davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1854-11-07
J Did you see her burnIngs A. I did; II was burn

ing an hour two after left.
0. How were the slaves landeds A. We ran into the
bushes and lsnded Them Captain Smith counted them
they landed; those who well woat freely;
those that sick carried tie whole ships
yry in charge of them 10 that they did not
away; tie man on tho lighter guided us, and told
us 10 wait there while he w-Dt UP 20 the farm;
when he was gone Captain Smith followed him. while
the captain away, three four soldiers came and
luggage carried up TO the farmhouse; don't
know what became Of the chronorcer In the box whore
the thermometer kept found this letter (he first
produced, written in Spanish, and marked No. u
when got the slaves there, people aud counted
them and took item in charge lii not know who those
people were found out afterwards. (0hectei toy
Q. Did Captain Smith tell yon who they weref A. No.
sir did not Captain Smith afterwards untl met
him AZ Mr.. Valentines Office.
n Icing three O'clock the Court adjourned until
10 o'clock this (Tuesday) morning, when the cross-cx
animation viii lie commenced.
Tie jurors, by consent, permitted to separate
after admonton from the Court not to vita
any person the subject of this trial. to read
thing In reference 10 H.
The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1854-11-07

Goodyear In the hrst special plea without sverring
any license to the defenda and says by OF
the the said agreement between Ch.ee and Goodyear
the assignment TO the plaintiff in the declaration men,
TONED, and Is wholly imperative and void. This
plea amounts to neither less than the general
issue but cannot for this only be adudgcd bad ON
general demurrer. IL presents the naked question
whether the executory agreement good consideration
without any sverments of any steps being taken the
pant Of Goodyear enforce the execution Of the same
any notice expressed implied to the Plaintiff OF the
existence thereof would Of itself make void the assign
ment OF cfee to the PLAINTIFF for valuable consider
alton The statement Of the question presents its own
sustain the demurrers 20 this plea. Upon all
these special pleas judgment must be rendered for the
plaintiff,
The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1854-11-07
Court OF General Sessions.
Before Hon. Judge Eeebc.

Nov e.-TIe November term Of the Court Of Genera
Sessions opened to-day. As quorum of grand Jurors
not present, bcy discharged until "Wednesday
morning ncNt.
Sepfenccd.Nax palhn, convicted at the last term OF
the Sessions OF having soi lot Of spurious Shredder
champagne, with counterfeit labels on the bottles was
sentenced 10y His Honor Recorder Tlou TO sixty day i'm
prisonmcnt in tie city prison.
Grand Larceny. John Webster wasindictcl and put
m1on his trial for rcbbing Hugh Iackey the 18th ~
Sentt mhorasf by taking from his person poskeiopok
containing some $500 Verdict Of guilty Sentenced 70
che State Priaon fpr two years.
The fu'e fMe pcttuegs--Tl,e District Attorney has
~ twn for rin on Thursday of this wcch tho of
Charles A. lcves,ley and brother, indicted fpr an al
tempt 10 set Gv 81 ther storage store l Front street
on the hight q tho G,A ~ JAY laa
The Couss then adjolncd % Wednesday.
The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1854-11-07

them these things we're only calculated n excite in
creased confidence the puty Of their religion in sup
port Of which they bad commended and would continue 70
contend until The end Of time. In conclusion he re-
minded his hearers their daty in contributing towards
the erection OF temples wherein the truths Of the Cos
pei might be propagated and that homage rendered 10
God which iiis due
A collection having been taken up, the congregation
were dismissed with blessing.
The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1854-11-07
The Melancholy Death or Anna Jane BIacleal

