given; but in the cases in which
they were retained they led to good deal of lit
igaton, and proved most disastrous and even ruin.
Gus to those whom they were avowedly intended
to protect. They had given q great deal of EN-.
ployment to the Encountered Estates Courts IL
Ireland, and he believed that many estates in Ire.
land which might otherwise have been disincum.
bered had been brought to the hammer through
the operation of these laws.
| Lord Brougham supported the bill, both OF
mercantile and moral grounds.
The Lord Chancellor also supported the bill
The usury laws could always be defeated BY &
person who was willing to resort to something
which bOrdered upon fraud.
Our readers land the Legislature of New Yorl
especially must bear in mind that this importan
change in the commercial policy of Great Britain
is not q hasty one. II was begun in 1888, and ha.
been gradually and fully developed, demonstrates
BY experience As sound policy, and now afte
twenty years. observation, is universally acknexl
edged in Great Britain as the only Just course t,
be pursued with this bill-Kennedys CONNER
ciaI Reriesc. afi H1s
~ Counterfeit ives Of the Casoo Bank q
Minnesota weekly times., 1855-02-20

Abstract of lands sold at Saltwater Land Office
during the week ending February 10th, 1855, in
Ramsey County.
E. l-2 of S. w. IA of Section 2, Town 80,
Range %.
W. l-2 of S. W. IA of Section 8, Town 80,
Range %.
S.W. IA of N. E. IA of Section %, Town 80,
Range %.
S. E. Ia Of Sec. 35, Town 80, Range %.
n. l-2 of S. W. IA and S. l-2 of N. w. Ia of
Sec. IS, Town 80, Range %. 60
NE. IA of N. E. IA of Section q, Town 81,
Range %.
S. E. IA of Sec. "a, Town 80, Range, %.
S.l-2 of N. W. IA of Section 26, Town 80,
Range %.
N. E. IA Of s. E. Ia Of Section %, Town 81,
Range %.
N. W. Ia Of S. E. IA of Section q, Town 81,
Range p. -
Minnesota weekly times., 1855-02-20

YusEr AGAIN.-We learn that the identical
Yusef, whose character is so glowingly portrayed
by j. Ross Browne, in his Crusade of the East" !"
is now residing in this country, near Louisville,
Kentucky. He occasionally appears in Oriental
Costume, and creates considerable excitement.
This information is derived from Mr.. Browne,
and is therefore entitled to credence.
Cg Mr.. Browne has consented to lecture be-
fore the st. Paul Literary Association, sometime
next week. notice of which will be given.
Minnesota weekly times., 1855-02-20

CO The young gentleman whom the gods de-
creed to be the happy recipient of certain tender
note from "Josephine" "-has just tainted onmak-
ing the startling discovery that his fair corrcspon
dent spells Valentine with q v. In moment Of
returning consciousness he expressed hope that
the disclosure Of this secret would not deter his
anonymous Divinity from sending along anoth-
er Bill-or-two (Billet-Doux.) ios
He Immediately relapscd-and no hopes are en-
tertained Of his recovery.
Minnesota weekly times., 1855-02-20

Messrs. Page & Bacon, We learn from private
sources, will probably close up their business and
not resume at present. A close examination of
their affairs has developed the extraordinary fact,
that they need not have failed at all, If their
books had been properly posted, that they had on
hand available funds sufficient to meet the run
upon them, and did not know it. AS it is their
assets exceed their liabilities by some millions.
Messrs. Duncan & Sherman, whose conduct, in
connection with this failure has been severely
probated, are now generally regarded as having
acted merely the part OF common prudence in
the matter. .s7Tg"r
Minnesota weekly times., 1855-02-20

The LEGIsLArrRE.-An effort was made in the
House yesterday to root up some of the corruption
there, but the resolution to appoint committee
for that purpose, was voted down. just as VIC
expected, Bribery and Rascality leads-clear
the way.
Minnesota weekly times., 1855-02-20

