davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The daily Minnesota pioneer. [volume] (St. Paul, Minn.) 1854-1855, 1854-08-17

DRS. POTTS AND MORTON
HAVING associated themselves tOgetherin
L 4 tice of their profession, offer their service
citizens of st. Paul and vicinity.
Office on Third street, IL. C. Sandford's store.
Dec. s. 1853 34-ff
The daily Minnesota pioneer. [volume] (St. Paul, Minn.) 1854-1855, 1854-08-17
RlCH'S SALAMANDER SAFES,
Wilder'S Patent.


VYNE subscribers having purchased the stock cfGOOds
IL in the store recently occupied by c. ID. Fillmore
prepared to furnish his old customers, and many
new ones feel.dsposed to give them a call with
choice assortment of excellent Groceries and Povis
ions, Wines, Liquors &c. together with all other art
cles usually found in of the kind. They feel
sure that examination of their goods will convince
customers that what they correct and that they
selling at low prices.
KELLOGG f. KINNEY
The daily Minnesota pioneer. [volume] (St. Paul, Minn.) 1854-1855, 1854-08-17

4UO ACRES OF GOOD "a X IiNG LAM
FOR SALE.
A LII laying in one body, bordering on beautiful
IA Lake, and which there is forty acres fenced ten
sote comfortable house. thirty of fine building
and fencing taiHarack good spring house. and
suidrS Out houses; which will be sold low if applied
Ior soon For further information apply to
I'll n. f. TYSON co.
The daily Minnesota pioneer. [volume] (St. Paul, Minn.) 1854-1855, 1854-08-17

STATIONERY.
HOMBS still invites all who like to good art
u Gle of Stationery to give him CALL as he has tn
best and most complete assortment in Minnesota.
Call and examine at
COMBES' FRANKLIN BOOK STORE,
80 Near the American House
The Cecil Whig. [volume] (Elkton, Md.) 1841-current, 1854-03-18
For The Cecil WI
PHONETICS.

In the term at the head of this article there
is wrapt up an amount Of practical advantage,
the importance of which addresses itself with
great force to all who have an interest in the
cause Of education. Prcsuming that most
readers Of The Wig are but little informed
on this subject; | will attempt short account
OF lis character, origin and history.
The English language contains about 30
elementary sounds. The Roman alphabet,
which has always been employed to represent
our language, contains but 20 lcttcrs-hcnce
itapplied to the best advantage it would be
insufficient to spell our words-wlle every
one, acquainted with English books knows
that even this partial alphabet is applied to
spelling in very arbitrary manner. An
alphabet called phonetic, (bccausc it spells
words strictly according to their sound, has
been formed, and is now coming into use. 1t,
sound in the language, making about 40 alto
gethcr. This alphabet embraces all the &c
letters now in use except Il, q, and q, which
arc needless; while the remaining II letters
are formed from the basis of the old letters in
such way that page Of phonetic printing
bears nearly the same appearance with that of
a common (Romanic) book. For instance
the most common sound of the letter '.a'' is
that heard in scam" hence the letter 'sa'' is
confined to that sound, while for the remain
ing sounds to which the letter ''a'' is now APP
Piled, new characters consisting Of modified
forms ofthat letter have been. invented. The
same may be said of each of the other VOW
els. Likewise each consonant has particu-
lar post of duty assigned to it, care having
been taken to allot TO each, the position it has
commonly occupied; while for the offices thus
left vacant, new letters, some Of them obso-
lcte forms of those now in use, have been
devised. In using this alphabet the learner
has only to combine the sounds denoted by
The Cecil Whig. [volume] (Elkton, Md.) 1841-current, 1854-03-18
agricultural.
Directly NOurishing ingredients Of
the Atmosphere.

