The daily union., 1852-02-13
-H,4 Ia1R y hG

Appropriation was applied IN these three States, and lwo
thirds IN the new States. The total amount IRON all
sources gives, as the amount Ia money and land
received Tor hls purpose ln each Of The Land aiaies,
Sl5J7 23l II should be further remark ed that not only
was the Cumberland road charged upon The funds re-
served TO the States The sale OF the public lands but
those funds were applied 20 lis construction as well in
the old States the OF the hye per cent on the
receipt from these sales per cent expressly APP
pfopriaed Tor making that part OF the road which was
located in the old Slaes-thus saddng The expense Of
the construction Of the road in the old States upon the
per ceniage reserved on The sales OF the lands in the
States.
The total amount OF all the appropriations in land and
money to the Twelve land States would be sufficient TO
make seven hundred aud orylour miles OF railroad
giving on an average some sixty two miles oil railroad 10
each Of these States. But Illinois and Indiana have re-
ceived, as before remarked, much larger proportion
than any OF the other States ii average the
ceips OF the ether ten o, these States they found
sufficient 10 construct only thirty Hour miles oil railroad IN
each Of these immensely large States. Ii any
toned 10 look al the subject OF the expense for improve
nents Of this kind should be told that in States which
contain thirty five thousand, forty thousand, fifty
thousand, or slxY-Ihousand square miles, enough had
been appropriated to construct thirty our miles OF rail-
road, he would consider il great matter for b0asng
Compare tins result with what has been done IN the old
States BY individual enterprise. No State that has only
that extent OF Taroad-none OF the smallest size
would be considered having entered the work
of Internal Improvements with only thirty -four miles of
road and yet This is all that has been done by the gov
eminent IN he great western States make the reduc-
uop 10 that criterion that may more distinctly how
nuch IN the way OF Internal Improvements, has been be-
slowed
the owner OF three hundred and ninetytwo millions OF
acfeswhose liberaIy is umpeted great beyond ex-
ample. For fifty aad more this proprietor has been
dispensing his bounes and building up his sovereign
States.
In the half century donations Of land and money for
internal communication have been given in this great
gon equal 10 the building OF some seven hundred and
your miles OF railroad During this time. some two
hundred and sixty millions OF money have been received
IRON The sales OF land therein An immense work OF sub
DUNG the forest has been progressing and the wilder
ness has been made the abode OF civilization wealth, and
prosperity. More than seven millions OF people now In
habit those States, extending civilization and the arts
from The great lakes TO the Mexican Gulf And during
this times after deduclng all expense OF purchase survey
and management OF the public domain which has been
sold net proceed OF more than sixty millions OF dollars
has been received by the general government adding
the value al the premium prce OF the land used by gov
eminent Tor private purposes, some sevenyve millions
OF dollars And yet these appropriations made for build
ing up and improving this whole country dunng the last
hy years, amount only TO enough 10 construct hr
tyfour, or, al mGs Slxtylwo miles oil railroad each
Stale With all the disadvantages under which the in
dlvldua settlers labor IN these and yet sparsely
settled States, they have accomplished, wllhou, aid,
work worthy oil note Alabama, aud Mississippi, and
Louisiana, and Indiana and Illinois, have each OF them
railroads, constructed by private enterprise, than
could be built with all the appropriations OF land and
money Tor internal improvements OF all kinds heretofore
granted to them Michigan has more than five times
and Ohio more than six times much The twelve
States have eleven hundred and ilty-six miles hese
are the results oil private enterprise While the OF
every eghyacre lot deems his interest promoted, and
gladly contributes his mite Tor works OF great public Inn
IN vaue and The interest OF the great republic promoted
seems 10 be thought that the great proprietor should do
nothing.
In all new countries grants Of uncutvated lands have
been liberal, and usually made with view 10 promote
settlements Nominal prices only have been asked and
conditions ol settlement usually imposed The building
OF mill or the making OF a road often chief
slderaiion Large portions OF country frequently
gwen away TO promote settlement In OF the orgi.
nal States have the lands belonging tue States been
sold at so hgh pnce, OF with 50 little proportional ek
pendiue IN opening them for sue, those held by the
government Of the United States
The State OF Maine has within her borders large eX
tent OF territory OF unceded lands managed by the Stale
Massachusetts has also an interest there. Maine has
for years administered her lands on the most liberal pol
ICY The agricultural lands sold at a nominal
price, and liberal grants made from the treasury every
year ior roads through her domain Texas owns i'm.
mense tracts OF land and dreams OF anything but
the most liberal policy TO advance It's settlement and cu
uyaton.
One OF The great objects designed BY the cessions OF the
public domain TO the United Sates was, have already
SAID 10 build up States aud ID enlarge and strengthen
common country. We in danger oi overlook
ing the Importance naioa, aud All the members
oil Il, OF this great object Already the advantages thus
derived from Tue expansion Of our country are Rcalcu-
liable
Let the Atlantic States say whether they have received
no benefit from the settlement and prosperity OF the
West Let eastern manufacturers say il they have gained
nothing from The profitable traffic with the West Let
the seapoTts OF the Atlantic declare II the immense
trade with the West has poured treasures into their
Golfers
These twelve States have brought no ordinary offering
nual production OF 450OO,000 bushels OF wheat, 29J,
00D 900 bushels of corn. 3OOOOOO0 pounds OF tobacco
5J3OOO00 pounds OF cotton, 20 900 pounds OF WOOL
2S,000 600 tons OF hemp, 32 100000 pounds OF sugar
In all oil these articles the twelve States only rival in
amount all the other States IN the aggregate but in many
OF them almos, the exclusive producers. The in.
hablanis OF these States have paid their share OF the
public burdens They have added their strength the
army and the navy, They have contributed their force
TO The impetus which in little Than half century
has pushed on the national growth from infancy lis
present magnitude and strength.
The great feature that marks the history OF this nation
Is ITS unexamped growth The great Characteristic
which marks the century will be found hereafter in the
historic page 10 be the rapid increase OF this united
ton IN all that constitutes national greatness And who
ever anayzes this growth will lind OF its i'm
portant elements doing ts work in the basin OF the Mis-
sssp and The lakes, and adding there State after State
10 the Union
II again. shrinking away from our present broad
extensions and noble proportions fancy the nation
compressed within ITS original limits, and again trans
formed TO the dwarage Of the days oil the revolution we
should realize, 10 extent the value Of national
growth.
For the promotion OF this growth the care OF the un-
settled lands committed 10 the general government
If, in advancing the great object they had found il
cessaIy 10 every OF the domain 20 settle and
buldup States, would have been faithfully administered
IL would have been a small prce 10 pay for the adyan
tages accruing TO The conederacy, in which every
Der participates For the purpose o administering that
great trust, ther power over II is unlimited. Whatever
lsneeded to promote the saes-whateyer IS advisable 10
be done IN connexon with II TO bring Il into market,
induce settlers TO come upon it, or 10 foster the prosper
~ oil the community upon and about H. with view to
the salesand setlemenl-hey have ig power perform
Apobcy which should appropriate portion OF i in Sc.