The daily union. [volume] (Washington [D.C.]) 1845-1857, 1854-01-29

ioying. by commercial regulation any advantages
The nvafies and conflicting regulations Of the States
which Possessed the almost unrestricted night regulate
Commerce usdsr the old articles os 0Atay
cont ba,rd 70 ibe formation Of The federal constitution.
The cbef defect opposite and unequal reg cguizilcns
To h's deec the remedy was nseuded 10 be applied. bni
II Was not designed to 20 beyond the defect THIS OBJ
lec was accomplished by equaixng 10 all regulations
coDsnerce or Iese8ue, the ports OF the dereu States
II was NOT niendrd lhs clause equalixe The
oE 81 natural hensns by reversing the laws OF Nature
hut merely To equaixe The action o the government
laion 70 the vaions por. and also 10 harmonIze the
legislation oi The States upon the subject Mere
aAiafs advantages OF Disadvantages the States 10
]oy
Wlll tonnage duties upon vessesnoi their cxlsoes-
engaged Interstate trade violate the clause OF the
siituuon which have read Ihe tonnage duty will be
no preference VIII be given 10 any vessel 10 State
Those vessels which the port will pay the
but hey VIII also derive The GREATEST gam IL
cndsd an tie clause read, 10 guard against hinderng
and lettering by any TAk1ialou ibe object here
's rrssnote comnefrE. The object here much
essential 10 commerce than the hishmen ot
hospitals any OF those purposes FOR which tonnage du-
ties have been laid II is dcalt, then, how the
al Ing Of tonnage duties which shall be imposed equally
upon all yesssisheteby preventing preference TO
and The object of which is 10 promote commefce-can
ccLaic, with The clause Of the constitution alluded
nor are we eil 10 mere reasoning upon this subject
lie actions OF the States and Congress both illustrate
H. ln l7s5 the legislature OF Mary land passed acl
evyng tonnage duties upon inter State we'll as Tor
elgn commerce. This while the old articles ot
federation subsisied- Ia 1871 The Legislature oi the
same State amended the asi act only, however. 10 the
extent OF reducing The tonnage duty from pence per
Ion 10 Two cents, leaving IT'S imposition upon both do
nes.ic and fofegn commerce This act ratihed aud
confirmed BY act of tie Congress OF the United States
ne lah May 1885, and further continued BY an act l7h
March. 1900
fhus we have The deliberate sanction oi the very
fathers oi the constitution and of earliest expound
ers-while The history OF is formation, and the trials
which LED 10 n, We're resh-o The inposusn oi tonnage
dotlrs upon domestic commerce.
now submit, MIR. Chairman, tba, | have shown the
consiitnonany OF laying tonnage duties for works oil
Internal Improvement, from the meaning OF the clauses
the constitution relating 10 the subject from the history
OF Their formation, and their contempoaneons practical
exposition had no, the good fortue 10 hear distinctly
The Argument OF my Distinguished and eloquent friend
from Kentucky, Mr. EwING,l have been able 10
read since pnohcasion; am bence developing my own
views, and whsrcver arguments clash, each must
abide the fortune OF the conflict
/ now invite the attention OF The committee to this sub
Jeet, under The head OF cxledienry propose to show
tsi this mode OF executing works OF internal nature
viii secure
/ FIRST economy ia laying taxes;
Secondly, eeonomy collecting taxes;
/ Thirdly, successful application OF the taxes; and.
FonrtIy, restoration OF the government orlg-
nal princifdts and simplicity
fusi, Hwll secure economy IN laying taxes
lie Object is to promote Commerce Whatever - a
burden Will dsieal The very Object IN view, uaess
| 1T secafesa rompensatins good Any charge is OBJ
-trncfon. and can osy be Justified when IL removes
greater obstacle. The in,cfesls OF the community
winch Imposes the burdeH wn full appreciation
OF the dls1euy be removed and also tnsi the charge
oe as little onerous possible The OBJECT then, IN
view and Inc personal interest OF community will
eegei economy ia taxation The purpose viii AFRO be
distinctly understood Sra the immediate interest OF he
community viii insure proper GRADUATION OF taxes to
The object contemplated. Economy ia taxation re-s
chiefly upon iu appreciation OF the end 10 he attained,
lniefsst The safest moae OF laying taxes, aa6
porBosmeni OF them end All these requisites
10 economy secured IN se proposed an OF tonnage
DUTIES.
