The daily union., 1854-07-20
CITY OF WASHINGTON tn RSDAY MORNING. JULY 60 1854.

and treaty Of commerce signed by the plenpoienti
aries OF the countries London; bat they declared
that they could agree upon any arrangement of
nerce relating 10 the trade between the United States and
the colonies and none made. In December 1907
Congress passed the embargo aw and in June 1908 the
British government authorized the governors of all the
North American provinces to open their ports 10 Amer
vessels a curious illustration OF the policy OF Great
Britain in the regulation Of this interest Is the fact that
she compelled to abandon ia the nterct which
she had promulgated in peace From the I'd July 1883
till the American embargo of 1901 the vessels OF the Uni
ted States excluded from the British colonial ports
SO necessary TO the colonies this trade that
il nerdcied the part of the United States in Brit
sh vessels than they obliged 70 open 70 those OF
America
By the convention Of lsl5 Great Britain obtained
lnqushnent OF discriminating duties and retained
for herself n the exclusion of the colonies from the
rangement Of mutual commerce. all the advantages OF The
double crcitous voyage from Greet Britain the col
onie from the colonies the United States and from the
United States 70 Great Britain The disastrous effects q
this speedily felt by the commercial and shipping in
ierests of the United States.
Mr Madison in bis message Of the ilst December 1916
communicated Congress the fact that the regulations Of
Great Britain peculiar advantages TO British vessels
in comparison with ours and especially the great dsant
age enjoyed by British vessel. in the navigation between
ports and the British ports in Europe on account Of
the ercuou voyages enjoyed by the and not enjoyed
BY the other and he insisted the resonabeness OF the
rule of reciprocity applied branch OF the CONNER
oa intercourse being made equally applicable to both
branches.
In consequence Congress passed two acts which
virtually though not expressly intended for the protection
of our commerce with the British colonies; they were
preparatory the adoption of the navigation act Of the
18th April lsls and the supplementary act OF 10Th May
1920
During the whole period intervening between the
usion Of the commercial convention Of 1915 and the issne
the order in council closing the colonial ports the Uni
ted States made all proper efforts to arrange the question
THE Of the United States says Mr. Clay then
Secretary of State in his letter Mr. Vaughan of the lth
October 1926 has always been anxious that the trade be-
tween them and the British colonies SHOULD be placed upon
1tjr,ol NJ Il.
ment since the adoption Of The present constitution when
they not willing TO apply it the principles of fair
reciprocity and equal competition there has not been
time during the same period when they have understood
the British government be prepared adopt that prin
ciple The struggle the side of Great Britain
maintain her monopoly and that of the Upited States
equal participation the trade and intercourse
between them and the British colonies.
Though there existed virtual non-intercourse
between tne unied states ana the briiish colonies yet
there did not to be mutual exchange OF their
peetive products rather the export trade of the Uni
ted States Of commodities destined for the of the Brit
h colonies continued because necessary the col
ones have these articles And while the colonies could
not receive them directly they could and did indirectly
through the neutral islands Of St Thomas and St Barho
o,new, each of which became OF entrepo for
commerce and that Of the British colonies.
great portion of the export trade 10 the lower colo
nesNew Brunswick Nova Scotia, Prince Edward island
and Cape BFeonowng to the great extent OF seacoast
carried on in Illegal by large numbers Of
small vessels engaged in that business there also
partial exchange of goods between the coloniss and the
|
and Bay Of Fundy for supply OF gypsum TO American
vessels which at that time enjoyed the carrying trade
that article and Of domestic goods 10 the southwestern
portion OF New Brunswick and Nova Scotia The import
trade from the colonies important the United
States the export trade the colonies 1t aT-
parent all interested in the trade and Of the
country that it wonld be much better is
present time that this trade should be free open and
cproe and not burdened with unnecessary charges the
consumer But the mpedments and charges 10 which it
subjected by this indirect neutral transit
trifng evil compared with the disastrous effects sys-
tenn winch subjected the opening of British ports To the
runou restrictions OF colonial and imperial Inonopoes
The evils of the system which had thus far prevailed are
well expressed in the letter Of Mr. Adams Mr. Rush
dated june % 1928: "The system of reciprocity with
gard TO navigation established by the treaty OF Ghent be-
tween the United States and the British possessions in Eu
rope has Substantially the acceptance OF proposal made
to all nations with which the United States have
cia intercourse by the Of Congress OF Cd March, 1875
eondiuonaly repeating discriminating duties. But it
expressly limited The British possessions in Europe
and while accepting it, therefore the British government
resortcd to the system OF introduction the admission of
vessels into her American colonial ports The direct
trade between Great Britain so interviewer with and
dependent upon that between the United States and the
colonies, that this convention would have been than
nugatofy 10 the United States IL while the European part
OF this intercourse was placed upon footing of entire
ciprouy that between the United States and the colonies
onopoiized by British navigators This was pac
tealy felt from the moment that the took
effect and in the year SIC several efforts made
duce the British government to adjust this collision of in
terests by alnicable nego,iotionsH
1t deserves 20 te remembered says the Hon Caleb
Cushing that the convention OF 1915 wHs the first
bic departure y Great Britain from the exclusycness OF
her navigation laws, which Mr. Huskissop stated in Par
ament matter Of necessity During Mr.. Adarss
administration unsuccessful attempts made
to American vessels the benefits Of the circuitous
aud the privileges 10 American vessels in colonial
ports awarded to colonial vessels in American
ports.
In 1879 Mr NieIane then our minister 70 the court Of
st James instructed by President jackson open
negotiations relative the colonial trade The proclaa-
ton issued by the President in November 1880 and the
order in council November 1890 give the substance Of
Mr. McIanes negotiations our ports Of entry inn
oediaey opened 10 British and British colonial vessels
engaged in the colonial trade and subsequently The colo
NAL vessels laden with colonial produce allowed
discharge their Mt ports OF delivery aisowhch
proved great benefit TO colonial navigation considering
the craft engaged ia The trade As American vessels
not allowed TO load and unload except at free ports culo
nia vessels restricted ports Of entry by circular
force
You win doubtless remember thai the arrangement made
by Mr. Aclne in 1880 created much discussion and dis
satisfaction IN the chief commercial cities and caused great
alarn 20 The navigation interest Whatever the
mediate effects Of this arrangement American interests
With respect colonial ntcres,snore especially the
commercial interests Of Nova Scota and New Bruins
wckl feel justified in saying it has accomplished much
for Those provinces any law passed BY Great Britain
for their benefit
Although the North American participated in
the immense foreign trade Of the empire wch gradually
developed the shpbuding capacities Of the colonies Its
course restricted this continent for already
given, until $780, when ii acquired wider range, and
tered on the enjoyment of great privileges by joint pr
cpaton in the foreign carrying trade between the United
States and Great Britain and The British possessions in u
rope and America.
the shipping interests of the country made
manifest bg the rapid OF British colonial sTs