New-York daily tribune. [volume] (New-York [N.Y.]) 1842-1866, 1853-08-02

the sSrhou.k,ss,h serene ~.sther As is g-urr'ly
SUPPOSED with tiuo. ph nc phenomenon 81 INV A"
Ancl er indication hat the south ~@st part OF wig n
VS. the cIa point Of earthquake unfer consd-r'
ton iourd the occurrence OF a Second 81 ~ =.
hour more after the d'si \ second .>f' VI
Ire SraCcy Cf all earthquakes shoss TINS rep-toh on ~
rh.rouei on 70 send al CREST earthquakes Ad 70 D- IA
number and severity proporuensie to the ca ~.r' ~ ~
frsi Such repetition, therefore A. on. pacs uu -
observed would mark the maximum point OF me ~ .,
The o. ana osy and in this one or two sSons IN
: " Virginia are the only instances OF Observance "i
seooIc earthquake
SrcrIoS y.
prof ! : RIPPLE Chairman. Prof H. l. SsrTH,
Secretary.
The r:t psper was On Oririn Dcrclop-eHf and h
f,-f, .rfnrs T ~ Rcnal O-gGEs throughout Icrbra
"a hy DR. " | BURNETT Boston.
Tie follow inc is very short abstract
Tier. are two facts stkingiy significant OF the import
Ssce az the urinary organs m all the hgn-r condu"n o.
Al nal lite These their widely distributed presence
ard their early appearance in developing emory
orc forms might perhaps sod as bird Iset hAt t-iT
functional sctyy III AL exact rsto Vim me gsls u oI
raz&tDs Throughout the higher classes OF ms nVer
ihrss sud IN All the vertebrate their organic ana iGac
to rlsi, IL quite promnent-and 1t only IN
The liver classes Of the anms kingdom possessing no
blood crC a,iOp. thSt they sbsent
Bo IA. taeics 10 the PhysOiogsi. ia beautiful and
suggestive oct met With not unfrequen,y 10 Embryonic
S.uces Nsure puts mp temporary provisional
s,rucfure:o perform important function unn tle con
orors of the organization shall be SUCH that p-rmsneni
organ BE- formed OF a certain type belonging - the
animal suCh. aid lasting lie entire f--sn h ian Is
tbs, o. Wol,fan bodies.
In the higher firms Of atop the blood 10
r. ouire inueoiatey upon It's active circulation, some
al. 4 purifcatcn-and to effect this, delicate
:, nj structure s erected to Ien,in only until more solid
Of t. shape Of true kidney can be formed These
= ~ orary kidneys fsund III all vertebrate excepting
n sts AID Auphibia-thsi IS in the true Reptiles
Brd- and Msnmssnd The length Of TIM they persist as
active embryo inverse rato - the
grsde 81 AUm-l in TACT TINS law OF graz alton seems
So that amphoIa aud fishes possessing dolly per
nsu-ut vensl organs there would seem some for
th- opinion that thee onl! permanent W"fh<n bodies,
IN IrHC hfdHgS-lbcSe organs. DslDg perm tntui,
aud Al prety P-n-sb- in the adult economy OF ali
the ven, brais have = Chronological Importance much
greater than ,he'r ten pOrsry sLalng
heed not here 60 into the details Of their comparative
snn,opy those variations of external form belonging
t. each l. ihe ff,t place the oes formula Of the
kidney Whenever net ~h IN The vertebrate Is rays the
same t would BE- exp cted Tor the function O-ing
the same-the functional ought always to be alter
the zane oe Thus bndirg the Intimate sird ture esp5
cialN tie saline EveryR here, should naturally infer
siI nvsrabe mode Of oevelopnsni sacn IN tact
bsIe foV, q 20 BE- true.
