davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Port Tobacco times, and Charles County advertiser. (Port Tobacco, Md.) 1845-1898, 1854-02-02

LAW OF FREEZING WATER-Beautiful
Observation-Disclosures are many well-known
laws Of matter, which have the appearance
of being divinely provided for the benefi,
Of man. Thus, by very peculiar law,
contrary, as il were, to general law, the
rivers and fountains in our climate are pre-
vented from freezing to any very great depth.
The effect of heat upon bodies is TO expand,
and cold 10 contract them. If this law was
constant in its operations, in respect to wa
ter, ice would commence TO form al the bot
tom of lakes, rivers, and brooks, then they
would rapidly freeze upwards and destroy
every living thing therein. This is provid-
ed against by a peculiar law. The water
of our rivers and lakes, above 40 degrees,
Fair. when exposed to a greater degree of
cold, cools rapidly at its surface, which
surface water is condensed and sinks. This
process of surface cooling and sinking goes
on rapidly until the whole water has been
cooled to 400, which is 8 degrees above The
freezing point, Below this temperature the
chilled surface Of the water, instead of con-
densing into less bulk, actually expands
(becomes ligh.er) and remains at the sur
face, and the cold is thus very imperfec,ly
propagated downwards. The surface in
the end freezes, and the ice may ,hicken,
but al the deph Of few feet below the tenn
perature is not under 400, which is indeed
high when compared with that which we fire.
quen'ly experience in our atmosphere during
winter. If water, in cooling below 400, O.
beyed the same law which i. does in cool
ing 10 that point, our livers, streams, and
lakes, would became masses of ice, upon
which our warm summers would make bu,
little impression, and the cheerful Gina te
which we now enj joy wonld be less comfort
BILE than the frozen regions of the poles
Upon such delicate and beautiful adjustment
do the order and harmony Of the Universe
depend.
Port Tobacco times, and Charles County advertiser. (Port Tobacco, Md.) 1845-1898, 1854-02-02

ANOTHER KoszTA AFFAlR.-The Vienna
correspondent OF the N. Y. Tribune brings
to public notice the case of an unoffendng
man travelling under the protection of U.
S. passport, who is now incarcerated in an
Austrian prison. His name is Simon Taus-
Gig, end he has a wife in New Jersey,
where he has been settled as shoemaker,
and where he had taken the necessary steps
to become an American citizen. He return
ed 10 Austria on business the present year,
and was on the point of leaving the coun-
try to return hi,her, when he was arrested
by the Austrian police, his passports taken
from him, and he sen. to prison. The Amer
lean Minister has interfered in his case, bu.
the Austrian authorities refused his lbera-
ton.
Port Tobacco times, and Charles County advertiser. (Port Tobacco, Md.) 1845-1898, 1854-02-02

For the information contained in the fol-
lowing paragraph, WI. are indebted TO "nr
neighbor Of the Marlboro Gazette. We
hope our county postmas.ers will take The
hint and give the Times Iifi, since they
will derive benefit from so doing.
"Poslmasters, who take no interes, in The
circulation of County papers, becsuee they
pass through the pos.-of1ice in the county
where published free of postage, neglect
their own interests. For every county pa
per they deliver to subscribers they ere en-
titled to retain 10 l2 cents per year Of the
pos. office fund. The commissions on for
ejgn papers does no. overa,e more than from
six 10 eight cents year, and is attended
with trouble and loss Of time in keeping sc-
counts, etc. We hope pos'mas,ers will
think Of this and encourage their own
county papers for their own interest, no Ices
than that of the publisher"
Port Tobacco times, and Charles County advertiser. (Port Tobacco, Md.) 1845-1898, 1854-02-02
HOUSE OF DELEGATES.

