davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Calaveras chronicle., 1853-03-19
VULCAN FOUNDRY.
Steam Engines & Boiler Works

Steam Engines, 10, IS, 25, and As horse
power;
Boilers-tubular, fue, and cylinder.
Saw mill and Flour mill machinery
Quartz Mill & Amalgamating machinery
Steam Engines constantly on hand, or
made to order at brief notice.
Our engines are now running in every
section of the state, and command prefer
ence over imported machinery for strength,
simplicity and safety.
Boilers of every description furnished to
order.
GEORGE GORDON & STEEN,
Engineers.
Works, First and Mellus streets.
Office, corner Pine and Battery streets,
San Francisco. mhl2 3m
Calaveras chronicle., 1853-03-19
A BBEY, BOWLES & CO.'S

A BBEY, BOWLES & CO.'S
- FERRY Y.-The undersigned have es
tablished ferry, with good boats, on the
Stanislaus river, between Vallecito and
Murphy's on the North side, and Columbia
and Sonora on the south This ferry is on
the best and nearest road from Mokeiumne
Hill to Sonora and Columbia, and travel
lers going this route will find it far the
most convenient. 1t is seven miles nearer
than any other ferry.
my29 ABBEY, BOWLES & co.
Calaveras chronicle., 1853-03-19
J. M. scoFIELD.

NENERAL DEALERS in Groceries, Pro
VI visions, Liquors, SC, Main street, be-
tween Ell Dorado and Hunter streets.
- Orders from the mines promptly at
tended to. :,
- The highest market price paid for
Gold Dust. NJ
Calaveras chronicle., 1853-03-19
DR.. G. Fischer.

Member of the Universities of Berlin and
Rostock- Office Centre street, two doors
west of the America, Mokelumne Hill.
A supply of genuine drugs and medi-
cines, fresh, constantly on hand. feb
Calaveras chronicle., 1853-03-19
Henry M. SturgeS,

General Dealer in Groceries, Provisions,
and Liquors. Also, Mining Tools of every
description, Main street, opposite the Fl
Dorado Hotel, Mokelumne Hill. Jas
Calaveras chronicle., 1853-03-19
BadgIey s. Dudley,

New Law Firm.
AVOCATS. = ABOGADOS.
E. D. SAWYER. GEO. H. CAMPBELL
Sawyer s. Campbell,
attorneys and Counsellors at Lao.
Office No. Courthouse Row, Centre street,
Cup stairs) Mokelumne Hill.
Messrs. Sawyer and Campbell will at
tend promptly to any professional business
entrusted TO their care, in Calaveras and
the adJ dining counties, and before the Su-
preme Court
Particular attention paid to conveyance
ing, and all suits involving questions of
land titles
E. D. Sawyer, Notary Public n27
Calaveras chronicle., 1853-03-19
AMERICAN.-This fine

- AMERICAN.-This fine
;i;m building, formerly known as the
Empire, has been tastefully reft-
ted and decorated by the undersigned Mr..
Lamphear takes this opportunity to thank
his former patrons for their liberal sup
port hitherto, and solicits continuance Of
their favors for the establishment which
is now in his own hands. A plentiful sup
ply..of the best liquors, cigars, &C., can be
had at'their bar.
d25 D. C. LAMPHEAR,
Calaveras chronicle., 1853-03-19
l.. G. Root,

Successor to Kellogg s Root,
Dealer in provisions, groceries, wines,
ale, porter, liquors, sc. Also, mining inn
plements of all kinds constantly on hand
at the old stand. ja24
Calaveras chronicle., 1853-03-19

Union Water Company.
President, VIM. II. HANFORD.
Vice ditto, E. C. STONE.
Treasurer, DR.. WIN. JONES.
Secretary, RILEY SENTER.
DIRECTORS.
VOLNA SIBERIA.
ANDREW EMORY,
JACOB HANSELMAN,
n L. FIDDLER,
DAN'L A DICKINSON.
The company have now the water in their
canal ready for the use of the miners.
Murphy's Jan'y 80, 1858. fe5
Calaveras chronicle., 1853-03-19
Conrad PIatt,

Wholesale and retail dealer in dry goods,
and clothing. Main street, second door south
of the building formerly used as the Court
House, Mokelumne Hill. Jal5
Calaveras chronicle., 1853-03-19

