New-York daily tribune. [volume] (New-York [N.Y.]) 1842-1866, 1853-06-29

use Of the gentlemen, from the same source, an addi-
tona luxury for travellers would indsputaby be added
and enc which returning Caliiomans might frequently
avail themselves of to the great improvement OF their
personal appearance.
SCIENCE, INVENTION and INDUSTRY.
THE C.IoRlc EsGlSE-The frs. stroke Of the air ship
Ercssons pstons caused 81 of excitement such
the steam engine never cccasioned On the one hand
practical Engineers OF all ranks predicted failure, and by
saving and again came to be convinced OF
il themselves before knowing at all what the Fries
sons machine Such is the influence of self interest
and prejudice On the other hand the friends Of the ia
ventor and that class liberal 90 ahead whose motto
is procres considered the thing done because was be
gun snd took Capt Ericssons words for gospel Much
has since been written on both sides but neither those who
have spced their reflections with little personal abuse and
ridcule nor the civil contributors to respectable
papers have made the question advance single step The
two following points have been sturdy maintained by the
contendiDg parties both the words OF celebrated
historian readily finding what they sought and both OBJ
"stisstey refusing 10 anything but What they sought
The one elaine use the csorc and over again by
warning The air entering the cylinder with the heat con
a I'd in tie escaping expended air In this they profess ID
20 Go nothing very extraordinary the same thing being
partly done engines when water warmed by con
densed stes though the nature of air allows the
proc.ss 10 be carried further and moreover they had ane~
NNN WV
than enough to make up the 30 degree, remaining ia the
escaping air and surdry other small losses The other
party retortd With the that something cannot come
out Of nOhnga proposition which holds true. whatever
be the thing to which You apply it Only two centuries
ago few persons understood that material objects could not
he produced by uratOn and even in our tune there
are who are substantially Of that oilon Tnose
who make profession Of scientific study, and who know
electricity light c,oric ard mechanical power, as sab
ssual REALITIES are free from such absurd ances, but for
the Mass Of people these agencies are after all little better
NapwcbCrat Toihese few students the idea Of wrn. NJ
caloric over and again producing mechanical '"er
nothing wears thu aspect of 0Hrdy 10 tho snni-
tsed public il j. something very hu- ~ clearly iea-i0 AZ
least the Ir peug Of railroad cars by tie table turning
process There is evidently some truth IN each OF these
orrote views aud the difficulty 70 reconcile their appa
r,utooluadicsn Thsis question Of pure science which
savants are better able 60 settle than engineers The m
lowing extract from paper Published in the Compte'
R,sdp, 81 the French Academy of Sciences for April,
1.-g gives some insight into the difficulty 1t read
by n V Reguault ami treats oi the sps-lte heat 81
e.e.hc .frids:
For more than twelve years have been occupied
IN collecting the data necessary for the solution OF the
following problem. What Is theoretically the motive
mover Which nay b. obtained from given quaint
" Of heat by applying it to the development and
Caaton Of various electric fluids under the various con
o,t,us which are practically rcalizAbie y. the time
wien entered upon these Tese1rcAes the question ap
reared 90 ne more sin pie than il does 81 present Bat a.
rusI, the case 30 sciences II observation in prOpOr
ton as advanced in my studies ths subject hss con
tiluauv expanded Within the last Nv years th'
ufebanica! theory OF heat has occupied th'
attention Il great number Of maihenahclanS
lss been ss.u,d that heat may be CONCERTED into me
ctarsl sciioo aud r-olro,ay that mechanical actor
NAV be converted into beat Ac orlg to tho old theory
,b rsty of heat possessed by the e4stc aud at is en-
rrce into The sire is found undinnished in tn
elastic aud which Is dsoha ged from It, the meciInic. &C
tom being produced solely by the passage Of heat throug
the eneue According u the new theory the whole
h quantity Of beat does not remain in the state Of heat
norton II heat disappears during the passage throug
tl Sin snd the motive power produced IS in A ease
rropor.,nal 70 the quantity Of heat lost According t
nv experiments the quantity Of heat possessed b. the ID
il entrance iEto high pressure steam engine Il 55
rit. LAT ~Lich it retains at is escape amounts 10 90
According to theory Of which am speaking the guam
w # heat rendered available for mechanical seton 1l
b. @ linus o. or Is units that is to say only oneior Il
uar, Of The quantity Of heat communicated TO the 0ole
In ndensDs engine the heat rendered aYai ole "ol
bs little mere than one.tEsniieh In air machines whef
bemotye force produced by the expansion Of the air
the machine by heat the action should always be proper
,cual 70 TIC difference between the quantities Of heat pos
sssed by tie air entering and escaping from the en-
re 10 other WORDS equal 70 the loss OF that heat ~ IN
air IN Iayersiny the gine. But according 70 Ene'
.oDs s,.tem the heat which the air possesses at tn
tine of its escspe Is deposited in substances ifon
which the fresh air in entering abstracts IL IN order
convey il back again into the engine il Is evident that
theoretically speaking these later engines all me hea
i. rendered available for the mechanical action while
the beet Constructed steam engine only one tWeneth OF
i rendered Available II must however, be remembers
that 90 Tot here take into consideration the e1teflo
Losses from mechanical or industrial obstacles "nicl
may present then selves in practice Messrs 1Oue mon
son md Raukne IN England, Aessrs Mayer and Chl''la
IN Germany setting from different points Of Vis" hAf
op Mechanically The mechanical theory Of ne H. II
the course Of ~ researches have encountered indeed
every step anomalies which appeared TO me ne1phcAos
accordance With the theories formerly recognized Fo
be sake OF Illustration all quote one Instance. l.
mas Of gas under pressure Of 10 anaspheres Is con
tanned in space which s suddenly doubled the pressur
falls 20 Atmosphere Two reservoirs d equal capacity
are placed in caiorimeter, the one IS dhed 7it a
under ures.ure Of 10 atmosphere the se'ond 2srisc
emr,v When eomnunio alion Is sudden maize ostgeH
tie $50 .esers.i-s t'- gas --rs Ids TO aole s r.ll