Polynesian., 1853-03-05

3.
line operating with this instrument was COM
pleted in August. 1850, by the Boston and
New York Telegraph Company, between
those cities. 1t has been patented in Eng
land by Jacob Brett.
! The difference between Morss's and
Houses telegraph is principally that the
I first traces at the distant end what is traced
at the other; while Houses does not trace
at either end, but makes a signal Of letter
at the distant end which has been made at
the other, and thus by new machinery and a
new power of air and axial magnetism, is
enabled to print the signal letter at the last
end; aud this at the astonishing rate OF sixty
or seventy strokes or breaks in second,
and at once records the information by its
own machinery, in Roman letters. Morse S
is less complicated, and easier intelligible.
while Houses is very difficult to be compre-
hended in It's operations in detail. and works
with the addition OF two more powers, one
air, and the other called axial magnetism
One is a tracing or writing telegraph, the
other a signal and printing telegraph
The following are the ' House" lines in
operation: The Boston and New York Tele-
graph Company, two wires, length 600
! miles.
A line being constructed to connect with
the Boston line, running from Springfield,
Mass, TO Albany, n. Y, there to interscct
the New York and Buffalo line, using the
same instruments, extending from New York
to Buffalo, distance of $40 miles.
Oae wire now in operation, connecting
with Poughkeepsie, Troy, Albany, Utica,
Syracuse, Lyons, Rochester, Albion, Lock-
port and Buffalo; and another wire nearly
completed same distance. The same line to
continue TO ST. Louis, Mo-, connecting with
Cleveland, Cincinnati and Louisville, will
soon be completed, forming the longest line
in the world under the direction of one Com
pany-,he whole length being 500 miles.
The New Jersey Magnetic Telegraph Co.
using Houses Instruments, extends from
Philadelphia to New York, two wires, 1872
miles each. A line also extends south to
Baltimore and Washington The whole
length of House line in the United States is
about 2, 400 miles.
Tho entire total of all telegraphic wires in
United States is %, 275 miles.
The telegraphs in Eng LAND are the next in
Importance and extent to those in this coun-
rry. They were first established in Isis
and there are about 4 900 miles of wire in
| operation.
The charge for Transmission of dispatches
is much higher than in America, one penny
per word being charged for the first fifty
miles, ard one tarthing per mile for any dis
,ance beyond one hundred miles. A mes
sage Of twenty words can be sent distance
of 500 miles in the United States for one
dollar, while in Enelsnd the same would
cost seven dollars.
| In June, 1852, the submarine telegraph
between Dover and Osend was completed,
and on the lSt of Nov. the first electric cSnl-
| muncatIon was established direct between
! Great Britain and the continent Of Europe.
! By a line of wires between London anL
! Dover, via Rochester and Canterbury, in
connection with the submarine cable across
The Straits of Dover, instantaneous commu
nicaiion is obtained between London, Paris,
Sweden, Trieste, CracOw, Odessa, and Leg
horn. The wires are also being carried
onward to ST. Petersburg; also TO India and
the interior of Africa.
A project has been formed for constructing
a submarine telegraph between Great Brit
tain and the United States. 1t is proposed
to commence at the most northern point OF
Scotland, run thence to the Orkney Islands,
and thence by short water lines TO the Shet-
land and Farce. Thence, water line of
300 to 800 miles conducts the telegraph 10
Iceland; from the western coast cf Iceland,
another submarine line conveys IT to kloge
Bay, on the eastern coast of Greenland; IT
then crosses Greenland to Juliana's Hope,
on the western coast of that Continent, in
latitude 60 d. and is conducted thence by
a water line of about 50 miles across Dayiss
Straits to Byron's Bay, on the coast of Lab
rador From this point the line is TO be ex
tended to Quebec.
The entire length of the line is approx-
maely estimated at $500 miles, and the
submarine portions of it at from 400 to-
! 600 miles The peculiar advantage of the
line being divided into several submarine
portions is that if a fracture should at any
time occur, the defective part could be very
readily discovered and repaired promptly al
comparatively trIflng expense. From the
Shetland islands it is proposed TO carry a.
branch to Bergen, in Norway, connecting II
there with line to Christiana, Stockho III,
Gottenburg and Copenhagen; from Stock
holm a line may easily cross the Gull of
Buthnia to ST. Petersburg. The whole ex-
pense of this great international work Is es-
tmated considerably below $500, 900.
Another enterprise has been actually start
ed, with every prospect of consummatIon i
A PORTO of the line is being prosecuted with
vieor. and the company propose transmitting
intelligence between the Old and new World
in four or five DAYS A charter has been
granted by the British Colonial Govern
ment TO the 4" Newfoundland Electric Com
pany," with capital of fI00, 000, TO con-
struct line of telegraph from Halifax, n
s., to Cape Race, touching at ST Johns, and