The MILITARY REsERvE.-An act has passed
the U. S. House of Representatives giving set
tiers an opportunity to prove up their pre- emption
rights on the Reserve, but it must be done within
three months from the passage of the act, which
passed the House on the lst of February. 1t is
thought the bill will pass the Senate and become
Minnesota weekly times., 1855-02-20

C1Y- Capt. Alexander Wilkin ana A. Vance
Brown, Esq, left for the East yesterday. They
return on the opening of navigation. We wish
them pleasant journey.
Minnesota weekly times., 1855-02-20

JUDGE OF PRoBATE.-L. Nj. Oliver, Register of
Deeds, announces that Richard Fewer, is Judge
of Probate for Ramsey County, j. M. Stone, the
former Judge, having resigned his Office, and re-
moved to Dakota County.
Minnesota weekly times., 1855-02-20
ST. PAUL MARKETS.
DAILY TIMES OrFIcE,l
Feb. 20. 1855.

Feb. 20. 1885.
NARKErs.-Greater activity prevails In the market than
at the time Of last report Flour however, remains frm
$ssX. Wheat quantities hand and ready sales At
81 ESQ 1,5O Oats, ready q
Corn, Sales from 90c@l,OO Lumber,
seasoned quantity insufficient
Matched Flooring, ready sales at $30 M Wood, plenty
market, and s 1t Sales quantities
$s@4.
WEIGHTS OF GRAIH.-The following the established
weights Of grains this Territory: Wheat, 60
Clover Seed 60 MS bu; Rye, 5S rs bu; Indian Corn, So
Ms bu; Oates, 81 ns bu; Barley, 4Sns bu Buckwhsat,
- MS q bu. 'n.+ 'tf
Minnesota weekly times., 1855-02-20

Nxw CONFERENCE.-The cashier Of the State
Bank of Indiana gives notice that . oounterfeit
SO Indiana State Bank bill has lately been
seen, which Is very wen execated, bat is too dark
in the engraving, and the numbering on both
sides is by the same hand, which - never the
case in the genuine bills. This was On the La
fayetts branch, but it viii doubtless be used fof
othefs. Il is dangerous counterfeit. sssf-
Minnesota weekly times., 1855-02-20
THOS. S. WILLIAMSON.

To-DAY-the resolutions of MIR. Davis, impli-
edly accusing members of bribery, will come up
in the House for action. There will be some rare
speeches on the occasion.
Minnesota weekly times., 1855-02-20

New CouNrERrEIrs.-Look out for tens on the
birmingham Bank, Mass. vignette, milkmaid
tance, large x. and GODDESS with the Ameri-
can flag, surrounded by three cherubs at the right
end of the bill. rs.a
The Lexington (Ky.) Observer says that they
have been shown . counterfet bill Of the North
ers Bank of Kentucky. It is one dollar bill
made into twenty. BY holding the bill to the
light and rubbing the finger over the face the fraud
Minnesota weekly times., 1855-02-20
WM. ii. SEWARD.

The reelection of this gentleman to the United
States Senate, from New York, has been the
cause of great rejoicngs in the cities of Albany,
Rochester, Syracuse, Washington and in other
places. \ correspondent Of the Tribune, writing
from Albany, states that as soon as the announce
ment of Mr.. Stewards election was made known
in the Assembly, the Chamber echoed with cheers,
and cannon doomed forth their tones from the hill
tops back of the city, and from Capitol Square.
Great enthusiasm was manifested.
At Washington Mr.. Stewards house was crowd
cd during the evening with citizens and strangers.
A band of music and splendid supper were a.
mong the pleasant things of the occasion. On
the reception of the news at Syracuse, eighty
seven guns were fired. At Rochester, flags were
hoisted, bonfrcs kindled, and one hundred and
twenty-five guns fired.
However much either the Wing or Democratic
parties may differ with Mr.. Seward as to his abo-
liton notions, they must admit that he is one of
ablcst statesmen in this country. His election at
this particular time, when northern dOughfaces
arc seeking to crush out freedom by playing toa-
dyism to the south, is truly refreshing. He will
manfully battle for Human Rights, and will never
shrink from the responsibility resting upon him
as the Champion of the Poor Slave. In these
times it is necessary that we should elect men
who have back bones, and as Governor Seward
possesses this requisite, we shall not weep because
he has been returned to the U. S. Senate.
Minnesota weekly times., 1855-02-20
REAL ESTATE,

