davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Literary echo, and Pawcatuck advertiser. [volume] (Westerly, R.I.) 1851-1854, 1854-01-12
Medical Lighthouse.

A BOOK for every FATHER, MOTHER,
II son and DAUGHTER-Just published
and now ready for sale, by A. RANNEY, /,
No 1875 Broadway, New York.
TIE PEOPLES MEDICAL LIGHT
HOUSE-On the uses and diseases of the
Lungs, Heart, Liver, Stomach, Kidneys,
Womb and Blood Key to the Causes, Pre-
vention, Remedies, and Cure of Pulmonary
and other kinds of ..t'
SUMPTION,
Asthma, Deafness, Liver Complaint
Bronchitis, Blindness, Grub and Worms
Heart Disease aseMiscarriage, SpinalCurvatures
Dyspepsia, Headaches, Piles and Fistula
Catarrh, Dysentery, Female Diseases,
Ague&Fever COstiveness, Cancers & Tumors
Badness, Diarrhea, Falling of Womb.
MARRIAGE GUIDE;
on Early Marriage, Growth of the Fetus,
Organs of Generation, &C., and how to rem
der Childbirth Easy and Safe, and retain
their Youthful Vigor Beauty, and Elasticity
of both Body and Mind to ripe old age.
BY HARMON X. ROOT, AM, NJ d.,
Author Of series of Lectures on Health,
and Inventor of the lnfallible Lung Barome-
ter. Illustrated with 65 rare, interesting
and useful engravings.
This work contains 496 large octave pages,
III CleuT pesdHu eleRuutly Douuu. ITlCt ;.
This book will be sent by mail to any part
of the world on the reception of 81 by letter,
post paid.
Agents wanted to sell this work through
out the country, to whom liberal discount
will be allowed. Address, post paid ,.as
above
The Peoples Medical Lighthouse is a com.
plete guide to the preservation cf health
and the cure Of every kind Of ,..rss, ...I
will be found OF inestimaole value by ..yrg
individual and family 70 whom 1t coU,as It
contains the long and varied experience Of
the Author sn the practice ofhis profession,
so arranged and written as TO be plain 90
every person, and easy Of comprehension.
The jargon of medical terms, behind Which
many physicians seek to hide their igno
rance, is discarded so that in verify it is a
Lighthouse of Medicines for the universal
people.
The book has received the highest recon-
mendations from the Clergy and the Press
in various parts of the United States.
N. B.-Editors of papers giving the above
advertisement. including this note, four or
more insertions, and sending n copy of the
paper containing the same, shall have n copy
of the Medical Lighthouse mailed to their
address
143H A. r.
The Literary echo, and Pawcatuck advertiser. [volume] (Westerly, R.I.) 1851-1854, 1854-01-12
nlisrrllanrous.
Turn The Carpet.
\ DIALOGUE BETWEEN DICK AND JOHN


As at their work two weavers sat
Begmling time with friendly chat
They touch'd upon the price Of meat,
SO high, O weaver scarce could eat
What with my brats. and sickly wife,
Quoth Dick, I'm almost tired of life;
so hard my work, 50 poor my fare,
lis more than mortal man can bear
How glorious is the rich mans statei
HIS house so fine, his wealth So great,
Heaven is unjust, you must agree.
Why oil 10 him? why none to me-
In spite Of what the Scripture teaches,
In spite fall the parson breaches,
This world (indeed I've thought so long)
IL ruld, methinks, extremely wrong.
Where'er / look, hover range,
lis all confused, and hard and strange;
The good are troubled and Oppressed,
And all the wicked are the bless'd'
Quoth John, 'Our ign'rance is the cause
why thus we blame our makers laws:
Parts OF his ways alone we know,
lis all that man can see below
See'st thou that carpet, not half done,
Which thou, dear Dick, hast well begun
Behold the wild confusion there,
30 rude the mass, it makes one stare!
A stranger, ign'rant of the trade,
Would say no meanings there conveyed;
For where's the middle, where's the border /:
Thy carpet now is all disorder.
Quoth Dick, My work is yet in bits,
But Still. in every part it fits;
Besides, you reason like lout,
why man, that carpet is inside out
Says John, Thou say'st the thing mean.
And now hope to sure thee of thy spleen
This world, which clouds my soul with
doubt,
Is but carpet inside out.
As when we see these shreds and ends
We know not what the whole intends
80 when on earth things look but odd,
They're working still some scheme Of God
NO plan, no pattern, can we trace,
All wants proportion, truth, and grace,
The motley mixture we deride,
Nor see the beauteous upper side.
But when we reach that world of light,
And view those works of God Alright,
Then shall We see the whole design,
And own the workman IS divine.
What now seems random strokes, will there
All order and design appear;
Ihen shall we praise what here we spurned
For there the carpet shall be turn'd'
'Thou'rt right quoth Dick, no more III
grumble,
That this sad worlds SO strange n tumble :;
My impious doubts are put to flight,
For my own carpet sets me right
The Literary echo, and Pawcatuck advertiser. [volume] (Westerly, R.I.) 1851-1854, 1854-01-12
Important Discovery.
RELIEF IN TEN MINUTEsI
BRYAN,s PULMONIC WATERS

