The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1852-09-03

that Victoria has been convict colony to the
extent Of New South Wales and at this time there are
Lot Ave hundred bound convicts in the colony, and
since lS3 have been sent to any part Of Austria
lia They are now sent to Norfolk Island and Van
Demans Land To the vast agricultural resources Of
Victoria and New South Wales, We have gov to
give the most astounding accounts Of gold dscovc-
ries ever made on the habitable globe. They COM
pletely throw into the shade all the mines of Peru
Mexico, or California So extensive are the gold
deposits distributed in Victoria that the very streets
of Melbourne are found, in manner, to be paved
with them. The broken quartz rock which have
been used to MacAdamse the streets found to
contain gold--thus realizing n sort OF New Jerusa-
lum, the streets of which are paved with gold.
While Melbourne is thus blessed, mines of immense
value have been opened at Mount Balaret and Mount
Alexander, about eighty to one HUNDRED miles north
Of the city. The treasure taken from these two de-
posts alone from the LIST of December, 1851 to the
lst Of April, 1852, amounted to about IS, 900.
Its deposits also discovered in range Of monn-
taps in the same colony, ealedthe Pyrenees, Mount
Macedon, and Mount Cole.
The first discovery Of gold was made near Ia,
thurst, in New South Wales, on the I'D Nay, 1891,
from $50 to lGi miles west of Sidney. The localities
first worked were ut Summerville Creek, Abercron-
bic river, from whence further discoveries have been
made over vast mount ain region of country, many
Of The localities being known as Bupgonia, Shoal
Haven diggngs, Wentworth dggngs 0phir,
Braidwood, Majors creek, Hanging Rock, SC; ore
Of the most prolific being Braidwood From May to
the 9Th September the shipments reached $750,000
and on the Sth November about 81 100000. Lumps
were occasionally found weighing from twenty to
twenty seven pounds. Az early period, DR. Kerr
found one lump which weighed one hundred pounds
IL December, 1851, the parties at the diggipgs in
Victoria we're estimated at from eight to ten thoa-
sand, and near Bathurst, at four thousand. The
whole amount sent to England sioce the discovery,
only year ago, amounts to t,centy millions Of da-
lars already.
The gold region already discovered in Australia
promises to yield double and triple the quantity Of
gold, by the same number of aborers, over that OBJ
tanned in California.
The extent Of the gold fields in Victoria, or
New South Wales, exceeds that Of California
Hence they already possess two CALIFORNIA; in Aus
traa; and are likely to ind two three more, for
the mountain chain in which they found runs q
distance over from 1000 to 500 miles, with various
spurs and ofishoots at right angles to the main
chain. The gold fields il is likely, are spread over
not less than Is 70 10000 square miles SEEING thai
the area Of the whole island is about three millions
square miles The whoe population OF ths isl5nd
in 1851 did not exceed 100000. II viii, however.
soon contain several millions.
The English government have organized a system
for the working Of the mines and small tribute is
exacted from The earnings Of the diggers, who must
procure licenses to dig. Commissioners station
cd in the dgg;ngs to regulate mltters, and whose
duty it is to prohibit the establishment of al greg
shops and gambling houses.
They burn down grog shops wherever they can
lind them Three grog shops were burnt in the
dirgings last winter, in Victoria. Here we have a
Maine Liquor law in full force. But the Austria
ians will soon borrow more from us than teeteta
laws. The principle of republicanism has taken root
in the country. The emigrants from Europe, and
those from California, win give force and Vigor
to that idea that believe the day is not far dis
when America will have tho pleasure o. mailing
Australia the latest born, and next to herself the
| greatest Of republics In the meantime there viii
be no mob law-no trials and hsngipgs by TIE Code
| Lynch. The judicial authorities will be sustained
| by the strong arm Of both the naval and military
pvuvr. tnIs Inuse loving security OF life anc
property may feel satisfied, while the lawlass will
be governed or hanged.
| What is to be the end Of all this? What are to
be the results to the world Of this limitable supply
| Of the precious metal! When California, IN foul
years, produced two hundred millions of dollars
what will be the effect Of its continued yield, wher
that Of Australia, with three times the extent o.
gold fields, will be added to it Z 1t must inevitably
reyolutionize the social condition Of the civilized
world, and produce the grandest and most mo.
mentous consequences, all that appertans to the
trade and commerce of Europe and America, that
have taken place since the first discovery of thi;
continent by the Genoese navigator.
SEWARD AND THE FUGITIVE LAw-TEE LAST
DODGE OF THE ARTFUL DopGER.-Some days ago,
the Committee on Finance, of the Senate, re-
ported the following amendment to the General p.
preparation bill =
And be it further enacted That when the ministerial
officers Of the United States have shall incur extraor
binary expenses in executing the laws thereof the pay
mept of which is not specially provided for tho Pre
dent Of the United States is authorized to allow the pay
ment thereof under the special taxation Of the district
in which the said services have been shall be render
edto be paid from the Appropriation for Dera the
, Expenses Of the Judiciary
allowance shall be made for expenses under the OF
September 1850 known the Fugitive Slave act which
act Is hereby repealed"
three hours long, rousing the Senate to high state
of excitement-just that sort of excitement on the
slavery question which the willy and slippery cham
pion Of the agitators delights in Sumner was vigor-
ously attacked-the debate was kept up against
him all day; and yet W. Fl. Seward was in the
Senate chamber, and kept his mouth tight shut
or he was out Of the Senate chamber, for the pur-
pose of avoiding the responsibility and the danger
Of standing by his friend and his principles. But
worse yet, when the vote was taken on Summers
proviso, the great champion of the repeal of the
fugitive act still was est. There was some ex-
euse for declining to speak, for the time Of the So
nate was beginning to be precious; but there was
no excuse, but the excuse Of cowardce, in lodging
the vote. We find that on the question-shall the
fugitive law be repealed-there were veas navs