The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1854-11-08

striving osly to enrich himself ont Of the common
fond.
In these progressive times suco csutiou-su,h
moral-msy be of use even here. This II Q great
coor try-very great, and has room for long roads
very long Ane who can cay thai ~ honest men
get more and more scarce, some great pr)ject may
rot BE- brsachs that ghs If properly condu to
cost ten Or twelve millions. but ~hich IL left to tue
mDaa emept Of reck ess men might cost four times
as nue.? Does not every one see that the fable,
duly poudere beforehand, may DO some good! Are
there rot In IL fcrewAIning, sdm0nition, oausonf
The Past History and Present Position OF the
Crimca.
From the Lordon Chronicle, Oct. IA
Historians inform Us that the Cfimes has. at dit.
iernt petiocs, bten partially or entirely occupied
by more than seventy Distinct nations. The object
o. rs latest masters APP TO bsve been the de-
ciept rule, and cf every relic Of mer magndcence
which might CONTRAST unfavoraby with the fortr,sses
aud srsepajs which constitute the monuments Of
their own supremacy The celebrated traveller, Dr..
OF The present century, was himself q witness Of
the baxbarous process 70 which va have referred
He saw mosques. minarets, and palaces stripped Of
f1e'r lesden roofs to furnish mstesisl for bullets.
prcesss value in the eyes Of the jealous Antiquity
rudely torn from their place, ard used up Ia the
construction o. cove nmens buildings. he told,
in answer to bis application for permission to pur-
chase the treasures which he 20 highly estimated
that, for reasons of State policy foreigner could
be allowed to carry tn other s0uDtries material evil
dsnce Of the former civilization OF the Crimea. and
Of the barbaIism Of those into whose hands 1t had
fallen. 1t is not surprising that be should have
corded, In terms a. strong az language could sup
ply, his unfayorabe impression Of the Russian an
lb0yites. They have" he says, "laid waste tue
G. urtry they have cut down the trees, and pulled
GOV the houses" .aud after proceeding to enume
rate other similar acts OF wanton tyranny he closes
his catalogue with tho wel-kao xn quotation sole
tudintm tociunt pocem orpvilant The port Of kaffs
WREN visited by DR.. Clarke, afforded q habitation
to only about fifty families and readers no. fami
liar with those melan shoy pages OF history watch
arrste the decadence of nations, will scarcely credit
the glowing description given by Sismondi OF the
same place as it existed four centuries ago. It was
8 en- the principal colony Of Genoa. Tivalilng the
mother city in population and wealth. and IL vas
the great market for the wood, WAX, and furs sn2-
Piled by northern regions. 1t formed the central
point Of communication between Europe and the
East-it rec eived, by way Of Astracan, the silks
and cottons of Persia and the Spices Of India-and
the wealth Of the foreigners established within its
walls was employed in developing the resources Of
the Caucasian mines The native Khans, whether
under compnlsi,n or from policy, had granted to
the coloaists the most liberal privileges, including
that Of exemption from all jurisdiction except vhat
Of their Rn authorities. Trade throve and wealth
increased, until, in an evil hour, the conqusring
arms of Mahonst II. asssiled tue, c,lony BY
sea, while an adverse party 10 the Peninsuia be-
seiged it by land. The Genoese were not back.
ward in assisting thsir fellow. citizens and, as
the power of the enemy prevented them from
sending maritime succor, hey despat he'd five hun.
dred soldiers, who, having made their way through
Hungary, Poland. and Lesser TaItary, reached their
destination in safety but too late to render efficient
service. The Crimea no longer afforded safe resi-.
ing place for the merchants Of the West, and It's
commercial emnence was lost. The final expulsion
OF the Genoese occurred in the year l475, and the
history ofthe next three centuries is only record Of
Russian aggression, often repelled, and systemaa.
caily renewed. In 1771, DOlogorouki forced the
lines Of Perekop, and the conquest Of the Peninsula
almost Immediately followed. N0minally, it remain.
ed for few years independent, but its complete
subjugation had been fully determined on by the
ambitious CZarina; and effective measures were
taken for accomplishing her design, In direct
breach Of the understanding which had been ed
tered into on the conquest OF the province, Russian
villages were erected aod coionsts we're sent to in.
habit them 900 Christian natives were expelled
from the homes by the PROTECTOR for the time be-
ing, Of the orthodox faithaDd in 1884 the country
vas formally incorporated with the gigantic empire
OF which IL has until now formed part. Ii Russian
accounts msy be edited, the commerce Of Kaffa,
during the period subseqnens to the annexation, in
creased at . marvellou~iy rapid rate. Es imports,
which are stated 10 have amounted Ia 1900 only to
81 41 roubles rose 70 1893 S95 in 1875 and In she
experts there was corresyoI ding augMsntlon. II
was afterwards deemed eKpedient, however, To sacr
fce The CI'ma II oIoer 10 promote TIE pros 1erity
q
Of the empire, presented few YEARS ago, n;ieatly
shows that no effort would ever nave been made 70
envelope these ratural advantages which, ia ancient
lines, gave 80 much importance to the province.
We Dave been compelled to speak in terms If re-
greet as TO The past conduct OF Turkish allies ia
tbs Crimea; but b.tseen thor mi deeds aud those
ri Rpssia here is one difference, too important
to be over, ooked. At the clcse OF the fiftseu,h
century, the OttomaDs had not enjoyed tue op
portunIty Of acquiring Euroeesn civilization.
They were then barbarous people, who had been
Taught by experience to regard Themselves as
an an Isolated race, and as the hereditary foes Of
man, 1t ia not less true chat every mao's hand
Was against them. For the conduct Of Russia
at the close Of the 18th century, the claim to
indulgence cannot be preferred. A Christian power
which has systematicalS disregardad the rules Of
justice which has caught at every pretext for war
and conquest-which has followed up victory by
exn rniI alton, and been greater terror to its
subjects than to its enemiesfs not to be judged by
the rules which applicable to remote periods and
to the uncultivated champions Of faith in theory
less pure. Yet let il Lot be forgotten that some Ave
centur es ago, the first conflict between Russia and
Turkey origin nted in the efforts of the latter to ac-
camplisb commercial achievement as great per-
baps, in it's own day the division of the Isshmus
Of Panama wonld be at the present time. The Turks
wers eDgsged in cutting Q canal, with the view Of
uniting the Don and tbs Volga, and thus affording
the facilities Of water carriage to the mer ;handse OF
the East, WHEN they were, for the Ss time, assaled
by the hor0es OF Muscovy. Ever since that period,
the DOttO Of SuSela nds Deen qu0tiS 40 tncepO and
lereath her blighting sway. CONNER. al as veil as
political freedom has lapguisbed and decayed.
Now tnat this Incubus Is about to be cast of by
the aims of the Western Powers, we cannot bnt an
tcpase fer the potts Of the Crimea and for the ex.
tensive districts borderipg upon the Black Sea,
partial revival OF their former pros peity Although
our commercial intercourse with the East has since
tho period to width we last referred, found more
convenient highway, the value of the market nov
thrown open TO US is not to be despised. Nor can
1t be doubted that the losses occssioned by o re.
stricted intercourse with Ros ia and even by the
absolute interd ciion Of traffic with that country
should the exigeDcies of the war render such
step necessary will, In q few years. be
amply repaid by the new channels whi;h will
he rendered accessible 10 the enterprise of our
merchants. 1t Is easy 20 parade, In exaggerated
lsDguage, the population aud the wealth Of that
vass pc ton OF the Emopsan continent which is
suoject TO the sway OF the AntocrAt but hgnres
ITO clear tn be misunderstood show us that Ca5a,