The Caledonian. [volume] (St. Johnsbury, Vt.) 1837-1867, 1853-10-29


nan farmer, l. a-'i u'turc had been 80 much
honorcd and enc nura@cd in other great and
powerful States distinguished bv their free.
institutions. it must be- VT more 50 a. Ills
land of western liberty and progress. IN The
first place there Is no other country in which
50 large al'ropcrt,ar Of the population enjoy
'a- competence AMI possessing adequate
means for the liberal exercise of tie art. are
enga"r'l in the labor, Of agriculture. In Eno-
land, according to IL" most authcn;ir stats
tl"ai returns, somewhat less than onc-thirl
c.thr industrious inhabitants d: tn. country
are 50 employed. In France. On Tie other
hand, whcr" the subdivision of landed prop
1r'y has been carried TO very grca' extent.
under the encouragement Of positive lc.ei>la-
ton. Il, We'll as the influence Of traditional
habits. it is estimated that two-thirl, Of the
whole population are actually cnrn.cl or
Interested as landlords and propric,or>in the
pursuits of agriculture But treat as this
proportion Is and accompanied in 50 many
cases in that country with stra.htcncd re
sources, which forbid any General attempt at
an improved hu>handrv, it is Vet les than
The relative number OF our own people, shown
by hc latest comI'ctc data in oar possession
to be cmpoyycl i'll the operations Of a4,icul-
turr
In Eu.!anl the actual cuitivator is rarely
the owner of the land. 1t is wondrriul,thcrc-
fore, that English agriculture should be 50
good As it is Across the channcl.on the con-
trary there is a division ofandcd property to
the verge Of the infinite divi>ibiIi, OF matter.
There are proprictors in France cutivatimg
a single tuIrou, and not a long one neither.
measuring only one and a half wards hv two.
mans possession in Brittany is hence Stvl-
cd his @i|ph., or turrow. bcin" in fact ot.en
nothn. norr. Thus narrow also is the farm
IN l.orraiHe. About million and Quarter
OF propri, nrs are estimated to he in France;
none of whom hold more than two ,tc,irt-es
or FIVE acres of land; and the average size Of
all the farms in France is about eleven acres
and half Notwithstanding this want of
space and capital, their frequent high and
successful tarnin" is on Y proof OF nation
al genius for administrative organizations
In America the case is different Here
there is ownership and every variety of rx-
'"nt Of farm Mir Hives pur>uacics himself
tat America is destined not only to IL. the
trrc>t and best governed country in the world
but the best cultivated and most hi"!.l, i'm
proved. Let rnltiGatorS read the agriculture
al papers OF NASHiHGT"N. The author of
the i'E'LAEATInN constructed on mathc-
matical pr!nci pies the mould board of a pillow
of the least RESISTANCE. and was a candidate.
while interpretations, ,a.inrr the Agricultural
Sorlcty Of PARIS. for prize offered tv it for
the most perfect model of that instrument.
and obtained it is believed! the second prize.
y career Illaugur1:cI by the great lame,
Of Washington and Jefferson. and illustrated.
even in our own time Nv others. whose bril-
liant rcnown, now canonized hv death. form
the Just pride of the country tx TIE names
OF Clay and Calhoun has not been slow t.
dag to its aid talents and attainmcnt> Of the
highest or'lrr,and of every diversity Of char
acter. whether practical or scientific.
Mr. MNcs diIatcd on the inventive Genius
Of our ronntrymrn, and its inralruIaLlc ben
Gifts. The American mind is inqui,itvr and
eclectic, as well as original and inventive
We seek To do justice to class Just now
much spoken against, by quoting the follow
IN
! shall he parlonol. SAYS he. if in this con
nr'tlon speak OF Il class Of public servants
who, iii ss's. opinion of many. are rather a
supel1hlHls incumbranrc upon the State. or
At best "wiSclv KEEP, for show" bat who.trom
the opportunities afforded hv their public res
Idcncc ahr".d. nave sometimes had it in their
lowcr to introduce new and most valuable
branches Of hu>la,ulrv from foreign countries
itO their own. 1t xaS Sir Richard Weston.
English Ambassador to the low countries.
who two centuries ago, introduced from
Flanders the culture Of that invauablc plant.
the red clover, and the field culture of the
turnip also. into England, Franklin, fresh
from the field of its miraculous effects. mal,
plaster of Paris speak for itself to the mere
lultv of the PENNSYLVANIA farmers by trac-
lly us name pom thtiI uldSStS Ill Il powder
which, in few short months, sprung up into
vccetahe alphabet that one might run and
read. Gen. Humphreys. Minister of the t.
nitcd States to Spain. about the commence
mcnt of the present century first made know
to us, as a larwc importation of his own. tn,
value of the Mcrino sheep which has sine,
been source of so much riches to this par
of the Union; and your own Chancrl,o,
Livingston, Minister to France. about tn,
same time obtained from the French govern
mcnt, and sent to the United States. spcci
mems of the famous HambouIIrt flock, tha
NAV rc considered the germ in America, q
,ho," French Ncrinocs whicilarc now attract
in@ such general attention.
II has been supposed that As his pursuit
are liai,l" to hazards ana vici>>i;udr>. tn
farmer should he content with smaller profit
than men cngagrd III other cnlplovmcnts.-
This is not 50. 1t requires, SAYS Burke, trr
times more Of labor. Of vigilance, of attention
"t skill. and of rood fortune also. to carry o.
'hr business of farmer. than what belong
,nc French economists do in claiming for 40
Tlcultural Labor as the o,,IV productive Oc'ru
Is,ton, or even as Adam Smith. who urc
"o"nc"- it the n'1>t productive of all. the az
rlcnltnri>t may justly claim an equality wit
the other pursuits in a tendency to promot
national wealth, ana family aspire to a meas
IRE of remuneration for his labor and capita
t" hr determined by the same rules of pr,
portion and the same principles Of equity.
Tie Standard at agricultural profits in F.,
ROPE. Mr. kivc> thinks. is higher than is er!
orally in.aGinrd. Burke and Sinclair c,,
mat them t" "a" twelve to fifteen per cent
They can scarcely he less now. The, al
not probably below that on the continent
The allie and experienced director of tn