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Wisconsin tribune. (Mineral Point, Wis.) 1847-1854, 1852-06-10
". VI. CorEEREN.

A TT0RSEY At LAW. Counselor end Solicitor IN
Il ChaHceFY, and General Land Agent. Mineral Point,
Iowa Co Wis, vii practice in the Finh Judicial CIR
euit and the supreme Court al Madison ANY business
entrusted % him VIII receive prompt attention
Wisconsin tribune. (Mineral Point, Wis.) 1847-1854, 1852-06-10
BUSINESS DIRECTORY.
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The Sumter banner. [volume] (Sumterville, S.C.) 1846-1855, 1852-04-27
: iutcrcours,

tTrcc ;rrea, 's5essasSs
policy Of this gnvcrnntE$&Za- FITS re-
la,ions tc foreign powers, was brought
prominently before thc country:
First, III the wars following The
French revolution, towards the close
Of the last century.
Second on the threatened inter.
vcn,ion Of the Holy Alliance hc.
tween Spain and her American colo,
MICS.
Third, on the invitation to this
cove nmcnt by The South American
republics. to meet them i'll Congress
at Panama.
The first arose Immediately after
the organization Of the government.
Washington was inauguratca us
President in 1889. anl his cr!chra-
ted proclamation Of neutrality issued
in 1893. 70 this proclamation his,
tory goes back as the great landmark
in cvory review of our policy. /,
will be useful, therefore, briefly to
recall the position Of the country u,
the time, and the occasion that
brought it forth.
From the commencement Of the
American revolution, France had
looked to the ultimate separation OF
En- .land and her American colonies
with an eye Of favor, and, as Il con,
sequence, nothing was left undonc ON
their part to engage France iii the
contest.
Dir. Franklin hal been sent to
Paris to conciliatc the good will OF
that country, aud to procure aid
He was kindly and yraciousiy rccciv.
cd, though not formally ack:,> w!cds
cd as the representative of his coun
try. But soon the favor Of the
French court was strongly tvinced
by permitting military stores and 9th
er supplies to be shipped to America
and even vessels Of war to be armed
and equipped in her ports asains,
England. The gratitude Of ouI
country thus strongly awakened 10,
even by such connivancc France in
Cured the hazards of a war-was
soon more kccnly excited by the
treaty of 177o, by Which she made
herself party bcIligcrent, and guar
antccd our independence. 1t was t'
be expected, therefore, that the
American people would strongly sym
pathize with those Of France, whcl
they were soon after found in a like
struggle for freedom as was fondly
believed, against a league Of forcisr
despots.
The year 1893, just ten years af
ter the independence OF the United
States had been finally established b,
the treaty Of peace, found our ole
enemy, England, conicdcrated il
arms with Austria. Prussia, Sardinia
and the United Netherlands, agains
republican France. The occasion
was inmincntly calculated to mscttl
the judgment of the country. Th
The Sumter banner. [volume] (Sumterville, S.C.) 1846-1855, 1852-04-27

