Richmond daily Whig. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1842-1861, 1854-06-08
Tt z h EY.

ihe turkish nation derives lis and origin from .
'erse region Of Asia, called Turkesan or ratary Some
centuries after MahCmet-s6o years after Chri.-Ssur
Inkesian chief, with several thousand faniles en-
baced lslsnism and called his people Turkomans to dis
tuguis them from those bo remained iiolators Those
who afterwards emgraed into Armenia were called Eas
tern and those who sutIga;ed the Eastern coast Of the
Caspian Sea- Western Turkomans which names still dis
tnguish them
The ottoman Empire, properly called, was founded
by othman, sraLd'on OF SOliman, Tartar chief who
e'ngried into Armenia about the wear 1924 E-o,b-,
Younger of SOlimln H. succeeded to the creator na
his fathers power, and his son Othnln became the true
iounder OF Ottoman greatness. Gilman conquered a
Bthyna ana Cappadccia, and died in 1899 beauea
I'd hs sou oFkhan considerable kingdom. orkhan added
Ne anu N'comed to the possessions of the Turkomans
and in 1921 made the frs; successful Turkish invasion
upon Tue European continent, compelling tho Grecian
emperor I" purchase peace with the damon.s OF the
crown. No permanent fooholI hoSever obtained
by the Turk in Greece until the year 1857 when Orkhan
and his son Sonan succeeded, by force of arms in cs
tabishirG colonies at G,lipol and various parts Of
Thrace. Soman and his aged victorious father both i.d
the next year, ard were succeeded hy Amurath sur
uamed the CouqIeror, tue youngest o the sons of Ok
han. The entire life OF this prince devoted to extend
g the conquess tia, had been his father in the
West, aud the result of wsrlke reign OF thrty.one
years that Adsrope had become the Turkish can't
tai; SeTvia and Bulgaria had been subdued and con.;d
cradle territory acquired iu Asia in his wars with
Otkban aud Amurath instituted the body of troops
called Jani-Tschet OF converts
10 Aahcnetansm from Christianity who were long the
powerful best disciplined and most uu umerous
| ing army OF modern times
B-jizet, the Of Amurath secured the conauess of
his father; added Waacta Thessaly the MORGAN p.n-
nsula. besides the Islands OF Iemnos Rhodes Cbi,s 81,
pea, and Atilca ia the Archipelago, has dominions in
vaded Bosnia aunihlaed the a.mies OF S,rismunJ
hing o Hungary laid siege for five CONSTANT
nopIe obtaining permission TO establish Turkish colony
IN one al the suburbs Of that city extending hi. emp re
TO the North and East i'll Asia and after a glorious reign
OF hirteeu years, died miserable captivity to Timour
the Tartar, who defeated and took him
at the battle of Angora
Notwithstanding the obstacles opposed to their pro
gess by Timour in ASIA and the check in which they
we're long held by the hero of the age John Huuyady
hungary, the successor of Bajazet Mahomet and Am
uath ll continually added to the OF their domin-
lon, on both continents but it until after the
death oil this last great statesman aud couqueror that
still greater son, Nahomet H. obtained possession of the
metropolis of the East On 9th April 1853 the Fri
dry after Easter Mahomet H. appeared before Consant
nople with an army OF 10000 men, and fleet compos-
ed OF the t1O vessels of different rank On the a9h Nav
after heroic resistance Of 53 days the city was taken
by Storm The Emperor Constantine fell elorously in
the assault the city pilaged and Mahomet inancu
rated his entrance into the Ottoman cap al by
eiSngs at the High Altar of the church OF St Sopbia
thus dedicatng it to worship.
