Green-Mountain freeman. [volume] (Montpelier, Vt.) 1844-1884, 1853-05-12

Asia yet their song is as like as that of nc
wood-pecker's. These examples might be mul
'ipied indefinitely, Birds of prey are character.
ized by short, sharp cry-as the eagle, the vul
ture; but their scream could never be mistaken
for dogs. So the cocks from Asia, the wild
fowls in South America, and our domestic hens
have similar notes. In each distinct species we
find distinct voice.
"An European naturalist, when first penetra.
ting the forests of this country, would at once
recognize the quail, the thrush, and the wood
pecker-he knows the family by their voice.
Now the difference of notes in distinct species
has direct parallel in human speech, aud is no
greater than difference of languages. Which
of these learned from the other, as the gle from
the thrush, Or the hon from the cat?
"We must either give up identity of origin,
or admit such plain contradiction As sexamples
OF cognate languages, which have been supposed
to have sprung from common source, and diff
fused and changed by tradition or transmission,
we are referred to the Sanscrit, the Persian, the
German, the Italian, the Greek and the Latin,
and others, as constituting one family. But these
as far back as their history or tradition reaches
were distinct languages. Many were spoken
simultaneously. The Oldest Chinese monuments
exhibit the same Chinese language, which is
spoken to-day-so of the ancient Egyptian, the
Hebrew, the old Greek, which presents the same
characteristic as modern Greek.-they were al.
ways within the reach of tradition separate and
distinct. These cases are very similar to sets Of
notes characteristic of different families Of ami.
mails.
"l1ow, then, arose languages so Intimately
allied, as, for example, the Spanish and Italian :
They evidently grew from an admixture-a for
eign Infusion superadhed to the original stock
Modern mixed natonales are evident examples
of the process"
The professor next argues, that the farther
back we 60 in our studies of archaeology, the
more distinct do the human raccs become. In
deed, the evidence on this head, in his opinion
would seem to prove that not only was there an
original diversity in races-n the .fuc races, as
they are some times termed-but that men were
created IN separate nations, each distinct nation
atty, which has played an important part il
history, having had separate origin. We con
Tess that this view of the matter is new to u.s. ant
we give MIR. Agassizs remarks in full:
"My own views on this subject differ widely
from those of others, who have before maintained
an original diversity of races. In my opinion
not only did different races, or types of mankind
as the five races, 50 called, have distinct Origin
but each distinct nationality which has playe'
an important part in history, had a separate ori
gln--men are created in nations, '-
ave may trace in detail how far diversity i;
manifest in even less prominent shades. W.
will instance Spain on account Of its isolation
A Greek writer, 700 years B. c.. spoke of th'
fne soft wool brought from Spain by the Ph9
ncans. So the horses of Spain are mentioned
as different from any known to the writer doubt
less the original stock of the Andausian horses
AS the sheep mentioned are the modern meri
no sheep. These were their only domescate'
animals. They had no cattle till long after
There is no mention of wild bulls. In Italy ther
was peculiar species of bull-the bison-at
very early period. This is not, however, tn
original of our cattle. 1t is found in souther
Italy-6nd nowhere else. The wild bull fror
which sprung our stock was peculiar to centra
Europe and was wild in the forests Of German
till the llth century The Romans used to sen
out bodies OF men to hunt these animals in th
Alps Of Switzerland. The goat of Egypt an
Palestine is unlike our own-marked by peculla
horns. 1t is found on monuments of the l2t
Dynasty, and Is the same as the goat of Mt. s
mai. India has peculiar species OF cattle, dl
ferent IRON ours--and in some respects far ST
peror.
"If there was such community Of origl
among men, why had each region peculiar an
nals--why did they not transmit the same Dc
mestc animals they had already subdued O
the contrary, those animals are distinct as I'll
races among whom they were found
6 In early times there was little intercouri
between nations-there was no mixture of nj
tiona character. Their means of commune
ton were next to none. Nations made up
mingled elements are peculiar phenomenon
modern history. Our own country is the mo
remarkable example of the fact.
, so in civilization, national prejudces we
} fostered by natural repuIslon, and hence the p
mitive character of a people was long preserve
"If then, we compare the physical facts in 7
spect to the different races-glvlng each Its pI
per vaIue-if we consider that in the earle
, times, different languages were in slmuaneo
use-as unlike as The notes of different speci
Of animals if we regard the subject of hybrid
-, in all its bearings, allowing the dissimilarty
species in animals in different localities its pre-
: er weight, we shall be drawn inevitably towaI
: the conclusion of diversity of origin and SCI
rate centres of creation.
r. GAN The defenders of original unity lay gr'
q stress upon external causes of change in M
Now no fact is more clear, than that rae
:. settled in different parts of the earth for cen
if ries, show no modification of type Physi
1t causes, such as climate, locality, food, mode
ct life, should affect all living things as well as m
IN Their effect should be much greater upon a
mails, whose organization is not stamped W
.e the same perfection as mans. Admitting II
o there would be no limit TO the creative powel
IL those agencies confused mass of org
n might become an animal-given matter,
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