The miners' express. (Dubuque, Iowa) 1849-1854, 1853-12-14

>, the part of the United States WILL whenever
, proner occasion occur, be applied and enfor-
ccd
The condition of China al this time renders
il probable that some inportant change " i'll oc.
chr in tina, vast country, which viii lead to d
more unrestricted inter Course with it.
The Commissioner 20 that country, who has
been recently appointed, is instructed to avail
himself Of all occasions 10 open and extend our
relations not only with the Empire
Of China, but with other hsalic nations In
50 an expedition was sent to Japan uncer the
command Of Com Perry, for the purpose Of
opening numerical intercourse with that I'm
nire Intelligence has been IT ceved If his |
arrival there and Of his having made known To
The Emperor of Japan ,h- object OF his visit, but
i, is not vet asceilained how FAR The Emperor
will be disposed 10 abandon his RESTRICTIVE. policy
and open That popuons country to commercial
intercourse with ife u. 5.
II has been my earnest desire 10 maintain
friendly intercourse with the governments upon
this Continent, and II aid them in preserving
cond understanding among themselves. With
Mexicoa dispute has recently arisen as 10 the true
boundary between the Territory OF New Mex-
CO and the Mexican State of Chihuahua. A
fnrmer Conimissio pursuant tn the treaty OF
Gaudaloupe HidaIgo, made u serious Mistake in
determining the initial point on the Rio Grande,
but inasnuch his decision was clearly a de-
par,ure from the directions for tracing the boun-
darv contained in that treaty, and was not con
Cured In by the surveyor appointed on the
pa t of the u. s. whose concurrence was
necessary TO give validity to that decision, this
Govern ,lcnt is not concluded thereby, but that
of Mexico takes a different view Of the sub ect.
There are also other questions of considerable
ma gntude pending between the two Republics
Our Minister to Mexico has ample Instructions
to adjust them Negotiations have been open
ed, but sufficient progress has not been made
herein to enable me 10 speak of the probable
result.
| Impressed with the importance Of maintain
ing amicable relations with that republic. and
yielding with literally to all just claiYs, it is
| reasonable 10 expect that an arrange'neN mutu
ally satisfactory to both countries may be con-
cluded and lasting friendship between them
confirmed and perpetuaed.
| Congress having provided for full mission
to the States of Central America, a minister
was sent there in July LIST. As yet he has had
time to visit only one of these States, Nicaragua
1 where he was received in the most friendly
manner. 1t is hoped that his presence and good
offices will have a benign effect in composing
the dissensions which prevail aneng them in
establishing more friendly relations between
them respectively, and between each of then
ana Inc united states
Considering the vast regions of this contl-
nent, ard the number Of states which would b,
made accessible by the free navigation of The
River Amazon, particular attention has bee,
given to the subject. Brazil through who's.
territories it passes into the ocean, has hilbert,
persisted in policy so restrictive in regard /,
the use of this river, as TO obstruct and nearl,
exclude foreign commercial intercourse will
the states which lie upon its tributaries and up
per branches Our minister TO that country j
instructed to obtain relaxation Of that policy
and To use his efforts to induce the Brazilian
; government 10 open for commerce under prnpe
safeguards this great natural highway for inter
national trade.
Several of the South American States ar
J deeply interested in this attempt to secure III
free navigation Of the Amazon. and it is reason
able 10 expect their CO operation in the measure
as the advantages of free commercial intercours
among nations are better understood, more lib
eral views are generally entertained as to tn
common rights Of al the free use Of thos
J means which nature has provided for intcrna
! tipnal communication. To til Sc more liber;
!! and enlightened views it is hoped that Braz
will conform in her policy, and remove all un
necessary restrictions upon the free Of
river which traverses so many States and S
} large portion Of the continent. ! am happ
to inform you that the Republic Of Paragua
r and the Argentine Confederation have yielde
to the liberal spoIicy, though still DISTRACTED b
5 Brazil, in regard TO the navigable rivers With
their respective territories.
? Treaties embracing this subject among other
have been nego'iated with these government
|. which will be submitted 10 the Semitic at ,h
= present session.
A new branch Of commerce, important
e the agricultural interests OF The United State
has, within few years past been opened wit
/. Peru. Notwithstanding the inexhausliblc de
posts df guano upon the islands Of that cous
E try, considerable difficulties have been encour
tered in securing a more abundant importatip
OF the artiole. Unfortunately there has been
! serious collision between orr citizens, vino hav
resorted to the Chincha Islands for il, and til
Peruvian authorities stationed there Redres
for the on RACES committed by the latter wa
, promptly demanded by our Minister at Lina.-
! This subject is now under consideration, an
there is reason TO believe that Peru is dispose
10 concede adequate indemnity 10 aggrieve
! parties.
} We are thus not only at pace nth all for
eign countries, but in regard TO political affair.
| are exempt from any cause of serious Dispute
tude in our domestic relations. The 'controvel
sizes which lErvc agitate6 Our country heretofore
are passing away with the causes which pro
uuCeO tNeIH, anu pISSiosfs HhVe uVdk
i ened, or If any trace of them remains, it ma
be reasonably hoped rilat 1t will quickly ibe pei
ceived in the generous rivalry of all good cti
zens to testify their respect for the right o
States, their devotion to the Uniun, and thei
common determination that each one of tn
States, its institutions, IFS welfare. and its do
mestic peace, shall be held alike secure unde
the sacred esis Of the constitut on. This new
league Of anty, Of mutual confidence and com
fort, into which the people of this republic hav
entered, happily affords inducements and oppor
funties for the adoption of more compact unio
and unembarrassed line of policy and action as L
the great material interests ofthe country wheth
er regarded in themselves or in common wit
the powers of,he civilized world. The u s hav,
continued gradually to expand their acuuisitio,
,ftarrtory which howmnchsoever some of the n
| may have been questioned, are now UNIVERSAL,
| seen and admitted to have been wise in policy
| just in character, and great advancement of GU
country and with it Of the human race to freedom
IN prosperity and in happiness
The thirteen states have grown to be thriyon,
| with relations reaching to Europe on the ont
side, on the other to the distant regions of Asia
II avn deeply sensible of the immense rcsp,n.
sibility which the present magnitude of the Re
public and the diversity and multiplicity of it.
interests devolves upon me, the alienation o.
which so tar as relates to the immediate cOnduc
of the public, business, is, first, in my reliance
on the wisdom and patriotism IF the two house.
Of Congress, and secondly, in the direction.
afforded me by the principles Of public polio,
affirmed by our fathers of the epoch of 1899
sanctioned by lon, experience and consecratec
anew by the overwhelming voice of,he people u
the U. s. Recurring to these principles which
constitute the organic d bass Of union, we per
ceivc that, vast as the functions and duties
Of the federal government, vested in, or entrus
ted to its three great departments, Legislative
executive and judicial, yet the substantial
power, the popular source, and the large capa-
cities for social and material development, ex-
lists in the respective states with all.
| Being of themselves well constituted Repub-
lies as they proceed, SO they alone are capable
of maintaining and perpetuating the union
| The federal government has lis appropriate lin,
of action in the specific and limited powers con
ferred upon it by the Constitution, chiefly as t,
those things in which the states have a com
mon interest in their relations to one ano: her, &
to foreign governments, while the great mass O.
interests which it behoves us to cultivate in III.
ordinary business Of life, the springs of indus.
try, and all the diversified personal and domestic
affairs oi society, rest upon the general reserved
/ powers of the people of the several States Tbi