New-York daily tribune. [volume] (New-York [N.Y.]) 1842-1866, 1852-10-12

anchored at Port Jackson, the harbor OF sgd
ney. and thus the seeds Of future empire were
planted in January, 1888 We do not propose,
in this place, to enter into the mnutIe oil the
increase of the population, but it is note
worthy fact, that up 10 the middle of the year
1851. and before the discovery of the gold
fields had had time to work the wOndrous emf
grafton that has since set in, the white popua-
ton, after lapse of only 81 years, and in spite
of numerous drawbacks, had increased TO more
than 100000, irrespective of Van Diemans
Land where no attempt at settlement was
made till after the commencement Of the pres
ent century.
That portion of the Australian Colonies now
under notice is divided into New South Wales,
capital, Sydney; Victoria, (called also Port
Philip. and Australia Felix capital, Mel
bourne: South Australia, capital, Adelalde
Western Australia, Cor the Swan River Settle
ment capital. Perth also, the district OF More
ton Bay, (chief town of same name) at present
included in the New South Wales division, but
whose rising Importance will soon cause it to be
elevsted into separate colony, managing its
own affairs.
New South Wales, as before stated, is the pa
rent COLONY. and received its designation from
Captain Cook, from fancied resemblance that
it bore to the southern portion of the prlnci-
pality of that name. According to the most
recent division, il includes the district east OF
longitude 141 f., and stretching from 20 S. lat
itude to that boundary. 1t has the advantage
Of several rivers. Cor rather water-channels, as
they would be considered in America the prn-
cpal being the Murray, Clarence and Brisbane,
though all these are unfortunately subject in
some seasons TO drouth-a peculiar and dlsa-
greeable feature of nearly all the Australian
streams The soil is, nevertheless, very prolific,
and the climate admirable. DR.. LANG, member
of the Legislative Council of New South Wales,
Ga Scotchmsn by birth, but an Australian b.
adoption, and so enthusiastic in his views
of his new home that his statements should be
received with a certain amount of caution,)
says;
For ei hi months of the year from March to Novem-
her the climate of New SOuth Wales Is delightful Inc
sy il seldom clouded and for weeks together the sun
Ice X down in unveiled beauty Refreshing shower5m
oldualy seasons are not un'requcn and II sometimes
rss as heavily within the tropics. 1t seldom freezes
ia sydney and never SHOWS but fires arc requisite during
the LAY IN the winter month"; and TOR acOnsderaDle Tune
LONGER in the mornings and evenings. During summer
tie heat is In:oly oppressive the thermometer seldom
rising higher ih:n IS deg"
The lumber growth of the northern part Of
New South Wales (rhe Moreton Bay Dstrict,)
consists of the red and white cedar, mahogany,
tulipwood, rosewood, ironwoOd lightwood,
srssafras, corkwood, the Australian palm, &c,
oil of which arrive at the grestest perfection.
The soil also produces wheat, Indian corn, bar
ley, and the sweet potato (some specimens of
the latter weighing 30 pounds } while arrow
root, cotton coffee, tobacco, the sugar cane,
and the euava may be proitably grown; and
experiments have proved that silk may be pro-
cured, a plantation of the mulberry tree hay
ing thriven extraordinarily. There are also
some iourishing vineyards on the Macleay, and
a kind of wild fig is highly spoken of The
southern part of the colony consists principal
u Of land in possession of squatters, as they
are termed, or proprietors of those immense
herds of sheep and cattle, whose produce has
till lately formed the staple export of Austria
Tia generally. The vast tract of land over
which these tOcks and herds demonstrating
in straight line about | 100 miles across the
cCuntr!-is not the actual property of the
squatters, but is merely hired of the Govern
ment from year to year, each applicant receiv-
ing license for rum as il is termed in the
local designation, incurrng the risk of being re-
moved should any bona .fde purchaser present
himself In consequence of the very favorable
terms on which the proprietors of stock are
enabled to- hire these runs, paying q merely
IL minal price for the privilege and the encour-
agcment generally held out to them by the
Government, the squatting interest is the most
wealthy and influential in the colony, forming
indeed quite landed aristocracy
Another source of future wealth, when the
resources Of the colony shall have been fully
developed, will be found in the fsheries-all
the sea-coast, bays, and mouths Of rivers being
said 10 abound in numberless variety of de-
licicus fish, some of which appear to be pecu-
liar to those waters, and are certainly not
known in America or Europe. Mullet, Dream,
whiting, cod, and turtle, together with crabs,
shrimps and oysters, in great abundance, are,
however, 20 be met with. Kangaroos aud emus
are common in the northern districts, as are
also black swans, geese, and other aquatic
birds. The brush turkey frequents the forest
lands
We shall presently speak of the gOld-felds Of
Australs-the other mineral productions of