The daily union., 1852-02-11
HE UNION: WASHINGTON WEDNESDAY MORNING. FEB H. 1852

TENS OF the eastern continent will 60 on 10 their
Trials and suffering. ara IN. .chool 81 o.o,. Ev.,
effort is lesson. and every defeat but prepares them ior
new contest and stimulates them to greater exerion
and the very process OF preparation aud resistance teaches
lnen ~hai are heir rights and how they are to be ae
Now, sl what we want is, that freedom should have
falr battlefield; that, whenever struggle is
menced 70 overthrow an arbitrary government, other des
pouc powers should not be permitted 10 take part in the
contest and with foreign bayonets decide the Issue.
ouch Is our desire and this principle OF non inteTef
ehce 10 wen established IN the code OF public law II
lies az the very foundation OF national independence
need not multiply proofs illustrations OF the truth OF
mus doctrine II was well laid down by Mr. Roebuck In
lhe English House OF Commons when he said 'rhe i'm
porlant principle with which have deal was that
IN tue internal affairs OF any country there should be
ioIce or pressure It's recognition goes back 10
the lime Of the Romans ;for told that when Ger
tam CaHhsgenans preferred charges against Hanba
Scipo declared that the Roman Senate would not be jlsl
he'd In interneddlng in the affairs OF Carthage.
No one den les ills obligations here or elsewhere And
even while papabe violations OF the principle take place
oy armed intervention 10 repess the efforts of freedom
they are attempted to be justified exceptional cases.
which, admitting the general rule depart from il only in
consequence OF some great necessiyhal universal and
eternal plea OF arbitrary power When the allied nations
undertook their crusade against France to put down The
revolulon before the passage OF the obnoxious DEGREES
TO which shall refer by presume there was not
apuocist IN Europe who would have hesitaed to con-
cede the general duty OF nonnereIence, while he
defended The invasion as measure OF self-deience
against the coDtagion OF democratic principles And sig
naliy was this outrage rebuked by the consequences
which Tor twenty years weighed upon Europe. and
Swallowed it with the French power, converting its fair
plains into battle-heds from Lisbon TO Moscow And
thus was Poland botted from the map Of nations, while
Frederick and Cathane published homilies upon law and
morality, and regretted the unWelcome necessity which
the circumstances OF tina. unhappy country Imposed upon
Them TO annex it 10 the dominions of the allied powers.
And three times was the world insued by these hypo
critical professions before the whole of old Samaa
rescued from the danger OF freedom and independence by
Partition and nexation sa.IH
mn hIuh hlp aufh hnritu and
OF no other--V -Vattel-who holds that, in state of civil
war, any ether power may assist the party which it be-
eves TO be just But Is obvious that such principle
would open every case to direct armed intervention
the will OF any foreign government, which has only to
say, Such party has justice it's side and will and it.
Now, sir the doctrine is contradcled we'll by reason
as by the whole curren, of authorities Wlman. one
OF the most recent as well OF the most able CON-
menlaors on the law OF nations. condemns the position of
vatte INTO which he says he led by "a msconstruc
ton OF passage OF Grotus, and "hat it is as little
reconcIleabe with reason il is with precedent" He ex
aniDes the cases fully, and shows how is this
doctrine, and thus the result But this re-
sTction OF interference in favor OF the cause of Justice
Is an absolute prohibition of interference the part of
those who have no jurisdiction 10 determine the justice Of
the cause. Hence ii follows that foreign power has
any right to interfere in the internal affairs OF an nde
pendent State Establish this doctrine of vatte and the
Emperor Nicholas, who no doubt believes every despoc
cause just one, would have right to send his armies
anywhere to repress the efforts OF freedom.
But the case OF Hungary is strengthened if strength
were needed, by the authoritative declaration of the EN-
peor Nicholas as 10 this very principle OF nterven
on, IN the manifesto he issued when the Russian armies
crossed the frontier He there admits the right of every
State to arrange It's own political constitution according
TO It's own mnd; and he admits also the duty of other
powers TO "reraln from interfering with any alterations
OF The iorm OF government which such States may think
proper 10 make" This admission is broad enough to
cover the whole ground OF national immuniy but it
accompanied with afeserUation-that is the wordthaf
IN case the reaction of revolutions him should tend
the frontiers OF his empire his Majesty reserved TO him
sell his full liberty OF action" Dark the oracle of
Delphi, but still darker is the oracle of Russian power.
We have all heard OF the political equilibrium OF Europe,
otherwise known as the balance oil power-that fertile
source of war and oppression But the political eqdb-
rum the frontiers Of he Russian empire is new ele
ment in the public law OF the world, and dismiss it for
the investigation OF some future Grotius. As TO the
action OF aIeyouton as contradistinguished from it's d
rect action, to be dangerous 10 neghbong States,
am unable 10 comprehend ii, and take refuge in my
ignorance. | had supposed, before this imperial
declaration, that the first phrensy OF evolutionary
ment was always It's most dangerous saie and that
action brought with more calnness and security What
kind of reactive power had taken place during the
brief interval between the commencement OF the Hunga-
struggle and the Russian Intervention not
old and it would be vain to inquire But Tor myself sif.
unbelever any claim, under the law OF
lions, by which thsrght OF national immunity could be
limited and where such claim has been practically
asserted il has been because party weak and
the other strong. Nations, like individuals, have in.
destrucible right OF seli-deence against unawfa dan.
ger and II il should happen that country is exposed
to imminent peril from the proceedings OF another,
whether in state OF revolution or OF internal quies-
cence IL has certainly the right 10 adopt all proper means
OF protection But the danger Of opntons or in other
words, the principles upon which government shall be
founded give Just cause oil offence, unless, In
deed, there Quixoc attempt TO carry them elsewhere
by direct interference No accuses Hungary OF such
folly. She had enough 10 do without constituting her.
self the armed champion OF propagandlsm. But, sir,
dismiss these political suberfuges unworthy OF serl'
consideration, and will remark that the power which
claims right to act IN opposition TO an acknowledged
principle Of public law, on the ground of peculiar
exception, should establish its 10 every reasonable
mind Is The independence itself which is sought
jast OF offence Surely not Tor that right is
conceded by the very proposition, and without II there
could never be revolution Is ust offence given by the
meoration OF existing nstutions IL is equally certain
that another power cannot object to such changes Tor IN
that there could be revolution which might not be
put down by the foreigner, unless the political system Of
the country were stationary or retrogradng, which
would be utterly incompatible with every revolutionary
effort. As 10 Hungary, her people sought independ.
ence, and they sought 10 introduce Tree institutions,
though do not understand that IL was ever determined
whether the government should be constitutional mon
arcby a republic But the establishment oil republi'
can government is compatible no, only with the public
law OF the world but with the condition OF Europe,
where such governments have existed from the earliest
ages, and some OF them are yet struggling to maintain
their position Almost in The centre oil Europe IS The re-
public OF Switzerland and the Emperor Nicholas was
himself party the formation OF the republic ol Cracow,
in contact with his dominions, perhaps because II
was small which he could control al pleasure But,
sir is useless to pursue this investigation II the Rus
proper conduct OF the Hungarian pahois is for the de
lenders OF Russian injustice TO show H. What danger
does the Emperor Nicholas assume TO appehend in this
poblic appeal TO the world Why, SIR he talks about
what is now doing and preparing in Hungary" as en-.
dangering his safety, though the struggling revolution