The Belmont chronicle, and farmers, mechanics and manufacturers advocate. [volume] (St. Clairsville, Ohio) 1848-1855, 1854-09-22


But it is said that slavery cannot exist
north Of the Missouri Compromise line, and
that hence there is no fear Of its going there
the climate, the soil, nature itself forbding
it. This is an assumption not warranted BY
truth. The State OF Virginia. the State Of
Kentucky. the State OF MarylUnl, and the
State Of Missouri, all slave States, are north
of that line. 1t forms the north line of Ar
kansas, Tennessee aud North Caroline, and
is but about two degrees north of Scuth Car
olna. In the four frs, States named, all
north OF that line, slavery exists and ever has
existed since first they were States. About
one-lourth of all the slaves IN the Union be-
long and live north of that line. How idle,
how ridiculous, how utterly false the asser-
tion that it cannot exist in the proposed new
Territory of kansas--one-th of which is
south OF the line OF the Missouri Compromise
The Nebraska bill gives the appointment
OF the Governor and the Judges, who are to
expound the law to the President, by and with .
the advice and consent Of the Senate; and .
the Congress reserves to itself supervisory
power over the laws enacted by the repre-
sentatives ofthe people in the Territory. -
The Governor has the veto power-.can in
tarpJse his judgment against that OF the Leg.
isature, and can prevent the passage Of bill
into law. lie is not responsible to the
people of the Territory-he holds his Office
from the President-he gets his power from
Judge DOUGLAS Nebraska Bill! This is not
the doctrine of Mr.. JEFrERsoN-,his is not
the doctrine of the Nicholson lctter-ths is
not ''squatter sovereignty"
Mr.. JEFFERSON, in the resolves ofthe Con-
grcss of 1884, for the government of the
Northwest Territory, and wi ich that great
Patriarch of the Democratic party himself
wrote and reported, and which passed Con-
gress with but two dissenting voices, and
they were both from South Carolina, after
giving the bounds of the several States to be
formed, provides:
4 "That the settlers on any territory so
purchased and offered for sale, shall either on
their OWN petition, or on the order Of Con-
gress, receive authority from them, with ap-
pointments Of time and place, for their free
males Of full age, within the limits of the
State, to meet together for the purpose Of cs.
tabishng temporary government, to adopt
the constitution and laws Of any one of the
original States; so that such laws, neverthe-
less shall be subject TO alteration by their or
dinary Legislature; and to erect, subject to u
. like alteration, counties, townships or other
divisions, for the election of members for this
Legislature.
"That when any such State shall have ac-
f.. quired twenty thousand free inhabitants, on
giving due proof thereof, to Congress, they
shall receive from them authority, with ap-
poinlments of time and place, to call con-
yention OF representatives TO establish per-
manent constitution and government for
themselves; Provided, that both the Temporal
ry and permanent governments be established
on these principles as their basis:
! 81 That they shall forever remain a part
of this conlederacy Of the United States Of
America.
- That they shall be subject to the art-
ces of confederation in all those cases in
which the original States shall be so subject
and TO all the acts and ordinances Of the
United States in Congress assembled,
conormable thereto.
49, That they, in no case, shall interfere
with the primary disposal of the soil by the
United States in Congress assembled; nor
with the ordinances and regulations which
Congress may find necessary for securing
the title in such soil to the bona .fdc purcha-
scrs.
81 Tha, they shall be subject to pay a
part OF the federal debts contracted, or to be
contracted; to be apportoned on them by
Congress, according to the same common
rule and measure by which upportionments
thero: shall be made on the other States
50. That no tax shall be imposed on lands
the property OF the United States.
"6. That their respective governments shall
be republican.
II. That the lands of nonresident proprie-
tors shall in no case be taxed higher than
those of res dents with any new Stat o, before
the admission thereof to vote by its dele
gates in Congress.
"S. That whensoever any of the said States
shall have of free inhabitants as many as
! shall be in any one OF the least numerous of
the thirteen original States, such State shall
be admitted by its delegates into the Con-
gress of the United States, on an equal foot
ing with the said original Stutes," &c.
Here is "Sguatter Souercignty," as we under
Stauu ll-neTe Is inc uOClIlHe VI tASS NlCn-
olson letter carried out to the full extent
The people are as wholly the masters oflheir
own affairs, as if they were citizens of a State
and not of Territory. When a Territory
was organized, Mr.. JEFFERSON did not tram
mel its people with Governors appointed by
President who never was within one thou
sand miles of its nearest border-their laws
were not to be expounded by Judges not Of
them, nor with them, but who were sent to
them-thc laws of their Legislature were not
to be supervised by Congress or any other
earthly power, save that chosen by themselves
They adopted the constitution and laws Of
any State they pleased, aud had the right to
alter them to suit their own peculiar crcum-
stances; and when the population swelled to
20 900 inhabitants, they had the right to form
a constitution of their own, and when the pop
ulation was as large the smallest of the
thirteen original States, they could knock at
the door OF Congress, and be admitted into
the Union, as a free and independent State.
Such was the doctrine Of Thomas JEFFERSON,
la,t r;,,l