The daily union. [volume] (Washington [D.C.]) 1845-1857, 1854-06-21

cable and general neglect Of their various interests
would exhibta wou contrast TO the state OF things which
now exists III once commence this system, shall
not be forced 10 80 onf IL commence by endowing
asyums for the insane win Institutions Of learning
come here and demand our aid and will they not say III
tins construction be true and you have right TO endow
US and attend TO our wants il Is your duty TO do so r.
Shall we not thus be drawn step BY step until We
embarked in of local legislation and interfere
great with this subject as TO prevent the States
themselves from exercising that and guardianship
which they have heretofore besowed2 Shall have
all sorts OF agtous and unequal schemes concocted here
10 subserve the purposes of ambitious men, ii may be
mere sectional cupidty? Is il not plain that if
attempt IT, the government win be reduced TO such
dilon that all will be in favor Of change of
change which viii relieve them from the evils to which this
would tend2
Why sir what is the cause of the wonderful prosperity
which we have already achieved Has il not been due to
the distribution OF powers which the constitution makes
between the States and the federal government to the d.
vision OF labor between the governments and III.
fact that this general has been able confne
self or nearly 10 conne ITSELF TO those interests which
identical to matters in relation which the feelings Of
people are homogeneous and that the States have taken
charge Of those interests which peculiar TO themselves
and thus all have been enabled proceed in harmony
gether and each has attended to that which Its
| peculiar duty to attend
II our government has shown unlookedor capacity
to extend itself with the growth of empire and the in
crease OF numbers it has been because by fortunate
concurrence OF causes has been enabled TO conne itself
TO this federal ideato those interests which identical
and homogeneous 1t has boen enabled to do because
public opinion owing to the growing lights Of Christian
civilization and the increased of intercourse has
been enabled to take charge of subjects which heretofore
necessary to consgn to the Of the government be-
cause discoveries in political science have developed the
fact that there great laws of trade which conpe
tent to the regulation Of certain matters which heretofore
have been conded to government The doctrines Of free
trade alone since they have been have done away
with the necessity at eas of volume in your Statutes al
Large Above all we have been enabled, our empire
extended, to conne this government to homogeneous in
eres because experience has shown that the States
competent to take charge OF all those interests which
peculiar to individual States, to systems Of States
Mr Aonfi 10 thaft hoch hoan ho
cause in the growth of empire the fact has been de-
veoped that have interests which peculiar, not
merely individual States but different systems Of
States, in our confederacy. We have northern and
southern system Of Atlantic States In the great Meder
ranean valley we have northern and southern system OF
Mississippi States We are destined TO have the Pacific
coast northern and southern system of Pacific States
Yet sir the interests which peculiar only to these
States but to these systems of States under the operations
of the great laws of trade and by of combinations
known and provided for in the constitution, all be
regulated and cared for by the State them
selves.
We have thus way through all difficulty, far
the internal of this conederacy concerned
If there be difficulties likely TO arise in the future whose
solution do not foresec, they exist in relation
have different if not opposite interests questions arising
out of foreign relations and in regard to them have
but government whose action must be uniform Here
sir may arise questions which will require all the wisdom
of our statesmen and ali the patience of people, to set
tie satisfactorily Happily none such have as yet arisen,
there any Of that character, of which
near at hand out be blind to the possiblit,
Of their occurrence.
Should such questions ever arise trust that we shall then
be provided for the contingency and be able adopt some
scheme of American policy which may enable TO mee,
fully responsibilities the rest Of mankind ard satisfy
all the just wants of people in regard their affairs
abroad well home But of this feel perfectly
tan that II we are to expand and If we to grow we
expect the capacity of free representative gov
ernmen to extend with it. unless csnfne ourselves to
this federal dea and restrict the operations OF this govern
ment to those interests which identical So far from
reacng steps, and at this late day seeking TO attract
,f,r,.J L.,a
heretofore cared for by the States ought to be the effort
Of every American statesman TO how far he dvest
this government Of superhuous jurisdiction and conhne
il 10 Interests which identical and homogeneous
But the senator from North Carolina says that these
absracons and he he rejects these arguments
both with his heart aud bis hand, because If il
not for such arguments North Carolina would have had
5000 900 100000 under the distribution act of
is4l and he goes for the money In order TO excite the
feelings of the old States TO something like his cond
ton of mind, he exhibits list taken from which
furnished in the House of Representatives to show the
equal distribution Of the public lands as between the old
aud States Of this coniederacy have not the timk
nor have the precise information to take that list to
pieces item by item and TO show how is but
the chairman OF the Committee Public Lands in the
House Of Representatives Mr. DISNEY has made speech
In relation TO it, in which be has done that work. and has
shown II be tissue of the remarkable that
was ever presented to public inspection
/ Why sir look at it, We have column of grants for
deaf and dumb lums and there we find charged for
thee grants Alabama Arkansas Florida Connecticut and
Kentucky There would to have been five grants for
Il Is
point Of fact am told there than two
20 Connecticut and kentucky but they having public
lands within their limits the grants located in those
three other States which then Territories Instead OF
those States having received grants OF land for such
purpose they lands which given those other
4 two States for asyums. So too have Ohio charged
with grants TO the amount OF several millions Of acres
ten millions think The chairman OF the Committee
Public Lands in the House dssected that statement and
he found that those grants which charged have been
made Ohio consisted OF the whole of the Connecticut
reserve, three million six hundred thousand acres
which belonged TO Connecticut next the Virginia military
lands, three million hundred thousand
and the Ohio companys purchase OF million hun
drcd and foryour thousand Thus the table charges
grants Ohio those which belonged 10 other
States and Of which not granted to the
United States at ALL SO, sir in relation TO Florida he
says:
"Take the Of the State of Florida He has charged
to Florida five millions eight hundred thousand
under this head Without wsding through all the pm
pers to be precisely acre. win the
House, in general that about four millions Of these
grants for private claims whose protection stpu
lated for in the treaty with Spain"
lie says he wrote the Commissioner Of the Gene
Land Office to send him enumeration of the in
this table and the Commissioner replied 10 him: IL 10
idle attempt it. for II is all error And that
Is the table which Is paraded for the purpose Of showing
the inequality Of the distribution OF these lands between
I the and the old States
But suppose that the fact existed and existed 10 the
i extent which the from North Carolina presumss
ask what would be the remedy If the constitution has
already been violated In instances aud If propricty
has been outraged in such distrihnion shall 90
with this evil policy, shall continue IT, shall
steps and abandon all such violations Of the cons
tuition for the future Would il be better TO
H. ,b~