tFrom the sunday Dispatch, Nov. 81
1t Ia With feelings Of The most pogasat s,frow
that we fell ourselves called upon to record tue
death, on tuesday lest, 10 startling and most un.
expe ted manner OF ANA Jane Maclean, the Lady
whose brilliant illusions have for some time past
spanked in the columns Of the Dtspatch. We have
DO heart to recapitulate all the particulars Of the
sad affair which fully given in the daily papers,
and VII msrely say that the past few days have
tened to throw no new light upon her rash and
sudden determine lion. She sllndes, in the letter
which re publisb below, 70 severe lcts viii b she
recently sustained and this loss the pastor Of the
church to which sbs belonged states vas An amount
OF sbsut co 0O0 which she had entrusted to the care
of come perfon on the other side Of the Atlantic
this taken in connection with the other unfortunate
matter to which she max 10 &usj0n doubtlessly led
to the deplorabe result.
Our frat ibtesyseg with her took place some few
months since, when she wished TO consult rs relative
to plsy which she he'd written, entitled Eman
kore an exeu,s,ts thing in its way. which $40
had srsmatised from narrative poem u the same
name, which sfs published some years since Ia
Europe, under the distinguished patronage OF many
persons 0f bsth sexes. We pronounced the play ex-
cesnt and tried had to have 1t produced at one Of
our theatres; but although 1t wSs acknowledged to
he capital production by most Of our leading mau-
ayers, none CT them felt dAposed to give living
price tor it. Now at she is dead however, it will
no doubt be eagerly sought after should such
Prove not to be the case it will be the first time that
genius In the tomb has lacked patronage.
After cur first intervieH y, che called from time to
time at the Office with her produ tions, and al.
though she LED us IN suppose that she vas in com
Portable circumstance herself and merely wrote for
pastime, yet upol two fierent OCCASIONS she laid
before certain particulars concerning part es who
were in distress, and was highly gratifed Then We
interested ourselves in the matter Although in
vaiiebly lively and agreeable In her manners, and
somewhat loquacious when converting upon literary
subjects, she Was yet very reserved wish regard 70
her personal private affairs, and it was not till
week ago last Wednesday that we were led to sup
The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1854-11-07
The Case or DR.. Graham.
COURT OF OYER AND rERMINgR.

Before Hon. Judge Mitchell.
Nov. 6.-At the opening OF the court this morning
Mr. Clark partner OF Mr. Whiting, asked for postpone
ment Of the sentence Dr. Graham until Friday morn
ng in consequence Of the absence OF the counsel who
defended the accused.
The District Attorney did not oppose the motion, on
the understanding that the bill OF exceptions would be
settled by that time and that the counsel the other
side would accept the amendments which he would fur
nsh them tomorrow, the day after The exceptions
not very numerous, though tho evidence very
luminous.
: The Court then adjourned to Friday morning.
TO THE EDITOR OF THE HERALD.
CRY PRISON Nov. G, 1854.
SIR-I see in the HERALD Of this morning telegraphic
despatch from New Orleans, Nov 3, which says:sThe
friends Of DR. Graham here have received from
New York that Gov Seymour has promised to pardon him
that though sentenced to the State prison. he will be
released before entering the prison doorsn Permit
say that Governor Seymour has been spoken
by any friend of mine in relation 10 the matter one way
another and that believe the report to be malicious
and unqualified falsehood intended to prejudice tine
public against me- the very day my to
before the court motion for trial AMI at the
same time to njure Gov Seymour before the public in
the election which takes place to In justice
myself and truth, must ask that you win insert this
in your paper. have the honor to be- your obedent
servant, r. NJ GRAHAM.
The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1854-11-07
IMPORTANT SLAVE CASE.

~ 'I0dge, Nelson ana Bet,s presiding.

