Weekly national intelligencer. [volume] (Washington [D.C.]) 1841-1869, 1853-06-11

Rad Sea 70 keen omen the ancient channel through Egypt
and established commercial empire IN lnda' ror'uea,
then became one Of the most powerful nations ny s M
land and Lisbon the centre Of European weain ana
meree FL. - tg
The passage by the Cape Of Good Hope (sometlmes Dy
Cape Horn has since continued TO De tne iou ~
The Portuguese did not long retain their monopones
The Dutch became their competitors ana soon ater tne
successor in the India trade. Portugal oecnneu " NO
original insgnifcance Holland rose 10 wealth. anu power
by and land, ana Amsterdam poo10 ~ PP
mart of Europe. ...,
The English followed the Dutch, and have surpassed
all their in the successful OF the
Ia;o trade company Of their merchants have erected
an amnre in India maintained fleets and armies, subJu-
rated vast empires dethroned powerful monarchs dis
osed of Kingdoms and princpaties as other merchants
III snose Of bales of merchandise and, with the riches
thence derived England spot larger than one Of
states has been able to contend against
the combined Powers Of Europe to triumph over them
and impress her policy more or less upon every quar-
ter of the globe.
One other route among the modern channels OF COM
merce remains to be mentioned 1t is the line followed
by the Russians from the city of Moscow to the frontiers
of China BY this route the Russians carry on trade
with China worth three four millions OF dollars per an
num- in which the productions Of the respective countries
bartered against each other almost the only
of trade by barter which any nation has carried ON Win
the people of the East but sufficient to show that there
are articles for which the Chinese will barter the rch
productions of their country This route is often made
entirely land and is then upwards OF SIX thousand
miles in length sometimes by the river Wolga, the Cas-
plan Sea- and the river Oxus and thence over iand py
the ancient route from Contantnope, which increases
the distance but relieves in degree the labor OF the
voyage by substituting for part OF the way water TOT
land carriage
Serylely following the Europeans almost every thing
the people Of the United States also follow them m .ne
route to India They quit Asia, as it were leave be-
hind them to sail thirty thousand miles, doubling Ior
mdabe cape and Drawing the dangers OF tempesuous
sea- arrive in country which is only Few DAYS san
from their own continent They do this because the peo-
pe Of Europe who do better have done SO before
them In the time the efforts Of the English TO ds
cover northwest passage Asia should convince them
that the Europeans would not submit 10 crcuHnaV
gate the globe in their voyage to india western route
could be found through around the northern parts OF
the American continent STILL with all the dangers add
ed the length the voyage the East India trade the
richest vein of American commerce. and soonest leads TO
the most splendid fortunes convincing proof OF wnat
would be if route was opened, exclusively Amerl
can, short safe, cheap and direct, and substituting
trade in barter for the ruinous drain OF goa ana
silver.
" New route proposed for the people Of The United States
By the Columbia and Missouri ripers-Columbus was the
first who conceived the dea of going west to arrive al w
East Indies His discovery of America was owing 10 hat
idea He in search of western passage TO the
coast of ASIA when he arrested by the
ed intervention of the American continent Nor had ne
any idea that he had found new world lie beleyed
himself the Of India and under that belief gave
the name of Indians to the inhabitants name which
they have retained SINCE although the error on which
1t was founded has been long since exploded robertson
La Sae founder of the French colony in the valley OF
the Mississippi pronounced by Mr.. Adams to be
was the next who cherished the idea of going west to In
da The French then masters of the Canadas and
were daily extending their discoveries to the interior Of
North America The existence of chain of great lakes
stretching westward being ascerained he believed that
inland passage to China might be discovered by means
of these lakes and the rivers flowing into the Pacific
Stoddar Full of this idea he left Montreal about the
year $780, in the hope Of mmortazng himself by open
ing his country and direct route TO the commerce
of the East Indies Parting from his friends eight miles
above Montreal the last word he said to them was China
~ Rat
death him in the valley of the Arkansas the fate
which Columbus had narrowly escaped, that of being
assassnated by his followers who had not courage to
follow him any further.
The English of all others the most avarcious Of the
Indian trade also turned their views to the discovery of
western passage to Asia. passage round the Amer-
can continent above Hudsons Bay for long time
favorte object with the English Government and still
occupies its attention. Numerous squadrons had been
fitted out and repeatedly attempted the passage some
times the northwest by Behring's Straits sometimes
by northeast through Hudsons Bay and Davss Straits
The multiplied efforts to discover this passage show the
value which the English place on the discovery OF direct
route to Asia But they have not confined themselves TO
sea voyages Taking up the idea of La Sale, they have
sought inland passage by Of rivers and lakes
This project entrusted 10 Mckenzie Confined to the
northern parts Of continent he could only prosecute
his discoveries north Of the heads Of the Mississippi and
Missouri rivers. He confined TO high northern lat
tudes but succeeded in showing the existence OF water
communication, with few portages from Hudson Bay
north latitude 3d. to the Pacific ocean, in north latitude
As The Mississippi the Peace river the Columbia, and
some lakes formed the Of this communication, and
little useful it would to in latitude high
il was deemed discovery Of great moment by the Eng
ish Mckenzie received the honor Of knighhood for his
enterprise the British fur traders Immediately began TO
export their furs to China By the direct route Of the Co
mba and the privilege Of navigating that river for ten
years has been secured to them by treaty.
The Missouri above the Mandan villages was yet un-
known. From the mouth Of the Mississippi man Of
genius projected its discovery In 1896 the Baron de
Carondee Governor General Of Louisiana, planned an
expedition the of the Missouri and thence to
the Pacific He obtained the appreciation Of Charles
W. King of Spain. liberal compensation was offered
by the King and the Baron announced an additional re-
ward Of three thousand dollars the persons who should
hrst the great The expedition was undertaken
by Don Jacques Camorgan enterprising citizen Of St.
great expense but without accomplishing the views of
the Spanish Government.
A few years after Louisiana changed its master. The
eyes Of Mr. Jefferson taking the direction Of many emf
men, turned upon the Pacific and under
his auspices the labors Of Lewis and Clark have demon
strated the existence Of water communication, with
few porages through the heart and centre Of the Repub
lie from the Atlantic TO the Pacific The rivers Columbia,
Missouri and Ohio form this line and open channel to
Asia Short direct SAFE cheap and exclusively American,
which invites the enterprise Of American citizens and
promises them splendid participation in the commerce
Of the East
(B)
Extract from the speech The Senate February 1649 fdDor
cfa National Central Hehray from The Mississippi TO the
Pacific.
Nothing Mr. President Is more essential than roads.
II is old theme, sir; but II will bear the suggestion
that civilized people live without roads, and that
il s the indispensable duty Of every nation which has
qured any possessions to open communication with