The republic. [volume] (Washington [D.C.]) 1849-1853, 1852-04-19
r H b r E ? u BLIC.

T H b r EP u B Lie.
The Working Of British Free Trade.
Continued from Republic of Apil 6.l
Having already examined the trade Of the West
With the East, in reference TO the most compact
and valuable of its products, we now proceed to
show what 10 the movement OF wheat, flour, and
barley, the next most valuable, as compared with
Indian corn and other more bulky ones.
The receipts Of vegetable food, from all sources
on the Hudson, in the revenue period Of the Com.
promise tariff, as follows:
1910. IS4l 1912.
Tons Tons Tons.
Total. 269 900 100000 252 900
OF which
Wheat, flour, and barley $4,000 100000 10000
Bal. Indian corn, &c., $4,000 81 900 $1,000
We see thus that, while the products OF animals
Increased slightly, wheat, flour. and barley largely
decreased. and the inferior products of the farm
increased largely in amount, and still moro largely
| III proportion.
From ls43 to 1876 find great change in the
| opposite direction. The product Of animals in
creased largely, as has been shown, and wheat
| flour, and barley more than doubled, while the
port OF the inferior and more bulky products of the
earth remained stationary until the prospect of de
mand for Ireland, at the close Of 1916, produced
lS43. 1874. lS45. 1916.
Tons Tons Tons. Tons.
Total. 10000 33 900 100000 $4,000
Wheat flour, and
barley -. 2GI 900 295, 900 346 900 453 900
| Inferior ..... 35 900 &c. 900 $4,000 III 900
| We beg the reader now to remark thatthe in
crease in tons of animal and of superior vegetable
food, In these four years, was more than the total
quantity Of the same articles received in the last
year OF the revenue tariff
Amount OF io42 ................. .252 600 tons
Amount OF 1910 .................. oil 900 f"
Increase In four years .259 900 "
Need we desire better evidence of the wonderful
increase in the productive power Of the agrcultu-
raj population employed III producing food during
tue years IN which we were increasing rapidly
the production of hemp. wool. lead, iron, cloth,
and coal?
Still more remarkable was the change exhibited
by the crop of 1896 which TO marke. in ls47,
during which year the continued excitement in |
England maintained the prices Of iron and cloth, |
and enabled the manufacture Of both TO increase
throughout this country with great rapidty:
lS47.
Iotal. $40 200 tons.
Of which wheat, flour, and barley. .5S6, 900
Inferior articles Of food ....... .2i0, 900 tons.
From that date we find every thing remaining
nearly stantioary; and thus, precisely cease
to raise hemp to mine lead and coal. to smelt iron
ore, and to convert wool and cotton into cloth, do
we to produce food With which TO pay for for.
cgn iron, lead, cloth, and hemp:
lS4S. lS49. 1850 1851
Total. ..6l2, 900 6S9, 900 $50 900 s34 900
or which
Wheat, -four. and
barley. .46S 900 467 900 505, 900 10000
Inferior articles. IA 900 222 900 354 900 32I 900
We may advanta gcously compare the
growth oi the power of the West to maintain trade
IN animal food, and in the more valuable products
1 al he htlh tl.. t.r,H iii
cline under the tariff Of 1876
Crop. ls4l. Crop, 1916 Inrsass
Tons. Tons. Tons
Product Of animals. 37.005 66,l0S 29,lO3
barley cy..........,.2 10000 $4,000 $4,000
Crop. 1850. Decrease
Tons Tons
Product Of animals. ............. $4,000 I2IOs
Wheat, hour and barley. $4,000 10000
The population embraced in the district which
finds Its outlet on the Hudson has grown far more
rapidly in the second period than the fret and yet
the power to trade has not only not grown as rap
idly but IL has sbsoutely and largely declined un-
der four years o British free rade-the very years
| in which our power TO export food TO grow so
| rapidly that II was now to coun, by hundreds OF
| mlions Of dollars
There has. however, been incrca'e. The
coarser and less valuable OF the products Of the
earth now come to market by hundreds of thou
sands OF tons; and the last three years exhibit re
ccipt OF these to the extent of amos nine hundred
| thousand tons in the years from lSl3 70 ls45 In
| stead Of adding twenty five thousand tons TO the
export OF pork, as was done from lSt3 to 1916, the
| people OF the West now send the two hundred
thousa nd tons corn that would have been required
| TO feed the hogs that would have made the pork
and they pay the freight on two hundred thousand
tons when they might have paid IL upon only
| twenty five thousand tons. Why our readers
/ will ask, should they do thsl In answer we say
that, when the farmer Of Ohio protects the men who
mine bis ore and make bis iron, he protects himself
in raising hogs and cattle, and then he returns to
the land the manure yielded by the food fed on the
lond; and when he closes the furnace and drives
away the miners and smeters of iron orc, he
TO manufacture bic food into pork, and beef and
lard, and then he exports his corn, and gives bis
land no manure. after which he away him
self. In proof of this, we request the attention of
the reader 20 the following facts
| In 1876 the number Of hogs in Ohio was 4O5. .62l
| The growth Of that year was great,
that in lS47 the number was 100 900,
aud in the following year it was..... ST, 900
! Being an increase OF $4,000, or thirty
tree o. cent
In 1850 we find them reduced to........ ,529, ,7y7
And in 1901 to .....................,.l ,345. .sl4
below the poin at which it stock six years since
similar state Of things is seen in reference TO cat
tle which in 1850 were l.l53, ,5l7 IN number, and
! in 1851 only 995, ,l79; and the tendency Of things
being downward, We may be quite sure that the
number of hogs and cattle sent 10 market in the
next season will be greatly less than IL has been
in the present one and thus il is that British free
trade promotes agriculture. An exclusively agri.
| cultural population never TO any extent mantyoc
tpes it's food into pork, beef, butter, cheese. In
order that Il may do so, Il must have a consuming
population near at hand-the men who drive the
| shuttle and strike the hammer taking their places
/ by the side OF tho plough aud the harrow. With n
view TO chow the difference resulting from bringing
the manufacturer near to the agricuturist, in sc-
| cordance with the views uf Mr.. Jefferson, give
the production Of several articles, in the three States
next adjoining Canada; and, to show the delete
riOus effect Of separating the manufacturer from
the agriculturst, in accordance with the views of
| MIR. eI-Secretary Walker, We place side by side
| with them Upper Canada, leaving 10 readers
| to determine Tor themselves the reason why the
latter is compelled to beg for the admission of her
| products into the Union
OHIO. Nstc York
| Pop. ,9S0. .IGS. Pop. .097 900.
| Butter, (pounds) IA, ,ls0,I5s s2,Ot3,s23
Cheese IN $50 AS ~, 1856, ,905
Wool " 10, 9G07 l0,02l ,507
Vermont Upper Canada
Pop. 3l4 100. Pop. 723 900.
Butter, (pounds) II, ,l2S 095 J $50 400