Hon Judges Nelson and Bet,s presiding.
Nov 6-Iudge Nelson announced TO the bar that all
the criminal s trial by jury would be held this
1nonth-the would be held in his absence by Judge
Belts After The criminal business disposed Of the
aw calendar would he taken up and gone through and
he hoped the bar would be ready.
In answer 10 Mr. Stoughton and Mr.. ]. T. Brady, the
Judge said that the time at which no should hear appeals
and motions would depend upon when ho got through
the law calendar.
CHARGE AGAINST cAPTArS JAMES SMITH, OF THE
BRIG JcILA MouLToN, ron ALLEGED SLAVE
TRAFFIC.
The United States against James Smith case
being called or, Dir John McEeon United States District
Attorney and Dir. Joachmson his associate, appeared
for the government. Mr.. Charles O'conor and Mr. D. f.
Dunning appeared for the accused
The indict ment contains seven counts
The first count CHARGES .ha James Smith late Of the
city Of New York and Southern dis riot OF New York,
mariner the LIST Of May, 1854 With force and arms
in place to the Jurors unknown and the coast
Africa out OF the jurisdiction Of any particular State
of the United States of America waters within the
ndmrnlty and maritime jurisdiction of this court he
the said James Smith, then aud there being of the
ships company Of certain brig called the Julia Mou
ton owned in whole or ia part by citizen or citizens of
1he United States of America whose names are TO the
Jurors unknown, did practically ana feonously forcibly
confne and detan five hundred negroes, whose names
are to the jurors also unknown 10 make slaves of the
and each Of them not having been held to service BY
the laws of either of the States Territories Of the
Amteu Slhlesl against tne peace. &c.
The second count charges that he committed such Of
fence vessel navgaed for citizen citizens of the
In tel States.
The third count charges him with aiding and abettng
In the commission of the offence.
The fourh count charges that he being citizen, on
board said vessel, did so do.
Tie fifth count charges that he received on board five
hundred negroes that had been seized foreign shore
he sixth count is for forciby bringing and carrying
laid five hundred negroes.
The seventh count is for receiving such negroes on
board such vessel
Ia.n
entitled to challenges The jurors called aud
fter seven peremptory challenges, the panel
hausted when eight jurors only had been empannele
The Court ordered additional panel Of twelve to be
&urned by the Marshal forthwith and the following gem
flemen sworn, after the exercise Of three moro
The weekly Minnesotian. [volume] (Saint Paul, Minn. Territory) 1852-1858, 1854-10-14
SHERIFF'S SALE.

EDY virtue of Writ of Execution issued out of and
- under the seal of the District Court for the
of Ramsey, i'll the territory q" Minnesota, judS
rendered In the said District Court the twenty
first day of September, A. ID. 1852, in action wherein
Henry NJ Rice is plaintiff, and Charles NJ. BanelS is de-
Pendants in favor of said plaintiff and against said defend
the of hundred and dollars and
sxtyone cents have, this eighteenth day of August,
A. ID. 1851 levied upon all the following described real
ate. viz: Lot numbered ten 00) in block numbered
twelve N2) in Guerin and Razis Addition to the town OF
St. Paul. the city of St. Paul, in the said county
Ramsey, much of the right, title and interest in the
said defendant NAV have had at time since
the twentyrst day of September, A. D. 1852 together
with the Sash AMI Blind Factory. machinery and fixtures.
thereupon and the material and lumber thereon. the said
defendant not having personal property in said
ty not exempt from execution this eighteenth day OF
August A. D. 1885, which real estate and property shall
expose SALE and sell Public Auction to the highest
bidder, for cash. at the Court House, in the city of ST.
PAM, county of Ramsey, territory aforesaid. Monday
the 18th day October, A. D. 1851 at ten O'Clock in the
forenoon of that day, the property of said defendants
much thereof may be sufficient TO asfy said
ecution, with interest and costs thereon.
A. NJ. FRlDI.EY, Sheriff.
By A. W. TULLIS, Deputy.
y. G. COOLEY. Attorney for Plaintil.
st. Paul August Is 1881. O0-6w
The weekly Minnesotian. [volume] (Saint Paul, Minn. Territory) 1852-1858, 1854-10-14
REFEREES SALE.
BENJAMIN CAMPBELL ct al. against DANIEL F.

BENJAMIN CAMPBELL ct al. against DANIEL F.
BRAWLEY ct al.
~ Office is hereby given that in pursuance of juig
of the Court above named made in this action
dated August 18th, IS5 the mOrtgaged premises herein
described will be sol at public auction TO the high
bidder at the Capitol building in St. Paul, the 9th
day October next at ten O'Clock in the forcnoOn by
OF under my direction, to wit:
Situate, lying and being in the county of Ramsey and
territory of Minnesota known and designated follows
Commencing at the southwest lot thence
tn forty feet along Roberts street, thence east one
hundred and twenyfeet 120 lots seven, six and
five, to RandaPs line, thence south forty feet, thence
west hundred and twenty feet the place of be-
ginning be the same more essas appears from Inc map
of the plat OF Roberts Randals addition TO the town o.
st. Paul in which the said premises arc situate.
Terms cash. Sale absolute.
GEO " PRESCOTT, Referee
RICE, HOLLINSHEAD & BECKER, Attorneys for pf:
Dated August 18th, 1854
The weekly Minnesotian. [volume] (Saint Paul, Minn. Territory) 1852-1858, 1854-10-14
PrODDcr & Wilcox.

