davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Burlington free press. [volume] (Burlington, Vt.) 1827-1865, 1854-06-30
A q Il ICU LTU II Al.
A Few words on Butter uuL,uc.

The production Of Butter involves so many
intricate questions of organic chcn,s,rv-so
many nice physiological consldera' lons--Is in
fuenced So much by climate. by suil. Nv food
and by breed, age and condition of tho COWS.
that an essay might easily be written on the sub
ject, while it Is exceedingly difficult TO soy any
Thing interesting IN single short article.
Milk contains curd, sugar of mix, and butter.
The latter exists in the form of small oilv eo-
bules, encased by films Of curd. These plo5u-
les are specifically lighter than water, 50 that
when the milk is allowed to stand they Gradual
lv rise to the surface and con tiiuIr cream.
When the cream is kept ot moderate 'cmprrI-
ture, the sugar, under the influence Of jh" curd
and air, is transformed into llctic ncld, accoi-
ding to well-known chemical principles.
The object of churnlng is TO separate the
butter from the curd BY which it Is surrounded
This is accomplished simply by alitatiug the
cream and breaking the films Of curd setting the
oil free which runs together and iurtu- hIups of
butter. Cream from the formation OF tactic acld.
is generally sour before churning. aul # o. T..
always becomes SO during the operation Thr
Tactic acid acts the films of curd. and renders
then more easily broken. Durlng lh" process
the cream incGedsr, ia temperature from , Ia
I0-. The best temperature at which 10 cburn
the cream Is disputed point. It appears. how
ever to be well established bp numerous pxpe-
TlIneule, l1hl ID WHen l1e cream l. put IN the
churn, and about 65 : when the butter comes
afford the best result If higher th,n tins. the
butter Is white and soft If lower tue whole Of
the butter is not separated, and the labor of
c1urnlng IS much increased. The butter should
come in from 20 to 40 minutes. If obtained
quicker II is generally at the expense Of color
flavor and hardness. After the cream is "bruke"
1t Should be churned slowly TIL the butter Is
gathered.
Some good butter-makers do not wash the
butter at all, merely working out the butcrmllk
by pressure. Where good cool spring water
can be obtained, we should always prefer tu
throughy wash the butter, taking great pains
to remove all the buttermlk. Butter generally
contains about l5 per cent. of water. curl &c
1t is important for the preservation Of butter
that as much of this possible should be reno
we'd. The quantity of salt required, depends
upon the quantity of water in the butter. The
water should be saturated with sail hence, the
less water the butter contains, the less sat will
be required for lis preservation.
We need hardly say that the most scrupul.us
cleanliness Is required in all the operations of
butter-makng. Cream Is more easily tainted
by noxlous gases than almost anv other sub
stance. Hence, not only must the dairy or
cellar be itself clean, but all fumes from he
barn yard, or out-buildings, carefully exclu.
ded. - Rural .NelD YORKER.
Burlington free press. [volume] (Burlington, Vt.) 1827-1865, 1854-06-30

PROSPECTS OF A WAR WITH SPArN.-The
special Washington correspondent of the New
York Evening Post, says.
Preparations for war with Spain, if she will
not sell Cuba, go on steadily and firmly.
Military and naval stores are being collected
in great quantity at all convenient points.
All the vessels of war and naval stations
are undergoing a thorough inspection.
All vessels of war are detained in port.
All idea of reducing the surplus in the
treasury by reducing dutes-so strongly rec
commended by the President in his message,
and by the Secretary of the Treasury in his
reports given up, although the surplus is
nearly double.
Dallas and Cobb are to 60 to Madrid, to
bring back Cuba or war. They will do what
is required OF them. Cobb is furious Gu
banite Dallas is u poor devil that runs upon
every scent the administration gives out, and
besides is uncle to Bob Walker, and under
contract and war is to Bob what a railroad
charter is, mere speculation.
Nullifers in Congress say, Cuba or war in
six months members of thu Cabinet say this
administration uiH have Cuba.
Burlington free press. [volume] (Burlington, Vt.) 1827-1865, 1854-06-30

