davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The daily union. [volume] (Washington [D.C.]) 1845-1857, 1852-04-06

Columbian College, ID. q.
THE winter OF months will be opened the b~
Il September. -
Tuition for the session.
Room, library bed, and furniture.
Table servants per "
Charges students who do board I'm
Room, library and furniture
Fuel ntcosi washing S7k per dozen. ,,c.
Marculaon Fee slO; and small charge for aveTnge r
The necessary college expenses exclusive Of books and ~
exceed per Students be admitted
time the opening Of the session preferable Blls paya"e
months In advance. y lee.
our students have the opportunity OF attending the courses o.
guished Of science ~ e ~ a.
Of hearing the debates in Congress s,h
the Supreme advantages WV"
NJ college present - :. -,.-Aw
Cothrar HfLr, August, 1861, Aug
The daily union. [volume] (Washington [D.C.]) 1845-1857, 1852-04-06
MOSES l.. HOLT,
ATTosNEY AND COUNSELLOR AT LAW,
San Franeiseo, California.

MOSES j.. HOLT,
ATTosNRY COUNSELLOR Law,
San Faneisco, California.
Hon. g. w. Bge NJ c. Alabana John 8. Taylor
Mobile, Alabama Mesrs Rhodes Wright Co., New Or
Louisiana Henry Clark esq., Tarboo' North Carolina
Nj California;; Benz X. True, New York
city r. Heaey, esq., boston, Massachusetts, H. Hatch,
Portsmouth, New Hampshire May 7--2awly
NEW York CALIFORNIA; millionaire Association
In dollars Capital 81 000,
Of obtained by influential
capital special admitted
New York, free from
the Of 900 cash, and
therefor cent annually
prospect OF doubling the whole in safe operations In
mining the United States under the direction and con-
trsl Of OLIVER HOLDEN,
Az and Chief Agent ofthe Company
No. n Wall street, New York.
Carnians responsible parties throughout the Union
who aid obtaining contracts with the United States on apP
be employed diff
points, where line Of steamers and vessel. can be made
trade the mails and freight TO and
from Europe, Asia Africa, and the Americas
increasing business doing with Califor-
ns The Pacific and long The supply q gold continues
goods and manufactures, VIII aSonsh the
liberal and calculations therefor And il is 70 meet this
profit this association being formed
der The Arm and style OF 80 O. HOLDEN h CO.,
ommer Commission Merchants, Banking,
Insurn Mining Agents, New York and San Francisco
Capital 81 300 300.
Feb2-u
The daily union. [volume] (Washington [D.C.]) 1845-1857, 1852-04-06

The steamship Columbia will ply connection with the
above steamers San Francisco and ports in Oregon
allowed $50 lbs baggage ee, not
ceeding in 10 cubic feet
10 cents foot and from
Francisco the rate Of 500 per ton.
freight apply al the ONCE Of The company IA
West street, New York city, M o. ROBERTS.
Jan l6-d3m
The daily union. [volume] (Washington [D.C.]) 1845-1857, 1852-04-06

