davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Martinsburg gazette. [volume] (Martinsburg, Va. [W. Va.]) 1833-1855, 1853-03-09
VOL. 81. /.



The space in which the systems composing
tue universe move is illimitabic. Were We
to attempt to assign its limits, what could've
imagine to be beyond The number OF
worlds is infinitely great, it is inexpressible.
indeed, BY numbers. Array oflignt sraverses
$50 miles in second time. A year COM
prises millions Of seconds, yet there are Fixed
stars 30 immeasurably distant, that their
light would require millions Of years to reach
our eyes. We are acquainted WITH animals
possessing teeth, aud organs Of motion and
digestion, which are wholly invisible to the
naked eye. Other animals exist, which, II
measurable. would be found many thousands
of times smaller, which. nevertheless, possess
the same apparatus. These creatures, 10 the
same manner as the larger animals. take
nourishment, aud are propagatcd by means Of
eva. which must consequently, be aga'n many
hnndreds Of times smaller than their own
bodies. II Is only because our organs Of Wis
ion are imperfect that we do rot perceive
creatures million times smaller than these
What variety and what infinite gradations
do the constituents Of our globe present to
us, in their properties aud condit ions -
There are bodies which are twcnto times
heavier than az equal volume Of water.
there are Others which are ten thousand
times lighter. the ultimate PARTICLES Of which
cannot be known by the most powerful mi
croscopes. Finally. we have starlight--that
wonderful messenger that brings us daily in-
telIicence Of the continued existence Of num-
berless worlds, the expression Of on imma
terial essence which no longer obeys the laws
Of gravitation, and yet manifests itselfto our
senses by innumerable effects. Even the
light Of the sun-with the arrival OF which
upon the earth inanimate nature receives lite
and motion-we cleaye asunder into rays
which, without any power Of illumination.
produce the most important alterations and
decompositions 10 organic nature. We sep
arate from light certain rays which exhibit
among themselves diversity a. great as cx-
lists among colors But nowhere do We OBJ
serve either beginning or an end Leibig 8
Letters on Chemistry.
Martinsburg gazette. [volume] (Martinsburg, Va. [W. Va.]) 1833-1855, 1853-03-09
BUSINESS DIRECTORY.
EXCHANGE BANK
SELDEN, WITHERS & co.,
WASHINGTON, d. c


YINHE undersigned respectfully announce that
Il they have formed a co-partnersh;p to transact
"a general Banking and Exchange business in this
City under the firm of SELDEN WRITER'S Il CO..
and are prepared to deal in
Foreign ana Domestic Exchanges, Tims-BiHs, Pro-
nisor5 Notes, Certificates Of Deposite, Letters Of
Credit, Bank Notes asd Coin
We undertake to make collections and promptly
to remit the proceeds to any designatedpontw with
in or without the Union. -
Mr. VIM. Seldom member the firm, and for
many years past the Treasurer Of the United States,
win give his careful personal attention to all inan-
|cial business which we may be employed to trans
hct with any the Departments ofthe Government
The business which our employers may require
pis to transact, will be conducted with fidelity and
Promptitude, and upon the most reasonable terms
WILLIAM SELDEN
Late Trsasarer Of tae U. s.
JOHN WITHEES,
OF Aiezdndrid, Va.
RW LATHAB
Of Washington, D. c.
L. p BAYNE
Of Baltimore, Md.
n yyaahsnnto, nao 1GPt
Martinsburg gazette. [volume] (Martinsburg, Va. [W. Va.]) 1833-1855, 1853-03-09
HONOR TO THE AGED.

a gentleman was once passing through
village. and appened to see poor feeble
old woman let her stick fall aud stand mo
ment in perplexity, not knowing whether she
dared stoop to pick it up, or attempt to reach
her home without it. Just by the spot where
the accident happened, group Of boys were
playing at marbles; some Of them took no
notice. others rudely Knocked the poor old wo
mans distress, but one kindhesrted lad threw
down lis marbles, ran to her assistance, and
helped her into her house. She thanked him,
and said. "God Alnighty's blessing be upon
you, Cor your kindness to poor'old woman !!
The gentleman saw and heard the whole, and
made inquiry after the lad, in whom be was
deeply interested He found that he was
already in the Sunday School, and IN al!
probability had there learnt the Scriptures
that inculcate reverence TO the aged. From
that time be had bin instructed in writing
aud accounts at an evening school--when old
enough, assisted in apprenticing him. and ir
course Of time had the satisfaction Of seeing
him respectable and Furnishing tradesman,
nEFPraise is SO pleasing to The MUD. THAI y
- the ORIGINAL motive of almost all our actions.
Martinsburg gazette. [volume] (Martinsburg, Va. [W. Va.]) 1833-1855, 1853-03-09
MERCHANDISE.
LIMIT OFF AND PRICES LOWER.


