The daily union. [volume] (Washington [D.C.]) 1845-1857, 1852-11-21

with the earth, like gold in the "dggngs' Of Calfor
mia.
Just before Casienau was there man planting post
TO which 10 tie his mule found diamond OF earats
The children here wash the earth in the for gold
and diamonds sometimes found IN the crops OF the
fowls.
This stone is found in the bottom OF the steans and
the most celebrated Tor IL the Ouro the Diamenno
and the Santa Anna. in their whole length; the Areas
the San Franciscos-of which there three and on
the Paraguay itself for considerable distance down the
main stream
The Samidouro. which is on the Amazonian side OF
this RIDGE is said also 10 be exceedingly rich in dia-
monds.
| Spanard, one Don Simon. with his slaves, washing
The Santa Anna during the dry only got in four
years 1000 carats OF diamonds.
Caselnau estimates the whole yield of diamonds from
Brazil to the end OF lS49 at near $50 1000.
II is the mineral wealth OF this watershed between
the La Plata and the Amazon, operating with its gold and
its diamonds upon the capdiy OF her counelos that has
been The OF Brazil
AT first the diamonds belonged 10 the Crown, and no
person allowed visit the diamond district unless
under the stricest surveillance. Military posts
tablshed throughout the whole region prevent people
| from gathering its mineral wealth.
Suppose the United States had established military posts
in California TO prevent the people from going there and
digging for gold, what would have been the condition OF
that State now in comparison to what isl 1t would
have been like the interior of Brazil now is
| The policy OF Brazil has been not only TO shut oct
commerce, but to shut up from observation the wonder
full resources capabilities and capacities of the finest
country in the world and among the immense treas
ures which lie dormant and undeveoped there, class
the precious and metals among the least of the
| truly valuable.
There is now in Rio the original of an order issued
when Humboldt was travelling in South America, order
ing that great lie made prisoner should he
set foot on Brazilian territory.
And it has been but two three years ago that appli
cation made by this government 10 that of Brazil
for permission TO send steamer up the Amazon to
pore it, not for the benefit OF the United States alone,
but for the good of commerce, science, and the world
PERMISSION was refused The consequence was, too Of
cers OF the navy ordered to the Andes
from Lima and descend the Amazon they might.
One of these officers Uieut Herndon, u s NJ has just
returned and is engaged with his report the other
(.eut Gibbon) is still on his way down.
Thus in consequences Of this Japanese spirit that still
fingers in Brazil, officers, in the pursuit OF science
and OF knowledge for the benefit of the human family,
by this dog he-mange policy compelled 10 under
60 all Of exposure, and living monkeys and
cows, descend that mighty river from lie
its mouth RATS, in dug. outs and upon such floating
! things they could find
\ On the ridge TO the north of Diamentino Castelnau
saw the waters of the La Plata and the Amazon flowing
from the same farm
"We found (says he) OF the very sources OF the
Amola "a tributary of the Cuyaba,) which rises in
vine OF The plateau, and flows toward the south lit
NNW from the fork OF it, which they say is little
more elevated. These two sources unite almost mmedi.
a,ely in the valley TO form the Amola which crosses
4 were. is situated one OF the Interesting points
which the continent presents. There in fact. and
few steps from the other, arise the OF
OF the greaters rivers the wordhe Amazon and the
La Plata. Ii may day be very easy 10 establish
communication between these gigantic streams; for the
master OF the house, he told himself had attempted
la,pn plx pf uurda
the waters of river into the bed OF the other The
source OF the river Esivado the true branch OF the Ar
nos is found N hollow in The plateau. whose shed is
turned toward the north about $50 feet east OF the house
of the name; and AIS feet west Of this appears in
little grove the OF an afuent OF the Tombador
which is known TO be one OF the tributaries of The Guy
aba.
" The farm OF Estivado is therefore on the dividing
line OF the waters which flow north and those which
GU in the times OF great foods there is a torrent whose
waters certain point separate such manner that
on the one hand they flow 10 the Cuyaba and on the
other 10 the Tapajos
:" All this great plateau is on the dividing line OF the
waters The superintendent OF Estivado told that
once had been carried from Cuyaba in the Arnos
by OF portage OF only four leagues across the
Chapoa and the proprietor oil Nacu had proposed 10
absh this communication"
Diamentino carries direct trade with Para, by the
Arinss, the 1apajos, and Amazon The place Of en-
bakaon is ten leagues from the village and the voy-
age up and down. thence to Para occupies eight months
/ The Tspajos is said TO be scky.
/ The foreign merchandise that reaches Diameniino by
this is sold advance, the average Of eight
hundred and fifty per cent its price in Para, which is
some so or 100 per cent on New York prices
Were this trade large, present IL no-anI with.
out steamboat navigation can never bePenns, Iyania
no doubt, would rejJce in IT. Tor iron in Diamenlino
and the province OF Matte Gasso generally sells at s25
the 100 lbs,-fpe hundred aad inv dollars hs ioni-a
price which ought surely 10 satisfy the ton men OF any
country Salt sells 3s the 100 lbs flour at $40 per
barrel.
Casienau quotes the Para and Damentno prices OF
thirty four Of the principal foreign articles Of trade be-
tween the two places and the average advance in Da-
mentno upon these Para prices is, have stated, $50
lper cent
Passing from this bsnighted country over into Bolivia
Casienau came TO an entirely different sort OF people
Industrious and thriving the Bolvans as they contem
plate their lovely rivers, the plcamayo and the Medea
sgh for the steamboat and the free navigation Of the La
| Plata and the Amazon.
The Pilcsmayo takes iis rice under the south wall OF
their beautiful " Silver City, Chuquscaea is called
The Yernejo another large Bolivian tributary of the La
Plata, has its further south. After course Of
thousand miles TO the southwark and eastward, these
streams empty into The Paraguay and anxious Bolivia
for the steam navigation OF these rivers that she has, am
told offered bonus Of 100000 to the first steamboat that
will ascend the Plcamayo to the head Of navigation.
ChuQuiscaca stands on a spur OF mouniain which
uls out from the Andes, and constitutes the divide
between the head waters Of the PiIcamayo and the Ma