are unfailing in the cure of COUGHS, CoLps,
ASTHMA, BRONCHITIS, SORE THROAT,
HoARsENEss, DIFFICULT BREATHING, IN
cIPIENT CoNsUMPTIox, AND DISEASES OF
THE LUNGS. They have no taste Of medi-
cine, and any child will take them. Thou
sands have been restored to health that had
before despaired. Testimony given in hum
dreds of cases. A single dose relieves in
TEN MINUTES
Ask for Bryan's Pulmonic Wafers-the
original and only genuine is stamped
Bryan" Spurious kinds are offered for
sale. Twenty five cents box. Sold by
dealers generally. j, BRYAN s. CO..
Rochester, N. Y, Proprietors. 1928
For sale by Stillman & Potter.
The Literary echo, and Pawcatuck advertiser. [volume] (Westerly, R.I.) 1851-1854, 1854-01-12
N Office.

THE Subscribers, weekly receiving fresh
i Goods from the cities, would call the ut
tention Of purcharers to their stock. Such
as Prints, Muslins, Cambrics, Delanes, with
Bleached and Brown Sheetings of the best
qualities; French Broad Cloths, Cassimeres,
Doe skins, Tweeds, Satinetts, &C., &c
Also, rs good an assortment of GrGCe-
ries as can be found in any country store
Among which are New Orleans, Porto Rico.
and West India Molnsses; Stewards, and
Bristol Refined, and Havana Brown Sugars
Green and Black Teas; pure Java Coffee,
parched and ground expressly ground for
our own trade also Coffee in the kernel,
and the cheaper kinds are also kept, the
same as in other stores We also put up
our own Spices, and warrant them pure.
Our Cinnamon, Pimento, Gloves, and Pep
per are acknowledged to be superior to any
in use.
We are agents for the sale of many valua-
BILE Medicines; among which is Dyers
Healing Embrocation, Perry Davis Pain
Killer, Whitman's Diarrhea Syrup, Hol-
mans Cod Liver Oil, DR.. Trask's Magnetic
Ointment, DR.. Tobias Venetian Liniment,
and last, but not least, the justly celebrated
Rock Rose Bitters, We also prepare Es-
sences of every kind from the pure Oils,
WltHout tne hlu VI IuTptntiHe, Soceuiuo-
indicus or any thing poisonous, and are
warranted pure.
We also sell Shoes and Boots at low prices,
and rs good as at any other establishment.
We are the only agents for Judds Baking
Powders in the Town full assortment Of
sizes constantly on hand.
Store in the Brick Building next the Paw
catuck Bank. j. & p. MOVES.
Pawcatuck, CT, 81, 1858. 12ltf
The Literary echo, and Pawcatuck advertiser. [volume] (Westerly, R.I.) 1851-1854, 1854-01-12

