davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Lancaster ledger. [volume] (Lancaster, S.C.) 1852-1905, 1854-10-25
cHARLEsToN coRREsPoNDEHcE.
CHARLesros, Oct. 10, 1854.
l.UcIUs.

CHARLESTON, Oct. 10, 1854
TO he Editor of III; Ledger:
Were It 40, how glrlIy wouli { announce
the fast th.tff i hud IN .de it. appearance
in our city. AMI tha+ pat check to the sad
psstilencc, waich has, in so short pc-io 4,
brought trouble Intense and sore, to many
h'u sehold in our beloved city. We trust
its 4 iscnt Is not tyr oil, for il has made il,
welcome appearance in our neig hboriny city,
Wilmington There were deaths from
yellow fever for The "a hours ending on the
18th inst. The devastating scourge has
III IDS it, tsappsirInc, in Beaufort and D.lrien.
bat am glad to lslrn that Il has not been
50 prevalent, as frat reports led us to be.
leye. r
Our merchants had purch .sci large stock.
of goods, and IL was expected tn, the pres
ent season wo.Iid have been an unusul llly
busy one. but the fever has bliyhted the
hopes and expectations Of many. and cut
short the career Of many expectant ones.
Thousands Of dollars have gone North,
which had been accrmalating ia the Golfer.
OF country merchants for Charleston
Some country merchants have sent their
orders hers, but az most prefer 10 select
their goods IN propria perem1 the greater
portion have patronized the North. Not
only IN this respect his thu fever proved of
serions injury to trade--cotton would com.
n'and better price, AMI meet with re,di.r
sales,if our bayers were present, but many
are tb'snt. an will rem ,in away. until IN.
disc 40 dis p2sIs. Your cotton buyers In
Crndsn, colu,ubia, Chester. cs.. ars guild ed
by the pricss hero. so I'll It our whole Stat,
becomes a common sufferer
Col Cunningham who he .dcl tho sl.ket
In the laie election for Represent ,,ive..
comes out a card this morning TO tn. eli.
tors Of tho Mercury, Ia answer tv writer
VINO 81 snihy hi.nssif 'vsriL.s Absqus Tin.
ore IN taat papsr, insinultes that the can.
didAtes assd .oribSry and eorfnptiou Col.
=. calls apon The writer 70 deny ths fact Of
having auy aiIasion ~ himself. and if ihia
10 not dons, he esits upon Oh editors of ths
Mercury for his ntme. For raught We kaow.
this may lead 10 - duel. Cai. q. has acted
10 The capacity Of du.Illst, aud will not
safisr his honor TO be taraishsd through
fear Of consequences.
We look for a large number Of one deal
students this winter. Our College building
has been enlarged and greatly Improved -
The Charleston Medisal College has given
10 the worid many eminent physIeians. be,
lie nsefslness does not stop ~ sha jans,ax.
Many an iHfsat bog no doabt fspeslnk 30
his mosIsrs arms viii b ia.lshssI 10 the
Medical College og this city 10 sstuss yeass
Tor : kaewIsdas q MEDICAL sidnes wAlsh
The Lancaster ledger. [volume] (Lancaster, S.C.) 1852-1905, 1854-10-25
NEW YORK CORRESPONDENCE.
To THE Ed. OF THE LANcAsrER LEDGER
New YORK. Oct. l6, 1854.


