The Ottawa free trader. [volume] (Ottawa, Ill.) 1843-1916, 1854-12-23
Farm indictments.

While all branches Of arts, manufactures
and commerce have received tAea'tentoh OF
learned men from the most ancient uihvS'
md all protited by the all OF the sc'Shcvs
none has been so much neglected rs ASr,,
culture Indeed it would be difficult to hnd .
ANY art of importance which has inade 50 NJ (
tie real advance in the improvement oi M
elements used in its prosecution ohtH /
recent period, the soil was scratched over ny
p,ow made of wood throughout, ana gr IN
thrashel with fails ortrodden ont on the
,hreshing floor 10y oxen or horses NJ pres
ent, il is true, we have elegant ehcient rea-
ping, moving, threShiar, AMI oiacr ma
chimes, which lessen the labor and facilitate
the operation. Of the farm; but tue p!oW
still preserves its original design, atnonsA
its present construction IS such rs 20 ft.L'r
Il much more efficient than formerly. Inc
form of tie plow is such rs to require
waste of power in doing Just what Is to be
undcnc ut the next iurrov taken itom Inc
land. The whole object Of dsenteSralInS
the soil, is toprlscntas much surface az posa'-
bic to the action Of the atnospler, ami wa
ter, for upon this, il part, depends the
amount Of crop produced; our attn then
should be 70 model an instrument to diSinte-
crate the soil thoroughly, without at any
time COMPRISING ito particles. The pow
eievatcs aud turns over bya sliding, twisting
action, strip Of land, varying from SIX 10
twelve inches in width, while this is done by
means Of the mould board, the land side
that portion which is nearest the unpowcd
soil-and the soil must exert COMPRISING
force equal IN amount to the force expended
in turning and disintegratng the iurrcw.
We all know that if a garden, the soil of
;.b =. -, la nj n
portions, the one plowcd and the other du,
up with spa e or fork, and both treated
the same in every other respect, taat the
spaded portion will give the best returns,
owing, no doubt, to the fact Of lis more
thorough disintegration.
The farmers OF England are willing to pay
a stated price per acre for having their lands
spaded at such seasons OF the year as labor
ers are plenty and willing to work at molcr-
ate rates.
If forks and spade tillage are 50 superior
to plowlng, we should look to our mechanics
reconstruct machines acting upon the same
principle. The resolution Of all the forces in
action during the operation OF spading is
such as to separate the & eatest number OF
particles from each other, while compression
occurs to slight extent at one point and that
near the surface Of the soil.
An attempt has been made in England to
supply the demand for a machine which
shall disintegratc the soil in the same man
ncr as the spade, and if we may place rel.
ance on the reports published in the English
Journals Of Agriculture, il has been success
ful. Mechi, the Tiptrce Hall Farmer, one OF
the most prominent agricu!turiStS OF Eng
land is clatcd with the success Of Samuel
sons Rotary Digger, and hence is declared
that 1.-THE doom Of the plow is sealed by
means of this machine space three feet wide
and several inches deep may be dag with six
horses, and one man TO drive while another
regulates the operations Of the machine
Judging from the cut and description Giycl
in the journals, we should consider it bot!
expensive aud complicated. \ much NOR,
simple but still imperfect machine has beer
invented in this country by a Mr.. GbbcS
and is called the Rotary Spade, description
of which will be found IN the March nunbc,
ofMapes' Working Farmer
Subsoil plowS are now in pretty genera
use in many sections OF our country. Tho
object Of using them is 50 disiutcgratc tht
soil, without turning 1t over to create
depth than can be done by means Of the sur
face plow. Those first constructed elevator
the soil on one side only, and to the hegh
of six or more inches. Prof Mapes soon dis
covered that it was entirely unnecessary t,
raise the soil 50 high, sine, the mercst Gle
walton would suffice TO disturb it, and ad
init the atmosphere. He therefore suggest
ca that inc eevai"S portion VI 'ne Prov
shouia DC 'o"ereu, anu III t.''' i'ia,,"GE ,IN
Sc' .ic n'ot'o' "''"'"' .''"'S WY VI "'
Dement'S derived rom us'ns lne OH P'o"S
nc n,orc recently ."uSo' f'o" " W va
slruc't'i III ouch n''iei a. ~ ~ j.,
I! III eiI.a''5 anu ic'1la'',e ''ii SUI w oot'
s'"Ss' ~ co"s's'H VA i'hs"sc ','t PC s,,,''r
H'Sh III thc center anu ''Pyi"'S ~ -" u''to
.ohs 20 '',c outer 'DSeS; RON ,i ',J en-
rises n'',c"cu s''''u'.' ~ NM wv "'".i
10 "''iy"I" nIt' ta'' L'o" =, ,e' -
o so'' nc ""o1' i''o' - w, 'l" - Wy az
i.'a tHc ~" ~ "n "PN'' anu oN'" a. az
'oi'. ~ wen uo'S II GG'.'"'S t'r"t - ="
s'''"s "Te P''ceu ~ instance VI 'ouI 'cI
apart ana ,he prov "|"n p,t"tch 'nc'n
.he sou WIN pc 30 u.StuIpeu Is 10 canS: 'ng''
W ""v'' 'nuS snow ~ '''"' t''c %" II ui'
lnroea az 'east Two leet on cacII sac vi VI!
TOOL me df"'t fC4ufeh ~ '''S pIo"
"AG-tA'Fd 10 ohe-ha'! less imam t"'' o' inc Oh
stlT u,,
"nch .nc I'''ry 0P.'"' "',"it' W ""o' wv, !
"ruh aS'r"oa'c o' Il G"t 'i1'' ~ '''e ~"
sph p'oN Iu9s "''o''Dcu w UP.' ,''o" -
ING Spaae - lar superior ~ ".'' II % "''''
OUT sn'h aid' a new St'auc ~ no" oe'h
ou,.t Whicn shai' commune inc "loc ho'a'.
anu MaPes iiitihS supSoh pow II Suth
manner as ou,g up str'p OF ground 'hrC
ieet vide and iitIen inchSs ueep at one Cl
GRAFTON, anu by inc alu Of one OF TWO yCA
Oh oxen
Such Is al 'llPorlcc' nol'co o''"o VI ''i'e
machines fools which
completed, be invaluable to the farmer.
more lengthy description of them may b
found in the June number Of the Journal {
Agriculture, published at Boston, and in th
sixth volume of the Working Farmer.
The principle involved in The digging mn
chimes should be appicito all our tools an
none requires so much is appealed to almo,