New-York daily tribune. [volume] (New-York [N.Y.]) 1842-1866, 1853-05-18

CONVERSION INTO CLOTH AND IRON.
'PKorUcrIos FOOD AND orHER RAW sATKRlls
This is in exact accordance With what We know 70 h
tIue bat according to the modern school, Commerce
forms an inverted pyramid. thus:
'ExcHASGTs WITH DISTANT MY
'ExcBASeEs AT ROxE
'coSvERsIoN.
Production"
The following facts and Arguments under this head
are irresistible;
The more the linen manufacture. those OF WOOL hemp
ron could be discouraged abroad the greater vas the
quantity Of products TO De sen, 70 London and Liver
pool and the les the ndacem for Sppyiog labor 70 the
mprov tnent Of English land For tune. this operation
so far regarded food was restrained BY the corn laws
but ow the whole system precisely which repro
bated by the most profound political economis, thai
Britain ever produced is consequen seen ia the
following figures 10 ISL the proportion OF population
of ENGLAND engaged IA agriculture IS per cent Ia ls
hsc fallen to IS per cent and nov scarcely exceed
per cent and in lsil the actual number less
than Il rad been ihnty yeSrS before.
Thu. driven out frnm the land EugiShmen had 70 seek
Cther employment while the same system Vas annually
orvng England tens OF thousands Of the poor people Of
Scotland and resnd and thus forced competition for the
sale in England of the raw products Of the earth prdaeed
competition there Tor the sale 81 labor the result OF which
in the fact that agrou turs wages have fallen from
% week and the abofvr has become non year TO
year slave to the osPsces OF his employer whether
the great farmer the wealthy ofm or furnaces.
The total population Of the aiisd htHgdo dependeniup-
agriculture cannot be taken az more than ten monsi
and IS agricultural Wages cannot be estimated AT higher
aversge than per week there cannot be- aei1dng tho
earning of women than IS per family and flhaoo
divided among four gives Is 60 per bead, or - lss.
per snnum. ard to, amount 20 oe divided among ten
million Of people. Of 40 millions Of pounds 1872 millions
of dollars In rejecting upon this the reader requested
bear in mind that provides wages tor every week IN
the yesr whereas throughout considerable portion Of tho
United Kingdom very much OF the time is unoccuped
CHEAP labor has in every country gone hand IN hand
with cheap land Such having been the case Il may noe
now be difficult account Tor the small value Of land when
COM AIRED with the vast advantages possesses in being
Il in .Khi IN. han, .t...
products for manufactured aud also for Tho
reader hiss seen the estimate Of VI IAaReH ohe best
sgrculursf Of Germany otthe vast difference In the val
ne of land in Mecenburgh close 20 market compared
" IN that distant from Il but he can eyerywhers for
hrs, II that that which Is close 10 city viii com and
tice as much rent that distant twenty miles, aud ten
times ~ much as that which il Va hundred miles distant
ow almost the whole land of the United Kingdom Is In
the condition ofhe best OF that here described The dis
tanc are everywhere small and the roads oughto
be- good and yet The total rental osnd, mines and mine
rail- but 0o0 and this for an area Of 70 millions Of
acres giyugan ot only about - % pr acre or
s9-lss than t2per head OF the population fhisisvery
small indeed and ID tends % show 10 how great extent
the system must have discouraged agriculture In 1878
iii population OF only twenty millions, the rental amount
fifty two and halt millions and the exports of the produce
Of British and Irish land then almost three times
great as they with population almost oneha
greater than II wa Then.
lhe very small value Of tholand OF the United Kingdom,
when compared with lis advantages, can be properly APP
preciated by the reader only after examination OF the
OF things elsewhere Inc pIice OF
this country dependent almost entirely on what can DO
obtained the very small quantity sent 10 England Marx
Lane as II Is said governs the worlds prices IL does
eoVt IN them in New York and Philadelphia where prices
mus, be much below those Of London and Liverpool
the cost Of transportation Insurance, and commissions
there could be export Their prices in turn, govern
those Of Ohio and Pennsy lvaDa Indians aud Illinois which
must always be much below those Of New York ths
cost of getting the produce inere H. now, examine into
the mere coat oil Transporting he average produce OF ga
acre Of land from the farm to the market of England,
shall find that would be FAR more than the average rental
Of English land and yet that rental includes coal copper
iron al tin that supply large portion OF the world
Under such circumstances land in this country should DO
ofvery small value IL even any aud yet the following
facts tend show that the people Of Massachusetts, with
population of only ggAOOO scattered over surface OF Eve
millions of acres wtha soil 20 poor that but 2i3J0O0 are
improved and possessed of mines OF coal roD tin lead
or copper have in hs short period they have occupied H.
acquired rights in land equal per acre. 10 those acquired by
the peope of England In their fertile soils with their hch
mines IN two thousand years The cash value Il the farms
that state in 1850 sl09O000)O which dCided 0pr
per cent would yield o. 3D. Add TO this the difference
between wages Of four six and eight shngs per week In
the United Kingdom and wen ortweoty five dollars per
month IN Ma sachusets aud will be found that return
in the latter quite equal that the former and yet the
price ofagricultura produce generally Is NJ much below
that Of England as the cost OF freight and commission,
which alone are greater than the whole rent OF English
land
NewYork has thirty millions Of acres OF which only
twelve millions have been in any manner improved and
those she been steadily exhausng because vi the alb
sence o. market the land, ouch possessed
by England She has neither cos other mines OF any
pOnanc and her factories are few IN number and yet
the cash value Of farms returned by the Marshal
gst millions Cf dOars, ard that certainly less than the
the real value II take the latter AZ go millions II viii
give ESQ per for the improved land an average OF
500 for all Taking the SIX per cent $50 Oh.
tain % per nearly the average Of the United King
dom ana would be quite reasonable 10 make the mines
and minerals OF the latter set OIL against the land that Is
II he rader desire to understand the cause Of the small
value Of Lngsh Land when compared with is adyan.
tges, he may find il in the olIosng passage
Iand ow ners pos.e extensive territories which little
poss 70 he Of the mpover where undesoped
production he wasps and useless IN s midst o. the most eess@a .ne
iemptng markets Of the wat consuming population OF THIS country
Tnforiunstely however those markets are small. whIe
the tendency OF the whole British system is toward con-
yeng the entire earth farm for their supply,
and thus preventing the application OF labor TO the i'm.
pTovonent II land at home The tendency 81 prices
wht er Of land labor their products is toward level,
and whaeyer tends.O lessen the price OF any Of those com
mOdies in Ireland india Virginia, or Carolina, tends 10
produce the effect in England and We have seen
that such the direct tendency Of English policy with re-
sect 10 the land Of all those countries With decline IN
value there be- tendency to consolidation and
thus the policy advocated BY Inc Eeoaott produces the
ey u which Il much and 80 frequently complains
Chapter XXX. or THE DUrr or THE PEOPLE OF THE
U,,rrs STATES depicts the shortcomings Of this
t,v from her faIse relations with England. Where
ever, Gays the author, the system prevails Of com.
polling the export Of products, the exhaustion Of
the land the cheapenng Of labor, and the export Of
tie aborer Slavery grows wherever IL is resisted
Slavery dies away" We copy the following table
coai, rao'. py ''ot' co1"',is. ss..s ss -, "'a'
The wesi indies s e Germany
Portugal nom.,k
fancy. s Isa@~-
Chapter Xxx. Or rHE DOTY OF THE PEOPLE o. ENC
.-. eoncludes fhus: