Vermont watchman and State journal. [volume] (Montpelier, Vt.) 1836-1883, 1853-12-15

oniederation have yielded 10 the liberal policy
SIN resisted by Brazil in regard to the nayiga-
bic rivers within their respective territories
Treaties embracing this subject among others
have been negotiated with these governments,
which will be submitted to the Senate at the
present session.
A new branch of commerce, important to the
agricultural interests OF the United States has
within few years Dast. been opened with Peru
Notwithstanding the ncxhanstble deposits OF
guano upon the islands of that country, consider
able difficulties are experienced IN obtaining the
requisite supply. Measures have been taken to
remove these difficulties. and to secure a more
abundant Importation Of the article. UntOrtu-
nltelv. there has been serious collision between
our citizens who have resorted TO the Chincha
Islands for II, and the Peruvian authorities sta.
toned there. Redress for the outraqes. com
mltted 10y the latter, was promptly dcmande by
our minister at Ldma. This subject is now IN
der consideration, aud there Is reason TO believe
that Peru is disposed to offer adequate nlc,nni-
ty TO the aggrleyed parties.
We are thus not only at peace with all for
eign countries but, IN regard to political affairs
are exempt from any cause Of serious disquieiude
IN orr doncstlct relations.
The controversies. which have agated the
country heretofore. are passing away with the
causes which produced them and the passions
which they had awaken; or If any trace of them
remains, it may be reasonably hoped tina, it will
only be perceived n the jealous rivalry of AN
uooi citizens to testify their respect for the rights
of the states their devotion TO the Union, and
their common determination that each one of the
states. its institutions, It's welfare and It's domes
nc peace shall b. held alike secure under the
s,cred Hgis OF the constitution
THIS new league OF amnv and mutual conf
Itteit tho of
republic have entered, happily affords Induce
ment and opportunity for the adoption Of a more
comprehensive and unemh lrrassed line Of policy
aud action, as to the great7noteria interests Of
the country. whether regarded IN themselves or
Ia connection with the powers OF the civilized
world.
The United States have continued gradually
ana steadily to expand, through acquisitions of
territory, winch, towmuchsoeyer some Of tiem
way have been questioned. are now universally
seen and admitted 10 have been wise in policy,
just ia character and great element 10 the adj
vlucemeni of oar country, and with H. Of the
human ruce, IN freedom. 200 prosperity, aud ia hap
pness. The thirteen states have grown TO be
tiuiy one with relations reaching 90 Europe on
tie one sile. ana on the other to the distant
realms OF Asia
nun deeply sensible Of the immense response
b.hy which tsa present magu tude OF the repua
he. and the diversity and multiplicity of its inter-
csts. dcyoiye upoa nae the alienation Of which.
So far as relates TO the immedate conduct Oft
public business Is, FIRST, 10 my reliance on he
wisdl.n and patriotism of the two houses of con-
rses-; and. secondly, ia the directions afforded
me by the principles of public poiliy. affirmed
By cur tltAers oi the epoch l93S. sanctioned by
long experience, and consecrated anew by the
overwhelming voice OF the people Of the United
States.
Recurns 70 these priacipes. Nhich constitute
The ersanc basis of union, we peneeWe tiiaf. vast
as ar the functions and the duties % the federal
government vested 10. OF entrusted 20, IT'S three
great departments the legislative, executive, and
judicial. yet The substantive power, Tee popular
force, aad The large capacities for soca ard tlu-
tnl development, exist ln the respective states,
which. oll being of themselves well constituted
republics, as they preceded SO they alone are
capable of mlunlsiuing aud perpetudIng, the A.
merc1n Union. The federal government has its
appropriate line of action 10 the specific and Inn
tied powers conferred on u by the constitution,
chiefly 20 those things M which the states have
common interest boz their relations 10 one an-
either, and foreign governments white the great
mass of Interests winch belong tocuiuyateu men,
tla ordinary business of life, the springs of IN
dn.uy, all the diversified personal aud domestic
adlrs OF society, rest securely upon the general
reserved powers OF the people oi the several
states. Inere is ihe riecuFe democracy OF tine
uaiion aud there the Vita essence OF ITS beng
and lls greatness.
OF thr practical consequences which flow from
tie nature OF the federal gn'erune ut, the primary
one IS tne duty admin slerng with Integrity
1nd hleuiy the hlgh trust reposed IN IT by the
constitution, especially IN the app'lcatl OF the
pubic funds as drawn by taxation from the peo-
pie aud appropriated 10 SPECIFIC OBJECTS By con
gres>. Happily nave no occasion 10 suggest
any radical changes M the financial policy otthe
government Ours Is almost, It no' absolutely
lac solitary power OF Chiistenion having sur
Plus reyelue, drawn immediately from imports on
commerce, and therefore measured by the spon-
'aneous enterprise ana national prosperity Of the
country, with such indirect relation To agriculture,
manufactures, aud the products OF the earth and
sea, as 20 violate no constitutional uoctrinc, and
yet vigorously promote me general welfare. Mel
Their as 10 the sources OF the public treasure nor
as 10 the manner of keeping and managing It, does
any grave controversy DOW prevail, there beng
genera acqu!esence il the wisdom OF the pres
eni system.
The report OF the SECRETARY OF the treasury viii
exhibit, m detail the state OF the public finances.
aud the condition OF the various branches Of the
public service administered by lhet department OF
the government.
lae revenue Of the country levied almo IN
sonslbly 10 the taxpayer goes on from year 10
year Increasing beyond either the Interests or the
prospective wants OF The government.
A. .io closo Of tho fiscal vpur opfiiutr limo IN