davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Vermont watchman and State journal. [volume] (Montpelier, Vt.) 1836-1883, 1852-08-19
Wing xtrlvAgance.

This is one of III rallyn1 cries against the
Wing party. How well urriied b Is H. rn FROM
~ 'ubjolned which we copy from the hester
Rspublicin:
IT e records show the fact thit uring the
last tn months Of Mr.. Folks ADMINISTRATION. in
- Re of profound peace, he expended revenue at
the rate of forty mil ons Of io'igrs per u mum
lie lett charges upon the revenue arising from
the Mexican war and other sources not before
recognized, Of nearly fifteen millions per annum
lie left four millions to be- paid in interest. three
and half millions due 10 american citizens as
indemnity from Mexico twelve millions IN four
ye rs to be paid to exec, vast inaudted ac-
counts from the war 10 b. settled. the territorial
expenses 10 be arranged and betrayed, and final
ly the cost Of collecting the revenues be- char
ged as an expenditure None of these things
had existed IN our financial system before, and
the sum total Of them was an extra fifteen mil
hons; tehich has been duly and honorqbiy paid
And il has been paid MOI only without borrow
ing, but eight millions Of the Polk wal debt has
been piped of and the whole twelve millions OF
MEXICAN indemnity has been paid with us 81 o.
QUO Of annual interest. And wihll, the aggre-
gate expenditure docs not exceed by more than
two millions That of the last year Of peace under
Democratic rule. A more splendid financial
achievement has not been performed by any adj
mnlsiraton The surplus revenue il not up
wards Of fifteen millions. locked up in 50 .ce in
subj easury vaults As fast AZ the Polk debt
falls due, 1t will be paid of and if Gen. Scott be
eiected-whch no sane man d0nbts-.ne uiis will
be taken 10 anticipate the maturity of the ,oins.
so as to balance the books aud dispense with
the expensive machinery Of managing stocks,
paying interest, and so Oh"
Vermont watchman and State journal. [volume] (Montpelier, Vt.) 1836-1883, 1852-08-19

Inc ATMos HERE.-The atmospl.e re
is manly composed of Two distinct
gases, which invisible but not i'm
pouderable DO hes, everywhere sur
round tie planet like an ocean. II has
a mean depth of some forty-tive miles.
The gases which form the air are cali
ed nitrogen and OXYGEN. According 10
the accurate analysis of dry, pure air,
made b, N NJ Dumas aud Bpusslng-
uuIt, 100 paris consist of POS oxtg gen
and 1872 nitrogen. These chemists
inu 4 : In paris of Carbonic acid IN
100 o of Atmospheric AR. Dr.. Fresen-
Ius has usceral ed that the proportion
OF ammonia ia the al uosphere Is AS ! to
: 90 600 varying To- | la 3 300, DO
Undoubtedly there are many other voia-
ME aud gaseous bodies IN the Amos
pllere, ~ State So extremely diluted
aud dtiused as To escape all chemical
tests Sr Robot Kane found that sui
phureied hydrogen will pass lhrogh
thin peice of lndIa-rubber into the AT
mosphere, against a pressure equal TO
81 times the weight OF common air -
Gaseous compounds OF phosphorus,
chlorine, and sulpher, are constantly
discharged from dec ying animal andveg-
eiabe Substances into the atuosphe re
These gases TALL to the earth again m
ram water |, Is one of the laws pecu-
liar to all gases, that the presence oil one
IN any gwen space does not IN the least
prevent several Others from o. cupying
the vacancies lett between atoms OF gas
thai seem 10 repel each other with SIN
guIlr aversion. The facility with which
the atmosphere takes up vaPor when wa
ter evapnrales, Is familiar TO all. This ca
paciiy 30 hold immense quantities OF wa
lerimbIbed from the ocean, lakes, MYERS,
the foliage of trees, and moist earth, is a
wonderful provision of nature. But the
filing OF the air with water, like wet
sponge, is less remarkable than the con-
trvance for squeesihg the sponge, so
To speak, aud causing the diilused most
lure 10 fall IN gentle rains, SHOWS and
dews. The drying of the atmosphere
after IL is saturated with wafer, IS Phen-
oDenon. without which II would neve'l
ram nor could ,nere be any spr-es'
nsers, hnd plauis VI an'usals '' "'o
Vermont watchman and State journal. [volume] (Montpelier, Vt.) 1836-1883, 1852-08-19
How Protection Aids Agriculture.

