Richmond enquirer. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1815-1867, 1853-11-08

~ III CohncciiH Win Clover by lar The most
VALUABLE cftiZcr ana that %. Tie ci!sl benefits VI 81.
ether applications 10 land is To bring III; soil no '''
condition, which will enable rl clover 10 act III
cr"''y eo"d clover crop contains with the exception u
Silica all VI the organic inorganic elements at a:Ge
whrht crop in When this secured the arnef has
M Tie oundiliuh for good wheat crops anu lur successful
| Improvement.
The Society will perceive that am urging course OF
practice, which has in view The accumulation oil organic
matter in the soil in the sPccdcst practicable time No OBJ
serving famer who has looked u the course 6" culture IN
this Stale from its first settlement be ignorant Of Tile
great loss OF organic matter that has cnsled ouccessvc
crops Of tobacco the virgin SOIL frequent repetition OF the
crops followed by wheat or OATS shallow Pohshnss
excessive grazing, with intervening ameorains crops
characterize The outline OF destructive system we look
back the past express vain regrets but to gather
instruction. Our purpose here not 10 scatter reproaccs ot
to the seed of knowledge, to stimulate by encourage.
menl and promise to the intelligent application oil LABOR
and industry the full fruilion Of success.
The vegetable matter the soil tends retain the soluble
saline matter and to keep from being washed away; .e
presence in considerable quantity bccOues desirable %eh
we wsh maintain a soil in high state OF fertility Inc
lands may be ploughed much deeper and c Injurious elects
of heavy rains considerable degree ooVlaie Inc most
nj the ferllizing elements sOGbemany ot them highly
80 Now The quantity OF wafer that lais on one acre '
Ind is one hundred for every inch in depth, or three
thousand tons for thirty inches the usual annual fall oi
water The solvent power Of ~ner aud ,he annual
quantity which as sufficiently certain Tor practical
rurposcs The injury resulting 10 the land will depend np""
II. condition. II tho land be protected by grasses Inc now
in. Of wafer over produces only beneficial elects HnG
i The whole theory Of irrigation ~ pacce TIC va
m If streams ia turned upon the meadows and made to
overflow them several weeks then turned oil Tor lew
,,I again turned upon them for two or three weeks ana ths
alternate hoodin. and dryln continued Tor several months,
M effect does not depend upon The sediment deposited by
the wafer though sediment Increases The elect waller With
ou, my percepublc sediment may be successfully
J The success depend upon the want OF water for rga-
onis practised England and ScotInd in the months Of
Da,nher and January when the soil ID saturated With wa
| Tor The conditions for that The land be tho
oupnly drained and the water be kept flowing aud not be
ncmtled to slnanatc-[ Lows Practical Ag. 81 Tie
ung of water lands protected by grasses whether from
i Strains or showers mast be regarded as beneficial
LAM
mattel ploughed shallow left unprotected By covers and
grasses heavy rains be feared As yon deepen The
@ oaI increase the quantity of vegetable matter less and
less iury results until you reach the extent Of modern i'm
nroy,lenls The practice OF suhIui!ng and lille drainng
Then We informed when The land is thoroughly drained
and SUBSIDIZED thai the rain sinks where tails and naks
lis way through three feet OF sni before escapes il is
qaesnn whether in ordinary circumstances il will carry
law ay mch Than IL brings with II from The air I'd
10 ua Jor Az 1919 592 Prot. Johnston II the quantity
which il atried into The n drains was apprrcahc analy.
s wuuleect the quantity and solve the doubt; and such
g Ia nuesn would have been stated matter OF
doubt by distinguished chemist as Professor Johnson
This furnhes striking illustration OF The absorbent
s of the oil Of The organic matter contained in it, What
ever crng ingredients The rain water may dissolve when
h liz sinks tile drains, the soil has absorbed them
comprlcy.s leave doubtful whether The waller carries
AWAY more han fell from the clouds. What stronger evil
ence can furnished in favor uf thorough draining and
Icep plOueing Tic applied on such sp be-
ones I'd permanent, until consumed ny successive
n crops. =.
The land soud be gradually broken deeper with the un
ing plough fertility increases In stll clay soils early
fail WineplUuphing advisable III Orlcr 10 OBTAIN Inc
puverizng ucnCc Of osts and iref zes 10 expose the
CREATES, amon surface to the action of The air the fur
slice sho Id incline az practicable at an angle OF
Is dcg-and procure this inclination the depth cut should
be ,wu-thds the widIh-or In the proportion OF eight
j. inches deep olwcye wide Lows Practical Agriculture
Is 2lS) Ii III urruw be- too wide Tor lis depth will l'r
100 lt and ovrIar and deep for 'a width ii will be
Ou near v.cl AMI will fall back into the lnrow A,s1
IN accuracy umnO be practically attln:d bu an expert
r need pluugllnn will SOON harm To sulsc his plough when
!, he correct principles understood In pioushing matches
r nc English exact and positive in prescribing tile depth
IF The plounhin and the with OF The 'urow slice even ~
e H an inck ar insist upon uniform width throughout The
h whole ~: 0lenans European Agriculture, vol i5i)
p This is one the great operations Of hnshanay, upon
which SUCCESS mainly depends aud that practical accuracy
has beeiaaned should DC tln up Us sahuaia oI
tc mita ur.
