The national era. [volume] (Washington [D.C.]) 1847-1860, 1852-12-23

IAsH lb5DN.2il / ia. 22I
1917 Sl6O. 100 555,b22
1918 lL3ild29 Sj7O3l
1919 1869 O22 LII 247
1880 1850 7y4 GSt. 69l
BY chic stnh4urnt it il shown that the guam
Ety 81 wool brought into the country, of late
yonrs amounts to almost Onc-third part Of that
produced ~ :, While 10 former periods 10 from
Isll aud lS45, the quantity WAS nearly ono
ualE The largest proportion of this imported
wool WAS chiefly from Buenos Ayrcs, and the
nciyhhoriug State, on tho Rio dc Ia Plata and
& Of 10 coarse and cheap yaIloty costing from
>iX 90 eight cent, por pound. Ii viii be always
cho8per ~ bring thi, kind OF wool from regions
where sheep are r,nrod without care or labor,
than e. produce ID 80 nome, bat thnro is no
country in thc world in which shcer may, by
uda,as treatment bo made souroo of great
yr uvaltE and comfort 10 itA inhabitants than
the UntoG states
The inpJfiatOns Of wool in lS49 and 1850
r<lrbit remarkable increase over the procc-
dog or any former year, amounting in quantity
10 22,54S 1913 pounds, and TO tho Value OF
73s0oO00
Whs0t-Tho principal districts of the United
Sta,oo IA which t!ia important grain is produo-
ed u the greatest abundance and forms n lead
ing ar.iclc Of commerce. embrace the States II
Now York, Now Jersey, Pennsylvania Dola-
ware Maryland, Virginia OHIO, kentucky,
Michigan, Indiana, Illinois, Missouri, Wisoon-
sin, and Iowa Tho chiof varieties cultivated
in tho Northern and Eastern States are tho
white flint, tea, Llbornn, bald, Black pea, and
the Italian spring wheat In tho Middle and
Western States, the Mediterranean, tho Virginia
white May, the blue stem, the Indiana, the
Al. 4 4 o.
tho Talawera. The yield varies from ten 10
forty bushels and upwards, per acre, weigh
ing por bushcl FROM iifty-eight to sixty-seYen
pounds
Il apponrs that on the whole Drop of the Uni
tod States there WAS . gain during the ten
years Of l5645,3 7s bushels Tho cr0p of New
England decreased from 2OI4O 600 to ,O78. 600
bushels, exhibiting decline Of 936 900 bush
els. and indicating that the attention of farmers
has been much Withdrawn from the culture of
wheat Grouping the States from tho Hudson
10 the Potomac, including the District of Co
lnbia, ID appears that they produced in IS49
36,O80, 600 bushels, against 30, 936, 600 in 1899
Ia Virginia, thcro was an increase of /, T. O., 900
bushels These States embrace the oldest
whcat-growiEg region of tho country, and that
in which the soil and climate seom to be adapt
81 10 promote tho permanent culture of the
grain. The inoroase Of production in tho ten
years has bacn {, 1912, 600 bushels equal to 1876
par cent The area of titled land in these
States IL 360O0000 acres only thirty por cent
OF tho whole amount rcturncd-whiio the pro.
portion of wheat produced is forty six per cent
la North Carolina there has been an morcasc
ot 10 900 bushels but in the Southern States
generally there was considerable decrease
ndmua, Illinois, Michigan, and Wisconsin
contributed to tie general aggregate under tho
Sixth Con-us, only $500 900 bnshols; under
the last they are shown 10 have produced up.
wards Of p 900 600 bushels, an amount equal
to the whole increase IN tho United States for
the period
When wa SEQ the growth of wheat keeping
mp with III" progress of population III tho oldest
States OF the Union, we need have no apprc-
hensiou of decline ~ tho cultivation of ihH
important crop.
According to tho census of 1910 the wheat
crop of tho United States amounted to
SIS23 2S2 bushels in iSl9, according 10 the
census oG 1880. 100, 500 500 bushels, although
iu some ui the largest whcnt-growing States
tho crops Of 1919 fell fer below tho average
ln the state Of Ohio especially, was there
great deficiency, and was made apparent by
the rrturus of The wheat crop for the ensuing
year made IN pursuance OF an net Of tho
Legislature OF that State. From the almost
universal ieturnS OF Short crop by the mar
shal7 IA thn, state, in 1919 which fell below
ihpt Of 1899 two millions Of bushels and tho
n-arrluurd crop Of $50 Wa are fully satisfied
TINT the average wheat crop of Ohio would
appear thirty Per cent gr"ator than shown by
thc ocnN7 returns. Tho Same CAUSES which
operated 10 diminish tho wheat crop of Ohio
were not without their clloct upon that of othcr
Stntos bordering on the upper portion OF the
valley Of the Mississippi
Tho Varieties Of American wheat exhibited
at tho Worlds Fair were superior 10 most
others presented for competition and n prize
medal wa5 awarded 10 thooxhibitor of species
from tho Genc,oo valley,
Rvc-'rho three loading varieties cultivated
ia the Unlt'd Statos are the Spring Winter,
and Southcrn--tha lattor differing from tho
others only from dlssimllarity of climate The
yald varies from 10 Nv 30 or moro hushcis per
acre. weighing from as 10 So pound. to tho
bushel. The production Of rye has decreased
lIj7 600 bushels in the aggregate hut in New
York 1t is greater than in 1910, by about forty
lar cont Pennsylvania, which il tho largest
producer, has fallen of from 6,6I3,373 to
4sO5, 100 bushels Perhaps the general dmi-
mutton in the quantity of this grain now pro
duccd, may boz accounted for 10y supposing a
corresponding decline in the demand for dis
tillng purposes 10 which large part of the
crop II applied
This gram has neycr entered largely into
our foreign commerce, ~ the home conSump.
ton ior long period nearly kept pace with
the supply. Tho amount exported from the
United States in 1901 was 392 276 bushels
in 1912, 80 7O5 bushels in 1919, $40 80 bush.
olE. In lS2O-'2l, there were exported 23525
bqrroi- OF rye -four; in ls30-'3l, 1900 bar.
rails. lSt0-il 4i,OSl barrels; in ls45-'46
$500 bHrrcls; IN 1864 1892 barrels in
1880 on, li,l52 barrels. During tho year
ending june /, 1880 there were consumed Ol
rye about 2 IA 600 bushels in the manufacture
of malt and spirituous liquors
According to tho census returns of 1910, the
product Of the country was 1868, 567 bushels
IN 1850, ID 1888 1877 bushels
Maise or Indian C0rH-Thc varieties Of In,
dian corn arc very numerous, exhibiting every
grade of si1e, color, and conformation between
the chubby reed" that grows on the shores
of Lake Suporior-the gigantic stalks OF the
Ohio Valley--the tiny cara with fiat, close
clinging grains of Canada--the brilliant, round.
cd little pcarl--tho bright red grains and white
cob of tho eight-rowed h@malite---tho swelling
eara Of the big white and tho yellow gourd-seed
Of tho South From tho doxibility of this
plant II may DO acolimatizcd, by gradual cul
ovation, from Texas 10 Maine, or from Canada
to Brazil but lbs character, in either case, il
tomewhat changed, and often new varieties arc
the result The blades Of the plant are Of great
value M food for stock, and IN AN article but
rarely estimated sufficiently, when considering
Of tho agricultural products Of the Southern
and Southwestern States especially.
The increase OF production from is4o TO