"There is farm in Standish, Me-,
consisting of eight acres, including
yards. bull ting, &c, from which wa.
gathered last fall 100 bushels Of APP.
pies"
Wherever the loom and the anvil take
their natural places by the side of the
plough and the harrow, we see that men
obtain large crops from small surfaces,
and that both the land and its owner be-
CON enriched. Wherever the plough
and the harrow stand alone. we see
them obtain small crops form large sur
faces and The owner oi the land becom-
my poor. while the land itself is exhaus-
ted. We have here a yield of l.75O
bushels of apples worth probably litlle
less than $4,000 from farm of eight
acres. being $3.50 per acre, while the
iarmer of Illinois obtains from the rich
est land in the world forty fifty or sixty
bushels of corn, which he sells al % or
80 cents per bushcl aud vet he too
might raise his APPLES, hIs strawberries,
and the various other products of the
earth that would pay him by hundreds oI
dollars per acre. IT he would bat aid m
bringing the miner of lead and thu
snelter OF iron and copper ore to the
side Of hImseIf and his fellow -cllzens -
PloW, Loom, &c.
Vermont watchman and State journal. [volume] (Montpelier, Vt.) 1836-1883, 1852-08-19
Birds---A Careless Observer.

J. { H.. " Sysrruse. saws, inn COIN
muuieaiion 10 Nj Downing. on " birds.
insects and other matters. - and now
one word as to the utility of birds 1t
i, common belief that they are great
beuef,ctnrs of man in the destruction ol
pesiilerous insects. 70 this belief am
an memorable innlel. Who ever saw
one Of the whole race touch caterpillar,
which, at this season iniests our orchards
--or other kindred nusanccs, which,
lac IN the season, appear on all trees,
lndi>crimlnately 2"
Nnw we would ask, where has J. G.
II been, all his days; Has he ever
watched the operations of birds2 Has
he ever killed and opened any of them,
aud examined the contents of their crops
ani guards? If he had, he would new
er be caught asking such questions as he
has, nor would he ever intimate that
hrds do not destroy caterpllars and
such like nuisances. We have seen the
Baltimore Orlole, or English Robin, often
seize upon the common tent calerpilars
as they are called which lnlesi our or
chards, and tearing them open, feast
upon their entralls. We have repeat
eddy seen the common robin in gardens,
ferret out the GU worm and swallow him.
The swallows. at sunset, scale along the
suriace of the ground, and snatch ia
their rapid flight thousands of insects on
the wing. Olner birds devour other in -
sects and # he is iallhless, or has never
seen the birds catch them, let hin Just
catch The birds. aud cut them open, aud
he Will olicn tind the insects themselves
safely slowed away IN their gizzards, or
other parts of their dlgesti We organs
We advise him To study orniihology a
little, III practical way, and mend his
wisdom ia this particular. Maine Far
mer.
Vermont watchman and State journal. [volume] (Montpelier, Vt.) 1836-1883, 1852-08-19
Free Trade and Direct Tax ation

