The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1854-08-13

bly, owir < to the rapidity of heir slope ESteGs,v
fsy occur ai An,sa bay and tbe bay Of Patien ae
The low c'u untfy, which skirts the shore on th
eastern siGe Of the mountains, 81 pears 20 be NOR
extensive ano less Interrupted thsa ttst alosg ths
western sh.rra. On the eastern side the shore il
scme pisces Is vel and low snd L. Others elevated
The couLtry, extending from 81 Deg 70 So csx
| forth latitude, Is 20 los that fhe shores not
I visible 1T the distance OF five or tx m,les,
and il is sandy aud ov-rgsown wi,h bushes. e ia
terror IL IL general evei, a,tly san,y and partly
| swarly, and RIesier part of 1t is covered sitn
short bushes and email trees. A number If low san J.
bills are dis erseo over the coan'ry shicn as
titute OF In es. u, pear like 'slauds in of
verduIe. TIE hilIy 1aft occupies the most norshern
part Of tire island. or G. at which extends from 53
degrees north latitude to Cape E3abesh. The coast
y Ia asDersi high and steep, being mOety pose
Of erpeI ocular white cliff. There a,e only few
scts in whch the ctst si bs down to The level of
the sea; AZ d lere the vilsaes OF the natives are
built ihe Interior cunsists OF ees>ion of high
hills, covered with lofty trees to the We y summit;
tie voleys which Intervene between th~m are partly
too0sa, and partly covered With tiuo ctsse turf
able Ct gree Of fertility.
1he forest consists Of oak, maple. broh. me jisr
willow. bnt chiefly pune ana fr. Large tracts a.
covered with jumper trees. 0oOseoerries. ra,l-
ely sDo watercresses. The Wild animals are lir.
sah'ss, foxes, martins. deer aBd bears Tue
srplns the inhabi'snts with tho means of subsis-
-, e, in great variety of fist. Whales nume
u, a., the coast, which now frequeotea ny a ne
,ic' whaers, and ain OIL il article of export.
TIE inhabitants are ab,rignes Of the Alnp. 'ace,
ard have settlements on different points Of the
coast. They are represented by La peroue TO bs
wry superior in bodily strength to tho japanese
Chinese and Manchus their features are moro
regulsr. and more rearly rest milling the torn Of
Europeans. They are called BY the japanese
Nozia, a;e mild, pescesble, generous and warmly
attached TO each other; are very honest. vel! dis
posed, and bear an excellent character with the
JapaDtse. They worship the sun. moon, the sea, q
God Of the heavens, and believe In the existence Of
The devil. They have DO writing or money in use
among them, but keep their reckoning on sticks Of
wood.
The Japanese have the two trading establishments
Of SalmOr.trou Bay ana Tsmary Aniwa, on Aniwa
Bay, ut the southern extremity Of the island. from
which the southern islands Of Japan are supplied
with furs, peitries seal skns, dried sh whale oil,
renbic or sea cabbage &C. and give in return lack.
baccO aDd tobacco pipes, kitchen utensils, lico,
coarse cotton cloth, trinkets, &c. Tobacco is .
staple article of traffic, and always In great re-
Quest smOng the various tribes Of the Amos an
| iungous an races. Kruzensten n saw immense guam
titles Of whales in Aniwa Bay. Salmon and varie
ty Of other fsh are caught n great abundance, and
cured here by the Amos fishermen, in the service
OF the Japanese The shores are covered with crabs
and oysters; several large streams of frcsh water
flow into the bay, and the adj cnt forests abound
In game and fur bearing animals. Cape Aniwa u
in latitude 46 deg north, and longitude las go. fhe
Japanese have no other settlement on the island,
nor do they frequent any other part of it. No Chinese
authorities have ever been seen there nor is 1t emu
merated among the possessions of the Chinese. Ac-
c0rdr 70 the erudite Klaproth Tai akay is not
der the dc minon q Mxhchurian China, as ooce
supposed, for 1t Is entirely omitted in the great IL
nese government geographical description of the
empire, Fublished at Pekin In 1880, and translated
| by him; and II does not appear that the Russians
have ever made trading settlements the island,
which has been rarely visited by their vessels, or
| those of any European nation.
| La Pelouse spent three months in exploring
hfl tVplf fsf Inysn Annh hQ fh.a
| const Of Mancbulia, "ticn he named Castries Bay
| iLhabttd by tribe Of Orut bes. He ascertained
sattfac;srily III tie natives that there Ia no navi
| gable communication between tnat gulf and the
estuary OF the AD0or, called the Gulf Of Saghalien.
