The daily union. [volume] (Washington [D.C.]) 1845-1857, 1853-06-30
From the New YorkH Herald.
The Navigation OF the Amazon and Its Tribu-
'tartes

FROM the New YORK Heiau'
The Navigation OF the Amazon and Its Tribu-
taries.
A correspondent furnishes with the following m
tefessng commun lcaton the subject OF the navigation
of the South American rivers and the colonization Of
their banks
Now that the spirit OF enterprise and the desire for i'm
proysment predominant in all classes of society, what
project oilers he prospect OF field in which speeu
ation may obtain advantages, and al The time pro.
duce for increasing The ll-beng of man. Il is
received with general enthusiasm and becomes the
ire OF combined action for labor and capital--powers
which are indispensable, and now indeed most powerful
Cony inced then, as We are, oil this predsposton OF
minds, we believe tSnt the following exposition OF the
evident advantages aud favorable conditions embraced
the colossal scheme by which the government OF Peru in
vtes the employment OF individual enterprise and of cap
ai. Will be regarded with interest by those who, unpro-
vded with resources, seeking 10 improve their
conditions and also By the owners OF large funds who
may a mem 70 tx s very de and vast
profits from when are not only certain, but hundred
times greaier than those which are now afforded amidst
the dangers Of strong composition.
The following are the great advantages and the favor
able terms by which the enterprise is recommended:
The governments OF Peru and Brazil have formed
treaty for the purpose OF establishing The navigation OF
the Amazon from It's mouth, the Atlantic ocean, to
the nearest possible points the Peruvian coast This
agreement having been made both powers, united have
granted TO Brazilian company The facility OF carrying
INTO effect the navigation by the requisite steamboats,
which required 10 in May of the present
year and Peru has also appropriated sum OF money
destined to support and foster the enterprise The Peru
Wan government has, moreover ordered the construction
of several steamboats, 10 aid in the navigation of the ANA
Zon in the part belong ng TO Peru. and 10 explore the
Peruvian rivers flowing into it,
With respect 10 colonization, we do not yet know what
has been done By Brazll bur in Peru the Minister of
State aud Foreign Relations, Dr. D. Jose Manuel lirado,
has signed decree by which, alter making the official
division OF the Peruvian lands on which colonies are to
be formed, the following aYos are granted TO inning rants
coming 10 settle there: .... a
ls A gratui,ous gift of land seeds and implements
OF agriculture 3D. Absolute freedom of commerce for
imports and exports 3d. N only are custom house du
ties RENTED but The settlers OF those territories
exempt from all taxes Tor the term OF twenty years
excepting only the small municipal taxes. 4h All ex
penses belonging 10 the Catholic worship, and to the
propagation OF the Christian faith among savage tribes
are al The charge OF the Peruvian government. 9Th
The settlers viii be authorized 10 manage their local
Germs by municipalities formed of individuals taken
from among themselves, and 10 decide their judicial
questions by of iures. This dec ee we suboin
These the lavoFs offered by Peru TO those who wish
10 go and populate the immense valleys the eastern
side OF the Andes But what advantages do those vast
regions present to human labor and to commercial enter
prise They are The following Virgin lands, abound.
ing in fruitful and nexhauslibe plants, of various and
immense product The forests which extend 10 great
distances over lhe plains, almost covering them, offer
the finest buidlps timber such as are adapted 10 cab
met work OF exquisite beauty and quality ncompar-
able and entirely Unknown Ia Europe so that any piece
Of furniture, although OF rude construction would be an
object OF luxury. merely from the value of the material
Those woods are the cedar mahogany and eocoboo, of
very rare qualities. Mama is very highly esteemed ;
palo de couz, sassatras, elm, almond, chona, &C. With
respect 10 other natural productions they found in
prodigous variety in immense and inexhausble quaint.
y aud all OF The best quality such coffee sugar
copavia, and many other kinds OF drugs and
dcinal plants OF all classes sarsapariila quna
ra, cotton resins gums, WAKES dyewoods of all colors
ana OF great beauty potatoes, yucas, sweet potatoes,
Ice wheat maize, garden vegetables OF every kind and
fruits IN abundance OF various Species exquisite aud of
prodgious SIZE The mineral Kingdom very complete,
and yet untouched. According accounts given by
miners who have passed through these regions diter
nh. thar M. IL
II Is very probable that every kind oil precious I'LL
be discovered. Coal and many other combus,ible SUBJ
stances are found IN vast and extensive beds those
plains.
The animal kingdom is very much varied in It's classes
OF quadupeds, BIRDS and fishes, and numerous that
they alooe would supply sutcien, food for all the colo
nsts who may settle there without counting the great
sources TO be derived IRON their SKINS their beautiful
feathers aud abundant oil, which even now forms a
principal article OF commerce for the small towns situated
on the banks of the Amazoa and Ucayaia, with Para
in Brazil.
To all these great attractions, collected on the vas,
plains waieed by the Amazon and It's tributaries in Peru
lssupeIadded the incompatible advantage OF perfectly
heallhful climate.
The tropical nature of those region. is such that it ad.
ms OF all ptoduc,ons and will remuueate every species
OF labor. They being countries eminenty agricultural,
level and enjoying The advantages afforded by the ANA
zon and ITS branches, which all deep enough for
lgation by large vessels IL is evident that Europe may
ind IN those extensive valleys vast field whence she
may obtain immense quantities of PROVISIONS and numer-
Gus and hitherto unknown rare materials Europe,
then, may mod fountain 10 vivy her manu- factures
ana the men who shall people and work those favored
leg ons will insure The consumption OF all her products
To one who looks for commerce, a new and extensive
market - offered ~ those colonI, which will be near
Europe since 1000 miles the rivers will be passed in
sho time By steamboats,, and the northern coast OF
bfazh, where the Amazon empes into the ocean, is
but few days sail iron European ports But the great
hopes offered 10 general trade do not end here and in
view oil Them we may expect most bran, fu-
lure Tor 10 the whole course of the Amazon course
which comprehends, have said, 600 nlles) count
ing iron the Paso, on the coast OF Brazil, Saaycun
which Is the principal mission place in The Peruvian ter
rtoy, that majestic river receives, well from the north
as from the SOUTH the waters of numerous tributaries
which traverse OIL the States OF South America 10 place
very near the maritime coasts OF them all. Conseq ueny
by once establishing navigation and trade along the whole
line OF the Amazon II will be easy 10 establish navga
uon and trade on all The large tributaries OF that river
which, IN Their turn dividing mic many smaller navga
bic streams, traverse the territories OF the repnb
lies OF South America That is TO say, a vast and COM
plee system of easy channels and rapid transit W be
opened through all the extensive South American conii-
nen and further, ali the articles destined for the con-
sumption OF the countries in the western part OF this con
unep need not be carried round Care Horn 10 reach the
coasts, and 10 be carried far into The interior for when
the communication by the rivers shall once have been
opened, they will take the place of roads ma king The
transportation more speedy and less aborous and ar
penstve As one Improvement introduces another and
one stspln advance encourages greater, II will surely
happen mat when this vast system OF communica-
hon shall have been established throughout South Amer
ca, and The new settlements, which is sought TO
lorn on the rich and vast plans of Peru shall
fosnded and enlarged surely happen we repeat
that all The various States of South America being
brought into communication with the Amazon by means
OF lher rivers, they will find lhemseyes IN