The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1852-08-06

other pap,r, pub ishei at that port, to juno 9Th
The mos ST Interest ng intelg nee they contain is the
basis Of the re- or gam Of the Argentine Con-
fc 'eration under he supreme provisional supervi-
on Of General Ufquiza which We transfer to our
columns to-day; also, the proclamation Of Urquiza,
accepting this Important trust.
This rev basis of h. reorganization of the Ar
milne rerutlic CO pehends federal congress, of
70 deputies from each of the thirteen provinces, to
b, elected wi hout instruction. plan which will
place the cong as thoroughly under the control
OF Urquza as the legislative chambers Of France
are under the command of Louis Napoleon. The
Argentine republic, therefore, under this new
ganization, is simple military despotism. The
promises Of Urquiza all very fine. He has done
well thus far cons dering the circumstances Of his
situation--be promises to do well for the future;
but there is counting upon the despotc extreu-
tiles to which the intrigue of other aspiring milf
try ehicftai,s may drive him. Rosas set out with
the most yau.ibe declarations of patriotism;
but he soon lecame a fierce despot, and after
holding the strong hand of bloody tyrant over
tac people for more than twenty years, with SUE
Csc, he vas finally expelled on account of his re-
sIrictions upon trade. The internal provinces on
those great rivers Parana and Paraguay (Which,
united, form he Plata, were almost wholly ex-
eluded by his commercial restrictions at Buenos
Ayres, from their traffic with foreign nations. On
occasion, the Parana was so completely locked
up that the British and French governments
deemed IL necessary TO detail combined feet to
open the tight Of way, which they did, after some
hard lighting and the destruction of various forti-
cations. The result was that the feet returned
down the river, fol by several hundred trading
vessels freghed with valuable cargoes of domestic
exports. Notwithstanding this, il was the peysia-
lance Of Rosas in his mischevous and buudering re-
strictions upon trade aud navigation that ensured
the destruction Of his government
Urquiza appears to have proGted from the
example. I he new basis of the Argentine Coafede-
raey. embracing Buenos Ayres abolishes the tram
sit duties, which, we presume is equivalent to the
free navigation Of the Plata, Paraua, Paraguay,
and their tributaries. This il an important
commercial feature. of the new Organization
a step which, If followed up in the rgh5
way, viii soon swell the trade of the repub-
lie to ten times its present amount. In view
Of this trade, il is understood that commissioners
from each of the governments of Great Britain and
France have cen despatched to Buenos Ayres,
though at the la, accounts they had MOI yet arrived
there. We ais understand that instructions Of a
commercial character have been despatched from
Washington 10 Charge at Buenos Ayres, in rcfe-
renee to the advantages which may suggest them
selves to our traffic with the vast and prolific country
tributary to that port. Our trade with the Argcn-
tine republic, in 1851 amounted in the imports from
that country, chiefly raw hides and wool, to three
millions and half of dollars while our exports in
exchange reached only to fraction over half a
million, chiefly in coarse cotton goods, leaving ba-
lance against US, to be supplied in cash, of nearly
two millions and half Of dollars.
This is poor exhibit of Amercan enterprise; and
it is attributable, in very great degree, to in-
difference and on the part of our government,
and government officials abroad, to our commercial
interests-a general indifference and neglect which
is more remarkable in the various States Of
South America than any where else. On the other
hand, the commercial sagacity and vigilance Of
the British govern ment have been particularly sue
cessful in securing to British merch ants the lions
share of all the trade Of the South American CONT
nent. In Buenos Ayres, they substantially held
the monopoly of the trade Of the Plata aud its
mighty tributaries, under the despotism Of Rosas;
and now, with the government of Urquiza,
unless some special interest is shown in the matter
by our cabinet, we may expect to be again ruled
out by the superior activity and tactics of British
commercial diplomacy. Instead of our half million
exports to Buenos Ayres, they should at least be
equal to our IMPORTS and with very little help
on the PAL Of our government in its diplomacy, the
aggregate Of exports aud imports might easily be
augmented, in a single year, to ten or even fifteen
millions of dollars. With the same privileges, we
can furnish most if not all, the imported articles
in
features, of good qualities, and as cheaply, as
England Instead of doing it, however, we find, by
the British Packet, that while there were twenty
eight British vessels in the port of Buenos Ayres,
nineteen Spanish, ten Sandman, and six French,
there were only three ships on the list from the
United States.
The truth is, that if we wish to extend our com
mercial intercourseif we desire to increase our
commercial exehanges-to open ne markets, AID to
compete, even on the American continent, with
Great Britain, our government must lend help
ing hand, in giving some particular attention to
commercial interests abroad. The neglect of
this important duty has given to England the sub
stsntial control of Central America, Mexico, and
the whole continent Of South America.
An opportunity is now offered for the basis of an
enlarged traffic with the Argentine yepublic and
if the administration is not wholly absorbed in the
Goldfish question, the Tehuantepec question, the
Greek question, and the joint protectorate with
England over Central America, we trust II will be-
stow special attention, in a commercial view to
the fine opening for little active commercial
diplomacy in Buenos Ayres.
THE LAND REPoRMERs AND THE PRESIDENTIAL
ELEcTroN.-We publish in this days Herald, a re-
port e the proceedings Of a meeting of land re-
formers, who, under another phase, were known to
our readers as an g Industrial Congress" Perhaps
greater ct Of humbugs never yet assembled than
these same "ndustrials,' who, under the pretenee
Of menopolging all industry, we're the LATEST men
in the whole community-men whom you could not
drive to a Tdoy's work with q long pole. Before,
they wanted community Of goods, and called