Staunton spectator. [volume] (Staunton, Va.) 1849-1896, 1853-12-10

TO the conclusion that kusyta was Selled WITHOUT
legal authority at Smyrna that he was wronSiully
detained on board Of the Austrian brig OF war
that Mt tue time Of his seizure he was clothed with
the nationality of the United States; aud that the
acts of our officers, under the circumstances oi the
case, were iustitiabo, aud their conduct haS been
tully approved by mo, aud compliance with tue
several demands oil INC Emperor vi A"s'ti" ""'
jeeu dccliucd.
For Il more full account of this transaction anl
nv views in regard to it, refer 10 the correspond
cncc between the charge dailaircs ol Austria anu
tho Secretary OF State, which iS herewith tralS-
mittcd The principles aud policy, therein mann
tanned on the part ot the United States, viii, when
ever proper occasion occurs, be applied ana Oh
7. forced. :.
The condition of China, al this time, renders il
probahle that some important changes will occur
in that vast cmpiru, which will load to more uu'
restricted intercourse with it. Tue commissioner
| to that country, who has been recently appointed
il instructed TO avail himself O all occasions I" o.
men and extend our commercial relations, not only
with the empire ut China, but with other Aslutlt
| na,iouS
| In 1882, an expedition was SCut to Japan, unaoi
! ,he command of Commodore Perry, fur the pur-
! pose of opening commercial intercourse with thai
island Intelligence has boon received of his ar
rival there, and of his having made known to The
! Emperor of Japan tho object of his visit; but IL Is
! not vet ascerta:ned how far The Emperor VIII pe
disposed ~ abandon his restrictive policy, aud o.
! pen that populous country 10 commercial inter
/ course withihc United States.
Il has been my earnest desire 10 maiutan friend
" Intercourse with the governments upon this cou
tiucn, and TO aid thon, in preserving good under
! stsudtug among themselves. With Mexico, dis
pu,e hue arisen as TO Tho true boundary line be
! tween our territory ui New Mexico and the McAi-
! can State ot Chthualua. \ former commissioner
! OF the United States, cmployed III running That
line pursuant TO thu treaty OF Guadslurc llidalgo
nlade Serious niistatu 10 detcsuih'ns the initial
point on the Rio tirsndc; bu, inasu,ich as his dc
ci,jou was clearly a departure lrpm the directions
for tracing the boundary contained in that treaty
aud was not concurred IN by the surveyor appoint
cd uu tho part of the Uuitcd States, whose concur
renee WAS necessary 10 give validity TO HAT dccis
ion, this government is not concluded thereby; bu
that of Mexico takes different view oi the sub
juOt,
! There are also other questions oi considerable
magnitude pending between The two republics
Oar minister in Mexico has ample instructions 1,
adjust them. Negotiations have bccu opened, bu
sufficient progress has not been made lbcrcln It
enable me to speak OF tbc probable result. In
pressed with The Importance oi maintaining amlca
bic relations with that republic, and OF yielding
with libcruhty 10 ull her just claims, II Is rcasond
bic to expect that an arrangement mutually satlS
factory To both countries may he concluded, ana
lasting friendship betwccn them confirmed AMI per
pCtuatcd.
Congress having provided Tor full mission t,
the States Of Central AiLcrica, minister w;s sen
lhtlcr in July last. AS yet he has had time Il
visit only one one of tlIcse states, (Nicarasua,
where hc was received In the most friendly man
uer. 1t is hoped that his presence aud good oih
ccS will have Il benign effect in COMPOSING the dis
SenSi0nS which prevail among lhcn, and IN cSlab
fishing still more ultimate and ricnil! relation
between them respectively, md between each .
