New-York daily tribune. [volume] (New-York [N.Y.]) 1842-1866, 1854-04-15

gates hi. r,ht To the metropohfans and bsnop'' IN
the limits Ol Their doccscs their sentences pe'"s %
icatorv f7r the executive oneeTs Aa"'s' ~ - -.
Pore H. carry cut The pguishuents "nicH 'hey
have the rieit Ia pronounce are tines. imprsouneh'
tie bas ou.dg ana exile. Beside thet4 ON" 90
Gives item tie power of eXrommGncal'n- at
perdtBt q tie produce OF the hnes' ties reve''V
variable taxes on the civil aud commercial "'s
Every hierarclich scale among Tie Gle y ntS is
morsyed price TIE patriarch rsys ~ tae ivan d
Iesyv tribute IN order obtain Ms 'nvesuure oa' ne
sells 4 IS trrn the archbsh0pTcs and pislopfIes u
the clergy u his worship The latter indennh! mem
selves Is the ae OF subalrern dieniues an tlr 'oS
exscted .Icm the p0pes These. again. sell o. re'a
the rover thev lave bought from their superOrs and
trafc in al acts Of their ministry such as o-ptshS
marriages divorces. and testamen's-
u il evident fTom this eTPoss hat thls taorc o. me
ocracy over TIE Greek Christians Of TURKEY ana tne
whole structure OF their society. has It's keystone ~
the subsection Of the rayah under the Koran. which IN
its turn by treating them iuhdels-i e, nation
orlv in q religious sense-sanctioned The combined
spiritual and;tempora power OF their priests Ihen Il
YOU abolish their subsection under tie Moran by evil
arcpation you csnci at the same time their sgbec-
lion 10 he clergy ard provoke revolution in their So
cis political and religious relations which, IN the
first instance must inevitably hand them over 20 Rus
sia. Ii you supplaut the Koran b! cod, e'rV, you
must occidentaize the entire structure 81 IS! @antine
society
Having described the relations between the Mnssul-
nan and his Christian subject. the question arises,
what are the relations between the MussulmaG and the
Unbelieyirg foreigner
A. the Koran treats all foreigners foes. nobody
viii dare To present himself in Mussulman country
,itbout having taken his precautions The first Euro
psan merchants therefore who rlsked me chances OF
commerce with such 4 people, contriyea 10 secure
themselves exceptional treatment ana PRIVILEGES
originally Personal but aiterward eAtenled 70 thelr
whole nation Hence the origin OF capitulauonS.
Catitnlatops are imperial diplomas, letters of priv
epe ocroyed By the Porte to Giierent European na-
ti,ns ard Authorizing their subjects 70 freely enter
Mol, nodsn countries srd there 70 pursue in tran
GUILTY. tL,ir affairs and 10 practice taer worship
Iley d,r from treaties IN this essential point that
they are not reciprocal acts contradictory debated De-
tween lie contracting parties ami accepted by them
On the CONDITION OF mutual advantages and concessions
On the contrary the cspiuations are onesidei con
cessons on tie part of the Government granting the
in Consequence of which they may be revoked AT nus
Measure Tie Porte has indeed az several times nul-
ifed the privileges granted 20 one nation. by extend
inc them to others or repealed them atogether by
refusing 10 continue their Application. ms pTecaH'
Gus character OF the captuatOns made them an eAter
nal source OF disputes OF complaints on the part oil
FmbassaGors and of prodgious exchange OF contra
CctOT notes and nrmans revived AT the CpIun'uoe-
mont OF every reign.
Itwas from these capitulations that arose the right
of pr0ciorQtc OF foreign powers not over the Christ
ian subjects Of the Portfolio rayahs-but over their
coreleions.s visiting Turkey or residing there as for
eianers Tie first power that obtained such Protec-
torate was France The capitulatons between Franco
and the Ottoman Porte made in 1888, under SOman
The Great and Francis in 1904 under Ahmet L. AMI
Henri " and 10 1913 under Mustapha ii and Louis
NV. were renewed confirmed, recaptuated, AMI
AUGMENTED in the compilation of l7iO called ancient
and recent capitulatons and treaties between the
" Court Of France and the Ottoman Porte, renewed
sHd augmented in the year 7iO A D. and los OF the
Hedgra translated (the first official translation sane
TONED bv the Porte) 1T Colsantinople by NJ. Deya
Secretary Interpreter Of the King and his first ORA
aoman az tie Ottoman Porte Art. - of this agree
meut constitutes the right of France 70 protectorate
over all mouasteres protesting the Frank RELIGION 70
whatever nation they may belong ana oil the / ranA
visitors of the HOlJ Places.
Russia was the first power that in IA, inserted
the captuaton initiated after the example oil France,
into a rcaiy-the treaty OF kaiDardJ Thus, IN - ~
Napoleon thought tit to make the existence aud nam
tenance of the captulaOn the subject OF an article OF
treaty and 10 give IL the character of synalagmac
contract.
In what relation then does the question of the Holy
Places stand with the Protectoratel
The question of the Holy Shrnes is the question Of
aprotectorate over the religious Greek Christian com
muHites settled at Jerusalem and over the buildings
possessed b. them on the holy ground and especially
over the Church of the Holy Sepulcher. 1t to be
understood that possession here does not mean pr0pr
ctorship which is denied to the Christians by the
Moran. but only the rght OF usutrHc This right of
asptract excludes by the other communities
from WOrshippng in the same place the pOssessOrs
having no other privilege besides that Of keeping the
keys OF repairing and entering the edices of
kndiiug the holy lamp, of cleaning the rooms with the
broom and OF spreading the carpets which Is an OH
entail symbol Of possession In the manner now,
in which Christianity eliminates at the Holy Place, tue
question of the protectOrae is there found to have its
highest ascension.
Parts of the Holy Places and of the Church Of the
Holy Sepucher re pos b. the Latns the Greeks
.Io no hVs Inc -
Copts Between all these diverse pretendents there
originated conflict. The soyereigns Of Europe who
saw. in this religious quarrel question OF their re-
spectye influences IN the Orient addressed themselves
m tie first instance 10 the masters OF the soil, to
fanatic and greedy Pashas. who abused their position
TIE Ottoman Porte and its agents adopting most
troublesome spseme de bGscuie gave judgment in turns
favorable 10 the katins Greeks and ArmeDlans asking
and receiving gold from all hands and laughing az each
Of them. Hardly had the Turks granted irman. ac-
knowlcd.Rg the right OF the Latns to the possession
Of contested place. when the Ar nenians presented
themselves with a heavier purse and instantly OBJ
tanned contradictory lrman. Same tactics with re-
spect the Greeks who knew besides officially re-
corded in different hrmans of the Porte and "hwljds
Gudoments) OF its agents how 10 procure false aud
spocryph titles On other occasions the decisions Of
the Sultan's Government were frustrated by the
cupdity and wll OF the Pashas and subaitern agents
IL Syria. Then it became necessary TO resume nego-
tatiOns 10 appoint fresh commlssarles, and TO make
Lew sacrifices OF money What the POrte forneri!
did from pecunary considerations in our days it has
done from fear with a view to obtain protection and
favor Having done justice 10 the reclamations Of
France and the Latns it fastened TO make the same
conditions to Russia and the Greeks, thus attempting
to escape from storm which il felt pOwerless TO en-
counter There is sanctuary, no chapel no stone OF
the Church Of the Holy Sepucher that had been lei
unturned for the purpose of constituting quarrel be-
tween the different Christian communities
Around the Holy Sepucher we find an assemblage
OF I'll tie various sects of Christianity, behind the
of vi al r. concealed a