" LTailSnit them TO france, WItIiSf
reports; when the denunciation which
those same men have excited tie
President to exhibit against me,
through Mr.. Morris, came to nv nv
hands," 4. s
The Senator from Louisiana. iod. ii, or.
der to show that General Washinrton
himself was not indisposed to part
from the neutral policy lnaintairel in
his proclamation, has deferred to ex-
Prcsssicns which he used in tho III III
structions given to Mr.. Monroe when
he was sent as minister to France, 10
show that President Washington Re; re
taned some idea of an obligation Oil .
the part of his government, to interfere,
between France :and the enemies Of
France Ela a,s4EEil7
In the instructions to Mr.. Nfonnroos
then Minister to Francc, the Seeretdfy
of State, sneaking f,r the President,
says, under date of June 10th ff94:
iic has been an early and, decided
friend Of the French revolution and
whatever reason there MAY hays been,
npdcr our ig lorance of facts ana poll
cy, 10 su;pcnd opinion upon soirie of
its important transactions, vet lis le.
immutable in his Wishes.for its iecofl-
plishment; incapable of a$sentfag4to
TIC right to any foreign prince to med.
die with its interior arrapgeinients: and
persuaded that success viii attend their
efforts, and particularly, that union
among themselves is an impregh,able
barrier against external assaults. p
Mr.. Monroe a;id been kindly Re-
ecircd by the French govcrI ment,
then ''thc convention" and in the in
structions, he was authorized t@ say
that the President ,.was incapaBle OF
''ossenfiny" to the right of any .f6sitSeigu
prince to mcddlc WITH the interior ar
rangcmcnts of France. at that time
there were five powers If Europe in
alliance to put down the revolution in
France, and this expression Of tho
President seems appealed to, to.evinec,
that he considered there was resident
i'll this country, a right to interfere be-
tween that alliance and the people Of
France. The expression is, sihe presi-
dent was incapable Of assentiag;Y tho
word is clearly not to be taken in its
literal sense; because literally, tho
President could neither assent, nor
descent, to an act of independent power.
lfnot received literally, then its mean.
ing is to be gathered from tho context,
and that clearly imports only, that the
| President was incapable of admitting
or oeo'cimg the right. And yet, this
seems to be appealed to by the honora-
bic Senator, to show, that President
Washington thereby Implied some
consciousness Of duty, on his part, to
interfere between France, and the enc.
mics of the liberties Of France.
The Senator has also advcrtcd to tho
instructions given to Mr.. Jay, rs min,
lister to England, in 1901, to show;
that the President had it in contempla.
ton TO form alliances with tile nentrals
of Europe, Mr.. Jay had been sent as
minister to England for the purpose
of negotiating, if he could, such q
treaty with her, ns would relieve us
from the emharrassmcnts in which Ss
The Sumter banner. [volume] (Sumterville, S.C.) 1846-1855, 1852-04-27

lngr n declared, aiiu declared cor.
rcctly, that the procla lanation oriyina
ted nothing. 1t was no cnactmen,
OF a law. 1t was a simple dcciara.
ton Of the existing relations between
this country an'l all foreign powers
relations no, arising from his will,
not created by the proclamation, but
existing under the laws. His pur.
pose and sole object was, to declare
to the American people, the obliga.
tons which existing laws Imposed
upon them. What were those laws !
Laws recognizing that this country
was at peace With, all the world
And the proclamation was nothing
more, than that being at peace, it
WAS his duty, as the conscrvator OF
the laws, to see that that peace was
not broken.
Sir, parties were somewhat divided
1T that day upon the policy which it
became this country TO pursue to-
wards France; one party asserting
that our proper position was neutral
ity, another Iarty asserting that
We ought to embark in the war--that
it WAS Il dntv which We owed to our
ancient ally, to sustain her in her
war for independence, as she. had
recently sustained us. But, until
war was declared by the Congress OF
the United States, who alone were
competent to declare it, there could
hc no difference Of opinion as to the
duty Of the Executive, to take care
tha. The peace Of the co,,n;ry was
preserved. The country was then
new. The Cansiitution was new. 1t
WAS comparatively untIicd. The
extent Of power coliilrd under it, tc
the Executive. and to the Congress
OF the United States, although to
be gathered from the instruments
was matter that very mich oc
cupicl the minds Of statesmen OF
tia; day. 1t does appear, on the
relation Of Mr.. Jefferson, that III
the cabinet, occasionally, Alexander
Hamilton, whose latudlnarian opin
ions upon the subject Of power We
all know. advanced the opinion, tina,
there was something more potent il
this proclamation Of neutrality, than
Il mere declaration Of the existing
state Of things. Hamilton seemed
to have entertained the opinion. that
it was competent for the President
Of the United States, by procIama
ton of neutrality, to crcate net
hality; and he went SO far III main
tanning his position, as to declare his
belief that, under the trcaty-mak,n.
power it was competent for the Pcrsi
dent Of the Senate, to stipuIatc ncu
trallity with foreign nation, anc
thereby take away from the Congress:
Of the United States the right tc
declare war in that particular case
In this broad opinion, Mr.. llamiltol
seems to have been sustained By
The Sumter banner. [volume] (Sumterville, S.C.) 1846-1855, 1852-04-27

