The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1853-06-20

favored and persecu.ed at different periods of Chr
nese history but seem to have aourshed most during
the Middle ages, when all speculative opinions and
every species Of spurious learning most In vogue
new enemy now appeared in he japanese
nation which hitherto had been but lille known ON
the continent of Asia. They fitted out large mum
Der Of prvateers and attacked the cities and pantA
tions On the coast of China. INC injury they did to
the inhabitants was imme1se and the only success
full way of guarding against their invasions, to
erect large fortrescs along the coast, whittier the
peasants, on their arrival might retire for safety.
mistaken policy, in excluding japanese merchants
from trading and in treating their ENJOYS with great
iDdignty, had given rise " this retaliation.
The Chinese, more than two centuries previous,
under the reign OF kubai Khan, founder Of the Yuen
dynasty had made an unsuccessful attempt 10 con
quer Japan towards the close of his reign. He fitted
os aeet of four thousand vessels and engaged the
King of Corea to invade Japan on the north. The
inyincible armada Of Kubla was mostly destroyed
by storms and other disasters. Another fleet was
fitted out by the Chinese Emperor but circumstances
prevented the expedition from attacking the Japan
ese. Death CA. d. l294) put stop to the prodi.
gious schemes Of Kublai which had they succeeded,
would have added the rest OF Asia 10 the Chinese do
minions.
Cochin Chi "A revolted during the reign OF kea-
tsing aud was irretrievably lost. The Mongol Tar
tars, who had traded in cattle on the frontiers,
broke into rebellion, in consequence Of the exsctions
Of the Chinese officers; their chief, Yenta, invaded
the northern provinces and laid the country waste;
he then forced his way to the gates Of Pekn, and
compelled the emperor to permit them TO establish
fairs Keatsing drank the liquor Of immortality, AS
recommended by the Iaour sect Of philosophers and
died broken hearted A. D. 1867 after an unfortunate
reign Of forty years. The reign of his sue
cessor, Lung king, was short and void OF any re-
markable event He did all in his power 70 settle
the tranquility OF the frontier, which the mandarins
Of his court opposed 1t was, however afterwards
settled by commercial treaty. The Portuguese had
found their way to China in the reign Of his prede
cessor, Kea. tsing, and new era seemed now ap-
preaching. for their missionaries penetrated Into the
empire, and communicated some knowledge Of tue re-
hgion sciences OF Europe. Lung king died in 1874
Wan-leih, whose ancestral name was Chintsung,
was y tie years of age when he was called to the
throne, in 49, During his minority he followed
his minister. advice, and appeared to promise well.
Mathew Ricci Jesuit, obtained access to his court
in 1858, and presented a repeating watch to the
keep i. sae. The intercourse. commenced under
his predecessor, with western nations, now became
an object of solicitude. Through meddling in the
affairs of Japan, he drew himself into several wars,
which always ended in the defeat cf The Chinese.
These contests lasted thirty years. Another war
broke out on the frontier through the tyranny and
robbery Of the Chinese on the Tartars. A Mantchou
boJ tod Ia uDf
bis banners. Being the descendant Of the Kin Tar
tars, the Mantcboos still remembered the time when
their ancestors had ruled over the north of China
Their tire atment by tie Chinese inandirins on the
frontiers fomented the dssensions, and they scruped
not to invade the imperial territory. Though
frequently repulsed they finally took possession
Of the province of Leaol.tung, conquest they ne
yer relinquished.
Their chief Iien.ming proclaimed himself EN-
peror, and increased his power by attracting
both Chinese and Tartars to his standard. To
avenge his fathers death this Tartar chief swore he
oath, for lie carried fire ard sword TO the gates of
Pehin; the Chinese generals with their armies
flying before him. This destruction, and the loss
of his wife, with other caaInities, broke the En-
perors heart and he died in 1920. Wanleh was an
excellent prince, and fall of the best intentions, hut
could not remedy the evils which afflicted bis reign.
He was succeeded by his son Kwang-tsung or Tae
Chang, who eyerted himself much to put the State
III order; but died from disease caused by his exer
TONS after one month"; reign. His physician advised
him to take draught Of the elixir Of immortality; he
did so, and expired shortly atterward. Teenke, the
son OF Tae-Chang, difident youth of l6 years
Of age, when he assembled the throne in 162l. His
first care was 10 collect sufficient army to expel the
Tartars from LeaoutsuIg. He was partially success
full, yet misfortunes seemed to follow this devoted
Ming race. Misrule and drought had ruined
several provinces, and the inhabitants in des
pair enrolled themselves into bands Of free
hooters The Emperor Teenke did not long
survive these troubles. He died in 1927, being
only twenty-five years OF age. His successor Tsang-
Ching, and the last monarch Of the Ming line Of
princes, great friend of letters but as sove-
reign ruler not able to meet the coming tempest
The most fearful anarchy now agitated China, and
was sure sign Of the decline OF the Ming dynasty
The Tartars, content with the conquests they had
made, for while kept quiet and thus simply stated
their complaints to the Chinese governmental If
your and empires have been SO long at war, the
pride Of the mandarns is the true cause. They con-
slider their sovereign as even more exalted than
the heavens, ard think themselves far superior to
all other people; whilst they despise the foreign
princes whom heaven has appointed the rulers of
their respective countries. You commit the most
crying injustice; but heaven regards the justice of
cause, and has given the power to avenge
our wrongs" This language produced severe ami
madversions from a Chinese grandee, who viewed
these barbarians and tleir complaints with the
utmost contempt Very soon after the acces.
SIGN Of TsungChng to tue throne, the Mant-
chou chief advanced toward the Chinese from
tier, and had the boldness to declare that hea.
ven had destined him to be Emperor of China.
Tae-tsung, the Mantchou prince, had received
Chinese education he was well versed in the
politics of the court Of Pekin, and knew how to
resist and defeat their stratagems. The letters he
sent stating his complaints were rejected the Chi
nese monarch paid no re ard Ia them "a IL was con-