Richmond enquirer. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1815-1867, 1854-08-11
THE RICHMOND ENGliREE.
vEnNEsn.> MORNING. ;tG'"' !"
authority FOR THE LAND Ili-h-'NH
yo,.< AVN uI.NrEk.
BY EITCiIIES & PRYOR

is briefly this: by giving a right 1"
the actual settler Mt very reduced pr'ceF' y, '"' su
In,es the principle To which the llomrs'e"" ne"'''
;s ohpoy;ous. md that inasinuch n no '"i9""'"t.
Of circumstances und no pressure "i necessity ""
excuse the least compromise OF "r'h:'" Wv ,l's
on the part Of the statesman 'h'''"'' .n.
!, 10 be condemned for connecting ""''"" 'N
demands of the pioneer, VIII" ocr"ll'S 10"
= III. umcclaimci wilderness Of ii' "'7' n,,
In 1877, the bill to suspend I'll" '"ie u '"' ! "',''
Lands being under consideration !" ''
c Co,houu submitted as u Substitute "
il ..da ,b. Public Land. at graduated prices .
s.,,ss n, the payment of oac-h"d'' M'E,"SS ~"
: NJ u. <ahs. On Introducing this iHi'' MI "N'o
Z .r,,o;n.d it's character and object, nrd gave" S".''"'
e,nos;,;on Of hi. construction OF the powers a"u "".!
: or ,ho Eeder,I Goycrumc.; i'll respect 10 '"e P"o"'
,us. H. o,;oc, rps tbr,c.fold: first to dinl'nish
!, ,bs rs,r,nnp. of the General Governments sec'n''s'
. xa,a... tha new STATES from the thraldoh ol u
...o:o. ,;,b;n ,b.;r limits; and, thirdly 70 pre-
"..~..,,.on;.m and collision between tile Allan
tic md the Western States. These se'eral NUS ~
be accomplished, he con,cnded' d! "' ,r"
effected a final and complete disposition VI NV fI"
lands lying in the States. But; the pun q -.
u. - ef.ct;ye ;pusuucb as i, did moi touch the pubic
) lands in the territories. oh-
Mr.. Calhoun did not pretend thai III" pan
: solutely perfect and exemp, from all poS'lo" o''.N
ton. On the contrary, he preferred 'ne 'A'''"o >
tenn. but fureseeingis acknowledgements"
70 escupe q great calamity which h!a pFoPhe'N wv
aiscerned in the 10, disian, future, no sunAllue" III"
substitute, aud defended it from the asSa"itS Oh "e'
s,cr and Clay with that power OF argument
for which lie WINS conspicuous. Like !" y"
4. Gr,,isbr Senator, Mr.. Calhoun was tainted WI"
h...rt;or or compromise OF principle; ana wia' was
IL. r.r,y , .In answer, | say, We must Il" as we are
500, c,mrcll,d 10 do through lf"c-accomm"'ate
,ro,r.. ~ circumstances mitigate evils we can
u.o.,,r,o onI retar,l and lessen those we cannot
,.o,o,, Such are the lnws TO which beings "i
,- rr;,el movers and control over events must
uoo..,r;,v ,i,ld." ii regard IL" said he fur
,bor .. our Of the wiscs1 maxims in human affairs,
tim, When we see AL inevitable evil like this, not I" Do
resisted, approacling-'o maHe concessions I" ''".
whAt IRE can DO Il ~UM DIGNITY, aud not I" wait until
necessity compcls lis 10 act. and when roncoSSi'h' III
stead ot gratitude. will excite contempt. Inc MAXIM
is not new. | have derived i; from the greatest III
modern statesmen. Edmund Burke. lie urge" Tvs
adoption on the British Government IN the '"riS sH
res oc our revolution, and 1.-THE obstinate ana lhl"'u'
ntai statesman, Lord North, :ien AT the head OF u'
ta:rs, had listened to his warning Voice, II INA. "c""""'.
.i whether our revolution would have taken place.
The I. inevitable evil to which a!luSlon is nadt Ill
tbs pn-acraph. il more distinctly indicated ~ The iI-
lowing: "Let il be horne in mind, that all sides agree
,het The new States will soon ir able 10 command tli''r
own terms, when Others less favorable to the common
interest chan those proposed by Mr.. Calhoun Twill
be imposed. If we 81 the old S:n:cs make it n point
1 . Il, l., ,I,,. ,,ll la. O. IIr,s .nrN re-
action, make it n point IL cytor; MI they can when
rlcv get the r"w,c. But. II nc ytcH T." fn'"' " ""''-
na arrangement NAV lr Iualc. mutually beneficial!
aud satisfactory 10 both parties" again. in tho sam"
speech, Mr.. Calhoun said The measure. "iartahHy
forced vpon 1c by he HtrrEStg az he case, has been
introduced with n dcsir" I" terminate great political
evils" And, II think, therefore. thG, instead 81 at-
tempting TO rc-is, any Longer what mus, eventually
happen, il rouM he letter TOR all concerned that Con-.
gross sh0uld s.cH al ra's 10 the force ~ ''rr"m-
stances, amt code he pnthc domai".'
