The Democratic sentinel. [volume] (Cadiz, Ohio) 1852-1853, 1853-12-21

spPaH.sa sls'tnsisl 70 sss hH.e q al eSsasiess 70
Tue ompie Of hns. NJ VIA pther sisiic naiions
"a ls52 an eHpedition vas cent % Japan, under
the c0mmand Of Com. Peuy. for the pnrp1se Of
Opening commercial inteFcourse with that islsnd.
Intelligence has been received Of hs arrival there.
ard Of his hsving made known 10 the Emperor OF
Japan the object Of bis ysi., bat i is not yet as
cer,ained how Gar the Emperor will be disposed 10
abandon his Tesifie,ivs policy and open that pop
uoas 'uRlry 10 scoiamercial inlercoursewlth the
1 Jnited States. Il
fthas ben nv earnest desire 20 mai ntain lriend
u intercourse with ali the governments upon this
continent, and To aid them in preserving good un-
derstanding amonh thems Ives. With Mexico,
dispute has arisen as 10 the tue boundary line be-
tween our territory Of New Mexico and the MeXil
can State of Chihuahua. loTmer Commissioner
OF The United States, employed IN running that
line Pursuant to the treaty Of Guadalupe HIuagn,
made a serious mistake IN determining the initail|
point IN the Ro Granle, but, inasmuch rs his de-
cision was clearly departure from the directions
For tracing the boundary contained in that treaty,
and was not concurred in by the surveyor appoint
ed on the part Of the United States whose con
cuuence was necessary TO give validity to that de-
ciSion, this government IS not included thereby;
but that Of Mexico takes different view Of the
subject
There are also other questions Of considerable
magnitude pending between the two republics
Our minister in Mexico has amp'e instructions 10
adjust them. Negotiations have been opened, ut
sufficient progress has not been made therein to
enable me 10 speak Of the probably result I'M
pressed with the importance Of maintaining amica
BILE relations with that republic, and OF yielding
with ltberalty to all her just claims, it IS reason
able 10 expect that an arrangement mutually 'auS-
factory to both countries may be concluded, and
a lasting friendship between them confirmed and
perpetuated.
eCongresS having provided for full mission TO
he Of al a m ter San
thilher in July last As yet he has had time 10 vi
sit only one of these States, (Nlcaragua,l where
he was received in the most friendly manner. 1t
is hoped that his presence and his good Offices will
have a benign effect in composing the diSensonS
which prevail among them, and in establishing
still more intimate and friendly relations between
them respectively, aud between each Of them
and the United States
Considering The vast Il gionS OF this continent,
and the numbrr of States which would be made
accessible by the free navigation of the river Am
azon, particular attention has been given to Is
subject. Brazil through whose territories it pass
eS into the ocean, has hitherto persisted in poll.
cy so restrictive in regard to The of this river
to obstruct, and nearly exclude, foieign CONNER
cial intercourse with the States which lie upon its
tributaries and upper branches. Our minister 10
that country is instructed TO obtain relaxation oi
that policy, and to use his efforts TO induce the
BRAZILIAN government to open TO common USE un-
.
for international trade. Several of the South A
meican States are deeply inlerestedin this attempt
10 secure the free navigation Of the Amazon, and
1t is reasonable 10 expect their operation in the
measure. ......
AS the advantages of free commercial inter
! course among nations arc better understood
more liberal views are generally entertained as
to the common rights Of all to the free use o
those means which nature has provided for in
ternational communication. To these more lib.
eral and enlightened views, it is hoped that Bra
z will conform her policy, and remove all un
necessary restrictions upon the free use of riv
er which trayerSes so many States and so large
part of the continent. ! am happy to inform yor
that the republic of Paraguay and the Argentine
Confederation have yielded TO the liberal policy
still resisted by Brazil, in regard to the naygablt
rivers within their respective territories, Trea
ties embracing this sub ject among others have
been negotiated with these governments, which
will be submitted to the Senate at the preSen
session. .....
new branch Of commerce, important to the
agricultural interests of the United States, has
within few years past, been opened with Peru
Notwithstanding the lnexhauStible deposits 0
lguano upon the islands OF that country, conSld-
erabe difficulties are experienced in obtaining
the requisite supply. Measures have been taken
TO remove these difficulties, and to secure more
abundant importation Of the article. UnOrtu-
nately, there has been serious collision between
our citizens, who have reSorted to the Chincha
Islands for it, and the Peruvian authorities sta
toned there. Redress for the outrages, commit
ted by the lotter, was promptly demanded by oul
minister at Lima. This subject is now unde,
consideration, and there is reason to believe tina
Peru is disposed 10 offer adequate indemnity Il
the aggreyed parties.
We are thus not only at peace with all foreigr
countries, but in regard to political affairs ex
empt from any cause of serious diSquietude il
our domestic relations.
The controversies which have agitated The
country heretofore are passing away with ths
, causes which produced them and the passions
which they have awakened; or, if any trace o
them remains, it may reasonable be hoped that ;
will emily be perceived in the jealous rivalry of al
GOOD citizens to testify their respect for the right
Of the States, their devotion to the Union, ant
their common determination that each one of tht
States, its institutions its welfare and domestic
peace shall be held alike secure under the sacret
9glS of the constitution.
This new league of amity and of mutual conf
; dence and support, into which the people of Thu
republic have entered, happily affords induce
ment and opportunity for the adoption OF mor
comprehensive and unembarraSSed line of polio
and action, as to the great material interests o
the country, whether regarded in themselves o.
in connection with the powers of the civilized
world.
The United States have continued gradual,
territory, which, how much soever some of then
may have been questioned, are now univerSall'
seen and admitted to have been wise in policy
just in character, and with it, of the human race
IN freedom, in prosperity and in happiness. Tit
thirteen States have grown to be thirty-one
with relations reaching to Europe on the ont
side, and on the other to the distant realms O
Asia. i.E
am deeply sensible OF the immense RESPONSE
bllty which the present magnitude OF The republic
and the diversity and multiplicity of Its interests
devolves upon me; the alienation of which, Sc
fjr as relates to the immediate conduct Of the pub
lie business lS first in my reliance on the wisdom
and patriotism Of the two Houses of Congress
and, secondly, in the DIR ctionS afforded me by the
principles of public polity, affirmed by our fathers
OF the epoch of 1898, sanctioned by long expert
enee, and conseerated anew by the overwhelming
voice of the people of the United States
Recurring 10 those principles which constitute
the organic basis oil union, we pelceive that vas.
are the functions and the duties Of the fetletal
government, vested IN, or entrusted 10, its three
Igreat departments, the legislative, executive and
Judicial, yet the substantive power, the popular
force, and the large capacities for social and mat
rial development, exist in the respective States,
which, all being OF themselves well constituted re-
publics, as they proceeded, so they alone are
BILE OF maintaining and perpetuatiug the American
Union. '
The Federal Government has its Appropriate
line OF action in the specific and limited pow erS
conferred on 1t by the Constitution, chiefly as to
those things in which the States have common
interest in their relations to one another, and TO
tRa n