The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1852-12-31

publish. win b sssa tAas IL total nunAsr Il
emigrants arrived during tAs year - this psgt, l.
- D4-msking a exes0 Of nsaxly 1900 over the
nunber Of tho Hsvisas yssr. n mast dneulnf
feature Of these Statistics il the fact that the Ger
man emigration, for the first time in tho history Of
this country, il the largest itsm- exceeding that Of
Ireland BY $50 passengers. The numbers from
Ireland srs III, 5S7, from Germany 118 l26. Both
together make total Of 235 ,66S, or more than
seven-eighths Of the whole tide Of emigration.
Tho cause Of the excessive emigration of Germans
10 ascertained to proceed from the fact that the
communes in some parts Of Germany are sending
out the pauper population, paying their passages
here in the 6rst instance, and sending money to pay
their expenses from here to their destina ion in the
interior. Nearly all the pauper emigration of the
past year il from Germany All the Irish have
paid their own psssages-the pauper emigrsnts
from the Green Isle being sent TO Canada, and not
to the United States. We also learn that . con-
siderable number OF pauper emigrants have been
sent by the authorities Of Switzerland. Let them
all come. They will no longer be paupers, unless
they are too lazy or too feeble to work. There is
room enough and to spare for ten times the number.
roads and canals and various departments Of labor
in city and country, invite their toll and skill,
holding out such remuneration as they never could
expect in the out, enslaved nations of the Old
World While they relieve the land they have left Of
burthen, they contribute to deveope the resources
of this country and to swell its glory at the same
time that they advance their ewn interests and
promote the happiness Of their offspring for the
present generation, and for generations yet un-
born. The United States ID the hope Of oppressed
humanity in every cline.
The Railroad ca the Pacific Mr. CIV ms Bill.
If any one who 10 neither railroad contractor nor
m editor has taken the trouble to re ad the bill re-
Gently introduced into the Senate by Mr. Gwin, Of
California, which we published on Tuesday, they will
doubtless begin to think that despite the ridicule
thrown on poor Mr.. Benton's favorite protest, q
railroad to the Pacific is not such utopian scheme
as many Of us have been led to believe. Here we
have serious provisions for the construction Of two
or more lines of road, with branches and sectors
enough to open up the whole heart Of the continent
One ia to start from the south western corner of the
State Of Arkansas, on Red river and thence to pur.
sue "the most Direct and feasible route" to the
eastward frontier of California. With this branch
line from the Red river to the Gulf of Mexico,
through Texas, will be constructed Other branch
lines, Give are correct in interpreting the very con-
fused and embarrassing language Of the preambleto
the bill, will coEnect the Arkansas and California
line with the western boundaries Of Iowa and Mis-
souri,; while another, starting from ''some point
westward Of the Sierra Nevada or the Rocky noun
tains." win run for "safe and conmodious harbor
a 0f 0ro0 uvb; oh al
sons Of the year be open to the largest sea going
ships Such portions of these various roads as are
within the limits Of any State are to be constructed
by that State, and large portion of the United
States public lands therein situate are to be granted
20 the State for the purpose; the remainder ie the
great bulk of the road from the borders Of
Iowa, Missouri and Arkansas, to California and
Oregon is to be constructed by contractors with tho
United States. The roads in the Western States
Iowa, Missouri, Arkansas and Louisiana-are to be
finished in five years; those in California and across
the territories in ten years The contractors are in
no case to have tho use and profit of the lines for
more than thirty years, ut the expiration Of which
time they are to revert to the United States.
This, it must be confessed, is q magnificent pro
ject. The bare idea of train of cars crossing the
gorges Of the Rocky Mountains is one which seems,
ct Arst sight, to partake of the marvellous. Fancy
. railroad station at Santa Fe or James' Peak-a
terminus in the silent depths of the primeval forest
or close by the wigwam Of the Choctaw chiefs
Realize, if you can, the opening of thousands of
square miles Of fertile land, where none save the
Indian has trod, and the planting Of sleepers
and sixty four pound iron rails where nothing has
ever bloomed but the unbiddsn herb Of the soil
Conceive the departure Of train from New Orleans,
by the Louisiana branch, for San Francisco direct,
and reaching its destination, after journey Of two
thousand miles, in three days The conception
seems to belong more properly to dreanland than
to this practical country.
And yet, If We look back on what NO have
done and are doing, it will not seem too much
to expect that the next ten years will bring
forth works Of equal magnitude to the Pacific
Railroad. Judging by the fruits of the last
ten years, the year 1868 will witness state Of
matsrial advancement compared to which our
present advantages are but the feeble attempts of
infancy Our progress is as the square of the time
each successful Iustrum far outstrips it's predecessor
in the value and Importance of the great works it
leaves its legacy. The increase of our trade, our
shipping, our manufactures, our steamers, our rail-
roads, telegraphs, our cultivated lands, since
lS43, is probably, in the aggregate, equal to the
whole increase of the thirty years previous. Nor
is there any reason for expecting dimunition of
this rate Of progress On the contrary, everything
betokens an unexampled fever Of enterprise and
energy. Money is pouring in upon US every side.
Railroads are being planned and built in every
State, with unparalleled vigor. Factories are
springiDg up around US - though We had no Great
Britain to import from. Wall street teens with
companies Of all kinds-some with real tangible
purpose and capital others traps for gulls but
all aording undsniable symptoms Of the freedom Of
the money market and the vast amount Of unoccu-
pied enterprise in the country Starting under such
auspices, We have every ground for believing that
the next ten years are destined to accomplish
greater things than have been dreamed Of eyon in