davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The daily dispatch. [volume] (Richmond [Va.]) 1850-1884, 1854-05-18

pr .ru or rHr Porr MoETooxr.Y.-Jsmes
u.......,.~. i, rost bys.tbed b;. ,..t ON ,nnd.v
afternooon, April 30, at his residence, the Mount,
sheffield. aaed SO He presided 1T the weekly board
,.,e - r,,d.v ,.a v,.,tsa ho,,,.
o he ''"'ns :. .,-..''- -
more man m'e s''1I~.Io .-ssa We
Avrsiire. When only IL wears old. the bert Of the
Z. u. .. -. ,,.oa ,..,,.., - ,.-,...
boys mino was ~ '1e 80 -
The daily dispatch. [volume] (Richmond [Va.]) 1850-1884, 1854-05-18
PICHMOND SODA WATER AMID

RICHMOND SODA WATER AND
~ BOrTLlNG ESTABLISHMENT.-Iti is q set.
tied fact that the only genuine article of bottled So
DA WATER, in the city 10 put up by M. McCOR.
MACK, who atters himself that he 10 able to com.
pete with any mandatory either North or South
having been engaged In the business for seyeu years
past.
To avoid imposition be sure and call for M Nc.
CORMACK,S SODA WATER.
NJ BAH orders. either from city or country,
promptly attended to-
Soda WateI Porter and Ale delivered In all parts
of the city daily.
All persons having my bottles win please return
them immediately.
M. MCCORMACK,
apl5ta No. S08, Broad stleet.
The daily dispatch. [volume] (Richmond [Va.]) 1850-1884, 1854-05-18
By J. A. COWARDIN.

The DAILY DISPATCH 10 served TO Subscriber
at SIX AND A ouARrER CENTS PER WEEK. PAYABLE
to the Carrier weekly Price for mailing, Si year
In advance.
The WEEKLY DISPATCH IL issued every Fri
day and mailed TO sabscriben at ei per snnnm.
The daily dispatch. [volume] (Richmond [Va.]) 1850-1884, 1854-05-18

DESTITUTE CHILDREN.--There are said to D
10000 destitute children In the city Of New YORK
wretched girls and outcast boys, who live BY beg
gary and shame.
The daily dispatch. [volume] (Richmond [Va.]) 1850-1884, 1854-05-18

T. j. CARSON Il Co., Nos. 4I AND 43
LIGHT STREET, BALTIMORE. AND NO. IS
WATER STREET, NEW YORK--A good assort.
ment OF Bacon, Pork and Lard always on hand, and
for sale at lowest market prices ie I8-1v
The daily dispatch. [volume] (Richmond [Va.]) 1850-1884, 1854-05-18

ABEL u. MAYO, ATTORNEY AT Law AND
NOTARY PUBLIC.-Ofice on Franklin street, under
the Metropolitan Hall. Richmond Va mol
The daily dispatch. [volume] (Richmond [Va.]) 1850-1884, 1854-05-18

DISCRETION is THE BETTER PART OF
VALoR Therefore be discreet and don't be hum
bugged and deceived by moonshine advertisements.
Be wise and call on Mr.. +. z. MOULSON and have
your pictures taken, he insures and warrants
tire satisfaction sale TO all who may give him
their kind patronage.
have on hand, at present, q very handsome as.
sortment of Fancy Cases. Medalions Breast Pins and
Finger. Rings all of the finest quality which cannot
help pleasing the tastes of all my tasty friends and
customers. -s-se
Pictures from 81 10 $75.
F.E. MOULSON,
fo le Hall af Sciepca Main ~
The daily dispatch. [volume] (Richmond [Va.]) 1850-1884, 1854-05-18

BATHS! Baths! BATHS !.!-HOt, Cold
and Shower Baths can be had daily at the Hair Dres
sing, Shaving and Shampooning Saloon, under the
American Hotel-entrance on 1lth street.
Single Bath Is cents, or five tickets for 81.
my2
The daily dispatch. [volume] (Richmond [Va.]) 1850-1884, 1854-05-18

a. FOR RENT.-Two superior Coop
LID shops, convenient to the several -four mills
in this city. To good tenants will rent them at
moderate prices. Apply to
my div HAXALL l. CO.
The daily dispatch. [volume] (Richmond [Va.]) 1850-1884, 1854-05-18
CITY GAUGER'S OFFICE,

