Fayetteville observer. [volume] (Fayetteville, Tenn.) 1850-1966, 1852-03-04
CDR 2'out5,s griisl.a.
| Coal

laFe oefh originally vegetable mat
-cf and by long burial in The earth, I
10 have been soaked with bitumen,f
Ill It's very substance has been
for sometimes it has been
found but. partially changed, with /
the flbrPus formation yet discern
IDLE. More commonly, However,
It seems 10 have been some earthly !
sQbstance, thus impregnated and
by petroleum, Or some
oily matter. England is highly ia
vored by this KIDD provision of fuel,
suited to her cold climate, and es-
peciaIly nee essary for a lnanufac
turinB country. Fer ages, indeed,
wood was the only kind q firing
muse; and as the island was an,
ci4ntly SO m uch covered With tNn-
Der, the Com modify did not become
scarce. As, however, population
increas ei, and cora was wanted,
The forests were cut down, and The
Nland brought into culture, 50 that
in some districts fuel bdcane scarce
aud dear. In countIjls where coal
aboands, it was ind possible but
some particles, at leas must have
been washed Oct OF the cath BY
/ the floods. This takes place to he
present day. That these black
stones would burn was the next
/ discovery, and SEARCHING Tor them
was as natural, when wood became
difficult to procure Newcastle
/ upon-iyne, in Northumberland, is
a principal coal country. Henry
III. gave tie inhabitants the first
charter for digging coal, about the
year 1899. They were, however,
forbidden to be brought to london
at OF e time, till the destruction Of
the woods about The city rendered
lsomf other supply Of fuel necessa-
Try itpresent the quantity is very
greal; ID the year 1850, eight hun
bred and sixty six thousand eight
hundred and len chaldrJns were
brought to London. 4 chaldrou
contains thirty six bushels. Tha
duantity increases every year, and
tally keeps pboe with tIle great
increase of houses. That the va
rioGs Substances underheath tho
,5soIl lie all in strata, has frequently
been stated. Coal is found II this
manner Sometimes the stratum
is many feet thick, sometimes MOI
more Than six inches. When found
! it. is followed, and though thin al
FIRST; it soon BeconI es moEe prolita
bic. III follow ing The veinol coal
lhc miners are obliged TO go ial
into the bowels Of the earth; and
; sometimes to great depths. Tho
coal mines at.Whitehayen in Eng
: gland are very Wonderful. You
enter at III { bottoE n Of Hill, and
ipass an am pzingly long WY among
Huge galleries, " hFre the ROOF Is
'propped up by vast pillars Of coal
ilafl tot that purpose, nine feet high
lard thirty-sIK ied dick The
mines sink to The depth OF seven OF
ieight hundred feet. They run m
der the sea 10 a great extent; Sc
that large SHIPS sail over theminers'
theads. Tie stratum of coal is
falwa} 5 inclincl, on dps as they call
il; an Il Frequently the miners have
to sink, Or 10 rise, a hundred feet.
or mcre, 10 find the remainder Of a
/ broke vein. These breaks appear
to be The consequence Of some VIC
llcnt G9hcus$ion Of the earth, by
which b vein Of coal is cast up, or
dow III out Of the regular course;
such d brealI is called ad4ke. One
Of thd most remarkable cdaE-works
was alt Barr wstonesS, in Scotland.
1Ihe vein of coal Went under an
arm 6f the sea; till it reached a
spot half a milo from the shore; this
was fqraed mi to quay, for en-
/ trance, as coming more imtnediate-
/ y upEn the works; lie cdal was
laid tllere, and SHIPPING coIll u come
close, and take them in. Fresh
! water sprans MP from the bottom
Of the 'hitie, and was PUMPED odt,
| from ia depth Of $40 leet. II was
q wonderful work, and was wrought
TO gff at advantage for many years.
At | sf, ain G Ntraordlnary hiBil ide
rose ABOVE tile mouth Of THE CO al
pit, al ID drowned the whole cbncein,
with bll who were then at work in
II II ,.i4i1.- AL, 4o,,aro1 Ihl,,i,,