davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Ottawa free trader., 1854-11-11

\ MENSTRUAL STEIKE.-Yostcrday, at
Urbana, the bell OF the Presbyterian church
rang the sccond time; the congregation sat
waiting and watching, but no minister came
After the lapse Of half an hour note was
handed to one Of the elders, who arose and
read it to the congregation. twas from the
minister, who said he would not preach for
them any more till hc was paid up. Tires
clergyman of the right pluck. Why
should minister, any more than a shocma-
kor, mend sogs without being paid forit! -
(Col,smJus (OJ tdct.
The Ottawa free trader., 1854-11-11

GREAT FIRE At CLEvELAND.--The greatest
fire ever experienced in Cleveland broke ont
on the night of the 9th ult, in the stable
of the New England hotel, in tlgt city
The New England hotel, with the entire
square on which it stood, was destroyed.
Then crossing the street, it took the st.
Charles hotel, and the entire row from the
canal to the river, and next crossing Superi.
or lane, it swept Oviatt's block, with the
entire contents. The total loss was about
100000, of which Sl2S,0G0 were insured.
The Ottawa free trader., 1854-11-11

\ Mogr WONDERFUL EscAPE,-flodtiag on
tie OcCaA IN BiSket-0f all the narratives
of tfrosr who csCUTCt from the wreck Of the
Arctic, we consider that of James Smith, OF
Natchel, Mississippi, the most eXtraordina-
ry. lie was for over two days alone on u
raft made OF barely three boards dashed to-
gcthcr with ropcs--cold, wet, and hungry
constantly struggling for his life--ior every
swell of the sea, however slight, washed over
him, and yet he was saved. His fortunate
acquisition OF Il iin-lincd basket, for dinner
dishes, and getting inside OF it gave him a
species of Moscs-lke.ark; we should think
that his tin bed must have been rather cool.
Mr.. Smith speaks of his dclivcrancc as Provi-
dental, for he had resigned himself to die,
and made his last prayer. As he rose from
his knees the floating basket renewed his
hope of life, and after he had padded up to
il and lashcd il on board of his tiny raft, he
considered himself comparatively safe, for he
could then doae or sleep without the pr evi-
ous imminent danger Of being washed over
board If he closed his eyes for a moment.
He was one of them taken up and carried
TO Quebec. .,
The Ottawa free trader., 1854-11-11

INDIANA FREE BANHs.--Ihc Indianapolis
Sentinel Of the 23d is informed by the Audi
tor, that he had received on the day before
for cancellation aud destruction about sew
enty.iivc thousand dollars of Free Bank pa
per and that for the last eight days the aver.
age had been from forty to forty-iiyc thou
sand dollars a day. The circulation is retir-
ing rapidly. If the redemption and cancel
lation continues for many days in the same
proportion, there will be but little free bank
currency left for the brokers and specula.
tors to deprcciatc.
The Ottawa free trader., 1854-11-11

4 ASrRANcE MALApy.-A private letter from
Georgetown, in the District of Columbia, OF
the 26th of October, states that an cpcdcmic
is raging there which is carrying oil many,
Its attacks are sudden, and in many eases,
rcsslloss, In its manner of approach and
earlier aspects it resembles cholera after
wards its victims exhibit symptoms and cir
cumStances such AS often attend dysontcry,
vomiting and Welding blood are often among
these. Under whatever category this vista
ton may be cNsscd, it is exceedingly severe,
and iuaiiully fatal
The Ottawa free trader., 1854-11-11
Foreign News.

The Pacific, at New York, Oct. 80 and
the Arabia Nov. 3D., are the only steamers
from Europe since our last. They bring no
important news from the seat Of War The
allies occupied strong position south Of Se-
bE5tUpol, but up to the gth of Oct, nothing
had been done ManschikoG still held the
field north Of thc city, with 80, 900 men, and
10000 more oaily expected. The Baltic
feet was returning home.
The brcadstuTs market at Liverpool con.
tinucd excited, ard -four and wheat had
materially advanced, Corn, too, was firm at
an advance Of Is. Sales Of uhio -four at i2s
Reports have again been circulated stimuli
tancouslyi Vienna, Paris and London, ofthe
fall Of Scbas;opo', and large stock operations
are said to have been made on the faith Of the
statement. but the public were slow to believe.
4 private despatch from Bucharest of the
10th, announces that the bombardmcnt Of Sc
bastopol commenced on the 18th. Two hun.
dred pieces ofheayy artillery were used. Sc
bastopol was not expected to hold out more
than three or four days.
Thirty thousand Russians have crossed the
Danube into the DCbrudscha.
The German press everywhere gives in
dicatons ofan approaching rupture between
Austria and Prussia. Great anxiety exists a,
Berlin.
Lord Stratford dc Redcliif has succeeded in
procuring a frman to suppress the trade il
Circassan and Georgian slaves.
The Ottawa free trader., 1854-11-11