DEAR SIR: Yesterday is day lcng 10 b..
remembered. A das the solemnities Of
which, brought the tear to many an eye, ms
did many bosom vibrate with peDt M
sorrow, which needed but slight effort TO
bringit forth with ripcreasrd yehemcnce. ]
aiiude to the sermons preached in the yari.
ous Churches, npon the all absorbing sab
ject-the loss of The Arctic. At Yonkers.
the home of Capt, Luce. the Rev. MIR Can.
ter preached, at the Church of the Messiah
Rev. DR., Osgood: Rev. Mr.. Bellows, at the
Church of the Divine Unity-the Rev'ds
McCurly, Hatfield, Cheever, Chaplin, Cone
and Henry Ward Bcecher, at their various
Churches. A large number of persons at
tended, and the discourses throughout w.r.
characterized by much learning and eIo-
qnence.
The owners wcro reproyed for not pro.
vidng against such casualties. If the bell
had been tolled ever two or three minutes,
'he accident would not have happened
But the idea of steam vessel running at
the rate Of twelve miles an hour, and in u
dense fog, so dense that the eye could not
penetrate through it farther than the length
Of the ship, is enough to cast ccnsure "n
such barefaced carelessness.
DR.. Graham who was accused Of the mur-
der Of Mr. I.oriBg nt the ST. Nicholas Hotel,
has had his trial The jury returned yer.
Diet Of manslaughter in Inc second degree
..hc penalty Of which isimprisonmcni in the
pentchtiHry for not |. ss than four, nor more
than seven years. His counsel have given
notice of their intention to uppenlfor new
trial. Ii is better perhaps to let well alone
Out of the eleven jurors (the relative OF
Mrs. Graham not scrving,) seren were foI
hanging. There was case in this city once
Of a similar character. The council for thc
prisoner appealed for new trial. On The
second trial, he was found guilty, and in tho
end hanged. Graham was smoking n Sc
gar, and as calm as cucumber when th,
jury reported. ,..
There were 4s2 deaths in this city for tn,
last week ending Saturday. OF this mum
ber 304 were girls and boys.
There are six or seven candidates for tn,
office Of Mayor. Gennin, the hat man, o
Jenny Lind notoriety declines running, Ge
min would make an excellent mayor
Whcie YOU iud nan of such enterprise
in his private busine s, he cannot but b.
active in his exertions for the public veal
Our banks here have doubled in numbe
in the last three years we now number 5s
The weather has been mild and pleasant
Our theaucs have been in full blast, an
attract ng good nudionecs
The Tally Ilo Gallop, I pray for tn
Loved ones at lIome, and the last Goo
Night are new pieces OF music Introduce
by Firthc, Pond g. Co.
Crires of all descriptions are , OF sinuail
occurring in This city. There Is no fallin
: oil, neither in mum beer, nor in the magnIruu
of their character. RUN in most instance
is The insiiyator and abetior.
: hope next week To give you more Il
leresling letter. Yours,
The Lancaster ledger. [volume] (Lancaster, S.C.) 1852-1905, 1854-10-25

nave been cnsDeu Ia borrow money irom
The bank, the legitimate object Of its crea-
tion. but for the fact that the great gigantic
money institution, could make more money,
and thus declare such good dividend, by
purchasing our Lancaster friends and Ches-
ter friends, and Kershaw friends, paper In
New York on such excellent conditions.--
Instead of 6 per cent, bank interes)it realized
IL, or perhaps 90 per cent Each, or may
be every one Of the class we have mention
ed, would have been profited even If they
paid 10 per cent for money. Could either in
violation Of all law, make such proposition
TO monied meni
BY beautiful law Of Political Econmy,
every article of commerce er consumption.
regulates its price. Sometimes when there
is scarcity in market, prices advance, but
so soon ns the supply increases, prices re-
cede. For instance, beef has been commHn-
ding an unusually high price in New York,
On account Of its scarcity The farmers in
the COZ ntry. soon hearing what nm excellent
price beefwas bringing, Immediately rushed
their beeyes to market, and the consequence
is, the increased quantity decreased the price.
On the same score If | am willing to pay S
cents pound for beef, why may not be
allowed TO pay Is per cent for money! II
the one is calculated to enhance my comfort
why may not the other! Men are apt to
cry out, Extortion Extorlion--be dumb
founded. it's popular to say so. 1t bears
so close an analogy. to advocacy of public
| rights. Is man extor,ing nf me, by loan
ing me money when was in trouble, and
for receiving for he same, the interest
agreed to pay him! Rather has he evinceC
an accommodating disposition, n desire L
assist us in trouble, rather than trample OF
US, as many are so prone to.
Can it be denied but our condition woul,
be better! The country would soon shov
It. Where trade has no bias, rs in some o
our North Western States, see how ever,
thin: fourishes. Villages there ten year,
ago, would now rival Charleston in size ant
population. Put no restrictions on unncy
and VIC will have IN engine as powerful n
the bank has.
The Lancaster ledger. [volume] (Lancaster, S.C.) 1852-1905, 1854-10-25
For az Lanea.ter Llda.r-


