Weekly national intelligencer., 1854-04-01

% mined policy and this is our acknowledged right,
! cured by the Constitution and laws of the country
But while this is policy this our determination,
see sound Of State policy, no wise and just
consideration Of interest that would justify in disturb
ing settled compacs and destroying the peace and har
mony of the various sections Of the Union There
those who desire that the sayeholdng States should
quire additional territory in the belief or hope of effect
ing and preserving u balance or equilibrium between
them and the nons!ayeholdng States But this is vain
; and deusye hope
The fact cannot be disguised that slavery in
try cannot keep pace With the growth OF the white race
1t was demonstrated BY Mr. Calhoun himself in his last
speech delivered the compromise measures of 1850,
on the 4th Of March, and is confirmed still more strongly
by the tables Of the last And this is owEg not
only the nature of things but to the established policy
of the Government In addition to the natural and ex-
aorlnary growth Of the free population under our be-
raj institutions the emigration from all parts OF the world
is pouring its copious streams over the country; and
these streams for the most pant find or make their chan-
|, nels in the new States.
r westward the course of empire takes its way"
The wise and sagacious Southern statesman, under
these crcumstG will not look forward for the Protec
ton and advancement OF the interests OF the South to
vain competition for political power in the race OF num-
bers but he will uphold the institutions and interests Of
the South by maintaining their just integrity BY pro-
noting her commerce By fostering and improving her
agricnlture BY encouraging and supporting appropriate
manufactures within her limits by cultvating the arts
and sciences by cberishng and rewarding the Of
learning and genius by thoroughly educating her high
y-giited and undetermined youth, nursing their heroic
gently
ing and training them in all virtue, knowledge, and
compishments to qualify them for all honorable and
useful abors and to render them, proud to say
their progenitors have been the lights and ornaments
Of their country and the world; and lastly by strength
enRg the bond of national union through the observance
Of good faith and making Northern brethren feel in
this wise policy that interest well fratena harmony
requires them their part to support and defend that
] Constitution and Union to which they indebted for
their unexampled prosperity and progress The true in
terests OF all lie in unon mutual confidence and har-
ony. The notices of the Revolution still the watch
words of liberty Pl,rtJas Uaam-unted we stand di
yded fall. Present circumstances, putting aside,
mean tie agitation OF the slavery question, most
spciou for the welfare and happiness of this great and
marvelloGsy growing nation The compromise measures
have been faithfully executed and the fires OF patriotism
burn bright in every section Of the country May be
wise enough not to disturb this happy condition of the
rcpubc r.. ... ...&. .... ...a..
now propose examine, according to the short time
allowed me, of the arguments of the advocates Of
the bill ..~.. :.
It is insisted by of the supporters of the bill that
tile Missouri compromise repuated in 1850 by
fusa to extend the line Of 36o 30> such ne to
California have already partly answered this pretence
in my remarks in relation to the Oregon bill. But
happy state further the grounds OF the refusal Those
who thought Congress had right to legsate on the
subject Of slavery in the Territories doubtless found
sufficient ground for the refusal in that opinion while
others, who thought like Mr.. Clay, that Congress had
that power but that impoc to exercise it, as it
would, contrary TO their views of the true policy OF the
nation open the Territory to the admission OF slavery
Wheu things Stood slavery was excluded Dy the Con-
sttudon and laws Of the country and by the law of ma
respect to the soil and climate based their refusal
those views of policy But in the argument was not
pretended that the refusal to make the compromise Of 6
3OI for California unmade annulled, and repealed the
compromise for Missouri No advocated such an alb
| surdity. ..." ...
1t has been urged gentleman of distinguished abb
lity that the principle embodied in the Missouri
d. omise was this That line in the Territories should
be selected and slavery excluded the side and i'm
pedy allowed on the Others and that, as we acquired
future territory, we should apply that line
If the Missouri compromise established any principle,
that principle, according to my Judgment the clear
and udoubtea right of Congress to egsate for the Ter
riory. Now the only Territory then had the destiny
of which to be settled by act of Congress- was the
Territory of Louisiana ceded by France The Missouri
compromise provided merely for that Territory and
at the time dreamed of territorial acqulsl-
lions. The assertion then that the Missouri compro-
mise line was to be applied to all future acquisitions is
without any evidence to support it. 1t is peto pr,nc
pi The compromise line of 3Go 30< not principle
but expedent of sound policy to prevent
strife aud dsunion provision with view to future
acquisitions but settlement of the question OF slavery
in the Territory Of Louisiana The idea of the adoption
Of the geographical line to be spped to new territory for
all time to come heretofore Observed is after
thought sprngng out of the views of certain gentlemen
in respect to the rights they claim for the South But it
has been acquiesced in admitted by the North as
the of the Oregon Territory aud OF the ter
rtory recently obtained from Mexico Nor does the line
Of $50 30 i'll the of Texas vary affect my posi-
tion for that stipulated in the joint resolution, and
was q matter of special contract. ~.. s...
Upon the unfoundcd assumption that the application OF
certain line all future acquisitions the principle
of the Missouri compromise the falacous argument is
made that the late compromise act which rejected that
application is reputation of the Missouri compromise
The for the rejection have been already set
forth and have been shown to be- practically the exist
ing Mexican law excluding slavery, and the climate and
soil the acquired territory which rendered unit for
slave labor Mr.. Clay and Mr. Webster by whose lead
ing influence the compromise carried both
insisted upon these grounds and both expressed their
position the extension of slavery in the new Territory
After pressing upon the South the truth that the adop
ton of line would be recognition Of the power of Con-
gress to egsae for the Territory which doctrine the
South in the MAN, avowed its opposition, Mr. Clay said
Of a line:
II have said that never could it myself and re
peat that md viii voe and earthly
power will make to spread slavery over territory
where it does not exist"
And he added these correct and conservative remarks
which gentlemen should carefully weigh, maintaining
0 good faith in compromises
"sti if there be majority who for nterdicting slavery
north line there ought be majority justice sdone
10 the South admit slavery south of the ine And If there
be majority accomplish both of these purposes, although
ale any disturbance shall be the rt acquicsce in
aq lcga.ion although it "a contraryto orn Judgment ana
: 3 my conscience. ......
Mr. websters views equally explicit. In his wise
eloquent patriotic magnanimous American speech OF the
Tth March, he said lie looked upon California and New
Mexico as free by the arrangement OF things ordered
d by the Power above US !" and he continued:
have therefore say, in this respect ALSO that this
fixed for freedom to persons as shall ever
live in less repcaable law than that which attaches
II the right Of holding slaves in Texas