Wilmington journal. [volume] (Wilmington, N.C.) 1844-1895, 1853-12-09

friendly relations between them respectively and between
each of them and the United states
Considering the regions of this continent and the
number OF states which would be made accessible by the
has been given to this subject Brazil through whose ter
toties It nto the has hitherto persisted IN
eicy restrictive in regard of this river to
nearly exclae, foreign commercial intercourse
with the states which lie upon its tributaries and upper
Branches that country instructed to OBJ
relaxation of that policy and to his efforts to IN
luce the brazilian government to open to common USE I'M
Ter proper safeguards this great natural for inter
epy interested in this attempt the free navga
o Of the Amazon and it reasonable to expect their CO.
pc alton in the
As the advantages of free commercial among
aons letter understood liberal views are gener
ally entertained as to the common gifts of all to the free
those which has provided for interna
onal communication To these more liberal and enghen
FL views shoped that Brazil will conform her policy and
remove all restrictions the free use OF
'e which triveseS so many states ana so large PaI
the continent am happy to Inform you that the rePuhhc
Of Paraguay and the Argentine have Yielded
aygahe rivers within their respective territories Treaties
mbacing this subject among others have been negotiated
with these which will be submitted to the Sen
lie at the present session.
interest Of the Unit~d States has within few Years past
sren opened III Peru Notwithst andng the inexhaust
Die deposits of upon the OF that country cons
derabe difficulties experienced in obtaining the requisite
supply Measures have been taken to remove these Difficult
les. aud to abundant importation of the a
Gle Unori unatey there has been serious collision be
ciiz2s who have re<orted the Ghincha islands
for the es committed by the LATER promptly de-
manded by minister Lima. This subject under
posed to Offer adequate indemnity to the aggreved parties
We thus not oly peace with all foreign countries
but III regard political airS exempt from any
of serious Dispute ute in our domestic relations
The which have agtaed the country here
tofoe passing with the which produced them
md the passions which they had awakened Or amy trace
If them remains may be reasonably hoped that it will
pcrcevtd in The Jealous rivalry of all good citizens
testify their respect for the rights of the States their devo
ton to The Union and their common deternnatio that
tch OF the its Institutions its welfare, and IT.
domestic shall he held alike secure under the sacred
Sees Of the constitution.
eofa nity of and
supp0 into which the people of the republic have entered
happily affords inducenent and opportunity for the adoption
comprehensive and uremharrt< line of policy
aud action the great Interests Of the country
whether regarded in themselves in connection with the
powers of the civilized world.
The United have continued gradually and steadily
10 expaud the acquisitions Of territory which, how
much OF them my have been questioned,
now universally ami admted TO have been wise in poll
y JUST in character, and great element in the advancement
III country, and. with it, of the human in
states have grown to be hirtv-one With relations reaching
to Europe the side, and on the other to the distant
realms of Asia.
am deeply sensible of the immense responsibility which
the present magnitude of republic ard the diversity
multiplicity Of its interests devolves upon the aevia
ton Of which far relates to the immediate conduct Of
he public business is fist i'll my reliance the wisdom
and patriotism Of the Houses of Congress and second
y in the direction afo. ded by the principles of public
pny, affirmed by fathers of the epoch of 1898, sacton
ed by exlerisnee and conecr4ted by the ovewhem
ing voice Of the people of The United States
Recurring to these principles, which constitute the organic
basis Of union ceive that vast the functions
and the duties of the federal government vested in
trusted to- its three great department the Legislative
nve and ndical the substantive power, the popult
force and the large capacities for social material deve
opmsnt exit in the re-pecve States which, all being
themselves well constituted republics they preceded
tey alone are capable OF maintaining and perpetuatng the
American Union
The Federal has its appropriate line of
in the specific and limited powers conferred it by the Con-
chiefly to those THU in which the tates have
interest i'll their eations to another and to
foreign governments; while the great of interests which
belong TO cultivated men the ordinary business of life h'
springs of industry, all the diversified personal and domestic
affairs OF society rest securely upon the general reserved pow
er Of the people the several States There is the effective
o" the nation and there there the vital
OF the practical consequence. which flow from the
o. the federal government, the primary is the duty Of
admins terug with integrity and fidelity the high
posed in by the sution especially in the application
of the public funds. drawn by ax1ton from the people
and appropriated specific objects by Congress- Happily
have occasion to suggest radical changes the nan
Ours is almost, if absolutely, the solitary power of
Ch'istendom. having surplus drawn immediately
from mIosts commerce, aud therefore measured by the
~ b ~ h ;Hirnct rltn t r 'f
and products of the earth ard violate
etttiona orne and yet vigorously promote the general
welfare Neither as to the sources OF the public treasure
nor as to tine m'nne Of keeping and gng it does
grave controversy now prevail there being general acques
cen, in tie wisdom of the present system
The report OF the ecreaIy the Treasury will exhibit
in det the state of the public finances. and the cond lion
of the various branches Of the public service administered by
the departments of the Government.
The revenue of the country levied almost nsensiby the
goes on from year to increasing beyond eth
the Interests the prospective ants of the government
AT the close of the fiscal year ending June 1882 there
revenue Year ending June So 1853 amounted to
$5394 85 from customs aud S. 4O5, 70S from public
lands and other miscellaneous sources amounting together
to SOL 337, 81 while the public expenditures for the
period exclusive OF Payments ON account of the public debt
t of receipts above expenditures.
This TACT Of o$g surplus in the treasury became the
OF anxious consideration at early period of my
administrations and the path of duty in regard to
to OBVIOUS and clear, namely first, apply the surplus
to the discharge Of the public debit far could
juicousy he and, secondly devise for tn,
gradual reduction of the to the standard of the pub
i he eXigencIcS
Of these objects the first has been in the
pishment, IN manner and to degree highly satisfactory
he amount OF the public debt of all classes the h
March, 1853 s. 93U $7 payments account of which
have been made since that period to the amount of Sl2-
73 329 leaving unpaid and in the continuous of Ii
5 qutatOn the sum Uf 5 10. b,70S
These pa ments although mad at the price the
respective ciae of stocks, have been readily; and
the general advantage Of the treasury and have thu
same time proved signal utility in the relief they have in
cd tAy afforded 10 the money ket and to the ndustr
# al and commercial pursuits of tho country
The second Of the above Objects that of the
duction OF the tariff of great importance and the plan
suggested hy the Secretary of the Treasury which
uce the duties certain articles taxed and especially
uch enter int" manufacturers and largely, at all
produced IN the country Is commended to candid and
= careful conside ion.
YOU will find in the report of the Secretary the Treasu
a" abundant proof the entire adequacy of the
fiscal system to meet all the requirements of the public SER
vice and that while properly administered operates
the advantage Of the community in ordinary business rea
respectfully ask attention to sundry suggestions
improvements in the settlement of especially as
CARDS the large outstanding govern
ent and of other reforms in the administrative of
department which are indicated bv the Secretary az also
the prog made in the construction marine HOSPITALS
custom houses and Of mint in California and assay Of
the city of New York heretofore provided for by
and also to the emnenty successful progress the
n cast survey; and Of the Lighthouse board
Among the objects mertng your attention will be impor
recommendations from the Secretaries of War and Na
Wy am fully satisfied that the navy of the United States
not in condition of strength and efficiency commensurate
with the magnitude OF our commercial and other
and commend to especial attention the suggestions
0 this subject made by the Secretary of the Navy.