The Caledonian. [volume] (St. Johnsbury, Vt.) 1837-1867, 1854-12-09

the Sound. 90 not dnatt that VIC can 'ialn
exemption ther,from as a matter OF r'I'l'. II
is admitted. on all hands, that tins exac:lon
is sanctioned, net l.: the general principles
OF the law Of nations. but only tv sperIa con-
vcn:ionS. which most of the commercial ma
tions have entered into with Denmark. The
fifth article of our treaty Of 1896. with Den
mark, provides that There sha'! not DC pa'h'
on the vessels of the United States and their
CargoeS when passing through the SoH"'
higher duties than those of the most favored
nations. This may be regarded as an umpire"
agreement TO submit to tie tolls during thc
continuance of The treat. ana consequently
may cm5arrass the assertion OF our right TO
be released there,rom There are other pro-
visions in the treaty which ought to be mo'il-
fed 1t was to remain in force ten wears,
and until one wear after either party should
give notice to terminate it. ldccin 1t eXne-
dent that the contemplated notice should he
given 70 the government OF Denmark.
The naval on,dcSpatcbe' about two
years since for the purpose OF establishing re-
ia,iors with the cmnirc of Japan, has been
ably and skillullv conducted to successful
termination by :!ie officer 20 whom it wa en-
trusted \ treaty. orcnin" certain OF the
ports o.. that ropuIous country. has been ne
coti,:ch and in order to g; We full effect there
to. it only remains 70 exchange ratiica'ion>,
and aaor: requisite c"nmrr,ra' regulations.
The treaty I..clv concluded between tie
United States :u; M,xi"o settled some o.:
orr most embarrassing difficulties with that
country. but nuHe:u,is ''..:rns upon it io'
wror-; ard in iurir. to our citizens remained
unaa il>tcd. AMI r,any new case have been
recently added 20 tie former list of Grcva:l-
ccs Our legation has been earnest III lis en-
dr.vor< to oI.;;,ii. from de IIexiran govern
n.cn.. .avcra, consideration ct:hc>c claims
!iu: hitherto w;'i."u; S;crcsS. This failure Is.
probably. in some measure. to lie a>rrihcd e
the disturbed condition of that country. i,
las been nv anx.i> J., III" to maintain friend
IL relations with the M,xiran republic. an';
to cai;>c is RIGHTS and rr;oiicS 10 be respect
ed. no: only hv or citizens. but bv foreigners
who have rc>ort,l to the United States ior
;ic purpose Of organizing hostile expeditions
,n ,;.lSt >0,,r OF The States of that Republic
To d..i.,..cI,>: condition in which is tron
.;rrs L,y. !,.,n IT. Ia" stimulated lawir>>
a,lven:urrrs 10 embark IL, these enterprises
aud greatly increased he difficulty: Of c''''rt-
Ing our obligations Of neutrality. Regarding
il as my >o.cmn iuty 20 fulfil. efficiently these
obligations, not only towards Mexico, bat
o.hcr torclIa nations. have cXc:tcd all the
powers with which am invested TO defeat
su~h criminal Proceedings. ard hrin. to pun
i>'mcnt those sl.o. l,v aki.," part therein
md ~,
Of Our civil ard military authorities have
frustrated tie ,!,>i.:..> OF tho" who mcli;a:cd
expeditions Of thu character. except in two
Instances. One OF these. composed Of for
c;.s,lnrS. was at first c0,n'rnanrcd and aided
" the Mexican Government itself. it HAVING
!,cn deceived is to 'llrir real ohi"':. The
other. >iua.l IN l;;::!.':'r. ,!udcl the i.'anc,
of th,. mari>tratts of san Francisco. anl she
cc,,i,d in reaching :hc McSican territories
Int the effective measures taken tx this COY
crnl.., n. compelled the abandonment OF IA,
undertaking.
Tie conms>i," 90 establish III" new lin,
between the n.;;i States and Mexico ac
cor!irr 90 the provisions Of H.. .rc.. -. ii.
"':'h OF j. enter la. has 3,,.cn or.an,z,.l
ard the work = al' :,;v commenced.
'';' Rates Will, The Argentine Contc.lc
::Ian. and with The R,pul,ics of Ururra,
ard I,rr4uav, s"rU:H ~ Is Tie free Eayir
; ton OF the river Ia !,a:a. and some of it
: LARGER tril;:tar!y>: iut the same success In
: Rot attended or ,n'!ravorS to open the M,
;.zon Tie reasons in favor Of the free u
: Of that river. la. occasion to present tuliy
e in a former mesa -c: and. considering ;h
o cordial relations which have 'onr existed hc
!! tween this government and BAIL, it may |,
Z expected that pon,liu. negotiations will, even
: tualiv. reach favorable result
Convenient means OF transit. between III
several parts of a country, are not only de
$iral,lc for the objects Of commercial and pei
: >onal communication. but essential, to its cx
y i>tcncc under oHc government. Separated Il
: are the Aiartic and Pacific coasts Of the I
: ri,cl :; .tc> l., Tie whole breadth O! the con
: tincnt sid tic Inhabitants of each are closc
: bound together by community of origin an
+ institutions. and Ev strong attachment To H.
= Union. Hence The constant and incrca>;n
: intercourse and vast interchange o. CONNER
: cial productions. l,twrcn these remote div
1 >ion> Of The Ecp"iiir. y; tn" present tim,
: the most practicable and only commo,iiol
: route for communication between them
: Iv the way o.. the I>tImuS OF Central y
: Ecri Il. |: is the duty of the government t
: secure these avenues against all DANGER an
interruption.
III relation 20 Central America. rcrr,lcN
ing questions existed between the lutte
States aad Great Britain at the time of til
! cc>sion of California. These. as well as Que,
t;on> which subsequently arose ccnrcrnir
intcr-occanc communication across the 18TH
II mus. were, as it Was supposed, adjusted l.
the treaty of APRIL 10. 1896: but, untortu
natclv, they have been rco{cncd hv scrio.
misunderstanding as to the import o. some o!
f, It's provisions. read :';>nicnt OF v hich is no,
under consideration. Our minister at Lon
= don has made strenuous efforts to acconi,li,
this desirable o.! jret but has not vet ionnd
. ,,ossibl, to brin. tEc negotiations to a:crmin
Z. ion.
AS in, ::tlcntal.o thc>, questions, deem j
proper to notice IN occurrence which hap
pcncd in Central Amc, ''a. near the close OF
the last session of CONGRESS. SO soon as Thu
necessity was per, tivc,; Of ESTABLISHING inter
oceanic Communications across the I>thm;lS.;
company was Organized. under authority OF
the State OF Nicaragua. lu; composed. for The
most part, of citizens of the United States. toi
the purpose ofoIrnin~ such a transit way. l.,
the river San Juan and Lake Nicaragua whi;l
soon became an c!.i!'c and mach used ROM,
in the transportation Of or citizens and ;hel:
property between the Atlantic and Fa,i!i,
Meanwhile. and in anticipation of the com
plctlon and Importance Of This transit way
number of adventures Lad taken possession
oft the old Spanish port at The mouth of IL,
river San Juan, in open defiance Of The Stat,
or States Of Central America. which. upo,
bccomin" Independent, lad rieittinlly sue