The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1852-11-11

1T the disposal OF the proper tribunal.
publfS is tho supreme rssrt, oomposeS u Eve
Judges and their att,sutes ~ follows TO take
eogSissnce, on .sln occasions Of the accusations
tsriss also against the President and members OF
the 1Sard Of Advisers; decide in Salts or claims OF
rienipotentsries or foreign emissaries, when the
public night and the spirit Of existing treaties per-
mits, and also IN csses of accusations brought
against the diplomatic agents Of the republic. To
decide any controversies that may originate from
contracts made by the executive; to hear complaints
against the courts of Zoe, ainss any especial
member Of them. This court likewise proposes to
Congress the reforms which it may think convenient
tor the better Administration OF justice The men,
bers OF the Supreme Court responsible for treason
against the country, or for joining in it,
Neither the members Of the Supreme Court, or
other judges, can be suspended from their employs,
except through an accusation admitted legally I;
nor deposed, save for cause proved, and sentence
given.
The provincial Legislatures meet on the first Of
November Of each year in tho capitals Of the
Provinces; their sessions last thirty days, though
these bodies to watch over the exact fulflment Of
the laws, and denounce, with proofs,) before the
House of Representatives or the executive power,
| any infractions or abuses which the public en-
| ployess may commit; present to the governor Of
the province the list Of names from which he must
select the may Of cantons, and the employees of
the provincial fiscal department; divide among the
cantons Of the provinces the extraordinary contrbu.
tions which Congress may order to be raised, and
also assign to each canton its proportion for keeping
| up the army and navy to annually draw up the
budget Of expenses which they suppose the munich
| pal service will require.
The provincial legislatures can establish pro-
vincial imposts arrange their collection, and de-
termine the number and salary Of the employees;
raise loans on its funds, supervise the public pro-
perty in town or country, organize police, procure
the means for primary education for the people,
open roads and canals construct bridges found hos
pitfalls, erect eleemosynany or ornamental and use
ful establishments, grant exclusive privileges for
certain definite periods, erect new villages and
towns, alter the sites Of old ones, and favor mmgra
ton, and the colonization Of industrious foreigners.
The ordinances and resolutions of these bodies
ject to them within Eve days Unless he does they
| become municipal laws, as they do also when the
vote in their favor ia moro than two.thrds Of tho
number Of members, in which case the governors
| appreciation is not necessary to make it a law.
| Although Congress has the power Of disappearing
Of those acts OF the Legislatures. which may bs in
direct opposition to the express tenor of the laws,
its APPRECIATION is not necessary previous 70 obsdi.
decreed and sanctioned. But in those cases where
the execution Of provincial DEGREES would give rise
to contra 1ictions between chem and other legis-
latures, they are suspended until Congress decides
the question Thus the provincial legislatures are
subordinate to Congress, which has the power Of
annulling any of their acts.
The members Of the Legislatures enjoy the same
immunities as members OF Congress.
The civil jurisdiction Of the provinces is under the
charge Of the governors, who dependent on the
executive power of which they are the natural and
immediate agents The other public officers are sub
ject to them in all that appertains to ORDER internal
security, civil and economical government They
can conyoke extraordinary sessions Of the legis-
lature.
ton Of Venezuela. The following is condensed
resn1lr Of the system Of social organization, in
which the people have part:--
The people per- SC have only one act Of sovereignty,
and that is choosing electors These electors are the
ones who in their turn make the elections Elec-
tors are not nominated Unfortunately by all
classes but only by those citizens who are IN pos
session Of the requisite civil rights before alluded
to- The elections for electors are held in the chief
town in each parish, and for each 900 inhabitants
one slecor is chosen, and for any residue over 2O0
one more.
The requisites for an elector are that he shall be
in full enjoy ment of all the rights of citizen, be
over rs years Of age, know how to read and write.
have resided one year in amy parish of the canton,
be freeholder Of the value Of $500 per annum. or
exercise some calling that produces him 500 per
annum, or have salary Of 500. He is elected for
two years
On the LIST of October, every two years. the electors
assemble in the capitals of the provinces and vote
for President or Vice President Of the Republic ;
elect one half Of the number Of senators, represent
atives and provincial deputies these are elected for
four years.
The registers in which are inscribed tho votes Of
the electors for president and vice president sent
to Congress, which scrutinizes them If it happens
that none Of the candidates receive thirds Of the
whole number of votes, Congress concludes the
election, by selecting out Of the three who shall
have received the greatest number Of votes.
To be President or Vice President it is necessary
to be Venezuelan by birth, be more than thirty
years Of cge have resided in the country three years
in succes sion before the election, Qt being under
stood that absence on public service during that
time does not constitute an impediment,) be owner
of freehold producing $500 per annum, or exercise
some calling which produces 81 GOO, or enjoy
alsrv nfe 4
The President and Vice President remain in their
Office for four years; they are nomnatod at intervals
Of two years, and cannot he reflected for The tcrm
succeeding the one in which they bold office. The
holder Of executive power ceases lis functions on
the very day bis term legally expires, even IL from
sny accident the Congress which ought to declare
his SUCCESSOR according to the vote OF the electoral
assemblies shall not have assembled on that day.
i There are two senators to each province, without
reference to their number of inhabitants and the
same requisites those for President are required.
Every province must send at least one representa-.
tive to Congress. Those provinces which are more
thickly populated can send one for every twenty
thousand inhabitants, and another one for tbe resi-.
due, il over twelve thousand. The same requisites
essentially rs for senator,
4 AS regards the provincial deputies. one is sent
from each canton ia o province. There must be
teven deputies, however, SO If there arc less than
seven captons they stll must send seven,
Natp,alized citizens cannot i'll the Offices OF Pros
ident Vice President, members Of the Board of Ad-
j Woo, member OF the Supreme Court, or become
commandants Of arms
The constitution declares that all magistrates,
judges and other employee are agents OF the ma
ton and MS such responsible for their public con-
duct before the law The armed force is essentially
obedient, and never deliberate. Those who
give as well those who obey, orders, contrary TO
the institutions or Laws, are equally culpsble Any
civil suit in whatever stage it may DO. may be pa
ciGcally settled by arbitration. A Venezuelan
house is involable as also his letters and pri-
yate papers. Nobody can direct petitions to the
authorities in tho name of the people. Everybody
can petition in his own nsme. The right Of using
the press is free. No one can be judged, save by
law, anterior to his crime, and never by special
zuean can be obliged to deposc on oath in crimi-
nal cause against himself, against his immediate
relatives; nor can he be arrested without pre-
vious summary Of the case against him; and If by
the summary 1t appears that his reputed crime il