., jag is far Important in sparse population where anr
:, is hinh Than c.,sc pOpualon where IL is cheap WIN
ii las labor ig aud agricultural products comparatively
81 cheap. The lio BIZ marc cl'rary ird ana may pc
cNlcisiyrl and judi ius isd Hence all I" tose o
o. lection. Tor thorough prcplraJ n the land hy the plough
and harrow. strongly pressed by Intelligent farmers 10
n nse popHlltor' apply win lar greater ofss VS.
II labor saving, VII c have rendered 20 conspicuous TIC
r. live genius vi or nrClInles.
- in extensive .yions Of The State the soil has become
pr much exhausted by scunrGing cultivation That improve
The OF the farm il slow ana Gscou
in aging under direction d" experience ana ldRrnl
~. Tie disappointment Of sangune hopes often Guns ' GU
OF young men and dsnsts them "Ii inc ti1flS
y atmpcvcnrn IN. foundation lnr more RAPID improve
ne may BIZ JWdiconsy laid in The use vi sn'o anu '
spiaI nanuTcs They powerful auAihfcs Ia inc iC-
i rias nr The 70 rm in its rapid Improvement Though not per
n,anent npovcrs Of themselves they furnish HE materials
=, n a,ruw and clover continued improvement when
! sed ,r the purpose Improvement very lsht grazing
ueh TO follow until the land Is 81 far supplied win organic
re natter bear The loss by grazing Tic use OF s"e''
a nanufcs is always beneficial IN connection WIZ M
j. ures Of the ial-( Noruus Elements lhi rahsac'"hS
~ Inc Highland Agricultural Society l717'l9 Special
y ,nurcs ~ The elect OF special manure, Is to cause
u ayv nroducon without supplying all The ingredients
n ach the crops need, and unless amcorahs crops ncu
re vegetable litter bc supplied, exhaustion ol me Ina,
M
=, weld heavy and Profitable returns as suan": hc
d uares potaeh and soda the compounds Of anhohla
70 sDhate of soda-and those substances in combination win
Is vglous series OF very carefully conducted rS
. ppiments with large number OF special n,anurcs enora
"a cs the ganos will he found detailed In me
10 of me Highland Agricultural Society !Sio-19 i""y ic
commend the use OF all top dressings 10 The gram crops
1f obst the middle Of The spring bring them 10 he %e
p of Society Tie farmers generally nave otem ard
e urcnre euan0 time for in sowing their ~hea unu
N be is every believe that sPhng top dressing
4. as uuable application IA any oEer A.,
10 addition The value OF euano as on auNhay ~ VI"
a movement OF the ,nd may be probably used on az
lana: of moderate fertility. Al least snch Is me rsu ~
my observation and experience II hastens 'he man'y :"
D. the aud tobacco CROP and ms may nc iGg :,
j. Of IL valuable qualities. When applied TO tobacco pro-
" ducr: marked improvement on the wheat crop 'a ,',
l., lows-very little nieror to the direct hpp'ca"'" " "
r. whei. ,,,-,o,,t ., tho
II Ie are large the State peculiarly 10 me
ctop # has been generally rgarnEa rs u"
;. haus,np CROP and this may be The usual cnIcH 'c' p
fs not the necessary effect crop oil one lnohSan" @
es( tobacco which may be regarded as fair crop from one
:, acre contains only Pound and hall OF me 81
lime seven of maalc olime about Two oil the c"'nl""us
j. potash and no nagnee. Bos 1861 wheat crop r"a
an acre contains in hegran alone, twelve nonns "
Ioric ,ciL one lime four masnesa and seven o ola
! and soin- (ons 1861 The wheat crop eShrnss i ',
II for The soil the ohaccn crop, hui ni ,n;n
h iupedisps- hence succeeds go adniIaoy !" 00S
ID tobacco -, ,.;,,,,rro 20 tho 70.
suIt o general observation four loads OF Suns per acre
Will place the land in ht situation as n:ioIe M
y Th The four loads OF lung fum the chlsl Hem OF SI
4 Iurr that must be laid The tobacco crop anu io s
n re,snn the culture of ubatcu is most racuce' VI "ss
" 'cs where dung can Le obtained at low price, Even
for ,hl. small amount OF no inaGhesa an" Ty
Il small p,oporlion Of rhoephacs are coneumeu.
n rhc result observation thnse portions oil EUROPE VIII
tobacco cultivated, and where manires are ~
:. COLI, crd and have marketable while. u Is
,her that neither general observation nor Analysis
IS dcae this cxhnnstirg CROP and where Wv
Inws lis culture il may t. traced 10 neglect OF hjuo'u
II, over Grouping by the planter. II moi crop I"a ~ i
compabc with rapid Improvement nor prohtaolo HGo'
,ur,. and extensive districts of The Stale are Dele
p In II. cultivation than any other crnp-lhose iofnueoHs
whi,ll contain potash, but deficient III hme
and me phos pilates where the distance from Inc 'ne
stone formations render improvement 10y lime
oI,,nu niIpt