davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The miners' express. (Dubuque, Iowa) 1849-1854, 1853-12-21
TOWNSHIP CONVENTION.

sINHC Democracy II Julien Township requested ,e
i meet in the Court House, on Friday the 23rd inst
for the purpose Of appointing Decgo'es to the County
Convention, to be held on the 3lst
BY ORDER OF THE Tow NSHtP COMMITTEE
Dec Is, 1853. ID
The miners' express. (Dubuque, Iowa) 1849-1854, 1853-12-21
THE NEW SYSTEM.

The small advance system works admirably at the
Empire Cheap Store. Crowds of customers go away
daily, and advertise the world the bargains they
ceive in buying for cash. where they sell for cash only
and receive every week varieties of Staple and
Fancy Dry Goods, for Family which gives them
every advantage of the eastern markets.
New Goods just received at the of Main and
end streets, first below the NAPLES House. Come and
them. JAS. II. RUSSELL.
The miners' express. (Dubuque, Iowa) 1849-1854, 1853-12-21
MARRIED.

On the 5th nst In the Congregational Church, at Coles
burg, by the Rev. E. B. Turner, Mr. MARION CLOUD and
Miss JANE MALvER, daughter of Samuel Malver, Esq,
all of Delaware County
The miners' express. (Dubuque, Iowa) 1849-1854, 1853-12-21
Land for Sale on a Credit.

He subscribers being DESTROYS of selling all the lands
in their possession will offer them very low prices
OF the following terms 25 per the time Of pur
chase, and the balance within one and two years, with
interest at ten per cent per annunl, to wit:
The West half Of quar-. 81, town 90, range
The miners' express. (Dubuque, Iowa) 1849-1854, 1853-12-21

and the undivided half of Lot No T. &c, containing
65 IL of first rate lumber. The above land is stu
ated near Ekader in Clayton county. Also, the s w
quarter of w quarter of 49, e north range
3 east situated near Andrew, Jackson county, Also
the w quarter Of the quarter and the south half
ofhe w quarter Of 81 township 90, range east
of the 5th NJ situated miles north Of the city Of Du
buque For further particulars inquire of the
GEO w. BURTON & co.
Dec. 3, 1853. dawtf
The miners' express. (Dubuque, Iowa) 1849-1854, 1853-12-21
sREPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF
THE INFERIOR.

Thep of "Secretary of the Interior" al
thelesss one of the most important and respon-
sble Offices attached TO the government Its
duties are mutifarioas, arduous and highly re-
sponsible.. They require an intimacy with the
domestic relations of the country and sagaci'y
and industry, which it is not the good fortune OF
very many men in the country to possess.
Secretary McCleland has shewn HIMSELF in
his report, eminently competent for the duties
present Land System, with slight notifications
such as granting more facilities TO the actual
settler and less to the Spectator. None in the
West will complain of such rec ommendatior
Upon this subject we make the following ex
tract from the report:
During the last fiscal year 9,S18,4lI acre:
have been surveyed, and 10, 1863, o9l acres brough
into market. In the same period
there were sold, l,OS3,495 acres
Located with military bounty
land warrants, 6I42360
Located with other certifi
Gates, 9427
Selected for the State, as
swamp lands, 1864, 253
Donated foT railroads, &c, ,427 457
Making total of, %, 346 992
Sho"ing an increase in quantity sold and To-
Gated with land warrants, and under grants, o.
l2,23l ,olS acres over The previous fiscal year
The quantity of land sold during The second
and third quarters of 1852, was 334,45l acres
amount received therefor, $623,6o7 SO.
Quantity sold second and third quarters of 81,
l,609,9l9 acres, amount received therefor, So
| 226, $40 SO.
The whole number of land warrants issued
under existing laws, up TO the Both Septem5sl
last was 26o, o42 Of which there were then out
standing 66,947. The quantity of land requir
ed to satisfy the latter is 4, ne, i2o acres
Warrants have been issued to The Both of Sep
last, under the act of 18th February, lo47
calling for 12,S79,2S0 acres
Under the acts of Sept. %,
1850, and March 81, 1852
for 1866, 800
The miners' express. (Dubuque, Iowa) 1849-1854, 1853-12-21