WoMAH's SPHERE AND WoM,N's RIGHTS
The following essay upon these important
topics will be regarded, as effectually dlsposing
of a subject which has long and seriously vex-
ed the noodles of many strong minded women
and as many weak minded men. 1t was not
written for the press, and possesses therefore
the rare quality Of being frank, honest, unbias-
sed and fearless expression Of opinion. 1t is
veritabe exercise incomposItion recently pre-
sented to the teacher of New England semi
mary by pupil 2l years of age. 1t is copied
from the original manuscript, uerbdttm, iitera-
tim et punci atm
WoMAy-Thnk of the woman think how
she forms the mind. She takes the infant
from the Cradle and She trans 1t either for
good or beard aud rcars 1t form and also the
woman forms It's habits either for good or beard
and ought not the Sphere of woman 10 be
hlly remberd, then let us remember that the
woman Is troden down. She has not her wrlls
then let us remember that we give her equel
wr,s and also let Gus look at the yong man
when he is paying her his Visits to her he will
do all he can TO obtain her company, and if its
hapns that She gives him the mlten he will
morn and he will say he don't Care and give up
and Is the case sometimes will make drunk
ard OF himself, but # he obtulns her company
| he maryes her and in a little while he will for
get his first love; andwil be IN the Street a lot
/ ering about and leave his wife alone and i
She has family, She has to take care OF them
-Trapeier.
Burlington free press. [volume] (Burlington, Vt.) 1827-1865, 1854-06-30

The Legislature of Connecticut have made
1t their first business to pass a prohibitory
Liquor Law. Its principal provisions are a,
follows:
In the first place, it permits man
to make the apples of his own growth or
gathering into cider, and his own grapes, cur
rant or other fruit into wine. But it forbids
MN selling either his wine or cider in any
less quantity than five gallons to BIZ ''actually
taken ut one time"
Importers of foreign liquors may sell such
as they import, IN the original casks or pack
ages.
The county commissioners may give au-
thority to any person to manufacture intoxi-
eating liquors, but such manufacturers can only
sell to the agents appointed by the town for
the sale oi liquor, under a penalty of not less
than s 900 or more than $4,000.
The selcctmen ofany town may appoint not
mere than three agents to sell liquors, for sa-
crimental, medicinal, chemical, and mechani-
ca purposes only.
The penalty of manufacturing contrary to
law is, for the first offence 800 and costs of
prosecution, or sixty days imprisonment for
the second offence $500 or four months impri-
sonmcnt ; for each subsequent offence 5000 and
four months imprisonment. For selling, the
penalty is for the first offence 500 and cost of
prosecution; and for every subsequent offence
800, and Imprisonment for not less than
three nor more than six months. This penalty
applies to all clerks, agents and servants, as
well as to the principal.
The ninth section makes it equally crimi-
nal for any person to keep liquor with the in
tent to sell it, and the intent is inferred from
the fact that he has liquor in his possession.
Two persons of good moral character can
affirm before a magistrate that they have rea-
son to believe, and do believe, that liquor is
kept for the purpose of being sold in any par
.icular place, and this is sufficient to cause
the issue of search warrants. When liquor is
found, and the owner therof fails to show that
1t was not intended for sale, then it must be
handed over to the town agent for the benefit
of the town; or lift is to poor for sale, in the
opinion of the agent then it is to be destroy
ed
Section seventeen provides that if any per-
son is found intoxicated, he shall be seized
without a warrant, and shut up until he tes-
tifes where he got his liquor. If he refuses
todo 50, then he must be prosecuted for drunk
enness, and pay fine Of $50, and stand COM
mitted until he pays up. But if he owns up
freely and fully, then he must be liberated
and the person of whom he obtained the
liquor must be brought up.
No debt contracted for liquors can DC col
lected by law.
Burlington free press. [volume] (Burlington, Vt.) 1827-1865, 1854-06-30

