davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Jeffersonian. [volume] (Stroudsburg, Pa.) 1853-1911, 1854-02-09
Opening Of the BelVidere Della
ware Railroad.

The celebration Of the opening Of this
road TO Easton, took place on Friday
last, and is spoken of as having been a
splendid and happy affair. The excur-
Sionists left Philadelphia at half-past
eight in the morning. There were about
eight hundred passengers, including the
Mayor of the City and a number of other
city officers. A fne band of music also
accompanied them. When the train
reached Lambertville, n. j., the Govern
or of New Jersey and the members of
the Legislature got on the train, and with
this accession it proceeded to Pbilipsburg,
opposite Easton, where it arrived at one
o'clock, P. NJ.
Here the excursion party was greeted
with the firing of cannon, display of flags
and other demonstrations of welcome.--
The excursionists formed in procession at
Phi!ipsburg, and crossed the bridge, and
at Its western extremity the formal recep-
tion of the Philadelphians By the autbo-
rites and citizens of Easton took place
Speeches were made and great enthusiasm
was manifested.
A. II, Reeder, Esq, welcomed the
guests on behalf of Easton, and VIM. S.
Smith, Esq, of Philadelphia, responded.
When these were concluded, the pro-
cessioo was reformed, including the mill
tary aud a number of Eastonians as an
escort, and passed through the paincipal
streets, to the Masonic Hall, where a
grand banquet for the guests from Phila-
delphia and Trenton was prepared.
After dinner, speeches were delivered
by the Hon. j. NJ. Porter, Mayor Gilpin,
Judge Mccartney, Gov. Price, of n. Jer-
sey, H. D. Maxwell, Attorney General
Thompson of New Jersey, and others
IL The evening there was a splendid Ball
10 wind up the happy affair. Everybody
was delighted, and enjoyed the occasion
with the highest zest.
The Toad which has thus been opened
is ffty-four miles in length from Trenton
to Easton, the former point being twenty
eight miles from Philadelphia by the
Philadelphia and Trenton Railroad
The whole distance, by railroad, from
EastOn to Philadelphia is eighty-two
miles.
The Jeffersonian. [volume] (Stroudsburg, Pa.) 1853-1911, 1854-02-09
Au0itor's Notife.
In the Orphans Court of Monroe Count

In the Orphans Court Of Monroe County.
In the matter of the account of Abraham
Shifer, administrator Of the estate of John
Shiffer, deceased.
The Undersigned, auditor appointed by the
said Court to examine, resettle and make dis
tribution, will attend to the duties of his ap.
pointment on Friday, the oath day of Febru-
airy next, at ten o'clock a. m. at his office, in
Strouds6urg, when and where all persons in.
terested can attend.
SAMUEL s. DREHER, Auditor.
January 81, 1854.
The Jeffersonian. [volume] (Stroudsburg, Pa.) 1853-1911, 1854-02-09
New York Markets.

NEW YonK, Feb. e.--Flour, &c-Tbe
market for Western and State Flour o.
pened firm at the advance established on
Saturday afternoon; sales 10000 brls at
So s71a9 for common to straight State,
50 25 for mixed to fancy Michigan and
Indiana, and common to good Ohio Ca
madam 6rmer; sales 1000 brls deliverable
18th March, at SO, and after change hours
on Saturday, 5000 brls at 1913. South
ern frmer; sales 500 brls at s9a9 20 for
common to straight brands. Rye Flour
and Corn Meal firm.
Grain-Wheat market quiet and un-
settled; small sale of red Long Island,
was made at So 06. Rye frmer but qui-
ct. Corn 6rmer, sales 10, 900 bushels Jer-
sey yellow, and Southern white and yell
low at $1a1 02.
Whiskey-Steady, sales 200 brls Pris-
on at % cts.
The Jeffersonian. [volume] (Stroudsburg, Pa.) 1853-1911, 1854-02-09

