Weekly national intelligencer. [volume] (Washington [D.C.]) 1841-1869, 1853-02-26

the Hudson river Notwithstanding our tariff during
the speculative fever and boated paper currency in
country in 1886 and 1897 wheat imported into the
United States from Great Britain, France, Holland the
Hanse Towns and from nearly all the maritime countries
of Europe, as well as from Canada. Products Will seek
the best markets which offered When the United States
have short CROP which is not sufficient for home con-
SUMPTION wheat and -four from Canada and other foreign
countries will be imported, as they were in 1886 and
1887 and under such circumstances people, as o
whole be injured by the introduction Of Canada
wheat and -four free of duty Though the effect may be
to keep down prices and thus lessen the profits OF DO
mestic producers and spectators, it will benefit con-
| sumers, who are perhaps twenty times as numerous
When wheat crop is deficient tariE on Canadian
wheat and flour has effect except to raise prices
travaganty high and thereby tax twenty persons with
allowing them any sort ofequiyalent in order to be-
neht and when have surplus the effect is 70
force Canadian wheat and Hour to foreign market
through the St. Lawrence and thus deprive citizens
of the profits Of transporting it through country and
to foreign market Ii would be difficult TO show how
the United States could be injured by reciprocal free trade
with Canada in wheat and four if we to have
equivalent except the profits the transportation
| and sale of their products.
As to Butter, Cheese, Beef Tao,c and Ashes the United
States produce surplus of each Of these articles for
poration and do Canada and the other British Pro-
vnces which in the markets in Great Britain
in the West Indies and in South America Hence the
whole chain of reasoning advanced in relation to wheat
and -four applies in all It's force to each of these products
| and need not be repeated
Rye, Oas Bqry, Peas, and Beans.-The United States
and the British Provinces Also produce surplus of
these articles and there very little foreign market for
them There is to doubt also, that the pro-
ducton is greater in proportion the population and
home demand for them in the British Provinces than it
is in the United States and that the effect of free trade
in them would be to bring portion of the crops Of the
Provinces into the United States in search Of market
and to reducs and keep down prices 1t should be borne
in mind, however, that taese crops of minor mpor
tance; that they will not in general bear transportation
very far that but small portion of country bor
dering the Provinces would be much affected by this
increased competition in markets; and that the effect
prices and the injury to the American farmer would
not be likely to be very great Though the interests Of
the United would be preudiced by free trade in
these articles only this bill secures ample equivalents
for all such sacrifices and privileges which proposes
grant 10 the people of the British Provinces.
Indian Corn Porh, ard Lard.-Thcse articles
grouped together because pork and lard the products
of Indian corn and the prices of the products and the
materials Of which they made mutually affect each
other Indian fourhes most below the forteth de-
gree Of latitude though II does toerably well between
the foreth and forty fourth parallel but it is generally
poor crop above the latter line No part Of Canada
the British Provinces lies below the 42d degree Of ati
ude, and bat very small portion below the 4Sth. The
crop Of in Upper and Lower Canada in 1851,
ported in the of 1852, but a triAe
million bushels the crop of the United States in lS49,
reported in the Of 1850, five hundred
and ninety million bushels The United States
sttue the greatest growing and pork making
try in the world Neither the British North American
Provinces any part Of Europe produce either
corn pork lard cheap they produced in the
United States and hence the people of the United States
would be greatly benefited by free trade in those articles
with any and every civilized country Of the earth IL
would enable them to extent to monopoize the
markets Of other countries increase their sales at bet
ter prices and would encourage increased production
Indian is admitted into Canada free of duty
but pork, bacon, and hams charged with duty of
from l to 90 per cent Considerable quantities of pork
bacon and lard exported annually from the United
States to Canada and the other Provinces, and much
greater quantities will be exported to them if this
of reciprocal free trade in the articles enumerated
should be adopted. The advantages to the American
farmer Of free trade with the Provinces in pork hams
bacon and lard would probably be more than equiya-
lent for any disadvantages them arising from trade
in rye, oats, barley, and other small grains.
UooL-Canada and the other British Provinces lie in
too high latitude and too rigorous climate TO raise
sheep and grow wool TO much advantage | have no
doubt that wool be grown in many parts of the United
States with from third half labor that is requr-
ed in Canada The quantity of wool grown in Upper and
Lower Canada In lSo reported in the of 1882
but little over four million pounds the quantity ras-
ed in the United States in l849 according the recent
census exceeded ffy-two million pounds. The quantity
produced in Canada aud the other provinces is u
cient to clothe the people, and if they should send any
TO the United States il must be merely to be
actured to be returned in the shape Of wooen goods
No injury possibly arise to the American farmer from
free trade with the provinces in wool.
FGecood imported into the United States is subject 70
duty of 30 pr cn-The value Of firewood imported from
Canada and the other British Provinces during the
ending June 3Oth, 1852, exceeded S2j0,00O which
duties were paid exceeding $4,000 This imported
into the cities and villages the lake country and along
the frontier east of the lakes as well into New Eng
land The duty must average sixty cents per cord and
perhaps more If there duty the price would fall
very likely much half the amount Of the duty say
thirty cents which would enable Yc c}nsumers to save
thirty cents per cord in the prie w American wood
must sell at thirty cents less aud the British subject
would realize thirty cents per cord for his wood
This would stimulate the latter bring perhaps twice
much to our markets. the increased price would enable
him To- bring it from greater distances. The increased
quantity imported would tend to reduce prices stu more
to the benefit Of the and the tendency OF
duced prices would be TO discourage the American land
owner from cutting off his wood so fast he otherwise
would and induce him to preserve il for the future
of the country. Would this be injury country?
Is rewool, in the present condition Of our country,
proper subject Of protection?
My opinion is that hrewood is not in general proper
subject Of protection though il may be proper object
which to impose counteryaing duties, and duties for
revenue in certain exigencics In certain exigencies
country il may be proper and expedient impose duties
for the purpose Of raising almost every article
imported, but protective duties should be imposed
foreign imports with view increase and promote home
industry by securing the home market to the domestic
producer aud with the sole principal view of per-
manently raising prices The mechanic arts and manu-
features Of almost every kind require skill experience
business talent, capital sfu workmen, aud established
markets in order carry them successfully and to
the greatest advantage Coossts and nations of
origin possess these artificial advantages however
great may be their adaptation to acquire them and the
natural Of their country. Laborers being
abundant in old than in country labor Is gem
orally cheaper in the former than in the latter. The
United States possess all the natural resources aud avan-
gcs for manufacturing and the American people have
ar adaptation mechanical manufacturing industry and
all that is needed is sufficient duties on foreign products
con pcng with theirs in markets counterbalance
the difference in wages and other arthcia advantages to
enable people to acquire those artificial advantages
uhi horppo hy the IlYitish NJ