davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Washington telegraph., 1852-04-28
Total ol up and down fisiEhts aud iu.u.
rance by Railiaad.. ,s., ...,..,ss.... :

Total oi ifsilhts and isufauee by Red
KIfof-uHaHa down, s.4#.,s.,.s...# ..#.# $50 :
Tujal ol ifelHuts and insurance by Aiem-
phis, Up and down. -. 4..s..,,s.,s., a5.s
Washington telegraph., 1852-04-28
wntelles. Je,,elr, 8 sllyerware

wa.hlngton. Sept %. ISL.
Columbus Democrat. [volume] (Columbus, Miss.) 18??-18??, 1852-07-31
TEMPERANCE COLUMN.
From the Crystal Fount.
MAD DOGS

4 few days since considerable excitement wa,
produced in our Heiehboriug town nf North Port
by the cry of "mad dogs" running at large
Several of the canine race said TO have been
bitten by mad cog, were promptly killed by
the citizens, There IL something very alarm.
ing in the cry of "mad dogs T. for the bite. in
many cases, is known to be fatal producing a
most horrible and painful death. The munich.
pal authorities ofmany OF our cities aud towns
prohibit dogs running AT large Ia the bot months,
conceying II 20 he their duty 10 protect the per-
sons aud lives of their iellowcitzens; and should
mad dog appear in tha streets, he s immed.
alely hunted down aud despatched withoar mer>
cy.
Did II never occur to you, reader, that there l.
an animal yeiped "rumseller" 10 be- found in al,
most every town and hamlet in the this wide-
spread Union, whose bite is as fatal nv that of
the mad dog LA bite producing delirium ire.
mems la distss in no respect mlder than by.
drophoba, and equally as terrible in lis result. :
And what would you think, -eader, if large
number Of these fabid animals were suffered,
and even authorized by law to run at large. to
bite people and endauger their vesl Would
you not think II was grossy moons sient 7 Would
you not think il was wrong ouId you not
ny ~ WIS n" "a'asF hp"l h"SfN anu ougn' Hol
to be tolerated for moment Urqueslionahlv
you would. You would say shoot them down
kill them--destroy them immediately. Il does
appear TO Us that il would he equally as reason
able and proper to license mad dogs a. to license
rum,saopsi and equally as necessary for the ac>
rommodaiion OF the public. The drunkard'.
death Ia no less abhorrent 10 our better feelings
han caussd by mad dogs The only difference
between the bite of'he liquor seller aud the mad
iog is that Of time.
Columbus Democrat. [volume] (Columbus, Miss.) 18??-18??, 1852-07-31

DR. Youse's Harry lmPRoSPTu.--Pcrhsp'
the happiesi and most elegant impromplu ever
uttered was The following, by Dr. Young, author
Of the Night Thoughts;
DR.. Young. while yet yonng, and pefhar.
poor, was walking 10 garden tnoi bis own
with Two ladies. when be was sent for by a
wealthy and influential patron who required bis
services as a physician. he. murh prsfering
the present company and occupation, refused 80
90. The ladies' knowing that such refusal
would be very detrimental to his interests. en-
deavored 10 pursuade him TO go and ainy ~
this. objected him from Ihs garden "ri at armi''
The gate closed on him; h. turned and tho,
addressed biz fair comrellsrs
@Thus Adam looked, when from the Garden driven,
And thus disputed orders sent from Heaven,
Like him go--liEe him to 90 am 10Th
Like him go, FOR angels drove US both.
Sad was his fate; but rine still more unkin!--
His Eve vent with him; nains remains behind.
Columbus Democrat. [volume] (Columbus, Miss.) 18??-18??, 1852-07-31
coLUMBus Msslsssppl SATURDAY. svLy a. 1852

