Virginia free press. (Charlestown, Va. [W. Va.]) 1832-1916, 1853-12-08
2 VIRGINIA FREE PRESS AND FARMERS REPOSITORY

- - - = ~ p -. Teier u The cfrret por4-
esnee tetSeen thS ebs = "a gsirts 81 AnsfiIa and
the SetnlaFF IL s. 49,. A, "a rrsr-tnit
-. ine pLineir ssna 5siieyahkf ulaiaiaizek.
- - ~ q e Uni.ed elzirs will. wbenexer 4
~ a Occurs fe srpsied and ealoretf
<dition q chiha. this linc, Tencers z
4 - ae Raj scme Important changcs sill oeeur -
y, tasi empire; uhieh wisi leaa 70 mare mr.
s.leied inierc0eire win i. Tie comm" .iTl-s -
nat euoEtrr, y h0 has BEEN rtcerJ- -prsihted, j.
instructed ~ avail himself % occasions 70 open
eod exiend our commercial lelaiidns no. only with
ti@ns Ii
In ls59 an erpefitign was sent 70 Japan, uEder
NE command Of Cor modore Perry, ior the purpose
etspenfng eoune. eia intefeourst with thai island
tElfiigence "a, been received Of his aulsa there
9no q ms b-ving made known % the Emperor Of
Japan he object u bis visit bul Il Is not yes ascer-
s1lnsd sou far lse Emperor will Be disposed 70 a.
panr On his restrictive policy, and open maj pen-
rss country 70 aeommefeizI intercourse VAL ,hs
United States W.. III
Il has been my earnest desire % m1isiaid friend
~ intercourse with The eoyefnmehis upon This con-
uneht, and 10 aid them la pFes.fving good under
standing ameng themselyr.. With Mexico a dis
Pnse has arisen as % The que boREcaEy line between
oor territory OF Nsz Mexico aud the Mexicsn
State Of chihOaf1a. A former commissioner uf
The United Sta',s, employed 10 running thai line
Pufsuantio u treaty Of Guadalupe Hidaiso made
serious r, stake in determining the initial point
10 me ~ Grante; but, inasmuch as hisdecisien
rs tidIly dCepartufe from the GireclonS ior ira
eng Inc boundary contained in that treaty, and was
not cencurred in by the suIVeyoE appointed On re
par CT The United States whose concurrence was
neees 'ary 10 give validity 10 thai ecision. this gov
eLi IS not concluded thereby; hut shat Of Mex
lce axes different view Of the subject
There are also otheElt uesiiols Of considerable
rassnilHde pending between the two republics.
Our ministerin Mexico has ample instructions 10
/, adjust them Negotiations have heen Opened, but
sufficient progress has not been made therein 70 en-
able me TO speak Of The probable result Impress
/ ed With the importance Of maintaining amicable
relations with that republic, and Of Welding with
ibeEaiiiy 10 all her Just claims il is reasonable TO
exreet that an arrangement mutually satisfactory
T. both countries may BE- CONCLUDED, and lasting
friendship betweea them confirmed and Petpelua-
Congress having provided FOR ful mission to
The States OF Ceniral Amer ca. minister sent
ihither 10 July last As vel be has had time 10 Wis
i iionly one oil these States (NiraTagua) wheEe be
was. received 10 the most friendly amer. Il is
hoped thai his presence and good Offices wifi have
benign effect in composing The dissensiops which
prevail among them. and 10 establishing stiff more
intimate and friendly Relations between them re,
spee,IEeiy, ana bstween each 81 them and the Uni-
Considering The vast regions Or this continent
and the humber OF States which would be made ac-
eesslbleby the free navigation bf1he river Amazon
particular attention has been given 10 this subject
Brazil. through whose territories ii passes into The
ocean has hitherto persisted 10 policy re.iric-
tive in regard 10 The or this river as to obsiruct
and nearly exclude. foreign commercial intercourse
with the States which lie upon IFS tributaries and
1 upper branches. Our ministef 10 that country is
instructed TO obtain elaxatien ofthat policy and
10 use his efforts 10 induce The Brazilian govern
/ ment 10 open TO common use under proper safe
guards, this great natural highway for nernaiion-
al trade Several of the South American States are
deeply interested in this attempt 10 the free
navigation OF The Amazon; and il is reasonable to
Il cNpect their O.Operatinu in The measrr,I
As the advantages Of free commercial ieteseours5
among nations are better understood more LIBERAL
views are generally entertained IS 10 The common
rights OF all 10 The free use or ft-e ssrs ,rLi.b
nature has provided for International communities
iiQn. To Asse more ~ raj and enlightened views
y nor. iha. - al will c1nlorth her policy, and
q remove all unnecessary restrictions upon the fee
nse4of a.rirer which ttayerses solmany States and
so large part OF the continent. am happy 10 in,
form you that the republic of Paraguay and The
Argentine Confederation have Yielded 10 the libe-
raj policy still resisted BY Brazil in regard 10 the
navigabe rivers withip theiF respective territories
Treaties embracing this subject among others have
+ been negotiated with lhese governments which
" VIII be submitted 10 The Senate al the present ses-
sion.
