The daily union. [volume] (Washington [D.C.]) 1845-1857, 1853-12-02

For shc Unea.
The Navigation Of the Amszsn and IT. Upper
Tributaries


We shall continue TO quote Wheaton. with view 70
define these rights Of navigation, and shall Introduce The
opinion OF gentleman OF the first order OF talents dis
tnguished for bis eoqueace, and OF sound democranc
principles, who, in with large number Of 9th
who have turned their attention to this subject en-
ertaias doubt whatever of our right to navigate the
Amazon. Wheaton Temarkss
/" Ii was principle that the night OF thing gives a
right the means, without which II could not be used
that is to say, that the means follows the end. Thus
right 10 navigate river draws 10 right 10 move
sells TO is shores land them of distress,
founded in natural reason was evidenced BY the common
OF mankind, and declared by the writer's before
quoted"
Such the practice the case OF the Mississippi when
Louisiana belonged to Spain and the right OF navigating
IL, without any particular agreement the OF the
shores had been secured by the treaty Of Paris in 1853
Mr. Wheaton is entirely explic, oh this point:'
Had not the use Of The shores been considered in
cden TO that Of the water il would have been expressly
stipulated since its uncertainty loo obvious to have
escaped either party Accordingly, all British vessels
used the shores hahiuay for The purposes necessary to
the navigation OF the river; and when Spanish gov
ernor undertook at one time 10 forbid this, aud even cut
loose the vessels fastened the shores, British vessel
went Immediately. moored i,celf opposite the town OF
such ~ might attempt 70 disturb Der moorngs The gov
ernor uissced the right constantly exercised al
terwsrds and no interruption ever offered"
now quote from the distinguished statesman to whose
opinions have referred This expression Of them is
recent as November 22d He says
The questions of public law involved in the issue
plain ones, and the rights Of the nations at the
rights Of the empire holding their mouths. Brazil can
no more monopolixe the Amazon than she the equa
toral line the South American continent itself The
doctrine which utterly denies the right to do SO she her
self has inculeaed again and again in The posons she
took against Buenos Ayres on The opening Of the La
Plata. The only difficulty about our vessels ascending
the Amazon will be touching the right Of landing where
there are no ports OF entry in her territory Of Brazil As
TO these places, she could not guard them from the
touch OF anchors and kces, and wherever she has
ports OF entry we have already the right OF landing But
this IS only point rather OF convenience than OF right.
The great interests Of and OF the world
with Peru, Ecuador Venezuela, and New Granada, re-
CURE and demand the rights Of ngress and egess and
from the waters OF the Amazon AID the mere holding OF
the mouth of that river cannot give TO Brazil preext for
the mare tlsksxm Indeed doubt whether she will be
SO blind as to attempt 10 claim, enforce at least any
such preension"
need not say. after all that have written on the sub.
lecl, how heartily concur with these views.
We have the right BY treaty with Peru and invitation
from Bolivia and Ecuador to navigate their great rivers
our and Of The Mods eommsres ss five
times more involved in opening the navigation of the
Amazon to the eight hundred thousand square miles on
The tributaries above her domnions. and the Amazon
beyond them, than in the navigation OF the La Plata and
It's tributaries valuable as the latter will undoubtedly
prove And on this principle Of the interests OF the par
ties mutually concerned the freedom of the Dsraa
nees and Bophofusto the merchant vessels Of all the
nations.
The question Of the navigation of the Amazon TO lis
upper tributaries worlds question, in which
terWoven an ncalcuabe amount OF interests On page
SO OF Lieutenant Maury's "Valey OF the Amazon We
have the following statement:
One million and half OF dollars worth comes down
the Amazon 10 Para, and millions annually scales the
Andes from this river basin get 10 the Pacific and so
reach the Atlantic via Cape Horn"
The Peruvian portion of the Upper Amazon is, said
travelled through the finest parts Of South America the
most beautiful country in the World; its fertility pro.
verbal"
THE MINES PERu
by far the largest part OF these mines are on the divide
between the Atlantic and Pacific waters OF Peru and
the former run wholly into The Amazon, on the east
ernr-l. O., Allanic-sopes Of the Andes,
Inc mines which produce the greatest quantity OF
OF Tarma, commonly called the mines Of Cerro del Pas
co, m the Cerro de Bombon, high table land, 10
which ia The small lake de los Reyes 10 the south OF The
Cefo De Laurichoca those OF Guagayoe. Cbots, in
Truxilio; and the mines of Huan,aarys The mines OF
Cero del Pasco discovered by Huari Cspae "A In
dian. in 1880 They furnish than two millions OF
dollars oil silver annually and are al elevation OF
more than thirteen thousand feet above the level OF the
sea The mealliierous bed appears near the surface
me shafts being not more than ninety TO four hundred
ieet IN depih water then appears and great
pense IN freeing the mine from IT, The bed 49, and
1917 feet IN breadth and it has been affirmed,
spectacle authority, would, like The mines Of Po,os,. in
BOLIVIA, produce AS much the OF Guanax uato
IN Mexico. These latter mines, it is well known, now
yield BY lar the largest actual product oil any silver
mines IN the world The average annual product OF the
mines OF CeHo del Pasco up TO the year 1919 two
millions ninety nine thousand eight hundred and twenty
dollars The average since has been somewhat greater
Immense wealth has been dscove cred at Fuenteana at
Camoluche and at Psmpa de Navar The last OF which.
wherever the turf 10 moved, for than half square
league sulphurated and native silver in 6laments
found adhsrng 10 the roots OF the grass. and il ALEC
occasionally discovered in large masses
All the silver mines comprehended under the Of
Guagayoe furnished annually, for loog series OF years,
up 10 1919, about seven bundled thousand doars there
richer than those OF Potos and are discov-
cred mostly at the height OF 1885 feet,
Al present the Peruvian gold comes partly from Patros
and Hudes, in Iarna, and Is extracted from veins OF
quartz raversing primitive rocks and partly from wash
ngs established on the banks Of the Upper Maranon, in
number, the OF The rhote Amazon river. and 10 The
current in Peru OF that part OF the Amazon which
runs through her territories.
We have, by the arrival OF the Illinois, teegrsphed
The 29th November nst al New York, further accounts
Of excemenis produced by increased discoveries OF gold
on the Amazon, in Peru We have also information OF
The lntfxues OF Brazil 10 monopoze the whole trade OF
the Upper Amazon BY forming treaties with the four
powers on these portions OF the nver. This shows the
necessity OF CELEBRITY oil action part 10 anticipate
her serpenlne policy Blu, or Two more numbers
necessary TO lair exposition OF the subject, A.
Elements of International Law, p Isl
EaRATAIn the article in the Union Of 27,h Sd para
graph, 9h lne Tor 10000 square miles, read $500 900
square mes In the 9th paragraph, IOlh line for ",wo
Thousand i've hundred miles, read twenty tbou.
sand miles The last refers TO the whole number OF
navEable miles IN the various other great tributaries OF
the Upper Amazon. A.
TEHuASTEsKc ROUTE We are informed by a gentle.
man OF high standing, who, we are persuaded. would
not Intentionally nsesd the public, that the pre-.
limlnary contracts made by the Tehuan,epee Company,
Of which Col Soois president, have been dehnvey set