The Hillsdale standard. [volume] (Hillsdale, Mich.) 1851-1909, 1853-02-01

confederated themselves when they became
| independent of Spain, and established repub-
lie called tho Federal Republic of Central A
morica. In the convulGNns of that region,
that union has been dissolved, but the. name
acquired by it still hangs around those States,
and they, and they alone, are the States des.
scribed politically in books, Biographies, and
otherwise, as the Estates of Central America
Now did tho Convention use tho name of
Central America in its geographical sense, of
did they use 1t in political sense? Certainly
in its political sense.
| For, lst. If they used it in its geographi&
sense, that it may as we'll be insisted that the
Convention embraces all between and 20
| deg. of N, lat; and this would be to make il
embrace part of the United States, which
| would be absurd.
3D. Ilh geographical Central America,
whether broad or narrow embraces the region
which contain the thTeeJ celebrated passages
| from ocean TO ocean, viz, Panama.. Nicaragua
and Tehanntepec: and If that be the sense in
which the name "Central America" IL used in
the Convention, and the stipu.ations are al
ready made between the two nations for the
construction and maintenance of canals and
railway passages across all these rontes. But
the Convention, on tho contrary, expressly con-
fines its care to the Nicaragua route and post
pones to future day the making of stipula-
anna and Tehauntepec.
/ 3D. The use of the term "Central American
States in the 9th Art, is equivalent 10, and IL
lustrates the meaning ofthe term Central A
mefica in the lst Art.
4th, The Convention in describing the terri
tory which is to bc made neutral names two of
the Central American States in tho vicinity OF
tho Canal--Nicaragua and Costa Rica-and
then adds, cor any part of Central America"
a.. IL II. sl,ak Dnltt
trail America that was intended.
1t was then not Geographical but Political
Central .4merica that was included in the Con-
vention, aud so the Hon. Senators must have
understood it when they approved II, unless we
| suppose them To- have been so ndifferently in
formed that their opinions were of no value,
which is not to be supposed for a moment
! Fourthiy. l shall endeavor TO convince those
fTor. Senators that their memories are still
further at fault, and that ,ohen they approved
i The Contention they did not understand al to in
Glide British Honduras, or the Bdlize and its
dependencies. ,chich are &c same.
Like "Central America" the name "Hondu-
ras" has also a geographical sense and polite
al sense. Geographical Honduras is all Hon.
dnras. from the borders of Salvador to tho Car
rbean Sea, and includes Spanish Honduras
and British Honduras, just the Yn1he Vir-
ginia long time stood for the whole Atlantic
border. from Carolina to Canada But polti-
cal Honduras is the ancient province of Span
ish Honduras, ns it was when II separated from
| Spain and became the State of Honduras, and
entered the Federal Republic Of Central A.
mericn, and as ii came ont of the Federal Re-
public of Central America, and as it came out
of the Federal Republic on its dissolution and
has il has remained hitherto and is now, the
State of Honduras. And that State, in every
book sn Geography, md on every map, and in
everv atlas, is divided and separated from Brit
ish Honduras, just as plainly and as broadly
MS Kentucky is divided from Virginia or Ala
bama from Georgia; while British Honduras is
in every such bo and atlas, marked and de-
signated with the Islands before mentioned. as
British colony, known by tho name of Brit
ish Honduras and sometimes by the name of
Balize know, indeed. that Spain insisted to
| the last that Great Britain had only a partial
and limited right Of occupancy: but know al
so. that Spain still claims all CentrSL America,
and all Mexico and all South America, and
even Texas. know that tho State Of Hondu-
ras~et up the pretensions of Spain. and still in
sisis upon them. do not say that they are
not lust shall be clad if they prove so: but
l know also, that Great Britain equally claims
to her own British Honduras by absolute right,
and that, although she has two or three times
been occasionally dispossessed in tho varying
fortunes of war, she has so claimed it since
1867, and has held it undisturbed since 1888,
the period of our own acknowledged indepen-
dence. The Balize is British town of $500
people, and with its adjacent territory is col
ony for near 200 years, governed by British
authority, and occupiei by British garrison.
II is issticaly connected with the British
Diocese of Jamaica and from 1S47 10 1850 the
United States maintained a consul there who,
with their consent received his erequatur from
the Ceurst Of St. James. In short practically
u the BaIize is as much British town; and Brit
ish Honduras as much British colony, prac-.
tically, and TO tho knowledge Of the whole
world. as Quebec .And Canada, Now. who
leupposes that Great Britain intend sYe-
Tnounce that tow, fort and colorfy1Uhder the
vague and equivoesl name Of "any part of
Central American No one. Who supposes
that the United States stipulated for such re-
nunciaion in terms so vague and uncertain:-
No one. tits not so that Great Britain resigns,
or the United States takes dominion. Tho
term "any part of Central America" then did
not then include British Honduras, and so the
honorable Senators must have understood, II
they knew the political conduct of British Hon
4 duras. as have described it. That condition
was known here, for on the 10th of May, lS49
Senator stated in debate here. that four cont
panies of British troops had marched from the
Balze into Yucatan, and this was the act of
tne cOIOnlhi futnOIltltS VI oiVot D'iohH ~ e"O
Balize. And he who made that statement
Yves no other than the Hon. Senator from Mich
igan, (Mr. Cass
, Fyfthly. But waving, for arguments sake,
all the points thus far made, ! shall pext show
that the Senators were not ignorant OF the con-
structiou officially given by Mr. Clayton to
the Convention, until the 9th of January inst
when they proclaimed it as disclosure then
, obtained through the Presidents communica-
ton. The ratification was made on the 4th OF
July 1850. On the l4th of that month the
President transmitted to Congress commun-
/ cation which contained these words:
copy of the Treaty concluded between
, Great Britain and tho United States, in regard
TO Central America is herewith submitted. Its
engagements apply to all the five States which
| fnr.,. ri, nnrnrnsnd thu Rnnuhlic of Cont raj