ON petition Trseau George Wolf Of Conmn
Pa, and James Doughsry Of Philadelphia, Pa praying ion d.
the mode Of making wheels TO be used railroads. a..
ina' Se dss
petition at the Patent o@
Tuesday the sixteenth day Of March at a O'Clock, and
persons are notified 20 appear and show cause, they have
Persons opposing the extension required TO file Patent
twenty days day ofhearias testimony filed BY e
party be used the said hearing BIO uanmd
in accordance with the rules OF the Office which will unshe
Ordered also that this notice be published in the National 0
suirer Providence Journal Providence, Pilshss O.
ee Mass once Week or hes Sea weeks a
" THos. EwBANK,
t@t@f Commissioner Of Patents.
g. Editors Of the above papers win please copy send then
bills the Paten, once, with paper containing
Jan I6--law3w
INFORMATION WANTED.--Air. r. G GORDON reeenly
deceased The Sacramento Hospital, California, and his
The thai viii
s as h estate Is po" viii se Of
VIM Wa'ae pubis administrator Or 4 r Raney Sacramento
D. G., win be responded % without delay f
wAsnlsoros Cry, March ls, 1852
Mar l9-lawlm f-'~'' 800
New Fall and Winter Goods.
oOE, BROTHER, CO., Pennsylvania avenue, between III
eizens Of the ess q Wilmington, and nssa
and the surrounding counties Of and Virginia. m nd
dry goods, recent npornions They W
Very elegant brocade silks, dark colors
Extra rich brocade silk for evening
Rich plaid silk, styles & ltgf
Extra heavy plain poult dc sole
Heavy silks, all co1ors
Real Irish poplins, richly watered, all shades
Very iustrous black Silks NIL widths
Superior wide colored silk velves, every shade
French Merno and Thbet cloths, great variety
French nous. de lanes designs
French cashmere de cosxe, latest styles
Rich embroidered chemiseues, with sleeves 10 match
Real Valencicnnes lace cbemisetes and cuffs
Richly embroidered muslin capes, collars, and caps
Elegantly embroidered aud lace trimmed handkerchief
White embroidered Canton Grape shaw from Sl2 S75
Velvet coaks and mantuias new styles
Silk mantiIas and visites, also styles
Real cashmere shawls, long and square
Real cashmere and Thbet scars
Long and short sewing silk miis and gloves
Bajiou's celebrated Kid gloves, size and shade
Black silk aces black and colored silk ringes
Thread Iaces and inaertings wide and
Muslin and cambric rulings
Muslin ind eambric inserings and edgings
Sash, neck, and belt nbands, SC, &C.
Together other entirely desirable
able for the and approaching which weekly add
ons will be made purchasers assured OF
all times during the the fashionable Styles
HooE, BROTHER, Co
septl2-u
The daily union. [volume] (Washington [D.C.]) 1845-1857, 1852-04-06

CxCELsrOR building Hardware and Tool store
II erclusvethe largest and only eablhment Of the kind IN
the United safes.-WM NJ, Mcclure BRO, No. 1871 Market
Philadelphia locks
all kind. quality porcelain knobs 60
plated hinges, &c with the complete assor
rnsnt o all modern patterns IN this iins
invited call and examine stock
Catalogues sent by mail, " desired
hot air registers vsnnlators, factory prices.
March l3--lawGm
The daily union. [volume] (Washington [D.C.]) 1845-1857, 1852-04-06

The steamship Columbia will keep up semi monthly
ncaon between San Francisco awaiting the
former port the arrival Of the mails and from Panama.
aud returning without delay mails the
from an Francisco.
regular line propers and wheel will be kept
for the freight transient between
Panama and San Francisco.
Some OF the above will keep the between
Acapulco and the other Mexican The the Allan
tic will be maintained by the United States mail steamships
III DOrado lyooo
..
The daily union. [volume] (Washington [D.C.]) 1845-1857, 1852-04-06

These ships having been buit by contract
MM2 pressiy service, has been
ZD0&1X In their
ito insure strength and speed and their accommo
comfort
Price Of passage New York to Liverpool in FIRST cabin $500
Exclusive OF $500 In second cabin $40
From Liverpool 10 New York; ESQ and gao
An experienced surgeon attached 20 each ship.
No berth be secured until paid for.
The daily union. [volume] (Washington [D.C.]) 1845-1857, 1852-04-06
Pacific Mail Steamship Co1npany.-rhe only Through
Lime fos C~iifsraia and Oregoa. III
I 81 (vIA NAVY BAY AM Panama. 3t

e-f~sa~x~ public are that present
NEGATI arrangements Of this company inspected
HlR and approved by the Navy Department, suitable
In strength and power fo into war
Glass; carrying United ma
ediaey arrival
Atlantic nails and win leave Francisco
ist and l5, days Of each monh The following packets
longing this the Pacific
VIII be always in port each end OF the routes I
The daily union. [volume] (Washington [D.C.]) 1845-1857, 1852-04-06

p ~ HOOE ~ CO.. wholesale and Retail Dealers ,r
carpenr, cots mattnrs curtain materials,
sheetnr blankets furnishing goods generally
pennsrnis avenue, between 7h and sh streets washington
DC
Aug 2o--u
The daily union. [volume] (Washington [D.C.]) 1845-1857, 1852-04-06
.smALL sroRns"-1ssa 'os.


