The daily union., 1852-07-04
Declaration or independence.
In cQNGREss. JULY 4. l77e.
The unanimous Declarations Of As Thirteen United Stats
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When, in The course OF human events II becomes ne
eessary for one people 10 dissolve the political bands
which have connected them with another and 10 assume
among the powers of the earth the separate and equal
station 10 which the laws of Nature and OF Natures God
enllte hem decent respect to the opinions OF mankind
requires that they should declare the which ppel
them 10 the separation.
We hold these truths 10 be self evident that all men
are created equa that they endowed by their Creator
wllh certain unalienabe rights; that among these are
llie liberty and the pursuit OF happiness that secure
these rights. governments instituted among men, de-
ymg their just powers from the Of the governed
mat whenever any form of government becomes de-
struciye OF these ends il is the right OF the people TO
alter abolish it, and 10 institute new government
laying its foundation such principles and organizing
lis powers in such form, as TO them shall seem most
likely 10 effect their safety and happiness Prodense ia
deed, will dictate that governments long established
should not be changed Tor light and transient causes
and accordingly, all experience hath shown that manl
kind are more disposed TO suffer- while evils suffer
which they are accustomed But when long train OF
abuses and usupatons pursuing invariably the same
oblec evinces design to reduce them under absolute
defpollsm, II IS their right it is their duty. to throw of
future security. Such has been the patient suferance Of
these colonies; and such is now the necessity which
consrans them to alter their former systems of govern
ment The history OF the present King of Great Britain
is history OF repeated injuries and usurpations all hav-
ing in direct object the establishment OF an absolute
tyranny over these States. To prove this, let facts be
submitted TO candid worlds
He has refused his to laws the most wholesome
and necessary Tor the public good,
tie has forbidden his governors to pass laws OF mme-
date and pressing Importance unless suspended in their
operation TIL his assent should be obtained and when
so suspended he has utterly neglected to attend them
he has refused 10 pass other laws for the accommoda
ton OF large districts of people, unless those people
would elnquish the right OF representation in the egs-
lature-a right neslimabs to them, and formidable 10
He has called together legislative bodies at places un-
usual, uncomfortable, and distant from the depository of
Their public records. for the sole purpose OF fagung
them into compliance with his
He has dissolved representative houses repeatedly for
opposing. with manly hnnness, his invaslons the
rights OF the people
TO cause others to be elected whereby the legislative
powers incapable of apnhilaon, have returned to the
people at large for their execise-the State remaining in
he mean tune exposed TO all the danger OF invasion from
without and convusions within.
lie has endeavored TO prevent the population OF these
States; lor that purpose obstrucng the laws for natural
zaon OF foreigners refusing TO pass others to encourage
Their migration hither, and raising the conditions OF
appropriations OF lands.
He has obsrucied the administration OF Justice by re-
iuspg his assent to laws for establishing Judiciary po
lie has made judges dependant his will alone for the
tenure OF their offices and The amount and payment of
their salaries
hther swarms of officers to harass people and
out their substance
He has kept among us, in times OF peace, standing
mics, without The consent OF our legislature.
He has affected render the military independent Of
and superior 10, the civil power.
he has combined with others 10 subject to a urs-
dction foreign to our constitution, and unacknuwedged
by our laws giving his assent 10 their acts of pretended
legislation:
For quaueIng large bodies of armed troops among us
For protecting them, by mock trial, from punishment
Tor any murders which they should commit the inhab
itants OF these States:
For cutting of our trade with all parts OF the world
m mr. NO IA nnax xuIfhn nnrrn
For deprivng many cases, of the benefits OF trial
by jury
For transporting beyond seas, to be tried for pre-.
tended offences:
For abolishng the free system of English laws in a
neighbonng province establishing therein arbitrary
government and enlagng its boundaries, to render
al once example and fiji instrument for introducing
the same absolute rule into these colonies:
For taking away charters abolishing our most val
liable laws, and altering, fundamentally, the powers of
our governments:
For suspendng our own legislatures and declaring
themselves invested with power legisate for in all
cases whatsoever.
He has abdicated government here by declaring us out
OF his protection, and waging war against us.
He has pundered our seas, ravaged coasts, burnt
our towns, and destroyed the lives OF our people.
He is al this time transporting large armies OF foreign
mercenares, to complete the works of DEATH desoaon,
and tyranny already begun, with circumstances OF cruel
ty and perdy scarcely para eed in the most babarous
gaes, and totally unworthy the head OF civilized nation
He has constrained our fellow citizens taken captive
on the high seas 10 bear arms against their country
become the executoners of their friends and BRETHREN or
TO fall themselves by their hands.
He has excited domestic instructions amongst u.s. and
has endeavored 10 bring the inhabitants OF our from
tiers the mercess Indian savages whose known rule of
warfare is an undisunguished destruction OF all ages
sexes, and conditions
In every stage of these expressions we have petoned
for redress in the most humble terms our repeated pet
lions have been answered only by repeated injury.
prince whose character is thus marked by every act
which may define yant is unfit TO be the ruler OF free
people
Nor have we been wanting in attention 10 our British
brethren. We have warned them from time 10 time of
attempts made by their legislature extend an unwar-
rantabe jurisdiction We have reminded them
oi the circumstances of emigration and settlement
here We have appealed TO their native justice and mag
nanmty and have coDured them, by the ties OF our
common kindred, to disavow these usurpations which
would inevitably interrupt our connexions and CORES
pondence They, TOO, have been deaf TO the voice of
justice and consangunliy We must, therefore, acqu-
in the necessity which denounces separation
and hold them we hold the rest OF manknd-enemies
in war, IN peace friends
We therefore, the representatives OF the United States
of America in General Congress assembled appealing 10
the Supreme Judge OF the World for the recude OF our
Intentions do, in the name and by the authority OF The
good people of these colonies solemnly publish and de-
clare, that these united colonies and OF right ought
be- free and independent Safes that they absolved
from all allegiance TO The British Crown, and that all 20.
lica connexion between them and the State Of Great
Britain s and ought to be, totally dissolved and that
free and independent States they have full power 10 levy
war, conclude peace, contract alliances, establish COM
merce, and TO do all other acts and things which inde-
pendent States may OF right do And for the support Of
this declaration. with firm reliance the protection of
Divine Providence, mutually pledge TO each other
H. A. x.I mwzIL L,Az