The atmosphere is composed chiefly of on
ygcn and nitrogen gas. 1t contains, however,
variable quantities of water. carbonic acid,
and carbonate of ammonia besides, the i'm
portance of which is worthy Of great consid-
Grafton, however triiling they may seem to be
at first sight. Wcknow by experiments that
all ofcur cultivated plants may grow and be-
come perfectly developed in a soil which does
not contain even trace of organic matter or
any other compounds of those substances,
such as carbon, hydrogen, oxygen or nitrogen,
by which organic matter is formed. Not
outstanding this fact, always new quantities
of organic compounds are formed in plants du-
ring their development, which finally reach
the enormous sum of 1914 pounds which we
take from one acre of such Il soil in the form
ola wheat crop, as we have already seen i'll
the table above. The material for the pro-
duction of this mass, of course, was furnished
by the atmosphere, it being the only medium
in direct contact with the plants, except the
soil itself, which did not contain this matcri-
al originally; and inasnllch as the principle
constituent of the atmosphere, the nitrogen,
does not partakc in any vegetable process, as
shown by many experiments, it results that
the origin of the above named substances,
which formed the organic matter of the reap
cd crop, is derived from those small quantities
of water, carbonic acid and carbonate of am
monia, which are di!iilscd through the atmos-
pheic.
BY a chemical investigation into the COM
position of plants in general, VIC find that they
are substantially composed ofproducts which
are formed by Carbon, Hydrogen and Oxy-
gen, fiat, oil, starch, gum, dextrine, Icctinc,
sugar, fiber, and husk.) Water and carbonic
acid are therefore to be considered as the great
est nourishmcnts of plants.
First, as to the assimilation of the at
mosphcric water by plants; it is beyond all
doubt that it enters into the roots of plants, in
its liquid form, after it has penetrated the
soil, and has dissolved a certain quantity of
mineral substances present in it. This is,
however, not the case with carbonc acid: in
asmuch as far the greater part of it is assimi
lated by the leaves of the plants. Direct ex-
periments made by Mulder on this subject,
have proved that the amount of rain-watcr
which annually falls upon field in cultiva-
ton, can furnish only l-50 of the amount of
carbonic acid which the plants require for
their development, on account of the little So
lubility of carbonic acid in water. The great
est part of the required amount of carbonic
The Cecil Whig. [volume] (Elkton, Md.) 1841-current, 1854-03-18

acid can not therefore, be assilniatcd by the
medium of the SOIL the assimilation rather
| takes place by the direct contact of the plant,
and the atmosphere, and this is, Of course, by
the leaves 1t has also been shown BY ex-
periments, that the greatest part of the car
bon i'll plants was assimiatcd by the leaves in
form of carbonic acid, and that the ca,bonic
acid ditliuscd through the atmosphere is pres
ent in such quantities as to render any other
means for its supply unnecessary. Its con-
sumption 10y plants is also quite proportion
ate to its restoration, owing to the SLOW de-
composition Of vegetable matter.
Besides the organic compounds, consisting
ofcarbon, hydrogen and oxygen, which we
find in plants and which constitute their pl.n.
cipal mass, another series of compounds i,
produced by plants, which, by the addition
nitrogen, consist of four elementary con-
stitucnts (albumen, gluten, casein.) The
quantity of these heterogeneous compounds is
far less than that Of the former; their presence
rs, however, most essential, and as they ap-
pear especially in grains, seeds or fruits, their
perfect Development is that which the ration
al husbandman is, before all Others dcsirous
of obtaining by labor. Direct experiments
have proved that the nitrogen ortha atmos-
phere is not assimilated by plants, and that
the only form in which nitrogen can cntc,
into the vegetable system, is that Of ammonia
or OF anmoniacal salts, most especially Of car
Donate of ammonia, which is the product of
the decomposition Of animal and vegetable
bodies. We have seen above that the atm.%,-
phcre contains ptopoNionatcly very small
quantity oil carbonate CT ammonia, which is
varying ono on account ofthc soubilitv Of
carbonate ofaInnona in water, and Iicbc@
has calculated that the rain water furnishes u
sufficient supply Of it fer plants. But not
withstandins this fact, The rational husband
man knows in spite OF it that the atmosphere
will not offer him that supply CT ammonia
which his crops needs, and that he must take
care torother means to makeup fora deiicicn
cy: and as the manner Of the assimilation Of
nitrogen seems to he especially by means Of
an ammoniacal solution entering into the roots
of plants, it is his great cndcavor to apply am
moniacal manures to his soil The excellent
effect Of ammoniacal manurcs on almost all
soils, proves, however, merely that quicker,
development ofthe plants is produced by it,
than that an absolute deficiency of ammonia
was compensated, certainly 4 matter which
is Of great Importance to the farmer.
Hggjls' Report.
The Cecil Whig. [volume] (Elkton, Md.) 1841-current, 1854-03-18

