davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Cecil Whig. [volume] (Elkton, Md.) 1841-current, 1852-02-21

how often is it that in the fall and spring
when our roads are most wanted for the
transportation of grain, they can scarce
ly be used at all. / have crossed on a
plank road, in a heavily laden stage,
some of the wet marshes of Long Island
where but for the planks we would have
been literally swamped. But their pop
ularty in our Eastern and Middle States
are sufficient proof OF their many advan-
tages.
How they are Made.
The mode of construction differs some
what according to the nature of the soil
where wanted. The general method is,
to level the road as much as possible
then lay down three string pieces OF
about six inches in width and three in
thickness, and over these roll heavy
roller making all smooth and clean. At
right angles with these lay the planks
which should be Of uniform length (say
s ieet) and about three inches thick, and
laid as closely together as possible then
throw up little embankment at each
end and your road is done. In wet sit.
ua.i0nS the road should thrown up a lit.
tie in the middle and drained by ditch
on each side 4 we'll made road vii
last about S years. Its first cost will bt
from : 900 TO $1,000 per mile accord
ing to the prctIliaritirs of the loo ality
and the annual cost for repairs will not
exceed $12 per mile. Throwing out
these hints TO those who may feel inter
ested | Will here leave the subject.
". II. B.
The Cecil Whig. [volume] (Elkton, Md.) 1841-current, 1852-02-21
For The Cecil Hing.
PLANK ROADS.

Mn. EnlroR:-Wiil You allow a little
space IN vonr paper to an advocate OF
plank roads, if he promises TO be as bI1ef
AZ possible2 In some seasons and in
some places, the roads of this County
are scarcely passable, and there greatly
needs the application of remedy Of
some kind, and certainly, none better
could be found than general use of
plank roads. The laying Of sach road
down the Peninsula would be of meal
cuable importance to the whole Eastern
Shore. But, bearing in mind my prom
Use Of brevity, | will proceed at once to
the subject.
B'heir Advantages.
First, they are the cheapest kind of
roads. Compared with the macadami-
zed or the usual Turnpike road, they are
by far the cheapest. The capacity of a
plank road is about 10000 tonsper an
num at a fair estimate. The highest es-
timated cost which we have seen, is
1888 per gear for ten years. This in
clud-s the first cost-the relaying Of the
whole road ance and the annual repairs
during the whole period. The first cost
Of a good macadamized road would be
$4,000. the cost of repairs 5000 per IN
mum, leaving a balance in favor of plank
roads of 1920, the one costing $4,000
the other but $3.50. Again, they adj
nit the conveyance Of heavier loads than
can be drawn by the same team over
the common or even macadamized
roads. With the same power a greater
load may be taken and greater speed
attained than is possible upon the other
two named roads. A good team may
draw on well made ma cadamized road
3 tons, but the same team may draw
over planks 6 tons, while the common
road will often not permit the carriage
OF more than one and certainly not more
than two tons. In one instance which
fell under my notice, by the substitu-
ton of plank for common road, a
mandatory did three times the amount
of business at the same cost and in the
same time. In another case foundry
paid H625 per day for conveying to and
fro over road of 8 miles its materials
and products ii now has the same amount
of carriage over plank road for 1850
per day.
Again. they are passible at all sea-
sons. This would certainly, be an adj
vantage to the farmers Of Cecil Co., for
The Cecil Whig. [volume] (Elkton, Md.) 1841-current, 1852-02-21
SOMERSET COUNTY

Was erected by order of the Govern.
o. 10 August 1865. The first settlers
We" from England
N&g pce-->omerset county has level
surface.
Nod.--The soils are swamp, sandy,
L arsh and pipe clay. The muck swamp
Id j. remarkable for its black color,
lsht orous texture, and the large gum
tl!y vegetable matter it contains. Tia
pipe clay soil is almost useles, for ,ro-
ductive purposes, i'll its natural .,a,. hr,
i. susceptible of improvement to , bioh
degree. The high sandy .,oil hos coarse
sr'ty texture The swamp soil i, good
<Conf'nus@ D. FORTH r7sr.,
The republic. [volume] (Washington [D.C.]) 1849-1853, 1852-01-23
From the philadelphia Bulletin.
Cost OF our Army and Navy.

