The weekly Placer herald., 1853-10-08
European News.

Rn~A Il
under the Derby and DiSrae adn;n;.,.-
ton, on the 4th of November, 1855. wbsn
the representative branch of the IexisIs.
ture comprised greater number of no..
and inexperienced members than r.,
many years past. Under these ausncs.
it went OH until the 18th of the fol own
,nonth, when the o, erthrow of the D.rhss
administration took place, and new OK
met was formed by the Earl of Aberdean
On the Slst December, Parliament ad.
journed, on 10th February, 1853. j, ~.
assembled for despatch of business 3;rc.
then both houses have been cops,,n,,,
employed, and the course of debate H..
run through :natters Of interest to the mn.
tlon.
Sir Charles Napier was at the min, oc
death when the Atlantic sailed.
Admiral St. George Cockburn, died .,
bennington Spa, on the 10Th Aug, su.d
eighty-two. His name Is associated with
British side in the American war. and ="
the history Of that war We refer for bis
acts
Maj. Gen. Lord Saltoun is dead, as.d
69. de was one Of Wellington's init.
mates and brother in arms and served
with Moore in the Peninsula.
FRANcE.-A decree has been published
fixing the duties on corn, hreadstuffs. r;c.
and dried vegetables at 25 centimes nor
sllogramme. This rate of duty will =.
main in force till slst December nex,
The Emperor and Empress have yons
to Dieppe, and taken up their lodgin9x in
the Hotel de Vile. All the ships of war
ho oh ol L..
to assemble at Dieppe.
Ofhcers OF the navy are forbidden 10
wear any foreign order or decoration
without permission from the Emperor.
The Austrian Minister for FOREIGN AZ
fairs had sent to the ministers of the sev.
era Foreign Courts, the following:
AUSTRIAN Ph0TEsT AGAINST THE lTy,.
TED STATS OF AMpRlCA.-The following
memorandum has been communicated bv
the Austrian Minister for Foreign Affair,
70 the Ministers of the several foreiv,
cOlrt.:--
"lhe events Of the Cd Of July at Smyr-
m present in double point of view
serious deviation from the rules of m.
international law. The commander Of
the United States ship of war St. Loui,
threatened His imperial Majesty's brix
the Hn>sar With ii hostile attack, levelnS
hts guns against the latter, and ANNOUNCE
fng IN writing that it certain Individual
detained on hoar'l, and whose nationally
WAS contested between the agents of the
two governments, WAS not surrendered to
hlm at certain hour, he would take him
hy force. .. This act of hostility Was
committed IN the port Of Il neutral power
me friend ot the two nations. No doubt
the threat 10 attack the ship Of Sover-
e'Gn State, and which carries its fay, is
nothing less .han menace of war. Now.
the right to make war is necessarily,
and by the very nature Of that rybt, in.
herent III the Sovereign power. A rlgh,
ot such importance (>ays Vattel, Lau Of
Nate rs, volume, 2, book 8, chapter ~
the right of Judging whether n nation has
real subject of comp amt, if it be Case
to use force to take jnsty-if prudence
permits it-if she good of the State re-
qulres lt-this right, say, can only belong
10 nation or TO eAe Sovereign hich rep~
reSents IT, H ~ MI slouM among the
na'ishcr of those right without whi-h S.
Government cannot be conducted in H.
@a'utary manner, and which is called the
right of MH#Sty.' The founders of the
Eepublia of the United States Of Ameri-
ra have fully acknow !adged, from the
commencement Of the Union, the rights
reserved for she Sovereign power. The.
articles OF confederation and perpetual
union between the States of New Hump
shire, massachusetts,, Sc, of the 9th of
July, l773, contain the following stpu|a-
tl"nN: he Congress of the United States
shall alone, and exclusively, exercise the
right of declaring war and making peace"
" MS basis Of the public law of North
America has been maintained and sane
toned by the Constitution of the United
States Of the Nth Of September, 1857,
which, in the 9TH section explicitly re-
serves to the Congress the pow er of de-
claring war. The Constitution Of the
United States is in this respect in perfect
harmony with the public law of Europe.
But this right, which is reserved for the
Supreme Power of each State, would be
lI,usory and null if the commanders of
naval forces or others were authorized,
either explicitly or tacity to undertake
either at their own suggestion, or at the
command or with the assent of dip po-
matte or consular agent, acts of hostility
or of war against the ships or troops OF
another nation, without special order
from the supreme authority OF their coun-
try, notified in the terms prescribed y the
laws of nations. 1t is impossible that the
regular government of the civilized world
ShOIlI6 % v hn,r Ds;t