The republic. [volume] (Washington [D.C.]) 1849-1853, 1852-01-30

acters which they bear, without being amazed at
/ eloquent contradiction OF our preconceivcd no
| tons of indiscriminste despotism and universal
Insecurity OF the East. But while VIC observe the
acid iy NTH ichieA goods are sought-hs pre-
ference noo transferred from Indian to Nanehesfey
musiins, from Golconda 10 Glasgow chintsss, from
Damascus 10 Sheffield steel from Cashmere shatols 10
! Lngiish broadcIoM and while at the same time the
energies of their commercial spirit are brought thus
substantially before US, ii is indeed. impossible not
to regret that gulf Of separation should have so
long divided the East and the West, and equally
impossible not to indulge in the hope and antici
patton of vastly extended traffic with the East and
| of all The blessings which follow fast and yelling
in the wake Of commerce"
! How far these anticipations in regard to the
BLESSINGS" which were to well up in the wake
OF British free trade have been realized, we
shall have occasion to show, but will first call
attention TO the exceeding simplicity" of a
system of trade carried on between the travel
ling bagmen, permitted everywhere to inter
rene in the trade Of the empire, and between
whom and their customers there exists no other
relation than that of the itinerant shopkeeper
and his customer:
"The extreme smp licty of commerce, from the
absence OF all legislation the subject ia visible
| in the esta blishnent of the merchant; no books
save one OF common entry, are kept; credits are
gioen; no bills discounted; no bonds, not even re-
cepts; no fictitious capital is created; no risk, no
l'ss from bankruptcy to incur"
The Turkish system would seem to be ad-
nrably calculated for our hard-money Demo
Gratis. who prescribe bank-notes, were it not
that their advent 10 power in any State of the
mon is almost invariably followed by the Gre
alton of hosts of banks.
The probable effects of free trade in enabling
Great Britain to intervene between the pro-
dnceAand the consumers of Turkey, and COM
polling the whole people to restrict themselves
10 the cultivation of the land, are thus given:
"W may calculate, at no remote period. if in
deed political troubles arrested on supplying
the necsssaries tctH the Inquiries Of the .vhoIs
Of the eastern population, whose attention will thus
be directed srciusi,ely TO agriculture and the fur
nshins Of raU produce
The extent to which the system had already
operated is thus shown:
persia, which lately drew raw silk from Tur-
key for its manufactures, now has commenced to
import silk from England; and the current Of
precious metals, which fow years ago carried
yearly $4,000 900 to the East, is now drawn back
wards by the spinning mules and power -looms Of
England"
How trifling the sacrifice necessary for crush
lag the domestic manufacturers, and the vast
| extent to which Turkish labor could thus be
superseded are shown in the following pass
age:
"The manufacture of cotton is the principal in
dor occupation of the greater portion of the
East-of above sixty millions of men, who are APP
| plying their labor to manufacture the cotton and
wool and silk that clothes hem, while their fields lie
uncultivated. How important then, is II to
establish the fact that cottons are at a suii
Cisntly low price TO induce them to forego the
home manufacture! A Jsp pence diminuiion
Of price and charges IN a pound sterling may open
or close the door Of the market of village and for
the same reason of a quarter Of the globe, to
manufactures
In the following passage we have an exhibit
of the gradual progress of the system in intro
ducing British yarns, diminishing the export
trade, and destroying the value of Turkish
| labor:
"From 1927 to 1890 our exports have increased
| from { 5sl ,70i to El,l39,6l6; Of which, cottons
formed in the first year f464 S73, and in the last
Il 037 100; yet notwithstanding this rapidly in
! creasing importation of our wove cottons the do
mand for twist. To mix with homespun cotton yarn
| or silk, has increased as rapidly. The pro-
| fits Of the domestic manufacturer have been re-
duced 70 one. half and sometimes to one third by
the introduction of English cottons which, though
they have reduced the home price, and arressd the
export Of cotton yarn for T,pkey have NOT yet sup
plan ted this home man uiacture in any visible de-
gree for until tranquility has allowed agriculture
TO revive, the people, must 20 toorkirg merely for
tread and reducing thru price, in struggle of hope
less competition"
The natural tendency of the spindle and the
loom to take their places by the side Of the
plough and the hand, may be seen exhibiting
itself in the following extract, in which is also
shown the disastrous effect Of British inter
rentiOn:
1.-THE industry Of the women and children Ia most
remarkable; in every interval Of labor tending the
cattle carrying water, the spindle and the dstsfT,
tho days Of Xerxes, is out their hands
The children as assiduously at work, from the
moment that their little fingers can turn the spin
die. About Ambelakaa, the former focus of the
cotton yarn trade, The ptasantry has suffered dread
fully from, hS, tEnglish competiton,l though for
merly the women could much indoors
their husbands in the field; their daily profit 1881
docs not exceed twenty paras, flour cens.l ifrea-
ired, fer often they cannot dispose Of the yarn
when spun"
The reader Of the following Will be reminded
Of the now abandoned furnaces of Pennsylva
mia, rapidly passing through the hands Of the
sheriff:
Native manufactures for the former articles
[handkercbicis and imitation shawlsl have nearly
ceased to wors; Of Elk hundred looms for musns
at Scunri, that were busiy employed in 1912, forty
only remained in 1921. In 1912 there were two
thousand weaving establishments nj Tournovo; in
1890 there we're only two hundred"
Since the date Of the publication of this work
almost twenty years have elapsed, and with
each and every year British control over the
agricultural population of Turkey has increased
as their manufactures Of every kind have died
out; ADD what is now the condition of the peo-
Pile may be seen in the following passages.