davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Gallipolis journal. [volume] (Gallipolis, Ohio) 1837-1919, 1853-08-04
Thomus n. Benton,

This veteran statesman comes out no.
bly, in his old age. Heis of the Romans,
and not, by far, the least worthy of
them. He has run truly American
career.
"Born in North Carolina, in 1885,
educated at the Chapel Hill College in
that State; studied law at William and
Mary's in Virginia; entered the army in
1910; emigrated to the Territory Of Mis-
souri, a year or two after; there became
editor of newspaper; saw Missouri ad-
mitted into the Union as a sovereign
State in 1921; was elected to the Senate
of the United States year after; served
in that capacity thirty years; was great
man in the Senate when Webster, Clay
and Calhoun were in their prime; was
defeated in 1851; stumped the State
with the vigor of young campaigner,
and was elected to the House of Repre-
sentatives in 1859; and now, in his sew
entieth year, is the foremost champion
and advocate of that most magnificent
project of modern times, the great Pa
cifc Railroad"
Gallipolis journal. [volume] (Gallipolis, Ohio) 1837-1919, 1853-08-04
A SLAVE OF GEN. wAsH1NeroN's.-

A SLAVE OF GEN. WAsH1NGToN's. Sit
is not generally known to our readers
that there is yet living near Cookstown a
slave of Gen. Washington's. He is 194
years of age, and can walk six miles in
a day. He is so old that his fingers and
toes are nearly all white. He belonged
to Washington when he owned what is
known as Wasbington's Bottom, on
which Perrypolis now stands. The es-
tate of Col. Cook was and still is bound
for his living. He is to be taken to the
Worlds Fair for exhibition, if arrange
ments can be made. 1t is well known
that Barnum made his first "pile ol
money" by exhibiting slave which he
said belonged to Washington, but it was
all humbug. For this man being
slave of Washington's, the record of the
transfer from Washington to Colone
Sheeve win prove. lis worth trip t.
see him at his home. He has used to
bacco and whisky all his life.-Af0
kela Repub.
Gallipolis journal. [volume] (Gallipolis, Ohio) 1837-1919, 1853-08-04
A WARRIOR IN DEFEAT.

GA curious instance of the utter inca
pacity of the Chinese to cope with Eu-
ropeans occurred at Chapor, where the
principal mandarin fed at the very first
shot, and never stopped till he reached
home, an example followed by the whole
of the troops with the greatest alacrity.
When he reached home it may be sup
posed that the gallant mandarin packed
up his plate and jewels, and betook him
self with his family to the safest spot in
the country. He sent for his wives, and
strung them up to the beam of his house,
his children he strangled and threw in
to well, and then heaping up all his
valuables about his chair of state, he
surrounded it with combustibles, and
setting fire to the pile, perished in the
flames. His fate would have been wor-
thy of an old Roman, or hero of Nor
man times, if he had fought to the last
gasp, and adopted such an end to show
his contempt for the enemy when all else
was lost. But to abandon the field o.
battle for such purpose, without stri'
king a blow-to fly from one kind o
death on purpose to seek another so in
conceivably worse-show how incapable
we are of appreciating the motives Of {
people whose idiosyncrasy is so entirely
different from our own"
Gallipolis journal. [volume] (Gallipolis, Ohio) 1837-1919, 1853-08-04
Gov. GRE1NER AMONG Us.-The Ohio
State Journal says:

OtdbC JOuAndA SO %
We are grati6ed to announce that
our excellent friend John Greiner has
returned from his long sojourn in New
Mexico. He arrived in this city on
Saturday evening, and was heartily
welcomed by troop of friends Of both
parties. John is a trifle thinner than
he was when he left us, and his hair is a
little whittier. He explains the last
change by relating trasaction where
he got most confoundedly scared by the
Indians! He has done his duty nObly,
and left Santa Fe, the most popular
man with all classes, Americans, Mexi-
cans and Indians, of any man in the
territory. The Santa Fe Gazette alludes
to his departure in the following compi-
mentary manner:
"Among the consequences of a
change of officers in our Territory, not
the least is that of separating the ties
of friendship that exist between the old
incumbents and our citizens.
Hon. John Greiner, who came among
us in 1851 as Indian Agent, and who
subsequently received the appointment
of Secretary of the Territory, leaves us
with the mail on the first of June.
In the discharge of his duties as a
public officer, both as Agent and Secre-
tary, Mr.. Greiner has evinced an homes
ty and faithfulness, creditable alike to
himself and the Government; and he
will carry with him to his home in Ohio,
the high respect and confidence of our
citizens, both American and Mexican.
We part with Mr.. Greiner with sincere
regret, and we trust he may find it tC
his interest to return to our Territory
with his family, and settle permanently
among us, which we understand he has
some intention of doing.
Gallipolis journal. [volume] (Gallipolis, Ohio) 1837-1919, 1853-08-04

CUsTARDs WITHOUT EGGs.-One quart
of new milk, four tablespoonfuls of -four,
two of sugar. Season with nutmeg or
cinnamon, and add salt to your liking.
The milk should be placed over slow
fire, and when at the boiling point, the
flour should be added, being previously
stirred up in cold milk. AS soon as thor
oughly scalded, add the sugar, spices
and salt. This is an excellent dish, and
deservedly priced by every one who has
tried it.
Gallipolis journal. [volume] (Gallipolis, Ohio) 1837-1919, 1853-08-04
CASSIDY, THE LOUISVILLE AND Crl

CASSIDY, THE LOUISVILLE AND CIN-
cINNATI MAIL AGENT.-We learn that
suit for damages will be brought
against Cassidy, the mail agent on the
Louisville, Madison and Cincinnati
packet John Simpson, who neglected to
deliver the Cincinnati mail due here
Saturday night A remittance was
made for the purpose of paying bill
due yesterday, which was protested at
the close of Bank, the remittance not
having reached here in time, through
the neglect of Cassidy. The drawers
of the bill are subject to .tSVs per cent
damages for its return, besides notary's
fees, to say nothing of injury to their
credit; and Mr.. Cassidy will now have
an opportunity to make good, if he can,
the injury thus sustained through his
negligence. It's time that the personal
liability of mail agents were fully tested.
Madison Banner, goth.
Gallipolis journal. [volume] (Gallipolis, Ohio) 1837-1919, 1853-08-04
re- Married, at Paris Church

re- Married, at Paris Church of
Himbleton, by Rev. John Vernon,
James Hobbins, Esq, of Cladesley
Corbett, after a courtship of four days,
and Harriet, youngest daughter Of VIM.
Chambers, of the New House, Himber-
ton The bridegroom was in his ninety
seventh wear, and had no time to lose;
his fair bride, who has nearly seen six
teen summers, had pity on him, and
took off hand, ''for better or for worse, I"
after be had settled upon her the whole
of his property, amounting to $4,000
a Montreal Gazette.
Gallipolis journal. [volume] (Gallipolis, Ohio) 1837-1919, 1853-08-04

A PRoMIsE.-A promise should be
given with caution and kept with care.
A promise should be made by the
heart and remembered by the hand
A promise is the offspring of the inten-
ton, and should be nurtured by recol-
lection. A promise and its performance
should, like the scales of true balance,
always present a mutual adjustment
A promise delayed is justice deferred.
A promise neglected is an untruth told.
A promise attended to is a debt settled.
Gallipolis journal. [volume] (Gallipolis, Ohio) 1837-1919, 1853-08-04
Volume XVIII.
NOT IE-THF WIDOW PUNISHED,

