davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The daily union., 1854-02-17
MAPS on THE PACIFIC RAILROAD SURVEY.

On motion OF Mr.. RIDDLE, IRON the Committee on
Engraving, II ordered that the maps oi the expoFa.
tons on the for the Pacific railroad be engraved
on condition that The cost does not exceed 81 500.
Mo BRECKENRIDGE, from tue Committee Of Ways
and aeans, reported bill TO provide Tor the completion
OF certain eusiom.houses and marine hospitals referred
10 the Commiee OF TIE Whole on the state OF the Union
Alter disposiag OF variety o. unmporant reports, the
House resolved itself into COMMITTEES OF the Whole on
The state of The Union and proceeded tar Obs in the
chaif to The consideration oil The homestead bill.
The daily union., 1854-02-17

The PRESIDENT pro tenn laid before the Senate
letter from Beverly Tucker and VIM M Ovsrton, pro-
posing to the contract reiinquished by Robert
Armstrong tor publishing the debates and proceedings
OF the Senate; which was read and, on motion by Mr..
HAMLlN, il referred TO Inc Commil,ec on Print
inn
The daily union., 1854-02-17
MIR. WALKER.

MIR. WALKER. suppose 20. 1 wish To say that the
Committee on Revolutionary Claims have made full
report 90 that whole subject and have brought in
era BILL which is now pending. and will probably be
acted by the Senate and there is no necessity there
fore for the reference OF these psiers
Mr. SEWARD. ask, then, iha, they may lie upon
the table.
The motion agreed TO-
The national era. [volume] (Washington [D.C.]) 1847-1860, 1854-08-24

1t will be seen that the totals Of ihis table
are nearly Identical with those which the Free
Press copies from tbs Bulletin, while the fig
ures under tho heads OF free and slGvo States
axe quite different. Ii IS evident that the dis
cr5pGncy results from carelessly oOInm;ngling
the footings Of the COLUMNS Of figures in the
above table, and the result is that the South "a
made TO appear more favorable to the free col
orcd man than tho North, whereas thcro is no
foundation for such an Inference The reason
ing Of the Free Press on this head, therefore,
falls to the ground. The fact is, that the
Northern ratio of increase IS slightly greater
than Ike Southern, at present, and for twenty
years pGst
1t will be seen that in the earlier years Of the
Republic, the FREQ colored population, both
North and South, increased rapidly-in the
former section by general acts Of emancipation,
by which Slavery was gradually abolished
in tho latter by voluntary emaDcipatiOns. The
latter have now almost entirely ceased from
tho unfortunate state of feeling which PIE
wallis in the Southern States; while the source
,f increase from Northern emancipation has
been dried up by the final extinction of Slavery.
The number of slaves liberated by New York
and New Jersey, between 1910 and 1910, was
1871. Pennsylvania passed gradual eman-
cipation act in 80, which was further amend
ed in 1888. All are declared free, at the age
CT twenty eight, who have been born since
1850. Shareholders were forbidden, under o
heavy penalty 70 remove their slaves beyond
the limits Of the State; and hence it is evident
that the emancipation was slow and gradual.
Similar restrictions were contained in the
emancipation acts of the other States The fol-
lowing table shows a rapid increase of the free
colorcd population of Pennsylvania, from 1890
to 1920, by which Cine the great bulk of the
saves became free. Since that period the in
creaea has heen slow:
The national era. [volume] (Washington [D.C.]) 1847-1860, 1854-08-24
Important Work for the Present TIM,
history OF CUBA: lis PAST AND PgESIS1

