The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1854-07-29

| per barrel was made In the new position Of Ame-
rican -four exported from the Mississippi. Bilti-
| more and New York. The value Of our trade with
the West Indies In 1880 during the exclusion OF
the Americans) amounted to $s06 900, and In 1876
1t was $4,000. SKI
II will very naturally be supposed that
people whose interests were thus trided with,
and upon whom the imperial Legislature blew
| hot and cold in breath. were not Likely to
| progress greatly in material wealth, or in p0-
pulation To certain extent the superstition
| is correct The growth Of Canada was retard-
/ ed; but there were Influences at work there
| was stubborn energy in the character OF O
portion Of that people, and, more than all, there
was given them soil and natural facilities tor
| its conversion ito wealih-which, combined
| together, enabled them to surmount the diff
! culties and stumbling blocks thrown in their
way by anti-pa'riotic and bungling statesman
ship We have stated that the population Of
Upper Canada was, in 1880, 21O.437 souls. In
1912 il had reached 486,055 souls, being an in
crease during the twelve years, OF upwards of
100 per cent. The population of Lower Cana
da increased from 5ll 922, in 1881, to 600 7S2
in 1874, or little over 81 per cent in the thir-
teen years For this striking disparity in the
progress of the two provinces abundant rea-
sons can be adduced. In the first place,
the inhabitants Of Lower Canada are
not Of an enterprising race. II left
to them alone the country, would probably have
merged long ago ipto the United States con-
federation. They held fast by the old laws and
bal itudes Of the worst times of their parent
country and their ambition seemed to be cir
cum cribed within, the limits of the soil which
had been cultivated for them by the early set
tiers which was being divided and subdivided,
as the natural increase of their population re-
quired. The French were never a successful
colonizing people; and it is doubtful whether
any people can be so who cling to the tanets
n oh how uyhn. INN Iiofa ptctr
ton they are deferred from living, aud dare
not die. Besides, Lower Canada suffered espe-
cially from the changeable policy of the impe-
rial government, which had been playing fast
and loose with the navigation of the st. Law
renee, and the trade of its chief city, Quebec.
In Upper Canada, on the contrary, influences
were in operation, as we have stated. which
tended to neutralize the effect of the impede
ments thrown in the way of its hardy settlers
by British legislation. The wave of popu
lation from Europe and the Atlantic States
of the American republic, had begun, long be-
fore 1912, to approach the great Lake District
bordering upon Upper Canada. and an i'm
portant frontier trade had been established.
The COMMUNICATIONS between the lakes and the
Atlantic and Gulf seaports were open to the
Upper Canadian people, whose productions were
thus brought practically and economically
nearer to the consuming countries of the Old
World than those of Lower Canada. Moreover,
the immigration from Great Britain naturally
tended towards the upper province, whether
flowing through the st. Lawrence or the Allan
tic ports as to territory in which settlers
would find communities of a common blood
and country, speaking The same mother tongue,
enc imbued with the same associations, religion,
domestic habits. and aspirations with them
selves, and acknowledging the same allegiance
and loyalty to the same sovereign and the
same laws. These circumstances, connected
with their respective positions. combined with
the superior energy Of character and habit in
being peopled, are sufficient to account for |
the more rapid increase Of the material |
wealth ard population of that province, during
period when the whole of the North American
colonies seem to have been the subject of ex-
perimental, If il may not even be called hostile,
legislation by the government Of the mother
country. To considerable extent Upper Can
ada has been favored by its climate as the re-
cpient Of European population; whilst, at
the same time, the more frigid climate Of Lower
Canada suits admirably the wants Of that coun-
try. Mr.. Andrews, the consul Of the United
States for Canada and New Brunswick re-
ports:-
It is tue that in Eastern Canada there are ex-
tremes If climate unknown in the Northwestern
States (of America; but it will be found that the
can temperature varies but little in the two re-
gions. The intense Geld of the winter makes high
upon every lake and stream, whilst the earth aud
the germs Of vegetation are jeaously guarded from
the injurious effects Of severe frost by Thick man.
tic OF snow. The sudden Transition from winter to
summer, melting the accommodations Of ice and
in every mountain stream, converts them
into navigable rivers down ward for bearing in the
cheapest and most expeditions manner the fruits Of
the umberman's winter labor to its market on tide
water. The CONNIE cement Of vegetation Is de-
layed by the duration Of the snow; but its maturity
s reached about the same period az in the western
country, because there has been smaller loss of ca
loiic during the winter less retardation from lin
gering spring, and more rapid growth from the con-
slant action Of strong and steady summer heat.
Whatever exceptions may De taken to the climate
Of Eastern Canada, it must be remembered that it
embraces the greater postion Of the white pine
bearing zone Of North America, The invaluable pro-
duct Of which only be obtained by those condi-
tions Of climate 1.-THE abundant ice and snow) which
have given il such imaginary terrors- There is
scarcely one article, class of articles, from any
one country in the world which affords more out
ward freight, or employs more sea tonnage than the
products Of the forests of British North America.
While these conditions Of climate and production
give necessarily a commercial and manufacturing
character to the Eastern province. the milder eli
mate and more extensive plains OF Western Canada
afford field for agriculture, horticulture, and pas
torh Pursuits unsurpassed In some respects by the
most favored sections Of the United States The
peDnsula OF Canada West, almost surrounded by
many thousand square miles Of unfrozen water. en-
joys q climate as mild that ofnortheln New York
The ach tree, unprotected natures its fruit south
and west Of Ontario, whilst tobacco has been sue
cessiully cultivated.for years on the peninsula be-
tween lakes Erie and Huron. During the last two
years (ls5l and 1852 Western Canada has exported
upwards OF two millions Of barrels of flour and over
three millions OF bushels of wheat and ct the pre-
sent moment the surplus stock on hand is greater
than at any former period. There is probably no
country where there ia 80 much wheat grown in
proportion TO the population, and the area under
cultivation, as in that part Of Canada west Of
Kingston.
We may illustrate the concluding paragraph
Of the above extract by the following state
ment from the .ia,ericdn Statistical .fnnual:
The production in bushels Of grains in the two
provinces, az represented in the of 1851 and
in the United States in that Of 1850, gives the guam
titles pr capita Is folows:-
Whcd,. RE Oats
Upper Canada. ............ 1873 05 III
ovar Canada IA mi