Richmond enquirer. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1815-1867, 1852-12-07

90, I o.; ;r ,ra-l- al tie tn,cin entitled 10 pG-
,c,jnn Besides lrsr Specific objects, the general pros
c1i,v + our Sa,rs on the Pacific requires that attempt
ho.! DC Gaio open The opposite regions o! Asia 10 mu
;av intercourse II Is Obvious that this attempt
,nvI n ..dt ~ Ia power Great advantage hy The
United States w:o-. constitutional system excludes every
LEA q. distant cuigG.! t:IriLcntl,s nave accordingly
pee .! i. .c: M apTniltc naval force 10 Japan, under
the command al Discreet and intelligent officer n The high
rank known service liz Instructed Ia enGraSrT
20 obtain from The government U that country some re-
Ii: ON inospiiaLc and anti social system which
h.s ns"cG igr about centuries lie has bccn Directed
demonstrate i'll the strongest language
ui..st Ike cruel treatment Ia which our ship"cckrl
have Often been subjected and tn inss; that iir}
shat! tc treated with humanity He Is INSTRUCTED however,
al the SAME time give that government the nmrlcs as
the Objects OF the United States ate such and
sucG un!v have indicated! and that The expedition Is
friendly ard peaceful. Notwithstanding the jealousy with
w;c, the governments Of Eastern Asia regard all oyctrrs
from foreigners, without hopes u beneficial re-
su If lie expedition Should be crowned with success,
the advantages will not be confined TO the United States
but ~ in The case Of Chinu will be equally enjoyed by all
the maatime powers have much satisfaction in sta
IN all the steps preparatory TO ths expedition me
By Tic u3Gd offices Of the King of the Netherlands the only
European power having any commercial relations with
Japan.
IN passing from hi, survey of foreign relations, in
vte the attention OF Congress 10 the condition oil that de-
bar nent the Government 10 which this branch OF the
bubble business entrusted Oar intercourse with foreign
has of late years greatly increased, both IN conse.
uuence II growth and The introduction OF many
new States into the family of nations In this way the De-
~. State has become OSeTOurGcncu IL ny !e
establishment OF The Department vi thc interior
been relieved Of portion OF the domestic business II
the residue Of the business of that kind such as The dls
button Of Congressional documents The Keeping, publishing
and distribution of the laws Of the United States the exc
cuton the copyright law the subject of reprcycs ana
pardons and other subjects relating 10 interior admin
stralon, should be transferred from the Department Oh
State would unquesonaby be for the benefit Of the pub
lie service would also suggest that the building appro
prared the Stale Department is not fire proof nat mere
reason think there defects in lts construction anu
that the archives CT the Government in charge 81 Inc De-
partrnrn with the precious collections Of the MANUSCRIPT
papers OF Washington, Jefferson, Hamilton Madison, ana
Monroe exposed 10 destruction by re siliar &c
mark may he made of the buildings appropriated to III: war
ard Navy Departments.
The condition OF the Treasury is exhibited IN INC amman
report from that Department
ending 30h June last, exclusive OF trust unGs were
forty. millions hundred and wentY-ei@nt tuou
sand three hundred and eighty six dollars and clShV-hh
cents Si972S 1856 S9) aud the expenditures lnr it same
r;n3 tewise exclusive of trust funds forty six mil
lions seven thousand eight hundred and ninety six dollars
ard twenty cents (46OO7 $50 2O OF which nine millions
four hundred and ftyh thousand eight hundred anG nj
teen dollars and eighty three cents 4555l5 83 was on c
count Of tho principal and interest OF The public debt incu
ding the last nsument Of the indemnity 10 Mexico under
The Treaty Of Guadalupe Hidulgo, leaving balance OF
S4G3236 81 in tho Treasury The first day OF July last
Since this latter period further purchases of The OF
the public debt have been made 10 the extent OF Two mil
lions four hundred and ysx thousand five hundred and
forty dollars and orty:nc cents, e. i5b5iI 49 and
surplus in the Treasury will continue TO be applied 70
that object whenever The stock be procured within the
limits, 10 price, authorized BY law.
The value OF foreign merchandise imported during Inc
last fiscal year hundred and seven millions two
hundred and forty thousand hundred and one dolis,
1927 240 1918 and the value Of domestic productions en-
ported hundred and forty nine millions eight nun
ed and sixty thousand nine hundred and eleven dol
lars (Sl49 col GLIB besides seventeen millions two hundred
and four thousand and twenty six dollars iu4u-o) OF
foreign merchandise exported; making the aggregate Oh e
rntr. exports hundred and eixly seven millions Sixty
five thousand, nine hundred and thirty seven doils
s67 O65 e37; exclusive Of the above there exported
hnnhrp nd
hundred and eighty five dollars 5O5o in spece anu
imported from foreign ports five millions two hundred ana
sixty two thousand ak hundred and forty lhTec uosS
Is 262 Gl3)
In nay first annual mcssaget Congress- called your at
eniinn what seemed 10 some detects IN the present
tariff and recommended such notifications Us IN ny Jndg
men were best adapted remedy lis evils and promote tie
prosperity of the country Nothing has since occurred 10
change my views this important question.
