Iowa capitol reporter. [volume] (Iowa City, Iowa) 1841-1855, 1853-04-13
Russia as it Is!

HtusSIu H
THE NOBILITY Next to the Gear in the so
cial scale, stand the Nobility, the strongest
prop the absolute throne and the immediate
instrument for the execution of the Imperial
will. They form more complete body in
Russia than in any other country whatever
Nowhere else is the aristocratic SO separate and
distinct from the mass Of The nation. Endow
dowed with numerous privileges that utterly
hedge it off from the people, at the same time
that they firmly unite its members to each 9th
er and the throne, its destiny is fatally blen
ded with that of Czarism, 10 whose debasng
annihilating, destructive influence it is more
than all other classes exposed.
In the legal meaning of the word the No.
bility form the only class enjoying the jus per
soma, or personal right. This s,however,i it enjoys
only with reference to the so-cal'ed lower elias.
es, while with reference to the Czar,it is moth
ing more than a chattel No privileges shield
it from the unlimited, autocratc authority Of
the throne.
Whatever laws are enacted, or even tempo.
rarily observed, the Gar is above them. He
is the living law, and observes the written ones
only as far rs he condesccnds to do so. In
principle and in reality he possesses more alb
solute. unboundcd, uncontrolled power over
the whole Mobility, rs well as over any sep
araic individual Noble, high or low, rich or
poor. titled or not, counting his ancestry by
centuries OF pure succession, or new made yes
terday than the same Noble possesses over his
own serf, and even over his real property
But Czarsm sustains the Mobility in its posi-
ton respecting the nation-and by oppression
the throne and the Arstocracy are tally. un.
| remttngly welded to each other
| The following are the principal rights and
privileges of the Nobility. rs = body, without
distinction Of rank They alone can possess
real estate and own serfs. They alone can
hold Offices. civil and military. which gives to
them the general administration and govern
ment of the Empire, Only the children of No
blemen. male or female, can be admitted to
;he public civil or military establishment of
education at the cost of the state. They alone
can enter the universities. The noble is ex.
empted from corporeal punishment, and from
every other infamous sentence. If any civil or
military court find noblemen guilty Of crime,
and condemns him penalty. previous to the
execution Of the Judgment, whatever it may be
whether death or condemnation to Siberia,
for the labor in the mines-the Noble is disno
bied. and expelled from the estate, after which
the sentence is executed In Justice to the
new criminal code. published few years since
| it must be observed. that it treats with more
relative severity the impeached and crminally
condemned nobleman than it does the mem
Der Of any other class. taking the ground that
as the Noble enjoys exclusive privileges. he
has thus within his reach all the means of ed
ucat ion, and his criminal conduct ought to be
more rigIdly retributed by the law. Finally,
no direct or personal taxation can be imposed
upon the mobility or their estates.
The public service being preserved for the
mobiles, it is a matter Of peremptory obligation
that they should enter it. Thus, if the mem.
bers Of a family shall for three generations fail
to fulfill this duty, the third generations falls
back INTO the ranks of merely personal Nobil.
ity, which is not hereditary. Persons of this
class are called nopodmortsy, new manor men
in whom the aristocratic privilege becomes ex
tnct with all It's boons, as, for instance, the
right of owning serfs, dc. Abstractly, and as
a matter Of principle, the Czai is supposed nO
to possess any power to hinder in any way
the liberty of Nobleman, in respect to hi'
movements in or out of the Empire. But. n!
nearly every Noblenan is in some way 9th
! | 4 ,f 81. L.,
| vice, they come to depend on superiors an'
chiefs; in a word on the ruling power and thu
they nre obliged TO ask for permission to g
, and for leave of absence. Aside from this, tb
Car, who is the living law, may at his pleas
Y ure prohibit any individual not only from trav
+ cling in foreign countries, but even from circu
: lating in the interior of the Empire. .lf he sup
| poses that the individual is guilty of any po
t Utica, contamination.
How TO RAISE FRUIr EVERY YEAR.--lfrght
ly understood few trees, unless absolutely dea'
or rotten, need occupy ground without yield
i-g plcuteous crop. After long and vsrie
experiments gradually adopted the followin
mode. As soon as the winter has disappeare
. and before the sap ascends, i examine my trees
Every dead bough is lorped off; then after tn
sap has risen sufficiently to show where tn
blossoms will be. cut away all the branche
having none on. and also the extremity OF eve
ry limb the lower part Of which bears consid
; cradle number Of buds. thus concentrating til
sap of the tree upon the maturation OF its fruit
and saving what would be useless expend
ture of strength. In the ounce, apricot an
peach trees. this is very important. as thes
are very apt to be luxuriant in leaves and de'
rjture Of fruit. You may think this inj ures tn
- trees, but it does not; for you will find tree
u laden with fruit which formerly yielded moth
> iny. Of course all other well known precar
ton must be attended to; such as cutting OF
worms from the roots. placing Old iron On III
limbs, which acts as tonic To The sap, De-
: Trv il, ye who have failed in raising frui,