The daily union. [volume] (Washington [D.C.]) 1845-1857, 1852-03-25

naval Stores corn grain and provisions from their ports
70 the ports OF France" They also engaged "o take
All other measures IN their power for nuring the
mefce ot france, and 10 unite all their efforts ito pre-
psnt oner poWers moi implicated ia the from giving
any protection whatever, directly indirectly, in
qasnes fheT neutrality, to the commerce or property
o. tbe french on NE sea IN the ports OF France"
GU Well know Mr.. President that in the celebrated
treaty OF Utrecht between France and England. even
know also that there treaties record between Eng
land and the United Provinces in l645 with France in
1907 and ices, with Spain in i7i3, with Denmark in
l7s2, and with Russia in 1904, in which provisions are
by name srcIudsd from Ms last Of eoniyatand Shall
say anything OF the oulrages, insults wrongs. offered
by England 10 America under the neutrality policy
than year the necessity OF sending special embassy
the court OF 81 james in order 10 plead redress for past
offences. and at ali events TO obtain security that
rights under the neutrality should be recognised and
spected Tor the future
The alarm ofhe countryls suffenngs. its impatence
and irrtaton-may well be Judged from the ntimaiions
which our minister directed give Of them in Eng
land Says our Secretary OF State in his instructions
Nr Jay. l7s4 You viii keep alive in the mind Of The
special mission mus, naturally inspire Of the strong agi
taoas excited in the people OF the United States by The
disturbed condition between them and Great Britain"
You will mention, with due stress, the gen.
sroi irritation of the United States, at the veraions
spoliatio,ls, captures &c., sc.
Such was the situation in which the United States
found themselves in the year 1894. hardly ten months
after the issuing OF the famous proclamation. Mr.. Jay
succeeded in eecting treaty What that treaty secured
e the United States Is what now propose 10 investigate
His instructions were explicit The anxiety OF the United
States to see those principles acknowledged which alone
could render our neutrality available was extreme What
did the treaty end in Let first the instructions
under which Mr. Jay was directed to act He was to
listen to the suggestions OF commercial treaty, and TO
keep in view. amongs, other objects, the follow ing
lst Reciprocity in navigation particularly to the West
Indies, and even to the East Indies
I'd Free ships 10 make free goods.
3D. Proper security for the safety Of neutral
in other respects and particularly by declaring provisions
TO be contraband except the strongest possible
case, by defining blockade; by restricting the opporu
mites OF vexation in visiting vessels.
Here nowvwhat the treaty allowed direct trade be-
tween the United States and the Vest Indies vessels
exceeding seventy tons in burden but the United States
were under obligation to restrain their vessels from
carrying certain articles the produce OF those islands 10
any other place than the United States The Americans
were forbidden from carrying any molasses, sugar,
coffee, cotton, in American vessels, either from
his Majesys islands from the United States, TO any
part OF the world except the United Saies The treaty
restored The ports Of the western frontier, but without in
demnity for their long detention, or for the slaves
carried off by Sir Guy Carleton Ship timber. tar hemp
Sails and copper were declared conraband, though free
in all other treaties made by the United States Pro-
visions were declared contrabaud and there
press declaration that the flag did not cover the mer-
chandse-the only treaty ever signed by the United
States in which such an acknowledgment s 10 be found
England, however at the peace OF Utrecht had acknowl
edged that the flag covered The merchandise. Thus nothing
was secured None of the rights which MIR. Jay had
and the treaty signed by HIM justified the judgment
passed upon lis merits through the appelaon by which
1t vent of an instrument that settled nothing Nor
the rights claimed by the United States respected by
England after the treaty. The aggressons on The part
OF the latter went increasing until they forced us into
the very exremes which the neutrality intended
provide against; and realized the pungeni wcsm
by which one OF our early statesmen defines neutral
power" poper that both belligerens piunder with inn
punliy"
| LYMAN from whom | have already quoted, speaks
thus OF the motives which induced The United States
long orbear under repeated infections OF outrage and
wrong:
Gt.,a ,h,uat a..flxt aI,l,
attributes OF sovereignty into the midst of the old naons
Of Europe Not having grown up with them, ying her
wings feeling her she advanced
along with those powers her relative position was not
ceaned and acts OF the parties engaged in the European
patiently endured, not from want OF sagaciiy
and spirit both to perceive and resist the Injustice and
wrong from well founded doubt and dstrust OF the
real strength Of the people"
And qualifying afterwards. the system OF selfdenia
which had then be adopted the writer says that
il was "both originally mistaken and pursued to per-
nicious extent"
desire now TO direct the attention OF the Senate TO
the sentiments entertained by Washington as TO the OBJ
legations which this country had assumed under The
proclamation Of neutrality He clearly did not consider
that II had eiieed tins government as TO wrest from
il all discretion 10 determine how lar II could interfere
and take concern in the affairs OF the world He was
the who could have surrendered the right OF
seFng boldly and iearlessly those principles which were
the very bottom OF independence and stood up in
vindcaon Of our dignity, whenever and wherever they
might be assailed or put in danger.
Why, SIR, at the very momen that he was instruchng
Mr. Jay to listen to propositions OF treaty on the part
OF Engand-al tnQ very Hne tndl ne was a~-efNHRt
through that minister, the nights OF neu'ras--he was
urging him the expcdency OF sounding ministers then
the Court OF LONDON TO the probability OF a
with their respective nations, 10 support certain pn
ciples involving great international interests.
find amongst the instructions given to Mr. Jay the
following
"You viii have no officially o gaining socss TO the
ministers OF Rusa, Denmark, and Sweden the
OF London The principles OF the armed neutrality would
neural rights IT, therefore, thcsitu
alton things. with rrspecto Great Britain should dictate
Of taking the precauon oil oresn coopers
ton upon this head f prospect OF accommodation
known the Btsh court, and entire view OF all our
political relations shall IN judgment, permit the step.
yop ,rh sowrd THOSE rraisiUs fs probability an az
fianoe Nth hsir aafioss 10 snppor those prtnePies
Thus il s that Mr. Jays object TO obtain the
recognition OF certain princioiess bat II he should not
succeed in this, what he then to do ? Await until
they assaled and put in peril al doors BY
means. He was 10 proclaim them 10 the world under
the sanction of powers allied 10 enforce them, that IL
might be understood what grounds America would act,
and would insist to be dealt with
There is another fact in the diplomatic history OF that
epoch which most sinkingy illustrates what opinions
were entertained by the immediate advisers OF Washing
ton with respect to the course which u might be expe
dent for this country 10 pursue, under circumstances as
ing ont OF the neutrality which was Then professed TO be
the policy OF this government
But before proceed TO enter this branch ot the sub
jfc let place before you, Mr. President, fact that
will speak louder than any words OF mine could do,
how lar Washngnon himself considered that his proca
nation OF neutrality constrained the American govern
men from nterposng where the eternal right OF nations TO
provide for themselves suitable government was inter
fered with by powers foreign to them On the 10Th OF
II &fafpg 50 0tAafr ne