III I'VE were shown last week one of the
most handsome and natural looking sci
of artificial Teeth that we have ever seen
and as we are always pleased to notice
merit, or superior skill, whenever an op-
portuDity offers, we therefore take the es-
pecial pleasure in making the present one.
The set of teeth were made for lady of
this place, by DR.. V. NJ. Swayze, and set
upon a rich, heavy gold plate, in the most
perfect manner. But We learn previous
to consulting him, the lady had employed
another dentist TO make her set, but be-
ing unable to wear them at all, and after
the dentist owned that be could not m axe
her set, and did not believe she could have
a set made in town, owing to some pre-
tended difficulty, she got set as above
stated, which is now worn with all COM
fort and satisfaction.
But that DR.. Swayze should succeed
where others fail, is not at all surprising,
for it is well known that he has availed
himself Of every opportunity, sparing
neither time nor money TO qualify himself
in an eminent degree, for the successful
prosecution of his profession.-EaSton
Whig.
The Jeffersonian. [volume] (Stroudsburg, Pa.) 1853-1911, 1854-02-09

AZ
OF Court commences on Monday the 27th
inst at. 10 o'clock a. m.
GRAND JURORS.
Strouds6urg.-PeterH Hinton aud Peter
Buskirk.
Stroud-Franklin Starbird, Joseph Lee,
Peter Metzgar. and George Hefard.
!Smitfeld-John Hoffman, Jr. John Yeisly,
Henry Brotzmap. and Andrew Bush.
II. SmitfeLd-Martin o. Moser, John Pr
pher, and William Howey.
Hamilton-Geo. K. SHUTTER, John Shiffer.
Pocono-Thos. M'Elhaney, Peter Transue.
Eldred-Dayd Barlip, Michael Christman.
Pdradise-Amos Groner, Simon Marsh.
ChesnuthiH-Peter Kresge.
Price-Chrstan Yeakey.
RosS-Joseph Atemose.
PETIT Jurors.
!Strouds5urg-Jobn Wolf, Davis D. Wal
ton, Mark Miller, and Charles Andre.
PoIk-Jacob Dotter, Aaron Serfass, Joseph
Gruber, John Ruff
Eldred-Joseph Frable, Charles Berger.
.Stroud-Vancura Bush, Benjamin Arndt,
Daniel Walter, Joseph Strunk.
Pocono-Peter Learn, Joseph Bury, Will
liam Albertson.
RoSS--Joseph Starner.
Price-WIlliam Price.
Haqai1ton-John Keller, John Hinkle, Jo-
mas Neyhart.
Smithfeld--Abraham Fenner, Chas. Pos
tens, Adam Bogart
Jackson-George Reinhart.
Chesnuthi1--Dan1 Weiss. Philip Kresge.
ToJyhanna-Peter Kinney, John Keyser.
NJ Smuhfeld-WilIiam Hanna, William
Overfieid, sr. Michael Kintner, John Place,
Moses Depue, Henry Albert.
The Jeffersonian. [volume] (Stroudsburg, Pa.) 1853-1911, 1854-02-09
CaraeIters Convention.

Pursuant TO notice, large number of
the Carpenters of Monroe county, met
in Convention at Snydersville. February
4th, 1854, to take into consideration the
practicability of cxacting an advance upon
:heir wages and adopting such other meas
ures as might be deemed conducive to
their mutual benefit.
The Convention was organized by the
appointment of the following officers -
GEO. L. SHUTTER, President.
MELcHoIR SPRAGLE, (v pros;dorts
JOHN BARRY,
5ssas 5os. B. q. 1l1i;g, naast, Secretaries.
The Committee appointed to draft Res
clutions, expressive of the sense of the
meeting, reported the following, which
were unanimously adopted.
Hhereas, the current price Of almost
every commodity that enters into domes-
tic consumption having materially ad-
vanced, we deem it our duty to demand
that the price of labor should keep pace
with exchangeable value. Therefore
RcSo'rod, That on and after the first
day of April, 1854, we will exact an ad-
vance upon Carpenters wages of 25
cents per diem.
Rcs0frca, That We stand mutually and
-olemnly pledged to each other to sustain
and carry out the above Resolution.
Resolred, Thatwe deem it inoxpedient
at present to adopt the "ten hour system"
ResoErod, That the proceedings of this
meeting be signed by the Officers, and
published.
(Sig,1ed by the Of'cers.)
The Jeffersonian. [volume] (Stroudsburg, Pa.) 1853-1911, 1854-02-09
AuAitor's Notifr.

