davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Virginia free press. (Charlestown, Va. [W. Va.]) 1832-1916, 1852-05-06

Esr We are authorized to announce THOMAS
JOHNSON, as candidate forshe Office Of Con-
stable, in the CharlestoEn DfstriSf by
March rs, 1852 Mar YoTrRs.
We are authorized 10 announce GEORGE
Fk0ONTZ. as candidate for Constable 10 the
Hsrpers Ferry District, at tie FIRST election under
fhe New Constitution March ia
kg We are authorized 70 announce LEWIS
Mp EIERSONs as candidate. Tor Constable. in
The Kabelown District, at the first election under
he new Constitution March II, 1852.
Virginia free press. (Charlestown, Va. [W. Va.]) 1832-1916, 1852-05-06

&C. VS. are requested 10 say THAI Maj. THOMAS
BRISCOE win be Supported a candidate Tor siag.s-
tratc in District No. 4. alhy 5.
Virginia free press. (Charlestown, Va. [W. Va.]) 1832-1916, 1852-05-06

~ We are authorized 10 announce WILLIAM
GRANTHAM Esq, as candidate for Sheriff OF
Jefferson county, under the new Constitution,
Virginia free press. (Charlestown, Va. [W. Va.]) 1832-1916, 1852-05-06

- We are authorized 10 announce JOHN
AVIS, Jr.Sasal4 candidate i'r lie Magisfiaeg, at
the first cleo ion uader lhe New CONSTITUTION Tor
Ike ChaIlestowu District March =, 1883.
Virginia free press. (Charlestown, Va. [W. Va.]) 1832-1916, 1852-05-06

10 If .his property IS not s6ll pruateiy
hy TiwsdaB DC i3it.ef NY itwillon ,hai III h
ed rai.at PPbiie sale INLAY c}f{
Virginia free press. (Charlestown, Va. [W. Va.]) 1832-1916, 1852-05-06
COUNTY CiEIk-

saF We are apthorizsd Do annonrcc f,,r,I7C
REED for the Once OF CLERK of he Ca,t, -,
q Jefferson county, al The first election under the
New Constitution March 81 Ia5a
We are authorized 10 announce HENRY
BERRY, Esq, for the Office of Clerk If The Conn
~ Court OF Jefferson County, at the first election
under the new Constitution. Feb 10
Virginia free press. (Charlestown, Va. [W. Va.]) 1832-1916, 1852-05-06

II We are authorized ii announce BENJA-
MIN RODERlCKsas a candidate for Constable al
the ffst election under the New Constitution. ia
the district 10 which be resides. March 25.
Virginia free press. (Charlestown, Va. [W. Va.]) 1832-1916, 1852-05-06

TT We are authorized to announce WILLIAM
T. WASIIlNGToN. Esq, for The Once Of Clerk
Of The County Court Of Jefferson County, at The rsi
election under the'new Constitution Feb. 10
Virginia free press. (Charlestown, Va. [W. Va.]) 1832-1916, 1852-05-06

We are authorized TO announce ARCHIBALD
M. KlTZMlLLItR. Esq, forthe Office 81 Clerk Of
the County Conftpf Jefferson County, at The first
elestion uRderdhe4new Constitution. Jan. 90.
Virginia free press. (Charlestown, Va. [W. Va.]) 1832-1916, 1852-05-06

We arc requested to say that SAMUEL. W. LACK
LAND, Esq. viii be Supported as candidate for Mag
istgstc ii DSstrsct So..4. MAY 9.
Virginia free press. (Charlestown, Va. [W. Va.]) 1832-1916, 1852-05-06

Eg~ We are authorized to announce to The voters
OF jefferson County THOMASA MOORE. ESD.
as a candidate for the CleTkship of the County
Court. under f-pew constitution. fJan. 29*
Virginia free press. (Charlestown, Va. [W. Va.]) 1832-1916, 1852-05-06

a- From ti4. we'll known eap2estt ana l2tY
cIee of Carr. G. W. SAPPlNtil OCS, ~ ny ,
ensuing elsciiaa ia the Northern District ur Iaefls
49, 8 eradicate f5s the MayistracY 81 Jefferson
Camden journal. [volume] (Camden, South-Carolina) 1852-1852, 1852-09-03
Origin of Newspapers.