her story, as with a sigh of fatigue she rested
her head npon my shoulder saying:
'"Lifcs iitful dream" is well nigh over-I
shall soon be at rest But am content. Tho
dream of life has been troubled dream to
me, yet it matters not, so the waking in an.
other wcrld be pcaccful-bc joyful; and be-
licvc it will. DO not weep when you lay me
in the grave; rather rejoice that llc's journey
ended so soon. All, my grave will be so far
from llcnry's! IT'S foolish. but would, you
c. I'D lay me bcsr him And the tears rolled
over her pale checks.
\ week later. All is over. Mary is at rest.
Last evening she lay upon the loungeand con-
vcrscd chcerfully with Mrs. NJ. and myself
She thanked the former for all the kindness
To me she said:
Maggie, cut one of those ringcts'
did as she desired; she gave the curl to me
saying:
Give him, (mcaning Arthur this Maggie,
and say:
'She longcd to see thee ere she died: she
would fain havc knclt at thy feet and prayed
-.iorgirc me- Tell him, Maggie, to forget
his anger against his brother. Bid him look
upon our son Arthu,-(hc would call him
thus and forgive the wrong we did him.
Tell him that his name was the last upon his
brothers. lips-tcll him.
spasm seized her, and She never spoke
again.
-Adicu dear Bel, Ad;cu.
(Io he CoatiauN.)
The Cecil Whig. [volume] (Elkton, Md.) 1841-current, 1854-03-18

EMANCIPATION IN AUsTRIA.-Thc Augs.
burg Gazette announces that the Emperor Of
Austria has definitely signed the decree con-
summating the emancipation of the pcasantry
in Bohemia, Moravia, Hungary, Scrvia, the
Banat, and the Waiewodina, from all statute
or service labor hther TO paid to the nobcman
or original owner of the soil. The decree pre-
scribcs that the peasant shall receive a farm,
with the necessary buildings on it, as his own
property The worth oft is valued, leaving
the peasant to pay it on easy terms, which
are settled bya special commission formed to
mediate in the matter between the mobiles and
pcasantry. Incomplete as this emancipation
may be, it assures independence to the poo
pie, sewers all ties between the master and
peasant, and redcems the latter from the ex-
tortions md rights If arbitrary election hith-
erto exercised by the former. The value of
the homestead once paid, the peasant is free
and wholly independent master of his land
time and labor.
The Cecil Whig. [volume] (Elkton, Md.) 1841-current, 1854-03-18

