Weekly national intelligencer. [volume] (Washington [D.C.]) 1841-1869, 1852-12-04

the uvian territories the same privileges of tax
ing in and landing freight entering the byports for the
purpose Of receiving and landing passengers and their
oaggsgs specie and bullion carrying the public mails,
establishing depots for coal erecting the necessary
chine and workshops for repairing and refttng the steam
vessels and all other favors enjoyed by any other
citation or company whatsoever
IL Is furthermore understood between the high con-
tracing parties that the steam vessels Of either shall
subject in the ports of the other party any duties
tonnage harbor other similar duties whatsoever
that are or may be paid by any other association
company"
BY the Sd article ii is agreed that
"The two high contracting parties hereby bind and
engage themselves not to grant avor privilege or inn
munity whatever in matters of commerce and
10 OTHER nations which shall not be also immediately erend
cd 10 me citizens Of The other contracting party who shall
JOY the same gratuitousy if the concession shall have
oeen grauitous or on giving compensation as nearly
as possible Of proporonae value and effect be adjust
ed Dy mutual agreement il the concession shall have
been conditional"
And, finally, by the I'd article it is declared that
The United States Of America and the republic of
feru mutually agree that there shall be reciprocal liberty
OF commerce and navigation between their respective
rtoes and citizens the citizens of either republic may
frequent with their vessels all The coasts ports and places
mitted and reside in all parts Of the territory of either
ana occupy dwellings and warehouses and everything
belonging thereto shall be respected and shall not be
subjected to any arbitrary visit or search
The said citizens shall have full liberty to trade in
all parts OF the territories Of either according the rules
by the respective regulations of commerce.
In oil Kinds Of goods merchandise manufactures and
produce not prohibited to ALL and to open retail
and shops under the municipal and poicce regua-
tons as native citizens
Thus Brazil instead Of treating us out of the Amazon
has treated us into it, for by solemn spulatons with
reru american citizens had already the right frequent seh
TIER peses all the coasts ports and places in Peru wher
ever foreign commerce is may be permitted.
And furthermore in this treaty Peru binds and engages
herself not to grant any favor privilege or immunity
whatever in matters of commerce and navigation
nations which shall not be also Immediately extended to the
citizens Of the United States
Thus therefore, this treaty Of auvial navigation and
commerce between Peru and Brazil has let us into the
Amazon, so far as Peru let for we have the
right to trade upon her Amazonan tributaries that
Brazil has.
Moreover Lieut. Herndon informs me that the vessels
of Brazil that go polling about the Amazon and its Span
sh American tributaries in the habit of visiting all
places and ports in these republics without let hinder
They gather the products of the forests and the
staples of the country ad h6i in short that the Bra
zilans enjoy there perfect tree trade there not being
custom-house excise officer in the whole valley or
single restraint upon perfect freedom trade until you
get down into Brazil.
We have, therefore, in the Amazonian provinces and
upon the Amazonian waters of Peru all the rights and
privileges that Brazil has, II CAN GET THERE.
Not only so: Peru, in 1885, published decree which
made her Amazonian provinces for while the common
property of the world.
When that gold-explorng party of which have al
ready spoken returned with their seven hundred
pounds weight Of gd washed gourds from the streams
of this the Ministers of Peru wrote letters and
had them published inviting all the world in consequence
as they said of these discoveries of the and washngs
n Ln-x ~ --
vantage of them and make of the natural productions
Of those regions and the world assured that the emf
grants of all nations going there should have all civil and
religious liberty.
But this invitation fell still born because the Andes
with their snowcapped SUBMITS and the long bosterous
and dangerous passage of Cape Horn stood up one
hand as barrier to keep out the immigrant by way of
the shores of the Pacific, and the other hand Brazil
closed the Amazon against his passage up from the
Atlantic ocean.
Hence arises the question Of the daythat of the
navigation of the Amazon
The question to the free for navigation river
which runs through the donnons Of than Power
familiar one to statesmen 1t has been settled upon
the everlasting principles of right long ago. and cannot
now admit of dispute.
In Europe the navigation Of the Rhine is conceded as
right in common to those to whom its waters belong In
North America is right-his free Of that
are common property-which involves principles very
dear to the people The Mississippi is illustration of
this fact for the people do forget that the mouth of
that river in foreign hands that threatened to
shut it to of the great West when owners
Of its head navgabe waters only and of its mouth
1t is right which, in the Of Texas practical
conceded to her citizens with regard the Red river
without the asking when she independent republic
1t is right which the United States have always claim
ed with regard to the St. Lawrence but which we have
never thought worth contention because for all or
rather for great many Of the practical purposes
life people have brought the commercial mouth of
the St. Lawrence down by railroad and canal from the
straits of Belle ISLE and placed it at Sandy Hook.
Canadian merchants and English subjects pay tolls to
railroads and canals for taking their produce to New
York and market We therefore do not care to see the
st. Lawrence opened.
In South America IL is right which Brazil has assert
ed on the La Plata to the Ultima ratio" when she
was Of the upper countries
The United States, therefore, committed to this
principle; and Brazil is committed to it.
We have contended for here the north side Of the
Tropc Of Cancer Brazil has fought for it under Capri
and must both stand up for it together under
the Equator.
But in the with this side of the line there
were than two nations concerned in the nay
CATION Of single water-course Here in South Ameri-
ca there are dozen and this makes the much
the stronger in favor Of liberal policy all sides with
regard to this question.