The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1852-12-07

commerce
ported from the United States In 1901, vas ss2 20
bushels In sl2 So 700 bushels IN. sis nusoss
In 1880 81 1870 barrels In lsfo4l AZ 0si barrels IN
ls45-4s 3s $50 barrels In ls48-4I 4sss2 barrels In
1880 ST. A4l52 barrels During the year ending June l.
1850 there consumed OF about 600 bushels
in the manufacture Of malt and spirtuous liquors
According to returns Of ls40 the product OF
the country was 1se45567 bushels in 1850 IA 1888 631
bushels.
Among the objects Of culture in the United States,
maize Indian takes precedence in the scale Of
crops as it is best adapted to the soil aud climate and
furnishes the largest amount of nutrtve food When
due regard paid the selection varieties and Guilt
waited in proper soil 1t may be accounted crop
IN almost every portion Of the habtaee globe between
pondng parallel south. Besides its production in this
country its principal culture is limited to Mexico the
West indies Of the States Of South America France
Spain Portugal, Lombardy and Southern and Central
Europe generally. 1t Is also cultivated with in
northern sou therD, and western Africa i1dis Chime
the Azores, the MadeIas the Canaries and numerous
other ocean isles.
origin Of this grain 1t did not grow In that part Of Asia
watered by the Indus at the time of Alexander the Greats
expedition as it s not among the productions of the
country. mentioned by Nearchus the mander OF the
feet neither is it noticed by AraD Diodorus Columea
nor other ancient author and late as 49 the
year before Columbus discovered America Joan d Cuba
in his s0rtus Sanitats makes mention oft 1t has
never been found in ancient tumulus, sarcophagus
pyramid nor ever been repre ented in any an
cient painting sculpture work OF except in Ams
RIGA But In this country according TO Garcaso de La
Vega Of the ancient Peruvian historians the palace
gardens Of the lncas in Peru were ornamented with
maize in gold and silver, with all the gains spikes,
stalks and leaves and in instance in the garden of
gold sno silver there entire corned Of conside
abe size representing the maize in its exact and
raj shape proof less of tho wealth Of the Incas,
than their venera'ion for this important grain.
In further proof Of the American origin 1t may be
stated that this plant is still found growing in wild
state from the Rocky Mountains in North America to
the humid forests OF Paraguay where instead Of having
each grain naked is al the after long cutivs
tion, il is eletely covered With gumes huks 1t
is furthermore a well authenticated fact that maize
found in state Of cultivation by the abort
gines in he island Of Cuba it's discovery by Coum
bus as well as in mos other places in America arst
The first successful attempt cultivate this grain in
North America by the English. occurred James
colopists sent by the London company who
adopted the mode then practised by the natives which,
this country since The yield, at that time is
represented to have been from two hundred than
one thousand fold The same increase wa. noted by
the Rocky Mountains, when judicous,y cultivated
varies from 20 to lS5 bushels to an acre.
The varieties of Indian very numerous
exhibiting every grade of size color and conformation
between the chubby reed" that grows the shores OF
Lake Superiorhe gigantic stalks OF the Ohio Valey-the
tiny ears with fiat close ciinging grains of Canadathe
brsnt, rounded little pearlthe bright red grains and
white cob Of the eight rowei hamatethe swelling
Of the big white and the yellow gourd seed Of the South
From the exibity of this plant it may accmatized
by gradual cultivation, from Texas to Name from
CANADA TO BRAZIL but ITS character, either
somewhat changed and often varieties are the re.
