New-York daily tribune. [volume] (New-York [N.Y.]) 1842-1866, 1853-07-18

resi- Stvotiop and sacrifice Of money has put it its
present f otn, and the naval service Is nov regarded
with greater consideration than II was under Catherine
and Alexander Al old prOyerbIa distribution OF caPa-
cities respectng the officers among tue various grades
AZ ,b ,erytce m Russia ssigns-he ddady 10 the cdrGt
~ The kared nsa Ia the artillery tfe druHkard TO the
raru and the stupid he inf fy SO Was once but 80
no longer at least with respect to the infantry and
navy Tie infantry officers, though they DO not belong
TO tie higher arstocrac class. for the greater part
vel ,ucated and toersb well bred. The second son OF
the ueror il the Grand Admiral and nov tue Minister
or Sec etary Of the Navy From childhood be has been
tho oueh, educated for this purpose. This has given
,tuulU. 10 the service Educated snd vel bred you az
At L;cher f,uil, CONNECTIONS e.er it continually aai
thus rs ancient dsreputabe character Is almost wholly
CHI nged
Tie vessels have 10 uno NIFTY IN their construction
Some are heayy ~ old Dutch eiJts some are modelled
op Ba.ish aud American patterns Tie materiu winch
/. mostly oak is bad not that there no lumber 10 Rls
s hut tie tavy Yards and arenas are under the sane
trlrc1le of yenaty ard theft which perTades al other
branches Of tie administration thus the vessels last
Only from IL to 10 Years In general the RUSSIAN Navy
is 10 he REGARDED g. defensive wooden wall which can
never he transformed into offensive weapon against
Europe or be made to act slnsehanded a-anSt any OF
Tie maritime powers, with the exception Of - eden, Iur
hey sad lie Ike snalierones.
1Le Coss,cks In time of war are rarely used 10 masses
in regular battlefield Their principal utility consists
Ia surrounding he army iron swarm, wholly IN
Del, trsbe e the enemy Thus they cover the move
mtnts of tie forces prevent desertions and fetch mp
sraeeeGs They form the vanguard and the Poses per-
das generally eGtricating themselves OUT oil dhcdtes
in which all other detachmens % the army or lndlSdu-
ais would be lost In this they serve TO keep
the ENEMY Oh the alert TO alarm him continually to hold
him in restless irritation and 10 exhaust hlm Ihey are
Ike sgarm OF insuierable mosquitoes. which II i m'
uosbe s disperse or 70 get rid Of They appear, alarm,
arry of prisoners, ana disappear before they can
be pIrsued--tO appear in a short time again As no
other uaiiUn has rreguars they can never De met
on Ike ground. The French, IN l-l2-l5-li, complain
I'd Of Ills Mind of warfare than OF anything else
lie Cossacks service the most faithful and the
unst thoroughly ODedient, shreWd and cunning OF
soldiers thus he is used for missions OF trust or
dagger Nearly every commander OF larger or smal-
Ter detachment COssacks about his person ana AZ MS
disposal They remarkable for great personal cour'
age They viii often penetrate ehanded where no
other soldier dare venture ami thus they are oi excel
lent use la gathering and procuring Information ABOUT
the movements of the enemy. They equip themselves,
receive almost 10 Pay during the war; With II possible
sometiB a Tafitn Tor man AID horse. Bdt genefaly
they thrown on their own resources ana INDUSTRY Tor
their io,d
This gives general idea OF the Russian armed force
1t ,rorg undoubtedly for the defensive bur d; Is utter
IS impossible t. throw these masses ON Europe. with
cut mentioning tie penury ot the treasury rs on war
footing the pay nearly quadrupiec-to gather them 10
gCtECT az abl point within the frontier would nave the
same erect destruction by locusts Tor many hun
cred miles. The same would take place IN ease oi
war between rance and Russa-the army OF ne Gar
should enter Germany even friendly country. All
would be- destruction aud des0laton with friend as well
as wrh oe he region thus rayersed would D. remind
&C not of Napoleon. butt swarn OF Ata me more dis
ciued bit the FAKE II existence and sepreserya-
ton Obliged 10 DESTROY and walOW all the resources
within then reach For such impossible invasion OF
EuIole. he Russian might be- divided utO t"O
Ibus. one entering Prussia and the other Austria BIt
such iryasous IN the present state OF The world are I'M
pcs Li;ies Masses will be raised against masses, the
IN tv fi IN
uoursh the enemy, and Whatever may be- the hborn gal
lauiry # the Russian rClder-Nap0eon admired Ito
army in the world can be- forever lnyInci5le.