NALAVERAS FERRY-We the
- undersigned, have established Ferry
at the crossing of the Calaveras, near the
Bay State Ranch, and respectfully solicit
the patronage of the travelling public. The
boat that We have put on this stream Is
large and substantial, and will carry horses
and wagons. This is the best and nearest
road to San Andres, and Sonora, &c
jams DAVIS & MOORE.
Calaveras chronicle., 1853-03-19
MIDDLE BAR BRIDGE.-Tht

MIDDLE BAR BKIDGE.-The
~ public are hereby notified, that this
Bridge across the Mokelumnv River. at the
Middle Bar, is now completed, built in the
most substantial manner, and can be conf
IDENTIFY relied on for the passage of the most
heavily laden teams There is besides q
good wagon road constructed on each side,
so as to avoid the hills, thus making it the
most desirable route for the great Sacra-
mento trade with the southern mining re-
gion.
Every accommodation is secured to the
travelling public. MKINNEY & co.
ian
Calaveras chronicle., 1853-03-19
Maxwell s. Brock.

Main street, opposite Lafayette street.
Wholesale dealers in groceries, liquors,
cigars, provisions, and mining tools Of all
kinds. de2O
Calaveras chronicle., 1853-03-19
CaIaveraS Restaurant,

Main Street, Mokelumne Hill.
THE undersigned, in returning
= thanks to his many friends and the
public for the patronage extended to him
since he opened the above named establish
ment, would very respectfully inform them
that he has just returned from San Fran
cisco, having purchased an entire new stock
of goods, the best the market of San Fran
cisco affords, and is now prepared to furnish
meals at all hours, on the shortest notice,
and in manner unsurpassed on Mokelumne
Hill The bar is stocked with the choicest
liquors and cigars. Strangers in town can
receive board and lodging inferior to none
in the place. JOHN G. WARD.
fe26
Calaveras chronicle., 1853-03-19
e.agE=c AEsn. EssEc

d8
TODD'S EXPRESS.
C. A. TODD, Proprietor, Successor
to Reynolds, Todd s. Co.
ON and after this date, c. A. TODD
~ will run Daily Express to and from
San Francisco; also, to and from Sonora,
Columbia, Mariposa, Aqua Frio, Quartz,
burg, Double Springs, Mokelumne Hill, and
all parts of the Southern Mines.
Gold Dust, specie, valuable packages,
&C.. received and forwarded. Notes, ac
counts, &C., collected, and oil express busi-
ness promptly attended to.
Stages leave daily for each of the above
places.
C. A Todd having purchased the busi-
ness, together with the good will of the late
firm, would respectfully solicit a continu
ance Of the patronage heretofore so literally
bestowed upon the old firm, and trusts by
strict attention to his business to merit the
same.
Office at Mokelumne Hill, in the Empire
Building, Centre street.
C. A. TODD.
Calaveras chronicle., 1853-03-19
ESTRAY NOTICE.

ESTRAY NOTICE.
Va Came to our premises on March 1st,
GA<EA~ one cream colored mule, white
star in forehead, rather small, stout built,
spots on the back, and a Spanish brand on
the left hip. The owner can have him by
proving property and paying charges.
THOMAS FULTON & co.
Carson Creek, March 4, 1858. mo st
Calaveras chronicle., 1853-03-19
v. #. Faures,
Col. PIatt

HAS returned from the State of Illinois,
= and will practice law, as heretofore, in
this county.
Offices at Jackson and Suffers Greek,
Calayeras Co., Cal. o23m 1m*
Calaveras chronicle., 1853-03-19
Thomas Stevenson,

Auctioneer for Calaveras County.
Office at No. 4, Court house Row, Mo-
kelumne Hill.
The best attention given to all orders, and
personal property appraised and sold, on
reasonable terms. mhl2
Calaveras chronicle., 1853-03-19
m ESTRAY.-Found among

M ESTKAY.- Found among
y9 the hills near Camp Opera, Two
&ANe California Horses, one large
sorrel, with fonr white feet, the other a
pinto horse, no brands perceptible. They
arc in bad order, having been left by oa
quin. The owners are requested to come
forward and prove property and take them
away. Inquire of E. l. BEATTY,
MIG Justice Of the Peace, in Campo Seco.
Calaveras chronicle., 1853-03-19
Agency of BurgOyne s. Co.
T. ROBINSON BOURS SEQ,