IN tbs connection, we mny adincc u rignHl il!rstra-
lion q! that iar.reacling >agncitv for which Mr.. al
/ houn VS. conspicuous above ANY starc"nan, certainly
nj nj. own n.o. As fur back o. 1856. sir iurCsaw the
ultimate Surrender oi the public lands I" The actual
gottlcr., unless they were Gispoicd ui IL advance. He
.,iL .rrhat Influence would hc fr, here. aah move
u,u,. would he made 10 satisfy III" i"mnnin OF ="
numerous anl powerful II ri"-s, ill, with their grow
inc influence. the propagation will BE- boldly mad" t"
rive The .and without, purchase {" which, from the
NECESSITY O! tie case, tie government, Will be com
PEELED 70 ~yicht.'
Tho Graduation fcsture oi Mr.. tulhoun's bLi was
nssni!cL, and in defending /; he said "As to what
WIS TO be received for The lands, lie cared nothing
lie would have consented at once 10 g'eid Mc 'rhcic,
md withdraw altogether the landlorlship Of the gov
crumcnt over them. had he no' believed thntI 1t w"nld
h.. mos, for the bench: of the STATE that it sI"nli con-
iinuc somewhat logger" .Again: IL nm Of opinion
,hs; the sum demanded for the cossion OF these lands
should be moderate"
1t true thai, Mr.. Calhoun plan lid not propose the
discrimination in fuvor of;hc actual settler which Mr..
Hunters Bill provides; bu; tler" il II" difficulty IN
| ascertaining his opinion in respect 10 this principle
In the course If thu discussion lr touched the subject
and expressed himself in such language rs follows
"But something more is Indispensable to prevent The
loss of the lands and tha; is, to hold out adequate
inducements to the settlers 10 become freeholdrrs Il!
purchasing the land. This can be effected with The
least loss to the government, and the greatest advnn
tace TO the settlers, by q imdic!ous system q gr0d"0'
.Gou and prcfmption." "The object Of these proris'
ions il TO hold out inducements 20 the settlers TO ptr'
chase, by bringing the lands, within n reasonable pc
riud, to a price which would not only justify, but hold
on, strong inducements to them to purchase" And
again: This feeling must he met, and it is proposed
. to NEE. ii by the provisions for graduation and re-
d~emption which / have jus; stated. a policy 20 libc'
- raj towards u large though poor clasa, not less honest
U aud patriotic than the res, OF the community, could
. not fail TO have a happy eject, 10. only in reference
TO them, but in Il more enlarged view"
II To these opiuious of Mr.. Calhoun wn will add al
u extract from Il speech otJohn Randolph in the Senate
! Of the United States in March, l92G. II wish
said Mr.. Randolph, ",hat every ncw State had oil tb,
: lauds within the State; that within the shGpu Of re-
- ceiversuip and other ways, these States nigh; not h(
: brought under the influence Of these ten miles square
In other words, I wish that oil the patronage OF tn,
0 land office Wits in the hands Of the individual States
n and not in the hands o; III" general government.
u,n the friend of State Rights, and will Gu: down th'
patronage of the general government, which has in
= creased. is increasing. and inu-, he diminished; or We
: the States, shall be not only 'shorn If our beams,
sir, but abolished quite"
: In 1928, in the Senate. Mr.. Li.tlcton Wal
l. Ter Tazcwcll, the !uos: scrupulons sitckirr f"
+ STRIFE, construction and State Rights. said "Iha
he was pleased with III" plan Of the gentle
Y nan from Missouri, but thought it ought Ia cx'cn'
further. lie would wish TO have tie arrangement
& something like this: while the lands are Il, the hi-hcs
I minimum. one dollar, allow the nctMal settler:
To have the prc-cnptIon right at scven'y-Iirc cents
: wien they arc 4, scrcnty.iirc cents. allow actua! sc,
tiers to enter them at iily cents; and 80 on down +
|. the lowest. This, h. thought. would be prndnrtiv,
= ola good effect. as il would be II continue! encourage
men. to actual settlers, and give them an advantag,