Wilmington journal. [volume] (Wilmington, N.C.) 1844-1895, 1854-07-07

Men. as we'll as bows, can study the following in
structve article with profit. Ii contains world OF
information
|. What inorganic matters enter into the compost
ton of the ashes of our cultivated plants
Mention the general character OF sum clay soils,
and describe the means of improving them!
Under what circumstances are parlng and Durn'
ing likely to be attended with good resuts-and IN
what cases will it do harm instead OF gooo
T. What changes farm yard manure undergo IN
keeping
s. Mention some of the principles which ought to
guide the farmer in the management OF homemade
manure
6. What are the best means of preventing ammo
MIA in dung heaps!
T. On what constituents of artificial manures do their
fertilizng and commercial value depend.
g. What are the authorizations more generally oc-
curing in Peruvian Guano, and how can they De de-
tected
ANSWERS
l. The inorganic matters found in plants the fol-
lowing Potash, soda, SILICA, acid. lime, sulphurlc
acid manganese occurs in bark of trees,) cabonlc
acid, iron, chlorine, phosphoric acid.
2 ANY soil containing more than fifty per cent of
alumna, is called clay. They are tenacious cold
and wet, naturally and unusually fertile; but by
improvements yield continuous return of conside-
rable value and possess less tendency TO exhaus-
ton than any other kinds of soil. The other gener-
al characters will be touched upon in speaking OF the
improvements. which are the MISUNDERSTANDING
digging following, and long dung. Draining stands
first this arises from the natural character of the
soil it is stiff imperious, and possessed of great
powers of retaining moisture. By draining, the eX-
of moisture which naturally accumulates in the
subso is drawn away, and the air naturally follows
the water cracks and assures formed the carbo
mic acid of the water and air. its oxygen and all ely
natal influences thus brought into play. The
soil is thus rendered friable its chemical constituents
become altered and broken down. forming new COM
for thair
into the soil in search of food, and fertility is
brought about and developed. Sometimes, too, mat
ers of deletereous nature removed by drains,
and the clay, by having its water removed, has
tendency to absorb cases. Subsoling has generally
had recourse to where the subso differs in character
to the clay, and even if not does good by causing an
extra amount of exposure of the soil to atmospheric
influences. Burning acts by altering the physical
character of the clay, by berating the potash, and
causing tendency to greater absorption of ammonia
Lining alters the soil physically, and assists after
burning, in iberating the potash. Mixing may
ate physical change, and at the same time the sub
stance applied may itself possess substances useful
as food for plants. Flowing acts by exposing the
soil to the atmospheric influences rough digging
similarly talowing in extended degree by both;
it also destroys weeds, insects, &c. Long dung rem
ders clay porus, admits air, frost, &C., into clay
soils.
8. Pairing and burning are attended with good re-
suits, when combinations of potash exist in the soil,
with salica, &c where organic matters are in ex-
cess, peaty soil, when they alter its physical char
acter and when the soil is especially foul and over
by insects If the soil be light sand, instead of
clay if it be clean, if soil does not require any ply
steal change to Tighten it, if potash comb
nations occur, if it be deficient in vegetable matter
then burning and pairing not good
4. Farm yard manure, by keeping, putrlfes sui
phate of ammonia are driven off /; potash is carried
away by the drainage which is generally imperfect
the organic matter is reduced carbonic acid and
Dh0 hx1ro oOiuo off no mil
raj matter is more concentrated. 1t was considered
by Liebig that weroted manure owed its extra fer
tilizng effects to this excess of mineral maters-a
matter doubted by some The remaining matters are
more soluble.
5. The principle ought TO be kept up in all fertl-
zng substances, TO procure the manure in the most
concentrated form unless requiring for clay where
mechanical action is required) and as free of wa
ter possible and, by compression, to exclude the
air BY boX-teeding, compression, exclusion of the
air, keeping out rain, keeping up regular fermenta
tion prevention of sweeping winds, less by liquid
matters, flowing away OF alkalies, &c, and more
intimate mixture of the dung and urine with the
straw takes place When the manure is produced,
the heap should be made large-wide at the base
and at the top; it should be compressed,
drainage furnished at the base, and liquid collected in
a tank and either used such, or again pumped
ever the heap. The preserving of ammonia will be
i tuuohed uron il the next question.
b. Common methods of retaining ammonia: lst
|
dust, and peat SOIL These act by their powers of alb
sorbing ammonia by keeping out and keeping up
regular fermentation. I'd. Suphate of iron, sulphate
of magnesia, sulphae of lime chloride of sodium
Sulp hae of iron acts as fxer by free sulphate of
ammonia, deodorizer, by forming sulphuret of
iron, with the sulphuetted hydrogen given off Sui
phate of magnesia acts by forming double salt of
magnesia and ammonia and by uniting with phos-
phoric acid. Sulphate of lime is considered to form
sulphate of ammonia and carbonate of lime. 1t only
ol,,1I -
reduced, and revers again 10 carbonate of ammonia
II may unite With the phosphoric acid Chloride OF
sodium acts by stopping fermentation. Acid fixes
sulphurc and muratic acid acts by entering into com
bnation with ammonia the latter, as it may be pro-
cured cheap near soda manufactures, is the cheap
est, and quite etfectua.
7. Artificial manures their fertizing effects to
ammonia, which they contain, and to phosphoric acid
and potash. The value of course, depends upon the
quantity of these matters they contain they possess
little action.
g. Peruvian guano authorizations used are sand
loan, quicklime and gypsum. To detect the first
burn and dissolve in muriac acid if more than one
per cent Of silica remains sand has been used Fol-
the loam-if the ash is colored red, loan has beer
used For quicklime-after dissolving the ash in mu
ratio acid separate silica and preciptae aumina anC
lon, should it be present; the f1trae add oXalate
of ammonia, if more than trace of lime is precipita
ted; lime has been used to adulerate. Gypsum may
be indirectly detected, by ptecipitate of chloride o
barium.-- The Plow
Grave Serious Charge
}, week or two since we referred 10 the fact tina
! Mr.. Emmett expelled from the Senate of Till
State in 1914 s, on the charge of having forged {
certificate of his election as member of that BODY
and that Gen. Dockery, with nine other members
voted against permitting him 10 take his seat after b.
had been unanimously reelected by the freehoder
r of Onslow County. The Rowan Wings and Yves
tern Advocate, paper Published in Salisbury, b,