suit The blades Of the plant Of great value
for stock and article but rarely estimated su-
GENTLY when considering OF the agricultural products Of
the Southern and Southwestern States especially
The increase Of production, from 1870 1850, was
2l4 100000 bushels equal to SO per eent
The production of New Engsnd has advanced from
993 Geo to 10 3 0O0 bushels showing increase of
1884 Geo bushels pearly fifty per cent New York New
Jersey Pennsylvania Delaware and Maryland increased
20 S1s 600 bushels than fifty per In the pro-
duction Of this crop Stste has refrigerated Ohio
which in 1s40 occupied tie fourth place pro-
ducipg State ranks the fret. kentucky is So
cond Illinois third Tennessee fourth This crop Of I-
nois has increased 0000o0 to $500 900 bushels
at the rate OF one hundred and sixty per cent in ten
years
or the numerous varieties best adapted to
the Southern States while others better suited for
the Northern and Eastern. Those generally cultivated
in the former the Southern big and small yellow the
Southern big email white ibt the yellow Peruvian
and the vrgnian white gourd seed In tie North
erly and Easterv States they cultivate the golden sioux
or Northern yellow flint the King Philip or eight rowed
elbow the Canadian early white. the Tuscarora the
white -four and the Rhode Island white flint
The extended cultivation of this grain is chiefly con-
fined the Eastern Middle and Western States though
much more successfully grown in the latter. The
amount ported from South Carolina in 17As 393oS
bushels; from North Carolina IN 1853 81 $50 bushels
Georgia 10 1855, 900 bushels; from Virginia fo-
several years preceding the revolution annually 600
bushels from Philadelphia in 1856 60 205 bushels in
1T71 $50 44l bushels.
The exported from this couatry in ITO.
SIS 34p bushels in 179l 064 $50 buhels, sos
Of which Indian meal in 1880 032 i35 bushels
S3S los of which In meal in 1910 IL 10 96o bushels
Sc IA Of which were meal. In iS20-2l there We're
ported 6t 2 bushels of and lS $50 barrels Of In
dian meal in lS3o-3l, 57l3l2 bushels Of and
2o7 eo4 barrels OF meal in ls4eil 535 1877 bushels of
corn and 232 2S4 barrels meal in 1S4546 2s6 06S
bushels of s7o0 barrels OF meal in lSt6-47
l6 36 $50 bushels OF and 9is $50 barrels Of &mest
in IS5o-6 426 Sl1 bushels of corn and 203 6l2 barrels
of meal More than eleven mil ions Of bushels of Indian
consume in 1850 in the manufacture Of malt
and spurious liquors
United States 3 5S1 sI5 bushels in 1850 6l2
buskels.
cisl grasses and the nourishment improvement it
affords 10 live stock may be regarded as of the most
impor ant crops produce It's histsry Il highly in
torestipg from the circ am lance that whe por-
lions Of Europe s formed into meal 1t forms impor
tsnt slimont T sort at least has been cult
waited from the OF Pnv account Of its fitness
article diet the sick The country Of its origin
is some what uncertain though CON mon variety
Is ssid TO be indigenous to the T.land Juan Fernsnd
Another oat resembling the cultivated variety is also
found growing wild in California
This plant was introduced into the North American
Cole MES after their settlement by the English 1t
by Go'nod the Elizabeth Islands in 1902;
cultivated in Newfoundland In IG22 and in Virginia by
BeIkley, prior TO 1913.
The oa is hardy grain Is suited to climates too
hot and too cold either for wheat or rye Indeed its
exbity great that Is cultivated With success in
Bengal low latitude twenty five degrees North bu.
refuses to yield profitable crops we spp oach the cqu,
tor. IL houristes remarkably we'll WHOM due regard is
paid the selection Of varieties throughout the In
habted parts OF Europe the northern ana central por
tie cultivated regions Of nearly all North America and
a large portion Of South America
In this the growth Of the oat is confined prn
cipally TO the Middle, Western and Northern States
The varieties cultivated the common white the
black the grey the imperial the Hopeo the Polish
the Egyptian and the potatoe ost The yield Of tbs
varieties varies from forty 70 ninety bushels
and upwards per and weighing from twenty five to
fifty pounds to the bushels The Egyptian CAT Is cult
waited touth of Tennessee which, after being in
tumD and fed Off BY oek in winter and spring yields
from ten to twenty bushels acre In the manufacture
ofma and spiuous liquors oats enter but lightly and
their consumption for this purpose does not exceed
co COO bushels annually in the United states
The oat like rye. has entered much into
foreign commerce, the domestic consumption has al
ways been nearly equal TO the guam ity produced The
annual average for several years preceding 1877
were 0(00 bushels
BY the returns OF 1910 it will be ses that the
total produce the United States 1913 OF bushels
OF 1850, 146 67S,S79 but heels.
The chief food Ibsps of third II the human
possesses the advantage attending wheat maize aud
other grains Of preer Ing plenty doring the cuations
Of trade and IL also susceptible Of cultivation land too