this extent, that it is the duty Of the
United States to express a purpose
ON their part, should there be any
future intervention by one foreign
nation in the domestic concerns of
another.
Mr.. President, the reasons which
Senators have assigned in sustaining
these resolutions have gone further
than the resolutions themselves.
They have shadowed forth-so
more distinctly, some less so, and
refer especially to the remarks of the
Scnator from New York. Mr..
Seward, and those of the Senator
from Louisiana, Mr.. Soule1 they
have shadowed forth on the part Of
these honorable Senators this idea
that the time was at hand when it
became this country to review its
policy in this respect, although not
expressed in language sufficiently
pointed to enable us to understand
to what extent that review should
be carried.
But the honorable Senator from
Louisiana went somewhat further.
lie undertook to show that that
which had been assumed as being
the policy Of WasAington--a subject
OF late much discussed at public meet.
lnSs in the country as well as in the
newspapers SORT of historical
m;sconccption-that there had been
no such policy at all, or if there had
been, that 1t was n policy adopted
only for an occasion, and which ended
With the occasion which gave it birth.
ths suggestion woud seem to render
1t proper that we would 60 back to
the early history of the country, and
trace from their first beginning, the
rules and mlSims which it is allie gcd,
on our part, were instituted lv the
Fathers Of the Rcp,Slic, t aijlc rs
The Sumter banner. [volume] (Sumterville, S.C.) 1846-1855, 1852-04-27
( s.s ). I
N qD Y e

reserves particularly to the @
persuaded lil1 that lie has not The f,o,res t 3
to bend existing treaties. to- circtli,,, tI,I
stances, and to change their sense.
persuaded that the league ! il formed rn,s 4
| by all the tyrants / to aipilIiInta sre.
publican sprlnciplss,. foqnded oaftl,e
rights OF men, will be tie .oBiectsof
the serious deliberations Of CongyessI
l had deferred, III the sole {Riew 81.
maintaining good l,arihotiiy. Il BscttM,ys,s,,ii IL ,,i
me free people OF America and
france, communicating. to nv s, po,y.
er'lmeut before The epoch, at lw6ich
the representatives of the nianltss
we're to assemble, the original cofaes. s m
Pondences which has taken place. .%iR
writing, between you and myself al
the political rights of France ia Ss,,s
licular, Oil tie Interests oF pei,apaI ia
liberty, and OH the acts. pre,. S ,,,s. ,
tlons, and deaisioas of The bresident
OF the United States, relative q
objects which require, from, thar
nature, the sanction Of theilesislat;ye
oouy. However, informed thaitt ti,s tits
gentlemen e who have been painted so
me SO often as aristocrats, partisanaa
OF ! monarchy, partisans OF England
OF her constitution, and, CONSEQUENT. t
~ enemies of the principles, @l,icE
all good Frenchment have embraced
with q religious cnthas;asni !, \, ~, a
al at the popularity which was ;s reflected
on the minister Of France bystha
affection of the Amefic;aiH llsopie fsr
the French republic Tor tie
glorious causesfSE lseag defends;
- ''a, l.'ea 10 .5s1ss I,shakeH
,'.'s.s TO the
&c ere ,,1.a,.
lahg4 sss
& u
The Sumter banner. [volume] (Sumterville, S.C.) 1846-1855, 1852-04-27

