The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1853-10-02

I0ttlUCDUO09
new and old castles, . short distance fron the
trance to the straits. The number Of guns mounted
these Notifications, and some Others Of lsser I'm
portance il nearly seven hui dred besides eight large
mortsrs Tor throwing shels Among them are several
immense guns from which ston. shot ale a,scl1r.ed
The quantity IL 20 sder which these gans require 9
enormous the largest il charged with three hundred
and thirty pounds OF powder, and throws stone
shot Of eight hundred one thousand pounds w1ishs
They are more formidable in Appearance than reality,
and the firing of such large pieces of ordnance Is not
unattended with danger to their own rtilery slen.
After passing the straits OF the Dardahelles, the
Sea OF Marmcra extends for distance OF abou. one
hunored and fifty miles to the Besphorus, on the
European side Of which stands the city Of CONSTANT
POOLE Ii has population of about 700 600, an
stands on a slopng promontory OF triangl Ar spe
having side towards The south, resting the Sea
Of Marmora, second TO the northeast. running along
toe shore Of the Golden Horn. which forms the har
bor while the third faces the wess, and is defended
BY double line OF high acd strong walls, h1nksi
with towers. The h.rbor termed by aha Golden
Horn is deep, comnodious, and we'll sheltered, aud
capable OF containing upwards Of a tnousand large
ships, which may load snd unload alongside the
quays. The city is built on a number Of hiIlocks,
aud this is the main cause only Of It's picturesque
beautiful appearance, but OF its salnbrity and co
parative cleanliness. From the sea it appears per-
feet amphithestre Of palaces, mosques, white Nina
rets aud green plane trees, glistening in an Asiate
snpsbiue.
OF Russian steamers and Russian industry word
is efectei in about fifty hours by the Russian steam
err. but those who are accustomed TO the comf,rs.
elegance ana scrupnlous cleanliness OF the M-di.
terrahean and Atlantic steamers, Cor Yankee liners
espcciay) Will be borriiied when they find them
selves Oh board Russian vessel l. is i'm possible
\, less II iil,h AID disorder they pre-ent-the deck
t.lng heaped with provisions and goods AMI
crowded with disgusting mob OF meudicans Tai Ks,
ii'arims, Jews, and Russian and Cossack women
There in Russia two great branches or manifao.
uIng industry: the first Is that which employs the
aw material. furnished from the SOIL such as iron
copper, and other III. tails. The Ural chaia, from
Whence these are principal derived, ID OF the
most remarkable mountain ranges in the world for
the extent and variety OF its mineral wealth 70
say nothing Of its gold, silver, and patina ores the
ION OF Siberia is generally Of \ very suDer u
qsaity. Tbs other branch il manufactures Of wosl-
len cloths silks and cottoas; but these althouk a
surpo,tsd by the government, have in many ca >,
turred out failures Russia is totally incapable OF
entering into competition with the manufactures Of
Western Europe. 1t is estimated that Of the vast
population OF the empire only three millions are
MOBILES tradesmen, AID all the classes below thesa
are utterly incap sble OF bee mig customers OF the
expensive manufactures established ia Russia
IrsvellIg would elsewhere be better conducted
than Ia Russia If the posting houses better or
gained and more punc.ual ia supplying horses
The country is perfectly fiat, and the traveller may
proceed several hundred leagues without meetox u
single hill. Besides this, the Rlssiaa driver has
mercy on his horses, they must gallop continually
should they drop dead under the whip. The post
houses seldom afford anything beyond hot water for
tea Ind bench to rest npoD, 50 taas without
supply u provisions and other necessaras travellers
would be reduced TO t. e greatest straits Kherson
once place Of great opulcuoe and importance, is
now inAabiJed almost exclusively by Jews. Dressed
IN uniform garb, consisting OF long robe Of osck
calico, fastened with woollen grils, cauv,ss
drawers and broad sgimme1 black hat, they all
present so DE- Craze type Of humanity that the eye
turns from them with disgust.
