The south-western., 1854-09-13


symptoms, very often coming On without an,
} warning, and occurring in the midst OF ordlna
ry health 1t is generally ushered in with
/. chill, and severe pains in the back and limbs
After febrile reaction has been established, tn
skin is hot and dry, the respiration htrned
: the face flushed, the eyes red and "atery, AM
the coniunctiva much injected There is
, sense of uneasiness, sometimes tenderness a
the epigastgium, accompanied by nausea ant
vomiting. The tongue is at first moist anE
covered with yeowisIl- Il-whte fur-there /
also extreme thirst. The pulse ranges from
the natural standard to 1870 or even l40.-
Sometimes it is remarkably slow, either ex
treme is significant Of great danger. Some
times there is delirium and prostration, at 9th
crs the mind is clear, and the muscular strength
unimpaired The bowels are ordinarily cos
tive, and when discharges are obtained, they
are commonly unhealthy in character. AS the
disease advances, the pain in the limbs becomes
more intense, especially in the lower extremi.
ties, the calves and front of the legs. This
stage is called the stage Of iavasion, and lasts
| from few hours to three days; the shorter the
duration, the more violent generally IS the dis
ease After this comes the stage OF remission,
or tie stage agithout tever. All the symptoms
abate and the patient seems to be convaIes-
cent; there are symptoms present however, by
which the experienced are warned of the con-
tinuance of the disease. The epigastrium is
even more tender upon pressure, the skin be-
comes yellow or orange color-the urine as
sumes yellow tnge, and the pulse sometimes
sink as low as 40 in the minute. After short
calm, the stomach assumes its former irrtabil-
ity, and the peculiar substance called BLACK
voM1r is elected. The tongue is dry brown,
and chapped. The patient becomes more and
more prostrated; there are at times passive
hermorrhages, at others suppression of urine,
o. retention The pulse becomes more and
more feeble, the respiration, signing - the
without effort, and discharges of the same mat
ter take place from the bowels. This stage is
sometimes called the stage of collapse, some
times instead Of collapse, symptoms Of reac
ton set in, which are always to be regarded as
a salutary effort of nature, sometimes termina
ting in health, sometimes however running on
to extreme exhaustion or assuming a typhoid
form.
ANATOMICAL CHARA Ac1ERs.-The membranes
Of the brain are often found injected, and Sc
rum efaced into the yentricies. The STOMACH
Usually presents traces of inflammation, having
is mucus coat either Redeemed, thickened, soft
:ned or eroded. The peculiar matter called
black vomlt is now generally believed to be
blood altered by admixture with the acid secre-
ion Of the stomach The LIVER is altered in
olor and consistence, is much harder than
atural; sometimes it is drv and anemic, though
arely nhamed. 1t varies in color from lemon
cow to straw color and in consstence, from
eing soft and friable to positive induraton.
CAUsE.-Speculation is rife as to the cause ,
t this disease. There is no doubt that it is
s specific as that of small pox, though Of its
recise nature nothing definite is known. Heat |
nd filth alone not able to produce it, neither
re marsh misasmata, independently Of other
auses. Strangers are more liable to it than 7
ong residents and whites more than negroes !
.mong the predisposing causes are exposure, !
fear and sudden changes of S
Gather. d
DIoGNos1s.-At first it is not easy. As the ?
lsease advances however the severe pains in P
le back and lower cxtEcmities, the peculiar in P
elton of the conjunctiva, the excessive irita- t
ity of stomach, the yellowness of the skin. 0
I'd finally the black vomit, are enough to d. e
5nosticute the disease. II
PRoGNos1s.- Generally regarded as unfavor- P
Die, though much depends upon the person
tackled, the character Of the epidemic, and d
e severity of the symptoms. Symptoms of ii
eat prostratlon are very unfavorable, and a II
tai suppression of urine is certainly fatal h
5n Strangury, however, is regarded as Il
yorable sign. tt
TEEAENENr.-Early in tile disease, before to
ere is much rltabiity of stomach, an emetic tn
of great service, particularly if the stomach tn
loaded, it should only be used however, un- SC
7 these circumstances. Blood letting to be Sc
service, should be employed early, and even or
en-, not unless called for by the violence of W
e symptoms, and the state of the pulse
ercurals are on all sides declared to be of
eat service in this disease. They should be L(
first with a viewto their cathartic in
ton, and then to their specific influence as IN
pidly as possible. Febrifuge medicines are in
% called for, of these perhaps none is so good or
ICE. given internally, together with cool
ong'ng externally-the latter with caution. of
also often alIays the excessive irrita5ity of co
; stomach. 10 the same end the etferyes- ito
g draught may be employed and sinapisms ia,
leechess externally. If tie pain in the head to
very great, cups Or )ecches may be employed oe
'ether with cold applications to the part. In Il,
; second stage the febrifuge and depicting an
nedies should be suspended, except the mer- III
rlals to which may be added the acetate Of AM
d, with a view Of diminishing the inhamma- Of
n of the stomach, and also for its astrnoent the
'pertles. Bstcrs may also be applied to the nr(
gastrlum and the raw surface sprinkled with de,
tate of morphine. In the third stage, cor ny,
Is and stimulants are demanded. Su]pbate It'll
qu1nlne, intuslons of bark or serpentara "a,
b. of ammonia, capsicum, turpentne, wine na
ey, or brandy and water may be administer ~ ~,
External stlmulants as friction, sinanisms GA
baths, DC, may also be found hene fc;al
apartment should be kept well ventilated
excrementious matter removed. n,c
lHE LAND GRADUATIoN-T land oradn.. ue
LII ,r,, '""u S'aoua- WI
bill, passed both houses Of congress and rey
ned by the president, prorides that all lands tio
ch have been in market for ten oyears and of
wards, shall be subject to entry at one dol COZ
per acre; hftcea years and upwards, at tn .nS
enty-hve cents; twenty years and upwards wa