''1t iilo NS'ft 's@-Ah'-- Ss't.N
was fixed in lis determination, not
to acknowledge but to sum ort their
Independence; that III doing this he
might probably be soon engaged in u
war, yet he should not cXpcct any
compensation from the Unitcl $ atcs
on that account. nor Was it pre-
ten led that he acted wholly for then
sa!;cs, since besides his rca! good viii
to them, it mas mnn!fr~Ny tie inter-
est cf France That tie l"'crr cf Eny.
iand shonid he dimi,I&hcd LH thr
separation Of Mc colo1,irS from It's
yorr,Wmrnt. The only condition he
should require, anil rely on, would
be, that the United States, in no
peace to he made, shpald give NJ
their inlcpcndcucc anil return to
obedience to tie British govern
m"nt. '.-Nam&oy's History of Tie
United .Stotcs.
Reasoning az statesmen should
Washington and his cabinet acknowI.
cascd oh'y 'hc responsibility OF thc
nation, to itself. Although under
treaty stipulation to guarantee to
France her West India possessions,
there was none that America should
make herself a party To the war
illus we were at peace, though
France was al war: ahd' oy direction
III
OF President Washington, Tie PRO
c.amat'on OF neutrality isSncd. Its
character s'mr'y was TO define the
relations OF thc country rs cN'Si'n-
with AL i"rc'Sn powers, nndcr the
laws n' lhc c"ni''ry-n"",'hS more.
~ 'a'' '"r me MS, 'ilhc, n"t II laih
"'"an an" "'en,, we l'"'d" IONS "'
our i'r''sn p"hcy. IN c"lnnn'ica-
tinElt to Congress, at the iiist session
,a. 17oa y y y, 10 'n;1''' =: n''V''''
W. Wv 'S''','' :''"
N' S"''' "S '''c "af IL E"r. pc
'a' e'horace" 'h"Se powers win
N''''h 'he o''''c'' 'o'a'eS nave the
The Sumter banner. [volume] (Sumterville, S.C.) 1846-1855, 1852-04-27

tic people Of sasIl4is8S S;
l believe, pretty much to the West
and North strong sensation has
been excited by the presence OF
one of the refugees from this re-
subjugated country of Hungary, who
came among us-brought out under
the safe conduct Of our na5, as was
supposed, with view to find rcpnb-
lican home; or if not, then simply to
make his Acknowledgements for that
safe conduct; but as it has turned
out, he came with view TO establish
himself as a propayandist in this
country; to invite the councils Of
the nation to what lie arprchendcd
to be the duty that this country
owed to others, and more especially
to his own. The feelings natural to
the occasion was very much inilamcd
by the peculiar talents Of the man as
natural orator. And so it has
been that your table, Mr.. President,
now has Oh it memorials and petitions
from various parts Of the country
asking the government to review, in
order to remodel, the policy that has
been the guide Of this country for
the last half century in its inter
course with and in its relations to
foreign countries.
j.. Sir, the resolution which has been
offered by the Senator from Michi-
gan, advcrting to this armcd inter
ference Of Russia between Austria
and Hungary, expresses, on the part
of the United States, the declaration
'that they have not seen, nor could
they again see, without deep con.
cern, the violation of this principle of
national Independence" the princip lie
being, as recitcd in the resolution,
that which is an unaoubtcd law OF
nations, that one nation has not
the right to interfere with the do
mestic concerns Of another.
The resolution of the Senator
from New York goes little further
In that resolution it is declared that.
"The United States, in defence Of
their own interests and Of the com
mon Interests of mankind, do solemn
ly protest against the conduct Of
Russia on that occasion, as a wanton
and tyrannical infraction of the
laws of nations; and the United
States do further declare that they
will not hereafter be indifferent te
similar acts of national injustice, op
preston, and usurpation, whenever
or wherever they may occur"
The sanction under which these
resolutions were offered to the
world are pretty much the Same il
both instances. The Senator from
Michigan says that "the United
States cannot see without deep con
Germ any future Violations" &C.; ant
the Senator from New York say
that we "cannot SEQ it with indiifcr
ence. The import Of the two ex
pressions, apprchenl, being prett,
much the sar,e; but they both 60 t
The Sumter banner. [volume] (Sumterville, S.C.) 1846-1855, 1852-04-27

