New-York daily tribune. [volume] (New-York [N.Y.]) 1842-1866, 1854-07-28

sea coagt OF The United states was now seen 10 Degn ~
that river aud passing along the Guf aud around the Per
nsula and the Cnpes 10 eFmnlte al the 81 Crpx
in the Bay OF furdy.
exhausted Nenry all her Ame Colonies inspired by
The example of the United Staes ana sustained by their
sympathy struck for independence established republican
and entered into treaties OF amty and com
with the Republic OF the North.
But the United States yet needed northern passage
from their valleys 10 the At-uc Ocean. The
cham TO be Opetd must necessarily have connections
natural or artificial with the inland rivers and lakes An
internal trade ramfyng the country necessary basis
for commerce, and would constitute the rmes, possible
national union. Practically there the country
thcr O canal 20 serve for aOee engineer compe-
tent to project The railroad invention had not yet
bee perfected in Europe conceived in the United
States. Tie Federal Gov eminent alone had adequate
sources but, after long consideration and uDproda-
bic experiments hot only dlsavOwed the policy but also
Unclaimed the power of making internal improvem .nts
Private capital unavailable for great national enter
prses The StGes were not convinced of the wisdom OF
undertaking sDgy works within their borders which
would he wholly or in part useless unless extended beyond
them by other States and which, even although they should
be useful TO Themselves would be equally or more bene-
fetal 10 States which refused neglected TO JOIN IN their
construction Moreover the only source OF revenue IN the
States was direct a1ation-aways unrehape IN popular
cOvement-and they had established credits al home
abroad. Nevertheless the people comprehended the
oxicepcy and their will opened way through oil these
acknowledgements The State Of NewYork began and she
has hitherto although sometimes faterng prosecuted this
great enterprise with unsurpassed fidelity. The other
States according 10 Their respective abilities and con-
yctiOns of interest and duty nave coOperateC by canals
We have ended the navigation Of Chesapeake Bay to
the coal fields Of Maryland at Cumberland and also By
the way Of Columbia TO the coalhel1s of Pennsylvania
BY canels have united Chesapeake Bay with the Della
ware River ard have with alternating railroads connec-
ted tia, river with tho Ohio River with Lake Erie
BY canals we have opened q navg cation between
Philadelphia and NCwYOrk mingng the waters of the
Delaware with those Of the Raritan By canals have
given access from two several ports the udson
different Cotfolds IN Pennsylvania. By canals have
also extended the navigation Of tie HUDSON through Lake
q Lawrence uear
trea We ere just opening channel from the Hudson 10
Cape Vincent, on Lake Ontario, near its eastern ermina
ton, while long since have opened from the
river TO central harbOr on that lake al Osweso cor
responding improvement, made by the Canadian auhori
ties On the opposite shore proongs our navigation from
Lske Ontario 10 Lake Erie We have also connected the
Hudson River with the eastern branch of the
through the valley Of the Chenaugo, and again with its
western tributaries through the Seneca Lake We are
also uniting the Hudson with the Allegheny tributary
Of the Mississippi through the valley of the Genesee One
long trunk Of canal receives the trade gathered by of
these tributary channels, while directly untes the Hud
with Lake Erie at Buffalo The shores of that great
lake tie basis of second part OF the system
Canals connect the Allegheny, III the State OF Pennsyl
vania with Lake Erie at Erie the Ohio River, Portage
and at Cincinnati with ke Erie at Cleveland and Toledo
and again the Ohio River IL the State Of Indiana with
Lake Erie through the valley OF the Wabash Lake sg-
pcrior, hitherto secluded from even internal commerce. is
now being connected with the other great lakes by the
canal of the Falls of St. Mary and to complete the whole
the Illinois Canal unes the lakes and all the extensive
systtm have described with the Mississippi. Thus, by
substituting works purely artificial, we have not only dis
pensed with the navigation of the 81. Lawrence, but
have also opened complete circuit of inland navigation
and traffic between New Orleans the Gulf and New.