January 25.-Petitions Presented.-By
Dr.. Phillips, from % citizens Of K emf coun.
~, 10 repeal the act Of the last session relat-
ing to Road Supervisors, so far as relates TO
Kent county. By Mr.. Graham, from l CT
,izens Of Calvert county, for a prohibi,ory
liquor law. By M. Kalbaugh, from SO CT
,izens Of Cumberland, similar petition.
Bills Reported by MI. Cochran, TO reg
uls.e the sale and manufacture Of intoxicat-
ing drinks in this State. Mr.. Cochran NOV
ed to print 1000 copies of the bill in pam
phlet form, upon which the ayes and noes
were called, and the motion adopted, ayes
81, noes 30. Mr.. Archer moved to refer the
bill to the Committee of Ways and Means,
upon which the ayes and noes were called,
end the motion lost, ayes Is, noes a.. Mr..
Leonard moved that the bill be made the
special order Of the day, for the S,h Of
February, which was debated for some time
snd carried, eyes 35, noes 80. Mr.. Devec-
mon obtained leave to change his vote and
moved a reconsideration, which was not
seconded.
Mr. Devecmon again moved 10 reconsid-
er The prohibiting law liquor bill, which was
seconded, sgain debated, and lost, ayes 80,
noes 80.
The bill in relation 10 stock, exchange
end bill brokers, &C., was referred to the Ju-
dietary Committee.
The Senate bill confirming the ordinance
Of the city of Baltimore, loaning $5,OOO,-
900, &c., was referred to the Committee OF
Ways and Means.
January 26.-Petitions Presented.-By
Mr.. Hsmble,on, from Dr.. C. C. Cox and IS
Others for prohibi,ory liquor law. By Mr.
Marshall, from ]. Ridgaway and others, to
change the place Of holding elections in the
9Th election district of Prince Gearge's coun.
~. Mr.. Brawner, from A. D. Smoot and
Others 10 increase the compensation Of teach.
ers in Chales county.
Leaves to Report Bills.-By Mr.. Cramp
ton, to provide for the abolition of the in
spec.ion system and for the repeal Of al
laws relating thereto. By Mr.. Cox, to re-
ouire the Commissioners of Charles county
10 refund certain taxes enormously paid.
Nj. Gale offered q message to be sen
20 the Senate proposing to 60 into the e
lection Of United States Senator this da!
Il o'clock, TO fill the the vacancy which
will occur on the 4.h of March, 1866. MI
Devecmon moved to lay the message upol
the table, Ios,-ayes SO, noes SO. M,
Ford moved 10 strike out ".his days." an
inser, the 18Th Of March next, lost, eyes g.
NOES SO. Mr.. Thomas moved TO strik
out ss,his day" and insert "February 4ih,
which was carried, ayes 81, noes IS. Nj
Nil.imore moved that the message as amen
tled be laid on the table, which was los
AYES IS noes 81. Mr.. Archer nominated
The Hon. James Alfred Pesrce. MIR. Cook
Port Tobacco times, and Charles County advertiser. (Port Tobacco, Md.) 1845-1898, 1854-02-02