The oldest preacher in the world is hev. Geo
Fletcher, Of London, who, in February next
will be ose hundred and seven years ofage.
The miners' express. (Dubuque, Iowa) 1849-1854, 1853-12-21

Il is reported that Gov Foote, of Mississippi,
has resolved II emigrate to California.
The miners' express. (Dubuque, Iowa) 1849-1854, 1853-12-21

AccipEsT on THE LAKs SHORE RAILROAD
"A despath 70 the Cleveland Herald, dated =
WessfeId, Moadsy moan, Dec. l2th, says:
The paasrnger sars Of the Cleveland vain
~ over ) oow. west sfs Dunkirk, ppsetting
NJ cas down IN esnbsnkseat Of Sheen feet.
rive o. six persons weEs hAdiy Injured, sou'
uope fhtaily. The train casns o.
The miners' express. (Dubuque, Iowa) 1849-1854, 1853-12-21
WcN2lERA.

IN 000 Bushels nf ceii-cledRcd Wheat, for which a
Ao3Ooo fair price will be paid in cash. Also any
quantity of Corn and Oats, in Exchange for Goods at
best rates. B.JG'HALLORAN.
Dubuque, Dec Z, 1853. daw3m
The miners' express. (Dubuque, Iowa) 1849-1854, 1853-12-21

- The Central Railroad have about ioO
hsn1u. - sse Informed, At work on The deep CUT
II Scales Mound.
The miners' express. (Dubuque, Iowa) 1849-1854, 1853-12-21

THE EXECUTIVE.
William Walker President of the Republic
of Lower California.
Frederick Emory Secretary of State.
John M. Jarnagin Secretary Of War.
Howard A. Snow Secretary of Navy.
John Chapman Major of Battalion.
Chas II. Gilman Capt. Of do.
John McKibber LIST Lieutenant.
Timothy Croker 2nd do.
Samuel Ruloned Sd do.
NAVAL.
William T.. Mann Captain of Navy.
A. Williams First Lieutenant
John Crandell Second lieutenant.
Our government has been formed upon sure
and firm basis The civil code and code of prac.
tice of Louisiana has been adopted for the rule
of decision in our courts, and as the civil law oil
the land. We arrived at Cape St. Lucas on
Thursday, Nov. 8. On the morning of the
9th, the Mexican cutter Geneva bruised off the
cape Our appearance was so formidable she
deemed prudence the better part of valor, heel.
ed to and gave US the slip In the evening ouI
troops again embarked for Magdalena Bay
where the President contemplated establishing
the seat Of government for the present.
The miners' express. (Dubuque, Iowa) 1849-1854, 1853-12-21

Farmers, EmigrantS q Settlers,
NAN obtain the following choice selections of land
~ advantageous rates by application TO The under
signed;
The miners' express. (Dubuque, Iowa) 1849-1854, 1853-12-21

The duties collected at St. Louis upon foreign
imports are upwards Of 100000 each year.
The miners' express. (Dubuque, Iowa) 1849-1854, 1853-12-21

DATENT NEUTRALITY-SUSPICIOUS. Medicines of al
kinds for sale by TIMOTHY Mason, Wholesale end re
tail Druggist sign of Good Samaritan sept IL
The miners' express. (Dubuque, Iowa) 1849-1854, 1853-12-21
NOTICE.

A LII Walter Scots Works, in different sorts of bind
IA ing can be had at CHAs. RATTRAY'S
Jnder the City HOTEL and opposite the American House.
The miners' express. (Dubuque, Iowa) 1849-1854, 1853-12-21
Making,

And we find that, while the
purchase, survey, and sale
ofthe public lands will, in
the end, have cost $SS,9J4
013, the net amount which
will have been realized
therefor is the enormous
: sum of.
The miners' express. (Dubuque, Iowa) 1849-1854, 1853-12-21

We copy the following remarks upon the Sc.
sGIetasy Of the Treasury. from the Galena JEFF.
trsOsian. They appeared in that journal with
out credit and we transfer them as We find
.them, promising that they are not without in
AAenaf - -
New-York daily tribune. [volume] (New-York [N.Y.]) 1842-1866, 1853-09-13
OHIO.
Maine Law Movements.