i May the Father, who created man, curse
him May the Son who suffered for u :,
curse him May the Holy Ghost who suf.
fered for us in baptism, curse him May
the Holy Cross which Christ, for our saliva
tion, triumshing over his enemies, ,ascended
curse him. ...
May the Holy and Eternal Virgin Mary,
mother Of God, curse him Nav St Mic
hazel, the advocate Of the Holy souls, curse
him!-May all the Angels, Principalities
and Powers, and all Heavenly Armies,
curse him
May the praise worthy multitude of Pa
triarchs and Prophets, curse him
May st John the Precursor and st John
the Babtist, and st Peter, and st Paul, and
st Andrew, and all other of Christ's Apos.
ties thgether, curse him and may the rest
of the Disciples, and our Evangelist, who
by their preaching converted the Universe,
and the Holy and wonderful company of
Martyrs and Confessors, who by their holy
works are found pleasing tn God Almighty,
may the holy choir of Holy Virgins, who
for the honor of Christ, have despised things
of the world, damn him. May all the Saints
from the beginning of the world to everlas-
ting ages; who are found to be beloved of
God, damn him.
May he be damned wherever he be, wheth-
er in the house or in the stable, the garden
or the field, or the highway or the woods,
Tor in the water or in the church may he
be cursed in living and dying. . -..
May he be cursed in eating and in drink
ing, in being hungry, in being thirsty, in
fasting, in sleeping, in slumbering, and in
sitting, in waking, in resting and in blood
letting
May he be cursed in all the faculties of
his body!
May he be cursed inwardly and outward
ly; may he be cursed in his brains, and in
his virtex, in his temples, in his eyebrows,
in his cheeks, in his jawb bones in his nostrils
in his teeth and grinders, in his lips, in his
throat, in his shoulders, in his arms to his
fingers
May he be damned in his mouth, in his
breast, in his heart and purtenances, down
to the very stomach
May he be cursed in his reins, and in his
grons in his thighs, in his genitals, and in
his hids and in his knees, his legs and feet,
and toe-nails. ..
May he be cursed in oil his joints, and
articulation of his members from the crown
Of his head to the sole of his foot, may there
be no soundness.
! May the Son Of the living God, with all
the gloryof his majesty, curse him And
may Heaven with all the powers that move
therein, Use up against him, and curse and
damn him, unless he repent and make
satisfaction.
PIERCE HANDELL.
Ashaway, r. l. Dec 13, 1852
The Literary echo, and Pawcatuck advertiser. [volume] (Westerly, R.I.) 1851-1854, 1854-01-12
Sky-Light DaguerreOtypes.

MwNkf-m<H THE Subscriber, having
N$HM1fasIyre opened the rooms for
G1aSX3ZSASXi merly occupied by j. Tan
ZEeI" ner, with many additions
and improvements, would inform his friends
and the public generally, that he is now
prepared TO take likenesses in the best
style, and at the lowest prices at which good
pictures can be obtained. Using the best
American Instruments,
and the most effectual Chemical Combna-
tions known, in connection with
Large Sky-Light,
he will furnish pictures which shall be in
ferior to none in their accuracy and beauty
of finish. ...
Please call and examine specimens.
Rooms in the building west of II. & +. Shelf
fields Store.
Gis- Sitters should, by all means, wear
dresses of dark color.
135tf +. p. KENYON.
The Literary echo, and Pawcatuck advertiser. [volume] (Westerly, R.I.) 1851-1854, 1854-01-12
Certificate of the Efficacy Of
DR.. WOOdWOrth's Syrup

nR. NJ. WOODWORTH-Sir: This is to
~ certify that my wife has been afflicted
with the Scrofula from a child, and for the
last ten years she has suffered beyond de-
scription. 1t made its appearance on the
upper part of the mouth, and also on the
under jaw; it had become such an eating
sore, that small pieces of bone have come
out. 1t was attended with the most excru-
ciating pains In this manner she has suf-
fered without finding any relief. She was
attended by some of our best physicians, but
all to no purpose they had all given her up.
At last she was induced to try DR.. Towns
ends Syrup, of which she took twenty bot
ties, but it did her no good. Seeing your
advertisement, she was induced by friend
to try your Syrup. | sent to your agent in
Hartford, and procured a bottle for her, and
as astonishing as it may seem, before she
had finished taking that bottle, she was re-
lieved Of those excruciating pains, and her
mouth is gradually healing. She has taken
four bottles, and she is now able to be
around and attend to her household duties
and we would hereby recommend this to
others in like manner afflicted, as being one
of the medicines ever offered to the public
and we feel duly grateful that we could OBJ
tain anything to procsre relief.
Yours, respectfully,
JOHN EMMoNs,
MEHETABLE EMMoNs.
Canaan, AprH 3. 1852.
We, the undersigned friends and acquant-
ances of Mehetable Emmons, certify that
hers was the most distressing case of Scro-
fula and Tic Douloureux we ever witnessed,
and that she has been restored to comforta-
bic health after having been given up as past
cure by all her acuuaintanCes, and that the
statement given above by herself and hus-
band, may be relied on as strictly true.
GERsHoM NJ. R1TcH, EMMONs ARNOLD,
RUTH J. ARNOLD, JULIA EMMoNs,
ANDREW EMMoNs, SAMUEL EMMoNs,
EMELINE EMMoNs, HENRY j. MEAD.
/, Miles T. Granger, Town Clerk Of the
Town of Canaan, hereby certify that am
acquainted with the persons whose names
are subscribed to the foregoing, certificate,
and that they are persons of high respecta-
bility, and every way worthy of credit.
MILES 7. GRANGER, Town Clerk.
Canaan, Ct., AprH 6, 1862. 115y1
The Literary echo, and Pawcatuck advertiser. [volume] (Westerly, R.I.) 1851-1854, 1854-01-12

