The Nevada journal., 1854-01-20
WHOLE NO. IT.

the great material interests of the country whether
regarded IN themselves or in connection with the
powers of the civilized world
The United States having continued GRADUALLY
and steadily to expand through acquisition of terri
tory, which, how muchsoever some of them may
nave been questioned arc universally seen and
admltted TO nave been wise in policy Just in chpr-
acter and great element in the adyancement of
our country, and with 1t OF the human race in free
dom, in prosperity, and in happiness Tie thirteen
S>tates have grown to be thirty one, with relations
reaching to Europe on the side and on the thcr
to distant realms of Asia. Pn
am deeply sensible ofth. immense rcsronsSi1ity
winch the present magnitude OF tile Republic and
the diversity and multiplicity of its interests de-
wolves upon me, the allevatiou of which, 50 far as
relates TO the Immediate conduct of tie public busi.
ness is first in my reliance on the wisdom and na-
trlotsm oil the two Houses of Congress, and second
y IN the directions afforded by the principles Of
public policy affirmed by athers Of the epoch of
lI9S sanctioned by long experience and consecrated
anew by the overwhelming voice of the people of
Recurring to these principles, which constitute
organic basis OF Union we perceive that vast as are
the fanetIons and the duties of the Federal Govern
ment vested in or entrusted to it's three great de-
i partments, the Legislative Executive and Judicial
yet the substantial power the popular force and the
large capacities for social and material Development
exist IN the respective States which ali being of
themS elves well constituted republics as they pre-
ceeded, so thsy alone capa be ofmantainnE and
perpetuating the American Union. The Federal
1 Government has its appropriated line of action in
the specific and limited powers conferred ON by the
constitution. Chiefly as % those things in which
the States have common interest in thef relations
to one another and to foreign governments while the
great mass of interests which belong to Guilty aed
men, the ordinary business OF life, the springs of
industry, all the diversified personal and domestic
affairs OF society rest securely upon the general
served powers of the people OF the several States
here Is the effective democracy of the nation and
there the vital essence OF its being and greatness
OF the practical consequences which How from the
nature OF the Federal Government, the primary one
is the duty Of administering with integrity and ide
lty the high trust repOsed i'll it by the ion
especially III the application Of the public funds as
drawn by taxation from the people, and sppr0pria-
| fed to 81 eciiic objects by Congress Happily |
have no occasion 10 suggest any radical chanees il,
the financial affairs of the Government Oars is
almost If not absolutely the solitary power Of chris
tendon having surplus revenue drawn Immediate
~ from ImpoSts on commerce, and therefore
ed by the spon enterprise and national pres
perty OF the country, with such indirect relation
agriculture, manufactures and the products Of the
earth anc sea as to violate constitutional doctrine
or these objects the first has been in the of
compllshmem Ia manner and TO degree highly salts
factory.
The amount ofhe public debt classes was on the ath
of March, 1S53 S69 l90O37 CO. payments account of
which have been made since that period the
Sl2 703329 90, leaving unpaid and in the continuous
course of liquidation, the sum OF S564S6703 90. The
payment alt6h made at the market price of respcc
tive classes of stock, have been effected readily and the
general advantage of The Treasury and have the
time proved of signal utility the they have incden-
tally afforded to The market and the industrial
and commercial pursuits of the country
The second of the above mentioned object, that of the
reduction Of the tariff is of great Importance and the plan
suggested by The Secretary OF the Treasury which is
reduce duties certain articles especial
y such as enter into manufactures, and not largely
at all produced in the country is commended 10 you.
candid and careful consideration.
You will find n the report of ire Secretary of the rea
sry ALSO abundant proof of the adequacy OF the present
fiscal system to meet all the requirements of the public
and that while properly administered, ii operates TO the
advantage the community in ordinary business relations
respectfully ask your attention TO sundry suggestions
of improvements in the settlement of accounts especially
as regards the large sums Of outstanding due
the Government and Of other reforms in the admnistra-
tive action of his department, which indicated by the
Secreary as also to the progress made in
OF Marine Hospitals, Custom Houses and AIintin
California, and Assay Office in the city of New Ye here
Qfore provided for by Congress- and the emnenlly
successfu progress of the coast survey and the Lighthouse
Board. ...