T. ROBINSON BOURS SEQ,
AGENTS, STOCKTON.
EXCHANGE for sale for steamer
to leave San Francisco on Tuesday,
February Is, on
Barring, Bros. & Co., London,
Hottlnguer & Co., Paris.
Phoenix Bank. New York.
Burgoyne & Plume, New York.
John E. Thayer & Bro, Boston,
Canal Bank, New Orleans,
L. A. Benoist & Co., ST. Louis.
1 Highest price paid for Gold Dust
Stockton, Sept. 6, 1852. sell If
Calaveras chronicle., 1853-03-19

STEEP GULCH-The water still runs
here, and few miners are busy, making
good wages.
Calaveras chronicle., 1853-03-19

DISSOLUTION OF CO-PART-
- NERSHIP.-T Copartnership here
tofore existing under the firm and style of
ssMarcus & King" is dissolved this day
by mutual consent.
The business of the firm is to be settled
by Henry King. who is alone authorized to
sign the name Of the firm in settlement.
JULIUS MARCUS.
HENRY KING.
Mokelumne Hill, March Is, 1853. 1913
Calaveras chronicle., 1853-03-19
A. B. LafOrge,

County Treasurer Calaveras County
Office No Courthouse Row, up stairs,
Centre street. my1
Calaveras chronicle., 1853-03-19

TIN AND STOVE SHOP, Main
= street, nearly opposite Wade & Fow-
ler'S.-Stoves, tin ware, mining tools, &C.,
constantly on hand, and for sale on reason
able terms. All kinds of job work prompt
ly attended to.
PUMPS.-Foree and lifting pumps, on
hand and to order. Tom aud rocker plates
punched or in sheets.
n22 tt SINCLAIR & co.
Calaveras chronicle., 1853-03-19
s. III. MarIette.

County Surveyor and CiUil Engineer.
Office, No. l Court House Row, in tn
County Clerks office. jas
Calaveras chronicle., 1853-03-19
Eel Dorado stables.

IA The Ell DORADO STABLES
1 are large and commodious situa-
VIZ ted in the centre of the town, and
every attention given to the care of ANIMALS
left there. Hay and grain always in abun-
dance CARLETON T. WILSON,,
W. A. HOMANS
March 4, 1853 mr5 1t
Calaveras chronicle., 1853-03-19
S. ID. Ball,
John B. Hall s. III. T. Higgins.

Attorneys and Counsellors at Law,
Stockton, California.
Their Office is next to Weber s Ham
mond's office, Channel street.
fel9 3m*
Calaveras chronicle., 1853-03-19
ADAMS s. CO.'S
EXPRESS AND BANKING OFFICE.
n, nm

ADAMS s. CO.'S
EXPRESS AND BANKING OFFICE.
Main street, MOkelwmne Hill.
EEn DAar mr. Express . &@A
CKTON,
SAN FRANCISCO, SONORA, MARIPO-
SA, COLUMBIA, JAMESTOWN, &C., for
the transmission of Gold Dust, Freight and
Packages of every description.
Also, to and from SACRAMENTO, MA
RYSVILLE, and all parts Of the Northern
Mines.
Also, semi mi-monthly, to and from ORE
CON.
Sight Checks given on any Of our Offices
in California and Oregon.
TREASURE received for Shipment for the
ATLANTIC STATES and f u
ROPE. BILLS OF EXCHANGE
drawn on our Offices in
New York,
Philadelphia,
Washington,
St. Louis,
Boston,
Baltimore,
New Orleans,
PittSburg,
Cincinnati,
London.
Also, payable at the following Banks:
Mechanics and Farmers Blk, Albany.
Utica City Bank, Utica.
Bank of Syracuse, Syracuse.
Bank of Auburn, Auburn,
Bank Of Attica, Buffalo.
Rochester City Bank, Rochester.
George Smith & Co., Chicago.
Alex. Mitchell, Fire and Ma
rine lns Co, Milwaukee.
Michigan State Bank, Detroit.
Com Branch Bank of the State
of Ohio, Cleveland.
Clinton Bank, Columbus.
GOLD DUST delivered at the United
States Mint, and proceeds forwarded to any
part of the Union.
Our Express being the most extensive in
the United States, we can guarantee facili-
ties not possessed by any other concern.
NEWELL & co., Agents.
Calaveras chronicle., 1853-03-19
III. A. Carter,

Attorney and Counsellor at Law, lone
Valley, Calaveras Co., Cal. jail 80
Calaveras chronicle., 1853-03-19
MOKELUMNE EXCHANGE.

