New-York daily tribune. [volume] (New-York [N.Y.]) 1842-1866, 1853-01-22
The Volcanic Character Of Italy -The Buried
Cities of Pnmpeii and Here ulanenm.

Cities OF POuipCIi ana Ifercuiahcnm
BY PROFESSOR sILLINAN, OF YALE COLLEGE
The eighth lecture of the annual course be-
fore the members of the Brooklyn Institute, was de
nvered on Thursday evening by Professor silliman
His subject was the Volcanic Character of Italy, In
Guiding the old volcanoes about Rome, and their phys
ica effects notices Of Roman ruins Nesuvius and liz
physical effects the buried cities OF Pompei, and
Hercuancum together with description Of his travels
through France and Italy In commencing the lecturer
remarked that there had been fault found regard
ing the length OF hs previous lecture, Che spoke two
hours) and Notwithstanding the subject OF this even
ings lecture he would endeavor 10 learn wisdom from
PAST experience and not fall into the error again
lie then proceeded to the subject Of his lecture as
follows
LADIES AND GENTLEMEN Thecondtion oithc planet
upon which God has fixed our residence ~ regards its
internal heat is / apprehend, but little known. The
progress Of research has extended our knowledge on
that subject, however that 1t no longer remains
point Of discussion whether the earth "a heated m ts IN
terror much greater degree than the sun meats ON
the outside The internal heat OF the earth Is proved by
direct experiments gentleman ia still living IN las
who fret called the attention Of BIOLOGISTS aud phoso
pliers 10 this subject He OF those scientific men
who accompanied NAPOLEON 10 Egypt, when no went on
thnt great expedi'on-for Napoleon took with him not
Only the wesponr olwar but he took much more i'm,
poItEnt cohor-hat IL, men Of Science, and Art, and
ties of that most important aud venerable country.
great literary work resulted from this expedition,
which proved to the world that the interior oil the
earth was i. a heated state, by bringing together
facts, already known, in regard TO mines and springs.
This general principle announced has been followed
up repeatedly by very deep behring's, called ArtcsiRs
wells presume there are many here who have seen
the very deep well IN Paris Thu well had been worked
uuon Tor SereR years, without reaching water, when
ATago forward and gayethe Government the assu
that if they would continue their work, aud go
a.
find water. They continued their work TIL they got
down through the chalk, when tho water up a
great volume Of twelve feet This water still flows
there and doubtless viii continue 10 flow the end OF
time This water was found 10 be- very hot Many
other Artcsian wells have been mode all Europe,
for various purpose and the Uniform result has been
that We ind the earth increasing in heat the lower
90 down The most striking example have of this
is that Of Luxembourg, in France, where they bored
nearly eight hundred feet Add to this the testimony of
those who work ia very deep mines, and ascertain
the fact that the rate Of heat increases about
degree for every fifty feet of descent that If we
weretO 90 down two miles, We should find boiling water
and az ten miles might reasonably expecttO arrive at
isnifed rocks Is I'll then beneath us on hre am not
prepared 10 say with some that this the case although
there strong evidence 10 justify such theory. Wit
the geysers Of lcelsndwhere hot waters gsh
Ing up from the earth age after age and century after
century The result Of all the observations springs,
soes 10 show thet they hsrmGi-that H. OF higher
empenisTR Tho Azores present avery important fact
in example The Hot Springs Of Lucca, in the Apen-
nine Mountains, large spouting springs, OF very
high ten pcfaturc, copOus that they may be relied
upon for hot baths all the year round Another
the Hot SpIDgs Of Bath, la England. These the
remarkable az there are volcanoes Ia the Brit
in lsandr We know that from the time Of the Romans
these waters have never ceased TO gh up in vast album
dance
The hot springs OF the Rocky Mountains are slso very
important, sna the great sst lake in Virginia is very
Lot Ticking the Aresan Wells ard the Thermal,
have from these the best evidence OF tho heated
temperature OF the internal portion the EARTH and the
Is placed beg Ond Ill question BY the great volcanoes
IL the world. And here have decisive eVdence that
that heat which viii melt the solid rock not connected
with ony external cause tor, among the cold icy
tans there are volcanoes bursting sp To he hight OF
l2O00 feet.
Passing through sweden, We srd no volcanoes But
Il asserted by scientific that Sweden IL gradually
rising cut Of the water 1t II rsing at the Of about
four feet a century In Greenland, tie other hand,
there places where, century ago missionaries
stationed which are now sunk under water 70 Scan.
dinaya IL rising, ana Greenland sinking Passing on
through France, along the Rhone, find the
and currents Of lava where they flowed and filed upthe
lakes that led 70 believe that they al
WAYS here. JULIUS Cesar encamped along here and ~
makes mention of ths In Spain spd South America
slso md great great volcanoes bursting The TACT
is the word Il on fire. Il hss always been FIRE. II
kindled u the time Of IL creation and hss been
burning ever since. lhpplluse
The Aps are not volcanic. There u no proof that ,
there hss ever been any eruption though many parts
are composed u piiJn stOne, which have been
changed around IA buf APPS very Ot<n
tossed BY earthquake which shows mat there great
hest underneath. Prom Verona We took ga e1cuIsion
20 mountain about thirty miles distant called the
Great Fish QueAers Hero there ere hsh Of every SIZE
ffom one 70 rye feet n length The rock IN which they
lie u s,r4iifed rock From ls place there have been
taken ten. Of Thousands Of these hsh. Immediately
covering dis hsh rock there lies volcanic rock aud
u IN another fshrock Now. how q this strange prob
lem 10 be explained There IS no doubt but that II
once sea wEeTe thsse lsh are nov found. Tney hc-e
ouce swan around "a The water. For q Is absurd 70
suppose LAT they have always been IN this rock They
"a re there nstaraily how should think that dur.
ing the volcanic movements there, there wa vast
cusrt.iy Of mud thrown Up, snd these fishes were
buried I'D in evil hour. And there they lie now |
Applause. Coming 70 the City Of Psdua, 10 Italy we
also perceive volcanic Eppearsncer Large estabi.h
ens here bt;ed ~ t0r hot springs; ind nary ueY
Cns Wit them. Cong tOEgr Rome &c find mum.
lTous skss anu iagooas n Tuscany, where there
ery ex,ensye u1afsles where YspOr steam and raza
Te rising ell tie TINE Il has been said that Rome was
1uh upon FCleano but there y no proof OF ti. Go
Nc toward TIE C1pp0Sza, We Gid very extensive but
teTIe anc, over winch marched a old the great az.
llses WEeh szbdEed ths wcrd. Then we conc 10 A
.uftett 81 lava, called tie lbdaIa AonNf. This cur
.lt q lava once flowed through = crater and almost
cached TIE City Of Rene. The famous App.sn WAY
thefe now nearly ~ perfect a. when Il Travelled
y thsse old Romans We alkO yis.ted small place
Tear Rome, called Arie-s-oi which Horace saii
ATic.a k11Ptfo rosscO." And should think Il was
osP'sn nod'ooi lor i Z poor place enough assure
lou.
The lecturer went On 20 speak OF his Vii, 20 the
stseoLabs under the Chapel OF e. stephens, where he
a. both nazed and nszed By the extent Of their
ecre,ed Themselves ben persectsted by Domiisn and
Zero. lie then weKf 10 describe his wit 70 Mount
9efuy W. and to the buried cie- OF Pompes and Her
ulsn p rernsrking thar % tho-c who might have oc-
.tIlcT ~ ssceHd any high mountain, be soul ,a!s