Fifty good and Efficient Book Agents
qoanted Immediately, By Pierce Handel,
Ashaqo0y, r. l., to sell Hogan rorh
on Popery, History Of all Nations,
Foa's Book Of tie Martyrs rerised
and brought dorm 10 the present time.
The Literary echo, and Pawcatuck advertiser. [volume] (Westerly, R.I.) 1851-1854, 1854-01-12
FROM NEW YORK

I'm VIA Stonington, for BOSTON,
tEsssfs PROVIDENCE NEW BEDFORD
and TAUNTON, The Steamer G WANDER
BILT and COMMODORE, of this line, now
run regularly as heretofore, alternately
leaving Pier No . North River first wharf
above Battery place, daily, Sundays except
ed, Mt 8 p Nj, and Stonington at 8 O'Clock z
NJ, or on arrival ofmail train, which leaves
Boston at p M.
For freight or passage, apply at the Office
No 10 Battery place, or on board the boats
The Literary echo, and Pawcatuck advertiser. [volume] (Westerly, R.I.) 1851-1854, 1854-01-12

pay There is an anecdote Of Sheri-
dan and certain baronet, that, both
being drunk in the street, the baronet
fell into the gutter; and Sheridan, hav-
ing in vain endeavored to get him upon
his legs again, stammered out,
My dear friend, cannot help you |;
but I'll do all l can for YOU'LL lie
down beside you !"
The Literary echo, and Pawcatuck advertiser. [volume] (Westerly, R.I.) 1851-1854, 1854-01-12

bG- A new married couple went to
Niagara on visit, and the gentleman, l.,
in order to convince his dear that he
was brave as well ..as.gallant, resolved to
go down into the '' cave of the winds. -
She, of course, objected; but finding
that he was determined, affectionately
requested him to leave bis pocket-book
aud watch behind.
The Literary echo, and Pawcatuck advertiser. [volume] (Westerly, R.I.) 1851-1854, 1854-01-12

% A wag was jogging homo rather
late and a little happy, when he was ac-
costed by large wo-fsted fellow, who
demanded bis money" Money!" said
the wag, money [ have none, but il
you'll wait minute | will give you my
note at thirty days."
The Literary echo, and Pawcatuck advertiser. [volume] (Westerly, R.I.) 1851-1854, 1854-01-12

Ms." Have you any limb-horn bon.
nets :" inquired very modest miss of O
shop-keeper.
"Any what -
"Any limb-horn bonnets ,"
Any-you don't mean leg-horn :"
The young lady was brought to by
the proper restoratives.
The Literary echo, and Pawcatuck advertiser. [volume] (Westerly, R.I.) 1851-1854, 1854-01-12

~ An insult is twice as deep as an
apology. An insult sinks to the heart
and rankles there whilst an apology
merely skins over the surface, but new
er heals the wound.
The Literary echo, and Pawcatuck advertiser. [volume] (Westerly, R.I.) 1851-1854, 1854-01-12
Cisterns.

NHE Subscriber is prepared to put in brick
l. Cisterns out of door or in, for one dollar
per hogshead, provided they hold twenty
hogsheads or more. For work over one mile
from the village, extra will be charged for
hauling stock.
Il5tf BERNARD W. PIERCE
The Literary echo, and Pawcatuck advertiser. [volume] (Westerly, R.I.) 1851-1854, 1854-01-12
PrOcrastinatiOn.

