The daily republic. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1853-1853, 1853-08-02

their institutions and love Of freedom, which
develop the man and give energy Of character,
they are pre- eminent. We speak Of England
and America together. And though they differ
in same things, there is much that is common
between them. Not only are they alike in
language, but in their ambition, in tenacity Of
purpose and determined perseverance,, and in
many other attributes. The institutions Of
both have common basis-lOve of individual
independents; and they are the only people
who appear to have ever appreciated liberty in
a practical, rational manner. This character
isti- has much to do. doubtless, with the supe
rior progress Of the race. For as England with
her free institutions has outstripped the rest of
the world, 30 America with her greater freedom
and superior institutions will leave England be-
hind in the race. These, then, are the people
who have made. highway Of the Pacific and
every other ocean-who are fast bringing all
nations and tribes into communication with each
other, and who are spreading tine light of civil
zation in the darkest corners Of the earth.
These are the people who have planted them
selves in the east and in the west of the Paci-
fc as two points d'appui from which they will
press with Irresistible force upon the rich coun-
tries and among the dense populations Of Asia
and the Asatic archipelago.
California in five years has become great
State, with population of more than 300, 600.
Her mines are yielding at the rate Of 500, OO0,-
600 a year, are increasing. and appear to be
inexhaustible. The commerce of San Fran
cisco rivals that of our largest Atlantic cities.
From January to the 3Oth Of May, 1853, there
entered 4S7 vessels of 249 ,033 tons, and cleared
755 vessels Of 272,245 tons. Governor Big
LER reports that there was a capital Of
sos, 522.568 employed in agriculture. real
estate, and Improvements; and, comparing her
with other States, he says:
sin horses she is in advance Of fifteen of the
States; in mules, of twenty-six States; mich
cows, of twelve States; in work oxen, of eight
value of live stock, of twenty States; barley,
only equalled by New York; potatoes, next to New
York, and more than one-half of all produced in
the Union; wheat, greater than ten of the States;
oats, three-fourths of the other States; hay, ex-
ceeding nine of the States; mining, without
and one-half of them in quantity produced. T"
Our Territories of Oregon and Washington,
though not making such rapid strides as Cali
fornia, are advancing fast, and will soon become
States. They have mineral wealth, a delight
full climate and the finest agricultural country
in the world. The abundance of unsurpassed
timber, and coal, and water-power, with the
fine harbors Of the strait of Juan de Fuca and
Puget's Sound, must make this region great
|ship-building and commercial country. These
countries, stretching along from the 33d to the
10th parallel of latitude, embracing every eli
mate, and unparalleled in their resources and
capabilities for agriculture, mining, manufac-
turing, and commerce, and inhabited by peo-
pie who will soon develop them, are destined
to be the controlling power of the Pacific.
In nearly due southeast direction from San
Francisco to Port Jackson, New South Wales,
a distance of about $3.50 miles, is the seat Of
the other mighty embryo empire of which we
have spoken. Sydney is magnificent city,
containing population of nearly 100000, and
has one of the finest harbors in the world. II
is the capital of New South Wales, and the
first city of Australia. Melbourne, however,
since the gold discovery, from being nearer to
the mines, has advanced astonishingy; and
from its more central position, relatively to the
other colonies, threatens to rival Sydney in the
contest for the seat of empire. The colonies
and settlements of Australia are New South
Wales on the east side of that insular CONT
nent. stretching from the tropics to the thirty
eighth degree of south latitude. This is a
great pastoral wool-growing region, and con-
tains portion of the gold district. Australia
Felix, or the Port Philip colony at the extreme
|southernmost part of the continent, bounded by
BASES Strait, is rich agricultural and pasto-
raj country-the climate, like that of all the
colonies, is very fine. 1t is not so arid as some
of the colonies more north, and therefore is
superior for agriculture. 1t has gold mines
also. On the west side of Australia, parallel
to New South Wales on the east, is the colony
of South Australia, of which Adelaide is the
capital. Here are the great Burra Burra and
other copper mines. This, too, is fine pastoral
and agricultural country. The colony of Swan
River, further north on the west. has not made
much progress. Then there are the colonies
Of Van Dieman's Land and of New Zealand.
These are islands with the happiest climate
and full of resources. The entire population
in the colonies is probably over half a million
The discovery of such an abundance of gold
has given them an importance scarcely less
than that of California. The amount of gold
produced is equal, or nearly equal, to that of
our own Ell Dorado.
What, then, may we not expect from these
colonies, which must, before long, become in
dependent States2 We shall have an extern
sive intercourse with them, while we shall
rival each other in the trade of the Pacific