New-York daily tribune. [volume] (New-York [N.Y.]) 1842-1866, 1853-07-18
RUSSIA AS 1T IS.
The ARMY and NsT..


Austria. Prussia. Sweden and Turkey "a well as with
other more distant States, Ike SPAN, England and
France result partly from position which geographical
and srsteeicsy is nearly inexpugpsbe, ami partly from
The maintenance of numerous wedilled and we'll -Iup
ned sryy There are osy two sides OF Rusas INN
sbe borders which she needs seriously % defend These
sre the western through IFS whole length, and partly
the southern from the Dnioster he Caucasus Along
these two sides is raised to say, wall OF bayone,s
ours and pixies and these moving achines can be pre-
cipitated BY the nod Of single will in certain direc
tion or as far as humanity possible, concentrated on any
special point If attacked, only the eGtremities Of Rus
sia and above all. the unhappy Kingdom OF Poland.
viii be rayaeed and destroyed. There she viii
have to defend hersef Finland is easy to b defsnled
especially as there is probability 81 an attack By sc
den and Finland being maintained ia al her ancient
laws and privileges aud not incorporated atlyey
with Russia, prOepers more than she did under tue
SV edsh rule, and thus not NJ all dsiec;ed Maritime
cities and harDOis may easily be burnt and destroyed,
but after the experience Of Charles MI and of NIp0
leon there il little 20 presume that any invading
army would cross the Viscula the Nienen, the Dnie
per or the Danube. Russia has militia. OF course,
with the exception Of thatOrgaDzed among the subjected
populations of the Caucasus aud Georgia Her tOrce
consists N an organized army and navy. The army,
with its various arms, Is divided INTO Corps. Divisions,
Brigsdes, Regiments Batsions and Companies; the
cavalry into Squadrcns etc Corps on full active foot
p is composed of three Divisions Oi infantry and
OF cavalry, with sometimes DiVises oil reserve. The
artillery OF a Corps consists OF 10 % 10 guns Of
rious Caber. Division is composed OF tse Bdgpes,
Brigade Of two Regiments. Regimen, IN full oEgA
to have four Batalons, Battalion four Companies aud
Company sh0pid have between 10 and 2JJ men. All
these numbers are seldom complete except in the
Guard add few OF the other corps.
According to the official reports for l-j2, the armed
n tDllaa safe. The fyrDS Ot lruxrls
commanded by the Grand Duke the heir 10 the
Empire is established IN 81. Petersburg aad for
distance Of loo miles around thar city. Il consists Of
three Dvons OF iDfsntry aud one Of reserve, OF four
Divisions Of Cavalry, large force oi artillery Nth l2J
to I4U canon and special body of field cngaeerl, sap
pers. and pontOon cefps Next comes the Corps oftle
GeradieTs Is headquarters are ia the ancient city of
Now iOrod some 100 miles on the road between Peters
burg and Moscow is regiments are established
pr ncipally in the military colonies This Corps has three
Divisions in lu Of infantry aud Of cavalry the park
Of artillery amounts 10 brtSeen IL and l2J pices.
After these separate Corps comes what is called fic
active army It l. composed Of Fix Corps or nearly
twenty Divisions OF infantry, six Division. of regular
cavalry, with an irregular one COssacks etc ado.nei IN
time Of war, and al least 700 pieces artillery This
amy is at present commanded by Prince Paschkie-
witch. LIS headquarters are al WARSAW IL faces the
western frontier or Europe exclusively Its qnarered
from the Baltic, through Lithuanla t. the Danube, the
Black = aud the frontiers of the military Cavalry col
onies in South Russia. separate Corps occupies The
Cry Of Moscow and several surrounding counties.