Of oevcopmeUt I" Dc little less cOmplcated "a "a III
the higher In fact here the type of struc ura de
veoymeni is quite allied 70 that OF the Nohtn bodies and
by sons sr the Kidneys OF fishes have been r.
serded onr ~ forms Of the 40 mentioned
Cryaps This however not true, and thu similarity
asogcs iutesd OF neurological beng Of those many
inst, nc met aitb IN The history OF Development where
p4ruaueLt organ lower fOres. adOHs general outline
Q rsIslent one, in q BIZ her class
Papers and Abstracts of Papers Read Previous
Our reporters send us several abstracts and copies Of
Papers from which we select the following:
TUBULAR BRIDGES.
On The Resistonce Of The Ve'hcal Ptates Of Tubular
Bridges by HERMAN HAUPr Superintendent of the
! Penn ylvauis Central Railroad.
The at desdera'um in the construction Of Bridges is
An arrsr GENE Of paris that with gwen weight OF ina
t.ral will posess the efficient power resistance.
An arch fu fills condition Of maximum resistance with
give weight of material when the distribution Of tne
lead II constant WIh permanent weight whether uni
fo,ulv distributed or not there is OF equilibrium
ard eer amount Of weight of material arranged g. con
! form 10 this curve will give the maximum Of resistance
| which The material is capable of opposing
But for ordinary Bndges especially tor railroad pur.
poses there can be DO curve Of equilibrium the load IS
inr ONLY variable but very great in proportion to the
weight OF the structure and we're an equilibrium possible
in one could stable only for instant
the anst OF the load TO another position would at once
dhturbi it,
is applicable only to lueducis other structures uoon
vi ich the loads nearly constant aud that under
Al ar capable OF sustaining variable load, must either
BE- made that the variations OF the curve OF pres
,ure will never pass outside the arch mus. he con.
bueo with resisting truss capable OF opposing any ten
| oency To change OF bgure
Most Of the bridges ger illustrations of this
species Of mbinat"n but the man Reliance IS usually
placed upon The the arch being used merely an
apuafy here wood used this OF maer, IS
not oteciioIAt- lar rs Increases unn-cesszr
IT, the wei. ht If To. structure but where iron emp yed
becomes essentially port>bt that the distribution of the
forces should b. Understood the strains upon all parts OF
! correctly proporuoned to the required resistance
The pin, plies involved in tn calcul ,Ons have g.
r.sdy be- gwen the pubic, work the general
Theory Bridge Construction. and further reference
them is required pt to state that application ct
these pIincp, would lad radical change IN the man
n-r of constructing bridges uus-es, and instead of US
ing srch auxiliary 20 truss, the arch would be
made chief Dependence and the truss employed to re-
st the action variable Oai and prevent change OF H.
urt in the arch during their the bridge when
disposed in this manner gwen quantity NJ msieria Will
oppose an efficient essaLce 10 vibration hexure trac
| tule
In tubular iron bridges which have recently attracted
uut attention, difficulty found IN determining the
sr6n upon the horizontal tables, and IN proporii nlng
them rreciy but the dimensions Of the VERT Al ribs and
the best manner Of .tifenng them will depend only
upon the magnitude OF The weight bus upon the mode 81
splicsiicn Ii the weight be supposed sppled at the
N odle Of tubular bridge It's action would tend TO short
IN the ci-goDs extending from the middle of the top cord
or ,sble TO the Of bottom table and the
tune 10 eopgsie the opposite diagonal from the middle OF
the bottom table to the end of the top table the strain
uyen the last diagonal wo0c be nearly the s,reng OF
he msiersl but the opposite Diagonal being
compression forces would II IL formed line of tim plate
OF m.sl be unable 20 oppose any efficient Resistance,
and the bridge Soud probably fail in the erection 81 ns
oiseonl IL becomes necessary therefore u provide
cans stitching the ribs and this usually effected by
iv, ting 70 them vertically, pieces OF ron AZ short inter
,As II, ADDITIONS the distribution of the strains
changed aud the nn Of the pats Is milSr 10 "a II OF
tuss on the Pratt plan the verified stiffness tAkug the
Mace OF the posts the lines Of sheet rOn connectinS
Inc opposite angles Of any panel having corresponding
sctiou 10 the ordinsry sgonAl rods
Tie resistance which such Arrangement IS capable Of