BIZ ALICE CAREY.
She waited in the drawing room,
Good Mrs Mabel Moore;
Six hounces of pretty lace
Were on the dress she wore;
Upon her bosom French rose,
And on her cap some satin bows.
One little foot Just peeped without
Her petticoats so white;
Her hair, q little gray, twas true,
Was put in curl and bright;
And sweet her glances shone around,
As if some good thing she had found.
The clock was on the stroke of eight,
And still she sat apart,
Now listening close, and laying now
One hand upon her heart;
And toying with her curls and rings,
And doing other girlish things.
At length step was heard, and then
A ringing at the door;
Give minutes and half too soon,"
Said Mrs. Mabel Moore.
Then to her maid-"It is no sin,
Go quick, and say am not in.
"For if he loves me as he says,
He can afford to wait,
And come again precisely at
Five minutes after eight.
My nerves are really quite unstrung,
So very earnestly he rung."
But true love never did run smooth,
As oftentimes is told,
And when the door was opened wide,
And shivering in the cold,
d The maid beheld the expected guest,
She smiled and courtesyed her best.
And told him with grace as sweet,
AS if she crayed boon,
Her mistress had declared it was
A little bit too soon,
And that she thought it was no sin
To send him word she was not in.
"Ah, very well, " the guest replied,
ain truth make no doubt,
That whether she be in or no,
I've surely found her out"
And she who sent him from the door
Remaineth Mrs. Mabel Moore.
Gallipolis journal. [volume] (Gallipolis, Ohio) 1837-1919, 1853-08-04
w- About six months AGO a youn

~ About six months ago young
man in this city, cashier and book
keeper in a house, engaged in the West
ern produce business, had placed to his
credit on the books of his employer the
sum of 500. That was all the capital
he possessed in cash. He had been
two years in the house, however; was
industrious, steady and persevering, un-
derstood business; had the confidence
of his employer, and the prospect of
speedily becoming that persons partner.
The employer, at the time mentioned,
died, while on trip to the North. On
opening his will, it was found that he
had left to the young man the duty OF
settling his estate, paying number OF
legacies, &c. The young man had the
business of the house left him, and the
sum of $1,000 cash. As the fortune
of the deceased was in money deposited
in bank, and the estate was not in debt,
the succession was soon settled.
After six months labor as head OF
the house, the young man who had only
500, finds that he has made $4,000
profits, and is possessed of as handsome
a business as could be desired.
~ o. P;cdyune.
Gallipolis journal. [volume] (Gallipolis, Ohio) 1837-1919, 1853-08-04
Ew Edward Everett, in his Fourth

~ Edward Everett, in his Fourth
of July address at Boston, thinks that
Young America needs curb and that
we "old ones, perhaps, still more fire.
quently need the spur" The conclu-
sion of his address accords with the
general anticipations of all intelligent
lookers-on upon the European affairs:
"The spirit of the age has gone forth
to hold his great review, and the kings
of the earth are moved to meet him at
his coming. The band which holds
the powers of Europe together in one
political league is strained to its utmost
tension. The catastrophe may for
while be STAYED off but to all appear
ance they are hurrying to the verge Of
one of those conflicts which, Ike those
of Pharsalis and Actium, affect the
condition of States for twice ten centu-
ries. The Turkish Empire encamped
but four centuries on the frontiers of
Europe, and the Chinese Monarchy,
contemporary with David and Solomon,
are alike crumbling. While these
events are passing in the Old World, a
tide of emigration which has no parallel
in history, is pouring westward across
the Atlantic and eastward across the
Pacific, to our shores. The real politi-
cal vitality of the world seems moving
to the new Hemisphere whose condition
and fortunes it devolves upon us and
our children to mould and regulate
Gallipolis journal. [volume] (Gallipolis, Ohio) 1837-1919, 1853-08-04
". o. Picayune

~ "First class in sacred music,
stand up. How many kinds of metres
are there?"
"Three, sir-long metre, short metre,
and meet her by moonlight aloneP'
"Who told you that, you booby?"
"Bill Jones, sir!'
$50 to your seat. When school is
over, we viii try and establish the key
note of picked COW hide"
Gallipolis journal. [volume] (Gallipolis, Ohio) 1837-1919, 1853-08-04

@-A hard working and Industrious
coal HEAVIER in Boston, has just received
information that brother has recently
died in California, leaving him fortune
of $4,000. The fortunate man is the
father of several children, and his wife
has heretofore aided in supporting them
by taking in washing.
Gallipolis journal. [volume] (Gallipolis, Ohio) 1837-1919, 1853-08-04

