, 1854-02-18
EMPIA WASHINGTON TERRITORY SATURDAY, FEBRUARY is 1854

n new branch OF commerce, impOrtan
TO the agricultural interests of the Unitet
States, has, within a few years past beei
opened with Peru Notwithstanding til,
incXhaustiblc deposits Of guono upon til,
Islands of that country, considerable dini
cultics are experienced in obtaining the re
quisite supply. Measures have been takcI
to remove these difficulties, and to secure
more ABUNDANT supply of the article. Tn
fortunately, there has been a serious coils
ion between our citizens who have resortcC
to the Chincha islands for it, and the Peru
vian authorities stationed there. Rcdres.
for the outrage committed by the latter
was promptly demanded by our minister al
Lima. This subject is now under conside
ration, and there is reason TO believe thai
Peru is disposed to offer adequate ndem
nifty to the aggricved parties.
We are thus not only at peace with al
foreign countries, but, in regard to political
affairs, are exempt from any cause of seri
Gus diSquietude in our domestic relations.
The controversies, which have agitated
the country Heretofore, ore passing away
with the causes which produced them and
the passions which they had awakened; or
if any trace Of them remains, it may be rca.
sonably hoped that it will only be perceived
in the Jealous rivalry of all good citizens ia
Justify their respect for the rights of the
States, its institutions, its welfare and It's
domestic peace shall be held alike secure
under the sacred Ggis of the constitution.
This new league Of Gmity and of mutual
confidence and support, into which the pee
pie Of the republic haze entered happily
affords induccmcnt and opportunity for the
attention of more comprehensive and ml-
embarrassed line of policp and action, as to
che great material interests of the country,
whether regarded in themselves or in con
neXion with the powers OF the civilized
world
The United States have continued grad
ually and steadily to expand, through ac-
QUESTION of territory, which, how much so
ever some of them may have been question
ed, are now universally seen and admitted
to have been wise in policy, just in eharac-
ter, and great element in the advance
mcnt of our country, and, with it, Of the
human race, in freedom, in prosperity, and
in happiness The thirteen States have
grown TO be thirty-one, with relations
reaching TO Europe on the one side and on
the other to the distant realms Of Asia
l um deeply sensible of the immense
responsibility which the present magnitude
of the republic, and the delivery and null
tiplicity Of its interests, devolves upon me;
the alienation of which, so far as relates
to the immediate conduct of the public bu-
siness is, first, in my reliance on the wis
dom and patriotism of the two Houses of
Congress; and secondly, in the directions
afforded me by the principles Of public pol
ity, affirmed by our fathers Of the epoch of
1893, sanctioned by long experience, and
consecrated anew by the overwhelming
voice Of the people of the United States.
Recurring to these principles, which con-
stitute the organic basis of union, we per
ceive that, vast as are the functions and
the duties Of the federal government, vest
ed In, or entrusted TO, its three great de-
partments, the legislative executive and
judicial, yet the substantive power, the pop
ular force, and the large capacities for So
cial and material development, exist in the
respective States which, an icing of them
selves well constituted republics as they
preceded, so they alone are capable of
maintaining and perpetuating the Ameri-
can Union. The federal government has
its appropriate line Of action in the specific
and limited powers conferred upon it by
the constitution chiefly as to those things
in which the States have common inter
est in their relations to one another, and to
foreign governments; while the great mass
of interests which belong to cultivated men,
the ordinary business of life, the springs Of
industry, oil the diversified personal and
domestic affairs of society, rest securely
upon the general reserved powers of the
people Of the several Sales.--future is the
effective democracy of the nation, and
there the vital essence of its bring and its
greatness.
OF the practical consequences which flow
from the nature Of the federal government,
the primary one is the duty Of administering
with integrity an fidelity the high trust repo-
sed in It by the constitution, especially in the
application of the public funds as drawn by
taxation FROM the people, and appropriated
to specific objects by Congress-
Happily have no occasion TO suggest
any radical changes in the financial policy
of the government. Ours is almost, if not
absolutely, the solitary power of Christen-
dom having surplus revenue, drawn from
imposts on commerce, and therefore meas
ured by the spontaneous enterprise and ma
tional prosperity of the country, with such
indirect lelation to agriculture, manufac-
lures, and the products Of the earth and
sea, as to violate no constitutional doctrine,
and yet vigorously promote the general
welfare Neither as to the sources Of the
public treasure, nor as to the manner Of
keeping and managing ii, does any grave
controversy now prevail, there being gen
eral acquiescence in the wisdom Of the pres