LATE EUROPEAN s<ssmef
Atlantic has arrived with four days later in
telligence. There is but little, however, to
add to the important intelligence brough,
by the Niagara. A general European war
is expected as the inevitable result of the
war between Turkey and Russia. Ambas-
sailors of Russia a, London and Paris were
in daily anticipation Of orders to Withdraw.
and Napoleon has taken preliminary steps
towards marching an army Of 10000 men
to the assistance of Turkey. Fighting on
the Danube was still going OIL to limited
extent, though with success TO the Turkish
arms. The Persians were objec,ing to fight
for The Russians, and the Walachians were
said to be in rebellion egains. Russia.
The great advance in breads'uffs has
caused bread riots in some parts of.England.
and similar outbreaks in other directions
are anticipated. Cotton was firm and q
further advance in Flour of g per barrel
in Wheat Of Cd per bushel, and in Corn OF
Is per quarter is ann ounced.
Later.-We have by the arrival Of the
steamer Asia, three days later intelligence
from Europe.
The allied fleets, which had been pre-
vented from entering the Black Sea, owing
to the tempes,uous weather. effected their
object on the Sd ult. Six ships of the line
were left in Beycos Bay to guard the Bos-
nhorus. The first division remains snchor-
ed a, the Rapids.
The Car who had formerly declared the
entrance of the allied fleet into the Black
Sea would be considered by him as declar-
alton of war, seems 10 have changed his
mind-he does not now regard i. in that
lioh,-he has ordered all of his own feet
to return TO Scbastopool.
The Turks with force Of $4,000 men
and Is guns, s,ormed and captured the
Russian entrenched camp at Citale near Kali
afat. on the 9Th of January, and pu. $500
Of the enemy to the sword. They also al
lacked $4,000 Russians sent 10 the relief OF
Cu.le. and compelled them to re.reat-thus
driving the Russians from the point where
,hey had calculated upon crossing the Dan'
ube. Omar Pasha has won further laurels
in his last maneuvres.
Other actions are referred to but the de.
s,.,ches are not sufficiently explicit. 10 ena.
bic rs to determine fully their nature Of
The previous repor! of the defeat Of the
r,,Ls IN Asia is confirmed, and Gen'l Guy.
~ has been sent thi.her with full powers
and The spiri,s Of the Turks have revived
NEGOTIATIONS are still going on. Turkey
has agreed to send represen''ve TO me con
ference of the Four Powers, which IS 't
meet in some neural city. =,
Persia has resumed negotiations With
Port Tobacco times, and Charles County advertiser. (Port Tobacco, Md.) 1845-1898, 1854-02-02

JOHN MITCHELL ON SLAvERY.-"7 The
Citizem," John MItehell's paper, of Friday.
has the following choice, sentiment in answer
to "abou. thirty letters" he has received,
animadver,ing on his slavery creed. 1--WE
did not expect that our simple expression
Of d wish to possess good plantation Of
negroes would have called forth so much
indgna,ion-and never imagined ,ha, A.
mericans required man, (and one, too, who
has been only few weeks in the country
to be better republican end friend of lib
erty than Jefferson and Washington, end
General Jackson not TO speak of Scion,
Fabricius, and Plato"
Port Tobacco times, and Charles County advertiser. (Port Tobacco, Md.) 1845-1898, 1854-02-02

MARYLAND U. S. SENAToR.-The Hon.
J. A. Pearce received the nomination Of the
Wing caucus on the night of the 25,h ul..,
for reelection to the United States Senate.
The Legislature will most probably ra'ify
the selection. It is understood tina, no 9th
er name than that of Mr.. Pearce was pre-
sen,ed for the Senatorship-Mr. Hsmbleton
having previously Withdrawn in order to
restore harmony TO his party. A PROPOSE
ton was made in the House on Thursday
to proceed with the election, but it was f.
nally postponed until Saturday next by 8
very close vote. The Hon. Albert Consta-
BILE was placed in nomination by the Dem
ocrats in opposition to Mr.. Pearce.
Port Tobacco times, and Charles County advertiser. (Port Tobacco, Md.) 1845-1898, 1854-02-02
II A r YlL AND LEGISL TURE.
SENATE.