CITY GAUGERS OFFICE,
No. 40 Gary street, opposite Gas Works.
AS will be seen from the above, l haveta
ken an OFFICE opposite the Gas Works. Any OF
ders left at my office will be promptly attended
either by myself or Mr.. Fox.
ap "a Ink SAMPSON JONES.
The daily dispatch. [volume] (Richmond [Va.]) 1850-1884, 1854-05-18

GENERAL AGENCY, FOR THE SALE AND
PURCHASE OF LANDs-FRANK g. RUFFIN, Secre-
tQry Of the Virginia State dgreuffzraI Society, and
N. AUGUST offer their services to the public a.
GENERAL AGENTS for the sale and purchase OF
LANDS ia Virginia and the Southern and Western
States.
Offce-at the Office of the Tirginia State Agrieul.
tarat Society," No. lis Main street.
N. AUGUST, NOTARY PUBLIC AND AccouNrAA
Ofice-ss above. fe 8-ts
The daily dispatch. [volume] (Richmond [Va.]) 1850-1884, 1854-05-18
VALUABLE TRACT OF LAND IN
CuESTEREIEIn Ga MILES FROM RICH.

MOND FOR SALE.--We will sell valuable tract
OF Land in the county of Chesterfield, 6t miles from
Richmond. rear the old River Road and front "a
mile on the james River. contsining 76l acres OF
Land, about zee acres of which are cleared and In
cultivation, ond of which about 60 oacres are good low
grounds balance $500 aeres) in pine and oak growth.
Ii can conveniently be divided into two farms, has
springs in abundance of good water, and very heal
thy; has large beds Of granite quite convenient to the
river has ON it saw mill (water power,) about 100
yards from the river and all the buildings necessary
tor farm, except dwelling.
The soil is geod and easily improved, having good
clay foundation.
The terms one-third cash; balance at and 2
years for gotable notes. interest sdded secured by
trust deed.
mhT GoDDIN l. APPERsON.
The daily dispatch. [volume] (Richmond [Va.]) 1850-1884, 1854-05-18

1 OTIS FOR SALE-On Franklin, Grace
IL and Broad strsets just beyond the WI Westsrn line
Of the Corporation. Those on franklin and Grace
strests beautiful sites for Those
on Broad street ara bettor stusted for stores. Al
that part Of the suburbs Of Richmond 10 being rapid
y bniit up, this property must soon become very va.
lusble. Apply TO On. j. n. BRO0CKS,
At bis olKcs, Main st., between 7th and eth sts.
an z5--lms
The daily dispatch. [volume] (Richmond [Va.]) 1850-1884, 1854-05-18

It's CHARLES HI. LANGLEY

GAMUEL u. DENOON, Bell and Brass
- Founder, on Main, between 9th and 9Th streets,
Richmond, Va, continues to carry the above bu-
sness in all it's various branches.
BELLS for churches, ships railroads. taverns, and
Gil kinds of House Bells, made to order.
From the large number of Bells that have made
n the last 20 years. and their superior tone and qua
lity, can assure my friends that they equal
any made in this country. ! shall always keep on
hand Irregular supply of all kinds of BELLS, &c
EV~ All kinds of REPAIRING in the Brsss Foun-
dry Business promptly attended to- Bell, Brass, and
al the various kinds of Metallic Castings done at the
shortest notice and the lowest rates.
n B: The highest price paid for OLD COPPER
and BRASS. fe 25-Sm*
The daily dispatch. [volume] (Richmond [Va.]) 1850-1884, 1854-05-18

WILLIAM BOOTH, UPHOLSTER-
w Err AND fAPER-HANGER respectfully
informs the public that his Spring assortment Tof
Goods in his line is now complete consisting of gilt,
velvet, satin and commen PAPERS; BORDERS,
FIRE SCREENS and CURTAIN PAPERS; also,
large stock of Canton and cocoa mating OIL
CLOTHS, Window SHADES, CORNICES, Curtain
BANDS, &c, all of which he will sell at the lowest
prices at his Furnishing Ware Rooms No. 140 Main
street, corner of 18th. ap l5-ts
The daily dispatch. [volume] (Richmond [Va.]) 1850-1884, 1854-05-18

