davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1853-01-24

,TREET DEPARTMENT, NO. 4 HALL OF RECORDS
Public Notice is hereby given that the following petit
have been presented in the Board Of Assistant Alder
INTO Gag sidewalk northerly side of Seventh street.
tween avenues and d. TO flag sidewalks in Thirty
nth street. between Second and Third avenues. Also
following resouton:-To flag space four feet wide
sidewalks in Thirty third street, between Eighth and
nth avenues. All persons interested and having obec-
thereto requested to present them in writing Ito
undersigned or before the 18th day of january inst
Ian. IL 1853. JAMES FURY. Street Commissioner
The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1853-01-24

(tASH ADVANCED ON SEGARS WATCHES JEWEI.RY,
~ and merchandise generally; also personal property
of almost every kind $50 segars for SALE cheap Money
to loan improved real estate Houses and lots for sale
and to let Apply at No. Is Clinton Court Office No.
13 Beekmnn street Nassau.
The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1853-01-24

DANVARD'S PILGRIMAGE TO JERUSALEM AND THE
ID Holy Land is now open, at the and spacious
Georama, in Broadway adjoining the Metropolitan Hotel
and continued every evening Painted from authentic
extensive tour undertaken expressly for the works Mr.
B. win explain the paintings personally. Picture
at TX; and on Wednesday and Saturday afternoons at
O'Clock. Admission, so cents; children half price,
The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1853-01-24

KIN BROADWAY.-''LOOK ON THIS PICTURE AND
ClO then thatn-Shakspeare. The beautiful
natural Venus and Adonis exhibiting at $40
Broadway between Broome and Spring streets where they
are to be from A. NJ until 10P NJ, previous to
their through the United States They may be looked
at by the most astlious, without obscene thought
rem not admitted. Ladies' day on Thursday.
The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1853-01-24

1NRCUS-NEW YORK AMPEITIHATRE, NO. 81 BOW
~ ery.-R. Sands h Co., Proprietors Monday evening"
January "a First night of Mons LaThorne the
ball deEyer Master Jesse Sands in his unrvaed Trick
Act elegant scene of equestrisnism by Miss Emma Ma
thans Mr. C. Fisher in daring feats the flying corde
Gymnastics, Dancing and Trick Ponies, &C. 10 conclude
with the ballet of SHOEAAKERS SHOP IN AN UPROAR.
The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1853-01-24

~ SEE THIRD PAGE. %
CORPORATTON WOTTC

CORPORATION NOTTCE-PUBILC NOTICE Is HEREBY
~ given, that resolution has been presented in the
Board OF Aldermen to reset curb and gutter and flag side
walks In Walker street liz feet easter from the
the BOwery Persons interested having objections 10
he sane desired to present them in writing at the
street Commissioners Office by the oath day Of jan
ary last. JAMES FUREY, Street Commissioner.
L Street Dopartment Jan IA 1853,
The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1853-01-24

WILL SHORTLY OPEN, OWENS GRAND AIPnH
w Entertainment and ascent of Mont Blanc ilustra-
ted with series of magnificent and gigantic paintings
from drawings taken on the spot, at enormous ex-
pense; together with highly humorous and interesting
description of men and the continent and
the Alpine regions, by John T. Owens, Esq., the wen
known and popular comedian. Full particulars will short
ly be announced,
The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1853-01-24

NOR SOUTHAMPTON AND HAvRE.-THE UNITED
II States mail steamship FRANKLIN, J. A. Wotton
commander will leave for Havre touching at Southamp
ton to land the mails and passengers Saturday. Feb
H. at II o'clock from Pier No North river. Price of
passage, $l2o Luggage not wanted during the voyage
should be sent board the day before sailing marked
Below" No merchandise will be received on board
after Thursday Feb TO- For freight passage apply to
MORTIMER LIVINGSTON, Agent No. SO Broadway.
The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1853-01-24