Correspondence Of The n Y Tribune
COLUMBUS Ohio, Tuesday, Aug 80, 1853.
Knowing that a very great portion of your readers
feel deep interest in the liquor prohibition, have
concluded it would perhaps not be out of place TO adj
wise them of what has been done in this part of the
field of labor Long before the campaign commenced,
the Maine Law men had proclaimed through State
Conyenti,n and alliances in almost every county, that
they intended 10 vote for man not known to be in
favor Of the total suppression of the liquor traffic The
result was that in many counties Maine Law Men have
been put in nomination by one and in instances BY
all tie parties In this county the Democrats nOmlna
ted Anti Maine Law men, one Of them preacher " al
"tIat" and the Wings the next week nominated men
in favor Of prohibition but with the understanding they
we've to say nothing II they had spoken out at once
in favor Of the suppression Of the liquor traffic there
would have been question as to their election. but
the attempt to run item without permitting tbcm 10
Iubhsh tier views. distracted the Maine Law force.
lie result IT, the rec Democrats who are oil for the
Maine Law believe. lave nominated n full county
ticket and on the same day Maine Law Convention
indGriod tie Wig canidatcs ~ occupying position
satisfactory to them There many Democrats that
VIII vote Tor them Name Law men, and We feel con
fdtnt OF succets
The Ruuu.es have imported n certain Rer q i
Beebc from somewhere in New York To defend their
neiaiious bu,iness lie has had discussions here ~
Circeyie, Lancaster. aud CkillicOihe He openly al
yocates tipping and ply steal resistance TO law, and
your readers will at once see thst in all intelligent
mur;es lie must do good, even il left alone but when
confronted by such men Dr. Jcwet, OF Mass Hall,
of Conn or Plantz Ohio the result can be but pro-
ftahle.
We confidently anticipate the passage of law to sup
press the liquor III die next winter II has frightened
The old parties worse than any other vision that has
crossed their path for long time for the leaders many
Oi them ee that dogcerics really their only hope,
and in their downlsll they ose all their strength Jay
New-York daily tribune. [volume] (New-York [N.Y.]) 1842-1866, 1853-09-13
FREEDOM IN KENTUCKY-C NJ CLAY.

CovItsTondcuce OF The y Y Tribune
CHENILLE Lewis Co. Ky, Sept. s. 1858.
FRIEND GREELEY However much you may differ
from Others the best method of removing Slavery
one thing is appaTen-that is that You osthe Slavery
-loathe il as an incubus upon all that is lovely val
liable ard therefore must hail with delight every ndi-
cation of its ultimate overthrow.
have lust returned frcm smother visit TO c. VI
CLAY and the Free Churches in Madison and Rock
castle Counties l found Clay at his home resolue in
purpose, sanguine in expectation, but calm in hope
He st believes " lie viii not live always" He ex-
leois this nation yet to the iasity OF Ssvey-its
mpolicy and cruety-and with righteous Indignation
crush the monster-rhe common enemy OF God and
nan.
There is shout Clay and bis home much Of interest
He is socsl generous and hcspitabe His wife is Kind
intelligent pleasant. protesting faith in Jesus His i.
net tie home of in6Gelity that many suppose He is
urheeving in reference 10 slayeh0ldng religion and
tie popular ministry Of this age And whatever skep
icism lie may lave hsd in reference 70 the Penay In
sTnotcn OF the Old Testament. that was as I appre-
ltId, oouecd, as in many others more by pro Sagery
te;dng tltn anything tlse. But his late sgeech AZ
a. Isle lrrcr, IN Bosicr, shows how be new regards
(l1tslil.
Rs 6cu cftc sGsiis ere conducted with marked svs
ten. temperance ard cheerful Industry The rich in
New-York daily tribune. [volume] (New-York [N.Y.]) 1842-1866, 1853-09-13
Northern Illinois.
n


(srrespondence Of The \. 7. Tfibune.
ROCK SPRING Aug %. 1888
The country near the northern line OF Illinois and
the adjacent State of Wisconsin is regarded BY many
as the real garden of the Northwest But why speak
Of one garden when there is no great difference in the
general features and natural advantages Of whole
States. Inyidous comparisons between either the
country or the poope in several of these Northwestern
States is both unnecessary aud unpleasant There
variations in SOIL climate, adaptation 10 particular
crops ard many other eireumstSntias in diherca dis
fricts and in the usages and CHARACTERISTICS OF the
people but such diversity as to give Premnenee to
any ere section.
There is ere fact known to all the older inhabitants
al Illinois and it may serve ap illustration Of other
rcs,rs Of wilde ness country IN the further oil North
weu With the exception of s sdaD district around
New-York daily tribune. [volume] (New-York [N.Y.]) 1842-1866, 1853-09-13
CITY ITEMS.
y,rERraIyMEvTS. &c THIS EVESL,


