Semi-weekly North-Carolina standard. [volume] (Raleigh, N.C.) 1852-1853, 1853-04-23
eat-grow;nr States. Che crops Of ls4e- fell fa

In the State of Ohio, especially, there was great
& deficiency, and was made apparent by the returns
9of the wheat crop from the ensuing year-made
in pursuance of an act of the legislature of that
state From the almost universal returns OF short
crop by the marshals in that state in 1949, which
: fell below that of 1889 two millions of bushels
and the ascertaned crop of 1885, are fully sat,
Kisfed that the average wheat crop of Ohio would
appear thirty per cent greater than shown by the
acensus returns. The same causes which operated
9to diminish the wheat crop of Ohio, were not
wthout their effects upon that of other states Dor
Ydering on the upper portion Of the valley OF the
d Mississippi.
q In the London exhibition, very little wheat was
Iexhbted equal to that from the United States
Respectfully that from Gennesee county, in the State
Nof New York-a soft, white variety, TO the exhib-
liter of which prize medal was awarded by the
& Royal Commissioners, and recently transmitted to
b Mr. Bell, by the President of the United States
] the chairman of the Executive Committee i'll the
gUnited States The red Mediterranean wheat ex-
Exhibited from the United States, attracted much at
xtention. The wheat of South Australia was pro-
gbably superior to any exhibited, while much from
our own country fell but little behind, and was un-
gquestionably next in quality.
q RYE.-This grain Is supposed to be native OF
the Caspian Caucasian desert, and has been cult
waited in the north of Europe and Asia from time
kimmemoria, where it constitutes an important ar
gtice of human subsistence, being generally mixed
with barley or wheat. Its introduction into wes-
tern Europe is comparatively of recent date, as no
mention is made of it in the Ortus Sanitatis
s published at Augsburg in 1645, which treats a
length of barley, mllets, oats and wheat.
Rye was cultivated in the North American col
onies soon after their settlement by the English
SGeorges speaks of it growing in Nova Scotia in
1922 as we'll of barley and wheat Plantagenet
senumerates it among the productions of North
Virginia New England) in 1913, and alludes to
q the mixing of it with maize in the formation of
! bread. 1t was also cultivated in South Virginia
sby Sir William Berkeley, previous to that year.
g Geographically, rye and barley associate with
one another and grow upon soils the most analo-
gous, and in situations alike exposed. 1t is cult
waited for bread in northern Asia, and all over the
continent of Europe, particularly il Russia Nor
sway, Denmark, Sweden, Germany and Holland,
Gin the latter of which it is much employed in the
manufacture of gin. 1t is also grown to some ex
tent in England, Scotland and Wales. In this
country it is principally restricted to the middle
and eastern states, but its culture is giving place to
more profitable crops.
q The three leading varieties cultivated in the
United States, are the spring, winter and southern,
7the latter differing from the others only from dis
similarity of climate. The yield varies from 10
Ito so more bushels per acre, weighing from As
Ito Sc pounds to the bushel. The production of
RYE has decreased 4,457, 900 bushels in the ag-
gregate, but in New York it is greater than in
1910 by about forty per cent. Pennsylvania,
which is the largest producer, has fallen off from
Is 613,373 to 4,S05,16O bushels. Perhaps the
general diminution in the quantity of this grain
: now produced may be accounted for by supposing
corresponding decline in the demand for distiII-
fling purposes, to which large part of the crop is
s;tpplied.
This grain has never entered largely into our
foreign commerce, as the home consumption for a
Hong period nearly kept pace with the supply. The
samount exported from the United States in 1901,
wee 900 ,276 hnshnls in 1919 80, 7o5 bushels ;
Gin 1913, 14O,l36 bushels In 192O-'2I there
/ were exported 1888 barrels of rye flour; in
! 183O,31, 1900 barrels in 194O14l, 44,O31
barrels: in 1s44'45, $3.50 barrels in 1946-47
As, 1872 barrels; in l85o-'51, 44,152 barrels. Du-
firing the year ending June 1, 1850 there were con-
stunned of rye, about 1,144,O00 bushels in the
manufacture of malt and spurious liquors.
8 According to the census returns of 1910, the
zproduct of the country was 18,645,567 bushels
hin 1850, 14,19S, 637 bushels.
q MAIZE OR INDIAN CoRN-Among the objects
: Of culture in the United States maize, or Indian
takes precedence in the scale of crops as it is
best adapted to the soil and climate, and furnishes
S the largest amount of nutritive food. When due
regard is paid to the selection of varieties and cul
Rtivated in proper soil, it may be accounted as a
sure crop in almost every portion of the habtabe
aglobe, between the forty -fourth degree of north
latitude and corresponding parallel south. Be
sides its production in this country, its principal
culture is limited to Mexico, the West Indies most
5 of the States of South America, France, Spain,
: Portugal, Lombardy, and Southern and Central
Europe generally. 1t is also cultivated with sue
Z cess in northern, southern and western Africa
! India. China, JAPAN Australia, and the Sandwich
I Islands, the groups of the Azores, the Madeiras,
zthe Canaries, and numerous other ocean isles.
$ Although there has been much written on the
eastern origin of this grain it did not grow in that
part of Asia watered by the Indus, at the time of
Alexander the Greats expedition, as it is not among
athe productions Of the country, mentioned by Ne
archus, the commander of the fleet neither is it
noticed by Arian, Diodorus, Columela, nor any
other ancient author; and even as late as 149l,
) the year before Columbus discovered America
Juan di Cuba in his C Ortus Sanitatis," makes no
mention of it. 1t has never been found in any
ancient tumulus, sarcophagus, or pyramid nor has
it ever been represented in any ancient painting,
sculpture, or work of art except in America But
lin this country according to Garcilaso de la Vega,
one of the ancient Peruvian historians, the palace
gardens of the 1ncas in Peru were ornamented
with maize, in gold and silver with all the grains,
sspikes, stalks and leaves and, in one instance in
the garden of gold and silver" there was an en-
tire cornfed of considerable size representing the
maize in its exact and natural shape-a proof no
less of the wealth of the Incas, than their venera-
ton for this important grain.
In further proof of the American origin, it may