The daily union. [volume] (Washington [D.C.]) 1845-1857, 1853-11-30

Upper TYibutaraeas
,bbough there is communication BY considerable
s Nssro one Of the largest tributaries OF the Amazon.
I lhus the valley of the Ansxou may be regarded fair
!. including the valley Of the Orinoco yet there 10
distinction between their respective climates
M valley OF the Amazon, distinct from that Of the
njsoco, has superficial area OF than 100000
mare miles aud the valley OF the Orinoco computed
.iosraey, possesses the remaining number OF square
nss necessary 10 make up the 2o4stoo included 10 hs
..lIsy OF the Amazon in its brosdss extent The valley
al The 0fnoco H. 10 great extent one OF long continued
bought and Tremendous rains alternately. Both coun,
ne, are rich in their productions; but on the score OF
os4lh the difference il great Humboldt has described
y detail ,hs climate Of The Orinoco and Lieutenant
.ay has with his usual felicity OF language described
hal Of Amszoaia We will make few extracts. tVsl-
Fl 'Is coansn, Of South America is very near
bn shape Of that IshtanSle triangle It's hyPo,s,
u,s rests on the Pachc Of its legs extends rom
Cape Horn to Cape s. Rogue Here the nTna angie rs Is
q ROGUE in latitude deg south to Cabo La Vela,
Il the Caribbean sea. in latitude u deg. north" .
!" This longer lex il that between Capes Horn and 81
pooue-i, ia $500 geographical miles in length The
aSss leg has only 1850, but the hyp0ensse which
ysnds on the Andes and rests on the Pacific, is more
hsp 600 miles long
"Ths con6gursiion exercises powerful influence on
me climates Of South America, especially as II regards it's
svs,osraphy The great rivers OF that country, the
mshy Amazon and The majestic La Plata. resultans
his confg uration In consequence OF having the sea
I,opiW
hsmisphere and looking to the northeast, and in con-
sou,nee of having the sea-ftont winch rests upon the
nr leg in the southern hemisphere TO look southeast.
lie northeast and southeast trade wines, as they come
CROSS Inc Atlantic filled with moisture, 20 fucharged
o The interior, dropping il in showers they CO. uolil
hey reach the snow capped SUBMITS OF The Andes.
where the last drop which that very low temperature
can wiring from them is deposited to melt and feed the
sources Of the Amazon and the La Plata with their rlb-
utares. L.,
east and the soulheast-meet 10 the interior OF South
America, somewhere between the equator and the 18th
mus OF Darien This place of meeting is place OF Gains,
and where is there II 10 rainy
This Circumstance. and other meteorological agents,
America especially the valley of the Ornoco. into the
nny and the dry; SIX months OF constant rain, six
months Of blighins drought is the condition here !.
"Not 50 in the valley Of the Amazon. there n ne
more rain falls there in months than in others, as
does here with u.s. STILL there, here, may rain, and
does rain. any day j, the year
"Now, what ought TO be the condition Of an inter-
topical country whose plains arc wa,ered by frequent
Showers unaccompanied by single drought during ages
Of perpetu al summer! Why, fertility and salubrty; for
il such climate anything and everything will grow.
The rapid production and constant decay OF vegetable
natter that have been going on there Tor thousands and
thousands OF years must have made the soil rich with
vegetable mould"
Such are the regions which the false most pencious
policy OF Brazil ntcrdic 10 commercial intercourse with
other nations Never will we question her right 10 ex.
cude commerce with her own ports. however impohlc
might be the exercise OF such right But that against
which protest il the infracon OF the law OF nations
and Of every principle OF sound policy, BY BazPs inter-
dieting other nations from the navigation OF the Anna.
zon-thai Iiyersea, of her own editors has called
it, TO the nations upon IFS upper Northumberland her pro-
hbon OF other nations from the free exercise OF the
eoelative right OF going Up the Amazon TO those vast
and opuent countries which are ouspead partly upon It's
own channel and partly upon mighty rivers which How
mic it, We contend that this il contrary TO The law OF
nations, an obstinate exercise OF might right, and
nuisance and an outrage 10 be abaed.
The case OF communication by a narrow strait be-
tween two seas 10 precisely analogous TO this Wheaton
md other writer's, and treaty stpuIaons. in accordance
with natural right this subject. recognise such chan
% :. free hishway Tor %s,ch.n yssssis OF al nsons
lonal Law. p. 239. sec y
"As to straits and sounds bounded on both SIDES by
The territory oil the same State, to be
handed by cannon shot from both shores. and commun
eating from one sea 10 another, we have already seen
iba, the territorial sovereignty may be limited by the
right OF other nations TO navigate the seas thus connect
ed The physical power which the State bordering on
both sides OF the sound strait has OF approprating its
waters and oil excluding other nations IRON their use,
here encountered by the moral obstacles arising from the
night OF other nations 70 communicate with each other
II The straits OF Gibraltar for example, were bordered on
both sides by the OF the nation and il
they sufbcenily narrow 10 be commanded by can
shot from both Shores this passage would not be the
es freely open 10 all nations, since the navigation both
10 ALL Thus. il has already been stated that the navka
on Of the Dardanees and the Bosphous. by which the
Mediterranean and Black seas are connected together il
free to all nations, subject TO those regulations which
ndspensaby necessary for The security of the Ottoman
empire
II examine the rationale OF this law, the principle
which constitutes the basis which il rests 10 the
venence and advantage Of The naOns situated IT the
extreme OF these straits. or without them. on either side
The principle 10 analogous, rather identical, with
reference TO nations situated At each end OF some great
natural channel stream, and which can approach il
only by the side, or ts main continued
channel tributaries thereof the Other The benefits
10 be commerce OF nations concerned is the foundation
OF the rule. In the case OF the Amazon, the benets
present and prospective, are greater than those which
can result from the free navigation OF the Dadaneles
and Bosphoru., which benefits have caused Them 10
be declared free the merchant vessels of all
hons, Within the limits Of the e00,oO0 square miles
on the Upper Amazon. and the tributaries OF The
Amazon exterior TO Brazil, are TO be found not only
immense vegetable wealth. bot large proportion OF the
silver and gold which 10 constitute the necessary ad
dlons to the circulating medium of the world. These
additions ought to keep pace for the beautiful action OF
commerce and cultivation, with the augmentation OF pop
ualon The population Of the world, under combna-
hon OF benixnant causes. is rapidly increasing and al
yer making deductions for the foI'es and destroying ef
iecs Of unnecessary and occasional pesence, we
may reasonably expect in hundred years to double
us present numbers Poiosi since a discovery, has fur
nsned sixteen hundred millions OF dollars oi silver and
Helm, British miner and traveller who long
before The year 1919, computes that il then capable.
with propvr machinery Of producing over twenty mil
ions Of dollars These mines are in Bolivia. In Peru
me mines OF silver and gold numerous one on the
DIVIDE between the aers Of the Pacific and those oil the
Amazon, called Cerro del Pasco, now, and for many
years past produces than Two millions OF dollars in
silver per annum.
Bu, this view Of the case will be briefly but more fully
presented after coscludiog the discussion of the question
Of right A.
POLITICALLY RUINEp.--Nr Wicker, Yankee Mac,
comedian TO the born republicans" related the follow