In the reign Of the first James, or rather to-
wards its close, when Shakespeare had Just left the
stage of life-Cromwcll having not yet enlarged
from the brew house at Huntingdon; Milton at
college pursuing his studies; and many of the
co opatrots of these men yet undiStingui>hcd-
the first English newspaper appeared in London.
Prior to that time man named Nathaniel But
ter had been employed to write letters, contain
ng the news Of the city, to country gentlemen.
Several Of these newS-writerS made their living
in this way, each cndravorny to obtain as many
"patrons" as he could. Butter, however, con-
ccivcd the idea Of monopoIizins, or at least of
extending the business, SO rs to render it more
lucrative, and on the 23d Of May, 1912, printed
his weekly letter. and DESPATCHED it to his eoun-
try "patrons" under the name Of" "Wcckly News"
He cndeavorcd to sell copies of it in London,
but met with poor success; was ridiculcd 10y the
wits, even as the ''pcnnv press" has been in our
day; and soon afterwards Ben johnson produced
a comedy called ''The Staple ofNews," in which
his cutting satire is lcvcrd at the new enterprise
Butter br;,vcly contcndcd against the storm, but
with success that WAS only profitable, as is fire.
qucntly the case, to his SUCCESSORS.
At this day, there is no doubt that the honor
of the enterprise belongs to Butter. Irregular
pamphlets were issued before his time. contain
ing news, but his WAS the iirstsystcmatic attempt
to establish a periodical publication In the life
of Ruddiman, Mr.. Chalmers states that the first
newspaper wils The English Murcuric," publish
ed in 1855 and ascribcd "to the sagacity of Eliz-
abcth and wisdom Of Burlcigh," the honor due
to Nathaniel alone. The careful biographcr,
Mr. Watts subsequently proved the "Englis
Mcrcurics" to be slaring forgery and sustained
the evidence derived from research, by 'the COM
parativc modcrnness Of the paper and type Of
the "AIcrcure."
The honor of the first newspaper has been as
cribed to the Romans; but the Actesdurna'
which were referred to in support of the PROPOSE
ton, are understood to have been common to all
nations in the process of cvilization and bore the
character Of public proclamations s-somctimcs i'm
parting news, and at others new cnactments-
The tyranny of Nero, it is said induced him oc-
casionay to suspend them so high that they
could not be read, and then he would CRAFTY his
brutality bv furnishing their nfracton; and thus
give the first publicity to them. Venice has also
enjoyed the honor of originating newspapers, be-
cause the name Gazette" now common to the
press, has been adopted from the name of coin,
called "gazetta," paid for admission to the place
! in which the Venetian reports, still preserved in
Camden journal. [volume] (Camden, South-Carolina) 1852-1852, 1852-09-03
For the Journal

Mr.. EDITOR: Among others am interrogated,
through your paper as follows:
lSt. ".ire you in favor of the Bank ofthe State?'
I'd. "Of giving the election Of President and
Vice President TO the people"
Sd "Of changing the present free school sys-
tenn in order 10 make it answ 9r better purpose"
lst believe that great mischief is done to the
governed by Legislatures governing too much :
that such laws and such administration Of them
as shall rtttctnaIly protect each individual of the
community i'll life, personal liberty, freedom in la
Dor, and he acquisitions OF his labor. comprise, in
general, the proper functions of all governments
Hence the result, that the less government inter-
ieres with all enterprises for which private, or in
dividual associated industry, capital and skill are
competent and sufficient the better for all who are
governed. | believe the Legislature of South
Carolina would not be eminenly successful in
growing cotton or in converting it into cloth in
keeping dry goods store or apothecary shop; in
growing sheep or hogs, and so OIL and for the
same reasons, believe that the Legislature is
not eminentIy qualified to manage a Bank of pa
per circulation. This, like the other matters have
alluded to, is better done by private enterprise,
skill and vigilance under the restraints of law
With Mr.. Calhoun and Mr. +. H. Elmore himself,
believe in the doctrine of a separation between
Bank and State as well as between Church and
State. "No State (says tie constitution of the
United Statcs) "shall emit bills of credit; make
anything but gold and silver coin tender in pay
ment OF debts" believe the original scope and
design of this fundamental restriction would en-
brace paper circulation, through Bank or 9th
crwise, issued by and on the authority OF State;
and tho only ground OH which the Supreme Court
of the United States has vcntured to place the
consttutionality Of State Bank circulation is,
that for more than half century some States
had exercised the power, and it had not been an
nulled yet it cannot be said that it had been un-
questioned. 1t is undenIabe, that there is pro-
civitv in governments to contract debts by loans:
all governments among civilized men, are guilty
of #. A State Bank furnishes the utmost facility
to do this mischief to the governed, indirectly and
unobserued by the people. We need not travel be
yond our own State for proof Of this. That our
Camden journal. [volume] (Camden, South-Carolina) 1852-1852, 1852-09-03
The Furman University.