In the Orphans Court Of Monroe County.
In the matter of the account Of Jonas Ney-
hart and Abraham Metzgar, executors OF the
last will and testament of Henry Neyhart,
deceased.
The undersigned, auditor appointed by the
said Court to examine, resettle, and Ike dis
tributiop, will attend to the duties of his ap-
poinment on Friday, the Gath day of Februa-
ry next, at ten o'clock a. IN. at the Office of
James H. Walton, Esq. in Stroudsburg, when
and where all persons interested can attend
F. STARBIRD, Auditor.
January 80 1854,
The Jeffersonian. [volume] (Stroudsburg, Pa.) 1853-1911, 1854-02-09
Notice to Bridge Builders,

Notice is hereby given that the Commits
sioners will, on Friday, the oath day Of Feb
ruary, 1854, at o'clock p. NJ, receive CON-
tracts for the building of a County Bridge -
yer the BusbkilI creek, near the tannery of
Miller & Mackey, in Middle Smith6eld town.
ship.
The model of the bridge, bills Of timber,
&C., can be seen by calling at the Commis-
sioners office.
JACOB ALTEMOSE, }
JOHN c.. STRUNK : COmrs
MELCHOIR DBEHER,
February 9, 1851.
The Jeffersonian. [volume] (Stroudsburg, Pa.) 1853-1911, 1854-02-09

The Albany Register says that farm
er 'out West thinks the Sitank-higl
chickens well named, for they are all legs.
The moment, he says, you cut off the
head, the legs fall apart. The reason
why they crow SO much earlier than other
chickens is that their legs are SO long
they can see daylight coming, long be-
fore other fowls!
The Jeffersonian. [volume] (Stroudsburg, Pa.) 1853-1911, 1854-02-09

Hsg" Punch defines Court House as
place where penny's worth of justice is
purchased with shilling's worth of law.
There is only one thing less profitable
than sueing people, and that is going
their security.
The Jeffersonian. [volume] (Stroudsburg, Pa.) 1853-1911, 1854-02-09
(Signed by the Ofcers.)

R9rT The proprietors Of Tammauy Hall
have instituted an action in the Superior
Court against the members of the Demo
cratic General Committee of the year
1852, to recover the sum of Sl617, al
legged to be due for rent, broken furniture,
broken gla SIS, refreshments, &c.
The Jeffersonian. [volume] (Stroudsburg, Pa.) 1853-1911, 1854-02-09

The emigration to Texas seems to be
increasing. The Gonzales Inquirer states,
on competent authority, that between
Preston, on the Red River, and Gonzales,
two thousand three hundred enigrant
wagons we're recently counted. Most Of
the "moVers" were from Mississippi.
The Jeffersonian. [volume] (Stroudsburg, Pa.) 1853-1911, 1854-02-09
WOrthy Of Note.

Capt. WM. P. HALLocK, of this place,
left at our Office on Thursday last, an
hens egg which measures eight and three
quarter inches in circumference one way,
aud six and q half the other.
The Jeffersonian. [volume] (Stroudsburg, Pa.) 1853-1911, 1854-02-09

The Cincinnati Commercial says, on a
trial before the Police Court, it came out
that many hundreds of barrels of blood
are annually used in that city for making
sweet wine
The Jeffersonian. [volume] (Stroudsburg, Pa.) 1853-1911, 1854-02-09

sgA man of most grave aspect came
u and asked US whether the seat of war,
was an arm chair or a rocker! We re-
'lied IAN ottoman. upon which he lifted
Up his hands and eyes, and so departed
The Jeffersonian. [volume] (Stroudsburg, Pa.) 1853-1911, 1854-02-09
PALMER & BROTHER.

- ESPECTFULLY inform the Mer.
A~ chants of Stroudsburg and vicinity,
that they have on hand and are manufac-
turing
PURE TALLoW CANDLES,
in the Borough of Stroudsburg, and viii
keep constantly on hand full supply,
which they offer for sale at as low rates
as can be had at any other establishment.
Call before purchasing elsewhere
Stroudsburg, February :, 1854,
The Jeffersonian. [volume] (Stroudsburg, Pa.) 1853-1911, 1854-02-09

BIG Ox.-The St. Lawrence Republi-
can says there is an OK now in Ogdens-
burg, which was raised in Vermont, and
is now FIVE years and FIVE months ole, ,and
measures twenty feet from tip to tip.
girths ten feet three inches, and weighs
four b5oASund I0umdS.
The Jeffersonian. [volume] (Stroudsburg, Pa.) 1853-1911, 1854-02-09

