davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1853-12-26

or starvation-life or death-and that If agi-
tated it would unite the agricultural popula-
ton from the Giants Causeway to Cape Clear
and from Connemara to the Hill Of Howth
Having suppressed the meditated insurrec-
ton, they addressed themselves to the work Of
land reform. The Encumbered Estates act was
the fruit of their labors What is the nature
of that measure?
By the law Of primogeniture and of entailed
estates not only were large quantities of land
square miles of the choicest of the soil-held
by a single landlord, but, no matter what
amount of debt was incurred by him, no mat
ter how his estate was mortgaged and en-
numbered, it could not be sold, for it must
descend to his heir unbroken, and by his death
the whole debt was wiped away, the inheritor
being under no obligation whatever to dis
charge it, By this system the creditors were
robbed, the cultivation of the land was neglect
ed, the great proprietor absented himself in
London or Paris where he wallowed in luxury;
and to enable him to pay the enormous intere
of the loans raised, the very vtals of his tenants
were squeezed out by agents and drivers in
the shape of rack rents" Thus, the fruits of
the soil were borne away to enrich other lands,
and Ireland was impoverished The bill APP
piled remedy by forcing the sale of encum-
bered estates, the object OF which was both to
pay the creditors as far as the produce of the
sale went and by selling the property in lots,
TO break up and divide large estates into small
ones. The extent to which the estates that
have been sold were encountered would be in
credible were it not demonstrated by process
of law. The mortgages have been actually
found to be four times the value of the pro-
pc rty, and the estates which sold for ten mil
lions and half pounds sterling. were encum-
bered TO the tune of some forty-fve millions.
Such is the profigacy Of the Irish landocracy.
Since 1s49 up to the present time 1,6917O2
acres, or one-twelfth of the whole area of the
island, have been sold by tho commissioners
under this law; and instead of 10s1 owners,
who possessed all that property before, it has
now passed into the hands of ,214 proprietors.
Thus, instead of estates averaging 1864 acres,
held each by a single 'lord of the soil, the
million and tw o-thirds of q million of acres
are apportioned into farms averaging 400 acres.
Among the old proprietors were the follow
The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1853-12-26

RowERY THEATRE, Bowery-Afternosn-PLouGH
4,Tp,rn LoRD-CHERRy FAIR STAR-6ooD FoR
NorirIse. Eysning-oLp ApAN-sIAMEsE iwIss-JoE IN
The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1853-12-26

BURROWS THEATRE, Chambers strees-BLAcK AND
Emrr-hAIp WITH THE MILKING PAIL-AuaAy CHRIST
D. oLDEN TnE.
The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1853-12-26

BROADWAY THEATRE. Broadway-cArARAcr OF THE
gANGEs-fHk RENDEZVOUS.
The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1853-12-26

NATIONAL THEATRE Chatham street orning-LrT
TILE KATY Afternoon and Evening-UScLE ToMs CABIN
The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1853-12-26
ANUS EXENTs TO-DAY.

nALL-JUILrrs's CONCERT.
The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1853-12-26

wALLACK's THEATRE, Broadwsy-GAME OF LIZ
Old TiMk NEW TINE
The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1853-12-26

AMERICAN EUSEUM-Fiye Performsneas-Hor CORN,
slock Morning. and and in the Afternoon.
FAINT HEART NEyxa Won FAIR LADY, at and 8 in the
m nfug
New-York daily tribune. [volume] (New-York [N.Y.]) 1842-1866, 1853-09-27

The Hard Shell Demonstration last night was well
attended and enthusiastic There firing of cannon,
cleaning Of rockets fancy fiery pieces of patriotic i'm
port, &c. &c. The speakers were Daniel 5. Dickin-
son, George w Clinton, James T. Brady, Richard Bus
teed and George w. Morton. Augustus Schell of
Hard Shell fame, presided. Quite serious accident
happened by the breaking down Of the PLATFORM just as
Mr. Brady had begun his speech. We give such ac-
counts as our reporters able to get of the speech
es. Accommodations for the Press at these Park
meetings generally amount to the privilege of cropping
in the dark over rough board which is every minute
SCI dancing by the fists of listening speaking parties
and bearing upon your shoulders half dozen gaping
loafers who take that mode Of resting themselves
while they listen to the orators With such annoy
aDces-and the addition Of roaring drums, barking can
mons, yelling crowds, kissing rockets, and all the noise
and confusion Of the OCCASION to say nothing OF break
ing down platforms and rolling into the dirt-reporting
always sufficiently difficult is almost impossible. If
the Press should few occasions withdraw its re-
prefentatiyes this annoyance would be abated-for
nine tenths Of the real value Of political gathering
comes from the reports thereof in the next morning
New-York daily tribune. [volume] (New-York [N.Y.]) 1842-1866, 1853-09-27

