The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1853-11-07

AnNiO-A merlcom anu AFRICAN LnOOr-Tne
Decline OF the Old Parties, and the Reor-
ganixation of n New One on the BASIS OF
the Constitution.
We are in the midst OF new era in politics
The dsorganzation of the old parties, the dis
ruption Of old bonds, and the reformation and
reorganization of the political elements Of the
country, are apparent, The questions Of bank,
or tariff. or internal improvements, that have
divided .men, are no longer at issue. Higher
questions have risen--greater interests are at
stake and these must be decided and main
tanned by the common patriotism of the Ameri-
can people. Let Us glance at our past history
and TO our present condition in proof Of this.
Mr.. Jefferson opened his political career by
asserting and maintaining the liberty of the
press against the policy OF Adams and Haml-
ton. His election to the Presidency was the
first great triumph OF democracy on that issue
the first era in American politics. The second
was the defeat of the currency policy Of Ham,
ilton and his associates, which was postponed
to the days Of General Jackson, and by him
fully consummated. Meanwhile, the tariff has
had an undulating motion, and has vibrated
between the two great parties but that ques-
tion has been deinitiyely settled by the rapid
growth and limited expenses OF the country.
Next came slavery agitation-a pervading ele-
ment of disturbance. The wings seized it as a
means of reviving a dropping cause but it
did not help them-it killed them They could
not disturb that element of our system without
impairing the constitution. The story is writ
ten by saying that the constitution was stronger
than the whigs-it triumphed-they were de-
feated and disgraced. With such an example
before them the democracy were strong. They
became the champions Of the Union, and thus
elected their President and majority Of both
branches of Congress. But they could not bear
prosperity. They, too, must bid for agitators-
they must strike at the friends Of the Union
they must fall Meanwhile, party has risen
up in this country, based upon the constitution
and its solid fruits, gathered from the labor Of
more than sixty years. 1t recognises the union
Of the States as it's highest alma question be-
fore which all questions Of local policy pale
into positive insignifcance. 1t is an expression
Of an honest sentiment, with moral courage
enough to declare that in the equilibrium now
existing between voluntary and involuntary
labor is to be found great source Of our pros
perity.
All enlightened economists agree that labor
is the primary source of wealth and of individ-
ual and national success. The American gov
eminent embraces two great divisions, work
ing in harmony, and producing fruits unexam-
pied in the history of the world. These are
Anoo nd frin ba 1o{ro 1c-
sgnally triumphed in those regions where eli
mate has excluded the former in the produc-
tions of rice, cotton, and sugar. 1t has opened
and peopled the Valley of the Mississippi; it
has purchased Louisiana and Florida: it has
conquered Texas; it caused the late war with
Mexico, and the consequent acquisition OF Cali
fornia and the territory Of New Mexico, thus
opening the most feasible railroad route to the
Pacific. 1t has given us maritime supremacy
on that ocean, and has placed within the reach
OF our enterprise the control of the commerce
Of China and Japan. II has largely contribu-
ted to extend our commercial relations With
the West Indies and with Central and South
America 1t has essentially aided to establish
and maintain for us an extensive and profitable
the Southern Continent Of America and Europe
II has secured to the manufacturers Of the
North a certain and reliable market for their
goods, and has thus built up an internal CON-
merce which has no parallel in the history OF
traffic. 1t has provided our agricultural and
mechanical skill with material Of employment
at once limitless and profitable. II sustains our
masses are employed in our own country, and in
others as many more are dependent upon their
labor. These are among the obvious fruits O.
African service az we find ii in the United
States; and all this has been accom-
plished without creating or actually ex-
tending slavery except by the natural pro
cess OF increase. No man desires its
It's diffusion over a larger territory, and with
view to its more profitable employment, in no
rational Judgment cen be said to extend it. AS
well might man be said to enlarge his family
by distributing its members into various places
If such process had any effect upon slavery,
as q relation between man and man. it must be
to weaken and not to strengthen it. 1t may
increase the aggregate productions ofthat spe-
cics of labor, but not the number Of persons en-
ployed IN it.
The other branch Of American labor las been
equally, and even more successful. The condi-
ton Of the great agricultural, mechanical, and
manufacturing interests Of the North, attest this
truth. We need only refer to its cities, its rail-
roads, its machinery, its endless round Of indus
try, its commerce, It's enterprise, its capital its
fearless and untiring energy, to prove this IT
is The great home of The emigrant, who, released
from the burdens of oppression on the other
side Of the water, seeks undisturbed labor and
happiness on this The climate and the pecu-
liar products Of The North are better adapted
10 Lis constitution and qualifications than 10
the South Within much less than half CEN
tut.v al pn;Ilinnp cF r.oopfo bay Iooouns snIa-