BY MATURIN NJ. BALLOU.
GIVING a Political, Historical and Satisfied &c,
N count Of the Island, from its Erst disc0,,rJu
the present day. To be comprised in oae v0luc-
duOdecimO. Finely illustrated with engraving E.a
original drawings taken on tie Island
In depicting tho manners, customs pecua.t.-s.
products and local characteristics Of the Isia. ,.
Cuba, the author has been guided by personal CD.
servation, aided by copious notes taken on "a, ..
and among the people he describes.
The work is fresh in its character and brings p .
history Of the bland up to tie yr.set Lay, sbaWa.
in clear, impartial light it, great wealth and I,.
ical importance, tho extraordinary oppression AMI
taxation under which it has suffered the iyr Ity %
its soil, and the glorT Of Its fruits Rud owrTs at
statistical record Of its staple productions and lis.
tory Of its slave trade ard slave population.
Mr.. BalIou was for some time o resident of Cuba.
and has been careful student IL the history C.: tie
IaanG.-Saf. Zee GG-stts.
We know Of no one more capable Of farm hi-. q
useful and readable Yoluus q the kind than lr
BallOu- Boston Post.
Mr.. Ballou spent several months upon The Island
and with his habits Of study and reflection lus, have
obtained copi0us materials which he is well qualified
to convert into an interesting aRd valuable work -
Boston Journal
&c The above work IS in active preparation. a-l
will be issued in few days.
PHILLIPS, SAMPSON, & Co.
July 2l-2aw3w Publisher Bost.-
The national era. [volume] (Washington [D.C.]) 1847-1860, 1854-08-24
Il. G. ROBBINS,
Mechanical Engineer and Solicitor of Patents,
Waahiuqtnu n T.

WILL make Examinations at the Patent Office,
w prepare Drawings and Specification, and pres
ecute Applications for Patents, both in the United
States and foreign countries.
Applications for patents which have been rejected
at the Patent Office, he will, when required argue
before the Commissioner of Patents, or before the
Appellate Court; in which line of practice be has
been successful in procuring great number Of very
valuable patents
He will prepare specifications and claims for
the reissue OF patents previously granted iInPer-
feet descriptions and claims.
Applications for Of patents either at the
Patent Office, before Congress he will also Ygor-
ously prosecute.
Also, superintend the taking Of testimony to be
used i'll conflicting applications before the Patent Of
fee, or to be read in court.
In al cuses OF litigation tho subject Of patents
he will prepare the for the legal profession ex
plain the scientific and mechanical principles involv-
ed, and the application Of the law thereto.
lie viii also give opinions and advice to the value
and validity OF paten's and may be consulted in
Of nfringements Of patents and all other mat
ters pertaining to the patent laws and practice in the
United States and Europe.
Also, prepare caveats assignments, and all other
papers required for securing transferring patent
property.
Having been Ten years in the constant practice of
his profession in this city and having free access to
the models and records in the Patent Office, as well
as to its library, and thu Congressional Library"
he faters hii2self that he all cases give per
feet satisfaction to those who msy place business in
his hands. March 29-eoW
Ofice on street, opposite the Patent Ofice.
The national era. [volume] (Washington [D.C.]) 1847-1860, 1854-08-24
crease has been slow

Similar results are observable in other States,
and demonstrate by the by, that the North did
not abolish Slavery by running their slaves off
South
Having corrected the blunder5 or mis-state-
ments contained in the articls from tho Free
Press ard set the facts fairly before the reader,
we now come to the question at the head Of
this article, viz:
What becomes Of the Free COIored Peopls2
1t cannot be denied that tho ratio Of their
increase has fallen far below that of the whites
or tho slaves. In the earlier years of the Re-
public it was greater than that Of any other
cIass, in consequence of emancipations; gradu-
ally the supply from that source was stopped,
and their increase Yves about equal to that of
the whites At length it fell below, not only
the whites, bet the slaves; and now it is little
more than one-third the ratio of the other
classes, with q downward tendency.
1t hiss been argued, from this state of things,
thas Slavery is the only condition in which the
negro thrives, and that to liberste him is to
apnihilato him. This is the philosophy Of the
friends Of Slavery and the example of the De-
troit Free Press shows that Northern men are
in some instances disposed to give it cOunte-
nance. We dissent entirely from this gloomy
philosophy, and proceed to set forth reasons for
believing that il has no found alton to res. on,
but the unjust prejndioes which have been en-
gendered in tie atmosphere of Slavery. We
also propose to answer the question with which
our article is headed, by pointing out the
whereabouts of tho missing free colOred people.
Ia the first place, if it wero true that the
tyranny Of law and custom in this country has
The national era. [volume] (Washington [D.C.]) 1847-1860, 1854-08-24
rHE PIANO AND MUSIC ESTABLIkHMENTO OF
HORACE WATERS,

