The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1853-11-21

and all right feeling men on their side. All Turkey
seems animated with one spirit Of hate and 10
sistaDce to Russia and in looking to history it
viii be almost found axiom, that though regular
army nay ovtrun country and hold the ground
upon which they epcamped, that nation true to
itself is iu the end successful But, indie Dendentlyo OF
this invnc bic national feeling, Turkey during the
last twenty years has been making rapid progress ia
her commerce and in her civil and military institn
tons. Her army has been Instructed. and Is partly
commanded by brave and scientific officers OF all
tons, consequently, If fight takes place between
the regular armies, nearly equal in numbers, the
Turks should be at lie equal to the Russians But
the of this war will depend prncipallDupon
the irregular troops. The Cossacks, owing to the
popularity of the during the three years prior to
the fsll of Napoleon, attained higher character in
European warfare than they deserved. Their supe
riority in friendly country as outposts and pro
tecten to an army in quarters is undeniabe; b IT
soldiers in action, they are OF comparative little
value. But if q population OF country IL against
them, they would be massacred in detail. When
they left Russia in 1872, the population of Germany
received them with open arms, aud thus they
were to be found scattered everywhere in tens and
twentes, the people giving them true information
and receiving them as friends. True, on entering
France they obliged to be little more cautious
and to hold themselves in greater mum ,ers although
at that time OSLO the population Of France, excu-
sve of those with the army consisted entirely OF old
men women and children But If the Cossacks enter
they will be under the necessity OF acting as regu
lar force, thus becoming an actual incumbrance The
Russian troops have already shown that the irregu
lar forces Of Turkey are most formidable, as, after
twenty years of actual warfare against this species of
force, the Russians have made little progress ~;
and they invade Turkey, these irregulars will nfict
the punishment on them that their Coss scks in
fl cted on the French in 1872, 1878 and 1914. The
noble Circassians, who have been fighting against
Russia, independent of Turkey have been within this
81 art time taken into the Turkish army; and be
interesting to give description, by Prussian officer,
of the Circassian cayalrg, who are about to take
prominent part in the coming conflict He says
The Circassan a pointed steel helmet, with .
long horseta pendant from it. A net of steel work
hangs down from the lower part of the helmet protects
the front and nape Of the neck and looped together
under the chin underneath short red vest cut in the
sstrg of small brgh. rings OF steel interviewed His
from the wrist to the elbew and his legs from the
foot of the shin bone to the knee guarded by thin
plates of STEEL be also close pantaoons laced
boots. Two long Turkish pstels well poignard,
stuck into his girdle. He has leather strap with
noose like Mexican lasso, hanging at his SIDE which he
throws with great dexterty the head of his enemy
Turkish sabre and los Turkish musket are slung
breast The skill with which the Circassians their
weapons is really beyond belief have them
Pean dy fire at piece Of card lying on the ground at
full speed, without missing. They will pick up
piece of money from tt ground while executing charge
by bending themselves round below the horses bsllv
back into The saddle They form the choicest body Of
cavalry in the Turkish service and have watched them
wnen ATTACK Their opponents with sabre
each hand, managing their reins with their mouth;
they will spring out Of their saddles take aim and fire
from behind their horses then jump int, their saddles
again wheel round and reload their gun they retr at
in full career They perfect ,dmen in the attack
and few troops could withstand the utter recklsssness of
danger they evince.
Prussian officer may appear incredible to our Life
Guards, Blues and heavies; but do not forget that
while in 1851 and 1852 first brought before the
public the power Of what is now called " the Mimic
1o,ir Of clA Qns o<ta
right and left, and now there are nearly, in 1862
upwards Of 10000 Of this improved musket in the
British army The greater proportion Of the irregu
lar and regular cavalry OF the Turks are Asiatcs
Hear what the most intelligent and experienced off,
GER Captain Nolan of the 18th British Hussars says
in his admirable book on cavalry tactics. Speaking
Of the British cavalry, he says
By taking lesson from the Asatics England might
and instruct her dragons make gu ual to
any OF the people of the East in single combat
Of the Russian cavalry, Captain Nolan says:-
Heavy Russian cursssiers when opposed to the Turks
were Obliged n orm in close ollmns, in squares re-
sharp scnitars the Mosen These Turks had no dis
cphne no ances bad nothing but their good swords
and steeds to trust to,
All accounts lately received are unanimous on the
sups II r equipment aud efficiency OF the Turkish
artillery, and the opinion of Sir Charles O'Donnel
OF The Turkish army, now in the field is worthy Of
every attention. Sir Charles has seen much service,
and he has lately been visiting the greater part of
The Turks physically fine race of men, capable h
y eaduring fatigue sober patien intelligent and alto
q her well conducted All is completely European and
he spectator may here fancy himself amongst the Pru
ian French soldiers in their ;ampmenis They are
minated BY audsbe ervor for their reI ion and thsir
county, aud Of the consequences t. them of thu
,onrg crisis Their fatalsm has exalted their courage
md they lay they will nquer die with heir 10
heir hands The Turks have adopted for their cavalry
md niantry the French system, and for their ,ery
he Prussan system Of orgs nzaton and msneuvrs Tee
whole army is well armed equipped, AID organzsd and,
1por the whole in good orde Instructed by Europeans
he various branches Of the military art the Turks
totally given mp their former system of warfare
and have made rapid strides towards efficiency in Euro
pesn tsctics The artillery is the arm in which they
most excel: IL Is numerous well managed, And under
stood The equipment of the mountain guns carried
mules is well arranged
In 1915 the Duke Of Wellington reviewed the Rus
sian army Of 100 600 mea. He expressed admiration /
Of them IS body, but struck with the slowness
Of their movements and said to the Marquis of Lon
Charles, my little army could move round
single change" The navy Of Russia is powerful in I
men and guns, but, having only one or t NO months
in msn9uvring during the whole year, Admiral 1
Napier need not have much fear of that much \
dreaded twentyseven ships of the line in the Baltic
Of which he speaks 60 much as one night say to
him. {" Charley with five ships you would sail round
and through them whenever you choose. " But the +
manned and, for the sake Of Turkey, is behoves us
not to talk and diplomatise, and nothing more but
to follow the hint given by Lord Palmerston in his
letter of 18th October to the Edinburgh Presbytery-
" Don't talk, but keep your powder dry, gentlemen"
CHARLES SHAW.
THE TURKISH MILITARY CHIEFS
OMER PAsHA,
The commander Of the European division OF the