The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1853-06-28

U
annual surplus it will soon be in a position ma
terially to modify its customs tariff. H. when that
time arrives, our commercial relations be not re-
newed It is quite possible that Brazil may except
England from the reductions it makes. And in that
case British trade win only have its own foreign
Office to blame for the result.
The Blockade Of Buenos Ayres.
from the London Herald June IA
The intelligence published in the Morning Herald
yesterday, and which arrived by the Teyiot steam.
ship u.s. in so far as regards the news from the River
Plate, by no means satisfactory. In commercial
there is scarcely q family who has not member
either directly or indirectly connected with our i'm
port or export trade, 1t Is q matter of moment0us
importance that the course of that trade should
smoothly and uninterruptedly- 1t should not be
subject to sudden violent fluctuations revulsions
still more that it should not be checked or wholly
suppressed, by causes which ordinary foresight, or
average craftsmanship, might control The provinces
and countries known as South America, Rio de la
Plata, the Argentine Republic &C., have been long
so disturbed by cOntendng factions and civil commo-
ti0ns that their great resources and many natural
advantages for trade and commerce have hitherto
been sufficiently developed by natives, explored,
in commercial sense, by foreigners. The result is
that the progress of civilization is retarded and the
ntely multiplied. Last year, indeed, Lord MaImes-
bury then presiding at the Foreign Office, did as
much in him lay to open the waters of the Parana
and Uruguay, thereby bringing the commercial pro-
world. But since his lordships retirement from
office disturbing causes appear to have had as much
influence in those far-of ATTITUDES as in countries
nearer home This is greatly to be regretted for in
the table land of the Despoplado, and in the more
elevated tracts of the Argentine republic, cult
waited many productions as necessary to our consump
ton and manufactures as any we import into Liver
pool or London The Manchester school Of polti-
clans have Of late greatly concerned themselves about
the government of India, and more especially to
the possibility Of obtaining large supply of cotton
from Hindostan but it seems to have escaped the
waited in considerable, and may be cultivated a
large scale, in country to which when in Office the
principal Secretary Of State for Foreign Affairs,
der Lord Derby, devoted an attention productive of
the best results.
In May and June of the past year Buenos Ayres
was tranquil, and there was every hope and eXpec-
tatop that the position of the city and Of the pro-
standing the accession of ali the talents to power at
the close Of the past year. in England the position Of
affairs within the Argentine Republic has grown gra
dualy worse, and, at the date Of the last advices
from Buenos Ayres, Urquiza had issued orders to
blockade the port. This blockade, in the absence of
her Majesty's representative, Capt. Core has been
notified to the British merchants and shipmasters by
MI. Hood, our consul.
Considering the very considerable trade we carry
on with the States Of La Plata, more especially with
Buenos Ayres, the largest and most populous among
them, possessing coast line along the Rio de Ia
1t becomes material to consider whether this is in
reality an effective blockade, for it is laid down
by Vatte and most Of the iursts that all commerce
is entirely prohibited with blockaded port +" Ii
the blockade, / have right to hinder any one
from entering, and to treat Us an enemy whoever
attempts to enter" And though this strictness
has in some instances been departed from in modern
that arise are whether the place is blockaded-and
whether the blockade was sufficiently notified. To
affect British ships or British merchants with the
consequence Of breach Of this blockade, three
things must be proved list the existence of an
tua blockade; 2dy the knowledge Of the party; and
3dy violation of the blockade either by ingress or
egress The whole body of international law on the
subject may be found in the decisions Of Sir William
Scott, chiefly contained in the first volume Of Robin
sons Admiralty Reports From the law SO lucid
ly laid down by that great uminary, II is clear that
declaration of blockade unaccompanied by the fact
not establish a blockade When Admiral Jsiys sG de-
cared during the last war the West India Islands in
state Of blockade, the Lords Of Appeal held that as
the fact did not support the declaration, blockade
could not be deemed legally to exist
1t was determined in the case of the Betsey thata
mere proclamation that place is invested is INSULT
cent to constitute legal blockade For that purpose
it is necessary that the place should be invested by
competent force. The parties who formed the armed
neutrality, and Russia, the principal party in the
confederacy, understood blockade in this sense
namely, that there should be actually stationed at
the place sufficient force to prevent the entry or
exit Of vessels. This doctrine completely harmonzes
with the decision Of Sir w. Scott in the of the
Vrow Judith, heard before the Court of Admiralty
in January. 1899. "A blockade" said this great
Judge, " is sort of decentralization round place, by
which all foreign connection and correspondence is,
far as human power can effect it, to be entirely
cut Off" limitation such as this ia essentially
cessary to prevent the abuse Of the right Of blockade
name Of such right. When, by the Berlin decree of
the 2lst Of November 1906, the whole of the British
islands were declared in state of blockade 1t is
lear the essential ciIcumstance-the presence Of
efficient force to maintain the bOckade-was wanting
order to constitute its validity, and 80 far as we
can Judge from the intelligence brought by the
Tevio, the same necessary ingredient is wanting in
reference to the blockade of BuenOs Ayres. The
attempt to blockade 600 miles of coast with three
small merchant steamers, the largest Of which is
commanded by an American skipper seems scarcely
less preposterous in 1853 than the attempt made
and forty years previously in reference to the
British Islands by the Berlin decree. at is neces-
sary," says Sir William Scott, "that the evidence Of
blockade should be clear and decisive that there
should be complete investment and blockade y and
can any suppose that these requisites supplied
by Urquizas notification and the presence of his
three steamers? declaration of blockade Is high
act Of sovereignty, and it Is not in the power Of any
potentate legitimate or do do, to extend it anduly
in reference to British ships.
II Viscount Palmerston were at the Foreign or
flee, British merchants would find their Just yeclama-
tons in reference to sham and paper blockades at
tended TO- and proper principles proclaimed and en-
forced. But with an Aberdeen first Lord of the
Treasury, and Clarendon principal Secretary for
Foreign Affairs, we are not to look for spirit OF
veor either In principle in action aither in word
or in deed.
FRIGHTFuL ACCIDENT.--A serious accident Oc
Cured this morning at the junction Of Third street and
Elbow 'ane at place known as Frausln Lend tosween
the city and Rising sun village Tho work ulen had just
topped out the gable end wall of new Bepsa ehurch
and about removing the scaaong from bio io,ide
when the entire wan fell in bodily, crushing two stcae
sot ont a. auieki, - posbs bsn q INC
found that they dreadfuy bruised Although We be.
lieve, bones broken The Of tue injured
Charles Fick and Sahn Hamslsv Both are mar
RED men, and both about twenty years OF ago
The wall which fell was " stone, 10 inches thick ana