New-York daily tribune. [volume] (New-York [N.Y.]) 1842-1866, 1852-10-23

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Amorg the colonies Of Britain Ireland, but she
protected herself against the system BY high duties on
British ootons ard woolens. British iron. and VARIOUS
other manufactures until, in ls0l BY the Act OF Union
provision made for the gradual abolition Of all da-
ties and the people Of that country were exposed to
Britt competition in all its fury. At the date OF the
passage Of that act her manufactures were extensive
and prosperous and they supplied almost her whole
eonsunipiion; but what has since been the eject OF
Brsh free trade may be seen By reference TO our sep
tenber number in which were exhibited the gradual
decline and final humiliation Of the COTTON, WOODEN and
ether manufactures Of tina, country attended By de-
cline in the prce Of labor TO even tonPeaee dsy and
followed by famine and pestlence, that have reduced
the DOL ulhrion of that magnificent, island to point
lower than that at which it stood thirty years since
Diversifcation OF employment had passed away, and
every man was in the market competing with his neigh
.bcr for the sale of his comnody-la5or-a necessary
oop,ecuepce Of which was that those who desired to
buy II made their own terms Land life e. said an
eminent rish Judge and in the competition for obtain
ing a. much land as would enable the poor people to
sustain life the moot exiravsgan rents were agreed to
lie paid even as high six, eight, ten pounds or
thirty forty or fifty dollars per acre. Such was the
eject Of diminished competition for the purchase of
labor resulting from the establishment OF British free
trade IL India likewise manufactures died away and
with them the competition for the purchase Of labor;
the consequences Of which described, in q recent
between the GovernOrGenersl and the
Ccmrsny o. being at that moment, suffering to NJ
nrous olssr. scarcely 10 be PcraHeed in The history Of
cornrce' The consequences of such state Of things
sre soen in the fact that fanines and pestenccs have
been and mort severe and that cholers per
petually present and must continue whlo shall
qure the labor OF sxth Of the year to purchase the
salt necessary for laborer's family.
Turkey grew cotton and exported cotton yarn while
furnishing hor own people with their cloth Her min
erul resources are inexhsusble and her people were
extensively engaged in the production OF IRON but, IN
happily for her. Britain determined to underworld
tie world and she herself adhered free trade and
direct taxation. the policy now advocated among
selyes by the papers in the employ of Manchester and
Bilming ham and the rcsut OF this In Turkey il
in the fact that nowhere in the empire Is there any
petition for the purchase Of labor that nowhere in Eu.
rope il the cosditio Of the sborer low and that the
nsion IL q plaything in the hands of the Eu.
ropetn powers
The British West Indies havo been ruined by the sys
tem and Canada is now'paralyzed by it. Competition
for the purchase OF labor nowhere exists for all are
luOurhnur VI thuuilldIS ule now seeking
in the Union an asylum in which they may b. in some
degree protected against that Brtrh free trade which
looks everywhere the separation Of the consumer
from the producer and the sulugson of both to the
tyranny OF the middlemen who the ships and the
looms through which they forced to perform their
exchanges.
Such having been the effects Of the system in regard
to the customers Of England we may now look TO see
Io.t 81 hova ri har n,
string to underworld the world che had gradually sub
suted female labor for that of males and infant labor
for that OF adults the necessary consequence OF which
diminished competition for the purchase of labor
Of every kind and increase in tho number of
receiving support out Of the forced contributions
of the people who able support themselves and
the amount Of poorGxes at length to the almost
incredible sum OF nine millions Of pounds sterling or
moro than forty millions Of dollars. Under such cir
cumstances, the people who had labor to SELL could
neither determine for whom they would work what
should be their wages and the result OF this
in the miserable and debssed condition of tho hundreds
of thousands of wretohed people driven seek refuge
in the lanes alleys and cellars of Manchester and Biz
minghsm, Glasgow and Paisley, Liverpool and London
II became length obvious that the system would not
work. The countries with which England had had
what she called free trade ruined and all the pros
porous countries Of the world had imposed high duties
uron British manufactures with view to project their
people in the effort at finding market for their labor
and s pre- ducts and il became necessary endcavor
TO procure relaxation OF the protective system of
those countries England desired to be the workshop
OF The world and that she mi hi become so, she pro-
claimed tho adoption of tla system known in Man
chester By the OF Zee trade by which is
uat the people Of the rest Of the world shall be limited
to pur uttLat OF agrculiure-and that they shall
Lave but one market in which sell their food and their
woo ard but in which TO buy their cloth and their
iron-snd that market England,
The effects of the new -ystern were described in an
iIttion as magical All the world to be en-.
ricled The people of Russia and Germany were to
abandon the idea Of dyersicstion of labor and
to employ themselves in raising food and wool for the
great Englsh market while France furnish silk
aid wine and raise cotton. part Of piieh
uas 70 be norm By oHrsSrs EnI had first crossed
The AoHfie company Nth me food that 10 feed thc
reH rho Rade ii into cloth All the world to sban-
don tie idea Of any combination OF effort !hat could
produce competition for the purchase of labor Eng
land wss henceforth DO the workshop Of the world
and to buy her prices all she desired to have,
while selling all she produced at prices also fixed by
herself
France, Belgium, Germany Sweden, Denmark, and
RusIh, lad then high protective tariffs and to them
they have since adhered believing that their interests
were to be promoted by the system that brought the
to the producer and that the nearer the
l,om and the plCw, the hammer and the harrow, the
larger would be the reward ofabor. This country wa
then but just recovering from the distresses OF sil2
the period ola most perfect approach to British free
tlere existed scarcely any demand for labor
Our mills and furnaces had been closed and we had
long ceased TO build new ones; the consequence OF
which had been that carpenters and masons miners and
smeers cotton and woolen manufacturers, every
where seeking employment in farming in other pur
cults, with daily tendency further decline Of wages
Willie romen and children. expelled from the mills and
deprived of all employment had ceased to earn wages
aid in the maintenance Of the families Of which they
were part. There had been no competition for the