The daily union. [volume] (Washington [D.C.]) 1845-1857, 1854-01-24

collation. had sought quarrel with the Sultan of Jaka
ira. and now came TO win territory by force. The
yanese defences were carried after short and bloody
struggle The fallen prince. leaving his capital 10 be
lsveled with the ground, fled. and Jakatra de-
stroyed Its name only remained for time, and even
that the Dutch afterwards oberaed to be replaced by
that of Batavia
The Dutch soon established their authority in Java
The merchants OF Amsterdam became the founders OF
empire From tina. day. the history of this island is in
great the history Of their progress Java RACKS
in size next 10 Sumaa, and is far superior il in isl
ily. II forms link in the vast chain which. commenc
ing with Achin sweeps ia gentle curve from the bay
OF Bengal TO New Guinea The origin OF The has
given rise 10 much discussion Java with the Europeans,
Java with the natives Polemy. the old geographer,
calls il Jabadia" or the land OF barley and he evidently
seems to have been well informed respecting H.
The extreme length of Java is 666 miles. and varies
from 1856 miles in BREADTH and lis may be CON
puted at 900 square miles The island remarkable for
the gulaIiy OF its outline 1t might be divided into
five or six ras, each rectangular paalleogeam drawn
by unsteady hand.
The aspect OF Java is richly diversified marked by bold
but elegant outlines, and atordng long succession OF
landscapes enriched by innumerabe beauties Approach
ing It's shores, lines OF palm trees display themselves
along the brm Of The sea- aud behind this natural colon
made the plain mounts gently in graceful sweiis TO Inc
base of the hills in the interior Where the ranges APP
proach the coast immense sweeps OF land may be view
ed covered with crops of rice, which wave down the
bosoms of the hills, stretching in amph'heare from
the sea to the central CHAIN Java is exclusively an ag
rcultura county lis soil is excessively richperhaps
the richest in the wordand remarkably deep, in many
places ten and fifty feet 1t resembles IN parts the
richest garden mould OF Europe OF America, and where
irrigation is abundant, requires manure, and bears
wilhou, injury heavy and one light crop annually
There is variety in lis character but all is fertile
Java for salubly is greatly favored among all The
islands of the Indian ocean. With the exception OF
few localities on its northern coast il may be considered
one OF the healthes countries in any tropical or even
temperate part Of the world The Dutch, however,
ected as the metropolis of their Indian empire pest
ential marsh Some faulty bound them to II. The
deaths during period OF twenty-five years. according
to Raynal from 1890 to 1852, were more than million
of souls; so that their capital justly acquired the desig
nation OF the "grave OF Europeans Yet neither Ban
tam nor Batavia be regarded more insauorious
than Charleston New Orleans.
The vegetable wealth of Java is immense. It's variety
is equal its abundance. Dr. Horshed collected IN his
hersarium than thousand plants, most OF them
unknown in any OF The continents OF the globe From
the tops OF the mountains 10 the seashore SIX distinct
may be said to exist, each furnishing It's peculiar
botany six families of plants Indigenous to as many
climates; while every region OF the earth may find its
particular products represented in some par; of the
island
Rice, in upwards of hundred varieties, is produced so
pen,ifuy, that Java is the ganary OF the Archipelago
Corn maize ia grown the higher lands Cotton is al
ready exported in considerable quantities. The product
OF coffee increases enormouslylbe island yielding about
las, oooo 900 pounds annually Every variety OF cereal
and esculenl abounds Java is also celebrated for its
fruits; all the kinds found from the cape to Japan, as
we'll as many common in Europe and America, flourish
in immense orchards, shading every village and adjoining
the approaches 10 every town. The varieties in the ami
NAL and mineral kingdom of the island and TO be found
in ils waters and forests too numerous 10 admit Of
the slightest mention within the space allotted 10 this
article.
Java is believed by TO have been peopled from
the original Tartar stock that has spread itself over East
ern Asia, distinguished by invarable characteristics. To
examine or develop any theory Of ehnology is beyond
my purpose al this lime. All the Javanese Malay,
according 10 Crawford. No negroes or papaans, and no
or IeCOfu VI III lndi tue
Malays are Hindu Chinese race, which originally
Graded on the plains OF Scytha. the foot Of the eau
casus, is the opinion Of Dr. Hawkes., Of New York,
careful and sudious ethnologsi which embraces and
reconciles these ideas
Before the Dutch arrived the Javanese mentioned
by Careiti ia his "V,aggi def ia,s 0rientGii,"
ryng on lucrative commerce. seeking the spices Of the
Mouccs, and collecting them, with other products in
great quantities. for sale in the markets OF the Arcbpe
lago. An infinite variety OF valuable materials pro-
duced and The island admirably situated the nat
ural emporium Of insular Asia Vessels from every
maritime Stale in Asia, from the Red 10 Japan Wis
tied the port OF Bantam. Il was the centre OF a great
native trade, and attracted merchants from every COM
meIcial community in insular or continental Assn
II ought TO be humstng to the civilization OF Europe
have 10 confess that the establishment OF lis influence
in Java broke up this free and thriving commerce. The
restrictions long enforced by the Dutch destroyed the
tive commerce; and they seek TO exclude all other
trade, especially that of America, by Gordon of res,ric-
tons, conceived in The worst most narrow minded spirit
of monopoly.
No American vessel ship cargo OF Coffee or OF
any other article The produce OF Java from any OF The
ports OF The island The whole produce OF The leland is
forwarded TO Europe by recognised and chartered agents
OF the Netherlands Trading Company In ships under their
immediate control There is reciprocity OF navigation