The national era. [volume] (Washington [D.C.]) 1847-1860, 1852-12-23

Is46 I6,56S2iT lI3l,22
1911 8 400. 100 jj5.62
I5lS IL3IId29 Sj7O3
1919 1862 OPP l1773i
1880 1850 7g4 lGSt. so
By tLia stahaucnt it il shown that the guam
y'ty % wool brought INTO the country of lat
yonrs amounts 10 almost Ono-tbird part Of tina
rT0iuOed p /, While at former periods, rs iron
1871 and lS45, the quantity WAS nearly one
mIr The largest proportion OF this importe,
wool VIVA chiefly from Buenos AyrcS, and The
peishhoring State on tho Rio dc IL Plata, ant
Il Of coarse and cheap variety, costing from
xix tD eight cents por pound. Ii viii be Away
cheaper ~ bring thi, kind Of wool from regions
where sheep are ronrcd without care or labor
than 81 produce IL 40 nome bat there is ma
country IN ME world in which sheep may, 10y
iudjoIoHs treatment be- made a source of great
~ ucalth md oomiart 10 its inhabitants than
the Un,tod States.
The inportations Of wool in IS49 and 1850
r<libit remarkable increase over the preee-
dug or uny lormor year, amounting in quantity
10 3I.54S 1913 pounds, and to the value Of
23s00O00
Fks0t-Iho principal districts of the United
Sta,o7 IA which thi3 important gain is produo-
ed Ju the GREATEST abundance and forms n lead
iag ar.lclr 81 commerce., embrace the States IT
Now (ork, Now Jersey Pennsylvania Della
ware Maryland Virginia Ono Kentucky
Michigan, Indiana Illinois, Missouri, Wisoon-
sin, and Iowa. Tho chof varieties cultivated
in the Northern and Eastorn States are the
white flint ten, Lborian, bald, Black pea. and
the Italian spring wheat In the Middle and
Western States, the Mediterranean, the Virginia
white May, the bluo stem, the Indiana the
kentuoky white hearcd, tho old red chat. and
tho Talawera. The yiold varies from ten 10
forty bushels and upwards, pOr acre weigh
my nor bushol from iifty-eight to sixty -seven
pounds.
Il appAnn that on the whole crop Of tho Uni
t"d Stntes there WAS . gain during the ten
ycnrs Of 1868, 1878 bushcs Tho Drop of New
England decreased from 2Ol40OO to ,O78 600
bushels, exhibiting II decline Of 936 900 bush
els, and indicating that the attention of farmers
has been much Withdrawn from the culture of
wheat. Grouping the States from tho Hudson
90 the Potomac, including the District of Co
iulnbia, ID appears that they produced in 1S49
5bOS0,6 900 bGAhe!S against 29936, 900 in 1899
la Virginia, thcrO wa- al increase Of |, 1913, 900
bushels These Statos embrace the Oldest
wheat growing region of tho country, and that
in which the soil and climate seom to be adapt-
~ 10 promote tho permanent culture of the
grain, The increase Of production in tho ten
years has been 6272, 600 bushels, equal to 1876
par cent The area Of titled land in these
States IL 10000 900 acres, only thirty por cent
of tho whole amount returned-while the pro
portion Of wheat produced is forty ak per cent.
la North Carolina there has been an increase
oC 10000 bushels but in the Southern States
EauoralIy there was - considerable decrease
ldrnua Illinois, Michigan, and Wisconsin
contributed TO the general aggregate under the
Sixth Con-us, only $500, 900 bushels; under
the last they are shown to have produced up.
wnrds Of 25,00O GOO bushels an amount equal
10 tho v hole increase IN tho United States for
the period
When wa SEQ the growth IF whoat keepng
mp with the progress Of population in tho oldest
States of thu Union, we need have no appre
hcnsiou Of u decline ~ tho cultivation of this
important crop
According 30 tho census of 1910, the wheat
crop Of tho United States amounted To
~ S23 2s2 bushels in lSlQ, according TO the
census or 1880. 100 500 500 bushels, although
Ia some Of the largest whcat-grow,ng States
the crops Of 1870 fell far below che average.
In tho Htalo of Ohio, especially, was there
great deficiency, and was made apparent by
thc rrturns of the wheat crop for the ensuing
year. made IN pursuance of an net Of tho
Legislature col that State From thu almost
ualter-eli leturns OF "ahort crop by the mar
shal5 iu that state, IN 1919 which fell below
ihut of 1899 tNo millions Uf bushels and tlc
arorrtaiurd crop oc 1880 wa are fully satisfied
that tho average wheat crop of Ohio would
appear thirty per cent greater than shown by
the census returns. Tho samo Causes which
operated 10 diminish tho wheat orop of Ohio
were not without their elect upon that of other
Sh,tns, bordering on the upper portion of the
valley Of the Mississippi.
Tho ln;ctios Of Auorioan wheat exhibited
1t tho Wurid's Fair were superior to most
others presented for competition; and a prize
medal WA aWa.dad To- thoexhibitor of species
from tho Genc,eo valley.
RVc.--Iho three leading varieties cultivated
ga the United Statos arc the Spring Winter
and Southern--tha lattor differing from tho
othors only from dlssimisrity Of climate. The
yiad varies from 10 to 70 or more bushels per
acre, weighing from As 10 So pounds 70 tho
bushel The production Of rye has decreased
IIj70OO bushels IN the aggregate hat in New
York IT il greater than in 1910, by about forty
lGr cont Pennsylvania, which il the largest
producer has fallen off from 66l3,373 10
I,sO5, 100 hushols. Perhaps the general dimi.
mutton IN the quoutity of this grain now pro
duced, may be- accounted for 10y apposing a
corresponding decline in the demand for dis
tlling purposes 10 which large part of the
crop If applied.
This gram has noyor entered largely into
our foreign commerce., az the home conSump-
ton for long period nearly kept pace with
the supply. Tho amount exported from the
United States IN 1901 waa 392, 276 bushels
IN 1912, 82.705 bushels in 1919, $40 SO bush
ola. In lS2O-'2l, there were exported 23,523
barrels OF rye -four in lS30-'3l, 1900 bar
rails; lSi0-Al 1tOSl barrels; in 1886,
$500 barrcls; in lSi6-47, 1892 barrels in
1880 81, a. i52 barrels During tho year
ending Jun" /, 1880, there were consumed Of
rye about 2,I4l 900 bushels in the manufacture
of malt and spirtuous liquors
According 20 tho census returns of 1870 the
product Of the country WAS 1865, 567 bushels
ia 1850 ID 1888 1877 bushels
Maise or Indian C0rH-The varieties OF I'm.
dian corn are worry numerous, exhibiting every
grade of size, color, and conformation, between
the chubby reed" that grows on the shores
Of Lake Suporior-the gigantic stalks OF tho
Ohio Valey-the tiny carr, with fiat, close,
clnging grains Of Cannda--the brilliant round
cd little pcarl--tho bright red grams and white
cob Of tho eight-rowed h@malite---thc swelling
cara Of the big white and tho yellow gourd-seed
Of tho South From tho feasibility of this
plant, II may DO acclimatiacd, by gradual cul-
ovation, from Texas to Maine, or from Canada
10 Brazil but its character, in either case, il
somewhat changed, and often new varieties arc
the result The blades Of the plant are of great
value ~ food for stock, and IN an article but
rarely estimated sufficiently, when considering
Of tho agricultural products Of the Southern
and Southwestern States especially.
The increase OF production from is4o TO