The LARGEST CANNON IN THE WorLD.-
Amid the objects of curiosity rras rived at
Bcjapoor is a large gun, fc.racd of Il mixed
metal, of which there is said TO be some por-
ton of gold; and Il very considerable quantity
Of silver. The weight is forty tons, and it is
allowed to be the largest piece of ordnance of
the same description in the world. This
splendid gun was the work Of Chulcby Koomv
Khan, an officer in the service Of Hoossein
Nizam Shae, at Ahmudnuggcr. The mould
in which it was cast is still in existence. and
lies neglected in the garden Of the tomb of
the founder, which has been converted into
quarters for an English officer This gun is
supposed to have been taken in 1862, by Ally
Adil Shah; and many persons WHO visit Bcja.
poor, regret that such splendid specimen Of
the art Of cannon founding in India, at the
distance Of three hundred years, should be
allowed to remain neglected on the dlapidat-
ed walls of city so little known as BrjApoor,
instead of being placed in some conspicuous
situation in England, where it would attract
the admiration Of the whole of Europe. Otl.-
ers are Of opinion that We should commit an
act more worthy of despot than generous
conqucror, in adjoining our capital with the
spoils of foreign countries; and are better
pleased that the gun should remain surround
ed by buildings cocval with itself and asso-
ciatcd with its history. There o., he no. Doubt
,h,t .,o , .,,,:.n.-.,
'' WV 0'' " WHO s' "oui'' '''i'''' 'he uctP-
est sorrow and modification upon the native
inhabitants of Bcjapoor, who, both Moslem
and Hindoo. annroacb if with prcot reverence
no,inn ,,,,ost I;,.;no ho,o. 70 ,,n,,o, ,,.,;a,
i' no "''' ". '''o ''0''. w P'"e' ".ei
inspires them win awe ana Veueratlon. 1t is
styiea Munck III Meldau, sovereign OF the
pam; ana Lnghsh oIlccrs visiting BcJ"poer
nave seen WIN surprise the natives advance
towards IL win joined hands. ana devotion IN
tneir couhtehahceS. ohc OF these gentlemen
observed, that while flowers were strewed On
lhe pore, Inc lore part OF the muzZ.c was
smeared with cinneDar and OIL, and there were
marks as well as odors OF lately burned per-
tunes, Which plainly indicated that an oAcr-
ing had been made to the spirit residing i'll
the warlike shrine. The gun is enriched with
inscriptions and devices, in ford style which
characteristics oriental embellishments OF this
nature; the portions not thus ornamcntcd pre-
sent surface so smooth and polished as to
be absolutely slippery; and the SonolouS sound
Of the metal proves the large portion Of silver
of which it is composed.
1t is common practice among young Euro
pean officers, to effect an entrance through tho
mouth of this enormous piece Of ordnance, the
int rior being furnished with seat for their
accommodation; it will contain five persons
The Cecil Whig. [volume] (Elkton, Md.) 1841-current, 1854-03-18

CoINAGE.-From the Parliamentary return
of the English Mint it appears that the total
coinage of the three minis of England, France
and the United States in 1853 was EDS, 1885,
S3l, which amount has all been absorbed by
the increase of trade.
The Cecil Whig. [volume] (Elkton, Md.) 1841-current, 1854-03-18

0DTLarse tlocks Of wild geese passed over
Harrisburg, Pa, last week.
Wheeling daily intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, Va. [W. Va.]) 1852-1859, 1854-04-15

Qua OFFICE is in slate. of confusion incident
upon moving. job which IN our case involves, III
llltO on to the usual Trouble of moving printing
oice. The moving OF the heavy and complicat, d
machinery OF steam press. engine. &c. We shall
in few days be located i'll the large new buiEIing
Of Mr.. M'Afee, corner of Main aad Quincy streets,
oae square from our present. location, one square
iFom The Post Office and one square from tue Rail-
road depot. We will then, we hatter ourselves,
have one Of the largest and best arranged printing
Establishments in the West. Our printers, who
Ate hard TO beat, say that they think they can
move without losing a single issue of our paper.
Which We hope may be the case. The ditot and
The paper, however, may suffer little in the
mean time, for winch we ask the indulgence OF
our readrrs.
Wheeling daily intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, Va. [W. Va.]) 1852-1859, 1854-04-15

l. o. o. F.-The annual meeting of the Grand
lodge OF Virginia commenced at their fine Hall o..
Fiaakltn street., Richmond, on Monday, aud prob
ably clio ed The next day. a large number of Del
egates from the different Lodges throughout the
Stale are in attendance. The Grand Master, II.
n GALLAnER. Esq, (edltor Ct the Virginia Free
PFsss') was present as presiding officer. In his
oTenng address lie congratulated the Brethren up
on the prosperity of the Order and upon the adj
Vancen ent made in the dissemination of :lle
PFIHciples Benevolence and Philanthropy. which
axe the foundation stones of the temple OF the In,
stniion; and referred in feeling Terms to the de-tE
Of Grand Secretary DAVID H. Rem since the last
annual meeting. There are now over one hun
lied Lodges in the State.
Wheeling daily intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, Va. [W. Va.]) 1852-1859, 1854-04-15
ARRIVAL OF THE AMERICA


