The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1854-07-29


The main seam at Pictou is tnirsy-tbree feet 10
thickness, with twenty -four feet OF good GOAL,
Of which thirteen feet are DIT for expectation,
and The remainder valuable for furnaces
ard forges. The principal expectation Is
10 ports in Massachusetts, and Rhode
Lland, with q small quantity 10 New
York. The quality is 6isamlnous, and the
amount shipped to the United States alone was
estimated, by the Hon. 8. Cunara, the general
agent for the Mines to have heen, in 1850,
81 ,964 obaldrons If coarse, and 1913 chaldrons
of slack Cape Breton 10 also rich In minerals
and in it's fisheries. It contains noble sea
water lake--the Bras dor considered 10 have
been formed by some volcanic eruption, upon
which fisheries Of every kind are carried on
Win great success It has two entrances from
the sea, one Of which is twenty -throe miles
ling, and the other twenty five miles. The
shores of these entrances, we are informed, ARE
settled by Scotch Highlanders and emigrants
rem the Hebrides, who prosecute the fisheries
in boats with much succ-ss." III several OF the
large bays connected with the Bras dor, large
timber ships from England receive their oar
goes ct distance Of forty to sixty m les from
the sea. The coal deposits Of Cape Breton ex-
good Working seams Of htuminous coal Of the
best quality. - So esI.s ~
Nova Scotia, including Cape Breton, has also
made great progress in the numbrr and exteQt
Of il Misunderstanding establishments. In 1851
II possessed 1853 sawmills, employing l;yS6
hsnds 1913 gristDills, employing f37 hands;
2s7 taDneries employing 374 HANDS; 81 weaving
ann carding shops, employing ll9 hands, and
containng ll096 looms, with other mauufac-
turing establishments Of miscellaneous char
acter. The increase of its imports and exports
has been very striking duricg the past few
yearr, the total having been, in 18t9, 7,72S.925
dollars 8 637, 1876 dollars in 1850: and
9,069 $50 in 1851.
One Of our most singular colonies, to Euro
pcan, is the island colony of Newfoundland.
Viewed from the sea. it has wild and sser le
appearance. covered with three different kinds
Of vegetation, the districts containing which
are classed as ''wooda," 'marshes," and "bar-
yens.n The trees OF Newfoundland consist prin-
eipally Of the pine spruce, hr, lafeh Tor Hack
matac), and birch. Some lighter woods are
alrO found in the colony. The timber is gene
rally Of email growth. In the valley and the
low lands are found open tracts or marshes
These are very fertile. The "barrens !" occupy
the.eummits Of the high lands anG produce little
beyond shrubs and ht RIBS Of various kinds. One
Of the most remarkable features OF tho country
is the abundance Of lakes or ponds which cover
Its surface, and are to be found even upon it's
highest hills. The island consains 40 river, and
scarcely any streams. Its area is estimated at
8,040 900 acres.
The great staple of Newfoundland is its cod
fish, the pursuit of which is either undertaken
in large vessels in the open SEQ, upon the
Grand Bank Of Newfoundland or els. 10 boats
near the coast Of the island. The Grand Bank
rs thus described in the report Of Nj. Andrews:
The Grand Bank is the most extensive submarine
elevation yet discovered. Il is about ak hun tred
miles in length aud In some places five degrees or
two hundred miiee, In breadth. The soandings on
, are from Twenty-Five to ninety five fsthoms. The
ID uT1u eutsk ol,c Go, II 40
hsqueDted by immense shoals Of small fsa, most Of
which serve % food fo- the cod. Where the bottom
prihcipa lily Of eand, and the dept Of water about
thirty fathoms. coo is found in greatest pico.y on
. muddy bottom cod are not numerous. The best
1Al grounds on the Grand sank are be. vcen lasi
tude AZ deg. and As deg. n srsn. sNt
The deep sea fishery is prosecuted on this
hank in vessels OF considerable size but the
ahore fishery is carried on by the huIubler por-
ton Of the Inhabitants in boats, or vessels Of a
size corresponding with the means Of those
who use -them. The shore fishery Is most pro
ductive both of fish apd OIL Herrings frequent
the coasts in vast shoals, but are not reg Arded
Is worth taking except for bait. The most pro-
AAable fishery ID for seals, which has been in
s5easing during the past few ears, and employs
Q considerable amount of tonnage. In 1851,
there were engaged in the seal fishery through
cut the island Of Newfoundland 1913 vessels,
with an aggregate tonnage Of 29,545 tots,
manned by 1887 men. The population, by
Re census of ls45, was 9G,2S6 souls Ga the
st l26, 900, Of whom $4,000 were en-
gagged directly in the fisheries. The purchase
Of these including oil, was estimated in 1851
at over E9OO, 900 sterling. The coast of Lahra-
der. north of Newfoundland, is also the resort
q large amount of tonnage and fishermen,
d iefy from Newfoundland and Nova Scotia.
The value Of the quantity Of seals and fish
a. al okc
to Es0O, 600 sterling per annum.
When we coma to regard British America as
. whole, there are some considerations with re-
speot 70 iIs future which forcibIy strike the
mind. Throughout the various provinces
there was in 1851 population close upon two
million FIVE hundred Houls owing allegiance to
Che British crown, extensive consumers OF
British products, and employing alsrge amcant
a British capital and shipping, which promises
N amazing increase, when 10 the course Of few
year., the great works now in course OF forma-
ton are completed. 1t must be obvious to the
INST careless observer that the progress of this
new people in commerce, IN wealth, and in
numbers is only just commencing. The vast re-
sources Of the soil which they occupy canaot be
said to have been as yet developed to more than
Abe m. rest Fl action o their real extent whilst the
material advantages Of its position, climate, DC,
have been very partially made use Of, and, in
d.ed, are scarcely comprehendei. or one Of
the most valuable portions Of the territory of
Canada-the valley of the Ottawa--a very
mall area only has been explored yet it is
aseertained that this territory, possessed Of fer
tillit, equal to the valley OF the Mississippi is
capable, when cleared and brought under cul-
tivation, Of supporting population treble in
number Of that which is now spread over The
whole Of the'difercnt provinces. Such popula-
zion, too, from their petition, must become
directly tribukary To Great Britain "a con-
SINNERS Of her manufactured products, whilst
they can supply her markets with pro
dacts Of the forest and Of agriculture, TO an al
most unlimited extent, aud afford vastly in.
creased employ ment for her shipping and her
seAnen. We have not, moreover, to depend,
for The peopling Of this or any other portion Of
British America, upon emigration from the pa
rent country. Germany is sending forth the