The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1853-10-21


sxhAuAtDs ossvuisioas aal bankruptcy b. il fau We
shall have steady and prospsrous, becauss win be
prevail, and then we shall to undervaHe
farmers mechanics and manufacturer and their produc
own orators and ststssms. in short onr own insnts :.
sources and all competent skill virtue and
own peculiar and justly enved freedom. Then am sure
armies like Russia and without wasting wealth in emula
ting the naval power of England and without practising
serve conformity to the diplomacy Of courts and with
out cautiously seeking frivolous occasions for making the
world sensible Of our Importance SHALL by the force
OF our own genius and virtue and the dignity OF Freedom
take with the free consent of mankind the first place in
the great family of nations. Gentlemen of the Institute
from the earnesness with which the theory of free trade
is perpeualy urged in quarters, night suppose
that it was thought that the cardinal interest OF the
country lay in mere exchanging OF merchandise. On
the contrary, of the three great wheels of NATIONAL
prosperity, agriculture n the main one ma ufac
ture second, and trade is the last The cardinal
interest Of this and every csuntry is, and always
must be, production 1t is not traffic. but labor
alone, that converts the resources of the country
into wealth The world has yet to any State become
great by trade 1t has many become by the
exercise of Industry Where there are diversified re-
sources, and industry is applied to only few staples
three great interests neglected, VIZ -natural
sources, which left unmprovsd labor that left
employed; and internal exchanges, which diversity Of
industry would render necessary The foreign
which is based such narrow system Of ppduction
obges the nation to sch its staples at prices reduced by
competition in foreign markets. and to buy kbrics at
This ake economy crowds the culture of the few staples
with excessive industry thus rendering labor dependent
at home while brings the whole nation tributary to the
monopoizng manufacturer abroad. When AL any
of the nations of Europe shall, well ourselves be
found successfully competing with England in manufac
lures then, and till then will the free trade she re-
commends be wise for others she now insists But
when that time shall venture to predict that Eng
Land win to inculcate that dogma. The Importance
application of industry seems 20 rest on these mpregna
BILE grounds, whist That the of indigenous mate
rails does not diminish but the contrary increases the
public wealth 3D. That society is constituted that
individuals voluntarily classify themselves in ALL and
few, departments of industry by of dis
trbutive congen ty of tastes and of
and IL while labor distributed is profitable the
general contentment and independence of the people
secured and preserved and Their enterprise il stimulated
and sustained think 1t mus be confessed now, by all
cam id observers within our country that manufactures
have become in degree the exclusive employment of the
citizens of Eastern States and yet that they
carous, and comparatively unprftable because
patronage generally discriminating in favor of Euro
pean enables them to make the desired ia
brics sometimes less cost That the citizens of the
Middle and Western States are confined chiefly to the
raising Of staple breadstu for which, while they have
great above the home consumption resulting from
che neglect of domestic manufactures they find market
almost overstocked with similar productions raised in
countries peculiarly agricultural own and that
the citizens of The Southern States restrict themselves
chiefly to the culture OF cotton, of which, practically,
they have the monopoly that the annual enlargement of
the cotton culture tends to depres its price, and that
they pay dearly for the fabric which they use,
than would be necessary if manufactures could
better maintain competition with those of Europe.
These inconvenience would indeed become in
tolerable evils, if they were not compensated in
some measure by the great increase OF wealth.
sulting from the immigration Of foreign labor and
from the establishment Of and prosperous gold
trade between the Atlantic States and California Why
should those inconvenience be endureds Certainly not
bees do not know that they unnecessary We
jealousy guard culture Of breadstufs and sugar
against the competition of the foreign farmer end planter
in markets. Practically, gold mining is
equally protected We also give exclusive preferences
in our internal commerce to our own shipping No one
production But it il not easy to see how the equally
successful ooenng of other domestic should
not be equally beneficial Why should be less profitable
supply ourselves with copper iron, glass and paper,
rom resources, and by own industry, than
t is to supply ourselves in the way with flour,
cotton WOOL iron and gold it Is
70 manufacture furniture wooden clocks and
'hpsf # mining and manufactures, generally were not
profitable in England they would not be prosecuted
here If they profitable there they would be pro-
stable here You reply that manufacturing labor is
cheaper there Yes, because you leave it there. If
Is agricultural labor now comes. The ocean is re-
luced to a ferry. If you must depend foreign
where you can sustain it with greater economy.
The advocates Of depsnder foreign manufactures
ell that it is well to sell gold and buy iron, as it
would BIZ to sell iron to buy gold reply LIST. That to
the extent Of necessary consumption having
haustless and adequate industry ability to
procure it. ought to buy neither. ID. When Boulton
the associate Of the great Watt showed his iron
tory. he said, II sell here, what all anxious to
buy. Power 1t has been proved that nation may sell
od for iron without gaining power rs many ration has
bought without securing it. But clear that the
nation that makes its iron, creates its power 1t
to be understood by the advocates Of foreign
actures here that emily those braf ches lsnguh which
not sufficient vgor to be brought to maturity by
much protection. Th is opposed to the expert
nee OF all mankind There is not il France in England
sful culture manufacture That has not been
nade by the application of national protection and pa
ronage The manufacturers Of England are sustained,
of I.l.u
he decline of agriculture proved by rapidly increas
ng emigration from the British Stands What England
as free trade is indeed new brm of protection but 1t
protection She finds equally effective and
expensive British commerce and British manufactures
10 indeed flourish but British empire declines The de-
slime is in the tamencss OF England now towards
Russia France and country compared with the
different attitude she maintained sgainst all offending
powers in the age of the elder Pitt and the younger Pitt
industry Of class Of citizens is partial and injurious
to that of others. This cannot be in any just sense
true since the prosperity and vgor of each class depends
great degree the prosperity and vigor Of all the
industrial classes But all experience shows that if
do not favor domestic enterprise its negative
policy will benefit foreign monopoly, which, Of all
class il gsation is most injurious and least excusable
Once it is said that the present system must be
right because predictions of disasters that should result
from il have been fasifed do not dwell the signs
which to portend fearful fuflment,
tbeess Of those predictions Let 1t suffice to say that it
common error to look prematurey for the bghts
which must follow culture, is to expect
precocous fruits from that which is udicious This
lion Is youthful and vigorous 1t suffer long
and deeply from any for it has great recuperatve
energies. 1t is not destined to immediate fall
to early decline It Is the part of WISDOM nevertheless,
not to Try how much of administration it
bear, but to adapt policy always favor the
most complete and lasting Of the republic.
Gentlemen Ct the Institute, ! refrain from discussing
the details Of policy. Circumstances are fastening
necessity for examination Of them in another place,
where action follows debate and is effective. shall not
be absent idle there But will not attempt to de.
lude either myself you into the belief that the opinions
have expressed which trust in degree correspond
with your will become fully engraed into the
policy of the government ,ha perform my duty bet
by showing you that is not wise TO expect
absolutely necessary to depend the exercise of just
patronage Of industry by the government This
public although constituting nation partakes of tho
form confederation of many States and for the pur
pose Of securing acquescence allows great power to mno
rites Although there is real antagonism OF interests
there is nevertheless wide divergence of opinion
cerning those interests resulting from the different de
grees maturity and developemsnt reached in the
raj States Massachusetts, and Virginia. New York and
South Carolina, scarcely dIer in their ages but
theess they differ in their industrial systems widely
PenDsyvania and ArkansaS. The old free States ha
passed through the stages at which the merely agrcul
iural and planting States have only arrived 1t would
practically be impossible to bring these latter States
up to our proper policy as it would be to