~ MENA AND CHICAGO UNION RAILROAD COMPA
~ ny.-Notce TO- Observation-Disclosures is hereby
given to the stockholders Of the Third Division Of the
Galena and Chicago Union Railroad Company that
instalments have been called upon the capital stock
subscribed for the construction of said Third Dyi-
sion payable at the office Of the Treasurer of said
company, in Chicago, follows :-On the 18th day Of
March next ten per cent each share the 10Th day
April next ten per cent each share the l4th day
Of May next five per cent each share BY order Of
the Board Of Directors. w. N. LARRABEE Secretary.
Chicago January 10. 1853
The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1853-01-24

INTEREST ON CITY sTOCKS-THE INTEREST ON THE
public stocks Of the city of New York. due and pay
able February 1st 1863 will DO paid ON that day by r.
W. Edmonds, Esq Chamberlain Of the city, at the Me-
chancs' Bank No. % Wall street. The transfer books
will be closed Friday, JAM IL at three o'clock Pm For
permitted during the period the books closed 70
A. c. FLAGG, Comptroller.
Comptroller's Ofioe New York Jan. I, 1859
The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1853-01-24

ITO DAGUERREOTYPIS1S SrEELWoRKERS, DEN.
i fists, reworkers glassmakers &c.-Bromine iodine,
chloride gold, byposulphde soda, cyanide potassium,
Vienna lime English rouge, crocus marts, patina, in
plate and wire; bismuh refined nickel cadmium pala-
dium nitrates sronta and barya chorate potash oxide
cobalt oxide manganese zare suboxde copper Thoras'
extract copaiya, fumgating pastes, &C. for sale by
L. FEUCHrWANGER, 141 Maiden Lane.
The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1853-01-24

NOR NORFOLK, PETERSBURG, AND RICHMOND
yendy commander will sail from pier 49, North river on
Saturday January 29h at p NJ For freight, apply on
board, and for passage to
The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1853-01-24

nR COOPER, IA DUANE STREET BETWEEN CHA.
~ than and William streets, where he has pract ed
for the last twenty three years Office hours from A.
NJ. to 0 p NJ. n. B.-See my medical and surgical H.
ploma in my Office.
The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1853-01-24

CORPORATION NOTICE-PUBLIC NOTICE IS HEREBY
given, that o petition has been presented in the
GARD Of Aldermen for In First street. from ave-
to the Bowery. All persons interested in the above
be same writing to the Contract Clerk at this Office
O or before the oath Of January inst.
NICHOLAS DEAN, President.
Croton Aqueduct Department, Jan. IA, 1858.
The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1853-01-24

VNTANTED-A TWO STORY BASEMENT AND ATTIC
w brick house. in the neghborhood Of East Broadway
Possession on the LIST Of February. Apply to W. s. JAR
Wis, 208 Elm street.
The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1853-01-24

BROADWAY Observation-Disclosures ALBONTS BENE-
ID fit, Tuesday, January 20.
MADAME MARIETTA AIBONI
has the honor of Benefit and last ap
pearance but two will take place Tuesday evening next
which occasion she will appear in Rossni's opera Of
la CENERENTOIA, with selections from LU0REZIA
BORGIA
The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1853-01-24

Saloon 800, $685. and sos, according state rooms
limited number of third class passengers win be
aken and found with comfortably cooked provisions for
$40. :....;:t TO Liverpool $50; from Liverpool
Parties wishing to bring out their friends, obtain
certificates of passage, and drafts the Bank of Ireland
in sums from FL sterling upwards. Hand bills DO
had at the Office of THOMAS RICHARDSON, agent, No.
Exchange place.
The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1853-01-24

They all first class New York built ships provided
with all requisite articles for the comfort and convenience
Of passengers and commanded by men Of experience in
the trade The price of $780, without wines or
liquors. Goods sent to the subscribers viii be forwarded
free from any charges but those actually incurred.
BOYD l. HINCKEN, Agents, 164 Pearl street
The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1853-01-24

IMMENSE SUCCESS OF NINE. SONTAG IN LUCRERIA
4 BORGIA.-Choce seats the first and second BENCH
and twelve together the fh for sale at GIMBREDES
No. Metropolitan Hotel.
The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1853-01-24
HOUSES, ROOMS, ETC, WANTED.

