The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1852-06-16


70 be paid, and do not complain They cheerfully
gave the money, either to get puff in the newspa-
psrs, to have the privilege Of hearing the great
speech maker Of Hungary. Kossuth is a shrewd
one after all.
In short time Kossuth intends to leave New
York for Liverpool and London In the latter me-
tropos he will take up his residence, wait and watch
for the great revolution to break out and them with
his Sl50, 900, give it direction that will upset all
the despots of Europe in one fell swoop.
Tho Temperatures OF the Catholic Church
The DEGREES OF the Council OF Baltimore.
We briefly advorted, few days ago, to the Pas
Church in tho United States, to ''the venerable
brethren of the clergy, and beloved children Of the
laity;" but the document is of such vast i'm
rortance involving as it does many considerations
affecting the present position and future progress
! Of Catholicism in North America, and influencing,
perhaps, the mighty destiny of the country itself,
/ that it calls for more than q passing notice. We
therefore deem il duty to return to tbs subject,
and point in detail the dangerous tendency of the
principle first broached by Archbishop Hughes, and
SO broadly and emphatically asserted by all the
bishops in Council assembled. II il the beginning
i OF the eHU--tHe C0Wkueuccmcut VI INC sumo SpIlt
ofdespoiism that, in the ancient church, began hy
changing the voluntary princple of Christianity
into compulsory support ofthe bishops and clergy,
who proceeded step by step till they grasped not
only church property and temporalties, but tho
whole political power Of the old Roman Empire in
her decline and of Europe after tho close Of that
empire, and even has aimed al The universal 10
minion Of the habtabc globe ever since.
II is curious to trace the rise and progress Of tho
power Of bishops in he history Of Christianity At
first, bishops we're simply pastors Of churchcs-tkat
| is, each bishop the minister of congregs-
| ton. elected by the people, and subject to be
delosed by the people for misconduct He
was indifferently called bishop, "episkopos," or
| presby.er (elder), Yyesb"t0os." The only
other officers Of church the deacons-lay-
| mountaineering to the modern trustees; and their
business to attend to the temporal concerns OF
the congregation. In these times the clergy neither
had nor wished to have the management Of the TOM
poralites, Each congregation distinct church,
independent Of al external control, and there was
no such thing as an aggregation Of churches being
called church, find at the present day. The
word translated church, is :" ekkesia, and means
assembly, congregation; and it has the Same
meaning in Greek profane authors, who applied
it to the regularly called meetings Of the people
There is fact evident in tho writings Of the
New Testament, and from those fragments Of the
history Of the primitive churches still preserved,
than the independence Of each congregation. Such
was the simple democratic republican principle o
church government in the frat dawn Of Christianity
In process Of time, the clergy held assemblies, or
synods; and By sort Of courtesy the bishops Of the
important cities called to preside ut these
conventions, which were always held in such cities
What first conceded . courtesy, afterwards
grew into . pretended right, and the bishops Of
Rome, Antioch, Constantinople, and Alexandria,
were called primates and netropolitans, and at last
patriarchs, instead Of simple bishops (piskoroD,
which only meant oyersecrs, or those who watched
over the fockn fact, pastors, OF shepherds Of souls
The next step in the progress of the spiritual HER
archy, the creation Of diocesan bishops, giving
them the rule over the clergy Of q docess. But
at this time, the Bishop Of Rome pretend
Cd to dreamt of any superiority over the bishops
Of the churches Of the other cities have named,
Of any jurisdiction over any church or bishop in
the world. In fact, the innovation began with ano-
Their city, and that only in the end Of the sixth
fury. In SIS, John Of Consantinople, the antitype
Of John Of New York, assumed tho title Of Uni
versal Bishop and the title was confirmed by q
COUNCIL Cl uIHC, III sStSlOH III Sdlu Guy. LIE
of John assumed the title Gregory the
Great" who was then Bishop Of Rome, took UNI
brsge at the boldncss Of the Bishop Of CONSTANT
nople in assuming title which, in point of pre-
cedence, belonged to Rome, if to any city, but
which his conscience would not permit him to take
Gregory died in the year 6O4 of the Christian era,
and Boniiace, his successor, not only had scrups
to take the title, but actually sought it from the
Emperor Phocas, with the privilege Of transmitting
it to his successors The proaigate emperor, to
crafty the ambition Of his court sycophant, do
prived the Bishop Of Constantinope Of the title,
and conferred it Boniface, in the year 6O6 at the
same time declaring the Church Of Rome to DO the
head Of all other churches
Previous to this, the Bishop Of Rome had acquired
great power and influence; but this was driving
homo the wedge which had been inserted long be-
fsre. The Emperor Constantine, in the beginning
of the fourth century, was the first to establish
Christianity as a state engine, and to make it .
thing Of this world. He succeeded emperors who
prosecuted the faith, which seemed to flourish the
more for being oppressed. and to bs only corrupted
and contaminated by its contact with the state. !
lie gave liberty to his subjects to make requests to
tho church, and set Q liberal example himself. !
Constantus succeeded Constantine, and favored |
Aranism. Julian, called "the Apostatc," sue
oesded him. and not only placed Psganism on an |
equal footing with Christianity, but discouraged |
the latter in every way. Jovian succeeded Julian |
in 363, and established Christianity again. and
from this time Paganism appeared to die away
But what the faith Of the Nazarens gained 10 TEN
rorn power, it lost in purity and efulgenee. At |
this time there decided increase in the in
fuence Of the Bishop of Rome. We are informed
by the historian that he surpassed all his brethren
in the magnifcence and spendor Of the church over
which he prssided-in the riches Of his revenues and
posse ssionsin the number and variety Of his minis
ters-n his credit with the people, and in his sump-
tuous and splendid manner Of living. This led
. heather, who was magistrate Of the
ctv to say omake me Bishop Of Rome and |, toe,