New-York daily tribune. [volume] (New-York [N.Y.]) 1842-1866, 1853-10-14

isYfN
raw Of ht and knowledge that be is far less excusaoe
than his ancestors who did not pretend to piow AL
but stucL In seed here and there as they could easiest
find hole or make one and trusted 70 Providence 70
give them sn undeserved return for their spiriess anu
frivolous efforts
TIE three main features of Agricultural advancement
amorg the Anglo Saxon race nowadays are DEEP
PLowNG OR SUB-SonING; :. DRAINING j. ARRi1A-
TON am quite aware that Draining should take pre-
cedenee in the order of time, yet believe, IN point OF
fact Deep Flowing has led 10 Draining by den0nstrat-
ing its necessity and not Draining to Deep Flowing
We suffer immensely from drouA in this country
Probably the aggregate annual loss from drouth alone
throughout the Union decidedly exceeds, taking one
wear with another, the entire cost OF cur Federal Gov
eminent Yet we know that the roots Of most plants
VII descend 20 moisture matter how dry the sur
face if the earth beneath them is porous mellow and
inviting Hence realize the immense Importance OF
Deep Flowing and after doubling our teams aud sink
ING our deepest Flows 10 the beam We summon 70 our
aid the Sub Soil implement. and 20 down depth be-
yond that Of any single furrow But we soon md that
the authorization OF the subs0i thus attained has no
permanent effect; that the water that teaches down TO
il settles il into compact solid mass, which the roots
cannot perforate and all sub soing needs to be
done over again The remedy that readily suggests IL
self is the freeing of the subsoi from water by drains
sunk below it, say three TO six rods apart and TILED
half way up with pebbles, with Hat stones forming
sort OF culvert still better laid with draningte
or hollow brick placed end 10 end and forming con-
tnuous channel from the highest part OF any slope or
grade TO the brook which drains IT, And now the sub
soil supposing the drains well made and the drainage
way sufficient is readily freed from any water settling
into it, and long retains the porous and permeable
character communicated 10 il b. deep blowing.
Ofcourse this does not exhaust the good effects OF
Draining TIE subsoil. thus lOOsened and freed from
excessive moisture becomes source of food as well
as drink TO the plants growing above It for that It Is
capable Of feeding plants, no one, who has observed
the rank vegetation growing out of the earth thrown
up BY draining digging can doubt Instead OF beng
like a slough in wet weather and like brick IN dry,
the subscil retains sufficient moisture to cheer the
plants but too little to indurae ITSELF And the mean
tenperature Of the soil hitherto lowered By the con-
slant evaporation of the water contained in the sub
soil is raised several degrees by the suns rays no
longer counteracted by the eyapOratng process,-at
least not to any such extent as beiore-so that the
plants grow more luxurisntly, mature more rapidly,
and so are earlier ont of danger from frost And beside
this the constant passage of currents OF air through
that portion of the drain not occupied by water-and
each drain should have opening at its head as Wen
as at its mouths an additional source OF fertiity
through the chemical combinations II insures 1t
would be difficult TO Oyerstae the value, the impor
tance, the profit, of Draining
MANY are accustomed to say THIS Land needs no
draining" meaning that il is not habtually too wet
But draining proves as useful II 1t Is not as lhpera
lively necessary, dry soils as on wet On airy ads
il is required that the subsOil. once broken up aud
puyerized shall not by the settling OF moisture there
IN during the wet season, be hardened and rendered
npervous again; these lands need TO be rendered
porous and penerabe by roots 10 greater depth D.
cause of their dryness they need to be shielded RON
the perncious effects of constant evaporation in cool
ing the soil and thus rctardng the growth OF its plants
There very much land not worth tlllng but theres
meme that will Justify tage which would not reward
Draining. go,
or Irrigation we in this country know very little by
e1rerepce: but we are destined soon to know more,
and TO he pro6t,d BY our knowledge True, there are
lands that may be readily drained and sub-sOLed tnat
cannot readily be irrigated, owing their elevation
and deficient supply of water apprehend however
that these lands not 10 be found IN Indiana nor
any other Prairie State whose first pecularties that
strike stranger are a superabundance OF water IN the
rainy season and scarcity thereof w the dry Inc
tine is at hand when you will here require extensive
and powerful pumping apparatus, only To RAISE "aer
for Your heavy stocks of cattle and convey 1t 10 tue
pastures wherein they will be- confined why not
aise enough OF the grateful fluid 10 refresh pastures
and cattle alike
But even though this assured and ample resource
were non-exstent maintain that water enough ialls
On your fields every year to keep them iresn ana lux
urisnt through the summer il it were saved and not
wasted But most of it falls during the seasons when
least il wanted and is suffered to run on to the rivers
and the ocean carrying very much OF the pest JUICES
Of the soil along with 1t, when II should DC Retainer ~
rords and reservoirs to be pumped into barnards OF
drawn of 10 rrigate the fields during the iervd meats
Of summer The apparent difficulty oil dong TINS
would vanish and the presumed expense be materially
lessened on careful consideration 90,
know not that have trayersed any country WIN
more lively interest than beautiful bOunttul plctur-
esque Lombardy The dark pail OF Austrian despoI-
Ism enyeopng il did not suffice to dim its natural love
liress and luxurance, so greatly improved Oy 'ho
labor and genius OF Man IL seems TO have grown INTO
It's system of almost universal irrigation by lmpetceP
tble and unmarked degrees, and to be now producing
double haryests annually as the result OF some tortu
tons impulse rather than Of foresight and deliberate
calculation. The magnificent plain OF Upper italy
which has for so many centuries been the hed OIL con
hat vIere Goth and Latin Frank and Hun, uau aho
German. have struggled for the mastery oil Europe
Stores almost mperceptbly from the APPS 10 INC 80
and the impetu0us torrents which tear the rocA sue
of the wcrowned preepices are arrested ana cha
tened in the blue Lakes which lie at the foot OF UNI
mountains smiling sereney out upon the pam ihenc
tie waters proceed with more gentle ana measures
cadence 10 the great River, aud are drawn on an
STAYED from point to point to fill the irrgatng canal
and ensure a rich reward to the husbandmans iaoora
Let any stream from heavy rains become raging
foaming, milky torrent, and Its waters nave Vaiu
Which the pure element could not command, ana ar
drawn off on every side until the canals aud reservoir
are filled and all danger OF nundatlon preeluded lnu
the waters are most valuable for irrigation Just wne
they are most easy and abundanty obtanabe Tor Una
purpose The water which has irrigated one iefti
garden or field far from being exhausted has been rel
dered more nourshng thereby, aud may now be draw
of 10 fertiiize the next field lying an inch lowe
and thence 10 the next, and TO the river enrlc
ING ard gladdeuing all it touches on its way lrrlg
ton is the lieblOOd Of LOmbardy; shall II De notnin
teach nothing, 10 us .
II there be country on earth which one would su
pose irrigation unsuted to, Great Britain Is that cou
try Her exceedingly moist, cool climate, coupled VII
her compact clay subso mot universal, but very
teusiye) would seem render deficiency OF molstu
one of the very last evils be apprehended or guar
ed against in her Agriculture And yet her best tsrI