Loudon free press. (Loudon, Tenn.) 1852-1855, 1854-01-23
From Charleston Courier.

Il 1.-The Gar ana the Ouitan, we learn that the
treaty of Kainardji, concluded betweea Turkey
and Russia, in l774, consisting of twenty eight
articles, stipulated particularly for the ndepen-
dence of the Tartars of the Crimea, of Bessar-
aba, and of the Cantons Of the Kuban. with the
exception of their still depending, in a religious
sense, on the descendants of Islam; he restitu-
ton of the countries conquered fronrthe Khan,
with the exception of the ports of Kertsch and
Ienikalaa; the abandonment of the Russian
conquests in Moldavia and Wallachia Bessara-
abba, Georgia, Miugrelia, and the Archipelago,
with the exception of Azov, the two Kabartais
and Kiburn; the liberation of all prisoners; the
privilege of navigating the Black Sea and the
| Mediterranean; the greatest advaniag es+or Rus
sian commerce; the safe conduct of travellers
and particularly Of pilgrims 10 Jerusalem; the
most honorable treatment Of Ambassadors. Con-
suls and Interpreters; an improved administra-
ton for M0davia aud Wallachia; the title of
Padschah for the Sovereigns of Russia: the
construction of Greek Church at Pera; the
right of the Empress TO protect the Greek reli-
gion and its churches.
Finally, Of all treaties previously concluded,
that Of Azov, in 1900, on the limitation of the
territories, alone, was to remain in force. All
the others, and particularly that of Belgrade,
were annulled. Of Poland, the principal cause
of the war, not word was said, probably be.
cause Russia even then entertained, with regard
to that country, fixed Designs and Turkey was
no longer in a position to offer any Obstacles to
their accomplishment.
The representative Of Austria, the Baron DE
! THUGgr who had assisted in the drawing D. e
the treaty, spoke of it in IL ,ffvuIas. s'af'ef
G.grr wirfcn it Is evident that the able diploma
fist perfectly appreciated its tendency
"ThiS treaty." he wrote, SIS model Of ability
| on the part Of the Russian diplomatistS, and
rare example of simplicity on the part of the
| Turkish negotiations. By the terms Of this
treaty, Russia will remain the mistress, and will
| be at liberty whenever she shall think the OPP
| portunity fitting, to make descentS upon the
| shores Of the Black Sea. From her new from
tier of Kertsch she will be enabled, at forty
eight hours notice, to conduct an army to the
walls of Constantinople. A concerted league
with the chiefs of the schiSmatic religion will,
in that case, undoubtedly break out, and the
! Sultan will have nothing to do but to fly to the
remote parts of Asia, leaving the throne of the
Ottoman Empire to more able possessor. The
conquest Of Constantinople by the Russians
may be achieved without notice, and even before
the news of it can be conveyed to the other
Christian Powers"
1t would have been difficult to read the future
more correctly, and to foreSee with greater ex-
actitude the dangers now threatening the inter
ests of the West.
From the time of the treaty of Kainarii to
tina! of AdrianOple, we see Russia mistress Of
the whole political scene of Europe. Venice
and Austria, who had played such an important
part after the treaty of Carlowitz, were etfaced,
Poland was absorbed France and England
scarcely mediating Powers, and Russia direct
.l .h Iipln ito Of ba Il
dictated and expounded all matters at Constan-
tinope.
The treaty of Adrianople, however, concluded
in 1929. was the crowning blow given by Rus.
STA to Turkey. The Emperor ALEXANDER dis.
played high order Of ability in its dictation.-
He did not show himself exacting on the ques
ton of territory; but on all other subjects he
| imposed his will in such manner as to ensure
his influence over the Ottoman government
He restored to the Porte the two Principalities
of Wallachia and Moldavis, with Bulgaria
Roumelia, and all the fortresses which the Rus.
sian army had conquered during the war. The
Pruh continued to form the European boundary
of the two Empires, from the point where It ell
WIN the Bai1tTUg IvrUIl the latter point to the
mouth of St.George's Chanel the Russian from
tier was to be the right bank of the Danube, 50
that all the Islands formed by the various
branches of that immense river were declared
to belong to Russia.
In ASIA the Pachaliks of Kars, Bavazed, and
ErSeroum, with 4 large part of that Of Alkazi
Ike, were restored to the Turks. In the last
named Pachalik Russia only reserved to herself
small district enclosed in the upper part of the
basin of the Kur, which contains the fortress OF
Akalzike. The Russian negotiatOrs called this
"Simply setting their frontiers straight"
UaC stimulated tIot ba ol
Wallachia and Moldavia should preserve the
same rights and privileges which had been
guaranteed them by former treaties.
Full liberty to trade through the whole of the
Ottoman Empire was secured to Russian sub
jectS, and Turkey consented to pay and indem
nifty for the losses incurred through the war by
| Russian merchants as well as another ndem
nity-the nature of which was to be rerulated
at later period--for the expenses of the wal
itself
No legislative provision on the part of the
Porte could interfere with the Russians i'll the
exercise of their commercial rights.
Russians, whether residing or travelling in
Turkey, were only amenable to the jurisdiction
of the Ambassadors and Consuls of their nation.
No Russian ship could be visited by the Turks,
either at sea or in the ports of the Ottoman
Empire.
The Dardanelies and the BoSphorus were
thrown open to all merchant ships of every size,
| loaded or not, coming or going from the Black
Sea to the Mediterranean
1t was further declared, that the same favor
would be accorded to ships of all other nations,
who were not at war with the Sublime Port.
In case of any infraction of the preceding
regulations, or in case the Ambassador of Rus
STA did not receive full and prompt satisfaction,
when demanded by him, the Porte acknow-
edged that Russia possessed the right of i'm
mediately declaring war against the Ottoman
Empire.
the treaty entered into by those powers. sgbo
had settled the independence and bonndo-fpS
of Greece, which he had hitherto refused to
acknowledge.
The valuation Of the expenses of the war,
which we're insisted on in a note apart, amount
ed to the enormous sum Of e5,00O0,0O0, and
the Russians had the right Of remaining in the
country until the expiration of the period of
payment, which was fixed at ten years.
As will be perceived the ability of the con-
| queror pierced through the moderation which
he manifested with regard to Territory 1t
was thus, that there were certain other cond-
tons stipulated for, which, while leaving Wal
lachia and Moldava still attached to Turkey,
! placed them under the protection of Russia Il
was decided that the hospodars should hold
their dignity for life, and could only be deprived
nf Will thn &c ID