The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1854-07-23


Providence which ought 20 be universal constitu.
ents OF American cbar acter ....... Everywhere
\ has laid broad aud deep and permanent the foun-
dstoo OF the wealth and strength OF che United
States and Of their Independence Of foreign naous.
More than anything else has this product made
other nations, even the most powerful, dependent
on NE United States OF America.
We recommend the fact referred 10 in the
hast sentence to the serious consideration Of
statesmen and politicians.
But the possession of the raw material has
done more than this. In addition to its "house-
hold" manufacture, America now possesses a
growing and prosperous manufacturing interest,
and, notwi Outstanding the boasted superiority of
Wis country, she has even become an extensive
exporter, From the census returns of l849- 80,
we find the following estimate Of its EXTENT
Number Of manufactures in the United States 1904
Amount Of capital invested. ......... 6l50l,03l
1a!ts Of cotton used .............-.....6 tl,I40
Value Of ra " material ............. 1874, $50, 1855
Number Of hanos employed (males, 49, i5s;
females, 69,l36) 1850, s2,2s6
females, 1903 Ala 81 357, l93
Value ofentire products. ........... S6l $3.50, lS4
The condition Of the hands employed in the
American factories is described as afording
striking contrast with that OF the operatives in
eur own manufacturing Districts The average
wages paid to the males, according to the above
return, Was q fraction under twenty dollars per
k0n under twelve dollars per month In both in
stances far above the average paid in Great Bril-
lain; and there il this important difference be-
tween the factory population of America and
eur own, that amongst the former 1t Is rare that
the employ ment is followed continuously and
In most cases the operatives ore OF q superior
elass-he tsons and daughters Of farmers or re-
specialize artzans, who enter the factories for
few years-seldom more than three or fonr; and
kau tod 70 hmm rad InIl
tire to marry and settle upon farm, or to
pursue some other avocation more congenial to
heir habits and more healthy than factory
labor. A rapid increase has Of late been going
on in the manufacture, and also in the export of
native cotton fabrics. In 1919 80, the extent
Of this export was returned in the census tables,
ct AGO, 900 dollars. In 1852, it was estimated
at 1872, l51 dollars. Withrespect to the actual
Increase in the manufacture, it ia estimated by
. gentleman holding high position in the Lee
gislative department of the federal government,
that in 1862 the capital embarked in the cotton
EpnHufaetories of the United States was at least
70 000, 900 dollars, that the value of the pro-
&nets was 100000 that 100000 male and
&hale laborers were employed, and that quite
30o, 600 bales of cotton, worth at least 81, 900
U00 dollars, were spun and woven. America
possesses also extensive woollen manufactures,
which employed, ct the date Of the last
census, 1922 hands, receiving wages to
the amount Of $500 $50; and iron manufacto-
ries, which employed, at the same period,
1884 persons, whose annual wages amounted
10 SIS, 100000.
An article like the present would neces-
sarily be incomplete without something more
than passing reference to that portion of the
country, California, which, during the last
few years, has had SO important an in
huence in promoting the prosperity of the en-
tire Union. Unfortunately, the means of Of
fOrding very accurate information are not with
IN reach. the returns Of population, &c., furnish
ed the United States government being inc0m-
plete. We are supplied with the following,
however, by the publisher Of . very elaborate
work just received-The American Statistical
Annual for the year 1854. The population
Of California, according to the returns made to
The federal census in 1850, was estimated at
III, 53S. The State census Of 1852 makes the
population 264, 435. But 1t has been estimated
tkat one-sixth ought to ae added to the latter
for the number Of persons who have omitted to
return themselves. This will give US the popu-
lation in 1852 as 30S, 507, which is an Increase
Of 10000 in the two years, or 95, 4S4 per an
mum. In this estimate, however, the important
county Of Eldorado is not included. Adding
the population omitted, it would appear that
the country now contains 2l0,S5S whites, Of
which loo, 344 are citizens over II years Of age;
1850 negroes; 572 mulattoes; domesticated In
dams, 1859; ard foreign residents, 59,99l.
OF the latter, about %, 200 are believed to he
Chinese. The cultivation of the SOIL which is
rich, is steadily increasing, garden cultivation
being specially attended to. The most inter-
esting object Of inquiry, however, is with
respect to the quantity of the precious
metals which the Californian mines have
yielded. We find that from 1913, when gold
was first discovered in that country, to 3Oth
July, 1853, the amount deposited at the Phila-
delpha mints was 172,034,2S6 dollars which,
with the deposits at the branches, makes total
of 1872, liz, 025 dollars. This amount was in
creased by further deposits at Philadelphia in
August September, ana October, which swelled
Ahe total, up to the 3lst October, 1858, to
203, 1886, OPS dollars. BY comparison OF the
exports and imports Of specie TO and from
foreign Countries from 1sI7 to October 3lst,
the net total exported is found to have been
IS, To-, 207 dollars; and, dednciing this amount
from the total receipts from California, VIC ar
rive at the astounding fact that the people Of
the United States possess an the present time
nearly hundred and thirty millions OF dollars
IN specie more than they did in 1916.
The progress of this great country has not
however, been altogether of material charac-
Ter and cannot be accurately estimated from
revenue or population returns, statistics of
shipping, Of agriculture, or Of manufactures
Literature, education. and the means of reli-
Eious, teaching, have advanced, step by step
with the progress made In commerce and in
national wealth. For the population of Anne
rica, about twenty-three millions in 1850. she
bad 1921 churches aud chapels, with accom-
notation for 1887 40 persons. This Is q
arge amount of accommodation to be possessed
y a new country, whose population has aug
oented so rapidly during the past twelve years,
nd il spread over so vast an area. OF these
hurches, the following are the most prominent
number and in the amount OF accommoda-
len which they afford -
Aore1d,s
Churches. utcom1s dation.
baptist, 8,7ol $3.50, 1913
Episcopal. ............... l422 C2j, 2l3
fethodist, ............... IL 1877 1909 1856