davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Loudon free press. (Loudon, Tenn.) 1852-1855, 1854-04-18
FALL GoOpSI

JOHNSTON, SMITH &; co.
4 RE now openieg fresh stock of Fall and VIM
N ter Goods recently purchased in Baltimore,
Philadelphia and Now York, and respectfully ask
their customers to call and examine their asssort-
ment
We have a variety of Ladies' Dress Goods-con-
ssting of Fancy Broeade, and Black Silk De lanes,
Cashmeres and Plaids Shawls, Heavy Silk Fringes
and Laces, and variety of Dress Fringes.
Above Stairs Gentlemen can be shown an unusual
ly large Stock of Ready Made Clothing--consisting
of Pants, Vests Dress, Sack and Over Goats, heri-
4? Shirts and Drawers; also large supply OF Cali
and Kip BOOTS, extra article Of WATERPROOF,
Double Soles and Uppers.
In Kip Shoes. we can show article equal II MT
superior, to any thing Of the kind er offered in it's
market.
We have fresh supply of
H.2fsD HIRE .1.N'D QUEENS iI:9LtE,
Coffee, Sugar Syrup, Molasses, Teas, Candles, Soap,
&C., &C.
We paid the Cash down for our Stock. Have
bought at the lowest figures and promise not to be
out-done in low prices.
Loudon free press. (Loudon, Tenn.) 1852-1855, 1854-04-18

pillow it in at once, and let it rot in the sod
This course is not always practicable, and the
dung has to be preserved in some form for future
USE To have it rot and at the same time de-
compose good deal of corn stalks, straw and
forest leaves, mixed Herewith, and lose nothing
of its volatile elements is the end to be aimed
at-D. LEE.-[Southern Cultiyator.
Loudon free press. (Loudon, Tenn.) 1852-1855, 1854-04-18
WORLDS FAIR


TNHE present age strnly great era in the Worlds
l. History. COloric engines. Magnetic Telegraphs,
&C. And the Arts and sciences so improved in point
of correctness and simplicity, that it only requires
one fourth of the time and expense, now, to gain a
competent knowledge of many of The Arts, that was
required 20 years ago. Fer example, Twenty years
ago it required from 10 to 20 days learn the of
Garment Cutting; now by the aid of
j. S. NH AMPS
Improved Garment Gutter, any Lady Of common ca
pacity gain practical knowledge of this truly
interestOn and necessary branch of domestic
my, in from to 2 days by this Best Rule of Gar
ment Cutting, the Ladies up with the Tailor and
in many they render satisfaction than the
Taior-their Coats, Pants and Vests, fit neat easy
and fashionable This work is now selling in II of
the Southern ana Wester States. part of the Yves
tern and all the Eastern States yet for SALE and
1 am giving most extraordinary chance to make
money in the sale of the Copy Right of States, &C..
for further information as to the sale of the Copy
Right, Orders for Patterns, &C., address me Post
Paidl at Louisville Tenn.
Respectfully,
JAMES s. BONHAM.
.r. 80 .. Publisher &c Proprietor
Loudon free press. (Loudon, Tenn.) 1852-1855, 1854-04-18
John NIRLO.

SCULPTOR & MARBLESTONEC CUTTER, sYs
Knorrale Tennessee. NJ
UTOULD respectfully inform the citizens
w of LOUDON, vicinity, and of East .l(Nf.
Tennessee generally, that he is prepared to 'Esag
furnish on short notice, elegantly wrought TV
Plain and Ornamental Marble Nantes, X,
Monuments, Tombs, Head and Foot Stones, dc.
of tho neatest styles and models and superior Mar
be and on fair terms.
, Mf> Orders thankfully received and promptly
executed Dec. Is, 1882.
Loudon free press. (Loudon, Tenn.) 1852-1855, 1854-04-18
E. WAYMAN G. CO..
CARRIAGE MAKERS.
MORGANTON. TENN:

OAh RIAITE NAN LhO,
M0RGANT0N, TENN: 1-zb q
w ILL make to Order ALL descrip- fStI-g15s&esZ
w tons of Pleasure Carriages, in-NI2- Y
the best and latest STYLE and Warranted for
IL months, if properly used. They are determined
to work the best material and workman, and sell as
loo the kind of work can be had elsewhere!
They return their thanks to their liberal patrons and
solicit continuance of their favors and invite all to
call and examine their work before purchasing else
where.
Harness, of all descriptions will also be furnish
ed to Order.
Repairing, promptly done in the best manner and
on terms to suit the times. July l5 SO. [l-35 1y1
Loudon free press. (Loudon, Tenn.) 1852-1855, 1854-04-18
P D. GATES.
Produce s. Commission Merchant, and

GENERAL COMMERCIAL AGENT,
No. I2 Broadway, New York,
FXECUTES orders in prompt and business-like
r manner for DRY GOODS, READY MADE
CLOTHING, Hats, Caps Bonnets, Boots, Shoes, Gro
ceries, Crockery Hardware, and Merchandise gener-
orally; Machinery, Agricultural Implements Musical
Instruments Furniture, Carpets, Carriages and Har-
ness, and in short, any thing that can be manufae-
tured, that money will buy in this city vicinity.
Consignments solicited and sales made Of Cotton,
Tobacco Feathers, Fars, Ginseng, Beeswor and other
Produce. Purchases and sales made of Government
and State Stocks, LAND WARRANTS, &c.
ESs~ Orders with the Cash, for goods time
from Merchants in good credit, VIII meet with my
prompt personal attention.
Dec. IL, 1852. P. D. GATES.
n. B.-I will also furnish any of the following
named machines, mado by Wheeler, Melck Il Co
Albany n. Y, at their lowest cash prices, free,
commission, to-,cit: Wheelers Patent Railway Chain
Horse Powers for two horses 0vershot Thresh-
ers and Separators for Double Single Power; Com
bned Tbreshers and WinnOwers for Double Power,
Glover Hullers, Circular Saw-Ms with "a inch Saw,
and Corn-Stalk Cutters p. ID. Ct.
Loudon free press. (Loudon, Tenn.) 1852-1855, 1854-04-18
NEW GOODS! NETV DS!!
JOHNSON, BELL g. co,

A RE receiving and opening large and well Sc
IA lected stock of Goods. consisting of
STAPLE AND FANCY DRY GOODS,
Of the finest and neatest styles; also assortment
of READY-NADE CLOTHING Family Groceries,
Drugs, Medicines, Paints, Oils, Dye-Stuffs Hard
ware, Nails, Queensware, Wooden-ware, Hats, Caps,
Boots, Shoes, Umbrellars, Parasols and in fact
most articles usually kept by merchants in this Sec
ton of country, all of which will be sold on the
most reasonable terms for cash or produce. Call and
examine our stock before purchasing elsewhere.
London Nov 18th S53 n5l
Loudon free press. (Loudon, Tenn.) 1852-1855, 1854-04-18

TITO CORRECT all Misapprehension, and to give
confidence to the friends and patrons of this road
il is proper that it be publicly stated that full and
ample arrangements made for carrying from this
point all goods shipped to designed to go
either up or down the river. Regular trips Of steam
ers will be made to Knoxville, and occasional ones to
points on the Clinch, Little Tennessee and French
Broad rivers as business may require.
No charge made for storage, drayage or forward
ing, and the rates of transportation made to COM
pete with any route C. WALLACE,
Loudon, Feb. ], 1854. President.
P. S.-The card of James Williams, President of
the Tennessee River NJ. NJ & Transportation Com
psny," dated at Chattanooga, Jan. goth, has just
been handed me, in which the price of freight over
the East Tennessee and Georgia Railroad is contras-
ted with the route via Chattanooga.
Competition is the life of trade" and none have
right to take exceptions when fairly and honoraby
entered into and conducted.
In answer to Capt. Williams card, L have only to
say that goods and produce sent to the care of the
East Tennessee Georgia Railroad shall be carried
just as cheap, and perhaps little quicker than by
any other route.
The freight cards that may be issued from time
to time from Chattanooga, will govern the yates on
the East Tennessee & Georgia Railroad, and the
steamboats, that run in her connection and we do
not expect patronage unless we work as cheap as
others none need fear being Overcharged, or having
their goods or produce delayed. c. WALLACE.
President.
Loudon free press. (Loudon, Tenn.) 1852-1855, 1854-04-18
G. U. APPLETON

