New-York daily tribune. [volume] (New-York [N.Y.]) 1842-1866, 1853-03-02
TUH ORIENTAL QUESTION.

and manufacturing aspects of France are pros
ne,ous for the time being, and therefore new
rising Of the people not probable, the peace OF
Western Europe seems TO be assured Tor the
immediate future. Yet the ornaments OF Aus
tria and Russia on the Turkish frontier, and
the state Of things in the interior of that En-
pire are sufficient to raise the most serious APP
prehensions To get correct idea OF the On
entail question We must bear in mind that the
Emperor of Russia firmly believes that ne is
destined by Providence to be the shield Of the
Divine right of the kings and princes ofEurope,
and the supporter of their tOttering thrones,
threatened by the tide of popular institutions.
Hitherto he has always succeeded. He had
the satisfaction of crushing the Constitutions
ofPOland and Of Hungary; Ofreestablishing Alb
solutism in Austria, and all over Germany and
Italy; and now even France has become Cos
sack. 1t is only in the Spanish peninsula, and
in Belgium and Piedmont, that Constitutional
ism prevails on the continent, chiefly by the
aid received from England. The Gar is Obliged
20 tolerate the Constitutions of those coun-
tries, though he profoundly hates them; but his
power does not extend so far, because his fleet
is excluded from the Mediterranean. His con-
slant aim, therefore, has ever been to get ell
Their a harbor on the Adriatic, or the control OF
the BosporuS and the Dardanelles. To make
Russia first-rate power Peter the Great re-
ouired a seaport on the Black Sea, and ne
made continuslwar against Turkey until he car
ried his point. Tomake himself lord paramount
of the European continent Car Nicholas re-
quires seaport On the Adriatic, and ever
since he ascended the throne be has not ceased
to pursue this object by war and diplomatic In
trigues. After the successful Intervention in
Hungary this plan was again resumed, and 1t
was only by the interference OF English dplo-
macy that Austria was prevented from making
to Russia cession of the Bay of Cattaro on
the Albanian coast The cession of this small
territory, which was useless for Austria, but
invaluable for the Car, was to pay off the
Russian war expenses.
Basled in this respect, Russian craft imme-
diately returned to the old scheme Of fostering
Instructions In Turkey, which would enable
the Gar. according to circumstances, TO inter-
fere with hi, army, either in favor of the Sultan,
ifthe nsurrec,iOn should prove successful, or in
favor of the Christian insurgents, in case
they should be defeated by the Turks. Last
autumn such rising was expected in Bulgaria.
which would have Immediately become the op
portunity for Austria to occupy Moldavia ard
Wallachia, but the intrigges for the purpose
were not effective with the population. The
trick succeeded better in the little territory
of Montenegro, which lies close TO the Adri-
attic, and is inhabited by a tribe of sayages pro-
Tossing the Greek religion. The old Prince of
these mountaineers died suddenly, and his
nephew, Daniel, succeeded to the Princedom.
But altering the old custom of the Montene-
grins, he did not take holy orders, and another
member Of the family of Petrovitch became
Bishop. Russia Immediately recognized the
independence of the Principality, and the
young Prince, without any previous notice,
suddenly attacked small Turkish fortress and
put the garrison 10 death. With his handful
of mOuntaineers-the entire population OF
Montenegro did not exceed 100000 souls-he
would not have attempted to do this, had he
not had the promise of Austrian and Russian
support, and the hope that the neighboring
tribes of Bosnia, Albania and Bulgaria would
join him
For srch scheme at this time was
necessary, and the Austrian and Russian
Diplomatists eHdeayored to procure it for
the daring Prince. They proposed to
the Porte mediation, and offered the good
offices of their respective Governments for the
restoration of peace and order in that quarter.
Col. Rose. the English Charge, on the the other
hand, advised the Porte TO strike a sudden
blow at the insurgents, and TO chastise them
before the matter could be discussed by proto-
/ coils and conferences. The Porte acted upon
I cade, surrounded by Hungarian officers
/ marched against the MOntenegrlns. and de-
/ feated them in two actions. -Four of the eight
! districts which had risen Immediately surren
dered, the mountain passes were all occupied
by the Turks, and the mountaineers once more
summoned To lay down their arms, with the
promise from the Turks not TO encroach upoI
their customary privileges, nor TO interior,
with their religious concerns. The result cal
easily to be guessed ii is the Subsection o
Montenegro.
But Russia cannot allow that her partisans
the people she has always protected, in fac
her vanguard. should surrender at discretion
20 Turkey. Her yassal, therefore, the Empe
rOr Of Austria, sends bis troops TO the fortress
of Daimsiis. and Russian armies are coneen
trated in the Southern Provinces of the En-
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