The republic. [volume] (Washington [D.C.]) 1849-1853, 1852-11-18
Austrslia and the cnSlish Emigration
z E Thither.
From the London Times.

% p a.
From the London Iimss-, :, ~
The embank ments that for so long q period pent
| in the people of this country and made man tho
moet worthless and unmana geable thing in II have
at length given way, and we arc flooding the New
World, and still newer continent under our feet,
with our "surplus population' This seed plot Of
nations, which hes SO long seen its plants choke
one another, ia at length fulfilling it's purpose.
But If the change 10 great on the new shores that
We are popping, II IL by no means without effect
| at home. Poor laws, union warehouses;, labor
tests, dietaries. settlement lava and disputes, re-
| moval orders, Malthusian theories, and all the
endless controversy between property and labor,
bid fair to be superseded and rendered utterly OBJ
| soIete by a mysterious summons which has sud-
denly called people out Of these isles far away
the ends of the earth There they go, faster and
the people to return. The pupil from Hayleybury
or Addiscombe hopes 70 come back nabob, and
the young lady who accompanies @ husband, or
| seeks one, up the Ganges, hopes TO end her days
| among the churches and green fields OF Old Eng
land. Not 80 the sturdy sons and daughters Of
labor, of misfortune, OF enterprise that are now
taking flight fast sh be mann ed or even
built. They GO for good. If we want them ever
% much they will come back. their chill
dren will never seek the land of their fathers, ex
oept to satisfy occasional purpose superfuOus
curiosity Il is England itself that 10 leaving, and
will leave its home, till how much OF England IL
| left we do not venture TO predict
The ratio of this national "exodus'' cannot but
be progressive from the circumstance that the Ia
cilities and the inducements oil emigration will in
crease together. As emigrants depart wages rise
| at home. Every working man who leaves this
metropolis for Port Phillip, leaves q place to be
supplied by some village iaborer or provincial me
chanic. The aborers OF remote parishes, recently
| 30 crowded M to be entirely at the mercy Of the
EMPLOYERS, now feel their advantage and use it.
Putting out Of the question the assistance from
lonin iunds--not likely to be continued very
Iong--we should think the rise in agricultural wa
ges. during the last TIVE years, amounts in many
parts to three four shiings for the whole family.
sufficient of itself to supply the means of emigra
ton for the whole family in three or four years.
The improvement, however, is more in the abun-
and in the increased openings for young people of
talent and enterprise But every opening at home
is an opening to the colonies Meanwhile, what
ore the Inducements there? We are not going to
talk about nuggets and dust, for it is not every
body who sink shafts and run galleries sixty
feet deep. work for days up to his waist in snow
water. Moreover gold tells its own tale, and needs
no gliding ofoors. We will simply give the state
of the labor market: At Sydney, as beautiful
spot as any in these isles. with much more enjoy
able climate, and many miles from the diggings,
laDofera obtain from los. to los. and lSs day.
Female servsnts are not to be had for love or
money. The rate Of pay for seamen for the
trip home is from fS to El0 month-that Is,
f3o or E4o for the voyage AT this figure there
the Ganges, which arrived the other day, bad been
detained for more than month from inability to
get her complement. This was the case at Sgd
ney, comparatively out of the field Of the gold
hunting operations At Melbourne, at the last
date, we are credibly informed common sailors
were ree Giving El20 in one hand while they held
the capstan. tar in the other El2O for the
home But while the employers were at the
mercy of the men, the "gold- diggers' we're not
less at the mercy Of all who ministered to their
wants. They were paying in the aggregate more
miles Of road from Melbourne to Mount Alexan-
der. Every thing necessary for their operations
was in demand; roads, steam vessels for the inter
colonial traffic; houses stores Of all knds, and every
class of useful labor. The miners, OF whom large
proportion Mt least respectable the average
English iaborer, are obliged to give up much Of
their time to household operations that any female
servant could do very much better, and among
the whole 60 900 there were not at the last date
more than eight hundred women For some indi-
cation of the state of things to which the Austria
liam colonies we're fast arriving, we refer to the
letter Of our correspondent at Sydney, under the
date Of May "a, but the news brought by the
land mail to the end of July describes the labor
market in a still more extraordinary state.
Such attractions certain to have due
weigh, with every man who has hands to work
and family to support, that it really ssuperuous,
But the ruth is, it 10 longer object, to those
who must stay at home, to urge emigration If
we could be sure that emigration would just go to
such point as to leave the working classes at
honie in command Of fair wages and then etop,
we might rejoice without reserve at the daily
sight IF the smigrant ships weighing anchor at
Gravesend. But change is seldom so exactly in
TO the demand. There ia the greatest
probability that in very few years we shall want
hands, and even heads, for all employments and
professions, from the decks of our men of.w to.
our shops and our merchants otiices. In the face
of E l20 demanded and obtained for the run home
from Melbourne, what chance is there for the
queens ship at sos. month"; Or what sensible
parent viii go on ri, Knees to ask place for ms
can five times as much, learn MORE and en-
JOY better health, at Sydney or Melbourne? Bot
with wages rising on all sides, it 10 evident that
every kind of commercial calculation will be Sc
riously affected, and that building, road making,
the maintenance and service Of railway, all our
maritime and internal traffic, and above all agri-
come much more expensive The national de-
fences, under all beads,; must become. year by
year, more costly affair, while the State to
be defended becomea yearly more valuable and
more inviting 10 the cupidity Of our great rival.
Should socnl and political difficulties of this kind,
and of these dimensions, thicken around us, they
viii far oatbalance any merely financial easement
that might arise from the cheapcning OF gold, and
the virtual depreciation of the national debt. The
Intigatiun they will probably receive through the
arrival OF continental artisans and laborers, much
and it is impossible to think OF our
army and navy being recruited from naturalized
foreigners, without some little misgivng. But
whatever the precise form Of the result, and what
EVER the pressure the mitigation of our difficult
lies. certain il IL that rapidly passing from
one important phase of our national life TO another,
from surplus to n deficiency OF native popnla-
lion; and to this the attention Of our rollers lie i'm
peratiyely demanded IT, r.a ,.-ea., a.,, as..r-at
r... ,.... ,-4--,------------ sl.a
The Law RELATINo TO LETrKRs.-Some cUntro-
aersy (s,ys the New York Commercially has taken
place with reference TO tho public notice given by
Mr.. Webster's literary executors, in which their
exclusive legal right to publish his letters 10 whom
soevcr addressed was asserted. u has been clearly
shown that such right really vests in them, and
he discussion may be considered to be ended.
The matter is 30 clearly stated, however. in the
October number of the London ReUe,p published
IN England before there was mournful necessity
Tor such notice from Mr.. Webster's friends, that
i may not be without interest. Mr.. Hardy has
published the "Lfe and Letters of Lord Langdale."
Among his pnpers we're found GONE letters from
he late Sir Francis Burdett- written in the conf
fence Of familiar -correspondencc-and some Of
hesc with Ind MI IL rdu haa cd