The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1854-08-12

TO succeed General PeZueia.
The tw, English deserters who we're On tria ia
Boston for robbing the Queens treasury at Sydney,
and claimed by the British Consul under the Ash.
burton treaty, were yesterday discharged by ,hs
Urited States Commissioner, he deciding the oas1ce
to be simple larceny They were Immediately re-
acsested-tbe British Consu! IN aking a complaint u
hrceny against them.
COMMERCIAL ArFAJRs.
Common brands OF State -four advanced about
% cents per barrel and most descriptions of good
| TO extra qualities rose also, about 12s cents per
barrel higher. Corn and wheat were without change
of moment. Cotton was fism with some less acti.
witty. Pork continued firm with light tran sacti ms
Progress Of the Revolutions IN south and
Central Am, Ilca.
Ii was only the other day we had occasion to
allude TO the great efforts the governments Of
Venezuela and some Of the other South and
Central American States were makisg to en-
courage immigration from Europe. A glance
at the present state Of things in that region
may help to show why Venezuela finds it
necessary to offer free lands and inordi-
nate privileges to foreign settlers: while
we are thronged with immigrants. and IA
Their need legislation to restrain than to
stimulate their increase. The whole story is
told in few words: we are at peace, they are
constantly plunged in war. At the present
moment, nearly the whole Of the northern por-
ton of South and large space Of Genital
America is battle field. Santa Anna is en-
gagtd in death struggle with the Mexican in
suroent Alvarez. True VIC hear now and then
that the latter il crushed and his forces routed:
but this intelligence, which emanates from an
official source, is generally followed by news Of
totally different character. A rumor now
prevails to the effect that Alvarez has applied
for and obtained pecuuiary all from this neigh
bolbood and from California. Should THU
prove true tberc-canno' be doubt OF the sue
cess Of The Insurgents. Santa Aona's unpopl-
laray aould draw the whole Mexican people
round AIvaez's standard, "a soon a. it was
known that he was possessed Of the sinew5 OF
war. All hi, defeats have been caused By the
want Of this essential element Of success;
timely consignment Of dollars would repair the
past, and place his star in the ascendant II Is
doubtless the apprehension Of this which induces
subject to the call Of trnsiy conGdant instead
Of taking it to Mexico, whore ii is so much
needed Seven millions Of dollars would be
comfortable fortune to retire with and should
fortune prove adverse, The present ruler Of
Mexico could with tie hep II this resour3
manage to spend the remainder OF his days il
very coed style. His exclusion from Mexico
would Of ccursc be the signal for more wars,
aud intestine commissions; but after all, tic
condition Of the country would be no worse
than il il at present.
Evcnezuela is ravasei by struggle as vio-
lent as that which d,stracts Mexico 1t scoEls
certain that the country i tired OF the Monagas
dynasty, which, by monopolising the Prcsiden-
tial chair for the two brothers of that name,
has SO long held the feins OF power. The cp-
poncnts OF the Monagas long since appealed 10
arms /; and have held the field under Pace with
alternate successes and reverses for some time
past. Until recently, the advantage has been
on the side OF the government; but the recent
horrible assaere of Gasces aud his party #
insurgents, who were surprised by the troops
Of Monagas, brought great unpopularity on the
latter 1t is always impossible TO foresec pre-
cisey the result Of civil wars IN South Ameri-
can countries; but this event will obviously
exercise no small influence upon the approach
ing Presidential election, and will probably
ALLEVIATE from the Monagas a large section of
their adhercnts. Meanwhile the whole State is
a prey to war
Peru and New Granada are ii precisely The
same position; and Ecuador has only just re-
covered from the terror Of Flores. la Peru
General Castillo has organized a fogmidabl.
iorce TO oppose tho government and overthrow
General Fcheuque Both parties have TAKEN
the field and the nation auSionsly awaits che
result of the struggle, From al we hear the
,.harecs are in favor of The rebels If funds an
9 procured 70 support their army. In M
Granada. on tho contrars the tide seems 70 be
citing in teycr II the established authoritjt,
nd General obando, ard against The insdvre.t
Colonel Melo. |, i. said tha. the soveram,at
I'D he strong enough 10 Suppress the IN urrcc-
iionary movements.
Such l. the condition OF Gao creates, States ~
southern and Ccu,rll America. II has been
the same OLD Story lof ears lhtelIil uSS@nr
.ions aud war: no principles at stake bat sim
ply personal rvalti,s and dynastic jeoloa+lcs,
Paul rehelng against Peter and Peter trying
Ia upset Paul TO the State Il Tnutefa MOI =
rush which OF the rivals j. successful B0fh
will govern after The same plan. on the eAmr
pnnciples, aal with tie - oe instruments.
The rebel oi 10 day j. a ruler to-mogrow ana
~ exile tho next day aud y the
rrme eoes Oh, u ii cndlr.s circi
IL perpetunlly recurring mutations, tin
enarcby and hloe dsbed seem The settled 10 to-
of orc Of he finest sp0ts "A the earth. Nothing
Is elgarer Dan that Ii. people ., sheqe States
tte G,,certants Of TIE ~ Spaui7rae-have no
uot'cr II corstitu'ional liberty. They caana
bring themselves 10 &c coatant with yo..ag