Richmond enquirer. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1815-1867, 1852-10-05


n,n the fist crop. an. itt c'uno mas hence ial
boar the !c7!caci o! b"n2 ~ c"a;esccat manure. For
single cT". ~ wheat many experiments o. SHOW tha
auru 2u0 lbs u The is the most economical application
lie: uad This. he Increased pruuc not IN proportion
ID: increase: quantity oil gu"no. Corn, bcnc
scnons c:drr will rrnsnic IN 3uU $50 lbs
and pei hnps Few farmers have exceeded 200 lbs 10
S'fH apple "r while many have been cnntened 1" rs
uny loo or l5G and sometimes litte Is. In all lhes
"'ilna ar but very lltl possibly remain for III
! benefit ct another crop.
! r.; permanent Improvement tie quantity for wEea
shon!d not br less than 500 lbs. The ac, which viii b
suiricnt produce tv largest yield %; grain which III
land Il Capable, leaving enough i'll combination wits the
10 produce good crop Of ciover-or in any stem Of i'm
pruvrncnt clover s Indispensable success any thin
like extended scale Ohe green crops there are az p
instancc the pea vi which | -hai! pteseay speak bur
wherever the sJli can b. iade grow clover Ju;cou
imer "ii be willing To neglect its culture With the
uf iuxrinnt toerubc crops this piatwhich
nearly all the county tctwcen lewaer and The mountains
may Dc mace sun more Nrlantb by the use OF aSer-t'
may hc said II be able control improvement
MS aGd a&rn Is o&recn crop which restores so large at
auuEnl al nn:l!mrn - the soil iuf the benefit If future
crops al gram. IL not only d:rec: amroraes Tie chi
tna o ic sJ while ..owing, By rr acri0n Of H.. roots
upon the organic constituents but Inappropriate Ia s
ri2e G lie irl'Zing properties atn.us pitIe
h "hoc hns becomes available for the subsequent require
iir,,s o! vegetation.
But whoever would undertake the improvement Of poor
land maze up his mind 10 pursue rigid and ys!cuIt-
curse, with single eye, for several least the
attainment Of tha otect. And now. in orter illustrate
my views fully will suppose which win some
modification, will apply 10 every owner Of impoverished
lan'is.
We will suppose then, The of farmer, who has 800
o cleared land which he is barely able make
cn;i!ofa! lr isn. for his family part Of il has probably
exhausted and s growing in pines and
sedar aG"rr portion sui yields crops hut hardly
enough tupay lor cultivation while the remainder bring
recently redeemed from the forest other pOrinns
turned ONT is still capable making pretty
fIr return. The OF this land mas prubl,y labor
enough cultivate it, that he only needs small field
capital enable hin procure the OF mprn. crnrn
n either capital or edit is necessary in farming
well any other business In this case some SbOO Is per-
hap. suicent and il he cannot readily command it in any
way he should sell some OF his land or Other property
10 ,ccirc tia amount When Obtained il bc de-
voted this specific purpose. Win $500 may purchase,
by long ton vi guanO, which viii manure IS
ii lbs To the The capital ~jll be
replaced ~ the sale O the crop ot wheat 10 bcaghiG invest
IN uuanu; until the end Of four five
years if hc only operate on 6O acrts ycarhc will
gone his whole suIce o. 800 acres reapng prob
ably every fully 20 bushels ol wheat per urre, and
frequently THIS Year have known from = Ia oU
busicls rcaprd from land OF ordinary quality which had
application of 200 los. of guar0. During this routine The
farmer must content himself TO sugg; along If circum
require H. and practice his former habits u economy
H. may however reasonably expect ~ derive some inhc
benefit This course and above what the land
vn:d produce itself Ii is safe estimate, wlh
another land capable Of producing from five to
bushels u wheat surplus product n SIX bushels NAV b:
obtained from every 100 lbs oi gnano, and hall that quan
" for tld hundred when 3OU los applied Id the
acre VITA, would be- The result on land Incapable vi making
effort pi itself have means o determining, hut The
pruuc Just specified will be sufficient replace The capital
cxprn+ of culture. Al the expiration ul The third year
ucpvrr, INC first field will into cultivation again
Under this system the most eligible rotation will be- wheat
clover corn The clover should always be followed 10y cOr
b. wheat; and ii The farmer Keeps his capital
intact lie may pursue lns Tor any number OF ota
lions until the fertility of his land is permanently secured
Now this system involves great expense IN s Prose
tulin ana has hc.u successful in practice numerous
Instances might be aduccd 10 prove But IL may be Oh
ICccd results only be realized when the sea
sons are prcptors; that in climate the clover requen
fails and that wheat al best is but pecnrious crop In
regard clover! the objection Is certainly not without
force Even in land adapted 10 It's growth, 4 continued
srnuuht in July-and July is generally dry months Of
TN ata 10 H. especially after heavy crop 81 wheat has
seen removed Bat this may be partly and indeed generally
Guarded against by sowing the seed al the proper time and
in sufficient quantity. 1t should always be sowcd in Jnnu-
ary ~ the month the frost is out OF tie ground,
and lss than from four TO six quarts per acre AZ that
riicullr the surlace is covered win nnumcrabc
sra cracks the effect U the rost whc receive the seed
and the first shower Of rain them They are ready
ia yrrt.tc a soon il warmth in IN" earth, ard
are able strike deep root By m!SrinIr II THIS period
suffered pass unmpruvr, and SIMILAR one docs mol
rrcu-und very seldom rccurs-thc seeds though they
ray ard generally DO come mp well cnunh emiia 50 nta
surface that The young plants take oni swallow root and
arc consequently liable 10 be inIurluusy affected BY
drought Thus that in fields on which there has
been clover faow and the soil therefore full OF Seeds the
volunteer clover seldom fails though the crop from
she seed cd may perish II then he farmer, under th
system recommended, succeeds in getting in FIRST GOOD
rnp and ,urs not permit his stock OIL he may
he ever alter u! having pretty good stand IN Tie most
rrynr seasons though The seed should TAIL As in every
hc the risk oi allHre; an!