aahomet H., snrnamed the Conqueror, died tho Sd
May liSl, a!ter having conquered empires fourteen
Kingdoms and two hundred cities, Nevertheless Turkish
power had not yet reached its climax Baiazet II the
successor OF Mahomet, deposed by the
His son Seim was weak, cruel prince But under Sol
imam the Great, who ascendcd the throne in 1890 after
Sems death, the Ottoman empire reached its highest
point OF glory Soman subdued Persia conquered Rhodes
which had been deemed imprcgnabe and Incorporated
the greater part Of Hungary, in his empire After the
brilliant victory Of the 2sth August 1894 near Mochacs
IN Hungary which gave to the Turks the capital of that
Kingdom, entire Christendom seemed, for A few Years
about 10 become prey to the descendants of Gilman
From 52+ until 1929 Of tie most critical peri
ods in European history, aud had Vienna fallen at the
hie OF It's great siege III 1922 IL difficult tell how
Moscm conquest might have penetrated But in Ger
many under the walls OF Vienna the Turkish fleet for
the fist time proved powerless, and the Turkish army
forced to retreat Europe saved and tho point
reached, from which, after the lapse of few wears
the power OF the Turks commenced slowly to decay
The island OF Cyprus was taken during the with
Venice IN 1871, by Sclim, who succeeded Som an in
1866 but the greater portion of his eet DESTROYED by
John OF Austria, in the naval action Of Lepanto Seim
however conquered Tuns shortly sferward aud died du
ring the following year. AmuIath Ill his son. reirned
until 1895 lie was a cruel feeble prince; but the EN-
pre preserved its integrity, possessing still forty pashacs
besides four large tributary countFes-i e. Noldayia
Walachia Trausy lvenia and Rsguss. lie had hundred
aud two children Of whom twenty and twcnty.eyeu
daughters survived their father OF these twenty sons
nineteen slain by their brother Mahomet III Sultan
who gained ETlau for Turkey, but dsastrousy de-
| ieated by the Germans. The reign OF Ahmed l. until
1917, OF Mustapha l. Obman H. and Mustapha H. rapidly
succeeded. Amura w the bloody scourge Of hi,
people that occupied the Turkish throne succeeded
Mus,aphs in 1928 and died in 1870 The reign of his
dissOlue lbrahim sgnalized by the subug Aon
Of Crete, hut was otherwise insignificant lie was killed
| by the Jauissaries in 1913 NIhomst w then seven
years old, assembled the throne He dsposed in 1857
after reign OF nearly forty years during which long Pc
Odonc Of the most interesting and disastrous in Turkish
histo'y-thc way was paved for the entire downfall Of
that empire Daring his reign, in 1858, occurred the
disastrous defeat OF the Turks by the allied armies Of
Christendo under Sobesk before the gates of Vienna
and Europe was released forever from fchrs Of rhercG
| tension Of Moslemsn by conquest. Soman H. and
Ahmed H. ruled for eight years under the control NJ the
| famous Grand Nlzier Kopri ILL., withou, materially
changing the aspect Of the Empire aud were succeeded
10y Nustapha III. who inherited the nsortunes OF Maho.
met w. lie was compelled 10 wage simultaneous war
with Germany. Venice aud RuSsii and on the 9th OF
September 1897, h1 army was annihilatei 10y Prince
Eugene, aud Frederick Augustus Ecctor Of Sixony on
the banks Of Theiss KOpr slain 600 ch.riots and
60 900 camols ie into the hands OF the conqueror and
Turkey forced to open instant negotiations Tor peace
The famous treaty of CarOwiZ followed which mark the
first great epoch Of Ottoman downfall According to this
treaty, TriusylyanI and Hungary excepting the ,nnt
Oi TemCsvar returned after 10 wears Of Turkish
rule to Au.ti Rus,ii received the city Of Azoy and
territory OF en leagues; the Ukran aud Poiolii fell to
Poland, and Venice became possessed Of Dimatia and
the Murea a. isr a. the lsthmus OF Corinth
Tile end Of the 7h century, signalzed by the treaty
oi Carowz, commences new period in Ottoman histo-
~ which thcnctiJrh TO be characterized by the
spirit OF refined cruelty, which had hitherto distinguish
ed It. Contact with Europeans somewhat softened Turk
ish barblsm, and the Introduction Of printing into the
Empire gave IL new aud higher kind OF life
Musaphi H. lost his throne In 1903. during revolt
| and was succeeded 10y Ahmed Ill In 1907, after the
battle Of PultaWs, Charles MI King Of Sweden entered
the Ottoman territory and accomplished temporary al
lance With the Sultan against Peter the Great and Po-
land The Grand Nzer was bought however, at Jassy,
by the jewels OF the Empress Azov was restored to ur
key and the Gar saved by his reachery In l7I5
the Grand Nzier resolved to Conquer Mores the
Ycnians The result Of the the entire defeat Of
the Turkish army by Prince Eugeue-frst at Petervade-
in, and on the 18th August, l77 at Belgrade the
peace Of Passarowiz by which the Porte ceded TO Aus
tria, for 26 years all ts recent conauests.
Ahmed, after an unfortunate, but wise and prudent
reign Of 2T years, dethroned in $780, and replaced
by hshmoud |, who commenced the war with the Ger
man Empire and euded It, after victory Belgrade 10
l1Ss, by treaty signed in that city in August OF the
same year. in which the Turkish boundaries aeuu-
ra,ely defined and became, with slight notifications
about the they to be found upon the map Of
Enrope at the present day. Mahmoud died after brif
liant reign, in 1854, peace with Chtstendom. OH
Ill., his successor 10 his turn succeeded in IL
&C. BY Mustspbs Ill., the principal Of whose reign