@ FOR RENT-One of the best and
IN most accessible OFFICES for man of busne ess
in the city. Apply to P. FL. AYLETT, at his law
Office, on Governor street. NH 6-ts
The daily dispatch. [volume] (Richmond [Va.]) 1850-1884, 1854-05-18
Z Correspondents OF the Dispatch. :,
THE EXCITEMENT ABOUT THE IToUOR
LICENSES In NDANVILLE-THE NEW CHAR.
TER AND THE ELECTIONS-THE CASE
- OF LYNN. g S1s5if-** - S'ssFsE7FEfs7s 2

TER AN THF '' III ErT1nNS NI Tur - CnnM raHr
,r or vUJ a 80 - ~
I a " ~ ..,e..s +. !.
~ e 'ie2 DANvILLE, May 18th, 1854.
y Thnxaitement occasioned here by the refusai Of
.h ,or :. n, e,r.,,, ,,..,,... /, -.
spH Iii continues, and u likely TO form IN i'm;
posing element in the town elections which are
soo,, - .o,,,o off hero c.ro, ov.,.,.;... !.
s ~ 80. =. =. s - sppe'.soA !. nl.es
was the result of foreQone determination. \ re-
solve n ;nnose unon the town the Maine I;oror
~ wv. ..'0 sHe As'quoi wy.
cants for licenses 1t is characterized a. Yankeeisn
IN ths otbsr hand ths act q aa,ara.d ~ ~
on 'he o'hei manu-, 'no sc' doendeu On inc
ground that the suppression OF the retail liquor
trade will promote the public peace order and
..e... - I, go, ass... ...,,o,,. .........,,..
s'oy, -A1 - $50
The daily dispatch. [volume] (Richmond [Va.]) 1850-1884, 1854-05-18
PROCEEDINGS OF THE GENERAL CONFER.
ENCE OF THE NJ. E. CHURCH SOUTH.

EMIL Vt 1dE NJ. Il. CbUhCH SOUIH
fReported for the Montgomery Advertiser
The ninth day of the session of the M. E. Church
South, at Columbus, Ga, spent in debating the
question of the establishment of new publishing
house in the South. The following resolution Of
fered by DR.. "A. Smith, was adopted unanimous
ly:
Resoloed That the Committee on Books and Pc
riodicals be and they are hereby instructed to re-
port judicious system for the early commence
Book Concern proper of the Methodist Episcopal
Church South
l. The Book Concern shall consist of publish.
ing house at
2. Of manufacturing establishments of Books in
connection with said house.
3. OF an agent or agents to whom shall be COM
mitted under the advice and APPRECIATION of q Book
committee appointed by the General Conference,
the control of the funds Of the church, known az
the Book fund.- and the conduct of the business for
the next four years.
4. The agent or agents shall be required by law
to provide. by and with the advice and appreciation
OF said committee, in buildings and other fixtures
and materials, for publishing and manufacturing
all the books, &c. necessary to meet the demands
OF the Southern people on strictly business prnci-
pies, that IL,
publication can be published cheaply in the city
OF their location, as elsewhere the agents shall
manufacture at their own establishment.
I'd. Such books, as from the accidents OF their
publication, can be published cheaper at some other
mandatory OF the country. shall be published BY
contract at such manufactory.
The tenth day, May IL, was chiefly occupied In
the presentation of petitions and resolutions which
were referred to appropriate committees
The daily dispatch. [volume] (Richmond [Va.]) 1850-1884, 1854-05-18

HoMIcIDE.-Newton Pankey, citizen Of Rich.
mond county, North Carolina, was killed recently
near Coyinston, by man named Wright, who was
subsequently arrested
The daily dispatch. [volume] (Richmond [Va.]) 1850-1884, 1854-05-18

EOR RENT.-The second and third
l. floors of the large and convenient store occupied
by the subscribers being fitted up with sh helves and
they are well calculated for wholesale business.
R. L. HICKSON l. CO.
ap5 H. Main sire ct
The daily dispatch. [volume] (Richmond [Va.]) 1850-1884, 1854-05-18

Wishing to close my present business as speedily
as possible desire all that indebted TO me to cali
aud settle their respective and all to whom
I au indebted TO present their for payment
nv SIN B, w D.
The daily dispatch. [volume] (Richmond [Va.]) 1850-1884, 1854-05-18
GAS FITTING. STEAM PIPING