NAVY DEPARTMENT.,
Bureau OF Provisions and Clothing, March "a le52
PROPOSALS, sealed endorsed Proposals ior small
phi next furnishing delivering reeev-
notice. the United states yards at Charles
Town Brooklyn YORK; and Gospod Virginia,
quantities only following ARTICLES may be required
cbei Of this bureau by The
speetye yards during the fiscal
year ending June 10, 1859, viz;
Boxes, shaving Iandkerchiefs, silk, fancy coils.
Brushes, shaving Looking glasses .He
Brushes, serubbng Mustard seed
Brushes, shoe Needles, sewing, assorted
Brushes, clothes Pepper, black
Buttons, navy, vest Pepper, red
Buttons, navy coat Kazors, IN single cases '#
Butons deadeye Razor trops
Diacking, boxes of Riband, hat
Beeswax Soap, shaving, in cakes
Combs, coarse Six, sewing, blue black
Combs, fine Scissors
Cotton, spools of Spoons
Grass, Tor hats Thread, black, white, and blue
Jackniges Tape, black and White
Handkerchieis, cotton Thimbes
New-York daily tribune. [volume] (New-York [N.Y.]) 1842-1866, 1852-05-03
THINGS IN SAN FRANCISCO.
NEWS FROM THE MINES.
Passengers, Marriages, Dea!hL &c. &c.

The steamer Crescent City, Captain
windle arrived yesterday with FIVE hundred passsn-
gers two millions Of freight, and six han
bred thousand in the hands Of the passengers. The
Crescent City left Afpinwa Navy Bay on the I'D u'
with the Golden Gates passengers, mails and treasure,
bringing the largest amount Of gold ever received from
any steamer. The passengers speak In the highest
terms of tbs Golden Gate and she is pronounced to be
modal of shi, The Crescent City had very msder'
ate weather from Navy Bay The passengers came
over the road from Buena Vista By this time the road
Is opened to Fiiola only twelve miles from Gorgona
and In two or three weeks the road will be opened TO
Gan Pablo, six miles from Gorgona
Passengers BY this route now avoid the passage up
the river and by leaving Aspinwall Nsvy Bay in the
morning, can reach Gorgona by diGner time Tuesday,
the 26 passed large steamer, supposed 70 be the FL
Dorado and the evening Of the same day passed an
other supposed to be the Sierra Nevada Ia coming
down the Chssres River, the mail boat was sunk BY
striking snsy and the mail rescued with great diff
Guilty Among the arrivals the Bishop of Oregon,
the Bishop Of CsliforHs w Van Voorhees, Secretary Of
State, Henry Ewing, son Of Hon. Thomas Ewing, and
Capt s. r. Knox u s. N.
The following is the Specie List of the
New-York daily tribune. [volume] (New-York [N.Y.]) 1842-1866, 1852-05-03
COMMERCIAL MATTERS.
IiyerpooI Cotton Market.

On Saturday the in this market amounted to 600
hales of which LOO American aud 800 other were on
rsined sesdy at preceding quotations The sae Saturday
were $50 American quotations; 800 Egyptian at
30 Pernam ct 6fd6t 100 Bahia at 200 Masnhan at
Ga64 and 1000 surst &c, at S0S. The importation,
6eturday amounted to 500 ssles
large business transacted Monday sales exceed
ans 10 Geo bales Of which 1900 speculation and tor
export Holders the advantage prices the extent OF
nearly Id The arrivals Thursday ii vessels from
~ United States one from Brazil and from Egypt
The state Of Tuesdays market be gshered from the
following extract from The Courier OF TIL. morning sist -
There IL downright folly in extremes few months ago
re crop of Cotton terrified holders and depressed prices
now with the realization Of it there is tendency to the
ether extreme and despite Of all sslculson Cotton ng
ALLY and may yet advance considerably With 25ooO
esles almost within hail hardening and many spin
returned yesterday without buying single bale NOT ao
Hass cold today Tuesdsy) change of wind will bring
IN ample supply to the satisfaction Of sll concerned
New-York daily tribune. [volume] (New-York [N.Y.]) 1842-1866, 1852-05-03