Halifax, April III Tie America arrived tLis
morning.
1t is reported that Austria is inclined iowa rtls
the western powers, this report coupled with the
rise in English consuls caused rally at Bourse;
thTeeS closed nj 62a6o, after the regular hours
more done at 62aSi, halls 83a9O. The failure Of
Leroy de Chsrrott & Co., bankers at PARIS, is re-
ported. Liabilities considerable.
VIGHSA,--Frday-A dispatch just received an
noumces that on the 2Slh the Russians attacked
kalafat aud took redoubts.
The rupture between Greece and the Sultan is
complete.
Tie Austrian Bank, OH Thursday, declined TO
advance the government hard cash on securities
OF State domains.
CoNsTA NTIXOPLE, 20lh.--The steamers RelrLu
ton n d Cation lave returned from the mouth OF
the Danube, without succeeding in freeing II
from the distractions placed there by the II sSans
LoNDoN,--Snturday morning--'rhe debates in
Parliament on tie address of the Queen vely
lengthy. War was formerly proclaimed yesterday
at the Royal exchange Of civil auLhorileH.
LIVERPOOL lOth-Satur1ay notwithstanding
important telegraphei this MOI ming. report
that Napier took Russian [rigate is cOnlrallcted
also the report that Russian ship had been seized
at Waterford, ana the crew taken prisoners of war.
The five articles of the Tiipartrite Treaty are:
FITSl, England and France engaged TO support
Turkey by force OF arms, until the conclusion OF
peace that shall secure independence nd integTi.
tY 10 the Sultan'S dominions. Second, the Porte
shall not conclude peace without the consent Of
Turkish Teritcrie after the war. Fourth, this
treaty open for adhesion by other pow ers
of Europe. Fifth, Turkey guarantees 10 all sub
jects of the Porte, without distinction OF creed
perfect equality in law. In the meanwhile the
campaign is 10 be begun in earnest.
The Russians have crossed the Danube in great
numbers 10 strike cisive blow before the arri-
val of tie Anglo. French fnrce
On TIE 23d GorSchikuT crossed the Danube
above Lulska and captured guns and 200 pris-
oners, and occupied Lulska and several forts OH
the hight bank.
Gen udeis crossed with the main body from
Gaaiz without much loss. There is now full
$4,000 Russians on the right bank.
On the 23d Gen. LADDERS commenced preparations
for siege OF MaScInm.
On the ODD the russians attempted 10 cross the
Danube al Oleneiz. a desperate battle ensucd
IN which the russians were r pulsed. The rn-
age dreadful; 5000 Russians killed. The
Turks were badly cut up they had to retire from
their entertainments.
Omar Pncha had intended an attack upon the
Russian head quarters at Haganna. The plan oil
battle was drawn up and the entire force put un-
der marching orders.
Cotton was oppressed throughout the week and
prices Irregular, ranging 10 below the rates by
| the Europa. Bteadsiuls firm, prices advancing
Daunisom quotes We'trrn taual flour at 3ea3S6d
Philadelphia, Baltimore and Ohio DO. al from 36s
| Cd to 39S.
Wheat advanced in some cases lSt, an average
advance Is. Cora advanced As. above the Euro
pas quotations. Money is tighter. Consols de
| ciined 10 S5i.
Wheeling daily intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, Va. [W. Va.]) 1852-1859, 1854-04-15

Tue Pass AND IELEGRAPMIc REroKrs.-A Mr..
Thatcher sued Horace Greeley and others to re-
cover damages for alleged iLelluus pu utilization
which Appealed in The New York Tribune as tel
egraphic communication from Boston, and the case
came before the SherT and jury on Wednesday.
The defendants suffered judgment to 90 by detau,
ana l'e SherIIfS jury assessed tile damages al six
hon!Eed and fifty dollars. 1t is said that there are
DINER suits pending against the daily press of New
YORK for similar error; of The telrgraphlc wires.
TeIegropmc reporters :md operators will please
take note Of this important decision.
Wheeling daily intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, Va. [W. Va.]) 1852-1859, 1854-04-15
RIVER nnIpoRrs

