The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1852-10-18

,ordipgly He directed Bcssieres TO keep open the
between the Pyr.ness and Madrid,
md to demolish any foruatious OF tie insurgents 10
he rorth OF Spain To the eastern districts OF me
kingdom he despatched Marshal Moncey, and the
psc'hcst.on of the south he intrusted 10 General
Dupont. Bessierss executed his mission with som.
pie success. destroying an entire Spanish army ~
Rio Seco, clearing Castle aud Leon of the PARROT
musters. snd opening the gates Of Maddi 10 the
new king, Joseph Bonsparte Money vas less for
tupate, Ter he attacked Spsnards behind stooe
walls ut Valencia. and was roughly repulssh; oat
Duport experienced fate unparalleled in the h'sto-
ry Of the war, for no positively capituatcd With his
entire army, and it was for the Spanish hero who
has but just expired that the credit of this pTodi.
gous triumph was reserved
At the PERIOD 10 question Castahos was IA com
maLd of an nconsicerabie force of regular sod'ery
in TIE lines Of Sc. Rogue. The smith OF Spnn'
hike the south Of France, was remarksol Zoe the
feIyor of Political opinion which prevailed there.
and the cause of the iDsurrect0u was fur'ouly
maintained at al the chief towns of Andilus'a.
Castsnos however, was particp ator in the blind
of this enthusiasm. He bad shared, !: is said,
The views which many Spaniards of distinction un-
coubtediy entertained respecting the change OF sue
cession. and, although rot gifted with any special
foresight, he placed little confidence in the ni AIRY
prospects of the insurgents. As Dupont advanced
wi bis army. and routed with the usual Slaughter
such patriot leves us encountered him, the mlsgv-
mes of CastaGos were confirmed, add when he re
ceivsd the appointment of Captain General OF the
Spsnith armies be strongly urged the expedlency
Of adopting the defensive, and awaiting suc,or
from Eng land behind the en'rencbments of Caiiz
But the iDsurgent authorities would hear OF no
delay. They directed immediate operations, and,
as it happened, they for once decided rightly The
truth was. that Dupont was frightened He was
soldier of great merit aud of hga distinction in the
Tecent campaigns Of the Dperor, bnt hs had not
sufficient moral courage for this peculiar command
be overra, ell the resources OF tho southern PATRIOTS
and thought Of nothing but obtaining rrinfor ,e-
ment' and eflectpg his retreat, when a resou'e ad-
vance would have carried everything before it.
These views of he French general gave grea facii-
ties 10 the spanish commander Castahos pr0t,ed
by the inactivity ard manifest disc engagement of
his adversary to collect and STR ngthen bis own
forces, and when Dupont retreated be followed upon
his track aud the 19ih OF July. 1903, overlook
the Ere oh army, divided between the posts of An
dpjsr and Bay len The battle which ensued was q
fitting climax the previous operations. Sspara-
ted from each other, dspirited. bswildered, and
overcome by the intense heat of the climate, Dd-
points divisions were worried and terrified into Gu
piu'ation. and. after a loss of some 1000 in the
engagement, Is 600 French soldiers nc ,ually sur
rendered their arms TO Cas.anos and his parrot
levies
From triumph so exceptional in its character
there obviously not mach 10 DO inferred respect
ing The merits of the conquerng army or tho sci.
ence of It's general. In point OF fact, before five
months had elapsed the results Of Biyen we're ut
tery reversed and Cas' amos himself crusht outright
1T Tudela by the bio VS. of a more Wig lrOus com
msnaer But it may easily be imagined no power.
