New-York daily tribune. [volume] (New-York [N.Y.]) 1842-1866, 1853-06-25
The Briti-h RuIe in india.

I
The pacific solution Of the Turkish. Sandman and SEss
n question il regarded there certainty.
II Last night the debate India vas continued in the
II House Of Commons, in the usual dull manner. NJ
II Backett charged the statements of Sir Charles WOOD
and Sir J. Hogg with barring the stamp Of ootimist
fslsebood lot Of Ministerial and Drec'Orisl alvo-
Gates rebuked the charge as well they could an the
II inevitable Mr. Hume summed up BY calling on Ministers
/ TO withdraw their bill Debate adjourned
HiDdOstan i Italy of Asiafic dimensions, the
Himalayss for the Alps. the Plains Of Bengal for the
| Plains of Lofnbardy the DeccaD fsr the Appen1es,
and the Isle Of Ceylon for the Isllnl Of Sicily Ihe
same rich variety in the products of the soil and the
same dismembement in tie political conhgu-aion
Just a. Italy has, from time to time, been compressed
by the cODGuerors sword into different national misses
do hud Hndosfan when not under the pressure OF
| the Molsmmelan. the Mogul, the Brit)n, dis
solved into as msny Independent and conflicting States
a. numbered towns, villages. Yet in a social
point of view, Hindosfaa is the Italy bt the Ire
| Ind Of the East. And this strange combination Of
Italy and Of Ireland of world OF vOuptuOusnes and OF
world of woes il anticipated in the ancient traditions of
the religion Of HindOstan. That religion is at once
religion of ssDsuast eXuberaDce and religion If self
tOurng ssceiism religion Of the Lngam aud Of the
JUggernhut the religion Of the Monk, and of the Baya
dere
share not the opinion Of those who believe in a
golden age Of Hindostan without recurring. however.
like Sir Charles Wood, for the confirmation Of nv
view to the authority Of Khul-Khan. But take for
example the times Of Aurung Zebe the epoch when
n.
the South; the age Of Mohammedan invasion, AMI of
tie Heptarcby in Southern India or il you will 90 still
back to antiquity take the NEUROLOGICAL chronology
of the Brshman himself who places the commencement
Of Indian misery in epoch more remote than
the Christian creation Of the world.
There cannot, however, remain any doubt but that
the misery inflicted by the British HndOsan il Of
essentially different and infinitely intensive kind
than all Hindostan had to suffer before do not alule
TO European despOism planted upon Asiitc despotism
by the L itish East India Company, forming more
uonsirOus combination than any Of the divine monsters
startling NJ in the Temple Of Salsette. This is No dis
tiDetve feature of British Colonial rule, but only
imitation of the Dutch. and so much that in order 10
characterize the working of the British East nla Com
pany, il is sufficient oeraly repeat what Sir Stamford
Rafes, the English Governor Of Java, said Of the old
Dutch East India Company:
The Dutch Company acfuaied solely by the spirit of
GAIN and viewing their Subjects with less regard
s'deraton than West India planter fnrmers viewed
gang upon il estate because the latter had paid the pur
chase money OF human property which the other had not
employed All the existing machinery Of despotism to
squeeze from the people their utmost mite Of con,r button,
the last dr. of their labor and has aggravated the evils
Of capricinus and semi barb Government by work
ing il with all he prsc,sed Ingenuity OF politicians and all
the monopolizng self.hoess Of traders"
All the civil wars, invasions, revolutions cOnquests,
fsmines strangely complex. rapid, aud destructive
the successive action in HindOsan my appear did not
90 deeper than its surface England has broken down
the entire framework OF Indian society, without any
symptoms Of reconstruction vet appearing. This loss OF
bis old world. with gain Of new one imparts par
ticuar kind Of melancholy to the present misery Of the
HndOo, and separates Hndoan, ruled by Britain, from
OIL rs ancient traditions and from tie whole Of its past
history.
here have been in Asia, generally. from mmemoral
times but three departments Of Government that of
Finance the plumber Of the interior; that of War
the plumber OF the exterior and finally the department
Of Public Works Climate aud territorial conditions,
especially the tracts of desert extending from the
Sahara, through Arabia Persia, India, and Tartary %
the most elevated Asac highlands constituted artificial
irrigation by canals and water works the basis OF
Oriental agriculture AS in Egypt and India, inunla
tons used for ferizing the soil in MesapOtama,
Persia &C. advantage is taken of high level for feed
inc rrigatve canals. This prime necessity OF econ
Omica and common use OF water, which, in the Occi-
dent drove private enterprise 20 voluntary association
in Flanders and Italy, necessated, in the Orient
where civilization too low aud the territorial extent
too vastto call into life voluntary association, the inter-
ference of the centralizing power Of Government
Hence economical function devolyel upon all Asatic
Governments the function Of providing public works
This artificial fertilization Of the soil dependent on
Central Government and Immediately decaying with the
neglect Of irrigation and drainage, explains the other
wise strange fact that find whole territories bar
and desert that brilliantly cultivated,
Palmyra Petra the ruins in Yemen, and large provinces
Of Egypt, Persia, and Hindostan; it also explains
how single OF devastation has been able u depop
ulate country for centuries, and to strip OF al It's
civilization.
Now. the British in East India accepted from their
predecessors the department Of finance and OF war; but
thew have neglected entirely that Of public works.
Hence the deterioration of agriculture which is not
capable Of being conducted the British principle OF
free competition Of iaisse- fare and taisss-aer. Bat
IL Asatc empires are quite accustomed 70 see agri
culture deterioratng under one government and re
viving again under some other government. There the
Laryests correspond good or BAD government they
change in Europe with good bad seasons Thus the
oppression aud neglect OF agriculture, bad II is. could
not be looked upon the final blow dealt TO ind1n
society by tbe British intruder had not been attended
by circumstance Of quite different Importance, nov
city in the annals of the whole Asatic world However
changing the political aspect of lnds past must appear,
It's social condition has remained unaltered since its re-
morCst antiquity, until the frst decennium Of the 18Th
century. The handO0m and the spinning pro
ducug their regular myrads Of spnners and weavers,
were tie pyOs Of the structure of that society From
mmtmorsl times. Europe received the admirable tex
lures Of Indian labor sending in return for them her
precious metals and furnishing thereby his Material
the goldsmith, that Indispensable member Of Indian soci
~ whose love Of fner great that the lowest
class. those who 20 about nearly naked have commonly
pair Of golden earrings and gold Or8amen. Of some
hind hung round their necks Rings Ou the fingers and
toes have slso been common. Women as ge cbl-
dren frequently massive bracelets anl anaers of
gold silver and s'atuettos OF dvintie in gold AMI h
met with In the households II vas the British
intruder who broke up the milan hand-1o-n and de-
sfrOved the spinIiugWhee England begun with driving
the Indian c0tons from the European market il then
irtr duced twist into Hiudosan and 10 the end inun-
dated the very mother country Of with cottons
From Isis 10 $3.50 the export Of twist from Great
Britain TO India in the proportion Of 10 52D.
In >2i the export Of British musins 70 India hardly
amounted 10 100000 yards while in -7 il surpassed
6I,OCOOOO Of Yards But at the time the pOpua-
tion Of Dacca decreased from 10000 inhabitants 70
10000 This decline Of Indian towns celebrated for
their fabrics was by no means the worst consequence