a maiden, onc,, wsh ku psn % fame
With ruby cheek and ,arghing eye,
When queston'd WHENCE her boauty cams,
Thus promptly made, in rhyme, reply
Der beanteous grounds I've daily walkd,
Where buds and dews their glories spread;
With flowers, "a friend to friend I've talked,
land on their riehcst fragrance fed.
Where Nutdre group'd her magic powers,
And brc.,thd spirit brs,tll around,
There have spent ms leisure hours,
And there my chief delight have found.
Yea moro; those grounds -to dress ndkeep,"
As mother Eve her garden kept,
HIVE given me health and soundest sIeep.
While others DER their miseries wept!
Enough. enough" her friend replied,
"Fu'l well the secret now know,
Ny lying rouge I'll lay aside.
And straight 70 shrubs, and flowers IN eos"
Ye daughters. then, Of Eve mos, fair,
Who wonId TO Highest health arise,
Lios much infhssh and open sir,
And don't yoar mofhers frsde dsspise!
The Lancaster ledger. [volume] (Lancaster, S.C.) 1852-1905, 1854-10-25

The South CARoLISA COLLEGE We
are pleased to observe By notice in an.
other column that the Alumni Association
of the college have determined to celebrate
The fifte,h anniversary Of the founding of
the institution on the first Monday 10 d.
cember next Ex-Governor Floyd, Of Vir
ginia, distinguished and eloquent gradu.
nte Of The institution, will deliver the orI.
tion. 1t will be quite an interesting oc-
easion.-C Carolinian.
The Lancaster ledger. [volume] (Lancaster, S.C.) 1852-1905, 1854-10-25

THE Loss OF WIYE.-No man but
one Who has BEEN called upon to mourn
the loss af dear and beloved companion.
can fully appreciate the beauty and truth
fulness Of the following article, which we
copy from an exchange
la c",nparison with tile loss of n wife.
all other bereavements are uifiing. The
wife /! she who fills 50 large n space in the
domestic heaven she who Lllsie,l herself
so unweariedly for the precious ones
around her !; bitter, bitter Is the tear that
falls upon her cold clay! You stsnd be-
side her coffin and think Of the past. II
seems an ambercolored pathway, where
the sun sl'one upon beautiful flowers. aud
he stars hung glitteriHg overhead. Fain
would the soul finger there--no ti,orns
are remembered save those your hands
may unwiiliDgly have planted. Her
noble, tender heart lies oTen on your in
most sight. You think of her now as NIL
beauty, all purity. But she Is dead -
The head that laid upon your lsosom, rests
~ the still darkness upon pillow OF clay
The hands that have ministered 40 un-.
tiringly are foIde'i. white and cold beneath
the gloomy portals. The heart, whose
every beat measures mn eternity of love,
lies ut your feet. The flower. sile bent
over in smiles, pend now above her in
tears, shaking the dew from their petals,
that the yerdure around her may be- KEEP,
green and beautiful.
There is no white arm over your shouh
ders-no speaking face 10 look MP into
the eye Of love--no trembl ling lips 70
mnrmur, %. II is so sad r
There u so strange hush in eyery
room, nclight tootstsns passing around,
No smile to greet YOU at nightf,ll. AMI
the clock ticks aud strikes and tieks--it
was snch music when she eould hear Il
Now Il seems knelI on the hours thro'
which you watched tho shadows Of death
gathering upon Der swes, face.
And every dag the old clock repems
the old story. Many asoiher tale Il tel.
10th too--of beautiful words aud deeda
that are'registere.l above Won feel--O,
how often that the grave cannot keep
her. ?
The Lancaster ledger. [volume] (Lancaster, S.C.) 1852-1905, 1854-10-25
State Election.


Representatives-Maj. A. II. Boy kin and
Col. }. B, Kershaw, elected without oppo-
sitiun.
Congrcss-No opposition to Hon. w.
w. B"yce
Tax Collector-Henry Pate.
Commissioners Of the Poor--John Boy.
kin, James Team, Richard Dtakeford, Jr I,
John Il. Shaw, James w. Cantey.
EDGEFlEI.D
Scnntur---Tillman Watson.
Rcpresentativcs-W. s. Mobley, Wade,
IIols,on, Geo. ID. Tillman, G. w. Landrun,,.
w. b. Dorne, and W.. Moragne.
WILLIAMSBURG.
SrnLtor--Miilcr
Observation-Disclosures and Epps. .,
The Lancaster ledger. [volume] (Lancaster, S.C.) 1852-1905, 1854-10-25

w- We wish it distinctly understood
paper, until all arrearagcs are paid, unless
we choose to.
For one to send us word to stop his pa
per, when he is in debt for il for six or eight
months, is an implied desire to present him
the paper gratuitously.
The Lancaster ledger. [volume] (Lancaster, S.C.) 1852-1905, 1854-10-25
Discovery Of Remains of Sir John
Franklin.

