The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1854-12-17

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and Manufactured products:
The Americans, with the keeenen whca IS nssu
ra 70 them In mstsers Of navigation and conmsrce,
have undertaken to become carriers OF these p:o
ducts In fact from tie moment they lave obtain ii
the recognition from the Czar tn Is goods c,ming
nom Q country In o state OF war a:e not
seizable on board ne1trh vessels, they have
put the impeIisl marine OF Russia uader thu
impo sioiity OF interfering with their new sDecala-
,ion which c,ssis.s In proposing to The Engsh aud
French merchants 10 take their freghts under pro.
lection OF the neutral flag OF the United STAKES.
which guar sntees their property from tue risks Of
which has commenced bst ween cisiliza.oa and sr-
bari.m, bet Eeen liberty and slavery, between ,he
most enlightened governmerts OF Europe and the
Autocras OF all The Rnssiss, the merchants OF tie
United states have discovered an opportunity for
lucrative commercial operations.
But Il IL not probable that this clever calculation
viii be crowIed With success q the pense of the
navigation OF one o. both Of the allied nations
and England bsve adopted, in fact, measures and
Efficient protection, that II isshe enemys commerce
anc no. ours which will ind itself menaced, aud his
ships Of war far from venturiDg into the gres.
in taking iefuge behind their land Notifications
they succeed In escaping the consequences Of the
struggle nov wAgiDg vita the naval forces Of the
two silRd nations.
Pacific Ocean aud in the China SEA have combined
their forces and sailed In search of the enemy,
VII om they had seen as Japan SHORTLY after g oe-
parture Of the squadron OF the American Commodore
appeared, concealed behind some Sebsstopol Of tae
81 OF OcSotsk OF kamschatka. At the date OF last
news the Russian squadron was a. Petropanloski,
and had been overtaken and partly destroyed there
rons Such IL, At least, the infor nation thai an
American journal publishes. We are no., IS yet,
acquainted with the details Of this engagement Il
ia stated merely that the batteries OF the fort Ia 1
kl~A
frgstes-had been captured from the Russians.
Admiral Price, commander ofthe Eagltsh squadron,
paid with his life for this exploit, accomplished in
common with our sailors.
This is q terrible blow inflicted on the Ru vel IN
squadron Of the Pacific Ocean. II is difficult to
know exactly what s its actu Al force. II in Europe,
even under our own eyes, the Musc0vite govern.
ment succeeds TN concesiing it's resources to the
point OF surprising its as7ailants, when the latter
have motives for believing that they possess better
inform aton il has still stronger for hiding
from rs the real condition OF les naval power be-
hind the ice and the fogs Of the Polar eeas.
We do not know whether 1t IL the intention Of the
allied governments to profit by their incontestable
maritime superiority to att ack the other possessions
Of the enemy. The role of protection which the
English and F. ench naval power fulfls is less bril-
liant than that of active hostilities, but it Is Of
greater utility AM the effects Of this protection
daily display themselves In the security that regns
in the Epglish and French ports. Consult our
sailors, and their choice would not be for moment
doubtful They would demand war.
If the signal for an a.tsck against the Russian
establishments should be given the loss that Russia
win suffer thereby will be sensib'y felt. All the
merchandise, all the natural productions Of the two
Americas. and even Of Europe, can at present pene
ing the blockade Of the Baltic and Of the White Sea
by passing through New Arclapgsl, from whe ace
the ships Of the Russo American Company trans-
port them TO Okhotz, in Siberia, through . closed
sea Of which they hold the key. In 1929 Lord
6ydenham, alluoing to the Continental blockads
and to the advantages Of the position OF the Rus.
siars In America, observes as f,llows:-
English products which were not admitted into
France, found in the frozen ocean means Of pene-
trating into the heart Of that country. I speak
from my own experience In saying that, ct this
epoch, an uninterrupted line OF communication was
established between Arcbangel aud Paris. All ar.
tcles, even those which kno Wn under thu demo.
miDaion Of heavy goods, such as sugar. we,e ira
ported 90 easily by this channel as they are ct
present from London t. Havre."
These words are remarkable, and they indicate
the impor lance Of the results Of "a effective block.
coasts In the Frozen Ocean. In the meanwhile il the
news Of the destruction Of portion of the fest at
Petropeulosk be confirmed, |. will furnish re.
variable coincidence with the annou cement Of the
conclusion Of treaty by which the United States
have endeavored to monopolise the navigation of
the belligerent Powers, and BY destto Dying tn.
hopes In this respect, 1t will augment commercial
confidence, the security of which, in every case, Is
Of the allied maritime Powers.
Mixed Commission for the Settlement OF
British and American Claims In London.
BY convention entered int between the British aud
American governments, the 8th day of February,
1852 agreed that certain claims which have been
made since the treaty Of Ghent the oath of Deem
ber 1874 upon the British government by American
citizens and the United States government by sub
ects Of Her Majesty should be referred to two commits
soners, OF them to be named by Her Majesty and
the other by the President of the United States Under
that convention Mr.. Horribly appointed British
missioner, and Mr.. Upham appointed American
commissioner 1t was also agreed that in case Of dis
agreement between the commissioners there should be
umpire appointed to decide the questions at Issue
between Them and Mr. Bates selected to fill that
Office In accordance with the convention several meet
ngs of the commissioners and umpire have taken place
Of deciding questions at issue between the commits
sioners, at the Office of the commission No. Lancaster
place.
THE FLORIDA BONDS.
Mr.. CAIRNS appeared tho part of the Florida bond
holders whose claims the subject of consdera
General THOMAS represented the United States govern
ment, and the British government represented by
Mr. Hannar. The commissioners we're in attendance
The Of the Florida bondholders having been
Hornby decided in favor Of the validity or the claims
and the other commissioner having held different opn
ion, the umpire had to decide in favor of the finding
which he considered to be proper.
Mr.. CAIRNS said he appeared on behalf of number OF
gentlemen who the owners Of bonds granted orig-
naly the faith OF the Territory OF Florida and Who
under this convention made claim against the United
States for payment Of these bonds As the umpire
perfectly the State Of Florida coded by treaty
by Spain to the United States in the year 1919, and
the United States were put in possession Of the
rcgnty as the Crown Of Spain had held it, and also OF
soch part of the land had belonged to the Crown
Spain, not merely in sovereignty, but the posses
sor 10 absolute ownership. The United States became
the masters Of Florida as absolute owners, and by
the 9th article of the treaty it arranged that the
inhabitants Of the Territory should be incorporated in
the Union OF the United States consistent
with the principles of the federal constitution and adj
mitted to all the privileges rights and immunites OF ci
zens Of the United States In the year 1922 there
established Florida Territorial government the
forms Of which dictated and regulated by the Con-
Of the United States and during the period Of that
Territorial government great many of the circum-
stances to which he had referred took place The COVER
and legislative council OF the Territory had certain
powers Of government assigned to them Their power
to extend TO all rghtul subjects of legislation but they
required every year to transmit Congress auy
laws which they might pass and Congress disapprov-
ed Of such laws they thenceorth to be Of eject
To show that this veto the part Congress not
matter Of form he begged to refer to collection Of
publ. he'd by Mr.. Gilpu in which the Congress-
having transmitted to certain laws that passed
by the Territory and certain charters given by the Tern
fu11x 1;,to