We sec repeated, in more than one quarter. the
absurd statement of Victor Hugo, that the cost Of
the army and navy of the United States is eighty
per cent of the whole revenue; in other words,
that more money is spent, pro rata, In MAINTAIN
ing ornaments in this Republic than in the mill
tary dcspotsms Of the Old World. How Ameri-
can editors can give currency to this proposterous
statement, we are totally loss TO comprehend,
especially when the Presidents message, the
figures of which give the lie so fatty to this
ton, has but so lately been published The reve-
nue. of the Federal Government, for the next fiscal
year, In round numbers, is estimated at forty
three mllions; while the expenses Of the army and
navy are calculated at fourteen millions, or but
thirty per cent. Of the revenue. This, instead of
being relatively greater than that of any European
nation, is less. Nor is this all. In Europe the
governments arc centralized; there are no great
commonwcaltbs. with separate revenues; every
thing flows into one common treasury. Take
Austria, for example. All the taxes, customs and
other means Of revenue, whether levied in Bohe-
min Hungary, or Austria proper, are poured into
the erchequcr At Vienna; and it is on this enor-
nous centralized revenue that the proportion
which the army expenses bear to the entire re-
seipts Is calculated. SO also Of France. SO Of
Russia, Prussia, Spain, Sweden, Denmark, and
even Hungary.
federal revenue, on which the army and navy
pcnses are charged, bears but small proportion to
the aggregate revenue OF all the States; yet IL Is
with THE last, added 10 the federal revenue, that
the comparison ought to be made. For the army
and navy s not levied merely for the protection Of
the Federal Government, but for the use and behoof
Of every State, and every citizen Of every State;
much 20, indeed, the French army is for the pro-
lection Of French citizens; though by thcbye late
events look as If that like most European arnios,
was rcsll for the ensaycmcnt and not the defence
Of the good citizens who paid for it, What the ag
grcgate Of all tho saos, added TO the forty
three millions Of federal revenue would amount 10,
we are not prepared, at this moment, to say; but IL
would be cum lorgo enough to reduce the army
and navy per age 20 very Uncomfortable
figure
European writer's, Of all orecds, are particularly
fond Of msrcprcscniing this country; and in fact,
never admit our merits except reluctantly, and af
ter irrefragable proof A ridiculous attempt TO
prove that we republicans were about the most
heavily taxed people in the world, we noticed
and disposed Of losl week and think VIC have
now set this other equally absurd calumny 70 the
! rights about, az BELTS 80 bclligorent a subject
The republic. [volume] (Washington [D.C.]) 1849-1853, 1852-01-23
TIL E r EPU BLIC.
w AS HI N g TON:
FRIDAY MORNING, JANUARY %, 1852.

"a crisis ia approaching that must, II 1t cannot
be arrested, soon decide whether order and good
government ebsll be preserved, or anarchy ana
confusion ensuo. can mos! regiously aver
have no wish that is incompatible with the dig
nifty happiness and true interest OF the people Oh
this country. My ardent desire Is, and my aim
has been, as far as depended upon the Executive
Department, to comply strictly with all our en-
gagements, foreign and domestic; but to keep the
United States free from political connexions with
every other country, to see them independent
of all and under the influence Of mono. In word,
want an american character, that the powers OF
Europe may be convinced we act for ~"s'iUss,
and not for others This, in my Judgment, is the
only way to be respected abroad and happy at
home; and not, by becoming tho partisans OF Great
Britain France. create discussions, disturb the
public tranquility, and destroy, perhaps for ever,
the cement which binds the Union"
IGKoRaE WAsHISoToN, 1885.
The republic. [volume] (Washington [D.C.]) 1849-1853, 1852-01-23
From the Jrsey City Senfinei and Advnfi'p
President Fillmore

