Green-Mountain freeman. [volume] (Montpelier, Vt.) 1844-1884, 1852-12-09


lace in the formation Of the new governments
ayo "a vet nreyented the execution oi tnose n
Instructions: but there is every reason 10 nope ~
hat these vast countries will be eventually opehea
o our commerce. - nol,1ed i
A treaty of commerce has been concluded
,o,woon The limited States and the Onen'ai
snuhic of Uruguay, which will be ald oeiote
tbe Senate Should this Dongentlon go mo
nnara,ion il will open to the commercial enter
nr;se of our citizens country OF great extent
] nA nnsurnassed in natural resources, Out iIoni
which foreign nations have hitherto Oeeh uil'os'
wholly excluded. coo.o,orv If
Ths corresnondence Of the late Secretary OIL
State wibthe Peruvian charge dalialres rci1"V'
To the Iob)s Islands was communicates " w"
oress towards the close OF the last Sess'o .n
Since that time, on further AVes''gd'lo' "
subject. The doubts which had oeen eh'e''u
Of the title OF Peru to those ls'ahGs n"s1 ~. ~
removed: aud have deemed II JUST .t.as ILL.,
4 ,mporary wrong which had been nh'i'tel''Un0 h
done her, from want OF Information, snou,u ~
rppaired by an unreseryed acknowledgment v
her sovereignty 49,, ror that the
have the satisfaction to inform you tndI 'le
course pursued by Peru has been G,e "a :. "
the Iiberany of her government pe.''o .n H.
known BY her that her title wou'u oo Thn;,"o
lodged at Washington, her minister -, " a. 90. i
Affairs had authorized our charge ul%i .,b;sh
I1na 10 announce to the American Vesee'o d.
had gone to the Lobostn guano' tnat ,'e
nIon Governnent was wiling to freight tue1l on
s'a" acconnt This intention has been car
rod inio eject by the Peruvlan y lySSn4sJ.5
! bv an arrangement which IS 9elie@e$~lo ue y
yantapeous % the partiesIin tnAerest p..;a.
| kac tizf
i somidYI ,t,, ,!Tz5.i1Fc
inter, t s IN ~ with Eastern Asia.
The waiefs 81 lie Northern Pacific, even into
the Arctic sea, have Of late years been frequent
| ted by our whaemen. The application OF steam
: to the general purposes OF navigation Is becom'
ing daily more common, and makes 1t desirable
to obtain fuel and other necessary supplies at
, convenient points on the rout between ASA and
t our Pacific shores. Oar unfortunate countrymen
who from time TO time suffer shipwreck on the
coasts of t eastern seas are entitled to prutec-
ton. Besides these specific objects, the general
prosperity OF our Suites on the Pacific requires
that an attempt should be made to open the
opposite region Of Asia to u mutually beneficial
intercourse. 1t is obvious that this attempt
could be made by no power to so great advantage
} us by the United States, whose constitutional
1 system excludes every idea CT distant colonial
? dependencies. have accordingly been led to
: order an appropriate naval force 10 Japan, under
the command Of a discreet and intelligent officer
of the highest rank known to our service. He Is
instructed to endeavor 10 obtain from the govern
> ment of that county some relaxation OF the
5 unacceptable and anlsociul system which 1t has
t pursued for about two centuries He has been
od % N
S est language against the cruel treatment to
. which our shipwrecked mariners have often been
subjected and to insist that they shall be treated
with humanity He is instructed however at
: the same time to give that government the am.
p'cst assurances that the objects Of the United
, States are such and such only as have indlca-
) led, and that the expedition is friendly ard
peaceful, Notwithstanding the Jealousy with
. which the government Of Eastern Asia regard
d all overtures from foreigners, am not without
l. hopes # beneficial result Of The expedition
c Should it be crowned with success the advantages
will not be confined to the United States, but, as
e IN the case of China, will be equally enloyeda-65y
all the other maritime powers. | have much
satisfaction is stating that in all the steps pre-
d paraOry to this expedition the Government 81
h he United States has been materially aided by
the good offices of the King OF the Netherlands
n the only European power having any commeri.
d cal relations with Japan.
il In passing from this survey of our foreign
81 relat MS invite the attention OF Congress tc
the condition of that de oil the Govern
Id ment to which this branch of the public bust
10 ness is entrusted. Our intercourse with powers
At has Of late years greatly increased both IN con-
J. sequence of our own growth and the iutroduc-
?, lion OF many new States into the family of ma
= tons. In this way the Department of State
d has become overwhelmed. 1t has by the recent
S establishment OF the Department of the Interior
II been relieved of some portion OF the domestic
Il business, If the residue of the business of that
It kind such as the distribution Of Congressional
documents. the keeping, publishing and dis
i iributi0n Of tho laws OF the United States, the
execution of the copyright law, the subject OF
j, reprieves and parduns, and some other sub jecls
relating to interior administration, should be
transferred from the Department of State, it
$ would unquestonably be for the benefit Of The
: public services. would also suggest that the
building appropriated to the State Department is
not fire proof that there is to think there
are defects in its construction, and that the
archives OF the Government in charge OF the
Department, with the precious collection of the
, manuscript papers of Washington, Jefferson,
: Hamilton, Madison, and Monroe, are exposed to
destruction by fire. A similar remark may be
made OF the buildings appropriated TO the War
and Navy Departments,
/ The condition OF the Treasury is exhibited in
; the annual report from that Department.
; The cash receipts into the Treasury for he
: fiscal year ending the Both June last exclusive
: OF trust funds, were $40 728 1856 80, and the
expenditures for the same period, likewise ex.
} elusive of trust funds, were SAG ,007 1896 20, of
which S9,455 Sl5 81 was on account Of the
principal and interest Of the pablo debt, iDclu-
ding the last instament Of the indemnity to
Mexico, under the treaty Of Guadalupe HdaIgc.
eaving balance of $l4 632, 1876 81 in the
Treasury on the first day OF July last Since
this latter period, farther purchases OF the prin.
clpal OF the public debt have been made to the
extent of $2456,547 49, and the surplus in the
treasury will continue to be applied to that object
whenever the stock can be procured within the
limits, as to price, authorized by law.
The value Of foreign merchandise imported
during the last fiscal year was 1907 240 lOI
and the value of domestic productions exported
! 'vas 81 564r0ll s~besldes $l7.204, 026 of for
elgn merchandise exported; making the aggre-
gate of the entire exports $I67 ,O65, OBJ exclu-
slve of the above there was exported $42 ,5O7,.
2o5 in specie ; aud imported from foreign ports
S., S62,643
In my first annual message to Congress called
your attention to what seemed to me some defects
in The present tadff, and recommended such
notifications as in my Judgment were best adapt
ed to remedy its evils and promote the prospect
ty OF the country. Nothing has since occurred
10 change my views on this important question.
Without repeating the arguments contained
IN my former message, in favor of discriminating
protective duties, deem it my duty to call your
attention TO one or two other considerations
affecting the subject The fist u.s. the effect of
large importa ons of foreign gold upon our
currency Most OF the gold Vi California, as fast
as 1t Is coined, finds lis way directly 10 Europe
~ payment for goods purchased In the ancnnd