In San Trarcco Mr. John ReqGs Of Sacramento City,
L.. Daverpsrt- Of Ne~foTk.
In San fncseo March % Mr. George Leland OF Providence
r. l., TO Ellen Webster, formerly OF New York City
on steamship Panama, April l. Fredsrek nbaat, Of
San Francesca, Emma NJ daughter Of WA IL Hort
nanp OF Philadelphia.
Fncsco Rudolph Jordan Of Praneeo formerly
Of HALE Prussia Hiss Mara Drezkhhn youngest daughter Of
H. Y. DrsnklAhn, Esq, OF Hamburg
the oren;s Hotel Sacramento, BY the Rev. Mr. Benton
the 2sth March Mr. kothsten formerly 81 CDcinast and
Me- EL7stelh Powell, CT Iowa
Cincinnati papers please -
Koanamalu." Kauai the residence Of Marshall
F.q on Feb g. ~ the Rev. Bond Capt Joseph
Honolulu, to Miss Elaseih B. Marshall DAUGHTER Of Thos Mar
sssM Hsc.. Of Chariestown, Macs.
Al unon, Humboldt Bay, Feb g. BY Rev Hueshs William
Wal TO Miss Mary e. daughter Of Jane Light formerly Of saa
Frspsiscc.
March =, ~ tie Mr. Eparam Pnsmore Mas Mnsra
AteTesst, 10th Of Union
On the 2sd Of March By Justice Gera Mr. FRANCIS
Of the city Of San Frsaeso Nara chr1ana rnsn
"a
New-York daily tribune. [volume] (New-York [N.Y.]) 1842-1866, 1852-05-03
SWITZERLAND.

80 The votes of the citizens Of the can
I'm Of Berne, which win confirm d.pace the present
grand council executive government are to be taken
So-noTow the 18th. The greatest excitement prevails
On the subject aud political sntagonism already car
ned nearly TO exfrenijes The Dba~ intirnstes, wna
some Of the Swiss Journals threaten that the conserve
tves IL defeated the poll viii take up arms, course
which h is expected would can foreign powers 10 'oe''
cid
The Courier states that all the prepa--
nations for tunpeng the Trenouye on the 81 Bernard
route are completed and that n Guini the engineer
eupoipted By the Sandman Government VIII proceed
~ once with the works The tunnel VIII be 2,z2o
ssers IN length and account of the riable nature
- n roc k win not cost than Ga 494f In making
New-York daily tribune. [volume] (New-York [N.Y.]) 1842-1866, 1852-05-03
From Guayaquii.

The Swedish man-of-war Eugene, Cen,
modore Virgin, of 40 guns, and manned wild sec -
$40 men, arrived at this port yesterday afzsea -
days from the above place. The Connnodors f9F''
himself bound on voyage round the world -
We learn that the Eugene was boarded By g - -
from one OF Flores vessels on the way upuepJ.,
Gusysquil. Flores had not yet taken the city -
with him large msn-ofwsr, and three othes a.
transports conveying his troops. He W" - y
up the river at the time for the purpose OF go.
city, The citizens were Ia very great fesrs ~ "a
his arrival every hour, whea Commodore Wrgn ~
Commodore Virgin protested sgsinst the pfeess ~
OF Flores In the name of his Government -, ~
European powers; but Gen. Flores did nct Mes
~ The British steamer Santiago. We ~ -
arrived at Panama on the 18th Of April, ws nsssl
by one Of Flores' yessels with q view, Il w1 IN y
OF obtaining poser ZION Of the mail for 6usysf
notice " as taken Of the insult lti
New-York daily tribune. [volume] (New-York [N.Y.]) 1842-1866, 1852-05-03

~ spsaish saiors Government b occupied with the
subject Of establishing penal settlement In the PHILIPPINE
Ys,asds The psrdoned prisoners Of Lopezs expedition
wsre daily expected och ns at Gibraltar. where they
would embark for home
1T is confidently believed in the politi-
sa circes that the electoral law and the Constitution
vouh be shorsly modified
New-York daily tribune. [volume] (New-York [N.Y.]) 1842-1866, 1852-05-03
Summary of News.

