The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1852-09-03

- grea CT tban was ever before experimentation
q siAylar visitation.
A despatch from the West announces that tho
Ohio river is now in excellent vigable condition
The sympathy for the unfortunate Cuban patriots
does not appear to have died away at New Orleans,
by any means funeral procession took place IN
that city on the evening of the lst inst, 10 honor
of the memory of Gen. Lopez and his followers
Australia aud It's Gold riines--A New
Jerusalem.
Five years have hardly elapsed since the gold
WELD in California became fixed fact, and within
hat short period Of time between a hundred aud
ninety and two hundred millions worth Of gold dust
has been added to the wealth Of the world, and q
trade has sprung up between the Atlantic States
and San Francisco Of the greatness of which sone
dea may be indirectly formed from the fact that the
imports from al other parts of the world to TIA.
port have increased from three and half millions,
in 1851, to ten and q half millions, in loj2. The
emigration TO California, within the last five years.
has been of magnitude perhaps unparalleled in the
worlds history; and still it continues pouring on in
q continuous and increasing food such as will very
soon make the population of that State number at
least half million At present., besides fifty thou
sand that, during the year, have gone by sea to
California, there is n vast train of forty
thousand persons tIaversing the plains, aad
when this large item is added to the popula-
ton, we may expect increased energy in the
working OF the mines. We would not be surprise !,
it, when the fall rains to euabe the miners to
resume operations on n large scale, the imports of
gold, during the remainder OF the year. would
reach SIX millions month. The California move
mcnt has msde it's influence felt all over the world;
but now even California itself seems to be eciipsed
and outstripped in its productiyeness by the more
recent and more magnificent discoveries of gold
fields in Australia
In Australia We find an island continent, Of about
24OO miles from north to south, by 800 miles from
east to west surrounded its eastern and southern
sides by mountains of volcanic origin, of from 1000
to 6000 feet above the level of the These
ranges exist at from 80 100 miles from the coast,
with valleys and water courses on their eastern
slopes which disembogue into the Their
western slopes less PERCEPTIONS, and roll off in
Stcppes or irregular rich grazing platforms, giving
rise to water courses, which run towards vast
explored centre. The northern part of the island
lies within about ten degrees of the Equator, while
the southern portion extends to about 80 degrees
south latitude
The island of Australia is divided into four prin-
cipal colonies. The first, on the east side, with
fifty. six counties, is called New South Wales, with
Sidney for its capital the second, called Victoria
r Port Philip, with twenty-six counties, at the
extreme SOUTH with Melbourne for its capital the
nnu, 5vutn aIes, 10 the west OF Victoria,
with nine counties, and with Adelaide for its capt.
tai the fourth, Western Australia or Swan River,
on the western side of the island, with Perth or
Swan River for its capital. Sidney the earliest
point settled, Western Australia next, and Victoria
last, which first inhabited by few families,
chiefly English, from Van Dieman's land, in 1886.
The climate of Australia presents all the varieties
common to tropical and temperate ATTITUDES.
Until the discovery of gold, the growing of sheep
was the main pursuit of the cclonist and in 1850
81, the number Of sheep on the island was estimated
at thirteen TO fourteen Millions about Ave millions
Of which in the colony of Victoria. The
climate and soil of this new and growing colony is
represented to be the finest in the world. At Mel
bourne, its capital, it is almost perpetual spring
Ice never forms thicker than shilling, and even
scum of snow is but seldom seen. Sheep grow and
multiply by merely turning them loose to Craze,
and require the slightest Of artificial food
and such is the mildness of the climate that they
lamb twice year, in the months Of April and Octo-
ber Butchers meat, before gold was discovered,
sold low I'd per ID. So plentiful are cattle,
that large boiling establishments exist, where they
boiled down for their tallow, which is exported
in large quantities to England.
Much of the SOIL in ali the colonies, is exceeding
y fertile and productive, which be grown the
most luxuriant crops of all kinds known to similar
ATTITUDES in other parts Of the world, and in great
abundance and perfection. But the soil found with
in fifty to one hundred miles of Melbourne, in Vic
toiia, or Port Philip, exceeds in fertility any other
part of the world 1t is Of a dark bright chocolate
color, resulting, it is supposed, from the decompo
sition of elected materials from extinct volcanoes.
1t produces, when cultivated, one hundred bushels
Of corn or sixty bushels of wheat to the acres the
latter weighing sixty-four pounds to c bushel
In the famine years of lS47 and '4S this wheat was
shipped TO England, and commanded premium
over the best English grown article The stalks OF
wheat in Victoria attain height, in places, Of
sever feet. The climate has moderate falls of rain
every month in the year. The thermometer rarely
goes above % so degrees, or falls below 10 de-
grees The mean temperature is about 81 degrees
the year round II has the summer Of England or
Ireland, and the winter Of the south Of France or
Italy. The growth Of Victoria has been, il we ex.
eep few parts of the United States, without
parallel. In 1856 and 1897 there only about
ga souls in the colony. In 1850 and 81 the popu
lation Of the town Of Melbourne alone amounted to
about $1,000, while the colony numbered near
1900. Melbourne is distant about 600 miles south
west Of Sidney. The handsome granite fronts Of
Of the houses it is said would do credit to any
European city. stone bridge Of $50 feet span has
been erected over the river Yara Yara, on which
the town stands, at expense Of s75 900. 1t
tains some six seven churches; the principal Of
which cost from $4,000 TO $l5, 900 EACH 1t boasts
a stone court house, Jail, and half dozen news
papers, two or three of which daily, college,
mechanics institute, sc. In 1850its imports were
ETA, 295 and exports Gl OH ,796; giving excess
Of exports Of E297 SOL
The fertility Of the soil may be seen from the fol.