New-York daily tribune. [volume] (New-York [N.Y.]) 1842-1866, 1852-10-23

determining for whom he will work, and the price he
IL willing receive for his services bu. If he lives in
one in which there Ia competition ~ the sale Of labor
he knows well that is does not rest with him deter
mine either where be will work or VIVA, shall be his
wages.
Fkers all are farmers, neye be conpeition for
the purchase Of labor except for few days in harvest
but there must be competition for The sole Of labor during
all the ret Of the year. Ofcourse where sll farm
paniers the who has labor to sell is at the
mercy Of the few who desire to buy IT, as ia in
Southern States where the lsborer is a slave; and in
ireland where his condition ia far worse than that of
the slaves OF the South and In India where sell
themfelves for long terms Of years to labor in the
West Indies and in Portugal, where competition for
the purchase Of labor has existence Where, on the
contrary there ia @ liberalization Of eulployments,
there ia steady Improvement in the condition OF men,
they and more acquire the power to determine
for Themselves for whom they will work and what
,hsll be their reward is in the rapid improve
ent Of the condition of the people Of France Belgium
and Germany and especially Of those OF Russia, where
competition for the purchase Of labor is increasing with
wonderful rspidty. liberalization CT employment Ia
absolutely necessary produce competition for the
purchase of labor The shoemaker does not need to
purchs,e sboes nor does the miner need TO buy coal
any more then the farmer needs to buy wheat or pota
toes Bring them together and combine with them
the halter the tanner the cottonpinner the maker OF
wooen CLOTH and the smelter and roller OF iron. and
each Of them becomes q competitor Tor the purchase OF
the labor or the products Of the labor of all the others
and the wages Of ell rise with the increase Of compe
tton.
In order that labor may be productive, it must be
aided by machinery. The farmer could do little with
his hands when aided by the plow and the harrow he
may raise much wheat and He could carry little
on his shoulders, but he may transport much when
aided by horse and wagon, and still more when aided
by locomotive engine ship. Ho could convert
Little grain into -four when provided only with pestle
and mortar but he may do much when provided with
mill His wife could convert little cotton into cloth
when provided only with spinning wheel and hand
loom, but her labor becomes highly productive when
aided by the spinning jenny and the poweroom. The
moro hor lsbors and those of her husband are thus
sded the larger will be the quantity Of grain produced
the readily will be converted into -four the moro
readily will be carried to market the larger will be
the quantity Of cloth for which it will exchange the
grester will be the quantity of food and Of cloth to be
divided among the lsborers and the greater will be the
facility the part of the laborer to acquire machinery
of his own, and to become his own employer and to
increase that diversication in the employment of labor
which tends increase the competition for its purchase
1t will next, we think be quite clear to readers
that the the gristm is to the farm the less will
be the labor required for converting the wheat into -four
the will be the labor that may be given to the i'm
provemept of the farm and the greater will DO the
power of the farmer to purchase shoes hats, coats
plows or harrows and thus to create demand for To-
Dor Equally clear will it be that he nearer he
bring the halter the shoemaker, and the tailor the
maker Of pows and hsrrows the lees will be the loss Of
haot f1,air
and the greater will be his power TO purchase books
and newspapers educate his children, and thus 10
introduce new varieties in the demand for labor and
each such new variety in tho demand for that commod
i,y tends to rsi,e the wages Of those engaged in all
other pursuits II there be none but farmers all
seeking employment farm Open carpenters or
blacksmith shop and the men employed therein will
ceosc to be competitors for farm labor, and wages will
tend TO rise. Open mine or quarry stone and build
mill ard here will be competition for labor that
will tend to produce rise in the wages of all laborers
Build dozen mills and will be required to get out
timber and stone, and to make spindles, looms, and
steame engines and when the mills completed the
demand for labor will withdraw hundreds of men that
would be otherwise competitors for employment In the
blowing of fields the making of shoes coats, and
hundreds of that would otherwise be seeking to
employ themselves in binding shoes making shirts.
Competition for the purchase of labor grove therefore,
with every increase in the liberalization OF employ
nent with constant tendency to increase in the reward
OF labor 1t declines with every diminuton in the
modes Of employing labor with steady tendency to de
cline in weses.
The object Of the British system is. and has always
been that OF compelling the people OF other countries
to limit themselves to the pursuits of agriculture and
thus to prevent the existence in any country OF the
world of competition for the purchase Of labor. With
that view ii was that England forbade the erection of
ion.works in these her American provinces and that
fhe imposed restrictions of various kinds in relation to
other pursuits The merchants Of London pettioned
Parliament, against permitting the establishment OF any
description of manufactures in this country and Lord
CHATHAM declared that he would permit the people
! of America to make even hobnal" for their own
use The people of the West Indies in like man
rer prohibited from refining their own sugar and thus
was competition for the purchase of labor forbidden
there as well as here. To carry out her system, she
forbade that cotton wooen machinery machinery
for Il making OF iron should be exported to any part
of the world and artisans were prevented from emf
grating lest they should csxy to other countries the
knowledge required for the erection of machinery, and
for bringing about that diversfcaton of employment
required for producing competition for the purchase OF
lsbor Ky thus securing for herself monopoly Of the
machinery for converting food and wool into CLOTH and
food fuel and ore into iron she obtained complete con-
troll over the manufactures and trade Of the world and
thus became rich The expense Of other nations who
found themselves in this limited to the pursuit
OF agriculture with correspondent diminution in the
reward sf labor.
Fer time this prospered, but at length the eyes of
the world were opened the fact that they being
impoverished a. she being enriched and that the
effect of the system that of constituting herself sole
br of the products of the labor of the world and
sole stL. of the manufactured commodities 10 be given
in exchange for them, with power to nix the prices Of
both ard thus that ske really acting in the capacity
OF m,rcss OF the world with power to impose taxes at