New-York daily tribune. [volume] (New-York [N.Y.]) 1842-1866, 1854-09-11

bat poor cement 10 resist the sctcn of the elements
and the ordinary favages Of time Tue walls OF the
cathedral are uow about 30 feet in hight IL Wa es'
mated from the great quantity Of stones -hich ave
fallen down forming q sort Of tAlus both with No
WALL ard ouisice OF them that originally this odnl-
irg WIS ell Of 80 feet in hight Taere i s0a room
70 he right yOu enter the eaibedra aA' ano a-t
room witch il very large, snd Na'h cohhuulea,,s>
wish tie ain body 81 tie building oy door u zee
left Of th. irupseI,t. There was 49, communication
between this large roam snd the monastery, or sVs-
TEN Of clovsttrs which are attached 70 me cithen.'
Tie chauel is 80 feet from the Cathedral Iais oad
ing il ls feet long outside and 81 feet u wdn. us
walls ar. feet inches 10 thickness. IL Is apps
,, mis- in hotter state of preservation thaa the cshe
Sral bet vet none OF the former w''oJ @ores r-iiu
in in short distance from the chapel taere IS an
IL closure which supposed WAS the ancient eene-
tery. -. ~ s,,os.
with kere aud there some evidences OF harrow sHeeS
running nearly east and west anr norm snu s'u'u
Through these stones pieces OF besi. aiu s'Cee %
wood are seen 10 pri-ct. These indicate, oy mos
and oiberwis. that they are of very great antiquity
Th,v are bleached wkite by the "ehseF, anu ore
de,t'ly enawed BY The tooth Of time We -" que
de,r uiis which were circular and Wallet arounl Ike
welis. We believed them to be me rehH'us y,
have concluded they were estgyas Two nuhursu
and ninety feet north Of the cathedral inere a. e'
cent traces Of an estdFQpe his, rs wen as Tue es-
ferns wa probably made 10 collect the raih waer
"a Il
ssst W. saw well De fined road, which kept the ridge
TO- few hundred Yards. anc then turned Oh toward
n southeast where all further vertiges ut VI are los.
In the sand. Where It IL the most plainly marked
along the summit Of the ridge some large cedar trees
sre growing directly in the middle Of 1t. These trees
lock 10 be very old indeed
ain every direction about the ruins we found erost
quantities of broken pottery, many specimens OF
which We have collected to take 10 s'o1qas'qae'
Some OF il ia handsomely marked and well glized.
We alec found several stones which we're eNd'nuy
orct used e. mGtgf6S. These matates are IN use 20
tbs day TO rub boiled corn upon until u Income.
KIND OF dough suitable to he kneaded INTO cakes called
toyhllas. We have selected two which we shall take
h, me With III. These proved To us that the saceat
nhshtsnts of Gran Quivirs knew the use OF corn
a. on article OF food. There il no sgn that theground
In The vicinity hos ever b,en cultivated, dDi 10 marx
whatever of rrigafing bitches. Indeed, tcelnls,
or oren saueduct could not, il u believed have
l,oul wettr the Gran Qaivrs; for the punt &C
curtd hy the town appears to be considerably hgher
thai the surrounding country 80
There il no indication that the escutche0n OF SpNn
wa ever sculptured or painted any facade scout
The ruins ard the facts regards h- style o aren't
lecture ard the remains OF an aquedact do n"s as u
slvrn by this Journal agree with us s'a'enent he'
Gr.gy must lave described the appearance "i th's
place. from what he heard about IL; tor on All tnose
sui iecis of which h. wrote from personal 0bIefVaol,
be is nest excellent authority. Pedro de Cas'aAala
accompsri.d Francisco VssqueE do Coionsia 10 ms
or, M xrp, iii0u To the North In search OF gold lie
wrote a History Of the campaign General Vasqnez
de Coronado arrived in a country which was called
Qptrtya in the month of June, 5i2 II the present
ruins OF Gran Quivira are IN "A region ilontct "ith
tie Quivra then visited il may be OF stersi 70 STATE
what Csstarada ea;s Of l. and of is inhabitants:
Ur to h.t point the whole conntry Is only one pisn; 81
oui'ht mountains begin TO be pstesiyss F On gsM va,
ffu grssy resemble those Of Spain; plums. gfap' nuts
s' re- 49, 0ss a. 10 no.
