Weekly Indiana State sentinel. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1853-1861, 1855-10-25

L hlhl ELNlh.- lt luClbocCu dLuOlbt u Siop
consequent upon such preparation, will enabl
he farmer to pay ten per cent. per annum. o
more, upon the cost of the under-dralns, iron
he Increased ratio OF crops beyond the expense
i their production.
This Is question which has been PRACTICAL,
settled by every farmer who has tried the exper
Uncut; and in England, where the Govornmen
Will advance TO any farmer the necessary amour
To under drain his land. taking mortgage 70
he amount, practice has proved that the IN
reased crop consequent on under draining, has
u eve case, enabled the farm r to pay up tn,
I~rest, and five per cent. more OF he princi
: Il, each year, leaving his farm Increased i,
dlue at he end of the term, more han equal u
ne amount of the mortgage, while the nation
| large l. enriched, not only o. the amount @.
he NOR gage and interest paid. but by an in.
| rea- I'D Interest for all time. Private compa
ICES, with large capitals. are now established il
England, for loaniug money on under-d air
mortgages; aud even he owners OF hereditary
estates are permitted TO NOR gage for the pur
| pose Of understanding only, practice having
| proved that the value Of the estate is always in
-aard equal TO the expense of under drain
ing.
CONFERENCE.-The 80 prepared will i'm
- Ovc more rap d,y han any hers, even be-
| sond the improvement of the first few year,
which goes 10 reimburse the original expense,
and thus IN prrpetuty, increase the value OF
sne land, more than the whole cost of under
draining.
| This will be readily understood, from the fact
nat the organic matter mus be Continually OH
heincrea-e from be decomposition of increased
antIties OF root IN the soil, natural conse-
4dehce OF INCREASED crops. while tn, prepare.
ZION OF the inorganic inlegrants of the soil fol-
plant use, must bear 4 similar alto; for upon an
Increase of carbon mus BE- an increase Of per
meaoilIty TO atmosphere, with superior condi-
1sons for ali required chemical change And
the experience OF the Yester experimentors and
others clearly shows thai wi h an equal anIoun nj
OifertilIz.ng material added TO that which would
moi improve shallow -plowed land. the under.
drained and subsoiled portions are continually
benettung by Increased capacity
SixTEESTH.-lhc net profit of six consecu.
tive years, by under dIaining, is double--the OK
cess crops lending no portion the EXPENSES 10
bear upon them, other than III their harvest,
from increased quantity
! This is a practical question, which has been
Clearly settled by all those who have owned
| farms drained twenty years ago 1t should be
borne in mind thai but few crops give a net
profit to the grower, of more than twenty per
cent. OF their gross amount therefore, il the crop
be increased twenty per cont, the profit is dou-
bled; aud we know of many instances where the
increase has been fifty per cent, and in some
cases one hundred per cent
The difficulties which n few years ago sur
rounded the practcability of under draining,
subsoil blowing, and deep surface glowing, no
longer exist. Drain tile are now made in all
parts of the Union, and At moderate price. The
machines themselves for making these tile, can
be purchased for about one hundred dollars, and
wherever clay bank can be found, they may
be put In operation manufacturing many thou
sands per day. Books have been Published,
giving full and explicit instructions for under
draining: and in many localities the water dis
charged from one field may be used to irrigatc
another, which, if also under-drained, may be
materially benefited by such practice, particu-
larry when in permanent meadow. By the
use OF water rams, portion of the water may
tie elevated for the use of stables, etc.
The old style subsoil pillow, which requires
two or more yoke of oxen to propel it. has been
replaced By the new lifting subsoil plow, which
may be run to any required depth. with single
PAIR OF horses, mul-s, or oxen; and we have vet
to find the soil where this implement cannot be
used Those who object to elovating the sub
soil, or in localities where the subsoil is of a
kind that should not be raised-which localities
by the by are few and far between-may, with
the lifting pillow, di-intcgate the subsoil in it's
place. without ecvating it all. Those also, who
object to running over the surface soil to any
greater depth Than they find black mold, may
dlsIntegrate the subsOil in place, and after such
disturbance they will soon find the depth OF
their surface-soil materially increased, so as to
warrant them In increasing their blowing, with.
out departure from their rule of being guided
in the depth of blowing by the color of The soil.