! but they have heen usually like lhs shaft G
| AlcesIes, shot into the clouds, rfiecting nothing
--though some have left brilliant trace be.
| hind. Save il from The fanatics brand. and III,
te'on undermining hand of internal corruption
aud our magnificent temple will forever stand,
monument of the heroism and wisdom Of our "a,
theirs, and of the virtue, intelligence and prudence
of their descendants.
From external violence we have nothing "a
tear For 'wiIh freedoms soil beneath our fee l.
what are fifty, what thousand slaves, matched
to the sinews OF the arm that strikes for liberty n
And whilst pure within, and he heart un,ouch-
ed--ne'er yet by force was freedom o'ercome."
From the ancient bane Of republics we have
etfacted a safe devetance. Nay more truly
may say from this thistle danger. we have
pucked the h0wer--satety" Admiration of
heroic achievements, and military prowess, has
ever characterized free people, This passion
has led TO the establishment Of large standing
armies which, like ialhless, treacheIous senti>
nels have turned upon the States they were ere.
aIed to protect and upon their ruins have fixed in
despotism, fayorle chefains, For this defence,
so fraught with peril we have substituted The
citizen sold'er-chvarou efficient in war, use
iul in peace Let the proud invader come! Let
him totally eKterminate cur small, but chivalric
band of regular soIdiery, and he will have bot
plucked single feather from the wing of the
American E,gie; he will atll have mighty ma.
tion Of freemen 10 suhdue men who have not
lost their identity, and who fight not for ucre, or
because they are marshalled in line and drilled
into military machinesi bat for their homes, and
household Itars, their wives. their daughters,
their lady-laves. and more than these--ihan all
TO sape their large hereditary honors from
eternal inhmy.
know that our every heart goes firth in as.
piradon 10 Heaven this day that our beloved
country may ever have such Offenders: 10 give
victory in bate--strength and ornamani in
peace. SO long as she is thus provided il is no,
va in glorious ia us, to claim for bcr--invnci. |
ailitV
Columbus Democrat. [volume] (Columbus, Miss.) 18??-18??, 1852-07-31
POETRY
From the Pennsylvania
DEMOCRATIC ACR0STIC.
BY GARRETT , cuLIN.

rom the gulf Of secession, orr country to save,
egrr1le.s of sneers, stand the trusty and brave;
rrayed in firm column, we wait but the day,
eryed with love for land to engage in the fray
cen eyes and brave hearts chiefs in the field
7. owe Of Union the weapon our country to shield,
7 n Pierce we behold our bright guiding star,
federal calumny ever can mar.
p reserving our forefsthers' dying behest
nyioate over the graves where they rest,
very patriot arm their advice to maintain,
esoyes at all hazard Frank Pierce to sustain:
c a1averous whiggery, shrinking with fright,
ashrouied in gloom, sta-es aghast at the sigh.
As they gaze on democracv's brilliant display,
ow advancing to view in their gallant array,
espairf their hesr,s--they turn trembling away.
When the brand of dissension was lighted by those
I nsatiats monsters--democracy' foes
l. oud murmurs were heard, and our patriots brave
espd anxionsy forth, the lov'd Union to save.
I inspired by heaven, TO the rescue they came,
a nd bv deeds of proud bearing estinguishd the
fame.
NJ idst the ruins of treason, again shines above,
z efulgeni ever, the banner we love.
IS bright stripes and stare and its broad field Of blue'
eclect not the future when warned by the past
6 i've Sernosracy power-the Union will last.
Columbus Democrat. [volume] (Columbus, Miss.) 18??-18??, 1852-07-31

There IL no Gauss for lsmeniation at the Toss
Of Toombs aud stephens or any number Of men
like them. They have been moth aud cur,e
10 the party on which they have inflicted iheif
pretended membership "-Nep London Chroui.
Gle.
This reminds Us OF the lrshman and bis fAb'
hit "Ocb, darlinll end how will eat yet ].
/, boiled, baked, or roasted Fax, i Is good
ye are, cooked any way1" 10 the midst OF the
llibernlan's anticipated ieai.. however, the rab-
BIT escaped--and looking after II, with coun-
tensnce indicative Of the faulty Of attempting
rescue, he exclaimed. "Be Oft wild eye long
legged, half starved, blatnering rascal that
We arel there isent butter enough in tbs
village to grease yer dried.Up carcus and
yer good for nothing nuyhowl"--Nep Haren
Rsgister.
Columbus Democrat. [volume] (Columbus, Miss.) 18??-18??, 1852-07-31

