The daily republic. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1853-1853, 1853-07-25

Although actual h0StilltloS nave not commence
ed. there seems TO be no disposition on the part
of Russia to recede from her previous demands.
The Hon. ALEXANDER H. STEPHENS Is
candidate for reelection to Congress from the
State Of Georgia.
The Pacific Road-War OF the Routes.
The letter of Mr.. Benton, which We publiah
to-day, is of great importance for two reasons:
1t opens sectional discussion. g. It differs
with the Administration and with Congress in
regard to the boundary report.
1t is not necessary to determine whether Mr..
BENTON, In advocating the central and con-
demning the southern route, is actuated by
desire to revive the quieted questions between
the North and South, or whether he means to
connect himself with the execution of work
of such importance to his constituents as to
render his restoration to the Senate indispen-
sable to its success. The result is, however,
the same. He has opened sectional discus
sion.
The route to our Pacific possessions involves
the question of the relative power Of the two
great sections Of the Union. The road will
constitute the means Of extending settle
ments in the interior Communities will grow
along the line of that road as grapes cluster
upon the stem. These communities will en-
terrain the political sentiments of the parent
States from which they spring, and their polit-
ical influence will be thrown in favor Of those
States We think therefore that sectional
route organized as Mr.. BENTON proposes will
endanger the permanence Of the Union for the
following reasons:
The Freesoil organization is at present
quiet, because there is no material issue be-
fore them. They acquiesce in the honors con-
ferred by Mr.. PIERCE upon some of their lead
ers, but those leaders are on furlough, subject
to be recalled by the bugle Of reorganization.
Are there any evidences Of this assertion re-
quired2 They will be found in the obstinate
refusal of the Democratic Freesoil press to ac-
quiesce in the policy Of the Administration, or
to obey the dictaton Of the Union.
1t is known that the mass of Freesoilers de
sire abolition by some means, direct or indi-
rect-immediate or post-natal-with partial
com pensation, or by emancipation without in
demnity.
1t is the aggregation of these opinions that
constitute the Freesoi party. That party de-
sires that slavery shall terminate, and it
has determined that it shall not be extended to
any new territory. We have published the
plan recommended by the English advocates
of American emancipation. That plan con-
templates an amendment of the Federal Con-
stitution. This can only be done by the po-
litical action of controlling majority of sove-
reign States, and the vote of a preponderant
numerical majority expressed through the
House of Representatives, and in the election
of the Executive. Now, as the constitutional
element of nn1uar cnnssts of Sfatne and znr,nla-
ton, and as immigration will be conducted
along great line of internal communication to
the Pacific as by conduit, it follows that a
political and numerical power, adequate to give
a controlling Interpretation to the Federal Con-
stitution, must result from the system Of immi-
grafton, to be organized and conducted by the
route chosen to the Pacific. We have hereto
fore shown that the judicous application of a
single years immigration would bring batch
of States into the Union sufficient to disturb its
sectional balance; and although we will not un-
dertake to say that the Freesoil party would
employ the sectional tendencies of such a mea-
sure for the purposes of carrying out the po-
litical designs recommended to them, we think
it better for the peace and perpetuity of the
Union that no such temptation should be ex-
tended to them.
The central route recommended by Mr.. b. is,
to all intents and purposes, a sectional one. 1t
curves nearly to the latitude of Lower Canada,
and, although central to the most populous por-
tons of the Union, it is not territorially CEN
trail. Now, route should be, as far as posi-
BILE, equally accessible to the people in every
part of the Union. The southern route will,
in this respect, be found to present the attri-
butte of centraity In higher degree than the
central route itself. In addition to this, there
is an extensive system of railroads in the South,
all projected to cross the Mississippi, and to
unite in common extension to the Pacific.
Shall this entire system, measuring at least
six thousand miles, be compelled to curve up
to the Kansas for connexion with the national
railroad? They will rather unite and make a
common extension themselves; and, with the
aid of their corporate credit, and the States to
which they belong, it will be easily done.
So much at this time for the sectional effect
of the central route.
But Mr.. BENTON seems to differ with the
Administration in most important particular.
He speaks Of the report of the Boundary Com
mission as an authentic execution Of the treaty
of Guadalupe. Congress-and it is believed
the Administration that report as in
formal and not obligatory upon the Government
of the United States