The daily dispatch. [volume] (Richmond [Va.]) 1850-1884, 1852-12-07

! sary Suatl De treated will
! humanity. ., He is Instructed. how.yer q, ~
same time, TO give that government fhe a,nnles
assurances that the objects of the Unite,
states are such and such only "a have ind;
Gated, and that the expedition is friendly an,
peaceful. Notwithstanding the jealousy will
winch the government of Eastern Asia regart
all overiares from Foreigners L am not with
out hopes OF beneficial result of the expe
dItlon. Should it be crowned with success
the advantages will not be confined to tn,
United States, but as in the case of China
viii be equally enjoyed by all the other mari
tune powers have much satisfaction in stat
ing that ~ all the steps preparatory to this ex
pedlton the government of the United States
has been materially aided blythe good offices
OF the King of the Netherlands, the only Eu.
ropean power having any commercial rela.
tons with Japan.
In passing from this survey OF our foreign
relations, 1 invite the attention of Congress to
the condition Of that department Of The go
vernment to which this branch of the public
business ls entrusted. Our intercourse with
foreign powers has, of late years greatly in.
creased, both n consPq qnenee efour own growth
and the introduction Of many new, States into
| the family of nations. la this way the De-
parfnlent OF State has been overburthened. II
has, by the recent establishment of the Depart
| ment OF the Interior, been relieved of some
- 4
sIGue OF the business Of that kind such as the
distribution OF Congressional documents, the
I Keeping, publishing and distribution of the
| laws OF the United States, the execution of
the copyright law, the subject of1reprie yes ani
pardons, and soma other subjects relating to
interior admi lisiraton, should be; transferred
from the Department of State, it would be un-
questonabjy for the benefit of the public SER
wee. 4 would also suggest thai the building
eDnrODTIstpd tho Sfafe naoo -
| fire proof; that there is reason to think thers
are defects IN It's construction, and that the ar
chives'o of the governmentin charge Of The De-
partment, with the precious collections Of the
| manuscript papers Of Washington -Jeffafsef
Hamilton, Madison, and. NJ Monroe, re exposed
to destruction by fire. A similar remark may
be made OF the buildings appropriated TO the
Wan and Navy Departments.
The condition of the Treasury IL exhibited il the
aEnual report from that Department.
The es.h receipts into the Treasury for The Gscal
year ending the 3Qth June last, exclusive of trsst
funds were forty nine millions seven hundred and
twentyele hi thousand three hundred and eighty
SIX dollars end eighty nine CENTS (s4s 72S 386 SO
aud the expenditures for the same period like wise
exclusive ef trust funds, were forty,sx millions
seven thousand eight hunired and ninety-.x dol.
lars and twenty cents, (s4e,OO7,5ee gU9 of which
nine millions four hundred and fity-fre thousand
eight hundred erd fifteen dollars aud eight three
cents 80 4526l5 s3) vas account of the princi-
Qhl IuicEt1t Ol LGS puhlC CGOt, including the
last insalment of the indemnity to Mexico under
the treaty of Guadalupe Hdalgo, leaving a balance
Of S4 1876 sim the Tressury on The first dsy of
July last. Since this latter period further purchases
of the principal of the public debt have been made
to the extent Of two millions four hundl ed ana fifty
S K thousand five hundred and forty eeven dollars
and forty-ni cents, CS24S6 SAT 49, and the sur.
plus IN the Treasury will continue to be app led to
that object, whenever the stock cen be procured
within the limits a. to price authorized by law.
The value of foreign merchandise imported dur.
ing the last fiscal year was two hundred aud seven
millions two hundred and forty Thousand one hun
drad and one dolars (S207 240 l0l , and the valne
Of domestic productions exported was one hun,
dred and forty nine mi pns eis sht hundred and six.
ty-ene thous, md nine hundred and eleven dollars,
(sl49 Sol ,9l13 j besides ,seveIteeR millions two
hundred and tour thousand and twenty-sx dollars
(sl7 ,204, ,020 of foreign merchandise exported
making the aggregate of the entire exports one
huRdrd and sixty .seren millions sixty i've thou,
sand nine hundred and thirty seven dollars, (sI67.
065 9370 exclusive of the above there ex ported
forty-tw millions i've hundred and seven thousand
twohundred and eighty fire dollars (s4.,5O 2s5) in
srece; and imported from foreign ports five mil.
lions two hundred and sixty.two thousand six hun.
dred and forty three dollars, ($5, ,262 ,643)
Ia my first annual message TO CongressI called
your attention to what seemed to me some defects
in the present tariff and recommended such modii.
cations as il my judgment were best adapted to
remedy its evils and promote the prosperity Of the
country. Nothing has since occurred to change nay
views on this important question.
Without repeating the arg nen contained IN
my former message in favor OF discriminating,
protective duties, deem il my duty to call your
attention to one two other Considerations affect
In this subject The rztis the effect of large i'm
portations of foreign goods upon our currency
Most Of the gold of California, as fast is coined
finds its way directly to Europe in payment for
goods purchased. In the second place, as our man.
ufacturiDg establishments are broken down by
competition with foreigners, the capital invested in
them ia lost, thousands of hoscst and industrious
citizens are thrown out of employment, and the
farmer to that extent is deprived of home market
for the sale of his surplus produce. In the third
place, the destruction of our manufactures leaves
the foreigner without com petition in our market,
and he consequently raises the price of the article
sent here for sale, 10 seen in the increased
cost of iron impaired from England. The pros.
perity and wealth Cfevery nation must depend up-
on Its productive industry The farmer Is stinu.
lated to exeEtion by finding ready market for bis
surplus products and benefited by being able to-
exchange them without loss of time or expense OF
transportation, for the manufactures which his
comfort or convenience requires. This is ALWAYS
done to the best advantage where portion of the
community in which he lives are engaged in other
pursuits. But most manufactures require an
amount of capital and practical skill which cannot
be commanded, unless they be protected for time
from ruineas esmpetition from abroad. Hence the
necessity of laying these duties upon imported
goods which the Constitution auiiolizes for reye-
nue. in such manner as to protect and encourage
the labor of our own citizens. Duties however
snOuiu nor De nxeC al rate SO n.gh as TO exclude
the foreign Article, but should be SO graduated IS
to enable the domestic manufacturer fairly to COM
pete with the foreigner in our ewn ma kets, and by
this com petition to reduce the price of the manu-
fsctured article to the consumer to the lowest rate
at which it can be produced. This policy would
place the mock aric by the side of the farmer cIs
ate matuai interchange of their respective com.
modties, and thus stimulate the industry OF the
whole country and render Us independent of for
egn nations for the suppies required by the habi
or necessities of the people -.
/ Another question, wholly independent of protec
ton, presents ITSELF anj that is, whether the duties
levied should be upon the value of the article at the
place OF shinnent or where It is practicable, spe
c4fc duty, graduated according to quantity, as as
certsined by weight or measure. AL car dates
are at present Cd ra!orax, A certsis per eenssge
il levied the price Of the goods at the port Of
shipmentin toreisn country. Most commercial
nations have foaad itihdspensable, for The purpose
of preventing fraud and pc jury to make ,hs duties
specific whenever the article 10 of such uniform
value in weight or measure as to justify such a
duty. - 75A - l"i' . - 80 80 ~ ~ ~
|. Legisaiienishould never encourage dishonesty or
iziu yev Al