Richmond enquirer. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1815-1867, 1853-11-08

produced by 'n' ,cn of The atmosphere III CohPoS'S
hcap G,,med and frequently ufs" tI ~ he uren.e in
thus o''" I nu,riiiy of nitrogen Is ouho " y. $500 "
position nI and nitric ucid Than was cohalhn IN ''c
hoIs Of The substances first rar," w mf ihn,r
@ ua terIy Journal ag .suJ,s ihr presence OF
or cacurcous carhunates is necessary, anu 's mere
%in9 Of the materials Of the farm pen IS hol su'ceh
iBousos aull 249 As these compounds o n."S s"s
49, liz c;, friIizjnu ingredient u phtrcsceh thanures
h conditions necessary their formation sona east
the compost heap, and oil TIC mea"' " S w
ouantty should be carefully adopted. -,
In nninnu ont the important requisites IN Inc nepara
ton of farm pen munues, DO mol WISH " o9
recommending the use OF an W.. 'ent 10 ndsnenaah,s
that mode. The farm pen, to some - ~,
There must be sufficient materials collected TO absorb and
retain the manures, when any pot"o VI Inv usc arc
nenned Further than this do not regard e accl'nula
Among some farmers there is pe'u'In. mp S lna'
the process of digestion by the cattle auus ~ M e"zlng
of The farm pen-in other WORDS makes The
eriola of The farm pen richer This impression must be
moved OF once by the statement mat n!Losen constitutes
both the nutritious principles OF loou u If ,ho n zlne
which is distracted in the formation oil es ana which is
cshaed from the animal, is So n1uch ",uia"n IRON the
fertility OF the manucsto which must DC auue' .a' por
TO- 81 ,h. nhosnho,cs which forms the bones. Ion of
wheat straw then must be regarded as containing larger
amount Of cnriching elements Deo'o o''s " ~ " "'a"
aT ars e .,ys LARGO surplus of straw md other mate.
rails not needed for farm pens; ana lie ots. usosh oil
this is haul it directly to inc iah you uIse ~ "ire
md IN s,read il broadcast 1t is much lighter IN Hauling
hen dy and can be hauled III mdrc convenient seasons
In the process of decay eriilzlns principle IL sVrho
to the air. for il is asserted on hSh auol Us .o result
Of experiment. that substance containing nitrogen, ali
whose parts in contact with the AR IN he process OF
dccomIusnn contributes nitrogen 10 me SOhlhed
herc in which il is placed 5ousnsaui az: klt
On the contrary portion of the hydrogen evolved in pne
faction unitcs with The nitrogen of the atmosphTe surrouh
ing it, and forms ammonia. The absorbent powers OF lie
soil and OF the organic substances are succh' 20 retain LIE
ammonia thus formed until consumed oy inc growing CROP
The production Of ammonia and nitric acid IRON Inc nitro
zen Of the atmosphere by thu decay OF organic mailer IN lie
soil is unesalingy asserted by Professor Johnsion-even
when the dccompusng substance is purely caroonlcenns
ED Quar- Jour. Ag, 5S 1t is unnecessary 10 give Inc
absrusc laws of chemistry upon which these results RESI-
hui the conclusion as correct thai when dcco"i,
position Of organic matter occurs in contact win air small
and variable proportion Of ammonia anu nTc aco ae pro-
duccd the expense of the Tree nitrogen Oh me
Ibid See ALSO Bousinsaut, BIZ; Murder as quo,ea III I'd
Jour Az 1917, III In this connection he also states
proportion The presence oil lime promotes ts necaY
of vegetable and other organic matter IN The SOIL IN Inc
same proportion does promote The production vi ammonia
and nitric acid al the expense oi the Tree nloSen VI INC a.
and this may regarded us one oil the valuable
and purposes served by the presence OF cacareou
matter in the soil" Aud 'me influences in an unknown
degree the nitrogen Of the atmosphere 10 oeuc Aeu u
larger proportion in The SOIL In the form OF h'tc aclu ah
ammonia would otherwise DC the case ana tns IL does
both by the gcn. amount ol decay or o1luaoh "hci
it brings about in given lime and by the KINDS oi cum
pounds which, under its influence the organic matter Is per
suadcd TO FORM ?,
have thought proper to impress npon the Society," The
fact that tie decomposition Of vegetable substances NAV o
as ncously conducted in The SOIL or on lis surface as
the farm and that there is reay no gain from The abo
rious process of hauling in straw TO be drenched WIN ran
and paay icrnted he hauled out with great addition
al weight and labor. Even unroed pine leaves, as rake
I'm from the w0udsthOugh acid soils they produce lnu
tous ctclson soils which have been rendered
"pruducc only and always beneficial results and that Is tn
hest rs we'll cheapest mode OF their applca ION
GRun on Cacareous ManG!es These researches OF dis
tinansed chemists in accordance with The observation
Of intelligent farmers; and know OF nothing within IN
range cf well conducted experiments that conndct Them
has been long known that n" benefit was derived iron
pou.hng undo. summer cownens Ii 10 explained by III
tart that The absorbent powers u the soil can retain TIC am
munl and further decomposition increases il from tn
air. The observed elects of op.ressing may receive ID
same solution; also tho shallow covering oi inapurcs In
striking effects produced by covering young clover VIII
straw weeds other vegetable substance producing lie
sus growth and uSuriancc ol The clover lar sur
passing the apparent fertility impaired by the covering ina
ha rynancL by the same reasoning ludeed, the uItimat
products of decay and pureiacon whether occurring II
Inc farm Den SOIL carbunic acid water and ammo
MIA Il.ete, Q5 The quantity and quality OF the organ
matter will he The vi fertility Impaired 10 The So
in iis Ultimate decomposition Tie greatest may
he received The first crop. but The maximum OF improve
rnen The land and the most successful cropping Tor sc
ries of years will follow.
