Weekly national intelligencer., 1854-04-15

the free territory OF Illinois occupy that territory upon
with the emgrants from the free Statesf
According Ia tho census of 1850 there in Illinois
thousand nine hundred and fourteen persons
whose nativity in the slave States Have they been
deprived Of any right which the from the nee
States enoyeds If the Territory Of Nebraska is kept
Free the citizens of the free States will have no rights
which the citizens of the slave States will not have The
emigrant from the South take any thing into the Ter
rory which the citizen of the free State Either Of
them may take their property any thing which,
the universal consent of mankind is regarded as tho
proper subject OF property any thing which the Al
mighty designated as property when he gave Adam DO
nion over tho fish Of the and the fowl OF the air.
and every living thing that moveh upon the earth
My colleague Mr. j. G. ALLEN says it is no use 70
say slaves not property for the Constitution regards
them SUCH" II istrue that the Constitution provides
for rendition Of persons escaping service but the
word slave nowhere to be found in the Constitution
admit they property by the local Of the slave States,
but if the stakeholder takes his slave into Illinois, free
Territory, into Canada they still property No,
SIR whenever they pass the limits Of the slave States
cep in rans their shackels fall and they freemen.
If they free every State and Territory where
slavery was prohibited by the local law then sir the
Shareholder who removed into those Territories States
with his slaves would certainly enjoy privileges which the
citizens Of those States did not enjoy
If shareholders permitted to take their slaves into
Nebraska and Kansas the inequality and injury the
freq white mea of the North and South who 90 there
wGut slaves The free aborer does not wish the labor
of slaves into competition with his labor. The
effect of slave labor saways cheapen degrade and
clude free labor Our Government established to Sc
the people great rights and among them the rights
of labor erected by those who had fed from for
eign oppression to establish here home for free labor
and to it full honors and fair rewards We have
country whose cheap and fertile SOIL and noble rivers,
and mighty lakes invite labor and Government whose
inherent organization and moulding influences are de-
signed to stamp it with the sgnet OF the highest honor
Again, sir the citizen of the North has right TO OBJ
ect the ground that the introduction of slaves will
ard the prosperity of the State Slave labor converts
the richest soil into barrenness free labor causes fert
y and vegetation to spring from the very rock It is the
energ2ng power Of free labor which has built our rail-
roads, set the wheels Of machinery in notion added new
wings commerce. and laid the solid foundation OF our
permanent prosperity and renown will not institute
comparison between the prosperity particular slave and
free Sates but take your tables and examine their
comparative in wealth. population and prosper
y and you win discover that while the former with equal
natural advantages have progressed but slowly the lat
ter with an freshness and are borne on
the tide of prosperity pace unexampled in tho history
of the world If these things be why should we desire
inct slavery the Territory fNcbraeka? That Ter
rtory is empire within ITSELF containing four hundred
and eighty Eve thousand square miles, area enough 70
make fourteen States large the State Of Illinois.
Take your map and look upon that and the other terrific
ry Of the United States yet to be the vast terrific
ry acquired from France from Mexico by the treaty OIL
Guadalupe Hidalgo and that to be acquired under
the late Gadsden treaty Why, sir, here is territory
such other nation ever possessed Rome, IN the
zenith of her exaltaton in her strides to universal en-
pire and wide her imperial eagles went never ac
auired such territory this Ii is on this mighty do
that wish to witness the achievements Of free 10
Dor under the workings Of the Democratic principles tho
strong Of free labor aided by practical SCIENCE ana
melted by the fcgSing power of just and equal laws
yee free American labor vindicating her rights and as
sertng her prowess free soil.
But, again IL these Territories open to slavery,
them according system Of Federal representation
FIVE much three reemen. While the gem
teman from North Carolina mr. KERR earnestly
contendng for the equal of the South in the Terri
tories the gentleman from Ohio (Nr. CANpBELL) very
properly asked him the South would surrender this nm
equal advantage The reply was no. slaves 10 the South
property until the vote in the administration Of the
Government is to be counted and then they counted
persons. Am expected to sanction principle which
would give the Of hundred slaves in Nebraska
voice in national council equal to sixty votes while
the free white citizen Of Illinois has only single vote!
South Carolina, with white population of 274 563 white
persons has six members in the present Congress- while
Illinois, with population of S46,0S4 white persons,
has but nne In other words, Al, $40 white persons
in South Carolina send member to Congress, while
in Illinois it requires $4,000 Is such system OF
justice and equality? Have constituent who will CEN
me Representative of free State interested in
maintaining her equal in the national councils who
will nculpate for voting against any which
involves political absurdty monstrous that FIVE
slaves to count much in Congressional Repre-
sentation three freemenl II have such pity
him. an. Es
1t is true this basis Of representation is recognised in
the Constitution 1t inserted there upon the prnci
pies of compromise, and such do not porpose to
disturb il but when it isproposed to extend such prn-
cpe to the new Territories Of the United States believe
it my duty to oppose it.
1t is my business to discuss the morality Of slavery
Although that institution in the slave States recognises
the right Of property in coored persons and the
quent right buy and SELL involving in the
separation Of husband from wife and father from child
and giving the earnings of another yet these
things exist under their local laws, and they
of mine Representative this floor, except in
far it is proposed to extend this evil into the free
Territories of the United States hope my eyes not
blinded by sectional preudices to prevent from
looking at both sides of this question believe that
every stipulation of the Constitution ought to be fully car
ried out to the full extent and far meaning Of that
srument We all bound in honor and in justice to
ecute faithfully every guarantee and requirement Of the
Constitution and according to that Constitution, slavery,
themselves they have submitted it to Congress-
and Congress has power it; and any act of Con-
gress interfering with the exclusive authority Of the sever
a States the institution Of slavery it exists in
their respective limits without their consent would be
usurp9ton of power With this view of the subject do
not deem my duty, Representative this hoor TO
discuss the social evils Of that system. Far be it fron
to wound the sensibities of my Southern friends
There many of them in this and the other House wboso
good opinion would not forfeit for earthly gain nave
no sickly sentimenaty to waste this SUBJECT LOOK
a things practically, they are and not as YOU'D hke
to have them This institution is upon them 1t has de
scended to them from their fathers and If they desired
the emancipation of the slaves there questions IN the
way involving not only the interests Of the country but
also the future welbeing of the slaves themselves But
sir, plain. blunt man, nna while not an unkrnd
feeling stirs my bosom towards my Southern friends yes
must say while would disturb slavery in its pre-
sent limits yet believe Tiny duty my convictions my
country God, and humanity to oppose its further pro-
gress into the free Territories of the United States.
What good is be effected by this repeal Of the Mis-
r L. sl.k -