MOKELUMNE EXCHANGE.
= THE proprietor Of the Exchange
1iiiil will be happy to see his friends and
the public at his Hall. on Main street.
The best liquors, ale, &C., &c. The low
ers of good cigar can be supplied with
variety Of the most approved brands
feb JOHN P. SHEAR
Calaveras chronicle., 1853-03-19

$I7 per OF. paid for Gold Dust
At the Express and Banking House Of
ADAMS & Co.
Mokelumne Hill, May Is, 1852.
Calaveras chronicle., 1853-03-19
ScOfeId S Co.

T. c OSBORN.
The Middlebury register. [volume] (Middlebury, Vt.) 1850-1882, 1853-10-19

SENTENCE OF A BIGAmsr--At Cam
den. n. j. Nathaniel j. Bird, convicted
of Bigamy, and who acknowledged that
he had married twenty wives, was sen
fenced to ten years hard labor in the pen
itentiary.
Had the Judge who sentenanced him
ever read how poor Jacob worked four
teen years, and only paid for two wives
then2 At the very lowest estimate
this fellow should have been sent tc
work for hundred and forty years
That would learn him how to appreciate
such luxuries, for the rest of his life
He wouldn't get caught in vice gamy a
gain.
The Middlebury register. [volume] (Middlebury, Vt.) 1850-1882, 1853-10-19

observed word of remark, in your
last paper, in relation to this subject, to
which it may be proper to reply. The
want of premiums produced some effect
in lesseuing the number. for cxhibition,of
which there were fewer from other towns,
in comparison with last year, than from
Middlebury. There we're hardly fewer
of original pictures, however, on the
whole, and the quality of excellence was
superior. AS no premiums were offered,
may mention the Oil Paintings of
Mrs. johnson, and the Crayolithlcs OF
Miss Culver from the Mddicbury Sem
mary, beautiful Pencil Drawing OF the
former, the Crayolithics of Miss Clifford
of New Haven, the Crayon heads of Miss
Tyrrel of Shoreham. the Watcr-colorod
pieces Of Miss Porter of Middlcbury, of
which the winter scene was delightful,
as quite worthy of exhibition, as were
others suspended with them.
The fault of arrangement, spoken Of
by your correspondent, ought to be had
in view. Variety of location, as well as
of sly lie and character, divcrsi6cs the aim
of tho attention, and meets it with a
surprise, or invites it by contrast. 1t is
conceded that there is something of art
here, that falls TO the province of the
Committee. The number to come in
could not be known early in the day. and
after the hour of opening, those received
must be first pleased. But the absence
of Flowers and of much of other variety,
rather than of pictures, was the deficien-
cy which embarrassed the arrangement,
and left the sides of the hall compare
lively unoccupied Of elegant netting,
embroidery and other necdlc-work, and
of choice household manufactures gene.
rally. there was much less than is dcsira-
bic. though but little if any less than
heretofore. The increasing interest
in the County show calls for incrcas-
ed means of gratifying it. The ladies
have just begun to look for their fancies
at the Fair. Stimulated by the State
and other exhibitions, the expectation OF
the community is in advance Of its mate
rial perhaps, but not l think in pictures.
Now if the Ladies please, is the time
to think of this For tasteful or useful
household work, premiums are offered.
Were this department fully represented,
it would give the most varied and gene
raj qualification, and Flowers and PIC
lures, in plenty, under similar stlmu'
lus. would come in for its embellishments.
\ MEMBER OF TIE COMMITTEE
The Middlebury register. [volume] (Middlebury, Vt.) 1850-1882, 1853-10-19

