The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1853-01-11

"s'aH"iN ~ uiIcCuOn W Lne fre5luent tNr
PoR) without the consent or knowledge Of th
Senate signed and delivered q protocol declaring tha
the suppression and substitution not understood
he United states to diminish what had been stipulated
before and thereupon the treaty ratified aud thu
rathcaons were exchanged do not say here that tina
rathcation was wrong that whether wrong right
It justified Mr.. Clayton All do say is that even if Mr.
Clayton's misconduct had been such as is alleged il
IS nevertheless not unprecedented in diplomacy. Sc
complaining Senators at fault and that neither the
whole the chief object Of the convention was as they
now suppose, to get the British out of Central America
The preamble declares its object TO be to forth
the views and intentions Of the two countries with
ship canal which NAV be CONSTRUCTED between y The
Atlantic and Pacific oceans by the way of the river San
Juan de Nicaragua, and either both the lakes of Nj
caragua This preamble together with the quotations
from the convention before made show that the United
States had very different object from that described by
he sennorsuness we are to suppose that the United
states mad really in view partial and selfish OBJ
ect while they held out to the other contracting parties
and to the world that they had in view different broad
not to be admitted Thrdly-I think the memories Of the
honorable Senator's at fault again and that they did
not when approving the convention understand it to in
ciude al Central America, they have described
Central America The region about the isthmus which
divides North and South America but thnly settled BY
Europeans and their descendants and therefore vet
very mpei fecy known to Europe the United States
ana there Is an ever recurring confusion of
apt to happen in such The Central America
as employed in the onvention has double sense-a geo
graphical sense and political one and they widely DIFF
feren America is divided geographically North Amer
phicaly is that part of this great continent which
hes between and connects North and South America to
geher The name applied in this view in the descrp
ton quoted by the gentleman from Ohio and So geogra
phically Central America does include not only Hondu
and the British coast with the Central American
States but also the departments of Daren and Panama
and venequa in New Granada and the whole parts Of
six of the united States of Mexico Other ap
ply the st broadly, and embrace all the re-
giOns extending from latitude seven north to latitude
twenty north and embrace not only the Ishmus
Tehuantepec but the capital of Mexico, Coehula, and
narf Of Tayn in
republic On the other hand the name of Central
America has political sense and means States the
Mexico on the north which, under the of Costa
Rica, Nicaragua, Solvader Guatemala and Honduras
co wnen tney became
republic of Central America In the convusous of that
region that omen has been displaced but the name ac
qured by It still hangs around those States and they
alone the States described politically, in books,
Biographies, and otherwise as the States Of Central
AmeIca Now, did the convention the name of Cen
tral America in its phical sense did they use
in its political Certainly in its political
for if they used it in its geographical SENSE then may
well be insisted that the convention embraces all be-
tween and twenty six degrees of north latitude
that it embraces all between and twenty two de
embrace part of the United States which would be alb
surd The geographical Central America whether broad
or narrow embraces the regions which contain the three
celebrated passages from ocean to viz Panama
Nicaragua, and Tehuantepec and that be the view in
which the name Central America is used in the
tion then the stipuations are already made be-
tween the two nations for the construction and
maintenance of canals railroad passages
all those routes. But the convention on the
contrary confines its case to the Nicaragua route and
postpones to future day the making of stpulatons in
regard to the two other routes of Panama and ehuante
pee The of the term Central American States in the
sixth article is equivalent to- and illustrates the meaning
Of the term Central America in the first article The
made neutral two States of the Central American
States in the vicinity OF the canal Nicaragua and Costa
Rica, and then adds, 'or any part Of Central America
thus clearly implying that it political Central America
that intended 1t then not geographical bnt
political Central America that was included in the Con
vention and the Senator's must have understood it
ferently informed that their opinions of value
which is not to be supposed for moment. shall en-
deayor to convince these honorable Senator's that their
memories are still further at fault, and that when
they approved the convention, they did not
understand it to include British Honduras the
Beize and its dependencies which are the same
Like Central America, the name Honduras also has
geographical sense and political sense. Geographical
Honduras is all Honduras from the borders of the sal
vador to the Caribbean Sea- and includes Spanish Hon
duras and British Honduras just as the name Virginia
long stood for the whole Atlantic border from Carolina
Canada but political Honduras is the ancient province
intendancy of Spanish Honduras ii when il sepa
rated from Spain and became the State of Honduras and
entered the federal republic of Central America and as
out Of the federal republic its dissolution and
has remained hitherto and is the State of Honduras
and that State book Of geography and every
map in every atlas is divided and separated from British
Honduras just plainly and broadly Kentucky is
divided from Virginia, Alabama from Georgia. While
British Honduras is in every such book and atlas marked
and designated with the islands before mentioned
British colony by the name of British Honduras, and
sometimes by the of the Belize ] know, indeed
that Spain the last insisted that Great Britain had only
partial and limited right Of occupancy but know also
that Spain still claims all Central America, and all
Mexico, and all South America, and Texas.
know that the State of Honduras set up the
pretensons of Spain, and still insists upon them.
glad they prove but know also that Great Britain
equally claims to British Honduras by absolute right
aa hG G has tbs two or hIe If
has claimed since 1867 and has held it undsturbed since
1883 the period of our own acknowledged national indie
pendence The Belize is British town of twenty five hun
dred people, and with its adjacent territory is colony
for two hundred yearsgoverned by British authority
and occupied by British garrison It is enthusiastically
connected with the British ocess of Jamaica and from
1s47 to 1850 the United States maintained consul there
who, with their consent received his ereqer from the
much British town, and British Honduras is as
much British colony, practically, and to the know
ledge of the whole world as Quebec and Canada;
to include that town, port and colony under the
vague and equivalent name Of any part Of Central
America No one Who supposes that the United States
anticipated such proceeding in terms vague and
ccrtainr No II is not that Britain resigns the
United States takes dominion The terms any part Of Cen
tral America then did not include British Honduras and
Senator's cannot have understood it, if sey knew the
political condition Of British Honduras have described
It. That condition known here prior TO the 10th Of
May 1849 and Senator stated in debate here that four
companies Of British troops had marched from the Belize
in Yuoatan and that this the act of the colonial
thorites of Great Britain mt the Belizeand he who
Michigan (Mr Cass) But, waving, for arguments sake,
all the points TINS far made, shall next show that the
Senator's were not ignorant Of the construction Of.
fcialy given by Mr.: Clayton to the conyen-
tion until the 9th of January, when they pro.
claimed it disclosure then obtained through the
the Presidents communication. The ratification was
made on the 4th of July 1850. On the 14th of that
month, the President transmitted to Congress
nication which contained these words-A copy Of the
treaty concluded between Great Britain and the United
States in regard to Central America, herewith sub.
mtted. It's engagements apply to all the five State
ed cnfC Cpnfr
and their dependencies of which the island of Tgre
part" II does not recognize, affirm, deny the title
Of the British settlement at Belize which by the count
than five hundred miles from the proposed canal
Nicaragua The question of the British title to this dis
trct Of country, commonly called British Honduras and
the small islands adiacent to it. named its depenlen.
cies, stands precisely stood before the treaty.
No 'act Of the Presidents administration has, in
any manner committed this government TO the
British title in that territory, any part Of
t. This papG gave to the Senator's just two years,
five months and twenty days ago, the informa-
tion which surprises shocks and alarms them now but
even that communication only reiteraton Of the
same information before given; for the Sh OF July,