The daily union. [volume] (Washington [D.C.]) 1845-1857, 1854-08-17
THE MOSQUITO QUEsTiON,-oRlGIN AND CHAR
AcTER OF THE BRITISH PRoTECToRATE OVER
Especial correspondence OF the N, Y. Daily TmesJ


In my last presented brief glance the history of
the relations of Great Britain that part the American
hemisphere washed by the Caribbean sea- and demonstr
ted, satisfactorily, trust that during the time in which
Spain held her colonies in America Great Britain acquired
shadow of right in that quarter other than the license
10 cut wood at the Balze and the contrary she
peatedly and in the most solemn and various forms ex-
pressy rePudiaed and abured all preenson any other
right privilege than that thus designated In pursuing
this interesting subject the considera
ton ola series of events arising OF the separation
of the Spanish American colonies from Spain
To begin it is TO be stated principle of public law
applicable universally in all those parts of America which
have ceased to be European colonies and have become in
dependent States that each independent colony nherts its
territory with the limits of such territory prior to its indie
pendenc amy modification Of territory occur il is by
convention or 10y conquest; but the identity of the colony
dependent and the colony independent is established
principle of the law of nations in America is reeog
missed not only by the American States themselves but also
uniformly and without exception by all the European
governments Thus the treaty between the United States
and Great Britain concluding the of the revolution
recognises continuous the ancient limits of the thirteen
colonies in the aggregate and all their among
themselves proceed upon the basis So it with
the Portuguese colony the Empire OF Brazil and
likewise with each and all the Spanish American repub-
lies. Let us apply this principle to what follows.
The vce-royalty of New Spain became the Mexican
public, including Yuean Six of the provinces OF the
captain-g eneralshp of Guatemala--namey Guatemala
Vera Paz Honduras Nicaragua, Costa Rica and San Sal
yador-became the republic of Centric America. One of
its provinces, Chapas, torn from it by Mexico Be
ginning with Yucatan and proceeding along the coast of
the Caribbean sea, have next to Yucaan-Vera Paz
then Honduras, then Nicaragua then Costa Rica The
Batze lies in that part of Yucan which adons Vera Paz
The of San Juan del Norte at the mouth of the
river San Juan de Nicaragua and ut this point there is
dispute yet unsettled the limits between Nicaragua
and Rca occasoned by the fact that these PROV
inces whilst united under the capaingenera of Guate-
mala, enjoyed in common the port advantages at the
mouth of the river San Juan These political and geo.
graphical facts necessary be borne in mind in order
appreciate the niquity of the acts and preensons OF
Great Britain in this quarter since the separation these
countries from Spain.
Great Britain had by the treaties of 1888 and 1856 with
SPAIN soemnly renowned all claims pretensons in this
region beyond her settlement the Balize She had
knowledged by treaty and by act of Parliament that the
whole Of that coast including the Baze remained in
the undispued sovereignty of Spain Of course the
try passed into the domain OF the Spanish American
publics OF Mexico and Cenro-Amerca Whatever sove-
regnty Spain had had there they also had The most in
dubitable principles of public law gave them all the
guarantees against any British claim anterior to the years
1888 and 1886 which the treaties of those years gave
Spain So true is this, that when Great Britain to
into treaty relations with the Mexican republic she
expressly recognised the sovereignty of that republic
the whole of Yucaan including the Balize and stipulated
with the Mexican republic continue hold there the
usutuct for woodcuttng that she had under
Spaintbe conditions of the Spanish treaties of 1888 and
7s6 being transported by into the treaty with Mex
| leo.
At this point, then find Great Britain the tenant of
the Mexican republic in the Balize and with other
roria rights whatsoever point of the of the
Caribbean But she coveted something She de-
sired to obtain fpossibe dominion in region of country
which promised at day become of great import
hy of h.
tween the Atlantic and Pacific So she out
upon her Of encroachment by getting up maps
London in which the limits of the Balzeare monstrousy
exaggerated by the royal geographer and the country
called british Honduras"
The trick of this is evident The Balze not Honduras
but Yucatan The province of Vera Paz part of
the republic of Guatemala ntervenes between the Balze
and the former Centric american State ndepend-
ent republic, of Honduras. But the Balize called
British Honduras by the British map-makers SO as to
get up color preex for extension into Honduras
cordngly very the province Paz disappears
from the and the maps British Honduras is
stretched out and literally becomes Honduras and it may
be confidently affirmed that Great Britain has shadow
of claim Iretension the of Vera Paz and Hon
duras except what she gets by thus classifying geographical
terms, and forging maps the OF stealing territory
from the States Of Guatemala and Honduras Then comes
a revival of that Mosquito proectorse which England had
emphacaly abured by the treaties of 1888 and 1885, and
which contempuousy renounced by Lord Chancel
Tor Thurlow Now when the republic of Centric America
has been broken up by intestine dissenson when each of
its little States has set up for feeble republic by itself
England hunts up miserable Indian on the coast of
the State of Nicaragua and transforms the breecess
age into king, under the protection of the of St
George But all this did not bring her down the river
San Juan and her first eSpedient there take pos
session of its mouth by conquest which idea however she
renquished for the easier expedent of giving indefinite
extension TO the pretended Mosquito Kingdom so to
stretch along not only the river San Juan but
into the republic of Costa Rca so rs thus to hold the
entire coast of Centro- America.
Here again. il is not very material to go into al the de-
tails of this miserable series of of petty prng by
the Balize from Nucatan New Grenada for, by the
treaty of 1850 England engaged to the Uni
ted States to occupy fort coonze assume
exercise any dominion Nicaragua Costa RIGA, tho
Mosquito coast amy part of Central America" We
hold Great Britain to this engagement II is engage
nen TO the United States. II is wholly imnacrial how
many Mosquito Indians ess--whether twenty or
fftyshe may have in pay at Blewields, and how many
how few Jamaica negroes she may have planted at San
Juan del Nore and chrstcncd into Greytown The dgice
| is palpable. The Mosquito Indians State
shadow of State The socaled protection of the Mos
quito Indians is sham falsehood up zoe
cupaionN colonization" dominion There is Euro
pean government Great Britain included which has or
had any possessions in America which does main
tain, fundamental principle of public law that the
American Indians not and cannot be a State-that
they subjects of colony State in which they