Ser.n an sorry o. s1Fror 81 replied re
sho nc hehedthe TooT h0rse ny YEN
- -. go n yor know b, ID, AID Shat AZ.
- :, 4. ,ferfif' Well said the inzred i,fFils Il
49, 4 srsr &c ns- WOOL h5-le ssa- Ant ny ft-nd
III svs = ooiy torse sEa have no faith IN r. II
vii tick AZ Elo1er- 49,.
Al. Prince John You fellow OF infinite Jest
Yor ought to be say good things these ani you
would # you were only standing your own Pltform
"a Diekinsons But you don't begin to believe in the
creed adopted by your feOwsofts in their shortBOy
Couyention-beeve in nothing but the they
brought there to grind and the now manifest mPossi
bility of giving q satisfactory edge TO them. Where
be your jfbes now Your gaInbols Your songs
Your flashes of merriment, that wont 10 set the
table in a roar Not one now TO mock your own
crinningl" Al John John Get of that rickety,
rotten Hunker Platform, where everybody sees that
you are Lot really standing but only seeming TO stand
and give US one of your good old speeches with snap
to it, tha, sad just what you meant when you really
meant something beside axgrnding Give Us at least
a rehash of your letter to Vermont, announcing the
dissolution Of the Democratic party that to Boston
procaing resistance unto death TO the Fugitive Slave
law Give us some sort OF taste Of the clever Prince
John Of purer and better days
New-York daily tribune. [volume] (New-York [N.Y.]) 1842-1866, 1853-09-27

want work snd fair pay for IT. with these they calcu-
ls.e on padding their own boat The Glass who barr
aboui the Rich in quest Of ayors OF some KIND are 40
fair sample OF the Poor though they dishonor their
OWE clsss aud I'll the heads of weak rich meA with err
roneOas Do~ons often causing them to assume repal
sye naughty aspect toward those who are as ndePen
dent as they are.
? 1t would net be true charity in the Rich TO lend
or give to all vino ask of them The better hAh OF
the Poor do net ask; and of those who do ask three
fourths would only be injured by compliance Dr.
Franklin left handsome legacy to be lent out 10 small
SUNS to poor young men in Boston; his wishes were
obeyed but many of the borrowers never paid aud 1t
is question this day whether more have been bene-
fitted OF damaged by bis well-meant charity. man
must first learn how to money before he entitled
to borrow it, and before il will be likely to 10 him any
good.
g. He who gives money freely 10 erect or adorn pub
lie edifces does not throw it away. Poor men earn
and receive it for their labor artisans and it does
them more good when obtained in that way than If 1t
had been given or loaned TO them.
T. II is not true that those habitualy liberal to-
ward public objects niggardy in private. True,
they do not give SIT who ask of them-no one does
or esn-but they give quite freely othersdo That
their aims are secret is proof that they are non
existent
). There are large especially in great cities,
who truly need charity OF these are invads' Grip
pies. widows with young children, orphans, &c &c.
Half of these may be undeservng indolent still they
must not be left 10 starvation driven into vice But
in nothing are care thought investigation more essen
iisl than in slmsgyiug. There is no charity in sup
porting in ideness those who must work for living
There is charity in lending money to one who lacks
the capacity business tact requisite to making good
use of it, Help those who need help; help them to
bread and shelter tonight ii they need it, but to work
and home tomorrow. Remember that to linda needy,
capable person chance TO fairly earn dollar is far
better than TO give him one.
We believe this rule will hold generally good Those
who have given most in openhanded charity have least
faith in that same means OF permanent good. 3D.
New-York daily tribune. [volume] (New-York [N.Y.]) 1842-1866, 1853-09-27
THE PACIFIC RAILROAD SURVEY.