Iv1LIES's CoscEArs-C.sfle GsrdeD-egery
Tse JFALots and another comedy a. the Br0sd~sy
.tEIors F.aLT The Heir = Law" at 5rrton,s.
THE RvsLs and Inc Coed foT No hing e; Wa.-.cks.
NEA Jcco the ape" c, Nibor GARDEN
Tar sPrGrr BsErEn 1zsr Ia the
xcLE CABIN. rght AZ the Ntfionsl lheaser
NooDs Ehopizn D.lnesiious no ~ broadway
HucxLEYss NEEOELEsNs sZREysDLRs No - Br5.dwsT.
FRrcoss every Afternoon aid eTs1
in-.
scros Rcrs-Per<orrn,neea Afternoon and evening
SrCNoE rOGrs and hszc-s,uyv essat I1stue
TEE BRYas GALLERY CHzisIAs Akr-No 20 Broadway
ECzoFEA- NJ ASlCIAS-Clllcse bai.cnz-
TrE KsLSisH BELGIAS GsIL1EY-So - Brca1~aJ-
OWNS sCINT MoST BLsEc-No - brosewly
Fa.syFssfE PASos NIAGARA sALls Hope ChapeA
BAxvAsps OzoEssA EG1PT ASO IHE HOLY LASo-So %
BrcstvEv.
stvTs NlE NEEos o. THE LAKES tc.-Cnir-ss Buitirzs
TnE Battle sE@JE-EAss NfhsT opposite crJfa Pa-lce
EGYFTrkS AKIN Es->tuy ed.ut lusr-u-e
lHr SLEPT FIVE lEAKs-Ae1deGT Hal brosd-s
The weather remains cool and pleasant There have
been sharp fs,. IN the nghborhood AID the trees bn
10 show the livery Of autumn
n. Bn1oness d. Ber- he Pan'. viii give her S-coni
Cop.ert a, Metrvpotan Hal net wednesday, SePt ~
a., .,s;.fsnts WI be the highest order >sefanone
s,,x; psul Julien Marefzek a. leader
n, Ne~York Vegetarian Socety ne-s this even NJ a
EolsIselt.t Add-sses by DR. DE WOLF and hrs
lazy Am JsLk.1a The public are invited 10 attend
New-York daily tribune. [volume] (New-York [N.Y.]) 1842-1866, 1853-09-13