How THEY ARE KNowS.-The follow
ing fragment of conversation was over
heard the other day, on board steam
boat: 81 met Lord Ellesmere and his
party at Niagara, the other day. 1
knew the ladies were persons of distinc-
ton the moment l saw them, because
they wore no jewelry, nor any other or
nament whatever"
Gallipolis journal. [volume] (Gallipolis, Ohio) 1837-1919, 1853-08-04

STING OF Observation-Disclosures OF
STOLEN GooDs.-Our readers will re-
member that some six weeks since, the
store of Mr.. Hambo on Vine street,
above Sixth, was entered by burglars,
and some 81, 500 worth of silk fringes
and other goods taken therefrom. All
efforts to discover the robber of the
goods was of no avail. Yesterday,
Marshal Rufin received letter dated
at Louisville, but postmarked in this
city, stating that the writer was on a
sick bed and would probably die; that
he could not die without revealing the
fact that he had committed the above
burglary, and that the goods were
boxed and stored on the Louisville Line
wharf boat. Thither Mr.. Ruffin re-
paired and found the goods as described.
They were restored to the poor trades
man, who was overjoyed at their sight.
The letter had no signature.
Gin. Times, 2OtH.
Gallipolis journal. [volume] (Gallipolis, Ohio) 1837-1919, 1853-08-04

~"Mike, and is it yourself that can
be after telling me how they make ice
cream?" "Indade | can-do they not
bake them in cowld ovens, to be sure"
Gallipolis journal. [volume] (Gallipolis, Ohio) 1837-1919, 1853-08-04
NEw ENeL1sH TAR1FF. -

NEW ENeL1sH TARIFF. = Several
changes, at the recommendation of the
ministry, have been made in the Eng
.lish tariff, and the reduction of duties
on various articles exported from this
country is very material. Among
these are books, butter, cheese, clocks,
rice, eggs, etc. 1t is said the reduction
will 90 into operation forthwith.
Gallipolis journal. [volume] (Gallipolis, Ohio) 1837-1919, 1853-08-04

RThe grave of James Madison,
twice President of the United States,
cannot be recognized. Shame!
Gallipolis journal. [volume] (Gallipolis, Ohio) 1837-1919, 1853-08-04
nESaid one to an aoed friend. 81

II sad one 70 an ageu Trend, II
had letter from distant correspond
ent, the other day, who inquired if you
were in the land of the living" enc"
replied the venerable man, "but | am
going there. This world is the world Of
shadows, and the eternal is the only one
of living realities"
The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1853-11-04

Married,
At Brooklyn, the Sd instant by the Rev. DR.. Pise,
JAMES Mitchell, of New York, Miss MARY BURNS OF
Brooklyn
On the evening of the 1st instant by the Rev. s H.
Cone CHARLES f. DLKs of Philadelphia to Miss EuGKSIA
THOMPSON, of Jersey City
November %, by the Rev. j. j. Lyons, TuEopoR HEaTz
to JESSIE ANDREWS, daughter of Benjamin s. Judah de-
ceased.
On the 9th October, at ST. Marys Church. by the Rev.
W. Storrs, Mr. MICHAEL MCGETucK TO MARoAaET COSTELLO
both of this city
Cleveland co. papers please copy.
On Wednesday, November 2 by the Rev. S H. Isaacs
Mr.. A. GoDsD to Miss s. FRANKFORT, both of England
At Brooklyn, Tuesday morning, November l. at the
First Presbyterian Church, by the Rev. Dr. Cox, WILLIAM
A. POOR, of Baltimore, to HARRIET ~, daughter Of d..
Joseph Lowell late Surgeon General Of the U. S. Army.
In Williamsburg, on Thursday, November 8, by the
Rev Charles Reynolds, GEORGE W. Cook to MARY AsNR,
elcest daughter of john H. Bowie ESQ., all of that city
TO THE EDITOR OF THE HERALD.
New YORK, Nov. 5, 1858.
DEAR sIRA notice of the marriage of myself to Miss
Charne Van Zant Brown having appeared in the HERALD
OF the LIST instant wish TO correct the by stating
that such union has taken place. and that the state
en. is utterly false and without foundation By giving
this the necessary publicity, you will confer favor
OSCAR W. UNDERaILL.
CATHARlNE VAN zANT BROWN.
The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1853-11-04

