The Democratic sentinel. [volume] (Cadiz, Ohio) 1852-1853, 1852-12-08

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lies however should not De fSed at a rate so
high as 10 exclude the foreign article. but
should be s~O'graduated as to enable the do
mesdc manufactured fairly . compete with
The foreigner in our W markets. anafbyl
dis eompelidou to rednee Inc price Of the
manufactured article to die consumer % The
lowest rate a Nbi0h it can be produced.-l
This policy would place the mechanic BY the
side ofthe farmer. create Il mutalinterchange
Of their respective commodities, and thus
stimulate the industry Of the whole country,
and render sintependent Of f9reign nations
for the supplies required by the habits or
necessities OF the people.
AnothEr question, wholly Independent Of
protection. presents itself. aud that's. whe-
ther the duties levied shonld be upon the
value of .he article at the place of shipment,
or, where it is practicable. a specific duty,
graduated according to quantity. as ascer-
tanned 5y weight or measure. All our du-
ties are at present al valorem. a c9rtain
per, cehtsge is levied on the price Of the
price Of the goods at the port of shipment
in a foreign country. Most commercial ma
tons have found it Indispensable, for the
purpose of preventing fraud ana perjury, to
make the duties specific. whenever the ,arti-
Gle Is of such uniform value in weight or
measure as TO justify such a duty Lcgis-
lation should never encourage dishonesty or
crime. 1t IS impossible that the revenue
officers at the port where the goods are en-
tered and the duties paid should Know with
certainty what they cost in the foreign coun-
try. Yet tile law requires that they should
levy the duty according to such cost. They
are therefore compelled to re ort to very
unsatisfactory evidence to ascertain what
that cost was. They take the invoice of'the
importer, attested by his oath, as the best
evidence Of which the nature of the case ad-
mits. But every one must see that tie in
voice may be fabricated, and the oath BY
which it is supported false, BY reason Of
which the dishonest importer pays a part
only of the duties which are paid by the
honest one, and then indirectly receives
from the treasury OF the United States a re-
ward for his fraud and perjury. The re
ports OF h eSecretary ofthe Treasury here
tofore made on this subject show conciu-
siyely that their frauds have been,pracliced
to a great extent. The tendency is to de-
stroy that high moraI character for which
our merchants have long been distinguish
ed. to defraud tie Government of its reve.
nue.: to bleak down The honest importer By
a dishonest competition; and, finally, lo
transfer the business Of Importation to for
elgn and irresponsible agents, to lhe great
Getriment Of our own citizens. therefore
again most earnestly recommend the adop-
ton Of specific duties, wherever it is practi-
tlcable, or a home valuation to prevent
those frauds. ID. ., ag
! would also again call your. attention to
the fact that the present tariff in some cases
imposes a heavier duty upon the raw mate
rial imported than upon the article manuIdc-
tured from it, Che consequence of which is
that tho duty operates to the encouragement
of the foreigner and the Encouragement OF
our own citizens. .. '
For full and detailed information in regard
to the general condition of our Indian affairs,
| respectfully refer you to the report of the
Secretary of'the Interior and the accompany
inc documents.
The Sci,atc not having thought proper to
ratifv the treaties which had been negotiated
with the trlbeaot Indians III California and
Oregon, our relations with them have been
lett III a very Unsatisfactory condition.
In other parts oil, our territory particular
districts OF country have been SET apart tor
the exclusive occupation OF the Indians, and
their right to the lands within those ''limit>
nave been acknowledge anq resp'ciGd.-
but III California and Oregon there has beer
no recognition by the government OF Inc rN,
elusive right o! the Indians to any part o
The country. they are therefore mere ten
ants at sutleranee, and liable to be driver
from place to place, at the pleasure OF tlt
whites. .t. g.
The treaties which have been rejected
proposed to remedy THIS eyh by allotunS t
inc different trlDes' diSgfictS OF country SUIT
able to Their habits OF NE, and sufficient toj
thelr support Inns provision more that
any otDer' 1t is believed lea to Their reJec
non: ana as no substitute !or IL mas Deen a
dopica by Congress- IL mas Oeeh deemed al
'lsaoie 10 ehIef mo ne" treaties OF d per
manent character although no ef1ort ha'
: Deeh spared BY temporary ARRANGEMENTS Il
preserve lHenuly relations WIN 'nem'
iii be the desire of Congress to removt
} them from the country altogether, or to as
sign to them particular districts more remote
from the settlements vi the whites, 1t will b'
proper to set apart by law the t%errltor!
which they are to occupy, and to provide
the means necessary Tor removing them to 1t