The present Administration has certainly won
the confidence and respect of large majority %
the people Of the United st.ter. II has been thus
far administration of justice, of right, and of
common sense. There has been easy work for
the President and his Cabinet since they came into
power Questions involving considerations affect
ing the nation internationally have been handled
with that mastery desterity significant Of the
broad and comprehensive mind Since the dpys
Of our illustrious Washington have not been
blessed with President who has given such uni
versal satisfaction to the people, both with refer
ence to his private behavior and his public acts.
Called into the highest position in our Government
by the act Of God, he effcctually supprcsses that
wild Cuba invasion. and of late he effects the re-
demption Of his unfortunate countrym.n. lie has
been no Ices wise in his dongs respecting other
subjects, which his position has made IL duty to
determine upon. In fine, he has safely conducted
thus far the ship OF State through Of the most
stormy periods Of existence, added new strength
TO our institutions, acquired rcepco, for them
from abroad. and more regard for them ut home.
MIR. FrLLnoaE's character IL Of the extraordina-
ry cast. Prompt to discover aud correct wrong
vigilnnt in the performance Of his duty-detcr-
mined and just-he nevertheless exercises that
manly moderation which has conducted his mes-
sures to such happy ends, and secured to him so
many warm-hesrted frionds
The rash measures OF characterization, which
would have preeipitated the country into perhaps
inertricable difficulties. have been met with a mas
terly haud-the embodiment Of Wing doctrine,
and lawful principle, and moral right.
We arc struck fayorably with the apparent hon
Getty and manlness Of purpose which have always
bccn evident in his public acts, ss well az in those
OF moro retired life.
Everybody must know that, shortly after Mr..
FILLMORE became President, series Of measures
we're sanctioned by him, giving uuver al satisfac-
ton 60 the people Nor has he been less fortunate
with regard to tho trouble in which we have been
involved with other nations. IIis messages untold
the true Interpretation Of the iap, and he mani
testify declares the determination Of the Govern
mcnt to enforce il.
To Kossuih his behavior cannot fail 20 secure
him unboundcd regard. His reception Of that great
man was marked by that true national policy
which should be exercised by every republican
government viz, proper regard for the natural
feelings Of his countrymen, and jus, regard TO
| tho rights Of nations.
The republic. [volume] (Washington [D.C.]) 1849-1853, 1852-01-23
Congress,

In the Senate, yesterday, the subject of fog
ging In the navy was referred to the Commit
tee on Naval Affairs; and, after the passage OF
several resolutions, the bill granting land to
Iowa, to aid in the construction of certain rail
roads in that State, was debated.
In the House Of Representatives, brief de-
bate took place on the resolution Of Mr.. BRIGGS,
instructing the Committee of Elections to in
quire into the legality of the election of MIR.
BERNHlsEL, the delegate from Utah. The
morning hour was consumed in discussion on a
motion to refer to the Committee of the Whole
on the state of the Union the bill explanatory
Of the Bounty Land actof September %, 1850.
The remainder Of the days sitting was devoted
to the consideration of the bill providing for
the payment of the Mexican indemnity, the
general debate on which has been limited to
three O'Clock this afternoon.
The republic. [volume] (Washington [D.C.]) 1849-1853, 1852-01-23