~ ROOFING, &e-Having just received from the
EoIth large stock of Materials, am now prepared
to put up GAS FIXTURES, STEAM PIPES for
warming houses and to cover buildings with Tin or
any kind of metal in the best manner, at reasonable
prices, and with despatch.
! have now secured the services of number of ex-
cellen workmen in the various branches of my bus-
nesa and therefore solicit orders from all who have
work to execute. Persons having work in my line.
will find to their advantage to give me cali my
the East side of 18th street, between Main
aud Cary.
fe Its CHARLES HI. LANGLEY.
The daily dispatch. [volume] (Richmond [Va.]) 1850-1884, 1854-05-18

NOTICE.-I wish to inform the citizens
IN of Richmond ana the Railroad Companies in
general, that | prepared to furnish them with
AWNINGS, TENTS, MARQUES, TARPAULINS,
BAGS, BOSE, AND WHEEL ROPE SPLICING.
w. C. DREW
P S.-Al orders to be left at Samuel Hastings or
Thos. Renovan's on l4th or Pearl street, Richmond
NH Il 2nt w. c. DREW
The daily dispatch. [volume] (Richmond [Va.]) 1850-1884, 1854-05-18

ARHxsr.-A street preacher, named Samuel
Moses, secretary and accordion player to the Al
gel Gabriel, was arrested, with gang Of disorde,
lies. on Sunday last in the Park. at New York, 10
violating the peace of the Sabbath
The daily dispatch. [volume] (Richmond [Va.]) 1850-1884, 1854-05-18

ERATES AND FENDERS.-Five hun
" dred Enameled CRATES and TENDERS for
sale at reduced prices.-The subscriber has for sale
the largest stock of CRATES and TENDERS ever
before offered for sale in this city, of HIS
iaeture. The Crates embrace all the various kinds
and patterns, such az square topped Gothic Liptic
Circle, &c, with beautiful rounding Tenders, Sum
mer Pieces &c. to match.
Orders for Crates, Fenders &c, from town and
country, punctualy attended to and carefully packed
Merchants purchasing to sell again will be supplied
at the lowest northern prices, with the usual dis
couuts of, cash by wholesale.
Apply at my Bell and Brass Foundry on Main, be.
tween 9th and 9Th Sta, Richmond, Va.
fs p Smr SAMUEL ID. DENOON.
The daily dispatch. [volume] (Richmond [Va.]) 1850-1884, 1854-05-18

a. DESIRABLE RESIDENCE ON
LII EIGHTH STREET, FOR RENT.-For rent
dwelling on 9th street. near the residence of nj.
choas Mills, and recently occupied by D. Anderson,
Jr. Its accommodations are ample, with every con-
venience attached. Apply to
ap Ia TAYLOR WILLIAMS
The daily dispatch. [volume] (Richmond [Va.]) 1850-1884, 1854-05-18

Having disposed of my stock (for the purpose of
changing NV husness) to Memrs Dabney l. Cooke 1
return my sincere thanks my friends and the pub
lie generally for the patronage liberaly bestowed
their notice. BUSHROD w DABNEY
The daily dispatch. [volume] (Richmond [Va.]) 1850-1884, 1854-05-18

We, the undersign were present and witnessed
the opening of the safe above alluded to- and hereby
certify that the statements by Messrs Morrison &
Marable are true in every particular.
Smith L Dunn, VIM. Morgan, McIlwsine. Son Il
Co, Davenport x Stratton, Paul Hinton, Brokers ;
Gaines Il Riches, Jas B. Taaferro.
Petersburg, March Is, 1854
By schrs. Palestine and Oranna the subscriber has
received large addition to his stock of Safes, and
will be receiving more by almost every packet.
Second hand Safes which have been taken in ex-
change for Herrng's, for sale at low prices.
Gail at 1856 Cary street, sign of the " Red Safe"
r. MCCANDLISH, JR..
ap IL Is Agent for the State
The daily dispatch. [volume] (Richmond [Va.]) 1850-1884, 1854-05-18
To THE CITIZENS AND STRAIN

