The Jackson standard. [volume] (Jackson C.H., Ohio) 1847-1888, 1853-12-15


form yon that the republic Of PARAGUAY
and the Argentine Collaboration have
yielded 10 the liberal policy still resisted
by Brazil. in regard TO the nayigatIe riv
ers within their respective territories
Treaties embracing this subject among
others have been negotiated with those
governments, which will be submitted to
the Senate at the present session
A new branch OF commerce. important
TO the agricultural inter ests Of the United
States has. within lew years past, been
opened with Peru. Notwithstanding the
inexhaustibIe deposits Of guano upon the
Islands Of that country, considerable dif.
ficulties are experienced in obtaining the
requisite supply. Measures have been
taken to remove these difficulties, and 10
secure more abundant importation ol
the article. Unfortunately, there has
been serious collision between our ciii.
zens, who have resorted TO the Chincha
islands for it, and the Peruvian authori.
ties stationed there. Redress for the out.
RACES committed by the latter, was prompt.
lydemanded by our minister at Lima. This
subject is now under consideration, and
there is reason TO believe that Peru is dis.
posed to offer adequate indemnity 10 the
aggreved parties.
We are thus not only al peace with all
foreign countries, but, in regard 10 politi
cal affairs, are exempt from any cause OF
serious disquietude in our domestic rela.
tions.
The controversies which have agilated
the country heretofore, are passing away
with the causes which produced them
and the passions which they had awaken.
ed; or, if any trace of them remains, ii
may be reasonably hoped that it will only
be perceived in the jealous rivalry of all
good citizens TO testify their respect for the
rights Of the States, their devotion 10 the
Union, and their common determination
that each one of the States, its institutions
its welfare, and its domestic peace shall
be held alike secure under the sacred
ggis of The Constitution.
This new league of amity and Of mu.
tual confidence and support, into which
the people of the republic have entered,
happily affords inducement and opportu-
nifty for the adoption Of more compre.
hensive and unembarrassed line of policy
and action, as TO the great material inter.
eSts OF the country, whether regarded in
or in connexion with the pow.
erS of the civilized world.
The United States have continued grad.
ualy and steadily to expand, through &C.
QUESTION of territory, which how much
soever some Of them may have been
questioned, are now universally seen and
admitted to have been wise in policy. Just
in character, and, with it, of the human
race. in freedom. in prosperity, and in
happiness The thirteen States have
grown to be thirty,oue, with relations
reaching to Europe on the one side, and
on the other 10 the distant realms OF Asia.
am deeply sensible of the immense
responsibility which the present magni.
tude Of the republic, and the diversity and
OF its interests, devolVes upon
me : the aIleviaton of which, so far as re-
lates TO the immediate conduct OF the pub.
lie business is, first, in my reliance on the
wisdom and patriotism oi the two Houses
OF Congress; and, secondly, in the direc.
tons afforded me by the principles Of pub.
lie policy, affirmed by our fathers OF the
epoch OF 1898, sanctioned by long expe.
rience, and consecrated anew by the over.
whelmng voice of the people ofthe Uni.
ted States.
Recurring to these principles, which,
constitute the organic basis OF union, we
perceive that, vast as are the functions and
the duties Of the federal government, vest.
ed in, or entrusted TO, its three great de.
partmentS, the Legislative, executive, and
judicial, yet the substantive power, the
popular force, and the large capacities for
social and material developement, exist
in the respective States, which, all being
of themselves well constituted republics,
as they preceded, so they alone are ca
pable Of maintaining and perpetuating,
the American Union.
The federal government has its appro.
pirate line of action in the specific and
limited powers conferred on it by the con.
chiefly as TO those things in
which the States have common interest
in their relations to one another, and TO
foreign governments while the great
mass of interests which belong TO cultiva.
ted men, the ordinary business of life, the
springs ofindustry, all the diversified per.
sonal and domestic affairs o. society, rest
securely upon the general reserved pow.
ers of the people OF the several States
There is the effective democracy of the
nation, and there the vital essence of its
being and its greatness.
OF the practical consequences which
flow from the nature OF the federal govern.
ment. the primary one is the duty Of ad
miniStering with integrity and fidelity the
high trust reposed in it by the constitu
lion, especially in the application Of the
public funds, as drawn BY taxation from
the people, and appropriated 10 specific
objects by Congress. Happily | have nc
occa sion to suggest any radical changes
in the financial policy of the government
Ours is almost, il not absolutely, the soil
tary power Of Christendom having sur
plus revenue. drawn Immediately from i'm
posts on comm ,rce, and therefore meas
ured by the spontaneous enterprise ant
national prosperity Of the country, witt
such indirect relation to agriculture, man
ufactures, and the product Of the eartt
and sea, as 10 violate no constitutions
doctrine, and vet yigorously Dror1ote tht