The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1854-05-21

France, to say nothing Of Prussia and Austria-hetc-
rogeneous bodies whose Interest," draw them together
without, however uniting them-will open to it
again the way TO C0nsantinople which, besides, IL
accessible to i from two opposite sides-from the
north across the Danube and the Balkan, from the
south across Thessaly, Macedonia, and Epirus. And
henceforth Constantinople 10 necessary to Russia,
not only as its outlet to the Mediterranean but be-
cause it must have the Greco Savo oman world in or
der to reconstitute for its advantage the en-
pire Of the East. The Slavonan world alone would
have no historic meaning; would remain incomplete
or must bring Austria and Europe down upon it, as
it would be forced to encroach upon them BESIDES
it is less rooted in European traditions than the By
zantine tendencies, which, since Vladimir the Sin
gle-handed, at Kij0w, and John Basldes at Moscow,
have pursued Tzarism ev,n to the winter palace,
and there, in our days, baptised the grandsons OF
Catherine, and then the sons Of Nicholas, with the
names Of Alexander, Constantine, and Michael.
Authentic apocryphal, the testament Of Peter /,
reveals the real thought Of the Tzars; Poland
as the means, Constantinople for the end. II
we would not that Russia should have Con-
stantinope, we must not leave il the means OF con-
quering it; we must take from il Poland its first
stage on the road to the empire of the East. Master
Of Poland Russia sooner or later renews the empire
Of the Porphyrogeniti.
And Poland in the hands OF Russia serves it to
attain double end-an end yet nearer, in the nor
NAL situation Of Europe than the destruction of the
Ottoman Empire--an end which Russia is attaining
Practically, silently, by the aid, not only of its
underground agents, its hired writers, the secret
societies 1t organizes in the border-countres, but
also by the growing influence of its religious,
mercia, and industrial relations: we are speaking
Of the concentration at Moscow and Petersburg of
the direction Of all the Slavonian peoples Of that
grand system OF absorption which they name Rus
sian Panslavism. Let it keep Poland, and some
fine day Russia will see its protectorate invoked by
all the Slavonians Of Germany and Turkey, from
the Syrian Alps In the west and the Hartz Noun
faf. ~. t.f ho pol stn and
Varna in the east-hauling then into its immense
net those Roumanian populations for which it now
contends with Turkey, and adding TO the crowns OF
Kazan and Astracan those Of Bulgaria, Servia,
Montenegro, Dalmatia, Ilyria, Crotia, Bohemia,
Moravia, and Silesia. Then it will no longer need
to dispIace large number Of its troops; it will
have only TO excite troubles and, after having let
the Germans ana Turks be driven out by the Sla-
vonan populations to step in TO stop the etuson of
blood, and to establish order Of things permitting
It to act as protector against all future oppression.
The Slavonian Empire will be founded al one
swoop.
The reason of this is, that Russia is at the pre-
sent time, the only great Slavonian power; and so
offers to the Slovenian populations oppressed by the
German, Ottoman, or Magyar races the only ele-
ment wanting to them for constituting themselves
nationally-the leverage of its strength
N0.-Russa has no force OF attraction on a great
portion Of these peoples but that Of its material
power. Silesians, Moravians, Ilyrans, Damatians,
CIoats, and now an immense majority of Tcheks,
belong to different fath-to the Latin Church;
and in their language approach much nearer to the
Poles, who, with them, constitute the western
branch OF the Slovenian dialects, than to the Rus
slams. And as to the Slavonians Of the South, who,
without belonging to the Russian Church, belong
yet with ii to the great Eastern Church. having Con-
stantnople for religious metropolis, it is independ
ence and liberty, and not Tzaran despotsm to which
they aspire for which they invoke assistance, and
not domination and assistance they would gladly
exchange for the friendship and brotherly support
Of free, strong, and a republican Poland. Even
among the Cossacks Of Little Russia, there are none
who do not, in their hatred OF Tzarism, turn their
hopeful eyes toward an alliance with Poland re-
constituted upon new bases in whom they know,
from the Polish pupils of their University Of Char
kow so numerous since the closing OF the Universe
ties of Wilma and Krgemeniec, that they would find
not master but friend.
Let Poland rise, then land we have proved that
she will rse), and risen let her maintain herself in
the rank Of Independent nations rejoicing in the
peDitude OF their rights, and Russia will find itself
deprived of all possibility, either OF putting itself at
the head Of the Greco Slayonian world by the con-
quest of Constantinople, or OF establishing the Pan
slovenian Empire, Of which else in very near fu-
ture the possession is unfailingly assured TO It.
Poland, then is necessary element OF the new Eu-
rorean equilibrium, indispensable guarantee for
the security of the Western States and consequently
condition stne q'a aon OF any dehnitve treaty. an
end forceiuly prescribed for the operations Of the
present war, if any profit Is 10 be drawn from 1t for
humanity, for Europe, or for the beliserents them
| selves.
|
| BILE that the rising OF Poland will completely atei
the conditions OF the present struggle and that II
on the one hand IL assumes the security and progress
Of the peoples allied with Turkey, it may, on the
other hand, menace more than one OF their govern
ments, detach Austria and Prussia from the ALI
ance and remaEe, TO the advantage OF liberty and
| right, that msp Of Europe which was drawn by
| desrotic force.
| 1t Il in vain that the governments Of France and
England their respective countries Of the
QUESTION of the two great German powers 20 their
confederation against Russia. This acquisition is
| owing only to the assurance given by Napoleon to
Austria and Prussia OF his help against any reyo-
| lutionaly attempt. Now France may keep down
Italy, and by maintaining tranquility there, hinder
any outbreak in Hungary. But when Lord Claren-
don, in the same speech in which he announces to
the House Of Lords the good news OF the Austro-
Prrssian alliance, lets peep out the possibility OF
the re.establshment of Poland Gf It is that which
he really means under the denomination OF portions
ofteriitoiy taken from the neighborlng powersO ne
forgets that this re-establishment would be death
blow to his two. allies. Tie Poland of 1915, even j,
augmented by all the provinces which have fallen
to Russia, would not satisfy the eXgencics Of the
awakened national sentiment. The limbs violently
separated by their dsmemberment would reioin
each other. Deprived of callicia and the Grand
Duchy of Posen, Poland would not ieel itself living
with that proper life which alone can assure it,
existence and stability, for il would not be on
the recognition OF its rights, but on the
conveniences Of the intervening powers, that
it's new existence would be dependent
themselves Polish; and then Austria and Prussia,
not finding in their alliance with France and Eng
land the promised security would seek it in new
combinations hostile to the powers But such an
arrangement will never be: for Poland conscien-
tously feels her duty in the present crisis, and will
rise without waiting for permission, knowing that
to wait is to abdicate. Then Hungary will follow
it, and with Hungary Italy; then the populations of
Germany-Dresden, Berlin, Vienna, Carlsruh0
Hesse and Sohleswig--will feel themselves revive;
then France, seeing her government a wrong
| tack, and involved in inextricable complications
for the sake Of its alliances with worm-eaten despot
isms will return to the republic, and the year lS4S
will be repeated, with more experience, and conse-
| quently with more perfectness and success We
know not II all this enters into the calculations of
tic English government; but il all results from what
VIC know to be the dispositions of the Polish popua-
tons: and this is why submit 1t for the consde-
iation Of the only government altogether disnte-
rested in these matters, rather the only that
can find in II a satisfaction of the principle after
which il exsts-thc Cover nment ofthc United States
of North America.
lxs..I.