MaHUIdCIUTGr OF II UfHIIUre,f
@ TN IsoUcA WOULD respectfully in
&SSIt1NSGMIS<E1gS$ form his friends AMI the cit
SCk> GS> N&sP liens of Knox, Rome, and
Blount counties, that he is prepared to ma to order
any article of Furniture that may be caledfor upon
rs favorable terms can be had any wheIs in East
Tennessee.
GG~ Shop near Campbell's Station, Knox county.
April 9, 1858. 81
Loudon free press. (Loudon, Tenn.) 1852-1855, 1854-04-18
Z gulthnn fire. Yress,
AGRICULTURAL.
CULTIVATION OF THE PEAR TREE,

CULTIVATION OF THE PEAR TREE,
The principal reasons deduced by the or
ohardi,t for neglecting, or refusing to plant as
many pear trees as viii bear some proportion
to the number of his apples, peach or other
trees, are that the first cost of the pear tree is
generally more than double that of the apple;
it is longer in coming into bearing; it is
more liable to leaf or sap blight, &c. These
objections may look formidable, but they are
not insurmountable.
II is true that the cost at the nursery Of 100
pear trees, is more than that of200 apples trees;
and this must continue to be so, for the ex-
pense of raising pear trees for suitable size
for market is much the greater; but when plant
ed in the orchard they require no more atten-
ton than other fruit trees, in order to make
them do their best, they require cultivation and
attention far beyond what is usually extended
to them.
A we'll cultivated pear tree is as prolific as
an apple tree of the same size, and the fruit al
ways sells at more than double the price of ap-
pies, so that the cultivator gets full return for
his extra outlay for his pear tree.
1t may be said that pear trees will not bear
transportation equally well with apples; but it
will be recollected that most varieties of pears
improve by being gathered before they are quite
ripe and allowed to ripen off the tree; if this
course is pursued, the objection falls.
A very popular method of cultivating the pear
ia by working it upon the Anglers ounce stock;
by this..means the tree is dwarfed and thrown
into bearing at an early age.
Some varieties succeed better on the ounce
than on the pear stock, while others refuse to
grow upon the ounce unless they are double
worked; that is, first work a free growing varie-
ty upon the ounce, then the refractory one upon
the free growing pear.
Many persons appear to mistake the term
"Dwarf Pear" thinking small fruit is what is
meant. 1t is not the fruit, but the tree that is
dwarf
The best stock for dwarfng the pear is the
Anglers ounce. The apple is made dwarf by
being worked u pom the Paradise stock; and the
cherry upon the Cerasus Mahaleb.
For the orchard we prefer to grow the pear
on its own stock, but for gardens and small en-
closures we would select the best varieties
that are known to succeed well upon the ounce,
and grow them as dwarfs.
Varieties of the pear that are late in prOdu-
cling fruit when worked on pear stocks may be
brought into early bearing by judicioas pruning
and pinching.
If the tree is permitted to branch, say three
feet from the ground, and prunsd into a pyra-
mid form, leaving the lower branches the long
est, and cutting back those above, it will not
only bring the tree into handsome shape, but
tends to throw it into beariug. Pinching the
ends of the growing branches the last of August
or first Of September, so as to stop the growth
and ripen the wood, will cause the formation
Of fruit buds Farmers Companion.
Loudon free press. (Loudon, Tenn.) 1852-1855, 1854-04-18
II. 4. READ e co..
CARfNET-NFAKERS & UNDERWRITERS,

KNOXVILLE, TENN.
FTNHE subscribers would respectfully call your at
4 tcntion to their stock of CABINET-WARE now
on hand, and to which they constantly making
additions at their Ware Rooms, Southwest corner
of Cumberland and Water Streets, which embraces
nearly all the leading articles of modern styled Fur
nture now in general use such Sofas, Sideboards
Bureaus Beadsteads of every description, Pedestals
Wardrobes Centre, Sota Card, Extension, Dining and
Breakfast Tables, Rocking, Parlor and Beeded
Chairs Book Cases Pier Glasses Cradles Cribs etc
Their Furniture is all made by good workmen, and
of the best material and in style and quality will
compare Favorable with that manufactured in the
Northern cities, and elsewhere.
You are respectfully invited to call and examine
their stock of Furniture, feeling assured they &C
commodate you with any article in their line of bu
siness, and on the most reasonable terms. ja7-8t
Loudon free press. (Loudon, Tenn.) 1852-1855, 1854-04-18

