The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1854-07-30
xHn EXODUS TO AMERICA.
.~No~~Ne-~~-1~>~e-~>s~0rSS
The European Emigration 70 Inc
United States.
Tpg PROGRESS OF RACES In THE REPUBLIC,
TIKI PHENOMENA OF POPULATION.
.>oN~---o~~N0~1o~S--~-<~>--
OBSERVATION-DISCLOSURES.
de-, DC, &c,
rBH PROGRESS OF RACES IN THE REPUBLIC.
THE PHENOMENA OF POPULATION


from the Ednburg Rsview, July, 1854
Nations like individuals have their times for self
examination. when tuey pause, survey their posi-
tions gance back upon the past, study the lessons
of experience and grd tie mselves for the future
In The summer OF 1850 about year before the last
enume of tie po Julation OF Great Britain and
Ir6bno. the Marshais of the United States Of Anne.
rfeA were occupied spontaneously throughout the
republic, ia asceraDing VIC number, color nativity,
Eek occupation, bsbit-, and wealth Of its scattered
population and in col Getting Information concerning
its resources The full results OF this work still rest
ID the official receptaces but the report of the SUI
peIintendent, mace in December, 1862, gives 40 alb
gtraot Of what the seventh CensusN viii be when
finished. The complete work, for some unkno wn
cause. is Jet unpublished.
A large ia [ of Me- KenDedy's report Il occupied
with the subject OF the foreign immigration into the
Unihd STATES. Although iucom Jlete, aud some
timee, we believe ioacurste 1t furnishes the
for arriving at conclusions to WIT las been and
H and gives Us grounds for Speculation as TO what
will be.
Most readers are familiar with the chart prefxed
to modern editions of " Cibbous Declioe and Fall"
exhibiting the march OF the barb ,rian tribes Jon
Rome. The txaggefatioDs of the press have accus
TONED us 70 speak Of the modern " Exodus from
famine, want and eth"ra Of labor, as 1t 1t wse a
similar movement As ship after snip leaves Liver
pool, Tendon, Have, Rntte 'oam, Hamturg. aud
Bremen, crowded with emigiants for America, ge
pictna that coInt,y yielding itself prey to an
Ignorant peasaDty. We ste the m, IN Imagination,
transferred TO its sh"res, $no Invested by tue magic
OF an OaGl Win Lne attributes Oh clHZtnSntpi
we turn with BORROW from the gotten p stion Of the
probable annibilattn OF the principles OF coasttu
fonalism, in the clashing with democracy. Nothing
Gan be more unfouDdeo THAI such fears.
The United States census of 1880, taken before
any acquisition Of territory, exhibited popustion
of 1921 $50 freemeD, and CSl S97 slaves. There
were then thrtetn States twelve Of which slavery
existed its feeble life IL New York, New Jersey.
PenBsy vania, Cont ecticut, and Rhode Island has
Ioag since been extnguiphed In 1903 the French
province OF .LOuisana, Including most OF the ccun
try west II the Mississippi Was added to the union
Florida was purchased from Spain in 1919; Texas
annexed in 1874; and Ntw Mrxi'O and California
acquired by conquest and treaty Ia lS4S. Five 81 ave
States two free States aud six Territories have been
created out Of ali this country. Two new free States
have also been admitted IL The Union from the ter
rit0ry of New EnglaUo siuce the formation Of the
federation and five free and four slave States from
the country west Of the ALI. ghanies assigned TO the
republic by toe treaty Of 1888; thus making ia all
at present 10 free States, with l42 repre- ,eutatves
in Congress- and 81 Senators; and l5 slave States,
with 81 Representatives and 80 Senators.
The total population of the United States in 1850
was over twenty-three millions, Of which nearly
eighteen millions were native Iites, over two mil
Lions wore foreign BON, 80 900 were of unknown
nativitics, and 3 200 900 were slaves. II appears
that between 1910 and 1850 500 $50 foreigners
rived In the United States: from whence we should
conclude, even in the absence Of other evidence,
that me emigration before lS40 was com oarativey
small. II began on Q large scale only in lS47. From
1890 to 1880 the averase number arriving was only
b
year. In l647, the famine desolste6 Ireland; and
the revolutions on the Continent, which unsettled
the ehanDels Of labor, followed the next year. The
tDmigIatiOn increased unoer the pressure, TO 2tO,
COO IN l647, and to 800 900 in 1850; and it 10 now
estimated at the Census Office that the /" total num-
Der Of cmgrants into the United States since 1870,
living In 1850, together with descendants, amounted
to 43O4 4l6" which We shall assume to be the COM
pele foreign addition to the population Of the
try between 1890 AND 1850.