They may even dlsintegrate on old pasture
without turning over the sod; for as this pillow is
agradual inclined plane of only one and hall
Inches rise, and alike on both its sides, it ele-
Yates the soil for that distance leaving it all free
above It's cole. like the soil above mole track
without abrading tho roots of the grass; aud the
cut through which the upright knives Of the
plow travel closing up behind ii, leaves the
whole surface Of the field subsoil, plowed, eie-
waited one ur two inches, and all in a softer con-
dlton Of the soil than from ordinary blowing.
while the surface grass remains undisturbed
each root, however, having the soil loosened
about 1t, giving free entrance for air and moist
ure. so that tho dead roots MAY decay. AMI ,hose
VIII CHI are ia growing condition take O new
vlgor. One cut Of this plow Trough the middle
oil an Old pasture wal in ter DAYS >how green
strip. SURPRISING the resi- of the field in venture.
and Oi about four feet wide.
Such pillow may follow an ordinary surface
piow, propelled by separate tearn. with tie
bsam lying IL the lotion OF the furrow made By
the surface pillow, under cutting the land ide in
it's travel, and causing the furrow 10 be lift.d
during Its Passage along beneath it, a To
soften and divide t. and render he mex sur.
face pl"w capable of beng performed with
much less iUrce. But this tool is of cumpara-
tiveiy little use in soils requiring under drain
ing, a. excess Of water will soon settle the soil.
how ever we'll disintegrated.
PTo!- MaPea a. this point produced small
brass model Of this piow, In illustration of the
point he was discussing e. also exhibited the
model Of p.ow which be thought would work
with less Resistance han any uther. 1t embo-
died a principle which he thought deserved at
teutiun.
He concluded this part Of his address by re-
/ iteraiing the Importance Of drainage. winch. he
said. wa~ no to let rcater out but 10 let air In.
He then took carrot lying on he stand, aud
remarked hat it had been well ascertained that
a bu-hel Of carrots mixed with bu ~h,l Of oat :,
made better aud more sourishlng food for horses
| than Two bushels Of oats The oat, he AID. was
not all appropriated; part of 1t passed through
the di ,estive apparatus without yielding its
M riment. The caro-. prevented this waste
! This is the explanation hs gave about IL IL
you put an apple in Tub Of water boy may
| bob at il for an hour without being able To bite
it. II is not fixed. But if placed in tub Of
jelly, that will hold it firmly enough to enable
him to get hold of it. Now the carrot contaIDs
an acid, which, acting Oh certain substances,
: gelatiuizes them that is makes IL like lclly.-
| The oat is one Of them. In its ordinary condi-
ton the perislaltc motion of the iutestires pre-
vents its being taken bold OF by the digestive
apparatus properly, and portion OF its nutri
! lnent is lost. But the acid Of the carrot by
"jellyfyng" it, so fixes it that it can be entirely
I absorbed by the system. He said he had learned
the livery men of his vicinity, the use of carrots
and now he sells his whole crop TO them at SOC
per bushel. aud he raises about 1000 bushels to
I the acre clearing fully four hundred dollars to
I the acre The carrot was an excellent article
/ Of food for cattle.
He then explained, at some length, the mode
of cultivatmg carrots The seed. he said, was
a thin scaly seed, and very tender. If placed
over a half an inch deep in the soil i rotted. II
/ planted at a less depth it baked. His Plan was
/ to plant radishes along with the carrots. which
gorminated rapidly, shaded the latter from The
I sun, aud give them protection. When the rad
ishes are pulled up they loosen the soil. and al
low the air and moisture to penetrate, and the
r Ii.