SENATE.
January 25.-BiH Reported BY Mr..
Hughes, to incorporate ST. Mary's Institute
near Bryan,own, Charles county.
Bill Passed.-to fix the place and
change The time for holding the terms of the
Circui, Cour. Of 81. Mary's county.
January 26.-Leave to Report BH.-By
Mr.. Schley in relation to devises and con-
struc,ion Of last wills and ,es,amen.s.
The resolution in relation to on arrange
m-nt by the General Government by which
the monopoly in gusno in this State may
be removed, was passed.
Bills Pdssed.-Prescribing penalties on
C"nstables' bonds. To divide primary
school distric, No. 6, in the first election
district Of Charles county.
January 27.-Leares to report Bills
By MI. Miller, to make valid deeds and 9TH
er instruments Of wiring effectively exc
suted. The Exemption Bill was reported
BY Dir. Williams from The Judiciary Com
mi,tee and postponed 10 the Cd of February.
Bills Repeatedly Mr.. Schley, in re-
sission to devises end the construction OF
last wills and ,es,amen.s. By Mr.. Long
we'll, to repeal so much of the &C, Of las,
session chap. "A as restricts The issue Of
bank notes, TO the amount of the capital
seversllv paid in.
Mr.. Keene, from the joint committee, ap-
pointed to visi, the Government House,
made report, with bill sppropria'ipg $4,-
600 for repairs Of the GU, buildings, and The
purchase Of furniture.
The resolutions relating to the appoint
meni Of agents to settle claim of the State
against the General Government, were re-
ferred TO the Finance Committee.
The Senate adjourned to Monday next.
January 30.-Hon. Hugh Ely was elected
Precedent pro ten. in the absence of Gene
tsl Gsi,her.
The bill to su,hotise an increase Of the
bank capital Of the city Of Baltimore, passed
It's second reading. Also, the bill TO repay
Barring & Brothers for monies advanced al
90 The bill TO incorporate the ST. Msry's In
s,i,u,e; also, the bill for the relief Of insol-
vent debtors.
The bill TO create lien upon vessels for
work done and materials furnished, was a.
mended and ordered to be engrosscd also,
the bill TO regulate inspections sso, the
OIL 10 emen0 Inc act Jof me election oil
road supervisors.
The bill to provide for another inspector
Of tobacco in Baltimore city was laid on the
table, [ne sddiiional Inspector being consid
cred necessary.
Anumber Of bills were read second time.
January 3l-Mr. Berry presented petit
ton Of sundry citizens of Prince Georges
county, Tor en- additional constable in the
9th district Of said county.
The resolution appointing B. c. Howard
end VIM. D. Merrick agents 10 settle and
adjust the claim Of this State against the
gensrela Goyernment, were adopted.
Port Tobacco times, and Charles County advertiser. (Port Tobacco, Md.) 1845-1898, 1854-02-02

A New CATHEDRAL AT NEW York.
A new Roman Catholic Cathedral will be
erected in New York in the Spring |. is
TO be the largest church edi6ce 10 the Uni
led States. The building will be $50 fee.
in depth, by los in breadth, and will be
surmoun.ed BY 81 immense dome, having
diameter of 104 feet. There will also be
two lofty towers. The heigh, Of the nave
will be lO2 feet. The materials to be used
are almost wholly stone and iron. The
building will contain sixteen chapels and
three organs, one of which will be of great
size. Its location will be on Fifth avenue
and Forty-eigh, street. The cos. is expec-
ted to be abou, $35O,00O.
Port Tobacco times, and Charles County advertiser. (Port Tobacco, Md.) 1845-1898, 1854-02-02

We learn from the hatezlgencer that Gen.
Shields, Chairman Of the Military Com
mis.ee, has reported three important bills,
viz:
A bill to increase the pay Of the army %
to 80 per cent and to raise the pay of the
private from Z to 10 dollars per month.
A bill to increase the efficiency of the ar
my, by adding to i, one regiment of infan-
try, and one company o. sappers, miners
and pontoniers.
A bill creating retired list for the army
This bill provides for the withdrawal of 81
superannuated, worn out and Otherwise in.
capacitated officers from service, leaving
them their present pay.
Port Tobacco times, and Charles County advertiser. (Port Tobacco, Md.) 1845-1898, 1854-02-02

The London Chronicle of the 9Th says,
it is generally thought in London and Paris
that the Gar is resolved upon war. Ye. i,
may perhaps be found that the last word
of Russia was reserved until further diplo-
matte chicanery should have become i'm
possible. The chance Of success in ne.
gotia,ion may have been thought worth
the risk of a rupture, and yet there may
be an intention to avoid decisive strug-
gle. On this very slender thread hang all
the remaining hopes Of peace, and the wes-
tern courts have fully completed their
preparation for the more probable alterna-
tive.
Port Tobacco times, and Charles County advertiser. (Port Tobacco, Md.) 1845-1898, 1854-02-02