As the winter advances TO its Termination, We
discover symptoms of inoreasing liveliness in the
Real Estate market. The transactions Of the
last month or two, have been mostly confined to
professional dealers. Investments for purposes
of speculation have boen comparatively few out
side of the trade. ,7s-s.3s
But speculation is waking up from it's hyemal
torpor, to find rates considerably advanced over
last fall. But private owners are holding back
for the spring trade, in expectation Of o rapid
rise under the pressure of the immense immigra-
ton, which is confidently predicted, as the result
of the hard times at the East, cooperating with
the splended inducements which our Territory,
of all others, offers to the fortune seeking emil
grant. In the meantime mortgages are accumu-
lating especially on property of small owners.
We know men who won't sell at present prices,
who are build ng perfect pyramids of mortgages
on their property. We only hope that they may
not, like the famous monuments of Egyptian fol-
ly-become the tombs of their builders.
We advise everybody to sell at present prices
rather than pay Eve per cent. for money and on
the other hand we advise everybody who may
want town lot, or a piece of land for business
purposes, to buy at present rates. ..
In general terms We do not encourage young
gentlemen whose resources are limited, to lot in
Leech's addition, to fill out visionary circum-
ference of social Importance, and swell bills at
the fancy goods stores, on the presumption that
we are going to leap into New York prices rs
soon as the river opens.
MONEY! MARKET.
Devilsh tight-as usual -enly little more so.
5per cent. per month for short loans, was the ex-
ception to the rule last weekr-it is the rule this
The best names are discounted at rates varying
from three to four per cent. Loans for year
or more on real estate continue to be made at the
rates quoted last week. The general stringency
is especially felt by the merchants whose eastern
and southern debts are maturing at the counters
of our Brokers. af
We notice yellow smirk of satisfaction on the
the placid cheeks of Shylock, about these times.
-Shylock is much sought after. He has a crowd
of worshippers, and airs himself in incense. Up
right, God fearing men, troubled with intermit-
tant scruples on the subject of usury, find Shy
lock to be a very clever fellow, in his way, just
now-notwithstanding certain high authorities to
the contrary. Vide our columns on the subject of
usury, which we commend to the careful consider
alton of the professors of medieval prejudice
and hide bound piety.
Currency is scarce, and this has its effect on ex-
change which is quoted elsewhere.
Minnesota weekly times., 1855-02-20
WORLDS FAIR.
LOUIS ROBERTS