which that situation, With its sur
rom ding perils,lnadc upon it,"
Ard again
sit came to be debated in cabinet
council how far, in issuing that pro.
clamation, General Washington had
not transccndcdt the powers vested in
the Prcsidcl,t bY the Constitution;
and we have tho authority of Mr..
Jefferson to tic effect. that lie apolo.
yizecl for tie nsf Of tie tern. NEu.
TRALIrY.' The PRESIDENT remarks
Mr.. Jefferson, declared he never had
an idea that H. could bind Congress
against declaring var, or HAT any.
thing contained in his proclamation
could look be.yond. the day of their
meeting. Sa S:5a5 sz
The President said he had but one
object tho kceadng onrsrcople quiet
till Congress sapnldsmcel."
The imprcssi,In thatwould seem tc
be conveyed by1 tic honorable Scna-
tor in the expression thus used is,
that this procl*nation:ewas one in.
tended only to inlieatc aSpolicy alto.
gcther transient;a pol.cS That should
die with the cxi .,5ncy which had yiv.
en- rise to it; aui he cites from the
ANA of MIR. Jeiferson published
with his corlesl 9lldence, to show
what Gcncra', i,ias!iington himself
The Sumter banner. [volume] (Sumterville, S.C.) 1846-1855, 1852-04-27

dcspots Of Europe, in league tc
subjngate republican France, tLa,
France who, but ten years, shor,
years, before, had been our allv in a
like contest with one Of those very
powers then armed against her.
Fortunately for the event, tie dos
TIMES of the country were then under
the guidance Of men who were states.
men, as well as patriots. They
were (to borrow the appropriate
word OF the Senator from louisiana
Mr.. SouLE 1mrasSice' ur,movcd
~ the stirring excitement of the oc.
caslon; they took counsel only Of the
duties they owed to their own coun-
try They well knew that, howcv-
er equally our country had rcapcl
the benefit, France in becoming our
ally, was actuated, as nations aways S
arc actuated, by considerations, fr$t.
Of her own interest.
France and England were then
the great rival powers Of the world,
and at that very juncture, tl.c form,
cr was yet smartiny under the humil-
ia'ions OF the treaty Of Paris OF 1863,
by which she lost her possessions in
North America, and England had
acquired them; and, without dispar.
aS'ng the Important aid which we
had derived from France, they knew,
also, that she had net committed her
self tc II breach with England until
the success OF our arms in tic cam
paisn Of 1777, in the plains Of New
Jersey, followed by the surrender of
B Brsoyne at Saratoga, showed our
country capable of maintaining the
independence it had declared. In
fine, they knew that .hc first. if not
the sinslc ohjcct OF tcalcu was to
weaken hcl rival, by "'.D a.y-;nr.
her colonies. ,M
~, ,1Evsyss ,,,,.-,y.ss,
The Sumter banner. [volume] (Sumterville, S.C.) 1846-1855, 1852-04-27
POLITICAL,
SIoEECEH
HON. JAMES w. MASON,

d ~ : -
OF VIRGINIA,
on Non-lutervention; delirc1.e.z :,
the Senate Of tie United States
EApr,", 8, 1852.
The Senate having under con.
sideration the resolutions offered Mr..
Clarke, with amendments offered bv
Mr.. Seward and Mr.. Cass, reafiirm.
ing the doctrine of Neutrality-suspicious..
Mr.. Mason said:
Mr.. President: The resolutions
which have been offered by the hon.
orable Senator from Michigan, r Mr..
j Cass, and also by the honorabl,
Senator from New York, TMr.
Seward, arc directed to an occasion
that has passed BY. They are in
4 tended to express the sense of the
United States Congress on the
armed intervention Of the Emperor
OF Russia between Austria and Hun
gary, one ofi:s dependencies. Bat,
though the occasion is passed. these
honorable Senators regarding, |
doubt not, the strong feeling which
was manifested i'll some parts of the
country on the occasion Of that in.
reference, have deemed it proper to
bring the subject before Congress,
IN order, first, that the Congress, of
the United States may express, SO
lar as lies with them, the sentiments
aof the country on the sutiectlor that
intervention; and, secondly, With
view to toreshadow what those
senators, and others who think with
them, take to be the true position of
tins government: and ofthis country.
IN reference 70 similar occasions
when4they may arse
Now, sir. cannot Shut our
The Sumter banner. [volume] (Sumterville, S.C.) 1846-1855, 1852-06-01

