New-York daily tribune. [volume] (New-York [N.Y.]) 1842-1866, 1852-03-13
AMERICA AND LIBERTY
sprrCH OF HON. VIM. H. SEWARD
W ron.InteryentIon delivered in the Senate,
March 9, 1852.

~, cIarke's Resolutions on Inc suDJec' vi
W ron. Intervention delivered in the senate,
March 9, 1889.
Ma. President: Writers on Law teach
n. that States are free, independent, and equal
moral persons, existing for the objects of happl'
ness and usefulness, and possessing nights ana
subiect 10 duties defined by the law OF nature,
which is a system of politics and morals iounoe'
in risht reason that the only difference between
,,,;c. and moral. H. that one regulates the opera
t,ops Of government, while the other onecss 'ne
.o,arc, ~ individuals and that the maxms OF oosn
80. IN. ..me mat two sovereign States may De SUB
an. nr,nce and yet be mutually Independent
!Ss.s ns;ion becomes free BY the act OF us ruler
Sh~r he exceeds the Fundamental laws that wneh
- S,pprive State Of Independence or OF liberty IL
NAV lawfully take counsel oil us courage, aAo PFC
far before the certainty oil seIsituce oe chances OF
destruction that each Danon 10 pound 70 aoto every
other in time of peace the most good, and IN time OF
war the least harm possible, consistenfly Win ite
own real interest thas while this 10 an lmperfect
obligation, OF which no State can exact perform,
snce any one has right TO use peaceful me ans and
even force, If necessary, to repIess 2 power tnss
openly violates the law OF nations ana olfecty az
tscks their common Welfare ana mat .no
course between States 1t can nevertheless be con-
Quoted by those only, who In their respective ma
lions possess and exercise, In facs adequate por'
Aussria being situated in Central Europe, With
enlv an seaport, We have known iisue
Of her except that she was one OF the Oldest anu
most energetic and nexoraols members Oh INA. c0m
Of " the Allied Powers" 1.-THE Holy League and
"tAs Holy Alliance" and with the unoaansins Pre-
nan half century opposed and resisted every
The reforming and benign principles ofthe American
fevoiuson. nh.v;nc he.r in aces M st the heroic
aefendeT OF Christian Europe against the armies Oh
Ielam and afteYward the chlyalrous guardian OF
Xustia from the usurpalions of Prussia ana france,
seemed, near century ago, to disappear, aao Sniy
four years since came again on the stage and cnai.
lepeed part In the drama OF nations. She occupied
= yeqiop within the Austrian Empire, with hf1een
sS., Ssd q sppeped freedom arts, and
ope-thrd, while the remainder were Germans,
Serbs and Wallachians, and the two latter classes
were debssed and virtually snsisea oy asuaa,
by an ancient King, st. Stephen hungary was
limited monarchy, and an absolutely inoepenoent
State. Beginning, however, In 1880, she eiecsrd ioI
her Kings the success sive TeigniDg Dukes OF the
House OF Hapsburg Lorraine, Tor period OF one
hundred and fifty years, and then gave tnen sue
cesson to her throne 6y law OF h
and accepted by the Austrian dynasty, Defined the
union Of the two States, declaring thas tne hins
should have no powers before coronatlon-thal nc
coulo be crowned only on signing compact ana
swearing an oath to sustain the Constitution usages
and laws OF Hungary, by virtue OF which she was
free and independent State, and tnas she coula Ds
hound by no ROY edicts cecrees but only by laws
passed by her own Diet or Legislature, and sane
toned by the King.