Romantic llIsToRY. past history of the
families of Louis Napoleon and the Sultan of
Turkey, is full of interesting and marvellous
incidents, some Of which are. probably, not
generally known to our readers. These two
monarchs now so cordially united in the strug-
gle to maintain the integrity Of the Ottoman
Empire are both grandsons of American
ladies' These ladies' were born and raised in
the same ncighbourhood, on the island of
Martinique, one of the West Indies. They
were of French origin, and companions and
intimate friends in childhood and youth. They
were Josephine Taschcr and "A Miss S-The
history of Josephine is generally known. She
went to France. and was married to NJ De
Beauharnais, by whom she had one son, Eu-
gene, and a daughter, Ilortense. Some time
after the death of Beauharnais, Josephine
was married to Napoleon Bonaparte, and be-
came Empress of France. Her daughter, lIor-
tense, was married to Louis Bonapartc, then
King of Holland, and the present Emperor of
France is her son by that marriage. Miss )
quilted the island of Martinique some time
before her friend but the vessel that was car
rying her to France was attacked and taken
by the Algerine corsairs, and the crew and pas
scngcrs made prisoners. But this corsair
ship was in turn attacked and pillaged by
Tuns pirates, and Miss S-was carried by
'h''h w anu oiicicu ioi shlc
as slave. Her extraordinary beauty and ac-
compishmcnts found her purchaser in the
Sultan himself and she soon became the chiel
lady of the Seraglio, and S"l'"na ol turkey
MaImoud II ~ her son, aud the present
sultan, ABDUL Medjid, is the son of Mahmoud.
Thus the two sovereigns who now occupy so
large space in the worlds eye are the grand
sons of two American creole girls, who We're
playmatcs in their youth, and were as re-
markable for their beauty and excellent dis
positions as for their varied and singular for
tunes. Both of these women, in their pros
perity, remembered all the friends Of their
youth, and provided munifcently for their
welfare. Many of the relatives Of the Sulta-
ma left the island of Martinique, and settled
at Constantinople, where their descendant,
still reside, and enjoy the favor of the Sultan
The Sultana died in ISL, and Josephine
some four years after, and their grandsons
now rule over two wide and powerful empires
and have entered, as friends and allies, upon
one of the most momentous and sanguinary
struggles in which Europe was ever involved
Burlington free press. [volume] (Burlington, Vt.) 1827-1865, 1854-06-30

GOLDEN RULES, FOR THE GUIDANCE OF THE
GREEN.-lf you require person to become
security for you don't ask the man who pro-
missed he would do anything for you when he
knew that you didn't wunt any thing done. If
you happen to know an author don't own 1t /;
one half of the world won't believe you, and
the other half won't think much of it, if they
do. Don't say you never take suppers, eS-
ccePtng, where you know they never gave, any.
If you don't know what every body else knows
you had better hold your tongue; ; and if you
know something that everybody else knows you
rad better hold your tongue too. fyou hap,
pen to say something in society which causes
painful sensation, you had better 90 out for
a walk for five minutes. you intend to do a
good thing don't change your mind and if
you possess five pound note don't chang
that. These, and a few other golden rules
which we don't exactly remember, should be
learned by heart, as they will prevent your
appearing green, and people looking blue
DiogeneS.
Burlington free press. [volume] (Burlington, Vt.) 1827-1865, 1854-06-30

MrLrrM IN PARyo,-Perhaps the brieicst
personal memoirs ever written were the ME
moirs of Count Rastopchin,' written in ten
minutes, We subpn few paragraphs,
each of which constitutes a chapter
My Birth Tn the 18th day of March,
l765, | emerged from darkness into the light
of day. was measured, | was weighed,
was baptised. was born without knowing
wherefore, and my parents thanked heaven,
without knowing for what.
My EDuCATIoN | was taught all sorts of
things, and learned all sorts OF languages. BY
dint of impudence and quackery | sometimes
passed for sarant. My head has become a
library of old volumes, Of which keep the
key,
My SUTFRRINGs | was tormented by mas
tiers, by tailors who made tight dresses for
me ; by women; by ambition by self-loye
by useless regrets, and by remembrances
MEMORABLE EPooHs At the age of 80,
gave up dancing at 40 my endeavois to
pleas. the fair sex at 50, my regard of pub
! lie opinion; at 60, the trouble OF thinking
and have now becomea true sage, or esotist
which is the same thing.
/ RESPECTABLE PRlNCITLEs | have never
neddled in any marriages or scandal. ! have
never recommended IA cook or q physician
aud consequently have never at empted the
/ lie of any one.
/ NY DIsL!KEs | had a dislike to sots and
! lols, and 20 intriguing women, who make u
game Of virtue /; II disgust for ahactation
pity for made up men and painted women
an aversion to rats, liquors, metaphysics ano
rhubarb; and terror of justice and wild
beasts.
ANALYSIS or M LIfE await death with
out fear and impatence. My life has been q
bad melodrama On grand stage, where
have played the hero, the tyrant, the lover
the nobleplan, hut never the valet.
My friT,rn Hers lies in hope of repnsn
an old deceased man. with worn out spirit
an exhausted heart, aud IA uscd-up body
Ladies' and gentlemen, pass on.
Burlington free press. [volume] (Burlington, Vt.) 1827-1865, 1854-06-30
One OF THE VERpicTs.-The Portsmouth

