Daily American telegraph., 1852-08-16

i
designated on the maps Then proceeding
northwardly, regard to the safety of the
whaleman demands that the islands between
the coasts of China and Japan, and from them
to the Loo Choo islands and so on to the Rus
sian possessions, and along them eastwardly to
Bhering Straits, should be surveyed The last
attempt to perform that duty was made by a
small Russian feet, which was captured and
destroyed while its officers and crew were inn
prisoned by the Japanese. Lastly, as we ad-
vance eastwardly in the very track pursued by
our whalers and China men, we encounter
islands, and many shoals imperfectly defined,
and especially the Bonin islands; while pru.
dence requires O careful reconnaissance also of
the Fox islands, which, although lying some
what northwardly Of the passage, might il well
known, afford shelter in case of inclement
weather This reconnaissance in temperate
latitude is demanded by the merchants, under
writer's, and navgators in all our Atlantic as
well as in our two principal Pacific ports, and
the argument for it rests on the same founda-
ton with that which supports the proposition
for the more northwardly exploration. Your
mails and passengers of a certain class will be
carried between San Francisco and Shanghai
in steamships. Nevertheless without SUCH
survey as this bill proposes, you cannot estab.
lish coaling station on the way, although the
voyage exceeds seven thousand miles viii
you leave this survey and its benefits to Eng
land!
Sir, have you looked recently at the China
trade? 1t reaches already seven millions in
value annually Have you watched the Cali.
fornia trade? It's export of bullion alone al
ready exceeds fifty millions Of dollars annu-
ally, and as yet the mineral development Of
that State has only begun. The settlement of
the Pacific coast is in a state of sheer infancy.
There is, speaking relatively, neither capital
nor labor there adequate to exhibit the forces
Of industry that might be employed in that
wonderful region. Nor is California yet conve-
nicntly accessible The railway across Panama
is not yet completed. The passage through
Nicaragua is not perfect; that which leads
through Tehuantepec 10 not begun nor have
we yet extended, even so far aS to the Missis.
sippi the Most important and necessary one of
them all, the railroad across our own country
to San Francisco. The emigrant to tho At
lantic coast arrives speedily aud cheaply from
whatever quarter Of the world while he who
would seek the Pacific shore encounters char
ges and delays which few can sustain. Never
theless, the commercial, sociaI, political move
ments of the world are now in the direction of
California. Separated as it is from US by for
eigp lands, or more impossible mountains, we
are establishing there custom-houss, a mint
o dry dock Indian agencies and ordinary and
extraordinary tribunals OF justice. Without
waiting for perfect or safe channels, n strong
and steady stream Of emigration flows thither
from every State and every district eastward
OF the Rocky Mountains Similar torrents Of
emigration arc pouring into California and
f Australia from the South American States
8 from Europe, and from Asia. This movement
is not q sudden, or accidental or irregular, or
convuisive one but il is ono for which men
and Nature have been preparing through near
four hundred years nurinG all that time mer-
chants and princes have been seeking how they
could reach choaply and cxpeditiously Ca
thay,p China .'the East that intercourse
and commerce might DC established between
its ancient nations and the newer ones Of the
West To these objects Da Cana Columbus,
Americus, Cabot, Hudson, and other naviga.
tors, devoted their talents their labors, and
their lives. Even the discovery Of this CONT.
nent and its islands, and the organization of
society and government upon them, grand and
important as these events have been, were but
conditional, preliminary and ancillary to the
more sublime result now in the act of consum-
mation--the reunion Of the two civilizations,
which, having parted on the plains Of Asia four
thousand years ago, and having travelled ever
afterwards in opposite directions around the
world, now meet again on the coasts and islands
Of the Pacific ocean. Certainly, no mere hu.
man event Of equal dignity and Importance has
ever occurred upon tho earth. IL will be fol
lowed by the equalization of the condition Of
society and the restoration Of the unity Of the
human family. We see plainly enough why
this event could not have come before, and why
it has come now certain amount Of human
freedom, a certain amount Of human rtelli.
gence, certain extent Of human control over
the physical obstacles to such reunion, were
necessary. All the conditions have happened
and concurred. Liberty has developed under
improved forms Of government, and science
has subjected Nature in Western Europe and in
America Navigation, improved by steam, en-.
ables men to outstrip the winds, and intelligence
conveyed By electricity excels in velocity the
light With these favoring circumstances there
has come also sudden abundance of gold,
that largely relieves labor from its long SUBJ
lection TO realized capital. Sir, this movement
is no delusion. II will no more stop than the
emigration from Europe to our own Atlantic
shores has stopped, or can stop, while labor is
worth there twenty cents and here fifty cents
o day. Emigration from China cannot stop
while labor is worth in California five dollars
a day, and in the West Indies ten dollars q
month, and yet is worth in China only FIVE dol
lars for that period. Accordingly, We have
seen sixty-seveu ships filled, in three months o
the present year. with $1,000 emigrants in the
ports of Hong Kong Macao, and Whampoa
and afterwards discharge them on the shores
Of California, and of Cuba and other islands Of
the West Indies
SIR, have you considered the basis OF this
movement, that this continent and Australia
arc capable Of sustaining and need for their de-
velopmcut, five hundred millions, while their
population is confined to Fifty millions, and yet
J that Asia has two hundred millions Of excess