The southern press. [volume] (Washington [D.C.]) 1850-1852, 1852-01-26

every i2wf4ify Recognised ooojeo1Asticd md n.
ll2ious scciety. 10 tie sajoym~na Of TIE right Of
public worship ~ nell - In ~ administration
OF its interior affair; and further, in the uumo.
lestedpossessions ofits institutions for carrying
out worship. instruction, aud benevolence, ii.
ways supposing them to BE- comfortable 70 the
laws OF the empire.
Given, &C., at Vienna. Dec 81, 1851. .
The sutjoined document 10 an appendix al
ganic Laws 10 TO be framed. Il Will - eheervel
that trial by jury is utterly abolished.
FUNDAMENTAL Principles or THE FUTURE on.
GAsic INSTITUTIONS OF THE AUsrRIAs EMPIRE.
The territories united, whether under ancient
historical. or modern titles, with ths Austrian
imperial States form the inseparable elements oil
the Austrian imperial hereditary monarchy.
The phrase crown-Iands" ahall be EMPLOYED
in official documents only ~ 4 general sxpres-
sion when particular territory IL designated
the proper name OF the same shall invariably b.
expressed.
The existing Recommendations Of the crown
lands shall be observed, except 90 far a. admin
lstratlve reasons may render necessary devis.
ton from this rule.
trations (Iandesfurstche Bezirksarnter) shsil b.
established, as may be though TT, and withia to
same the action Of the various bsanches Of I'd.
ministration shall be as far AZ possible united.
Above the district boards, boards Of circles
(kresbehorden) will be established for admins.
trative purposes. The territorial extent OF these
will BE- fixed with regard both to former divisions
and present needs
In the smaller crown-lnnds, as generally where
no necessity exists for establishing the boards of
circles, they will be dispensed with.
The boa Ids of circles are subordnated to the
governor Of the crown land (see next article
and have functions partly supervisory aud part.
y administrative
Above the boards of circles are placed in eve.
ry crown-land the viceroyaty (statihalterei,) and
the Landeschef (chief of the province.) The
functions belonging to the viceroyaltH the posi-
ton and powers of the Landeschef and his rels-
ton to the supreme authority, will be defined BY
particular regulations.
The existing orts-gemsinde (eommunes) will
be continued as such, excepting in cases where
their union 10 rendered especially necessary or
desirable.
Ia the organization of orts- gemende, the dis.
Junction between rural and city communes is to
be kept in view, particularly the character of the
latter, AS royal or princely towns or cities.
The election of a president and acting com.
mittee of the commune will take place according
to regulations hereafter to be issued. The Off.
cial title OF the president will be that which has
heretofore been used in each crown land. The
functions of the president and committee will
be limited to the affairs of the commune, They
Will, however. be bound to render all required
cooperation in more public affairs, when called
upon to do so by the superior courts.
llere follow number of minute regulations
for the government of parishes and other small
communities.
The publication of the official proceedings Of
communes is forbidden. The communes are
subjected Immediately to the district boa rds.
According to those principles, particular or
ganzation is to be worked out for every crown
land ~
In the application Of these principles, it must
always be a rule to cOncede the greatest amount
ot influence to the greatest interests. In the
election OF communal president and committee
as in communal affairs generally influence is 10
be secured to the landed proprietor in proportion
to his property within the commune, and to his
rating to the taxes; to the manufacturing and
commercial interests in proportion to the col.
lective property and particularly in civic com.
munes, to the PROJECTORS of houses and after
wards decisive superiority must be assured 10
the corporations existing for spiritual and mate
rial purposes.
In the Lombardo Venetian kingdom, the ex.
listing communal division will be kept 10 and
improved.
The judicial Office will be exercised throughout
the realm by the members of the courts, accord
ing to the existing laws, in the name of his i'm.
peria royal and apostolic majesty
The judges and Ulcers of justice are to be
treated in respect Of their personal conduct, &C.
cordng to the prescriptions valid for the other
officers of the State, with reservation of their
independence in the lawful exercise of their
office.
The separation Of the administration of Justice
from merely ministerial duties, shall prevail in
the collegiate tribunals, and in the courts of
second and third instance, also in the courts OF
first instance in Lombardy, and wherever else it
shall be found necessary. Elsewhere, judicial
and administrative functions will he united in
courts Of first instance
In criminal cases which come before the cole.
gate courts sitting as tribunals of first instance,
proceedings take place by indictment, the &C.
cused is provided with an advocate, and the final
proceedings are oral.
The proceedings are not public, but the ac-
cused has the right of giving admission to a
definite number Of his friends as spectators dur.
ing the oral proceedings in the court of fret
instance. g
The public prosecutor presents indictments.
Jures are dispensed with
In the courts of first and second instance. the
proceedings are conducted only in writing.
Switzerland. M
The Suisse, of Berne says :-"The explana.
tons which have taken place on the subject of
French refugees, especially concern, it appears,
some of those refugees who were the authors
of an insurrectional proclamation, dated I.au.
same. 1t appears, also, that the fact has been
proved, for the federal council has ordered the
expulsion of the refugees from Switzerland"
Turkey.
Accounts have been received from CONSTANT.
nople to the 18th ult A project had been
brought forward for the construction of rail.
road from Constantinopls to Adrianople, but it ia
doubtful whether the government will grant the
the necessary concession.
The Courier de Marseille, on the authority
of letter from Constantnope. dated Dec. II,
states that the great piece Of news there is that
the Sultan has attended the sGlemnization of the
marriage, according To tho rifas IF tha Rnmon