sia IN, Their and customs are tbs same
As tk.se OF Teps ard the villages resemble hOse Of Nav
Spain The round and have walls tbs stories
hke Ions. the roofs are Of straw The HoeP
under lie roofs. and there they keep all they ps'es'
"Tbe present ruins DO: the remains OF the ronnd
houses with roofs OF straw which Gas anafi describes
ss ia. ellues II the inhabitants of QitvirL 3l9
yeas ago and if they had bad in those days insiru.
remit Ia shape and carve those beautiful beams aud
Ilsrs AMI entabaiur,s they would hardly have usod
10 bhl.s ~ the ends Of sticks Ia ting up the bual0es
which they had killed Besides, the IN italics We have
found are almost positive proof that the people vino
once resided here food tortillas lde of
lille from Castaneda account one Is 0bbscd 10 be-
6ve that the Inhabitants Of the country which hs
calls Quivirs lived entirely upon the he5h Of tho
buffalo, as the Csm-ncbes do at the prescott dag.
Castanada ssys likewise, that the lndians OF the
country bad neither gold silver, aud were DOT ac
qusinted with he precious meals The C8cique Sore
hi breast plate Of copper, which ne held in the
gresieft esteem
MANY have supposed that the ancient Aztecs
built the edifces Gran Quivrs, Abo aud Q iarra
during their migrstion from AZtlan toward Ananuac;
that the ruins found la the Navajo, ani the
GGsGs Grande which still to be along the
Glla River, we're built by the people, and at
about the period Of time Capt. Johnston, OF
tie lsi Dragons visited the ruins Of the Gla River
in November 1876. From his description Of one Of the
Cesas Grande-the largest and best OF any he saw
can discover 10 point OF resemblance between II
and there now before US. Claylger0, the historian,
believes that this great movement Of the Artecs from
the nJrth toward the south commenced about
tie year Of our Lord ll6O and that the Csszs
Grande were built by them at various hats which
they made in their circultous journey toward the
Valey Of Mexico. 1t has been shown that in
le:2 there were no buildings Of the size and chuac
ter Of the Cssas GraDde, or such "a found here
now, in all the country called Qlvira, which Cas-
taDada visited and d-scrbed So one must conclude
that far as the Aztecs were concerned, whatever
they may have had TO do with the building Of the
tdifces either in the Naval country or the CHA,
or those fous d $50 miles northward Of chihuahua,
they never planned or constructed those at Gran
Quivba.
History represents that Vasauez de- Csonada,
finding GOLD during his great exposition returned
to Mexico where be fell int drgrsce ant died in OBJ
security. The SpaDisrds did not return IN coOnize
the province Of New Mexico until the year 1891 and
the country could not be considered "a conquered
until 1895 For eighty FIVE years after this the colony
setus to have prosperrd and to have grown po ser
Towns and vilIae % were built aud valuable mines Of
gold and silver found and worked with success
The Catholic clergy aided in their efforts % con.
vert the Indians 10 Christianity by the Government
az hose expense large churches erected in dif
ferent parts OF the province Of New Mexico CORES
pODdiDg with the missions which we're balt for the
same purpose and at about the same period in the
.iber provinces Of TeIes and California. IL WIS
during this time doubtless that the large ediice. at
Abo, Quarru and Gran Quvira were erected. IL is
more than probable that valuable mines Of the pre-
eious metals found in their vicinity and worked
under the direction Of the Spanisrds BY the Indians
who bad been subugated for there ia every reason
TO believe that the mountains Of the Rio Grande
are at this day rich in gold and silver. Il appears
treated the Indians with the most cruel oppression
until finally, the latter revolted against them. The