70 concur 70 refr I'd MARY Lnclow taxes paid bv hs
enor 10 concur pay James Donnely for coal ns 80
ded for in contract OF 1881 - remit tar 49,.
EDWARD Carsrd for is52 10 to remit taxes 49,.
Jsm,s : Taylor, administrator; Martin Bates JoS,
Csnan. Ann Proudht. Nsleniine q. Hail. executor. W
J. Pinckney. trustee, snd Jsmss DOnslsoa; 10 coors,
reduce tax Of : W Gibson from o. 900 to ESQ "a -
appropriate ses5S &C for rebuilding Essex Mas
All adopted
Clerk and Messenger in the Mayors Ofice. be al
hereby hned at 800 pr annum. to take effect fOm q
Isl int Adopted.
Thst the sslaries Of Health wariens be incres-d /.
sec per annum, to commerce from the ist August isn
Rerryts-Of Committee on Police. in favor Of p.v,,.
medical bills OF Drs Gliswold and Duensing. Adopted
OF Committee on Wharves. Sc. in favor Of sllovi,,
Chsrls L Shelton to build bulkhead between rity -
and Fly second SITS, North River. Adopted.
OF Committee Ordinances. in favor Of ordnance -
lli,irc the driving of neat cattle through Of n
streets in the CITY between A. NJ and L. N in Jas
july August sud September, and between A, n ssa,
7 during the remainder Of the year. under peastys
$40 for esch-cat.le 10 be- mpounded Adopted.
OF Committee on Streets in favor of tagging sdev.s
in front OF Nos. 100, los lo7 and 100 hercers
Adopted
FSny fnh St between Ihrl av and Avenue A. AlSpsel
OF Committee on Sewers TO concur for sewers in Pos
fourth ST. from Sixth av. through Broadway to rr
sixth 81 in Forty sixth st. between Ninth aud Tenth an
in Elizabeth st between Boecker and Houssoa sta, !
Rleeckers ST. from Carmine 10 Christopher sts Ia nin
third t.. between Eighth and Ninth avs IN WashiarH
ST from Spring to Charlton 50 IN tortv elghlh q. NJ
Ninth 10 Eighth 10 concur 10 permit j. Benetits
construct sewer in West 1hiteh s 70 point in froa
his residence. az his expense O. concur tor baS
ard culvert at w. cornerof Avenue and Fcrrseeae
Il. All adopted
Vefo OF ne Nasor.-A communication was receivedfs
the Mayor returning the report and resolution ia fsvs
RENTING assessment of S9ll6s upon property IN f1
rst 81 between Ninth and Tenth avs owned by The In
Reformed Presbyterian Church on the SAM gnsaA
he states a. the veto remission of assessment On Ca
eiry corner Houston and Christopher SITS Usual coans
From Board OF AidsfmcR Preamble and kesolinie
n relation to the Jones Wood Park. To Com ON Lana
&c -
Resolution that crosswalk corner of Bayard and oraaN
SIS be reraired. Concurrci IN.
The Board then adjourned to Tuesday afternoon ate
o'clock
YoUNG MrSs DEBATING SooIErN-1hs Society hedf
regula- meeting lat evening Mr.. John romlinson in 4
Chair There was a good attendance OF members ma
OF whom were accompanied by ladies' The subject Tor
cussion Was the Political Life of Daniel Webster Ca
sstent one p opened by Mr. Thos Boese IN the AHA
alive and Mr. Daniel G. Croey in the negative
MAsoNs SocETy-A meeting OF this Society was held,
Montgomery Hall las, evening for the Iurpose of ees
Delegates TO the Amagama,cd Trades Convention, Win
will meet at Military Hall Bowery' this evening
New-York daily tribune. [volume] (New-York [N.Y.]) 1842-1866, 1853-09-13
Woman. Rights and the Convention.

10 ne Edit, ofTleN Y Hibsac
SIR: There was recently published IN City paper
an article from the pen OF Mrs Phoebe PATTERSON, at
Which | am both amazed and pained-smazed at
lis statements ard panied with its spirit 1t is surely
natter of grief and modification that any woman,
however d, appointed she might claim 20 be- or actu-
ally find herself should far forget her 10y atty to her
s,x aud oreeo the serespeet of her own SOUL as to
doscond the repetition Of the self same ISLANDERS AMI vul
caritit Which have fallen OF late, and publicly from un
manly m,n-irom lip profane albeit theoretically an
oiLitd.
But in regard 10 the statements Of Mrs. F.. even
mole astcnished having accidentally CHANGED t. know
somewhat of The course of events We're those of whom
Sic makes ecil mention still in the city 10 meet the at
tack should be silent rs il is. ought not know posi-
lively that her project WIS not only iaVoraDy received
hut that twice in my hearing, publicly and ap
pfoyI civ mentiunedwheter she were present. cannot
ayihat she had Grc and Jpcted 10 bring orw
ersef after hch farther action To have been taken
uIon H. that than of the prominent members of
lie Conye a. she must remember SAID 10 her in my
presence that needed and admirable undertaking,
Mrs r ID Gage offering TO urge upon the attention OF
the Convention after Mrs p should have presented n.
And knowing all this feeling myself and having express
ed to Mrs deep interest in this and every practical
Ian for the eev alton and independence of Woman was
aO ether asonshed that she made not solitary effort to
br it forward after the notices already given, and be-
ing herself through entire session in the house.
And also know, having myself heard the words used,
which Mrs acknowledges she did not, that there wa no
mention made of her connected with or subordinate TO-
Mn Davis paper. The Una. And cannot understand
Why she really wished she professed the action OF
the Convention upon her plan she should not as least have
broulh bit it before them-haying full liberty and ample en-
courage TO doraiher than betake herself alter
wand 10 printing her preudces and casting them before
the world with hearay reports OF what vas done IN her
atsence.
trust however it may be a Misunderstanding upon
her part which Eet cton and explanation may and
not bornes. prejudice which shall outstand and mega
tive the influence OF both. Yours respectfully,
No g. H.a .6l-s, C N SEVERANCE.
New-York daily tribune. [volume] (New-York [N.Y.]) 1842-1866, 1853-09-13
Irottlrg At CentrevtlIe Cour.e. L. L.

