The true Democrat., 1854-10-04

American Monthly, a very excellent periodical nublished by Jethro Jackson & Co.,, Cincinnati at S2 per annum:
 The Revolution in paper-Making
 The immense increase in the demand for pa per renders the introduction of some process and some new material, by which its cost car he lessened and the time used in its manufac ture decreased, an absolute necessity. Fertile minds are therefore setting to work to devise some plan whereby these desirable ends may be accomplished. Straw, grasses, wood, will low-bark, and other substances are undergoing nrocesses of manufacture in various ways. in order to reduce them into that most indspensa. ble article, upon which we are now writing- The suggestions and plans of the different in. ventors are, of course, finding their way into print; each claiming for the child of his own creative genius the approval of an interested public. A variety of communications in the New York Tribune and other papers, afford us the following facts relative to the revolution now on foot and soon, doubtless destined to be successful in the art of paper making.
 Straw, as a material, seems to have been the earliest innovation on the old rag stuff Victo, Beaumont, in letter to the Tribune gives tbe history of the manufacture of straw-nano, which is quite interesting. It appears frop, b;s statement that the first attempt to mann fact,,re paper directly from straw and other fbrous sub. stances, was made in 1786.
 A few years later, the chemist Delisle SIC. ceeded in bleaching the bark of the mulberry tree, but failed with straw. That kind of bark could not be procured in sufficient quantities, and the process was abandoned It was not until twenty-five years had elapsed that new trials were made. Seguin obtained patent in France in 1901, Matthias Koop got another in England, in 1902, and Resbit and Gustier another shortly after, for the manufacturing of straw pulp. Koop's process was the following:
 Cut the straw two inches long, boilit in water in the proportion of two gallons per pound of straw. After it has been drained make it soak in lime-water during eight days, using two pounds of lime for one of straw, and repeat the operation again and again till the straw is suAi- ciently Softened. If more agreeable color ;s wanted, for every pound of straw use three crys- tals of soda after the straw has been washed.
 This process far from furnishing white pulp. did not give as good paper as the straw rappers of ourtimes. These unsuccessful experim ents. made at time when the war, then raging in Europe, prevented England from importing rags from the continent, damped the spirit of invention for nearly twenty veAr, The sub- feet was revived, a'id in France pate ts were granted to M DeSsaux in 1918, M. Hio gen in 1920, M. Bro zack in 1924 ald to NJ P1ll. in 1925. In the mean.ime HevoIu ion hld occur red in paper mlkng-a machine had been i..- venteL l. perfectel, and generally introduced. proarcing twenty times m ,re paper han could be ma le by hand; and with liJtle ma ull or. An impulse was now given to produ ?ton, and more materials wee wanted. and, accordingly, the process of bleaching was improved and good paper was made of what was before considered as refuse, or at best, fit only for making paste board. But notwith hstanding these i'm prove ments researches after substitutes for rags were never abandoned From 1925 to 1S47 the number of patents granted in Europe for bleach ing straw was one hundred and thirty Every one of the processes described in these patents has comp pletely failed. The last never theless deserves mentioning. It was granted to NIT. Samuel w. Wright of Massachusetts; the process was mainly mechanical and good white paper was the result. A great excite ment was created by it, licenses were sold in Europe, and machinery was built in England and France, but after short time it was aban- doned as too expensive.
 MT. A. Mellier the inventor of process now coming into use, was connected as paper ma ker with the working of $. w. Wnght's process in France, and after it's failure went on ex pertinent ing on several of the previous patents, till finally heassociated himself with Mr. T. Coupler, and by united efforts they discovered the process lately patented in this country, as well as in Europe, which is the following:
 "The straw is cut one inch long, and the knots, ears and grains are separated by winnow- ing. It is then thrown into large wooden or iron tub, and strong boiling solution of caustic soda is poured upon 1t. This is drawn at the bottom, again warmed by steam, and again poured upon the straw, which operation is re- peated till the straw becomes spongv The straw is then washed, first with warm water to take out the soda and then with cold water to cool it. It is next taken out and thrown into strong bleaching liquor, where it has to be stir red up every hour to make the liquor act uni formly. From there, the pull is let down to the drainers in state called technically half stuff, and is ready for the beating engnes''
 To perform the above operations good many things are required
 l. Iron cisterns for the preparation of caustic soda
 2. Stone cisterns for making bleaching liquor
 3. A reverberatory furnace to recover two thirds of the soda.
 f. Apparatus to throw uniformly the solu- ton over the straw.
 large steam boiler, small Steam engine, and an unlimited supply of water are also ab- soute requisites.
 About forty eight hours are required to make the straw ready for beating A quantity of straw, weighing 4,40O pounds, will weigh, after cutting and winnowng 4,OO0 pounds, anu after bleaching will produce 2O00 pounds of paper. The flores of the straw pulp are more uniform than those of rags; d, instead of five hours beating, require only two and half hours.
 The cost of establishing the special apparatus for making straw pulp in mill of ordinary sze-Say, producing two tuns of paper a day is under five thousand dollars, beside the ne- cessary building. The price of new mill would be exactly that of a ag-mil since wash ing engines and part of the power, etc., neces- sary for rags would be dispensed with. The cost of straw-pulp, ready for the heating en- gne is warranted by the inventors to be only two-thirdS that of the ragpulp of the same quality.
 To bleach 4, 400 pounds of straw and obtain 2,oOO pounds of paper, there are used:
 Soda. lbs. 400 Rlea,.hinr Pow