The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1854-05-08

captures was stipulated and TIE prncipie was re,
peated that 'fee ships shall assun> tne lreeao'n 81
merchandise excepting contrabaad orS o wo
should include only wGrke and Min, "y s'oics'
The injurious DEGREES were repealed. ,..o,m
The encroachments of England having ntt.ciy
somewhat annoyed the commerce of the Non. pern
Powers, especially o. Sweden, the Emperor OF n. ,
sia and the King Of Sweden in August 1900 notiaed
the other Northern courts of their intention .sto
restore in its full independence the general right OF
all nations to convey their ships and merchandise
freely without being subject to the control of the
powers at war" In December these two powers COM
pleted their convention reviving the Armed Neutral-
ty essentially the same principles those of 1850.
The right of search was denied, and contraband
goods limited to arms, ammunition and horse fuI1i-
ture. This conventionwas to be the basis of sys-
tenn for the protection of all the neutral nations of
Europe, who were invited to become members of
the league. Denmark and Prussia, the other
Baltic powers, readily acceded to the confederation
A few months after this the treaty of Amens put
period to the war; In the of the year 1901
the British ministry, reversing its previous claims and
practices declared land the Admiralty decided in full
comic unity that neutras did possess the privilege
of importing to their respective countries the pro-
duce of colony belonging to an enemy OF Britain
and of their re-exporting it to the enemy herself
Thus the war closed with reracton of the princi-
pie with which it had been opened-a principle, in
deed, quite as often retracted as asserted by
England--and the government and mercantile popu-
ation OF the United States attered themselves that
great cause OF mischief was forever removed.
CHAPTER Nv.
The Great War Of Napoleon, lS03-l5-Unted States, the
Carriers Of Europe-Moderation Of the British at First
Neutral Trade Denounced in 1905 az Var in Dis.
9uise," and ARacked-Great Paper Blockade Of her
Enemies Coasts-Berlin Decree-Our Natural Aaianc
scih NopoIeon-Aadison's Reriep Of English Preten.
sion-Aonroe 7reatyBrttish Orders in Council Against
Neutrals, lso7-Chesapsase A6air-Napoleon Extends
systento all Neutrals-Portu9al Repudates IVA
Upon Her England Keeps Open the Baltic-Ailan De-
eree-Emtaygo Laid by the United States.
After mere breathing time, the bloody banner
was again. in July 1903, unfurled, and the war con-
tinued to extend until, besides the great arch
miles, were successfully involved Spain, Italy, the
Netherlands, Prussia, Austria, Russia, Portugal,
the lesser German States, and even Denmark and
Sweden. Not single neutral was left in Christian
Europe. The Mussuman, now enjoying his share
of the luxury, took his very lonesome sesta unable
to comprehend the cause of the commotion and
swore by the beard of the Prophet that it would be
dangerous for him to venture into the ring.
At the outset. when the beligerents were few, and
the neutras many, England with the old desires in
her heart, but the fear of an armed neutrality-a
vision that had twice disturbed her in her mind
put forth her claims with regard to search and
seizure with much moderation and respect for the
rights Of neutrality. No more trouble thought the
selfgratuatng traders and politicians of the United
States. Send out your ships, all you have, and
build as fast as you can. This is great war, and
you will have great deal of carrying to do in con-
sequence Of it. As of former times Europe must
receive her colonial produce and return her manu-
features to the colonies, and we shall have the
greater part of that business 10 perform. It was So
We became almost the entire carriers for France,
Holland, and Spain. Our own produce was in great
demand also, not only in all the West India Islands,
but in different countries of Europe, and the war
progressed the demand increased. We were getting
rich, there was no mistake. We should soon be
very rich if the ability Of Europe to purchase should
continue; and we believed the British principle Of
1901, Mr.. Pickering would have called it, the
exception to q universal rule" was to last for
ever
1t was on that precise point we were mistaken.
The principle was but areaxation Of another princi-
pie, which it contradicted however, full and plump.
What one principle called black the other principle
assumed to be white. But black and white being
both colors one principle was as good Us the other
So, of a sudden, when Europe had got pretty well
" small by degrees and beautifully less" and when
the neutrals left in Europe had become pretty
thoroughly impressed with the dread Of Napoleon's
terrific progress toward continental dominion,
the sharpened optics of England made dis
covcry. The trade Of the United States az
forded assistance to her enemies therefore the trade
Of the Usited States, or rather neutral trade, was
nothing more nor less than War in Disguise"
;r1u cf;c 1ou hos
Judge ofwar in Disguise and certain it is she didhe
self resort Immediately to real war in Disguise, in
the suppression of the assumed one. It suddenly
in the early part Of 1906 that the ofentombed and
oft-resurected rule Of seventeen hundred and fifty
six vomited from its grave, as fit spirit to in
tensiy the horrors of the general confusion, and to
hasten the acme Of the worst COMPOUNDED.
1t came in the same mode in which fox is accus-
toned to introduce his presence in the midst Of an
unsuspectng barnyard community-as suddenly
possible and Of course its appearance created quite
q sensation, as in the parallel There great
surprise on American quarter-decks, and great
CONSERVATION in American counting rooms, and
every body was soon convinced that q very material
change had occurred in our prospects. We should
never get very rich under system like this.
England was not just now much afraid of war on
the part of the United States. She knew the navy
raised by John Adams against France had been dis
manted by Tom jefferson, whose reforming zeal
had substituted the brilliant device of national de-
fence by dry docks and gun-boats. She had herself
attained complete control of the ocean, having an
initiated the combined navies Of France and Spain,
a. knew she could easily drive back or extirpate
the swarms of United States privateers should they
venture to issue forth against her commerce As
she had perfected a system OF blockades without
Ships she could spare as large portion Of her fleet
from Europe would be necessary for any opera
tons against the United States. They could gain
assistance from the French, whose Of victory
on the land could not compensate the loss Of the
ocean. The remembrance Of former submissions,
too encouraged her, and as Washington and
the stern Adams had quailed before her, she
felt very little respect for the martial spirit Of