ms Is Locoioco doctrlne-Free Trade AMI
1fect tixlton. 1t has been tried IN Turkey
winch
taxes all the produce of her agriculture and
her shops with taxes and duties amounting To
ITO D 1Nsnty Ia fay rer cent. On the cost of pro-
a1c,1n Nh only demands from three To fiv
per cent ou sll articles of foreign oripin thn
pass through the custom house."
An exchange forcibly comm nts upon this;
" axe tia above from one of the Journals
ct the day. desiring to call the attention of our
reader To the beautiful effects of British free
itde ind direct taxation. a favorlte subject of
decl umatlon among the Soons Of our day. who
nod mat nation 90 be benefited bv keeping
the plough md the loom apart from each other
hhd s-e in the exports aud also 10 the imports
the prosperity OF nation. Turkey is the par
aaise OF Brush free trade. Not only does she
admit foreign produce free of all duty except
from three TO iige per cent. but she also permits
foreign traders 90 carry lheir goods from town to
town throughout The empire for sale pcddlng
tne" ott 10 mr. unfortunate people, the cOnse-
q 'nce Vi winch is that storckecpers are almost
aa scarce manufacturers and her impoversh-
ell Guilty. tors have not even place at which
tcf exchange Their produce for cloth or
iron sugar or coffee II is therefore constantly
wasted On the ground and the landowner and
~ occupant are reduced 10 poverty. while the
nation Hseil is the scurn OF the world for IT'S
weakness. Russm protects her people IN ti,nr
efforts to bring the plough aud the loom into
conn cuon with each other, and therefore does
slir grow strong, while her people are becoming
nom day TO day more free. Turkey leaves her
people TO the tender mercy of British iree-trad
ers' and therefore does she from day to lay be
come more weak, while her people become from
DAY 10 day more enslaved; aud yet have we a.
mong ourselves men who would counsel the ad-
option OF the same measures under which Tur
hey has seen her manufactures destroyed, and
under which her agriculture Is gradually dying
out. Il Is time that the farmer should under.
stand That he It is that needs protection and that
without II ans farm would have speedily little
more value than those of Turkey and he hun
sell would become the mere newer of wood
and drawer Of water to British mohopol SIS.
Vermont watchman and State journal. [volume] (Montpelier, Vt.) 1836-1883, 1852-08-19

Cutting TIMBFR When it is deter
mind to cut timber, il is of considerable
importance to strip off the bark in the
spring that the body of the tree may dry
during summcr. When, however, il Is
an object to reproduce a forest from the
remaining stumps, then winter, or the
very frs Of spring. is much more favor
able 70 The growth Of sprouts.
There are then. two seasons for cut
ting wood If Il is expected 10 last, it
must be cut The last Of tie summer. or
during the early part Of autumn If i, is
wished 10 clothe the surface with a new
growth OF trees, the cutting must be
made late in winter.
It's however, possible TO modify these
arrangements II, for example, the wood
is designed fof timber, !; is deprived of
lis bark ia the spring, II may be illowed
to stand aud Season tlI winter arrives,
which is a period when farmers have
less 10 do than IN summer or auium.
Vermont watchman and State journal. [volume] (Montpelier, Vt.) 1836-1883, 1852-08-19
Who Oppose General Scott ;

1t is common remark that you may know a
man by his friends. You can tell something a
bout him BY noticing who are his eneunes Gen.
SCOTT has voriousopponents.
Rev. Mr.. Brownlow opposes him because he
caused the churches and religious services Of the
Catholics in Nexlco TO be respected bv his SOL
dlers. And all supporters OF the Religious est
in New Hampshire, and sectauan bgots every
where, follow the lead of Rev. Mr.. Brownlow.
The London Times opposes him because Gen.
Pierce will be valuable practical ally TO the
commercial policy of England" by which | Gland
has been ruined and America seriously injured.
And the capitalists and l,ndholdprs III England
follow the lead of The london Times.
Nessrs. roombs and -tephens oppose ann he
cause he gives no other guarantee for the poll
cy of his administration than the known lucid
cnis OF IA long lite" and they W looked thfou h
them, and can find nothing that indicates any
leaning toward their views. And the Southern
Secessionists follow the lead OF Messrs. oonbs
and stephens
The PHILADELPHIA Sun opposes him, because
he is disposed to grant loo many privileges to
foreigners" And Nahvlsts every where follow
the lead OF The PhilGdsl hia SIM.
The MexIcans and Canadians oppose hiln, be-
cause they think he Is too much OF d military
NAM
he South Carolina and Frontier malconlents
oppose hun, because they think he is too much
OF Peace man.
The nags and Sawyers and Shoals and
Breakers IN the Rivers and arbors oppose hun,
because they know that It he Is elected they
will have to more.
Locofoeo ofiice-hoders, here and there, oppose
hun Tor the same reason.
nd the greater part of the Loeofoco party
follow their lead, simply because they are Loco
tocos, without knowing why or whereiore.-.ito
Journal.
Vermont watchman and State journal. [volume] (Montpelier, Vt.) 1836-1883, 1852-08-19