The Washington correspondent Of the Cleveland
Huaid giyes tho following account Of the inter
view between the "Ohio delegation" and Kossutb.
The Cincinnati Gazdts hopcs, for the credit Of the
State, that the account colors too high, and that
there wac less Of "hdicrom and bombasiic" in the
,ocre than the letter would lead ono to suppose
The writer, "Otscgo," says
CDR. Thompson, Of Columbus, Ohio, was the
bearer Of Invitation to visit tho Buckeye CAPT
tal-nnd IL was desired that the Ohio Con rcssmcn
and others from that State now iu the city, should
be prcsent on the presentation. At the appointed
hour some one hundred assembled, but several
backed OUT after Whiting hour for the illus-
trious exile 90 receive them. At length the door
was opened Mr.. Sweetscr oficiatod as master Of
ceremonies, and commenced by leading up HE
daughter, and saying, Mr.. Kossuth this IL my
daughter Mr.. Giddings wac led up with &c race
Greenwood Judge Reed told kossuth that Ohio
was Tor Intervention, and would furnish half mil
lion Of dollars and ten hundred thousand men.
DR.. Thompson read long addrcss-he read IL
badly; and every now and then he would rush up
and seize Kossuth by tho hand, aud shake IL inn
pulsiycly aud r,dicUlousiy; these spasmodic vnra
tons Caused the Doctor 20 loco his place, and tho
spectators TO laugh; the Nholc thing mix
turc Of the ludicrous the pathetic, the cuogistie,
and bombaatc. After the Doctor had finished the
reading and acting Of bic part, k0ssuth proceeded
90 respond, but thc Doctor INTERVIEWED, and, when
the great Magyar uttered sentence that particu-
! lary pleased him, he would rush Up, aud again
and again shake tho poor aud pennies exile ,
| deranging the consistency Of his articulation and
! punctuation"
The republic. [volume] (Washington [D.C.]) 1849-1853, 1852-01-23
PANAMA. December 30, 1851.
A., U. S. Consul, Panama:

A. b. CoRwINk, esq, u. ). Consul, Panama.:
STA: In reply to your letter of this date, we beg
to state that we acted agent tor Mr. Mills up to
the 18th of last month, when we withdrew his nd
vertisements from the newspapers here, and de-
sired our partner in New York TO notify him (Mr.
Mills) to that effect.
The only understanding we ever had with Nj
Mills that he should sell IL. kcts for the "Union,
the property of our senior partner, which of course
expired when that steamer was 10 st. Mr. Mills had
no authority to use our names in the way he has
done, and he has been repeatedly requested to stop
selling tickets, having the name of the Z" Union by
our partner, Mr.. f. Zachrisson. AZ W. intend
publishing full statement Of the TRANSACTION in
to morrow's Star, We do not enter into ma, tiers
moro fully.
We remain your obedient servants,
ZACHRISSON, NELSON & co
The republic. [volume] (Washington [D.C.]) 1849-1853, 1852-01-23
PETITIONS.

BY Mr.. SIBLEY The petition of sundry citizens OF
Maine and Massachusetts. praying that newspaper
postage be cqualized for any distance less than
three thousand miles.
By MIR. CHANDLER: The memorial OF sundry
merchants of Philadelphia, asking for the repairs
OF piers and the construction of harbor5 in the river
Delaware.
Also, the memorial of citizens of Philadelphia,
asking for the modification Of the Bounty Land
Law OF $50 in favor of sailors and marines.
The republic. [volume] (Washington [D.C.]) 1849-1853, 1852-01-23

PHiLADELPHtA FLoUR.-The New Orleans Ore,
cent says that the shipments Of flour known un-
inspected, eour, and No. superiine, have been
large this from the port Of Philadelphia, nd
have generally resulted in a loss This description
has been pamed of on the foreign consumers "a No
J superhne. very much 10 tho injury Of American
flour in the Liverpool market. The inspection
must have been very neglgently performed If this
fact he tTue.-Phila. Ledger.
The republic. [volume] (Washington [D.C.]) 1849-1853, 1852-01-23
Presidential Nomination.

