Cooper's Clarksburg register. [volume] (Clarksburg, Va. [W. Va.]) 1851-1861, 1854-04-12

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1ty and Independence p5ssp 81 R the: T Turkish is En-.
tpire; and he also persuaded the Porte 10
receive General Sebastianais as French
1ambasssdor, He arrived at Constanti39-
Eple, August 10, and laid before the Dir
van this treaty, and contended that the
article. OF the convention as to the Hospo-
tdars was repealed by the new treaty.
This article had been calling to the, Turks,
and SO artfuI was Sebastiani that he, ipdp;
ced the Sultan to recall the reignipg Hos
podars without consulting the Russian
ambassador. This, was done, Aug, S9f
The French next demanded that the
Russians Should be excluded from the
l,Bcsphorus. Upon this, the Sultan re-
yersed his action as to the Hospodars, by
replacing them. But'this clear violation
oftreaty obligations was at once seized on
by Russia Her armies occupied Mol
davia and Wallachia. The Sultan then
declared war, but was met with disaster
upon disaster. Russia, before the end OF
| the year, was master of Moldayia, Bessa-
rabia and Wallachia, the Servians under
Czerni George were in revolt: Egypt was
an anarchy; The Janizaries were growing
at European innovations; French force
was at Dalmatia the English heet was
before the Dardanelles; and the factions
of France and England distracted the Di-
van. The next year, 1907 was slgnali-
zed by the revolt Of the Jannizaries, and
the passage of the Dardanellcs by Admi-
raj D Duckworth. For years, however, the
Turks managed to maintain the war with
Russia In 1909, the armies of the latter
were in full march towards Constantine
pie, when the Turks became aroused
and drove them back beyond the Dan
ube. In 1911, stimulated by new sue
cess, the Russians demanded severe
terms of peace, when the Turks again
partially relieved their disasters. At
length this long and barbarous war was
brought to close by the treaty of Bucha-
rest, August, 1879. This provides, /,
that the Pruth, from its entrance into
MoIdayia, until its junction with the Da-
nube to its mouth at Kilia, shall be the
boundaries--th Porte yielding all tho
territory TO the left of The Pruth. 2, the
merchant vessels of both nations were to
be allowed to navigate the whole course
of the Danube, but Russian ships of war
were to 60 no further than the entrance OF
the Pruth 8, Moldavia on the right ol
the Prutt, aud the greater and lesser
Walachia were to be restored to the
Porte. 4, the Asia boundaries were to
be fixed as they were before the war. -
I s.. Amnesty was granted TO Servia and the
permission $50 have the sole management
OF It's Internal concerns with the reser-
vation Of Turkish garrisons in the ancient
fortresses. 6, former treaties were to re-
main in force Thus Russia, after six
years fighting, made further progress to.
wards dominion in the Black Sea.
FROM 1919 TO THE TREATY OF ADRGANoPLE
1929.
Peace in terms was maintained be-
tween the two countries for several years.
At length, in 1881, an instruction took
place in Moldavia and Wallachia and
though the insurgents, on its being sub
dued, were treated with moderation by
The Porte, yet Russia made disorders in
Constantinople pretext for interfering in
their behalf and in May Of this year, made
formal complaint as to the cruclties tc
which the Greeks were exposed. the in.
suits offered to their religion, and the de.
stuction of their churches. founding theiI
rights of interference on the treaties o
Kirnardgi of I774, as confirmed by thai
of Jassy in 1893, and that of Bucharest
OF 1919. This was resisted by the Porte
1t would require too much space to relate
the events bearing on this question thai
led to the war of 1898. The Greeks had
been successful and the Turkish feet had
been destroyed at Navarino, and still there
was no war. 1t is true that the Sultan
was the injured party, and as tile weaker
power he desired peace. The Turks
were then engaged in radical reforms,
and desired time to complete them. The
progress of these Innovations was watch.
ed by Russia with great eagerness. A
despatch November, 1898, Of a Russi
an official, Pozzo de Bergo, after De.
failing the facts of these reforms, says
'' The Emperor put the Turkish system
to the proof, and his majesty has found i
to manifest decided systems of physica
and mortal organizations hitherto .un
known. If the Sultan has been enabled
to offer determined and regular resis
tance before he has consolidated even th,
elements, of his new plan Of reforms and
ame!iorauons. how formidable we should
have found him had he had time to give
to them more consistency. and to render
that barrier impenetrabIe which We found
so much difficulty in surmounung. al
though art has hitherto done SO little Il
assist nature.''
Russia's object, then. was to cbecl
progress and civiIization-to keep Turkey
imbeeiles and to enlis. the religious ele
ment of Greeks in her favor. In antici.