The daily union. [volume] (Washington [D.C.]) 1845-1857, 1854-06-30

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stipulated to give small sum instead thereof This was
intended, blow the Hlnseac cities ana Ia their
Lubbock demanded the immediate exclusion of The
Dutch from the Baltic; demand however that was not
complied with In l544 treaty Of commerce was con-
cuded between Christian III OF Denmark and Charles "
regcnt Of the Netherands by which the subjects Of the
other by paying the Sound dues which had been levied
snce days Of old The Dutch at this period grea,
navigating and commercial people and the stpulations
which they entered into impaired dignity to the jurisdiction
claimed by the Danes the Sound The influence Of the
anse towns began to decline about the beginning of the
18TH century, but they exercised supremacy the
their unceasng quarres with Denmark relative to the
Sound tolls had to negotiation and In 1860
ssS s Ss king & psn%s1 Dsnoh and biz Ne one part
thereof on the other part concluded the treaty OF the
Odensee- In 1868 Denmark was involved In war with
Sweden L and shs made this prstsFt 70 n
standing her covenant to the contrary tkrte years before
which Va. sun i iOIos Ist "a thsr d..
Denmark and swvdsS X rsssax s5~A, x]Gs.s ssrssd
that the latter nation should be exempted from The Sound
dues but this was evAded from naA n tme hX Mpark
in levyng the tol upoA ahc wines intended icF Queen
Christmas own private use and hY the 0f
prosecuting the thirtyyears at length Denmark be-
came 80 intoerant to search Swedish vessels
snrly detan them and in instances convey them to
Copenhagen The Netherlands experienced but little bet
ter treatment The Stakeholder complained and he was
put OIL with promises In l64o the year after the dssou
ton the Hanseatic league the United Netherlands which
had secured their independence formed compact with
Sweden for the maintenance Of their respective rights and
in 645a new treaty was concluded between Denmark and
Sweden and on the same day, August 49, one betyeen
Denmark and the Netherlands In the negotiations which
concluded the tho Dutch and Swedsh plenpotentiares
demanded free navigation through the Sound for all nations
The Danish contended that the Sound
Danish canal and that the tolls collected Of SINH
lar character To those exacted the mouths Of certain rivers
in Germany and Holland France, acting q mediator
held the question under consideration To be decided at
convenient period; and subsequently she sustained
the interests Of Denmark for which she rewarded by
the bestowa Of the advantages to her flag had
been bestowed upon the Netherlands and without any limit
to duration In 1854 Great Britain concluded treaty
with Denmark, which renewed in 1870 by which all
the advantages were to be enjoyed by her which had been
conferred upon the Netherlands Previous to 172O from
l647) Denmark fixed the toll in her treaties with other
countries sin conformity to the granted to the Meth
erands = but after that time she placed them upon the
Grafton of the restoration Of her PROVINCES which had been
conquered by Denmark stipulated to pay in future by the
treaty OF Fredericksburg of June 3 1920 the rate OF
Sound dues that collected upon the ships and cargoes
Of the most favored nations reservng herself tho right
to establish commissary at Esnore to prevent imposi
tons upon her navigation and commerce These condi
tons and obligations although several treaties have been
made between the two nations since continue to be OBJ
served During the 18th century, Sweden having been
qieed the Sound tolls have been submitted TO by
other powers and States without opposition. Denmark
concluded several treaties but OF them contained
provisions prohbitoy Of the cxacton Of the dues demand
I'd at Elsnore.
This the condition in which Denmark was found
when the Congress Of Vienna assembled II was quite nat
ally expected at that time that the Danish Sound tolls
would present legitimate subject for the deliberations Of
that body and that in the settlement OF the affairs Of Eu
rope they would be entirely abrogated But Frederick vi
passion with the representatives Of the most in
teresrt account of the bombardment of Copenhagen
and the destruction of his fleet few BEFORE and out
OF tenderness to him. 1t is reasonable TO suppose this
question permitted to remain in stau quo. Vague in
tmations is stated have occasionally been given at Co
penhagcn that the Sound tolls guaranteed to Dem
mark by the Congress OF Vienna indemnity for the
surrender Of Norway TO Sweden. Admitting the truth Of
this and that every European rrcvocaby
bound by such proceeding the United States not
party to It in any way, and obligation is imposed upon
them to respect the arrangement Nothing has been more
remote from the purpose Of our government from the day
which it ushered into existence than that of
rendering any power its right of using the
highway of commerce This right il claims and will
all proper to to itself the full enjoyment Of
in every quarter Of the globe.
The fact is notorious that the Sound dues affect
scnsiby than any European nation Under their operation
Great Britain has decided advantage
chief staple Raw cotton, according TO the most relia
bic statements before the department is charged with
about three per cent ad caom in its transit through the
Sound while cotton twist OF which Great Britain ships
from 300O0000 to 5000000O pounds TO ports of the Baltic
pays only per cent ad raoreai If we quietly submit
to such tax upon the material OF our fields Great
Britain matter of profit well afford to consent TO
the comparatively moderate upon the article manufac
tured from it, because she cannot fail to perceive that
the dues abolished should certainly gan markets for
the product she would lose them for the manuac-
ture of her spinneries.
For the five years terminating the 3ls December l84S
26a American entered tie Baltic upon the tonnage
cargoes Of which the Sound tolls amounted TO 570473
Danish bank rx dsars Since then tabular statements
have been received Of vessels passing Esnore nor the
annually paid
The Sound toll levied upon our chief products, which
find market in the countries bordering upon the Baltic,
and beyond them according to the most reliable norma-
ton on the subject is as follows:
Raw cotton, per 100 pounds 20 cents.
Rice per 100 pounds III
Paddy (ricc IN husk,) per 100 pounds az /"
Raw tobacco, per 100 pounds IN
Whale OIL per barrel 6H
Consequently cargo of 1000 bales Of cotton pays tax
Of about 81 720 cargo of 800 hhds Of tobacco, $l400
cargo Of crces Of rice x700 In addition TO the toll
tonnage the cost Of potage for ship drawing egh-
teen feet water from Dragon TO Elsnore varies according
TO the season Of the year, from $40 to $50.
In 1929 ordinance issued by the King of Denmark
subecng all vessels passing through the Sound TO useless
say ridiculous observances always annoying,
and sometimes injurious by the delays resulting from the
necessity of conforming TO them Should you find this
ordinance still in force you viii represent the effects OF II
upon vessels passing the Sound and endeavor TO pro-
cure their exemption from IT, 1t cannot be that at this
day government enlightened as that OF Denmark wili
insist upon the observance Of ceremonies Of this kinduse
less TO IT, and hardly compatible with the scrcspcct Of
those required to perform them That you may know to
what ceremonies allude herewith send you copy Of
the ordinance prescribing the Observance
You at liberty communicate facta state