Richmond enquirer. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1815-1867, 1854-11-07
TREATY.

The Treaty between the United States anu RUSSIA,
lust promulgated by tho Secretary Of State, contains
The first formal recognition of the American theory OF
neutral rights by Il European Government. In this
treaty it is d distinctly uud sulemnly avowcd that hetds
cortrs tie cargo, and tina, muhr0i g"oi' IN e"cmr'' SHIPS
are cr"mp' from s~po!i0ion nrIrss contr0band ~ T6r.
This noble protest against tho tyranny aud injustice
of the British Admiralty, reflects moro glory on the
craftsmanship and humanity Of the Car, than the vic
tory of tho Alma reelected on the arms of the allies
The influence OF tho two great and growing nations
Of the world will compel the introduction Of these
liberal principles of maritime warfare in the code OF
public law. The treaty is, moreover, an evidence
Of the community III interest and to some ex'e,t Of
ideas, which subsists between Russia aud the United
States, and is II pledge of the continuance of their
long standing friendship.
ar 7ur PRESIDENT or The L. STATES or AMERICA.
4 PROCLAMATION.
Whereas n convention between the United States
Of America aud his Majesty the Emperor Of all the
Russias, was concluded aud signed by their rcspcc-
tive Observation-Disclosures at Washington on the I'D day
| If July lust which conventions, being III tn" Eng
fish aud French languages, is, word for word ns fol
lows:
The United States Of America and hs Majesty the
Emperor of ull tho ltussias, equally animated with n
desire ~ maintain, and (" preserve rom al! harm,
tho relations and gund understanding which have nj
all times 80 happily suhsistrl between tlcIns"lves, ns
also between the inhabitants Of their respective States.
hive mutually agreed f" pcrp"tun:e, 10y means ut II
formal convention, the principles OF III" right Of nch-
trails at sea, which they recognize AZ indispensable"
conditions OF all freedom "f navigation aud riarniiinc
trade. For this purpose, the President OF the nlted
States has conferred full powers on William l.. Mar
cy, Secretary of Stale of the United States, nni his
| Majesty the Emperor Of all the Russias has conferred
like powers on Mr.. Edward de Stoeckle, Counsellor
of State, knight of the orders of Ste, Anne, Of the I'd
class of st. Stanislaus, of the 18th class, aud of tho
Iron Crown OF Austria, OF the Sd class, his Majesty's
charge d atfaires near the plrnipotcntlarles, after har-
ing exchanged their full powers, found in good and
due form, have concluded and signed the following
articles:
The two high contracting parties, recognise ns
permanent and iInmutablc the following principles to
wit:
lst. That free ships make free goods-'hnt is to say.
that the effect or goods belonging TO subjects or cilI'
Zens of Il power or State ~ war ae free from capture
aud c"niscntion when found on board OF neutral vcs-
sels. with the exception OF articles contraband OF war.
ii. That the property Of neutrals on board an en-
einy's vessel i. hot subject 10 conhscntloh unless the
same br cnntrHband nt war. They engage To apply
these principles To tho commerce and navigation "t
all such powers and States rs shall consent To adopt
them un their part US permanent and immutaole.
ARTICLE u.
The two high contracting parties reserve them
selves to come to IN Interior understanding, as circuin-
stauccs may require, with rcSurd to the application
and extension to be given, II there be any cause for
IT,, TO the principles laid down III the first article. But
thew declare from thi. time that they will takc tue
stipulatio,s contained in said article l-t as q rule,
whenever il shall become Il question to Judge Vt the
rights uf neutrality.
ARTICLE III.
1t il agreed by the high contracting parties that oil
nntiuns Which shall or NAV consent 10 aCccde to the
rules of the first article Of this convention, by 4 for.
NAL declaration STIMULATING 10 observe them, shall ELI
joy the rights resulting from such accession rs they
shall bs enjoyed and observed by the t~" powers
signing this convention. They shall mutually com-
muuicate To each other the results of tho steps which
may be taken Oh the subject.
ARTICLE ".
The present convention shall ho approved and rati-
fed by tho President of the United States OF Amcri-
en-, by and with the advice and consent of the Sclato
of saii States, and by his Majesty the Emperor VI Nil
the Russins and the ratification OF the same shall bu
exchanged at Washington within tho period OF ten
months, counting from this day, or sOOner If possible.
In faith whereof, the respective plenipotentlarics
hav. signed the present convention III duplicate, ami
thereto affixed tho seal Of their arms.
Done at Washington the 'wenty-second day Of Jul
", tue wear Of Grace 1851.
w. l.. MARCY, IT,. s..
EDOUARD STOECKL, H.. 81
And whereas the said convention has been duly
ratified Oh both parts, and the respective ratltcations
ct the law were exchanged ia this city on the 3lst ul-
time, hy William l.. Marcy, Secretary Of State of the
taited States, and Mr.. Edward dc Stoeckl, his inpc-
rial Majcsty's Charge d'Aiihirs TO this government,
on the par. Of their respective" governments.
Now, therefore, be- it known, that !, Franklin
Pierce, President of the Gated States Of America,
have caused the said convention Ia be made public.
10 the cud that the same, md every clause and arii.
Gle thereof, may be observed aud fulfilled with good
faith by the United States nnd the citizens thereof.
In testimony whereof, ! have ler"unto set my hand
and caused the seal of the United States to " affixed.
Done ut the city Of Washington this first day Of
November, in the year of our Lord one
II. s. thousand eight hundred aud fitlv.fnur, md
Of the independence OF the United States
the seventy-nn!li.
BY the President:
FRANKLIN PIERCE.
Wu. T.. MARCY. Secretary of S,ntr.