sSSSSNFlSH-.Per Steamer Stephen BayarG.---
~ Vest, IS SKIS Corn; Il Mathews bills Mo-
,-ses; Crnngle & Co, hhds Tobacco; S b Ar
!20 hbls Molasses, half do, 1872 bbs c & P
p.eti Lockwood& Davenport. ~ hhds Tobacco;
ots'y Little, 1000 Spokes. 100 FelloeS.
CINCINNATI Per Steamer Buckeye Stste.-
V%Sane q Cowgirl, 81 firkins Butter, 20n bbls
So a'sky' R Morrow, tres Meat; Jno ChryslaI,
-; -, hides; Pryor. Clark & Co, 80 rolls leather;
~ bos Flour; G Robinson, 20 bdls Rags.
n LOCISvILLE.-Ptr steamer Sam Sno,1den-
SS0ane 4 Cowgill. So fierce hams, hid do; b F
rSa,ce \ Co, rs ties hams; H Stout & Co so do;
Wheeling daily intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, Va. [W. Va.]) 1852-1859, 1854-04-15
No. I, Sprigg House Emporium!
CLOTHS, CAsslMEREs AND yESTINGs!
Ne.v Spring nnd Simmer @ ood..

New Spring mud Summer G Gods!
1hh pleasure Ia being able to say my Gust M
eTs and tile lasIuonab bic Community, that have Just
returned from New York, and been procure
The most Fashionable Goods for that the great
Emp0i Ium, New York, import from France and the
i eOmtTes and havGS dispensed the sale OF com.
mon clothing, gives more and TING attend
The wants OF my customers In fashionable way Ny
ne" stock now consists OF
BLACK, BROWN, GREEN, blue, OLIVE AxD
DALIIIA CLOTHS.
Also SILK and shine Iets, all shades and coloTs
hoDazlhc, diapitcr summer Cloths linen grass cloths
&c, for making ITock, dress, sack business
French, English aud icaM cussime res; Also ducks
linen drlIGs, &C. for making Innis AS 10 VeSingS,
have the MOS beautiful selection looked any CT.
~ all o! which prepared TO up in the most
In hinlob bic and best Stye as have Ir RUssHL
services cutter The coming season. certain in
Sayls that can furnish better cloths ny west
vi the Allegheny mountains.
In connection with tile above have beautiful asso t.
lhen Furnishing Goods all fire. sonabte aud fash
lnnabe, consisting OF CLOTH cashmere, Casheret bonn
haLine grass linen, dIaht and plain linen, flock dress
and business coats, pants, tie most
fashionable and seasonabc Goods, great variety; also
lihen and cotton SHIRTS, SILK, lii lambs
ion undeTshiris and Drawers cayats. stocks, collars
gloves and SIspcnIcrs.
Hosiery in great Variety ALSO every other article suit
abb: Tor completing sentenanS wal drube.
All tile above named articles, her wi other
articles that lie found my store, No Spgg ouxe
Please calf in aud take look, and much Obse yours.
m2l s. RICE
Wheeling daily intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, Va. [W. Va.]) 1852-1859, 1854-04-15
Adams u CO.'S Package tixpress
EMIGRANT PASSAGE.
Foreign Exchange and Expreas Agen'

1l1-CIIslH5s hGPIe55 Ia8EnCyI
ADAMS X CO.'S EXPRESS OFFICE,
Mcclure House, Wheeling.
NHE undcrsi he'd is sole AGENT, in this Ci- xSa7
tys for the sale OF passenger cert fcates @EtSst
for engrans by the 'OId Black Starr line OF Liverpool
and New York packets.
These s'iS regular packets, making the passage
half the time OF Ordinary sailing The
Steerase passengers limtsd and there is danger
lab C.
we bills OF exchange drawn at sight for any amount,
payable at Bank town in England, Ireland,
Scotland
Persons who W sh to remit money 10 their frienIs or
bring le out from the ''od COunry,' will he supplied
with the drafts and tickets at the lowest rate.
ausIjti n. PIGMAS, Agent
Wheeling daily intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, Va. [W. Va.]) 1852-1859, 1854-04-15

Ma. MEsGmEE, the Irish Refugee. has written
le,ettO busy body who attempted TO draw him
inlo slavery" avowal. saying that when he be-
comes, according to his declaration of intention,
sn American citizen, he will be prepared 10 speak
AMI ACT as such upon all questions of pub bic policy
Al present. however, lie says he does not recognise
the right Of any one to demand of INN an express
sloa o cPia'on upon any'pubIic matter.