ME subscriber would respectfully an
= nounee to the citizens Of Martinsburg and
lclniy, that ne is now getting his Fall and
Winter stock OF
New and Fashionable Clothing.
Aware of the pressure he is now prepared and
viii sell Clothing lower than was ever offered
IN the Valley Of Virginia. Come and examine
my stock before you buy, and save something
Beng connected with large Clothing Empo-
rum in one Of our Eastern Cities, he shall
consequently have all the latest patterns and
styles, His stock at present consists in part
Of Cloths, Cassimeres and Tweeds, Goats Of
business, frock and dress patterns Cloth Gas
imere. Saiineu and other Pents, Of new fash
enable goods, Satin, Silk, Cashmere, Mar
settles, Cloth and all kinds of Vests and of ev-
ely price. Stocks, Scarfs, Crayats, Pocket
Handkerchefs, Shirts. Collars, Drawers, un-
der Shirts, and in fact every thing 10 be found
in a gentleman's Fashionable Clothing Store.
A fresh supply of fashionable Hats, Caps,
fancy Boots, Carpet Bags, Trunks. &c., &c.
A small stock Of elegant Cloaks, lined and
faced Overcoats, Bangups, Sacks, &c., SC.
Come give him call and he'll warrant you
are pleased with his stock and prices. This
is your place as he is determined to sell lower
than any one else, N. Fl. STINE.
September % 100
Martinsburg gazette. [volume] (Martinsburg, Va. [W. Va.]) 1833-1855, 1853-03-09

1t is the privilege of the Christian to be-
lieve and feel that whatever befals him comes
from G 3D. and will be made 10 work together
for his good. With this persuasion written
on his memory and treasured in his heart; be
is enabled to taste with equal readiness of
mind. and UNMARRIED thankfulness Of spirit.
the bitter waters of Marab and the sweet
fruit Of Eschol, knowing that they will each
refresh and inyigorate his soul, and give him
strength for his journey through this great
and terrible wilderness.
Martinsburg gazette. [volume] (Martinsburg, Va. [W. Va.]) 1833-1855, 1853-03-09

"a good story is told of an old gentle
man, who, although occasionally addicted to
the habit of swearing, was punctillious in re-
gard to saying grace at his table, and this
duty he never omitted on any casion
The story runs that on certain occasion
the old gentleman invited a sea captain, a
jolly old weather beaten tar of his acquaint-
ance, to dine with him. They sat down to
dinner, and the old gentleman, according to
custom, commenced saying grace but the
captain, whose attention had been diverted
for the moment, hearing the old gentleman
speak, thought he was addressing him, and
turned to him with
ssWhat did you say, squire %
"Why, d-n it, man, I'm saying grace -
Martinsburg gazette. [volume] (Martinsburg, Va. [W. Va.]) 1833-1855, 1853-03-09
FoLLIEs or GREAT mES.