The annual meeting of the Board of Trustees,
Examination of the Students and Commence
ment exercises of this institution have transpircd
during the. past week. The attendance Of the
Board was quite full and the business transac-
ted was Of an important and interesting charac-
ter. The University was organized, and its plan
of future operations determined upon The plan
of organization we shall publish so soon as we
have room. The present Professors were elect
ed to positions under the new organization, and
an arrangement made for the carly appointment
Of an English teacher in the Acadcmical depart
ment. The election of a presiding officer and
other Professors was postponed until the meet
ING in June next.
The report of the Committee on Examination,
consisting of Drs Johnson and Curtis and Judge
O'Ncal is highly creditable to the Professors
and students, and shows that the system of III
struction pursued is through and udicous.
The Commencement exercise took place in the
Baptist Chu:c; on Mon law, when n thcolorical
essay was read by Professor Minis, graduating
addresses delivered by Messrs. Alexander, Co
hen and Humphrey, and the annual oration be-
fore the Adslphian and Philo,ophcan Societies
delivered by Judge O'N"all.
The propcets Of the University are highly
hattering. 1t numbers over sixty students with
a fair prospect tn t the number will he increased
next session to one hundred and fifty.
The centre building of the COLLEGE is rapidly
being completed and will be ready for occup pan.
cy by first Of January next, and the chemical and
philosophical departments shortly afterwards
A handsome appropriation has been made for
the purchase Of philosophical, chemical and 9TH
er apparatus, and arrangements entered into fol
the establishment Of the library. Southern Pa.
triot, 10Th uh.
Camden journal. [volume] (Camden, South-Carolina) 1852-1852, 1852-09-03
Meteorological Journal for August.
The Result of the Freshet.

There is trite but true, adage, that "things are
never so bad but that they might be worse" On Mon
day last when wrote concerning the heavy reshet
in river our worst apprehensons were excited and
feared that the crops would prove total losses to our
planters. We have reason now to hope that matters
will not be quite so bad altho things very gloomy
Yet hope may beam through our deepest gloom. We
have heard that good deal Of may yet be saved
and atho the loss of the planters is immense, the
whelmng crops in all sections of the country WILL it is
hoped bring the price Of down the ensuing year.
This reshet has proved the most disastrous Of any
which lie have had for twenty years. The plantations
along river have sustained great injury; the wash
ing up Of the lands the falling of trees destruction Of
fences the ruin Of the crops is mournful spectacle to
behold. These are things against which no human
foresight provide, and should regard them not
with bitter feelings of complaint but as sent from him
who doeth all things WELL and in whose hands are the
destinies Of all men.
Camden journal. [volume] (Camden, South-Carolina) 1852-1852, 1852-09-03

posed, that that principle obtains, and in the re-
lation which the Districts and Parishes bear to
the State Government in the Legislature there, of
and not in the Election of Electors-a relation
altogether different. The principle of represen-
tation in this State is domestic settlement, ap-
plcabc alone to the Legislative action Of the State.
The election of President and Vice President
grows out of our Federal Relations, and is pro.
viJed for by the Constitution of the United
States.
Your Committee would also recommend the
passage of the Bill, because the Election of Elec-
tors by the people, will prevent the minging Of
State and National politics in the Election of
members of the Legislature, and give to the peo-
lIe an opportunity of calling into the Council
Of State, fit and suitable representatives to serve
;hem in tie Legislature, and who at the same
time. might ditfcr with them in the Presidential
clcctun.
In conclusion Your committee would aude to
the fact that South Carolina is the only State in
the Union in Which the Election of EIector is
made by the Legislature. This is Il circumstance
we'll worthy of consideration. and furnishes at
least, presumption in favor of the Election by
the people. They are satisfied that the people
of South Carolina possesses thesa intelligence
and integrity of purpose with the people OF the
other Saates, and are as capable of malipe n
proper selection for President and Vice PrcS-
dent, as they are capable Of making proper
selection Of members of the Legislature.
Entertaining these views, your Committee
would respectfully submit the Bill for the con-
sderation of the House.
GEORGE McC. W1THERsPooN,
R. MooRMAS,
ID. S. TAYLOR,
WM. GILES
Camden journal. [volume] (Camden, South-Carolina) 1852-1852, 1852-09-03