them and tho United States,
Considering the vast regions Ut ihiS continent
and tho number Of states which m"t'd be made ac
ccsSible by the free navigatlVp "t The rlvcr Alma
| 1ou, particular attention has bo,n gwen 10 TN
subject Brazil, through whose territories 1t pass
cS into the ocean, has hithetto persisted ~ pole,
SO restrictive IN regard 10 tho se of tins river, "a
to obstruct, and nearly exclude, foreign com'nct
cial intercourse with the states which lie upOu IT
tributaries and upper branches. Our minister I,
that country is Instructed to obtain Il rclaxati0n u
that policy, and to use his ciurts 10 induce th,
Brazilian government 10 open to cculmoh use, tlll
der proper Safeguards, this great natural hiShwa,
tor international trade. Several of the South a
moricau states are deeply interested in this attpmp
! to secure tho free navigation Ut the AmazDn, ant
il is reasonable to expect their cooperation III th'
measure. As the advantages Vt free cOnhhercla
-iutcrropr~--''sor u.rtiUr5s buttcr understood
more liberal views generally entertained as {,
The common rights OF al to the FREQ use OF thOS,
.. means which nature has provided for intcrnatioDa
| communication. To these more liberal AMI eli
IiShtencd views, II is hoped that Brazil will cun
| form her policy, and remove all unnecessary re-
StTictiU,,S upon the free Ut river, which ira
| yv;SvS many states aud 50 large II part of the
continent, lu happy TO inform you that the re-
public e." Paraguay and the Argentine ConIttcra
ton haya Yielded to the liberal policy still resisted
10y Brazil, III regard to the navigabc rivers within
their respective territories. Treaties embracing
this subject among others have been negotiated
with these governments, which will be submitted
TO tho Senate at the present session.
A new branch of commerce, important to the NJ
rcultugsl interests Uftbe United States has, with
| IN few years past, boon opened with Perm. Not
withstaudipg the incxb&usablc deposits vi guaue
upon the island 0fihat country, considerable Diff
culticS are experienced u obtaining the rcquisit,
supply. Measures have been taGcnto remove tbos,
! difficulties, aud to secure more abundant impOr'
tation o! the article Unfortunately, there has been
u serious collision between our citizens, who have
rcSUrted TO the Chincha islands for it, and the Pc
| ruvian authorities stationed there. REDRESS tor the
outragas, committed by the latter, was proWptl,
demanded 10y our minister at LIMA. This subject
is now u,dsr consideration, and there is t.
believe that Peru is disposed to offer adequate IN
deulnity t0 the uggreved parties.
| We are thus not only st peace with a iorcigl
countries, but, u regard to political aGairs, ART
| empt FROM any cause of serious diSquetGde in uui
domestic relations.
| The controversies, whichhavc agitatcd tlH couu
try heretofore. arc passing away with the causes
which produced thcui aud the passions which they
bad awakened; or, if any trace of them ronapS, il
may be reasonably hoped that il will only be per
ceived IN the jealous rivalry of all good citizens IL
testify their respect tor tho rights of the States
their devotion to the Union, aud their coiu,non de
termination that each OF the States, its UStItU.
tons, its welfare, and its domestic peace shaj be
held alike secure under the sacred GGs of be
| stituton.
! This new leauge of amity aud Of mutual conf
dence and support, into which the people OF tho &C.
public have entered, happily affords inducsment Il
opportunity for the adoption of more coniprehen-
! Sive and uuembarrassed limo Of policy and aeiiou,
10 TO the great material interests of the country,
whether regarded in themselves or in con,exion
with tue powers VI the civilized world.
| The United States have continued gradually and
steadily to eXpsnd through acquisitions of territory,
which, how much socver some of them may havc q
been questioned, arc now universally seen auG ad-
mittcd to have been wise in policy, lust in cbarac-
ter, and great element in the advauceneut q var
country, and, with il, OF the human race in free
dom, in prosperity, and in happiness The thirteen
States have grown to be thirtyone, with Relations
reaching to Europe on the one side, and on the
other to the distant realms ofAsia.
| am deeply sensible ofthc immense responsible
ity which the present magnitude of tho republic,
and the diversity aud multiplicity fits interests,
devolvcS upon me- the alleyation ofwhicb, so Ear
as relates 20 The immediate conduct Of the public
business is, first, III my reliance ON the Wisdom Il
patriotism of the two Houses of Congress; and.
secondly, in the directions afforded me by the prin-
cpcS OF public pulity, affirmed by our fathers of
the epoch of l79S, sanctioned by long experience,
aud consecratcd anew by the overwhelming voice