NA>hiNotoN, honOAN Stpt -. leA
The following is an extract Of letter from genens,
attached 70 Governor Stevenss Surveying Expcition:
"FoRr UsioS, Saturday, Aug GlsSs
we have had the greater part Of the way three ss,e
raj lines survey hrst. the main party, under 4
OF Governor Stevens in person passing In tae mneiAs
vicinity of the southern bend OF Red River of the NoA
crossing the Cheyenne twice. and being only nom 6hesa
10 twenty miles south OF the Meme wska Lake and thence
TO Fort Union second olfshoct from this, leaving ~
mais party Pike Lake. keeping soath OF the line ales
described, and joining the main party az Fort Union;
third reconnaissance has been made by Lieutenants Doe
elson and Mullen. OF the Missouri River from St Lous
this place Li,uts Doneson and Mullen arrived here
the ID of July. Lieut. Grover the s6th aud sss
party. LIST August With 4 Lyle exception no untowaN
accident has bofalen either party Arhcer White, a.
Engineer soldier OF Lieut. Donclsons command accident
silly shot himself few days before arrival meeting
with instant death We have had delightful weather an1
an agreeable time good grass and water throughout and
have encountered serious obstacles to railroad conus
ton. We shall move again on the sh and will proceed
two parties Font Benton, whence make attach
on the Mountains.
New-York daily tribune. [volume] (New-York [N.Y.]) 1842-1866, 1853-09-27
THE CRYSTAL PALACE.

The charge for admission to the Crystal Palace Is hence
forth reduced to trentyEre eenls as fellows
l. For associations companies Of Working Men, aP
plying in considerable numbers for admission together;
For ell persons arriving by Excursion Trains arranged
expressly for visiting the Fair and
For ell persons, without exception, on each Saturday
To Others than those included above, the charge will be
fifty cents each admission heretofore, and there viii be
weekly tickets
These reductions we trust wiz b. heartily greeted by
the public Why should we not gathering Of Fifty
thousand IN the Palace Saturday afternoon and evening"
New-York daily tribune. [volume] (New-York [N.Y.]) 1842-1866, 1853-09-27
THE LATEST NEWS
RECEIVED BY
MAGNETIC TELEGRAPH.
AFFAIRS At THE CAPITAL.


w,sHrsSros. Monday Sep, u. iss,
Tie Cabinet engaged during lis ertre session 70 A.
on Secretary Marcys Pronunciamenso to the aa.,,..
Government rels;ive to the KeSzia affair The aOesu
on this subject viii no; be made pablo for sOe days vt
The President is the only gnitAry hers who "a. :.
cited about NewYork political affairs He appears ,,,.
and sefposSossed but viii act energetcsy in ~
ton thereto Hard heads viii h. decapasea il ,Aev an
pose the polcy OF tire Administration Il Is not inn,As
be that officially Collector Bronson aud U AEsr,.,
OCoror win suffer decapiiaon for the whih he,
have proftssed to take but they win die gracefully \,
placing their designations in Mr. Guthries hands VIA
expected on here in a day or two
The JRos publishes the letters Of Bronson and 0cess
snd accompanies them with searching comments hau
in effect that they accepted Office knowing that the ps,
of TIE Administration would be to endesvOr to unie s
party and utmates that their acceptance led 6al
ii they did not intend to support this policy The gss b.
tween the Harris and "SOAs" Is here CONSIDERED IN
possible
New-York daily tribune. [volume] (New-York [N.Y.]) 1842-1866, 1853-09-27
THE CINCINNATI GANG OF coUNTERFEIrERs