TINE bost and most improved Pianos and Melo-
L deems in tho world. 7. Gilbert 4 Co.'s W orld 8
Fair Premium Pianos, with without the Aolian,
and with iron frames and circular scales. The merits
of these instrun ents too well known to need fur
Their commendation. Gibers Boudoir Pianos an
elegant instrument for small rooms. Hallet Cum
stons Pianos Of the old established firm of Hallet
Co. Mr. w. being sole agent for all the above Pianos
he can offer them lower than any other house in the
United States Horace aters's Pianos, manufao-
tured expressly for him. having great power of tone
and elasticity Of touch. Pianos Of other make. In
for Pianos in the world, afordng opportunity for
selections not to be had anywhere else the Amer
lean continent Second hand Pianos at great bar
gains Price from 500 to $l75.
MELODEONS.
Goodman l. Baldwin's Patent Organ Melodeons,
with t1go hunks Of keys sweet and powerful insru
mont. Prices from SIS to $500
s. D. & IL. w. Smiths acell k1lOicSs and jUStLy-cSl-
e5yated IeLoae0RS. Prices from $50 to $3.50.
Q-y- The above makos the only ones tuned in
the equal temperament. 81 Melodeons of other
makes, of all styles and prices.
Martins unrivalled Guitars from sos to $50. Flu
tenas from So to $25. AccordeOns from 81 to $50.
Violins, from So to $25. Flutes, from IS to $40.
Brass instruments, and others of all kinds.
Dealers supplied with the above Pianos and Melo-
deems at factory prices.
This list comprises the products Of the great mas
ters of both the American and European continents
and is receiving constant additions by an extensive
publication of tbs choice and popular pieces of the
Academies, wishing to purchase any music published
in the United States or make arrangements for con-
tinued supplies Of Mr. Waterss new issues will find
it greatly their interest to call forward their
orders. Music sent to any part of the United States
postage free May ~.
The national era. [volume] (Washington [D.C.]) 1847-1860, 1854-08-24
GIbnAN'S HAIR DYE,

The best article used as hundreds can testify
in this city and surrounding country. Read GIL
MANS LIQUID HAIR DYE in sta1ltan sOusLy chang
the hair to brilliant jet Black or glossy Broaon
which a srnsGnent-dOes not stain or in any way in
jure the skin. No article ever yet invented which
will compare with it. We would advise all who have
gray hairs to buy IT, for it meter fgis BostOu Post
T. d. GILMAN, Chemist, Washington city, Invent
or and Sole Proprietor.
For sale by Druggists, Hair Dressers, and Dealers
In Fancy Articles, throughout the United States.
The national era. [volume] (Washington [D.C.]) 1847-1860, 1854-08-24