IN SWEETWATER VALLEY, EAST TEN.
ONE Thousand Acres of Land whereon now re-
Inside, adjoining Sweetwater Depot the East
Tenn. Ga. Rail Road in Monroe county, is offered
for Sale. The Farm is in good state of a.
cultivation and is in good fix for crop this SEHzf
year. Has on it comfortable, but not fine, ISL
Dwelling House and good out houses; good barn
80 and stables; beautiful Apple Orchard, gratis of
- the best fruits of the country, and other fruit
trees; and many never failing springs of pure
water 1t is capable of being divided into two very
good, well watered, well timbered and convenient
farms.
AN early purchaser have the privilege of rails
ing crop the present year and can be supplied with
STOCK, grain, tools, &C.; and some likely NEGROES,
as these wall be for sale when the place is sold.
jan 81, "a. 2 10 4mortf r r I,ENOIR
90 Cases Boots and Shnes q 70 Liz. 1919 -. .
Loudon free press. (Loudon, Tenn.) 1852-1855, 1854-04-18
NOTICE

TNHOSE indebted to me for medical services in
II 1883 and previous years are requested to call
and settle their accounts before the first of April next
In nv absence payment can be made to VIM. Len
DIR or A. J. Blair. B. B. LEN0IR.
Lenoir's, Tenn, March Is, 1854. 15-2m
HARDWARE.
TNGL1NSH Solid Box-Vices, Bellows, Anvils and
r. Hammers-for Smiths also, German Blister and
CAST Steel for sale by, ORME. WILSON & co.
Loudon free press. (Loudon, Tenn.) 1852-1855, 1854-04-18
AGRICULTURAL IMPLEMENTS.

ALBANY, May 10Th, 1858.
We hereby certify that Mr.. P. D. Gates is sole
Agent for the sale of our Agricultural Machines in
East Tennessee. [Signedl
WHEELER, MELICK & co.
VNHE above is copy of certificate which have
L received from Messrs. Wheeler, Melick & co.
l furnish their celebrated Horse Po1ccrs Tbreshers
and SeporaterS, Uocer Hullers, and other machines
at their cash prices-,tree of comm ssions.
PEIceS=
For Double or Two Horse Power, ThreSher and Sep
arator, including belts, wrenches and oil-cans,
comp SlbO W
Double Power alone, including belt, 120 90
Do without belt,........... lis 90
Double Thresher and Separator, alone...... 40 90
Single, or One Horse Power, Thresher and
Separator, including belts, oil-cans, and
wrenches, complete, ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS. 12S 90
Single Power alone including belt,. 90 90
Do without belt ............... IS 90
Single Thresher and Separator, alone...... So 90
Glover Hullers 80 90
Straw and Stalk Cutters, for Horse Power, 80 90
Circular Saw Mill, with q inch SAW. IS 90
One Horse Power, without band wheel,..... SO 90
Churn Gearing, .......... Is 90
Band Wheel, ........................... 90
Band for Power, 90
Double Power, with combined Thresher,-&
Winnower, including belts, wrenches, DC, 245 90
Combined Thresher and Winnower, alone, l25 90
IT Orders solicited. Address
P D. GATES,
~ Brood,cay, Ne,0 York City.
New York Nav GOTH 1853 Tl-30-Iy1
Loudon free press. (Loudon, Tenn.) 1852-1855, 1854-04-18