STORAGE.-Having the large and COM
~ modious WAREHOUSE on the Soutb side Of
the Basin, next to nj Messrs Ludam Watsons am
prepared to take in STORAGE, on reasonable terms
nave on hand la ge supply of fine CHEWING
TOBACCO, of my own manufacture for sale
ap6-2tlJan'y WIN IT BLAIR
The daily dispatch. [volume] (Richmond [Va.]) 1850-1884, 1854-05-18
NHE GERMAN LANGUAGE-DRI

fNHE GERMAN LANGUAGE.-DR
ID. BENDAN, Graduate of the Berlin University
and native of Germany, offers his services to teach
the German Language to class of pupils in this CITY,
He is honnfed by letters Of recommendations from
pon Humboldt, of Prussia, George Ticknor, Esq !,
OF Boston, Charles Anthem of New York. and other
eminent gentlemen in Europe and this country.
HI proposes, later in the season, to open School
for the thorough education Of young gentlemen pre-
paratOry their entering the Uniyersty of Virgina
Or any ether Collegiate Institution in this country,
or 10 their engaging at in the active business OF
life.
REFEREscES-Professors Gesmer Harrison and
scLele de We're, University OF Virginia, and Mr.. @.
A. Myers, Of Richmond.
Apply through the Post Office, or to Mr. o. A.
6ThECkER my IS Inn
The daily dispatch. [volume] (Richmond [Va.]) 1850-1884, 1854-05-18
L.-DR. A. c. HARDIN,

NOV A L.-DR. A. G.. HARDIN,
~ Graduate of the Physio Medical College and
inhrmary of Ohio still continues to tender his SER
wees to the citizens of Richmond and vicinity in all
the departments of his profession, hoping by strict
attention to his profession merit a the patronage
he NAV receive.
DR.. H. may be found at the corner of Broad and
lth streets all hours, night and day, when pro.
fessonay engaged. Secret forms of disease treated
with great success
Es- Extracting Teeth only 25 cents.
NH l4-3in
The daily dispatch. [volume] (Richmond [Va.]) 1850-1884, 1854-05-18

COFT COKE. SOFT COKE IA sup
~ ply Of SOFT COKE on hand. suitable for CRATES,
stoves and cooking ranges Send Ia yeur ORDERS cor
JOHN j. WERTH, Agent
For Jas Duniop.
Wan. G. BRAsEAL. Salesman. my 3-2awaw.
The daily dispatch. [volume] (Richmond [Va.]) 1850-1884, 1854-05-18
}. A. E. DaBNEy. ISAAC ~ cocKe

NsOSSESSOdS III Is. w. BAHNEX,1
Corner Broad and 7th street, opposite the Theatre
WE have this day formed CoPartner-
w ship under the irm of DABNEY L. COOKE,
fer the tnnsaction of q GROCERY AND COMMlS-
SION BUSINESS in this city.
we have in store, and will keep constantly an 80
sorsmeat OF FAMILY GROCERIES, with which we
shali be pleased to serve friends and the public
RO. A, T.. DABNEY,
ISAAC N. COOKE.
The daily dispatch. [volume] (Richmond [Va.]) 1850-1884, 1854-05-18
NREAT FIRE IN PETERSBURG

GREAT FIRE IN PETERSBURG,
" VA.-HERRING'S SAFE AGAIN TRIUM-
PHANT-In the fire which destroyed our store and
entire stock of goods the night of the Sd Februa-
~ last, was one of SILAS C. HERRING'S SALA-
MANDER SAFES with Halls Burglar Proof Lock,
oontsining our books, papers, and a considerable
amount in bank notes and checks. Owing to the in
heat to which the Safe was exposed the brass
knob which unlocks the door melted of, and it
could not be opened with the key, and had there
TO be forced open, which operation effected with
considerable difficulty from the great strength with
which the safe was made.
On obtaining entrance to the safe the entire
tents Bere found secure and uninjured by fire.
MORRISON A. MARaRIE
The daily dispatch. [volume] (Richmond [Va.]) 1850-1884, 1854-05-18

RASKETS.-A fresh supply of fancy and
- compstD Bask cts. together with large assort.
meat OF brass aud iron-bound Woodwsre Conbs
Brushes sud Fancy 0oods Of every description.
THOe l.. AhG6S
myb HW. Main 1t,
The daily dispatch. [volume] (Richmond [Va.]) 1850-1884, 1854-05-18

