New-York daily tribune. [volume] (New-York [N.Y.]) 1842-1866, 1852-09-24

the Tuneror a. the interest paid Tor 'dis 'oAn On
..adsd that received from France. We must adh
thar the whole of this noisy isancih operation
was duly apr eciated BY the sober part oil the na-
e. .nJ nv No means excited their admiration so
much as Il did that of foreigners
The wants Of the treasury increase almost daily,
and IN meet them taxes are lev ed on the citizens
or bursbers. the peasants, and the 'erfs Of the
e,oun domain. The approNimstive revenues oil
the Empire amount, as already stated, to some
&I2O OO0 OoJ. The national debt is ne arly $780,
GOO coo. The yearly interest thereon is more
than 600 coo OOO-a little more than per cent.
on the whole. The war Of Hungary contributed
nightly to drain the already depleted treas
uyv This war, and all the military manifest
atoms since, outrun considerably the current rev.
,nues-the real official resources Of the Govern
ment. Ii is true that in case OF need, extraordi-
nary measures can be resorted to. The banks
and their deposits are within the grasp Of the
needy rulers, who resort to them, and will do 50
more and more, whatever may be officially said TO
the contrary. There are no accumulated savings
in the treasury, no possibility to make such, and
no thought Of 1t.
Every year there is published a po npous an
nouncement Of deposit Of bullion from the
mines. made in the presence Of an official deputa-
ton from the merchants Of St Petersburg in the
vaults Of the fortress Of Peter and Paul. Thi.
bullion is announced as representing or giving Sc
curity 10 the paper currency in circulation. But
this circulation is perfectly arbitrary, and the
Government in putting it forth, 10 entirely free
from control. The proportion of bills to the de-
posted metal is, at least, as three to one. TINS
bullion deposit was used for the war Of Hungary,
and thus reduced to a great extent; but the
emission of bank bills was proportionally aug
mented. This fact, without being publicly spoken
Of is well known 10 Russia. As to the confidence
epioyed by the bank bills, it has It's source IN the
confidence of the nation in its own vitality, as
well as in CONNER ;ial exigencles. The colossal
internal trade throughout the whole Empire, ex-
tending a. il does from the frontiers OF Germany
10 Katai. and from the frozen ocean TO the boun-
diaries of Persia and Arabia, does not receive the
aid of private public bank-drats, or OF bills of
exchange drawn by merchants and serving as
circulating medium, but Is almost exclusively car
ried on either by barter or for ready-money. The
banking houses in the several cities on the Baltic,
and those in Moscow. Odessa, and Petersburg are
rather for the convenience Of the foreign trade.
A wealthy merchant, for example, iiom Moscow
or Petersburg, making purchases of breadstuds,
fax. ashes, tiow, hides, etc, in the interior Of
the Empire, must carry with him, or through his
agents, hundreds OF thousands in money, to pay
instantly on the SPOT to the smaller merchants IN
the interior. When he has brought his merchandise
70 the place of expectation, he sells it to the
foreign exporter mostly again for ready money
Few, ii any, Russians are themselves exporters.
Now, il il easy to conceive that when travelling
the carry ing about ones person ofsuch considerable
sums is easier and above all safer in paper money
than II could be in coin. Here is the great area.
mum of the ere dit Of the bills notwithstanding
their excessive emission in proportion to the basis
on which they are issued. At all the great inter-
nal fairs at which tradesmen meet together, from
all parts Of the Emoire as we'll as from the far
East-as, for example, at that of Nischnei-NOy-
gorod-no drafts, no bills Of exchange are to be
seem and yet, notwithstanding the imperious ne
cessty of paper currency, the moment may
come when the trade will be unable to uphold the
credit Of the bills and bankruptcy will ensue,
morally as well as financially.
Czarism, or rather the Car himself pushed
by an unavoidable fatality, has sown mighty
germs of disorder IN the nation. He was the
fret to raise the spy system to the supreme
honors of the Court, and TO introduce it into
the Imperial Councils. Alexander looked on
it and treated it as a shameful necessity
Never until now was it spit forth so directly into
the face Of the nation or IN so offensive a manner.
In fact since the times Of Basil the Bloody, no
such Institution had been directed by the sovereign
himself. This left for Nicholas. He believes
that the secret police and the spy system are the
principal securities, the main props of his reign.
Thus he has rendered the Police an elevated
branch Of his Administration. Its commander.
its chief is the most intimate fayorite and the in
separable companion OF the Car. So was Count
Benkendorii, a German by BIRTH and the orig
inal founder of this Infamous system. And il may
be observed here, that Germans and Jews are its
principal agents and directors, and that very few
tue born Russians sc Elk for that distinction Un-
hsppiy the present Chief Count Orlofi, is one of
these. Even Napoleon did not make out of
Fouche, SsvsTy or a Regnault de st. Jean
d'ADgely the first men of the Empire, or mis- near
est confdants. Nothing Of the sOr-not even
the shadow thereof-darkened the lofty aud pure
mind Of Peter, to whose footsteps Nicholas be-
lieyes he adapts his imperial feet.
Once the Gar believed that there was nation
for whose welfare God had sent him TO work and
to care. Now he seeks to establish and to raise
to creed the idea that Czarism is the generator
Of the nation-that Czsrism was made first and
the nation afterwart. Bat the traditions Of the
ancient national life are not yet e1tingaished.
Thousands and thOus inds, fall Of hatred against
the why debaser, against the group of rampant
abe:tors who su round him, and agains. his thou
ends Of spies, silently but surely kinde the glow
ing sparks Of these sacred recollectons.
In relation to Europe, TO the outward and ultra
Russian world, Nicholas firmly and abs oluteIy be-