The Ohio organ, of the temperance reform. (Cincinnati, [Ohio]) 1853-1854, 1853-11-04
AustraMa.

globe, is the largest island Of the
world, and forms the center Of a
group lying between the Indian ocean
and South Pacific. Il contains an area
of 100000 square mies-an extent
nearly equal to all Europe-and is
l6, 200 nautical miles from Great
Britain. II has a coast line Of 5000
miles. The general geological char
acter Of the country is that of an inn
mense level plain, low ridges Of hills,
open forests, and in some places, rich
valleys scantly timbered, and spare in
all its verdure. The land bordering
the adopted districts favorable for cul-
tiYation, is more than twelve times as
large as the lands of the United King
dom, and sufficient ito give emplo oy-
ment to millions yet unborn" 1t is
scarcely more than sixty years since
Australia was first colonized, and yet
its population cannot be less than 40O,-
600. Sydney, the capital Of New
South Wales, is situated on the east
coast, has splendid harbor, and all
the most desirable qualities of large
shipping port-surfounded on three
sides by water in the estuary Of Port
jackson, where hundreds Of vessels
Of the largest tonnage lie in safety.
Victoria, or Australia Felix, which
is unquestionabIy the most luxuriant
district in the island, is bounded on
the north by the rivers Murray and
Hurne, Mount Kosciusko and Cape
Horn, and on the east and south by
the Pacific. 1t is divided into three
counties : 1st, Burke, embracing Mel.
bourne, the capital, which is on the
banks of the Yara- Yara, eight miles
from which is the navigable port of
Williams Town. Cd, Grant, in which
is the rising town Of Gee-long, As
miles from Melbourne or Port Philip
Bay. 81, Normandy, which includes
the harbor Of Portland. Beyond the
sett.ed portions are West Port, Muir
ray and Gipps and districts. L..a.a
The rapidity with which Port Philip
has risen, and the almostmag ical man.
ner in which the stocks have multi
Piled, at once tells its peculiar adap-
tation to the wants of emigrants. la
1885, a number Of graziers from Van
Dieman's Land removed their stocks
to this locality, and 50 marvellously
did it progress, that in 1850 it was re-
cognized by government, and formed
into distinct colony, laving then a
population of 77,349 souls.
"The country, (says Chambers in
1850, which fifteen years ago had
only few wandering savages and
wild animals, is now occupied by 1O,-
QUO inhabitants of British origin, and
leeds 100000 horned cattle, and up
wards of 5000, 100 sheep, producing
upwards Of 100000 pounds of wool
for expectation. In 1849 the imports
amounted to G479,83l, and the ex-
ports to G755, 1926. The exports are.
therefore, about f12 per head, and
The imports are f8 per head on the
settled population.
In fact, though they are buying
much, they are selling more. Labor
is rewarded, and the wealth of the
colony is daily increasing.
The success of Victoria was not un-
paralleled. Adelaide and other towns
rose rapidly in wealth and in popula-
ton, and in the midst Of the prosper
ity of 1851, new stimulant was
given to the energies Of the coIonists
by the discovery Of geld. 1t was on
the 22d day Of May, in that year, that
the first official communication Of the
discovery was forwarded by the Gov
ernor to the British ministers. Though
it was then made public, it is clear
that the existence of the precious
metal had long been known to many
residents. In 1913, one Of the Gov
eminent survey ors gave it as his opin-
ion, that "the whole dividing range Of