The daily union., 1852-02-11

,p Of Mr. SEWARD all after the words Be il further
Issoyed,~ and insert the following
Rs.ols.d BY ne Snat qad. Hsa.s .ef Rprs.sntaltps,
Rat Wills the people oi tho United sym D. thzs with
s nations who STRIVING % establish free
oh sssSrss 10 each of them he Right to assse is owns
ialsma affairs in It's way, and establish alter or
.Sa, .ny ohs and they have nor seem nor
again see without deep concern, the violation this pfn
cIple ol national Independence. nHA
MI. CASS Mr.. President, The substitute propose
for he resolution OF the honorable senator from Rhode
Island [Mr CLARKEl leaves the field OF discussion as
broad il found II and that is broad enough embrace
a the questions, which so strongly excite the interest OF
hs American people the present moment arising Out
oi that fragrant act OF arbitrary power by which indie
pendence wrested from Hugary--an interest rem
dered YET powerful by the presence and the elo
anence OF that remarkable man who is now telling
through our land in burning words, the story of his
country wrongswords that fall ready ears, and go
40 kindlng hearts. $3.50
Nv objections to the original proposition are not 10 the
drawn from state
papers Of the best days OF the epublicfo their eer
nal Justice yield chserul acquiescence--but to the
narrow application il 10 designed 10 make of them They
met-apd were intended 10 meet--the circumstances OF
he country connected with our right 10 the new posi-
ton we had assumed member OF the family OF ma
lions and with which took place not long
afterwards but they went further The obligations
which subsequent events might impose upon in rela
lion ambitious prelensions, incompatible with the pub
lie law and the Independence of nations, they neither
foresaw nor defined. And thus is it that must push
our inquiry beyond these limits, before reach the great
question OF true duty aud policy now in face oil us
There always class OF persons, sir, who believe
there can be no hlm views where there hard
words and with whom menacing language is the
ure OF fmness. ned not say here how little founda-
there is for such opinion in personal in national
life but observe that this standard has been applied
my substitute in some ol the journals which haze found
nwant,ng
Mr. President il does comport with the character or
position OF the United States to deal in menaces with
their co-eIuas Of the world II becomes them, TO ex-
Al
others which they claim for themselves and TO maintain
them hImly when they come TO act. This substitute de-
cares unequivocay an opinion upon great question OF
public law, and there stops, leaving free to deter
mine upon course when the time 1t makes
known our deep concern at the violation OF great prin
cpe which expression you well know. sir. is the usual
phraseology OF your national communications for con-
veyng marked dlsapprobalion OF any measure which is
peculiarly unacceptable II is strong conventional con-
demnaton OF the proceeding.
In the brief examination propose to give TO the subject
before us, with view to practical results rather than to
proitless speculatons, have intention of entering
into the vexed question OF the origin Of international law,
into the true grounds OF the obligations by which
civilized communities required 10 submit TO it. as
sumo at once the duty OF all Christian people recog
Mise its binding force and to aid its operations, far as
they properly do it, Certainly back
this code TO universal legislative origin, trace
hack municipal statute to its local 1t grew
out the necessity OF regulating the intercourse between
independent countries, in peace and in and traces of
It's existence may be found n the earliest recorded annals
nations began by assuaging the horrors OF war.
and restraining the crueles of babarous conquerors;
and BY degrees from few simple maxlme IL has become
af elaborate system, co-extensive with civilization, and
appealing not less to the OF interest than 10 that OF
morality, by substituting fixed and Just principles for
hose wayward passions which, without such arbiter
would make The world one vast theatre of carnage
Ihe elementary commentaries OF wise and learned
men, the decisions OF enlightened jursts, and the discus
SONS OF able statesmen have built up the system and II
sa beautiful monument OF the progress and improved
condition OF society; for it has mol been fixed and i'm
muabe code but has accommodated itself TO the advan-
ipg pf he Vprld EaU nd
mesge were first its provisions like the wants it
designed TO meet; but these increased. it increased
with them, till II has become of the most useful il
not Of the proudest, works of the human intellect
Andlet no one Teproach it with inulity or Imbecy
because II is not always barrier against interest and
ambition but rather let be thankful that II is often
appealed and often efiecual restraining the tur
buent passions of nature And such is the force Of
public opinion in this the day OF its strength that even
when the provisions OF International law are evaded or
neglected, It's obligations are rarelynever, indeed
denied; but constructions for selfish purposes are
put upon itforced and false, il is true, but tribute
10 IFS worth, even while itsinuncons are practcallyds.
regarded. U .
1t well becomes and the principles Of institutions
oproess our eay to this great code OF public morality
and not merely 10 profess IL, but prove by acts and
declarations and labor enforce its obligations and its
observance IL is curious subject TO trace the changes
has undergone, even in very late years-almos all OF
which marked by the progress OF just opinions and
by meliorauons honorable 10 the spirit of the age II is
great engine for good but powefess for ev-a barrier
against injustice and oppression asserting the empire OF
The time has when we have as much right and
as much power TO speak authoritavey on this subject
as any other nation the face OF the globe. All we
want, while protesting the duty OF obedience, is that
other nations should equally obey it, There is none so
high as 10 be above lie obligations; so low as TO
be beneath lis protection.
We believe in the right and in the capacity OF man for
sef.government Not that he is everywhere prepared
ior institutions like ours. We know, while we regret,
thai be is not But we believe that he is everywhere
hied even now, for taking part in The admnisra
uoh OF political affairs, greater or less, IN proportion TO
hseSperence and condition; and lst everywhere, with
ume and Practice he may improve himself and his gov
eminent I'LL both become free the state OF society
Will permit And certainly the expression OF the warm
hope that this time will come and come speedily, con
msnt with every respect for other powers.
We claim no right 10 interfere IN their internal con-
9ins While we are firm believers IN our own political
aih, We enter into crusade TO establish II elsewhere
fogandsm no part OF creed, unless il be that
Fopagsndism which works its way by Lhe force Of
anpe, thus inviting the oppressed naiions oil The earth
70 90 as have done, and 10 be free and happy
ware. Blu, we cannot be Indifferent TO the condition OF
ihe human race, however widely scattered. And an
american can hardly shut himself up III his own selfish
COUSIN thanking God, in the spirit OF the Pharsee that
0 country better of than any other and be indifferent
,o,hs oppression, and and misery which CEN
% ss oaa governments have entailed upon so large
pluoh OF Inc earlh Unless the many were made Tor
heeW@tbe governed for the governorsour sympathies
soouu De excited, as those OF Washington, for
icy Ptopf unfWtpg The banner Of freedom, and
elpeed'them be uttered, not only in The EFFORT TO I'M
prove their political system but in the greater effort TO
- ahah % oy improving the condition OF the great body
nose iof whom governments are instituted. And may
MOI say as an English parliamentary orator said very
ior his country, THAT the sprt OF people -
WI freedom everywhere.p And may not echo hrs
snument and declare " that they would not rest salts
saqtuu tho IN. ~af,o 0G mol r.