Hungary was always as Independent Of Russia as
such, Mr.. President, was the condition Of Hunga'
~ In March, 1915 Now she has neither Conslltu-
ton, nor King, nor Diet nor national functions nor
national organs, nor independence, nor liberty, nor
law, but lies PROSTATE at the feet OF the Austrian
Emperor, and receives his absolute DEGREES from
the point Of the SWORD. VINO mas wiougn. ms hs
used its liberty so nobly and had kept 1t SO long we
In February, ls4s, the Hungarian Diet, while re:
yisiI and mtlioIaDg their domestic laws, learned
BY the Geographic wires that Republic had risen
In Paris, and that Constitutional Government was
about to rise IN Vienna. Awaiting themselves Of
these pIOpitous circumstances they decreed the
establishment of an Independent. National Treas
ury, resident Paa,ine or VIceroy, and RESPONSE
BILE Hungarian MinistTy-iI stutions equally neces-
sary Just and constitutional Hungary received the
royal sanction Of these measures with contentment
and satisfaction at the very moment when only her
word was wanting to subvert the Empire. Three
days af.erward me Germans obtained Sonssitu.
limited monarch In his Austrian dominions, as he
had always been In Hungary The Hungarian Diet
at once reformed the social and political condition
Of the State, and aboshing feudalism, but not with
out just compensation, they established equality OF
taxation, representation. suffrage, and all legal
rights among all races and classes throughout the
Kingdom and on the llth OF April the Emperor
crowned this noble aud benetcent work by an edct
approving and CONFIRMING the new laws WORD Tor
word"
Aparty Of reaction, no, Hungarian but Austrian, on
groundless pretenses, fomented insurrecton in the
Hungarian provinces Of Servia and wallschia, and
tnasnuch as tyranny. when panic struck, cannot but
and laws, appointed the chief insiigator, the Baron
1sllachich 10 the Office Of Ban or Governor OF the
etdltous Cistlicts. Hungary demonstrated, and the
Emperor disavowsd the insunection, denounced and
Onetf ~ Ran and "a Lad on he a n
by law promptly and efectualy for the safety OF the
Kingdom. Nevertheless the traitor, privately assured
BY the monarch, entered the territory OF the Mag
yaTs with 40,0e0 men, and. receiving there SIX
auxiliary imperial regiments, proceeded toward
the Hungarian capital, marking his way with Ia
humanity shocking 70 deecnbe-burying hVe men me-,
and staying women without mercy, aud even chill.
dren without rem0fse. In the mdst OF these tefron
the Emperor the crowned and constitutional hing OF
Hungary, rejected the defensive laws which nv
his own instance the Diet had passed. restored to
the invading chief his d,gnities, and, suspenaihg
the fundamental laws, proclaimed hun nov not
Dictator of all Hungary. Then rang throughout that
land well known voices voice that atyrant hao
once stfed for three years IN an Austrian dungeon,
and that In its turn had made that yran take refuge
IN the subterranean vaults Of Shoenerunn, and In
the mountain Businesses Of the Tyrol-a voice snst
has since been heard by all nations. In tones saa
Jet bold, and in language solemn yet cheering ana
prophetic, il predicted that this treason OF the hing
would work out the independence Of the Magyar
State, and closed with the appeal, To arms 10
arms every man TO arms, And let the women Gig
deep grave between Veszprem and fshervar, IN
which to bury either the name, fame ard nationality
Of Hungary, or our enemy The sons OF Atsila rose
~ man, the Diet took its Arm resolve, the Minis
try executed it, and the nation ganzed almost IN
day ard appointed aud supplied soon, BY the genius
which had summoned 1t TO The field met defeated and
chased the invader to the very walls OF Vienna and
there sat down and waited, unhsppy In vain the
certed rising ofthe German Republicans for the
throw Of the empire. The Constitutional Assembly
Of Austria, although cheered BY popular victories,
vaciuat<d ans then OF course covered, and AZ last
easy revolution. Hungary was thus left alone Her
constitutional compacs and oath embarrassed the
Emperor He therefore resigned, and hts SONIA
youth ofsevsnteen--sprap into The throne, spurn.
ing the hateful ceremonies Of Hungarian corona
ton, and irampllng the Constitution OF st. stepnen
INTO the earth. Nine armies at once entered Hun
aphlns h,. a..