The daily union., 1854-11-10
From The N. Y. Journal Of Commrrcr.
POWER IN THE PACIFIC.

ta3
eonnent This trade consisted principally in furs and
TORY and traditions still exist the American coast Of
phns straits of commercial intercourse between Pekin
and the colonized Tchuxaohs The posts which now
held by the Russian government the northern coast OF
their American possessions founded by Chinese who
IN the beginning of the sixteenth century had already
made thither numerous expeditions.
After the CossacIs under Yermac Tmofcef had passed
,h ural mountains in 1873 they conquered the Tartar
bordes with whom the Tchuxatchs partly united, and
continued 10 push their garrsons rapidly forward TO the
Fo, and South until the Amour river bounded their eu-
On the side of China and the Frozen and Pacific oceans
were the limit of their possessions to the northeast These
Gradual encroachmens upon Chinese territory were hnaly
resisted In 1860 when broke out between Russia and
China which was carried with more less vigor for
nearly forty years Ii terminated in the treaty OF peace of
1880 by which Russia restored portion OF its conquests
10 China and yielded the of the river Amour TO
,ho pe,p government The whole of Siberia and KANT
htko remained however under the Cars dominion and
his subjects acquired commercial rights with China greater
than had been oeded to other nations Indeed compara
lively free trade with the Celestial empire was considered
The great acquisition of that treaty and OF consequence su
6eient to reconcile the imperial brothers. Paul and Peter
the Great to relinquhment of part OF the territory they
had for a while possessed
But Russia had had before that period an eye to
the trade which might her the northeastern
coast Of sa and in America In l64s Russian ships
had sailed from Kolima two of which reached the Gull OF
Anadr in Kamtschatka. AS the want of central point
in that region had been considered cause OF many pre-
yous defeats in conflicts with the Tchuxatchis, 10000 Rus
sian families and 10000 Cossacks anspanted to the
coast of Okhotsk and beautiful city, with forts palaces
An arsenal, cannon foundry barracks, and fleet soon
sprang into existence that frozen desoate La
borers and soldiers died however rapidly than they
could be replaced. Their only food salt fish bread
could not be obtained iron worth much as silver
and no amonn of enterprise and energy found sut
eeat withstand the exposure and famine to which the
ooonss were subject Neither did the sacrifices
made by the government those victories hostile
tribe. that had been calculated The settlement of
okhotsk therefore abandoned and the town speedily
sank from ephemera greatness into the miserable village
which it continues to remain at the present day.
The Empress Caharine adopted different system from
that which bad been followed by her predecessors Her
cousors persuaded her that the possession of Oregon
and California requisite to insure eventual prosperity
Siberia and that the natural riches of the American
continent must become the nexhausble fountain whence
to supply the desert plains and enrich the poverty
tribes of her Asian dominons. considerable fleet was
therefore assembled in Kamtschaka in 1888 for the pur
pose of acquiring possession Of Nootka vancouvers
island. When this should have been accomplished the
leader of the expedition received instructions explore the
Pacific coast for favorable military positions far south
Upper California and to take possession of them the
Of the Russian government But for the energy Of
the yeeroy Of Mexico these plans would have been
ted Admiral Esevan Martinez left California and landed
with considerable forces upon the island Of Nooka and
two Spanish rigates made diversion by blockadng the
Russian settlements in the Aleutian archipelago Catha-
did dare at that time to declare against Spain
The Russian fleet returned to Kamtschatka and the inn
ense materials that had bsen for founding new
colonies went to furty those Islands in Behring's straits
which exposed to attacks from the Tchuxatchs
Shortly AFTER Pitt then at the head of the English minis
y by prudenty directed menaces succeeded in obtaining
from Spain the entire renunciaton of Nootka island He
pretended that it had been originally bought by English
aa,t3r so.a a. iAtaA ol pais OF pistols
Under thg protection Of the Emperor Paul whale
fishery and fur company established at Moscow and
kntsk which Commenced very extensive operations on
both banks of Behring's straits This association SO
successful that the Gar made oyer TO Il all Russian pos
essops il could acquire in America but attached the
ion that i. should carry out the plan of Catharne to
establish either by arms or purchase military posts down
the northwestern American coast far as Mexico. In
1906 Resano goveorgenera of the Russian settlements
made the first attempt to obtain hold below Oregon. He
sailed southwark far the Gulf of Bodega near San
Francisco explored the valley Of Santa Rosa and
ceeded in purchasing from the Mexican authorities the
rgh, to "bud depots for provisions which should be
brought by the Cboeros the coast This depot shortly
became an armed fort then importan town; agrcul
ure was carried by farmers from Courand and Sbe
ma and the dried meats of the Cboleros became most
Important article Of trade and of nourshment to the in
abtants of Kamtschatka Okhosk and the interior towns
Of Siberia
The inhabitants Of California nsgated by Americans
and English often sought to get rid Of their rcd bearded
guests, but had become much afraid of them make
any very vigorous attempt to resist their encroachment
The provincial government forbade under heavy penalties
all commerce with the Russians but the latter steadily
CURED power obtained possession of the fisheries Of Cali
orn and established agencies at Monterey, Santa Bar
ar and Mazatan Beef and mutton to be purchased
oo per cent cheaper in Kamtsehatka than San Francis
60 and after the peace Of 1915 the Russians multiplied
sp9diy seir Mexican colonies
nls2 the Emperor Alexandria decreed that all the western
coast Of America north Of latitude 81 deg belonged Rus
m and forbade under penalty of conscation the entry of
gn ships into Russian ports in that territory This of
apohe folly ruined great numbers Of New England ship
rs and regarded insult by the cabinet WASH
hgion The declaration of President Monroe in 1929 fol-
owed that part of the North American tnent might
~eheeorth be considered open aggressive colonization
0A ~ iS2f treaty for ten years between the United
oes auf Russia guaranteed, in measure American
ghe This treaty and another between Russia and Eng
anu IN 1928 limited the Russian territory on this con
' 70 the region north Of latitude "a deg and Russia
seu 10 restore Bodega TO Mexico But far from full
"uins the obligations thus assumed the agreement to
uAnuoh the Mexican followed by increase OF
ne garrison there by taking into Russian pay American
o'an and even Sandwich islander adventures aud by
" ~ augmentation Of Russian power in Upper California
, e 'erlhfo" OF Spanish supremacy in America and
~ e'psnment OF the Mexican republic assisted Russian
ssfesson oy throwing into the hands Of its diplomacy
ans OF intrigue which promised to seeure TO her The pos
on eyehtnaiy Of the between % deg aud 80 deg
me provinces Of Upper and Lower California d