IINCINNATI, Naturuay, otpt - Is'J.
John 3 Dye arrested this morning, charged win
keeping an Office for redeemng fraudulent bank notes b.
ing similar to the charge against VIM. McCammon.
The of both parties came up before the Poice
Court this afternoon when McCammon fined $500 and
costs which he paid and Dyes was postponed u
next Tuesday, he being held in the sum OF $1,000 bad
Dye keeps exchange office, and Ia proprietor OF Dyes
Bank Mirror
New-York daily tribune. [volume] (New-York [N.Y.]) 1842-1866, 1853-09-27
rraWfl be Como y IittIe Katy,. Diving Bed

rF"wffl be Come ~ Little Kstys Dying Bed.
fesuf .,ne with eior,s by pre-, ard VII - L.
sued irrnsdisfel- By + s. BEzEY, Nusc Pssisb-r,
No n Broadway
~ Bald heads viii disappear b. the use Of
DGsEEFs TbN vorder preparation ats IKE
.eharB the hs osrsEns TO grow when evetsnf Else lad
spriiczior sl hi.r Tryr Price
IS cent. boe every where. Prncips dsptt BAREEEs
lsles hsir Drsssins saloon No - Broadway.
WANTED, Ten FRST-CLAss SALgsMES.-Tbose
oy need afrly who have fOOd knorczs o. he SIX Jooo
B-srsss md large eoqusinancs with layers Apply %
MoEEfs / HsLLowELL 4 Co fnisae'p ss
NEW MUsIC-OsCAR COMETTANT-Ths beautiiai
corrossr depth and artistic s snd on 1les e.
The eonPos ias word hss {as; ~
tn Untitled Gabrielle ne Dre-
oB OsI6P spd iDyoes,on sreiEious r1sdA0n- lie AS "
nc s ' . ''-'D- HORACE wS1Ess No 50 Bro,d~ay
New-York daily tribune. [volume] (New-York [N.Y.]) 1842-1866, 1853-09-27
LATER EROM MEXICO.

NV OHIEAN. MOnudY, ctVf, wv.
The steamship Texas arrived here last night with date
from Vera Cruz to the 2sd and City Of Mexico 18th inst
Gen Tornel the Minister OF War died at Tacabsya Il
apopexy on the 18th No had been appointed
General Manuel Michael Torena died at Mexico on the
9TH inst.
The Indians we're still ravaging Durango and Chihuahua
New-York daily tribune. [volume] (New-York [N.Y.]) 1842-1866, 1853-09-27

TEnFERASoE NOnHAuos.-Deegates when or how
elected do know representing the Temperance men Of
the several Senate Districts composing this city met lat
evening and those representing the With XIII xlllh and
XvIIih Wards nom mated sssFoRD L. MAcoaBER late As
semblyman from the Xth Ward for Senator No nomina
ION was made for either Of the remaining Districts
New-York daily tribune. [volume] (New-York [N.Y.]) 1842-1866, 1853-09-27

The next number Of The Tri6rne for EHrope0H cTcula
tion will be issued THIS MORNING, at . O'Clock.
II will contain all the latest News up to the time Of going to
prefs Single copies wrappers ready for mailing can be
had at he dssk Price Six Cents The Niagara sails from
Boston To Morrow ct u Q clock
New-York daily tribune. [volume] (New-York [N.Y.]) 1842-1866, 1853-09-27
l. $ STEAMER FuLToN-MILrrARY VISITS.

PHILADELPHIA, Monday, sept 20, lss5.
The T. 5. Steamer Fulton, from Portsmouth, n IL,
passed the Breakwator this morning bound for this city
The Putnam Horse Guards OF Newark. the Taylor Light
Dregoons and German Rife Company Of Baltimore. sr
rived here this afternoon and received by tho Phis
delpha Cavalry with full mounted band an escort
New-York daily tribune. [volume] (New-York [N.Y.]) 1842-1866, 1853-09-27
To cORREsPONDENTS.

No nee can be taken o anonymous son whstsveT
Intended insertion be authenticated BY ne name ana
the necessarily tor P1blcst0n out -
guarantee d his good faith.
We csnnct rejected Communication
New-York daily tribune. [volume] (New-York [N.Y.]) 1842-1866, 1853-09-27

WosAss RIGHTS CosvESTIos-A Cerelaad o.. 9Th
and 6R-DeIegstes to this Convention may obtain at B1f
fso r o. tekets tha, VIII them passage BY Rail
road to Cleveland and back again under proper safeguards
against imposition. So writes u, Chas. p Wood Of Au
burn, y. T.
New-York daily tribune. [volume] (New-York [N.Y.]) 1842-1866, 1853-09-27

