Loudon free press. (Loudon, Tenn.) 1852-1855, 1853-12-16

lllIc W WISH only one OF lneSe olteS, t>tiSa'a-
qua, where lie was received ir-the host friend
ly manner. 1t is hoped that his presence and
good offices viii have benign effect IN com
posing the discussions which prevail among
them, and in establishing still more intimate
and friendly relations between them respective
IL, and between each of them and the United
States.
Considering the vast regions of this continent,
and tie number of States which would be made
accessible by the free navigation OF the river
Amazon, particular attention has been given to
this subject. Brazil, through whose territories
ii passes into the ocean, has hitherto persisted in
n policy restrictive, in regard to the use of
this river as to obstruct and neal exclude. for
eign commercial intercourse with the States
which lie upon its tributaries and upper branch
es.
Our minister to that countcy stlaa4i4--l-.
sresx1rIon OF fhat policy, and to use his
efforts to induce the Brazilian Government to
open to common use, under proper saieg guards,
this great natural highway for intermissonal
trade. Several of the South American States
are deeply interested in this attempt to secure
the free navigation of the Amazon, aud iii res-
Sonableito expect their cooperation in the meas
ure AS the advantages of free commercial in
tercourse am0ng nations are better understood,
more liberal views are generally entertained as
to the common rights of all the free use of
those means which nature has provided for IN
teFnational communication. 10 these more
liberal aud enlightened views, it is hoped that
Brazil will conform her policy, and remove all
unnecessary restrictions upon the free use OF a
river, which traverses SO MANY States and so
large IA part of the continent. | am happy to
inform you that the republic of Paraguay and
Il i. Al, al,
liberal policy still resisted b, Brazil, in regard
to the mayigable rivers within their respective
territories Treaties embracing this subject
among others have been negotiated with these
governments which will be Submitted to the
Senate at the present session.
new branch of commerce, important to
the agricultural interests of the United States,
has. within few years past, been opened with
Peru Notwithstanding the inexhaustible de-
positS of guano upon the islands of that coun-
Try, considerable difficulties are experienced in
obtaining the requisite supply. Measures have
been taken to remove these difficulties, and to
secure more abundant importation of the ar
tice. Unfortunately, there has been serious
collision between citizens who have resor-
ted to the Chincha Islands for it, and the Peru
Wan authorities stationed there. Redress for
the outra6eS committed by the latter was prompt
" demanded by our minister at Lima. This
subject Is now under consideration. aud there
is Reason to believe that Peru is disposed to
offer adequate Indemnity to the aggriered par
ties.
We are thus not only at peace with all foreign
countries, but, III regard to political affairs are
exempt from any cause of serious disquietude
i'll our domestic relations.
The wb;,b bo,-., 81 ,lo
country heretofore, are passing away with the
casgs ~g1 ra%Ssd 9sr Srr aR v trace rae Of them
remains, 1t may be reasonably hoped that it will
only eperceivedi III the Jealous rivalry of all good
citizens to testify their respect for the ri ghts of
the States, their devotion to the Union, and it's
institutions, It's welfare, and lis domestic peace
shall be held alike secure, under the sacred egis
Uf the Constitution.
This new league of amity and of mutual con-
hdence and support. into which the people of
the republic have entered, happily affords in
ducement an opportunity for the adoption of a
more comprehensive aud unembarassed line of
policy and action, as to the great material in
terests OF the country, whether regarded in
themselves or III connexion with the powers of
the civilized world.
The United States have continued gradually
aud steadily to expand, through acquisitions of
territory, which how much soever some of them
may have heen questioned, are now universally
seen and admitted To have been wise in policy
just in character, and a great element in the ad-
vancement OF our cOuntry,an with it of the hu
man race, In freedom, in prosperity, and in hap
piness. The thirteen States have grown to thir
ty one, with relations reaching to Europe on the
one side, and on the other to the distant realms
of Asia.
am deeply sensible of the immense respon.
sbiIity which the present magnitude of the re-
public, and the diversity and multiplicity of its
interests devolves upon me; the alienation Of
which. SO far as relates to the immediate con-
duct of the public business, is first, in nv reli
ance on the wisdom and patriotism of the two
Houses of Congress; and secondly, in the diree
tons afforded me by the principles of public
pnlity, affirmed nv our fathers of the epoch of
1898, sanctioned Ivy long experience, and con-
secrated anew bv the overwhelming voice of
the people of the United States.
Recurring to these principles which constitute
the organic basis of union, we perceive that,
vast as are the functions, and the duties of the
federal government, vested in, or entrusted to-
its three great departments, the legislative exec
cutve, and judicial, yet the substantive power,
the popular force. aud the large capacities for
social and material development, exist.in the
respective States, which all being of themselves
well constituted republics. as thev preceded, so
they alone are capable of maintaining and
perpetuating, the American Union The federal
government has its appropriate line of action
in the paci6c and limited powers conferred on
it by the constitution, chiefly as to those things
in which the States have common interest in
their relations to one another and to foreign
governments; while the great mass of interests
which belong to cultivated men, the ordinary
business of life, the springs Of industry, all the
diversified personal and domestic affairs ofso-
eietv, rest securely upon the general reserved
powers of the people of the several States.-
There is the effective democracy of the nation,
and there is the vital essence of its being and
its greatness.
Of the practical consequences which flow
from the nature of the federal government, the
primary one is the duty of administering with
INTEGRITY and fidelity the high trust proposed in
it by the Constitution, especially in the appliea-
tion of the public funds, as drawn by taxation
from the people, and appropriated to specific
objects by Congress. Happily, ! have no occa-
sion tosuggest any radical changes in fhe fnan-
cial policy of the government. Ours is almost,
if not absolutely the solitary power of Chrisen-
dom having surplus revenue, drawn immedi-
atey from imposts on commerce. and therefore,
measured by the spontaneous enterprise and
national prosperity of the country, with such
indirect relation to agriculture, manufactures,
and the products of the earth. and sea- as to VI