Florence were read during the long Turkish wars,
in which Venice was ultimately shorn of her pow
er and glory. -.
The writers for the "Weekly News" in its best
days were under rigid censorship, and were only
permitted to publish gossip and such foreign in
telgence as they could gain from travellers, or
correspondence. And thus with the first paper
originated that system correspondence, which
now ramfes the world..';We cannot pursue this
history in detail. 1t must suffice that from the
time the Star Chamber was abolished in l64l,
which was 'death on newspapers" till the Res
toration, some 10000 journals, pamphlets and
papers were published, often with large editions.
the Long Parliament had itself published daily
reports of its proceedings, which were continued
until Charles the Second put step to custom
so Incompatible with the policy of the crown
A. Mr.. Thomasson who lived during the parlia-
mentary wars made collection of the publica-
items of the time, which was finally purchased
by George the Third, after it passed through va
rious hands, and was lodged in the Baptist Mu-
scum. During the civil wars both the conten-
ding armies carried printing apparatus in their
baggage; so that the press on the battle field Is
no modern incident.
During the time Of the Long Parliament, the
press had severe and desperate struggl le for the
maintenance of that partial freedom, without
whicI, it must become the degenerate and con-
temhible thing it is now in France. Private
printing presses sent fourth innulncrabIe publ
cations, which were denounced as "scandalous
seditious;;" and the most strenuous efforts were
made to detect the sources from which they Is
sued. Milton at this time came to the support
of the press, and in the "Areopagitica" boldly
addressed the commons, and put forth sentiments
so much more honorable to him, as they were
superior to the age in which he lived. The i'll
fluence of this address was never tested, for it
was followed by the civil wars. and the press ell
ioyed freedom enough until the end of the Pro-
tectorate. and the succession of Charles the Sc
cond. Then succeeded a period Of severe censor
ship; and L'Estrangc, staunch friend of the roy
al cause, was appointed licenser, and authorized
to publish a Journal called The Intelligencer.'
But we must defer our subject until another op-
portunity; when some incidents of the period
will afford a striking contrast with the stat" Of
the press in this, or day of "liberty and indepen
dence"-BaH Sun.
Camden journal. [volume] (Camden, South-Carolina) 1852-1852, 1852-09-03
Education.

During the short space of few months, We;
have noticed with much satisfaction and plea
sure, the attention given to this important sub
ject, by various Journals in our State. As it
applies with equal force to every people and
community, we have been induced to think, that
by saying few words more, it might possibly.
be like unto "seed cast into good ground ~ -
Many good and wise men Of our State, have OBJ
served with much regret, the repeated failures
Of the various schemes and plans, adopted by
Legislative authority, for the spread of educa.s
ton through the land, and especially, for car
rying knowledge to the darkened minds of the
humble poor. The wisdom, (would that We
could say the energy too,) Of our Legislature,
has been of none effect in devising feasible plan
for the attainment of this desirable object. The,
number of persons in the State who can neither
read or write, is truly astonishing; and it does
strike our minds very forcibly, that the welfare,
prosperity, dignity, safety aud pride of the State
are involved in putting the means of information
within the reach of the truly destitute portion
Of our feow-citizens. Here, then, are reasons Of
erpediency sufficiently potent to bring every lever
in to play, which can have any effect in re-
moving this incubus which rests upon our peo-ls
pie, 70 say nothing of moral obligations which
portion are tenfold more welghty and strong
An enlightened public mind, and consequently, e.
high national moral tone, is the surest foundatons
upon which can rest the pillars Of any govern
ment. Republics like ours, are more especiallY,ts
based upon the integrity ofthe people, the source
of all their vitality and energy. 2
Purify the fountain, and from thence will issue,
streams "that will gladden. and fertilise the land I"
That nation which pays proper regard to the
mental culture of her citizens withstand firm, and,
mmovabe-when Others pursuing a different
course, will have been buried in the rubbish Of
the past. If all efforts to extend the blessings
of education have failed so far, this is no reason
why another, and still another should not be 1
made. We are not prepared to suggest any plan. (
But our object in penning this article, will be to
some extent accomplished it should have any
effect in stimulating, to renewed exertion, those
who, under view of its Importance are now en'l
gagged in studying this subject with an eye to
practical results. While our Legislature is es,
dcavoring to throw more elections into the hands
of the people, let them remember that portion
ofthe people, who cannot from the very nature
of things, vote understaldingy, but are the viii
ling dupes of ambitious men, Let no portion Of;
any district then act as a continual drag upon:
the other; but let all things move on harmonious,
ly and orderly working together for good
Black River Watchman.
ELLEN CRAFT THE FuerT1vE SLAvE.-The MAJ
Camden journal. [volume] (Camden, South-Carolina) 1852-1852, 1852-09-03
w Every days experience teaches US