srrpv n prlctCoi would carry his "bec0as 80 lar a
10 civ 10 sew tie seed there might be possible loss
r( the crop.
t. ,rInn to the clover and aux ary il, the pea is a
gre. crop very arva!ue. There are several varieties
nuongst winch the Co~ and Tory pea furnish great
AMOUNT Like the clover u which il il nearly al
i for they both rgunnous plants and belong 10 The
natural Classification not only supplies 10 the sil
large quantity uf vegetable matter OF quality admirably
adapted the Of the wheat crop, but may be con.
vrrtct into Il highly nutritious p!ovcnder quite valuable
hay
may he -uwcd 10 advantage. II the vines are very 'S
rlanI they may taken off the land without any diSad
vantage, s leaving vegetable matter enough in the stnb'
md The requirements OF The soil II less luxMii-
ant rhcv may be plnwed in nj any time before frost One
Of The ar- results have was iGom piece I" land OF
moderate fertility suwed 10 about the first "i Jniy WIN
hundred pounds OF guann the They made Inr
growth ana of early October yielding large
quantity OF fodder. The land was then iao"td wlt ah"-
,h"r dressing 200 lbs Of gnanu, and seeded TO wheat
which yirleI upwards Of IS bushels 10 the acre Onc ol
he advantages this mode vi treatment That he nHd Is
ril1w and breaks IN ne ofGrr-a condition naspehi
,v necessary the bert r-uit.. Too much vine would
4use the porous aud consequently nnsuled 10
i production Of wheat which is known 10 require Ger
Ia drgIrc ii CumphcncSs.
in rr1Iri Ia the Objection concerning he ~hcdt CROP
be denied that II has been exceedingly Precar"us
Tal tnr produce has been unusually b"unlu Or thc last
.wu years is be ascHbci IN ic cool dry sea
sons wnci ia fact bn dry or too cool 90 ina
tie Temperature not low enough TO induce frost lhe tw
great natural ncuieI which wheat has TO encounter are he
rust and The i, The former supevenes during The damp
and srrtv weather hich apt vai during the mon
latter is only destructive when there Is nor
.rrng,n enough the soil vigorous growth To me
crop Cilnn u course, will impar this Vgnr, ana there
lore the g do serious damage. IL Is also Protec'
ton against rust for acceleraies the rpenng o me
wheat b; full week; and THIS period embraces the most
critical stage u the cnp the effect at The Guano I"
.nticpuic ATTACK, render almost harmless Every
farmer has spreading Ike cloud over MS
f,l had Snrruwiu evidence o what day may o!ihS
,ah When been alm0s, ready To put the scythe
ia his crop has fall victim To the sudden a'a.
But IL is not Dy acccierdng me ma
turlty only that guano preventive by rs hclon
an the mineral ingredients OF the s" II enables the plant
dcp0slic that scnus coating on the stem which "Senpts
;run condition which induces 10 rust just hs healthy
man r.ssts ne attacks o! dsrs better than ebia
Strictly speaking, the rust IL nothing but fungus, ana IL
can therefore ELECT lndgment healthy plant! Inc
air filled with spouics seeds in dry season as wei
a. humid md when the stte o the weather Is .tch
as naturally interfere with the healthu functions o !t
u!an, falls ready and -sng victim 10 tine enemy
wise forecast then should sees aid nature against The
deteo effects climate by extending that particula
Kind which The exIgencies OF the case require
We have seen guano the eXgency In iwo.iot
manner Tst by fastening the maturity OF the cr0p-anc
next aiUrdng the nutrlmcn best adapted ~ iis "unts
In every aspect the matter then, have an induce
menI OF euanO. But something, ana perhaps
good deal depends perfect preparation OF NE ."i!-cr
which we'll kindred subjects 'issifr
add Il few remarks
Under anY SYSTEM of culture and for every variety 0
crops The preparation OF h- land is unqurstonaby OF .rea
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