The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1853-05-23

Sue C1uS0 O 6o1ouco ana discovery, has been fully
attended TO- We have given in our editorial columns
the details of this expedition.
INLAND EXPLORING EXPEDITIONS.
While the demands Of commerce have stimulated
discoveries and expeditions on the ocean, the in.
crease of population and the extension Of our domain
have made no less necessary the exploration Of our
boundless territories At the time Of the first expe-
diton, emigration had reached beyond the waters Of
the Mississippi and it has steadily pursued its way,
until at present 1t dots with cities the shores Of the
Pacific. While our people enjoy these vast regions
of the West they should not forget those hardy pio
neers who periled their lives to explore those terrific
ries, and pointed out the way of empire.
GREY's DISCOVERY OF THE COLUMBIA RIVER.
The discovery of the Columbia river by Captain
Robert Grey although private enterprise, is vet
entitled, from its great Importance, to notice in
this article. On the 7th of May 1792 Captain Grey,
in the ship Columbia, from Boston, while cruising
along the Pacific coast, discovered the river Coum-
bia, to which he gave the name of his vessel This
discovery is of importance, because IT settled the
title of our government to that territory. After
wards, Lewis and Clark explored this river, and
passed the winters of 1906 and 1906 at its mouth
Thus we have an instance of the enterprise of a
single individual giving large expanse of territory
TO our Union.
EXPEDITION OF LEWIS AND cLABK.
The history Of the expedition of Lewis and Clark
across the Rocky Mountains, their perilous adyen-
lures and extreme suferings, form one Of the most
interesting narratives Of American story. Lewis and
Clark both young oficersin the United States army
were commissioned by our government, in the early
part OF the present century, 0commence the explo
ration of the western region Of this Union. In the
year 1904 these intrepid pioneers, with but few
companions, commenced their journey from the
mouth of Wood river, on the Mississippi. They di-
rected their course up the Missouri, which may be
justly styled the Father of American Waters, to its
sources; they examined most Of its tributaries push
ed on across the Rocky Mountains and thence down
the Columbia River to the Pacific Ocean. Their
journey occupied the space of three years. and at the
time was Of the utmost importance to our nation
These adventurers were daily during their route, ex
posed to the scalping knife of the savages and the
beasts of the forest and often their provisions falling
short were dependent upon the bounty Of nature for
subsistence. Their records Of the character of the
Indian tribes, and their geographical discoveries,
will long continue to be benefit to our people.
PIXIES EXPEDITION IN 1906.
At the time of the expedition of Lewis and Clark
across the Rocky Mountains, the general govern.
ment, anxious to push still further its exploration,
commissioned Lieutenant 2. NJ. Pike to examine the
source Of the Mississippi. On the 9th of August,
1905, Pike embarked from st. Louis and accom-
panied by twentysix men, proceeded up the Mis-
sissppi The trials of these adventures were equal
to those Of their brethren in discovery, who were
at the same time cropping their way amid the snow
capped SUBMITS of the Rocky Mountains, and the
result Of this expedition was the acquisition Of
knowledge Of the soil, climate, productions and
geography of our Northern frontiers.
LONGS EXPEDITION TO THE SOURCES OF THE ST.
PETERS RIVER, IN 1928.
This expedition, fitted out by the orders of John
G. Calhoun while Secretary Of War; had for it's OBJ
ect the examination of the sources Of the st. Peter
river, the waters of Lake Winnepeck, Lake of the
Woods, and that region of country. This expe-
dtion being organized in the early period of our
country, was most important one at the
time. Following after the expedition of Lewis
and Clark, the desire was to extend the knowledge
acquired by these pioneers another but no less
important part Of territory. The fur trade had
at this time risen to such importance that the 60
vernment was anxious to promote this traffic by the
discovery Of the best route to this then unknown
and hostile territory. Accordingly it was deter
mined, in the spring Of 1925 by the executive 60
vernment, that an expedition be Immediately fit-
ted out for exploring the river st. Peters and the
country situated on the northern boundary Of the
United States, between the Red river of Hudson's
Bay and Lake Superior" The command of the ex-
pedition was entrusted to Major s. II. Long, and he
received orders from the War Department, dated
April 25th, 1885, of which the following is an ex-
tract % The route of the expedition will be as fol-
lows Recommending at Philadelphia thence pro-
ceeding to Wheeling, in Virginia. thence to Chicago
via Fort Wayne, thence to Fort Armstrong, on Du-
buques lead mines, thence up the Mssissippto Fort
ST. Anthony, thence to the source of the St. Peters
river thence to the point of intersection between the
Red river and the fortyninth degree of north lati
tude, thence along the northern boundary of the
United States to Lake Superior, and thence home
ward by the Lakes'
The main object of the expedition was to make
general survey of the countries on the route ind-
Gated, together with Typographical description of
the same; to ascertain the attudes and longitudes
of all the remarkable points, to examine and describe
the productions, animal, vegetable and mineral, of
these regions, and to inquire into the character GUS
toms, &C., Of the Indian tribes.
Accompanying this expedition, for the purpose of
carrying out the ends above stated were Thomas
Say, geoogist and antiquarian William H. Keating,
mineralogist and geologist; and Samuel Seymour,
landscape painter and designer Messrs. Say and
Keating were appointed literary journalists to this
expedition. This enterprise fully accomplished the
object for which it was formed, contributing as
largely to the knowledge Of botany, mineralogy and
natural history, as to geography.
sCHoOLCRAFT's EXPEDITION.
As late as twenty years ago, the continual incur
sions made upon our Northern frontiers by the In
dian tribes, made it incumbent upon our nation to
cultivate as much as possible with these savages
terms Of peace and to pat stop to all warfare be-
tween themselves. To bring about a cessation of
hostilities between the Chippewas and Sioux In
dians, the War Department, in 1892 sent out II. r.
Schoocraft commissioned to perform this service 10