II may be proper also stale thai The decomposition
The straw &c. furnishes constant supply OF carbonlc aci
10 the leaves aud rf growing pIns which must no
be regarded Us trivial insignificant. For four tons Of pei
fecy dry vegetable matter will yield nearly Onetnurth
much arbonc acid exists in The whole atmosphere owe
an acre of land 1t ia constantly rising through their leave
and furnishing additional supply OF food II also acts
combination with solvent upon the mineral 10
gradients Of the soil and by this means furnishes an ncea'
cd supply Of inorg mic eemena 4" food 10 plants Tn
power water charged with abonlc ncld 10 dissolve III
important minerals tested ny the Professors Roger
lafc of our University. BY their experiments. The spec
mems gcsed in carhonc acid water frequently furnished
Sufficient amount dissolved mineral To admit OF
,Ia,ive ANALYSIS reaching instances from 10
per cent the whole rnass.-lEdg. Quar- jour 1871
The other means OF fixing the Nitrogen of the atmospher
ia by proper rotation Of crops II appears 10 be we'll es
lbiscd fact that certain plants possess The power OF asst
maring and fixing the nitrogen OF The air, either d'rect
through their roofs, or by Inducing The formation oil com
pound Of nitrogen which is appropriated Among ihcs
plants the covers peas beans and all pod bearing or legu
mnuus plants arc The principal '"usngaut The NOR
fra ouently they come into rotation, The greater will
the relative assimilation nitrogen and the conseqlen
supply of ammonia the soil. Direct analysis has settle
the fact that where those plants come into the otaon IN
amount of rogen contained in the crops greatly exceed
that applied soil in the whole OF the manures, SHOW
ing per acre. of from thirty TO one hundred pound
Of Nitrogen. ousineaulI This valuable property OF TIL
class OF plants distinguishes them as The best ancoatin
crops any rotation Ii due 10 lat distinctive power
feeding mon the nitrogen Of The atmosphere and preparing
OF the cereal other marketable crops in tn
rotation This class Of plants must not be regarded rs III
Of retaining in The soil what previously possessed
but making large addition to its fertility through hl
power supplying nitrooe; and 10 This must he atlbuc
one of the great benefits derived from The usual field system
where clover crops intervene in the five years.
have now MIR President, shown the nexhaustibe sup
ply OF organic food for plants within the atmosphere wc
surrounds supply which is constantly kept up BY
combustion, the decay OF organic mailer and the espa
ton of anmuls-p oduCng eternal circulation OF
between the cur and air by those unchangng laws which
an all wise Creator has ordained Whilst combustion,
SEPARATION and decay tend constantly To render The air mpm!
and unhealthy by consuming It's and increasing
car50nic acid vegetable life ia continually absorbing tn
carbonic acid and throwing back pure oxygen And up
on the nitrogen Of the atmosphere by obscure
but stu, certain and nvariable, The uniform relation
preserved between The air and earth by of The
bic creation. The earth produce its vegetation pnri
~ the mir for the health Of The winds will noxi
seed IL The Industry OF does those thu
are valuable IL you grasses for stock The cart
will produce its weeds for vermin. The material wor
its unchangng laws and amongst these is plainly writ
that living vegetation must spring TO purify the mir
in exact proportion as combustion respiration and de
cay proceed Under The direction Of intelligent Industry
this living vegetation furnishes The food for animals AM
men. The air supply nutritious crops easily as it cal
uuxous weeds Man has his obligations and dulles 10 per
form in rrapcct The material wod-made after The like
ot his Creator. with the lneumens Of divinity trace,
upon him. and living soul hfcahed within him. lie is sen
forth snhdue the earl, aud have dominion over
living tng with folded hands and in so,llul idle
ness bal in The Of his face shall he his bread INT,
he cturna unto the eurh IL like The sluggard he folds hi
hands, ihsrs and briars will spring up around him. ant
poverty and want will come armed man. II was no
promised 10 The s,hul that ounleous crops should crown
his sah bn that hlstles and briar pests OF the we've
table creation should be The minslering agents purify t
air which lie contaminated
That element o! the air which is The nutritious principle Of
food is also the Ingredient of fertility The soil We has,