The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1853-12-02
THE LECTURE SEASON.
The War In Europe.

Dr. SoGR delivered the rst Of his of lectures last
Wednesday Russia Turkey Pocyof the other
at the present uncur theItteChapel
Of the University He naming the Ave great
powers Of Europe-England Russia, France AUSTRIA and
Pru' sia. Their policy on the Turkish question in
some degree regulated by their relations to each other
The locality of dispute formerly Germany and Italy
1T is transferred to Con stantnople Prussia he
said the smallest and weakest of the five great
Powers By Of it's geographical position it might
in day be mandates by the Russian troops 1t was
for this that in 1915, Ctsreagh objected to the
cesson OF the Grand Duohy of Warsaw to Russia
then she might have had power to both Austria
and Prussia. Russia also commands the northern
well the eastern frontier OF Prussia. Psrhap
Prussia might Withstand this power if she had any other
power any friend, to lean upon. The lecturer
alluded TO the fact that France had since 1888
coveted the Rhen,sh provinces-they regarded as
their manifest Destiny" the annexation of
these provinces So Prussia has to defend herself on
one side against France on the other against Russia and
the south again Austria. The Emperor Alex .nder
we'd Prussia in 1875 The Emperor Nicholas has
to desire the prosperity Of Prussia in order to keep the
ans from the Southwestern provinces The policy of
Prussia is then to lean upon Russia-she is the most
Prussas policy must always be lend herself to the
policy of Ruseia The second portion Of Prussas policy
must be to strengthen herself BY the annexation Of the
other German prncpalites. The means Of doing this
would be to encourage cssensions among the govern
ments and be brought in arbiter In 1916, Prussia
her troops various places the preencs that shs
puts herself forward the champion Of national indie
pendence, Professionalism and liberal principles. And
she has influence because she Is the strongest
Of the German States though the weakest Of tho great
Powers Se endeavors TO strengthen herself by obgng
every one Of her citizens to five soldier
THIS fact destroys all the truth in tina eensions of
Prussia and makes her hberaity degenerate into despo
such that she Is called upon to do things altogether in
compatible with each other. Liberalism exist
in Prussia in her position at present. while the has
so much power. Prussia can never overcome her geo.
graphical difficulties. As long Prussia is weak
to excite the ambition of France Austria and Russia
long will she be obliged to seek for consolidation by
nexation Treaties have been made by these Powers,
and broken almost made. The Congress OF
emma Of arbitration-so have all their con.
grelses bern SINCE but not ndpg the PYussans
cannot get on without q standing army. AL the small
States are plotting against each other until the day of
war shall come. The Italian States command next
attention. France holds Rome against Austris and
Rome holds Lombardy against France Italy will be
ed Ss IN various Parts Of 'I italy and they
make the Italians 6ght for them Italy has friends
but the Italian people (Appaufe) Ma.zini ought to
Milan would do no eoed TIE prest mt combat is for
Datonal restoration which result be attainsd
while the little courts Of Europe acted upon by
great Powers It is mistaks to talk Of the radcAlism
Of Europe, As applied to abstract political principles
there may be such thing but under this lies in
tene desire for national restoration The lecturer
in the respect that Re believed tn
strsstsm the best Instrument to bring about certain
old nuts old nnis he meant old things which
prevented better from spriDgnR up The Ques
ton whether the civilization Of iii he
Renanc or TLetonic. 1t well known that the
history Of Europe fun of at aAd reactions,
the part Germany and Italy the last ceutury
Then the contest into the hands Of France leading
the Romantic tpir and England At the head Of tbs
manic race. They must 6ght the Sclavic Ii it Is
fought at all But England and FrAn,s now think so
much If them elves that they forget the great offset be
fore them They give up To Russia, and they are des
tined tn follow German, and Italy in their decay unless
thayr ~ thas-r Lr~1c~l hc.u fnr:
and naval posts entirely enc cling Russia from her IlaEd
of Hthe GLAND to the Mediterranean acd from the Medi
sound at the outlet Of the Baltic would give strong
naval the rest Of Europe The possession of
the DaIdaneies would give England power all the
land OF Central Asia called Tartary would complete
the circle At these point. England and Russia
must fight for supremacy. Aud these Powers
continually taking advantage Of quarss existing at
these points At the Sound they nerered between Den
mark ind the duchies of Scaleswg Holsten In raray
Persia and rebel chief they are sngs gsd in
dispute in Turkey relative to the claims Of religious
tween the tries actually at but whether not
the English Russians shall have supremacy at
points BY the acts Of Lord Palmerston in 84s it would
that he is afraid Of the German and Italian
nations than lie IL of Russia. This Is the only way
that it can be explained The quarrel between Russia
and England the sion In rarary, ia 1898
for other purpose than to give the other po
fi,ion in that portion OF Tartary The Russians bv gain
ing this position, could have fomentsd dissentons be-
tween the native tribes 10 India, and have cemented
atons with the wild tribes from whom this conquerors
Of Asia have sprung From this time both governments
awoke to the Importance Of the Asiatio question.
