Litchfield enquirer., 1853-12-15

 Amozon, particular attention has heen givett to tllis epb1ect Brazil, through wlsse territories it passes mo the ocean, has hitherto perslsied ln policy So Festfictave, n regard tO the use 0t Ina FiyeT, as to 0bsiruel, and nearly exclude foreign .cdnHsefciai iHIercohrse with the States which lie 9polsi iis iEibniares aRdsuppeE branches Our Minister :0 that country is instructed tU nhlaln relexatBm Of that policy. and 70 use his eiiliTss D induce the Brazilian G.,veFnnlsns e open t' cntIlthOn tise d1der pF0pef saieqaafds this afeat natural higbway tor international trade, &eeer- al ufthe S0AIh American States are deeply inter. eeted m this attempt ta secure the Tree nayl<a. ton t the Amax ln, and t is Feasunahte expect their c8Opeyatio6 tn the measure. As the auvan. taaes of free commercial intercourse among na- tlons are better understood more liheral views generally entertained as 10 the comm m riallts af all ta fhe2 free use 0ftthase mrans which natnfc has provided for international communications - To these moral, liberal and enlightened views it is hoped that Brazil will c8nErm her policy and remove all unnecessary restrictions upon ihe free use tH . river which iFaveFses % many States and % large . part of the continent. ssI nm hap py 10 inform you that the Repnb:ic oi Paraguay and the Argentine Confederation have yiclded 10 the liberal policy still resisted hv Brazil, in gard to the navigahle rivers within their respec- ave territories. Treaties eHbraring this subject among others have heen negotiated with these Governmarts, which will be submitted to the Senate ai ,he present session. x.
 A new 6FGneh of cOmmeFce. important 10 the agrlcllturql interests of lhe United Stnies, las within few veaTs past, hern opened with Peru NgtMtlthsianding the inexhxGsiihe deposits ,h Guano upon the Islands of that country. consid ersh'e d'iicllties. are experienced in obtaining toremove these difficulties and to secure more abundant importation of the article. Unforu raiely, there has been serious collision he- tween out citizens who have re orted t0the Chln- cha Islands for Il, and the Peruvian authorities stationed there. Redress for the n,itfages com. nitted hy the vlatfer, was promptly demanded hy our Minister at Lima. This subject is no " under canslferatsns and there Is reason to believe that Peru is disposed to offer adequate indemnity tn the aggrieyed parties.
 counties, but, in political affairs, are exe,np' from any cause of serious disquietude inoGrdo- nestle relations.
 'fheHcan,roversies, witch have aeitated the. country heretofore, are. passing away with the causes which pr duced them and the passiors which they. had av akened; ar,s if any trece, o' thcm remains, it may be reasonably h.'pcd thu il will ossly he perceived in tie zeal IuA rivalry " all eDd citizens 10 testify their respect nr tl,s rights Q lihe Suites, their devotion tO the Union, of the States it's institutions. it's welfare and its domestic peace shall be held alike secure under the sacred Dgis Of the Constitution.
 The new lrague of amiiy and of nsuiual cor : hdence and support in:o which the people ot the Repnbhc have entered, happily afftids induce
 
 comprehensive and unemharr Sssed line os pol'- cy and act0n, as to the great material interests of the country, whether regarded in themselve. or in connection win the powers ot the civilized world
 The United States have continued aradaalay ant sreadily expand, through acquisitions af territory, which, how much s0eser stmeof them may have heen questioned, are now universally seen and admitted to have heen vice in p,.llcy. mai in cha.a t:ier and 0reaf Aianenf ia tr uu- | van n Ak nj 10. human race, in Freedom, in prosperity, end n happiness. The thirteen States have grown 10 be thirty one. with relations reaching iO Europe on the one side, and on the other 10 the disinn. realms of Asia.
 am deeply sensible of the immense respon- sibility which the present, Inapn,,ude of the Re pnblic, and tine diversity and multiplicity ot it's interests, devolves upon me the aiievIaion oi whirh. tar as relatPsio tbs immediate c0ndncf oi the public business is, lsi, in my reliance on the wisdom and patriotism oi flle iw" Houses of Congress and 2d, iR tue directions afforded me by the principles Of public p,.liiy, affirmed by our fathers nf the epoch Of f79S, "a pciinned by hng experience, aud consecrated, aaew by the overwhel'ning voice of tue people of the United
 Recurring to these principles. which sonsti- ute the organic hass Of union. we perceive that. vast sthe functons and duties of the Federal Government, vested in, ur entrusted to. its thrsa great depar nlents the legislaiivr executive, and
 
 iDrce. .ails tho large capacittes isT sociai and mnterial development, exist in the respective States, which. all being ot fhemselses well com stitlteil republics, as they preceGed, go they alone are capable of maintaining and peSpttna- tlng the American Union. The Federal Gov- ernInent has lie appropriate line of action in the specific and limited p0wers conferred nn 1t by the Constitution. chiefly as to those things il' which tibe States ha ve common inieresi tn thels relations iO one another, and e lorelen govern nssts whils slie great macs of interests which belong 10 cultivated men, the ordinary bneiness Of lie, thS springs Of industry, aIl tie dIyeTslfled persOnai aud domestic affairs oi society. rest securely upon the general aeserycd powerso of ihe people Of the several States. There is the ei- fertise Democracy Of the nation, and there the yiiaiessence 0f iis being and is greatness.
 Ofihe practical consequences which How rom the nature 0f the Federal li,vcrnment the pfi- mary one $ tue duty of admiaisieF'ng with in- tegflfy and fidelity the high trust reposed n II by the Constitution, especially the application of the Public Funds. as drawn ny tn xailon from the people, and appropriated 10 specific Otjecie 1 by Congress. Happily ! nave no occasion 10 l sngaesl any radical changes n the financial | policy of the government. Ours is almost, U l hot aiisolu.ely tho solitary power of Chfisten. l dom, having surplus revenue, drawn !Hs'nedi' \ ately from imports un commerce, and tnereiJre | nseapured' by IiIs srcp,aneous enierpnee and \ national prosperity vt ths country, ~ltn sucn sni iir prodncss 0f iiss earth asid sea- 70 as ts violate nO c0nsiiiuiional doctrine. and yet .ig' I oscnsly prUlHoss she general welfare. Nether \ aa to ffe a0ufces 0f lhe puiic freas.iEe. nor as I to the niaineFM keeping and managing Y, does \ any grave controversy no~ prevail, there being ! ! seenehh atq.iescenco ias the wisdom oi the | present system. s 4s ss.tA. 'tas The kepoFt of ihe secfeiaFy n( the Treasury
 viii sxlibp n detail she state of Inc public ii- J naBcfo and sha c0nGitinp fshe various bfanclies I Df the public service administered by that de- | pAftne0t If tie G0vffninenE I sTbe fevenns 1f the cpahlsyy ieFied almost as'- eensihlY 10 the tax payer, goes op from rear ip | teaF. incF&nsing beyond either he infeTFsis or | ihs rrnspeelsse eanss .d lsse G8vssnHnSns. ]. At the closs of inc 5iscsi year .eR1iGg June sp. 1 le52. there remainei in .hs Treasury b.lancs of 9l4,63&g39 Tho fobiie feyenlse, ,kp! 1lte Ils' eel year ending June %, l055s as,pnnsed1e 45ss' eSt,nS5 ion tEsiodis, and 70 e2, ,40ss s7O3 tF,al | pu6Iic lauds and Dihes gsigeel.nlepis sanFces. bmqnpliue together q, t6It tssl ,374 WhI'e tue p,hlic sxpendiibfsslnk .l,e come pefI.d, exclll. kige q pfy9seaGs hn AeeauAt af ihe public ccbs, I sa.sansrd n eia s59 2e2 rleevinE th kslsnsd nl 4 esz. .425.447 s4 feeepia arhove eypenaiinyss:. 1sRhis facs 6I in1Ietslng elItpIne b the trehs. \ ny. hecnnn fhe tpufiegs el an1ln!s e.sHDhera- 4.a5tas