TIE Hos BUSINESS. Cincinnati Ga
zettc Of Wednesday has the following infor-
nation in regard to the hog business this
winter:
As the season for packing draws near, the
business attracts more attention, and good
deal Of interest is manifested in reference to
the opening prices, We find there is a great
difference in the views of feeders and pack
ers The former are generally anticipating
So per 100 lbs net, while the latter are stead
lily rcceding from this point, and sales have
already been made as low as $3.50, and at
the close there were more sellers than buy.
ors at this figure. The fact that there is in
the country stock Of 200, 900 bbls. of pork,
an ample supply of bacon, advices from
abroad that do not encourage us in looking
fora demand from Europe except at low fig
urcs, that the number of hogs in the coun-
try is large, and that high prices will bring
ont a heavy crop; that packers have cXpc-
rioncCd two bad seasons III succession, and
that they may not be able to stand up under
another disastrous season--all combine to
operate in favor of low figures, and offset the
arguments Of short crops of corn, brought
forward by the farmers Were the packing
season to commence under the feeling which
now prevails, it would be difficult to realize
$4,50 for hogs, and the prospects are against
rather than in favor of an upward reaction.
Packers have generally made up their minds
that, with crop orhogs as large as that of
last year, prices should not be over $3.50
and the tendency to believe that the crop
will turn out so is very strong; and it must
he admitted, that for such belief there is
strong grounds.
The Ottawa free trader., 1854-11-11

WooD GAs.-In 1851, Professor Pettenko-
fer and Rutland, of Bavaria, invented and pat
ented Il process 70. the manufacture Of illu-
minative gas from wood Since that time the
new gas has been introduced and brought
into general use in the cities of Basle, Ulm,
Darmstadt, Cobourg, Baircnth, Altcnburg,
and lioilbronn. Mr. Emil Breisach, Chemist,
of bavaria, has recently introduced the pro-
cess into the United States, and has demon
strated its utility and practibility by cxten
sivo and successful experiments at the Gas
Works in Philadelphia, and also at the Man
haitian Gas Works in New York City.
The Ottawa free trader., 1854-11-11

CLEVER CnnpHEy.-'rhc anxiety 10 make
clever children defeats itself-it spoils thou
sands who might be clever men. Not few
and these the most promising-children for
example like Hartley Coleridge, require to
he positively kept back not urged onward.
In his pitiablo ease it was not the prcdomi-
ncncc Of fancy in his childhood that was un-
healthy, but the unboysh consciousness Of
self, Games at play with other boys would
have been far better for him than to sit lis
tcnng with greedy ears to the philosophers
of the I.akes.-N0rM British NCfitc,
The Ottawa free trader., 1854-11-11

Tnr ELroTioN went OF very quietly in our
city on Tuesday, There was no quarrplling
or fighting, and the whiskcy business seom-
sd unusually dull 70, so exciting au occasion.
Tho weather was unusually fine, and people,
after casting their votes, fingered little
around the polls, but went at once about
their business.
The Ottawa free trader., 1854-11-11
Mol,sCnI Enticu!

