The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1852-10-27
The American Institute.

This is the last week Of the great Fair in Castle
Garden, ard therefore it beboves those of our OIL
tifens, who have not yet visited the exhibition TO
do 20 without further loss of time. In addition to
the general attractions several varied entertain
merits to be pre- sented during the week To-
night there will be splendid display Of FIRE works
in tie garden.
In resumieg our detailed descriptions of the diff.
ferent articles, We will commence with the Marine
Chronometer Steam Pressure G auge.-Tnis nd mir
able instrument is supeysedng every mercury gauge
now in use, and lis advantages have already oeen
highly appreciated Its remarkable superiority
consists in this-all the pressure gauges Of which
the activity is caused by spring, have the great
fault that the springs are Immediately exposed to
the vapors, which let fall upon it damp generated
by The boiling water. The elasticity Of the springs
is greatly diminished, if not destroyed In the pre-
sent machine, the flexible metallic substance placed
vent my damp from iDjurng the spring, and hence
the immense sup. riorty Of this gauge for safety
Patent Sperm OIL THIS is ne W aud beautiful oil,
recently patented. and superior even to tue best
sperm oil, both for machinery and burning pu poses
Nearly all TIE lamps that arc exhibited this
oil, ana the light is certainly purer and more
brilliant than the sperm oil burning in other
lamps through the BUILDING Il is entirely free
better than any other knoSn oil. It is extern
slyely used on many of our steamships, and in
the largest foundiies Ii is cert iinly great DIS
covery, account of the :ty and hg price of
sperm OIL this oil is fifteen per cent IN ,re last
ing. AMI ID sold at much lees prics. 1t is msuufa,
tured entirely FROM oils refined by chemical process
Hydraulic Regulator tor Steam Engines The fornis
cast iron cy uder, about eign ioc1es high. and
SIX inches in dis meter This cylinder contains two
brass cylinders, with p,ungers aud ps5oD rods ST.
s""hed, whoh are 10 fact, simple style of pump
ore Oh ,e% being three inches III diameter and four
Hehes high, ana the Other is two Inches ia damster
snd tweivo Inches high Connected With the tYo-
inch cylinder at the bottom il esy ape ftucet oy
which the lutd which is forced Tito said cylinder
may escape when cpen the piston rcd connected
with the pipnger OF the 20. ihca cylnisr or pump
is connected at the top with lever attached 10 the
stem OF the steam valve OF the engine aLd tho pis
ton ct the three inch o. Under. pump connscsed
with the CINE i'll suc0 a uJ9ouer ~ 20 drive the
lungs plupger enc hundred motions DER miaute
TINS pump to-ces the fiuld fro the cy iiader
INTO The two-inoh cylinder at The bottom, and tha
faucet Is opered just far enough TO allow the fl d
forced INTO ihe twoiuch O. ncer 60 es:aps without
the p'ungsr OF she cylinder bling raised more than
four inches being tho smouut % play or vsslla,ioa
allowed this rcd and p'unger when the engine olakes
TOE number or revolutions per minute required.
Attached 10 he upper part of this piston roo is
weight capable OF opening the valve at all time5
when there s bot uId enough forced in TO hold the
p'urger up high enough TO close the valve BY
this means engines can be he'd regardless of the
B'ld o. work to be performed, 30 TO vsry more
than hall OF one rev oluton per minute: for when
the engine increases in speed. by mgcb'pery being
thrown out OF ar, or on account of hi Cher pres
sure OF steam, the pump IL driven faster, u fluid
is thrown into the two iuch cylinder than provided
for the puDger in the cy Under is thrown higher H.
ano the top OF the piston 1od of the piunger being
connected with the steam valve. the valve is par.
italy or entirely closed. so that no moro
steam can pass the valve than just enough
to give tho desired number of revolutions
If the engine does not rua so as to drive the pumps
at one hundred revolutions there is not aid enough
forced into the two injh cylinder TO keep the
plnnger up; consequently it drops down and opens
The valve, until the volume OF sfeam to drive
the engine the desired number of revolutions is re-
eei'ed In faot loss or gain of one-h4if Of
YoIution al the engine IN minute would entirely
open or close the steam valve from ooe extreme 10
the other. Potent Hot Air Parior Stoves --Thess
stoves are composed of mach thicker and heavier
iron than Is usual, rendering them less liable to
crack or warp, aud giving them tRo or three times
the durability OF ordinary Stoves The provision
for hrolng will attract special attention. Two
small doors open near the top so TO admit che
.ridiron without removing the lids aud the broll-
ing IL done without TIE escape Of a particle OF
smoke steam into the room. The best possible
advantage ia furnished for roasting. The doors
open IN font, so as 70 present largo open space,
peculiarly well adapted 10 rhis method of cooktng
metbod often most desirable. but which has beon
nearly baIished by i'll cons trUoted stoves The oven
is of COED s'ze. and arranged vita respect 20 tne
lire as 10 perform its work pc f3cty Tho crate il
let down the coal and ashes without the least
trouble, ard without Throwing dust into the room.
Most cooking ssoyes are cleared If the accumulated
SCOT and ashes from the back and by difficult aud
dirty process This is cleared from The front, with
facility, ease, and neatness which we have never
seen equalled. In the matter of economy thi.
stove has decided advantage, az it is not posi-.
bic 10 consume much fuel IN it Externs ally the
" Black Diamond is highly ornamental and at.
tractive IL is Of four sizes that the purchaser
consult both his convenience and his purse.
Patent Collars and Hames The alleged advan-
toges possessed by these collars and names are:--
They VIII not gall horse ; they will not choke
horse. The collar is ventilated so that the motion
OF The animal viii expel and draw in air The
collsr ard names connected, and so constructed
that the collar lays perfectly st.l upon the animals
neck, while the hame works and slides upon the
collar with every motion Of The horse or mute as
the ease may be. The pressure Of the horse comes
on all parts of the collar equally, instead Of coming
on the point Of the shoulder, as in tho ordinary
collar and names II be put on and taken off
in one quarter Of the time IL takes 10 nut on the
ordinary collar aud hames. The collars are stuffed
perfectly smooth they adjust themselves 10 the
form Of the ANIMALS shoulders. The names cannot
ship Of ths collar. This viii prevent accidents and
loss Of life.
SINGULAR CAsE.-Wo learn from the Tuscaloosa
OJ9 that al the recent esion Of The Circuit court at