We understand that owing 10 the Unforeseen absence Of
the Hon John P Hale 81 the trial OF the Jery rescuer
al Cana ndagua, tie meeting Of the Independent Democ
crazy viii be postponed unil evening next week 70
Be hereafter announced.
New-York daily tribune. [volume] (New-York [N.Y.]) 1842-1866, 1853-09-27

CoREEcTIos Public Exercises Of thu Westehester
County Agricultural Pair VII b. THURSDAY and Friday
instead Of Wednesday and Tha-slay. announced n
yesterdays TTi5sHe
New-York daily tribune. [volume] (New-York [N.Y.]) 1842-1866, 1853-09-27
par;- Asepcy for The Tribune.
Iandnn Agency for The Tribune

Nh EToUHsEAU 81 Mare, 10 81 Z tLe only a M n
Psr orz 10 receive advertisements and subscriptions FOR Iae
Tribune.
New-York daily tribune. [volume] (New-York [N.Y.]) 1842-1866, 1853-09-27
The Tribune for Europe.

W Tpo~as Nos 10 Csthsnes Strand Is su'hIized 70
receive subscriptions and adveemenf for The Tribune IN London
New-York daily tribune. [volume] (New-York [N.Y.]) 1842-1866, 1853-09-27

Nike Welsh severely II not dangerously isarsd by
the falling Of the staging in the Park last evening
New-York daily tribune. [volume] (New-York [N.Y.]) 1842-1866, 1853-09-27
Nem,1lork Daily Gaibai1e.
TUESDAY, SEPTEMBER q, 1853

~ Fifteenth Ward.-GEoRGE CHoWN vii hereafter TsI-
49, On the FineeuL Weird route Persons "5hias rae
Trbrne In 81 seir res6snee prompt am esy VIZ
ib Mr. C. send them to u oy PENN P :" ~
- - - ssfg-aay and Mr Clown viii coec; IRON that
New-York daily tribune. [volume] (New-York [N.Y.]) 1842-1866, 1853-09-27

psyss wanting TIE T,fbuse len their residences places
viii plssse leave their addresses the Pu5hcson Ohee,
or end 70 through PosOfee Prce III eeats Teek-PaJa
BIZ fofhe ~
New-York daily tribune. [volume] (New-York [N.Y.]) 1842-1866, 1853-09-27
THE LECTURE SEASON.

As the Lecture Season is at hand the following
list of the PostOice Addresses of the most popular
Lecturers of the last and preceding will be
New-York daily tribune. [volume] (New-York [N.Y.]) 1842-1866, 1853-09-27

HATs-The new style goes like wild'nre, ana Ar i
soT h leader Orser yosr aa esrly yoa want NJ II
wes k-the demand y uDprecedented s t : -
New-York daily tribune. [volume] (New-York [N.Y.]) 1842-1866, 1853-09-27

CARPEIs.-W. q T. LEW si No fO% cdTI-SI,' Ha'O
,ber Fall designs Of Velvet and Tapestry
t aDd Carpets eel, brated English nako Thsr
the Of best Velvet from III 10 o Ia
ree best III OIL Cloths aud all other goods equally
s ~ per any house that does not import their
The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1853-10-07
The South American Republics.
TO THE KDIToH OF TIN Few YORK Hn9ALy.

In your issue OF to-day the following frsn ysur
Panama correspondent
medatos another Vxpediton arasst that country vitf
forces raised in Chill and California ana that the sxpuiNss
believe this ut east as California
cerned The citizens Of California lind much more
time than aiding abettins civil wars in vhich svs.
though they SUCCESSFUL their chance
very slight All past experience that yraS-
tude not the leading characteristic of South
volutionists.
Upon this subject allow to offer the following obser-
vaons order that such unjust impressions might
rency among the American people.
After the triumph Of the South American republics the
who had combattcd successfully against ths
SpanaIds in turn conquered by their ambition.
They seized upon the country and ruled it with all the de-
fects of its cent soveregns without in the slightest
degree possessing their virtues In this fact find the
true for all the political changes which have been
worked ont in those republics The South Americans yield
willingly to the force OF desposm. They
love freedom, not a vain WISH bu. a principle,
which leads them to triumph all opposition. The
present rulers Of South America clearly understand that
their and glory consists in protecting the rights Il
the people.
Ecuador notices the threatened attack by Gene
raj Flores than she feared the last She well knows thAt
he es hat could happen to her would be to an
again into the hands of the who having Frustrated
her at his feet FOR twenty years. and quandeed all hs1
resources did not so much plant single tree.
As to the ngratitude Of the South American repubca
you in myself example to the contrary stranger
in that beautiful country she has hopored nae with every
distinction Those alone claim the gratitude Of
people who merit 1t. j vIIL4AML,
st. Nicholas Hotel, Oct. O. 1858.
The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1853-10-07