APpol'etment By the GoUernor.--The
Governor has appointed Gen. VIM. F.
Packer and Judge James L. ellis, Re,
ceiyers to take possession Of and superin-
teud the works of the late Franklin
Canal Company.
The Jeffersonian. [volume] (Stroudsburg, Pa.) 1853-1911, 1854-02-09

Potatoes are selling in Warren county
and other portions of the upper part OF
Pennsylvania for 81 and 40 cents per
bushel. AT Easton, Pa, they are quoted
at 20 and IS cents.
The Jeffersonian. [volume] (Stroudsburg, Pa.) 1853-1911, 1854-02-09

Pa5ltc Works.-It appears, BY the re.
port of the Auditor Gederal, that the
whole receipts from the public works, dur
ing the last fiscal year, were sl,s63. .29l
II, while the expenses reached s2,7sO,.
$50 70: excess of expenditures over re-
ceipts, Ss37 $50 65.
The Jeffersonian. [volume] (Stroudsburg, Pa.) 1853-1911, 1854-02-09
Che 1efcrsonian.
Thursday, February o, 1854.

The pupils of the StrOudsburg Academy
intend holding an exhibition, Friday e.
veuing, February 10th. at the Court
House Exercises will consist of Decla-
nation and singing, admission l23 cents.
Tickets can be obtained at Samuel Mel
lick's or of the pupils. All money re-
c4ivcd will be expended in purchasing
books for their library.
The Jeffersonian. [volume] (Stroudsburg, Pa.) 1853-1911, 1854-02-09

BS~It is said that one of the most dis.
tiusuished physicians of New England as
cribes the fearful increase of cases or par
a.ysis TO the use Of stoves in close rooms.
particularly in sleeping apartments.
The Jeffersonian. [volume] (Stroudsburg, Pa.) 1853-1911, 1854-02-09

IL A man was found mounted on a
ladder, with his lips pressed to the tele-
crap wires. He was kissing his wife in
Philadelphia 'by telegraph
The Jeffersonian. [volume] (Stroudsburg, Pa.) 1853-1911, 1854-02-09

The collectors of State and County taxes
will please take notice that all duplicates
older than 1853, must be settled up by the
next term of the court, and the collectors os
1853, are requested to make liberal payments
by the same time, or no longer time will be
allowed them.
JACOB ALTEMOSE,
JOHN C.. STRUNK, Conrs.
MEKCHOIR DREHER,
February 9, 1854.
The Jeffersonian. [volume] (Stroudsburg, Pa.) 1853-1911, 1854-02-09

lanes L. Hoare was executed on Fri
day morning in the court yard of the Ci-
ty Prison, New York, for the murder of
Susan McAnany.
The Jeffersonian. [volume] (Stroudsburg, Pa.) 1853-1911, 1854-02-09

H'iH Ducks.-NoRFoLK, Feb.2.-A-
bout fourteen hundred wild ducks were
shipped from Norfolk yesterday for New
Y ork.
The Jeffersonian. [volume] (Stroudsburg, Pa.) 1853-1911, 1854-02-09

IgThe fellow who eats his dinner
with the fork of a river, generally carves
his meat with a shoulder blade.
The Jeffersonian. [volume] (Stroudsburg, Pa.) 1853-1911, 1854-02-09
De ED.

In Stroudsburg, on the I'd inst. Aaron
Buskirk, aged about 81 years,
The weekly Portage sentinel. [volume] (Ravenna, Ohio) 1854-1861, 1854-10-18

To the Democracy who have firmly stood
the brunt Of the battle--who have shrunk
not under the shock Of passion and perse-
cution-who have been true to their coun-
try and themselves, we say that time will
vindicate their course. Their patriotism
will be the admiration of all who love their
country, do fealty to the Constitution, and
venerate the examples of the fathers of
American freedom. We tell them to be of
good cheer. Not year will elapse before
the foe, now SO exultant, will "fall before
u.s." With every possible combination
against US, the old and true Democracy has
accomplished wonders. 1t is the only po-
lltical party that possesses principles which
are acknowledged from the forests of Maine
to the golden sands Of the Sacramento
No other party has an existence, and our
defeat is attributable alone to an unnatural
fusion that must explode by its incongruous
elements. de-. t ..
We will not upbraid the Democrats
no, not even the foreign. born ctizens-who
forsook us in the hour of need. They are
our citizens. They must prosper or
perish beneath the same genial skies or
freezing blasts that encompass us. We are
sure "there's good time coming" and the
sooner it does come the better for our coun-
try, and the better for those who were once,
and will be again, with the Democracy
Cincinnati Enquirer.
The weekly Portage sentinel. [volume] (Ravenna, Ohio) 1854-1861, 1854-10-18
Items on Ncws.