=" NEVER put of until tomorrow what
~ can be done to-day" but come i'm
mediately to Carpet Hall and buy carpet,
romths frat selection. f
The Literary echo, and Pawcatuck advertiser. [volume] (Westerly, R.I.) 1851-1854, 1854-01-12
Livery Stable.

AsER The Subscribershav-
-KkTyxsyC:T.IA ing disposed Of their
IEExyK@ESIZ old stock of Horses,
= = Harnesses and Carri-
ages and purchased new, are now prepar-
ed to accommodate their old customers and
the public generally, in as good style as any
other stablsin this any other place.
b6tf - WA PhRKERSoN
The Literary echo, and Pawcatuck advertiser. [volume] (Westerly, R.I.) 1851-1854, 1854-01-12

incompatible
perfect
perfect and invaluable
remedy RHEUMATISM CUTS, WOUNDS PAIN IN THE
SIDE BACK AND LIMBS, LUMBAGO, SORE THROAT, .
BURNSSC SWELLINGS, AGUE, CRAMP,&c.
will immediate
~ Scalds Burns for Pains the will in
short relief
valuable spasmodic Affections
Pain Weakness
The EMBROCATlON public
all the country We do not hesitate superior
willing tmet refund
G addressed %
AUGUSTUS H FIELD Successor to Charles Dyer, Jru
SOLE PROPRIETOR AND MANUFACTURERS,
r..
DR. VIM ThurOn, slman Potter P Noye IL
W w
The Literary echo, and Pawcatuck advertiser. [volume] (Westerly, R.I.) 1851-1854, 1854-01-12
Kid Gloves.

KID GLOVES, lasse assortment of colors
N and sizes, for sale at 81 1-2 cents, by
c. ii. DENISON.
The Literary echo, and Pawcatuck advertiser. [volume] (Westerly, R.I.) 1851-1854, 1854-01-12
Regular Mail Line,

Stoninpton March s,ls52. |
The Literary echo, and Pawcatuck advertiser. [volume] (Westerly, R.I.) 1851-1854, 1854-01-12

CERTAIN REMEDY FOR sCORBUTIC HUMORs
AND AN ASTONISHING CtRE OF. AN OLD
LADY, SEVENTY YEARS OF AGE, OF A BAD
The Shasta courier., 1854-04-29
BY LAST TNIGHTSEXPRESS


Messrs. Adams & Co. furnished us. yesterday
afternoon, with San Francisco papers Of the goth
and Sacramento papers of the 9th.
The French Consul at San Francisco. Patrick
Dillon, has been compelled to appear before
the U. s. District Court as witness in the trial
of Luis Del valle, Mexican Consul He imme-
diately struck his flag. The affair has caused
considerable excitement among the French.
A late letter from San Diego states that Walk
ers party has been entirely broken np Walker
had reached the Colorado on his way east, but
not being able to affect a crossing. and having
lost all of his provisions except beef. he started
back to San Tomas IN utter desperation.
An interesting communication was received
from Straws," but too late for publication this
morning.
The Shasta courier., 1854-04-29

REDUcED.-The California Stage COMPANY
have reduced the fare between this CITY and
Piacerville from eight to six dollars 1t is not
long since they reduced the fare between Sacra-
n1ento and Nevada from fifteen to twelve dol.
lars. We are always pleased to give credit to
those who show a disposition to accommodate
the public at the same time that they are accom-
modating themselves. reduction of fare al
waos brings an increase of travel, and while the
public are benefited by the change, the trans
Portation companies are not injured What
they torego on individuals they make ND on the
mass, besides having the good will of the COM
munlty which must be admitted is of itself
worth much.-State Journal
The conduct of the California Stage Comma.
ny, spoken OF above, is worthy of commenda.
tion, and we are pleased to find that the public
journals are not backward in giving them
proper credit We hope to have an early oppor.
tunlty OF thanking the Company for svincing
the same spirit of accommodation toward, n,
that they have already evinced towards Placer
vile and Nevada. The charges made on the
Shasta route are consid erably higher than those
made on other routes. We not only urge a re-
duction OF fare on all the lines, but we hone
they Will be made equal.
The Shasta courier., 1854-04-29