year has arrived when stable manure is prone
TO frA-fans-n chemical change that lessons
its value from so to 60 per cent. To prevent
such a loss is an object of much Importance in
farm economy, and we will endeavor to explain
the subject in way that will render it plain to
all interested in providing food for plants.
= Few are ignorant of the facts that mass of
dung thrown from stable, and particularly
that from horses and mules, is apt to heat and
sometimes it proceeds to spontaneous combus
ton. This heating is not injurious, if only
moderate in degree, for it always precedes, and
attends fermentation, whether vnous or putre-
factve. The latter is what the skilful farmer
desires to increase the solubility of manure; for
Nature rots vegetable and animal substances to
prepare their elements for reorganization in the
cells Of living, growing plants. Fire fanging is
peculiar chemical operation analogous to bur
ming wood into coal, or charring hay and straw
BY imperfect combustion. 1t not only checks
putrefaotive fermentation in manure heap
bnt drives off in q gaseous state all the nitrogen
and ammonia it may contain. Half burnt dung
and straw, fire fanged manure) refuses to fer
ment, rot, or dissolve for the nourishment of
crops, for long time after it is buried in titled
ground. Hence, it is not too much TO say that
farmer who allows his dung heaps to fre-fang
really loses nearly threequarters of the value
OF the same, and often more than that
How one can best prevent this excess of heat
ing is the point now to be considered. 1t done
simply by spreading the manure over a greater
surface thin as not to heat at all, nor ferment,
but thicker or thinner according to the weather
and the nature of the manure. To adopt the
language of farmers, some excrements are of
more heating nature than others; and no one
rule will apply to every condition and compost
ton of the dung-hesp. 1t should not, however;
be long exposed to the open air, rain, and sun
shine, but be covered over with loan, clay, or
vegetable mould. In this state Scotch farmers
call their dung-heaps "pies;" the covering of
earth being the uppercrust and the one of clay or
leaf.mould being the under crust The right
management of these spies" is quite as difficult
As the management of coal pit, or burning
brick kiln. All air must net be excluded, for
that would arrest decomposition. To learn the
condition of the mass the farmer sticks stake
into it, which being drawn out, he learns from
the steam, gases and temperature of the air
that issue how his pie is baking. If the heat
is too great, the heap should be forked over i'm
mediately to cool it as you would seperate the
sticks in burning brush heap; or you may
cover it deeper and closer to exclude air as you
would close the draft in cOalpit, lime or
brick kiln. If water is convenient, make stake
holes into the heap and pour water into them
just enough to put out the latent fire below.
10 avoid all loss and labor of this kind, we
prefer to haul most of our manure in raw,
aniermented state, into &c the field, spread and
Loudon free press. (Loudon, Tenn.) 1852-1855, 1854-04-18
Feb. &. 1854. feb 14:tf

JOHNSON, BELL & CO.,
"AVE just received their Fall and Winter stock
Ill of Goods which they offer low for cash or pro-
.duce Their motto is quick sales and small profits.
Give us a call and we insure trade.
JOHNSON, BELL &c CO.,
A RE Agents for and have on hand supply of
N DR.. Christies Galvanic Belts, Necklaces Brace
lets and Magnetic Fluid; also DR.. D. c. Moreheads
Magnetic Plaster
Loudon free press. (Loudon, Tenn.) 1852-1855, 1854-04-18
DRY Goods and Groceries.

OOO11Oo'
w. II. TRUIEE', &c CO.,
II AS just opened in their new Brick Store, one
IL door north of the Post Office, good supply OF
FANCY, DRESS AND STAPLE GOODS;
to which invite the attention of the public, call
and examine for yourselves before purchasing else
where. Also on hand good supply of Groceries,
by wholesale and RETAIL consisting of Loaf Crushed,
Powered and Brown Sugars, Coffee. Brandes Wines,
COrdials, Lemon Syrup, Whiskey, Rum, Gin, Sugar
House Holasses, Rice, Candles and Soaps.
Also Sugar, sada and Butter crackers, Raisens,
candies, English Walnuts, Brazil nuts, Almonds
cheese, and variety of other articles tedious to
mention. LOudon, April 80
Loudon free press. (Loudon, Tenn.) 1852-1855, 1854-04-18

DIR. j. IT. BLAIR;
"AVING located in LOUDON, two doors south
IL Of Leutys Hotel, respectfully offers his Pro-
fessiona services to the citizens of town and the pub
lie generally. [June 10, n30
Loudon free press. (Loudon, Tenn.) 1852-1855, 1854-04-18
STONE COAL

ID ECEIyED at CHAMPE'S another supply of
IL those superior NO VA SPUN SIX UNDER
SHIRTS e. Knoxville eb 19y-1
GUGARS.-A lot of fine New Orle = Sugar just
~ received direct, and for sale by tn, hd at 81 a
Ct, by [ap21 ORME, WILSON & co
TRON.-A good lot of Wagon Tire, Plow moulds,
Il and Bar Iron, for sale by
apo McLIN & HENRY.
LfLOUR.--A large lot No 1 Flour at Wholesale
II and retail, by McLIN & HENRY.
BEARDEN, SON &c co.
A GENTS for the sale of Duponfs Ponder, VIII
IA mington, Delaware. Feb.26-,-15 So.
Clover Seed! .af-
S0 BUS clover seed for sale at 50 per busehi by
~ 0RME, WILSON co.
Loudon free press. (Loudon, Tenn.) 1852-1855, 1854-04-18
Valuable Lands for Sale

