New-York daily tribune., 1853-12-26
POLAND.

under these Circumstances, must be considered a.
seuofcal manifestation of Napoleon against Nicholas
At any rate il will occasion much bad blood and even
unessiness in ST. Petersburg.
For these reasons it is specially worthy Of attention,
as well for its renewed aud confident spirit of hope in
the resurrection ofthe Polish nation.
Prinee CzARToRYIsK condemns the events of 1913
il general and more particularly the participation of
tie Poles in the frantic instructions" Of that period
corerauating tie bulk Of the Polish nation for not
having taken any part in them He also declares
that II is mistake that Poland desires revolutions"
ard goes admonshing the various parties among the
Poles to unite and have full confidence in him the
Only man who has attempted to renew and strengthen
the old traditions Of alliance with country aud
government the circumstances OF which show most
striking similarity with those which it the lot
Of Poland to undergo. Mutual good III and unisel
Efforts are the results of these endeayors." This
points directly to good understanding between NapO
Icon and Czartoryiski; bnt the Prince is even more
expictwben he says that the government which Of all
is most Interested in is fully alive to the
necessity of unity among He1ce it has long
honored NE with its confidence. Hence also gentle
" men, have / particular and urgent motive for de-
"man5ing your confidence and your support" Il alone,
be says elsewhere can direct the Affairs Of the nation
with hope Of success
Never, even under Louis Philippe, during the sub
sequent revolutionary agitations, has CzartorysSi
been thus positive The whole tone of the present
manifesto proves that it is made by special per-
mission The Prince believes himEelf very near
the realization Of the ambitious dreams cherished by
his family for an entire century. He imagnes he
Is or the eve of placing the Crown of Poland on his
brow Fervently as we may wish the resurrection
Of Poland we have strong nsgvings that the Prince
viii become the tool and sport Of the crafty Napoleon
as in his youth and during the Congress of Vienna he
was the tool and sport Of Alexander Then as now,
lie sdiured the raticn TO have implicit confidence in
him as tie sole man able to restore it anl crown
it's sOrrovl and trials with the flliness Of bless
rcs. So, too during the revolutionary
Of 1884, be was the dupe of the wly Met
teruicb who imposed on his credulity by promises
Of diplomatic and material al AMI other iacongrutes
But aside from tie Prince and his half personal half
patriotic hopes, there rises the real question
ing the Polish nation and with this in spite Of az
fection for the exiled, we must painfully inquire
whether there now exist in Poland the necesary social
elemeuts and forces with strength and vitality enough
fothe formation Of political body in harmony with
tie notion of cur time and ita unavoidable exigences
aud necessities.
Tie general knowledge on this subject is derived
from the refugees the great bulk of whom are drawn
from the same class which for centuries absorbed ex
cusiyely the social and political life Of the Polish peO
pie, crushing, destroying everything around and be-
roath them. Far be it from Us to maintain that the
majority of the exiles do not feel deeply the evils
which spring from the past organization of their conn
Try We know the radical change Of their convictions
in this respect and that very many Of them sincere
ird devoted partisansof democratic principles. But,
sfier all the number is limited and insignificant in
rari.on with those who ia Poland hold different priac
res and with the intellectual stand point Of The nation
~ large It aone is eternal while the refugees the
best Of them are persb&le. The destines of people
canno for the long run depend expasriated
hers II an obsolete notion which closely connects the
fate Of whole nation with that of its e1es this dates
from the times when nations we're embodied and con-
certraed in certain families, dynastes or individuals,
and is wholly inapplcable to the present day.
But let Us therefore look at the Polish nation aAd n
quire wLatits real condition is. AS ardent is
democratic faith we know too well that it not enough
to recognize the value principles in the abstract but
that broad social foundation must precede the erec
tion of any democratic edifce soil is necessary to
give vitality and growth to democratic institutions.
In one word there must be a people in the
broadest conception Of the wOrl endowed with
intellectual as we'll as with material conditions
and means OF existence. The most devoted patriot
ism and bOundless individual sacrifces are not
sufficient TO save or re.uEcitate country when the
fountains Of life dried up and the social vitality OF
tie people witLered and yet in this extinction lies
lie real reason for tie downfall Of Poland We can
lot imagine that during the sixty years of various Op
Iressors and convulsions succeeding her final entomb
ment in 1894, social of shoots have come to life,
or that elements, full Of promise for the fu-
ture, have been terminating IN that ated laud.
Evils accumulated by centuries transformed into
q chronic and mortal disease can either never
be cured, or at any rate cannot be removed
e . short tine. Generations after generations are
necessary to extrpate the disease. Poland does not
possess numerous national middle class her indus
try trade and mechanic arts axe mostly in the hands of
foreigners who are either Germans or Jews The PO-
lish burghers exceedingly insignificant numerically
and still worse they are Insignificant mentally The
Polish peasant after having been for centuries an op-
pressed, neglected, tofome serf though now emanci-
paed is STILL certain extent in the same detected
condition. He ia seldom farmer on his own land
but generally taborer under special contracts on
tie estates Of the large landowner and noble To be
juzt, where justice is due, TIE Russian Government
the events OF 1881 has given to the peasantry in
the crown domains absolute ownership of the soil
and the lands of the citizens mobiles has liberated
them from TIE power OF corpOreal punishment exer
esed by tie nobility. But these peasants have far
10 20 before they reach the dignity of manly deYeop