davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Semi-weekly North-Carolina standard. [volume] (Raleigh, N.C.) 1852-1853, 1852-10-09

WHAT is LIFE.l The following beautiful descrip-
ton. in answer to this question, is from Rev. Mr..
Mountford's Euthanasy:
''The present life is sleeping and waking; il is
Good Night on going to bed. and Good Morning
on getting up; it is to wonder what the day will bring
forth; it is sunshine and gloominess; it is rain on
the window as one sits by the fire; it is to walk in
the garden, and see the flowers open, and hear the
is to have news from East West, North and South !;
it is to read old books and books it is TO see
pictures and hear music it is to have Sundays it is
to pray with family morning and evenings it is to
sit in the twilight and mediate is to have business
to do and to do it, it is to have breakfast, and din
ner, and tea it is to belong to a town, and have
neighbors, and to be in circle of acquaintance
it is to have friends love one it is have sight
of dear old faces and with it is be kissed
daily by the loving lips for fifty years; and it is
o know themselves thought of many times day, in
many places, by children, grandchildren. and many
friends.''
Semi-weekly North-Carolina standard. [volume] (Raleigh, N.C.) 1852-1853, 1852-10-09
For the Standard.

Mr.. JOHN Y. PARKER, late of the County of Per-
son, came to his death by the discharge of gun in
the hands of Lewis Brooks, very worthy and esti-
mable young man. The circumstances of this sad
occurrence are briefly these: Parker knew of gang
Of Turkeys in the neigh5orhood, and last Thurs
day, the Both day of September he left home in the
forenoon for the purpose of killing them, and had
with him an instrument with which huntsmen are en-
abled to deceive :hem and call them up, and whilst
calling them, Brooks, who. il appears, was out on
the same business. hearing the yepng, and. suppo-
cap which Parker had on, and taking it for Turkey
he took deliberate aim and fred and shot him through
The head. which caused his instant death. Mr. Parker
was one of our best citizens, and kind Providence
had blessed him with considerable portion of this
worlds goods which he used to make all around him
happy. A FRIEND.
Semi-weekly North-Carolina standard. [volume] (Raleigh, N.C.) 1852-1853, 1852-10-09

THE DUKE OF WELLINGTON. His Income, HabiLs,
Sc. The late Duke of Wellington held an immense
income during life. AS Commander-in-C Chief, the
Duke was entitled to draw something eighty
dollars day, about $50, 900 annually and as
Colonel of the Grenadier Guards, he was entitled to
nearly $4,000 year or more. He drew pension of
nearly $40, 900 annually, and in possession of
property given him by the British nation, to the
amount of 100000 nearly 100000. The PEN
sion will continue to be PAID to the Dukes two next
male heirs, who also inherit his large and his
titles but most of his Offices and emounents are to
be scrambled for by the nobility and others and rich
prizes they will be for the disposal of the ministry
The new Duke, at the time of his fathers death,
was at Frankfort, whence he was Immediately sum-
moned. He has hitherto borne the title of Marquis
of Douro, and until the last election he enjoyed
seat in the House of Commons member for Nor
witch. He is As years of age, and bears conside-
rabe, although not striking, resemblance Of his faith
er. The Dukes second son, Lord Charles Weles-
ley, was with him at the time of his death. He is
81 years of age, and has seat in the House of Com
mons as member for South Hampshire.
The late Dukes personal habits were extremely
temperate, if not abstemious. He slept little, and.
whether from old military associations for health's
sake, used a hard mattress and camp bed. He ap-
peared to avoid display in his dress, equpage and
tendants, p1eferrng horse exercise to the state
and luxury of carriage, and even when increasing
weakness rendered it task of some difficulty to sit
erect upon horseback, day day after he still to be
seen ambling slowly down to the House of Lords.
touching his hat to the crowds assembled round the
entrance to catch glimpse OF the veteran warrior.
His household was said to be model of good order
and good management. He incurred no debts pune
tual and precise in all his dealings, he always
just, and frequently, though privately, generous. His
Waterloo banques, which for many years drew
around him his surviving companions in in his
last glorious field, were the only exceptions to his
usual indifference to display. On these occasions
only the massive services of plate and priceless Chi
na pictures statues and all the other favors honors
and presents which had been conferred upon him by
the soveregns OF Europe, were not appropriately
displayed.
Semi-weekly North-Carolina standard. [volume] (Raleigh, N.C.) 1852-1853, 1852-10-09
ELECTORAL TICKETS.

