The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1852-07-27

a
IL is well knoEnthas one Of the FIRST acts Of Boil
yac, after freeing Colombia from the rule OF the
Spaniards, was 10 free all the eolered people who
previously existed IN state ofslavery These were
not all freed at once, but gradual system OF
manunission was adopted; and AZ the present dav
very few monusiisos, as they are termed, exist Ia
Venezuela. Mdnaniis0s are persons who, having
been born Of slaves, sitter attaining certain age.
become free. All that now remains, then, of the
Spapish system of slavery, are a few maaunisos:
and before ten years have passed, the will become
free. A vast amount Of the Venezuelan population
is coored, or at least tinged with colored blood.
There are the ones whom the Paez party offended
by not admitting into the full enjoyment of the
public gifts. Paez and his friends Ind formed a
species Of aristocracy among themselves and wound
ed the amour aT0pre Of these his fellow Citizens
They form the liberal party
Had the Paezistas retired quietly in 1917, when
they found the day had gone against them, anu
bided their time for Presidential term or two the
chancesare, they would have got in again; but their
mistaken pernacity and ceaseless intrigues worked
up the people to state of frenzy against them, and
rendered them ready to do anything against them.
Had the Paezitas not so insisted on their plans and
60 openly boosted of their determination to depose
M0nagas and rseat themselves in lSi9 at all
hazards, the collision Of the oath January never
would have taken place To the Paezsta Efforts
Venezuela clearly owes that day; and though they
systematically distort the facts and antece dents
history will always afix the stigma to them. An
insane lust Of power Their part, drove them on to
commit acts which, In the end so excited the people
as to lash them up into condition fit for anything
The ostentatious guard at the Congress door, the
demand to remove to the fortress at Puerto Cabelo
for the. avowed and open object of restoring Paez
the shot nred on the people on their entering the
house; were all the work Of the Paezistas They
subsequently showed themselves in their true colors
by rising, with arms in their hands, in 1913, and
again in lS49, to do that with arms and by force
which they 90 clearly saw the people would never
agree peaceably. But the prompt manner in Vii h
Al. ~.
and expulsion from the country, whose peace and
happiness they hove dore much TO rum, were un-
denia6ls proofs Of their lack of popularity. as also
OF right. May their residence in the United States
lead them 10 study the institution OF that giorlons
country, and teach them that in republic me mi
nority must yield to the majority.
We annex 70 this memoir a condensed translation
OF the constitution Of lS30-the same one in force
~ the present time. 1t is very excellent consti-
tuition The great defect, however, in Venezuela, il
the standing army; and until that power is thrown
down. the republic will always be posed TO danger
The Roman Catholic persuasion is the predominant
one, and is supported by the State. This, ALSO is
m evil freedom in religion ought to be the motto
of a republic. There certainly is a law declaring
toleI for all forms Of worship in Venezuela; but
it is dead letter, and could not be carried out. In
Caracas Sir Robert Ker Porter when British Consul
General built Protestant chapel in the foreign
burying ground. This is the only Protestant church
in Venezuela IL would be impossible, either in
Caracas or the provinces, TO open place for public
worship in the Protestant faith, such is the supre.
macy OF the Romish persuasion in this country.
ROADS AND INTERNAL NAVIGATION.
There IS great want of these in Venezuela
Owing to the mountainous country and tropi,a
Ians, II is very difficult TO build substantial roads
From Salguaira to Caracas, and Puerto Cabello To
Valencia there are carriage roads; but in the east
ern and western provinces everything is obliged 10
be transported on muleback, at an immense cost of
time and money-and even these mule-tracls are
occasionally impossible. On the river Orinoco at
tempts have been made nj steam navigation, by
company formed in the States. The success, how
ever has not been very great as yet; still believe
II has been such as to warrant the continuance OF
the enterprise, and if theoretically conducted il
VIII no doubt prove most beneficial for Venezuela
and al concerned The river Orinoco, and its tri-
butary streams, Apure and Meta, are nayigabe for
large steamers, and were they well supplied with
them could take immense quantities of produce
Coffee, hiles, cacao, Seq to Angostura whereas,
now. vast deal Of the most fertile territory Of the
republic is uncultvated, because, from the want OF
roads to these rivers. and from want Of sufficient
carrying facilities them it costs more 70 get the
products to market than theyare worth
The lake of Naracaiho has circumference Of 100
leagues, without counting the sinuosites of coasts
or DAYS; with these it has 2l4 leagues crcum-
ference. All The produce from the provinces Of
Merida and IIujillo is sent TO market al MaracaoJ
as also great deal of the coffee and cacso grown
IN the valley OF Cucuta, 10 New Giaaada, wcic. IS
Brought down the rivers of Iulia aud Catatumb0 to
le lake. Steam navigation on iha lISe and those
rivers. Us far as practcahie would be an i'm nsnss
benefit Thai enterprise, however has not yet becn
undertaken The coast Of the lake Of Maracaib0 il
but We're il populated, a. q the prineval
.cissts eat down, they would probably bccon,
healthy. They are very fertile. Cora ard sng4r
are the ciof articles Of culture
AGRICULTURE
il the provinces of Caracas. Carabobo. and Bar
qujsimeto. agriculture is advancing rapidly. and
the latest and most scientific applications for pre-
serving coffee, making sugar, indigo, Sc are all
10 be found in use there, . vast amount of capital
being invested in estates. But in the western
provinces they are still very much behinihand
every operation being conducted in The most print
tive style.
EDUCATION or THE PEOPLE.
TIE Vene2uelans are naturally quick and bright
but the blessings ofeducation are not difused among
them as they ought to be. The following extra
TO Congress- OF the present year. gives lamentaole
descriptions
" Ii is painful says the Secretary, but neces-
sary to confess it. popular education is not propa
gated in the manner which could desire the
happiness of the nation demands. There are more
than five hundred parishes in the republic and fthese
there are four hundred which are without any pub
lie estabi 'hment for primary education. Without
to compare ourselves with other atoms
more advanced in civilization, We find that in Vene
zuela scarcely one child in one hundred and four
teen receives education II is true that the primary
schools are at present. under the protection Of the
provincial Legislatures: but lengJncncd experience
has taught us that all the steps taken by these
bodies for the forwarding of the public instruction
have not been sufficient to remove the obstacles Of
insufficient funds in the various municipalities =
He then goes to ask Congress 10 devise some
method Of creating fund for this especial purpose
POPULATION.
The nearest data we can procure for the number
OF inhabitants arc ne far back rs $50, whom the
population of Vene2uela was as follows viz. -:
Consisting Of uncivilizod Indians ........ 2,il5
Conquered luaIans-
customs NEUTRALITY-SUSPICIOUS.. 1900
Civilized Indians, who preserve the chlrac-
teristios of their race, but who speak
Negro slaves Observation-Disclosures. 1872
White Spanish Americans, and other To-
reigners Observation-Disclosures. 260,00D
Individuals Of mixed race-Europeaus,
Creoles, Indians, AT leans, ard their va
ntsies ..'....' ........ ........ +ll,ioi
Total population .....,............... sij,3is
The yearly patuIal increase. taken a. $4,000,
would make the population of Venezuela, AT the