The Sublime History Of Fools is book
which ought to be written. and which, we
doubt not, would sell greatly. All great men
have had their follies. and the field open for
cleaning is almost boundless For instance,
we have such facts as the following recorded
in biographies and histories: Tycho Brabe
the astronomer. changed color and his legs
shook under him, on meeting with bare or
a fox DIR johnson wonld never enter
room with bis left foot foremost; if by mis-
take it did get in first he would step back
and place his right foot foremost Julius
Caesar was almost convulsed by the sound Of
thunder, and always wanted to get in a eel
lar, or under ground to escape the dreadful
noise. TO Queen Elizabeth the simple word
.death" was full Of horrors Even Talley-
rand trembled and changed color, on bearing
the word pronounced SAKE. who met aud
overthrew opposing armies, fed and screamed
in terror at the sight Of eat Peter the
Great could never be persuaded to cross
bridge; and though be tried to master the
terror, he failed to do so. Whenever he set
foot on ore, he would Shrek out ia distress
and agony. Byron would never help any
one to salt at the table, nor would he be he'll
ped himself. IF any of the article happened
to be spilled on the table be would jump up
and leave his meal unfinished The story of
the Great Frenchman, Malebrancb. is well
known and is well authenticated He fan
cied he carried an enormous leg Of mutton at
the tip Of his nose. No one could convince
him to the contrary. One day gentleman
visiting him adopted this plan to cure him of
bis folly He approached him with the IN
tentiou of embracing him. when he suddenly
exclaimcd. "IIa! your leg of mutton has
struck me in theface p at which Malebranche
expressed regret. The friend went on, MAY
not remove the incumbrance with razor p
"Ah. my friend my FREUD owe you more
than life. Yes, yes. by all means cut it of p
In twinkliug the friend lightly cut the tip
Of the philosophers nose. and adroitly taking
from under bis cloak a superb leg of mutton.
raised it in triumph ':Ah." cried Male
branche, IL live breathe. | am saved
My nose is free; my bead is free; but but
lit was raw, and that is cooked" Truly;
but then you have been seated near the FIRE
that must be the reason" Malebranche
was satisfied. and from that time forward be
made no more complaints about any mutton
leg Or any other monstreus protuberauce on
his nose Western Christian 44drocate.
Martinsburg gazette. [volume] (Martinsburg, Va. [W. Va.]) 1833-1855, 1853-03-09

HIRAM BOWEN.

HAS just returned from the Eastern mar
IL kets with new and elegant assortment
Of Goods, suitable tor gentemen's wear-con-
sisting in part of Blue, Black, Olive, Green,
and Brown French and English Cloths.
Black French Cassimers.
Fancy Cassimers ofevery shade and quality.
Cashmeretts, Silk Warp.
Fine blk. Satin and Silk Vesting.
Fancy Silk Vesung Marsaills Vesting.
Fine Linen Drills aud Linens.-Togeihe
with all the necessary Trimmings of the very
best quality.
Shirts, Shirt collars and Drawers.
Gentlemen's Gloves, Cravats, and Pocket
Hapdkerchiets.
These goods have been selected with great
care. and will be made to order after the very
best style, or they will be sold 10 be made else
where.
Hickory Shirts suitable for servants.
Oct. 20, 1852.
Martinsburg gazette. [volume] (Martinsburg, Va. [W. Va.]) 1833-1855, 1853-03-09
PERxIcIous LIrERaTUnE.


The circulation Of pernicious publications
is immense in 1915, it was calculated from
London alone there was yearly circulation
of stamped and unstamped newspapers and
serials of decidedly rernicious character. to
the extent of s,S62, 600. During the last
five years, while cheap religious periodicals
have made limited progress, either in numbers
or interest, the corrupt printing press has
been increasingly at work. Tie present cir
culation in London Of immoral unstamped
publications, of half penny to three half
pence each, must be upwards of 100000
KY, which would give the enormous issue
of 3o,S00,000 yearly.
Martinsburg gazette. [volume] (Martinsburg, Va. [W. Va.]) 1833-1855, 1853-03-09
WINTER GOODS.

TIME subscribers have just received and OPEN
ed fresh supply of WINTER and FANCY
GOODS, consisting in part of Bonnet Ribbons
~ES> Straw and other Bonnets, Ladies' S-r
w Collars, Kid Gloves, Parasols, Berege7 ~
TX de Lame, all colors, Powered Cotton va
Muslin, fg'd Swiss, al! colors, plain do, Mol
Muslin, besides every article usually kept in a
Fancy store
GRENSFELDER & SCYL0SS.
December s, 1852.
Martinsburg gazette. [volume] (Martinsburg, Va. [W. Va.]) 1833-1855, 1853-03-09

I1oftifaI.