fully sueb victory rs tina. Of Baylen acted on the
passions of the Spsnard, the opnisn Of Europe, and
tho progress Of the war. Addicted so strongly 10
gasconade as 10 discover victory even IN failure, the
Spaniards ated TO Incredible pitch Of con
fdence by this wonderful succsss They had done
what 10 soldiers had ever done before during The
whole coarse Of the European var. aud whs. Done
indeed succet ded in doing afterwards The Duke
OF Wellington himself never took whole French
army prisoners in a pitched battle The consequences
was, thai the patriots believed themselves 1nVincl
bic, and the iDsurrecton which bad received
kr,x, Ia htx1r thot
Seoo, and which in other parto of the kingdom was
making bnt little progress, burst forth with
iIIepressibie fury under the stimulus OF u
conquest like this. The battle Of BsJ len. indeed,
by determining oil wavsrers among the Spl-
pisrds. and b creaHbs an unprecedented spirit Of
admiration and sympathy among the Brfis, people,
exercised most material influence on the fortunes
of the Peninsulor Sar; and though the g'ores of
the victory never revived, tho feat Was grand
enough in itseIf TO snrv,ve Impershaby IA the
nj nory Of the nation Castahos was made Duke Il
Ba. len, and has beoa esteemed y kind of Spanish
Wellington to this day the natural pride Of his
country men in so distinguished hero ssaRds con.
sderably corrected by the impartial appreciation OF
history. bus 1T seems to be evident that he was
really superior in many respc's TO MS military col
leagues and that his operations against Dupont,
though mainly Indebted for their success 70 the
misconduct OF others, were directed with q very
oIeditable skill towards the attainment of the object
in view he at least took the fullest possible nd
vantage Of bis adv srsarys error aad, If he neyor
sgnajized hi nseli on a second field 1t may perhaps
be thought that success extraordinary Was
enough good fortune for life even century long
The habits Of General Castahos are described -
having been very simple and Meth0dical He wJ5
accustomed TO rise at daybreaH, and soon after-
wards chaplain entered his bedroom, and sail
mass; after hcb he took chocolate, in which TIE
chaplain partic pa,ed. Between eight aud ten he
had two newspapers-o opposition and one minis.
teralread to him, either by his secretary Colonel
Herreros) or his phew (he Baron do Csrondelct)
and would converse with them. criticising rs they
went on After that he went ont. End always
yi-ted the church where the forty hours were ccle
braed, and on his return opened his letter bag and
read his pTivae correspondence, ADD also read the
Journal des D6bats, with which. and receiving
visi-s, he entertained himself till dinner time He
diDed at FIVE and as soon az the meal was over he
drove out for time, and his return retired TO his
hriuit0 til! ten p. when be took glass Of milk,
ard vent to bed. He had only three servants, and
bis establishment altog of the most modest
description.
Additional Particulars OF the Loss Of the
American ship Mobile,
From the Liverpool Courier Oct.
The American ship Mobile, Captain j. Tarboy,
together with about sixty-spyen persons lnculiu,
passengers and crew. SAILED from this pott on Tues
day last having On board, as near as can o. ascer-
tam, d. ty-thr,e passengers, and crew Number
ing twenty .th:ee men, including oil ,ers She DO.
ceeJed safely until half past two O'Clock On Wed.
Desdsy morning, when sue struck on tne ArklO1
Banks, on the irish coast, aud sborils afterwards
clnmtneed TO break up At The tune she struck the
wird was blowing perfscs hurricane fro "A + y. u ,
with very heavy sea running; The only tails sne
carried the tine berg the fore aGd main topsas,
close reefed Efforts mace 10 launch the DO ITS
shortly sitter she struck but, owing to the heavy
running this could lot be accouIp iched rhe scene
board the Ill faed ship few minues after sri Sige
baies all description, the poor passengers rulasag
about in all dirtcoos crJ ing og plteousy for nrlp
an0, at every succeeding sea, more ct thair
numter we're washed oil the wreck, uutri, ia 3 very
short time. all bad disspp AIRED wisn tue exception
of eight seamen AID sne passenger, who had been
able TO Lash themselves 70 the cnatnels Ii fow
hours nfter the vessel struck the weather lnodera.
ted, and confirmed - until Thursday morniug, va
about eleven o'clock two scboouers hove in sight,
and inn ediate'y bore DOWN 20 the WRECK 0ne Of
the schoonrs, which was bound to Glasgow, took
four Of the sailors AMI passenger on board, ant
conveyed them 70 Glasgow; the othor took che re-
main,ng four OF aud landed taem &C Wexford.
When rescued, they we're in q very exhausted state
from cold and exposure. they were forwarded to
this port in the Wexford steamer, and arrived On