TrFsDAY Sept 6.-Natch s2O): mile heats
gr uAmess z Confidence 60 sulkyl.......l
--, Jenny Lind PAGER ~ q TezOn d.
Time 24L
Confidence Is m old troter the hero of many hard
won race. Betting about
TBrRsDAI. sept s-PHrse $3.50 nile hea;s-best in
3 in harness.
J sodiue. usmss b. 4 Cen-Teyile........ 80 !
MeLauh. IL names. u Green Mountain dAslH
9ite. A. LADY keruCn ..............drewn
tine 2etH2si-2Ss-21St
New-York daily tribune. [volume] (New-York [N.Y.]) 1842-1866, 1853-09-13
THE woMAN's RIGHTS CONVENTION.

T. ne TGior IF The " Y Tbvrs
SIR: / attended the Womans Rights Convention
Il zee evenings az the Tabernacle, this weeh have
lived more than fifty years this round world OF ours,
nd have mingled much with Legislatures, Conven-
items and speakers and heard many speeches and
ncdIesfes made | have never heard more able argu-
uens or eloquent speeches uttered anywhere than at
tie Womans Rights Convention. There was a tone 81
feeling ard morality which through every discourse
sld a Ierinency Of reasoning which seldom has oecn
eCusled.
hope that the proceedings Of this Convention VII BE-
IIlIcd in book and the speeches AMI addresses re-
vod and written ty each fair au'hose, and put
IL adable fom We owe il 20 ourselves ~ men % cnd az
a. 20 do ihs
MIR Philips aVTea 10 multitude o. worse thin bei
Ian bys Who tn bed tie meeting On the lat even B Ut
tic session was eloquent ms argument Tfess.Dle 10
oct him To- write ont his speech and p0bsh IN eNtenso
lie idea that women are be governed by when
IL have no voice in making is the essence OF tyranny
aid deloii.m Il i rank robbery to tax won1ns pr
rrf 10 srrort n Government which she IL entirely
rded Give our women the right to vote Mt our eec
ti.s ard we would see 10 more drinkers and men OF
Jriovtd morals and practices elected to oil our Congress
az, ocislntures bribery and corruption would hide is
minis, al head before tie rebnke of Womans Suffrage
ould write you all day this subject OF the wrongs We
men wage on woman handed down 10 "a IRON the Gays
o tleearlCsi ban bari,m Barbarous nations ever MIKE
slaves If women Christian nations amclorue their con
don only but justice demands radical code OF laws tor
their protection. -, r.
Letu- begin the good work a. soon as possible Let
justice be done. lillian '""''
New-York daily tribune. [volume] (New-York [N.Y.]) 1842-1866, 1853-09-13
WASHINGTON NATIONAL MONUMENT.

To es.h OF hand .s2 a Contributions sept r. So u
IOlAl.............-..... ~ l5O ~
Perl L. BROWN Aseat.
C,s,tri Fsloe, Nee York. sept. T. 1888
New-York daily tribune. [volume] (New-York [N.Y.]) 1842-1866, 1853-09-13
THE TURF
TrottIng at Unon Coarse, LII.

Trottins ut Union Coarse, L. 4.
TUESDAY. sept. g, ls53.-Irotting match $500 mile
heats. b, 81 in ), in harness.
D. ffft Lady Nerron.............l drawn
J. v ocdrLn nsmss g eel ....--......-.< drawn
Tine xJ2-ZE
We that some OF the leading papers have spoken in
en- uuknd manner Of this and we thin they have
taken wrong Wow Of II altogether. The facts these
The owner OF Lady Vernon Mr. SOmerndyke, came to
hr J. Irving the ownsr Of Selisn, and asked him If be
would not draw this race his mare had unfortunately,
taken sick Immediately after the second heat Mr. Irving,
in The most geBeO consented 10 draw il. He
also drew his that nobody was loser on this
trot al outs.Ge bats being declared OF.