" The following Liues-s beautiful and touching tibu
Of affection a devoted Mother-were written BY YOU
Of this place, when far from ome and all he held dear
EARTH and expecting to be absent three wear
This believe to be the first effort ofthe Kind the
fui author made and think the reader will ayr
With us when that II does great credit both to
head and heart and gives evidence of taste and talent
no common order.
have wandered far from thee, Mother.
Far from our happy home;
I've left the land that gave me birth.
In other climes to roam.
And Time, since then has rolled his course
And marked it on my brow,
Yet still Eve often thought Of thee,
I'm thinking of thee now.
I'm thinking Of those days, mother,
When with such earnest pride,
You watched the dawning of my youth,
And pressed me to thy side
Then love had filled my youthful heart,
With hopes of future Joy,
And thy bright fancy honors wove,
10 deck thy darling boy.
Pm thinking Of the day, mother
left thy watchful care,
When thy fond heart was lifted up,
To Heaven--thy trust was there
And memory brings thy parting words,
While tears coursed DER thy cheek,
But thy last, loving, anxious look,
Told more than words could speak.
I'm far away from thee, Mother,
No friend is near me now
To soothe me with q tender word,
Or cool my aching brew.
But thou would'st never chide, Mother,
Nor ever give me pain,
But cheer me with thy softest tones,
And bid me hope again.
know thy tender heart, Mother,
Still beats as warm for me
AS when left thee long ago,
To cross the deep blue sea.
love thee just the same, Mother,
And long to hear thee speak,
And feel again Mothers breath,
Upon my depressed cheek.
But oh there is a thought, Mother,
Pervades my anxious breast,
That ere see thy form again
1t may be called to rest.
And as l wipe the tear away,
There whispers in mine ear
A voice that speaks of Heaven and thee
And bids me seek thee there.
Martinsburg gazette. [volume] (Martinsburg, Va. [W. Va.]) 1833-1855, 1853-03-09

lhere was nusn Ia shas prineely parior,
broken only by what seemed smotbered sob
from some manly bosom. The bride stood
yet upright, with quiveripg lip, and tears
stealing to the outward edge Of her lashes.--
Her beautiful arm had lost .ts tension, and the
glass. with its little troubled red waves came
slowly towards the range Of Der vision. She
spoke again every lip was mute. Her voice
was low, faint, yet awfully distinct; she still
Fixed her sorrowful glance upon the wine
cup.
sit is evening now; the great white moon
is coming up. and its beams lay gently on bis
forehead. He moves not; his eyes are set in
their sockets; dim are their piercing glanoes !;
10 vain his friend whispers the name Of father
and sisrer, death is there. Death-and no
soft bond, no gentle voice ID bless and soothe
him. His head sinks back ore convulsive
shudder he is deadr' -
A groan ran through the assembly. 50 vi
vid was her description. 50 unoarthly Der
look, so inspired her msancr -that-w what
she described, seemed actually to have taken
place then and there. They noticed also the
bridegroom hid his face with his hands and
was weeping.
"Dead!" she repeated again, her lips quiy-
ering faster, and Der voice more and more
broken; "and there they scoop him grave !:
and there, without . shroud, they lay him
down in that damp, reeking earth. The on
ly son Of proud father, the only, the idoli-
sed brother of fond sister. And he sleeps
to-day in that distant country, with no stone
to mark the spot. There be lies-my fa:h-
er's sonny own t,vin brother! victim to
this deadly poison. Father" she exclaimed,
turning suddenly, while the tears rained down
her beautiful cheeks, "fathcr, shall | drink it
now 2"
The form Of the old Judge was convulsed
with agony. lie raised not his head, but in
smothered voice he faltered--"No, no, my
Ouiui III OOu udue-uu.
She lifted the glittering goblet, and letting
it suddenly fall to the floor, it was dashed in
a thousand pieces. Many tearfuleye watch
ed her movement, and instantaneously every
wine glass was transferred to the marble Ia
BILE on which it had been prepared. Then as
she looked at the fragments Of crystal she
turned to the company. saying, "let no friend
hereafter, who loves me, tempt me to peril
my soul for wine. Not frmer arc the ever
lasting bills than my resplea. God helping -
never to touch or taste q a. terrible poaou.
And he to whom ! have given my hand -who
watched over my brothers dying form in that
last solemn hour, aud buried the dear wan
derer there by the river in that land Of gold.
will, trust, sustain me in that resolve-will
you not, my husband 2"
His glisteniug eyes, his sad, sweet smile,
was her answer. The Judge left the room,
and when an hour after be returned and with
a more subdued manner took part in the en-
tertainment of the bridal guests, no one could
tail to read that be, toe, had determined to
Danish the enemy at once, and forever from
his princely home.
Those who were present at that wedding,
can never forget the impressions SO solemnly
made many from that hour foreswore the
social glass lire Branch.
Martinsburg gazette. [volume] (Martinsburg, Va. [W. Va.]) 1833-1855, 1853-03-09