BY a telegraphic despatch from New Or
leans, dated yesterday, we learn that the DE
mocratic State Convention of Texas have
unanimously nominated General SAM HoUsror
az their candidate for the Presidency. All the
counties Of the State were represented in con
vention.
The republic. [volume] (Washington [D.C.]) 1849-1853, 1852-01-23

wAsHINeroN SHIr-The United States chip
st. Mary's, IL is stated recently performed seven
thousand milcs tho Pacific in twenty nine days,
passage that has never been made under forty
and fly days before. She was built at Washing.
ton, and her model was furnished by Mr. David
Porter, having been adopted by Mr.. Humphrie..
She is believed TO be the fustest vessel in the
service
The republic. [volume] (Washington [D.C.]) 1849-1853, 1852-01-23
Supreme Court OF the United states.
Tnunsn.r. January ~. 1859.

THURSDAY, January "a, 1852.
Anson wolcott, GEO., Of New York, was admit
ted an attorney and counsellor Of this Court
Nos. IS and 81. J. Dundas ct al. A. Hitch
cock -Appesls from the circuit court United States
for Alabama
Mr.. Justice Grier delivered the opinion Of this
Court, reversing the DEGREES Of the said circuit
court in theso causes, and rcmandng them, with
directions to dismiss the oomplainants bills with
costs.
No. SIS. j. Larmsn rs. j. Tisdale's heirs.-In
error to the circuit court Of United States for Ten.
nossee.
On the motion Of Mr.. Stanton, this writ Of error
was dismissed with COSTS for the want Of prosecu-
ton.
No 70. The United States, appellant, Is. Edward
simon.-This cause argued by MIR. Attorney
General Crittondcn for the appellant.
Nos. IS, 10, and so The United States, appel
LIANT, rs. Joseph Hughes.-Thes we're
gued by Mr.. Attorney General Crttendcn for the
appellant, and submitted on printed arguments by
Messrs Jsnin and Tsy lor in behalf Of the appellee.
No SO. c. II. Mccormick, appellant, "a. Charles
NJ Gray.-Ths cause was argued by Mr.. Revcrdy
Johnson for the appellant, and submitted on print
ed argument by Mr.. Buttcriield in behalf Of ap
pcllco.
Adjourned until o-morrow, II o'clock, a. IN.
STEAMBOAT DIsAsTnas.-Thc Cincinnati dHas
Of the 10th instant publishes account Of the OK
plosion Of the steamboat George Washington, and
the burning Of tho steamboat Martha Washington d,
singular coincidence Of names, and quite as sin
gular coincidence that they should have both
been owned at Cincinnati, both left at about the
same time, and both destroyed nearly at the same
hour, and not very far apart from the same place
the George Washington having exploded short
distance above Grand Gulf Mississippi, on tho
18th instant, md the Martha Washington burned
on the same morning at Island No. 65, in the Mis-
sissippi river. Among those killed and missing
| by the first accident were William Carrel, first
CLERK; Mr.. James Treat; Phillip Supner, first
cook; first fireman, sir deck hands, and six deck
passengers, names not known, ell supposed to
have been burned with the boat; alec Mr. Chip.
I The carpenter and Mr.. Kuykendall, passenger
| from kentucky, were badly scaldcd. Captain Ir-
win was badly soslded, but was in a fair way Of
| recovery. BY the sccosd calamity, man, wife,
nd two children in the ladics cabin, and one in
! tho mems cabin, and one on deck, we're burned.
The boat is total loss The officers and crew were
saved. In three minutes from the time the boat
caught IL was all in flames, and tho cabin fell in.
| The books and papers were lost
The republic. [volume] (Washington [D.C.]) 1849-1853, 1852-01-23
General ButIcr'- supporters.

