The Caledonian. [volume] (St. Johnsbury, Vt.) 1837-1867, 1853-07-16

purpose of drainage These side entrances.
OF which there are several. are or feet
wide and about high. Upon the bottom,
rail tracks are laid, and upon small ears the
the vein stone and copper lOo>encd bY blast
ing are carried out. One of these entrances
penrtrates the hill 1900 feet, and others a
less number. From the surface shaft, are
sunk for the double purpose OF ventilation
and the procurement Of copper, some Of them
between two and three hundred feet, and
others till they strike the levels. At the
mouth OF one OF the shafts laid a mass CT ore
Just taken out weighing four or five tons
1t was drawn up by horse power attached 10
a win,ila,S- The iragmentary parts Of rock
and copper are hro't up in kibhles or large
iron buckets. When solid veins are struck
they are cut 10y steel chi>els into parts TO Toe
handled conveniently. | saw many pieces
OF copper, nearly pure, We" ching from , TO t
tons The amount Of copper annually taken
TO be doubled in three wears. The value of
the yearly product OF these mines is now near
" 81 100000.
But my letter viii be too long if 20 much
further into particulars; must however al
lu'te To the mode by which the veins of cop
per are discovered This Is not only curious
but Ii suggests 4 fruitful theme for reflection
From the base Of the hill leading towards the
summit are seen slight drpressionS on the
surface OF the earth Uncovering these, it is
found that they trace a VEIN OF copper living
in rocky formation. and the signs are clear
that the '!'prc>>iOns are the work of another
and an ancicnt race; most probably the In
dan. Living along these veins. are often
found stone hammers, (oblong, with a groove
around the center Tor fastening the handle
copper wed"c>. and coal. They evidently
made fires upon the VEINS, and then separat-
cd the copper from the rock 10y wedges and
hammers saw specimens of these impic
mcnt> corresponding. in finish with sucn as
are often found in New ENGLAND and oi IN
mi>taAahlc aboriginal manufacture
The copper ore has at some period been in
\ state OF fusion The evidence OF this Is too
PLAIN to admit ot doubt. Impressions Of twi->
OF trees the stem and toliagc-arc a. clear
upon Masses Of copper as il they had been
made hut Yesterday The existence Of mass
q Of clear copper in rre,icy> Of the rock, Just
filling, apparently. an cpcn space, adds still
further confirmation o., the fat.
At some future time. may a!ule parricr-
!arly 10 the Will and romantic scenery sbor;
Lake Superior, the climate. soil ami HI. PEG
pie, hui have not the Time to do 50 now.
Before closing my hastily written rIi>tlc
wish TO say word for the benefit OF travel
Irr> TO rh~ Lake Superior REGIONS Many
now travel MO these regions for recreation
,,o. ,-..t-,,-.:. -. l. .-a,cl viii incrta>,
yearly >arh d NAV design 10 uIrichil,.n
themselves Tor TN, purpo>'' would advise 10
lar M'NNIGHI'~ Ia. SUPERIOR LINE
"F SIfANFE> |; Rms r..pnia-'. ':, o. e.
ianl 70 ont"n i-on. ;ourhinr AZ Detroit. an1
is the safest line ;.ayrr>ins the Lakes The.
e .itLrrp, under the charge of Capt. JOINS.
Il @cntIcmanly and experienced navigator.
runs from Cleveland 10 Sault St Marie: and
the "H''i;ta"r', Capt. SHOCK. also an atten-
ti'r AMI >ki.!;ul seaman, runs from the Slut
10 the end Of steam navigation on Lake >u-
pcrior. Mr Mcknight Is one OF the carl
c>t naHi-a'or> hy steam OF these upper re
gon>. and provides with liberal hand all
the cnnvcnivncc> the traveller needs for his
comfort His boats are commoliou<. neat.
sound and safe. and under the care of gentle
manly and ohli-ing officers His Line Is
supplied with life prc>crvcr>. plank>, and
life boats, Other boats run on the same line.
hut they are usually old and cast off boats
from other waters