York. Philadelphia and Baltimore on the Atlantic The
aggregate length of these canals is five thousand miles
ard that Of the inland coasts thus washed by natural and
artificial channels exceeds twenty thousand miles.
Railroads constitute an auxiliary system of improve
ments at once complex and more comprehensive
BY railroads have connected are in the act of
necng together all the principal seapor the Atlantic
coast and the coasts Of the Gulf of Mexico, namey;
Portland Boston, NewYork, Philadelphia, Baltimore
Norfolk, Charleston, Mobile, and New-Oreans. Again
railroads from each most of these ports proceeded in
land through important towns, to great depOts the
ST. Lawrence, the Lakes, the Ohio, and the Mississippi
namely: Quebec, Montreal, Ogdensburgh, Oswego
Rochester, Buffalo, Erie, Cleveland Sandusky Toledo
Monroe, Detroit Chicago, Pittsburgh, Cincinnati, Lou,-
vile, ST. Louis, Cairo, and Memphis. Again-there
tributaries which search out agricultural and mineral pro-
ducons and fabrics accumulated at less notable points
and complete system is perfected, which leaves
inhabited religion, unexpored, while it has for its base the
long line of aboard The aggregate length of these rail
rO0d sixteen thousand miles, and the total cost is six
hundred millions OF dollars.
Immediately after the purchase Of Louisiana, President
Jefferson having conceived the idea Of national establish
ment the Pacific coast exploration of the nterven
ing wastes made. An American navigator about the
time visited the coast ITSELF and thus laid the foun-
datiOn of a title by discovery commercial settlement
afterwards planted the Columbia by the late John
Jacob Aston persisted in the of 1872 Ten years ago
the great thought of Pacific colonization revived under
the uence of the commercial activity resulting from the
successful progress Of the system of Internal imprOv
Oregon was settled Two Years afterwards, its boundaries
IL
constitutes two prosperous Territories
The social military and ecclesiastical institutions of
Mexico proved unfavorablc TO immediate ef
TIE Republican system Revolution became chronic
dseasc there Texas separated, and practically became
independent although Mexico refused to recognize her
separating. After years, Texas was admitted as
State into our Federal Union. war which ensued, re-
suited not only in the accomplishment of Mexican claims
upon Texas but in the extension of her frontier TO
the Rio Grande and also in the annexation OF New Mexico
and Upper California TO the United States.
Thus, in sixty five years after the peace of Versailles
Tie United States advanced from the Mississippi and occu
pied line stretching through eighteen degrees of latitude
on the Pacific coast overlooking the Sandwich Islands
and Japan, and confronting China the Cahay for which
Columbus was in search when he encountered the be-
wildering vision of San Domingo The possession
divided into two Territories and the State of Calfor
mia. The simultaneous discovery of native gold in the
sands end rocks OF that State resulted in the
establishment Of all active commerce, not only with
our Atlantic cities, but also with the ports of South
America and with the maritime countries of Europe
with the Sandwich Islands, and with Chi
ma. Thus the United States ceased to be mere
Atlantic Nation, and assumed the attitude OF great Con-
tnenal Power enjoying nav CATION either side
and bearing equal and similar relations 10 the eastern and
10 the western coast of the old world. The national con-
nCcons between the Atlantic and Pacific regions yet
but the spirit which has brought them
into political union is work STILL and what the
Government may do may leave undOne the necessary
of commerce. altogether within and across our own
& ain, will be established.
The number Of States has increased since this aggran
dzement began from seventeen to thyoae the popula
ton from five millions TO twenty -four millions the tunnage
employ ed in commerce from one million 20 fourandaha
millions: and the national revenue from ten millions to
sixty millions Of dollars. Within that period Spain has
retired altogether from the Continent and two consider
able islands the Antilles all that remain the New
World which hardly fsur centuries ago. the generous aad
GnOese navigator, under the patronage OF Isabella
6 ave the kingdoms of CASTLE and Leon Great Britain
tenders the freedom of the fisheries OF the ST. Law
renee conditions of favor TO the Of her colo
MES and even celebrates the policy of releasing them
from their allegiance. The influences of the United States
Il. Nod 10