The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1853-05-08
FArHKR GAvAZZrS LECTURES.


The subject Of last Sundays lecture OF great
interest for all our Italian citizens who in ls49 wit
messed with sorrow the destruction Of the Roman
republic by the soldiers Of republican France.
Father Gavaxzi having announced that ne wouid &C.
lebrate the anniversary Of the memorable day' inc
30th Of April, the Sunday school room Oh 'ne laDer
nacle was crowded at very early nour. since the
downfall Of Ancient Rome the Eternal CITY mad never
seen around her walls such bloody and glorious con-
aict between her children and foreign invaders as on
this commemorated day, in which Gen. Oudinot was
beaten and routed by Garribaldi. IL is the general
opinion among Italians that with few more chief
tans Of the courage bravery and patriotism as
Garribaldi not only Rome would have been saved,
but the freedom of the whole Italian peninsula would
be at present not a mere hope but real fact ms
eloquent orator was received with friendly demon
stsation, and commenced his Sunday service by
reading the eighth chapter OF 81. Paul 10 tne
Romans; and having recited the common prayer
OF /" Our Father who art IN Heaven, he an
nopnced that the text of his lecture would be from
the Psalms viz: that the just shall live honored,
and wrong shall never be imputed to him." We are
informed said Father Gavazz by st. Augustin, that
among one thousand persons we can distinguish the
number of the elect of God by their virtues charities
and exemplary conduct, as they have been called in
of God may be numbered the martyrs, because they
have sacrificed their lives for holy cause, and
spread examples which will reap good fruits. st.
Augustn says, moreover, that what makes martyr
dom is not the penalty but the causehorrbe if the
patient died for crime; glorious, II he suffers death
Tor noble principle. Ravailac, and other fanatica
assassins, are no martyrs but were noble victims
those who persisted by their hands. The nobest
cause OF maryrdom, next to that of religion, is for
the freedom and independence OF your country You
shall never be forgotten-the memory Of your deeds
will pass to posterty-your example shall bring up
legions Of imitators in the same cause. Those
who persisted in prison, or fell by the hands OF
the executoner, or died IN exile for freedoms
sake are all martyrs and their countrymen must
commemorate the day they became victims.
(Applause.) Italy, martyred nation, stands
foremost among all European people; our religious
and political martyrs climbed the scafold without
word OF repentan for their actons but their spirit
turned to God and called upon their country the
blessings OF the Creator OF all (Applause) so,
my countrynen, must be proud OF being Italians
The eccesiastic historians called martyrs only the
victims of religion-those burned, Stayed, or perse
cuted by the lnqusition like Gallileo, Sayona-
rola, Arnaldo, OF Brcscia, and hundreds OF
Others, who are styled heretics and infdels
But care not for the ISLANDERS OF papist writers
because puklc opinion--the greatest tribunal
earth-justifes their conduct, and names them the
martyrs and saints OF the peopls-(cheers)
the conduct OF papacy Is condemned to an eyerlast
ing iniamy. Huss, Jerome OF Praga, Cranmer, and
others, were all martyrs against the errors and
crimes Of the church. Our duty is to sacrifice all
not only for religion but also for our country Our
love, next to God must be for Italy, and wherever
we are, in all circumstances OF lfe our affections
must be for the place of birth Only those who
deprived OF this necessary virtue, are the Jesults
who renounce their nationality, their country,
parents and friends-in one word, all human rela-
tionship. Their God is the Pope their country is the
church. and their obedience and affections for the
Society of Loyola. The Church Of Rome has
tried to calumniate her victims-the same po'
icy is followed by all despots; but in the
name of God, who would be more ambitious of the
fame OF Haynau, Of his noble victim, Count Bath
yani (Applause) Are the Bolzas Salvotti, Mar
doni and the King Of Naples, honored by the peo-
ple2 No, the Italians praise the names of Aenotti,
Banderas, and Monianari. As for me | would not
change my reputation with that OF Neson-if he has
been the hero OF Trafalgar he was also the cruel
executioner of Admiral Caracioo, slain by him,
not only for his republican principles, but more from
hatred and jealousy. The multiplicity OF mar
tyrs is the most beautiful and glorious page OF TIA
liam history. Years ago French poet wrote that
Italy was Ia terre DIES morris, the land Of the dead
that the Italian nation was vicious, efeminate, salts
fed with the statu quo, and that the Italians don't
fight These fattering and friendly compliments
were paid to US by our neighbors OF France but
1s4s. in the battlefield OF Goito-in 1s49 on tn
walls of Rome-we have shown to the world whethe
we did fight; and am glad that we gave also some
brushing to the Gaus who called US towards
On the 3oth April, ls49, we redeemed
reputation; and but Rome-yes Rome alon
with only IL 600 men,, all ltalians-(Cheers
fought brayely against four combined powers
hcan French. Even when all means Of defence
had been exhausted, Rome did not surrender, but
protested While the citizens OF Paris, in 1916 went
to meet the allied armies as the saviours OF France
Rome met her Invaders as assaSsins-the Parislans
greeted them and their seryile women waved hand
kerchefs to the Russians, Austrians, English and
Pruseans. Our martyrs, buried on Italian soil, are
yet living IN the hearts OF the people: from their
graves they teach the young generation how to die in
obedience TO the sacred laws OF our emancipation.
My friends, there Is no death so noble beautiful
cheerful, TO die for Italy AS Italian crusader,
have been able to the great difference in death
between those who are myrmdons of despotism and
those who soldiers OF liberty On the bloody
fields of Velletr confessed the dying soldiers OF the
Neapotan and Roman armies The Neapolitan
cursed his king, withstanding / persuaded him
to pardon the tyrant in his last Moments while the
Italian patriot died calmly, with serene look, ex-
claiming at intervals. Dtra I Hdlta-rtra Indpen-
denza-Utcd GcSui Some calumniator5 like the
New York FreemGn's Journal and others, asserted
:. that our soldiers basphemed, dying, the name of
Christ and of Plus IX." They blessed Christ and
although they did not curse the present Pope,
we could not pretend that they should pray
for the traitor Of Italy; and if Italian
has called the malediction Of God on Plus TX,
you may be certain that it will be accomplished,
like those Of the Maccabees. (Applause.) Our
great poet, Mont says that human hatred and ven
geance should never go beyond the grave but Mont
had never studied the anatomy Of the hearts of the
priests. How vile is the soul Of prince of the
church, successor of the Apostles (Laugh.)
Remember, my Italian brethren, that Cardinal Pa
trlzi when he entered Rome With the French army
refused to let bury heroes, because they were
accommodated. Their bodies were abandoned to
the voracity Of animals, and the people, fearing an
epidemic disease from the decomposition OF the
corpses, protested, but without avail, as they
left without sculpture, and their bones remained
whtened in the fields as the best monument Of
what Plus TX. has done for the redemption Of his
country. Before ls49 we had in Rome monuments
of stone; now, we have also pyramids Of bones and
on these relics Of Italian liberty, a burning
mountain, is founded the throne of Popedom. (Bra-
vo) From the times Of Charles V. to the first and
second invasion Of the French republicans Italy
has been victim Of despots and of the church.
Popes and kings always conspred against our unity;
and to see Of what great evil they have been to Italy
we have but to read our historians and poets. Tie
hrst period Of national pride in Italy was conceived
IN 1917, by Count Fabr from the Roman States
who was satisfied 10 unite Italy under a foreign pro-
tecOor. ms plan being discovered by Plus VII,
the patriots were condemned to many Years Of hard