Democratic Electoral Tickets will be furnished
at the Standard Office, at 81 per thousand. We
hope our friends will send in their orders at once
and to it that not only every County but every
precinct is supplied with tickets.
Nov as the time to aUork. Pick your f1ints,
friends-see that your ammunition is in the right
place and of good quality, and then fire away. 1t
will not do to go into battle without weapons. Let
us know how much ammunition you want and where
to send it. and you shall have it forthwith.
Semi-weekly North-Carolina standard. [volume] (Raleigh, N.C.) 1852-1853, 1852-10-09
NOTICE..

A YOUNG MAN, who is a native of North Caro-
n lima, and Graduate of Northern Institution, is
DESTROYS of obtaining School in healthy section
of the State He will prepare pupils for entrance into
any of our Colleges. In addition his certificate of
graduation he present high testimonials, both
scholarship and character from individuals we'll known
and emnently competent to judge.
Any communication addressed the subject to &c j.
B. j., Warrenton N c., will be promptly attended to-
October 5th, 1852. 94-3t
Semi-weekly North-Carolina standard. [volume] (Raleigh, N.C.) 1852-1853, 1852-10-09
DEATH OF WILLIAM II. HAYWOOD, JR

DEATH OF WILLIAM II. HAYWOOD, JR'
We are panied to have to record the death OF
this distinguished citizen. He expired, at his resi-
dence in this City, on Thursday morning last after
long and painful illness.
The deceased had filled large space in the eyes
of the people of the State for many years past His
death is deplored as heavy loss to the communi-
tv in which he was born and resided, and to the
Bar of the State, of which he was shining orna-
ment.
We shall present in our next more extended
notice of the life and character of the deceased.
Semi-weekly North-Carolina standard. [volume] (Raleigh, N.C.) 1852-1853, 1852-10-09

The Republic is happy. 1t :hinks General Scott
and his friends may reasonably be proud'' that he
gets eighteen dollars day for eleconeerng, paid to
him out of the public treasury. Now, eighteen
dollars day is good wages at any time, should
like to know what limit the Republic would fix as
Unreasonable? Washington Union.
Semi-weekly North-Carolina standard. [volume] (Raleigh, N.C.) 1852-1853, 1852-10-09

There will be MASS MEETING of persons favor
able to the election of PIERCE and KING, Dewars
Store, Cumberland County. on Wednesday, the Goth
day of October. The citizens of Cumberland Wake,
Chatham, Moore, and of the neighborng Counties gen.
orally, are invited TO attend Hon. VIM. s. Ashe, j..
g. Shepherd Esp and other speakers expected to be
present.
Semi-weekly North-Carolina standard. [volume] (Raleigh, N.C.) 1852-1853, 1852-10-09
DEMOCRATIC MASS MEETING

Democratic MASS MEETING for this Electoral
District will be held SATURDAY, the 9th day of
October next, at Worrels Mineral Spring, in Gates
County, mile and half from Gainesville.
All persons, of both political parties, invited to
attend
September "a, 1852
Semi-weekly North-Carolina standard. [volume] (Raleigh, N.C.) 1852-1853, 1852-10-09

~ We take pleasure in informing our readers
that the political intelligence we have obtained from
the Democratic members of the Assembly now in
attendance here, is of the most cheering nature.
We hear from all the opinion that Pierce and King
will sustain Gov. Reds vote and that Scott and
Graham cannot possibly poll the vote which Mr..
Kerr received.
Semi-weekly North-Carolina standard. [volume] (Raleigh, N.C.) 1852-1853, 1852-10-09

ABOLITION influences. SHOW, if he Gen.
means, are we not fully justified in coming to the
conclusion that in the Of his election. the
ellis of the Abolionists would be felt his admins
tration No one who knows Seward, Johnston, and
the rest of that damnable cohort of political knaves,
can doubt this. Petersburg Intelhgencer, AprH6th.
Semi-weekly North-Carolina standard. [volume] (Raleigh, N.C.) 1852-1853, 1852-10-09