AxOOSTzo, 1SOO1NA5, nzAOs, WANIEDs
4 HOUSE WITH WORKSHOPS ATTACHED, IN ANY
IA Of the avenues in New York, is wanted-rent not t
exceed $500. Address J. j., 81 Luquere street, Sout
BROOKLYN.
The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1853-01-24

T1RANKIIN MUSEUM, 17b CHATHAM srREEr.-GDO.
II Lea, Proprietor-fhe above establishment Ia spen
every afternoon at O'Clock, and in the evening at half
past7 for the purpose Of Classic and Original Represen
tatons Of Living Satuary by Mile Casinets Troupe Of
Model Artists together with variety Of beautiful per-
formances For further particulars bills Of each day.
Admison-Seats in private boxes 50 ccnts stage seats
with cushioned arm chairs, 37 cents; boxes u sents
gallery, 12h cents.
The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1853-01-24

CHRIsTY's OPERA HOUSE, NO. AZ BROADWAY
~ above Grand street-Open every night during the
week under the sole direction and personal supervision
Of Chrsty whose concerts in this city, for the past
nix years. have been received with favor by highly
spectacle and fashionable audiences Tickets rs cents
Doors open at OK; to commence at TX O'Clock.
The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1853-01-24

nR. WARD GRADUATE OF THE UNIVERSITY or
IL Ednburgh.-Hours, from o'clock A. M, to .
O'Clock P. NJ On Sundays from 10 to IL A. NJ and from
to in the evening Office Canal street. door from
Broadway, up stairs
The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1853-01-24

DARNUMS MUSEUM.-TOM THUMB FOR ONE WEEP
ID In his dramatic efforts-3londay afternoon, at
O'Clock, Tom Thumb and HIS LAST LEGS. At in tn,
evening, HOP o. MY THUMB the popular musical extra
yaganza, in two acts, and the DOUBLE BEDDED ROOM
The Pet6ed Horse and his Rider and other curosites
are all to be Admission to the whole Museum, &c.
cents; Parquet and First Balcony 12I cents extra.
The daily comet. [volume] (Baton Rouge, La.) 1850-1856, 1853-07-23
Vente de Succession.

Dams raFaire de la succession de JAoUE
MoREAU, DECIDE No. 3o9 Preuves. Cour
du Sixieme District Observation-Disclosures
PEst Baton Rouge.
I'm vERTU dune commission lance dams
u raffaire de la susdite succession, ct a
moi adresse par Honorable Ia Cour du six
ieme district Juaiciaire dams ct pour la Pa
roisse ct Etat susdite J'exposerai en- vente
pnbliqne. a la porte de la maison de Cour
dc Ia dite paroisse, dams Ia vile de Baton
Rouge, 80.
Jeudi, le lime jour a. don't, 1853,
a IL heures du matin, la propriete ci-apres
NOMINEES, appartenanta la susdite succession
SAVIOR: UN terrain de terre situe dams Get
lie partie de la vile de Baton Rouge, arpen-
te par lie defeu Richard Devall, mesurant
&c pieds de face sur la rue lafayette, par 80
de profondeur, Giant la partie sud dn terrain
No. IL. de l'iIet No. 2, avec toutes les hati-
mems qni sly trouvans. Condition de la
vente--CoMpTANr. H V. BABIN.Y
luillet7 Sheriff.
The daily comet. [volume] (Baton Rouge, La.) 1850-1856, 1853-07-23

succession Sale.

