The national era. [volume] (Washington [D.C.]) 1847-1860, 1852-03-25

cheering ana prOpnetlc, IL pTeulCteu wa. 'iiiS
treason Of the King would work out the lnde-
pendence of the Magyar State, and closed
with the appeal " To arms, to arms every man
to arms and let the women dig a deep grave be-
tween Yeszprem and Fehervar, in which to
bury either the name fame, and nationality OF
Hungary. or our enemy" The sons of Attila
rose us one man, the Diet took its firm resolve,
the Ministry executed it, and the Nation organi-
eel almost in day, and appointed and sup
pI ed as soon, by the genius which had sum.
moned it 70 the field, met defeated, and chased
the invader to the very walls of Vienna, and
there sat down and waited, unhappily in vain,
the concerted rising Of the German Repub-
Leans for the overthrow Of the Empire The
Constitutional Assembly of Austria, although
cheered by popular victories, yacllated, and
then of course covered, and at last amid the
defamation Of tho patriots, abandoned the easy
revolution. Hungary was thus left alone. Hel
constitutional compact and oath embarrassed
the Emperor He therefore resigned and hi
son, a youth Of seventeen, sprang into tn,
throne, spurning the hateful ceremonies of 1
Hungarian coronation, and trampling the Con
stitution of st. Stephen into the earth Mn,
armies at once entered Hungary on variOu
sides, instructed to complete its subjugation b,
concentrating on tho banks of the Thesis No
one Of them reached that beautiful river AL
were assaulted, routed, and repulsed; and OF
the nineteenth day of April. lS49, only on
year after the Nation had become free by tn
act of her Prince, the Diet deposed and Danish
ed the House of Hapsburg pronounced tn
connection between Hungary and Austria n
an end, and declared Hungary an Independent
State, and committed its Government unde
due responsibilities to its deliverer, Louis Kos
suth, as Governor and President. Three days
afterwards, the last of the invading armies
withdrew, and thus the war ceased, and Hun
gary was then in fact and by success OF arms,
az well as in law and by the voice of justice,
Independent and free.
Nine months later, that independence was
overthrown by two hundred thousand Russian
troops with one hundred and forty thousand
auxiarics, at the command of the Gar. on no
better pretaxt than this: that the successful ex-
ample of Hungary was dangerous to order and
religion in Europe But this was nothing less
N ,ne i, 6rus u ,rrs,.,ta) ,nNn deprs-...7-
Of Hungary of what belonged to her by Rus
STA, "ior her own advantage and such acts have
been universally condemned as criminal by all
writers on the law Of nations, from the dawn of
thatscence untilts present MONDAY When, in
this fresh and accumulated invasion and inter-
yention, the national army, not without extra
ordinary and chooring successes were at last
hemmed in and around the national fortresses,
and there remained only hope that terms of
capitulaton might be obtained, Gorgey, the
victorious and popular military chief, became
contumaciou5 towards the civil authorities. He
was depoSed but was restored rs an indispen-
sable alternative aud then holding in his own
hands the only available means Of effective re-
sistance, ne exacted an absolute dictatorship
Us a condition Of using them. Invested with
supreme powor he used it to complete sur
render of the country in pursuance of previous
concert with the enemy without conditions
except in one instance, and without striking
blow. The civil leader with small but he
roc band escaped into Turkey and now, after
long surveillance there, restored to freedom and
activity, ne is amongst us, with soul unsub-
dued by treachery misfortune, poverty re-
proach, and oxIle, preparing new revolution
for his iltherland, which, rs soon as it was
surrendered TO the Car, was by him delivered
over to the Emperor, and ut once submerged
in the Austrian Empire.
SIR, on the grounds Of these principles and
these facts, | submit to the Senate and to the
people of the United States that certain propo-
stions implied in the protest offered by the
honorable Senator from Michigan, Mr.. CAss
and fIlly and distinctly expressed in that pre-
sented 10y myself are established, namely:
!. That the people of Hungary, in the ex-
srclse OF rights secured to them by the law of
nations, in II solemn and legitimate manner
asserted their national Independence, and
tablshed GOvernmentby their own voluntary
act, and successfully maintained it against all
parties lawfully Interested in the question
2. That the Emperor of Russia, without
Just or lawful right, invaded Hungary, and by
fraud and armed force subverted the national
independence and political constitution thus
established, and thereby reduced that country
10 the condition OF a province ruled by for
eign aud absolute Power
3. That although the United States from
the necessities of political society recognise the
existing rule in Hungary, yet they are not indif-
terent to the usurpatlon and conquest by which
it was established
d. That they may lawfully protest against
that conquest and usurpatiOn, aud against any
new armed Intervention by Russia to uphold it
against the will of the people of Hungary if it
shall be expressed
Sir, this being tho whole of our case, and
it being thus established, | ask why shall we
not proclaim that just and lawful protest
An honorable Senator Mr.. MILLER an
swers that we shall not speak, because {" the mat
ter is foreign But how is it foreign! Docs it
not arise in the family of nations and are we
not member of that family, and interested in
Its welfare, and therefore in the laws by which
that welfare is secured There was Il Senate
two thousand years ago in which that objec-
ton provoked II rchuke from one who never
INDUCED thought of the Republic that was
not divine. Haze hr socialis est" said Cicero,
"hoc jus nGtionum erterdrum est Hanc habent
dreem, minus diiquanto nunc quidem muni-
tam guam Gnted rerumtdmen 81 qua reIiqud
SpeS est qude SociOrum dnimoS o0nSoidri p0SSet ca
totd an hdc iege p0Sitd est ;, eujuS legiS non modo
Popuio Romano, Sed etiam db uh,mdS ndtioni-
bus jampriiem SeUeri cutodes requiruntu'
Another Senator Mr., CLEMENS tells us
that interest is the first law of nations, and
that an enlightened sense of interest offers nc
argument for such a course. Sir granting the
extraordinary rule thus assumed, the value OF
the objection depends on what constitutes an
interest. While it is true that this proceeding
will not be directly compensated by either
treasure or territory, it is equally clear that
we need neither and that the promise of both
would constitute no adequate motive. The
commerce of Hungary is however, an interest
to be secured by us; and iuconsiderable as il
must be under Despotism, it would expand
under a Republic. But ~ it is written for indi.
Hdual guidance, " Man shall not live by bread
alone 80 is it true of nations, that riches and
aggrandizcment are means and not objects q
Government, and that States live and flourish
not on merely physical elements, but just il
the proportion that law, order, peace, justice
and liberty, are maintained in the common
wealth of nations. What expenses do We MOI
incur, what ornaments do We not sustain, t.
protect our national rights against apprchend
ed inustcel How much more must we not
expend, what greater ornaments must we not
provide if we by silence or pusillanimity en-
eouraCe attacks ON the common Molfara OF nm