Public W0vk1-Senor DOnenech.
The Department Of Finance Is thought 10 have been
served for Senior LoreIte, now at Paris.
The Ds'as II Paris observes upon the ministry
The persons who appear destined to become the Minis
ter of the Qaeen Of Spain not unknown NJ Sarorus
Comte dc San Luis and the Marquis de Molias, formed
part of the LAST ministry Of which Marshal Narvae1
President the former Minister OF the Interior and tho
latter Minister Of Marine The Marquis Of Girona. NJ
Castro then President of the Chamber OF Deputies,
and supported the ministry He at this time pies
high idcial post. NJ. Domenech Minister o. Finance,
with NJ 0ldzaga General Blazer Is considered inte
gent officer who has political presidents an VIII
will bring to the ministerial nbination the
operation Of his special capacity. Wa do not We know
the of this crisis but it was foreseen lays
snce at Madrid. II is said that the Queen disat 10
with he cabinet, the weakness II which pointed out
to her General Ler.undi and his colleagues could ieher
succeed in setting aside solving several serious ques
tons and the Queen wished 10 put end to such state
Of things. If may judge from what Is known OF ~
Sartorious and Of the colleagues whom be propose to
the choice Of the crown there is to believe that
the change OF ministry will tend to the advantage OF the
constitutional regime.
The FIca states that the question Of the Protesa at
cemeteries was again discussed in the Royal Council
Sept Is and thai NJ Martinez de In Rosa, and several
other councillors expressed themselves in favor Of the
concession.
The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1853-10-07
The Gibson and Marcy Correspondents.


TO THE EDITOR OF THR NEW YORK HERALD.
SRAs tho referred to in the accompanying cspy
If letter to the Secretary of State stands justice 70
Mr. Gibson to require that 1t should be laid before
the public Will YOU therefore, have the goodness -
publish it, and oblgo Yours, respectfully,
PATRICK MACGRR COB.
NEw YORK, October 8, 1852
NEW YORK, $50 Broadway, October s, 1853
Hon. W. J.. MARCY, u s. SECRKTARY or STATE.
SIR-The NIw York HERALD this morning contains Q
correspondence relating to Mr. Walter d. Gibson, which
Justice to him requires to netics tho
To whom he referred and nferences unfavora
BILE to him, might DO drawn from my silence.
have been intimately acquainted with Mr. Gibson for
upwards of eight years during several of which have
had business transactions with him. and observes
ton which believe to be quite groundless His abilities
and attanments above medocrty his private charac
ter Is unstaned and in his business relations his credit
stoed high both here and in Mexico where he had
that time he sailed on adventure to South America,
leaving several debts unsettled in this city and hence
possibly originated the charges in question At oil events
know OF nothing else that be said against Mr. Gbson
all the know ledge derived from having been his
adviser and being of the state OF his affairs and the
he had made for the future that he intend
ed to return at distant period and qudate all claims
against him. including my own. But several occurrences,
which he had not anticipated delayed his arrival in tbs
place Of destination till the cargo shipped here had
become totally worthless and thus his expectations
frustrated This induced who ignorant Of his
intentions circumstances. TO form esu-
mate OF his character. BY the circle Of his
and responsibility Mr. Gibson is considered gentleman
emneny deserving of the protection of the
seeve also, that he produce reliable vouchers for
the accuracy OF his statements regarding his claims
the Holland government.
have the honor to be, sir, your most obsdient,
PATRICK MACGREGOR.