OtTNapoleon Turner, the famous circus
rider, died in Kentuckyrecently Of cholera.
or During September there were 65
deaths in Wheeling; none of cholera.
0trHenry Schoolcrsft, an actor died at
Mobile last week. ..l
0- Senator Jones, of Iowa, has had
fight with Mr.. Lorimer, in that State for
calling the latter liar.
OSTA Know-N Nothing member has been
expelled because he was seen slipping an
Irish whiskey punch with German Silver
spoon. ....r az ,r.. ............
0TThc Milwaukee Wisconsin says, the
p ,tatoe crop of the State is large and ex-
cellent. ....G I'D. ...... ns.-..
Or An English writer says, you can tell
when you are surrounded by dozen Amer
leans by the following uaerring test-s will
be found smoking cigars, and 9 reading news
6F Four paupers, named Henry Whalen'
John Delaney, Richard Murry and Joseph
Goldthrop, were arraigned before Justice
Russell, of Boston, few days ago, and or
dered to be sent back to England in the ship
Star Of Empire.
GrReading, Pa has population now ol
10000. 1t is the greatest iron manufacture
ing city in Eastern Pennsylvania, and it is
estimated that in ten years the population
will be 100000.
GJThe Delaware County Bank, at Mum
Gle, Indiana, one of the Free Indians
Banks, has closed its office at Muncie. The
notes are redeemed ut Marion, Ohio. More
of them will close, and we hope they will
all continue to redeem.
~ The wife of the Rev. Mr.. SPENCER
a missionary among the Chippewa Indians
in Minnesota, was recently murdered by
party of Sioux.
0FThe Ohio Statesman, of Thursda..
morning says 1--WE are informed that tn
Banks of this State have now ready, nn'
will soon put in circulation small bills to tn
amount of 100000, to take the place o
foreign paper withdrawn from the State."-
o. JoHF; R. STEPHENS, of Hornells
vile, New York, has obtained a judgmen
against the Buffalo and New York City
Road for something like $4,000, for dana
ges in running across his farm without pay
/ ing any compensation therefore, or even pro,
curing the right of way. ..
I GA writer in the Lake Superior Jour.
nal suggests that the new State which it Is
proposed to form of that portion Of Mich
gan, south of Lake Superior, and portions
of Wisconsin and Minnesota, should be call
ed Huron. A more beautiful and express
i've name could not be adopted.
i GAF There are, in the United States, 40,
564 physicians, l9l surgeons, 6,l39 apothe'
aries, 465 chemists, 1929 dentists, 10 oc
culsts, and so professed patent medicine
makers. aa
OF Mr.. CAREY, Sunday School Agent a
St. Louis, says that 1000 Sunday school
have been organized in Missouri, and part
of Illinois and Iowa, in the last nine years
There are also between 900 and 700 in Tex
as
The weekly Portage sentinel. [volume] (Ravenna, Ohio) 1854-1861, 1854-10-18

Salt Creek Washington, Madison, Seioto
and Muhledbsrg townships, who very much
need the pruning book applied 70 them,
Let Us make out a list OF these fraitoFs' ana
bind them hand and foot, and cast them INTO
outer darkness-thefs shall be weeping
and wailing and gnsshing Of teeth. Lei
us thus get rid Of these wolves in sleeps
clothing, and then, and not until then, we
shall have pure party, and shall have peace
and quiet in our ranks. One true soidier Is
worth a hundred towards and traitors
Agree upon the time for holding the meet.
inc, friends, and We will give the notice and
be with you." .,.r H-r-. q ,.et -ati
The weekly Portage sentinel. [volume] (Ravenna, Ohio) 1854-1861, 1854-10-18

