The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1854-09-10

ing paragraph respecting poiucs ~ M nc a.
The prcscp, time -
1he polisA psrbe- u Esne consist o. fa1ioo wings
Al tifusS, biVs hsioo MorTsn eupersoss
asr,rT.s Il. arassa All cenocrAts, Rnu NEBRASKA
cln hue den spt Nseras anS hor'Il aemo-
rats re- ,opfp us,on free era, hook sud ladder
o. mrasis, and MAJ nlhefH
This suggest. the idea B o. br sketch
Of The vaIiou. pol Il al , rt " ich pave pre-
vailed in tn Unitei S ste-, may not be uoin-
teresting to the readers 81 the HERALD, parscu-
layly TO those whose recollec ions d. not extend
hey ond the lorna ion OF the present national
parties whic, have div ided the people Of the
United States for the last twenty years.
Dui ing be An rican revolution the only
pol teal parties known we're those Of wings aud
tories-she former, comprising The great MACS of
the people, being favorable to The revolution;
and the latter, few in number calling them
selves 10y alists, were Opposed 10 throwing off
the yoke of the British goyerpm NJ. After the
war, the tories mingled with the parties tina.
were afterwards formed, some Of them Joining
the federalists, an, others becoming part of the
republican or democratic party. The federal
party arose on The formation Of the
constitution Of the United States by coaven-
ton Of delegates at Philadelphia, 10 1877. The
adoption of the constitution by the several
States, in conventions Of delegates c He'd for
that purpose. was carried after severe contests
In some OF the States, end nearly unanimously
in others. The IF ends Of the constitution as
sumed the name of federalists, while Is oppo
nents were called anti-iaderalists; and that was
the state OF parties when the constitu ton went
into operation in 1889. The national govern
ment. although one Of deliberate consent, en-
countered from its formation powerful oppo-
sition. Washington, John Adams and Hamil-
ton were at the head Of the friends of tue con
stitution when the first administration wa
formed. In the first Congress there was q con-
siderable number OF members VINO had opposed
the adoption of the constitution by their
respective States. In addition to these there
were some members who had supported the
constitution in the national and State convea-
tons, but now, from various causes-pr principally,
however, from desire to sustain themselves
in their own States or districts, where the con-
stitution was deemed unpopular Joined the
opp position to the administration OF Washing
ton. Among these may be mentioned Mr. Ma
Olson, OF Virginia; Mr. LangdoD, of New Hamp
shire; Doctor Williamson, Of North Carolina:
Mr. Baldwin, Of Georgia, and others. Thus
was formed what was afterwards called the re-
publican party, the name Of anti federalists
being disayowed by those who declared them
selves friendly to the constitution. 1t should
be noticed that this republican party was form
ed before Mr.. Jefferson returned from France
The first session of the first Congress, which
was held OF New York, occupied nearly six
montbs-trom the early part of April to the
10Th of September, 1889. Mr.. Jefferson return
ed from mission to France in November, 1889,
and assumed the duties of Secretary of State
in March, 1870, while the first Congress was
holding its second session at New York, parties
having been already formed at the previous ses-
session, and the opposition called republican act
ing under the leadership of Mr.. Madison With
this opposition party Mr.. Jefferson Immediately
sympathized, from his dislike to the strong
measures, tending to consolidation, recommend
ed by Washington Hamilton aud other leaders
of the federal party. Mr.. Jefferson did not hest
tate to call the federal leaders monarchsts
and hence acknowledged the propriety of demo-
minating his own political friends-the oppo-
nents Of Washington's dministration--repub
cans. In the first Congress parties were nearly
equally divided. The opposition elected John
Langdon, of New Hampshire, President pro
TEN. of the Senate, and Frederick A Mullen
berg Of Pennsylvania Speaker of the House
Of Representative: bun they were chosen in
the first part of the FIRST session, when party
lines were not strictly drawn. The Washing
ton administration were enabled to carry all
the important measures which they brought
forward through both houses of Congress.
The federalsts continued to call their oppo.
nents anti-federalists, by which they meant
enemies to the constitution, until the year
1898, when Citizen Genet arrived in this
country as the first ambassador from the
French republic. The opposition to the admi
nistration Of Washington warmly sympathized
with the French republicans and received
Genet with open arms; although he sought to
involve the United States in war with Great
Britain, and issued commissions to vessels OF
war to sail from American ports, and cruise
against the enemies Of France. L. appears to
States would engage on Its side, from treaty
stipulations or inclination, against England
Washington and his Cabinet were of opinion
that this country was not bound to take pare in
war begun by France: and in April, 1898, the
celebrated proclamation Of neutrality, by Pre-
sident Washington, was issued, which hes been
the guide Of the nation ever since in affairs
with foreign nations.
Mr.. Genet was said to have introduced into
this country the idea of democratic societies,n
which were first formed in the United
States about this time, in imitation Of
the Jacobin clubs in Paris. After the
fall Of Robespierre, these clubs, or
secret societies, fell into disrepute both in
France and America. From this time the fed