The Ohio star. [volume] (Ravenna, Ohio) 1830-1854, 1852-09-30
lo.se,.,nior Of sumner,s Speesh.,

any such already exis ed lhIs narrative places the
views of the Convention beyond question.
Tins i;t rsgaring public records together with these
yr,ors ropositoDs, referred committee which
were Mr Raudoi h and Mr. Wilson, with John Rutledge of
sob Carolina as chairman After days, they re-
ported compact with poer in Congress prescribe
Zeasral laws me in which sucl records shall be
,rov5I ds,ussion aasusi in which Mr.. Randolp
1laaei definition of the powers OF the Govern
gt loose as to give opportunities of usurpng all
he state powers. He for going further than
epJt lcch enables tie glsGtlre TO roD1de the effect
I'm ts" The clause of compact with the power at
aehed was adopted, and part of Constitu-
on In presence this socude for the preservation of
te powersn even while considering proposition for an
power and also of the distinct statement of Mr.
Randolph he for going further than the
por t is evident could have
pact on fugitiycs from labor.
Al later day the clauses and articles severay
adopted time in Convention referred to
com ttee revision and arrangement that they might be
rss 10 form as coinee whole Here another change
ms u1fe The clause relating to the public records, with
the power attached taken from its original place at the
Of the clauses OF compact and promoted stand FIRST
in ina article as distinct section while the other clauses o
eon9aet concerning citizens tugitves IRON usce anu III
g.ves labor each and all without any power attached
by association compose but single section, thus:
"ARTICLE ".
ssEcr1oS Full faith and credit shall be given in each
State public acts records and judicial proceedings OF
every other State And Tie Congress may ty general tars
,res5e the manner 1ch such acts records and proceed
ings shall be Rrogsd, and the effect thereof = ..,os
SEcTION The citizens of each state shall be entitled
to all privileges and immunities of citizens in the several
States. ,,.,.-.- ...,. ...... ..,.n,.-o -
other crime, who shall fee from justice and be found IN
State SHALL on demand Of the Executive authority o.
he Stats from fed be delivered up be removed
co the State having jurisdiction of the crime
person held to service or labor in one state the
laws III reor escaping another SHALL in consequence OF
any law regulation therein be discharged from such ser
vice labor shall be delivered on claim of the party
10 whom such service or labor may be due.
SECTION New States may be admitted By the Congress
tais Unon but no new State shall be formed or
the ur sdicton oil any other nor any sae p
formed by the junction of TWO or more Staes or paris OF
States the of the Legislatures OF the STATES
concerned IS 1rel as Of the Congress
me Congress porer TO dispose of and make
all neednl rules and especng me ten or
in this Constitution shall construed prejudice
cas 81 ts The Tnd states sdG Sratee to every
State IN this Uuon republican form of Government and
shall protect of them against INVASION and on appca-
OF the legislature or OF the Executive (when the
fsa mot be eonveued) against domestic violence
Here whole article will be observed that the
third Immediately following the triad section of COM
pacts contains two specific powers one with regard TO new
States and the other with regard to the Pubic
These are naturally grouped ogeIher wne me ourLa s
tion OF this article, which is distinct ID us
placed by itself In the absence OF all specihc
reason aone cal deternlne why ths v,o ~
made. the conclusion is obvious, tha IN nc u
ts Committee and OF the Convention, each OF me-
dIsrs fo thc Others The hr contains aipons an f
grant power. The second contains ptosSos, al o'
in the Articles of Confederation.
from which unchanged or spirit they were borrow
oa, comnact Ife fourth is neither
pac. merely nor united but solemn injunction upon
The Natio GovsrDnent to perform an important duty
Tae frlners of Constitution wise and careful
en for what they did and who
fncororae their any superhuous provs
nor they without design adopt the peculiar arrange
ne e ross grlnt OF power they testified not only their de-
sire power in Congress but their convction that
express grant, it would not exist Bu II an ex-
press grant necessary this case it was equally neces
sary all other Erpessun fdeit cessGre ta7tm
in tue casa labor Ia absainDg from any
grant, ana then, in grouping the bare compact with
they significantly testified their purpose They
only ecne ali addition of any such power to the COM
h,t phpOS
assurance douby sure exclude any contrary conclusion
they puaetous arrange the clauses on the pr ncpe Of
r0s;tur us, distinguish all the grants OF power
especially make the grant OF power IN the case OF
public recors stand fork in the front by ITSELF severed from
the naked compacs with which was originally asso-
ciated.
