The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1854-01-02

eoSA~3S
Sultan, aud acquired the power, without the name,
Of Emperor Of Egypt, astonishing the world by the
brilliancy Of his exploits, closed his extraordinary
career with his ragca death, in 1872. In Italy the
leading political events OF ty years have been at
tempts to form confederscy Of States against Aus
tra the defeat aud abdication Of the King Of Sar-
dina the Popes refusal to sanction the popular wish
for Italian nationality; the assassination of the Popes
Prime Minister, Rosi; the fight Of his Holiness to
Gaeta, in ls46, disguised Is servant; the proclaim
ton Of republic, in the Popes absence; the over
throw Of this republic, in lS49, BY the French army
under Oudnot; the new government by trium-
yirate of cardinals until the Popcs return 1850 after
his fifteen months absence from the Eternal City;
the reestablishment Of the incubation, and Of the
dominion of the Pontif and the consequent extirpa
ton of almost every vestgeo Of constitutional govern
ments in Italy
England preserves her constitution invielate, and
her government has continued to dispense its bless
| ings as heretofore.
The revolutions in. Vienna and Berlin, and the de-
termined ard sanguinary Hungarian struggle, are
yet fresh in the recollection Of every intelligent OBJ
ferver of political events. But for Russia, Hungary
would now be blessed with political freedom.
| Prussia, with many privileges above other Euro
\
ton granted by Frederick William the Fourth. But
the aspirations in Europe after constitutional tree
dom, in our acceptahon Of these words, have for
time been queDcbed and thefair promises of ls4s
have been grievously disappointed. 1t should be
borne in mind however, that great truths and noble
sentiments have been promulged far and wide, and
that the seed beautifully so.n may, to the joy of
| all freemen, one day yield plentiful harvest
i 0f Rnaaia in ralaf iou IN
the Turkish government are every day more and
more Increasing the apprehension Of general
troubous state Of things the continent Of Europe
and the eyes Of Europe and Of the world are nov d
rected toward the democratic emperor, to see the
| part which he is to act in the eventful drama.
| ASIA.
| In Northern Asia, the Russian autocrat has been
making new accessons to his monster domain, by
his war, in 1926, with Persia and with Khiva and
his ambition has led him 10 make depredations in
the Caucasus and in Bokhsra, and is now inducing
him to aim at crushing Turkey. But his schemes
are not uobserved by those who hold the balance Of
power.
In Southern Asia, the British empire in India has
been greatly extended, and now contains popula-
ton Of hundred millions. England, in ls4l, com.
PEELED China to open five other ports to British COM
wonderful political event has. since that time, &C.
CURED in the Celestial Empire. 1t is revolution,
having for its aim change Of dynasty the suppress
sion Of idolatry and the establishment Of Christian
faith and worship.
In Northern Africa many striking political
changes have occurred. Egypt has seen the iron |
rule Of lhe Msmelukes destroyed by the energy Of
Mehemet Ali Pasha, AID q new and greatly i'm |
proved order Of things established. The maraudins
depredations of the Barbsry Powers have been re-
pressed that the tribute too long enacted Of all
Christians is no more aiked. Algiers, since 1880,
has been colony Of France, and it promises, at no
distant day, TO contribute largely to supply cotton
for the French markets.
The Cape Of Good Hope, which, in 1906, was
taken by the English from its Dutch proprietors,
was confirmed to England, in 1914, by the Congress
OF Vienna; bot the bordering savage tribes have
long continued fercey 70 repe the advance Of civ
lixation.
Along the western coast Of Africa are aourishiug
colonies Of free negroes from the United Ststes and
the political and moral influence Of these colonies
there il good to believe, will so3n BE- els BY
races that occupy the interior ofthatyet unexporsd
vast terra incogn,fa.
New Holland, Van Dieman's Land, and New
Zealand. with other islands in the South Seas, colo
res Of Great Britain, have, chiefly during the last
fifty years, received large acoessions the number
Of their inhabitants by emigration from the mother
country, until they now have population Of
more than half million OF souls. Jays and Sumstra
ore Dutch possessions, and are more slowly ad.
vancing in Improvements than the islands possessed
and fostered by the AngloSaxon rac%, the world,
best colonzers.
Japan, there can scarcely be doubt. is destined
10 become point Of general attraction before the
year 1854 shall complete the circuit Of its months
POLITICAL LIBERTY.
Duriog the last fifty years political liberty has
made remarkable advances
In England the Roman Catholic relief bill, passed
in 1929, marked memorable epoch in the history
Of religious liberation. The repeal Of the tn and
corporation acts few years previous, prepared the
way for this oler.tion BILL and heralied Its advent
That repeal may be called the Lucfer of religious
liberty 10 England; and the relief bill the SUP with
healing in It's beams. Then again in 1882, was
passed the reform BILL still further avoring popular
representations and deeming that enough had not
yet been done, Lord John Russell as measure show,
has extended the franchise yet further, to bis own
credit as profound politician and statesman and
to the glory of the government he 50 ably conducts
and SO nobly represents, to tie admiration OF the
| freemen Of Europe and Of the world
In London, there have been several vigorous ef.
forts 10 simplify its present complicated legislative
machinery, consisting Of four coordinate branches
mobiles, burgesses clergy aud peasants voting sepa
| rately.
| Switzerland, which, iu 1900, comprehended 10
republics, now has ~. Belgium is an Independent
| constitutional monarchy
The four free cities OF Germany, the Ionan Isles,
San Marine in Italy, and Andorra in Spain, all are
repub les.
The galaxy OF republics in Central and South
America may all be considered as in the transition
state. The relations subsisting between San Saliva
dor, Nicaragua, and Honduras, produced the result