Governor Biglsr has appointed General
Anderson, of TuOamne, TO the vacancy on the bench
ofthe Supreme Court occasioned by the resignation Of
Judge Lyons Il Is said that Mr. Alexander Wells has
likewise been appointed the fourth Judge place OF Mr.
Burnett 3- s-l.s... - .s..
The Legislature drass its slow length
along with no appearance yet Of snsl adjournment
was thought, however, that the ssssiOa woad bs
New-York daily tribune. [volume] (New-York [N.Y.]) 1842-1866, 1852-05-03
BuRsIse or HISDoo WITT

Calcutta ER9NskDdn says: ,,d
The night Of the first of this year witaess - ~
those fearful tragedies, to the suppression - ssf
phDsnthropisfs, both in England and inoA -
point az ore Of Lord William Bentncks efoues, ~
IN tie cause Of humanity. The following glsy ~
the truth TIE Rajsh died at Pschete on inc ~
sry, at about p H. a wild cry was RAISED y ~ -
Of the zensps, that the Rsjah was aes1 - rs
soon silenced and guard placed a. come e;.s -
the rgbary, On the death Of the kjsu - 80 q
hs mother, received the ticcA and was told ~, -
dgpity. for that her mind WIS made up. " E -
Rsjsh left biz mother snd saw her no moT n;Rj~rJ~
iuriicdly made within tie precincts Of ss "a ~
Al sheet 10 o'clocf, viumes OF smoke TIA ~ -
Rsree walled seven ri,n<s round die Pys3 - ~
threw her Elf from ,tme blocks Of wood wf9 ~ -
y Lieh had been lighied lor that puzpoe ~ ~
soavu'svc struggle 70 escape. her ashes nr ~
iboss Of her utotic Lastsnd. who dstefssc ~
New-York daily tribune. [volume] (New-York [N.Y.]) 1842-1866, 1852-05-03
Landau Money Market.

On Saturday morning the English Funds opened steady
aes continued be effected and considerable stock
urged upon the market without however causngany pena
pent decline Consos opened for money and account yb
0i00 and closed M for money 99s for settlement lh
May Bank Stock closed 2s4 d2ei; India Stock 264187
Foreign Securities rather lower, the most marked change
beng Buenos Ayrean which quoted for the ascount
u, 7b3, and 70; Mexican for cash S54 l. and
On Monday the number of sales induced by the high
naures caused tendency 10 reaction in British Funds Con-
sos opened Saturdays closing prices but gradually de-
sned to at which they closed for both money and
account Bank Stock unaltered Not much doing In For
sign Stocks Ecuador rather lower, a snd&
New-York daily tribune. [volume] (New-York [N.Y.]) 1842-1866, 1852-05-03
LATEST MARKETS.

LivxsPooI, "Wednesday. April GILL o'clock A. NJ. 4.
CorroS-Tks market opens steadily, butts less atve than
% yesterday Prices Cor the part unchanged
- 7,too haleA
BREApsrrSrs-The market opens very se&dy, bat few
sales going forward in wbeat Flour o. Corn The prices
ofyestsrday, however, are faily Supported.
No Geographic sdvces received AZ Liverpool from
Il ndoa on Wednesday lllss) foFeaoon ~
New-York daily tribune. [volume] (New-York [N.Y.]) 1842-1866, 1852-05-03
Birfha,
A. Ptasan valley March, 80 Mrs Mary Asa Neon, Of
DIED.


Died.
san Tr.nssee, Api Capt Thomas Kso~l- obi,
vsrs--s. o. Boston
At the RAssei.s House, March 81 Mrs. Sarah Fall ased a
we u George p fa. Of freepor lno Inosos and
Ohio isptrs rlsa,e copy.
ksrrh hosro steamship Ohio Mrs Elizabeth
Casf ecsef, vie q hr. Hiram Grne-, aged 20 years
Near Moeuesnne Hin Msrrh ssed 20 yeaa
The deceased wa a native Of Portsmouth, n. H.
AT sorora, Aonday March ns.. Jouss
butcher, formerly 81 New York cy AGED about Is years
March 81. three niles above kayss Johu
Keller, sJnsriy q New Albany, Indiana
"a San ffan9so March IS, Mr. Rsardon Moons ef
County Cort, lre1nc ate al Aat.rsis. aged -
Al ~ Han shasta County MasA 10, OF Mr.
m Henry Mason, formerly Of Porskeeye ~ r. aged IS year.
ir hcncns of eonsuuptcp, Feb Mr. lf&n arra A
yssrs The deceased passenger caofna oa board
tie cns' fon He oftte eary settlers AZ 81,
crane RIO Cry, cnsy orl eominx an sm.
srsnt ~ the rorfe iie Pains. :
L;tTcsfs IN San Frcaele0 March 10 fp 3-r.,,h
~ John hyers, sf~d years. from Prussia ssh Jane se@
m.A seotsrd sob Cbare- Lorsy, 90, wofees,er sls,
hts barrors 20 Chic; Henry Desne fvevpool Anal
y itesa Ne ~ sef2oHt; Sarah A Hal. Inos gh-reze- A
WILL; ~, Massachusetts, fscerisk Nohma 81 81 Ten..
krewitr ~ Brewster Ieuzas H. Seymour a. Fo..a "A --
ice Liza, Il, sorofa. hex '. wv
New-York daily tribune. [volume] (New-York [N.Y.]) 1842-1866, 1852-05-03
TUSCANY.

