The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1854-08-17


tuL-W
Md sussa4 tie reooustructics Of the Crcayssds
p ceries. suppcsfne them to have been destroyed.
a mo means Of fOjuring an enemy ca be omitted
In war, The Baltic fleets win Of course be actively
sngAgsA n their proper duties and . successful
blow 1h:t any Of these redoubtabe fortinostions
might coavince the Gear Of his weakness, aad ope-
raes with great effect on tho opinion Of Europe.
The oh3ef object, however, OF this expedition ID
answere1 alzeady. The allied squadron IN the Bal
sc = sseling up every port and outlet Of tho Bus
sian dondnicas, IL def ing the whole power Of the
Car within cannon shot OF his own coasts, Il OK
posing fhe utter helplessUess Of his navy, ana i'm
prisoaing hls ships and his soldiers 80 securely,
s6 ssss seVe sssnd sna Fsnos s%
The teehle Of defensive preparations, and enable
thea e prosecute the war with no duties beyond
But Is CASE Is very different in the Black Sea.
There al tho Aggressive designs Of Russia are
symbeliDed and exposed. Sebastop0l IL the mate
rial expreasion Of that very policy which, after
ke,1le9 - Powers OF Europe 30 long In alarm, has
this wsr = now plainly stated, Is security Tor the
futuse Security for the future can only be OBJ
tained b. ~ reduction Of Russian power within
hs proper limits and i i in the Black Sea
-exceeded. eebsaopol 10 the type as Won n the
tng(kvment Of RussiAn aggression. The capture
q hio teetress would put tho Ottoman empire,
80 Aa0s&o CO1ak8, ana the 0004texxo0980 800 OUT
ever. Its results would be almost insiantaaeous.
A. soon ~ 6ebastopol and ts Aeets had fallen into
the powee q the allies, the whole Black See squad
Turkish capital The Crcassion shore and the mouths
or the Danube, would then all be safe without any
further proteotion. The Principalities would BE-
come the battle field, and the Gear might be de-
prWed o. bis "material guarantee without much
risk 81 his renewing the seizure. Such success
too, besides conducting directly to the termination
OF the war, would In itself secure one Of its princi
Pal objects Nobody has ever asserted that the 70
t'rement Of the Russians from st. Petersburg is o
necessary condition of European tranquility. But
the demolition Of Sebastop0l il plainly indisuen-
sible, and even II the Gear were at this moment
80 oaer the evacuation Of the Principalities.
And the Withdrawal Of his demands upon the Porte,
she peace concluded on such terms would be iusory
ana insufficient as long as the stronghold Of the
Crmea remained intact. We cannot say that the
capture Of Sebast0pol would at once tel inmate the
war; but it would be more likely than any other
operation 70 produce this effect and apart from such
an there can be no prospect Of any true
For these reasons we should rejoice to see that
the Chief efforts Of the allies had taken the direction
or tho Crfmes in preference to operations on the
other Side Of the Danube In that quarter NO power
can sct With such effect as Austria, and single
straightforward resolution on her part would termt
nate tho present state of inactivity and suspense
would give each Of the belgerent powers its fitting
1u'y and would at once bring the war to something
Ike q final issue.
[Fron the London Times, August 81
When the dispute between Turkey and Russia
irst assumed the form Of open war It was conjec-
tured that the Asiatic provinces Of tho Porte
would present the most favorable field for the
commencement Of hostilities. The Georgian DOS
sessions Of Russia constituted one Of the extremi
ties Of her huge dominions. In this remote do
paytment thero was no Russian nationality the
sympa&hies Of tho population might be expected to
taofine rather to their Asiatic neighbors and
between tho garris ,ns maintained in the pro-
vince and tho centre Of Russian power was
ihterpoeea the chain Of the Caucasus, defend
ed By Schamyl and his intrepid mountaineers.
ON The other hand the Mussulman element in
Armenia was peculiarly strong the fanatical
ardor OF the ancient Ottomans was there pre-
served In something like its original vigor and,
while the allied squadrons rendered their powerful
Vulnerable volunteers repairing to the standards Of
TIE Prophet would carry discontinue and havoc
into the territories of the Gear. These autic ,atons
however, have been sgnally disappointed. On
uniformly either held their own or gained ground
u, on the enemy; but in the Asiatc provinces they
have almost as invariably suffered defeat.
The scene OF the operations periodically reported
of the Black Ses in the angle Just opposite to Var
m. At that point the Turkish province of Armenia
touches the Russian province Of Georgia. and the
frontier line between the two recedes from the
II Persia. 1t Is along this frontier linc, or at va
rious strong posts within q short distance Of 1T,
that the principal engagements have occur
red. On the coast, exactly at the junction Of
Nicholas, which, it viii DO remembered, was gal
lsntly taken and maintained by the Turks at the
opening Of the war. little to the north of
Kaleh, and at short distance to the SOUTH on Turk
ish ground. stands that Of Batoum. Inland, along
the Russian border lie successvey the strong places
Of Akhaltaik, or Akiska, Akhalkalkakai, and Alex
- ns~k- Gr~s~
of more On less importance have taken place Ia the
Turkish territory are the stations Of Batoum, Kars
and Baya5id, each position but especially the two
former being held BY strong divisions of the Otto
To obtain general idea Of the operations Of the
campaign the reader may imagine this border line
between Armenia and Georgia TO be river Danube
crossed and recrossed by the beligercnts, exactly
or tho actual incidents of the contest az hitherto
conducted, we need say little more than that the
Tutiu have generally assumed the offensive, have
crossed the border into the Russian ter
ritory, but have usually been repulsed. The last
engagement Of which any particulars have reached
rs took place at Ozurghetti, village just within
he Ruaiian border, short distance nom Fort st.
iichodas, where selim Pasha, Who comman led the
-Bs4oam division Of the Turkish army, was defeated
by GsaeFA Andronikoff. Since that time q second
yictory of the same Russian General has been re-
ported, but with how much truth It would be DIM
cult - sey. From the general tenor. no xever, Of
our Adatic correspondence, We are induced TO APP
prehend that such results sre BY no means impro-
6able, nor would il surprise US to learn that the
ascendaEcy in these parts remained definitely with
the Russians until affairs are better ordered ia the
Ottoman camp.
II does NOT seem that the .ccpjectures formed
respecting the relative advantages Of Turks and
Russans on this field of operations were substan-
tialy incorrect. The Russians have received little
or no support from the population Of tho country,
whiIe large reinforcements of irrcgulars have
se ached the Ottoman commanders, and SO difficult
4 ~ Communication between Georgia and Russia
rrccer that Q detachment recently arrived at
Gunri from Moscow had consumed nine months
on lis painful march. The simple explanation Of
the Turkish reverscs appears to be, that whereas IN
,sliste q rutiny Of European eyes, the Ottoman
forces are well organized and handled, in the
Asiatic provinces they arc left to be managed IN
the ola turkish style. General Guyon it IL true,
holds an important command there, but he Is over