The daily union. [volume] (Washington [D.C.]) 1845-1857, 1854-01-26

they have left the resolution complimentary in its
present form than it before The original resolution
proposed The presentation OF swoTd-the reported
BY the committee proposes the presentation OF medal.
In liking the value OF compliment from the action OF
this House. we must refer 10 lis usages and the esna
ton in which il is regarded by naval Now. it so
happens that the presentation OF sword is not oil the
highest expressions OF appreciation from this House
officer OF the navy higher is The presentation Of
silver medal; higher one still, and which has only
been given TO naval officers engaged in successful combat
IN command OF vessel war, is the presentation OF
gold medal. Il was il this way Commodore TI1xion
honored in 1900 Captains Hull Decatur and Jones'
n 1918 and Captain Stewart in 1916 higher compi
ment than any have mentioned is vote OF thanks and
medal. Within the history oil our country this has only
been voted three memorable occasions first IN 1904
to Captain Preble; again. in 1913. 10 Captains Perry and
Elliott; and again, in 1914 TO Captain Marlborough,
Lake Champlan. In every instance the naval officers
commanded sqaadrons, and were successful in gallant
Sir the Committee on Foreign Affairs did not suppose
when they redeemed the original resolution from faint
same rank with Marlborough, with Perry, and with
Prebe, that they to be told that they weak
ing and making contemplate the expression OF Congress
Mr. PHILIPS, {from his seat) | had no reference
to the thanks 10 Captain lngraham personally
MIR. PERKINS The gentleman says he had no refer
that Well, then, will regard il in another
ght-wiih reference to the expression of principle as
Embodied in that resolution.
Now, sir, have the COMMITTEES by the change made in
the form Of the resolutions. weakened the enuncaton Of
any great principle Sir great French has
marked that in certain connexions mord are things The
committee. in regarding the facts, the conclusion
that this act Of Captain graham IN iif principle
plea principle OF international law--shoud have been
imbodied in these resolutions would ask him if the
principle imbOdied in the original resolution meets to-
day, az it did on Friday, his appreciation!
Sir what was the principle asserted in the rescue OF
Kosztas How could the committee best express that
principle was evidently not expressed in the resolu
Congress 10 Captain Ingtaham-for what. For assert
ing and protecting the rights Of American citizens. native
and adopted Now the committee concluded that Cap
tain lngrabam had done nothing OF the kind in the
cue OF Koszta He [Kosztal neither citizen native
or adopted. Therefore, the resolutions did not answer
the purpose Of the original mover. nor did they mbody
all the principles of the Secretary's letter. That letter
went further than tbahat letter stated three grounds,
each one of which, according the reasoninss OF the
act. What were those principles!
LIST. That Of humanity.
3D. That Of nationality arising from domiclation in
couatry, carrying with i the duty Of protection.
Sd. That of nationality resulting from the possession
OF tkah certificate of protection such it is
tomary Tor consuls in the East TO give to those recog
missed under the protection OF their respective
men,s Now, sir did the original resolutions asser, any
one OF these principles
The gentleman dsclams for them the 6rst-,hat of
humanity and as American citizenship, native adopt
ed, complete inchoate is Identical, always
existent in any way necessarily connected with the
spoken OF by the Secretary, the resolutions
certainly do not declare the other TWO Erounds
What, then, they based upon Upon no prlnci-
pie at all but simply upon the fact, and BY no means
material fact OF Martin Kosz,as wing declared in one
Of courts an intention to become citizen OF the Uni
ted States.
Now, sir the circumstance of such declaration OF in
tention to become citizen was not referred to by the
Secretary as prerequisite 10 nationality, but simply in
c violence OF Koszta's domic in this country and
careful the Secretary TO make this appear that he
expressly that had Kosz,as declaration been just
the everse-ha is had be to an intention never
10 become citizen OF the United Sates-s,ili, his
domic here was established beyond question: he was
entitled To our protection.
Then, sir, the original resolutions did not express
the great principles mbodied in the Of Captain Insra
ham, and argued in the letter OF the Secretary what
the committee 10 do' Why. certainly, that which they
proceeded TO do--to frame such resolutions they
thought would best express the national significance
tached 10 Captain lngrahams conduct.
They did not feel disposed, even II they approved
Test at for the appreciation OF Captain Ingrahams con-
duct. Some members OF this House, without being
able to concur in all three OF the grounds taken by
the Secretary OF State, nigh, yet find in of them
an ample vindcaon OF Captain lngraham's conduct
Others, like the gentleman from Alabama, might have
additional grounds Of justification for that conduct
Between the act OF Captain ingrahan and the letter of
MIR. Marcy there necessary connexion, and the
committees looking at the rescue OF koszla as great
ACT, responded by the national heart, did no, feel dis
posedmse'ns above party and sectional SECT a
bic body OF the wing party, unless you endorse such
and such reasonngs you shall De placed in the false Po-
stoR OF disappearing act which has met the approba-
ton OF the whole country"
But, sir. there another alteration. All resolutions
heretofore passed. complimentary Of naval officers have
been worded, for their good and gallant conduct" The
committee supposed that this House took higher ground
than that contained In any action merely complimentary
They therefore inserted the words 1udcious conduct
They wished TO ascrbe to Captain lngraham something
Of the judgment OF statesman They thought this act
united the moral courage and sagacy OF statesman
with the spirit OF soldier and hence they said for
yuprcous conduct the second day OF July last,
tending the protection of the American government 10
Martin koezta," NC.
think the gentleman himself on reflection will agree
with me, tina, th,s view Of the have weak
ened, but extended the principle imboded IN the resolu
lions ask the gentleman when he proposes TO approve the
conduct OF Captain ngraham specifically il he does not
limit the extent OF that APPRECIATION He reduces
question OF principle TO OF fact II il should happen
that he had acted exactly in accordance with the
sentemans statement, he Is tsen by implication, cen
sured.
But go further | take higher ground. | contend
that II the committee had simply in view the enunca-
ton OF great principle OF nationality, they could not
have adopted suitable lang than that they have
employed What was the issuei When Captain lngra-
ham first rescued Martin koszta the act met by the
protest OF the Russian government and by that OF Aus
doctrine OF nationality against any rgh, TO protect
own citizens, native adopted against any reasoning
the letter of Secretary Marcy, against any action Of this
government Not at all Ii simply against the act
OF Captain Ingraham. When Mr.. Hul.emann made bis
complaint to this government reference TO this matter
was directed against the action of this government
against the assertion Of any great principle, against any
Iuding his letter to some preliminary matters which he
did consider OF Importance he proceeds TO say that
the greatest cause OF complaint is the conduct OF the
American officers at Smyrna; and he concludes by as
sorting the expectation that this government will not hest
tate 10 Iebuke that conduct and give epara'on to Aus
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