SHoRrtNiNG-IN. - Tins process may be
successfully applied to apple, pear, peach,
cherry aud plum frees and 10 vines, at Va
rIous kinds such as melons, cucumberS,
squashes aud pnmPklhs, lWnatus, a.. GA
iruh trees, the nper 'Iion Is thus performed.
Downing says at the end ul February or
As early ~ the sprlng d. may be- We c"m-
uenee pruning the peach, ln It's first bl,,-
suniug year Fms C insists only cutting
off half the last years growth over the
wn"le outside # the head Of the lree. aud
also up 90 the amer d" furh,s A. the u,u-
ID aver e. CROWN T. il.a' one tWu ieet, sc
shall necessarily take II fum six to tWene
mc.,- lin.,J u't b, done uh pfeci-s
mc4,D ....tl. luu .d, ie -iu aae-t sho. O.,
,h.4u shortened back uo,i, 100 order iu
bra4 q. ice alhrr-. aod au} long or Pr'-
r.. iins mn,tIat dc.lfu, tine balance of nr
neic. al ne cut picN tn uniform
i,n-ih. Tms brmg. ihe tree nto wei
rounded shape. B, reducing the young
40. d one half. We 40 ne sane uu,e reduce
the cumug crop one ha.i ga nunorr. Tao
Vermont watchman and State journal. [volume] (Montpelier, Vt.) 1836-1883, 1852-08-19

CHANGES PRoDUCED by CULTIVATION.
THE entire appearance of many plants
is changed by modifying their Treatment.
Woods Botany informs us, that q The
cabbage, In It's wild state, is slender,
branching herb, with no Appearance of
u head. The potato, 10 its native wilds
of tropical America, ls rank. running
VINE, with scarcely tnber upon its rools..
All the rich and delicate varieties of the
apple have sprung, by artificial means.
from an austere forest fruit.
Let not those farmers, who barely
plough four To six inches deep, manure
slightly, and hoe seldom, il ever, in a
proper manner, talk about cultiratinr
corn, or wheat, or parsnips, till they can
show more change in their crop from its
appearance when left TO ITSELF than has
been often Witnessed in certain Quarters
hitherto.
Vermont watchman and State journal. [volume] (Montpelier, Vt.) 1836-1883, 1852-08-19

SALT YoUR HAY. Especially that
which Is cut late IN the season, and all,
at any season that is not perfectly well
cured. As much salt applied to the hay
on placing il away, as The cattle would
naturally eat during The time they are
consuming the hay, gives relish which
Is very agreeable TO the stock. Besides,
hay keeps better with two or three quarts
of good salt applied to the ton. IIay
that IS not cured thoroughly is much i'm
proved byit Try it, alongside with that
not salled, aud observe whether there is
n difference. You will then know next
year whether It is IA waste Of salt or not
to apply it 10 hay.
Vermont watchman and State journal. [volume] (Montpelier, Vt.) 1836-1883, 1852-08-19

rHE PARsNIr. This is a sweet, rich aud
delicious roat. aud alike palatabie 10 man
and beast, II is easily cultivated, whether
as a garden vegetable, for the table, ~ a
ield crop tor catt.. aud Ia good soil.
deeply plowed aud well puyerlsed, yields a
very great crop We have them both N
garden aud field, aud they promise a rich
return for a trihnl outlay. On the islands
of Jersey and Guernsey the parsnip is ex-
iensI,ely cultivated, and /, is said tina, all
The pork on the later island is faiteued
with this root, aud IS noted fur its dellcacy
and favour We are quite Confident that
ine farmers Of Vernon, RAISE % few ronis,
I r their ,wn pr fl aud The benefit of their
-tnck. Cows ~ the winter season, fed ex-
rluslvelt on dry hay, cannot reasonably be
cNpecied topay for their keeping, IN good
supply of mix They should be treated to
uaugel Wur,ei, RltA Boz, Carrus aud
Pirsnips. The 40 re- e the two latter the
f,aftr.
Vermont watchman and State journal. [volume] (Montpelier, Vt.) 1836-1883, 1852-08-19
End of Fiscal Year-Imports.