Wi hout repeating The arguments contained in my former
message, in favor .! discriminating, protective duhes
deem my duty call your attention TO one or two other
considerations affecting tins subject The hrst IS the effect
large importation ol foreign goods upon our currency
Most of the gold Of California, fast II IS coined, hhd5
its way directly 10 Europe in payment for goods purchased
In the second place, as our manufacturing ESTABLISHMENTS
arc broken down BY competition with foreigners tic capital
invested in them lost thousands o honest and Industrious
citizens thrown out OF employment, and the farmer !"
that extent is dePr we'd Of 'e market Tor me SAFE o. MS
surplus produce lii the Third place. The destruction o our
leaves The foreigner without competition IN
market and he consequently raises The price o. e ar
cIc ser here sale in the Increased cost
of iron impocd from England The prosperity and wealth
Of every nation depend upon lis productive industry
The farmer is stimulated TO eSeron by finding ready mar
ke Tor surplus puucls and benefited by being MALE 10
exchange them without loss OF time or expense nl ahs-
pouii5n Tor the manufactures which his comfort or con.
veRieace requires This is always done to me beat ndVa
where portion Of the community in which nc ives Is
engaged in pursuits Bot most manufactures require
an amount Of capital and practical ski which cannot BE-
commanded uncss they IL protected for Time IRON rum
ous cuno.tiliu from abroad Hence tho necessity OF lay
III. duties upon imported goods which the Consn'
ton authorizes for revenue, in such manner as 10 o'ec'
AMI encourage the labor Of own citizen Duties now
ever should be fixed at rate 80 high as 10 cxcnde the
foreign article but should DC so graduated as TO e:aHie IN"
dumrsc manufactures fairly 10 compete win the foreigner
markets. and by this competition 10 reduce me
price manufactured article 10 the cnnsulcr 10 ne
lowest which II DC produced. lhis polcy "oua
place lie mechanic by the side Of he farmer, create nu
tua interchange Of their respective commodities and mus
stimulate the industry of The whole country and render Us
independent Of foreign nations for the supplies required by
the habits necessities OF the people.
Another question: wholly independent OF protection pre-
scrs ITSELF and that L. whether the duties levied should DC
upon the value OF The article al the place OF Shipment or
where il is practicable specific duty, graduated according
quality ascerained by weight or measure Al our
duiles present al ,aiorem certain per centa@c
led on the price of the goods the port OF shipment In
foreign country. Most commercial nations have found i
Tor the purpose OF preventing raua ana per
lury make the duties specific whenever the article VI
Uniform value in weight measure as - justify such
duty. Legislation should never encourage dishonesty or
crime. is impossible that the revenue officers at the port
where the goods are entered and the duties pao stouu
know with certainty what they cost in the Foreign country
Yet law requires that they should levy the duty accord
ing 10 such They therefore compelled to resort 10
very satisfactory evidence IL ascertain what mat cost was
They take invoices of the importer attescd by his oath
the evidence of which lc nature OF the admits
q every that the invoices may be fabricated
aud The oath by which il is supported false by reason Z"
which The dishonest importer pays part only ol the duties
which paid by the honest one, and thus indirectly re-
cuYcs from treasury OF the United States reward for
fraud and perjury The reports Of tho Secretary oil the
Treasury heretofore made this subject show concusir9
these frauds have been practced TO great extent The
tendency destroy that high moral character for which
our merchants have long been distinguishes 10 deitand the
vcrncEt of its break down the honest I'M
porter Uy dishonest competitions and lnaly 10 transfer
business oil importation 10 oreisn and irresponsible
agents to the great dcirment of own citizens.
therefore again earnestly recommend the adoption Of
specific duties wherever is practicable, home vaua
lion. 10 prevent these frauds.
would also again call your attention TO the fact that the
prcst IL; tar III imposes higher duty upon the
material imported linn upon the article manu- tucd
the consequence Of which is that The duty operates
the of the foreigner and the discourage
neat 81 citizens.
For full and detailed information 10 regard the general
condition Of Indian affairs, respectfully refer you 10
e report OF The Secretary OF the Interior aud The accompa
aging documents.
The Senate having thought proper a,ify the
les which had been negotiated with the tribes Of Indians in
California and Oregon, relations with trn have been