Richmond enquirer. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1815-1867, 1853-10-28


THE WORKS or CALHOUN
M,ssrs D. Appleton IL Co have published The iliri So
me OF John T. Calhoun's works, The whole OF when =
occupied with speeches IN The senate 81 tue
80. from 1897 10 1871 inclusive. great deal OF indr'
OF The most direct bearing upon topics OF present
Icrrs may be gathered BY The dscnt student OF hese
nmes which constute indeed, repository Of PohhcaI
idn Casually opening the one before us al mo speecn
Uttered on the Cumberland Road bill in I'VE were srnes
h The almost literal ument OF The statesman propn'
w. in respect 10 that Great National Road, as was men
SJ and generally considered ale felt that he hazldel
Thing in asserting, that this very road wl In len years
m snpeseded by railroad, and will prove Worthless, or
a. nr more Than a neghborhnod road being used 10 dri.c
an and not rood for thai" The result in This case IL
the general accuracy Of his foresight and II mas oc-
nrd within period very lille longer Than mat when ns
,rr,d for il. From Cumberland line OF railway VIII
I'm b, lniIt the Mississippi river following the route
for the National Road; and il is already completed
n,eration with the exception OF short distance
rn The Ohio river and Hancsv!le, nearly Ia The western
lry of Indiana and fur beyond the pon TO winch me
m,,nn, Road finished And thai road has become, rs
NJ alnuun said IL would, mere nrishbolh"od ond OF no
.na Importance, whether for military Or other uses.
Mv.r,bess II had served its purpose, certainly very
ruI enc in its time; for was or quarter oi century
d. rrnoe OF the Alleghancs the great highway ni asei
m i,,aE br, wecn The Atlantic and the Mississippi
V,ry We remember To have scen II Covered al shof NJ
erypIs in lis whole with huge wagons or mrrcian-
dis. higher than The cahnB thai here and there sElroo a
,oir drawn by long lines OF heavy draft horses IN har.
hess pyly decorated with bright scarlet trimmings and
urpe bells perpetualy vibrating whose music
awoEe r echoes OF the surrounding solitude Nor less n"
,nus and picturesque in those days, were the molly We
hces Of the enterprising and adventurous VINO
carried with them all ihrlr earthly easurs~we rhldfeh
and household goods search oil new nome on me Gen
ems OF soil u the Great Wrstthe property ol mo nain
tr always tee TO the Occupation of tho first conner ill he
hid derived rom IFS cultivation means 10 secure an ample
uDrtion Of il iur an Inheritance Tor his poGtcritY
Mr. Cahon did mol oppose HE construction Oh he IVA
onal Road aware; st The certainty 81 iis pene
setr bya rail road rendered the further prosecution Of
il no public utility. The speech however, fion, which we
have quoted indicates other grounds n Opposition 10 lhr
IRE; n,nus which, il sets forth prominently lie hht
prss OF government wn,ka al ms kin rs proved
b. the expenditure iaVisifd on nus very ROAD
which was ascrled 10 have cost up I" l9lU SIS oVo per
mule when in cl II should have aeen made lar lhIi ol
tie sum and also by The partial ana lhe4ha man IN
which dsbu like purposes had been made by the
Government, thr benefits being confined chiefly TO lew
faTned States. II is obvious that these combined WIN
ocr sdeanns of perhaps still more mporlahcr hah
Inuced chang OF sentiment in Mr.. Gahonns mind IN re-
gard 10 the puwe and expeiency OF constructing hie:na
improvements BY the General Government ooih 81 when
he had manlund in the earlier period oil MS pocai Ca
re Before garter of a centurys experience had deve
Cpd the evils witch hc now 80 srventy deprecated f
Calhoun himself lad argued srenuousy Tor hroan system
Of internal imprenents be prosecuted win Tie money
Of the Guyernmnt. In speech Delivered IN the united
Snlss House of representatives in loI, Oh oil 10 sci
ase the H. s. b nix dividends and bonus US permanent
fund for tia ctun Of Roads nnd Canals MIR Cnihouh
its passage with energy and ability ana cue
orIed in caryingit through a body although strenuous
opposed by liking and Others ny sne u CO :" 81
edrow his arguments from the favorable cinhh7 inl'rs :"
The country, WI from The Importance to u "i good
sTfleu o roads ati canals
means and wha, ri the most importance, ana AZ "h'cn
rllce hs most lyorabc the county, patty and see
loal feelings merged in liberal and enlightened irs''
he general OF The country: are NE iiV"
ale circunsI nces under which now celebrating
thus situated direct our resources ana az
cation important than Internal Improvements
Isl odd 10 III wealth. the stienglh ahn nc Po'"
yi,sperily ui our coiurY} i'c, y n'' oc
.id thai nlrnqi improvements may or Wholly '' 10 We
rusrprisr of SaIea,uI q individuals En"w ;a' "",
y Justly be eSpeuc! to Ec dona By hem but IN rorn
~ 81 new aud * ,sivc AZ nGr, tber ~ 4c, enlE- lor
H. anc General and S,aio Governments anu nu';duS ID
Shch Ia ereTi tilGii resources Bal many " 'e !ps
1rnls heo scale Tor Tue Resources
m The Individuals and iany 81 snch ha'ufc o.
hs rival jealousy nf the States if e alone gould prevent
They require resources and general superintendent VI
he Government fleet and complete them.