Is Is IN reference 20 .!i. statement that tie
following remarks 40 rsa..e:
"Th,s march Of ihe iaTca,, in tie free
STATS 10 lac sisyc S...ea e ii il,,le1s stat, q
tL:cls is presentcd. Here. where We should
naturally look or tie largest tccro-eo IF the
Zee a. sro Pova!-t0u iLcre rs been & i con
tia@es to le steady increrse and th;s as the
Fhil-de.-.2 paper TcmlfEs IN sp.t6 e thc
civ.l and social disabilities AID the autago:.ism
Of races when is more marked there than 1T
the North. AEG ,,,ha..l each Cf thccc States
have pass5d lave flsbitdIg absolutely tho in
PRODUCTION Of iroa ncgrocs frcm o.hcr S.aies,
their nIIalc.a multiply ta1rc n : ratio ezCe5 &
iug that 81 ECst e the free Stale. which are
tie refuge Ct fugitive. AID whose laws are iha
laoSt iacuigent and fattorirg to the ooi3raG
race
iho free neErca5 are now moro numerous
IN The slave than in tho f o. S,ates--a rcsllt
MT to DO easily c-odtcl cr corprahended
when we think Of The opposite institutions and
tastes that exit IN tho two divisions Of tie
Co"ieieraey. 1t must Do referred partly to th9
lncGc favorable climate o. tie ScU:h and Tart-
L. to natural initiation in n portion of TIE
race - SGbTHIt 70 tie Gccr8lcd condition Of
thcir ascsStors, rather than uadcIgo tho haz-
ard. So o.tca attendant rpan higher civil stand
Ins IN ms-c uortherly States"
1t g easy to show the gross errors Of the
figures upon which these comments are made
and :heir correction VIII Dc an al-suiIicient 70
Ily to the comments which accompany them.
In fact the editor has himself furnished the
hss. evidence of their falsity in the more elab-
crate table embraced in his article, entitled
Free e0l0yedia each Sat Al d fsreai yeriods''
We fad in it so-ae tria'7g crrorS which VIC
have coTreotsi By q o. oIul comparison w!;h
the Census returns. Tno b.undcr Ct tho Free
Pes or Of has authority, the New Orleans
Bui.etin, consists in cGre!essly i1lnblng the
iOoti5gs o. the columns. Ii Is t. be observed,
ty the way, that tho elIor happens to chino in
with The eject &C the writcr--a psychological
pbanono1oa wlioh va have crt,n Eal ooca-
c.9a t. witness = the controversial writiags'ol
tie aav'c2tos OF Slavery.
We ~ cc7y the corrected tables Of the
colorcd porulasion in the several States, and
adj tie ..o.i.;Ss 81 the columns together prop
ely, in o.ier - sioH tie numbers e. the DIFF
f,rent pori5i; IN the free and slave States. The
writer has placed Delaware among the free
States, IA wo have H3t though. proper to
charge tho arrangement. We baya added
Texas a0J California, to make tie table com.
rlcte:
C5lor,d reputation in each free State Of III,
UalOn.
The national era. [volume] (Washington [D.C.]) 1847-1860, 1854-08-24
A BOOK FOR TIE MILLION!

THE CITIZ MS NAN U A L.
THIs is the title of work prepared by ALoNzO
d. FERREN, and soon to be issued from the
terestne and important matter relating to the ques
ton of American Slavery
This is work which should be In the possession Of
every American citizen as it contains facts and ar
euments relating TO Slavery with which every man
should be familiar especially at this particular time
when the sggressio1s Of the Slave Power upon the
Federal Government renders 1t necessary for every
man to take stand for Freedom or against it, Tho
book is both interesting and useful. As book for
reference alone il is worth twice its cost.
On receipt Of the price, (25 cents0 copy Will be
sent to any address post paid.
~ Orders should be sent in immediately.
Address, post paid, AL0NZo D. FERREN,
Clarkson, New York.
M B. Newspapers publishing the above, together
with this notice, and calling attention to it, and
sending copy Of their paper marked, to Alonzo d.
Fcrren, will receive, free of postage, ten copies
tho Manual. July 81.
The national era. [volume] (Washington [D.C.]) 1847-1860, 1854-08-24
WASHINGTON, ID. c.
WHAT BECOMES OF THE FREE coLoRED PEG.
PLEl