About thirty mics to the north Cf that bay, they
assul ed him that there is sand bank or low neck
Of land, over which the traders who descend tho
Amoor TO traffic with tie Datives of the Gulf Of
Tsrta,y are obliged to drag tseir canoes. They
called the Is3ando Taraksy Tchoka. He discovered
three good bai bors or radsfeads, on the northwest
coast u ibe island to viii he gave the respective
names Of LanglIs Bay, Al deg. 40 mn. Estaing Bay,
rs deg. SO min., aod Ionquiere Bay.
Patience Bay, 49 deg north latitude, and LAG deg.
east longitude, the south west of the island, Is
very extensive, and well adapted for whaling and
tradIr station. Ore Of the most eligible locations
for the establishment Of trading mart, is on its
northern ext entity, at Nsdeshda Bay lying between
Cspes Elizabeth and Maria in So deg. "a min. ,rth
| latitude, and l42 deg. east 10 oagitude. There is
lake Of fresh water in its vicinity, into which
several fine streams empty. The neighborhood
is represented by Kruzenstern to be delightful,
and the surrounding mountains covered with fine
forest trees. 1t has safe and good roadstead, with
| many local advantages for such q settlement; is
situated within about one degree of the outlet Of
| tie estuary Of the AmoOr. which he explored and
found to be five miles wide three ard half to four
fatboms depth on the bsr, and the water perfectly
fresh for same distance q. sea. Kruzenssern sls0
states that the northwest coast OF the island Is inf
| nitely preferable TO the southwest Between the
fountains, which are entirely overgr0wn TO their
tkA~~
covered with luxurisnt grass, and very capable Of
cultivation.
Whales are very abundant in the japanese SEAS
which are now much frequented by our whalers
during the summer months, rendering y most dc
sirablt that some arrangements be speedily madc
uboer the sanction Of our government with that Il
Japan and the independent chiefs Of this island for
the privilege of requenting its bays and harbors, by
American whale ships, for wood. water provisions,
recruitment, or repairs, and for traffic with the
| natives.
| Professor Adolph Eman, Of Berlin, in his essay
on the tides Of Ksmtchatka ami the coasts Of the
vations and partly on preceding data, shows that
! the Gulf Of OkJtsk possesses the same anomalous
| tides az those for which the Bay II Touquin has
been ebrated since the publication of the Prin-
son Observes being now brought to very fair accor
dance with the theory Of the tides, advocated by La
Place, and successfully developed BY Lubbock, Rem
| rell end Airy, N England.
by treaty stipuiauons the United states, II com
| mon with Rustie, possess Vic right Of navigating
the No'tbern Pacific, and OF 0sting and resorting
TO any OF the coasts Of Asia upon points
which may not have already been occupied by the
latter for the purpose of trading With the natives
and a. those tmcte seacoasts and Islands are daily
becoming Of more importance TO Ms, 10 political IS
well " commercial point OF view, and are annually
fieaueDted by largo feet Of American whslers, s
is hefly important our governments should despascn
suitable exp diton for their exploration and sur
vey ~ also TO investigate the mineral rcsources
q thofe islands, which arc reported 70 abound In
tho precious metals, and iron and coal.
The establishncnt Of an American trading setQc-
ment on TayskAy would be the means OF opening up
new sDd profitable commercial intercourse with
Siberia, AaDchIria, and the northern possessions Of
Japan, making IL tie threshold 10 the introduction
pure religion, into Northeastern ASIA which firmly
believe under Divine Providence, Il II the destiny
and the mssion Of our race 70 accomplish.
P.s.-Since the above memoir was written, |