The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1854-06-11
miral and Of which have given Mr. Champion notice.

mrai, and of which have given Mr. Champion notice
not to interfere with the Msgea,en fs'snis
40 consider the Bay Of Fund. the anne footing q,
To captuIeAmericad Hshing vessels only under pre
cisely hel circumstances as II ose which vogIc
nave Deen acted upon Of late years and when anesty
To execute these instructions with the greatest for
oearanee ana mode' alton. Yours, truly,
Nevertheless, Mr.. Lawrence appears To hav.
seen that there was substantial right which might
thereafter be enforced in a more energetic manner
and TO have seen also the shortest way of getting
over the difficulty for he writes to his own govern.
| ment:~-
| The government am satisfied, feel thai thev have
committed an error In ordering large naval force 70
aus r. aurng we siny season ard stan
ihe government Of the United States and are now will
iSs 70 90 ever, thing in their power 70 alay excitement
compfelenhise plan OF trade between the Britislr
North American colonies and the Uned States can be
accepted will supersede the necessity 0f taking up the
fsherIsg separately.
We have no doubs, whatever, that this blow d.
rected towards the fisheries was the turning point
OF the negotiations; nevertheless, for some rea-
sons which we are unable to learn, we are inform
ed they were considered on the part Of the British
negotiators 10 be at end in the beginning OF the
present year. 1t may be presumed they were re-
opened more or less directly on account Of the re-
presentations wade by the GovernmGeneral and
his Prime Minister at London and they have been
have seen already, in the conclusion of treaty, to
which Lord Elgn has had the honor of afslxing his
Mans as the British representative.
Coming now to what we believe are the terms of
the treaty, We should premise that the Lower Pro-
vnces, when reciprocity, from being merely Ca
madam, becomes British American idea demand
ed, II Their fishery rights were sacrificed to the
general good, that some articles should be added to
the list in the above quoted schedule for their
special advantage since the export articles included
N that list were OF more particular Importance to
tsur Ia fhavx tf,l II
pleely within the general idea of reciprocity in raw
materials, and these they asked to have axded. On
the other hand, the South required sugar, tobacco
cotton and rice included in Che list as coming also
within this bread category The schedule agreed
upon, we have reason TO believe, meets the views
OF bssh parties except that sugar is not in the list
The tobacco is OF course raw tobacco, and its ad-
mission free OF duty will naturally, to q certain
eXtens, act as lounty 10 manufacturers of that
article. The mar time provinces also strongly urged
that colonial ships should be adratted to sale In the
states ree Of duty; but this clearly brought the
gotiations on an entirely new domain and they had
to yield the point which, if carried, would have
given an immense importance to highly interest
ing branch OF provincial industry, but which would
have worked complete revolution in the whole ar
rangements of the American marine, and so perhaps
have destroyed the treaty in the Senate, where it
has still t0 be ratified. In addition to the stipu-
lations already mentioned, American citizens will.
We believe, obtain the free navigation OF the st.
John and the st. Lawrence rivers-not, of course.
as permanent right, but pending the continu-
ance OF tbs treaty-and British subjects will be
secured In the free navigation of Lake Michigan
where we claim the right to navigate, but where
that claim might probably have been disputed. Al
though the federal government has control over
State canals, and probably has entered into no ex-
press engagement respecting them, we believe It
has pledged tself TO remove every obstacle which.
rests with itself, to the free of all State canals
by provincial vessels. We may, therefore, expect,
as the states which are the proprietos Of these ca
nails are interested in doing the largest possible
amount OF business upon them that they will be
made free to onr shpowners and forwarders. Such,
we have reason 10 believe s in substance, the scope
OF the treaty. must OF course like all treaties he
ratified by the Senate before it becomes operative;
and, We imagine, must be accompanied by some cor
responding legislation by both branches Of Congress-
IL is probable, however that the administration OF
President Pierce knew tolerably well the ground be-
fore they completed the treaty.
Having always been favorable to the policy of re-
eoelty rejoice heartily at this large step taken
have no doubt that many persons are disposed 10
expect irom It greater advantages than will In fact,
.,e realized. For our own parts, we do not expect
that the whole Of the duties now paid will no into
the pockets OF our exporters. Soon after the news
reached town, we heard speculative friend seeking
adviee:-"I want to know" said he, to another
friend, whether this AFFAIR is going to put up the
penis on another question; is it the producer or
the consumer who pays the duties ~ Without
answering. either the practical questions, or the
theoretical one, We venture to say that both
ties check the trade OF Importation and expor-
tation, and the removal Of such duties gives room
for its expansion. The political economist will
tell us, and tell truly, that the immense dntes
in Spain upon English cloths do not make tha
Leeds manufacturer take less for his goods going
to the European Peninsula than he would obtain
for the same piece IT sent to Canada; and that IL
the price at Madrid is increased fifty per cent by
the Custom House, il is at the cost OF the dandy
who exhibits the article on the Prado. But the
very same political economist will agree with you
at once in the opinion, that without that fiscal ad-
dtion to the price of the cloth at Madrid the trade
between Yorkshire, Barcelona and Cadiz, would bo
augmented hundred fold. The very same reason
ing is true in the present case. Montreal and Que
bee are probably less interested In the change d.
rectly than many other parts of the province. These
cities have, however, vast in iircct interest In tho
general prosperity, which must react upon them.
They have also some direct interests which viii be
promoted. Thus they get rid Of the annoyance Of
the bonding system upon several important articles,
already actually free from duty, but subjected to
troublesome and expensive formalities; and thus.
too, what Is probably still better, these ports be-
come available, without let or hindrance Of any
kind, to the shipping of the south, as well as Of
fha nftl of tbe Al alo thou