Worcester daily spy. [volume] (Worcester [Mass.]) 1850-1888, 1854-01-13

in her administrations OF mercy. In the Reform
School, at Marlborough, she was the rsl, 1t is be-
lieved, 10 follow az State the lead OF private be-
negoence, and TO provide for the reformation of the
young by The discipline Of the school, and the im-
posed habits of industry and self-conro.
Brief as the experiment has been, its success has
been most encouraging, and jusrifies the generous
ancipations Of it's muni6cent beneiactor, whose
memory is embamed in The grateful recolleclions Of
a whole community.
Of that Institution VIII be laid before you by it's
Bonrd Of Trustees, and in view Of its success, You
may be induced to inquire whether a similar insti-
tuition for youth of the othcrsex may moi wisely be
provided.
Passing from these local Institutions, to our gen.
-eral system Of Common Schools we enter upon
topic Of peculiar interest to Massachusetts. The
fathers of the Republic, by foresight almost in.
spired, conceived the true value oil these, and de-
vised system, al the very first, which, wiIheome
notifications, has served the purposes Of popular
education through every stage of her growth and
pTogress. These schools have been her glory and
her pride, and 10 them, more than any other caused
she owes her rank in the scale Of free States
However rigid the people may have been in ex-
acting strict economy in the expenditure Of publ
money, there has rarely been any complaint OF charg
es incurred IorHheir schools' On the contrary. in
consequence OF the attention that has recently been
awakened TO the subject, the school tax throughout
the State as learn from report Of The Board Of
! Education, had nearly doubled between the years
1871 and 1851, amounting, instead OF 2,55 at the
former period, for each child between the ages OF
four and sixteen, TO the sum OF $4,71 at the latter
date, for each child between the ages Of FIVE and
fifteen years. m-
Even in respect to experiments which may have
been regarded as of doubtful expediency, the public
have been content to see them fairly tested, and,
TO do ample justice 10 the measure of their sue
cess.
commend this subject to your favor, under the
light which will be thrown upon ii by the Report Of
the Board Of Education which viii be laid before
you.
In the department Of Business, as the term is gen.
orally understood, the powers Of the Legislature are
limited, not only by the control over which has
been delegated TO the General Government; but,
practically BY prevalent disposition in the people
10 manage their own affairs. Still, it has ever been
considered an object of legislative regard, as will
readily appear by reference to the body of our
listing laws.
Ii has, indeed, been assumed that the leading pol.
icy Of Massachusetts, for many years past, has been
to aid and encourage business, and especially the la
Dor and home industry Of its citizens. And the
fruits Of this policy may be the progress OF
the Commonwealth during that period, ineverythiDg
that constitutes Independence and thrift.
To the infuence Of This wise policy through her,
legislatures, she owes that system of Bank Facili~
that convenient plan OF corporate organizations for
private enterprises, but governed by general and
equal laws, which has entered so intimately into the
economy Of Aer affairs.
To this cause may be ascribed the readiness with
which she has lent her aid to Railroads, and other
schemes for opening avenues TO proper markets for
her agricultural, manufacturing, and mechanical
products; and the encouragement by way OF bouii-
ties, which she has rendered to agriculture and the
useful arts in developing and multiplying her physl-
cal resources
In none Of these has section, or class, or party
been regarded. The Commonwealth whole
has been made, as iai as possible, 10 share III the
favors Of The government.
4 While commend this policy to your favorable
attention, the question of its application must de-
pend upon your judgment alone. II will be Tor you
10 determine in respect to each it may arise,
how far legislation should lend its aid to the accom-.
plishment Of any measme that may be brought TO
your consideration.
So far as her fnreen trade, her fisheries, and her
industry generally, are affected by causes beyond the
control OF her Legislature, Massachusetts can only
act through her representatives in Congress. But
with her devotion TO the Union; and her readiness
at all times to maintain the constitution, her citizens
will be slow to believe that her opinions and
pie, however manifested, viii not be felt in the poll
cy Of the nation. They will be slow TO believe that
her domestic industry will be denied the protection
which it needs, that her and complicated in.
eress willeve be sacrificed to plausible theories or
ingenious specuations. is sos 5aslN
With the nterpretatonrof our laws in the last re-
sort, the Constitution has left little for the Legsa-
iure TO do. aay s5a,,fpr
The iiamers of that instrument knew the init
mate connection there is between the enjoyment
of life, liberty, and property, and the maintain
ance of an independent Judiciary. This senti-
ment thus early promulgated in the Bill of Rights,
has continued to gain strength in its hold upon
the public mind, by the ability and integrity with
which our courts have met the duties imposed
upon them by the Constitution and the law, and
greatly misjudge the public sentiment, or this
independence is one of the safeguards which the
people will be willing to compromise or surren-
der. sss- 20 s.f e
1t dose not become me to speakmuch at length
of the powers and duties of the Executive. What
ever these may be, he will be justly held to a
strict account for the manner in which they are
exercised, at the bar of public opinion-the most
formidable of all tribunals under popular gov
eminent.
In regard to one of those powers a difference
4 of opinion prevails.
The Constitution requires revision of all bills
and resolves, by the Executive, before they &C.
| quire the force of legislative acts The obvious
purpose of this is, that every law before its pas
sage, shall be Judged of by single mind, stand
| ing at Indifferent point of view from that al
which the two branches may have originally re.
| garded it. 2stNsssEl G
Corresponding to this duty, 1t gives the Execu.
tive the qualified power of arresting the passage
| of such bills and resolves But it does not con.
stitute him an essential element Of the law-mak-
ing power, since, even against his recorded OBJ
jections, law may require full validity and ef
feet. sas AslFfF
The principal object of conferri2g qualified
veto power upon the Executive, must therefore,
hayetbeen to prevent hasty and unadvised legis-
lation, and to place in his hands the means Of
guarding, to a certain extent, against encroach-
ments upon the constitutional authority Of any
of the departments of the government.
Though do not anticipate either of these oc
casions for its exercise, deem it proper to pre-
sent my own impressions upon the subject that
in approving any law, deliberately enacted, the
question of its expediency way rest where The
Constitution intended it should-with respon-
sible legislature.
One means of executing the laws recognized by
the Constitution, is an organized Militia. You
will doubtless share in thi interest which has been
manifested towards this institution by successive
legislatures. asffs aiHb - = -
1t is true that some have imagined that the