The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1854-07-30


TO each the sze Of ths berhs the character Of the
decks, the quantity of DIVISIONS a0d water per
passenger. arc all prescribed by the various IS;
nd It is made the duty Of tue Emigration Comms.
Under these . "a the IRISH emigration has grown
Ito systematic and well conducted business In the
hands OF Pc sons who receive the wanderers at Lv-
erpo0l from ali parts Of Ireland, even from Sligo.
The main movement, ho ~eger, Is from Cork. where
they arrive By car or rail- from the southern and
western counties, ana are thence transported 70
Liverpool In steamers. 10 swsit at their Own ex-
pense, the sailing Of the vessel When number
about TO leave, the whole village oli (abose
sixty against whose free emigration the passenger
laws OF some Of the States interpose i'm
pediments; the well-to do, who have no
need to depart; the beRgar whose filthy shreds can
not be called q cover1ng-the youngest children
even-gather IN q tumultuous grouo about the car
helcng the smiling faces whose happy lot It Is to
leave Tor ever their native land. Vita the widest
signs Of grief for the departing as II for the dead,
with waving Of hands, beating OF the air. a,thy
bowls, tears, sobs, and Mysteries, they press con-
fuEedly around the carriage. each one struggling
for the last shake OF the hand the last kiss the last
glance. the last adieu. The only calm persons in
this strange scene are tie subjects Of II all to whom
tits moment Is tie 0osummstion of long hopes ard
many creams, who have tslksd of II and sang of 1t
ldor the songs OF ire leassntry nov dwell upon i'd
till II bias become reality.
Before going on board the ship at Liverpool,
they are subjected to strict inspe tion By the me
dicsl authorities, and the same persons examine
secured against maladies They are then put board
the first ssei Of the lime sailing after their ARRIVAL
anc We have the authority OF Nj, Hale for saying,
that THY sometimes cross and Land without kaow-
ing her name. When on board they are assigned
toeerain berths, their chests are hauled into the
little con partments, opening on the deck in which
their belths are situated, they furnished with
looking places for the preparation Of the stores
which they take in addition to the ships rations,
the messes are MAJ up for the voyage, the pilot
takes the ship below the bar, search is made for
stowaeays. the pilot leaves, taking with him all Sc
creted persons whom the search exposes, and the
waters Of the Irish Channel are breaking az inst
the bows There is even less sentiment 10 this part
ing than in the former little Of the regret natu
RAJ il leaving for ever the land OF nativity Tnst
comes later, when, IN full employment, with plenty
of money, clean comfortable nome, tidy wife,
children at school, and the old folk and the brothers
and sisters brought out Pat tells tue Yankees of the
jewel of land he left behind, and wishes Uhe
rogue) that be may just lay his old bones oace more
there before he dies. There ia no such feeling when
the ship sails--not wet eye, not sigh, lot re-
gret--all is buoyant hope and happiness.
The German emigration has also been greatly
stimulate by the same system. 1t comes from ali
pats Of Germany, (possibly at present more from
the Rhine, Wurtemberg, and Prussia, than from
Bavaria, where obstacles are now thrown in the way
of it, and from Switzerland even, and is managed
by mercial houses in the North Sea ports in
Havie, in London, in Liverpool, aud in New York.
The Dutch have little to do with it; their ships are
employed in their own commerce, and In the British
trade with Australia. But the Germahic free towns,
the British. American houses In London and Liver
pool, and the American houses in Hsvre, whose
ships do not carry cut 80 bulky cargoes as they
bring back, have embarked largely in it.. Agencies
of these various houses are established throughout
Germany, levery August tourist knows them by
the big eagle and shield with thirteen bars over
the door,) who are charged to collect the
wanderers at some convenient point-say Mann
helm for the Rhine and Danubian country, and Bre-
men or Hamburg for the center and north,-where
they pass into the hands Of the contractor, and
thenceforth have no care over themselves. A part
are paupers, sent by the governments of Baden,
Bavaria, Hesse, Wurtembus 2, and Switzerland
tcn to the whole. Il have known writes one
vel! informed gentleman, hundreds of sGerman
families who have taken out with them to the Uni
thousand forms each family. It may be admitted
as q fact, that out Of twenty German immigrants,
nineteen take out with them to the United
States money enough to enable them to es-
fess we had supposed that the pauper emigration
bore larger relative proportion to the voluntary
The latter moves generally In families and often by
their DOCTOR and loaded with quantities Of useless
farming and household utensils, which they bring
with them at great expense and discard on arrival,
these simple agiculturists leave the dreary stone
houses which served as q home for their cattle,
their horses, and themselves, and Is q store
house for their produce bid goodbye to the heavy
tower and bright dubious dome Of the venerable
church; take last look at the fields which have SO
long borne hDsced, and wheat, and maize TO them
end their fathers, and set out joyfuy on their voy.
age. Or, if they be mechanics and tradesmen (and
the Hamburg statistics return Il per cent of the
as OF these classcs they arc still more content to
go to country where they anticipate ready en-
Payment and high wages. And if they be panpers
they certainly have nothing to lose by the change
Many arc doubtless doomed to disappointment; for
some Of the town labor il overdonc and i'll paid
the ever-oppressed nee dlcwOman for instance-even
in energetic America. Butwe are credibly informed
that they are gradually taking possession of many
they can work and live for less than the Americans.
They take leave of their country with little more
sentiment than the Irish, but yet without sorrow.
The legends Of forests which yield them no bread,
pressed for their lips, the memories os the grass
grown streets and dccsying fountains Of Augsburg,
the departed greatness Of Nuremberg
"Quaint old town of toll and traffic
Quaint old town Of art and song
the dull magniAcence Of Berlin, the Angifed ele-
gance of Dresden, the sman-beer architecture Of
Munich, even the national waters Of the wide and
winding Rhine,' and the old Germanic glories of
Cologne, are little to them at the moment OF leaving
for the land of plenty. The same went of capital,
and Of an active energetic middle class to stimulate
industry and make division Of labor, which has
produced in Ireland the voluntary emigration Of its
best aborers is causing the same results In the cen
tire Of Europe.
AZ MAnuelHl, Ut hAmDurI, OF BTeuen or Wncf.
ever it may be, the emigrants surrendc. themselves
and their ates to the shippers who contract 20 take
them to New York ; but not before a careful gov
eminent has that thei comfort and health have
been reasonably provided for. And in truth, they
require some looking AFTER for they and their Ing
gage are generally in too filthy a state for sea
voyage. They are then brought to the sea shore,
from whence they are eitbcri shipped directly to
pool by way Of Hull. Twice as many sail from Bre-
men as from any other continental port Next in
rank, is Tlavre, which they reach under charge Of
agents either by rail from Cologne, by steam from
the English ports, all take large numbers. Fifteen
or twenty thousand came to London last year to
take pa ssagc hence for New York. Whoever crossed
from Rotterdam within the year probably saw from
cabin. principally young men and women in the
vigor Of life with their children. After passing the
Brieillc the Hclvoetsuys, he lost sight Of them
h. nf fho nd