SECONDLY, ii Will secure ecnnony 10 collecting taxes.
The object beng promoi. oommerrs, and every
ebarge being pre- iants fescuoa. lhr eharse VIII be
sade IL b. pos-ielr A ever ageni employed ~
tec coroigos bot ADDS the oharges, the wall
DC fhe smallest CONSISTENT witt proper discnare OF the
deiy rrqguet. The community viii have rsvofs 10
grant and no partssn- 10 reward Thus the pieres OF
ths constituency wsll economy collecting The
and their pf-senoe and tse small number o agents.
lost IN The divided responsibility OF multitude OF re-
ceIvers
rhirdly, il w secure successful application Of the
saaes.
The object aimed at Will be distinctly understood, the
accountability OF otoefs and VIII be clear
and immediate and the interests o ihs constituency will
make them waicht0i. Resicenre and daily observation
wf give accuracy of ssosiedge wkich stady
eseBoi scasr. and winch anAldes scenne is bsted IN
stienpuas 10 siisio. There. mighty laws Of God
which hidden from sumaa insight, and the process Of
whose workings science has yet explored The mon
un.nts OF Their power scattered around us, but we
comprehend not tue mystery Of Their birth; nor can
Combining cause We know not by scientific nvesisa
non storm, and wind. and current aad obstruction
natural ana iofegn, belos the surface OF The usrr, may
wofk cbanre., nor how great those changes may be
A. the old sailor the tropics will the storm, and
foreeli ils track, when he scientific astronomer
wOuld only upon TIE beauty Of the scene and from
its cooaless azure prec days of coming quiet. the
vesihef-beslen mariner, with daily ssd Interested obser
vaon Will tell yoa oI changes which defy Tie splendid
sources ~ science Thus, oy committing local interests
local aaaAs, you val accuracy ol knowledge
you wal not Otherwise obtain.
As you cllcamscrse the limits within which taxes
10 be lad, you insure waicbtuiness and accountability
A. the Object designes to be sccoup shed viii be import
ant and ~ execution deyoves upon those interested
in H. the eaofls vii be connnoas sustained. and
iang Thus By ihis mode oi conducting internal i'm
provemsuts you viii secure rueces-iu Application oil
ihe - securing accuracy OF knowledrr, which
viii spqoron The 70 the end, an the best mode Of
attaining the end. rigid accountability and Interested
wsicaiulneas, and A continuous anJ unisng supply
Fouthiy, wal restore tue government 10 s republi
can simplicity
10 a republic, the basis OF despoiism is money; In an
ossfehy IL basis Is land. The republican sprit has
hitherto decayed through monetary indueRce and cornp
ton Cold may huy the smiles al every divinry IN the
Whole m4tbolur.c ecie exce those ot the Goddess oi
lahery Republican freedom f3unshss and grows hardy
only epon an empty eKchsquer- the hoser that j.
besUihed BY storm and wller grows only TIE Apins
htishs. kTeedom resides IN the hearts oi people,
and her only throne vulue She must be worshp-
ped ton loyal love and stainless Devotion SIR
ibs Arzsfican people wcuid escape danger, they
have scan'y exehequer The liberty oi republics
huber,o been buf'ed ~ goid pts. Money, SIT,
nen Of power every she5e and in the haSds OF selfish
and unscruPulons ambition here. with a net.wcrs OF
eiectne spgead all the lard, vii prostitute
The consultation, aud wear away ia rusranfess St.
the money power arsorbs all other powers. VI Involves