The Emperor of Russia, in his correspoa 6 snce with
Paimers on, this subject discaimed entirsy de-
signs on the British in India and the Russian
troops withdrawn But her aeets occupy the of
Ae and she Is able to send forth 40 ida of warriors
against the British in India SO Russia
commands the East of Aa and the British possessions
tbty. She also commands by the Sound, the Nor Of
Europe. she should gain the third peint-Cop
tiLopls-she ,uld have in her aids the supreme
hat hnrvrfap nlaNfr
Inc in another lecture the sequences which would
the conquerg of Turkey by Russia and whether
or not there was not lone means BY which Europe might
BIZ saved.
ences OF Commercially Rev. DIR. Vinton.
An interesting and able lecture The Merchant:
the and Influences Of Commerce." delivered
Tuesday evening at the Brookl AthenDum by Rev.
Dr. vinton The spacious lecture m, which Is capable
Of containing thousand persons slmoat full
although the evening most unfavorabIe.
The lecturer commenced by giving brief review of the
history Of comm among the ancents and Of mid
die ages He then spoke Of the great effects which the
discovery of America by Columbus, and of ths passage
round the Cape Of Good Hope BY vasco de CANA pro-
duced upon it, after which he proceeded Is follows
Commerce began to take the position Of primo minis.
ter and TO rule the sovereign and to guide the lsgsa
ture. Il umed the ermine and sat upon the iadgss
bench and introduced piers In the las reports
IL fern ed Alliances with religion. and suggested big
thorghts of missi, nary Undertaking to the hssshen
world II was omnpotent among all classes Of the
mon weAlth-openog markets for agriculture and the
arts-provding means for popular eduoation-comfort
ing both and rith with foreign productions Of
every CLINE that prince nor potentate could
comm and And when the nineteenth century broke into
day upon men commerce was dealing with them unto
the far ends earth Surely might have conectured
that the acme tf triumph achieved But there
lived man In that same year of erase, $780, who
guilty Of medtsting and perimenting upon an old
power OF nature, known 70 every child, indeed, but
which few, rs the Marquis of worcsse In earlier times
suggested az an agency in mechanics To Robert Full
ton with his steamboat yonder Hudson this genera
ton must look their foeathers looked to Christopher
Columbus. The one opened up the track to the New
World; the other taught the New World how to
pats the whole earth l rot SPEAKING Of the
engine as 1t il applh TO art and it
shoots the rafting shuttle athwart the loom how 1t
heaves the hammer the changing FORGE how IL blows
The bellows of the furnace fire. how it drives the and
turns tie milestone, and works for the mechanic night
ard day, uncempainpgly, increasingly untired. But
am poin sting you to its agency for inland
commerce., and or commerce with the world. For inland
commerce, the steam horss and tis chariots are
trans ting men and their goods upon the iron
bones OF our republic, hills and valleys through
the mountains, ard the rivers interchan
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