Cooper's Clarksburg register. [volume] (Clarksburg, Va. [W. Va.]) 1851-1861, 1854-04-12

OF evils that never Ucccurred .-..
WARS BETWEEN TURKEY AND
RUSSIA---THEIR CAUSES AND RE-
....- SUITS. .... ........-.- ... 90,
1t is but two centuries since the frst
regular wars were waged between the
Turks and Russians. Long prior to this
period two powers had filled Europe by
turns, with terror-the MongOls and the
Turks. The Mongols, under Ghengis
Kahan and SUCCESSORS, sallyiDg forth from
their seat of power in Northern Asia, de-
stroyed what civilization there was in
Russia, waged war with Japan, and
overran Poland and Hungary. The
Turks, animated by religious fanaticism
and passion for glory, became in like
manner. the terror of Europe. While
this barbarous desolation was going on,
Russia was scarcely heard Of. 1t was an
unknown word to Europe. Its history
until the elevation of the house of Roma
now, (I6I3) is little less than that Of in
testine war and anarchy When this
house began to reign. Russia began TO be
power; and it was when France, in the
renowned reign Of Louis XVI, was the
prominent in Europe, that Russia,
under successive czars, made herself
felt in its destinies. At this time the
once formidable Turkish Empire, in the
prohigacy of its court, the rcbellions of
its governors, the enervation Of its peo-
pie, and the assumption of its Janizaries,
cvinced pressages of decline and hence,
all the contests between Russia and
Turkey have been between a growing,
vigorous people, and decaying and en-
ervated power.
FROM 1871 TO THE PEACE OF CARoLwITz,
1898.
Prior to 1867, Russia did not border
on Turkey. PuGendorf, who wrote about
this time, remarks in his short notice OF
Muscovv''-"The Turks do not imme-
diatcly border on Muscovy, but by the
country of the Grim Tartars, who, being
the vassals of the Turks, they make use
of them like their hunting dogs" The
great political object of Russia, he states,
was to prevent the Turks from conquer
ing Ukarinc, and thus prevent the in
roads Of the Tartars and he says that
the Muscovites had not appeared at any
general treaties. At that period, in
which the great Sobieska acted, the
Turks threatened Europe and beseged
Vienna. Russia, in 1867, obtained from
Poland the cession of a portion of the
Ukraine on the Dneper. which brought
Muscovy into immediate contact with
Turkey. This led to the first regular wal
between Russia and Turkey, in 1867
which terminated in 1881. No perma
nenL changes arose out of this war. Ii
1897, an alliance was formed between
Russia and Poland, and an immense ar
my was sent to conquer Crimea, which
was not successful; but when Peter the
Great became sole master of Russia II
1689, the Russians made many con-
quests, the most important of which wa:
the capture OF Azoph in 1896. We have
before us Hague newspaper Of that pc
riod. 1t was in 1896, that Russia begar
to make noise in Europe. The "Month
Iy Mercury" of September says-t'A
length it is agreed an all hands, that The
city of Azoph, which the Turks and Tar
tars had in vain attempted to relieve
both by sea and land, was surrendered tc
the Muscovitcs upon articles, the 28th O
July" 1t is Subscribed as town of grea
trade, especially in furs, lying not above
fifteen miles from the mouth Of the river
upon the confines of Muscovy. But tha
which makes it more considerable is, tha
it affords the MuScovites and Cossacks &
fair opportunity to become masters Of the
Euxine or Black Sea, and gives an en-
trance to the victor to penetrate as far as
ConStantinople itself. The Mercury
goes on to point the great CONSERVATION
this conquest occasoned III the latter city
and remarks that such MuScOvite success
"rcndered formidable an enemy that lad
hardly been thought worth taking notice
Of" These terrible wars were closed by
the truce of Carlowitz, Dec. 25, 1893,
which in 100 was confirmed for thirty
years. Russia retained Azoph, which it
had strongly fortified, with its dePenden.
cics, and obtained free trade on the
Black Sea; and then was first seen a
Russian navy on these waters. This
power had not yet conquered her way to
the Baltic. -.-
FROM 1898 TO TIE PEACE OF -PRUTH, I'LL.
Peter the Great was res esolutely bent on
extending Russia to the Baltic, hich
could only be done at the expense oi
Sweden, and he seized the occasion to
promote the ambitious designs of Den
mark and Ireland against Sweden and
though outwardly he protessed to be a
friend of Sweden, yet he actually Joined
{ (l699) secret league against it. In
i7OO the plans were disclosed. Then
commenced the great career OF the nor
thern hero, Charles XII. the innate JUS
lice of whose cause was first crowned with
almost incredible success. He beat the
Russians in the beginning of the war; but
in 1909 turned South. marched to the
Ukraine, fought and was beaten at Pull