The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1853-02-04


earnest desire Of your government to enter into init
mate treaty relations with the United States-rela-
tions which, in such q contingency, il is evident
could not possibly be established.
am sir, with high consideration, &C., &c.
E. Il. SouIKR.
The Political Situation, Resources, &c.. or
Peru.
IRON I'll Panamenol
The richest country Of America before Hispanola
and the country most easily governed under demo-
cratic republic, is undoubtedly Peru. II has not
found, however, in the Echenique administration,
a government that leads it naturally and grad
ually to ACKNOWLEDGEMENT and prosperity as
would have been desirable. The Presidency
which now rules the dcstinies Of the nation.
was inaugurated under auspices the most favor.
able and ateing to liberty; auspices too, rendered
still more favorable and still more aattering by the
promises made to the nation by its chief Still not
withstanding this, all hope was very speedily lost
by the Peruvans of seeing In the present admins
raton worthy OF succeeding the patriotic rule OF
Castillo. The example OF the latter administration,
and the benefits from it derived by the country
neglected and lost sight of, while an entirely new
system and one tending strongly towards arstocratc
government, was all that appeared on the political
stage. Then the popular enthusiasm fell to the
ground, the masses began to murmur the press
undertook the defence OF liberal institutions and the
opposition denounced the want of faith of the head
OF the government, in neglecting to fulfil his pro-
mises, and for commencing to discharge his exalted
duties with general ministry, while the cabinet
which he contemplated forming was to be composed
Of men accused Of aristOcratic tendencies, and OBJ
noxious TO the democratic republicans. The minis
tiers appointed, and was feared, the persons
called to Office were Bartolome Herrera, priest,
Gen. Manuel Mendiburn, and Gen. Crsostomo Tor
rico; the latter after having for time been Minister
General, subsequently became Minister OF war and
Of the Navy exclusively The wound inflicted on the
country by a cabinet composed for the most part OF
men ayerse to the popular doctrines was mortal.
The press worked in vain, and demonstrated but to
purpose to the political authorities, that MesSrs
Herrera and Mendiburn administered the govern
ment duties with no standard but their own instincts
and without any regard for the system OF government
chosen by the nation. Those protests from the
organ of free nations were all UNDECIDED On the
contrary Don /. l. de Osina, still less republican
than his colleagues, was called to the cabinet.
Meanwhile. ministerial newspaper Is created TO
denounce popular institutions, and to advocate
powerful and energetic governments. The RsUtsfa
lreview) accomplishes its anti-American mission by
attacking the republican governments OF venezuela,
New Granada and Ecuador, under the liberal ad.
mnistrations Of Monagas, Lopez, and UrDlna But
this is not ALL 1t is used as an instrument to destroy
the democratic administrations OF the Colombian
States in favor OF Flores, the fayorte OF Crestna,
while to this aid is added squadron and men to
commence the propagation Of his views in Guayaqil.
The expedition leaves Caao chiefly under the patron
age of Mr. Osma who lends his funds, his ability, his
influence and that of the government for the daring
purpose of annhlating liberty on the northern side
On the southern side the deserters of the American
cause rested Montt, the mandatory of Chill, and
Bella would succeed Santa Cruz in Bolivia.
Let us now cast a glance upon the anti American
plans in Peru. With regard to the interior policy OF
the country, we have seen that General Echenique,
being unable to go on with the ministry which he
elected to govern with him. had to do away with it
to meet the requirements OF public opinion. The
Minister Of War, the only parsonage that was not
odious to the nation retained his portefewNe. To sup
ply the place of the other ministers accused of dis
loyalty to republican institutions, Messrs. Charun,
Terade, and Pierola are mentioned as representing
principles in conformity with these institutions The
Rerisfa, and the Itepee, its successor, were with
drawn from the political arena and their place sup
piled by the Mcnsqjre, (Messenger) a paper repre-
senting moderate ideas. Generally speaking tho
governmental measures are now beginning to con-
form to the respect due the constitution and the laws
OF the country. With respect to the exterior, we
have seen the Flores attempt fail, beaten back with
courage by the. republican loyalty of the
the governments Of New Granada and venc-
zueIa, Flores and his vandal companions re-
turn to Peru, routed, but find there no reception;
the Peruvian government, having had time
to reflect and take better counsel deems it more just
ard proper to give them an asylum on the national
territory. They are obliged to wander in exile.
Ecuador then demands satisfaction, through minis
ter accredited for that purpose, and the negotiation
voble to reason and to justice, invoked by the in
iured nation. We do not know the position assumed
in this matter by New Granada for this country too.
has received injuries, and on the other hand has Tor
4 ~
Of the Colombian States, the just payment OF the
debt contracted by Peru towards Old Granada, for
the aters fTaternal aid to enable the former to re-
cover its independence, and to establish the republic.
Our government having minister in Peru, and the
latter having minister at Bogota, it is almost GER
tain that the settlement which we have right to
require will be made. Bolivia, however, which was
threatened by revolution on the part OF the Santa
Cruzists, entertains feeling of anger or re-
sentiment against Peru we do not know whether the
of complaint is just or not. Its existence how
ever another great object OF international settle.
ment for the Echenique administration and caused
great alarm at Lima, at the time of the departure Of
the steamer. There is nothing in Chilli on the other
hand, that can inspire the neghboring country with
hope or consultations; though vested with extraOr-
binary powers, Months position he himself well
knows is not sure and he is consequently incapaci
tated from doing anything abroad. Peru, then, I'M
fortunately has no friends, but, on the contrary, is
surrounded on every side by foes.
Such is the condition Of Peru. brought on by the
obstacles which have met her republican efforts.
Castillo came into power in the midst OF lamenable
circumstances, precisely when the country was and
had been for many years. prey to anarchy and dis
order. But Castillo Immediately applied the proyi-
dental and magical remedy; he had recourse to the
democracy and by its aid he succeeded in reanimat
ing the political party which was fast becoming
corpse. 1t was weak and sckly when he took the
reins of government, but strong and healthy when
he delivered it into the hands of his successor, who
could easily had he merely followed the beaten track
succeeded in rendering the country great and happy
Republican Perm, with Echenque at its head, would
be an object Of envy to the republics Of the New
World. But Peru conservative tyrant, under Echc-
nique, is what we have already seen, and what we
have just endeavored faithfully to describe. But still
Peru is not yet politically dead and if the good sense
Of the chief magistrate of the nation knows how to
take advantage of the present crisis, his country will
live and live happy and prosperous as all the other
republics its sisters shat governed by the demo-
cratic spirit and institutions Who does not see the
peace and tranquility interior and exterior, the po
puar contentment, the moral and material progress,
the enjoyment in fine OF every source of social happi
ness In Venezuela, New Granada, and Ecuador
Who does not see that these Colombian States have
no difficulties or dssensions with one another, that
they are at variance with nation the globe, that
they are bound together by the closest ties of brother
hood and of amity, and that they are highly consi
dered and respected by the countries with which they
cultivate extensive relations Of commerce and Of
friendship? It is the republic which has caused In
Colombian States that admirable transformation
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