Litchfield enquirer., 1854-02-23

UOuAtS Ot umeS CuSUOuato Ot mhBucoldS oxide of iron, silica, alumina, caTbonic acid gas, and atmospheric air. Many of the springs in this vicinity contain iodine, combined with potash and soda, and one of them at least, has brought up suffi- cient solid matter to form dome shaped rock at it's summit.
 The Geysers of Iceland carry and de> posit vast quantities of silex by which plants are covered with, imbedded in stone, extensive rocks formed, and tripol, compound of clay and silica. made in great abundance.
 The thermal waters of Jochia contain large proportion of silica, and the Dan- ube has petrified portions of the bridges which cross it.
 Iron is found in almost every spring, in greater or less abunda nee, aud in some cases such waters deeply stain the rocks over which they pass.
 Many springs yield large quantities of muriate of soda, sometimes one-four,h their weight. The brine spring of North- wich and Baston rise through extensive beds of rock salt, which have been before transported by water. A hot spring of Auvergne contains much magnesia and soda in solution. Springs containing carbon are generally found in the region of volcanoes. and are undoubtedly cons nected with the subterranean fires.
 9 The agency of ice in the tran. porta. ton of rocks and earth is in some cases connected with the mechanic agency of water. and always wilh the agency of tide. currents and waves.
 Glaciers have been spoken of under the head of soils, but let us still farther trace their effects. The mean depth of those descending Mt. Blanc. is from so to 100 feet. and they often leave gorges in the mountains from 500 to 600 feet deep. The entire mass which the water and ice together bring down, is called the moraine. A stream of water always precedes glacier. bringing down in ad- vance much of the finer matter.
 Icebergs are formed in some cases by glaciers descending into the sea. and are d'ifted by currents often thousands of miles. When they melt. the moraine, witch often exceeds Hundred Mousand tons weight will be precipitated and scat. .e,ed far and wide over the bottom of the ocean.
 In the Gulf of Bothnia, and in other waters which freeze to the depth of sev> eral feet. immense rocks are often enclo> sed, and when the water rises, torn up, and carried away by the currents.
 Large stones are often moved by ice, in the Baltic, while others are foated into it by the rivers which empty there. Sim liar operations are going on in other wat. CTS. A block Of granite containing 1900 cubic feet of stone was once carried by wafer and ice down the river St. Law renee. In lake in the eastern part of Connecticut, several rocks, one weighing hundreds of tons, are yearly moved by the ice, while in perhaps all the other waters that freeze. stones of all sizes are transported by ice from place to place.
 When we consider the extent of coun> try in which ice is formed. we may form some idea of the extent of this form of water as carrier.
 t Tides, currents and waves are con- tinuslly at work in carrying materials of various kinds. Many of the principal oceanic currents have been ascertained, hence we can tell from where materials have, been brought, and where they have been deposited. The tive polar currents carry the northern and southern iceberes with il,eir burdens 10 the equator. while an outward current from ihe Medi.erra- mean carries with it the organic and in- organic products cf i.s shores. From the Bay of Beum a current varying from 160 to l4O miles in width. runs about A,OoO miles. 1t passes by the mouths of the Amazon and OronoeO, carry ing the sub stances which are here thrown into it into the Carribean Sea.
 In short, every curreut carries portions of whatever it reaches to greater or less distances in the ocean. Sand banks and various sub marine accumulations have been found in the ocean. These togeth> CT with the innumerable banks in streams and rivers are oil formed by the action of water.
 An enormous hank extends from the Firth of Forth in . north essterly direc- ton. 100 miles. The Dagger bank ex tends over $40 miles from north to south Bat let us notice the effect of sea water in wearing and carrying away coasts and cliffs. The larger part of the materials of course which are removed are carried by sue water 10 grealer or less distances and deposited in banks. or in other new formations.
 (A) The Shailand Islands are compo sed of a variety of yocks which are rap. idly deco0sposing and carried away by the wayes. Sseep cliffs are -hollowed out into deep caves and lofty arches: and sImost every lpromontory erds in cIus- a~ SR ennka srns asmAe t1.n fn~mas nf N0I.