The daily union. [volume] (Washington [D.C.]) 1845-1857, 1852-12-18

nience OF travelling aud the cheaper transportation OF their
produce. Our experience teaches that IN distance OF
hy miles twenty cents at least saved on bushei OF
wheat corn, and three dollars hogshead OF tobac
The merchant and mechanic In the city takes the stock
TO increase the value Of his lots and houses and slim
uae his trade He gets his dividend IN Increased rents
dental benefit Besides, sir these roads are, either 10
whole in part, owned by the State in which they are
made. They are built in whole or in part by the money
of the State which contributed in the shape Of taxes.
by ALL Hence, all are interested in their cheapness
Besides this, they for the most part limited in their
profits by law and tho State has by her officers, an IN
aence and control corresponding IN some degree with
the contributions she has made The charges, therefore,
on these roads must be less as you diminish their cost
Justice 10 the South demands that there should be
reduction Of duty on railroad iron,
Railroad iron exempted from duty for long Pc
rod previous TO 1912, and during that time large num-
Der OF The railroads the North were built but few at
the south and West. Nor was il SO much our fault as
the result OF circumstances The density OF the north
en population enabled them 70 do. what we could not
then, or could but slowly do. Let not inability,
then, be charged as fault 3#
believe that reduction OF duty railroad iron will
iron is principally in the interior OF the country TAA
cheaper he can get there the greater will be his profits
aud the he will sell The article being very heavy,
il is OF the last importance transport it cheap, for
will no, bear heavy transportation duty A cosy rail-
road is perpetual lax transportation The cheaper
The railroads are the cheaper in all time to come willbe
the ransporalon.lax iron English iron now only
American iron Ii first makes cheap road to your mines,
which takes iron to the seaboard thence BY vessels
sdistrbued into every seaboard town. whence by rail-
roads, is taken far into the Interior On every one OF
these railroads twenty engines, and thousand cars,
all OF which are built and renewed from year TO year out
of iron taken from your mines Along the lines bar ron
poughs, and machinery OF all kinds are transported and
all made OF iron from your mines. deriving an incidental
protection from revenue duty. This state OF things Will
spring up few years. if you will just have patience
until foreign iron shall pave the way for your own. sOus
eed the forest wi, Win English axes AXE ont ios
BY case in poln The road from Petersburg 10 Lynch
burg, distance OF hundred and twenty miles. 10
built by subscription Of individuals, assisted BY the
State, which, in pursuance OF general policy, takes
three ffths OF the stock Had railroad iron been sixty
or seventy dollars on instead OF fortytwo dollars, the
road would never have been built for exceedingly
dicult 70 procure The subscription, Notwithstanding the
comparative cheapness account OF the low price OF
iron There are now running on that road engines and
from Philadelphia But, for English iron a forty
TWO dollars ton, many thousand dollars already spent
would have been lost to Pennsylvania and many thou
sands prospect This road is link in chain
that will reach from James river TO the Mississippi How
much OF Pennsylvania iron in various shapes will ult
mately travel along this entire line i would be dcultt TO
estimate To the cheapness OF railroad iron this entire
line is principally indebted.
The honorable gentleman from Pennsylvania Mr.
JoNE] contended that the whole revenue had well be
raised few articles as diHused many, and con-
tends that man had as well pay tax of four dollars
on his coat as two his coat and two on his trousers
This would be true if the article taxed was universally
used and in proportion TO each ones But suppose
levy the bonnets and silk dresses and
none upon hats and broadcoths, what would the wives
wife and daughters would scarcely him from their
fury. III the collected altogether iron. vast
number OF people would be exempt and many but par
tally aected-such as lawyers doctors, divnes, tner
chants, many mechanics. and host Of others. The
planters and farmers would bear the chief burden. Lay
your duties as you may with view 10 ,ncdcntnt pro-
ecton and the exporting Interest," constituting the largest
class bear the chief burden The producer Of gram,
cotton and tobacco be incidentally protected for
hs market s beyond the reach n OF your rsveaue eve laws
back when the halter comes for his shoes. The manu-
acurer pays TO the iron furnace and foundry for
his machinery, but he gets il back when the iron
ter and founder comes for his coat To all classes the
cuvaor OF the SOIL the merchant, the honse joiner and
many other mechanics pays tax, but gets nothing in re-
turn. The price OF whatever the farmer and planter
who supports all the resp sends TO market is 6xed by
the foreign demand and that again is regulated BY the
amonn OF foregn goods they are willing TO take 10 ex-
change, which reduced in value TO ihe OF the
duty he pays on them at home.
The low price of iron for few years back was only
The misfortune OF The producer similar 10 that which Of
ten bealls The cultivator OF the soil. When cotton
grain, and tobacco bear low price, he flies not 10 the
government for aid he puts up with H. and works The
harder He waits for better day. Your system oi pro-
lection, however puts upon him the misfortune OF others
as well az his own Protection means premium IN the
shape OF money and paid altogether by the expiring
interest Tor whatever is paid by protected class TO
another is ultimately returned The former only asks the
small privilege of being permitted 10 buy OF those wfo
will buy OF him. instead OF being forced to buy oi those
who will take only portion of his products IN exchange
for theirs demanding cash for the greater part.
The argument drawn from production Is falla-
cy-therc such hing az production. The ab-
iiy 10 bay alone regulates the extent Of the sales
Millions OF people 10 Europe were starving when
our breadsahs were cheapest Would they not buy
II they could2 And why would they noti They
had employmenl--here no market for what
they could make, though millions were IN want OF
H. Restrictions monopolies, high duties, legislative
outrages the laws OF Nature and Of commerce, had
made him a beggar with millions OF others. Abo
sh the custom houses all the world let there be
free intercourse between It's ports and would want
THIS county, from certain natural advantages produces
breadstus provisions cotton. &c Other countries, from
like produce other things cheaper than
These should be mutually exchanged, These should
form The basis OF commerce between them enriching
all. The grand folly OF this county has for twenty
years been IN trying 10 force productions which belonged
properly others Why have attempted TO force
by protection the growth OF tea, coee. and The spices.
we'll as sagar We should have done 40 had Nature
been little less emphatic IN her denial. We would
nave done " Il ii.l been possible. by only doubling
their cost The folly OF the attempt would only nave
exceeded follies in degree We discovered that We
lack the climate for other things that have attempted
dense and starving population produces climate for
many productions. We could make silk with such
climate. The delicate fingers OF starving female, who
will Tor Three cents day gather up the threads ot The
bnitehys shroud, alone wanting 10 confer that bese
ing on When reflect the causes that prevent
Us from manufacturing things, II should be matter
for rejoicing instead Of regret
The cheapness Of provisions here gives US many ad.
vaniages the European. But il must be remembered
that what necessares here uxures the aboer
Of Europe. In the place OF his potato must have
bread. In place Of his bread must have meat In
place OF his one loaf must have three. A laborer's
daily consumption here is three times what is in Eu-
rnuo haan lab lat1n al r.kl