Weekly national intelligencer. [volume] (Washington [D.C.]) 1841-1869, 1852-06-19


lures nv prohibitions discriminating duties and CONNER
cia regulations has been and is the true, natural anc
wise policy of nations, or all history Is Ne ms
10 suppose that the elevation OF one in'eres
is the of Others is more than insinuated BY
the baltimore platform which is intended, not only foi
all kinds Of men, but for every fowl Of the air sh Of the
sea fourooted beasts and especially for every creeping
thing 10 stand upon All classes OF national industry like
the arts and sciences are bound togeher py one
band All flourish languish together
/ Manufactures in every age, have been the especial
handmade of agriculture and commerce Select from his
tory any example that you peasetake Iyre which was
She was also the furthest advanced in manufactures
Many of her fabrics have scarcely been exceed Her
dyes have passed into proverb She transplanted her
policy with her colony Carthage, which soon became
powerful the most powerful maritime nation of her time
The same cause has produced the effect wherever 1t
has existed in ancient modern tmesat Syracuse at
Genoa and Venice But the most powerful example Of
the influence of manufactures the COMMERCE and wealth
Of nations is TO be found in the case Of Holland
Up TO the end of the reign OF Charles Holland was
the workshop of Europe Her ingenious and industrious
mechanics and manufactures produced not only enough
for their country, bat large supuses to export to
other nations That surplus furnished employment for
large number Of her vessels which took her fabrics
to other countries and brought back rich cargoes not
merely for their consumption, but for the supply Of
boring markets While other nations were uafhcking
in the bulky raw materials Of little value she dealing
in the same material increased hundred fold in value
by the industry and skill of her people Thus she COM
manded the market OF every country and not only en-
ched her mechanics and manufacturers but her traders
and shippers became merchant princes She had more
wealth than any other nation and her commercial marine
exceeded in number Of ships ell the other nations OF Europe
together Her war vessels also exceeded that OF any
other nation All this wealth, all this commerce. all this
power was produced by country of small circumference
and with little agricultural advantages 1t was done by
manufactures alone How did she lose this superiority,
and what country has gained it. and by what means
Whatever else may be said of the English Puritans,
taiu haf he Comm 20
iuced some of the ablest statesman of the world
England that time poor nation, with but few
establishments. Her wise men saw that
insular position and her small territory rendered it
impossible for her to become rich and powerful except
through commerce and manufactures How were they
accomplish it? Did they preach free-trade doctrine
That would have exactly suited Holland. She had i'm
nense start in skill and capital and that system would
have left her forever without rival for the nation which
far above all others in knowledge and means that sys
tenn which will keep other nations from starting at all is
the true Just surely it is the wrong one for those
who behind The statesmen of England were deuded
by such folly They that they must exclude the
articles of other nations and give the home
market ercusioey to their artisans, as to induce
them to embark their time their capital and talents In
the creation of domestic fabrics She admitted the raw
material which she could not produce free, prohibited
the importation of many articles and laid heavy discrm
mating duties others But her main instrument was
the celebrated Navigation Act
The provisions of that famous law it would be pedantc
for me to enumerate before body of gentlemen every
one of whom is thoroughly acquainted with it, 1t is
enough to say that its provisions the most stringent
md most highly protective both of commerce and manu-
acures of any that it was possible to form Nothing
could be further from free trade Its effect oil that
is projectors desired. England at became manu-
acturing country She not only had monopoly Of the
market but was soon able to compete with her great
iva In the markets of the world As necessary
uence, her commercial marine increased rapidly that
ursery fed her navy until she has become the most
Manufacturing commercial rich, and powerful nation
hat the world ever And where is Holland who in
pride neglected these precautions She has sunk
n Insignificant Power among European nations; she is
by her mighty rival.
England has acquired all this power wealth, and gran
eur through her protective policy alone And now she
reaches q free trade" to others-to young nations
nd there found shallow dupes who swallow the bait
II is often objected to protective tariff that it is for
re benefit Of the rich capitalists This argument know
never used by statesmen or writer's political
y, but often by demagogues who fancy themselves
atesmen.
Now sir it is easy to show protection against foreign
ompetition mainly for the benefit Of the aborer True
helps the capitalists for it is impossible to benefit labor
hout aiding capital and it is impossible to benefit CAPT
ii without aiding labor
have said that protection would principally benefit
lbor The chief value Of most manufactured articles
onsists in labor Take iron for EXAMPLE, The cost
ton Of pig metal in the most favorable locations IN
ms coup. Is about twenty dollars The capital invest
CONSISTS Of the real estatehe furnace and land for
uel and ore OF the twenty dollars cost the labor in
reducing the ore, COAL and smelling amounts to about
lghceen dollars per ton Not than two dollars is
apital Amy protection given 70 iron is given 70 the
aborer in the proportion of nine dollars TO one dollar to
apital. i
The whole Of the labor to be sure is not done by the
oler, the MINER and the furnace htnds part Of Il is
he labor Of the farmer, the miller ard the butcher who
uppy the grain beef and other provisions. S6n the
protection is mainly to the aborous industry Of the coun
ny. So it is with fabrics Of cotton and wool The value
# the material is increased by the labor Of the ope
atves from four 70 twenty times. Anda great part Of
he value Of the raw material is the effect Of labor not
capital Whoever, therefore, ssstains the protection Of
domestic industry sustans the labor Of the people who
opposes il votes for their oppression and poverty
have said that every branch Of national industry is
dependant on every other and partakes Of its prosperity
depression But perhaps no class largely bene
flied by protection the farmers contribute so
largely 70 the power and Independence Of nations. IL
were necessary that either agriculture should
sacrhce something TO the other let II be IL
10 possible TO push foreign trade too far Cicero in his
ease on the Republic says that the reason of the great
weakness OF Carthage that she gave too much aten
ton to her shipping, and neglected agriculture The
wealth Of the farmer arises from his surplus products
And their value depends upon q ready, handy, and
constant market The his farm You bring that
market the better for him. The farmer who send
his produce from Pennsylvania to England for market
must deduct from the price the cost Of freight The
farmer In Ohio Indiana, Illinois who sends his the
seaboard and thence to Europe finds half the price
sumed In carriage. IL each had good market in his
State he would all that expense and double his
profits. "
How are You TO create that market In the same way
that other nations have done Build up manufacturing
villages, towns, and cities in your land Your
plus provisions 20 to distant Market feed those
who make your cloths your cottons, and your iron. II
those within ten miles Of you instead Of
three thousand or four thousand miles how much more
hal hnrn "a