Lynchburg daily Virginian. [volume] (Lynchburg [Va.]) 1852-1861, 1853-06-17


lion. ihatihe Greeks bad perpetual tight o.
n war and conquest against the Bsrbarians, tina
is. all The resi- Of the world and the pupil %
| Aristotle proclaimed this doctrine at the head
lof the Macedonian phaanx. on the banks o
he Indus They irrupiion OF the barbarou'
races INTO Europe during the centuries thai
preceded and followed Christianity. rested on
as good principle-rather better; the pretext
only was varied; although the Gauls and the
lGnfhs did not probably trouble themselves
much about preicxfs The adopted rather the
simple rhlrsophy Of the robber chieftaln oil
the Scottish Highlands.
Pcui in this fortress Of tho north
Trunk 1t hon viii not sally forth,
u" spoil the spoiler may,
And rom Inc fobber rend bis prey.
When the Mahometan races rose 10 power
they claimed dominion over all who dlsbeliev-
ed he Koran. Conversion or determination
was the alternative hich they offered to The
world. AMI which was announced in letters OF
fire and blood from Spain To lie Gauges. The
States Of Christian Europe did but retort the
prineip pie aud the practice. when in i've success.
sve crusajes kept up fer more than three hun
dred years they poured desolation over the
wesi al Asa, in order To rescnc the scpulchre
of The Prince of Peace from the possession Of
unhelieveIs.
Such were the principles of the public law
and the practice under them as they existed
" hen the great discoveries of the fifteenth and
sixteenth centuries took place. When the
Portuguese began To push their adventures far
10 The South on the coast OF Africa, III order to
give to those principles The highest sanction,
they procured of Pope Nicholas V, in 1874,
The grant Of a night Of sovereignty over all the
heather tribes, nations and Countries discover
I'd by them ION AREA 10 Indin; and the ex
elusive title thus cont, rred was recognized by
all other nations OF Chrlslendom.
Ga The return OF Columbus from his first
voyage, tho King Of Spain, not 10 fall iehind
bis nrighbors IN the strength of his lite, lost
no time in obtaining from Pope Alexander
Y, a similar giant OF all the heather lards dis.
covered by Columbus or which might hereai.
ter be discovered IN the West. To preclude
rs far as possible all conlllcl with Portugal, the
iniamous lines Of demarcation we're proposed
from The North and South hundred Leagues
we-i Of the Azores cutting he earth into two
hef4 like an apple; and as far the new dis
covelicS we're Concerned, giving to the Spanl-
Grds al west Of the line and confirming all
east oil j. 10 The Portuguese, in virtue ofthe
grant already mentioned of Pope Nicholas the
Fifth
| regret that want of Ii no will not allow me
10 dwell upon the curious history ofthis line OF
demarcatloD, for the benefit of all States having
controversies, aud especially our sis
ter Republics Of Nicaragua aud Costa Rica.
II Is sufficient to say, that it RENAME d subjcct
al dispute and collision for three hlndred and
sIxy-une years. and was finally settled at the
Congtess OF Vienna. in 1915.
The Territorial extension Of Portugal aud
Spain which resulted from the discovery of
America, was followed by the most extraordi
nary effects upon The commerce. the finances
and the politics generally, of those two coun,
tries and throug h them. of the ord. The o.
verlal d trade To the East was abandoned The
whole Of South America aud a considerable
part Il North America was, in tho course Of
The sixteenth Century, settled by those Gov
ernments who organized in their trans. ATTAIN
Tic possessions Colonial system of the most
rigid and despotic character rejecting. as far
as was practicable in distant Provinces hey ond
the sea, the stern features of Mother Country
The precious metals and monopoly ofthe trade
to the East were the great objects. Aliens
were forbidden to enter the American Wee
! ltoyatIes; none but oontraband ira 10 was
Carried on by foreigners at the seaports. To
resist this trade, severe right of search vas
Instituted along The entire extent of the coast
have recently had an opportunity, in another
place. to advert to the effects of this system up
on the international relations of Europe Ma
tive subjects could emgrate to these vast Col.
onial possessions only with the permission Of
the Government. Instead of affording an asy
Ium to persons dissenting from the religion Of
the State, conformity ofbelei was, ifpossble
enforced more rigidly in the Colonies than in
the Mother Country. No relaxation IN thi:
respect has taken place in the remaining Col
ONES lSpan, even to the present day. A,
for the aboriginal tribes, after the first work %
determination was ove,. a remnant was saved
from destruction by being reduced to state o
Iprcdial servtude. The detected and spirit
less posterity of the warike tribes, that offer
{ ed no mean resistance 10 Corez and Pizarro
are now the hewers of wood and drawers o
watert 10 Mexico and Peru In a word, from
The extreme Soudern point of Patagonia to tn,
Fl Northernmost limit Of New MexicoI am not II
ware that anything hopeful was done for hu
ma m bv aitbar ,f H.,