THOSE olectcd with lung, liver, and bronchial
affections, diseases OF the spine, &c, can
consult Dr. James Frashsr, at his Office, at the
Ciy hotel, in Peru, on Saturdays during the win.
ter. DR. Frashcr treats on the sam principle as
that pursued by Drs. Whitley & Itch Of New
York cty,and describes the feelings Of the affiic-
ted in all ordinary cases, wlthou, icing told by
patients or others believing that those only can
make perfect cure who can put their finger on
the weak points and explain their cause and ef-
iec,s From Dr. F.'S numerous cure in !. Sa lie
and adjoining counties for the last eighteen
mont rs, further comment would be superfnons.
ni-3H,' JANFs FRASHrR, ~ ID.
The Ottawa free trader., 1854-11-11

SAP TERMINATIo OF A LOVE ArrAm.-Wc
in common with other papers, have briefly
noticed the suicide of Miss Jennie Bear, Of
Bristol, Ohio. The Cleveland plaindealcr
gives more full account Of the unfortunate
event than we have seen elsewhere, so we
copy it as the last "bcar story" The Plain
dealer says:
The way the Susancidc was committed
was the worst. Miss Jennie was pet tho
family, although she had been chained to the
foot of the tree for some time, owing to her
peculiar love Of chickens before they were
cooked. Some of the feathercd tribe going
to roost one night in Jennie's tree, she tho't
she could help herself to bite of her favor.
lie food without molesting any Of the family
by so doing She went up the tree, passed
over limb in search Of chickens, and under-
took to come down On the other side, when
her chain proved oil too short. She WIS dis.
appointed, and in a love affair, lo,e--orraw
chickens,
The Ottawa free trader., 1854-11-11

The Springfield Enterprise has been sold
by pitiful lie of WcntNortl's, allcdging
that there would be a meeting of Judge
Douglas and the negro Fred. Douglas to de-
bate the Nebraska question. Wentworth
l,ns probably concluded that he will have no
more "iayors to ask ofour Senator" and has
therefore commenced bis abuse without stint
or deccncy.
The Ottawa free trader., 1854-11-11

Woman's rights are something ahead
down in the Old Dominion In Winchester,
we see John Wysoing informs the public that
he has associated with him in the mcrcan-
tile business his daughter Virginia, and that
hereafter the business will be conducted un-
der the name, style and firm of J. Wysong
& Daurhter
The Ottawa free trader., 1854-11-11

THE RRcirRoCIrY TREATY CoNylRMED.-
The New Brunswick Legislature, on Thurs
day, Nov. B. passed an act admitting foreign
brcadstuiis, saltcd meats, moasscs, and
Goals, duty free. They also passed the act
ratifying the Reciprocity Treaty.
The Ottawa free trader., 1854-11-11
Indinn a,rnci,i.s in nrnrnn.

Indian Atrocities in Oregon.
The Oregon papers by tho last California
steamers contain the particulars of some late
fearful Indian atrocities in that territory
The papers are full Of all sorts of rumors,
but the following letter, written by the COM
mandaut Of PARTY Of soldiers that were sent
in pursuit the Indians, contains the only
reliable Information on the subject, although
there are rumors ofoihcr outragcs.
DAMEs, Sept. 10th, 1854.
Onthe 20th Of August, party of seven
men left fort Boise to recover a cow which
the lndUus had stolen on Boise riycr.-
About - miles from the font on the south
side of Boise river, they discovered a party
Of Indians plundcring five wagons, and dliy-
Ing of the stock. They immediately charged
the Indians, -four Of the party keeping well
IN the rcar,) but were not in time u pre-
vent them from running tbrcc of the wagons
into the brush, together with the women and
children, who were their prisoners, and
whose cries could be distinctly heard. One
young man by the name Of Anon, ia lad Of
about 10 or ~ was shot through tho head,
while in the act Of iling at the Indians
two companions rctreated back to The rest
Of the party, who were at the place where
The train was attacked, some hundred Of
yards from the Indians Here they found a
number Of dead, two mortally wounded, and
Newton Ward, boy about - years old
slightly wounded that latter they brought
book to the fort.
On the 2lst, an express came to Malhcur
river, informing us what had occurred. Five
men started for fort Boise, taking with us Il
half breed, who can speak the "Sauk" Ian
guagc, and by whose services we were in
hopes Of getting back the women and chill
dren. Wcarriycd at Boise that night, and
next morning, 22d, party of Is men start
ed for the scene OF massacre, Upon arriy-
ing at the place where the wagons were at
tackled, we found the bodies Of six men, and
in the sagcbrush, from a quarter 10 half-a-
mile from this place, in different directions
the bodies Of four more were found. Here
one wagon was burnt. About 400 yards
from this place, at the edge Of the brush.
was found the body Of Miss Ward, age about
II years. Her body bore signs Of their
most brutal yioleucc--a hot iron had been
thrust into her person, doubtless while alive.
Not far from her three wagons had been
burned. About a qulrtcr-oia-milc further
on through the brush was found the body
of White, ier husband lives ia Umpqua Val
ley) iler head had been beaten to per
feet jelly, her body stripped Of its clothing,
and bore many marks OF brutal treatment
She had been scalpcd About halfamlc fur
thcr on we found the ilth wagon. 4 lcw
hundred yards from this, on the opposite
The Ottawa free trader., 1854-11-11

