Edgefield advertiser. [volume] (Edgefield, S.C.) 1836-current, 1852-03-11
Europe in 1851.

IcCo[us onfy INC general lendeDcleS al
few salient points of the years history
or tedious as it expands in wilderness
of details. We prefer the former.
In Great Britain, though some reduc
ton has been made in the burdens o
taxation, the revenue has not fallen of
The decennial census has revealed fact
of an alarming nature. Tho population
of Ireland alone has fallen back to wher
it was twenty years ago, the decrease b,
famine and emigration being counted il
by millions. People still continue to EN-
igratc in vast numbers,a conclusive com
mentary upon the system by which the
kingdom is governed. During the yca
the ministry have once resigned, on occa
sion of parliamentary defeat; but as nc
men could be found to take their places
they resumed office again. The Worlds
Fair has been the great event of the year
This unexampled exhibition lasted six
months, and was every way successful
The United States carried off full share
of the honors OF this great industrial
tournament, it being admitted that the
most useful inventions with which the Fair
made England acquainted came from
America. At the same time the schooner
America, yacht built in New York, beat
out Of sight all the yachts of the Royal
Club, and established the superiority of
American ship.building. Shortly after
the closing of the exhibition, in October,
kossuth arrived in England. He was
received triumphantly by the working
classes, and the more liberal part of the
middle class. His speeches, made at
public banquets and receptions, were adj
mirable, and produced a profound scnsa-
ton everywhere.
In France, the year has been mainly
occupied with the intrigues of President
Bonapartc to procure the abolition of that
clause in the Constitution which forbids
his election, and in the suppression of
those Liberties yet remaining to the peo.
;sSge sage on November 4, as last resort,
proposed the restoration Of universal sui
irage, in order thereby to bring the repub'
lican members to the support OF his
scheme for his own reelection. This
proposition was voted down in the AS
sembly, and then seeing that his ambition
could not he gratifed with any semblance
of legality, Louis Napoleon deliberately
executed one of the most atroclous
schemes Of usurpation ever recorded in
history. On the morning OF Decenlber2,
he violently dissolved the Assembly, ar
rested and imprisoned all the members
who would not acquicsce in his crime, and,
with mockcry Of universal suffrage,
called the whole people to vote Yes or
No on the question whether he should be
President for ten years with dictatorial
powers. st the same time he suppressed
all the newspapers except his own organs,
and declared not only Paris, but a great
number of departments, in state OF seIge.
There were attempts at opposition in the
CAPITAL and the provinces, but vast mill
tary force put them down with bloodshcd.
The end is not yet.
In Germany, the main fact is the COM
pletc restoration of the old Diet at Frank
fort. This body is to be strengthened by
the addition Of a federal police to its other
machinery and means of suppressIns
"anarchy and dcmagoguism." The course
of tyranny has been continued in this
country, while the people have generally
fallen into state of phlegmatic indiffer-
epce. Hanover and other States, which
have before practiscd free trade, have
come into the Zollverein, and become pro.
tectionist. The question Of the success
sion in Scllcswig- Holstein, on which the
late war mainly turned, still remains un-
settled.
In Austria, the Constitution Of March
d, 1910, has been abrogated by decree
of the Emperor, who rules henceforth by
his own absolute pleasure, as he did before
the revolution. This empire has had to
make new loan, on very bad terms, and
it seems impossible that it should escape
from open bankruptcy. 1t is already
bankrupt in fact. Prince Metternch has
rcturne to Vienna. Kossuth and his
companions were hung in effigy BY the
government at Pesth at the time that they
were set flee by the Turkish authorities
and allowed to go to England and Amer
lea.
In Italy, the year has been marked b,
the dreariest tyranny In Lombardy Thu
has been exercised by Marshal Radetzky
at Rome by the Pontilicial government
in Naples by the Bourbon who re'gn
there. The prisons have been crowded
with victims, who have suffered abuse
almost Incredible; and thousands, esPc
cialIy in Lombardy, have been put to dealt
on offences that, undera tolerable state o
, things, would not be deemed worthy o
notice. Never was all justice worse out
ragged than in the proceedings at Rom
, and Naples. As respects the latter, in II
dignation has been excited throughout tn
+ civilized world by the exposure OF tn
cruelties practised on men OF veneraol
age and high character, whose sole ohens
was belief in constitutional freedom an
attachment to the constitution which tn
,o,,r,L l,;ncrlf had granted and SWOr