GES PTERcE ~ WHte. The following
says the New Hampshire Patriot, ia an eKusrt
from leiter,writef from tss tuwE, by N.~
York rhig, to a friend in Albany, aud published
in the Albany Argus. The portrait of Gen.
Pierce isa very truthful one except that he is
not "a man ot property" in the usual srcerta
lion Of that phrase. II wonld be well nr the
public, and all worthy enterprises and beneyo.
lent objects. If he was;
Frank Pierce is man of iue address su1
personal appearance, very young looking for lrp
age. There Is nothing Of the aristocrat about
him, but on the contrary, he is one Of the mos'
sfiable and approAehable Of men. As the Old
saying Is, he has a heart liks an oI." He
parse and hand are always open TO The poor and
oppressed. He is man Of property and ha. a
great reputation as lawyer, If there is sub
scrip,ion goi up here for anything, you will al
ways find il headed by Frank Pierce, and for ~
small sum either. He is the peoples man, AMI
l hope be VIII be the peoples President; and
II the people IN other States are as much taken
with the democratic nominee as they arc in
Vermont and New Hampshire, (whigs and ain
Frank Pierce will he the neIt President. His
name Is in cverybody's mnuth. | wish every
young man in the State of New York couli ses
him and become acquainted with him, for | know
they would all like him and would vote Tor
him.
Columbus Democrat. [volume] (Columbus, Miss.) 18??-18??, 1852-07-31

A private letter from an influential American.
dated London. June 24b, 1852. TO the senior
edar Of the Boston Post, says
"1he last steamer from your eide brings US
the intelligence Of the nomination made by the
democratic convention at Baltimore. The news
was eagerly looked for. as The stsampr,the week
before had sailed in the midst Of the doubts
tsing iiom the earlies, bslolings. and am hap
py 10 say that il has been received with great
satisfaction by those Of us here who look to The
oenocraiic party IN the United States as the
worlds pioneer in the cause Of civil liberty. Foi
myself haste not only to tender you my congrsi-
ulalions upon the unity Of sentiment with which
the nomination seems to be received al home.
ant which is the guaranty 10 ~ abroad of the
success which will attend the fall elections. bat
sogive in nv fill adhesion 10 the doctrines which
are the subs,raiauI Of the party. and my desire
10 aid. 90 far as is In my power, in the elevation
70 The presidency Of a man who commands my
entire confidence and my higbes, respect. |
have known General Pierce By reputation for
many years. ,rusr man. an honesieT politician.
a more s;aunch and undertaking democrat, and a
more incorruptibls patriot. the world does not
bod. Ii we're in the United States | would
aAe the stump for him, wherever Providence
'noad place me.
The best men Of Great Britsin--tbe men of
P'ogress and improvement and elevation OF the
masses Ia Europe--are with us, and victory 10
eaf parry At home is new light in the frmameni |
~ ins watchers ard walters for liberT 10 The ]
--"n'irotd-n n he oi1 vorid.'
Columbus Democrat. [volume] (Columbus, Miss.) 18??-18??, 1852-07-31

Nova ScorA During ibe ses.ion Of the
Nova Scotia Legislature Temperance Commit.
tee WAS appointed, to whom was referred The Pc
iiions against the continuance u the liquor irsf
&c. A very able and lucid report was drawn up.
and presented to he house. Il opens with an
avowsl Of the responsibility aud difficulty OF their
tack, and says NO visionary or speculative spirit
moves W. nor have the advocates Of the total
abstinence cause SURRENDERED themselves 10 the
mere impulses Of feeling, 10 the work they have
undertaken. The report svrrs that the lsgislA-
uue has not acted with preeipiiAncy. but have
carefully and cautiously egisl4'ed 90 The SUBJECT
al various times. II sppesrs also that The petit
tons laid before the house. bore the signatures
OF from 1900 to 10000 person.. Notice Is
taken Of an adverse petition from HalifaI, tui Il
is regarded a. embodJiug no facts. but J. ,in'rly
tao expression q an oninion.
Columbus Democrat. [volume] (Columbus, Miss.) 18??-18??, 1852-07-31

