Loudon free press. (Loudon, Tenn.) 1852-1855, 1852-12-11

US lncOrporatlon into the Union at the mesent
time as fraught with serious peril.
Were this Island comparatively destitute of
lnha6ltants, or occupied by kindred race.
should regard it, if voluntarily eeded by Spain,
as a most desirable acquisition. But. under ex-
listing circumstances, should look upon its in
corporation into our Union as very hazardous
measure 1t would bring into the Confederacy
a populiatlon OF different national stock, speak
my different language, and not likely to har-
monlze with the other members. 1t would prob
ably affect IN preludicial manner the industri-
al interests of the South; and it might revive
those conflicts of opinion between the different
sections OF the country, which lately shook the
Union to its centre, and which have been so
happily compromised.
TEHUANTEPEC AND NIAGARA DIFFICULTIES.
The rejection of the Mexican Congress of the
Convention which had been concluded between
that Republic and the United States for the
protection OF a transit way across the Istbmus of
Tehuantepec and of the interests of those citi
zens OF the United States who had become pro-
prietors of the rights which Mexico had confer
red on one of her own citizens in regard to that
transit, has thrown a serious obsticle in the vav
of the attainment of a very desirable national
object. | am willing to hope that the differen-
ces on the subject which exist, or may hereafter
arise, between the governments, will be AMIGA
bly, adjusted. The subject, however, has already
engaged the attention of the Senate of the Uni.
ted States, and requires no further comment in
this communication.
The settlement of the question respecting the
port of San Juan de Nicaragua, and the contro-
yersy between the republics of Costa RIGA and
Nicarauga in regard TO their boundaries, was
l.. L III.
of the ship canal between the two oceans, which
was the subject of the Convention between the
United States and Great Britain of the 10Th of
April, 1850. Accordingly a proposition for the
purpose addressed to the two governments in
that quarter, and to the Mosquito Indians, was
agreed to in April last by the Secretary of
State and the Minister OF her Britannia Majesty
Besides the wish to aid in reconciiicg the differ
ences Of the two republics, | engaged in the ne
gotiation from desire to place the great work
of ship canal between the two oceans under
one jurisdiction, and to establish the important
port Of San Juan de Nicaragua under the gov
eminent of civilized power. The proposition
in question was assented to by Costa Rica
and the Mosquito Indians. 1t has not proved
equally acceptable to Nicaragua, but it is to be
hoped that the further negotiations on the sub
ect which are in train will be carried on in that
spirit Of Cancellation and compromise which
ought always to prevail on such occasions, and
that they will lead to a satisfactory result
RELATIONS IN SOUTH AMERICA.
have the satisfaction to inform you that ex-
ecutive government of Venezuela has aknowl-
ged some claims of the citizens of the United
States, which have for many years past been
urged by our charge dafiaires at Caracas 1t
70 hot ha of
tuate the Congress of that Republic in providing
the means for their payment.
The recent revolution in Buenos Ayres and the
confederated States having opened the prospect
of an improved state of things in that quarter,
the governments of Great Britain and France
determined to negotiate with the chief of the
new Confederacy for the free access of their
commerce to the extensive countries watered
by their tributaries of the La Plata; and they
gave friendly notice of this purpose to the
United States, that we might if we thought
proper pursue the same course. In compliance
with this invitation, our minister at Rio Janeiro
and our charge d'affaires at Buenos AyreS have
been fully authorized to conclude treaties with
the newly-organized Confederation or the
States composing it. The delays which have
taken place in the formation of the new govern
ment have as vet prevented the execution of
those instructions; but there is every reason to
hope that these vast countries will eventually
be opened to our commerce.
treaty of commerce has been concluded be-
tween the United States and the Oriental Re-
public of Uruguay, which will be laid before
the Senate. Should this Convention go into
operation, it will open to the commercial enter
prise of our citizens a country of great extent
and unsurpassed by natural resources but from
which foreign nations have hitherto been almost
wholly excluded.
The correspondence of the hate Secretary OF
State with the Peruvian charge d'afaires rela-
tive to the Lobos Islands was communicated to
Congress toward the close of the last session.
Since that time, on further investigation of the
subject, the doubts which had been entertained
of the title of Peru to those islands have been
removed; and | have deemed it just that the
temporary wrong which had been unintention-
ally done her, from want of information, should
be repaired by an unreserved acknowledgment
of her sovereignty.
| have the satisfaction to inform you that the
course pursued by Peru has been credi:able to
the liberality of her government. Before it was
known by her that her title would be aclnowl-
edged at Washington, her Minister of Foreign
Affairs had authorized our charge daffaireS at
Lima to announce to the American vessels which
had gone to the Lobos for guano, that the Pc
ruvian Government was willing to freight them
on its own account. This intention has been
carried into effect by the Peruvian Minister here,
by an arrangement which is believed to be ad-
vantageous to the parties in interest.
COMMERCE ON THE PACIFIC.
Our settlement on the shores of the Pacific
have already given great extension, and in
some respects a new direction, to our commerce
in that ocean. A direct and rapidly-increasing
intercourse has sprung up with Eastern Asia. The
waters of the Northern Pacific, even into the
Arctic sea, have of late years been freqHented
by our whalemen. The application Of steam to
the general purposes of navigation is becoming
daily more common, and makes it desirable to
obtain fuel and other necessary supplies at con-
venient points on the route between Asia and
our Pacific shores. Our unfortunate country
men who from time to time suffer shipwreck on
the coasts of the eastern seas are entitled to
protection. Besides these specific objects, the
general prosperity Of our States on the Pacific
requires that an attempt should be made to open
the opposite regions of Asia to mutually ben
eficial intercourse 1t is obvious that this at
tempt could be made by no power to so great ad-
vantage as by the United States, whose constitu-
tional system excludes every idea Of distant CO
lonial dependencies. | have accordingly been
led to order an appropriate naval force to Japan