CnLoaoToRMiyG BEEs.-Mr. D.
Smith, in letter to the Edinburgh
Courant, thus describes his discovery
OF chlorororming bees -
The quantity of chloroform required
Tor an ordinary sized hive, is the sixth
part Of an ounce. My mode of opera.
lion IS as follows Il set down table
opposite to, and about four feet distant
IRON the hive on the table | spread a
thick linen cloth in the centre of the
table l place small shallow breakfast
Plate, which / cover with piece of
wire cause, to prevent the bees coming
IN immediate contact With the chloro-
from. now quietly and cautiously
litI the hive from the board OIL which
1t was standing, set it down on the top
Of the table, keeping the llate in the
centre cover the hive up closely with
clothes, and III twenty minutes or so,
the bees are not only sound asleep,
but contrary to what have seen when
they are suaocatcd with sulphur, moi
enc IS left among the combs the whole
Of them are lying helpless on the table,
You now remove what honey You :hinb
tit, replace the hive in its old stand
and the bees, as they recover, will re-
turn to their domicilc. A bright calm
sunny day is the best: and You should
commence your operations in the morn
ing, before many ofthem are broad.
The Middlebury register. [volume] (Middlebury, Vt.) 1850-1882, 1853-10-19

AMERICAN BOARD OF COMMISSION
ERs,-The iorty-tourth anniversary OF
the American Board OF Commissioners
for Foreign Missions. commcnced IN
Cincinnati, Ohio, on MONDAY, the -.
inst. The Board meet under ciicuui-
stances the most cheering Its dep.
is emf ely paid of, and there is Il oa.-
ance in the treasury OF over $1,000.
The receipts this year have exceeded
the estimates by nearly $4,000. an
unusually large number OF Missionaries
(40) have been sent out this ycAi, aud
Is others are under appointment The
reports from the missions, aenrraIi. {,
are quite encouraging, and iull oi pro
mise for the future. The Board has
under its care no less thai Is diStinct
missions, with 149 stations and outs a.
tions, and 621 laborcrs, who have the
care OF 100 churches, nearly 26,0Uo
church members, over $4,000 pupils
in schools, and IL printing presses
Such are some of the fruits Of "A
years labor.
The Middlebury register. [volume] (Middlebury, Vt.) 1850-1882, 1853-10-19

E1y~ An Editor while recently tray
Cling, had his wallet distracted from
his pocket by an adroit lickpockct,
while INDUCING i'll short nap. The
thief was SO disgustcd with the result
ofhis exploit, that he returned the
plumber by express, to the address
written inside the wallet, with the fol-
lowing note;
= You miserable skunk, hears your
pocket book. | don't keep no such.
Fur man dressed as well as you was
to so round with a wallet with nuthir
in it but lot of noospaper scraps
a iyury tooth comb, two noospapel
stamps, an a pass from ralcrode d.
rectur, ia cOntemterblo impursitior
on the public. As hear your ed
itur, | return your trash. l nevel
robs any ony gentlemen"
The Middlebury register. [volume] (Middlebury, Vt.) 1850-1882, 1853-10-19
For the Register,
Grapes.

Having, for few years, appointed a
time to accommodate those, who wished
to procure slips of grapes, it seems now
to be expected, that l shall continue the
practice. If persons call at an appoint
ed time, it gives very little trouble, aud,
unless they wish to purchase bearing
vines, or those that will soon bear, ac-
commodate friends or strangers with
pleasure and gratis of course. | seldom
scruplc TO take a consideration for vines
with roots, especially bearing vines. l
can furnish slips Of rare kinds to those,
who wish to cultivate a great variety
such as Golden Chasselas or Royal Mus
cadino, Espcrione, Whine, Bland, &C.
The Lyman, sometimes called the Nc
Neal or Benton is the best grape in the
The Middlebury register. [volume] (Middlebury, Vt.) 1850-1882, 1853-10-19
WASHINGTON. Oct. LIP. NJ.


Lorenzo b. Shepard and Fernando
Wood arrived here last night. 1t is re-
ported that tie object of their visit is to
effect a practical demonstration of Mr.
Guthric's letter to Collector Bronson
but that while the powers that be, are
willing to write another letter, they do
not regard the applications from malcon-
tents for practical acts by themselves
with great favor The warfare seems
to be sort of Chinese contcst-great
hourishing of swords and noise of gongs,
but no blows. Messrs Shepard and
Wood look dissatisfied.
Father Richie is here in great dis
trcss "Thc skies amt bright, aud dis
affections will not subside"
Mr. Guthrie is squaring himself to re-
ceive Collector Bronson's shot, which it
is said, will be aimed to hit between wind
and water.-B'Valo Com. AdO.
We hope Mr.. Bronson will teach the
Secretary just how far he can go-and
where the dividing line, between com
mon sense and insuflerable assurance
lies. 1t is question of some import
ance to Office holders, whether all we
sing and say of liberty in this country,is
gas or golden truth.
The Middlebury register. [volume] (Middlebury, Vt.) 1850-1882, 1853-10-19