. FOR RENT-That desirable resi-.
Lii dence situated on Main street. one door below
2nd street. containing ten rooms, with gas through
out, and water on the premises. Possession given
Immediately: Apply one door below. mYSts
The daily dispatch. [volume] (Richmond [Va.]) 1850-1884, 1854-05-18

O. STORE AND BUILDING LOTS
LII FOR RENT-The Store and House at the
corner of Sd and Broad streets, occupied by Mr.
George. handsomely fitted up for any business with
large double windows.
ALSO, ON LEASE,
Some Building Lots, in rear of said Store. Apply
to Z. S. HICKSON,
ap29 2l8 Broad st.
The daily dispatch. [volume] (Richmond [Va.]) 1850-1884, 1854-05-18
T VIRGINIA WORM KILLER-CHIL-

" IRGINIA WORM KILLER-CHIL-
DREN CRY FOR IT.-Ths preparation has
now stood the test of year, and Its popularity is
daily inereasina as its merits become more known.
II is confidently recommended the safest best and
most pleasant remedy for expellng worms in use
Its great merits have gained for 1t the recommends
tions Of physicians, Mothers and others, who have
tIied II successfully, when all the ordinary
tinR preparations have failed.
Prepared only by Z. ]. PIcOT 4 co.
Also, tor sale by WIN. p. LADD,
my IL Broad street
The daily dispatch. [volume] (Richmond [Va.]) 1850-1884, 1854-05-18

Ess FOR RENT.-The Dwelling over
LII my store, corner of Main and Governor Streets
containing ten rooms-three large rooms fronting
Main street, very desirable for business purposes
Possession given the 10th of May
INV s E 3 SPENCE
The daily dispatch. [volume] (Richmond [Va.]) 1850-1884, 1854-05-18

II REMOvAL.-PETERS, MARTIN g.
co, CehMIssIos AND FORWARDING MEH-
CHANTS, have removed to the large and commodious
brick house recently occupied by Messrs Deane 4
Brown, on the Basin. corner 18th and Cary streets
hIe5mohd, Va NH 10 fs
Richmond daily Whig. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1842-1861, 1854-11-27
srw yosx apvnrlsEurr

ssos ~ o. sposALDS io9,
ExCE1StoA skWiN0 NAC1iiNtsL-Asds By HOOD, IAr-
rkLLk CO. worcestsr Asss patented b. kiAs Hove,
Jr september ioth i6. fhsss Machines Warranted
proper ase) aot Of repair They built
Anta and vortmanlks and viii do faiors Shoenak
and s.ddis work. 10 manner uaantsd TO give sat,fs
aeon Ihs snseh vi not rip more than sssinE
street Phlladelphis, up stAira
,. mys-diy-lsl VA. DAWSON, Agent
FOX q POLEMUS. . -
a uAOAD sIhkET, corner Of Beaver, Now York,
e. u jor sale the fo,ov Ing heavy Cotton Yabrlcs:
Now England Cation Sail hue k-Saiboh, all nos,
tnr~d a. this estab.hmvn eomLng variety known
he trade. and offered Al the lowest rates. =
United states Pilot Dnck-Woodeerry and Movnt
Vernon Extra full assortms of this superior fabric
Wfhimauttc Cotton Duck-N. IL, 20 and 72ineh, all
nubers hard and soft This fabric
snip md Hear Mark DHck-Piain md tulied, M n.
ufaetured by the Greenwoo
sals tents. a~ninss also Tucd Raven,
Howard Ravens Pioneer and Phsnix hs Light
plain 70 10 ~ Inch Heayy do do.
Cotton sail TyHfnc-A full assortment.
Paper fcltinK3o TO 73 inoS very
for drief feiis.
Car Covcring-Cotton Canvas, widths from 80 70 lsO
Inches and ali numbers made expres covering
railroad perfectly and proof
enduring than the Gag itse. ~
Ennmciling Cnnynss-s8, as, 90, and 90 Iueh plain
and tvted. In every variety.
kaEs md Hagging-of every description. Seamless
hax woven whole bales VI lou,
bpar strength utility and e.apncss for and meal
aurpAsed.
Also heavy s.ckng Inch Canvass Warp and
Filins, heavy tsilled do do. 70, a. ~ and 4tneh.
Wool Sacks-woven whole all Sizes and desirable
article felS-d1