Richmond daily Whig. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1842-1861, 1853-11-04
NJ. Edmuad's Address.


ply of organic food Tor plants ~Ithu tho ano, phere
which surrounds supply which - constantly kept
up by combustion the decay OF organic aud the
respiration vt animal-pToduciug eternal circulation
OF matter bets.en the earth aud air, by those I'M
changing Laws. which all wise Creator has ordained
Whl>, combustion, respiration. AMI decay tend constant
~ u render the air impure aud unhealthy by consuming
its oxygen aud increasing it, earbonic acid vegetable
life CONTINUALLY absorbing the carbonic acid aud throw.
ing back pure oNygen Aud So, upon the nitrogen OF
the atmosphere by means obscure but still as Ger
tain aud invarsbc. the uniform relation il preserved be-
tween the air and OF the vegetable creation
The earth must produce vegetation To purify tie air
for the health OF The winds will SOW noSious seed
the Industry OF does those that valuable
IL yoi do not stock the earth viii produce
its weeds Tor vcrmn. The material world has It's
changing laws; and amongst these "a plainly written,
that living vegetation spring up To purify the air.
in exact proportion combustion, respiration and de-
cav proceed Cnicr the direction Of intelligent industry
'his living vegetation furnishes the food for animals aud
men The air can supply nutritious crops as easily as eau
noNous weeds Nan has his obi CATIONS and duties To per-
form IN respect To the material after the ike
ne- OF bis Creator with the ucancnts Of viny traced
on him. sud living within him. heis sent forth To sub
due he cath aud have muon every living thing
noi with odcl bands and in sothul idencss but In tho
sweat ct his lace shall he his bread until tao return
unto the earth II ike the suggard he folds his hands
h'stIrs and 6rlrs w spriug W around him, and power
! ~ and want will come as an armed IL
promised To the slothfu bounteous crops should
crown s soh but that hses aud bars the pests OF the
vegetable creation should b. the minSterng agents TO
/ purify the air which he contaminated.
lhs element OF the which il the nutritious princi-
pie OF food i also tue ingredient Q, fertility the SOIL
We have already seen that The clover crop has the pecu
mar power, with the lesunuolS plants, of assmang the
nitrogen OF the air good clover every field should
oe paramount object with the farmer considerable
outlay NAV b. iusuhri bcu; the snd into such condi
ton that u will produce It, large proportion OF the
materials for manurug may be prohth1ly applied to aid
IT, Special manures may be safely purchased 10 effect
tn oJeci When the land has been fac Improved
o secure good stand ct clover plisc: il tie specific
manure for that crop There soils upon which
plaster produces effect IL j. stated ColcnanS Eu
opesn Agriculture s7S tina, in all England, he had not
In Ei a.Nft
Piled with any heaed; whatever soils, marlS and
mestones contain il IN sufficient quantity render its
application unncccssary-and the mere application OF
mari or ine may dccomrosc some sulphate IN tic soil
and furnish sufficient supply. Its gene al effect IL TO
double the crop OF clover aud cannot more strongly
impress upon farmers it, great value producing this
suit than by quoting from eminent French author
Direct analysis shows where the clover crop increased
ton by the Intervention of plaster there gain OF
over one HUNDRED pounds OF ammonia, and this gain is
caused solely bv the application of plaster. ousingault
32S This than sufficient supply large wheat
crop The plaster has direct action upon wheat aud
It i only though the medium OF the clover that its benc
! hcial Influence Is eIerted.
The quantity OF plaster applied to the acre in many
parts OF Europe varies from - 10 10 cWt or three
/ quircrs Of a ton per (Bousinsault SsoD IL
- stated that in moderately MANFRED soil, as all
the world knows, plaster shows sensible improvement;
and that Is TO throw away both money ami trouble TO
put plaster upon unkinily and mpoycrs bottom.
Bousirgault S26l informed of any trials with
plaster IN ,uch quantities in this state prevails IN Eu
opcan practice. But Ia respects the observed FL
ltCsS tlhO HpfuCltiOn unCr the continents. our
sois have not been sufficiently stuffed norhas obser
vAon been sufficiently collected and compared account
for the conflicting results The effect of plaster certain
~ much organic accumulstes in the soil
and more iuvni5e in IL benefits; yet have frequently
very remarkable benefits from land far
exhausted that Il would not produce bushels OF corn
per acre The effects OF plaster striking upon corn
and tobacco upo the clover and it, benefits seem TO
increase in proportion the quantity IT unrOtted litter
applied to the soil and the loagcr intervals between tic
hoe crops Many OF the failures in the of plaster may
n
coil aud where the system heretofore pursued in the
state has been one so cNhausng it may be proper 10
guard the farmer against conclusion TO
Ne va'ne Of plaster rom single failure. Wherever 1t
Ecceccs regard il in connection with clover, 10y far
the OF economical aud valuable fertilizer; and that one
10 the rhie benefits Of all other applications land
to bring The soil into fhSt condition. ch will enable
plaster and clover to act efficiently. good clover crop
contains with the exception OF sica, s of the organic
aud inorganic elements Of large wheat crop in excess
When this secured the farmer has ui the foundation
Tor good wheat crops aud ior successful Improvement.