FINANCE BUREAU, PosT OFFICE DEPART
MENT.-The operations Of the Finance Bu-
reau of the General Post Office Depart
ment for the current year, says contempo-
rary, disclose the fact of rapid increase in
the business and Importance of the dead
letter Office. In the first quarter of 1862
the number of dead letters found by the
openers, which contained money, was 1919
the amount $lO,23O; second quarter, 1875
letters and $ll,176; third quarter, 1874 let
ters, and $lO,S69 fourth quarter, 1892 let
ters, and $ll,743. In the quarter ended
March 3lst, ls54-two years afterwards
the number of valuable dead letters reach
ed 1880, containing $l4,4Ol. The second
quarter yielded 2,4S7 letters, and $l4,325
in money. We have from the third quar-
ter-ended 3Oth September last-2,354 let
ters, in which were found $l4,O8S in cash.
When it is recollected that. these do not
embrace the dead letters from foreign coun-
tries-whch are all returned unopened-the
progress of this branch of governmental
service is more apparent. .0-.r. .... -.,
The weekly Portage sentinel. [volume] (Ravenna, Ohio) 1854-1861, 1854-10-18

nyGovernor German, of Minnesota
gives the following account of the crops in
that territory: -
Gall the cereals have matured finely and
yielded large crops; and so with oil the es-
culents. Our wheat crops will reach about
$4,000 bushels; corn about 35 900 to 5O,-
600, potatoes, the yield is very large and OF
choice quality, estimated at 100000 bush
els. There will also be large yield of
cranberries. Turnips, rutabagas, and pump.
kins have yielded the largest crop to the
acre, generally, have ever seen grow on
any part of the continent. Our turnip anc
rutabaga crop cannot fall short of 400, 200
bushels; but these are mostly fed to our cat
tie during the winter" -.,
The weekly Portage sentinel. [volume] (Ravenna, Ohio) 1854-1861, 1854-10-18

d NEBRASKA GoING AHEAD-Omaha City,
Nebraska territory, promises to be a second
edition of Chicago, and other fourishing west
ern cities, the sudden rise and prosperity Of
which have astonished the civilized world
we have before us aplan Of Omaha city, laid
out in lots Numbering from one up to three
hundred and twenty-five. We have here
jefferson Square, Pierce, Marcy, Douglas,
Harney, Scott Jackson, Pacific, Mason, Gala
ifornia, and others streets, running east and
west crossed at right angles by streets num-
bered from one to twenty-three. The lots will
improve them. A brick building for the Ter.
ritorial Legislature is in progress,and various
other improvements are under way. Alto
gether the prospects of Omaha City are
good. Ho! for Nebraska. 3@Gj h2f
The weekly Portage sentinel. [volume] (Ravenna, Ohio) 1854-1861, 1854-10-18
A Lost Vessel Come 20 Light--Her
Crew Murdered by the MOFInOns.

The Buffalo kePabtsc OF yesterday says:
A rumor has been current for several days
on our docks that the schooner Robert Wa
lis, whose sudden disappearance on Lake
Michigan last fall was noticed at the time,
and OF which no intelligence was ever after
wards received, had been captured by the
Mormons, Of Beaver Island, her captain and
crew .massacred, and the vessel unloaded
and scuttled. At the time Of her loss the
Willis was bound from Chicago to this port
with cargo Of wheat, and was last seen by
the schoooer lansing, on the 22d ofNovem-
Der, off Sheboygan, bound up the lake in a
very heavy north.eas gale. The news ot
her capture, &C., is said to have been receiv-
ed through Mormon who escaped from the
community at Beaver Island, and who has
made oath to the facts above stated. 1t is
also said that the U. s, steamer Michigan
has been sent to the Island to look into the
affair.
The weekly Portage sentinel. [volume] (Ravenna, Ohio) 1854-1861, 1854-10-18

THE WORKING CLAssEs.-I have no sympa-
thy whatever with those who would grudge
our workmen and our humble people the very
highest acquisitions which their taste, or
their time, or their inclination would lead
them to realize; for, next to the salvation of
their souls, certainly say that the object of
my fondest aspirations is the moral, intellect
ual, and, as a sure consequence of this, the
economical advancement of the working
classes-the one object which, of all Others
in the wide range Of political speculation, is
the one which should be dearest to the heart
of every true philanthropist and every trne
patriot.-Reu. DR.. Chalmers. Y 1aii ~