Tie drill Of these forces is perhaps, the best existing
in Europe But possibly they orerdrllled. Those
acquainted with tie mysteries OF the military profession
pretend that in the Ing of the infantry as well as OF the
artillery the principal object Is quick discharge, so
quick that neither the soldiers nor gnners are able to
tske good aim and thus IN battle out OF the immense
nun Der of shots comparatively few are destructive.
The Amy Is formed by means Of cOnscupuon out of
the sXed classes Of the population: such merchants
czenburgLers, aItlzans, Horhien Tree peasants ana
seiis From al these the common spldery are derived
IT'D e exceptions OF the youth belonging 10 the priv
il, go class OF merchants and others or who lke"se
Cn account OF privilege have received higher educa
tiou 10 public hmtut sucn a. the Gymni'la
Universities. comuOner can rise only t. the grade
of sergeant 4 very extraordinary distinction IN time
Of may push hin the barrier and make him an
,hce- with possibility oi further preiermenr. I'm tine
a peace twelve years OF service aud capacity ca
mise tie son o q burgier to the grade 0t oiic
Tie grades 81. Leuenaufs and Captains confer personal
nobility and WIKI that of Major il becomes hereditary
IS has beeH mentioned ia previous article the pup
ic se-yiceIs obligatory for the nobility From t eX-
cusycy are derived the body Of officers in tue army,
While The nobility a.one have access 10 rhe civil service
Tie choice between TIE two is free for any noblenin,
but Tie military service las the precedeHc! NOBLE
nan never De- Gins Bis .reer as Common soldier.
Numerous and various military e-tao sAnents Tor every
hild of military education. 10 which the mobiles arr a-
most ey admit cd. prepare the youth from
childhood practically as well Theoretically. The
CcuCaion consists o. all the sciences connected with the
military art aId With its highest branches; the rench
larcusee Russian ltcaturs, history national and uni
1efsal geography. ere 4 cadet having gone though
all he classes the army with the grade Of second
li,utenant Z hose who have been educated in cl-Il
e.. al ,bmeuts eymnasia and unyt entering
voiul-eers, age admitted IS eEssBs and cadets. They
wear le UNIFORM oi Tie common soldiers, but with lace;
exempted, as al mobiles from corporal punish
neut and a. SON as tlc5 master the rudimeuts Ofthe
service, they become officers. Any n0bleman who mas
once become officer = at liberty 70 abandon the
service az his viii Tor the common soldier the ODllga
tory tine of service from ID 20 - !ears Once Il
VS. for lie.
lie age Of recruit is between l. and - years The
node Of RECRUITING is as follows: IN imperial uAase or
Gers example that three souls ont % every hhdrej,
according toth- lac, census are 30 be- added % the army
Tie general olcal ii domination o. tn- taxed popl.1-
ton 10 the c,nsus 10 all administrative legal aud jld
,.l concerns o. that Of sous. ILu- .ar4 properly
isNaU,d Lot acco' ding O. tie number col acres bII a.
corliug to rt4' of tie souls recorded ID o. census
not tie price OF rhe land but tbs. of Tie SOIL iJms
,t- yb.Uc For instance: man owns l. luJ or l.plO
souls. his is the Legal valuation contrasts All all
t,ruueits Tie uk1se marks the time when through
fr rL,ir empire certain part al lr, tie recruits
ole O.. b. levied aud presented n each county - spec