The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1853-09-19

pursued at Constantinople has tendency TO lead Ia
fresh and very serious dangers The note adopted BY
the conference was intended 70 meet, a. far as pos
sible the double difficulties Of the present situation
Of affairs. It was not more than Turkey could honor
ably concedet was not less than Russia could fairy
of comparing it with Prince Aenschikons de-
mands, it will be seen that all the most objec.
tionable expressions and articles OF the RUSSIAN
note have been carefully excluded. such as II
the Emperor Nicholas, though he submitted to 1t
out of Difference to the opinion of the allies and
from an apparent desire to escape from the em0ar
easements Of his isolated and aggressive position 1t
will be remembered that the intelligence that the
note had been accepted at st. Petersburg was re-
ceved throughout Europe with universal satisfaction,
as thing more to be desired than expected. After
all this, which certainly amounted to abatement,
if not surrender OF the Russian pretens0ns the note
is sent back with further alterations; and with alter
atoms not originating with the conference at Vienna
but with the Turkish government. To yield second
time to this sort of appeal especially after the in
fated and menacing language the Emperor had
assumed O few weeks before, is a defeat amounting
to humiliation; and although the Russian govern
ment has brought these evils upon ITSELF it is by no
means clear that sovereign In the position OF the
Emperor Nicholas Is prepared to endure such a. re
suit Grave doubts may therefore be entertained as
to the acceptance OF these terms at St Petersburg IN
their altered form; though trust that more ma
ture consideration Of the whole question mas, ere
this brought the Emperor of Russia to just sense OF
what is due if not to Turkey to the general interests
of Europe.
On the other hand there are some strong practical
arguments in favor of the acceptance Of the terms
and the restoration of peace The season is already
too far advanced for the Russian army to undertake
any operations beyond the Danube with the least
pre- spect of decisive success and the position of the
Turkish forces under Omar Pasha Is such as to rem
der any advance whatever an undertaking of great
risk and danger. But the prospect Of prolonged
Russian occupation OF the Prncipattes, even if Eu-
rope could submit to it, is not much less unfavorable
The troops have already suffered to pr0digiOus ex
tent from the climate. The price of provisions in
Bucharest has quintuped and the military hospitals
are encountered with the sick. In a few weeks the
rains will have converted the country for the most
part into painless swamp, and it will become
equally difficult to withdraw the army AID to keep
up the necessary supplies, for the stores of the
country are already exhausted. At this time of the
neither the Russian nor the Turkish army could
attack its antagonist with effect 1t may be doubt
ed whether there is any military advantage in the
occupation OF such position, and the Russian
tons of desire to withdraw from their miserable
environments. The occupation Of the Principalities
has failed to subdue the resistance Of Turkey it
has, on the contrary, reused her to more energetic
efforts 1t has irTtated Europe by breach of trea
ty, and it has placed Russia in position which she
cannot hold without immense sacrifices of every
kind The acceptance of the note is the ouly way
by which the Emperor Nicholas can extricate him
three months have given him no additional claim to
dictate conditions beyond his frontier. The evacu-
alton Of the Prncipaltes ought TO be the first step
in the arrangement, and that alone can relieve the
combined fleets from the necessity OF passing the
winter near the scene of these occurrences The re-
lection of the terms and the refusal to evacuate
would, on the contrary, probably be followed by
declaration of war or some violent ebultion at Con
stantinope; and, as the war party in the Divan
would then gain the upper hand, having already
frustrated the conditions of peace rendered to the
Sultan by Europe, they must be prepared to abide
by the consequences of their violence, while the
governments which have hitherto supported them
would be entirely at liberty to deal as they might
think tit with this altered state of affairs.
THE LATEST NEWS.
BELGRADE, August %.
An improved state of public feeling prevails, and
there is lot now any fear Of disturbances.
A traveller has been arrested at Sovendria, and
papers and pamphlets exciting to sediton against
Prince Alexander and the Sultan have been found
upon him.
VIENNA, August 81.
The Turkish ambassador, Ariff Efendi, is to meet
the Russian ambassador in the course of this day.
This meeting is considered the most striking proof
OF the termination of the difficulties between Russia
and Turkey.
uALArz, nuyust
1t is said that the two Hospodars have promised
to support enc another if the crisis over, the
duct.
In consequence Of the obstruction of the Sulin,
mouth, not less than 900 vessels will be wanted for
the transport of the enormous quantities Of corn
which hitherto have not been able to cross the bar.
The Russian Squad ron for Japan.
DESCRIPTION OF THE SHIP PALLAs-rHE oFFIC sRs
AND sEAMEN-THEIR CLASSES AND PAY-LIsT OF
OFFICERS.
The naval force of Russia now in the Chinese
waters with the intention of proceeding to japan to
watch the movements Of the American squadron un-
der orders for that destination consists Of the Palas
81 guns, the Dwina, 10 guns. and the Vostock,
guns After remaining at Kong Kong for about
week, the Palas and Vostock are to proceed in
search Of the American feet, supposed to be about
the L0o-choo islands, waiting for the POwhatan
hourly expected. The editor Of the Friend of China
had an invitation to go on board the Pallas, and
gives some interesting particulars relative to that fine
vessel and the Russian naval service. She was
built at ST. Petersburg in 1885, and, as q specimen
of her sailing qualities, made the passage from the
Cape OF Good Hope to Java Head in thirty-two
days. Her armament is composed of four 6S-p0und-
ers and forty eight 4-pounders, with beautiful
stand Of the newly invented rifles, carrying al blank
ptint range distance of four hundred PAGES.
Her crew numbers altogether four hundred, ia
Guiding brass band of twenty. There are no
marines; indeed, every seaman is enlisted in
Russia, and has to do military as well as naval
duty if required of him. The period of service is in
some instances eighteen years, in others twenty-five
years, at the expiration of which they retire on
pension; but at any time during the first five years
should emergency arise. For this service they re-
ceive besides food and clothing an annual payment
the average rate Of which viii asst nish the seamen
of other navies-one guinea per annum. For foreign
service, two guineas. OF course everything is found
them; and according to their appearance, they do
not want for food or clothing Besides this the fami
lies Of those who are married are maintained in bar
racks, for every son an extra ration being allowed,
Qor daughters none on the express condition, how
ever that when Of sufficient age-say sixteen years
the male youth does duty a seaman soldier.
(The soldiers period of service is for cavalry, ten
years; infantry, fifteen years) Children born during
the five years after service are totally exempt.
guinea per annum we have mentioned as the average
rate of pay There are. however. several classes Of
seanen-lst, helmsmen I'd, topmen; 3D. able seamen,
and then ordinares as in the English navy, with va.
rious grades of petty officers, as boatswan and their
mates Among the list Of principal officers to be found
below it will Re seen that there is paymaster pur
The duty devolvng that off 3er in an english
ship in the Russian navy is attended to by Of the
heuteDaDts, the actual working of the business being