The fiscal year of the Federal Treasury
closes, b! regulation Of Congress on the 30th
June The year Just ended Will probably exhibi,
when the official ia les are mids up. an import
trade less by eferen and qt,vitr million doiir,s
than during the preceding year. Taxing the
business Of n. York, where 90 per cent Of the
total Foreign receipts are usually entered as a
basis, and the Informal monthly tables AZ sub
stintally correct, 1t would seem that while there
mas beena falling oil If lpe n'. on asst a s
import Of Dry Goods there has besu a sli4ht u
crease added 70 the receipts Of G. neral FIRE ga
Merchandise. And the result, taken toyeth r. Is
as stated.
The following Is summary Of Zoe monthly ta-
bles Of Imports Inferred at New York TOR the
Il al year ending 30 June. 81.
IanI IL. =.
Vermont watchman and State journal. [volume] (Montpelier, Vt.) 1836-1883, 1852-08-19

heavy foliage aud handsome fruit. Can any
intelligent man hesitate about adopting 50
simple course OF treatment to secure so
valuable result"
romatos aud vines are shoriened-in bv
eating of all shoots aud small tomatoes that
are more than eighteen inc es above the
ground - on vines cut off all that run more
than six feet from the mainstem, except M
winter squashrs--never let them run more
than ten feet, aud trim nfF the outer shoots.
The yield will be more abundant, and the
vegetable Of bener qnlInv.
Vermont watchman and State journal. [volume] (Montpelier, Vt.) 1836-1883, 1852-08-19

WHAT IS North DOING, no We'll.
To none Of the business of life does
this Il junction apply with so much force
as to that of the farmer. The mechanic
and the professional man are also re-
minded that their work should be done
well All classes OF men and all branches
OF business prosper in proportion to
the sirictness with which this rule is
lived up To. II is safe everywhere TO
conclude that If a thing is worth doing
al all, II may be made profitable gener-
ally by doing ihoroughl, and well The
farmer who occupies a farm of two hun
bred acres, when his means would allow
hum 10 take proper care of but fifty
acres. does his work badly and gels but
poor returns. FIny acres of land made
good and productive, IS more profitable
than one hundred acres of land, tolera-
bly, good aud bul Indifferent, cultiva-
ted. And yet are seen hundreds of
farmers who have large farms under
their direction who gel but scanty crops.
They labor hard but don't seem to get
alorg well. The truth is, they get but
half crops, while their ouigoes, IN the
shape of extra interest on investments
&c, are doubled. The testimony of.
all is that such course is bad policy,
aud II II "ioubtedI, is bad policy, but
still hundreds pursue II, working hard:
all their life Time, and conclude that the
business Of tlIlIng the soil is hard. bust
ness. Let them adopt the motto, do
we'll whatever you do, and thing the
soil is not so hard after all.
Jefferson. Farmer.
Vermont watchman and State journal. [volume] (Montpelier, Vt.) 1836-1883, 1852-08-19
"I'll Think of it,"

Will you: Well. that is better than
nothing. But have 81 oilen heard boys
and girls say so who never did anything
bur think, that | confess am a lti,Ie
afraid when one tells me he will =" think
about It, that the matter will end there's
Thinking is well enough, but il IS not
worth much without DONG, So be de-
llberale, bnt do not think too long.
Vermont watchman and State journal. [volume] (Montpelier, Vt.) 1836-1883, 1852-08-19
rs Sc ECt-PkT~IDENr.
WIN. A. GRAHAM,
The andidate.