A To their domestic economy, by means OF stoves
high temperature Is preserved in all houses in
Russia, even during the most risor)is winter For
more than ten months the outer is lever admitted
n-o the houses, and strangers are affected with an
III easy sense OF oppression aud torpor. This is
custom prevalent In Ncrshern Germany and Hol.
laDdl TO this cause must be attributed the total
absence # bloom or freshness from the check, OF
The Russian ladies. They are inca pablo of end ring
the sg 6test change q temperature, and have 40
idea OF the pleasure derived from nhaling the resl
air But for dancing, OF which they Pasionateiy
immcbiliry. What be finds it most dificul to accls
tom himself TO in Russia, is the horrible sheepsklas
Ia which men. women, and children are nuined In
all seasons OF the year-rnuch more repulsive tha
the most hidsods American Indian. These half
tanrs skins, which are worn with the wool inside
give them savage appearance, which ia ircr. ised
n The men by the long beard aud Iaous,achs they
Invariably wear. The women labor much in the
Ted, ana generally marry between fifteen and six.
teen y. ars Of age besonng old by the tune thew
are thirty. Whether a Russian woInaa's aye be
fifteen twenty or thirty, it il all one In the end
after childhood her limbs are as masc1-
Inc her features as hard, her skin aJ tanned, aui
her voice es rough as At o more mature age The
deplorabe passion for strong lgu is, if possible,
o. the increase among the peasantry, and most OF
young women are as much addicted to them ~ sac
DID II very frequently happens that . peasant AID
us wife go On Sunday TO tavern, drench them.
elves with brandy, and on their w,y back FIJI
lead drunk into sonio gully, where they pass the
Whole night.
In Russia, as in all civilized countries, religious
ceremonies still retain all their ancient influence
They afford the leasantry brief season OF pleasure
.ad eman .ipation, and relaxation from toll which
Daoles him to reyel in intoxication. The Russian
'lerpy sre said to be exceedingly depraved aud
,qnaiy ignorant aaDy Of taem pass their lives in
lisPr3ceful intoxication, which renders them inca
jabe Ct discharsing their religious duties. The
,riest'y Office i'll that country is regarded, not AZ
acred calling, but as Means Of escaping slavery
al attsiling nobility. The monks, priests, aud
leac' rs that swarm in the churches, are yearly
ii IONS OF peasants who have entered the church
hat they nay no lonser be liable IT, The lSnout
nd. above all, TO the msfo rtnne OF beng made
ocier-. But they cannot disguise tue stau of
heir birth. and are despised and locked down uuon
y the petty mobiles. II Is no uncommon thing
Dr ore u The latter to raise mis- hand 10 strike pope,
vbie the venerable Papa hum5ly bends his re ID to
eceive the chastsemen.. As usual in the Greek +
huIch, all thess Popes are married and have large
Imiies They receive nothing from the state. an
il he unfortunate serfs who obliged 10 support
len. At Easter the Russian must fliii hi, fel;- (
ious duties, and then he Is q, the mercy VI the .
liest, tho makes him pay as dearly As he eau for
AID keeps regular tardY, in which NJ
-nces aud punishments set down with inmate
rci,ioI. Thus, for theft, so many dozen eggs;
Or . breach Of fast, so many chickens. Rather .
losel nicde ofsiuarng siGll score Th- thuagas
# cen planning to bis lord II the popes exactons
,ever enters ii. head ~ Il he wero 10 adnp. sloh
coarse he would think himself damned sor blae
moon It Faster. There ere presents Of pain ed eggs,
Dranoy, end kissing ia carried prouiS, uDi7y
During the who'e of the Easter week .hs peasant hs
right 70 embrace whom he plescs nos even ex.
cettipg the Emperor ANA Empress This is relic
II The ola patrlarcasl auaers that prevailed -
cDe osei NoitteIn Erl1lc.
Ike Russians are :ein4rklsle for their glutt> J,
viii i i without a parsi.el elsewhere. They make
five meals daily copioas and substantial ~ any
Die If th:m would he amply sufficient for - day
provision fr All lhsbiialt .! the Sots Rugasn
hosp ,ay =, however, all EXPENDED On the stoGa an!
Even in ibc house, 81 wealthy nobility the iovited
guests ere et IL shit for themselves lew are aols t.
obtain bscsteads, and sheet. are unknown, unless
The ysitcr brings bis own. LODGED al domestic ne