Weekly national intelligencer. [volume] (Washington [D.C.]) 1841-1869, 1853-08-20

the simple constituent beasts Of prey cannot ly<
at all vegetables, cannot assimilate them but require
that they undergo animal organization also by the agency
Of the lungs Of gramnvorous animals In all these pro
cesses both in the vegetable and animal Kingdom tha
mysterious power, the vital principle is the controlling
agent
In regard to their modes Of gr2yt plants may be d
vded into two classss vascuar 81 those containing
sells, forest trees and the different grains and
grasses and cellular those composed Of cells, .,
mushrooms, atoad stools" and fupgEs generally. Ths
growths dependant upon the movement Of the sap hh
erto referred to, apply exclusively to vascular plants -
the fungi there is circulation These grow by the con-
tinual formation Of CELLS ut the lower portion just as
witnessed ia the growth Of the lair and ns animals
The top of toad STOOL mushroom ie just rs large,
is fully Developed when II frst leaves tAe ground ~
/ it is afterwards only thar the light and w0snfh
stissning the cells cause the ssp % expand lxs -
4 The miaelstosis suciently Singular ia itp ~eb 81
teVSth 70 Justify It's being particularly mepsisncG A
bears the relation TO other pnnts chat beasts Of m
do to other animals being incapable Of assimat;rg h
ganc elements which the ordinary food or oter
plants but requiring that the food be previously organ
xcd Its penetrate the bark of the upon wioh
il grows and extracts for its growth the sap that they
have elaborated This is the with parasitic plants
generally and hence arises the injury to the plant tree
upon which they grow.
! The animal system requires variety Of proximats
principles for its support and these rarely found in
the required proportions in one particular kind OF food
Hence the benefit of mixed grasses or mixed food Tor
cattle and other kind of stock and mixed diet for
When cattle fed upon single kind of grass they
obliged eat much than would otherwise be needed
in order to obtain sufficient quantity of some particular
ingredient The same is of all animals included
Hence Chinaman, who lives almost exclusively upon
RICE it is said always shows, by his increased copaency
when he has dined
1t may be observed here that nature seems, to
extent to adapt the food of the climate in which
he is placed The food is used in the animal economy for
the double purpose Of preserving the temperature of the
system and contributing to its growth and support 1t
is the carbon of the food principally which, by the che
cal condensation resulting from its uniting with oxygen
in the formation of carbonc acid in the lungs gives out
heat to the body consequently the more carbon food
contains the greater the amount Of heat that will be pro-
duced in its consumption So find corn that grows in
high lattudes oily and containing carbon than
that which grows in climates thus aHordng
heat when used food. There is striking difference
in this respect between the that grows in Canada
New England and that grown in Virginia Carolina.
The inhabitants of high northern latitudes live upon fish,
OIL and other eatproducing food, which powerfully
resist the effects of their severe climates upon their
systems On the other hand in tropical regions oranges
lemons, pineapples and other fruits with but little
bon and cooling in their nature abound for the health
fu diet of the inhabitants Of these warm countries Ma
thus teaches lesson the connexien between eli
mate and diet which is worthy of being more regarded
in climate subject to such great ycissudes OF temper
ature ours
Having briefly referred the development and growth
of trees will make few remarks the mode Of trans
planting.
In order to transplant tree successfully hole should
be dug about and half feet square and two feet Deep
and filed nearly full Of rich mould, putting it from
10 gallons OF water, cause the loose
earth to settle and viii be reservoir to supply the
young with moisture for several days. Then place
the this moAd carefully extending each root and
have regard to two things first to get @ earth in coss
contact with roots which promoted by gently agit
ting the up and down occasionally the earth is
placed over them and next not 70 plant them TOO DEEP SO
to bury the If this part be buried either when
planted in working the ground subsequently, and per-
mited remain the cannot live When the hole is
filed with earth little more water may be added and,
if the tree is evergreen difficult to transplant
successfully two boards aboua foot wide should be placed
the opposite sides of the tree as to pre-
vent too rapid evaporation Care must be taken not to in
ure the thus planted by watering them too soon al
terwards The method of growth of the roots, in all
other parts of plants is by the formation of very minute
and delicate cells at the exremties the materials Of
which, having just passed from fluid state, readily
restored it again and would be materially injured by
watering. Ry attending to these hints person viii
rarely be disappointed in setting out trees.
1t is the ertees of the roots alone that take up food
from the EARTH and this faet should be borne in mind in
manuring and watering tree. Manure placed the
body of tree is almost useless.
To what was previously stated the subject of trim
ming fruit trees, may add that it is very hurtfu to
trim to expose the body of the tree to the
direct rays of the sum- thereby drying the bark contract
ing the sap vessels and preventing full fow of sap.
When in open space is left to nature it sends
forth branches and leaves shade its body and thus
itself from the hurtful effects Of the hot In
forest the lower limbs not needed as the top Of one
shades the trunk of another. Orchards frequently
trimmed to their hurt in order admit Of their being
poughed and cropped which is douby disadvantageou
the trimming and the cropping both inurng the
smaulot Of ground, say two acres properly planted
with good fruit trees kept well worked and manured and
appropriated to other use, except it may be pig
range that the immature fruit that falls and the ripe
fruit unneeded for other purposes may be eaten will a
ford rich return any other part Of the farm and
will pay much better than where there is an attempt to
make of the piece Of land both orchard and field
While the trees young, the ground may be advantage
ousy planted with beans potatoes, some such crop
1t should be recollected that the fruit Of
those branches which the growth OF the pre-
ceding year. One great why apple and peach
ordinarily bear only every other year s that the
has not sufficient food to nourish the fruit and also
growth for the sets Of next year crop grain
and grass their the surface and must
be supplied rs robs the tree of much Of its food there
by preventing its growth and rendering the fruit knoy
and less perfect IL the orchard Is properly cultivated
and manured and not undue number of sets allowed
remain the trees il will yield supply of fruit
ry year. unless the blossoms killed by FROST and the
fruit viii be much larger and finer than when the orchard
is cropped.
of its development into plants and trees the next thing
to be considered is the SOIL superficial view Of the
EARTH least to in these parts presents it compos
ed Of loose MATERIAL with rocks stones accidentally df
fused among them How often and how remarkably, in
the examination Of Nature, first appearances decep
tive AT first sight earth appears be STILL and all
the celestial bodies by which it is surrounded in motion
Observation and reflection show that the earth has
twofod notion by Of which carried through
space with the astonishing velocity Of nineteen miles every
second of time, while the bodies around are mostly
still. Again. the earth appears much the largest Of all
the bodies any where behold observation and rehec
ton show that in comparison with many Of them is
but speck. In almost every department Of Nature
IL is observable that first appearances deceptive