One OF THE VERpicTs.-The Portsmouth
journal, under the head of traditionary sketch
es, publishes the following account of mode
Jury of the olden time:
A bout eighty years ago man came to his
end by casualty on the Isle of Shoals, and a
coroner from Portsmouth visited the Island to
make an inquest. Twelve jurors were sum-
moned from those who were first met with,
and directed to sit on the body. They went
into the house, and soon some Of them returned
and informed the coroner that he would hold
but six. They were again instructed and
sent in. They reported that he was drowned.
They were again sent back for further inves.
tigatlon, In due time they returned with the
report that they had notched on one stick all
his good deeds they could find, and on another
all his bad ones. The latter numbered most
and therefore they gave their verdict that lie
had gone to the wicked place.
Burlington free press. [volume] (Burlington, Vt.) 1827-1865, 1854-06-30
Wool Growing.

Wool mas recently declined IN markc, price.
A thrifty Farmer IN West Windsor VI, sold,
some time since, his entire crop before sheaung,
Tor fifty cents pound, The Moot Growfr.
gives the following figures as indicating what
the various grades ought to range at tins season;
Saxony Goa 7ic
Merlno D buc.
7 hree-quarter and half 30 huc.
Common 80 luc.
There has been no change to favor sellers
as yet, says the " Y. Tribune, not IS there
any prospect, as the season for clipping draws
near. There is no doubt but what wool Is
worth quite as much to the manufacturer this
year as last. But the condition of the hnanci-
al affairs consequent upon the war, aud the
high price for,bresdstuffs. will tend 10 denress
the early market below the point to which 1t
should go If there should he good harvest
IN England at home, the chances are that the
price OF Wool will materially advance in the
fall. Our opinion, however. Is. that at no
time this year will the price of wool equal
that of last year.-Farmers may do well IN
hold on, but they will not be wise II they hold
beyond fair otfer because thcy .got morc for
their clip year ago
Burlington free press. [volume] (Burlington, Vt.) 1827-1865, 1854-06-30

e SINGULAR INCIDENT. As Capt Daniel
German, of the ship Jessy, from Limerick,
was on his outward voyage. when about forty
five miles southeast ofthe Island of Anticosti,
during thick fog, and surrounded by field
ice, he heard a report of gun. Supposing
it to be a signal from another vessel near at
hand, he caused the fog bell to be rung to
avoid collision. In about twenty minutes
the fog cleared off, and his ship was found to
be close to piece of ice, on which lay in view
the body of an Indian extended, and still blee
ding profusely from wound in the chest. He
was quite dead, and not far from him lay the
body of another Indian, with dead seal
alongside of him. The first poor fellow, it is
conjectured, despairing of relief from certain
death by starvation, had just put period to
his existence, lot imagining that aid was
really so near They probably went out to-
gether on the field ice to kill seals, and had
drifted out to sea, when, the first dying from
cold, the other committed suicide to avoid a
more lingering death-Quebec Mercury.
Burlington free press. [volume] (Burlington, Vt.) 1827-1865, 1854-06-30
A Novel Dining Iioom /,

Messrs. STILLMAN & ALLEN are known far
and wide as iron men. They have long worked
IN iron. and fattcned on iron, and recently
they have taken to feasting in iron. On FRI
uay last, these gentlemen invited party to
dine, and received them in an iron house.
1t was not large house, for only twenty-five
sat down to table, and the house was filed /:
nor was it a snug house for both ends were
oped to the breeze. But it was u wonderful
house, ii not "a handsome and spacious one,
and the guests had no fault to find with the
mansion or its garnishng. Fitted up with o
temporary floor, table and benches, partially
lined with canvas, and draped and mounted
with the star-spanglcd banner, the cylinder
for after all it was but a steamer cylinder
was the most singular dining hall that the
ingenious mechanism of man has ever con-
structed.
Alter the company was sseated-numbering
more than one famous in kindred pursuits
Mr.. Allen arose and made graceful and ap-
propriate address. The circular wall of that
iron cylinder, which will herea fter resound
with the struggles of pent up steam, was fill
led with sounds Of mirth and merriment I; and
at the close Of the repast loud cheers were
gwen for that great triumph of mechanic art.
The tables and benches were then removed
q passage-way nlanKeu ut eaciI ciIu vr tho y
inder-a pony was fnrnessed into high top
ped buggy, and one by one the guests of the
day were driven backwards and forwards
through the iron circle, amid the cheers of
the admiring spectators.
And now another experiment is tried
bar is placed across one end Of the cylinder,
and the numerous spectators who had collec-
ted about the spot thronged into the broad
mouthed tube. But more we're wanted and
from every nook and corner near by, the
brawny workmen of the foundres swarm in
until the space is nearly full, and no more
men can be found. Then, as they step forth,
one hundred and one are counted, who had
stood erect within the iron cylinder, and the
space had not been filled.
The cylinder of which we are speaking was
cast for the new steamer, Metropolis, OF the
Fall River Line. 1t is more than one-third
larger than the cylinders of Collins steam
ships, which are the largest ever cast in
this country. 1t is one hundred and five
inches, or nearly nine feet in diameter, and
has twelve feet stroke of piston. Its immense
size will give great power with steam of low
pressure, thereby promoting the safety and
durability Of the engine and boilers, and
economy in producing an equal amount of
power with less consumption of coal.-N. Y.
Courier
Burlington free press. [volume] (Burlington, Vt.) 1827-1865, 1854-06-30

