The daily union., 1854-07-21

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roads and bypaths but has plainly marked great lead
| ing highways for unrestricted commerce.
1t cannot be denied that prominent OF the pros
pe of the United States has been the existence Of
restricted between the people Of the separate
ereignes What State would now endure the least
strietion upon commercial intercourse with neighborng
State? With the conclusive example before Of the bcne
fits Of reciprocity with sister States why should
deny ourselves equal advantages from eer intercourse
with our colonial neighbors?
1t is acknowledged by political economists, that the
home trade of country is to considerable extent
freed from the for transportatons and commissions
TO merchants is vastly more important to country than
| the foreign trade
The American domestic trade has been estimated upon
good authority high $92 80 for each individual of
our population while the foreign trade is in the ratio of
only ST so each individual The trade with the colo
MES if unrestricted would parake of the character and
advantages of home trade There is peculiar adapted
in American manufactures and products for colonial
consumption, they suited for people having the
same necessities and personal and domestic habits our
own, Our mechanical and farming tools cotton and
~, our M snu s, b or a y
any other country could do
Whine the colonies having sparse population and
want Of surplus capital have made comparatively little
progress in those Of textile fab
rcswe have establishments already erected and have
the skill and capital to direct and employ them The re-
turns submitted show that of exports Of domestic
ufactures larger amount and greater variety sent to
the colonies than any other country The to Can
ada alone in 1850 equal to the whole amount
ported to Sweden, Prussia Holland, Portugal and Mexico
united
1t win be seen that the trade of the United States with
the colonies has increased to surprising extent since $780,
and particularly since l84G while that of the colonies with
Great Britain has proportonay declined since dscrimi
mating duties in favor Of British manufactures have been
abolished
The colonial merchants have advantages in tho trade
with great Atlantic cities, which, proper facilities
tn tim of
means of purchasing and paying for goods 1t is well
known that thirty forty ago the merchants in
by orders, directly from England, the West indies and
other foreign countries They have ceased import their
goods directly from England and now buy n the grsa,
mars have increased while the smaller cities have proper
tonally declined. The which have changed
the of trade in smaller cities lead tho colonial
merchants to the great American markets Instead of OBJ
tanning large stocks by ORDERS from England they have
formerly done waiting several months for the completion
Of their orders and being exposed at the same time to the
risk of buying unstable Stocks they find greatly to
their advantage to the great American cities where
goods A by PERSONAL inspection WHICH are certain to sell
They buy larger stocks than they readily dispose
of and in few days after purchase have the goods upon
their own shelves Thus they have quick sales and Ger
tain profits But the power Of the colonist to
manufactures and merchandise depends upon his power TO
sell export his products lie must find ii for his
advantage sell we'll buy. If he has to contend
against high American duties he not only has his capac
y to purchase Of diminished by the whole amount he
more favorable market If would retain that portion
the trade Of the colonies which possess we must
give them facilities for selling well as buying in our
markets. We must encourage the most advantageous
trade to all partieshat which approaches nearest to
simple barter.
The following extract from petition Of merchants
traders Of the State and city of New York nueousy and
respectfully signed praying for the free admission into
the United States Of Canadian products illustrates OF
the evil effects which have followed from The present re-
strictiOnS
al" found that the present duty of twenty per cent
10 rno md
housing systems applied imports from Canada are like
wise found too cumbrous and expensive to be eiectve
and the trade is thrown into state OF much
and difficulty from the fact that the merchants Of Canada
have other medium for their purchases here than their
bank drafts specie their equivalents which has already
under the restrictions to the trade caused
such drain of specie from their banks to compel them
to close their doors against all further to
been induced to cultivate this otherwise promising con-
| nexon"
The system of reciprocity proposed, although free
of transatlantic free trade The American protective
policy defended mainly upon the ground that should
protected against the advantages which the European
manufacturer has in abundant and cheap capital and in
labor employed at half the price Of own and that
should be relieved from the fluctuations of foreign trade
None of these will apply for protection against CO.
ona producers manufacturers The advantage OF abun-
dan capital with The prices of labor in the colo
nes very nearly, If not quite high in districts
similarly situated in this country The protection which
many of manufactures want and particularly those OF
the cotton fabrics precisely that which this meas
land designed TO accomplish for that countryfrec out
lets for our surplus products
free trade with the colonies would be subject to
OF the fluctuations OF foreign trade. AS Mr. Cowel re-
marks in his able pamphlet the relative Importance OF
foreign aud domestic trade hose people who supply their
neghbors by varied industry with all they want know
very precisely what quantity will supply these wants. and
also the special qualities required The competition which
springs in these circumstances is fully known and
derstood that operates in the increase of quantities
and reduction OF prices by jerks and great fluctuations
but gradually Those who forced yield to this
petition are enabled to withdraw without being wholly
Between those engaged in those varied empoyments mu-
ual exchanges may take place the full extent of their
power of productions there need be limit but the limit
Of human effort and they in circumstances to study
their mutual wants and comforts"
1t is urged, objection to the proposed reciprocal
free trade that the American wheagrower who s taxed
heavily pay the expenses of government will have
contend unequal terms with the Canadian, who has
comparatively light taxes to pay in other words that for
this the American needs protection against the Can
adan farmer.
But when we produce more than we consume there
is no need of protection. The surplus of production
thrown upon the markets of the world establishes the price
Of all consumed Canada and the United States export
surplus of wheat the foreign market The prices
Markane great extent fix the prices of the Ameri-
market
The weat-growers of the United States suffer but
little if any by Canadian competition in market
We have already given the Canadians the privilege of
pe,ing with the markets of the world by opening the
American canals railroads. and ports for their exports
der the drawback law of 1896
The advantages which the Canadian derives from
empon from high American taxes comparatively