The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1852-04-09


the revolutionary committees of the Continent ON the
duties OF the European democracy. The speech and
the manifesto are in the characteristic vein of the
most impractical and dreamy enthusiast of them all
They are still deserving of attention, as ind
eating the continued existence Of central organiza
ton Of the continental refugees in England, ope-
rating as far they can, to iname and to organize
the revolutionary materials of France, Germany,
and Italy while Kossuth still maintains the cry on
ths side Of the Atlantic, for Intervention, ana
material and financial aid, in the cause Of Hun
gary. Tie grand object Of the one ia to make Italy
q repubc-the mission Of the other is to make a
republic Of Hungary-and both to rise out Of the
dust, and ashes, and desolation Of general Euro
pean war. The war must come fsst between the
unarmed people and the armed and disciplined
powers Of despotism. And what il the prospect for
such war?
At this day, after the experience and the expert
nents We have had in European repubicanism, the
mission whether Of hazzn in England, or of Kosuth
in the United States in behalf Of what they call the
solidarity Of the peoples" dwindles into ridicu
lous delusion-a ptiful absurdity There is no
solidarity-no rallying point-no plan--no power Of
cohesion--no means Of action, among the repnb-
hcans OF the Continent. They are circumvented
subdued, and powerlcss. What was not accom-
plshed by the reaction of ls49, has been done, and
done most effectively, by the coup d'etat of 1851
The power which, by the sudden and rapid revolu
tionary movements Of 1913, was seized by the revo-
lutonists and thrown away, they will not soon
have the means or the occasion to possess again
When they submitted to be disarmed by kinglv
promises, they submitted to an indefinite resto
but they could not build up. The people were not
ripe, not adapted to, not qualified for, and could
not comprehend, the meager simplicity of republican
institutions. From the dark ages, and beyond The
dark ages--from the Reformation, and ever since
the Reformation, the people Of Europe had inherited
the divine right Of kings and the duties of obcdi
ence. Ignorance, dependence, nationality, super
stition, and tradition were all against them and
when the powers Of sovereignty were placed in their
hands they recoed at their sacriegious usurpation,
ard restored their authority to its ancient nstru-
ments, by the grace of God. Such was the practi-
cal issue Of the otherwise successful revolutions of
lS4S
But Nazzini does not despair. The blunders of
lS4S may be repaired--a new and more thorough re-
evolutionary revulsion may be inaugurated upon the
ruins of the last; and by united, preconoerted and
consistent action, the CossaeEs may yet be put
down, and Europe made republican. He arraigns
the socialists having thus far destroyed the good
cause and their bloody programme for reducing
society to barbarism, certainly had potent inAu-
ence in destroying the called French Republic and
in restoring the absolute system of the Empire the
choice Of evils Unfortunately however, the discovery
is made too late reparaton. Executions, dun
geons exile confscations, and deportatons, the
bitter fruits of the poisonous seeds of socialism The
work is done. Never were revolutionary principles
SO completely acknowledgements were the prospects
of a revolutionary rising on the Continent hope
less now. Yet Maxzini does not despair. He
does, however, seem to despair of France, in con-
Tossing that her movement depends upon the
movement of Europe. This gives q hopeless aspect
indeed to the whole cause for France has always
sumed the initiative in European republicanism since
the Reign of Terror She led of most calamity in l843
and in the plan Of the projected general instruction
for 1862, the signal was to come from France. 1t
was universally expected that the occasion would
be the Presidential election of May, as provided for
in the constitution of ~. Now that the coup detat
has destroyed This arrangement, and is carrying
back the m0ckery Of the Republic into the solidity
Of the Empire as fast as possible, the imaginative
Italian proclams that France having ceased to act
upon Europe, Europe must react upon France.
What n vain dreamer is this What builder Of
republican castles in the clouds "The whole Of
democratic Europe must now id France in reco-
vering her position, she formerly oided Europe"
Where s this democratic Europe! How is it to act
II is nowhere-it is destroyed--it can do nothing
it must wait upon Providence. Europe is not de-
mo cratic. Even France has never been republican
never. Under all forms, and all DISCUSSES, her
government has been despotic, OH oligarchy, or
an absolute monarchy, like ancient Rome. France
has never been satisfied long with the maine of
republic She is not now--it must be the Empire
republic cannot be made by a bloody overthrow
OF despotic power. Extermnate the despots and
the ignorant masses Of the people will still remain
incapable Of selfgovernment as before. The only
nation of Europe qualified, to any practical extent,
for republican government is Great Britain;
and she is thus qualified from the slow progress
Of a thousand years of steady resormations, step
by step. The success of this great republic il
due to it's lessons Of progress and political edu-
cation inherited from England. II was the re-
public which made the American revolution OF
l716, and not the revolution which created
the republic. The elements existed BEFORE and
the revolution only put them INTO praeticai
shape. The experience of the South American re-
publics and Mexico illustrate very aptly the folly Of
prosuming that the bayone is sufficient to establish
the blessings Of popular sovereignty and the capa-
cities for selfgovernment.
The truth is that excepting, perhaps, swtzer-
land aud the people Of several Of the smaller
northern nations, the continent Of Europe is not
yet fit at all for republican institutions does not
understand them, and does not want them, for
fear of the excuses Of socialism and infdelity.
Nazzini, in his tpcoch at Manchester, declares
that his frcia Of the Italian republic does not
alone involve the deposition Of the Pope as q
temporal ruler, bat his overthrow as the head Of
his church. There is to be no more Pope, temporal
or spiritual. This declaration Of war against His
Holiness increases the magnitude Of Na,zns revo.
lationary plans to the height Of the ridiculous and
II nfa1t