The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1854-02-12

We had fort since 1887. Along the coast, nhablt-
by the formidable tribe of the Chapsuks, are the
tie bays Of Nonlan, Djonhoulon, Kodos, Subaohi,
aidau, and Manai. This part OF Circsssa, which
marked by rich cultivation and numerous villages,
pposes the most determined resistance 10 the Rus
sian rule. Beyond Mama the western coast OF the
Gaucasus assumes more imposing character, the
his being larger and the general aspect of the
Aiis more rugged and more lofty. First OF all Is
seen the hne valley Of Sutchali, then the fort Of
Navakinskoi. Cape Length (oslled the Cape OF Her
cues cues py "a ,ae ancents} and the bays Of Ramona
of Gagi commanding the entrance into Crcassia. on
the side OF Abasia, behind which rise the preecipi-
tous rocks which constitute the most elevated points
OF the Caucasus In quitting the iedles OF Gari the
high mountains OF Abssis are met with The n,incas
of Abasis have been forced to nit the awe.
regnty Of the Car. Pozunda, famous for its church
which is said to have been founded by the Empe.
TOR Justiniap is the first important point of Abssia:
then comes Bomborai, fort the garrison Of which
ia decimatsd by sickness; next Guelendjik, one Of
the best bays on the coast where the Russians have
q fort, built in 1875 by the Sultan Amurath; and,
lastly, Iskurez, where the learned imagine was
founded the celebrated Greek colony Of Dioscuria,
known In the time Of the Romans by the name Of
6ebastopos, about twenty-five kilom. Q5A English
nies) beoM Cap lskarias. inc Iiser Galaz .i
point of Jamurzakhaz, extencng to the banks Of the
lDgur at the mouth of which Ii the fort OF Inskia.
On the left bank Of this river commence the auvial
plains Of Mingrela, which join at distance OF $50
Imsretta and Gouriel. The mountains Of the Can
caSus on the north, and those OF Achalzk on the
south, surround this magnificent basin. watered by
the rivers Khopi and Rion (Phass.) Redoubt Kale
and Pot situated at the mouth Of these two rivers
form the principal points OF landing But 1t is only
Turkish chaloups and small vessels that enter,
on account Of the sand banks which exist there.
Large vessels forced to anchor at 600 metres dis
lance from the coast. Since the suppression OF the
Transit and free trade in 1882, Redout Kale and
Poti have lost all commercial importance, and
al prospect Of happy future, It would
abandon these towns to tHeii Fad fate. ''H Tnsy
are surrounded by marshy plains, from which exhae
fetid iAsmata. Attwenty klom. Isl Englisb me)
above the Phasis, the little river NassaNeles (the
Lesis OF Arran) separates the Russian territory from
that of Turkey In proportion as fort Nicholas which
IL the last military station Of Russia in the Gourel
and which the Turks have lately seized on is depart
ed from, the low grounds which surround Mingrela
disappear insensibly The Achalzk mountains APP
proach the sea; and at Batoum enormous masses Of
rocks rise above the coast From Witch the shore
falls from the east to the west as bends to the south.
At the western extremity OF this curve rses Cape
Joros In the middle is situated Trebizond, become
since the commercial blockade of Russia one of tho
most important places of the Black Sea, being the
great enfGpot OF all the articles OF importation and
expectation from Northern Persia, and Turkey in
ASA England has seized on the trade of Trebiz0nd,
which amounts to fifty millions of francs, aud which
is carried with Constantinope by regular line Of
steamers Trebizond sends into every part Of Asia
the greatest interest that this place shOald
not fall into the power of the Russians But abstrac-
ton made of that consideration the situation of Rus
sis in appearance so powerful, exceedingly critical
the eastern shore of the Black Sea- She possesses
there only detached forts and the Turks have taken
one of them--thas of st. Nicholas-vbich the Rus
SLAMS, notwi, Outstanding all their Efforts have not
yet been able TO retake.
Effective Strength of the Russian Amy.