The army Of the Caucasus IS composed OF four Dyls-
ions of infantry OF regular cavalry numerous irreg-
ular Cos.dcks of various denominations body OF Nus
suhnans aud militia from among The natives. DysiOa
If infantry occupies Finland and another is scattered
Siberia. This active army i, backed by reserve con
posed Of % BrgadeS vi infantry and 21J SIuidrons Of
cavalry be formation of tie will be- hereai-
ter spoken Of
Tie military colonies for the infantry formed prin-
cipaliy in the Government Of NowgOr0d and partly n
those Of Psh,f and Wtebsh The ere divided into 81
BIieadts he colonies ,r c,yilr 10 Southern Rus
ria, IN The Governments OF Putawa E1ateyno,laW Her
son in the Ukraine, and forth. They amount TO -
Squadrons To this is 10 be added the sappers aud
tery with 81 parks OF heavy caibre destined
for the siege Of orresses. the military engineers, and
military WoTkmen, with numerous train.
Finally there the Guard of the Interior formed of
aimed yttei quaTered ia all the counties OF Russia,
and performing in the cities aud borou. his the internal
service. IL amounts 70 % Batans which, however,
lot full Further, there Is corps Of Genlarncs c0u.
thnug- BIgndes IOrse and TOOK. and spread over the
whole Empire. 1t is commanded By Count Oroii whose
function answers 10 that of Chief of the Secret Political
Oice. The gendames fulfill the duties of the police
Of The army during war, and of political police
through the country 10 all times TIE office Of this
corps form in ~ counties and Districts te kuDr OF that
vast OF espionage extended over Russia aud the Con
tue They are in close connection wiki all the agents
of the secret police.
Tie irregular cavlr on.str principally Of Co slck.
y from the req lie or the banks Of the rivers along
which they az settled Their General AID Commander
il the Grand Duke, the heir If the Empire They are
divided rs follows: l. The Cossacks Of the Doa Or
IaLas. These the most numerous, occupyia-
very rich and extensive country aid enjoying the great
est privileges sud al Independent military well rs evil
organization Those on the shores Of the Black Sea
called ISchsn0m0Hsy. 3 Those oftae line of the Gu
casus. 1. those o. the COMFY If A.trachan. ,
These Of The territory of Orenhours. 6 Those of
ire river Ural (gncient jack T. Those of Siberia
: he hesie' -iacLs who are a kind If Tariars
The Ccssdchs 81 tie region OF Azon H.. Those Of the
Danube. lie Cossscks muster in all 10 SIuadrnns
cash containing ew than 100 men, Of which more
than tAiTa eau be modified Tie Cossack. in me Of
war aTe backed by attachments OF B-schAirs [ IL
mcuchs buiiats. ILI-uslS AissJ.i.ls from tram. Az
casian regions, Les-Li4s These Asatic ire luars
form etn'ry hind Of military posts or chain uniting
tie advancing army vim the mother country. Suru
vas the case for example il i,l3-l4 when they were
extended across the whole Of Europe
In conclusion. the whole bulk of tie armed land fr,e
consists 81 Il Corps WIKI i9JJ Companies of infantry
and l4oJ Squ4dFoL- of cav aiy. and so batteries OF
bca'! or hgAt artillery Store fuan d third of tnis
ought 10 De- deducted bot capahr of being moved T.
Naics Tie extreme frontier, Of the Empire well fr
luc,MI cte number In the various BlttalOn- Gonna
hl'tsn vaIstips army. which csn be moved and
directed by the order Of sagle viii according % Is
Nlm and pleasure Bat natural imp1ss tiltes oppose
and impede the concentration IN sp)f ana even in
che region OF such masses of aud animals, For
stance 10 Is impossible to feed them Tor prolonged
term Of time, as either cultivated or ia saFa--
country.
Tie Navy is composed Of 3 dse-s OF slulJroas. Each
squadron has tAree decker OF ~ - IN suns, all
esl smaller two Geckcrs. Oi f-O- - O. I'D .4ls. Vita
50 1ieaies and very ieW STEAMERS .nI otler SRA er
vesseIs, Shops, schooa-rs &c Three g-i-ous fO-m
"a.