viously RENDERED by Lieut.. Smith, and a
gun boat, appeared in the bay, coming in with
a very light wind at first and afterwards by
the use of sweeps, till they arrived abreast
of Juniper Islanl and Rock Dundcr, when
they opened, at long distance, their fire upon
the vessels at anchor these returned the shot
from many guns, enough probably, to have
alone, rcpelled the attack, but when the
heavy 6rc-some tim, withheld in the hope
that the enemy would approach ncarer-from
the land battery was opened the British
Withdrew, by vigorous use of their sweeps,
and no further attempt was made to " cW
ont Commodore McDonough's fcu." Vide
the Burlington Sentinel of August &, 1913,
for an account of this affair
After the British desisted from their attack
upon the fleet, their gun-boat was seen sweep
ing into Shelburn bay, evidently for the pur-
pose of destroying one more small vessels
on the stocks; to prevent which Lieutenant
Churchell harncsscd his field battery, and ap-
Piled to Gen. Hampton for the necessary or
dcrs-he was to be supported by the dctach-
mcnt of dragons; but the General declined
giving the order, and several small vessels
were consequently destroyed and taken away.
A SOLDIER OF 1872
NoTE.--Just before the parapet was
commenced Peter Bailey, who had deserted
with his horse and equipments from the dra-
goons at Dapville, towards Canada, was hung
by sentence of general court martial; the
Rev. Mr.. Clarke attending him at the execu-
ton, which was superintcnded by Lieutenant
and Adjutant Stamford of the 1lth Infantry,
and the body was buried under the gallows.
On digging the trench for the interior talus,
or face, of the parapet, the coffin was laid
bare, it was then undermined and sunk
about three feet; and there Peter Bailey's re-
mains may now be found. And there is no
danger that Peters ghost will ever be seen
walking about the place, as the heavy firing
over the grave no doubt laid it in quiet rest
Burlington free press. [volume] (Burlington, Vt.) 1827-1865, 1854-06-30
MISCELLANY.
The Churchill Battery

We are indebted for the following most
interesting article to a distinguished officer
of the L. 5. Army, GrN. 5. CnrRclILL.-
His "reminiscences have an especial value
as from the pen Of the one who, then Lieu
tenant Churchill, was charged with the orr
ginal constructions of the Rottory, and from
whom the spot, more commonly known of
late in this vicinity as the . Camp ground, "
properly takes its name of the CHURCHILL
BATTERY. \ brief sketch of his subsequent
connection with the L. 5. Service will he of
interest to all who read the article. especially
to the citizens Of Burlington and the State,
by whom he has been SO long known and so
highly respected, for his upright and gentle
manly character, as well as for his bravery as
an officer.
Shortly after the events below narrated,
Lieutenant Churchill was promoted to Cap
tain, and appointed Assistant Inspector Cen
eral, with rank of Major, in August 1913.
He served through the remainder of the war
IN the staff of Generals Wilkinson, lizard and
Nlacomb, nearly all the time on or near Lake
Champlain. In 1886, being then Major of
artillery, he was ordered to the Creek nation
in Alabama, thence to Florida, where he re-
mained excepting few months in 1888, with
Gen. Scott in the Cherokee nation, and in
command on the northern frontier of Ver-
mont, till September lS4l, acting, most of
the time, as Inspector General, under Generals
Jesup, Taylor and Armistead In the latter
| wear he was aupointel Inspertor General in
the place of Gen. Wool, and in 1916 he ac-
companied that distinguished officer on his
long march to, and in, Mexico. He was after
wards actively engaged in the bloody bat
tie of Buena Vista, where his gallantry and
presence of mind were of essential service,
and were highly appreciated by the command
er-in-chef, General Taylor.