In the matter of the succession Of JAouE
MoRxAu, dec'd.-lNo. 300 Probatel 9th
Judicial District Court, Parish Of East
Baton Rouge, La.
DY VIRTUE OF commission issued IN
ID the above succession. and to me dir
ected from the hon. Sixth Judicial District
Court, in and for the Parish and State afore-
said, I will expose at public sale at the
Court House door, Of said Parish, in the
city Of Baton Rouge, on -
Thursday the 18th day Of August next
A., D, 1853, at II O'Clock, A. N. the pro
perty hereinafter Get forth, and described,
belonging 70 the aforesaid succession--to
wit: ~.
A lot Of ground situated in that part Of
the city of Baton Rouge, laid out by the
late Richard Devall, measuring thirty SIX
feet front on Lafayette steet by ninety IN
depth, being the Southern part Of Lot No.
IL, of Square No. 2, with all the buildings
and improvements therein. Terms Of sale
cash. Iiuly II H. v. BABIN, Sheriff.
The daily comet. [volume] (Baton Rouge, La.) 1850-1856, 1853-07-23
Pennansllip.

DARENTS and Teachers are invited to
L call at J. C. LANOUE'S. Harvey
Honse Row to examine the Philosophical
Theory and Pvrtice of Penmanship.
Tine Theoryis divided into three parts,
Primary, intermediate AID Final. Each part
in Four Books.
This work comprises cuts designed to
illustrate the manner Of holding and conduct
ing the hand and pen; preparatory excer-
cises. which thoroughly train the muscles
employed in writing classification of let
tiers and words according to their simil-
arity of formation, and instructions accom-
panying the various exercises in each book
The whole so arranged as to enable the pu-
pits to write over each page twice. Price
IS cents may12.
The daily comet. [volume] (Baton Rouge, La.) 1850-1856, 1853-07-23
neIavs are dangerOIls.

Why suffer with acough, cold or any dis
w ease of the Throat, Breast and Lungs
when certain cure is SO easily effected by
using
eWIsTERs HouRHorND CANDY"
This Medicine is a judicious combination
Of the best expectorants in the Materia Med
lea. The most stubborn Coughs and Colds
yield to it readily, and it is found to give re-
lief even in confirmed cases of Consumption.
tits not merely palliative, as many articles Of
its nature, but possesses great curative quail
tiles For sale by VIM. BOGEL Agent.
The daily comet. [volume] (Baton Rouge, La.) 1850-1856, 1853-07-23
NOTICE.

NOTICE.
THE Members of the Can't Get Away
l. Club, are notified that the President
to afford them some amusement and ex-
element, has ordered the undersigned Sec
rotary of the Club to get up Splendid
Rattle In compliance with the above
order | will rattle as soon as all the chances
are taken, FOUR SPLENDID OIL PAINTINGS.
valued at ninety dollars, two prizes, As
chances at SO per chance -n
The members sre notified that the list
is now ready, and to call immediately to
name their chances. Persons wishing to
join the club are notified that the purchase
Of ticket will entitle them to membership
Tickets to be had only from the Sect'y.
BY order of the President.
july 9th J. C. LANOUE. SEcr'v.
The daily comet. [volume] (Baton Rouge, La.) 1850-1856, 1853-07-23
GENTLEMENs FURNISHING STORE.
G.. A. lion. e 9

Lafayette Street.
a IL the Clothing in this establishments
"A made to order-of FRESH NATE
RL1LS and FASHIONABLE Pat.
TERMS. OF this fact, the public may feel
satisfied. It h an economy to buy such
goods, in preference to slop shop work vend.
ed at whatare wrongly denominated "CheaI
Stores" The stock now on hand consists
in complete assortment of Spring and
Summer Clothing.-To which is daily be
ing added every thing new and beautiful
10 Gentlemen are invited to call and ex
anime for themselves. may BY.
The daily comet. [volume] (Baton Rouge, La.) 1850-1856, 1853-07-23
Hat and Cap store.