LOUlS hOBERIS
ITAS the public that he has purchased the
III and stock Of goods and invites In
The Best and Latest Style Of Goods
win be constantly hand, and sold at very low prices
DRY GOODS AND FANCY GOODS
e% r in al ana Mt ae
been the articles meet the wish
dress and toilet goods to be Of the most
attention has been paid Furnishing Goods and
curtains, with furniture, carpengs every kind,
generally article required the comfort adoment
For GENTLEMEN prepared with vast variety
Of boots Shoes hats caps clothing, under clohine' and in
Having experienced and skul cutter, with
make short notice, clothing Of variety, and suit
Dealers from the upper country will find at the WORLDS Fair
large stock Of goods in New York. with special
re- M 10 % s
such rates to make an object for
Among the muItituds he has hand at the
House Furnishing Goods.
Of all kinds, qualities and price comprising tapestry, three
ply ingram; hemp mating arusset and oil cloth earpst
ed table and piano inens wall and window
sans menos chntzes printed oottons long
len shaw laces embroderies edgng insertngs, chemi
settes, cuffs, together with cloth coaks, manlas, mu
etc. This department for Its variety and complete
Mems oaiso Of the latest Styles Thoroughly made
carefully selected from the stocks OF the MAKERS
Hats and Caps endless variety and at every kind Of prices
Beots aad Shoes from approved Eastern anuf.c-
This branch Of trade has received Roberts especial
enon, styles.
goodness work and elegance Of his stock
CATERS slippers plain and fanc and ladies shoes
cannot be surpassed by stock west Of Chicago.
Grass-BIeached LSaea Shirsings,
Beachery
Ireland possesses facility obtaining
them being selected
Erfra sid Sheeng and P1ow CGsisg-A superior arti-
Gle, better than before offered here.
Cotton Pas in endless vay and Of the latest and most
approved styles. .l .- -
Al that belongs to complete Dry may
found in the WORLDS Fair, which has attached to also
depzrtmentfor the sale Of
GROCERIES, PROVISIONS, &c. 4 -.
The stock is fresh and has but recently arrived It
leced udcousy BY experienced and article
In found
Black and teas, recently puchascd IN New Ys nei
clarified and crushed brown Havana, and New
Orleans Rio, Java, Mocha and Laguyrz coffee Jasper
soda, biscuit, crackers; SPERM
and prssd mod candies, soaps, plain and
wooden vck sasdnes, OYSTERS eisus spices preserved
C2ojee Lqvoys By the quantity in bottles, eompssne
Otsr DupV Old A. de-
ss S % f 5es sS s AZ a. VIM: .S ssse s sa a.
Bourbon whskey; London Porter, Scotch All, etc. etc.
p. n. BEACtHU,
/ Agent LOUIS KOBERIs.
FARMERS and others invited 70 bring produoe.-
Cash VIII be pasd the full market rases
| Saint Paul, Jan. -, Ia6sdwtf
| n. .. Bnowmxo, wALrKp D. STEWART, Bsxrv arIxr
BROWNING. SHEWART ALLEN, II
| vxJH0LESALE Dealers IN DOU73 AND SHOES, ~ Was
Cbsmsess ana me Irving House, NesI Ysst.
| wM. n. ALLEH. = &ldec9eSm) y0nu y. NEELs.
| Wfllfaa BFeyvsfei-
/ DealeP I'm Real Esasae enA Nsaasy Pvnase.
.g-aTs 30 Bank hOw, frP SfAIRS.t
- Hssl, ian. 81 iee6-Ahwlf s7,-1 - ss-ssssr -
Minnesota weekly times., 1855-02-20

G. Counterfeit fves of the Casco Bank q
Portland are in extensive circulation in the nsigh
borhood Of Boston.
Minnesota weekly times., 1855-02-20
The CnSe of Judce Aaron Goodrich.

The Case of Judge Aaron Goodrich.
The decision in this case, to which we have
looked forward with considerable interest, has
been decided against Mr.. Goodrich, on what
grounds, is not yet known. The information is
derived from a dispatch from Washington, dated
the 9th, which says: ...
Aaron Goodrich, VS.. j. Gurthrie, Secretary
Treasury, error to Circuit Court of District Of
Columbia. Judge Catron delivered the opinion
of the Court, affirming the Judgment of the Dis
trict Court with costs. .
This decision was only on the Mandamus.
Minnesota weekly times., 1855-02-20

LAND FOR SALE.
IHORTY St. Anthony; valuable claims within
miles OF the Falls interest in valuable water
power twenty acresmmediaelyn Of town. large
Der of lots I'm the osng counyscats OF Minneapolis Shak
opce, lie Sucr and Mankato. ~ .-t..
dec27-tf PROPER K WILCOX.
WANTED.
FEW Good Lots in st. Anthony and St. Paul Gold
n Warrants Currency, Drafts &C., at the current rates
exchange.
70 Interest allowed special deposits.
dec27-tf PROPER & WILCOX.
INSURANCE.
VXIESTERN INSURANCE COMPANY, OLEAN, N. T.
wv Applications received and policies issued this ONCE
the safest and most favorable terms. . -.-
PROPER WILCOX,
Real Estate, Surveyors and General Agents. Land
on,ce Building. Minneapolis, Minnesota. dec27-u
Minnesota weekly times., 1855-02-20

CITY LAND OFFICE.