Tie Society will perceive that am urging course OF
Practice, which has IN yieS the accumulation OF organic
natter IN tie soil in te spsedies practicable time No
observing farmer who Ia. looked TO the OF culture
10 ih State 'rnT IT, tis- settlement be ignorant OF
ne great loss ~ organic matter that las cnSUcd sue
cessve 81 tobacco the virgin soil, frequent rope
uucns Of the crops followed ty wheat oNts shall
low p.ouEh'H-s excessive grazing, with intervening
lmeiuratng crops, characterize the outline of de-
-ruciive sV>t@m. We look back the past.
vain regrets but gather instruction. pur
pos here = rcproiche hut the seed
II k'OWecge, To stimulate nv encouragement and to
promise TO the intelligent application labor and industry
| he fun ruiiion OF
The vegetable the soil tends TO retain the
| uo saline matter and 20 keep il from being washed
'~ay; the presence il considerable quantity
<TaDle when wish maintain sniI in Il high state OF
| fertility. The lands may be ploughed much deeper.
| and the IT, IrOus effects of heavy rains to a con.
siderable degree obyntei The of the fertzng
! me'i- are snllhe-mt Of them highly Nov, the
quantity Of water that is Of land j. hun.
tired ,".- Tor every inga u dph, three thousand
Tor thfiv inches te usual annual fall oi The sol
cent power OF wa'sr aud the annual average quantity
Shich falls sufficiently certain for practical nurpo-cs
he nIury resulting land will depend upon it, con
iuou; the land he projected by grasses the flowing Of
wafer over 1t, pro iuc'- only beneficial effects Such j.
the whole theory OF Irr; on-whcrc in practice the
er OF streams Is turned upon the meadows aud made
ovefa'F them for several weeks then turned for
days and again turned upon them for week.
aud this alternate fDDIi.g aud driving continued Tor
he sediment deposited 10y tue water though -rdi-
ncnt increases the ELECT without any psrcepuble
sediment may he successfully uGi-nor does the success
depend upon the want Of water for irrigation il pracisci
100 England and Scotland ia the months OF December and
January, when the soil q zuurItei with The
dOus for are that the land bc thoroughly drain.
ed and the water be- KEPT flowing and be permitted
'Aguate.-( Low Practical Ag 574) The running of
water over Iaud' rroter OF by grasses, whether from
| streams or showers, must be regarded as beneficial
II Is when land il cultivated containing but little veg
eiaOie matter, plougned shallow left unprotected by
covers aud grasse. that heavy may be feared
pen the soil ant increase the quantity of vegetable
matter, le-4 and less injury results until you reach the
extent Of modern Improvement. in the practice Of sub.
-oIlng aud tile draining. Then informed wien the
and thoroughly drained aud SUBSIDIZED 20 that the rain
sinks where II falls and makes ~ way through three
feet Of soil before 10 escape IL Is question whether ~
binary circumstance, it will carry away much
tn 70 brings with IL rom the air I'D Quar-. Jour Az
1879, 5y2. Pot. JohnsonJ II the quantity which It
carried into the tile drains apprccabc analysis would
! detect the qusuiiy and solve the doubt aud such
a question would never have been stated mat.
| ter Of doubt, by - distinguished chemis, PRO.
/ e.sDr Johnston. This furnishes a striking iustri-
| ton Of the absorbent powers Of the soil of the
organic mft'cr cOntaiucd in IT, Whatever fertlizing
ingredients the rain Sater may doye when il sinks into
tie Tile drains. the roll has absJrbol them 80 completely
o. - leave 10 doubtful whether the carries away
more than fell from the clouds What stronger evidence
can BE- furnished Boz favor Of thorough draining and deep
po1ghng2 The manure applied on such a soil bccomc.
hfed ihJ permanent until consumed by successive crops
The land should boz gradually broken deeper with the
turning plough N fertility increases. Ia atn cay sOls
early I winter pOughing u aI,.4plc ia order 10 oh
tain the puycfzug Influence Of GOsts aud freezes To