= "A letter from Florence in the Journal
e Tva Of the 18th ins that, owing TO the In
nAmnstory pacsrds lstey posted up In various towns
a Tuscany the departure Of the Austrian troops has
heen counermanded; and that mmor IL current that
they are 10 be increased In order to b ready for any
emergency that might arise from the presence OF the
Bvoneh of Rome
New-York daily tribune. [volume] (New-York [N.Y.]) 1842-1866, 1852-05-03
FROM THE ISTHMUS.
We have received our Panama flH h

We have received our Panama fla n
April aNh. 90
A company of Italian emigrants, fAsa
or twenty in number, met with sad accident = y
urday April nth, In attempting to go on bosd .
steamer Constitution. They were crowded INFO ~
boat manned by natives, which swamped on the vqt
the ship, and nine Of the Italians were drowned y
following names are given of those who were u "
boat at the time of the accident;
Droened.-P. Curonico, M. FIN, M Gianini- 61tm
A. Felip A. Lombard. p Pedrin, A. Lombard o. =,
Saeed.-G. Brona, R; pAlessandn, }. Ciocod, O. v W.
During Saturday and Sunday nights. at bw ese
strenuous and praiseworthy efforts were made pFsoa
bodies with graphing irons. Only two, however, VT
found. A reward of 5000 was offered for o. ncL
which could not be obtained Some ten trunks when vet
picked up are at the American Consulate. The oag
American that IL known to have been on board, W
saved by Jamaican, who swan with him On ID w W.
Is stated, that the boat to which the fatal te03.
occurred went out Of the usual channel mo w
gerous place. q.
Sr. Manuel Diaz has again taken 81
Gubernatorial chair of the Province Of Panama 4,
The Echo has some fine specimens :
gold dust, from the Choco mining diatrics-asy "
taken from the mines on theriyer Esmeralds .ae 4.
indeed tempting. The gentleman who brousM ~. :,
the hessrs. Hmtado. in whose countingfo room W
them, stated that they might have procured GUAM
the same quality had they desired.
VIM. II. Aspinwall gave, a shol1 Il
since the sum Of eJ00 to the treasury OF the Am"S
Hospital of Panama. =.
Riot AT CHAGREs.-A serious 2"
took place at Chagres on the American SIDE -,
night at ball, between the Carthagenians, 5sn -
leans, and Jamaicans. The affair originated " u ~
between jamaican and Carthsgenian, resultsa -
killing Of n number OF Jamaicans, and ne 49, -,
wounding Of several others, and was SUPPRESS -
Jefe Politico, the Com. Of the Fort and hn ~ ~
twenty eoldiers. No feeling was exhibited ssss.I
American or other foreigners than thoss y ~ a
Subsequent accounts state that the report -
wae exaggerated and that no lives were lost
New-York daily tribune. [volume] (New-York [N.Y.]) 1842-1866, 1852-05-03
EGYPT.

-Fuad Effendi arrived III Alexandria
on April O. and at Cairo the 4th. The Dbah adds
postscript Fuad Enendhad met with 90 aiectonate
reception from the viceroy as TO give rise to tbs best
hopes a. 10 the result of his mission
New-York daily tribune. [volume] (New-York [N.Y.]) 1842-1866, 1852-05-03

The steamship Commodore Stockton,
seized at Acapulco by Mexican authorities port The
authorities have broken the L. s Government seals and
pulled down the American flag. Bark Jealous, British,
with coal for p NJ s s, Company, from Valparaiso.
We areindcbtedto John F. Rogers, Esq.,,
furser Of the Cresent City and to s A. Ferris Eco,
u Hsil Agent for files Of California papers and
other fsvors