Practical Surveyors and General Land Agents,
Oncc with VI Ian>on Atorney-a:-I.aw Second street
the L Land Oncc, Minneapolis, Minnesota Ter.
&STRNEYING and Plating of all descriptions done with
- accuracy Particular attention given surveying
and locating lands in the pincres and else
where in the territory Gold and land warrants
quest, investments made negotiated, collections
made and paid agencies solicited Strangers and
citizens wishing to ocate sell or purchase lands in
Nitcl TO call Claimants MAKE advantageous arrange
crty and always on hand i'll the embryo cities of
Minneapolis. st Anthony and st Paul; also, Improved
farms. rural and pine lanl> all of which the
most .Srra terms We respectfully solicit and hope
mer. IL shire cf public and prirntc trust
Aug lS,Ii)f lSw
The weekly Minnesotian. [volume] (Saint Paul, Minn. Territory) 1852-1858, 1854-10-14
Valuable Property for Sale.

In Minneapolis, at the Fails Of Saint AathOny
nFFERED for a few days only, Handsome L
~ House and Lot on Washington Avenue fye :".N
three fine lots fronting Bridge Street. the ll.L
Suspension Bridge hGif block. Fourth Street.
tn" Presbyterian Church eight acre 0tS Lake St.,
desirable residences sic lots on Prospect Avenue,
below the Fails; 100 acres beautiful prairie Gnd open
ings, adjoining town in the rear; splendid farm, with
improvements, the Mississippi near Minnc aha Falls;
also, fUe blocks at the Ferry and Steamboat Landing in
the Lower Town, &C., all promising to be very soon
ranked with the most valuable property in the Territory
and be had at low figures by applying at
PROPER WILCOX,
Surveyors and Land Agents. the [. 5. Land Office
Minneapolis. Minnesota Territory.
Aug Is, 1851 [!
The weekly Minnesotian. [volume] (Saint Paul, Minn. Territory) 1852-1858, 1854-10-14
TERRITORY OF MINNESOTA.

District Court. I'd Judicial District Ramsey County.
WILLIAM BREWSTER against JOSEPH MCCLoUD.
To Joseph NcCIOud, the ADORE named Defendant !:
NOU are hereby oned and required to the
Il complaint in this action, which are hereby
titled has been filed in Of the ERIK Of the
named court Panl,in said county Ramsey
ritory Minnesota, and copy of your
to said complaint the subscribers at their Office in St.
Paul in said county and territory within twenty days af
the service Of this summons uIon exclusive OF
the day Of such service and if you fail 10 the
said complaint within the time Aforesaid, the plaintiff in
this action will take Judgment against You for the sum
of nine hundred dollars. with interest six hundred
dollars thereof the 18th day at May, A. d. 1854 and
interest three hundred dollars thereof from the 9Th day
of June, A. ID. 1854, and costs of action.
MASTERSON & SIMONS,
Att'ys Plaintiff,
The weekly Minnesotian. [volume] (Saint Paul, Minn. Territory) 1852-1858, 1854-10-14
WARMING !

MERE is a Reaper whose name is Death; AMI since
Il one can tell when he will thrust his sickle and
cut us of from life" is the time to have Picture
taken At WhtneyeS tiallcry.-where good Dagurreo-
type be procured any other establishment the
World.
1t FACE conceded by all, that for beauty of finish
and if"-like "xres,on his pictures unsurpassed.
Always on hand good assortment of I.ockets and
Pins. plain and Fancy Cases. Call and
''That thou doest, do quickly!''
| Sept. %, 1851.
The weekly Minnesotian. [volume] (Saint Paul, Minn. Territory) 1852-1858, 1854-10-14
Millinery and Dress Making.

