The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1853-10-09
TIE Crystal PALACE.

0Doc1uoMs from the AAsxeoaa Goal kneAos.
Net tss attractive part II the ExhSitisa il the
sa.sr,i department, under tho sspervisa q Prof SIM
Tia collection Of specimens Is vast ana varied
representing many great Interests that the visitor
at STRUCK with the power grandeur and wealth of
ne natsa in minerals yet embedded in the bowels Of the
earth As deposit Of leading ensude and importance
10 the country is coal We purpose therefore, to take
up this nsrning the Black Diamond ~ this mineral
NJ commonly and We may say justly, called
There three distinct species Of coal known, VIA;
a.thrasits bitumnous and csal but there is,
seologiss ten u.s. almost indefinite number OF varie
tes occupying possible shade Of difference between
the perfectly formed anthracite the oAe hand
and Of eaanrl the other They run ato each othei
writer the subject observes-by such slight 'afiaAon
that it il aost tell to which species certain
varieties belong Providence has thas as in all His WORKS
sAown the benevolence Of bis character by furnishing
n with as great q variety, in this most important
fuel AZ there is in tho to which il Is to be
an,lied There il kind Of coal that will
answer for all purposes nor 10 there any kind
that Ia useless or unsued to purpose. II is for
yhewant Of the knowledge Of these facts that people
often certain kinds of coal poor worth
less they do not deport themselves in the
manner Gre that other Goals do with which they
acquainted Every variety Of coal is suited to the pro-
auction Of specific effect and gsias corresponding
all kinds Of coal value any
han that Of wooaare Thirty years age anthracite
coal was thought be utterly worthless would
not burn the CRATES then in and 1t remarked
Mat il never would burn until the last great connagra
ZION Bat small change in the fern Of the crate soon
showed it to be the most valuable fuel ever known
This country however, is not only favored with every
variety Of coal but has an OF square miles twelve
smes greater than any other country The coal field. of
NE United States Of 1855 square mles
those Of Great Ireland only IL $50 those OF
Spain g. 4os; France l,7l9. The British North American
colonies which have Of Is, 900 square miles
to the United Ststes and they. in comparison
fan into nsigni6cance.
OF tho 1888 500 square miles Of land in the United
States Pennsylvania has about IS 900 miles
q its entire Within the State is anthra
cite bituminous, and semi bitumiaous coal, while the
ether coal States almost exclusively made OF the
btumneus and camel species. The anthracite region OF
Pennsylvania though comparatively nothing in superb
sia placed by the side Of the bituminous ands-ang
mort of 400 square mes-produce of fuel than
the boundless fields of bitamaoua coal scattered
twelve States
The great depository of anthracite in Pennsyvania-
which Taylsr in his statistical work regards the only
one In fact, Of material value this continent and
which the interesting assemblage isolated
coal that the world has produced gcoloyst
investigates divided into three distinct coal fields
They lie in TIE counties of schuykil Dauphin Lebanon
Carbon Northumberland, Iuzerne and Columbia. and are
watered by the susquehanna Schuyki and Lehigh and
their numerous tributary branches. They called
1st The schuylkill Southern Region which extends
from the IeLigh Mauch Chunk on the east to its
western terminus at Dauphin, the Sussuehanna-a
distance of about seventy miles with width At its
greatest breadth OF six miles.
~ Do~:o
Mountain. the Iehigh to the Mohanoy miles from
the susquehsnna-in length about fifty miles
Sd The Wyoming, wilkesbarre, Northern Region
extending from its northeastern end the heAdwaters
" Iackawanna Creek to its eastern point Shickshinny
On the north branch Of tie Susquehsnnaa distance Of
upwards Of sixty miles.
Each OF these regions as well as the bituminous and
sannel cea fields other States. have specimens on ex
hbtion Our remarks to-day will be confined those
The middle anthracite region OF Pennsylvania. There
arc from this region twenty-six, the
lands of the companies shall presently notice These
specimens, though unpretendng and not Of the huge
bulk others the ground, will favorably
with the best anthracite in the Fair In point Of purity,
e. freedom from slate and earthly NEUTRALITY-SUSPICIOUS. of the
rt these Goals Professor Rogers who
some from the beds will rank with the very
unrest to be with in the anthracite country This i
the decision Of all persons competent pronounce
tAe quality Of = coal upon inspection. Iron as pure and
strong the Professor gives his opinion can be manu-
factured from the anthracite Of this region as is pro
auced from charcoal short, these Goals recon-
ended by specific gravity large proportion OF car
hon and consequent combustion and long continuance
and uniformity their general cleanliness &c, &c.
tn. Middle Region remained for years, 1t may
\. said almost wholly undeveoped owing to want Of
facilities for reaching market This difficulty We are
xratRed know is being rapidly overcome BY the CON
ruct;on Of railroads leading TO the principal markets OF
The country the forms ton Of improvement companies
within the region itself There already some nine or
o., If these improvement companies besides individual
all of which actively engaged in putting
their lands in condition for the mining Of large quantity
Of coal First in order Of these companies is
TBs Pysu ApE PfrA SryBrRY RAILROAD CoxPArY-The
lands Of this company embrace 900 of the best
coal the region running from east to west SIX
niles engthwise with the mountains and coal measures
The veins Of coal the land, sixteen in number
can be worked in parallel lines the whole Of this distance
At post in the veins respectively numbered twelve ana
thirteen there q working breast Of coal of al least 500
yard, afording Incompatible operations From cacu
aton by practical geolosist seven OF The six
teen coal belonging to this company will produce
TWO hundred eighty three millions sixty six thousand
six hundred and sixty six tons Of coal Veins Nos
and In congomerate series, underiie the acres
Their thickness is set down thass-
No ! is feet thick
No 2 IL feet thick
No 3 Is feet thick.
Making - feet, or TX yards.
veins Nos S. and s. underiie 800 acres
Of the land and measure respectively II,
!, sn tom - 1as, $50 900
Veins II and - underlie at least :, 900 acres,
With united thickness OF Is feet, and will
s;sld in tons ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS. s,400 900
fus producing in tons stated above the 2s3 065 o66
Deduct from this for waste slate &a, one-third tho
atovauce other coal fields, and there Is left, IN
mercba BILE coal III tons This enormous
quantity Il must recoected, Is independent Of the
c,r not
~ tons more At third Of the coal Of this estate
Is above water level. On this property double coal
and 70 feet high which will contain eight breaking
rollers propelled BY fifty horse power steam engine
One hundred and fifty houses, for wives with six rooms
Zach are alSo under construction The railroad OF this
Company which extends from Sunbury, the Susque-
hanna TO Mount Carmel, distance of trenty seven
milee runs through this property.
Nv this railway and through its projected connections,
tey Win be enabled to reach the markets Of New York
baltimore Philadelphia and the Lakes Of the great North