The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1852-12-07

ooU0lUx 0OSJO0 COu0.
try to Europe In the table Of exports from Charleston
in l7l7lS when bags shipped; the next per-
and third Of oos S.s, Ms made ,
1854 which England seized the ground that America
could not produce quantity so great The s%ount
1895, 627esoo pounds; in 1900 17.7saS0s pounds; in
1910 90 26l a62 pounds in 1S202l 12tS9S 405 pounds
in 1S30sl 276S79 7s4 pounds in 1s40-4l 2Oa 100
pounds; in ls5o-5l S27 2s7, os9 pounds.
cultivated Vas poun o. ' issS 'I S7 500
pounds showing ON increase Of 1876 e70,326 pounds
that the culture Of cotton Is rapidly dmlu
doubtless giving place to other productions Of the
,oil There has been heavy falling of also 10
Buths dminuton 10 the former etate and the failure
OF shy advance in the latter accounted fer by the
But for that calamity probable that their
yield would have eqpaled that Of Alabama which
occupies the first place as cotton planting State and
Immense the extent and value Of this crop has be-
come it is not extrsvsgan to anticipate rate OF in
for the current decennial period which will bring
up the aggregate for the year 1860 900 600 bales
The average annual yield for the five years ending with
1885 estimated at 055 600 bales for the pc
Rod ending in 1910 100000 for like period termina
ting with 1850 227s ooo bales Had disturbing
interrupt the progressive advance the 1850
would have exceeded 100000 bales
BucxwHEAr
Buckwheat Is cultivated in almost every part Of the
temperate and arctic climates of the civilized world for
the arinaceous albumen Of its seeds which, when pro
pery cooked affords delicious article OF food to large
portion OF the human 1t also excellent
fodder to mich and the when green aud
oonyertt into hay and the rpened fed to cat
tie pou, and swine 1t is believed be native of
Central Asia it ia supposed to have been first brought
to Europe in the early part the twelfth century the
time OF the crusadss for tho Of Syria from the
dominion OF the SaraceDs while others contend that it
introduced into Spain by the Moors four hundred
years before.
This grain appears ct to have been much cultivated in
this country prior to the last century 1t often
mentioned by writer's America previous to that
/ 2Wqdea dat Sfnckh OlU in
1t among the productions of that province; aud Kahn
the Swedish naturalist, who visited this country in
Jersey and New York; and several American writers ON
agricultural subjects have treated oft since.
The cultivation Of buckwheat in other Of its
species Is principally confined to Great Britain. France,
Switzerland, Italy Netherlands Germany, Sweden Rus
dis and northern portions of The United States '-
In this country from 80 to As bushels per may be
as an averas yield in favorable seasons and
situations but 20 or more bushels not unfrequently
produced.
This grain heretofore has never entered Into our
1s4c the quantity raised in the United States
was I ,2s1 74s bushels; Of 1850 s,sSe,sle bushels.
Barley like wheat has been cultivated In Syria and
Egypt for ore than 5000 years and not until
after the Romans sdopted the Of wheaton bread that
Of warm climate it is known to be the most pro-
ductive in mild and will within the tropics
elevation OF 600 or 006 feet above the level of the
sea one ofthe staple crops Of northern and noun
famous Europe and Asia
Inc introduction OF barley INTO the brltlsn American
colonies be traced back to the period Of their settle
ment 1t was sown by Gosnold together With other
Islands 1902 by the colonsts Virginia in 1911
By the year 1913 it raised in abundance In that
colony but soon after its culture suffered to decline
in consequence OF the profitable increased
duction Of tobacco 1t has also been span9y cultivated
in the regions Of the middle and Northern States for
mailing and distillaon and has been employed after
being hulled substitute for rice Although believed
to have been Indigenous to the countries bordering
the toriid this grain possesses the sx
blity maturing favorable situations
the Eastern continent far north 10 degrees and
fouIishes well in latitude AZ degrees South Along tho
Atlantic eide the ntinent America its growth is
restricted to the tract lying between the Both and 50th
South Near the erly It's range lies principally
between latitude 20 and 81 degrees north Barley is at
present extensively in the temperate districts
islands Of Europe Asia, Africa and Australia
Spain, Sicily. the Canaries, Azores and Madeira two
crops are produced in year In North America its
Western and Northern States Of the Union Cana
da New Brunswick, Nova Scotia and Newfoundland.
