The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1854-07-02

culiarly sunnGAafy, In respect to persousges who
might reasonably be expected to prove troublesome.
The military capabilities of the Marshal said not to
be wanting, and it is thought by many that II he
only possessed the smallest shred Of principle he
might pan for respectable Such il the generaissi
mo of the two armies Of France and England, and
that be should be 60 is not among the least curious
OF The events OF the year Of our Lord 1854.
n. Veron has published the third volume Of his
Memories dun Bourgeois de Paris, )" and every.
whose IL 10 being read with the liveliest interest
ing out, as director Of the opera, the famous "Ro
bert e Diable," is graphic in the highest degree;
and when We read how while preserving the amour
psptvr Of every one he had 70 interfere alike with
alter the mis- scene and keep up incessant bat
terry Of notifications, almost to the final rehearsal
we almost wonder he is alive TO tell the tale Veri
ly, directors bed is not exactly one of roses.
Japan, Russia ana the United States.
From the Calcutta Englishman, April 24]
By the Pekin we have received papers from
Hong Kong to the Sth, and from Singapore to the
already appeared in our Saturday evening paper,
namely, the conclusion Of q treaty between the
Americans and the Japanese. Some particulars,
below. The Americans have obtained two ports for
trading, and coal station. Japan yields plenty
Of coal, and it viii be brought from the mines for
the use Of steamers. The most important fact that
has transpred is that the Japanese have expressed
their willingness to make commercial treaties with
any other nation which may seek them, provided
it Is done peaceably.
To what are we to attribute this entire change of
:he touch Of Commodore Perry We suspect that
the war in China with the English made profound
impression upon the Japanese. They saw the utter
inability OF that vast Empire 20 contend against
Europeans, and dreaded involving their own country
in calanities like those which had befaen their
neighbors So long as the foreigners kept away
voluntarily the restrictive system answered; but the
instant demands were made for admission, backed
BY naval force which could not be opposed, then
the necessity Of Cancellation became manifest. The
japanese are well aware that the Americans and
English are not Jesuits in Disguise and do not fear
from them renewal of the disorders which caused
the expulsion of the Portuguese. Whether they
will allow Protestant missionaries to teach there is
another question, and It would be mprudent TO urge
this upon them OF presents but that their hatred Of
Christianity, which was entirely political, will be
ultimately overcome by free intercourse with Euro
peans, is not to be doubted II seems to us evident
that had our government taken any steps to pro-
cure admission to Japan Immediately after the rati-
fcation Of the recent China treaties, they would
have met with reception similar to that of the
Americans, at least If backed by as strong force.
1t was long ago said that there is no ambassador
whose persuasive powers are equal to those Of a
line Of battle ship and of this the speedy settlement
with the Americans il proof.
1t is singular that the Japanese should deny
having made any treaty with the Russians. Can
the assertion have been mere piece Of Russian d.
plomacy, intended to cover future aggression? Not
unlikely. The European nations would have no
means Of ascertaining the falsehood Of the asser.
ton, and had the Russians, under the pretence Of
. cesson, invaded and taken possession of the Ja-
panese portion Of the Kurile Islands, the European
Powers would have had no right Of interference.
Had Russia remained on good terms with her neigh
bors this would probably have been her next step
in advance in Asia, Persia being reserved for q
more convenient opportunity. This scheme, or any
other which may have been plotted for acquiring a
mr. vvhn n fbn Ion So
now defeated. Diplomatic relations having been
opened with one maritime Power which will no
doubt soon be extended to two or three more, accu
rate information will be obtained of the proceedings
OF the Russians, and their aggressions instantly
stopped. The accumulation Of Russian ships in the
Chinese waters points to some such object for
they never can have been sent out in contempla
ton of a war with France and England, in which
they could only hope to avoid capture by instant
fight to the desolate ports Of Eastern Siberia. But
70 cover Decentralization on the southern Kurile
islands or any other part OF the Japanese territory
such squadron would be necessary and sufficient.
The Reciprocity Treaty in an English Point
of View.
From the London Mercantile Gazette, June IT,
The subject Of reciprocal trade between the Uni
ted States and the British North American provin-
ces has been LONG in agitation, but has only recent
~ arrived at maturity. The treaty negotiated how
British Minister, is said TO have proceeded SO far
satisfactorily that if the consen. Of the colonial Le-
gsla,ures be obtained it will be pu. n force very
shortly. In the meanwhile, knowing what are the
general opinions entertained across The Atlantic, it
may not be out OF place 70 give q resume Of the
principal points and facts under discussion.
In 1888, Mr.. Pitt, the Chancellor OF the Exche-
quer introduced bill for establishing reciprocal
trade intercourse between Great Britain and Ameri.
ca, which would have gone into operation but for
his resignation.
in the close Of 1890 the United States opened TO
our colonial ships all her ports OF entry and deli
very and as result Of this policy the value If her
exports increased threefold in ten years. 1t 1913
we Iecprorated the liberal policy of the american
government. In 1s4S a delegation sent to Canada
arranged the terms OF reciprocity, but Congress
failed to legislate on the subject The treaty re-
gently negotiated provides we believe, for the free
interchange Of the national products Of the Iespec
tive countries, and the free navigation, by the
Americans, Of the rivers st. Lawrence and ST. John
II, as we presume, Canada is to be allowed 20 cary
all her exports to foreign nations, in transitu
through the American railroads. rivers and canals
to be shipped from United States ports during the
long period when the ST. Lawrence is closed by ;ee
1t will greatly facilitate commerce. Such system
must also secure valuable trade 10 the Americans
greatly enlarge their business on their rivers, lakes
railroads and canals, and lead to extensive pur-
chases by Canada Of United States exports.
The shipping interests on each side of the Ameri-
can lakes should mutually enjoy the internal coast.
ing trade. The free right to participation in the
fisheries in British waters and permission to dress
cure and dry the fish on our coasts and shores, are
t. be conceded The Americans are willing to give
Up the duty on fish, ifadmited to participation 10
the privileges enjoyed by British subjects on the
fishing grounds. Hitherto they have been debarred
from approaching the shores within three miles, and
the Of this right by armed vessels has
led to much unpleasant feeling and TO confscation
and fines. 7.-... 1t'st 4. - .-.t 49,
The American fisheries have made but little
progress in spite Of bounties and every species Of
encouragement; they have labored under many
disadvantages in having TO salt their fish hastily
on board In bulk, and without any convenience
for drying and preparing them for market With the
advantage of being able TO prosecute the fishery in
owing to the superior quality Of their cure and the
large takes Of fish in the bays and indents OF the
coast, have hitherto been able to compete success
fully in the American markets, notwithstanding
the heavy foreign duty levied, and they must Ger
tainy stand in better position by The abolition o.
this impost Labrador, Prince Edwards Island,
New Brunswick and Nova Scotia, the district OF
Gasp6, and other parts OF Lower Canada in the
nnlnh would all Greatly benefit 81 the nrcdnca of