SME subscrben established, the Banking Oce 81
l. o. n PARKEn, the city OF St. Paul, Land Once Sos
the Of All business In growing out Of
- real estate IN the Territory Ninnesota
Boss have Been opened, wherein individuals having
dispose Of have entered therein the description OF
terms Of payment such other particulars they
desire to make known, which books viii be to the In
spection Of all, without charge.
All land thus registered win Advertised daily Of
the city, and also I'm the Real Estate Circular, to BE- issued By
the subcbe weekly, after the LIST Of May next there
keeping registered continually before the pub
lie, and insurfDg rpecdy and satisfactory saics.
To their office those wishing make Investments In real
tate will Of turn their attention. In addition to the
above be found full t Of government land enrtes
Map: Of entered ands corrected map Of the
Ramsey and plas the different cities and additions
thereto, said county. Acompee M Of al lands sold 10 raid
title to each dstWcf tract parcel situated In said
county, from the general government 10 the iGtef grantee,
1herefn noted every defect Of title, either in form sab
sasce snd evevy pos6ie Kind Of Hen creating On embsrrs-
ens eAsAer atse. by vay sdgme"ts sogsges fares,
nechanics' or otherwise.
Government lands entered settlers reasonable terms,
made in real estate and generally all
that be entrusted and usually done through
Re. Estate receive personal and prompt at
tention. -+f 81, va b. ..t-
The services sveyor well posted up,' have
cured.
D. @. PRICE,
st. Paul, Feb. 20. 1885, G. II. PARKER.
Minnesota weekly times., 1855-02-20

y. .. BnowHINo. wALTEH D. sTEwARr, BExRv ALLxx.
BROWNING. 8HEWART & ALLEN. F-FH
vxIHOLESALE Dealers IN BOU73 AND SHOES, ~ Wss.
w street. stairs nrss direct below
Chambers sn1 the Irving House, Xev Yosk. -
wM. n. ALLEN. (aee3o-e -eml Stf yO1v y. NEYIs.
Minnesota weekly times., 1855-02-20

tYRRD vABENNB pespecsusy Informs ejttzesso Of S.
RS snd Sasty he has Opened sose on Fost stres4
in te NICK building next 70 the wIpsow Ionse wh large
ssock q Dcers sesecte With ,sssi
which he s fcs sale st The lowest pts Can and
81. Paul, Jan. 81, 1656s-3m "a sf.,-' -
Minnesota weekly times., 1855-02-20

- cAsvxnls - .nashayhs se.s 2 . 9. ! s.1v.

Wan. CARvERis dew and dthfivins to~A d the Nevsh
bank Of - 6fnne1utoz 1ives, Dd1r the foot OF
the Little Rapids; and Asnt nom s. Reul ~ miles
BY water and % miles and 10 miles W water shove
Shskopee. lmmedztey the town, layecresk emprs
into the Minnesota, which Jonathan Carver the rst Ene
circumstance 10 derived the the Place. Carver has
landing eamboatrat and s
head Of navigation the Minnesota whenever
steamboats, the Rapids; which
less than two miles In direct line.
Carver s ric snd extensive back
region pcRfuy tmbered with przier, neadOws,
and lakes inersersed; snd unspessed IN the fey for
the advantages for OF beaum
about 200 families have settled I'm
the region around last spring; yet except for four
five miles back Carver the region spoken Of lies sthi
untouched by the hand Of man. AID peernts rsre
fer mypg the choicest bind caius Carver likewise c-
tant only miles The and people Of Carver have just
completed either side Of their place, several milegof the
North Side Minnesota River Port Smelling
Ridgeiy ana the sioux AEepcyJ ind have
stantia bridge Carver River that there now 20 OBJ
passing vs Carver, between the TIVE rcr ana
entirely the ode T TIE fl4ntsota Anofser Rosd
being made BY the comply Crop River which VII be-
finished ready IN search Of loaon,
navigation opens. ...-e,. "a ....~,r..
wellkep Hofe good sized Warehotse;a Backsmh Sh0p;
and several DspenQs; Ferry will be In operation early
spring. ownership Of the town IN joint stock
company, ds1ded 20 shares and the popeors are -
4. Fullerton. edesf; Dr. Thomas roster Sec
yefayy; Grin Agent for the COMPANY, residing 1t Car
yer, and Rx-ov. Ramsey, Capt. 6am Fullertoh Axs
Jourgensn, u. Brown, and Judge A. Pierse Carver IT, %
doubedly point worth attention Of merchants mechsn
capitalists, either place for settmens
profitable Investment. is1 -
Minnesota weekly times., 1855-02-20