England, and i. is said will not at presen.
act effectively against the Turks.
The afghan Envoy threatened that il
Persia had formed an alliance with Russie,
the Afghans would invade the Persian ter
ritory.
There were rumors of pacific news from
81. Petcrsburgh, January 18th, which are
likely to be we'll founded.
Breadstuffs have fallen.
Port Tobacco times, and Charles County advertiser. (Port Tobacco, Md.) 1845-1898, 1854-02-02

We perceive by an announcement in Sa-
turday's issue of the Baltimore Times that
Messrs. Ripley and Brush have Withdrawn
from the proprie.orship, end that it will
hereafter be published by c. G. Baylor, Esq.
as sole proprietor and editor. 1t has also
been changed from morning to an after
noon paper, and the frs. number of its new
suspces wes issued on Monday afternoon.
Port Tobacco times, and Charles County advertiser. (Port Tobacco, Md.) 1845-1898, 1854-02-02

Capt. McCsusland Of the steamer Bal'i-
more, which arrived at Baltimore las.
Thursday night for repairs, discovered on
the upward trip, three negroes secreted in
his forecas,le. They proved TO be fugitive
slaves named Richard Bell, Thomas Brooks,
and Willard Winfrie, the property of Mr..
Newman Newly, resident Of Chesterfield
county, Va. They were committed to Jail
on arrival, and afterwards restored to their
owner.
Port Tobacco times, and Charles County advertiser. (Port Tobacco, Md.) 1845-1898, 1854-02-02

CRY SIGHTs.-We saw sight on Fri
day that really was too droll for gravity
and too good for weeping. Passing down
Liberty street, just below Nassau, knot
of persons, gathered mournfully together,
as if around grave, checked our progress.
We paused, wondering wha, terrible cslam-
ity had befallen our felIow-creatures in
that region. The ring Of sombre looking
individuals broke up, and one after another
dropped away, each with tear-we beg
pardon with broad grin on his face. We
pressed forward determined to get at the
object, whatever it was, that at once gave
this funeral position and these comic faces
to the beholders. The crowd made way q
little, and there in the centre of the street.
was newly made grave, nicely rounded
and full six feet long. Al one end an old
pair of boots protruded their thick soles a,
the other end an old ha. jus. visible through
the mud, and from each side came the
sleeves OF an old coat stuffed with mud, tina,
lay meekly folded over the place where a
heart should have been /; and in pair Of
hands nicely moulded from the blacklist
mud, was placard stating that underneath
lay the street commissioner, who persisted
under the arduous labor attendant on his
official duties, and was buried on the spot
by a grateful community! We paused.
dropped a sympathetic tear and turned g.
way, deeply impressed with the conviction
tina, the city required too much Of its off,
GERS. The man who had provided SO msea
dir. for his own grave in SO small space.
should be buried with ell the honors Still
i. was touching sight.-.N Y Express.
Port Tobacco times, and Charles County advertiser. (Port Tobacco, Md.) 1845-1898, 1854-02-02

Cold WEATHER AT THE EAsT.-the tel-
egraph states tina. q. Montpelier, w., the
thermometer OH Sunday last remained a, %
degrees below zero, and on Monday, at 2S
degrees below zero, but al noon began 10
moderate. The weather in the vicinity Of
New York, since Saturday, he's been cold
er than any experienced since 1889.
Port Tobacco times, and Charles County advertiser. (Port Tobacco, Md.) 1845-1898, 1854-02-02

APPOINTMENT OF INSPECTORS. = We
learn from Annapolis that the Governor will
not appoint any inspectors until the legisla-
ture shall have acted upon the subject of a.
polishing. inspections, now before them
Sun.
Port Tobacco times, and Charles County advertiser. (Port Tobacco, Md.) 1845-1898, 1854-02-02

THE CALoRIc SHiP.-The Csloric Cor
hot airy ship Ericsson hauled GU. from her
berth, foot of Thirteenth street, at New
York, on Saturday, and now lies anc hored
in the North River. The promised trial
trip, it is said, will be had in the course Of
the present week.
Port Tobacco times, and Charles County advertiser. (Port Tobacco, Md.) 1845-1898, 1854-02-02

