New-York daily tribune. [volume] (New-York [N.Y.]) 1842-1866, 1853-08-27
member,hip Foreigner. living in Russia, If they are

mcuotFhip TO!eiRDers living 10 Russia II tnev are
Swans art,, merchants or owners Of extensive manu-
featuring establishments if they become Russian sub
ec's and have already belonged for years 10 the
class Of personal respectable citizens have the right Il
petition for adm ssoo into the hereditary class of the
SINE title. Tie rights and privileges Of respectable
citizens consist in beraiDg them from the captatl'n
tax podresetnoS from the requirement. from corporal
punishment by either civil or military judg nen' from
having their heads shaved during arrest and pending t
All the rest # the bOurgeOse, IN criminal a. well a.
in police affairs, subject 10 personal punishment Id
fCtsd by rods p0Ai the cat Of nine tais' puma
Below the bOurgeOisie with all the above -nu nrrA'ei
subdivisions and various special corporations from th'
of tie me rel down 70 that OF the wcrken there
eri,ts r Inferior class called tina. OF tue SUBURBAN
Inhabitants not separately Incorporated but admins
tered BY the boards Of the city 10 which they belong
IL i. composed principally Of sgncutur-is or day 'So'-
ers who thus form the last lnk between the bourgeose
AID the peasants AL other persons living in aoy city
by speca permission sd devoted to ade or artisan,
are called simply Inhabitants or citizens, -ysi, o5y
uo,i from bguat 10 frequent.
This is col itnsfd outline 0f the Legal and social posi-
D Of The Russian bOuroeOise In surveying the wb0e
some ore and less Interesting details have been
omitted Being distinct body, the bourgeoise form
their own boa ds committees Of internal adm1lstra
tIon But ttese committees are under the direction
the Government, exercised by the Governor of the
Counry by the Chief OF Police, who is generally
signed military officer, and in Judicial affairs, by the
Government Attorney and his assistants, araptscla
The Recorder OF the trenna meetings elective. BY
the nature of the above enumerated divisions ito
which the inhabitants Of every municipal community are
cut up and as result Of the existing numerous classes
md of The minute definitions of the position and Of the
rights Of each from all this arises the Oblg TO
Ike. up nd Of precise heraidc record Tor each specla
10 "a r.
corder called sarOst elder, Is elected by the connu
nifty The Inhabitants Oi the larger cities elect for their
internal a. nblstratOn If JUS ce KIND Of arbter, as
well as Judges ~ each ward; likewise board Tor d.
recng aId distributing the quarters for garrsoned or
transient soldiers la such cites there are archectu
mi bads elected for directing the construction Oi
houses guardians and superintendeBts OF puOc mani
ciIal buildings, a. well as Oi private ones Further
there are members and directors o. the establishments
of public crtc and Of banks where they exist Thus
for example in Petersburg there being special cOn-
urrcial bank lssuln. b. U.s. It's operations directed by
special busd elected by the merchant cdss, but pre-
.ideo over by a nominee OF The Government 10 large
CONNIE rcal cities special commercial tribunals ar Ike
w,e elected as IRE the members of the board OF quar-
Gntne brokers, n0aIcs puDhc. auctIoneers, asSyers
and In Petersburg. Ii committee 10 dlrec, AMI watch
over Ibe pubic E1cAaDsc; there Is, however not
much ivbiDp foreign ,t0cks are prohibited from be-
inp quoted aud the domestic ones are nt 10 numerous
and fucuatIng ~ attract and stir up the gambling
passion. The operations on the Exchange dfc l"f the
most part, purely commercial.
In MI these gene raj well special leciiOus MOBILES
OWING houses ia cities, Which they gene rally do but
not inscribed in the guilds, can participate only by
fulfilling the formally OF entering of the guilds aad
then they can elected to any office Within the range
OF the bouIgeOse But public iunctionares of the
poy.ImeD even the owners Oi housrs, ca" be elected
10 any municipal Office. In this sort OF oicll Contact
with the nohlese the bOurgeOlse maintains Its croUud
rather proud, aud haugLy As the class citizens
IN p,inA Oi of tho
liability aud cannot meet the nobility auy shrre on eIual
footing they do not feel az al hcnored as d. generally
the bourgeoc OF other countries, by this participation
of the mobiles in the special rights reserved 90 the
buIfhers Accord gly, though n0DlcniGn may have
the right to be elected to municipal oiice he is
pretty sure to fail IN his attempt such things have
been tried and almost always unsuccessfuliy. Even
in st Petersburg under the Immediate pressure of the
supreme Government, nay, even under that of the
persopa interference Of the Emperor eXered to
IN. election to the Municipal Board of Naryschkine
one Of the Qrandees of Russia and distant relation Of
the Imperial famyas the mother Of Peter the Great
was Naryschkne- the bourgeolsle resisted. all answer
ing directly in the face OF the sovereign that as the
nobity did not admit them they would not admit the
nobility
H. nil these internal elections for jurisdiction aud adj
mristIaton the exclusion from any participation 10 the
general government or any common ACTON WIN a su'
peor class is strictly maintained The Dourgeosle are
surronpded with fence which they cannot legally pass
L
this circumscIpton and in official capacity thus meets
III. uobity Ii is IN III, aTtiai administration OF civil
and criminal justice The art Judicial Courts are com
posed as we have shown, Of specially elected municipal
magistrates The second or Courts oi Appeals are the
t1bunnls ia each County formed from members elected
h, n q mobility To each of these tribunals the citizen
bnchers of the city the tribunal is situated elect
one member f. the civil and another Ia the criminal lu
Iisdiction.
Tis s the only case where the bouraeosie reach be-
nAT a. d. "a n
p SON 9th no legally superior But not even IN TINS case
are thew nut On equal ground win the higher class.
Each of the tribunals composed :" president ana OF
lree members elected 10y the nobility ~ wee presi-
den, ard recorder, named b! the Government both OF
ulon, are of course noblenen To them is added
ona burrher only aid one free peasant both OF whom
have ,calcey voice III the council when the pending
s,t does not cunctrn any member Of their own class
yle above ,uccipct sketch Of the various shades and
subdivisions into which the Russian bourgeoise di
v,,d is sufficient q give an IDEA how complicated cir
cuu,c,b.d aud Gu, up in parcels how cfamped aud sur
rounded with iron bonds, is this numerous and
eminent body in the Russian social order O6strurt
ed in any free movement, heaviiy chained by
laws based on the spirit Of caste they can by
m.sns move onW ards, but are forced 10 labor To-.
ever in the same arena Ms IN tread-mll tette-ei
perr,tualh 10 the same spot ii the ci'lZrn bu-gher
xsh.s TO change his legal domice to remove his estab
Gspneut from city or region 10 another he obliged
IN On tlrolh ihe narrow pass OF various oppressive for
rst.s mpeC int ntS meet him every foot step per
mission ass, Mt adm sion there is nothing kefeedom
With the exc, pton Of very small number among the
vhoi, who reach the region Of special privileges the
vast majority Of this class are by the Ia" ofcas:e almost
absolutely prevented from giving substantial, mental
and Intellectual development 10 their children by tho
rough education The impedments thrown in their
WAY extend almost equally to both sexes Thus woman
NAV be said 10 he subjected 10 q mental stupor The
Limitations rather exclusion by the law of the male
from the pale OF higher culture and atalnmentS pen
t,a and nerynde the csfnms and the prnct ce in cn