The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1853-03-10


ment Of sympathy with France. With regard to oui
foreign relations, Washington persisted in his nes
trality to the last hour of his administrator and wai
able to countervail the popular clamor III favor OF
France against England With regard to the
Judiciary, the finances, the mint, the Indian tribes.
in his department to his own ministers, his
communications to Congress- his construction
of the constitution, his sacred regard FOR
it, his devotion to the whole Union, his magns-
nimity and forbearance his personal dignity, in al
these and in relation to all other subjects the examples
Of Washington commands general respect and vene-
ration among men of all shades Of difference Of opi
MON in our times. As forming the starting point in
political history, and the foundation Of the gov
eminent, we have dwelt longer on this administra-
ton than we shall on either of his successors. To
them we must necessarily allot very brief space.
SECOND ADMINISTRATIONS, 1897 TO 1901 FOuK
YEARs-JoHN ADAMS, PRESIDENT.
The administration of Mr.. Adams was considered
by the federaliss, by whom he was elected, as con-
tnuaton OF the policy and measures Of his predeoes-
sor, General Washington. Mr.. Adams however, did
not possess the full confidence of his political asso-
cates and although the federalists as party, were
stronger in Congress than during the administration
Of Washington, the wayward conduct Of the Prea-
sident, and the unpopularity of of the acts of
Congress, caused the downfall Of the federal party
and the success of their political opponents, st
the end of one term of four years. The oahi-
net which had been left by Washington. n
we have stated, were continued in Office by
Mr. Adams, to which was added, in 1898, the Se+
cretary Of the Navy, Benjamin Stoddert, Of Mary
land, who was appointed after the establishment Of
that department. In the spring of 1900, Mr.. Adams
quarrclled with two members of the cabinet and
dismissed them from office, viz: Mr.. Pickering, g.
cretary Of State, and Mr. McHenry, Secretary of
War, an event which caused much excitement, and
had some influence in throwing the federalists into
minority. General Hamilton published pamphlet
against Mr.. Adams, which contributed to the Same
result In May, 1900, the President appointed John
Marshall, Of Virginia, Secretary of State, and Samuel
Dexter of Massachusetts, Secretary Of War. On the
Slst of December, 1900, Mr.. Wolcott resigned q
Secretary ofthe Treasury and Mr.. Dexter succeeded
him. Roger Griswold Of Connecticut, was appointed
Secretary of War on the Sd of February, 1901.
The rule Of the federal party terminated with the
close Of the administration of John Adams which
was principally remarkable for the strife betwsea
the two great parties in Congress, the establishments
Of navy the passage Of the alien and sediton laws.
and the disputes between France and the United
States, which were finally settled by the course pur-
sued by Mr. Adams against the opinions and ad-
vice of many of the federal leaders. The seat Of
government was removed to Washington during tie
summer OF 1900, and President Adams delivered IL
last annual speech to Congress at the new Capitol
in November, 1900.
THIRD ADMINISTRATIONS, 1901 TO 1909, EIGHT YEARS.
THOMAS JEFFERSON, PRESIDENT.
The following members OF the cabinet were appoint
ed by Mr.. jefferson, during his administration, vix-
SECRETARY OF srArn-James Madison, of Virginia sp-
SECRETARY OF rHs TRxAsuRY-Albcrt Ganatn, Penn.
szcnrrARY OF wAR-Henry Dearborn, MASS, March s.
1901.
SECRETARY oy THE NAvY-Robert Smith, Maryland, Julv
ATTORNEY GRsRA-Levi Lincoln, Mass, March S, 1901.
John Breckenridge, Kentucky; Dec 70, 1906 Cssar 4.
Rodney, Delaware, Jan 29 1907.
The principal measures of Mr.. Jefferson's admins
traion were the acquisition of louisiana the surveys
of the coast, and the exploring expedition Of Lewis
and Clarke the continent advantageous trea-
ties with the Indians the adoption of the embarxs
and other restrictive measures on commerce tho ~
ducton ofthe navy and the trial of the gun boat vs
tenn; and successful hostilities with the BarbaV
powers in the Mediterranean. The administrators
was thoroughly sustained in both houses Of Congress,
and the President acted hispleasure in appointments
and removals from Office the federalists being gradu
ally displaced and republicans appointed to places q
honor and emoument.
FOURTH ADMINISTRATIONS, 1909 TO 1917, HIGur
YEARs-JAMEs MADISON, PRESIDENT.
The changes in the cabinet were more numerous
under Mr.. Madison than under his predecessor, %
the following shows
srAIE-Robert Smith Maryland, March 8, 1900 James
Monroe, Virginia, Nov. Is, 1871
1REAsURY.-Albert Galatin, Pennsylvania, CONTINUED
in Office George w. Campbell Tennessee Feb. 9, 1914;
Alexander j. Dallas Pennsylvania Oct. Q, 1914 Villa.
h. Crawford, Georgia, Oct % 1916.
wAn-wiilam Eustis, Massachusetts,, March 7, 1909
John Armstrong, New York Jan ID, 1913 James Mon
roe, Virginia Sept a. 1914 William H. Crawford, Gsor
NAvY-Paul Hamilton, South Carona, March 7, 1900:
William Jones, Pennsylvania Jan. IL, 1913 Benjamin
", Crowninshield, hassachu, etts, Dec, ~ 1874
tinued William Pinkney, Maryland, Dec IL, ISL;
Richard Rush, ,.Pennsylvana, Feb. 10, 1914.
Mr.. Monroe returned to the State Department.
February %, 1875, having acted for some time al
Secretary of War, after the resignation of General
Armstrong.
The leading measures Of Madison's administration
we're the declaration Of with Great Britain, and
the acts connected Herewith the establishment Of
financial and other systems after the return of
peace, including national bank and revised
tariff on imposts also, the provision made for pay
ing off the national debt The administration was
uniformly sustained by republican majorities in both
houses Of Congress. The views Of President Madi-
son on subjects Of national policy, as developed in
his last annual message to Congress, in December.
1916, considered LIBERAL and important to the
interests of the country. When member Of delibe-
rative bodies Mr.. Madison was an able debater, and
as a writer he has few equals among American
statesmen. He was fond of society, although he
had travelled but little never having visited fOreRn
countries or seen much of the people over whom he
presided. He was Of small stature his manner was
modest and retiring, but in conversation he was
pleasing and instructive. On his accession to the
Presidency he restored the custom Of stated levees
at the White House, which had been abolished by
jefferson. 1t was on the occasion OF these ievess
loAt~ ,As.x