We copy from letter sd 4 the feptc i,u Nv
he correct statement OF the effective oross OF the Cssr
The Imperial compose. Of thrse divisions of III
fautr Of three regiments zach two divisions of cavalry
OF six rsgimens each regiment Of Cosss ,ks IONS
squad Oh q boy guards C,ucssiso) liz peees OF
sbs Prince Psste sitch comp II thu 1s I'd Sd and
4tb corps Each corps conss of three divisions Of in
Of four regiment The ilery IL distributed In the
pro ion Of eight pieces to each regiment OF infantry
and Of two pieces to each regiment Of cavalry The head
quarters Of these four corps RI the aotve
wilma Kio and Hom.l Tn, fifth and sixth corps,
Of the Besssraba and Aoscov the same
organization but the do not bs.ons to the active
The army Of the Caucasus Is cistinct and local corps.
The Other branches Of the OF corps
Ell nsr to the others with exception OF
nyads composed OF cid soldiers Of active
VIC. per orms he functions Of police and remain dis.
rersra throughout the empire ei scn 10 Finland-an
isolated corps corps 10 Siberia. also loo ar solatsd
Ru,si,n battalion consists numerically Of 1000 mon;
the effective force no wever seldom exceeds $50 Bs-
sidss here corps there In the Russian Ukraine
corps OF cavalry consisting of twelve regtm, oerps
Coaos The pumbsr Of vhoss regiments increased or
diminished At tie pleasure OF the Csar. cavalry rsgi
nspt OF the active army posed Of 900
mes. Those in the Ukraine consist OF 200
Effective Of the Prussian Forces.
The following Of present effective foros Of
the Pfuasian army Is taken ON the Temps, Of Bern:-
IS regiments II the line, Of 900 each dvite d into
49, eco Of % 90
bat.n, OF SeSo mon Of tSs b.t.iiiSn. Of
al n wsA fsvAA Ia
guards go 400 cavalry OF the anawehr SO 4so usu;
complimentary cavalry, 7.7e. Fled sri Dlery In
500 men Foot srtill.ry OF the lsnawehr ooa men;
cavalry 1900 men Nine detachments OF pioneers and
engineers 1900 men, lsndvehr 500 Fisd ArtilIs.
ry COO men lar dwehr oCU mep Pioneers and epgi.
nsers fertTesBe oeo The hsst, ~hisa IL 20.
ye entirely cTgAnlzd counts 600 msn wagon ser.
vice commissaf, cepsrtmsDt mantion s-rviss bespi-
tails &c. 1900 men Total sla 400 men and 5s4
ron i.
Prog ess OF America In Cotton Manufac-
tures
From the Ion'oo saippius CASTE, Jan 2pl
The Mt OF he Ma 7chester Chamber IL Com
mefce sIeFort Of WHICH Appssrsd Ia amus OF Tues
day desc TIE serious ider people Of
ser Of eePsIoirg cotton manufactures branch
OF trade of which the patton uIi never be deprived.
There cannot be doubt that cotton trade has been,
ana In eeo still s sourcs Of great wealth to this
Try that has afforded pioy to many tn sands
Of tire people, aad that through its great
Der Of the working classes hAys bssn supported In e,se
and eomior. Fut all thsso Advantages have resulted
from Epssnd havrs monopoly d TIE trade; ans whea
ba' Eorspoly cssses through the competition OF other
countries wnics have been preparing IL trsds oAn
lor ger ccptnre INST in siblp patioual resource
which II liz surpred 70 be. When forcisrIy
vrots en- TIE fueject raid that the United
States OF Amsrios the country from which ths
greatest oomrettucn 30 he spprshsnded: We
STATED what known te be the fast, t,st even then
America unde.sod Easi.rd in ell tbs rsatrA markets in
the eoEser f.bies and, koowi-g tas energy Of the
moi stop >, tha. pspt but th.: thos. Who ana
f.cture cloths v,ui very learn to manuae
tu's fin. cloths Also Tts opi1ion IT, in great degrees
borse out b. the statement OF Mr. James Aspual Tarncr
ct tt meeting OF the Wa chester Chamber Commsroe
or bontay last That gentleman observed that there
WIS clos. sest between the masters OF t. country
aud those of America, Ard CT Germany, France, aud
Srzersrd AID many other countrss for the
OF The market - and BE added that he had had samples
laid before him lat wset hoSfng that the Americ,ra
we're progressing With rapid strides In the cotton manu-
lectures, and that they making most beSutifuI
eofb, pot only OF the det bat OF nus
fabric sud thIt there nothing prevent them pass
irg rs except that labor little dsarer there thAa