The daily union., 1854-07-28
From the Boston Post
FISHERY AND RECIPRoCLTY TREATY.

IRON fbs Boston Post
FISHERY AND RECIPROCITY TREATY
We have spoken warmly of the comprehensive and truly
national treaty just concluded between this country and
Great Britain, and calculated ~ confer i'm
advantages the country We ind in the Journal
Of Commerce The following excellent view of this grea,
measure
Th important measure which has been soine years be-
fore the public has by the joint counsel of the best and
wsest unctonarie Of Great Britain the United States and
the British provinces been matured final action and is
before Senate This treaty hardly be expected
equal benefits 10 all parties interested hut
If il promises begs all that is enough to commend it
10 favorable action The prominent provisions the free
navigation of the ST Lawrence freedom in fishing and the
mutual exchange Of agricultural and natural products
The free navigation Of the St Lawrence has been
derated in its benefits the United States The ipedi-
ments 10 navigating the gull from its high latitude lis ice
and ogs have been greatly exaggerated The great lakes
and the river and gulf OF St Lawrence extend half way
across the continent and occupy that belt the globe
which has always furnished most of the elements of
merce and nearly al of the navigation for the world These
lakes this river and gulf correspond in location and la
tude with the North the Baltic the Mediterranean and
the Black of the eastern continent and must dis
tan day, furnish TO commerce vast amount Of oonimod
ties and shipping,
There old merchants trading on the lakes who have
witnessed the growth OF this trade from few thousand
dollars, conducted by few hundred tons of shipping
which supplied military posts transported the Indian
aunutes the salt for Pttsburg and single cargo for the
Northwest Fur COMPANY trade which nov occupies
hundreds of Millions trade then furnished by few
thousands settlers at remote points sweed to FIVE
six millions of inhabitants
" There young merchants who will live 10 see this
trade and this population immensely increased Hence
cannot afford 10 have this navigation longer sealed
Mr. Galatin, In Of bis last productions proposed
through columns yield the free navigation of the
Columbia for that of the ST Lawrence In ts article he
said that has become almost the settled law of nations
in Europe that rivers like the ST Lawrence whose mouths
are in government and whose upper in
other, should be free to both but this be right by
International law still il is better 10 secure ii by treaty
than 10y force
BY ,reate. in 1888 and 1878 ample protection for
the cod fishery provided but since these treaties
negotiated the mackerel fishery has grown into import
ance and By the terms OF these treaties wenigh
denied all participation in this branch these fish being
caught the provincial coasts from which fish
ernen excluded. For this privilege concessions
required and should be made
The exchange Of agriculture and natural products win
yield reciprocal benefits of equal value to both parties So
far the staples of the countries wheat and -four
concerned it is conaaaecia, not agricultural question
Both parties producing surplus, that surplus seek
foreign market and il matters not to the producer the
farmer whether the surplus of both Canada aud the United
States shall seek the market through the Hudson or the St
Lawrence but the interest of both the producer and the
will be promoted by throwing wide open all the
channels TO foreign market.
OF the other articles of agriculture pork corn tai
low and lard wei as rice tobacco sugar and cotton
all the provinces are large consumers, while the lower
provinces large also Of breadstu For
iunately for British America their treasures are in con-
don enable them to remit their duties and place these
articles Of prime necessity the free list while the
treasury also well spare the duty this important
and necessary article
Although manufactured articles are necessarily ex-
luded from the free list in the provinces yet incidentally
these viii derive great beneh. on the treaty The British
provinces contain population almost numerous did
our thirteen States when they struck for freedom
perons and wealthy large consumers of manufactures.
Themselves scarcely fabricatng hob-nai they are nov
among best for the fabrics in which excel
and we excel in most of the fabrics required by young
and prosperous country. From skill in coarse and
a
monopoly OF this trade whenever by receiving the staples
Of these provinces, lumber breadsus and fish, free OF
duty, supply ample funds and facilities for these pur-
chases.
We not Of objections the provisions of this
treaty from any quarter except IL be to the two ar
ces Of lumber and coal and it s believed Canada will insist
that the former and Nova Scotia that the latter be retained
in the free list 1t 50 Happens that the northwestern from
tier line mas thrown upon canada the hmbered regions
with the exception OF small portion in northern Michigan
and Wisconsin while it has thrown upon the vast prairie
regions almost destitute Of timber Hence the Importance
of this provision to both parties
Maine, lumber State almost beyond the competition
of Canada for lumber markets Besides she viii find
compensation for amy loss OF market in the exemption
from duty at the mouth of the Sd John of her timber oU
its head-waers.
Humanity pleads strongly with Pennsylvania foI the ad
mission o! Nova Scotia coaan article Of pae necessity
which Pennsylvania has bes able furnish in ade
quae amount and is it quite certain that her ires may
not be the side Of humanity Upper Canada Is large
consumer of Pennsylvania coal. both bumnous, from
western fennsyl by way of Erie and anthracite from
central Pennsylvania by way of Dunkrk, Buffalo and C
wego and several lines Of railroad progress OF
construction to and fa.,ate this important branch
of trade
the lower provinces purehasc all thFir bread and
they will take il from New York. Pennsylvania and Nary
land and take home in lien OF ballast free from freight
in the coasters which bring their COAL fish, plaster,
grndstones &C. instead of seeking their supply from Up
per Canada through the ST Lawrence and voyage II
is law of commerce that little freight is charged
ia the direction that little freight is transported Thus the
wheat vessel from Chicago Detroit Cleveland, &c. carries
back salt BY way Of ballast from Buffalo and Oswego
without any or with nominal charge So the coliaden
vessels from the British provinces viii carry back wheat
and -four for ballast
ave are glad learn from the Washu ugton Star that
the least doubt is entertained there of the final con-
summation of this treaty.
gratifying press Of so just commercial rep
uation the journal of Commerce speak in such decided
terms Of this We believe that the closer the treaty
is scanned the important it viii appear All who
desire to great commercial and agricultural interests
prosper and 10 all difficulties at rest between this
country and Great Britain viii be glad to have the pre-
dicon Of the Washington Star realized While we shall
look TO Congress with no little interest il viii be also with
the confidence that ii win paotcally carry into effect
measure which promises much q good to M sections of
the country.
From The Louisville Demcer1t
THE TWO FUSIONS