of the peace of the country, that
the former indifference and distrust
has been changed to something like
.abhorronce and loathing.
Thore is no party or fragment of
a party in South Carolina, as we fully
believe, that would think it worth the
trouble, to choose between Gen. Scott
and Gen. Cass for the Presidency.
They are very much alike,-a
couple Of selfish egotists, with no mol e
principle than those daughters of
the horselccch :. which continually
cry, give, give! To defend our coun-
try is the true religion, eaid the
heroic Hector. To be President, is
the true and full sum of my political
principles, say Scott and Cass. What
honest man will sacrifice his time and
self-rcsPect by attempting to decid c
which of the two rotten apples is
the least disgusting?
The Sumter banner. [volume] (Sumterville, S.C.) 1846-1855, 1852-06-01
The Southern Patriot.

This paper contains an editorial ml-
er the caption, Cooperation in Mar
riage in which after giving some re-
marks OF Judges HuaEn and BUTLER
before the committee of twenty one or
the propriety and necessity Of Co-opc-
ration in resisting federal aggrcssions
goes on to say, the truth is Co-opera-
ton was fraud on some, but not ma
ny. There may be few who wore
delivered under the impression that
Cooperation was looked to rs a remc-
dy. But the great mass OF the party
knew we'll that it was only hum
bug to kill Secession with, and save
the State from ruin and Instruction.
One half the Co-operationist would
themselves have repudiated it had
they suppose there was any reality in it,
and that it would lead to dis-union.'
That some may have been deceived
or that sonp did not understand the
purpose fol which Cooperation was
sought we will not deny; but we do
deny that'ths party asked Cooperation
for any other purpose than to dissolve
the Union, We deny that the party
would have npudiatcd it if they had
become satisfied Of its reality. After
it was ascertamed that the assistance
ofthe other States could not be secured,
then the next object was to defeat the
secession party, whose purpose was to
secede single and alone. The Patriot
was willing to have the aid Of the Co
operation party although a humbug in
putting down Secession; and had it
not been for this humbus, ruin and de.
struction would have been our fate, for
the Union loving psrty singly could
never have defcatcdthe single Seces-
sonist. 1t is amusing to look back
upon the course With the Patriot has
pursued in reference to both parties.
Last summer when Secession was at
its highest, the Patriot omitted no op-
portunity to show up Secessionists in
all sorts Of ways, now Secession is dead
it tells Secesionists thsy were defeat
ed with miserable humbug-that the
party opposed to them did not believe
in their own loctrincs--that it was all
The Sumter banner. [volume] (Sumterville, S.C.) 1846-1855, 1852-06-01
a LOCKER ON.
Tribute of Respect.

At meeting Of the members OF
the Columbia Bar, held on Tuesday
evening, the 18th May, 1852, the fol
lowing Preamble and Resolutions of:
fercd by Mr.. VIM. Wallace, were
unanimously adopted, to wit:
1t having pleased an All-wisc but
inscrutable Providence, to remove
from sphere Of usefulness, our es.
tecmed friend and associate, Augustus
II. Porcher, Esq, whose gentlencss
of manner, amiabilty of character, and
genuine warmth of feeling, whilst they
won the love of all who knew him,
were only cqualled by those high NOR.
al and intellectual qualities which Sc
cured to him their respect and admira.
ton. In testimony of our grief for
his loss, and us tribute of respect to
his memory, be. it
Resolved, That his untimely fate has
plunged our community in grief, and
will long be remembered with sorrow.
Resolved, That we wear the usual
badge of mourning fer thirty days.
Resoired, That copy of these reso.
lutions be transmitted to his afflicted
family.
ED. J. ARTHUR, Chairman.
"A. HERBEMoNT, Jr., Secretary.