MFRS. +. DOVER late of Philadelphia. would resrcc-
WI fully inform the Ladies of Saint Paul and vicinity,
that she has located the ssHoIand Place, between up
and Lowe Town. where she designs keeping large
assortment of Fancy GoodS,' to which she would invite
the attention of all wishing to purchase.
She will be constantly in the receipt of sEPariS Fash
ions' and will her work be No. Ia fit
warranted in every Instance.
She is also manufacturer of s!Papier MaChe work of
every description, Ladies' and Gent cmen's Dressing
Gowns, Orders solicited and punctuay fulfilled.
Saint PauI, 1854.
The weekly Minnesotian. [volume] (Saint Paul, Minn. Territory) 1852-1858, 1854-10-14
COMM ERCIAL.
Money and EXCHANGE.

The following list of the rates at which foreign bank
notes and exchange bought and sold, is corrected
the MINSEsoTIAN daily by Mcssrs. BORUP s. CAKES,
Bankers and Exchange Dealers, ST. Paul.
Exchange New York AMI st. Louis, ..lh p cent.
Sc g Dubuque and Galena. &. s.
Eastern Exchange honght AT par for currency.
All Eastern. Ohio, Indiana, Michigan, and other west
ern currency taken at par.
ATLANTA and MACON (Georgia) taken at par.
Memphis, Tennesscc Erie and Kalamazoo; Newport
Safety Fund; Kentucky Trust Co., Covington; Conner
vile. Indiana; and Bank of Commerce, Dist. Columbia,
notes not received.
The weekly Minnesotian. [volume] (Saint Paul, Minn. Territory) 1852-1858, 1854-10-14
FRIDAY MORNING, OCTOBER -. 1854,
Election Returns.

In addition TO returns given yesterday, VIC
have received the following from TAYLOR.
Falls:
"TArLoR's FALLS, Oct IL.
EDS. MrNNEsoTIAN The election went off rs
quiet as could be expected. The usual Loco
loco appliances were used to influence the TO-
reign vote, and they succeeded The Swedes,
who have no feeling in common with that par
'y' were nevertheless brought up to vote a
ticket they had no interest in having succeed.
The vote stands as follows:
For RepresentaGre.-Tullcr W, 81; Regis
ter. d, 81
The County Officers stand as follows :-Coun-
~ COMMISSIONER. F. Morton. W. 10: =. W
Davis ID, 81. Treasurer. L. TAYLOR. W, Gl.
Judge Probate-Geo. i. Folsom. W, IS: Rich
ard Arnold, ID, "a. Surveyor--GustavusM Munich,
W. Sc: S. Y. Starkc, ID, 80. Assessors-J.
Dobney, SIS, T. Bishop, 81 Vote for County
Jail, 81: against County Jail p.
Yours in haste,
The weekly Minnesotian. [volume] (Saint Paul, Minn. Territory) 1852-1858, 1854-10-14
CATHCART & CO..

VKTOCLD call the attention of the trade throughout
w the Territory to their wholesale dcpartm en, con-
sisting of
% Bales brown shifting bales strip'd shirting,
5 bales Canton Fianne,s | DO heavy cotton duck.
5 do Brown Drilling % prs red flanues
dennis & blue drill 10 prs blue and grey flannel,
lings 20 prs white II grey do
do Bed Ticking Is prs Batting
500 assorted prints so doZ Buck gloves mitts,
- bales seamless, bags 90 prs Crash
leo dog Knitted socks
With large assortment of Threads. Hats, Caps, Wool
Yarn, COmfprterS, ETC.. etc.
Our advantages in the eastern markets, warrants MS in
saying that sell goods cheap they can be
bought Louis Chicago Gaena adding the
pc, tation call and will convince the
buyer. CATlICART Il co.
Oct. 1, 1854 law
The weekly Minnesotian. [volume] (Saint Paul, Minn. Territory) 1852-1858, 1854-10-14

Es- Two watch seals, formerly belonging to
Gen. Washington, were lately plowed up almost
at the same time-th. one. gold seal. was lost
10y his nephew, in Virginia, about seventeen
years ago; and the other. silver one. was lost
Icy himself. at the scene of Braddocks defeat
lie was wont to wear them both together. until
he lost the silver one. 10th bear his initials.
The weekly Minnesotian. [volume] (Saint Paul, Minn. Territory) 1852-1858, 1854-10-14
MILLINERY.