New York, Oct. 90.
a despatch from Montreal states that Sir
George Samson, Governor of Hudson's
Bay Territory, had received intelligence Of
the discovery of the remains of Sir John
Franklin's expedition. The statement is
that they perisbed of hunger in the spring
OF 1850, near Fox River.
The Lancaster ledger. [volume] (Lancaster, S.C.) 1852-1905, 1854-10-25

sB- The Columbia Caroliaian under.
stands, unoflieially. u ut the Commissioners
Of the new State House have determined
10 locate the building on Richardson street.
fronting north. Ii is the most prsfsrabIe
site. and the ono -hich should hss6 been
selected, IL possible. at first.
The Lancaster ledger. [volume] (Lancaster, S.C.) 1852-1905, 1854-10-25

~- We publish in tho present number
of our paper, an excellent piece of poetry
from the pen of alady of this village. We
vor us often with similar eiiusi6hs i e
We hope soon to hear from Tanks Own
Bard, and T. p. r.
The Lancaster ledger. [volume] (Lancaster, S.C.) 1852-1905, 1854-10-25

Court OF COMMON PLEAs.-JOHysoN, who
THURLow BECKHAM, was acquitted. He
was defended by Messrs. Clinton, Williams
g. Galluchat
The Lancaster ledger. [volume] (Lancaster, S.C.) 1852-1905, 1854-10-25

LARGE TURSrPs. Our friend JAMES H.
WIrHERsPooN, Esq, has presented us seve-
raj turnips grown on the plantation of Mr..
BARNETT JOHNSON. They are of unusual
size, the largest weighing two pounds. If
any of our friends can beat this, We would
ike to be convinced of the fact.
The Lancaster ledger. [volume] (Lancaster, S.C.) 1852-1905, 1854-10-25

Harry M.x AsD Lucky Doe. when
General LaGsys,te waa IN this country;
Two young men wers introduced 10 him.
He saij tn one. Are yoa sasrried o YES,
sil,' was the rrply. Happy NAN, qaosh
sl'e Genersl re il.en p.,t she same cues,
ton 70 the other. who rspiie.i. 4 am =
bachelor 'Lsscky dog, said the Geac.
rel. This = she bet essay on laairiuspy
cxtapt
The Lancaster ledger. [volume] (Lancaster, S.C.) 1852-1905, 1854-10-25

w- White frost has been seen in Oh ar
lesion. The yellow fever appears to be on
the decrease, there being only one death
from that disease on the goth inst
The Lancaster ledger. [volume] (Lancaster, S.C.) 1852-1905, 1854-10-25
Agents for the Lancaster Ledger.

W- A lad Of about IA years of age will
be taken rs nn apprentice at this Office. lie
will be well taken care of, and his situation.
made comfortable.
The Lancaster ledger. [volume] (Lancaster, S.C.) 1852-1905, 1854-10-25
Duel at Hoboken.

NEW YORK, Oct. 10.
A duel took place at Hoboken yesterday,
between Peter Thompson, of South Caro-
lima, and Norton, Of New York. They
fought with pistols at fifteen PAGES. Thomp-
son was shot in the arm at the second FIRE.
The Lancaster ledger. [volume] (Lancaster, S.C.) 1852-1905, 1854-10-25
Health Of Charleston.

