The Belmont chronicle, and farmers, mechanics and manufacturers advocate. [volume] (St. Clairsville, Ohio) 1848-1855, 1853-08-12


5, 'moothed with plane, and thus changed int
D. any form desired for oreconomy or convenience
e IL Is less abundant than serpentine, but
e frequently found with it.
f No. l9.-Sandstone is composed of grain
g oi sand or quartz, cemenied into rocks, com
i monty by iron. 1t abounds in many countrie:
S and is much used for buildings, and is tn
r material for grindstones, whetstones. an
e other similar articles.
No. 20-PuddingstQne is rock formed O
i pebbles, and cemented by iron. The pebble
: are commonly quartz, rounded by lopt
course of friction. When the pebbles ar,
{ limestone, not rounded, the rock is calle
1 breccia.
Z Nos. 81 and 22.--Coal. Mineral coal |
5 divided into two great families-bituminou
2 and anthracite. The former contains hydrogen
; which produces ready ignition, brigh, blaze
; smoke, smell, tar and coke. Anthracite il
composed principally Of carbon, which il
IgnIted less readily, produces little blaze
smoke, or smell, no tar or coke, but higher
neat, and is more durable. Dituminous coal
; IS found in Pennsylvania, Ohio, Illinois,
Missouri, Tennessee, Alabama, and other
States. Nearly all the anthracite used comes
from Pennsylvania. Both are found in various
| parts of the other continent.
| No. 23-Fossils.-More than 1000 differ
ent kinds Of animals are changed into stone
or petrified; the greater portion of the species
now extinct or unknown in a living state
Some animals thus petrifed were larger than
elephants; others are microscopic, or too
small to be seen by the eye alone. Micro
scopic animals thus fossilized, and now form
ing chalk, flint, mari, &C., were once alive,
and possessed Of the powers OF action and
enjoyment. One fossil, called the Lily Encri-
mite, or stone lily, is found to contain more
than 100000 bones or joints. On some por-
tons of the Erie canal, rocks composed of
different kinds of Encrinites are so abundant
as to be used for the walls Of locks. They
receive fine polish, and make a beautiful
marble.
Six hundred different kinds or fossil, or
petrifed plants have been discovered. Inl
some cases, large trees, and even forests, are
changed into stone. Many kinds of plants, |
especially ferns, are found in slate and other
rocks about coal mines.
No. 24.-Coral-Myrads OF insects have
been at work for thousands OF years, in form
ing rocks and islands in many parts of the
world. They have built from the depths of
the sea large masses and ranges of rocks,
many thousand miles in extent. Their work
is generally in a circular form, frequently sur
rounding islands. They leave openings suf-
ficent for ships to enter, and space enough
between their work and the islands for safe
harbor to ships when entered. The rock thus
formed is called coral; the ranges encircling
Islands, coral reefs; & the insects engaged
in the work, coral insects; of which numer-
ous kinds arc known, but are all small.
! No. 25.-Lava.-A volcano is a burning
mountain. More than three hundred have
been discovered upon the earth. Some OF
them are constantly throwing out fire, smoke,
ashes, and melted rock; others burn for
time, and then cease, or perhaps break out in
new place. Some of these volcanoes have
thrown masses of melted matter, which has
passed of in streams to the surrounding
country, covering surface larger than some
of our States. The matter thus thrown from
volcanoes is called lava; and the hole or open
! ing from which it is thrown, is called crater
The highest volcano is in the Andes noun
tains, more than 1900 feet high, which
sometimes throws out matter 5000 feet above
its summit. In some cases, the quantity ofl
matter thrown from volcano is greater than
the whole mass of :he mountain from which
it is thrown. In 1888, two streams of lsya
flowed from mountain in Iceland, one fifty
miles long and twelve broad, and the other
forty miles by seven-averaging one hundred f.
in thickness, destroying twenty villages an d
nine thousand inhabitants. Most of the is
lands in the Pacific Ocean, and many in 9TH
er parts of the world, are volcanoes. Some
islands have risen from the midst of the sea
in modern times, by the power of volcanoes.
0TThe editor of the Columbus Statesman,
who started with the pleasure party for
Niagara, seems, from following, to have got
enough of their entertainers hospitality by
the time he arrived at Cleveland:
might make this letter. written before
breakfast and in hurry, the medium of vas, !
amount OF personal intelligence, by running
over the nomenclature of editors: but there
is little use in that. Nearly every paper is
here by its editor or sub. You ought to have |
seen the boat last night about midnight, when
they got through coaling-with the humanity
strewn about it. Carpet sacks were con-
venent as pillows, and if one half got state
rooms, they fared better than | could possi-
bly, have fared, judging by the luck had dur
ing the day. was tie very hindmost in the
hindmost car-had to stand up most OF the
way; and being the last served, did not come
in for my share of the dinner aud other tickets
so "munificcntly provided, &C." The check
taker here insisted or taking my checks, and
having my trunks aboard the boat. He put
two of them on the wrong boat, and after
had got off again, found the biggest here
among some old lumber on the depot corner.
That's fun! Ohio! geliorious! hope--nay,
know, my bretheru of the press will have a
better account to give. If they have not-I
trust that excursions will not become popular,
On account of their cheapness. I don't like
TO write this way. feel as If ought to
praise somebody. There are generous inten- ,