The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1852-11-24


commerce, but to shut ny. from observation the
the finest country in the weld and among the
immense treasures which lie dormant and undo
yeloped there, class the precious stones and me .as
as among the least Of the truly valuable.
There is now in Rio the rignsl OF an order issued
when Humboldt was travelling in South America, or
deIng that great man TO be made prisoner should
he once set foot on Brazilian territory.
And il has been but two or three years ago that
application was made by this government to that of
Brazil for permission to send steamer ~ the ANA
ron to explore it, not for the benefit OF the United
States alone, but for the good of science
and the world. Permission was refused The con-
sequence was, two officers of the navy were ordered
to cross the Andes, from Lima I'd descend the
Amazon as they might One Of these officers (IIieut
Hernoon, U, s. NJ has just returned, and is now
engaged with his report; the other (Lieut. Gibbon)
is still on his way down
Thus, in consequence of this japanese spirit that
still fingers in Brazil officers in the pursuit. of
science and knowledge for the benefit OF the human
family, were, by this dog i'm he-manger policy,
PEELED to undergo all sorts of exposures; and living
on monkeys and sea COWS, TO descend that mighty
river from its to it's mouth RATES, in dug
outs, and upon such floating things as they could
find.
On the ridge to the north Of Damentino, Castle.
nau the waters Of the La Plata and the Amazon
flowing from the same farm.
We found Gays he) one Of the very sources of the
Anoa "a tributary Of the Cuyaba) which rises in
vine Of the plateau, and flows towards the SOUTH 1t Is
INV from The forK IL which thsy say l. attle more
elevated These two unto almost immediately
ip the valley TO form the Anoa which the
Of kebo. The farm Of Estvado where were is stu
nteo on one OF the most interesting points which the
tinent prespts There in fact and q. few steps
from the other arise the Of two of the greatest
rivers in the world the Amazon a1d the La Plata
may day be very easy to establish alton
between these gigantic streams for the master OF the
house as he told us himself had attempted simply for
the purpose ofrgatng his garden to turn the Of
river into the bed Of the other The Of the
river Etyado the true branch Of the Arnas L. found in
kn1a he gha1t
north about ESQ feet east Of the house of the Nance
and 275 feet west Of this sppears in little grove the
source OF an huent OF the Tonba1or which Is known 10
be one Of the tributaries Of the Cuyabs. The farm Of
Estivado therefore the dividing line OF the waters
which flow north and those which ow south The same
phenomenon is observed in saou in the times Of great
floods here is torrent whose waters at certain point
separate in such manner that the ono hand they
now to the Cuyaba and on the other to the Tapajos All
this great plsteau Is on the dividing ne OF the waters
The superintendent Of Estivedo told that q
nee had been carried frem Cuyaba in the Arnss by
Of portage Of only four leagues the Chs
poa and the proprietor OF Macu had proposed TO esab
lish this communication.
Diementino carries on direct trade with Para,
by the Arinas, the Tapaios, and Amazon. The
place OF ebarkation is ten from the village,
and the voyage up and down, thence 70 Para, occu-
pies eight months The Tapsos is said to be sickly.
The foreign merchandise that reaches Diamentino
by this route, is sold at advance, the average
Of eight hundred and fifty per cent on its price in
Para, which is some so or 100 per cent on New York
prices
Were this trade large as at present it is not-ani
without steamboat navigation never be-Penn-
sylvania, no doubt would rejoice in it, for iron 10
DIumentino and the province of Matte Grasso gene
rally sell AZ SO the 100 bs.nve hundred and fifty
dollars ton!a price which ought surely to satisfy
the iron men Of any country. Salt sells at SIS tn
100 lbs: -four at $40 per barrel
Castelnau quotes the Para and Diamsntino prices
OF thrtytour OF the principal foreign articles of
trade between the two places and the average ad.
vance in Diamentino upon these Para prices il, az
have stated, eight hundred and fifty per cent
Passing from this benighted country over into Do.
Yia, Castelnau came 20 an entirely different sort of
people Industrious and hTigiog, the Boliyiaus,
they contemplate their lovely rivers, the Picemayo
and the Maceira, sgh for the steamboat and the free
navigation Of La Plata and che Amazou.
The Piloamayo takes It's rise under the south wall
Of their beautiful '.Silyer City, Chuquiscaca is
called. The Nernejo another large Bolivian tribu-
tsly OF the La Plata, bas its sources further south
Alter course OF thousand miles TO the southwark
and eastward, these streams empty into the Para
quay; and anxious is Bolivia for the steam navi
CATION of these rivers that she has am told offered
bonus OF $40 000 90 the first steamboat tdat win
ascend the Peamayo to the head Of navig ation.
Chuquiscaca stands on spur of mountain which
juts GU. from the Andes, and constitutes The divide
between the head waters of the Pl!camayo and the
Madeira. The latter taking IT'S rise under the north
wall Of this city, and joining tributary which
cones down from the city of Cochebsnba, takes
sweep Of some three hundred miles to the southwark
and eastward; then. recovering itself, and swollen
by the numerous tributaries received by the way, it
turns north towards the Amazon, and flows by Santa
Cruz de la sieIrs-the capital Ct the republics
magnificent sheet Of water.
From the two first named cities by the winnings
OF the Madeira to the ocean, tho distance is upwards
OF two thousand miles than halt of which is in
Bolivian territory. Well may that republic there
fore sigh for river steamers and the right OF way up
and down the Amazon.
The climate Of Bolivia is one Of the finest tropical
climates in the world. Indeed, its climates aud
productions may be considered to include those OF
all the hahitahls portions OF the globe.
Here, one seated at the foot Of a mountain, and
surrounded sith the luscious fruits Of the tropics,
nsy. castirg his eye up towards ths snow capped
peak asove him, tato in az view the whole range
OF the vegetable gammut Beginning with the
Chiremoya, the pineapple, the orange, and the va
ra, they cast their fragrance aroaad, he passes
through, rs he ascends groves Of the olive and the
vine, the peach and the pear, until finally, having
completed the vegetable notation ia the order OF
production through the torrid ard temperate zones
he reaches the frgd and with It's cap of snow be
finds the summit crowned with the mosses and tho
Gchens Of the polar regions.
About one. half Of Bolivia is in the valley Of the
Amazon one. fourth Ia the valley OF the La Plata !;
and the rest which ia not oesert mountain, is in
tho valley OF Lake Titicacs, toat inland basin in
which the Incas and civilization of Peru had their
origin.
win in my next speak Of Bolivia and her Ana,
z0pian water bed.