Sunbury American. [volume] (Sunbury, Pa.) 1848-1879, 1853-10-22
Tbe .1flio0le Goal flclo.
From the New York Herald.
GOALS OF THE MIDDLE REGION ON EXIII-
BITION AZ TIE CRISTAL PALACE.


J. ment, under the supervision of Prof. Siiman.
The collection Of specimens is so vas, and
5 varied representing so many great interests,
~ that the visitor is at once struck with the
Q power, grandeur, and wealth Of the nation ia
minerals J yet embedded in the bowls Of the
o earth The deposit of leading magnitude
and importance TO this county, is coal We
propose, therefore, TO consider to-day, the
Black Diamond, as this mineral is commonly
called
There a:e three distinct species Of coal
known, viz: Anthracite, BiluminonS, and
Camel Coal but there is, Geologisis tell US
an almost indefinite number Of varieties,
occupying every possible shade Of difference
: between The most perfectly formed aulhra-
cite on The one hand and Of camel on the
other. They rnn into each other, writer
on The subject observes, By snch slight varia-
tions, that il is almost impossible to tell 10
which species certain varieties belong
Providence has Tins, as in all his works,
shown the benevplence Of His character by
furnishing US with as great variety, in this
Auue' pO''huN lhNij as 'iN'O - lI AhC HS'S
TO which it is 10 be applied. There is no
one kind of coal lha, will answer for all
purposes, nor is there any kind that is use
less, or unsuiled TO some purpose. 1t Is for
the want of the know. edge of these facts
that people often pronounce certain kinds OF
coal poor, or even worthless; because they
do not compoIt themselves in the same man
ner in the fire that other coaIstlo with which
they are acquainted. Every variety of coal
is suited to the production of some specific
effort, aud requires a corresponding variety
in the treatment of lis conclusions. 1t is
not pretended that ali kinds Of coal are OF
equal value any more than that all kinds OF
wood are Fifty years ago Anthracite coal
: was thought TO be utterly useless, because it
would not burn in the CRATES then in use :
burn until the last great counagraion. But
a small change in The form of the CRATE, soon
showed il to be the mos, valuable fuel ever
known.
This country, however, is not only favored
with every va riety Of coal, bul has an area
Of square miles twelve times greater than
any other country. The coal fields of the
United States embrace an area Of 1873, 500
square miles; those of Great Britain aud
Ireland only 1850; those of Spain 3,40S {;
France 1,7I0. The British North American
E Colonies which have an area Of $4,000
square miles, is the territory tha, ranks next
to The United States, aud that, in comparison;
falls into insianiGcauce.
OF the 1873, 500 square miles of coal land
in the United States, Pennsylvania has about
10000 miles, or one.third of its entire area.
Within the state is embraced Anthracite,
- Buuminous and BiluminouS coal
while the other coal states are almost en-
. cIusiyeIy made up of the Biluminous and
r Camel species. The Anthracite regions Of
: Pennsylvania, though comparatively nothing
in superficial area, placed by The side OF the
Biumiuous lands, falling short Of 400 square
!, miles, produce more tons of fuel than the
= almost bouudless fields Of Btuminous coal
t scattered over the twelve states. The great
depository of Anthracite, in this state, which
Taylor in his statistical work, regards as the
only one, in fact of material value on this
continent, and which forms the most inter.
es,ng asSemblage of isolated coal basins that
the world has yet Produced, or the gcologis
Of investigated, is divided into three distinct
coal fields.
At They lie in the counties of Schuylkill
y Dauphin, Lebanon, Carbon, Northumberland
: Luzerne and Columbia, and are wstered by
s the Susquehanna, Schuylkll and Lehish, an,
h their numerous tributary branches. They
i are called:
:. 1st The Schuykill or Southern Region
|, which extends from the Lehlgh, near Maucl
Chunk, on the east, to its western terminus
= Il at Danphin on the Susquehanna-a distance
W of about sevenly-fve miles with width a
its greatest breadth Of six miles.
e. End. The Middle or Shamokin Region
extends from Buck Mountain, on he Lehigh
OF to The Mahanoy, ten miles from the Susque
n hanna--in length about so miles.
Sd. The Wyoming, WiIkesbarre or Nor
- thern Region, extending from its Northeastern
end, on the headwaters of Lackawanni
Creek, to It's eastern point at Shickshinny
on the north branch of the Susquehanna-t
IA distance of upwards of sixty miles.
" Each of these regions, as well as The btu
til minous and camel fields of other States, hav
By specimens on exhibition. Our remarks to
day will be confined TO those of the mddl
anthracite region of Pennsylvania. Ther
- are from this region some twenty-sX spec
mems taken from the lands OF the companie
on we shall presently notice. These specimen
oi though unpre,endingj and not Of the hug
i's bulk of others on the ground, will compar
m favorably with the best anthracite in th
nd Fair. In point of purity or freedom fro
% slate and earthly maiter-desideTaia of II
first imporiance-lhese Goals, Professor r
- gers, who analyzed some from the same bed
IVY says will rank with the very purest TO
met with in the anthracite country. This
. the decision of all persons competent 10 pr