An this has and Is 10 have, great effect upon
the relations between slave and free labor. Tue
free coaored population appears to have increased
elsve population, 2s.sl per cent; and the whites,
The regular decrease in the augmentation of
tho free blacks Is one Of the remarkable fca-
tures of the progress Of races in America From
1870 to 1910, the Northern Sta,es, under the
iu6uence of climate and the spirit Of freedom en-
geodered by the revelation, were emancipating, or
preparing 70 emancipate, their slaves; and the ratio
Of increase OF the fire. coiored population Goose
ueuty greatly exceeded tpat Of the whites slaves
The following decade the per centage diminished;
but was increased again from 1870 to 1880, by the
entire abolition Of slavery in New York aud large
emancipation in New Jersey, Maryland aud Viz
ginia. In the succeeding decade it fell of again;
and In the last as we see 1t fails to reach eleven per
fiftcca hundred and the fight Of thousandsaves
year IL the year 1850, for which alone returas on
this head are made, be an example Of the general
course Of things. In some of the States--New York
/,
in okhers-lke the New England States-it has done
Httie more than remain stationary while in others,
on the Canada borders, and with strong abolition
sympsthies-Michigan and Ohio for instance-t
There can be but one solution to this, the de.
graded social position into which the negro
Is forced by the prejudice Of the whites
Of the North, and particularly OF European
imnigrants. There is no physical reason why the
black race should not increase as fast, and faster
even. than the white. The experience of the slave
States proves this, where, in spite of degradation
psas"se. they faithfully fal the DIVINE co a
10 "mulGply and replenish the EARTH Sainbo is
naturally joviL, goodnatured, laughing fellow
full Of fun, not without esh for practical joke
and ready always for dance and bit of banjo
music in Che open air-especally if Dinah be there
for whom II must be confessed he has q strong lik
ing He is too fond OF his to be out Of temper
for long tmei too much man Of the world to
work unless obliged to do 50; and by far too much
o gentleman TO trouble his woolly pate with think
ing great deal He s bit of '.swell" we are
sofry TO say and loves to deck his ebon beauties in
bright reds, and blues, and yellows, but not without
q rude idea Of taste and haIm ony OF colorsf such
. thing may be seriously suggested; aud SO long az
Dinah likes IT, he cares little whether be according
60 the rules OF art He has certain natural deli
cacy in the midst Of his ooarseness which contrasts
very favorably with the beer-droking rudeness of
the lsborer Of countries the meridi an OF
Green aioh. and remembrance of g,o1 treatment,
which ensures his master against strikes" long
a. ne docs not str1ko hfSt. Aud when nc and
Dinah at length become one, theA seems to be ma.
furaIy no good reason Why woolly psted "pccanin.
nics' should not be as thick around his cabin as
ever carroty potato heads ~erc on an Irish potato
patch. In Massachusetts,, for instance, they would
seem 70 have every thing In their tavor-ireedom.
plenty Of work. equality Of laws aud rights: and vet
bis family has increased ouly four ths per cent in
The ten ycars. The truth 10, free SAmbo, in the
Matted States, with all his freedom and political
equality, has no reality OF either. His color stamps
MIN forever In unjust popular prejudice, which
"a stronger than law with the caste of laborer; and
mot lsborer alone, but degraded lsborcr, whose
mother, and brother, and cousin, are slaves, and
who ought TO be ore himself; and. II the truth
must be told, all this makes Sambo rather q
Rood-fpr nothing fellow. He neglects his family,
y unthrifty,. gets behindhand, and before long
1nds himself qnite at the foot Of the social
ladder Meanwhile Pat has been coming in from
Ireland, and has stepped over him; and, In aston.
1shment ct finding somebody underneath himself he
becomes the worst tyrant that the poor black has 10