The lady who did not think it respectable
to bring up her children to work, has just
heard from her three sons. One of them was
driver on the canal another had been tn.
ken up AZ vagrant and a third has gone to
Auburn to learn the shoe business under the
auspices of keeper. It's hard thing to
quarrel with the great law of nature.
The Ottawa free trader., 1854-11-11

It IL said that French surgeon recently
replaced the corner Of the eyes of young
girl, blinded by small pox, with those of a
young dog, aud that the patient can distin.
euirh day irvih nisat, -,.-,.-,
The Ottawa free trader., 1854-11-11

The production of quicksilver in Cali
fornia is going to be a largo business. The
quantity shipped to South America and Chi.
ma, from january lst 1854, to the lst of Dc.
tobcr, amounts 20 1883 TASKS.
The Ottawa free trader., 1854-11-11

GoyERNoR OF NEnHAsrA.--rhc President
has appointed III, Hon. willard Hall, formerly
\ member Of congress from Missouri, governor
OF Nebraska, IN place ofGov Burt, decd
The Ottawa free trader., 1854-11-11

The type Of the dead Catholic paper Shcp-
herd of the Valley at st. Louis, is now
used to print a Know Nothing paper, called
the True Shepherd of the Valley.
The Ottawa free trader., 1854-11-11

,r, is.IiaN, Noy. ..
Tbs Yacht Hawk has retired from an IN
Sqe.e>'iu. search Cor the Arctic's boats.
iter captain think, they had been seen and
picked up by outward bound ships. lie saw
the body o! a female, in a light dress, but the
wind was blowing gale "a, the time, and he
was unable o. get IT,
The Ottawa free trader., 1854-11-11
DRIED APPLES,

OF an excellent qua!iy, Just rec we'd from
~ Ohio, and Tor sale a..
Also, anew lot Of
Philip Aliens finest prints,
Ncrmack and Cochcco"
Plam plaid, and figured all wool deIai,tes,'
25 pieces of merinoes,
Besides fine lot oil otherdrcs and lan,y goods;
ali OF which we wi Il sell remarka by cheap.
BUTTEE2, EGGs. tsIgsGs, &C.,
Taken in exchange for goods, by
November DSMAN & WulrNoRRs
The Ottawa free trader., 1854-11-11

TuE ESp OF A GRocEay.--For some time
past the good citizens of Upper Alton have
been very greatly annoyed by the presence
of miserable, disordcrly little whisky shop,
which was doing more harm to the norsa's s
of the boys of the place than Ell other, things
combined The keeper oi The affair was re,
pcatedly requested to shut up shop; but not
paying any regard TO the demand, body
of the citizens took the matter into their own
hands, aud about IL o'clock ON Wednesday
night completely gutted the concern and
then demolished the house in which it was
located, The bescigng party acted with
perfect deoorum, and retired quietly to their
homes as soon as the work Of destruction
was completed, 1tL
The Ottawa free trader., 1854-11-11

NEw YcRE, Nov l,
The Crystal Palace was closed forever last
night. 1t can, however, be visited during
the removal of the goods, ...
The Ottawa free trader., 1854-11-11

TnG OYs.,R PASIo.-Itis is stated that Del
lnoaico, IN New Ior', paysa handsome sum,
at his place down town, to young mgn for
eating oysters every forenoon.
The Ottawa free trader., 1854-11-11

\ shcaf ofwheat was suspended from the
altar oithc church in the liJtlc village of En-
bingham, on the occasion of the recent
Thanksgiving for the hountirul harvest.
The Ottawa free trader., 1854-11-11
WASHINGTON, Noy.