A new branch Of commerce irnportah; 10 the ar
riculiuFa interests OF the United States has within
few years past, been opsned with Peru. Not.
whstanding the ineKhauylible deposits Of guano
upeif the islands If that country considerable diff
cuhies are experienced in Obtaining the requisite
supply. Measures have been aaken to remove
these difficulties. and to secure "a more abundant
Importation Of the article. Unfortunately, there
has been a serious collision between our citizens
who have rssoried to ecninch islands for H. and
the Peruvian authoriti.s stauoaed there Redress
4 fer The ontrages. committed by the latter was
promptly demanded by our minister at Lima
| This subject is now under consideration and there
is reason 10 believe that Peru Is disposed 10 Offer
adequate indemnity to the aggrisFed parlies.
We are thus not only at peace with all foreign
countries, hut in regard 10 political affairs are ex-
empt from any cause Of serious disquieiude in our
domestic relations. s.4.t5
The controversies which have agiia ed he conn
| try heretofore passing away with the causes
which produced toe m and the passions which hey
had awakened; or il any trace Of them remains il
may be reasonably hoped there il will onv be per.
ceived in the jealous riFary OF An good citizens "a
testify their respect m The rights Of the States their
devotion TO the Union. AID their common dep.rmi-
nation that each one of the States lis institutions
its welfare and its dsm4stc peace shall be held
alike secure under The sacred Rgis Of the eonstu-
ton
This new leage Of ahity and OF mutual conf
! dence and support into Ehi-hthe people Of the re-
public have entered, happily affords Inducements
| and opportunity for the adepiioh of more compre-
hensiye and unembarrabsed line Of policy and ae-
ton 10 the great material Interests OF The conn
try, whether regarded ID themselves or in esnnec,
4 ton with the powers ofthe civilized world.
i The United States hate continued gradually and
steadily 70 expand. thrptgh acquisitions OF terrific
| ry. which. how much soever some Of them may
have been Questioned arr now universally seen and
admitted TO have been wise in policy, Just in char
acier. and with ~ OF The human race in freedom
ia prosperity. and 10 happiness. The thirteen
States have grown 10 BE- thirty-9ne, with relations
reaching 70 Europe on the one side and the 9TH
er TO the distant realms Ut Asia.
lam deeply sersi he Sf the immense responsible
lily which The presen, magnitude OF the republic
and the diversity and multiplicity OF is interests,
devoyes upon me the alley ion Of which, so far
as relates To the immediate conduct Of The public
business is first in my Feiianc. IN the vision and
patriotism OF the two Honses Of Congress: and
secondly, IN the directions afforded BY the prin-
/ ciples Of public policy affirmed by our fathers Of
the epoch OF IDS, sanctioned by long exrerience
and e0nsecrated anew hy the overwhelming voice
Of The people Of the United States
Recurring 10 these principles which constitute
the organic basis Of hnIon. perceive that vastas
are the functions and tie duties the federal gov
efnment4yeSted in or entrustedto, lis three great
departments the legislative xeeutive and judicial
vet substantive power The popular force and The
large capacities for social and material develop
ment exist in the respective States which an being
/ of themselves well constituted republics. as they
preceded, so they albnfare capable Of maintaining
/ and peTDetuating the American Union
The Federal Government has its appropriate line
OF action in the specific and limited powers con-
ferred on il by The Cons tuition chiefly as 10 these
things in which lae Stases Ia " a common inseres,
in their relations 10 one another, dad TO foreign
governments; while the great mass OF 10 eres,s
which belong to cultivate men, the ordinary bust
Of life the springs Of industry al the dversi
fed personal and domestic afaiss Of socieiy, res,
securely upon the general reserved powers Of The
people Of the several States There is'the effective
democracy Of the nation and there The vital essence
II %. k.sr al ~. af.,se