Richmond enquirer. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1815-1867, 1852-07-05
DECLARATION OF
NERTCAN INDEPEND DE NC E.
N CONGRESS. JULY 4, I77e.

N be course OF human events becomes for on.
"a dissolve the political bands which have connected them
and 10 assume. among the powers OF the
eoa station which the laws Of Nature and Of Natures
~ ,hen decent respect the opinions Of mankind
;hev should declare the which mpel them to the
.a:Ioa.
,hese truths be reli.evden,-ha all created
m thew are endowed By their Creator with certain unaen.
ha: among these e liberty and the pursuit of hap
these rights are instituted among
,r Just powers from the consent OF The governed
heurer any form Of becomes destructive OF
;s ne right of the people alter abolish it, and in.
,yerrmtn, laying its foundation such principles, and
., ooYr.s such form them shall most likely
49, se, sa.s,y and happiness Prudence, indeed will dictate
long established should be changed for light
r, tauscs-aud, accordingly all experience hath shown
axe moro disposed 10 suffer- while evils suferable
by abclishng the forms which they
Bu; when long train Of abuses and usurpations pursu
The same object, design reduce them under
- ,,;os, their right it their duty throw Off such
provide new guards for their future security Such
al: slerance OF these Colonies and such is the
h constants them alter their former Of 60.
asai
ry 81 he present King of Great Britain is history
,.. and usupaons, all having, in dec, object, the
.hr1 VI an absolute tyranny these States. To prove
:, ~. j. submitted 20 j candid world
a laws the wholesome and necessary
e yr.qG: good:
e r den his Governors 10 pass laws OF immediate and
l importance. unless suspended their operation I'LL his
- Dc oOancd and wen 50 suspended he has utterly
+. Il a:eai them:
70 pas. o;heI laws Tor tho accommodation Of large
~ d people unless those people would rcnqulsh The right Of
The legislatures right Inesiimable 10 them, and
r. w called together legislative bodies places unusual uncom.
distant irom;e repository OF their public records for tho
Impose ateuas them into compliance with his measures
s>oyel house repeatedly for opposing with
.:laasss his mvasions on the rights Of the people:
rs escedwhereby the legislative powers, incapable of
have returned TO the people at large for their exsrcisehc
remaining The tme exposed all the danger OF inva
ron without and nvusuns from within:
leavoreJ prevent the population OF these Saes-for
sglsc obs.ucg laws naturalization OF foreigners,
pass others their migration hhe and raising
s.!.!0as OF new appropriations OF lands:
o1ruced the administration OF Justice BY refusing his
~ aSS for establishing judiciary powers:
made Judges dePendan, his will alone Tor the tenure OF
yc!:ss, and the amount and payment OF their salaries:
erected multitude OF offices, and sent hher swars
%=s iarass people and eat their substance:
among US in times OF peace standing armies. wihoulhs
Affected 10 render The military independent Of and superior
caolned with others subject jurisdiction foreign
Constitution and unacknowedse by laws-gving his
, arts o; pretended legislation:
glaeIl: large bodies OF armed troops among
;-.scaAc them BY mock rai. from punishment for
hey should commit The inhabitants OF these States:
cll!.- III our trade with all paris OF the world
F.:!a,ps..: :aAes US wthou; consent:
?'.s u.s. N many cases, OF the benet, OF trial by jury
transporting beyond be ,ried Tor pretended offences
aonc the Tree system OF English laws neighboring
ahsliag therein arbitrary government, and enlag
2saes rs 10 enieri at once an example and nj lnsru
Inducing The absolute rule mo these colonies
lsis charters abolIshnC valuable laws
fundamentally the powers OF our governments
,endinr esi.latures and declaring themselves
. sal TO egsae for IN all cases whatsoever:
ab!!caeG government here By declaring OF his Pro-
al ~dsng war against
gaaer rdged burnt towns and
i 5s.t ne lives Of our people:
Transporting large armies OF foreign mercenRues
The works DEATH desolaon and tyranny, already begun
OF cruelty and perhdy scarcely parn!eled In the
As constrained fellow taken ptive the high
bear their country 10 become the eXecuoners OF
sis and brethren, fall themselves by their hands
eYc:rt tunesc Instructions amongst US, and has endea
The inhabitants OF our frontiers he merciess In
known rule OF warfare undis,ingushed de-
oI all a-cs. and conditions.
stage OF these expressions have peoncd for redress
rue repeated petitions have been answered
Repeated Injury.
,yran,, unfit 10 be The ruler Of a free people 80
in attention TO our British brethren We
;.red -n faitempts made by their Legs.
an unwarraR;abe jurisdiction over u.s. We have re.
them of circumstances emigration and settlement
We appealed their naive justice and magnanmy
cjgrcd them. by the ties OF our common Klndrco 70
these usroa;ions which would inevitably interrupt our con-
and They have been deaf 10 The voice
and cousanguiny We must therefore, acqucsce IN
s,y which separation. and hold them as we
est, OF n4nsnd--enemes in war-n peace, friends
therefore, The Representatives oil the United States OF america
Congress assembled appealing the Supreme Judge OF
M he reciitude do In the name, and by
y good people these Colonies soemny publish anu
united Colonies and OF right ought be- FREE
IMPLEMENT SrArEs-that they are aoolreo from an ale
Rish Crown aud that all political connection between
an 81 Of Great hr,ian Is aud ought 10 pc t"ta dis
has az and independent States they have fun power
rngcul. peace alliances, establish commerce.
CHER and things which independent states may OF
AL :or til" support Of this Declaration, WIN hm re-
NJ r.,:econof Divine Providence, mutually pledge 10
JOHN HANCOCK, President