Defiance Safes Once Nor '-GayIer's SaIe-
.sndsF again mp s0G wing the sr
and never -fslirE safes
Mn. Rosrnr NJ pA-n,ox, ls2 Pearl street ~ Y1Dear
Ts Dsnos ss a Of thai was e The
house FOwleIs Buildng0 corner Of Fulton and Nassau
Sss o 6S
d @ na e
OF thirty thousand dollars and upwards and extensive
IA the safes w5ih
sn 70 ca as BE- ss pa the Ss %
business No ss door above the Sun Bnild
Safes ali for merchants 5nn
o5ss @ snf &
Tor sale and made to order the depot 9 Pearl street.
~ N''' ''''" AA'''A ''A' -''N ROBERT M PATRICK.
The Great Fire I'm Fulton street. I'm the
confusion and loss Of life attendant upon large IRE we
dies Wing beside @ safes that fallen win
81 the s s into 5e sS &
are carried away the iassors. opened while
the spot and there s,as Visible Sderus
name plates were melted aishonss not paper within
i stood have stated in their letter safe a
u e. until he snss nf was
N''''' 'N''' - HOLMES GUTLER. l2s Water stree. 3
why Don't You Try SIP aulGing's Premium
ba best o nd ~ IN a nVE @ Corn
Irving House drug stores Ring ls2 sroa d and
Boston.
The Autumn Leaves are Faliiny.-Tne Foo
age the human head be restored in the winter
Of life by tho Of Barher chcyeanxtonqne Price cents
Sold everywhere. PRINCIPAL depot, BARKERS ladies hair
dressing establishment, i39 Broadway.
The Period of CoIls.-TheYe was never a
asn colds aaS sore
young sick long Two three doses Brand
reths pills will cure no method Is sure as that which
tried cough drops and cold candy tried sweats
/
my cough became At last sent for box Of
pills. have taken two doses and now look i mel
than two weeks with Their remedies This ia the
ans report and the cry Is "A box Ct g
penard street, 27l Bowery and 24l Hudson street Dr.
bRANDRETHs ofhee 10 and 6S Lispenard street until
the LIST Of May, when it will be removed to All broadway
corner Of Canal street.
DIR. Kcninger can be Seen to-day and to-
1T 81 Crosby street, at III o'clock, d. AMI in
Wall street at half pat o'clock =. with part of
his fine stock of carriage nd saddle horsesa kind young
and sound without hemish. II not sold within e days
for they will be exchanged for ltngs The ball
and shall be keptrelling
Reconsideration we see or hear Of
any who afflicted di,ease we easily
they might be cured by using this invaluable remedy
Mortmores rheum attic compound, sold by W. " ALEXAN
DER Co., No. Barclay street.
Izobensack's Worm Syrup and Liver pills
have been known fail in any case and
suffer who will these remedies Read the following from
EpEnros, Feb. 81 1853
D. Hobcnsack-I take this opportunity to inform
70 be- Il is rsprosented little SON. about three years
sdxps s sn & him three h
directions which produced on the third day. .hsty odd
the
Very respectfully, NOSES W. WEBs Editor, 1c
as% York. Asn
Eastern States.
The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1853-11-04

Hair Dye and Wigs-Batch clor's manufae-
Asgy at No. 23 Broadway opposite tho Park whore he
che in the world sale and
Application of his hair dye, and newly invented wigs
e1pSo Nine private rooms AL on ono door Copy The I'D
The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1853-11-04

Wigs, Wiga.-Thc silver Medal was award
slbY Tie American Institute, th: year to MEDHURsY&
HARD No. Maiden lanc for the best Eonasmens wigs
Ws toupees adies front and back braide curls 4o al
QAyO hand. Warranted not 10 shrink change oolox
The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1853-11-04
REMOVALS.

