The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1852-12-25

ard travelling thoUsand3 Of miles up the Amsson,
20 propose 20 Peru TO send Brsxllisn steamers TO
navigate among the Andes, her tributaries of the
AMAZON,
Besides this, there are the Chinga and the Tapa-
jos, with . dosen Other noble Streams lying wholly
within Brazilian territory; sons of them from
mountains Of diamonds, ard gold is 10 the beds Of
oil Of them. They are all strangers to the sseam-
boat Their sources are 90 completely lost in un-
known regions OF the vast interior Of Brazil, that
far better acquainted with the geography Of the
than with that Of these rivers; and yet,
seeing that and how, that government had neglect
cd them all, Peru could still be induced listen to
it's shallow propositions. &&
Nay there 10 the beautiful river of San Francisco,
which empties directly into the sea, and the head
waters Of which are just behind the frat range Of
hills in the of the capital of the empire With
ont having had the energy to introduce the steam.
boat upon the waters of this river the Chsva-
ler Da Ponte Is cent off upon this shallow mission
about the headwaters of the Amazon, which, by
faulty the dpomatists of Peru, it seems, could not
fathom
This attempt of Brazil to negotiate with those 1--WE
Amazonian republics, can be considered in no other
light than an ATTEMPT to stop the progress OF civil
hxatioD; for, to close the Amazon to commerce and
the steamboat is to shut out from that bepighted
country which it drains the lights of civilization,
the blessing, of Christianity, and all the elements Of
human happiness.
But the treaty! The Brazilian minister, I am
told did not hesitate privately to advance the sem
tiDeDt, when in Lima, that it was not the policy Of
Brazil to treat with nations powerful than her
self that in the Interpretation of treaties the strong
power always enforced its own construction, and
the weaker as invariably went to the wall
At any rate, shall show how faithfully Brazil
has acted up to this policy in the of this treaty
with Peru. By it each Of the contracting parties
pledged itself to give annually sum not less than
900 for tho introduction Of the steamboat upon
the waters Of the Amazon; and what has been the
result Why, this Brazil, as We have seen by the
Louza contract has taken this $40 900 of Peruvian
money, and given it to one Of her own subjects, to
establish line Of steamers uuder her own flag from
the mouth of the Rio Negro to Nauta-that is, il ia
TO run 500 miles through Brazilian territory, and
when it gets few miles into Peru to stop short.
But still Peru must psy the piper. When this line
reaches the mouth Of the Rio Negro it is to feed
there with sfreghts another line under the Brazil
ian flag to Para.
of miles Of navgable waters navgated by steam, is
made to pay Brazilian bottoms and subjects for nayi
gazing 500 miles Of Brazilian waters
have no pleasure in exposing this memorable
ricbeIy OF the court Of Brazil But she has arrayed
herself against the improvements and the progress
OF The age, and she has attempted by intrigue 50 to
shape the course VI events that she might lock up
and seal with the seal of Ignorance and superttion
and savage bar bary the finest portions of the eart
Science, commerce, and the wants of mankind
are beginning to call loudly for admittaucs there
and up the Amazon they must and will 60, for when
they call, the world is right apt to heed
The object of Brazil in negotiating this treaty
with Peru was, as we have s. en- by the Rio cores
poi dent of the ObsGuGtor, already quoted, to ex-
clude " this nation of pirates, as we are there sty
ed. from these water courses.
But the high contracting parties' as it often
happens to the wicked, fell themselves into the net
which they had spread for other feet; for they
not 10 have recollecsed the provisions Of treaty
which Randolph Clay, our mos5 skiful and accom-
plshed representative in Lima, had just nt gotiated
With Peru.
Only three months before the date Of this fuvial
treaty, that excellent dplomatist had negotia cd
IN Lima treaty OF friendship, commerce, and
navigation with Peru "
BY the tenth article of that treaty it is set forth
that
The republic Of Peru desiring to increase the inter
couree along its coasts by of steam navigation,
hereby engages to accord to any citizen of
the United States, who may establish line of steam
vessels to navigate regularly between the different
OF entry within ths Peruvian territories the privi
leges taking in and landing fright entering by
ports Tor the purpose Of receiving and landing
and their baggage specie and bullion carrying the pub
lie mails hing depots for coal erecting the
sary machine and workshops for repairing redttpg
the fesm vessels and all other favors enjoyed by any
other association or company whatsoever.
1t Is furthermore understood between the high con-
tscDg parties that the steamers Of either shall not be
subject In the ports of the other to duties Of
tepnsee, harbor other similar duties whatsoever
an those that are or may be paid by any other asscca
ton or company.
BY the third article 1t il agreed that
The two high contracting parties hereby bind
gage th. not to grant favor privilege or i'm
ion to other nations which hall also be Immediately
extended TO the citizens of the other contracting party
who fbal enjoy the grstuitous giving q com
pensst nearly possible of proporonste
effect he adjusted by mutual agreement if the coacss
sion shall have bsen conditional
And finally by the second article it is declared
that
The United States OF America and the republic Of Peru
mutually agree that there shall be repo,sl liberty Of
and navigation between thec pectiva terri
tories and citizens the citizens Of either republic may
frequent with their vessels all the coasts ports aud
mted and reside ia all parts Of the territory OF either
and occupy dwellings and warehouses and everything
belonging thereto shall be- respected and shall not SUBJ
ecteo 10 any arbitrary visit or search
The said citizens hha have full liberty to trade in all
parts Of the territories Of either according to the rules
estabsbtd by the respective regulations OF in
all kinds of goods merchan ize. manufactures aud pro
duce not prohibited to oil and to open retail and
shops under the same municipal and police regulations
Thus Brazil, instead of treating US out of the A.
n, has treated us into it, for, by solemn sti
pulatiens with Peru, American citizens had already
the right to- frequent with their vessels all the
coasts. porte, and places in Peru wherever foreign
commerce is or may be permitted.
And, furthermore, in this treaty Peru binds and
engages herself not to grant any favor, privilege,
or immunity whatever, in matters of commerce AMI
navigation to other nations which shall not he also
Immediately extended to the citizens Of the United
States
Thus therefore, this treaty Of sfuvial navigation
and commerce between Peru and Brazil has let us
into the Amazon far Peru let us in; for we
have the same rghs to trade upon her Amazonian
tributaries that Brazil has
. moreover, Ileu,enaht Hernuon informs me that
the vessels OF Brazil that go polling about the ANA
zon and its Spanish American tributaries in the
habit Of visiting all places aud ports r the repab
lies, without let or bindranee. They gather the
products Of The forest. and the staples of tho couu-
try dd l5itnn,-in short that the Brazilians enjoy
there perfect free trade there not being custom
house or excise officer in the whole valley, or
single restI amt upon perfect freedom Of trade until
you get down into Brazil
We have. therefore, in the Amazonian provinces,
and upon the AmszoIian waters of Peru, all the
rights and privileges that Baazl has, if we can get
there
Not only go: Peru, in 1850, published a decree
which made her Amazonian provinces for a while
the common property Of the world
When that gold ex ploring party, of which have
already mentioned returned with their 700 pounds
weight Of gold, washed in Qourds from the streams
of this watershed the ministers Of Peru wrote let
tiers and had them published, inviting all the world
tho xrashir.sa aEr eld h.