The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1854-09-24

tains. especially on the northern side, are oak,
beech elms, popIars. lime trees naples, ash,
and pines (piuus msritima)
OF late, great affection has been paid to the
cultivation Of the vine, Of which Pallas emu
merates twenty-four kinds But though many
OF these grapes are good, the wine is still much
inf rior to that which is produced In Hungary
and France. The camel with two punches is
more numerous than is COMMONLY supposed;
there are several thousands OF them. Great
attention is paid by the Tartarian nobiemen TO
the breeding of horses, and they are OF good
kind These Of the mountainous districts are
small, but uncommoniy hardy aud sure footed.
The horned cattle are of middling size in the
plains, and small in the mountains. There are
three varieties of sheep, all of which have
long tail, which for half its length is overgrown
with fat and covered with coarse wool. One
variety, which pastures on the plain lying
along the Black Sea between Koslof and Pere-
cop, produces the celebrated Crimean lamb
SKINS, Of which more than 80 900 are sometimes
annually exported to Poland and Germany. OF
black lamb skins more than $4,000 or 60 900
are annually exported. The mountain sheep
are smaller, but celebrated for their soft fine
wool.
Surgeons are taken on the shores of the Sea
of Azof ia the straits of Yenkale. and in the Bay
of Kafa- Caviar is made, and also a little ism
glass. Salt, which is the only mineral that is
abundant, is found at the bottom of the salt
lakes during the summer heat. Besides the salt
lakes on the plain, there are some others on
the eastern peninsula. Salt in great quantities
is exported to Southern Russia. and much is
also shipped TO Anatolia and Turkey from the
ports of Kertsb Kaffa, and Koloff.
The population of the Crimea falls somewhat
short Of 100000. More than two thirds Of its
inhabitants are a mixture ofMcnguls and Turks,
and are Gale d Tartars, Those who live on the
plain show in their features their Tartar origin;
hut those in the nothern valley, display o
strong mixture of Turkish blood, especially
the noblemen (murses), in whom the Tartar
features are entirely oblterated. Besides the
Tartars different other nations are found, Rus
slams and Germans, who have Deen transplanted
in modern times as colOnists, and Greeks. who
always seem to have formed a portion of the
population, but have considerably increased in
latter times.
In the interior at the northern extremity of
the hilly country, is the town Of Simperferopol,
sources Of the river Salgbyr, with 5000 inhabi-
tants, and that of Karasubazar, with $500 in
habitants, and some manufactures of morocco
and leather. In the mountains is the town of
Baltchssarai, the ancient residence of the Khan.
The most frequented harbors are on the
southwestern coast. Koslow or Eupatoria, with
1000 Inhabitants, mostly Tartars and Jews,
and fine mosque, exports salt to Anatolia and
Turkey. Sebastopol, formerly Akthiar, with
5000 inhabitants, is station of ships of war.
On the southeastern coast is Balaklava, with
fine harbor, between high mountains, which,
however, is not much used, and Kaffa. On the
straits of Yeniksle is Kertsh or Kiertsh, thriv-
ing place, with more than 1000 inhabitants.
1t exports SALT sailed fish, and caviar. Ia its
neighborhood are the extensive ruins Of the
ancient town of Panticapeum, once the resi-
dence of Mithridates. Yenikale, at the en-
trance OF the strait, is small fortress with GOO
inhabitants. The fortress Of Perecop, on the
isthmus, has 800 inhabitants.
Manufacturing industry is confined to the
preparation of leather and moroccoin Baktchis-
sarai Karasubazar and Koslof, and to cutlery
and sadlers' and shoemakers' work at Baktchis-
sarai In some places coarse earthenWare is
made. The Greeks in the neighborhood of
Katia extract soda from some saline plants.
The chief exports of the Crin,ea by sea are
salt, wheat, soda, butter, and hides; the imports,
raw and manufactured cotton Of different kinds,
silk stus of various patterns, and in the eastern
fashion; wines of the Archipelago and the
straits Of Constantinople; brandy, Turkish leaf
tobacco, and variety of fresh and dried fruits.
To Russia are sent, chiefly by the way of Pere-
cop, salt, grey and black lambskins, Sleeps
and bullocks' hides, wool, camels' hair, leather,
hare skins, wines, walnuts, fruits, together with
the dry fruits imported from othsr parts, and
fish. The imports are graiu, provisions, iron,
and different manufactured goods of Russia.
The Greeks became early acquainted with
this peninsula, probably soon after the Ionian
Greeks, and especially the inhabitants of Mile
tus, had begun to form settlements on the
northern shores of Asia Minor. about six GEN.
tnries before the Christian era. PanticapIum
is called by Strabo q colony of the Milesians.
Besides this place they built Theodosia, now
Feodosio or Kaffa, and some other places on
the peninsula, forming the west side of the
strait Of Yenikale. They preferred this part
Of the peninsula, from its containing large
tract fit for agriculture, and producing very
rich crops-Strabo says thirty times the seed.
1t was at one time considered the granery of
Greece, especially of Athens, whose territory
being Of small extent and of Indifferent fertili-
ty, was unable to maintain its great population
by its own produce. At one time Athens an
nually imported upon the Crimea between
three and four hundred thousand medimni Of
grain, as Demosthenes informs us in his ora
ton against Leptines &c. 81. Strabo says that
in one year the Athenians received 100000
mediTni from Theodosia; but the text is evil
IDENTIFY corrupt.
Fne Debased Condition OF the British Army.
From the London Times, Sept. O.
Il there wero any consonance between the pro-
fession and practice Of the Horse Guards, Mr. Perry
would at this momeut have been acquitted, Mr..
Greer have been summarily dismissed from the
Queens service, Lieutenant waldy be lying under ON
indictment for perjury, and Colonel Garret. be
brought before suitable tribunal to answer for his
conduct since he has been In command of the 46th
RI giment. Nothing can be more excellent than the
spirit Of Lord Haidi, ges o. ers Let Young officers
act as he recommends, and they will DO creditabls
servants Of the public. Let Lord Hsrdinge abide by
them, and he win be . very good Commander-in-
Chief We subscribe most entirely - his theories,
and can only wonder at ths frat man practically
to set them at Defiance has been the Commander
inC Chief himself For the moment we will ad.
dress ourselves rather to the general bearing
OF the case as affects the British army than
to the individual instance Of Mr.. Perry. It
Is, however, right that Lord Hardinge should
be told, and that his royal mistress should
clearly understand, that the outrage perpetrated
on this young officer in defiance OF justice
and common senee has had for effect upon the