Richmond daily Whig. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1842-1861, 1853-09-01
Russia n it Ia
THY pOupcrOTStr

ment has conferred the honorary title of Commercial
Manufacturing Councillors, II they have suffered
any criminal Indictment ami failed in business
Themselves their widows rise into the class OF he
reditary respectable ercns. So merchants who have
belonged uniuterruptedy for years to the first and
for twenty to the second guild. Any Who has oh
tanned the diploma of Doctor OF Master from any of the
Russian Universities, petition the Government be
included in the class OF hereditary respectable ctreus
artists and special pupils of the Academy Art have al
50 this right Of presenting their diploma OF membership.
Foreigners living in Russia, If they savans artist
merchants, owners of extensive manufacturing esab
ishmens, they become Russian subjects and have al
ready belonged for ten years the class of personal
spectacle citizens have the right petition admission
into the hereditary class OF the title The rights
and privileges of respectable citizens in hberatng
them from the captation tax podueschroc from the
cruitment from corporal punishment by either civil
military Judgment from having their heads shaved during
and pending trial All the of the bourgeoisie
in criminal as well as in police affairs subject per
sonal punishment inflicted by rods paiti the Of
nine tails, pieinia
Below the bourgeose with all the above enumerated sub
divisions various special corporations from that of the
merchants down to that of the workmen, there exists
still inferior class called that Of the suburban inhabitants
not separately Incorporated but administered by the
boards OF the city to which they belong IL composed
principally of agriculturists day hborers who thus
form the last link between the bourgeoise and the peas
ants All other persons living any city by special per.
mission and devoted trade artisans are called sim
ply inhabitants citizens, yti o6ydte from 6yoat to
frequent
This is condensed outline of the legal and social posi-
ton OF The Russian buTgeOi-e In surveying the whole
some minute and less interesting details have been
omitted Being distinct body, the burgcoisie form their
boards committees internal administration B
th. Airart Of 81, -
mcnt exercised by the Governor of the County by the
Chief OF Police VINO i generally resigned military oi
GER and IN judicial Affairs, 10y the Government Attorney
anu ms assistants rdtSehi The Recorder othe ennia
meetings is elective. by the the above emu.
merated divisions, into which the inhabitants OF every
municipal community up and as result of the
existing numerous classes and OF the minute definitions
OF the position and OF the rights Of each-fom all this
arises the obligation keep kind of precise berad
record for each special corporation nay for each
family; and such recorder, called or elder is
elected by the community The inhabitants of the LARGER
cities elect for their internal administration of Justice
kind OF arbter as well a. judges in each ward Likewise
board for directing aud distributing the quarters for rarr
soned or transient soldiers In such cities there are ar
chitectura boards elected for directing the construction
OF new houses guardians and superintendent Of public
municipal buildings well "a of private Further
there members and directors of the establishments
public credit and Of banks where they exist Thus for
example, in Petersburg there being special commercial
bank, issuing bills, its operations directed by spea
board elected by the merchant class presided over M
nominee OF the Government. In large commercial cities
special commercial tribunals likewise elected as are
the members OF the board of quarantine brokers not
riCs public, suctOneers, assaycrs and in Peer>bu-r
committee to direct aud watch the public Exchange
there IS however not much obbing foreign stocks are
prohibited from being quoted and the domestic ones are
not so numerous and fuctua'rg attract and stir up
the gambling passion. The operations on the Exchange
are for the most part purely commercial
In all these general we'll special elections MOBILES
owning houses cities, which they generally do liant mot
inscribed in the guilds, participate ony by fu6lInr
the iormAy OF entering of the guilds and then th.y
he elected any office within the range of the our
scose. But no public uuctonaries OF the government
If the of houses can be elected IN any ri
cpal Office In this sort Of official with the nobles
the bourseose maintains it, ground rather proudly and
haughuy A. the class of citizens are not admitted Ia on
'y any right or privilege Of the nobility and cannot meet
TIE nobility any where on equal footing they do not fee
At all hOnOred do generally the bourgeoi-e of other
countries, by this participation Of The mobiles in tho p-ii
rights rescrved 10 the burghcrs Accordingly though
HUhlcman may have the right he elected b mInicin,I
oAee lie i pretty sure to "a IN his attempt Such things
have been Tried aud aim lst always unsucce~-flly Even
IN St. Petersburg under the immediate pressure OF tie
supreme Government nav, even under that of tI.
esona interference OF tee Emperor rXcrtcI To secure
size election 10 the MugcpA Board of NtryscIknc ON.