'''
The Springfield kepubl gives the follow
@g eE,eAea' summary Of the prominent events
ol p,n' scout
y" ~ soy : we son OF irnef w hham
,.l "'s porn netr fetefsours' virginia
% 3n' TOM OF 'uirs' leo.
'su se,d e1ucahon through the
HD a'' " 'ueUce 81 /. no h'f, received 'nslruc-
tia',' ana vary o"es ana was adj
~ 'ie Y"I 10 10
=" "Y NC. received rom Jefferson com
/" ~ ~ "i "-n hrlhert.
'".e' - oecNh' - 'ul Oo' oil % ariil-
)" ''"' u iru regin nl'
''i' N'ir volunteers Nd tle D'ttle OF az ms
TO-, '''' 'h i,,' h.el's ana IS m",'d
on. l3ih, by iorc tons times a, large As bis
e" 'n' .nJ inron- conflict
o' 'H'e p'u.sl tT'shnen'
'o'' N.t OF
br fpngr SIS fyor OF the IRISH
i' i"' 'H' "tnrfH Oh ihe army at
'a t'.- IN tnc -ni fl
F"lt u'"Tg''
'' "' " Ae ven Coz uAins
-".'i In lhe seem ul u'e L La"
" Is mtl' d PER " n'fii'
".S 700 9'H "i 'he u""ps
~. '"P '' ""ui-'' At"" 4y 'n" june
guy l'l4' 'onnl'nds the advance brigade
.-l n- ine iitr "f hipp a.
guy 90 ~ O. co'9mahls in' advance brigade
battle oi magyar ,i'undy Lame III
20 u' : severely wounded.
cited alor General July p. lcli.
" lel' N red by President Madison
ne ,i'c..nns, being less thfnihuy years of age.
N'' ~ Europe ~ loI3-ln' WIN ven"
''''laiy prohclency ana AZ me same tIne'
snce 'SsinIly an important commission
"o' "'7 Government.
u- hurried March loiH
,s,, t's ana publishes the Military institutes
'n travels M Europa loEt-
guy : ief' marks on inc LIKES command
"s oops Tor lhe BLACK lia"k war
'l'noer, 1851 Is commissioned to treat "uh
ui'hs'
N'ne year concludes several treaties.
'ln' year, WINE Nui'ille'tioh was at us he'eh'
ooli4lahd I'D hArlesio"h' > - uhdef ule
N-'s =, PRESIDENT Jackson
~ $50 commands IN Florida
'clooer ESQ ppears bet re court Of lnqul-
y, makes celebrated speech and receives the
'a,oraole judgement OF the Court
december le5|, commands on the Canada
"gnuef' after the burning OF the Caroline makes
the peace Of the country
Miy ieiS. removes the Cherokees by order OF
"' government.
Vermont watchman and State journal. [volume] (Montpelier, Vt.) 1836-1883, 1852-08-19

Iglobe. This precipitation Of water is
effected by change Of temperature !;
which change is the result OF the revo-
luton of the earth on its axis and of
solar heat. Day and night, spring, sum-
mer, autumn aud winter, with their ever
varying temperature, varying winds and
clouds and constantly changing humid
ity, are all results of fixed laws, which
invite the reseufch Of every reasoning
mind
Vermont watchman and State journal. [volume] (Montpelier, Vt.) 1836-1883, 1852-08-19

>ignifcdnt-A ierce aud King campaign
paper called the " Democratic Platform" pub
iisned in Virginia, has been sent 10 Us Among
the establishment Of Its columns we notice the
figure of negro, with pack upon his back, IN
the act of running away Over this figure are
the words" northern wing ticket scott and
Graham" The fugitive from service" has
these words put into his mouth;
DIS Niger of 10 de free State ! .tfdssa coil
(, Stieard da g,olne 10 peal the rugby Laso ana
len us .iggers gus our liberty We no nina
lat Gardiner Niger opnsr he only put dar Jo'
blind p
This is the way the enemies of Gen Scott
elec,ioneer sgains. him in the South. -Casdoni-
On.
Vermont watchman and State journal. [volume] (Montpelier, Vt.) 1836-1883, 1852-08-19
VOL. XLVT, NO. 80. WHOLE NO. 5000.

that they died in an hour. The value
oi the bees destroyed was l500f., and of
the horses 35OOf A few DAYS before.
bees from the same hives killed II Cos
Inns