=vs--. PROPER & WILCOX,
Dealers in Real Estate Practical Surveyors and General
.-... -s-- r. Agents. rsts
81. OFFICE In tho U. s. Land Once Buildings,
MINNEAPOLIs, MINNESOTA.
WE purchase and sale village and city
property, farming and rural lands In this vicinity and
other important localities. Particular attention given to
veyns and entering the Pneres or
where in the Territory Property and titles carefully
inc; paid collecting done &c. Agences solicited.
will receive prompt and careful
attention.
PONTIAC, MICH.-Hon c. t. Copelands Judge I'd judicial
District.
MICH-Hon. A. n Hart. Pres't Port Huron and
Lake Michigan Railroad; j. r. White, ESQ.,, Director, do
PITrsBURGH, PA.-Austin LoOms, ESQ.,, Stock and Ex-
change Broker
BURLINGTON, VT.-Rev. worthington Smith, D. d. Pres't
U " M Farrand N Benedict, Professor Mathematics and
Civil Engineering, do Hon A. L. Catlin Collector of Customs
ORWELL, vT.-Hon. Roswell Bottum.
Troy, N. Y.-P NJ Corbin, ESQ.,, Cashier Union Bank.
BELvIDERE, ILLs.-Hon. Cephus Gardne Hon. r. 8. Mo-
lony NJ D., and Alex Nicely, ESQ.,, Prcs Belvidere Bank
SAINT PAUL.-Ex-Csovernor Alex Ramsey; Gov. w. A..
German; J. Travis Rosser, Sec'y MT.
Fort SMELLING, NJ. T.-Erankln Steele, Esq.
MINNEAPoLIs, N. T.-Hon A. f. Ames; n. L. Olds, Re-
gser U. s. Land Office; X. p. Russell, Receiver.
ocf1Q -dvff
Minnesota weekly times., 1855-02-20
sALMoNsI IN pn novEDPXTEHr.

GRliN md GRASS SEED SEP1RAT0R.
TINS Machine took the nyt premium at the s New
Yosk, also at the New Yofk State Fair 1851. s ~
hss been oAerauy introduced States, snd acknow
edged ~ "a 70 be for superior ether 1sne for ceen
nogran cd s sesds; and y sst supeseding ths Of
al e9herS. =, ~ ,5ys ~
Ysrmess arr invitea 70 this nsc6ine be.spe
puschssing any seh<r. ~ Sale on6 ~ y Il s,se .
NcGEOUD 4 BROTHER,
Agents for the refyftosy. iri .
Jsne-u Near the head Of Third ST., St. Paul.
Minnesota weekly times., 1855-02-20
TdF CARVER HOTEL.

HIs commodous House, bur expressly By the Carver Cl
Land Company the present winter, for Hoa Is mo-
open ready OF strangers and
es No pains spared entertain both men and snna
the satisfaction Of the travelling public e'd5 f ~:
Carver, February I. 1856. IL =
Minnesota weekly times., 1855-02-20

BLACKSMITHING AT CARVER. u.
THE respectfully informs the citizens in the vic
ity Of Carver City Little Rapids Of the Minnesota and
Chaskay, prepared to execute
In all IL various branches, with nestAess and dspach
attention paid to Horse and OK Shoeng and
wagon Work. AXEL JOHGENSEN.
Carver, February !, 1855. 'If.Hf .