REDUCTION OF RIVER FRELGHT.-We are in.
formed by the San Francisco papers that the
California Steam Navigation Company have re-
dnced the rates Of freight from San Francisco to
Red Bluffs, from 500 to s35 per ton. This is a
lower rate than any that has hitherto existed
between the points named. The company de-
price of freights, and we regret that they were
not sufficiently discreet to make it at the outset
OF their enterprise. As it is, they made for
themselves very bad name by increasing the
rates for carriage to an exhorbitant figure at
first, and it will now require some months of
perseverance in low freights and accommo-
dating conduct, to gain the confidence of mer-
chants and traders in the North
The Shasta courier., 1854-04-29

BRIcK.-The manufacture of brick has been
commenced by DIR. Shurtlef The late rains of
the season have retarded his operations, but
kiln will, notwithstanding, soon be in readiness
for the fireman. Orders are already given for
several hundred thousand, and as the summer
advances upon US, no doubt many who have not
yet determined upon it, will conclude to build
in brick. Extensive lime quarries have been
discovered in the nei ghborhood of our town dur
ing the winter, and lime will be much cheaper
in consequence. The cost of building first class
6re-proof houses this year will be somewhat less
than it during last summer.
The Shasta courier., 1854-04-29

The Prorrietors in conducting this Rattle
bind themselves to carry it on in a manner that
will be satisfactory to all who may buy tickets.
The drawing will be done by gentlemen chosen
by the holders of Tickets, each county in the
State sending committee of one for that pur-
pose. Maps OF the Real Estate, and samples Of
the property. may be seen at their office, north-
west corner of Montgomery and Merchant sis..
San Francisco. ssr ..,e
For the responsibility of the proprictors of
this Rattle, and that it will be conducted with
honesty and integrity, we refer to 3 ass.
His Excellency JOHN BlGLER.
Hon. J. w. DENVER. Secretary of State.
}. r. .HARDENBERG. Mayor Of Sac rune uio.
Hon LEWIS ALDRICH. ~
Maj. w. Fl. HARVEY, Scrgcant-at-Arms of
Senate. .,.rF
f. WILSON, Wilson's Exchange. s-ess.s
DAVID JONES, Hotel Sac. City. a29 IS
The Shasta courier., 1854-04-29
VULCAN FOUNDRY,
Steam Engine Boiler Machine Work..
SAN FRANCISCO.

SAN FRANCISCO. tH
HNHIS ESTABLISHMENT has the larycst
= and best machinery. tools, and list of pat.
terms on the Pacific coast
We are prepared to execute orders for high
and low pressure engines and boilers Of any
size for steamboats,, mills, &c. &c. Machinery
for saw, flour and quartz mills, breweries dis.
nlleres, etc. Iron castings Of any weight re-
qulred. Pilasters, columns, window aud door
cap sills, balconies, brackets, entire fronts for
buildings. Onr list OF gear. motive and pnley
patterns is very complete, embracing nearly
every kind and size in use.
Steam boilers Of any weight or form, for high
or low pressure, on hand or made to order ut
me shortest notice and lowest rates. Copper,
pattern. and blacksmith work of all kinds exc.
cuted In the very best manner s.ssa
variety OF steam engines, boiler tubes, en-.
gineer's findings, &C., always on hand.
Our superior facilities enable us TO execute
orders with greater dispatch and at lower ratcs
than any other concern in California
ap29-2m GEO. GORDON & STEENE. -
The Shasta courier., 1854-04-29

MALICIOUS DESTRUCTION OF PRopRETY.-On
Wednesday last, Messrs V. @. Cook, E. w. De.
wees aud James Bard, were tried before H. A.
Curtiss, Justice of the Peace, for the maliciou,
destruction of property belonging to J. S. P.
Bass The property consisted of house built
by MIR. Bass, on piece of government land on
the east side Of the Sacramento River. on the
road from this place to Pitt River Mr.. Bass
and The defendants in the suit, held adverse DOS.
sessory claims to the lands on which the house
was built. The trial was had before jury who
found the defendants guilty" The Judgment
Of the Justice upon the verdict was that Cook
he fined in the sum of $780, and that he be i'm
prisoned until paid and that each of the others
be fined thirty dollars with the like imprison-
ment. In default of the fine they have been
committed, and still remain in CUSTODY of the
Sheriff.