renewed his residence in Martins
burg, and fitted up Tutoring Shop, on
Jain Street over the Tobacco Store of 3. s. Lyeth,
he subscriber avais himself of this method to no.
(ry the public that he is prepared to accommodate
III who have clothes to cut or manufacture, of
Fhatever style or description.
He will be in the constant receipt of the city
lshions. Hegs fully prepared to please all tastes
i we'll in the style as to the manner and durabili-
h of his work. And he solicits the support of his
friends and acquaintances and of the public gen.
|rally. WILLIAM HOkE.
Inne 10 iS5i-,y
Martinsburg gazette. [volume] (Martinsburg, Va. [W. Va.]) 1833-1855, 1853-03-09
MONEY (!

yTyHOSE persons who have not settled their ac-
counts with us, will save money by doing so
Immediately 1t is important that our former ba-
sincss be closed up without delay and those in
debted may feel assured that they can pay their
accounts to us with less money than TO any other
person. ". O " D0D'
December s, 1852.
Martinsburg gazette. [volume] (Martinsburg, Va. [W. Va.]) 1833-1855, 1853-03-09
LADIES, DRESS GOODS.

HAVE large and beautiful assortment OF
DRESS GOODS, consisting of
Rich Brocade Silks;
Plaid and Plain Poult de Sois;
Plaid. Watered and Plain Black Silks;
Rich Fr'ch Cashmeres and Mousseaines;
do. do Thibit Cloth
French and English Merinos and Poplins;
Mousselalnes in high colours and plain.
Nov. H. JOHN w. BOf u.
Martinsburg gazette. [volume] (Martinsburg, Va. [W. Va.]) 1833-1855, 1853-03-09
FRESH SUPPLY.
WIN. DORSEY, Druggist.

las just received and opened fresh supply
i i Drugs, Medicines Dye Stuffs, Paints Oils
&c., superior lot of Jewelry of the finest quail
ty and style. Fancy Goods-a large assortment
The attention of the public is respectfully call
ed to our stock and shall be glad show goods
to all who may favor us with call. Wewill make
prices suit to all who may be in want of any arti-
Gle in our assortment Nov "a, 1852.
Martinsburg gazette. [volume] (Martinsburg, Va. [W. Va.]) 1833-1855, 1853-03-09
THE MARTINsBuRG GAZETTE.
orFicK ON KING sfaggr, org DOOR wssr or
ANpAgw EoUsa's cARInKI mAKEs aHoP.

CT THg GAzsrTEsp cry Wednesday aiornine
s2 paid in advanse 5Oif paid hin
six monthsfrom the time OF subscribing.
" No paper will be discontinued until al
paid, except at the option ofthe Editors.
will beinserteda g. err
fnes, under Dior the first and Is Cents
per sauarefor every subseq uent insertion.
Lin all cases. the number requr
noted on the MSS or the wlbe
published untliforbid, and charged accordingly.
ora liberal discount made those who to D.
vertise BY the six or twelve months
Gs-v. b. PALMER, the American Newspaper Agent, is
ne o,y authorised gen for this in the cities Of Bo
ton, New York. and Philsdepha and is duly empowered
70 take advertsements and subscriptions the
CURED ~ us His receipts will be regarded
us omces are--boSTON ,Scoay g building; NEW YORK
Tribune Building PHILADELPHIA, N. W. corner Third
and Chestnut streets.
Martinsburg gazette. [volume] (Martinsburg, Va. [W. Va.]) 1833-1855, 1853-03-09
DEBT OF THE STATE.