As WE EXPECTED. Gen. SCOTS speech at Colum-
bus, in which he undertook to vndicate himself from
the charge of having inflicted disgracefu punishment
upon German soders-AWas nerer delivered in public
by him any tohere. -..
The Columbus Statesman says it was delivered, if
at all, to "two friends, in Gen. Scotrs private par
lor at the Neil House! Rich. Eng.
Semi-weekly North-Carolina standard. [volume] (Raleigh, N.C.) 1852-1853, 1852-10-09

H We are indebted to Mr.. Pomeroy for copy
of the Life of Franklin Pierce, by Nathaniel Haw-
thorne. This is a most readable and interesting
little book every Democrat, especially, ought to
have copy.
Semi-weekly North-Carolina standard. [volume] (Raleigh, N.C.) 1852-1853, 1852-10-09

New YoRK, Oct 4. Augustus Bowen, Cashier of
Messrs Brown & Brothers, was arrested to-day. He
is charged with being defaulter to the amount of
1928 OOO-the result of several years. specuations
in stocks. A. D. Comstock, Broker, implicated,
has also been arrested. .....t-
Semi-weekly North-Carolina standard. [volume] (Raleigh, N.C.) 1852-1853, 1852-10-09
Perfumery and Fancy Articles.

TETItIHEEEy II e111INTSs
UBIN'S Extracts, genuine,
/ IUrsena, real Bears Grease.
OK Marrow Pomade,
Lows fine Myrtle Pomatun,
Christian Pcrumed Hair Restorative, for CLEANSING
preservation and growth of the Hair,
L,von's .Kathairon do do do
Cologne Florida Water real German and other va
rieties,
TayIors Chrystalsed and other fancy Perfumed Soaps
for the Toilet.
select assortment of Tooth Brushes ...
Hair, Nail and Comb Brushes,
Fine tooth Dressing and Pocket Combs,
Carved She'll and. Buffalo Tuck Combs.
New style Shell and Buffalo Side Combs.
JAMES McKIMMON.
Oct. 1, 1852 W
Semi-weekly North-Carolina standard. [volume] (Raleigh, N.C.) 1852-1853, 1852-10-09
Mass Meeting at Averasborough.

There will be MASS MEETING OF the Democracy
Averasboro' the 2lst of October. Distinguished
speakers expected to be present The citizens of
Cumberland, Sampson, Johnston, Wake, and the cit-
of North Carolina generally, Invited to attend
without distinction of party.
Semi-weekly North-Carolina standard. [volume] (Raleigh, N.C.) 1852-1853, 1852-10-09

There will be MASS MEETING of the Democrats
at Enfield, SATURDAY the 10Th day of October
next to which all parties respectfully invited Messrs
BRANCH, DoBBIN, VENABLE aud other distinguished
Speakers have promised and expected to attend.
September Is, 1852,
Semi-weekly North-Carolina standard. [volume] (Raleigh, N.C.) 1852-1853, 1852-10-09

Hon. CHARLES Nj. CONRAD. We asserted some
time ago. that this distinguished gentleman, at pre-
sent Secretary of War, was opposed to the nomina-
ton, and to the election Of Gen. Scott. The WASH
ngton Union of the 18th September, asserts the
thing. We invite the attention of the wings of Lou
isiana, and especially of the Second Congressional
District, which Mr.. Conrad represented when he
called to the cabinet. to this fact. Why is Mr.. Con-
for good and sufficient reasons-reasons that
every man in louisiana Mr.. Conrad is whig; a
resolute and ardent whig he is at Washington, with
access to every of information; his official
lations put him in juxtapostion with General Scott
every day; he form proper estimate of his tenn
per- his administrative abilities, and his political
principles. Yet, with all these lights before him, he
refuses to support Scott! Wings of Louisiana, do
YOU not hesitate when such men as Webster and
Conrad. Jenifer and Lyons, Stephens, and Toombs,
Garrett and Parham oppose yosr nominee? ". o. Co.
Semi-weekly North-Carolina standard. [volume] (Raleigh, N.C.) 1852-1853, 1852-10-09