Tnus the of the that the found
understood OF poTs ia certain cases. and
Consideration, joalousy granted them closing
example VIII str,nghen the argument Congress is ex
empowered establish uniform rule ot Natural
ziLo ald ua firm tars the subject OF bankruptcies
tir1u ioa the Gtt StLs" Without this provision these
two subjects would been within the cohrol of The
statos the oh having nopowerto 10 establish an UNIFORM
hsroupol Now instead OF the existing compact on
would been had such
desr5 pcvdc add this case to the clause on Natura
zaton and Binkrutce and TO empower 10 eaS
yagat the Uti States. TAen OF course, whenever
undertook exercise the power all State control
ta subj would been superseded. The National
Government would have been constituted like Nmrod the
Hunter wh mower 10 gather the hunt sng halloo
the pa and G.rect Chase of men, ranging at Will,
without regard boundaries or jurisdic ms, all
the States But no person in the not one OF ne
this proposition Had il been distinctly made, would
have been distinctly denied.
The the provision this subject was adopted
unanimously, while showing the little Importance attached
TO s shape finally assumed testes also that it
could been regarded Of National polrer
Slau.ry Il will be remembered, that among the mem
bers OF the Convention were eoverneur Morris who had
slavery p Ebridge Gerry who thought 'we ought to be
Who was OPPOSED any clause dging TO be
property = and Mr. Madison, who thought WRONG TO
n in the Constitution the idea that could be prop
Ii the these unequivOcdl statements
is absurd suppose that they consented unanimously TO
any provision by which Governments work
their hands, dedicated Freedom could be made the
most offensive instrument OF slavery.
Thus much o the evidence from the history of the Con-
ventiol. But the true principles of Political System are
in harmony with this conclusion OF history and here let
me say word of State Rights
was the purpose OF our fathers to create National Gov
and to endow it with adequate powers They had
known the per Is of mbecty discord and confusion dr.
lug the uncertain Gays Consideration, and desired
Government which should be true bond Union anu ah
efficient organ of the national interests at home anu aoou @
But whe ashioning this agency tney Ley recogllSu t
high poyvcr essential the national interests but specific
in character and limited in numrer To the States ana 70
he people reserved the powers general in character
unlimited in number not delegated to the Nation or pro-
hibited to the States.
ony tue operations of the Nation and of the States
While the Nation within wide orbit is supreme the States
with equal supremacy in their own But from the
necessity OF he case the supremacy of each in its proper
place excludes other The Nation cannot exercise rights
powers of Nation Any such action either side is
usurpaon These principles were distinctly declared BY
wlic, mu find acceptance from all parties:
hal the several States composing the United States of
America united the principle OF unlimited SUD-
the General Governments but that by compact un
der the style and title of the Consit ton OF the United
and of the amenments thereto, they constituted
for special purposes delegated to that
oUeraent definite poterS, reservIng each State TO
ITSELF the rsdEary mass OF right to- their own self-govern-
ment and that Tsoeuer the General Government as s1es
p0Vers acts unauthorized, Uoid and Of
for;c."
But have already amply shown to-day that Slavery is in
respect naoqaihat it is not within the sphere of
tiona activy-that it has positive support in the Con-
stiuon d thut Interpretation with
this principle would abhorrent the sentiments of
founders Slavery is local institution peculiar TO The
States under the guardianship of State Rights II is pos
sibe without violence to the spirit and to the letter OF the
ConSGton attribute tc Congress power to legislae,
Nom rCetio1 is the rule prescribed to the Nation Re-
gardng the question on5 its general aspects and
putting aside for the T0ieut the perfect evidence from the
records The Convento it is papabe that there is no
fountain which the existing Slave Act can be de-
rived.
But this Act is only unwarrantable assumption OF
by the Non also intraction OF rights
served the States Everywhere within their borders the
the peculiar guardians of PERSONAL liberty By Ju
~ and HIbeas Corpus to the citizen harmless
all assault is among their duties and rights. To his
State the citizen when oppressed appeal should he
find that appeal denied But this act despoils him of his
rights and despos his State Of all power protect him 1t
subecs him the wretched chances of false oahs forged
papers, and acs commissioners and takes from him
safeguard Now the stakeholder has right be
home the enjoyment of SdUerY also the freeman
freemanan equal to be at home in the
men OF Freedom. The principle of State Rights by
which Slavery protected in the Slave States throws its i'm
penetrabe shield Freedo the Free States And here
let say the only security for Slavery in the Slave States
Freedom in the Free States In the present fatal
throw Of State Rights you teach lesson which may