The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1852-01-01
: 8 months ending June 80.
The Marshals of France.

The last Of the eighteen marshals created by Napoleon
on the 10th Of May 1904 day after the
of the Empre-is dead Wegive the order in which died
the knights of the modern Charlemagne -
Lannes Duke of Montebello was killed in 1909.
Bessieres Duke Of Istria, killed in 1913.
Berthier Prince Of Wagram and Duke of Neufchatel
died in 1915.
Count Bruno was at Aviguon in August
Mura Grand Duke of Berg afterwards King Of Naples
was shot In October, 1916
Ney, Prince Of Moskowa and Duke of Elchingen, was
Augereau. Duke Of Castieone. died in 1916. -.
Massena Prince of Essling and Duke Of Rivol died in
Marquis de Perignon, died in 1919
Count Ser1urier, died in 1919
Kelermann, Duke Of Valmy, died the 18th OF Sep
Lesbvrs, Duke of Dantzick, died the l4th of Sep
tember 1920 ~~~
Dsvoust, Prince of Eckmuhl and Duke ofAuerstasdt,
Count Jourdan died in 1888
Morti.r, Duke Of Trevise, was killed by Fieschi in
1886.
Money, Duke of Conegliano, died in 1872
BeIEadote Prince Of Pone Corvo afterwards King Of
soult, Duke of d almatia, died in 1851.
Marshal Sout created in l847 general marshal Of
France. dignity which be compared with that Of
marshal and of the camps and armies Of king
excessively conceded during the reign of the ancient
monarchy to Turenne Villars, and Marshal de SAKE.
Marshal Soult has been marshal OF France for fery-
seven years and half There Is in the history Of
France but one other example OF long possession Of
such an eminent digntyit is that Of Henry, Duke Of
Montmerency created marshal by Charles TX, in 1885,
constable Henry w. ia 1893 and who died under the
reign of Louis Mil in 1914
Two other marshals had been in possession Of that
dignity during forty years. They were:-
Anne de Montmorency, father OF the above named,
who created marshal in 1922 constable in 1885,
was killed at the battle of st Denis. in 1867.
Francois Anniba Duke of Estre brother OF the beau
tfu Gabrielle who created marshal 1926 and died
By the death Of Marshal sou tho title Of senior mar
shall belongs by priority to Marshal Marmont, Duke
Of Raguse promoted to that dignity in 1909, with
perial armies has for long time resided in foreign
land and all the marshss created by Louis XVIII and
Charles n being dead the Count Gerard the first
shall named by Louis Philippe in 1880 is entitled that
dignity.
European Corn Trade for I54 Years.
Mr. Brown, one of the secretaries of the Stats
tical Society, has published at once the most
pendious, comprehensive, and accurate view Of the
corn trade of this country which we have ever
The quantities Of wheat and wheat -four imported
and exported the price, the duty, and tho titles of
acts Of Parliament uatDg the duty given for
l5i years on single folio page, in excellent readable
print, and with lucid arrangement. Mr.. Browns
tabular view is calculated to suggest many inter-
esting and instructive differences, and we shall sub.
NIT few. For the first ~ years, or from 1867, in
the reign Of William Ill, We imported neither
foreign nor colonial corn, but We exported corn,
and in some years to the amount Of above 100000
quarters. In the four years of the seventeenth
century, the average price is about OBS, which is
about los quarter, more than the four, years of
our free trade, or lis, including the duty now
charged. In so far, then, as bread corn is con.
cerned, our people are at present better off than
they were 100 years ago, in the good old times Of
William OF Orange The most remarkable fea-
ture of the early years of the table, reckoning
from the commencement Of the eighteenth century,
is the extraordinary fuctuation OF prs es. In l706
and 1907 we have corn at 23s. 81 and 26s Id, aud
in 1909 and ITO at us. lid and lis Cd. In l725
we have it at nearly sos and in 1892 We have 1t at
2s. Id, and in l7i0 it is lbs. ID. In Short in
year there glut, and in another, not far from
It, something very like famine. This miserable
state Of things evidently from want of capital,
want Of agricultural Skill want of cheap means OF
conveyance, ard reliance on the broken reed of
native resources Ia every one Of the years Of
scarcity in question we were considerable ex-
poIters, by the help or bounties which existed
from the revolution, and which enhanced the
cost to the consumer, without having the slight
est effect in producing steadness of supply. From
1157, about the era of the commencem ent of the
cotton NJ an uiacture and consequent rapid increase
of population, we began to import largely; and i'm
porting and consuming more than we exported.
England became virtually an importing country,
the export being Fictitious. From 1751 to 1898
prices, with agricultural improvement, became
more steady and ranged only between sos and52s
Foreign corn, for the protection OF landlord rent,
being all the while subject to duty when wheat
was under certain price. The object aimed at
to allow the price to fall below SIS, thereabouts
for, when under this, the duty levied on the
foreign article ranged, as Mr.. Brown has shown,
from Us to 25s. q quarter. Thanks to Peel,
husseIl. anu Tree udNe, we nave our Dreau COru
at this moment, with more than double the mouths
to feed, by lis. quarter below this long che
rished landlord standard In the third year Of the
war Of the French revolution, the price Of wheat
rose to 15s, and in the fourth to 7Ss In l795 and
l199, with war and deprecated currency, it rose
to ll3s and Il9s ; and with tho same bad allies in
1872 it rose to 126s-that is, to between three and
four times its present cost, and about $50 per cent
higher than it was in the years Of famine 1889 and
l140-the last of which was emphatically called by
the Scots "tbe black" or direfu spring From
the year 1923, downwards to the entire exploding
Of the system in 1913, direct tax on bread has
contributed to the public treasury. In 1912, this
it has yielded to it, as we find by MIR. Browns
table, ca Gel 100 II is quite certain, then, that
the whole affair, bountes, duties and sliding SCALE
from the first days Of King William to the last days
OF honer. teei' mas neen ylr' t sWlnale on
under the strange Authorization that they were
honest men, and even patriots IN sort Of breeehsy