Weekly national intelligencer. [volume] (Washington [D.C.]) 1841-1869, 1853-03-26
AUsTRALIA-BRIr1sH COLONIAL poLItY
FROM THE JOURNAL OF coMMERoE.

yeiopment OF various elements Of growth tending
perty and greatness had invested Australia witan i'm
portance generally recognised, and especially Great
Britain 1t little thought sxty-fve years aao that
colony Of Cos male and $50 female convicts w guard
of marines, and their families, numbering men women,
children only 2l2 then founded the shores Sydney
cove would expand within the next half century int -four
shng State with commercial capital better BULL paved
and lighted than Of the Oldest cities of th mother
country, containing fifty sixty thousand peop all en-
oyng the advantages of order comfort cleanliness and
security. Yet this description truly applicable to
the colony of New South Wales and Sydney is capi-
tai before the gold discoveries had given eItraord
nary impetus to its business and population In 1890
imports into New South amounted to So 100 600
the exports to $7O5OOo. The population in that year
was $4,000 The colony then convict colony, and
continued TO be or the next ten years. till transportation
thiher was abolished in 1S40 by order in Council
at the instance Of Lord John Russell then Colonial
secrstary a r. IN $40 the imports Ind inereassd 70
1850 00U and the exports in much greater RATIO
indeed to exceed the imports reaching the sum o
20 thus in twenty years the imports had in
creased VA, 500 0O0 and the exports 6000 OOO The
next year. 1851 the increase in the imports exceeded
l,0O0OOO, and in the exports S., ,000 amounting
respectively to 81 600 and SS 984 000 and the popu
laon which 000in $780, hadncreased to 200 600
This almost unparalleled rate of progress received
impulse from extraordinary causes for the gold Disco
| veries did not take place till the close of 1851
The growth Of Victoria has been still rapid New
South Wales borders the of New Holland
northern ana western undehned; but Victoria
bounds 1T on che SOUTH the line dividing them being
arbitrary one, running from Cape Howe the southeast
angle of the continent in west-northwes direction to
South Australia This colony founded in 1885 by
company Of active and energetic men, who established
themselves at Port Philip against the consent of the Dr
tsh Government which refused to authorize settlement
there on the ground that it the policy ef England
concentrate the population of the colonies and
the expense of protecting small scattered settlements
AT the expiration of ten years Victoria had population
Of $4,000 her imports valued at 81 240 000 and
her exports at 81, $4,000. Six years later in 1861
her imports had risen to $5, ,2So00O her exports to
$ll5OOO, and her population numbered 81 00S. Then
the gold discoveries and in few months the influx
OF dggers sweed her posuatsn 10 000 The number
of British emgrants to Auetralia in 1862 81 434
The growth achieved and the elements of future great
developed in these colonies considerations that
would of themselves have precuded tie adoption Of
other than and generous policy the regulation of
their by the mother country But to the credit
OF England it must be acknowledged that principles of
justice and lberaty have for years governed her colo
nial policy Lord JOHN RUSSELL perhaps claimed 200
much credit for his predecessors but he arrogated
due preise to British satesmea-of later years when
1S40 in his capacity of Secretary for the Colonies
clared to the Houseof Commons in languageworhy alike
of his lofty character and elevated position
" As to governing colonies think cannot do better
than refer TO those maxms of policy by which
guided upon this subject appears ahnt pro-
vidng that wherever Engshmen they should enjoy
English freedom and have English institutions, they acted
justly and wisely Thsy adopted which calcu
lated TO promote harmonious feeling between e mother
country and the colonies and which nnbed who
out to those distant possessions to the seeds of eommun
ties Of which England may always be proud"
The experiment successfully applied TO the Moth Anne
rcan Provinces establishing the institutions Of the
mother country in ths Colonies of enrustng the admin
straton Of their affairs to legislators of their cleo
tion has been adopted the colonial policy of England
and wherever the system not yet in operation has
been but partially adopted it awaits only that degree
social consolidation and material development requisite
for its safe and benefcent sway Australia despite
her sinister origin has achieved these essential conditions
The admirable department of her population under the
extraordinary circumstances incident the gold dscove-
ries eynces their power Of sefcontrol The local Exc
cutive had time TO take precautionary in
anticipation Of the immigration that suddenly swarmed
the interior districts but both in New South Wales and
Victoria the general department Of the people order
ly and credtabe They resisted the temptation labor
Sunday There desertions from the regiment
in New South Wales from the fifty soldiers bleted in
Melbourne the only force by the way at the disposal Of
the Government Of Victoria Under these circumstances
Tory Ministry hastened accord concessions of
which the coonists had showed themselves emnently
worthy and Sir J. Pakngton, notwithstanding his
seryatism, wise and liberalminded statesman, in June
last advised the Government at Victoria that the dspo
sal Of the derived from the gold to be regu
lated by the local Legislature Subsequently he trans
ferred the control Of the lands in New South Wales
the Colonial Legislature At his retirement from Office
he was engaged maturing other concessions which we
happy TO learn his successor the Duke of Newcastle
together with the efficient UnderSecretary for the Colo
nes, Mr. f. Peel prepared in the most liberal spirit
carry out They have indeed already transferred the
establishment TO the colonists In the nomna
ton Offices the recommendation of the colonial
tive in almost every case controls what remains Of the
patronage Of the colonial department Of the home Govern
The veto Of the Crown is seldom interposed, and
the Secretary the readiness Of Government to
the Colonial Executive TO act for the Crown in
respect to the approval Of legislative acts affecting local
matters provided line Of demarcaton be drawn dis
tinguishing local from imperial subjects The Legisla
tive Council of New South Wales is occupied, with the
consent Of the imperial Government in preparing ord-
for the amendment of the constitution, which will
substitute two elective chambers for the present Council
to which will be committed the exclusive control Of the
entire revenue territorial well general the price
of their undertaking defay in addition to the whole
cost Of their civil Government for which permanent
preparation Is TO be made also the expense of military
protection The only remaining grievance Of the Aus
traan colonies transportation is to be abolished The
convcs Of the present year only will be sent to the in
significant colony Of Western Australia 1900 miles dis
time TO the imperial Government to devise substitute
applicable to secondary offences.
FROM THE PHILADELPHIA INQUIRER.
Australia is rapidly rising into new Empire IN the
Southern Sens If half be true that is related only few
years will eapse before this colony of Great Britain
will assume the position Of independent nation and be
recognised as such only by the mother country, but
by the civilized world Its progress in population and
resources within short time has been truly wonderful
The onward movement too, has only commenced Great
Britain ia full of excitement upon the subject, aud
without reason Thousands and Of thousands Of her
children have already directed their footsteps to this new
land Of promise and other thousands preparing to
part The movement too has reached this side Of the
Atlantic and all our leading ports fine ships are cup
for Australia Nay the late advices inform us that even
thus early the United States had quite fair
ton among the goddggers Of the Australian III Dorado
The progress Of the yield within eleven months from