The Trcasurcr's official statement shows
the amount in tho United State Treasury
subject to drait on the s3l ult to Lave Lcen
S2G, ,OiS,oOn
The Ottawa free trader., 1854-11-11

DlLD-At Farm Ridge, on the 9Th ult,
joins W. llI>NAT, aged 10 years, an ania-
bic young man and au eminent scholar.
The Ottawa free trader., 1854-11-11

'And even at last the solemn hour shall come :"
Having done this, he staggered from the
case, under sudden attack Of disease, and iu
few days died and was buried. The
solemn hour had comc.-BaE Express.
The Ottawa free trader., 1854-11-11


When will the Emperor of Russia sleep in
Englnnds--When he takes . nap here
Echo says "NNlivr!' .I.l...
The Ottawa free trader., 1854-11-11

A''r A'o SurDr-i Young widow lady,
.Iea'y-ioai yoars u, c~., u1ued Anna Jane
Aac'auc, committed -'sGe IA Now York
city, last Ne'k, under very peculiar crcum-
stances. she "a- a contribute To the Sunday
papers, and possessed .air abilities. From
letters found IN Der rpos-c~-.ln, /, was asocr-
tiiucd that she was engaged To- be married
Oh the night she committed the fatal act.
lItNois Arrlss AHEAD.-pr. /. :. Penn
in-,,on' u1rseyuar, ofWhi,os.ie county, H.,
took the u'si lr.migu-a silver c1p-for the
ie and greatest variety of apples also tho
second prsmium-tn dn.,ar,-fJr the best
iw Ety F'F'., ,''- Ci apf'cS, properly named,
at The New !o:l- Star. Fair, hell on ,hc lth.
5tl and t,A o.. tie ls..ut uolth, at New
lJ.i .lty.
The Ottawa free trader., 1854-11-11

Tne last line ever set by Mr.. Charlton, n
Pittsburg printer, whose death we have late
u mentioned was this ~.
The Ottawa free trader., 1854-11-11

a prscRiprioS.-A eastern editor says
the day previous was "as sticky rs igcwscr'
fl, o' mocsscs. a sy,et idea,
The Ottawa free trader., 1854-11-11


VIM. Batemcn, WateryiIle, Pa, do.
Charles Charpiot, Chicago.
Joseph Albin, Morgan Co., o.
Sarah Albin, (wifc) -
George w Albin, (nephcwj do
Joseph Calbert, Quincy, IN.
Solomon Burr, Fon du Lac, Wis.
scALpEp-Nor CONSIDERED DANGEROUs.
David Prosser, Johnstown, Pa.
John Prosscr, g
Ebcnczcr Prosser, '
Elias f. Sewers, Musliingum Co. Iowa
Isaac Stewart, Lawrence Co., Pa.
VIM. McCrea,
Hannah McCrca,
Washington Bastion, Lycoming CO., Pa
Jacob Bozc, Washington, Co., Pa.
Isaac g. Brown, Fireman, legs broken
VIM. Z. Brown, Engineer, slightly inju
red.
The Ottawa free trader., 1854-11-11

