The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1854-07-30

and Mssl.ippi. TIE emigrstisa etou South
Caroline alone q nearly IS per cent Of the white
population remsining within her Dor terA
4. The American born population Of Texas comes
principally from the slave States. that Of California
from the free States, and that Of the Territories
more from the free than from the slave.
s. 1t appears from a study OF the course Of both
country above described. New Epgian loses nearly
four hundred thousand Of native popul stion; bat
the foreign elements reduce the actual to ninety
two thousand. The Middle States lose six hundred
thousand of native population, but have 90 large
foreign addition. that the balance sheet shows
gain Of Deafly four hundred an f"urteeu thousan i.
The central slave States lose six hundred thousand
natives; the foreign emigration redu es their actual
loss TO four hundred Thousand. Tue planting States
and Texas gain three hundred thousand Of which
nearly two huudred Thousand are native. The
Northwest gains one million nine hundred thousand,
OF which ope million three hundred and thi,ty
thousand are native.
II il apparent that the political influence of the
emiolnDt ia greatly exaggerated II three or four
hundred thousand un educated peasants, Unused to
govern their own affairs, and much less acquainted
with affairs of State, wee annually transferred to
tie United States, placed 10 communities by them
selves apart from the influence Of more intelligent
minos left without Schools cultivation, or ca,it IL
70 raise themselves best they could, and admitted
nevertheless TO the dguty OF citizenship, and
10 share in administration, 1t would be ir-
TulluDhl u 10 lth tnc ItsttLl. but we
see a process quite the reverse going on.
These ignorant beings - ignorant, indeed some
OF them are and thickheaded and obstinate--are
taken by the band arrival and sent, not Into the
forest but into more ttickiy populated county
thai the they left With towns as large as auy in
Europe except the two capitals, With scaoos better
than any Of the grade here, maintained at the
public tx ense, with work enough for everybody,
sklful sDd unskilfnl, and with better educated per.
s0ps tbtn themselves 10 toll them what TO DO. rhey
Ia hor rnpgtantx with Americans their rhildrau cit
daily side By side with American iltrep, reaiing
from the sane books. playing the same games, I'd
learning to Ii ink the same Thoughts Mr.. Ire
mepbeere in his excellent work com ulaios that all
history in the public schools is ignored ex ,ept
that of the republic, and gives us q list of
tgenty-one questions PREPARED for the eX
animation Of Candidates for admission to the
high school Of Lowell, all Of which refer oaly
We are not sure that the honest clergymen of the
land of the Puritans have not been found guilty Of
profound policy in this. TIE child Of the English
or Scotch machinist In Massachusetts,, of the Ger
man or Irish Isborrr, of the French or Italian art-
san, in New York or Philadelphia. learns the Ian
guaee and the institutions, the history which tells
him the greatness OF his new coustry aud, 70 get
ting that be ever had another, he feels with pride
that even Lord Pamerston might envy, ciris Ro-
nonus sum. IL the first generation is never quite
deDstionalsed, the second is transformed by this
process into very good Yankees. The fathers, too,
soon get little property or there is plenty of la
Dor and little raupersm), and thenceforth are iden
titled with the stability Of their new country aud
by the time they become citizens, they have some
just sense of the dignity they acquire, and of the
responsibility it entails.
The same fact removes all apprehension of a dis.
prop0rtionate increase OF Papal power in America
The Roman Catholic population being so completely
identified with the older States, and impregnatcd
with the spirit their institutions any pernicious in
fuence from that quarter will be impossible. We hear
often of the power ofJesuitsm in America and Of the
80 .J.nl.> t. -
sppi but the facts in the census indicate no such
thing. There are in the Union 36,0ll chur hes of
all denominations, afiording accommodation for
- sf9.s9 persons, of which only liz are Roman
lake country and valley Of the Mississippi, out Of
1861 churches, accommoc atng 1891 002 persons,
only SOL are Roman Catholic, accommodating
276,29l. We are assured by those best able to
Of the Romish Church, its conservative influence
over the emgrants within its pale is regarded with
favor. The Americans have sufficient protection
against the inroads Of any sacerc ota despotism in
of free inquiry which they have inherited from this
country, and, above all, in their free schools, at
which four millions are cducated-one-ffth Of the
free population.
The schools Of the States have been made patent
to English eyes during the contest concerning the
various educational systems proposed for adoption
here, and they certainly seem to answer the
demands of state Of society bearing little resem
blance to this. Indeed, in all the comparisons be-
tween the two countries the fact OF the great So
cial difference is lost sight Of. The similarity OF
political institutions, from the municipal parishes
to the national legislaturesthe com nunity of Ian
guage, literature, and of ancestry, so far as the
Anne rican5 get tombstone and parisi, register
acquaintance with their ancestors In England-the
common eleTenfs Of wealth---the resemblance, and
in the main idenity Of pursuits are pictured glow
ingly by after dinner orators, when the wine hes
mel!owed the heart. Long may both nations re.
man harf hrc md frr fofa nj fba
day be when the difficulties arise which philosophy
teaches they engender But there is another side
Of the picture, less dwet upon, and equally tue
the vast social gap between an old country with o
cultivated artificial society, founded g,eat landed
possessions, and new country with no aristocracy,
unless we give that name to the feeble remnant Of
colonial families overshadowed by recent wealth,
or to the expiring gentilty Of the Southern Chi
yalry." The British merchant labors, acc1mu.
lates, buys land, is made peer in the second
generation, and is identified thenceforth less
with the town than with the country. The
American merchant accumulates, invests in stocks
and city lots, perhaps becomes member of Con-
gress, dies and leaves his property to his children
in even portions. In generation or two it is scat
tered, and bis poor descendants begin to climb the
ladder anew. The inhabitants OF no neat rural vii
lage point with pride to his wel-stocked parks and
wooded drives. He may have cottage on Staten
Island, the banks Of the Hudson, the Delaware, or
the Schuylkill, or he may amuse himself with dict
tante farming in Dorchester. But the non-producing
landed proprietor, identified for generations with
the soil, is unknown in America. The people,
owning each his little farm, his house and garden
take the management Of their own Affairs into their
own hands.
The public schools are the legitimate offspring OF
the social status, and return to it no small share of
the stability which 1t enjoys. They were established
in New England, at the settlement Of the country,
for the education Of the children and the conversion
of the Indians About the time that the wearers Of
black doublets and steeplecrowned hats, who fed
from oppression here to establish Calyinistc des
potism, whose influence still draws down the chins
of their decentralization the time that they re-
enacted the Mosaic code, penalties and all with mar.
gna references 10 chapter and verse; they partioued
thepubc lands into parishes, on the English system,
and assigned part to The commonage, part TO the
church, and part to the schools. In process of
time the common land has generally ceased to be
pasturage, aud IL in many places planted with
tees, and made into public walks: the church
feles have disappeared with he State orgauiza.
ton; and the portion assigned to the schools has
been absorbed in tho settlement OF the country,
and exc hanged for the riuht Of General Taxation