sS- Every days experience teaches the consum.
mate folly of trusting too much to ourselves We are
apt the error is universally to receive and enjoy the
blessings of life too much matter Of course, with
out properly considering the source from whence they
are derived appreciating their Importance neces
sarv to our comfort and happiness. We never appre-
cate the good things of le until we deprived of
them, and learn by experience how important they
have been to our comfort and well-being. Thus we
are forced to learn from the severe lessons Of expert
ence truths which are only to be learned in this way
Man. from the very of his being, distinguished
in the scale Of creation ashe should be- far above every
other creature, he is said by one to be
"Dim miniature of greatness absolute
An heir of glory. &C."
And yet after all man even distinguished link in
beings endless chain sometimes in his thoughts and
actions little above ANIMAL governed by its
wild instincts and unconscious of the existence of di
vine being. Man, receiving the blessings ofhs maker
without being thankful is like unto the animal which
feeds upon the fruit falling from the tree above him,
never looking up to see from whcncethc blessing comes
Our troubles sometimes sent upon us, to warn us
of danger They may prove blessings in Disguise for
verify is the proverb "Prosperty doth best discover
vice. but adversely doth best discover virtue"
"Vrtue the strength and beauty of the SOUL
Is the best gift Of hcaven,-a happiness
That even above the Smiles and frowns of fate,
EXats great natures iavorites, wealth
That neo'r encumbers, nor can be transferred"
Camden journal. [volume] (Camden, South-Carolina) 1852-1852, 1852-09-03
Our Excuse.

Our readers must excuse our want of news and va
riety in to-day's paper. We have had no mail from
Charleston or Columbia for several days; and as most
of our northern and western papers brought by this
route, ct great loss for matter for our paper
We hope however these things are to be short in their
Duration and that soon we will be under full sail again
Hoping for the best trust readers will appreci.
ate our situation and excuse US accordingly.
Camden journal. [volume] (Camden, South-Carolina) 1852-1852, 1852-09-03

TIE MAN VINO VISITS THE WATERING PA
cEs-pickcns introduces in the character Of Mr..
Heavydr"p, tn" man who may bc found at any
of the fashionable watering places in the sum
mcr, and in the winter in conspicuous box at
the opera, or at the corners Of the most fashion
able streets, when the most fashionable people
are abroad. Dickens has found him, and taken
n note Oft in the following description;
"lIe was fat old gentleman, with false
complexion, false teeth, false whiskcrs, and
wig. lie had fur collar, and he had padded
breast to his coat, which only wanted a star, or
a broad blue ribbon, to be complete. He was
pinched in and swcllcd out, and got up and
strapped down as much as he could possibly
bear. lie had such a ncck-cloth on Quitting his
very eyes out of their natural slape,) and his
chin and even his ears so sunk into it, that it
seemed as though it must inevitably double up,
if it were cast loose. He had under his arm a
hat of great size and weight shelving downward
from the crown to the brim and in his land a
pair of white gloves, with which he tapped i,
as he stood poised on one leg in a hiyh-shou-
dered, round. .ebowed state of elegance, not to
be surpassed lie had cane, he had an eve
rlass, he had snuff-box, he had rings, he had
Wristbands, he had every thing but a-touch of
nature; he was like nothing in the world but
model of department"
Camden journal. [volume] (Camden, South-Carolina) 1852-1852, 1852-09-03

HEADING OFF THE Rum DR1NKERs--It is pro-
posed by correspondent of the Providence Jour
nal that the alcohol used for mechanical purpo-
ses should be doctored with tarter emetc, to pre-
vent its Use as an intoxicating beverage. The
Journal thinks this is little too bad.
Camden journal. [volume] (Camden, South-Carolina) 1852-1852, 1852-09-03
Our Rail Road Bridge.

We learned yesterday evening, that the Rail Road
Bridge still standing and that all fears for its safe
ty had ceased The water had commenced falling but
the trussel work was still covered.