A.
Ashe, Richard
Alston, Weldon E. 9.
B..
Broughton, Jesse
Baily, Thomas
Bolins, Mary Miss
Boyle, John NJ. G.
Baines, Eli
Basby, Thomas
Bremen; Ann E. Mrs.
Bell, Julia
Chapel, w. Fl.
Cooper, John l..
Cox, J.
Carr, Michael
Crosby, Minoh S.
Clark, Barnard w.
Copeland, Nj. S. Miss
Claison, R. S.
Castlebury, Henry
Cook, John C.. 3
Cook, James P.
p.
Devereaux, Essal
Dudley, James
Dudley, David G.
E.
Exum, James T.
Edmonds, Virginia Miss
Edwell, Harrison
| F.
Terrell, Eli
FennelI, Richard
Floyd, H. H. Mrs.
Finch, Charly E.
Finch, Henry II.
G.
Grifis, Edward 2.
Guion, Geo. E.
II.
Harrison. Jas. M.
Hubbard, John w.
Howell, B. N.
Hatch, Samuel B.
Henry. Ellen Mrs.
Howard, James
Hogge, John A.
Hinton, J.
Hardy, Louisa Miss
Jones, Sophy
Jones, Clinton
Jones, R. H.
Ivey, Peterson
K.
King. Alfred
knipper. Louis
Kennedy, John
kliflnilier Charles 2
L.
Locklar, SollamoR
Lucas, George
Lane, Ldcy H. Mrs.
Lislee, VIM.
M.
Persons calling for an.
please say they are adver
September 3lsi, 1852.
Semi-weekly North-Carolina standard. [volume] (Raleigh, N.C.) 1852-1853, 1852-10-09

EB- The Hon. +. L. Clingman has been in this
City for several days past We learn he expects
to leave in a day or two, for his District.
Semi-weekly North-Carolina standard. [volume] (Raleigh, N.C.) 1852-1853, 1852-10-09

GE The Pierce and King Electoral Ticket for
THIS State is now complete, by the addition of the
names of Burton Craige, Walter F. Leak, and
Robert P. Dick. These gentlemen are able renro-
sentatives of the party and will do valuable service
In the good cause. We learn that Mr.. Craipe and
Mr. Dick have already taken the field; and we
nope soon to hear that Mr.. Leaks voice has been
raised In behalf of our noble ticket. Mr.. Leak is
wen posted up in political affairs, and we know
'nat franklin Pierce and William R. King are men
"'er MS own heart. Push on the column
Semi-weekly North-Carolina standard. [volume] (Raleigh, N.C.) 1852-1853, 1852-10-09
Mass Meeting at Translation.

There will be MASS MEETING of the Demo.
Gratis of Franklin, Granville, and AXE at Franknton,
Friday and Saturday, the 18th and 10th of this
month. The people generally invited to attend.
October 4th. 1852.
Semi-weekly North-Carolina standard. [volume] (Raleigh, N.C.) 1852-1853, 1852-10-09
WAKE SUPERIOR COURT.

This tribunal has been in session here this week.
Judge Settle presiding, with his accustomed ability
and patient attention to his responsible duties.
The time of the Court has been mainly occunied
with the trial of an Indictment, The State vs. the
rev. Patrick W. Dowd-Mr. Attorney General
Eaton and b. F. Moore, Esq, for the State, and
Gen' Saunders and H. w. Miller, ESQ.,, for the de-
renee' The Counsel on both sides, we learn, &C
quilted themselves well. The Jury could not agree,
and were discharged>-
On Thursday, His Honor Judge Settle adjourn
ed the Court for the day, as a mark of respect to
The memory of the Hon. WIN. II. HAYwooD.
Semi-weekly North-Carolina standard. [volume] (Raleigh, N.C.) 1852-1853, 1852-10-09
CLOTHING EMPORIUM!
LIST OF LETTERS,