From he Frankfort (hy) Commonwealth.
The Woman thinks that inasnuch tho De
mocrauc Convention Of THO sth passed strong
Compromise md nti-Frocsoil resolutions, We
ought not TO say that the candidate Of that conven
ton is the candidate Of the Freosoilers. lie tells
us that il is absurd 10 suppose that such conyon
ton would recommend in any way
ncctcd with the Froesoilors. Tho suppostion may
have been absurd in advance, and the act itself
may be absurd, now that it has been conmittedi
but what have suppositions to do in the face Of
iacts2 The Frccsoilors recommended Butler bc
fore the convention did lie is quite much their
candidate he is the candidate of the convention.
lie is connected" with ono iust in the same way
he is with tho othcr-by the recommendation and
support Of each
We do not consider General Rutcr an Adolf
ZIONIST or Frcesoilcr himself but we ere com
PEELED 10 believe that the leading Frccsoilcrs, who
arc supporting him such Van Burcn. Benton. .
Blair, Wilmot, &c.-bavc some sufficient reason
TO believe that his success will bring them back Ia
power; and that belief ought 10 be enough to keep
southern men from his support
The republic. [volume] (Washington [D.C.]) 1849-1853, 1852-01-23

DEPARTMENT OF STATE,
WAsHisGToH, January ~, 1855.

The following correspondence between A..
b. CoRwINE, esq, United States Consul at
Panama, Mr.. EDWARD FLINT, Agent Panama
Mail Steamship Company, and Messrs. IAcH-
RIssoN, NELSON & Co., received this day from
Mr.. CoRwINE, in relation 10 certain through
tickets issued in New York, is published Tor
the information Of persons leaving that city for
California via Chagres and Panama.
MIR. CoRwINE states that hundreds Of our
countrymen have arrived in Panama with tick
els purchased from the parties mentioned in
this correspondence; and, being unable to pro-
cure passage thence to San Francisco with
these tickets, the greater part of them having
expended their all in the investment, have
been compelled to remain on The Isthmus in
the most abject poverty and distress, and not
few of them have contracted disease and died.
The republic. [volume] (Washington [D.C.]) 1849-1853, 1852-01-23

Tue PoRTssoUrH BANx RoBbrRv.-The cashier
Of the Branch Bank Of Virginia at Portsmouth
quests that banks and brokers will at send in
ell tho one hundred dollar notes on that institu-
ton, OF which. be Gays, eleven arc all that have
been lcgitimatcy issued.
The republic. [volume] (Washington [D.C.]) 1849-1853, 1852-01-23
Agent p. NJ. S. S. Company.

CONSULATE U. S. A., PANAMA, Dec. 20, 1851.
Messrs. ZAcHRIssoN, NELSON & Co.:
GENTLEMEN: Having been advised that you de-
cline sending forward the holders Of through tickets
issued by f. Mills, New York, agent owner of
tho steamer "Broher Jonathan, or refund the pas
sage money to them, may ask whether Mr.. NJ.
has authority to use your name as his agents in
Panama.
As it is my intention to make this correspondence
public, an immediate answer is solicited,
Very respectfully, your obedient servant,
A. B. CORWINE, U. s. Consul.
The republic. [volume] (Washington [D.C.]) 1849-1853, 1852-01-23
CoSsULATE Y. S. A., PANAMA, Dec. 10, 1851.

EDWARD FLINT, esq,
Agent of the p. M. Steamship Company:
Sir: number of American citizens having ar
rived here, within the last few months, with
through tickets issued by Beriord y Co. New
York, and failing to obtain passage hence to San
Francisco on the steamers belonging to the Pa
cifc Mail Steamship Company's line, you will do
the favor to state whether the tickets OF this
description. issued by Messrs. Bcrford Co., are
recognized by the cornpany's agency in tins place
As desire 10 place this correspondence before
the public an immediate answer is requested.
Very respectfully, your obedent servant,
A. b. CORWINE, U. s. Consul.
The republic. [volume] (Washington [D.C.]) 1849-1853, 1852-01-23
PANAMA, December 20, 1851.

A. b. CoRwINE, esq, U. s. Consul, Panama:
DEAR SIR Yours of the 10Th instant duly received
and contents noticed.
In reply, have to state that tickets issued by
Berford Co., for passage on the PACING Mail
Steamship Company's steamers from Panama to
San Francisco, are in recognised mt this
office. am, sir, yours truly,
EDWARD FLINT,