A Prime lot of Rio coffee just received an for
"A sale by W. P. TRUITT & Co.
Loudon free press. (Loudon, Tenn.) 1852-1855, 1854-04-18

House, Lott and Livery Stable for Sale
I HAVE the House, Lott and Livery Stable in the
Il town of Loudon, Tenn, which there is
ming water, fronting Atlanta street, No. 49, and
contains from to one acre, which will sell low
Apply to the Editor of the Free Press, or TO
JAMES w. NELSON,
oclStf-n50 Knoxville, Tenn.
Loudon free press. (Loudon, Tenn.) 1852-1855, 1854-04-18

H(l Cases Boots and Shoes are being received and
wv opened by tsept 22l oRME, wiLsoy co.
Loudon free press. (Loudon, Tenn.) 1852-1855, 1854-04-18

w. L. LIZ w Il,
Dealer in Dry Goods, Gr9ceries, Etc, Etc,
LoUDoE, Tenn.
TIA on hand large and beautiful assortment,
III to which he invites the attention of the public
Smith Tools.
ID elbows, Anvils, Vices and Hammars for sale in
DLoudon by (oct 26) W. P. TRUITT co.
II ARD CANS.-5O neatly turned Lard Cans
i Iron hoped, with turned lids, for family use.
Also 20 iron hoped kegs and 10 gallons, suitable
for molasses &c. (dec2-3] JOHNSON, SMITH Co.
DR. W. L. WHITE, having re- .-zzzzR
IL turned from the East, now offers -
for sale, new and fresh supply of drugs, a
Medicines, and dye stuffs; and all articles
usually kept in drug stores; which will be CD
sold as low as they can be purchased in East Ten,
nessee,
Country Merchants, and Physicians are requested
to favor him with CALL before purchasing elsewhere
He will attend to all calls that may be made on
him for his professional services from the city and
vicinity as heretofore. Tno loft
Worcester daily spy. [volume] (Worcester [Mass.]) 1850-1888, 1854-06-16
THE NEUTRALITY-SUSPICIOUS. -

NEW AND SUPERIOR COOKING RANGE, man
ufaeured and for sale wholesale and retail by CILS0N
RICHARDS0N. & Co, 374 Broadway, New York; also,
81 and So Blackstone street, Boston.
1t embraces all the modern Improvements, combining
beauty durability and economy in the Of fuel with
perfect efficiency in operation. The simplicity Of its
struction, and the consequent facility with which is
managed particularly commend 10 the attention of those
in want of a first-class cooking range.
The fire chamber is materially different in form from
that Of any other range in present use, being
ed that by spreading the coal large surface and
burning in thin stratum, the heat is equalzed under
all the boiler openings.
The revolving CRATE supported by lever is adjusted in
such that the rechaber be instantaneous
IL emped while the range is closed to prevent the
escape Of dust or ashes into the
The is Of extra size, with the tues arranged
to in the highest possible degree equal
of radiation every side, being elevated and level
with the top of the re-chamber the draft is entirely up
ward and natural. The external plates lined with
composition which being non-conductor of heat gives
the advantages of a brick oven.
Under the is large and capacious Hot Closet
where is continually found mild and gentle heat render
ing valuable service for warming dishes of food
Being supplied with powerful water-back the range
may be made to furnish without extra fire large amount
of hot water, at all times for bath other purposes
Provision is also the attachment hot-air
lures by which, in addition culinary departments it
subserves important purpose for warming dining
parlor either above adjacent to the apart
ment in which it is placed.
The Fues are large and equally adapted for burning
Anthracite and Bituminous Coal Coke Wood. 1t re-
euires additional for the of either For those
purchasing for transportation to distance it offers pecu-
liar advantages being complete in ITSELF and in respect
dependent on brick-work for any of its fues.
In points of finish workmanship and general appear
ance, it will not suffer by contrast with any.
In respect cost 1t compares most favoraby with either
of the Elevated-oven Ranges now in market.
mch21 dawly