EoURcEs OF INTELLECTUAL POWER.
The greatest sources Of intellectual
power and progress to people, arc its
strong and original thinkers, be they
found where they may. Government
cannot, and does not, extend the
bounds of knowledge; cannot make
experiments in the laboratory, explore
the laws of animal or vegetable nature,
or establish the principles of criticism.
morals and religion. The energy
which is to carry forward the intellect
Of a people, belongs chiefly to private
individuals, who devote themselves to
lonely thought, who worship truth, who
originate the views demanded by their
age, who help us to throw off the yoke
of established prejudidcs, who improve
old modes Of education, Or invent bet
ter. 1t is true that great men at the
head OF affairs, may and aften do, con-
tribute much to the growth of a ma
tons mind ; but it too often happens
that their station obstlucts rather than
aids their usefulness. Their conncxion
with party, and the habit of viewing
subjects in reference to personal az,
grandizemept, too often obscure the
no5lest intellccts. and convert into pa
irons Of narrow views and temporary
interests, those who, in other conditions
would have been the lights of their age
and the rropagators of everlasting
truth - Channing.
The Middlebury register. [volume] (Middlebury, Vt.) 1850-1882, 1853-10-19

PRESENT TO HENRY WARD BEEcH-
ER.-The New York Evan Ielist SAYS
the Rev. Henry Ward Beecher, Of
Brooklyn, has been generously pre-
scented, by few of the wealthy mem
bers of his congregation, who appre-
ciate his services highly enough to de
sire their preservation BY due recrea-
ton, with some $4,000, for the
purchase OF country seat for a sum-
mer residence Mr. b. has according
" purchased a farm in the beautiful
town of Lenox. Mass. whereon he will
erect cottage for the occn. ancf OF
himself and family during the summer
months.
The Middlebury register. [volume] (Middlebury, Vt.) 1850-1882, 1853-10-19

At the close of the 30th ballot, the
House adjourned until Monday at 2 o.
clock, p. NJ.
The Senate to-day unanimously elect
ed Hon. CARLOS COOLIDGE, as President
pro tenn, the Lieut. Governor being alb
sent They also made choice of Clark
II. Chapman, Esq of Ludlow, for AS
sistant Secretary The following Stand
ing Committees were appointed
On Finance-Scnators Stevens Of
Caledonia, Buck, and Morse.
On Judicidry-Sqnators Coolidge
Stevens of Franklin, and Hoyt.
On Ciaims-Scnators Bog1e, Den
ison, and Powers.
On NEUTRALITY-SUSPICIOUS. Stone, War
ncr, and Watson.
On Agricuhure-Senators Harvey
Kimball, and Sleeper
On Manu5dctm eS-Senators Bailey
Millington, and Writer'S
On Military Affairs - Senators
Hyde Parker, and Gates
On Roads-Senator Hale, Hyde
and Colt.
On Banks - Senators Carpenter
Jones, and Rowcll
On LaM 1arcs - Senator Shaw
Wheeler, and Moody.
Without transactine other business
the Senate adjourned until Monday af
tcrnoon, at , o'clock
MONDAY. Oct 20. 8 o'clock P. NJ
The House assembled this Afternoon
at o'clock On the first ballot 1.-THE
3 st in ally Hon. IIoRArro NErpHAM
was chosen Speaker by the following
vote:
Geo. W. Grandey. S.
VIM. II. II. Bingham, .
ii. Neodham, ll0
Chalon +. Davcy, Wing, has just been
chosen Clerk pro ten, by nearly a I'M
animous vote.
We have not room for Mr.. Nccdhams
speech, on taking the Chair. If faith.
fully reported, it would be a rare treal
TO the reader, as it manifestly was to
the hearers.
Both Houses have adjourncd-cnough
having been accomplished for one day.
Whether the Coalition is to extend
further, and embrace all the Offices in the
gift Of the Legislature, remains to be
seen. j. II b.