The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1853-10-02
American Husbandry.


The following is an abstract Of an address deliver
ed by Governeur Emerson, NJ D., before the Chester
county (Pa0 Agricultural Society:-
line Doctor commenced BY viewing American hus-
bandry as consisting of two systems the first or
simplest being thatcarried where the fertility ofthe
virgin soils on recently reclaimed lands exacts little
less than mere culture to produce good crops The
second Is that which he's TO be adopted on lands long
use and more or less impoverished where fertilizers
OF various KINGS have to be applied with all the as
sistance that can be gained from improved imple-
menfs and labor saving machines. The great discov
cries made OF late years by scientific invest gators in
the analysis OF plants and their resolution into the
primary elements were referred to, and the nature
and properties Of lime in its different states were ex
planned together with directions for its application.
The practical bearings of few simple principles
were given, the chief of which was solubility to
secure sufficient sctvty with this as well as every
other ertiizer. The modes in which this may be Sc
cured were pointed out Reference made TO the in
furious effects produced by applying lime in quick
state uoon heaps containing ANIMAL manures. To
prevent the escape OF ammonia fr IN bes sinks,
and manure heaps, plaster has been used scattered
IN and over them. But a better method is to
sprinkle thee occasionally with Diluted sulphlric
acid, in the proportion Of one pint Of acid to eight
gallons OF water. Gypsum or lime in the state Of
suf late Is extremely insolnbe In many sections Of
our cOun ny II appear, OF no aue as q fertilizer,
even when applied a cover and the grasses. In
others il so highly priced, in c0nseq Ience OF It's
actual or supposed nertilizng virtues that al nos.
any price would be paid by farmers rather than 20
III.
in Pennsylvania brought rs much per ton a. Peru
Wan guano does at the present day.
He dwelt upon the supreme efficiency of phos-
phate Of lime as fertilizer, aud the immense quaint
ties Of it carried To England from this and other
countries in the form Of bones. These and other
kinds OF fertilizers which the English import every
year in such immense quantities, enable her farmers
to raise immense crops Premiums have been given
in England for SIS bushels Of wheat so of barley and
los of oats per acre. The existence of bone trade
IN this country and the extent to which it is carried
ON with England were mentioned. Bones dissolved
ID sulphuric acid are far active than when APP
Piled in their ground state The agr culture Of this
county suffers immense loss from the bones allowed
to be exported. As mucn as 700 tons Of bones have
been carried away from Philadelphia to England in
one vessel, which, if converted into super-phos
plate, would give dressing TO 1000 acres.
Orc OF the most important movements in agricul-
tnre at the prese mt day Is Ire rapid extension of the
use OF concentrated fertilizers. 70 increase their ef
hciency when applied to the wheat crop, Dr. Ener-
son ha, bad manure chest adapted TO drill, from
WIt;h the fertilizer i made 10 drop into the sane
tu0es with the seed grain, both falling into the same
row, go as 10 be covered together BY thus securing
the proximity Of the seed and Us fertilizer the Doctor
expects 10 obtain greater efsct5 from moderate ap-
pIcGtion than can be procured from mncn larger
amount spread broadcast Jethro TGlls system Of
thorough culture cannot make crops grow well where
the elements ct fertility absent from the soil. The
priest may piay the ground TO- an increase az Is
done in some countries but bis prayers sill be OF no
avail without they beaccompanied by the application
birthstone to the arts and manufa lures, well a
10 agriculture; and The immense quantity OF Sulphur
carried to England to be used chiefly 10 the arts Of
peace Ii tie, comparatively speaking, being employed
10 make guopowder. As slphuric acid Is the Key
stone OF many Of the most important lnuficturing
processes which enrich Gre It Britain it j. becoming
OF immense importance 70 agriculture forming the
basis OF nearly oil the best concentrated icrtllZers.
Sulphur in the United States pays an import duty OF
ID per cent. In England, where they know their in
ieTest better, II is admitted tree. Dr. f. has used
no less than 5000 lbs OF strong oil Of vitrol the
present. year in the preparation OF frtii zers for his
crops, which be reports extremely luxurant lie
adyerted TO the superior skill of British farmers az
enabling them to employ more capital on their
farms than is usually done In the United States.
Besides the millions expended in the purchase OF
bones, which are brought from the ends OF the earth
England imports not less than six or seven millions
Of collars worth of guaHO every year. As every ton
Of these enables her farmers TO raise several tons Of
grain and animal food, this proves an admirable me
thod u reduce the amount of inpprtations from
abroad, for which money Or goods woIId nave TO be
pac.
The English not content with Gathering crtlzcrs
from the ENDS Of the world. do not stop here but
i'm, oit also the master spirits who can instruct them
to axe the most Of their resources The invitation
extended 10 the celebrated Dr Ieibig of Germany
10 conc over and deliver a course Of lectures was
special honor paid to science for ts illustration OF
agricultural subjects htherto resting in deco OBJ
security. The invitation 10 Professor johnson, OF
England, by the New York State Agricultural So
ck.y, vas similar recognition Of improvements
effected In husbaadry through fscts developed BY
scsentiao n-esalSston. ". E. urged skpaSlI u