I f T T e r. s,
Post Office, at Raleigh, for
'pteHiber 3lst, 1852:
Marin, Charles
Mitchell, Susan Miss
Marriott, VIM. H.
haywood, Quincy Miss
McCloskey, Barnard
McCullers, Betsey Miss
McCullers, Edwin S.
MassengiIl, Startling
N.
Nichols, Robert
Norris, Samuel P. q
Nntall, Sarah J. Mrs.
Nixon, James
Norris, Thomas H.
Mutt, Margaret
Nichols, Penelope Mrs.
Newly, Samuel w.
P.
Parish, Elizabeth Mrs.
Parish. Lucy H.
Pike & Taulk.
Pyson. T. p.
Powers. John
Page, Susan NJ. Miss
T'o!fars, Caswelf
Plumrner, Ann H. Miss
Parker, Langdon G.
Price, Charles NJ. .
r.
Rubin, Muncy Miss
Respess, Isaah
Redman, Louisa Miss
S.
Stuart, Sarah
Strebeck, Ann E,
Smith, Baltriss'
Spain, Rosse Mrs.
Smith, Aswelt
Stokes, John
Snow, James S.
Stalker. Thomas
Squiggins, J. w.
Seotf. Robert
Scymoure, Gestrude Miss
Simpkins, billy Miss
Il.
Taylor, John P.
Turner, Amy Mrs.
Tally, r. H.
Trumbull, Duncan G.
u.
Utley, C.
Warden, Jesse +.
Wilson, James
Virgins, Bette Miss
White, ]. NJ.
Warren, Margaret Miss
Weatherby, VIM.
w God worth, Aaron
Wedding, Mary Miss
w oodsoHr, Lucinda Miss
w GODDARD, Robert
Winslow, w.
Watkins & Morton.
Y.
Yates. William
of the above Letters will
Used.
NJ. WHITE, P. M.
940-w3W.
Semi-weekly North-Carolina standard. [volume] (Raleigh, N.C.) 1852-1853, 1852-10-09

That excellent Agricultural paper, The Farmers
Journal, edited by DIR. Tompkins, Bath, N. c.,
continues to visit us regularly, and we are very
much pleased to see that promises we'll to sustain
itself in the midst of formidable competition. A
generous support of such paper by the farming
public, would tend in great degree to regenera.e
the agricultural interests of the State. The enter
prising editor has continued wishes for his sue
cess in the wide field of usefulness upon which he
has entered.
Semi-weekly North-Carolina standard. [volume] (Raleigh, N.C.) 1852-1853, 1852-10-09

day appointed for meeting of the Directors of the
N orth Carolina Railroad at this place. Gov More
head and one Director, Mr.. Thomas, present.
OF course no quorum was present. and no business
was transacted. Mr.. jenkins, the Newberne Direc-
tor being sick, the Newberne interest represent
ed by John D. Whford. Esqr., who, we understand,
presented the President of the Road with general
statement of the views of the Newberne Stockhold-
ers. GOdso0rOugh hep. 81 Rat.
Semi-weekly North-Carolina standard. [volume] (Raleigh, N.C.) 1852-1853, 1852-10-09
N. G. Fashionable 5ewelry store
PALMER & RAMSAY.
DEALERS IN


''f DEALERS IN f
GOLD AND SILVER WATCHES,
All Kinds Of Jewelry, OF the Latest Sts les,
SILVER AND PLATED WARE, CUTLERY,
Perfumery, Fancy Goods and C70cks.
q THE subscribers receiving their FALL
ca purchase, ~Areh is one of the most extensive
100 Gold and Silver Watches,
Large collection Of Cold Chains Seals and Keys.
fine lot of Diamond Rings and Pins,
Fashionable Earrings, Bresfpns and Rings,
Bracelets, Cuff Pins and ArnleIs,
Very large assortment of Gold, Silver aad Steel
Pectaclesy
99
Gold aad Silver Thimbles,
Gold and Silver Pencils and Pens and Lockets,
Steel Pensand Keys. Razors Strops and Pen Knives
Silver Table, Deserts and Tea Spoons,
Ladies', Forks and Butter Knives, and Pickle Knives
and Forks.
Casters, CandIesticks, Suffers and Trays.
Baskets, Waiter Coffee Urn,
Gerondoles Coral and Gard Cases.
Perfumery and Fancy Goods.
All kinds of Watches, Jewelry and Clocks repaired
in our usual manner. ..+
October 4, 1852. o.
Semi-weekly North-Carolina standard. [volume] (Raleigh, N.C.) 1852-1853, 1852-10-09
Democratic Meeting and Barbecue

There will be Democratic Meeting and Barbecue at
Spring Vale, Sampson county, Saturday, the 9th inst
SAMUEL ]. PERsox and other speakers expected to
be present. Come one, come all.
Semi-weekly North-Carolina standard. [volume] (Raleigh, N.C.) 1852-1853, 1852-10-09

Green Tea. =
- CHEST superior ground Powder Tea, Juts re-
ceyed J. BROWN
Semi-weekly North-Carolina standard. [volume] (Raleigh, N.C.) 1852-1853, 1852-10-09