The barley chiefly cultivated in the United States is
the rowed variety which is generally preferred
the its berry and it's freedom from smut The
yield varies from 80 so bshes per weigh
ing from As to So pounds to the b1shel
Bailey has never been much expor from this country,
have been rather than producers of this
grain l747-4s there shipped from Charleston
to England Is casks.
manufacture of malt and sprtuous liquors amounted
$3.50 coo bushels According to the returns of
140 the annual smount of barley raised in the United
States 16l 504 buhels in 1850 5167 Oi6 bushels
POTATOES
The common English Irish potato (Solaaum tubero-
extensively cultivated Throughout most of the
countries Of the civilized globe contributing
1t does to the necessities of large portion thu hui
race as well as to the and fatteninr Of
stock is regarded Of but little Importance
national economy than maize. wheat rice 1t has
found in an indigenous state in Chill the mountains
Valparaiso and Mendoza; also Mentevideo,
Lima Quito well in Santa Fe de Bogota and more
recently in Mexico on the TANKS of orizaos
The history Of this plant in connection with TIN of
the sweet potato involved in obscurty the
Of their introduction into Europe somewhat conflict
Ing and often they appear to be COMPOUNDED with
another. The common kind d ,ubt less introduced
into Spain In the early part of the sixteenth century,
from the neighborhooc OF Quito where well in all
Spanish countries, the tubers kno papas The
rt published account Of it find record is in
Cronica del Peru by Pedrs de Ceca printed AZ Seville in
1853 in which it is describsd d, ard illustrated by
craving From Spain 1t appears to have found its way
into italy where IT assumed the same name as the true
1t received by Cusus, at Vienna in 1898 in whose
time 1t spread rapidly in the South of Europe and
into Germany To England it is said to have found its
by different route, having been brought from VIZ
Rinia by Raleigh colonists in 1856 which would
improbable as it was unknown in Moth America at that
time either wild cultivated and besides Cough. in
his edit on of Csmden's Britannia says 4, first
planted by Sir Walter Raleigh, his e.tstc at Yougha,
Cork and that it cu tivaied ireland before
lis value known in England Gerard in his Her
BAL published in 1927 gives figure OF this PLAN under
Bataa eduhs and recommends the to be eaten
delicate dish but not a common food. The
potato says Sir joseph Banks was used in England "a
delicacy long before the introduction Of potatoes
II was imported in considerable quantities from Spain
and The Csnares and vas supposed to the power
potato accidentally introduce in England from
Ireland at period somewhat earlier that noticed
by Gerard in consequence Of the wrecking Of vessel
the coast Of Lancashire which bad qusntiy board
In 1868 the Royal Society OF England took for
the cultivation Of this vegetable with the view Of pre-
venting famine
Notwithstanding lite utility foed became better
known high character attached to It; and ire
writer's gardening towards the end Of the seventeenth
century hundred years after its utro iuction
treated q 1t rather inoerently They much used
In Ireland and America breado says author and
may be propaga'ed with advantage to poor people "
TIE famous nurser ymen Loudon and Wise did not
cersider worthy of notice In their Complete Gardener
published in l7g But its gradually spread its
txcelencies became better understood 1t the
middle Of the last century before generally known
either in Britain North America since which 1t has
been most extensively cultivated
The period OF the introduction Of the common potato
into the Bith Norts american Colonies Is not precisely
known IL is mentioned among the products Of Carolina
/ Virginia In ia and BY Kahn gro wing in NeR