PossIBLE.-A girl in Pittsburg being
struck dumb by The firing Of cannon, i. is
said that number of married men in that
interesting village have in consequence, in
vi'ed the artillery company to parade on
their premises.
Port Tobacco times, and Charles County advertiser. (Port Tobacco, Md.) 1845-1898, 1854-02-02
ARREST OF A MARYLAND F,

ARREST OF A MARYLAND FUGITIVE
SLAvE.-A colored woman was arrested at
Hornellsvile, N. Y, few days ago, on a
charge of stealing 800 in gold and silver
in Buffalo. She alleged that she was fu-
gi,ive slave from Maryland, on her way to
Canada, and that the charge Of larceny was
mere pretence to bring her back to slave
ry. The arrest created considerable excite
ment, which ended in the escape of the
prisoner, and the arrest Of the officer who
made the arrest, on a charge of assault and
battery.
Port Tobacco times, and Charles County advertiser. (Port Tobacco, Md.) 1845-1898, 1854-02-02
HENRY PEEL. ). NJ. STEVENS,
PEEL & STEVENS,

WHOLESALE DEALERS IN
FOREIGN AND DOMESTIC DRUGS.
CHEMICALS, PAINTS, DYES,
Dry Salts, Acids, Oils, Varnishes, Spices, Patent
Medicines, Glassware, Instruments, Brushes,
Perfumery, Soaps, and all articles suitable
for the trade and dealers generally,
" ~. Corner Of King and FART fac Streets,
teb2 - ST.. ALEXANDRIA, Va,
Port Tobacco times, and Charles County advertiser. (Port Tobacco, Md.) 1845-1898, 1854-02-02

|. will be seen, by notice in another
column, that the Commissioners meet again
on Thursday next, the 9Th inst.
Port Tobacco times, and Charles County advertiser. (Port Tobacco, Md.) 1845-1898, 1854-02-02

The Legislature ofNew Jersey has pass
ed resolution ,hat tits improper and mex
pedjsn, to charter OF re-ehal,er eny Banks.
Port Tobacco times, and Charles County advertiser. (Port Tobacco, Md.) 1845-1898, 1854-02-02

The attention of our readers is invited to
the advertisement of the Messrs. MASON
Brothers, of New York, wholesale dealers
in Books and Stationery.
Port Tobacco times, and Charles County advertiser. (Port Tobacco, Md.) 1845-1898, 1854-02-02
THE TIMES.
PORT TOBACCO. MD.
THURSDAY MORNING, FEB. 2, 1854.

Alta meeting of the County Commission
ers on Tuesday last, R. E, BArEMAN was
appointed Clerk, vice James Mccormick,
removeH
Port Tobacco times, and Charles County advertiser. (Port Tobacco, Md.) 1845-1898, 1854-02-02

METROPOLITAN RAlLRoAD.-The Rock
Vile Journal Of Saturday says: |! is thought
tina, the President and Directors of the Me-
tropolitan Railroad will locate the rout
from Georgetown to Rockville or poin. q
few miles beyond it in few days, or as
soon as the survey now going on in this
county shall have been finished. 1t is
thought to be certain, lha. it will run through
the eastern section of our village.
Port Tobacco times, and Charles County advertiser. (Port Tobacco, Md.) 1845-1898, 1854-02-02

Jamaica, as j, is, under the favori'e Brit
ish policy Of Manumission, is thus present.
ed by Bishop Kipp, in letter published in
the Churchman, dated at Kingston-whe
The steamer on which he embarked for CAL
ifornia stopped "to coal" "The Streets"
(,he Bishop says care crowded with the
most wre,chad looking negores to be seen
on the face Of The earth. Lazy, shihless
and diseased, they will not work since the
manumission &C. has freed them. Even
cosling the steamer is done by women.-
About hundred march on board in line
with tubs on their heads, Cubs and coal to-
ge,her weighing about 80 pounds,) end
with wild song empty them into The hold
The men work day, and then live on il
week. The depth Of degradation to which
The negro population has sunk, is We ere
told, indesc1bable,n