The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1852-11-20

Porto Rico, Canares, Philippine Islands, Marianas,
Carolnss, Fernando Pc Annabon and African
towns. The army and the navy are raised by con,
sc,ip,ion in the Peninsula every male>of twenty
being liable to be dra vn Soldiers serve six years
and seamen three. There are five different
institutions to educate men for the army, namely.
for artillery, engineering infantry. cavalry. and
staff The navy has greatly Increased in strength
snd importance within the last few years The.
number of ships Of the liEe footing is four
eight frigates, sixteen sloops, twelve brigs, and
thirty. six steamers from TO eight hundred
horse power The superb navy yards Of Cadiz,
keIrol, and Carthagena, are how Ia hne order; and
near Cadiz is located the naval school The mill
tary and naval schools are open 10 ell who pass
the examination required
The Home Department SURPRISES the council OF
State for the departments, the provincial councils
and government, The police post Office, the estab-
lishments for the poor, the prisons, and the .tee-
graphs. Each Of the forty nine provinces has local
Legislature elected by the people, and presided
by a Governor appointed BY the Grown. The NUM-
cipal Organization is national charac seristic Of
Spain and the Common Councils Of the various
towns as wei rs the Legislatures, are elected by
very general suffrage The Department Of Justice
and Public Instruction embraces besides the duties
of Attorney General Of tho government, the super
vision Of colleges, academies, schools, and also the
ecc esiasticsl affairs There is Supreme Court,
which holds its sittngs in Madrid District Go arts,
called Audlencics, and Judges Of Appeal. Trial by
jury extends only to the offences Of the press Since
the triumph of liberal principles in 1884 she church
1.-THE has been abolished, the numerous monasteries
Of the male suppressed, and their property
disposed Of by the government, which act, have
since be approved by the Pope The church sup
ported by the State. The salary of an Archbishop
is S. COO; that of 4 bishop 81 000 q year The law
eItailiDg property to the eldest son known in Eng
lard as the law Of primogeniture, abolished in
1887; but to obvia.e the Inconvenience of a sudden
inroad upon long established custom, the Law pro
vided that those of the present generation only,
should inherit one half of the property entailed
perfect 81 stem of public instruction mas been
introduced, which affords education to all classes
There are nine universities for philosophy, law,
medicine pharmacy, and theology, and seven
especial schools for civil engineering mining, arch
lecture, agriculture, sculpture and painting music
and the drama, ard veterinary. There are forty
normal schools for the education Of teachers, 40
institute high school in each province aud
nautical schools in the principal seaports The
primary schools have been So Increased as to mum.
Der at present over thirty thous sand, having nearly
two millions of pupils from population Of sixteen
millions in the Peninsula and Bafeares Islands
The system of education has been pronounced in q
GermanTeview to be hardly inferior to that of Pfus
sia. This department also has the supervision of the
national academies, archives, libraries, museums,
and the agricultural, economical, and proyidens
societies.
The Department of Finances includes taxes, i'm
ports, State property, and government monopolies.
sy stem Of duties has been introduced for the
purpose of equalization, in place of Anticipated
customs strong party exists in favor of a liberal
tariff and projected Improvements, which will es-
tablish the manufactures on firm basis, destroy
ing the contraband trade. Public attention is
turned to project for abrogating the government
monopoies on tobacco and salt. These reforms
have already improved the State income to such an
extent as to enable the government to meet the
payments Of the interests on the national debt
with as much punctualty as any other European
nation.
To the great increase of the Spanish merchant
marine, the Improvements made in manufactures,
and the immense mineral and agricultural re-
sources, we may refer upon some other occasion
! We will, however, state that in the single pro-
vince of Tara shero hundred and twenty
thousand workmen employed 10 the cotton industry,
which consume annually fourteen millions Of killo-
grammes of cotton; there are two thousand looms
in the wooen manufactures, and four thousand
jacquert in the silk There are BESIDES in that pro-
vince, two hundred and eighty paper mills three
hundred aud seventy five tanneries, extensive cork
works, of which article three hundred millions are
annually exported to France. Pins, and other me
tallic articles, are also manufactured
The Department of Commerce and Public Works
supervises, besides all that relates to commerce,
the building Of highways, canals, railroads, aud
lighthouses. Railroads, intersecting the country in
all directions in active progress of completion;
canals have been and are constructing, in appro.
pirate situations; and throughout her extensive
coast lighthouses have been erected on the most
improved plans. For the encouragement of rail-
roads, the government iIsures to the companies
six per cent interest the stock and one per cent
as sinking fund
The Spanish people have well nigh shaken off the
lethargy that long depressed their energies and
retarded their progress. The protracted period Of
intestinal feuds has given place to mschan al and
agricultural activity that promises soon to place
the country in favorable comparison with the most
advanced natiors Of Europe if her government will
only learn wisdom from the dear bought experience
Of the past, by avoiding future civil or foreign war.
We wish her well, because it was her enterprise
that led to the discovery Of the New World, on whose
soil her flag was once planted, and because we
feel sort Of reverence for her former greatness
Her ancient policy does not anti her nressnt non
dition, nor does it harmonic with the power Of
other nations, which have since outgrown her in
strength Her true policy therefore, for the future,
is to cultivate the arts Of peace. She has fulfilled
her mission on this continent, and her highest wis
dom would be to abandon Cuba OF once, leave it to
Its manifest destiny, and apply her attention to the