G5r The Temperance Advocate says hat there
is party-the rum party Of course--in Rhode
Island who are already agiiaung for the repeal
Of their anti'liquor law. 10 reply to their cry
about the hardships II infcls on iumsellers, and
the difficulties il occasions. il says;
1t can be no hardship for them than for u.,
and as we have submitted FOR years to their ifal-
fic and its consequences, 50 lot them. until the
cry OF heau-broksn wives and brggafed chill
dren shall be heard, denouncing the law; until
death, IN iis thousand fgb,fnl lorms by suicide
exposure murder, violence and brat vi, shall NEE
Us at every corner, IN tirnrs pasi; until star
walton, family discofd, poverty and crime. shall
be seen flowing Ia one coniinuous sream from
this law; IN short, until rs has been the case wiihl
the rum traffic, and the laws ioleIafing and sUss
tainiBg II, The people see by is biuer fruits, i
dreadful effecIs upon domestic aud social bappi-
ness and public prosperity, that II ought 10 be re-
pealed. When see this. shall lace about
and advocate It's repeal. We shall not wait ior
the overwhelming mass Of facts. the cumulative
evidence we have had ol the rum traders results;
nor shall We ask that they be so glariug. 90 dam,
ming, so heart chilling, though ibis we might do
bot give US one or two cases OF similar misery, I
u specimen OF crime as slTocious, an example Of
degradation complete. Of brutality a. re-
voting as the rum trade bas supplied from day |
to day, clearly and Unequivocaliy deducible from
this prohi5iiory law, and We 20 for IT, repeal.
Columbus Democrat. [volume] (Columbus, Miss.) 18??-18??, 1852-07-31

A Good Thing for Amos EsadaH:--h is
difficult to imagine anything like Joke rom he
sober, steady. naiier-of fact Amos kendall tsi
a North Carolina paper relates an Aneer0'e oi
him that w- think viii pace While he ~as
Postmaster Generai, the people Of one Of the Up
per ooUuiies. Of NOHh Csfolins Psiitionrd io'
The establishments of a nee post ofice, 70 be To-
eaied between two localities called By The rsts.
er odioBs names Of .'Pulecat" and 'S'inking
Quarter" The applicants being unable TO a.
gee among themselves as to the name of their
new Office. referred that point 70 VI. kfnSah.
He promptly established he ofice, and called =
~Hsnshorn."
Columbus Democrat. [volume] (Columbus, Miss.) 18??-18??, 1852-07-31

The WAY OF THE TRAEsGREssoR. high
y estosmed clergyman furnishes US with The FOL-
lowing well authenticated fact. \ few week,
since three gentlemen met in the bsr-room Of a
tavern in Springfield, Illinois, when the subject
Of liquor drinking was considered.
They agreed with each other that they would
continue to be free men, and drink until death.
They fulfilled the contract, and in less than four
weeks from that date they were all in eternity.
The last Of tho three was carried to the grnye
Of the drunkard on a dray, unattended by Sin.
gle mourner. One, If not two of these men,
had been prominent and worthy citizens.
Such facts as these ought to awaken tho pub
lie mind and induce every honest man. woman
and child to be importuna,e for "a law to utterly
annhilaie the liquor ,raf'ic.--Org. Ten Reform.
Columbus Democrat. [volume] (Columbus, Miss.) 18??-18??, 1852-07-31

THr DEArH or A DRuNKARp. If there Is a
spectacle on earth more melancholy than nnoll.
en- il is the death Of drunkafd Friends turn
away in despair from such a scene. nor linger to
catch the last whisper Of the wretch whose
scarcely percsptble breath Is mpreg aicd with
the fumes of the poison, that has destroyed both
sou and body. When the las, spark has -xpir.
ed, and the soul has taken its departure from the
poIlGled tabernacle which for time imprisoned
il, aud few careless ones, OF duty Of humanity,
convey tho cold clay TO ts last resting place, II
voice seems audlbly to proclaim in accents fresh
from the eternal world--No hopel 40 hopel Not.
whstandlng scenes OF this kind daily occur,
thousands seem to be- striving with their fellows
for part in tho melancholy tragedy The old
and the young are recording their names on this
pass book 10 hell, and i, would appear from their
acts as though each were striving 10 be hrs, on
the list Of victims We envy them not. Great
God deliver US from such iaie.--Age.
Columbus Democrat. [volume] (Columbus, Miss.) 18??-18??, 1852-07-31

The New York Mirror, Whig, IN noticing The
letters Of the Democratic nominees, accepting
the nominations. Gays: They are both oPen'
manly expressions, every way worthy ihe chossH
leaders ola powerful and intelligent party. ihr
writer's Of such letters will have 70 be bealen
by other weapons than lies and Tulgariiy.
Columbus Democrat. [volume] (Columbus, Miss.) 18??-18??, 1852-07-31

