The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1854-07-31

THE CzAR's BIRTHDAY.

he birthday Of the Czr = just over and surely
y Dsst bsys been he most anxious and dismal Of
hi birthday grave as TIE vieissItudes Of his life
have BEER. He Was born on the 9Th Of July (sew
sty 1855, and already, while only SO, no y worn,
Msksn-ol6er In oonstitutaon and appearances than
mosf men who have lived ten or hfteen years longer
biz most eager enemies caanot Look ON sac1 spe :
vishout sort q grief In the midst Of ther sstis
siderable, and : so,as that once had much thlt
was hns n g. should bsvso carried the man into q
nspsn NO higher thanlsue Of warning. after he and
many o,hera had beHeyed Y would be one Of rstreg-
, al and ameli0gation.
Fssre l. no need tsossy be was unhappy In his
aes emit. The grADdsds q sCatherins, and the 500
Of Paul, clsims our pity at TIE outset. The
nisebief ives, however, amply constitutional, for be
was VOC yslng at the dessh Of botn 70 suffer By
their exsmlle. He wss Jonr montcs old when the
and e r. ss sta ssa vAsn ms
therefore e1em from the horrible imputation which
is.tsd ON his elder brosi efs-thss soey knew what
wss doing ON the night cf Panl's murder, and con-
liberty and even bf.. Alexander was then four aad.
tw MY but the child Nch las, then spirited and
clever boy Of fourSud-a nalf, Wa one OF the
lat who received l0ving w,xd and kiss from bis
doosed father. On that fatal evening, Paul was In
one Of his aniable moods; and be sent {, the Em-
pIess-thas Ingenious German girl, who found TIE
greatness which had IT first ass0nlshet her, mise.
her fathers castle. Her husband went % her draw
ina room that evening, spoke anectinnate, to her,
aud look the baby int0 his arms, and plsyed with
tie litle Niosolas. His mother did the best she
Lsuronf supcrinteDded it. Adelung tsngat hun
nguages aud Coun ciilor 6tirk instructed him In
olfncal Q onomy to no great purpose, judging BY
The lesuhs. He was more inclinei to military
fo,ti6cahon as Un 10 Toby himself. He was fond Of
music TOO, ana united tho two tastes by composing
military marches. Though his constitutional indus
w manifested itef In tbs pursuit OF snch studies ~
igDosns-TesIly ignorans Of I'll 1t bscame-not only
Prince, but Q gentleman ~ know; aud not few
o. ~ wisest mel in Europe attribute his fatal or
iqs and msiortupes 70 this cause above all others.
jssrcibllty was 90 CREST that no one cared to APP
p'osch him unnecessarily, HIS manDers ~ere ex.
tersivey rude, and the contrast was daily painted
ont b thore who dared speak 70 each other bat veen
twenty be- came TO England, after the peace. He
was then tall youth, said ct the tim ~ b. stern
KkeBtss Of his brother the Gar On bis return, he
ssplo,sd nis o~n country. and lived FOR some time
that DO became interested In the condition Of the
lower osden Of the people; and It was probably at
tins time that he conceived the idea Of oman dpsiing
n. This was bis brother's aim. aud there ' are
aGne enlightened Russians who believe that Alex
ander died broken-heasted on account Ut the "in-
graaitade" with which HE en,rts for his peoples
and repayment" arc commonly used on such
oeeasions but in this case we imagine the hostility
WIS On the part Of ono class, on account Of tho
Indulgence shown 70 another. II did nut, and il
neAt) to have the serss emancipated and 8
nsWhst recent instance Of the calamtties winch
nsp eIsue on giving anything Ike hope Of ftesdom
.sd prog ere e any e TIE Cars h5gss: cl.as q
N NE character and conduct q Nicholas seelsg,
y he ia, that every hote held out b Alexander
- 70 violence amSpg The sen populaton--that
itied they began 70 ont tsif masters 70 Pieces Of
Day th. N slivehe eave NJ the idea Of regenerati0g
The policy Of the empire; and his course a. Emperor
Ao@s that suits him better TO make himself type
Predecessor, than the imitasor Of Alexander, In
ring to make something worry 6ne out Of . mixtare
n TIE milk and honey Of the Gospel With tho gall
hAe hnmstoae Of Musc0vits domination. Alexander
bad, however, something more TO trouble him than
be failure If his benevolent schemer. In the year
lSl7 WHEN Nicholas Was marrying the Prussian
prin. ess who Is now nursng him In .his Prema-
ola age secret society formed IN Ras ia
he rest Of his life. For nine years no lived In
Re knowledge that graf conspiracy existed,
h. object Of which was to fOrm federal IN oa Of
% The Adiiasic--ttat object Of course insludng he
deposition Of the Romanof family. No means,
ithtr Of baud or force, were OF any use In putung
sxD this conspiracy; and for nine years did Alex
nder walk abou. with this fearful ghost Ut his
peek, never moving when the moment would come
Or him to feel it's grasp. This society intended to
efo n the political condition Of Russia altogether,
md to reinstate Poland. The conspiracy was d.
&c. consequences Of The wa<; aud e is astonishing
bat Nj holas, ' no must know this very well, has
& deferred to the last possible moment tho send-
sg hs armies forth In European warfare. He
Alliance Of the Sons Of the Fstbsrland, wa; CON
beivvd Of ard formed by young officers who had
picked up ideas Of . better government than the
Russian IN foreign countries, and yet he offered TO
ND hrds that the same thing happens again; that
q tfisers and even the common soldiers have re-
arnsd with some notions in their head, which
nsle bis intervention In Hungary more . loss TO
The military men who returned home after the
eacc inni cula&ed the young nobility and the dis
Election spread through the whole class 1t ~ an
bh story. The despotic monarch and uncnfran-
h,Md people arc one party, and the arist0cracy
notLer, and the two are in constant srtagonism ID
NJ desp0tisms. Il u the natural operation OF this
ecessity which explains, every Russian problem,
s,s and pr sent and WI explain every lGturG one
nd fatality VI the Rnaian case lies In the extreme
kpression brutalisation, and hel ,lessness Of the
spHlar class. This peculiarly seems to point to
Fsrd conduit a the present Car 90 justiaes the
usp,cion of his insanity as his precipitatng %
ecessariy the catastrophe viii h sooner or later
rust come. It must be remembered, however,
bet he IL ignorant. He has no philosophical
bdeht into the principles Of Interpretation Of
ptOry, and no httlc suspects ho~ the students
nd philosophers Of his day read his hor scope,
nd tell his fsture or that Of HE family and empire
confidently as If they were prophets. By his best
uslsies--his courage, his energy, and devotion 70
present purpose-he crushed the hoetile enterprise
4 the tine; and now, nearly thirty years after, he
doing his utmost In his Ignorance TO revive it.
)De secret 90 iety after another was discovered Ia
Akxal dcr's time, but under the appearance Of sup
psessit each mergei In the great ono which could
Iendr nearly the whole wholesome Of whom
hsir demands to reform, and the deposition Of the
~ SsslnsusSed ismi, Of mobiles in tue who hole en-
lie was uDconnected with the conspiracy. The
,zsr't committee Of inquiry ascertained this, add
ith Il the Othe al important fact that the Immense
nioyity were the Olioarchists and The men who de-