New-York daily tribune. [volume] (New-York [N.Y.]) 1842-1866, 1852-08-21
ENGLAND.
The Riectlons-Tories and Whigs.

The Eiections-Tories and wings.
Correspondence Of The N. Y. Tribune
LONDON, Friday, Aug 6, 1892
The results of the General Election for
the British Parliament are now known. This re-
suit shall aDayze more fully in my next letter.
What were the parties which during this cleo
pioneering agitation opposed or supported each
otherl
Tories, Wings, Liberal Conservatives lPeelites,)
Free Traders par excellence, 1.-THE men Of the
Manchester School, Parliamentary and Financial
Reformers,) and lastly, the ChartiSts.
wings. Free Traders and Peelites coalesced to
Oppose the Tories. 1t was between this coalition
on one side, and the Tories the other, that the
real electoral battle was fought. Opposed to
Wings. Peelites, Free Traders and Tories, and
thus opposed to entire official England, were the
Chartists
The political parties Of Great Britain are suili-
GENTLY known in the United states. 1t will be
sufficient to bring to mind in a few strokes of the
pen, the distinctive characteristics of each OF
them.
Up to 1876 the Tories passed as the guardians
OF the traditions of Old England. They were sus-
pected of admiring in the British Constitution the
eighth wonder Of the world to be laadGtoreS
temporis act, enthusiasts for the throne, the Hish
Church, the privileges and liberties Of the British
subject. The fatal year, 1916, with its repeal Of
the Corn Laws, and the shout of distress which
this repeal forced fiOm the Tories, proved that
they were enthusiasts for nothing bat the rent o
land, and at the same time disclosed the secret 0
Al. - Il
stitutions of Old England. These institutions are
the very best Institutions, with the help of which
the large landed prOperty-the landed interest
has hitherto ruled England, and even now seeks to
maintain it's rule. The year 1916 brought to light
in its nakedness the substantial class interest which
forms the real base Of the Tory party. The year
1916 tore down the additionally venerable lions
hide, under which Tory class interest had hitherto
hidden ITSELF The wear 1876 transformed the Tories
into PrOtectiORistS. Tory the sacred name Pro-
tectOnisti is the pTOfane one Tory the political
battle. cry, Protectlonlt is the economical shout
Of distress Tory seemed an idea principle Pro.
tectiOnist is an interest. Protectionists of WHAT
OF their own revenues, Of the rent of their own
land. Then the Tones. in the end, are Bourgeois
as much as the remainder, for where is the Bour-
geois who is not protectionist Of his own purse
They are distinguished from the other Bourgeois,
IN the same the rent Of land is distinguished
from commercial and industrial profit Rent Of
land Uatiye, profit is progressive; rent OF
land is national, profit is cosmopohical; rent OF
La d believes in the State Church, profit is dis
senter by birth. The repeal Of the Corn Laws of
1916 merely recognized an already accomplished
fact change long since enacted IN the elements
of British civil society viz the subordiration Of
the lan6ed interest under the mOneyed interest Of
property under commerce, Of agriculture under
manufacturing industry, of the country under the
city. Could this TACT be doubted since the
country population stands, in England TO the
towns population in the proportion Oione to three
The substantial foundation Of the power of the
Tories was the rent of land. The rent of land is
regulated by the price OF food. The prce OF food,
then, was artifcially maintained at n high rate by
the Corn Laws. The repeal Of the Corn Laws
brought down the price OF food, which ia its turn
brought down the rent OF land, and with sinking
rent broke down the real strength upon which the
politics power ofthe Tories reposed
What, then are they Try Ing to do now! To MAN.
tain political power the social found4t alton Ofwhch
has ceased TO exist AND how can this be attained
BY nothing short OF Coulter Rer0'uft0R. that is
to say, by reaction Of the State against Society.
They st,ye to retain forciby institutions and
political power which are condemned from the
very moment at which the rural population found
itself Outnumbered three times by the population
Of the towns. And such az attempt must neces-
sarily end with their destruction; It must accele-
rate and make more acute the social DEVELOPMENT
of England it must bring on q crisis.
The Tories recruit their army from the farmers
who have either not vet lost the habit OF folio wing
their landlords as their natural supeIiors, who
are economically dependent upon them, or who do
not yet that the interest OF the farmer and the
interest OF the landlord are no identical than
the respective interests of the borrower and ofth
usurer. They are followed and supported by the
Colonial Interest, the Shipping Interest, the Stare
Church Party, in short, by all those elements
which consider it necessary TO safeguard their IN
terests against the necessary results Of modern
manufacturing industry and against the social
revolution prepared by it,
Opposed TO the Tories, as their hereditary enc
mes, stand the HLigs, a party with whom the
American Wings have nothing in common but tho
name.
Inc British Wing, in the natural history OF
ponies, lGms species which, like sill those OF
the amphibious class, exists very easilv but is d
6cuit 10 descrte. Shall we cali them, with theIr
opponents, Tones out Of Office or, as continental
winters love II, take them for the representatives
of certain popular principles Ia the latter case
we should get embarrassed in the sane dif6ulty
as the historian OF the Wings, MIR. Coke vino with
eres. uaect.e confesses in his "History Of Par.
ties" that it is indeed, certain number Of besn
neral and enlightened principles" which consti
ttt,s 5heWlig parry, bat that IT was greatly to