The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1854-07-20

ICE Ohio 10 iowa, ana ire foetB ana n,neral
wtsith Of Michigan ard Wis osslD. Although yet
IN their infancy, tbsir AXE comsere gives EN- hoy
nsTt to two huid ed Il oueand tons NJ sil and
,t,sm and that os the hssissi .pi and its ttbata'
iiss to lJ'labl, mu,h more. Land granted by o
sterling lsr acre, has drawn thisher emigrants
from the more Eastern States, and from
slm'st every county IN Europe. The maize,
wrh its dark green leaf dropping gracefully, re-
neves tie sun6nrnt Rrass Of most OF she prsiries
east OF the Mississippi, and yields sure crop to
the INDECENT pro pritt0r, without other labor than
thar Of fes d.tine and harvest settled hostility
10 slavery begins also to pervade this great popu.
lstion. ~. =. ,t WE .riss.f3 @
In this slight aketch we have emitted California
and Texas wbi,h aIe both prcslavery In sentiment,
and the Tenitcrier which are rot yet Of much Inn
portsnce. j will, however, be perceived that the
American Union shelters interests more diverse,
ana people more unlike each other than were ever
gathered tsfcre under any form of FREQ government
And yet Notwithstanding the contradictory ele-
ntDts and radically opposite principles feeling OF
intense nationality he's hitherto bound them toge'
tber into ole nation. 1,fs. s--tssss -Nt
The love Of the Fessral Union has been the main
cause Of sss-a love implanted In the nursery,
tsurht In the schoo ., Impressed In the colleges,
and made the frat requisite for political might al
most yfor social in life. George Washington
Was the 6nt father Of the Union, and from bic time
TO The Irefent unbroken succession Of the great
men Of Amerk have not failed 70 make this their
nYinrinal leseop. Thew have nninted With lust
irfIde 70 III issuis 81 the isdsrssson-a1 lrd Il
continent divided into States hviDg.sin harmony
" It'll each other; freed nom the horrors OF war, and
lslt TO their pesoeioi lna9stys grswlng wss 70
lion; increasing IN wealth, in comfort In political
power; supplied abundanty with the Means Of reii.
pious ,uluIe Q, and in intellectual education; and
ss s1 and Win sPRs ss onion you
divided, your interests severed, your agriculture
undevtkIed, your commerce crusaed, your manu-.
fscturs unknown. Behold what this has wrought
echoed their words. Disunion has been frownsd
upon, and the national win has, with .
singular unsnimity, when We consider the
diversity q Interests %Sysd tss ssde ..H
government and the existence ef the United States
are regarded In Europe e identical questions. Far
distant may the day BE- when that Union shal be
severed; when the advocates Of arbitrary power
nay point to the American experiment q failure.
II Is not, however, 70 be concealed that the Char
scter u the United States government has been
steadily changing. The fathers OF the republic,
were fought, and Who originated and caglied into
sueoessfn operation the present constitution, we're
all anti-sayely men, Slavery existed In most Of the
States OF the Union at that time-but We have the
q a md C ss sn es ss sosn,9 from a
saying, "that the fathers Of the republic, the lead
ers In the war Of independence, were struck with
the Inconsistency Of an appeal for their own hber-
ties, while holding in Dondage their fellow
men, only guilty Of skin not oolored like
their own. Franklin, then in old age, venerated
throughout the nation - its greatest man and its
second citizen, respected throughout the world as
consistent patriot, an accomplished statesman, an
illustrious devotee Of SCIENCE and an honest man,
with one foot IN the grave, bore Testimony 70 the
degradation Of the system. Washington, great
STAKEHOLDER, surrounded himself by sbolitionists IN
his councils. and manu- mittsd his slaves at his
decease. Jefferson was true by word, at least 70 the
doctline which he himself had written n the DE-
clsration Of Independence, that " al nen are born
fee and equal." There was, indeed but mo tanti
also combines 10 depIess III. sisve ntessst. The
principal production Tor export rom the planting
States the indigo, bad almost, not quite, ceased
TO be irresistible, on account Of IT, cheaper produc-
owing to the difficulties Of cleaning Il, had
not taken its place. Slavery had conse.
quently become Improbable; but the inven.
tioD Of the cotton gin In 1898 entirely changed the
value Of the article and the cultivation Of cotton
increased at once throughout the Southern States in
an inered BILE manner. Not long after this the In.
FAINT republic began TO extend IL borders. Louisiana
annexed in 1905 Florida in lsl9, Texas In 1874
New Mexico and California IN l64S; and the present.
year has witnessed Q still further peaceful acquisf
lion BY treaty. These additions have all been made
southTard; while in the only convention. relative
surrendered portion Of their claims.
might have been predicted, these additions,
bringing with them increase fields for slavery, hav
given t. il new strength It's power began with IT,
wien the interest Of Lancashire ana the Carol mas
tecemc mseparably unite with each other, that
tie Southern States began seriously to aim at tie
increase OF their political power BY the extension Of
til country subject to slavery. Dismiss from the mind
the injustice Of The system and s evil consequences
and they must be held justified in their policy. They
raw that the North had within itself the greatest
elements OF increase-tEat tree labor must, 10 the
competition, epgioss all the commerce aud all the
manufactures, while 1t would have more than
enough agriculture for its own support; that the
sene free labor which il the foundation Of SOC al
wealth and political greatness, would Lot come to
county where it would be subjected t. competition
With slaves; and that consequently, unless renfoTc-
I'd, the Institution must die out from exbaus-
iicn. And bad the North, or had England, been in
TIE same situation, we fear they would have been
equally blind to noial right, and equally keen
thied to material interests. Looking over the
brief history Of the republic II is impossible TO resist
The conclusion that Southern statesmen early orga-
Mis- a schtme for slave extension The ordinance
OF l5ss, ~ IL called, made all the public terri
torres then owned by the UDited States free.
The country II protected Il ON the curse Of slave
~ is nov covered with population o! five millions.
Only three years after THE ofdn ance the territory
non forming The State Of Tennessee was coded o
tie i,delHl government on the copditil IN that no
regulation ould he made tending to emaucipate
slaves; and from this period trace the down
ward prog ess OF public opinion In 1920 q strenu.
cue fort made TO confne slavery 10 The east Of
The Mississippi. With the aid If steam navigation
population Lad travelled 10 the banks Of this mighty
river, ard had passeo across IT.. Aud nov tina. tile
products Of the rich valley Of the Ohio began to
end then way TO New oileans. and The diverse In.
felests which commerce creates, 70 lay the founda
tian or cities and towns along the oourse of tits
! trxde, The men OF tho North resolved tliat on 20
consideration should slavery cioss that barrier The
G n,est lasted through three successive sessions Of
| Congress. end terminated In the Missouri
! cOmpnise, by which tue North were de.
I featec; Missouri was admitted With slave
/ ~, Arkansas was allowed to retain the
Institution; but, as an oiffet ii excluded from
all Territory west OF Missouri, north OF TIE parallel
q 90 deg. 80 min This was the first great vi stosy
Of slavery. Tie ten years that followed Witnessed
tie downlsll Of Mr.. John Quincy ADAMS admin
ftsiien. which WIS Northern 10 psincijle and Pied
Cd 70 tie develop tmept the resources If the free
Aoittwest, ard tho triumphant election Of General
jackson by the union Of thu radicalism OF the North
With lie drcided slave interest of the South. Dur
ing al tia tine the rowing population 81 the South