THE undersigned respectfully informs
i his friends and the public generally.
that he has opened HAT and CAP STORE
where he has Just received fresh stock,
consisting in part of MEN and BORIS fine
Silk, Pearl. Cassimers, Angolas. Russia
Beavers, Rush, Mexican, Black and Pearl
Cassimers Moteloes, Paris, Leghorns, Rut-
land, Planters, Camperchy and California
Hats, &C., &c. Call and examine them.
A. N. BOOTH.
In the store Of Quiggins' Lafayette
street. 4 june 10 ly.
The daily comet. [volume] (Baton Rouge, La.) 1850-1856, 1853-07-23

TEAS! TEAS THE largest and
l. best stock of pure Green and Black
Teas in Baton Rouge lie that kept by Joshua
Beal. Prices for same ran re from fifty
ceots to one dollar and half per pound.
and can be had from single quater pound
package, to one of sixty.
N. B. ''rhat Emperiar' which | have
been promising to my regular customers
for the last ten days, HAS come to hand.
July 18th. JOSHUA BEAL.
The daily comet. [volume] (Baton Rouge, La.) 1850-1856, 1853-07-23
70 CONTRACTORS.
Office Baton Rouge and Clinton Plank |
Road Company 6


Office Baton Rouge and Clinton Plank
Road Company
BARON RorGE july 9th 1883
Sealed proposals will be received at this
Office or through the Post Office until We'd
nesday the 18th day of August next for the
,,itching graduation and bridging of the first
two sections ofthe road, commencing at the
point where the road intersects the Corpo.
rrtlon limits Of Baton Rouge and extending
eight miles in Che direction to Clinton, each
section embracing for miles.
Proposals and profles are ready for in
spection at the Office of the company, and
the character and extent Of the work can
be fully comprehended by passing along
the road and observing the level of embark
ment as marked upon the stakes by the
Engineer Of the road. Bids will be receiv-
ed for one or both sections, and proposals
will state the time that contracts shall be
completed. Testimonials as to the charac-
ter and ability of the contractors to perform
the work, will be required of pesons un-
known to the officers Of the company.
July l4td. WM. S. PIKE, Pres't.
The daily comet. [volume] (Baton Rouge, La.) 1850-1856, 1853-07-23
NOTICE.

PROPOSALS will be received to the
L 18th inst, for the necessary repairs to
be made on the Bridge near Mi. Roberts.l Il
miles from Baton Rouge. Specification
can be seen by calling on B. Williams or
Seth Davis. The contract to be aiudicatde
to the lowest bidder, and a bond of five
hundred dollars exacted for TIE faithful Pc
Torrance of same. Hour of ajudication 10
o'clock M. at the Bridge. BY order Of CON-
nissioners.
B. WILLIAMS, Clerk.
Comite, 9Th July 1853.
The daily comet. [volume] (Baton Rouge, La.) 1850-1856, 1853-07-23
To Planters and others.

T WOULD beg leave to call your atten-
i ton now, and at the opening of the
coming season to my large and exceedingly
cheap stock of Domestic Dry Goods which
Notwithstanding the heavy advance of DOM
estes, and every class Of negro wear, am
enabled to sell at low prices; arm now re-
ceiving and will continue to receive week
ly through the season fresh supplies Of No.
l Goods ofthis class, all ask is call
mar 29.y w. d. PHILLIPS.
The daily comet. [volume] (Baton Rouge, La.) 1850-1856, 1853-07-23
Election Notice.
STATE OF LOUISIANA-PnriSh
af Eo ek Rutoa Roaxnp

A N election will be held on Saturday the
N 23d day of July 1853, being the 4th
Saturday of said month, to he held at the
house of Mrs. rownsand in the plains, and
to be presided by the Ward commissioners
fer said Ward for the purpose Of electing
a Justice of the Peace and Constable for
said Ward. No A. BY order Of THOMAS
DEvALL. President of the Police Jury.
July 9th 1853. H. Y. BABIN, Sheriff
The daily comet. [volume] (Baton Rouge, La.) 1850-1856, 1853-07-23
NOTICE.

PROPOSALS will be received at
l. the office Of the subscriber, until
Thursday the 2lst inst, for cutting, clear
ing and grubbing all trees aud underground
on Magnolia Cemetery, TO Arperts,l ex-
ce2t such trees as shall be reserved by the
Board. Specific information can be obtain.
ed by calling on the undersigned.
w. F. TUNNARD.
iuly iAM Chairman Board Trustees
The daily comet. [volume] (Baton Rouge, La.) 1850-1856, 1853-07-23
A CARD.