Henry CLAY AND JouN RANDOLPH. The
Boston Journal thus alludes 10 the duel Of Ioha
Randolph and Mr.. Clay; an act which the latter
regretted all his life, hul to which be provoked by
one Of The mo.l wanton and medialed assaults
ever made upon public man;
"I'he particulars of The duel are well known.
The eccentric descendant of Pocahonias appesr-
ed on he ground in a huge morning gown
ihm garmept constituted such vast circumfc,
renee that the locality Of the swarthy Senator
was at least matter Of very vague CONJECTURE.
The parties exchanged shots, and The ball OF Mr..
Clay biz the centre of the visible object, but NJ.
Randolph YVES not there The latter had 1trd
in tho air, and Immediately after the change Of
the shots bc walked to Mr. Clay, parted the fOldt
Of his gown, pointed to he hole where the bullet
Of the former had pierced his coat, and in the
shrillesi tones OF his piercing voice, exclaimed,
Mr.. lay, you owe me a cos,--you owe mo a
coat 10 which Mr. Clay replied in a voice of
slow and solemn emphasis, ais the same time
pointing directly at Mr.. Randolpb's heart, 'ht.
Randolph thank God thai am no dseper in
your debit"
Il is surprising that any Virginia journal
should re publish this silly story. u tis suppIis
ing TINT any grown up man In America should
credit II. HENRY CLAY and ions RAsDoLPH
never degraded themselves by enaciing tho n
dIculous scene described above. On the occs-
sion referred to- they behaved like digni6ed
men, and not with the irivolty Of idiots. The
whole scene described above 10 a sheer fabica
ton, AZ every man may learn by consulting sny
authentic account OF tho duel beiween Raj
poLpM and CLAy.-Ed. S. s. Den.
Columbus Democrat. [volume] (Columbus, Miss.) 18??-18??, 1852-07-31
WHO rs FRANKLIN'PIERCEt


Inc ahn7e OF me wing journals OF the Seward
stamp 'ao"S plainly that their editors know Gen.
flrIr' wen ana are a'Iad Of nm a. they we're
"l Yen. eeksoh ana Col. fok but we VIII
1atJ those tdltofs 10 me counter as base coin, by
'cnn. ot witnesses 'ney dare not coniroVeH
foa nave = Young man growing up in your
S'at'. me young Franklin Fierce that viii be-
h'iafe ha Is sky Years ol age, man tor The
D'moc' acY. "ihon, 'he Denagogue.D
H'ate" JickS'a 70 1en huoodrd.
when '."s'1'n' ro'k signed the commission
on 'FrH' FFte+' h'p9lnHhg MN 70 command IN
"e army ID exec ne turned to Gen. Armstrong
H'' Nf "a'Nf', 'no .a'o' am no0 commits
S'oHi9g a man ~ho 'lf one day De President"
y '"oE npon Franklin Pierce as one OF The
noel 'e"aple mans ~ statesman and patriot,
mat me country mas produced - q Calhoun
YEN SCOTT VPlHioN OF "EN' fiERcE'--'
Rho" MAJ inuch anxiety ana many trials are TO
~ passed 'ar"9Rh before the ralhcat'on ot the
poop" WI p7 heaid' Nhethef II shall CONFIRM
'ue He'i'n o. 'H7 c0A'rntIon or no' shall be sat-
..A'o' iof NH'0 Il WiiI oe conferred upon nan
''7'''"E '"u' '""pis"cs ~, ~" support
Lac Wash"gto" speech.
"N" say "'aou' o'Sparagemen' TO any that
'' nomination "h'ch mas been made is destined
AIRY "Hh qoie IS n'uth' II moi more, In
'''NGe III 'he e'ec''on' tnan any o'her mat could
N-'' ''r" "laue' J. i'egard uen F1eTceS eieo'
'''H az heL " oerfdm.-lJohn Iyer.
'r'' r'e'ce 9as Do'h aD''l.y ana generous
4Da''.es' aho eIec'eu 70 we highest ONCE 10
rae giH ol twenty-five millions OF people, will
i'n 'ieSs secure honor 10 himself his ofiIee, and
,hT country II C0ngregmaonoI Journal, edited
oy wing.
r'a"h'n ieree is "Hhou' oount' ono OF the
aofeS' NE" 10 me Democrane parry
mancheSter ~ NJ Ado, whig.
"en. f'efce IS en'hied TO respect and conf
nence. lie mas the rare and high qualification
Di ra'hrr summing man seeking oihcial promo !
lnh' Everything nave known or heard Of
Zen flercr, mas been IN his iavor."--N \.
freeman journal
Il know ten Fierce we'l-hs is the very |
nan Tor the imes-he has always commanded the
attention OF The American Senate when he spoke
and he has the intellectual publications nee
'ssary TO render MS Administration OF the Gov
'rnment U'se, dbte and succeSStW.'
kfoH Jas. Buchdnan.
6enefal Pierce has n position, on which every
democrat can rally lie was the special friend
Il New fork's great statesman, Silas Wright
nd oi 6en. Ca-s and President Polk. He is the
on OF Gen. BehJamin Pierce OF New Hamp.
hire, soldier "t distinction Ia 76. who was
Governor several times. Franklin Pierce served
,r several Congresses IN the U 5. House of
Representatives, and Senator five years, enjoying
Columbus Democrat. [volume] (Columbus, Miss.) 18??-18??, 1852-07-31
DEPARTMENT OF WAR,
WAsHIYoroN, Nov % 1923.


