The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1853-12-25

one hand and Bosnia On the other, and whose poyu-
lation forms that part Of the Sclavonic elsmens OF
Turkev in Europe whi,h has national admi 1istrA.
ton, as contrssss3 with the purely Turkish one o.
Bosnia, Bulgaria, and MACEDONIA, rnicu lasser pro-
vince, with sprinkilng OF TURKS aad Grseks Is
substantially Ssroo-B Bulgarian, even almost to Sa-
lonics.
The fortress Of Belgrade, built according to Euro
pean science during the Austrian occupation Of Ser
via Q7ls-l74l) instead OF being allowed to fall to
decay as it was few years ago, has been carefully
repaired by the Turks who hold it, and is well pro-
vided with stores and provisions 284 cannon briste
on the walls, large addition has been made to the
reserve artillery and on the arrival OF zoo additional
artilerymen now on their way from Widn here, the
garrison will consist OF 800 men. The governor is
Izzet Pashs formerly Of Tripo who is in bad health
but intelligent; he is assisted by mis- son Hazlz
Pasha, young man of talent, who speaks French
admirably and by a very energetic colonel OF artil-
lery. II hope the peace Of Europe will be preserv-
ed said person Of conciliatory character and polite
manners to Izzet Pasha the other day; 81 hope so
too" said 1zzet Pasha, latter the war Is ended"
The garrison is in the highest state of enthusiasm,
and impatient at remaining behind walls. There
are to- day rumors in the Servian town that the
Turks have been completely beaten, and bave had to
burn bridge. Nothing certain is known here, but
ii the Russians come this way the fortress OF Belgrade
will give them some trouble.
On the side of Bulgaria there is q very strong
Turkish Gordon between Widdin and Nissa, so that
little penetrates hither. On the side OF Bosnia
the relations are curious. Until within the last few
months Bosnia in consequence Of the CONSUMPTION
and taxation following on the introduction or direct
imperial rule, was the most dissatisfied province OF
the Ottoman empire. The majority OF the heredl-
tary beys in exile in Asia Minor, and the feu-
dal system was broken up, as well as that quasi
independence which the Bosniacs enjoyed; but sncs
the affair Of Montenegro they have had great ap9e-
henson of some Christian fusion, and their MIer
ences with the Porte have been forgotten Ihey
have shown less readiness, however, than 1ne osaer
provinces of Turkey to send troops, say tnat tney
must watch the Servian frontier; apn last week
strong body of Bosnia, militia ae'daiiy moved owe on
Uschitza, which brought out a 1orce OF 2,o0o SER
VANS to resist their passage, az uschlfza atnongn
garrisonei by Turks, is witba the Servlan CYL u-
Iisdictien. The Bosnac n>dtia therefore, with the
tacit consent of the Porto, contents Itself with the
important duty of watching SerVla.
The position OF PIlhce hara-Georgevi6cn Is =.
thi. moment full Of the most cruel difficulty and
embarrassment. he has the prestige OF his fathers
anxious to be loyal to the Porte, he governs the
Seryans With great mildness, and, as far as their
limited education al and material means CO. there Is
not in Europe mere happy and PROSPEROUS people.
industry is not equal to their means, but there is
neither tyranny in the government nor pauperlsm
in the people.
While the people of all classes are looking for
ward TO some event which may transfer the Turk
ish forTesses in Servia to the national Servan gar
rsons, and preserve for them q position analogous
to that of Greece, the Prince y personally inds-
rosed TO break faith with the Sultan; but he were
to lead out the national troops with the turks
against Russia they would not Ore snot for the
Sultan. On the other hand, II the russian party
should seek to make Scrvia cooperate with an in
yading force thc position of Servia would become
very critical. Bosnia would burst on them like
thunder clond, while the Turkish reserves at Nissa
md Sofia are at the gates of the Principality All
Eue servians, therefore, view with anxiety the con-
anued residence of NJ. Moukhine here, (or he is not
yet gone, on the plea OF having to arrange his
,hlves and receive from ST. Petersburg, via Vienna
oy telegraph the order to quit) and think that his
remaining is more than Russia has right to expect
under present circumstances even from the Russian
party.
The objects of the national party and of the Rus
sian party here are absolutely Identical Thew both
wish for independence similar to that of Greece but
the difference between them lies in means and ne
tbods. The national party say that it ought to come
by the free will Of the Porte acting the advice Of
TIE live Powers that the surrender of scattered
and isolated fortresses in her own interest," and
that the guarantee Of the five Pc sers would bs bul-
wark to both the virtual integrity Of the Ottoman
empire and the consolidation in Servia Of progress
i've national administration.
In contrast to this the Russian party maintan that
the attainment OF the object is more feasible
by adherence to Russia, founded their experience
that this power has hitherto had her way III the
Prncipalities, and that the conclusion Of future
tests will find cards and hopors both in Russian pds
hitherto. But though they look for independence
by Russian aid, they do not wish TO see Serva be-
come a Russian province and their real feeling to
Russia Is "We your friends and brothers in Ian
guage and religion, and will thank you to help Us;
after that will be all the be tier friends if we re-
main separate without fusion, military oo .upatiou,
or retrenchment OF the ease and liberty we no en-
JOY" This party is not fanstical in It's attachment
to Russia--it is ignorant of Europe ignorant of the
now deeply excited interest in Europe in favor Of this
Christian community, and that what Russia has
hitherto done in the Prnci pates is from this great
crisis nenceforth no rule for the future.