Daily national era. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1854, 1854-06-10

oyoving the breed Of cattle. Special schools
have also been founded 10 teach horticulture
the management OF silk-worms and OF thu
vine. of potatoes, and tobacco. The young
peasants who have proved their proficiency
are promoted to superintendent OF mode
farms in their native villages.
Small village hacks have also been founded
! by the cantonal administrations where the
/ peasants receive advances, to enable them Il
| complete their ope, atoms before harvest
There are also savings banks. The villages
have been architecturally improved, as well as
the bridges by the Government. Civil cngi-
ncers are rent to the communes and cantons,
who give their advice gratuitously TO the peas
ants, il they desire to improve their cottages,
Timber is given to them from the Crown Tor
ests To guard against famine local granarics
are established in each commune, and each
communist must contribute his portion, This
amounts in periods of eight years, TO two
tsohetwerts of corn to be deposited by each
family. Central granaries are established ON
all the points which offer the readiest commu-
noations with different parts of the empire,
generally at the confluence Of rivers.
This great reform is entirely due to the EN-
reror Nicholas. Nothing can Justify serfdom
tut there is merit in mitigating its horrors
The Gar has shown an example to his nobility
ard ha risked his throne and life in the at
tempt Long years must elapec before these
en-. ghtened measures produce all the good
that will ultimately be realized; but the edu-
eaten Of the peasants must gradually infuTe
into them love Of liberty; and r. the contrast
becomes more striking between those who be-
long 10 the Crown, and those who belong to
individuals, the dread of revolt may induce the
nobility to surrender their usurped privileges
TO Il certain extent, it il true that tho serf
does not desire freedom. Tho fields and gar
drns that he cutivatce the house which shell
tiers him against the severity of the climate, do
nat belong to him. But if he possesses moth
Ing, IL be owes the sweat Of his brow to his
master, the master owes to him seed corn when
the harvest fails beasts Of burden when MUIR
rain DESTROYS his cattle, a new house when the
old one is burned. Were the peasants Free
they would become farmers, and till the soil
at their own risk AS SORTS, they have no care
for the futore, and seem to have little moral
elevation, because they are grossly ignorant
and brutal zed by habit; but degraded as they
ara, they are not insepsibie to the generous
efforts made by Nicholas for their welfare
Indeed, the peasants love him as father, and
over them he exercises unbounded influence
We reserve for another and concluding arti
Gle OF this series an accornt of the seris in re-
lation to the trade of towns, which ID cnriously
combined with agricultural pursuits Bat here
va may be permitted to express hope that
the Abolitons.s in the United States will not
allow despotic Russia to surtass q republican
nation in at least modifying the crueties Of the
system. What il here written is little known,
and may we'll surprise many who have not
studied the inner movements of Russian Gov
eminent 1t is plain, however, that the peas
ants are in far superior condition to the slaves
in the Southern States; they cannot be sold
separately from the lands on which they live,
and, under the communistic organic .tion, thoy
enjoy a considerable degree Of self government.
Az an Engl,shman, | am shocked at the re-
proachcs which Russia, nutocrat'c Russia, can
cast upon the United States; and were | an
American, would spare no effort to wipe out
the foul stain. J. ID.
London, May IL, 1854.