SIR: It is not the purpose Of the President to
take any special order in relation 10 your late
very rspreheasibie conduct, until sufficient time
shall have elasped for The receipt Of your de lib.
crate answer 10 the letter addressed to you from
this department on the 18th inst. The nature Of
that order will, as you perceive, depend in
great measure on the character Of the answer
received from YOU
70 pu, a stop in the meantime to Tho course
Of INSTRUMENTATION ia which you have deemed
fit to indulge, the President directs that from the
receipt Of this letter you will consider yourself
as suspended from the command Of The western
department of the army until bis further pleas.
or. shall be made known TO you.
Gen. Atkinson has accordingly bsen directed
by order OF this date, to assume that command.
| have the honor to he your oh't servh.
PETER B. PORTER
Secretary Of War.
To Brevei Maj Gen. WINFIELD Scorr..
U. ). Army, Cincinnati.
Columbus Democrat. [volume] (Columbus, Miss.) 18??-18??, 1852-07-31

or We find going the rounds Of the papers
The following letter. II will be remembered that
ii was written hy order Of Mr.. Adams Admin
istrslion, Of chich 5Gr Clay gds part. Il is
stated that the cause of it was the refusal Of
Gen. Sect, TO OBEY orders phich he pds sworn
10 - hecsuse Gen. McComb was appointed
Comm 'r-in Chief, instead Of himself. Truly
IN officer whose conduci justified such letter as
this, must have but little common scensr." as
ihs nanner onre iniimaIsA Of Gen. Scott:
Columbus Democrat. [volume] (Columbus, Miss.) 18??-18??, 1852-07-31

An exchange paper commenced paragraph
thus-"A finished scamp" We shead be gas
- havs II s,snps faish-5
Columbus Democrat. [volume] (Columbus, Miss.) 18??-18??, 1852-07-31
GRAFTON DELIVERED by
CAPT. A. K. BLYTHE

AT THE CELEBRATION or TAE FOURTH OF JULY.
ls52, BY THE COLUMBUS RIFLEmEN.
(Pablisssd al the request Of the Company
Columbus Democrat. [volume] (Columbus, Miss.) 18??-18??, 1852-07-31
TEIE DBMDCRAI.
.rargasp EVERY SATURDAY MORNING. BY
H.H. WORTHINGTONS s. SON.

,o-r,or-S,uth Side of Min Stret, one door iOesf
of n. Eclipse Liverp Stable. Columbus, Miss,
Columbus Democrat. [volume] (Columbus, Miss.) 18??-18??, 1852-07-31
TERMS.

TERMS.
For the paper, Thres dollars per annum IN sd-
,,ocs Four dollars if payment IS delayed I'LL the
srd Of the year.
No pooer discontinued except at the option Of the
,pb,i.her. until all srrearages are paid
.avr,isements at the regular charge, will be one
.o,srs Of ten lines or less. for the first In
..,,on, and fly cents for each subsequent one.
Advertisers BY the year will be contracted with
on liberal terms
Legal advertisements full rates
Yearly advertisements payable sem-snnually in
advance