The Southern newspapers and those Of the
free States which advocate or apologize for
Slavery, have recently circulated statement
from the census relative to the decline of the
ratio of increase of the free colored population
Their Object is TO point cut the advantages of
Slavery to the colored race, and to show that
in a state Of freedom they rapidly decline, and
must eventually disappear. The following is
a portion Ct the statement referred to, and is
correctly taken from tie census tables:
From the Detroit Free Press
Decline Of The Free Coiortd Population an
the UnItsd Sldtcs-A critical anafysis of the
census returns, since 1890, furnishes some siu-
gular facts in respect to the free colCred popu-
latiOn Of tie United States. The general i'm
preston Is, that this population has increased
IN large ratio; whereas tho truth IT, the ratio
Of increase has been steadily declining. For
example. the rate OF increase from 1890 to 1900
was So % per cent. from 1900 TO 1910 it was
72.C0 per cent. from 1910 to 1920 It was % 25
per cent; from 1890 to 1880 it was SO So per
cent; from 1880 to 1910 it was 20 81 per cent,
and from 1910 to 1850 it was only II II per
cent"
The Free Press remarks upon this statement
as follows:
"In connection with tho unmistakable fac.
that the ratio Of decenn:sl Increase Of the froe
coioIed Population in the United States has
declined from 50 % per cent. between 1890
aud 1900. - j II per cent. between 1870 and
1880, It Will be Cb'eTved that during the same
period the rate CT Gcc,nni.l increase Of the
whites ha1 advanced from 81 6S per cent. 10
b q Per cent
" IL the Ncw England States, tie number of
i:ce blacks has kept about stationary. II New
l,rk, their number have absolutely declined
a5ant enc thousand in ten years. In the mid
Gle States, tho decline in tire ratio IF increase
j. especially Observable. In the Western
S;ates-for : few years past the grand reser-
VoIr Of negro omigrRtion-an increased ratio is
shown but even here, the aggregate addition
t. tia, portion Of tie population amounted, in
ten years, to bat Q little over 10 Goa ra.io a
great way behind the white increase"
The Free Press rex. Institutes comparison
Of tie relative increase Of tho free colored popu-
la4ion in the free and slave States, with a view
t. ihJw that thas universally prescribed class
t.riye better in the South than in the North.
We viii proceed to rhoS that tho eli.or'5 re-
masks ca this head &c wholly g5cInGlcss-
that they EIe based On q statement which il
stupidity inaccurata, AMI was compiled with
thai proclivity to error which Is On inheren;
vice among tha champions Of slavery. The
editor says:
1--WE annex several teilas ~h,ci We fad in
tie Phiia 'elrhia Hptlt5n, Inanicsiiy prepared
VIII Hs.h Labor and care, exhibiting MANY
Interesting ia.ta:
The national era. [volume] (Washington [D.C.]) 1847-1860, 1854-08-24
VOL. VIII.
Eternal Vigilance is the price Of LiJsrty.p
PROSPECTUS OF THE FREE CITIZEN
ROD nun ''
A PAPER FOR TIE PEOPLE.


