The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1853-01-24

other States and races perfectly independent Of their
own federal territories and authority. The expert
ment of republican government which has been 80
successful in the Anglo American part Of that CONT
nent may be said to have proved q lamentable fail.
ure in the former colonies Of Spain. which still owe
the vestges of civilization they have retained to the
vceregal administration Of their mother country
Republics and monarches, whether absoloteer const
tutional good bad not upon any abstract or uni
versa principle OF human nature but according to the
character and circumstances of the people to be gov
erned. The end Of republican government in such
a State Mexico seems to be the extinction OF all
political power, and the dissolution of every SOCIAL
law. We may be of opinion that the authority Oh
permanent monarchy Is preferable to an ineonerens
series of military relationships, and that nation OF
Roman Catholics and Spaniards is best ruled 10y less
democratic institutions But 1t is moi our 20
give effect to such opinion any more tnan II Is the
business of the American government, 20 prohlot
their continental neighbors from adopting any
form of government they may prefer In our Judg-
ment since Mr. Cass is pleased to regard this journal
as the authoritative eXpositor OF the opinions and
policy of England the true dignity and the prac
tca interests OF both nations are far better served
by the amcable declarations of Mr.. lngersoll than
by the acrimonious speech of Mr. Cass 1t is b.
cause we respond cordially to the former that we
leave the latter without such an answer as it was
calculated and perhaps intended to provoke; and
we are confident that the great majority of the
British public, Tar from accepting challenge to
handy taunts with American journalists or orators,
will regret that the Senate of the United States
signed to control the impulses of popular ambition,
but to excite them-not intended to strengthen the
great cause Of peace and freedom but to let loose
spirit OF national jealousy and rash aggression upon
the world.
from the London Chronicle. Jan IL
The recent debates in the American Senate throw
some light upon the views entertained by the govern
ment at Washington of the foreign relations OF the
republic with the great European powers, and espe-
cially regards the island of Cuba. The most i'm
portant speeches were those of Mr. Mason and Gene
raj Cass. The former explained the grounds which
made it, as he commended, impossible for the United
States to enter into convention with France and
Great Britain, with the object of guaranteeing Cuba
from being occupied by any Of the three contract
ing parties That proposition was, are nformedby
Mr. Mason rejected for two reasons. which certainly
appear to be somewhat contradictory The first is that
the United States will continue to respect the rights
of Spain so long and only so long that power
maintain its dominion. The second is, that Cuba
must in OF time, fall off from the parent State
and that its political connection with the Union will
then be inevitable This says Mr.. Mason sis an
ineligible reply to any question of European inter-
ference with the political condition of Cuba. Intel
Hgible enough it may be- but, for all that, il is by
means a satisfactory excuse for the cabinet of
Washington declining to accede to the arrangement
proposed by France and Great Britain. 1t simply
amounts to an assertion OF right in the United
States to annex Cuba whenever such a course may
be deemed convenient. For it clear that the tive
maritime powers OF Europe, in making the over
lures referred to, dsclaimed all wish to interfere
III the AFFAIRS OF tins Island, ana completely mega
tived those suspicious which, a few years ago,
were so actively excited by transatlantic politi-
clans. 1t cannot now be said that either France or
England entertains designs upon Cuba and had
the American government been equally disinterested,
it would scarcely have refused to agree to the
terms proposed. Similar arrangements have often
been made between the great powers Of Europe, with
a view to maintain the balance Of power and pro-
mote the cause Of civilization; and it by means
of such compromises that the Kingdoms Of Greece
and Belgium were founded. There are European
States which have interests in the Gulf Of Mexico
scarcely less important than those Of the republic;
and they have, therefore fair right to ask the Anne
rican government to give proof that it will not
attempt to gain prepOnderance dangerous to the
rights of others, whilst it is their duty TO prevent
by negotiation the dangers Of collision hereafter
General Cass view of the matter only differs from
that taken by Mr.. Mason by being more exaggerated
The veteran senator from Michigan has as he phrases
it, tolerably capacious swallow for territory and
he is Enthusiastically DESTROYS to acquire Cuba. On
European powers, and Especially upon England, the
General is very severe. English journals and English
statesmen alike fail under the lash Of his criticism
and, above all things he warns his countrymen to
disregard English opinions. We confess that we
do not attach much importance to the severity of this
cEoleIic old gentleman IL belongs to bygone gene
ration of American democrats, and would have been
more appropriate at the time of General Jackson's
Presidential election. But although General Cas-
probably goes far beyond most of his countrymen in
the expression Of his hostility to Great Britain, the
course which he advocates with regard to Cuba and
Mexico is. no doubt, popular throughout the greater
portion OF the Union. By a large extension Of the
principle laid down by Monroe i, is argued that Lo
European power be permitted to extend its colo
NAL possessions in either North or South America,
to NEEDLE with the afairs OF any transatlantic
State. The Americans, it is said, abstain from any
intervention in Europe and they claim for themselves
an immunity from the mediation or intervcntoa of
European powers in America. This is o
what large assumption when we uccllect that q
vast tract Of TIE northern continent belongs II Great
Britain that tie islands colonies OF the diff
ferent European powers and that IN the whole OF
South America the United States do not possess
foot OF territory. There is in fact, not shadow of
foundation for The doctrine in question. The French
have as much and a. little right to subdne and an
mex Mexico ar tie citizele Of the United States. The
avowal OF the principle seems simply TO amount to
a declaration that the laN consider the whole west
hemisphere their destined heritage, and are pre-
pared TO fight with any who may seek to obtain
share N the sroils Of the feeble and eetc races of
the South American republics If, how
ever. we desire IT, form a true judgment OF the
sentiments Of tie American people with regard to
Great Britain, ought not to refer to observations
made in tie heat OF debate at Washington. We
should rather base our estimate on the behavior
OF that government in its dealings with our own,
and On the assurances OF the official representa-
tive Of tire Juted States. Nothing could be more
friendly or more cordial than the language Of Mr..
lnseisoi ut Tho dinner given to him at Liverpool
Monday last lii. Ike all the educated Americans
who visit Eneaud feels that the interests OF the two
countries are closely identified as their language,
laws, and customs. On the occasion referred to- he
eloquently pointed ont the increasing Intercourse and
sympathy between the English and the American
people, and laying aside all diplomatic reserve, he
declared that there was question between the two
governments which could not be easily and pacfcal-
" adjusted. This Is not The first nor the second time
that such an address has been made by a minister Of
the United States: but Mr. ngersols speech is most
valuable proof Of the conciliatory disposition
OF American INSTRUMENTATION link in the chain Of
sympathy by which the two countries are bound to-
gether. In the present condition Of Europe, it is
consolation to know that the cause Of constitutional
liberty may count upon transatlantic alliances and to
feel assured that, whatever differences may have
from time 10 time with our great commercial rivals
we shall never our knsmen aITayed against ~ on
the side Of despotisn.
The Women Oh England vs.. the Women OF
America.
THE LATTER DEFENDING THEIR COUNTRY.
rom Wilmer X Smith Times, Jan s.
IN our publication Of the 4th ult., we directed at