Among the objects meriting your attention will be
portant daons from the Secretaries of War and
of the Navy. fully satisfied that the Navy of tho
United States is not in condition of sengt and eicen-
cy commensurate with the magnitude of commercial
and other interests and commend to especial aen
on the Suggestions this subject nude by the Secretary
OF the Navy. respectfy submit that the Army which
under our system must always be regarded with the hg
est interest nucleus around which the volunteer forces
of the nation gather in the hour OF danger requires
mentaon modification TO adapt il to the present ex-
tended limits and frontier relations OF the country and the
condition of the Indian tribes III the interior of the
nent the necessity Of which will appear in the comnun-
Gallons fhe Secretaries OF War and the Interior t
In the administration of the Posl Once Department for
was 81 92 $50 co. and the gross receipts during the same
period $59i2734 90 showing that the current revenue
failed the eXpensas of The department by
the sum of S2G42,032 G0 @
The which under the present postal system
laws led inevitably to this resutare fully explained by M
report the Post Master General geareeause be,,c
the the department has been compelled
pay for mail services rendered By rail road companies
The exhibit in the report of the Post Master Cunpral of
the income ard expenditures by mail steamers will be
found peculiarly interesting and of charartc to dcsaar
the immediate action of Congress
Numerous and 1agran frauds upon the Pension Bureau
have been Broagh; to light within the last and in
some instances nicred palsi nent inflicted but unfor
tunateiy IN others guilty parties have escaped not through
the want of sufficient evidence to warrant conviction
but in consequence Of the provisions of limitation in the
From The iatnrc Of these claims the remocnos of the
tribunals to pass upon them and the mode in which the
proof IS OF necessity urnished-temptaoDs TO crime
have been greatly stimulated by the oLycus Of
detection The defects in the law upon this subject
so apparent ard so fatal 10 the ends lusce that your
early action relating 10 it is most desirable. -.
During the Ia. fsca year Si9 Il acres q he public
lars have beeu surveyed, and i0373eSl brought
into market Within the same period the saies by pub
c purchase and private entry apoVrtd 70 1883 4a5 acres
focated under other certificates 942T ceded the
sates swamp lands 243 acres selected rail-
road ami other Uhects under act OF Congess, Li5467
acres Total amount Of lands disposed of within The l cal
year. 25,336, ,992 which is increase in quantity
sold and located under land warrants and of @
Sic acres the fiscal year immediately preceding The
quantity of land sold during the second and third quarter
Of 1882 S636 The quantity sold the second and
third quarters of The 1e5s, 15O99l9 and the
The whole number of land issued under exist
ing laws prior tothe Both OF Sept last 2D2 which
of land required 10 satisfy these outstanding warrants Is
Ats 20 Warrants have been issued to Both Sept
last under the act of 1h cf February ls41 calling for "a
692o0 acres; under acts of September eth, 1890 and
March 22d 1882 callrng for IL sos 800 acres making
tai OF GAO Ii is believed that exerieRce has
verified Wisdom and justice of the present with
regard the public domain, i'll most essential partcuIar
Yon will perceive from the report of The Secretary of
the Interior that opinions which have often been express
ed in relation to the operation OF the land syste as not
being of revenue to the federal Treasury were
erroneous, The nett profits from the sale OF the public
lands June 30, 1853 amounted to the sum OF So3io9
recommend the extension of the land system over the
territory of Utah aud New Mexico with such notifications
as their peculiartes may require. -.
Regarding public domGin chiefly valuable to pro-
vide farms for the industrious and enerprising am
not prepared recommend any essential change IN Tho
land SYSTEM except bv modification in favor of The actual
settler extension of the pre-empon prnciple IN
certain cases. and on grounds which VIII DC
fully develoIcd In the reports TO be laid before you
Congress, representing the prolecrs Oh he erfoai
territory belonging 10 the United States, has for en2
min with he