New-York daily tribune. [volume] (New-York [N.Y.]) 1842-1866, 1853-02-09
ENGLAND.
Yteetipps-Financ CiouSs-The Duchess oil
Sutherland and slavery.

LosDoS, Friday, Jsn- q, 1853.
The reflections consequent upon the new
ministerial arrangements are finished Minis
ters have suffered defeat, Ar. Sadieir, one OF
the Lords Of the Treasury, and hitherto consiG
cred the chief Of tie ''Irsh Brigade having
been beaten by Mr.. Alexander, who was elected
by amsjority Of six votes. Mr.. Alexander owes
his election to a cO5IitiOo Of the Orangenen
and the Catholics On the other hand, Minis
terswere victorious at Oxford University where |
the poll lasted fifteen days and the struggle was
extremely animated Gladstone earned the
dsy by a majority Of IA against Dudley Perez
vsf the candidate Of the High Church Party
To amateurs of HGdbrasian logic We can rec
ommend the leaders Of the two contendlng Jour
mails IN this struggle, The Morning Chronicle
and The Morning Herald.
Yesterday, after hong debate, the Direc-
tor, Of the Bank Of England again raised the
minimum rate Of discount from a to 3 per
cent. This circumstance had a1 immediate ei-
feet upon the Paris BOurse, where all sorts OF
securities had TO submit 10 another decline
But if the Bank Of England should succeed ID
checking speculation at Paris, there will remain
omen snotberoutlet for the drain Of bullion: the
imports Of corn The last harvest both in Eng
land and on the Continent Is estimated at one
third below the average. Besides, there exists
sorne doubt as 10 the quantity OF food available
for consumption until next harvest, IN c0nse
ouence of the delay in sowing the seed caused
Iv the wet state of the soil Therefore, large
imports of grain are arranged for, and Will con-
tinue to keep the course Of exchange uniay0ra-
bic for England The goldships from Austria
liza cannot keep pace with the sudden augmenta-
ton of grain imports.
In one of my late letters | mentioned the
speculation going on in iron The iirst raising
n htf ha y A
"a per cent had already had it's effect upon this
branch Of trade. Scotch Pigs, for the last fort.
night selling az 7eI on the 10Th inst. dropped
down 10 GlI. The Railway Share market, 100,
will probably be depressed, since the raising OF
the rate Of interest, by forced sales OF shares
hitherto deposited ms securities for loans, and
the commencement q these operations has al
ready taken place. My opinion, however, is
that the drain Of bullion is not caused by eX-
portstion of gold alone, but that the brisk home
trade, especially in the manufacturing districts,
has full share in il.
During the present mOmentary slackness in
political affairs, the address of the Stafford
House Assembly of Ladies 10 their sisters in
America upon the subject of negro slavery, and
the "afectionate and Christian address of
many Thousands of the women Of the United
States of America TO their sisters, the women
of England" upon white slavery, have proved
pod.send to the press. Not one Of the British
1apers was ever struck by the circumstance
that the Stafford House Assembly took place at
the palace and under the Presidency ofthe Ouch
ess Of Sutherland, and yet the names OF STAT
ford aud Sutherland should have been sufficient
TO class the philanthropy Of the British Arls-
tocracy-a philanthropy which chooses It's OBJ
jects ms far distant from home as possible, and
rather on that than on this side OF the ocean.
= IL. IL. l...I
family is the history Of the ruin and OF the expro-
priation Of the Scotch Gaelic population from its
native soil As far back as the tenth century,
the Danes had landed in Scotland, conquered
the plains OF Caithness, and driven back the
aborigines into the mountains. Mheor-Thair-
Chattaibh, as be was called in Gaelic, or the
"Great Man OF Sutherland, had always found
his companions IN arms ready 10 defend him at
the risk of their lives against all his enemies,
Danes or Scots, foreigners or natives After
the revolution which drove the Stuarts from
Britain, private ieuds among the petty chief
tame Of Scotland became less and less frequent.
and the British Kings, in order 10 keep mp sc
least a semblance of dominion in these remote
districts, encouraged the leyying of family regi-
msnts among the chiettains, system by
which these idiTds were enabled To combine
modern military Establishments with the ancient
clan system in such manner as 10 support one
BY the other.
Nov, in order to distinctly appreciate the
usurpation subsequently carried out, we must
FIRST properly understand what the CLAW meant.
The Clan belonged 10 form of social existence
which, in the scale OF historical Development,
stands full degree below the feudal state;
viz, the pairiarchaI state Of society kIaen,"
in Gaelic, means children. Every one OF the
ussges and traditions Of the Scottish Gaels re-
al hat nf
the clan belong 20 one and the same family.
The great man" the chiettain of the clan is
on one hand quite as arbitrary, on the other
quite as confined in his power, by cOnsanguinity,
Re as every father Of family. To the clan,
20 the family, belonged the district where II had
established itself exactly as in Russia, the land
occupied by a community OF peasants belongs,
not 10 the Individual peasants, bat 70 the COM
munity Thus the district was the common
property of the family. There could be no
more question. under this system, of private
property, in the modern sense Of the word. than
there could be Of comparing the social existence
of the members OF the clan 10 nat OF inlIvidu-
ais living in the midst of our modern society.
The division and subdivision Of the land corre-
sponded 10 the military functions Of the single
members of the elan. According 70 their mill
tary abilities, the chisilain mtrusted To them
the several allotments Cancelled or enlarged
according 10 his pleasure the tenures OF the ln-
dividua officers aud these officers again dis
tributed 10 their vasSslS aud ander-yasSals every
separate plot OF land. But the district at large
always remained the property Of the clan, and,
however the claims OF individuals might vary,
the tenure remained the same; nor were the
contributions for TIE common defense, or the
tribute for the l.sird, who at once was leader In
battle and chief magistrate in peace, ever IN
creased. Upoa the whole, every plot OF land
was cultivated BY the same family. nom genera
ton to generation under fixed impoSts. These
imposts were Insignificant, more u tribute BY
Nhiuh the snnr,anlacN of The :. rrraf maa' and