The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1852-09-25
Our Vienna Correspondence.

VIENNA, August q, 1852
Hs~gGriam Refugees Opinion of america, and
KossMh's Hope Of Success His Popularity in
Austria Deciiaiag-The Empcror's VisR 10 Hun
gary-Chaaes Of Pardon for the Insurgents.
The controversy between the United States and
Great Britain, account Of the fisheries seems to
have taken peaceful turn; and it Is to be hoped
that this reaches you the whole affair will have
been finally settled on mutual good terms But for
this unforeseen incident, long since would have
| written you again.
Some weeks ago, letters from Hungarian refugees,
residing for the present in the United States, have
arrived in Hungary, couched in the most enoourag-
ing terms. The writer's tell their friends snd rela.
tons that though they feel very happy in their pre-
sent condition, they ardOnty long for their native
country, but do not intend to return empty handed
or without bringing liberty to their countrymen-
| that the Americans, sympathizing with them ia
every respect about to assist them in their task
both with armed force and several millions of dol
isrs-tnat kossuth mas already received q great part
Of this money, and taken ID aiony with hi u on his
way 10 Hungary and hualy, tbas All that has been
told IN the papers about him and his total fail
ure in the United States is u malicious invention
II is easy 10 comprehend the delight with which
| these pleasant and quite unexpected tidings have
beer received BY the good people the letters were
| addressed to. However, 10 tell tho truth, they
! don't much care for Mr. Kossu.b or the liberty he
intends to brig them; whereas, indeed they would
be particularly glad To got possession of the pro-
missed cash, of the American gold aud silver coin
Moreover, il would be highly gratifying for their
curiosity to see the so-much talked of Americans
tace to face, though the conceptions of them in
hungary ere somewhat strange and confused.
You see how the Hungarian refugees still indulge
themselves in idle hopes and self delasion. Their
longing for their native country is not TO be won
dereG at; but long they persist in this nonsens-
eli 90 tho-a f,S-
tering the plan OF new reyolutionthey win never
seei again In this they find the doors closely
and permanently shut TO them and it might rather
be possible for Mr. Kossuth TO oyertnrn the United
States than to kindie the fire of revolution in Han
gary again. With the exception of some few incor-
rigibe, turbulent fellows, the Hungarian people are,
at present, so decidedly woary OF any revolution,
and their aversion, especially against Kossuth has
attained such degree, that if he should be foolish
enough TO re- appear among them, they would seize
nm without ceremony and deliver him into the
hand OF justice. That some years ago he succeeded
to bring about and keep up for while revolution,
was only owing TO an accidental coincidence OF
rious circumstances and to the fact that his to tai
inaptitude was not yet notorious then. But now
the hungarlans know him thoroughly-they hate
and despise hun. He is well aware of this; and
being ashamed Of himself. he has thought & best to
live IN retirement and obscurty since his departure
from America
Since the complete success OF the Emperor's visit
to Hungary, and the enthusiastic reception he has
found there among all classes Of the pc ople, great
many OF the Hungarian refugees have become sensi-
BILE of the folly OF their acts and being at the slne
time heartily tired Of their exile they begin to
all on foot to procure pardon and get the permission
10 return home. II is very probable that they Si
accomplish their object, (of course, with the exc3p
ton of kosuth aud other invete rate enemies of pub
lie order,) for the Emperor has recently pardouea
many insurgents who were imprisoned in Hungary.
and seems, in the main, inclined to cleGlency and
forgiveness Moreover, be know that they cannot
DO any more harm in their native country, having
during bis stay in Hungary and Transylvana. been
completely convinced of the general uneigned
affection and good will Of the population toward
him.
VIENNA, August IS, 1852.
Number of Executions in Austria acittin Forty. four
Years Connasted mih those of England Tie
Construction of Railroads and Canals, Sc !, SC.
According to official statements ,04 sentences of
death have been pronounced by the Austrian courts
Of justice, in the period from the beginning Of the
year 1904 until May, 1S4S; but only about one-third
&C them, or AS, (among them not more than two
for nigh treason,) have been executed, while the
remainder, or $50, were mtigated by the Emperor,
and committed into other punishments. You must
that this number of executions is rather small
for period offorty.four years, and an average
population of thirty millions Let us now see how
many executions took place in England during
boasted of her humanity and her tender regard for
the life and freedom of MANN England, that has
heaped numberless invectives upon Austria, and
charged her with barbarity and bloodthirstiness.
England and Wales had, in 1901, little more than
100000, and in 1910 about 10 500 900 inhabitants
thus, in the period from 1901 to 1910 the average
population was about IL 100000. Now the number
OF sentences OF death which were actually executed
in less than forty years, amounted to 2635 and
nineteen nj
| which side then, ask was burbarity and blood
tbirstiness, on the side Of England or Of Austria
Under the sway oil an aristotratc constitution,
fIampi IN the middle ages, six hundred and thirty
/ years 90. and Of selfish body Of magnates and
other mobiles, the great many natural advantages OF
intercourse and trade Hungary enjoyed, were
totally neglected even those afforded by the noble
steam Of the Danube, Crossing the middle parts OF
the countTy) ard It's tributaries; while every
other Austrian province, except Pennsylvania, has
long SINCE been interseced by the finest public roads,
Hungary had scarcely any, and in NEST parts OF the
B country the communication Is 70 the pre- ont day
Obstructed by many obstacles. Besides this there
we're many Other deficiencies especially with regard
to the public security and 70 the administration Of
justice, which ii the most ceplorabe condition;
most o. judges were corrupt and open 10 bribery;
IN the enactment Of penal laws there an entire
lack OF uniformity aud consistency for sometimes
an atIoclous murderer aud lobber, or poisoner,
was condemned 10 10 other penalty than five years
imprisonment while far less cupable delinquent
was executed, perhaps because he had particularly
offended nobeman Terrible gangs of robbers
infested the country in almost every direction
and many Of the poor, robbed travellers, were
murdered likewise. These and other unheard abuses
and outrag required the spccdiest redress and 1t is
! obvious that meanwhile ioss attention could be
paid to deficiencies Of more subordinate character
Yet ut presents the administration Of Justice having
been thoroughly organized and regulated, and pub
nc order and security completely restored by the
energetic measures Of the Austrian government, the
latter has ordered the construction OF both railroads
and canals in the level part Of the country and of
common and public roads in the more mountainous
districts Of Upper Hungary and Transylvania
Thousands Of men are already at work, and wi hin
the space ola few years these countries will proba-
bly, rival any other in the means Of communication
and Of internal and external intercourse
The negotiations between Prussia ard other mem
bers of the great German commercial league, OF
which told you in another letter, draw at pre-
son near their end, and viii probably result in the
reconstruction and extenson Of this League. In