The daily union., 1852-12-01

Il
sion shall have been conditional" Souees'
And hnally by the I'd article il is declared that
| : ihe United States OF America and the rennhl
reru mutually agree that there shall be reciprocal b.,ol
OF commerce and navigation between their
flioes and citizens; The citizens OF either
frequent with ihelr vessels all ds ecass port ma %
Of me other wherever Senque) foreign commerce Z
mited, anu reside ia all paris of the eTrtorv ~
and occupy dwellings and ware houses and
belonging thereto snail be respected and shall moi bs
Jected 10 any arbitrary visit or search - W SUD
1.-The said citizens shall have full liberty IN ,,.d. !,
parts OF the territories OF either accodisg N ,h ~
established by The respective regulations OF ,ass
IN an Kinds OF goods, merchandise, manufacnras
produce not prohibited 10 all. aud open retail @ aug
shops, under the municipal and roee ,ssn and
as native citizens" suahohs
Thus Brazil, instead OF treating us out OF ,bs A
z-o.n. has treated us into il for, by solemn spo.oa
win Peru, american eisens had already he ,igb, =
gaem "'f H'e" uesefs all the coasts ports and plae
Peru wherever foreign commerce is or NAV b
And, furthermore, in this treaty Peru hind a.,
cages herself not TO grant any favor pyess Gu
munity whatever, in matters OF comsierce an h'
ilon 10 other nations, which shall not be also
sreAdsd to The citizens OF the" United Sales
lhus, therefore, this treaty Of fayial nayiga,;on
commerce between Peru and Brazil has ls, d, in,a ~
Amazon, SO far as Peru let us in for we havs e -,
same night 10 trade upon her Anazonan Tributaries w.,
Brazil has '' 'nal
Moreover, Lieut.. Herndon informs me ,ba, ,ha 80,
OF Brazil that go polling about The Amazon and rs Sa,as
American tributaries in The habit OF visiting an
ana ports In these republics, without let or hnderan..
lhey gamer The products OF the forest and ,ha e,a
oi the country od Hb,tumin short tha, The Braz;Isa
ENJOY there perfect free trade. there not being cnaa
house or an excise officer in lhe whole valley or ;s
restraint upon perfect freedom OF trade until Won os
down into Brazil. 'oAse
We have, therefore, in the Amazonian prov;oca, -,
upsn the Amazonian waters OF Peru all the roh,s ,n
privileges that Brazil has, III WE CAN GET THERE
Not only SO: Peru, in 1850, published ,ec,ea u..,
made her Amazonian provinces for while the con,aa
property of The world ''on
When that goli-explorng party. OF which h,vs =
ready mentioned, returned with their 7oo nonoal,
weight OF gold. washed in gourds from the streams ~
TINS watershed. the ministers OF Peru wrote letters ana
had 'hem published, inviting all the world, in conss
auence as they said OF these discoveries OF the ora ana
washlngs OF gold in her province of Carabaya II con
and take advantage of them and make use of ba na,,
raj productions OF those regions and The world was a.
suredhat the emigrants of all nations going there h
have all civil and religious liberty
bu this invitation Tell still born because tha ao
with Their snow-capped submits. and the long boser
Gus and dangerous passage OF Cape Horn stood IN n
hand as barrier to keep out the immigrant by wsy o
the shores OF the Pacific, and on the other hand Rray
closed up the Amazon against his passage uo fro ha
Atlantic O cean Wv
Hence afIses the question of the dav--tLat of ho
free navigation of the Amazon
ihe question as 10 the free use for navigation of n
river which runs through the domnions Of mora ,ba,
one power Is familiar 10 statesmen Ii has been
settled upon the everlasting principles OF right long aso
and cannot now admit Of dispute
In Europe the navigation of the Rhine ia concedsJ a.
ight IN common 10 those TO whom its waters be,ono
In North America il is sht-:his free use OF water. I'M,
are common Property-which involves principle, very
dear 10 the people. The Mississippi is an us,ion nj
ihis iac Tor the people do not forge, that The month OF
that river was once in foreign hands thai threatened 10
shut 1t up to us OF the great West when we were own
ers OF lis head navigable waters only, and not Of in
mouth
IL is right which. in the case Of Texas, we pra.,;.
cally conceded to her citizens with regard 10 the Red river
without the asking, when she was an independent rs
public
1t is a right which the United States have ALWAYS
claimed with regard 10 the ST. Lawrence, bu, which we
have never thought worth a contention because for
all or rather Tor very great many. Of the practical pur.
poses OF life, our people have brought the commercial
NOUN OF Inc St Lawrence down BY railroad aad canal
IRON The straits o Belle Isle. and placed il at Sandy
Hook
Canadian merchants and English subjects pay tolls 10
our railroads and canals for taking their produce to New
York and market We there fore DO no care 10 see The
ST. Lawrence opened.
In South America it is a right which Brazil has as
serted on the La Plata, even 10 the ulinI rotloo
when she was one Of the upper countries
The United Siaies therefore, are committed 10 this
principle; and Brazil is committed 10 it,
We have conended for ii here on the north side OF
he Tropic OF Cancers Brazil has fought for il under Capri
:orn and we must both stand up Tor il together under
he Equator.
But 10 the case with on this side Of he ine there
were never more than two nations concerned 10 The nav
gaon OF single waisr-course. Here in South Amen.
"a there are dozen and this makes the case 80 much
he stronger in favor OF liberal policy on all sides with
regard TO this question.
10 case OF the RIO de la Plata, The upcountres which
tosas eui oil from the were, the Banda. 0ren-
ai, Brazil Paraguay, and Bolivia, not to mention Un-
quay, Coientes, Enire Rios Santa Fe and some half
dozen other States which were in such an anomalous
condition that one knew not whether 10 class them az
nations or anarchies.
In Of the Amazon there are five different reoubic,
10 the up county, with Brazil at the mouth Of The river
not OF these five has the means or the 10 force
her way down. and Brazil will not let them come down
peaceaoiy The Amazoa, therefore, presents question:
Tor which, as there is no riyer.basin equal 10 il,
here is no precedent.
We have the right from Peru to navigate her ,ribuia
ies y rs can get TO hsm. Bolivia is talking OF making
oers Stree 10 all asis the sea- Enao is inclined 10 DO
me same and both New Grenada ard Venezuela will no
DOUBT follow suit the moment they invited 80 10 do
we have heard Of the question before as TO oiee goods
ana Tree bottoms But here the question is whether
'lree ports make free rivers"
Suppose the fse Spanish American republics sbonld all
proclaim one or more o their river towns upon the ANA
lon Tree poFls to the commerce Of the world and suppose
n