TINE undersigned proposes to publish at tb,s,...
l. government Of Pennsylvania an Indepepd,rt n. u
mocratic weekly newspaper under the aboy. -
and, in announcing this purpose, We deem il M.
to refer briefly to few of the general princplesvb
shall govern our course.
The Scripture teaches that "God created man L.
own image" and that all men consequently bred
rem. The Declaration of Independence recogn,s,.
this truth when it declares that "all men are CO.,
equal and that they are endowed by their Cr.,,e..
with certain inalienable rights, among which are hi
liberty and the pursuit of happiness
We believe in the Constitution Of the United St,,..
which declares its purpose to be ito form more -.
feet union, establish justice, insure domesti, t,sr
lily, promote the general welfare and secure ,b,I
sings of liberty" and hold that all its rroy.7
should be construed in accordance with this g,a.,,
purpose.
This was the position and purpose Of the s,..,.,
tho Revolution, and we, their descendants sbor,fl'
Dor to secure tho blessings Of individual liberty Al
national liberty.
We believe in Democracy-a goverumsb. bv .,
People and for the People-in the Democracy Of f..
thought free speech free conscience, free labor si
free men-in the Democracy which loathes Olrr.,
son and which does not bend It's back 20 sustain -
interests of Glass, however powerful imro,,r,i
numbers or position. A Democracy VII ch dy,..t4
which despises tho People, undertakes their It.r
gence, disregards their opinions, ndaLuzes Thereon
hdence, we look upon as p-etence and a sham 7,
man is to be considered merely as a stall fed animal
to be satisfied when filled with creature comforts tb
will free citizens and free labOrcrs be looked p .
a nuisance and an incumbrance; bu: lot when tb,r
are regarded the life blood Of the Republic. ".
have been told that such paper a. ~. pryIos. =,
print cannot live in tho atmosphere Of Iarri,lur,
that the politicians OF Pennsylvania have 50 debats
ed her public sentiment as 10 crush out al rryaId
Justice Humanity aGd the RE- Of Man as mr..
claimed in the Declaration Ct Independence bui W.
do not believe this. Every friend offreedorn and d.
mocracy has personal interest in the reputation n
the Commonwealth, and We trust every friend Of Tie
cause will do his past to sustain THE FEEE CIrlzg,
and refute this SANDER on the Keystone State
TERhs.-THE FREE CITIZEN viii he vfiDt.l
large and handsome sheet, al Two Dollar, NJ,
year, payable invariably in advance. Three rorfs,
will be sent for s. copies for So and 10 co,i,.
for $l5. No paper will be sent unless the nopeyse
companies the order. Address
A. NJ. GANGEW Err, Harrisburg. Pa
The national era. [volume] (Washington [D.C.]) 1847-1860, 1854-08-24
Liver Complaint, Jaurdice, Dyspepsia, Chronic or

Nervous Debility, Diseases Of the Kidneys,
4 ND all diseases arising from a dsordored liver
~ stomach, such as Constipation, Inward Piles,
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or Weight in the Stomach, Sour Fluctuations, Sink
ing Eiatulrncy st the Pit Of the Stomach, Swim
ming of the Head, Hurried and Difficult breathing,
FlJttcTng OF the Heart Choking Suffocating Sen
sations when in lying posture, Dimness Of Vison,
Dots Webs before the sight Fever ard dull pain in
the hoad, Deficiency of Precipitation, Yelowncss of
the skin and oyos, Pains in the SIDE back, chest,
limbs, &c, Sudden Pushes OF heat Burning in the
ssh Constant imaginings Of evil, and Great DePres
sion Of spirits can bs eaectuGlly cured by
DOCTOR HOOFLANDS CELEBRATED
GERMAN BITTERS,
Prepared by
Dr.. C. NJ. Jackson at the German Medicine Store,
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Their power over the above diseases is not
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afer sklfdl physicians had failed.
These Bttsrs worthy the attention Of invalids
Possessing great virtues in the rectfcaion Of diseases
Of tho liver and lessor gIands exercising the most
searching power in weakness and affections Of the di
gcstivo orgapS, they are withal safo certain, and
pleasant
More Home Tsyttmonv.
PHILADEI,PHIA, March l. 1853.
DEAR SIR; For the past two years have been Sc
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Piles, suffering constantly the pains and inconveni
ences attendant upon such complaints without ensr
used great deal of medicine without any apparent
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recommend your Bittcrs to all invalids.
Yours, respectfully, JOHN r. Cory,
DR.. c. NJ. JGckson No. IL Lagrange Place.
PHILADELPHIA, January IL, 1853.
DEAR SIR; l have used your Hoofands German
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DR.. c. NJ. JackSon III Wood st.
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For sale in Washington, D. c., by 2. D. GILMAN,
and in Georgetown by J. L. KIDWELL.
April 1-3taW