DR. LEON GELLARDT, HERBALIsT, RESPECT
fully announces that he Ia: removed big once 70 No
bl Madison street. between Catherine and Oliver streets
where be ean be ntsd usual from 70 10 A. r., and
NVp 70 or. ~ 6ppdsyO VSeepted.
The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1853-11-04

II you want Whlslkcrs or M0ustache Use
~ II win force them to srow thick and strong in
Aet>e sny part Of ths country 4 @. GRAHAM s.
Ann street, druggists Brooklyn Mrs. Hayes, 6 Fulton
The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1853-11-04

Important to All who Value their Hair
1lNDALL the hsircutter, No S Chambers street near
Oeyroh has restorative which 10 infablc to prove no
PIN restore the hair mako charge. The only manu-
4spsey n ths city rAs makes this eSsE II worth VIAL
The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1853-11-04

Buckiey's Serenaders.-Thelr Favorite
song Good Byen by T. r. Thomas, 25 cents Come while
Little KATY by H. Waters singing with applause.
Published by HORACE WATEaS 1888 Broadway.
The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1853-11-04

Thomas Bakers Last New SOng--"The
Nuag Lament" words by James Smnonds, sung by
nho Zerr at Juliens concerts Price rs CENTS Published
- HORACE WATERS Every lover Of liberty should buy
. COPY Of this song.
The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1853-11-04

Mr Perbam, proprietor Of the renowned Seven Mir
rox exhibiting at Academy Hall, 663 Broadway He
selng gift tickets at dollar each, giving the purchaser
- friends four admissions to the exhibition and share
y 100000 gifts. Amongst the number u farm, highly
proved worth which somebody certain Of getting
NJ one hundred oents. That somebody may be yourself
x01er Who knowss There other articles in the list
eh thousands Of tmes the price of share ticket SECURE
tickets at "
The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1853-11-04

Asendancy without pulling his medicnted soap for cur.
lsg pimple feokles and all skin deormtca poudrs subtitle
Ger uproong hair from any Of the body liquid rouge
LILY white and hair restorative at the old established depot,
~ Walkor street. first sk re from Broadway.
The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1853-11-04
DENTISTRY.

TEETH ON GOLD PLATE, WITHOUT TAKING OUT
the roots-0n this principle artificial teeth look like
cd and the teeth better calculated for mascaon and
speech than any other method FOWLER 81 Blocker st.
The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1853-11-04

Mourning CloaIys.--Specisl Attention IL
called to the examination Of mourning oo.s OF
New Mourning strc 55l Broadway between The ST. Hcho
Las and Metropolitan Hotels
The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1853-11-04

/
u On Friday, Nov H. at halfrast two O'clock, p. NJ,
match for S6C0OPlay payTen miles out to harness..
H. Woodruff names Prince, trotser) Geo. spieer name
T. Hero, In the previous contest between these
celebrated horses Prince showed speed
tom and ia tho hands Of Hiram will prove himself match
trotor in the world Hero having passed into the
of Mr. spcer only days previous the
of work and condition such race and with
few days training quite different result might be looked
his still having confidence in his speed
and endurance has resolved to try him this
be tho last time the public will have chance of seeing
this kind, they should not miss the opportunity.
Stages leave the Williamsburg ferries for the Course
JOHN l. sNEpIKER, Proprietor.
The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1853-11-04

OFAstuuOrO'b FxceIsfOr Liquid HnIr Dye
ahs preparation stands unrivalled unapproachahe
the host Of worthless and detrous nostrum called
hair dyes The infaabity Of its action the hair,
whether In blackening embr 1wnpg IT, Is surprising.
sold and applied ct No. Aston House, (Crs
Aahoroal
The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1853-11-04

New Mourning 3tOrcs-Patrcls OF the N CIV
Mourning Store parcu arly desired to bear in mind
exact location and this establihu BAR
THOLoAEW WEED, b5l broadway, between the st.
Ncholas and Metropolitan hotels.
The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1853-11-04
EXTRA PAY,

EXTRA PAY.
>~~>>~~>>~~~~-~~-s~~~>~~>S
EXTRA PAY-ALL q. 3. NAVY sAUORn VINO
served in aAy u vessel in the Pacific st Any ims fr
1850 to 1868 can promptly obtain their double payo
astp Pvysw U. s. N, sSvh TT1sa ~ 80