Vermont watchman and State journal. [volume] (Montpelier, Vt.) 1836-1883, 1853-08-11

cling. In new countries they think only Of cut
ting down and clearing up wood land, while the
old are planting and cultivating for timber and
| fuel ss they would for any other crop Bremen
is very pleasant old town, situated on the river
weser. The new portion has an air of neat
ness and comfort about 1t something like our
New England towns Its foreign trade is ex
;ensive for a city located so far inland, and espe
cialy with America it is successful compeu
tor with Hamburg. The American line Of steam
ers, although designated as the line to Bremen,
stop at Bremerhafen, thirty miles below the city.
Amsterdam, the greatest commercial city of
| Holland, containing population Of 225 600, is
situated at the functions Of the river Amstel
with the Zeider Zee, bay putting in from the
North Sea. The city is built on Fat ground and
n,ersected in all directions by canals, some of
which arc more than hundred feet wi and
have streets on either side. In all directions
vessels are to be seen in those canals, loading
snd unloading, presenting novel sight in the
heart Of city. The soil is marshy and oil the
buildings arc built on piles driven through loose
soil until they reach solid foundation. The
buildings generally are well built, and the city
compares fayorably with any other on the con.
tinent. Formerly large ships were subject to
frequent detentioDs in getting to sea on account
Of shallow water on the bar and in the Ieder
Zee, but to remedy that, one of the largest ship
canals in the world was finished III 1926, con
Meeting Amsterdam with the North Sea at the
Texel. That canal is ffty-one niles long, ia
feet broad at the surface, 81 feet at the bottom,
aud , feet deep. aud by means Of that, the lar
gest ships may enter and leave at all seasons
without difficulty. The IIoanders are most
industrious and persevering class, and they pos
sess most productive country, and they well
deserve it, having gained it from the ocean by
the greatest skill and industry. Most Of tol-
land is several feet below the surface of the
ocean and protected from overflow only by ditch
es which are kept in repair at an enormous an
nual expense. They are still adding to their
tillable land by draining the few lakes remaining
within their limits. They have nearly compile
ted the draining of Harlem Lake, body Of wa
ter over thirty miles in circumference in the cen
trail part Of Holland. To effect that they erect
ed three steam engines with powerful pumps
but most Of the water from the low grounds is
raised by means Of wind mills of which there
ure great numbers in all directions They arc
in fact the distinguishing feature Of Holland
In raising water by the wind mills no pumps arc
used, it is done simply by the floats of the whee
moving in circular channel; by this means
they seldom raise the wafer more than five fee
with one mill; when greater elevation is neces
sary second Ill Is employed. Most Of the
buildings constructed in Holland within the
present century are built as in other cities still
the clinker brick appearing almost black. an,
the steep roofs with gables to the street have thu
ascandency and give them peculiar nationality
At Saardanl, six miles from A., saw tn,
house where Peter the Great lived when he wor
ked there as shin carpenter. 1t consists o
but two small rooms between which was built
closet seven by three feet, with broad doors 70
j.. his sleeping place. The house, though come
what decayed, is place Of grent attraction
The late Queen of Holland purchased the PROF
! erty few years since and had brick pillar
erected around it and roof put over it to pr,
tect It from the weather | saw about thirty vo
umes filed with the names and comments Of pc
sons who had visited 1t, besides those names il
scribed on the walls. Saardam at that time col
tanned ship yards, but of late years little sh
building has been done there, still it is a vel
busy place when the wind blows, as there Al
70 more than four hundred wind mills in its INN
date vicinity, ana many Of them are Of gre
dimensions. Grazing is the principal busine
of the farmer in this part Of Holland aud hu
dreds Of fat cattle and sheep are sent weekly
= Londsn. Their cattle and sheep were fne al
in excellent condition, and their daigies were
ling with butter and cheese. visited a pate
+. dairy house and hope it will not cause a di
relish for the cheese by describing il. Buildil
being very expensive here, the farmer econon
no ed as much as possible and usually on tho
=, farms one building serves for both man and bea
IA The house part is pattern for neatness, ffC
80 which you have but to pass a door and enter
., stable. That has floor of brick well ccmel
-. ed, and the walls and partitions are well viii
=, washed, and to prevent thu cows from defac
=. them with their tails, they tie them up by ca
: TO rings in a beam above. The cows have sn
-, and warm quarters there, but the winter bel
past, they are turned out to Craze, and the stab
is scraped and new white washed, and thus b
comes the dairy room and from its extreme ne,
49, ness, no person would suppose 1t was ever us
for yiler purposes The milk was certainly We
sweet and the butter and cheese both look
nice. They make the small round chooses, a
instead Of sailing them in the usual mann
- when only IN part pressed, they are taken G
and put IN brine to imbibe the salt. At neal
every house in Amsterdam saw one or nc
=. females employed either in washing, scrubbr
- shaking of rugs, or such like cleaning up wo
g ard SO general was the business, that conclu
rr ed y was time fixed upon by consent Of all
~. general cleaning up, but on enquiry was tc
=, IT was no more general than on every day in
.ls year. can only say there may be such a thu
~ as waste Of labor 10 extreme neatness But
:. must tell you about Brock, town Of eight
;, nine hundred an abltants, few miles from
~ That is admitted as the paradise of all neatne
nc even in Holland, 1t is situated on the bord
"a Of small lake with several canals passi
Ia.