-: CHARLESTON, Oct. 40.
There has been only one death from yell
low fever during the last twenty -four hours.
Weather cold and threatening frost.
The Lancaster ledger. [volume] (Lancaster, S.C.) 1852-1905, 1854-10-25

~- Our friend and subscriber d. is in
formed that the article he handed US, will
be inserted nextweek, we overlooked it thi.
week.
The Lancaster ledger. [volume] (Lancaster, S.C.) 1852-1905, 1854-10-25

CONGRESSIONAL ELECTION ALI the fol-
mer members have been reelected without
opposition except Hon. p. s. Brooks and
Hon. John Mcqueen, both of whom have
been returned by large majorities over tn cir
competitors; our delegation therefore is as
follows
Hon. WM. AIKEN.
&" p. 8. Books,
w. w. BoYcE,
LIN. KEfrr,
JOHN McQuEEs,
Jas. /. ORR.
The Lancaster ledger. [volume] (Lancaster, S.C.) 1852-1905, 1854-10-25

w- Cotton 10 Charleston is worth from
Ct to 81 cents.
The Lancaster ledger. [volume] (Lancaster, S.C.) 1852-1905, 1854-10-25
largo Defalcation of a Bank flficer

I'VE" HOhh, Oct To
The Teller Of the Ocean Bank in this
city is defaulter to the amount of $3.50,
600.
The Lancaster ledger. [volume] (Lancaster, S.C.) 1852-1905, 1854-10-25

AtteDtioa Is directedto the advertisements
Of Dr.. CaAvss in this paper The Yofk.
Vile papers speak IN high terms Of d..
CnAvSs's skill as Surgeon Dentist
The Lancaster ledger. [volume] (Lancaster, S.C.) 1852-1905, 1854-10-25

AcourrTED.--we understand that DR.. L.
Gunter, tried for the murder OF Mr.. Seurry,
has been acquitted.
The Lancaster ledger. [volume] (Lancaster, S.C.) 1852-1905, 1854-10-25
Three Days Later from Europe.
AR RIVAL OF TIL e A RIGA
SEBASTOPOL NOT TAKEN!

SEDAS lOfOL NoI 1AhEN.
New York, October 30.
The steamer Africa has arrived, with
Liverpool dates Of October 7.
She brings the astounding intelligence
that Sebastopol bed not yet bsen taken, and
that the accounts brought by the Baltic rela-
tive to the destruction Of the Russian feet,
the surrender Of Menchikoff, &c., were base
flbrications. The despatch signed 'Omer
Pacha" was also forgery.
On the alta, when the official courier left,
the fighting was going on without interrupt
tion. Menchikoff with 10000 men had
kept the open field till the 18th, but after
desperate fighting was driven into Sebasto-
pol. The allied arluies and fleets were in
full communication with each other, and had
formally invested tn place.
The latest accounts state that the allies
had carried the second line Of defence, and
that the bcsieged were hard pressed.
The Russian garrison of Anapa, a for
tress on the Circassian coast, after destroy
KoH. ----------------.
Messrs. Allen g. Anderson, large grain
dealers at Liverpool, had failed for 81 500 :.
600.
The Lancaster ledger. [volume] (Lancaster, S.C.) 1852-1905, 1854-10-25
Grlegrapbir.
From the South Carolinian.
ARRIVAL OF THE
STEAMER BALTIC.
Complete Success of the Crimea Expe-
dition.
EaTT nn crD crnDnJ,,

FALL OF SEBASTOPOL!!
The steamer Baltic has arrived, with Liv-
erpool dates Of October 4.
On the 25th great battle was fought
before Sebastopol, which resulted in the
utter annihiliation Of the Russian army
$4,000 perishcd on the field of battle and
$4,000 were captured, together with 1000
pieces Of artillery. The allies lost 10000
men in killed and wounded.
Prince Menchikof with tho shattered
remnant Of his army still gallantly refuses
to surrender, although Sebastopol is in
flames and the allies have sunk ten ships Ct
war in the harbor.
The effect Of this great victory has been
favorable upon the money and cotton ma r
kets. Consols have advanced to 96i, and
at Liverpool cotton has advanced I'D, with
sales since the Europa Of $4,000 bales.
From The South CdroiiniGn.
Throe nava Iater from Euroue
The Lancaster ledger. [volume] (Lancaster, S.C.) 1852-1905, 1854-10-25
Congressional Elections.