LADIES' KID GLOVES AT COST.
7 HAVE on hand large assortment of
i Ladies' Kid Gloves of all colors and
sizes which am prepared to sell at cost.
april 20. w. D. PHILLIPS.
The daily comet. [volume] (Baton Rouge, La.) 1850-1856, 1853-07-23
Notice.

Notice.
TINE Louisiana Institution for Mutes and
i Blind, on st. Ferdinand street, Baton
Rouge, is open for visitors from 10 to IL o.
clock, A. M, each day, Sundays only excep-
ted. feb.-Stf
The daily comet. [volume] (Baton Rouge, La.) 1850-1856, 1853-07-23
Germs Cured and NO Humbug.

THE original Three Minute salve will
l. effectually remove and cure Whorts,
Moles, Corns, letter, Salt Rhenm, Ring
Worm and Toothache in from to 10 min
utes. Fnll directions accompany each vial
call Immediately before it is all sold.
april II. VIM BOGEL, Druggist.
The daily comet. [volume] (Baton Rouge, La.) 1850-1856, 1853-07-23
Map OF Louisiana.

Popular School Books.
T c. LANOCE, Harney House rom has
y. Just received direct from the publish
ers complete assortment of the most pop
i,lar school books. Consisting in part of
Webster's spelling book; Websters speller
and definer; McGufey's spelling book.
READERS.
McGufFel's Series: Towers Series of
Gradual Readers: N. American LIST 2nd
class do; lfs
Smiths New Grammar; Towers Grad
ual lissons in do.
BIOGRAPHIES.
Smiths 1st book; Smiths q,r,rto or 2nd
book; Smiths Geography and Atlas Mitch
els Primary Geography; Mitchels School
do; Morses quarto do.
ARIrHMETIcs.
Colburne's Mental; Davise's Arithmetic !:
Smiths Introductory; Smiths Practical !;
Smiths New Arithmetic.
ALGEBRA.
Davise's LIST lessons; Davise's Bourbon
GEOMETRY.
Davise's Legendre.
?arley's History Goodriche's U. S;
Goodriche's England; Gurney's US.
RETHoRIc.
3oyd's Rethoric; Porter's RHETORICAL
Readers.
Philosophy, Phreno!ogy, Chemistry, &C.
ology, Botany &c. Also all the popular
Latin Books
The daily comet. [volume] (Baton Rouge, La.) 1850-1856, 1853-07-23
John M. Davies, Jones e. Co.
104 and LOG

WILLIAM ST, CUR. JUHN. N. Y.
IMPORTERS of Gentlemen's Furnishing
j Goods, Hosiery, Gloves, Sus enders.
Cravats, Scarfs, &c, selected in France,
England, and Germany, by one of the firm
resident in Europe, which ensures to pur-
chasers the newest and most desirable
goods in the line; also, manufacturers of
the celebrated Patent Shirts Stocks and
Ties 0: every description. Purchasers vii
find the stock well worthy their attention
july /. limo.
The daily comet. [volume] (Baton Rouge, La.) 1850-1856, 1853-07-23

PACON-5 casks shoulders. for sale NV
- lmay 16tl S. NJ. HART & Co.
The daily comet. [volume] (Baton Rouge, La.) 1850-1856, 1853-07-23

I ARD-in bbls, and kegs, for sale bv
IL lmay lstfl SIN. HART & Co.
New-York daily tribune. [volume] (New-York [N.Y.]) 1842-1866, 1853-03-28

to forget that Collector at this port has du-
tee to perform which require sternness st his
hsnds-that be is not paid S6,4Oo per annum
to act as the accomplice Of smugglers aud un-
derswearers, but to resist, expose and defeat
their Vaccinations Mr.. Maxwell's admins
tration has not been faultless, but he might
have been more popular BY being less faithful
to bis daty. The men who mainly do business
at the Custom House have personal interests
adverse to those of the Millions who elect Pres
idents and actually pay the duties let not the
latter class be sacrificed to the former.