RAILROAD FROM SUFFOLK Va, TO CHowAN
RIVER, N. C.. The citizens of Gates, N. c., and
the adjacent counties agitating scheme for the
construction of a railroad from Gatesville ferry,
point Chowan river, to connect with the Seaboard
and Roanoke Railroad, at Suffolk Va. The
Norfolk Argus Says the distance will not exceed 25
miles, through level country, and the cost of the
work is estimated more than $15O,OOO 1t will
shorten she time of travel to Norfolk, from 10 13
hours present required, to about two hours, thus
affording speedy we'll as cheap communication
from eastern North Carolina to the North. Appi-
cation is to be made to the Legislatures of Virginia
and North Carolina for a charter.
Semi-weekly North-Carolina standard. [volume] (Raleigh, N.C.) 1852-1853, 1852-10-09

The RICHMOND WIG LoArHING THE FUGITIVE
SLAVE LAw!!! The following is part of edito-
rial article in the Richmond Wing, Of Wednesday,
September 29th, 1852:
They [the slaveholders) Mould neuer hsUe csked
for The Fugitiue-Slaue LaO-not that the Constitution
does not give them the right to demand it-but it
was HARSH MEAsuRE-better calculated to infame
and erasperate sectional feeling, and endanger the
cury of slave property, than to produce any satGry
results. They suOuld NOT THEMSELVES LIKE to be
CURED to catch other peoples negroes, and they Uery
naturally supposed the task would not be pleasant
one to persons whose education and preudices were
all opposed to the institution of Slavery
Semi-weekly North-Carolina standard. [volume] (Raleigh, N.C.) 1852-1853, 1852-10-09

Democratic Republican Electors
S,o.o ., ,sroe. JAMES C. DOBBIN.
IL; VI N 6;strict WILLIAM Fl. THOMAS.
Second District, BURTON CRAIGE.
Third District, WALTER F. LEAK.
Fourth District, ROBERT P. DICK
Fifth District, ABRAHAM RENCHER.
Sa1ertb District, SAMUEL ]. PERSON.
Eiohth District, D. G. w. WARD.
Ni1tb District, THOMAS BRAGG.
Des Moines courier. ([Ottumwa] Iowa) 1848-1854, 1852-08-12

who remain, as he gazes upward to his
ascending spirit, may well exclaim, .'my
father, my father, the chariot Of Israel,
and the horsemen thereof!"
That he was a man in all .he duties
and relations of life we know. The
millions of his countrymen, to whom his
name was as ointment poured forth, at
test il. The crowning glory OF his life,
that Of preparing to meet his God,
which. brethren, it should be our duty
TO initiate through every year and day oil
our own lives, increases our regard for
him.
And now lie, US briefly view him as a
Brother, in that restricted sense relating
to our own fraternity. A brother pres
ent has had the honor of meeting him in
a Lodge. Some Of us may not before
have known that he was Mason. Few,
if any of US, have had opportunity TO
know personally how he fulfilled the du.
ties of masonry as such. But from
what we do know of him in every other
relation and position of life and in soci-
ETY., we are bound TO believe he was true
IN this position also. Yes, we know it,
Temperance, Fortitude, Prudence, JUS
tice, those shining virtues of his charac.
ter, where can he have better learned
than in the teachings of the Lodge room!
Yes, we know it. His was the faithful
breast. He KEEP: that which was COM
mi,ted to his charge. When the armies
of the aliens, even in our own day,
marched out to battle against our beauli
ful temple, and trusted not TO have left
one stone of her walls upon another, he
stood, calmly though noiselessly, the
strong bulwark of her towers, and with
stood the shock OF their onset.
Worshipfui, Brother then has heard
the call of the Great Master, and been
exalted to a higher Lodge. A Brother
has gone from among US, and wha, shall
ii profit us? Brethren il may, and it
should profit us in this, that we SET him
up, each of us, an examplat for ourselves.
None can excel, few may hope TO equal
him, but all may strive to initiate his
virtues, strive so to live, and so to pre-
pare to die, that when the meridian sun
shall indicate the hour for our call from
labor, we may obey it in the full assu-
rance that ourselves will have received
profit, and the Great Master Of us all
pleasure thereby.