He c0nieni.d for il ground OF a tendency 10 pro
note The strens! AID political PROSPERITY u "nh,nJ me
md the mon of The STATES ne Gmhpn.sn ..e
institutional ohac ions. II had oe'b n'@rn ua ing 80
nlid only apply ne public money IN execution 81 .t
pwcrs enumerated II the Constitution 81 M un' o,ht"'
w. did no, regard tl instrument thesis for me nao.
ruily Ct ,r "rciir und constituting u WIN pam 9"'u
-nse what caG;L - more express man ne -"
MA yery poiul fia die. proceeded 10 show "tat NJ con
er.d 10 h. lIc u,Lin FOOD Sins, construction Of The
ruse empowering Cong rcss"To ay and o:lert taxes
dIies impol= and eaises ~ pay me ie7 hna rl"'e m
L. common defence aud general wcila'e q! Tie une.
sales" ard defined 10 be- delegation hi power 10 10y
les for HE srec;ed b,rcts o paying Inc DEBTS hnh pr"
wing fn The defence ind promoting me sesn, Iean
ne United States B admitting ll6 :Iarfd anu strained
ai,slruclio" which upposrs the intermediate w5ls IN
niy i ishrs and prodr the common defence ana gen
| cr welfare ln taken Ae independent anu Hi''"'
powers and arc qIlifd bS .aIo distinct ennmra'I, %
posefs ia The subs gent part 81 si5 At'a?.i'on "r a.
gu thai aoveumeat internal Improvements sysr'' vas
oui1sed ~ the pOwe establish posl'roans me ""lu
40 bis,n ,ulnrci,cppd In his opinion, something more
than The power Of Ieiapaiig only he l1st-Ioaas nc
wen, further and ene that Congress was a"nlncu u, ic
anoi,a lion Of moneys The enumerated powers qua pu
dursi the "habua AID uniform pacife OF .e n
meal snd "hb Uniform OF Gohe'ens anu aai . m
nv support Of ibis oaiInn Thr exen 10 M inntov
Calhoun proposed The poseraoa o ms Internal l,pI"rs
ncn syGlrm with Government esoDfre' 20 laiEreu " "
following outline Of his ,ews presented on hla orra9n
"ne first great oeeciia 10 petrr, ,"e c,u cnnsirreS
ms i principal artery The whole sFslehl Inc heSt 10
The connection Of HE LIKES with Tho lfnfson fl'fr. J."
political commercial all military point 81 view tS Wv
rrls be imporht The ncs queer o rii;t, ~,
norIapre is connect al the great commercial po'nH W"
The Aparl.r philmlrIpha Baltimore washington Ken.
mouI Charleston az; SAVANNAH, The western otaes,
md finally 10 perfect hr .arolrse between tho West nnh
New Orleans. These 10 ~ ne gea, o.lcr,s.
There are Others doubt p great Importance G.'n "o"
receive The aid of guyetnr-nt."
Mr. Caliiann lhns raiy, and un!"lhV III ~, =, -,
= rerr vas Gmnrniiy n,'inna in his views ana ms
policy directed Ia nEuir what IT, ''''.',,""
hr the bs, Interests III The whole G0nEfy i!e rnn'i''"
which NJ that early prru'-hn speech from "Gir'i 'i'c
extracts taken deiverri IN lsli were
by him ~ grclenl momni have :incr hrth e''' '
or unur:takrn and hrnrv the order "hi,h ""
>, h,.ei anon Irr rrlliy impgfrnntE rue thcy awe
ll.ir EXISTENCE /" State or Individual chtrptis., "ha
,hsr are most rrmnnraiin which air W" "HSp''"G
,us,yrIr vi the latter GGsrnmenis In genera I'D 'c s
,iuI ind mr,t in the selection Of channels oil comh''
ton which they have sought establish or IMPROVE "
l.s. rrurrlny and wisdom The mode ol Ili'lr c"7i"''"'
The, cunt The stimulus Of individual interest 10 PI""''
thrm 10 uve-: money whcie and whrIe nny, u wiz
the largest return, IN mnpr IcIlties OF intercourse w.
only the demand iur iraIc iS Ougrown le tA1lihs
of conducting H. and 10 delri them Gin under WI,
which .aiI pay only because they ne not require" ny Wv
public nGe. the most striking illustration "i Tue snn'ias'
in practical utility Ehiween government ana W.
icrlakinsso This d. Scrpon presents iIsfE III ' e'os
hy The British GeCnre shorter oue
10 China the East Indies The oec o discovering pas
SAGE North OF the continent nl America was pursue" ny ~
government for neai!y three cnturcs win an energy anu
perseverance that made itIe account al HE or Hcasult anu
now thai is achIcvcd practical value; w''e 'h
PROJECT cnnal across ti ishmuGo i'aen I" ny "" "
tho routes pronounced practicable through trnifhi amer
which might have been realized 1.-THE OF ''s siI. "
life Treasure and lime has been left 10 individual art,n ~"
enlciiss In The quarter u century preceding io1o %
own government had extended Sl6Gu0 0uu iot ihr'na'
venents, and ia aggregate income from 'al h'nHo
ouIlay only Sli3tSO, and derived from sns'e
work The Louisville and Portland Canal, TINS was one ~
The arguments adduced 10y r Calhoun in loio, IN 'hf 81
uae the United Siaies in uppo-o 10 the hh' 10, '.'e
continuation Of the Cum5ei nj Road in the stale: oi ''
Indiana and Illinois Proved no said that nus govern
menl utterly unit 10 carry on works ni HE AND ON
in The yrars m had interviewed since he adf
Gated great government scheme OF internal Improvements