The following are the returns Of the first
The Lancaster ledger. [volume] (Lancaster, S.C.) 1852-1905, 1854-11-01
BOOTS AND SHOES,

Who would not have an easy, neat fit
~ ting Boot, in preference to one which
squeezes up the toes, and an unsightly looking
thing Mt that?
inc subscribers arc prepared to furnish the
public with Boots and shoes. which couno, f,;I
TO please the most fastidious. They have re-
Gently procured fine lot of fine French Calf.
Skins and Will ensure n fit to all those who will
patronize them. Boots made by them do not
burst open few days afterwards, but will last
as long as boots can last; and then, what n bcs.
sing that they do not hurt the corns.
Ladies and childrcns' shoes, also manufac-
tured in superior style
"lve us a CALL and you will not regret extend
ing your patronage to, FLOYD & son.
Aug. l6, 81 Am
The Lancaster ledger. [volume] (Lancaster, S.C.) 1852-1905, 1854-11-01
THE LANCASTER IEDGER
Notice.

TTIIE Subscriber will offer boforo the
l. Court House Door, at Lancaster, on the
first Monday i'm December next, his planta-
ton, or tract of land, containing 55l acres,
lying on both sides of Camp Creek, seven
miles north of Lancastervilc, on the follow
ing terms, that is, one third cash, the balance
in two equal instalments of one and two
years, with interest from the day of sale. or
will sell at private sale Mt any time be-
fore the day above noticed Any per.
son having desire 20 purchase Mt private
sale or otherwise, would do well to call at
the premises beforehand, as the owner will
be at home or some person that can show
the land. The plantation has ITO acres in
cultivation, 60 acres with the second crop.
This placcis well watcred and healthy, there
is good we'll in the yard and a good spring
within 100 yards OF the house, The planla'
tion is in good repair, with Dwelling
House, Kitchen, Smoke House, Corn Crib
Darn and Thrasher, Stables, and many
other small buildings There are two Other
small settlements on the premises, with
some or buildings on each of them, and
q spring ut each place. ...... .-s
s@'a -. u HENRY HANCOCK.
Sept 81 80 I'd
The Lancaster ledger. [volume] (Lancaster, S.C.) 1852-1905, 1854-11-01
MISCELLANEOUS.
AGhapter on Females.

We like to look upon healthy woman
she is prodigy in the nineteenth cen.
tury. Wherever you 60 you see scores
and hundreds Of spleenly, sickly, feeble
girls, who can hardly muster courage to
make their beds, wash their faces, or drive
an intruding cow from the yard. Tell
them about earl ly rising, fresh air, and
healthy exercise, and they heavc sig gh as
long as the moral law, and are ready to
faint away. You expect them to get up
before day, TO work in the kitchen, to
breathe the fresh air Of morning! Pre-.
posterous and absurd! They have never
seen the sun rise, and would hardly know
but the sun continues to shine forever, il
1t were not for the almanacs and their
grand-mothers. No wonder that every
year sweeps o the grave so many young
women who have been siclcly and effemi.
nate, ever since they were born into the
world; and death will continue to select
them as his victims till they learn their
duty, and pursue that course which insurcs
health, strength and long life. Our great
grand parents lived to great age, and
never thought of lying down to die till
they had, at least, reached tho meridian
OF life. They were stout, strong, happy,
and hearty. Whyl They rose early,
worked like beavers. and never spent the
midnight hours in dancing. Instead of
being frightened at II mouse at their feet.
beetle on their neck, a fy's foot on their
arms, in the absence Of their fathers and
husbands, they would load their guns, and
shoot haqFa
bay party of savages. How have their
daughters degenerated' What female is
there nowadays who wouldn't run from
agun, even if it had no lock. The ladies
OF olden times out lived their husbands
years and years. How is it nowl Wid.
ows are few and Ear between. 1t was no
singular thing for our grand mothers to
have three or four husbands in the course
OF their lives. Now it is The reverse. Men
have about as many wives, diseases of ate
have been so fatal among the fe male sex.
ID yoa know the eauscl 1t is found in
listless idleness, inactivity, late hours, thin
shoes, muslin dresses, horror OF fresh
morning air&and in that detestaLle stuff
stitched in pink and yellow covers, which
Is flooding our country. If they will do
nothing else, young ladies will sit and read
from morning ill night that sickly, senti
mental, impure, and we will say licentous
trash that is thrown in such abundance
from the press. This shrivels the mind,
warps the affections, chills the better feel.
ings, and makes the life wretched beyond
description. Let females look into this
subject and act Ike reasonable beings.
and we should see quite different state
OF things. We should hear of on faintine
away, no sick constitutions, no affection Of
lungs, no elopcments, and no suicides
Ec. 80