"AVING lately returned from New-York, wishes to
inform the Ladies' of st Paul and vicinity that
long acquaintance in that City has enabled her to pur-
a fashionable and cheaper of millinery
and Dry Goods offered in st Paul Please call and
examine for yourselves at the old stand opposite Sand
ford's Store, Third Street
MRS SUBWAY
Oct lift
The weekly Minnesotian. [volume] (Saint Paul, Minn. Territory) 1852-1858, 1854-10-14
HANFORD, TIIAYER & CO.,
WHOLESALE DEALERS IN
Clothing G. Gentlemen 6 Furnishing Goods

No. 1870 and 1872 Main Street, Corner Green,
One door below the Virginia HJe,. Saint Louis, Missouri:
"AVlNG enlarged our Store double the former siz,,
Il Il making il the largest and best arranged Clothing
Warehouse in the city, prepared to unusual
Inducements to purchasers in our line.
Our immense stock for the approaching Fail and Win
ter Trade, is Manufactured for this
and We fee Confident that merchants can find greater
variety. and styles much better adapted the Western
Trade than they will lin. in the East.
Our goods Of the Best Materials well cut and made
and warranted to tit
The largest and best stock of assorted Shirts in the
West.
Our assortment of Boys Clothing is large and conf
plete.
India Rubber and Oil Ciothing at Eastern prices.
Merchants visiting ST. Louis. particularly invited
to call and cxamin, Goods and Prices making
uheir purchases elsewhere.
HANFORD, TIIAYER & co. St. Louis, Mo.
HANFORD n BROTHER. Manufacturers, New-York
August l, 1851. ~
The weekly Minnesotian. [volume] (Saint Paul, Minn. Territory) 1852-1858, 1854-10-14
Pr0Derfu to Lease,

VALUABLE lots in the best business parts Of the city
to lease on favorable terms. Enquire at the once
Of IRVINE, STONE & MCCORMICK,
ST. Anthony ST., the Wipslow House.
ST. Paul, Aug. 30, 1854.
The weekly Minnesotian. [volume] (Saint Paul, Minn. Territory) 1852-1858, 1854-10-14

frMnn7., n THE STEAMER EXCELSIOR has I'M
LIZ der:one thorough repairs, and has been
ST. A9lGy fitted up in the best of style. She will
ES&as@s=slar continue run during the present
regular packet between ST. LOUIS ST. Paul and
intermediate ports upon the Upper Mississippi, making
trip to st. Paul every weeks.
The undersigned his sincere thanks to IN public
for the liberal patronage heretofore extended to
hopes by strict business, To merit and receive
u continuance U the same.
J. WARD, Master.
For freight or passage apply on board or to
J. II. IRWIN X co..
BASS, BDltUP 4 co.. Agents.
The weekly Minnesotian. [volume] (Saint Paul, Minn. Territory) 1852-1858, 1854-10-14
Great Excitement

A the sold STAND opposite the American House.
"A where am selling goods at Eastern prices. La
dies Dress Goods Of description assort-
ment of Zephyr Goods. Also, Ladies' FS-very cheap
Embroideries almost for nothing, other Dry Goods
too numerous TO mention. Gail and examine at
ADRIAN 6. ELFELT,
Oct 4, 1854 do: Opposite American House.
The weekly Minnesotian. [volume] (Saint Paul, Minn. Territory) 1852-1858, 1854-10-14

SINKING OF TIE MALrA.--Grfat Loss fife,
Reports from Louisville mention the sinking
of steamer Malta in the Ohio near Paducah.
on the Both ult. Onc cabin passenger, and
from twenty to thirty deck passengers were
supposed to he lost.
The weekly Minnesotian. [volume] (Saint Paul, Minn. Territory) 1852-1858, 1854-10-14
ESTRAY NOTICE.

1.-TWO hrindled Oxen broke into the enclosure Of the
l. subscriber on the Ramsey mile Saint
Pau, the st. Anthony Road, about days since
The is sed TO cali. all expenses Incurred,
and take them away, they will be proceeded against
according to law. ROBERT COATS.
nr rlt
The weekly Minnesotian. [volume] (Saint Paul, Minn. Territory) 1852-1858, 1854-10-14

ES- When bank suspends in Australia, they
take the president 10 ncighboring tree and
serve him in the same manner. \ simple rem
edy, but very eiiicacious.