The daily union. [volume] (Washington [D.C.]) 1845-1857, 1853-06-28

share not The opinion OF bose Who believe In a gold
en- age OF Hindosian, Without recurring. however, like
Sir Charles Wood for the continuation OF my view, TO
the authority OF kLal Khan. Bst example. the
times of Anrung Zebej the epoch when the Mogul
appeared IN The north and The Portuguese IN the south
or The age OF Mohammetan invasion, and OF the Hept-
arcby IN Southern India or. IL you will 20 still more
back 10 antiquity, take the neurological chronology OF
The Brahman himself who places the commencement OF
Indian misery IN an epoch more remote than the
Christian creation OF the world
There cannot however. remain any doubt but that the
misery inflicted by The Btitsh 90 Hlndostan is OF
sentially different and infinitely more Intensive kind than
all Hindcstan had TO suffer before do not alude TO
EuEopean despousm planted upon Asaiic despotism by
.he BRUSH East inaia Company. forming more mon
ling us in the Temple OF Salsetle This is distinctive
feature OF BRUSH colonial rule but only imitation OF
the working of the British East India Company sui
hceni literally to repeat what Sir Stamford Rallies the
English governor of Java, said Of the old Dutch East In
dla Company; t. F.p
"The Dutch company. actuated solely BY the spin, OF
gain, and viewing their subjects with less regard or
sheraton than West India planter formerly viewed
gang upon his estate because the latter had paid the pur
chase Of human property which the other had
not employed all The existing machinery OF Jespo,sm to
squeeze from the people their utmost miie Of contribution
The las, dress OF their labor and thus aggravated the
evils OF capfcous aad semi rbarous government by
working IL with all the practsed ingenuity of politicians
and all the monopoliziDg selhshness of traders"
All the civil wars, invasions, revolutions, conques,s,
famlnes strangely complex, rapid and destructive as the
successive action IN lnuosan may appear, did go
deeper than its surface. EngaDd has broken down the
entire frame work of Indian ceiy without any symp
toms OF reconstruction yet appearing This loss OF his
old world, with no gam OF new one, impaIts par
tcuar kind OF melancholy 10 the present misery of the
Hndoo, and separates Hiadosan ruled by Britain from
all lis ancient traditions and from The whole of its past
history.
There have been in Asia. generally. from mmemoria
times, bat three departments OF g0vernmenthat of Fl
ss or 11a snas OF The that Of WAR
OF Public Works Climate and territorial condl,ions
pecaly the vast tracts Of desert extending from the Sa
hara, through Arabia Persia india, and Tarary the
elevated Asatic highland, constituted artificial ini.
gallon BY canals and wser-w works the basis OF Oriental
agriculture. As IN Egyp, and India. nundaons are used
vantage is taken of high level for feeding rrga,ive
nails This prime necessity OF economical and CON-
mon use OF water, which, in the Occiden drove private
enterprise TO voluntary association, in Flanders and Italy
necessated, in the Orient where civilization low
and the territorial extent too vast to call into lie voun
tay association the interference OF the centIa zng power
OF government. Hence an econOncal function voved
upon all Asia,lc governments the function OF pro-
vidng public works. This artificial fertilization of the
soil, dependent on central government. and Immediately
decayng w The neglect OF irrigation and drainage,
plains the Otherwise s,Iange fact that find whole
territories barren and desert that were once brilliantly
cultivated, Psmyra Petra, the ruins in Yemen. and
large provinces OF Egypt, Persia and Hndostan also
explains how single war of devastation has been able
TO depopulae country for centuries, and TO strip il of all
It's civilization.
Now, the British in Eas, India accepted from their
predecessors the department OF finance and of war; but
they have neglected entirely that of public works
Hence the deterioration OF an agriculture which is not
capable OF being conducted on the British principle o!
free competition OF aisss- ture and aisste Ier But
IN Asiac empires we quite accustomed TO agri-
viving again under some other government. There the
barvess correspond 10 good or bad government they
change in Europe with good or bad seasons Thus the
oppression and neglect of agriculture, bad ii is, could
not be looked upon the final blow dealt TO Indian
society by the Brush intruder had il been attended
by circumstance OF quite different Importance,
all h. M rh.l.
changing the political aspect OF lndas past must appear
its social condition has remained uualered since lis re-
hottest antiquity, until the first decennium OF the 9h
century The hand-loom and the spinning v heel pro-
ducing their regular Byads OF spinners and weavers,
were the piyols OF the structure of that society From
immemoTlal times Europe received the admirable tex
lures OF Indian labor, sending IN return for them her
precious metals, and furnishing thereby his material 10
the goldsm,h-lhat indispensable member of indian so.
ce,y whose love OF hnery great that The lowest
class, those who 20 about nearly naked have commonly
pair oil golden earrings and gold ornament OF
kind hung round their neeks Rings the fingers and
toes have also been common Women as well as chill.
dren frequently wore massive bracelets and ankles OF
gold or silver and stsuettes OF dvines gold and sill
yer were met with in The households 1t the British
istruder who broke mp the Indian hand loom, and de-
soyed the spinning wheel England begun with driving
The Indian collons from the European market it then
introduced twist into Hndostan, and The end nunda
led the very mother country OF cotton with coions From
1918 10 1886 the export of twist from Great Britain 10
India rose in the proportion OF 200 TO 5000 In 1924
the expor, OF British muslns TO India badly amounted
10 yarus, Wnic IN 1877 surpassed
OF yards But at The same time the population of Dacca
decreased IRON 10000 inhabitants 10 20 600 This de-
cline OF Indian iowns, celebrated for their fabrics
by no means the worst consequence British steam and
science uprooed, over the whole surface of Hndostan
the union between agricultural and manufacturing indus.
try.
These two crcums,ances-the Hindoo, on The one
hand, leaving like all Oriental peoples, 10 the central
government the care OF the great public works the prime
condition OF his agriculture and commerce, dispersed
the other hand the surface OF the country and ag
The sttr al
ncultura and manufacturing pursus-these two circum
stances had brought about, since The times
social system OF particular feaiures-the so-called
LAsk SYSTEM, which gave 10 each OF these small
their independent organization and distinct life The
euar character OF this system may be Judged from
tolioHing description, contained old official report
OF The British House OF Commons on Indian affairs
A village, geographically considered. is a tract OF
country comprising some hundred or thousand of
arabic and waste lands; politically viewed it resembles
corporation township. lss proper establishment OF
lions; The potaii or head inhsbant, who has generally
The supenntendence OF the affairs OF the village settles
the disputes OF The Inhabitants attends to the police and
performs the duty OF collecting the reyenoe within his
village, duty which his rsoaal influence and minute
acquaintance with the situation and of the peo-
pie render him the best qualified for this charge The
kWnum keeps the accounts al cultivation, and regis
ters everything connected with IL. The tatHer and
the tote, the duty OF the former of which consists
in gaining information OF orimes and offences, and
in escorting and protecting persons travelling from
one village TO another; the province OF the latter APP
pearing TO be more Immediately confined to the viii
lagos, consisting, among other duties, in guarding the
crops and assisting in measuring them The boundary
who preserves the limits OF the village gives evi