The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1853-07-04
The Icarlans.

These people, between three ano louf hundred IN
number have appropriated to themselves the deserted
city Of Nauyoo and repeating the experiment of
communism, under NJ CADET, man OF some literary
attainment, to whom these voluntary exiles are much
attached. Leaving France because they found it i'm
possible to carry out their theory unmoested, they
emigrated en- nidSSe to found in our Western wilder
ness g a State series of townships based on
community of interests, and to which they might in
vte asylum, "all the prescribed republicans of
Europe
From the materials OF the old Mormon temple
they have built good stone school house; they have
printing press, and publish two weekly papers,
in English and the other in German. Why they
choose German instead OF French is unaccountabe,
as they are all from France, unless the injuries
they have received have inspired them with desire
to obliterate the memory OF them with the language
with which they were associated. They pay much
attention to education, have good public library,
chemical apparatus, lectures &c. They claim to be
restorers OF primitive Christianity though toerating
all religious opinions bat insist upon the exercise Of
justice and brothery love as the only test Of Chris
tianity.
The property OF the Community is owned in COM
mon, but each family has separate dwellings or
apartments, and eat at common table. they have
one physician, who is employed as public health
officer They respect the marriage institution, and
encourage the formation of marriages. One Of the
conditions CT admission reads thus go He or she
must lie temperate without having any necessity for
using tobacco or strong drinks, cecent in words and
acts. careful and economical, must adopt true
Christianity as his religion, and must engage to ge
married. NO one can gain admlttance unless by
contributing as much as $50 part OF which, with
any other property lie may have contributed, is re
stored TO him if he wishes to withdraw They have
a farm and orchard, -four and saw mills, and carry
on several mechanical pursuits, and will probably
hold together while the original emierants retain
superior influence in the colony, but scarcely be
expected to survive the introduction Of members who
have no bond Of sympathy With the exes except
such as the supposed advantages Of communism
offer.
Icarius, we are told In escaping from the Injustice
of Minos, few so high that the sun melted the wax
by which lis wings were secured, and he fell into
the sea. The modern Icarians in endeavoring 10
make heaven OF earth, by means of communism, will
probably find their cement dissolve by process as
irresistible in human aElirs-the ingyess vi dlers
and the Giscord VI ambition.
PAST, PRESENT, AND FUTURE HISTORY OF MAN.
BY n CADET The Aauyoo Lonulunis1
Labor or Industry is the first necessity imposed by
Nature upon man.
AT trst, and during long lapse of time men fol-
lowed no other occupation than hunting fishing
and harvesting the fruits which grew spontaneously
around them.
Then certain people commenced the cultivation of
the soil, and successfully invented the arts and the
sciences OF civilization.
Some EatiOns pursued agriculture and various in.
dustries, and fixed and settled in certain coun.
tries, whilst others again were shepherds and no.
MAIDS, or wanderers.
This last class be came warriors and connuerors
Their conflicts were sometimes with each other but
more often with their producin and immobile neigh
bors the tnlers Of the soil.
War, conquest, or wholes lie robbery, by one peo-
pie against another became the universal custom
upon the earth, and the principal means OF quiring
property.
The victor exterminated the vanouished to rob
him OF his locks his fields, his fruits, and his habita
tons.
Thenthe conqueror preferred slavery, or servitude,
seriaee, TO massacre and DETERMINATIONS and thus
the vanquished became the slave OF the victor
War, conquest and slavery became the universal
rule and when civilized people were conquered
by barbarous one, or by another civilized people
all the yanqushed were reduced to slavery and sold
as brutes.
Then the human race found Itself divided into
masters ard slaves.
The slaves labored, exercised the various indus
tries, and produced everything; whilst the con
querers, or the masters, occupied themselves only in
consuming and enjoying themselves in idleness
luxury, and debauch, holding Themselves always
ready to crush any revolt of their slaves.
And again. in their turn, almost everywhere the
conquerers were overcome, Ike the Romans, for eX
ample, who, after having vanquished almost the en-
tire civilized world, were themselves subjugated by
the barbarians who came upon them from the East
and from the North
Then feudal monarchy everywhere established itself
upheld by military and sacerdutal arstocracy
Everywhere slaves were the only wolkmen: every.
where the workmen were all slaves.
Some titled the earth, these were poughmen or pea
SAINTS; others exercised the arts Of industry, these
were arzans or mechanics others served the masters
IN tler houses, these were d0mestlcs or Wallets.
But if the masters, or the aristocracy were happy
satisfied and conservative, the slaves were unhappy
hopeless and revolutionist.
The human race was thus divided into conserya-
tors, revoutionists or reforInists.
Almost all the Instructions were drowned in the
blood Of the rebels; bat the conflict nevertheless
continued between the workmen, the slaves the re-
voutionts and the masters the oppressors and con-
SENATORS.
After great number IF other reformers, Jesus at
leDgth appeared, to proclaim the fraternity Of men
and Of nations, equality liberty, republicansm and
even commtmity-to deliver and regenerate human
fy.
Since then slaves or seTfs have been affranchised
by their masters or seignors, or have afrancbised
themselves by nsurectons; and many revolutions,
esI ecially in England u America, in France and in
Spain have proclaimed in their written consttu.
tons equality, liberty ard fraternity.
But the workgen or pf0letarians, who are born in
poverty, who have no other property than their
labor who often want employment, whose salary is
in iicient and who folm more than tbreeourths Of
the human race are still to-day, in the mass, the
)layes ofthe aristocracy