The Senate Committee of Finance have
made report on the debt of the State for
the two years, commencing the 30th Septcin-
Der, 1850, and ending the Both Of Septen-
Der 1852, and the probable receipts and dis
bursements of the Treasury during the fis-
cal year, which will end on the Both Sspten-
Der, 1858.
Liabilities, 9,9i9,5s5 %
According to this statement
the actual debt ofthe State
on the Both Sep. lS5lwas ST. ,OSo, 80
Funds and resources of the
State on 30th Sep, 1852 l5,li9,626 %
These consist of productive
funds amounting to 1,2o6,4lo IL
Funds unproductiye but more
or less available as5,eso 90
Stock in Improvement compa-.
mics pot completed e,sSe'oif -
Stocks in Improvement COM
panies completed and UNI
productive sso,5Si W
Martinsburg gazette. [volume] (Martinsburg, Va. [W. Va.]) 1833-1855, 1853-03-09

nssy- q really can't sing, believe me, SIR.
was the reply Of young lady to the repeat
ed request Of an empty fop.
Il am rather inclined to believe, madam.
rejoned be. with smirk. that you are fish
ing for compliments.
mo, sir" exclaimed the lady; Il never
fish in so small stream"
Martinsburg gazette. [volume] (Martinsburg, Va. [W. Va.]) 1833-1855, 1853-03-09
NEW GOODS,

X GORGE W. BURNS, is now opening his new
II supply of FALL AND WINTER GOODS,
selected with more than usual care, which ne VIII
dispose of upon terms to suit the times
October 27, 1882
Martinsburg gazette. [volume] (Martinsburg, Va. [W. Va.]) 1833-1855, 1853-03-09
A CARD.

F1IIlE Undersigned have formed partner
III ship in the legal profession. They will
Atend the County and Superior Courts of
Berkeley, Jefferson, Morgan, and Frederick
ID the Superior Courts ofoiher counties in
Il rh cases only in which they may be specially
v2(ained. CHAS. J.FAuLKNER,
cd FRANKLIN THOMAS.
81. AZ s{,,,tv ,vff x fgEfsJ ~
Martinsburg gazette. [volume] (Martinsburg, Va. [W. Va.]) 1833-1855, 1853-03-09
EMBROIDERIES.

CHIRTS, Chemzeus, Collars and Under.
y sleeves, Linen Cambria Handkerchief and
Cuffs, Edgings, Inse rings, &C., all just recei-
we'd and cow ready TO exhibit at low rates. A
good bargain in those goods can assure you.
Nov. "a. J. w. GRANTHAM.
Martinsburg gazette. [volume] (Martinsburg, Va. [W. Va.]) 1833-1855, 1853-03-09
JEWELRY, &C, &C
TUST received and on hand and which we of
j for Sale on the most reasonable terms
32J PIECES OF GOLD;

Breast Pins, Ear Rings, Finger Rings and Cuff
Pins; also Gold Collar Buttons, Gold Guard Slides,
Gold Guard Hooks single and double Gold Lock-
cts, Gold ever pointed Pencils, solid Silver Thin
and Pearl shirt Studs, Gold Pens and
Silver Cases; Silver tipped Pen holders, Silver
frame and other Spectac es Casesfor same; Cog
giles fine plated tea and table Spoons Butter Knives
-Papier Mache Folio; Leather Redieules Card
Cases; Port Monnies; Steal and Jet Bracelets;
Perfume Duifwood and Ivory Bracelets Steel
Beads and Tassles; Coat Loops Plated Mock
Combs Aecordcons, China Veses, China Cups and
saucers, China Card BASKETS superior Work Box
"a, with long list of other Fancy Goods, to which
the attention Of the public is invited as we are de,
terlnined 10 sell at small profits
Dee i, 1882. wM. DORSEY, Druggist.
Martinsburg gazette. [volume] (Martinsburg, Va. [W. Va.]) 1833-1855, 1853-03-09

Esy-It has been remarked that ladies
have generally great fear Of lightning. aud
this has been specifically ascribed 70 their
natural imidily; but the truth j. that tarI-
ses from their consciousness Of being attfar'
trae.lyc.
Martinsburg gazette. [volume] (Martinsburg, Va. [W. Va.]) 1833-1855, 1853-03-09

BY the former act the silver coins, "shall
be legal tenders Of payment, according to
their nominal value. for all sums whatever.
BY the new act the new silver coin shall BIO
legal tenders in payment of debts for all sums
rot exceeding five dollars.
Martinsburg gazette. [volume] (Martinsburg, Va. [W. Va.]) 1833-1855, 1853-03-09
DRESS TRIMMINGS.

NTEgvET Ribbons, Buttons, Braids, &C.,
a large lot ofthem and something nice. =
For sale cheap. J. w. GRANTHAM.
Novemher "a 1852