We have omitted the vote on state iroasu-
rcr and coroner in the above table, as they
runabout equal with that on congress
McBancy received about 1-5v0tos for She.
TiG, and McArthuy probably $50 for coro-
ncr.
In Ottawa, Rutland, and a few more
towns, the democracy not only held their
own, but increased their vote, while in Peru
and La Sale the democrats seem to have
been asleep. They have certainly given a
strange vote.
LiriHgsi0a Comy-Fusion majority sup
posed to be about 100. Reading gives Nor.
ton 10 majority, New Michigan 60, Ponti-
ac 20, Sudbury 3.
TRINITY Norton's majority about 30
Walker, democratic candidate for sheriff is
defeated by % votes,
VIZ Covaty,-A fusion majority of about
500 on congress, legislature, and county of.
fccrs.
HeR8dN.-Gone fusion, by $50 majority
+ Kaakdhee.-Norton's majority about 800
Champaign Co.-Gvcs 200 majority for
Norton.
Bureou C0Whty-Norton's majority obou,
400. Lovcjoy is elected to the Legislature
by about 200 majority. The democrats con.
tended nobly in this county, and have more
than held their own.
/ Lcsislaturc-.Represen; Elected.
Ala Sale, &C., ID. Strawn, +. 5. Day
fusion.
45--Will, &c., three fusonists elected
40--Lcc and Whitcsidc', one fusion.
50-Oglc, one fusion.
52-Carroll and ia Davicss two fusion.
5i-Boonc and MclIenry, two fusion.
/ 5j-Lakc, Swan, fusion.
5G--South Chicago, &c., Thomas Rich
mong, Robert II. Foss, fusion.
57-North Chicago, &C., George II. Fos
ter, N, l., Dunlap, fusion.
Peoria C0aniy-Two fusions.
SGNAroRs.-In Kane, &c., Adams, abol
Zionist, beats Morgan whig, and anti-Ne
hraska dem, by small majority.
81. Cla'r dc.--J. l.. y. Morrison, whig.
Joe Ddriess ,tc.-Mi!lcr, fusion.
Maaisoa, ,Gc.--Ias. Gillespie,
Greene cGc.-Jno. NJ. Pamcr, anti.Nebras
la dem.
Rorh HlaHd Ec.-Lcc, fusion
In McIIcnry, &C., Nixon one ofthc ablcs
men in the north, is defeated by Gage, abol
Zionist, miserable stick.
CoSGEEssNEN ELECTED.
1st District--E. b. Washbdrnc, whig, re
elected over Ferry, anti-Ncbraska, and Jack
son, Nebraska democrats, by a large major
ity.
Cd -Woodworth, fusion, elected by
two or three thousand majority. Turner
is next highest, then Blackwell and Mayo
comes out hihlmost.
81 nist.--J. O. Norton, fusion, reelected
4th--Jomcs Knox, whig q fusion, do
9TH Richardson's district in doubt.
Gth--GLomous Tho contest in the
Springfield district is exceedingly close. \
despatch from Springfield yesterday states
that reported majori;ios from all the coun-
ties but Montgomery and Shelby leave The
race between Harris and Yates about even.
This would leave the chances decidedly in
favor Of Harris. Two years ago the wings
The Ottawa free trader., 1854-11-11
Sarayca,

LNROM the stable of the subscriber in Ottawa,
T. large bay colt Is months old, three white
feet, and a scar OH the inside of its ioIe leg II
wa $ last seen following team across the canal
bridge on La Sale street.
Any person giving information TO the suhscri>
Der where the col, may be found, will be iberally
rewarded November A. R. Monroe Nrrv.
The Ottawa free trader., 1854-11-11


- Oo1 PIECES OF crockcry of every
-. MZi shape, and atthe lowest PRICES, at The
Octcur %, Stan SroEE...
A NY quantity of de lailrs and eashmeres, at
"A Ocobcr2S howNsnsRY " SMrUs.
20 PIECES olsatlnctls, OF all GRADES, at the
OS October Is STAR STORE.
" on can find a full assortment Of iannels,
i. plain hul figured, at
uciobersa. LowNsDrrY & SMlTr's.
THE, bee, assortment of boots and shoes in
\ town can be- found AZ the o98 STAR STORE.
3 OQO PIECES sheetiugs and shrtings.
~IOOO all grades, at the o9s STAR STORE
NOMEa aud get yoH Il rood hat or cap, tor yoN
~ will fnd an endicsa variety ut
D,ubrr23 LUWS,pLEY & SHitu's.
The Ottawa free trader., 1854-11-11
Ssrayci,
ON short time, business paper.
y November Pm. Z r FAY.
PENNSYLVANIA SEORE f!
1894. FALL AND WINTER TRADE 1885,
DRY GOODS, ..rt
BOO rs 6 SHOEs,
Esv. esg0stsrss la,2 =. n, r-.

Z RESPECTFULLY invite the attention OF the
j public to the large assortment, Ctgo IDS now nt
m" Fgu usy!yaun store, the old stand OF WIN.
Earger, next door 10 the ban. Ci Ottawa This
store has the reputation OF having excellent
goods, l~hcEis an important par, ia the line OF
mercbuudlstl and ! hope under my care, it sill
not be found wanting | wll! name some OF the
principal departments, in all OF which will he
found as good an assortment as can be found in
the city. There are some dep artmcnrsin which
desire to excel, and vii. leave the public TO
Judge itcre2am.U.Hs them; such as caicUes, Ia
dies SHOES, mushns, gloves and hosiery, Irish
linens, sauHets, t!aUHe.s, embroidered goods
80.
THE yUJlic ,cN o1ssrgcilatt they c1a rely on
tie Goods jeiog just ,riat zee represent
W,m to he,