Cooper's Clarksburg register. [volume] (Clarksburg, Va. [W. Va.]) 1851-1861, 1854-04-12

war Peter invaded .Moldayia and was ,ac-
2 tually surrounded on the Purth. He was
in a most critical state, whento the inf
! mite modification of Charles the Divan
s Twas persuaded to conclude the, treaty Of
Pruth, July .24, I'LL. This treaty lst.
restored Azoph with its territories to the
Porte Cd, gave free return to Charles
XII. to his Kingdom. Charles succeeded
in breaking the peace, but on the media
ton of England, it was established anew
in 17l2-Peter promising to evacuate
Poland. Charles was removed. in 1713
by force from Bender to Domitiea.
FROM I'LL TO THE, PEACE OF BELGRADE,
i .-. 1893. av- 1-aa
The peace of Pruth was solicited by
Peter only to relieve himself from an
emergency, and was deemed disgraceful
by his court Russia made at this time
collosaI strides towards the Baltic. AS
soon as the Russian Court was enabled to
turn It's attention to the Turks. 1t resoly.
ed to carry into execution the project OF
Peter to acquire dominion on the Black
Sea, and to revenge the disgracetul peace
of Pruth 1t declared war against the
Turks at time when the Porte was at
war with Austria, and this was carried
on with barbarian ferocity on the DnelPer
and far beyond the Dnieper. In 1885
Azoph was conquered by the Russians
and the Crimea was entered, but 'he
Russians we're driven ont of it. In 1888,
possession was taken of MoldaVla. But
the Turks in this war encountered Aus
tria, the ally of Russia, with terrible sue
cess Eugene, the great Austrian general
died in l746, and imbecility marked the
course of his successors and the conse-
uuence was, that the victorious Turks
drove the Austrians in Servia, Bosnia
and Wallachia; and in 1899, with the
grand vizer at their head, they appeared
before Belgrade Then Austria, redu-
ced to its greatest straits. made an lgno-
minious peace, September is, 1888. Then
Russia, who had been successful under
her great commander, the Eugene of the
north, Munich, also concluded peace,
December %, 1899, by which, ! AzoPh,
with its fortiications erased, was retained
by Russia, and g, Russia extended her
boundaries in the Ukraine, and 3, all
'other conquests were restored to the
Porte. Russia had avenged the ignoml.
ny of the peace of Pruth, but had TO post
pone her purpose of acquiring dominion
on the Black Sea. The Turks came of
victorious as TO the results, but the COLO
sus Of the north felt its superiority, and
its success paved the way for the deci-
ded part it was to. play in the European
world.
FROM 1899 TO THE PEACE OF KIANARDGI IN
1875.
d Thirty years passed away without a
war between the two powers. The Turks
uni. + the dallying influence of Mahomme-
danism, was still declining; and for TWEEN
ty years the Russians made no progress
in power, for imbecility also marked It's
ulers. In 1859, however, Catharine..ll l.
ascended the throne of Russia. This
event constitutes an epoch i'll the affairs
of the European world. The policy oi
Peter the Great, that Of acquisition, is
seen in ali its complexity and intensity,
in the vigorous but unscrupulouS course
Of the Czarine and her diplomacy EN-
braced all Europe in its intrigue. Un.
happy Poland, then almost an anarchy
was selected as the chief theatre of Catha-
rine's action, for she judged this power to
present the fairest mark. She inter[ered
boldly in its internal affairs. Under pre-
tence of preserving its liberties. she occu'
MED it with her armies. and on the death
of Augustus Ill, 1853, uimed to give II
king. Its partition was at this period
determined upon. Now it had been an
old policy with the Divan to allow nc
Russian army in Poland. The Porte
, made formal demand that the Russians
should evacuate Poland. This Russia
refused to do, and the Sultan declared
war. The manifesto of the Porte, 1853
, which is before US. alleges as cause o.
s the war, the interference OF Russia IN 70
-. land; repeated violations OF treaty obhga
tions; building fortTesses on the TURKISH
frontiers -; and the massacre at Baita, by
the Russians "of upwards of thousand
!. persons, men, women and children.
On the side OF Russia, bold plans were
projected; such as to penetrate beyond the
Danube; to stir up the Greeks to rebel
lion to detatch Egypt from the Porte
to menace the capital through the Darda-
nelles. Russia then had the aid, on sea
and land, of British officers. The Turks
suffered terribly in this war. In 1853
in little more than fortnight, they LOST
% 900 of their best troops in rash at
tempt to cross the Niester; when the Rus
slams overrun Moldavia and Wallachia.-
Two wears later the cause of Turkey be,
came we'll nigh desperate. Her armies
were cut up horribly. AT length wher
disorder, mutiny, and dismay were seer
in all the Turkish armies, to such a de-
gree that they refused to march agains
their enemies, peace was concluded II
1744. --.a' .ar.ra.
! This was the peace of Kianardgi, made
at an era of huge national crime. Thi:
peace was dictated by Catharine. 1t J.
+ made Crimea and Cuban independent
under khan ; 9 restored to the Porte the
cononests made in M6ldavia and Walla.