Of the Grandccs of Russia and distant relation of the
Imperial hmiy-as the mother of Peter the Great WAS a
NsTvschkiue-thc bOurgeOsic resisted all answering III
T,S'y In me lse oil the Sovereign, that the nobility
dId not admit IIem they would not admit the nobility
In all these internal elections for iur;sion and admin
Sraunn, the exclusion from participation in tho gen
erl government any common action with a superior
class strictly maintained The burpcose are surround
cd With fence which they legally pass Inoe case
o"S the bourseusc partly participate beyond this cir
cl>cripon lnd IN an Official capacity thus the no
hly IL T. n the partial administration Of civil and Grim
na justice. The first Judicial Courts are composed As
have shown, u specially elected municipal magistrates
TIE second, or Court VI Appeals, the tribunals in each
county, formed from members elected hy the uniliy
To each OF these tribunals the Of the CITY
where the tribunal Is situated elect one member to The
civil and a'.atler to the criminal Jurisdiction.
This l. the only where the boargeoisic reach be
yoni The borders OF close corporation and participate m
something legally superior. but not in this clsear
they put ON equal grunud with ihc higher class Each OF
the tubuuns i composed OF president and of tire,
members elected by tie nObityO president and
recorder, named by the Government both of whom r i
cours", nob men. 70 them is added one buraher only
aud one free peasant, both Of whom have scarcely voice
90 'he council when the pending suit does concern any
member o. tIs:- own class.
The above succnc sketch 81 th5 various shade. and
subdivisions into which the Russian bourgcosc are dvi
ded sufficient to give idea how complicated cir,un
sgrihrd aud up IN parcels how Cramped and surrour
ded with iron bonds, is this Numerous aud eminent BODY
in the Russian social order. Distracted ia 4ny free move
mcnt heavily chained by laws based the spirit of caste
they can by onward but are fururi Ia IA
Dor forever n the sIIne arena as Ia ife.i mill ft.feI
perp'iuay to the same spot 10 the citizen bur CHER
wishes 10 change bis legal dgmcr Icinuvr his e,rsb
hmtut hom clty region 10 another lee f. Obliged
70 go through the narrow pass VI ytrou. oppressive for
G,i'Irs. Impe iiirt- meet him every flucp ppr.
H-,IU assent admission there j. nothing like freedom
With the czsePt.n IT very small number among the
"ho!e WHO reach tue regain ~ special prylrge the
majority Of this class are by the S caste almost alb
spu'ciy prevented rom giving .ibstantii mental and
intellectual development to their children by thorough
education. The mpediments thrown in their way extend
ALMOST equally to both Thus woman may bee aid
to be subjected 10 mental stupor The limitations or
rather exclusion by tie law O the male the pale Of
higher culture and Attachments penetrate and petyade
tie customs and the practice In domestic he to
cast heavy aud irc- cloud arOunl the household hearth
IN the primary elementary common school, established
u large cities, district. towns and smaller b0ruusl. the
teaching limited 70 the first T4duens such A. reading
"ruHs, arithmetic, aud occasionally TO burning incense At
the alter O CIfs. IN such schools the girls Of the bur
she- can 10 taught But there possibility ofiuy fur
;her educauonnO opening Eharg for onward pog,s
With the exception u Petersburg Mccoy Oicss- ant
lev 0ihor cities there exists go private boarding schools
where young -i.- can be- Instructed Petersburg Moscow
aud .oJ other places have large establishments. where
the Daughters Of the nobility brought up and rllclaI
pr Ht least Vanished. These Embellishments Hfr under i,
superintendent of the Euprca and u tho gai hdi1 of
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