New-York daily tribune., 1853-12-15

deprived of their hair, as well 40 any adherinR hssh
BY being well soaked in q line-vat and then scrapei
ever wooden horse; this is called beaming" and IN.
vohet ire everest labor required IN the whole pro
cess lhey are next Z" fried" or deprived of the
eucle or cute de skin BY being carefully shaved with
curriers' kns, after which they are ready for mill
ing. Here the hand mallet and ssptroueh Of former
Gays are superseded by huge box or tank of cast
iron, in which pair Of enormous wooden blocks. or
sticks rs tney are technically called, are made TO
play horizontally with alternate motion The skins are
cast into this receptacle and thoroughly motenei with
oil, after which the stocks, which are propelled by
waerl0ver set in motion until the whole msss i
thoroughly miiled Another scTapPng or seud.lins'
snsuss, alter which they arc again thrown ints the
stocks ard Eillcd oyer in strong ley, b. which the
spPefacus o secured and tie grease thus obtained
s by another process reconverted into oi much in
use among curriers', and known se Sed OIL
As the skin comes from this process considerably
vhitered after being dried and staked or stretched
il s ooloTed according to requirement. TOT i's'ehs
tie predon ting color is bun, which Is gwen oy ."
outside application of Ochre; the iayorite color Tor
gloves on tie other hand is delicate drsb which,
with other hues is obtained by means OF suitable dyes
The skin is now ready for finishing which IS accom-
plshed BY skiuly subecting il 10 the rapid friction
of the buckte By which delicate sotness is given 90
its surface and the once coarse aud almost useless hide
has now become soft and flexible, aud yet substantial
leather Tie finished material is passed into the
hands of the cutter whose art t0 c0ntrye the largest
number of patterns out of each piece, after which the
requisite of thread and needles Is aPportonei
TO each dozen and they distributed to those who
sew them
The large amount Of sewing required in this trade,
affords desirable employment 10 hundreds of women
and children, weli in the village as IN tue adjacent
country The rates cf payments are arranged by the
dozen ard as the work can be piled in the inter-
walls between the ordinary duties of the household,
il is preferable 10 some other kinds OF female
labor AS does not interfere with conversation, or
many of the comforts of social life. lt Is popular en-
poy ment with many, and the daughters OF the farmers
as well as others OF tie better class who have time 10
snare are thus enabled TO occupy it with pleasure ami
profit These advantages, however. are considerably
diminished by the low rates OF wages and store pay
which is the prevalent mode OF compensation We may
therefore observe that while this employment useiul
staff to many families. IL must be considered an unsafe
dependance smuch as a dgcnt needle without loss
Of time will hardly more than 81 to 80 3p'rweek
while work is seldom to be had for more than eght
onths in the year As the demand for this species OF
labor has Of late years been greater than the supply
the manufacturers have been obliged ia the busy season
IA send fbeirxork out 20 families living ~ distance
of several miles in the vicinity having 20 disri
butte the uumadc stock. aud az the same time gather
that which was finished From many years OF practce,
the art Of stitching gloves has been brought IN ths
vicinity 10 a high state OF perfection, AMI aitneu@h
hard, 10 be- considered rival to the liner work oi the
Partisan erisette Yet it is 81 completely understood by
the female portion OF this community that the manu-
tacture must be considered as peculiarly Identified with
them As an illustration OF this we may REFER 20 the
attempts which have been made TO ostaOlSh the DUST
mess in other portions of the Union, most OF which have
been unsuccessful owing to the difficulty Of procuring
suitsble sewing The invention OF the sewlng-macnine
has introduced means of obtaining an amount oiiabor
which the increase OF the business would otherwise
have rendered both inconyenient and expensive some
thirty to forty OF these instruments are now nOperdon
among different manufactures, without interfering with
Il. ,ftI tIa fp
amount of stitching in a ellmade glove IN wAlch as
VET no machine can vie with the skill OF the plant
finger. The sewing machine is evidently susceptible
Of many Improvement and when some OF those detects
to which all new inventions are liable are reno'eas
use IN this departments viii be greatly extended.
Tie rate OF wages paid to male labOrers varies from
IS cents TO 81 20 per day and as the tenhour system
is not recognised good days works are expected FOR
this labor store pay IS not considered a tender uh
fortunately however the great bulk OF work ceases ~
the commencement OF winter and many are ie 10 pass
that season in Incidence No doubt some OF these could
find employment in numbering, or other labor peculiar
to the season. but generally they do not seek IT, and as
the winter expenses whatever may b. lett OF
the summer earnings the workman commences his next
season with an empty treasury There Is another very
serious grievance existing in this trade as regards the
rights OF the laborer which feel it duty TO notice
this is the custom of deerrng the payment Of rt or
the whole Of his wages until the end Of the season B
this means the employer retains the use OF his workmens
earnings for several months 10 the great Inconvenience
and often detrment of the latter since he is thereby
forced to pay credit prices IN meeting bis various eX
penses instead OF buying for cash.
This wrong no doubtowes its origin 70 the necessities
of early DAY s. but the manufacturers are now gene
rally men of capital, il were well to think o abatins
the evil; nor admit the argument that custom
or the aequiescence of the aborer when pressed BY
necessity can sanction any feature in trade which is
mauesy contrary TO the spirit of the age and often to
that of the Christian religion. There are, however,
some exceptions TO this remark and we hope that their
number will soon increase.
In the dressing ofdeer-skin the ordinary tanners OIL
taken from the whale or seal cannot be used and ex-
perepce Las proved that the only substitute is TO be-
obtained from the cod and its Species as well as from
some of the smaller Kind of fish, such the menhaden,
which are taken on the shore of New-England
The cod contains no fat excepting that found in its
liver whichis Of large size, and is almost complete
secretion of oil this oil has lately become popular az
a remedy in pulmonary diseases and the fisheries oil
Newfoundland and Labrador, after supplying the de-
maud for medicinal purposes, tnd ready market for
the remainder in the general leather manufacture. -
Inward OF 200 barrels OF oil are annually consumed
in JohnstOwn and Gloyers'ille, OF which amount the
arper portion is from the cod cheaper article Is
obtained from the menhaden which are caught In large
ounnttes in nets aud cast into huge watts current
Of hot steam il then turned upon the mass until 1t Is
boiled and the oil which floats on the surface is skim
med of.
Not less than JVo,UbO hhlhs ictif
Of which onefith will be from the sheep the Patna
kin from the former interior mitten is made The
latter is product of Hindostan and is becoming quite
a large item in our imports. The cattle from which
they are taken are OF small sze and we believe that
this is the only instance IN which the eowhide used
for mi tens. The Patna Kip affords strong and very
durable leather aud the mttens into which it IL made
are useful in handling bar-iron, laying stone wall and
similar work they are a article IN the trade, ani
must soon be largely demanded BY the increasing
amount of labor in our quarries and coal mines.
About one-third Of the whole amount OF stock here
= sofJ bv ,pa.ns Al n.idlars each of