The daily union., 1852-12-10

mander Turner His force consists OF the steamer San
Jacinto Captain Crabb, and the soops-ofwar St. Louis
borough, This squadron will probably be reinforced
hereafter by the steamer Princeton or the Saranac, IL
eihe Of these vessels may be spared from the service at
home, and the San Jacinto which is now undergoing
repairs at Trieste IN that event may be ordered back TO
the United States.
This squadron has been conspcuously engaged in va
HONS service connected with our important commercial
and political relations to the countries bordering the
Mediterranean, and has performed It's duties with COM
menaabe aeal and NE eess results we nave been ape
permanent arrangement for the accommodation OF our
ships at Spezzia by the good will OF the King Of Sar
dnia and all that the public interest and convenience
require in safe and commodous naval depot we may
now regard as secured.
The squadron the OF the United States, the
Newton, consists at this time OF the frgate Columbia. the
flagship OF the commodore, and commanded by Com
maDder Pendergras the steamer SaIanac Captain Long;
the soopsof var Albany. Commander Gerry, and Cyane,
Commander Holns; and the steamer Fulton, Commander
Jackson. The steam frigate Powhatan, Captain Aler,
vine, short time ago attached TO this squadron, and
Immediately despatched, with the commodore on board,
on special service TO the ports OF Havana and Cruz
Upon his return from this voyage found necessary,
in consequence OF the disability OF the Princeton, TO
change her station and place her in the East India squad
ron.
The steamer Saranac, detailed for duty in the home
squadron sailed on the 4h Of October last for Ro de ia
nero, under the command of Captain Long, giving con-
veyance 10 the late Brazilian charge daiares the Cheva-
lie de Sodre TO the of his government Cap
lain Long VIII DC Ddck is supposed IN lew weeks 10
reassume his position in the squadron from which be was
detached. or Tor such other service as may await him
The Cyane has been recently ordered TO cruise in the
neghboIhood OF the island of Cuba and to visit The port
Of Havana The Albany is ordered to the same quarter,
and will for the present remain at Pensacola.
The steamer Mississippi. having been in condition for
rest of the squadron, was employed in the month OF Au-
gust last visit the coast OF the British provinces
upon northern border in service connected with the
question Of the fisheries. She returned early in the
month OF September TO her allotted station, and
10 await the period OF her departure upon the long voyage
in which she is now engaged.
EXPLORATIONS AND SURVEYS
During the past year the attention of this department,
in conjunction with the Department Of Saie has been
directed 10 the employment OF the East India squadron 10
an enterprise OF great moment to the commercial interests
OF the countryside endeavor 10 establish relations of
anity and commerce with the empire OF japan.
The long nerdct which has denied strangers
to the ports territory OF that country and the singu
arly inhospable laws which lis government has adopted
to secure This exclusion having been productive of late
years, OF gross oppression and cruelty TO citizens OF The
United States, il has been thought expedent 10 take
effective measure TO promote better understanding with
this populous and seml-haIbarous empires 10 make the
effort not only TO obtain from them the observance of the
rights of humanity 10 such OF people may be driven
by necessity upon their coasts. but also TO promote the
higher and more valuable end OF persuadng them 10 aban
don their Improbable policy OF seclusion, and gradually
to take place IN that general association OF commerce IN
which their resources and industry would equally enable
them TO confer benefits upon others and the fruits OF
higher civilization upon themselves.
u
the shores OF the Pacific, the rapid settlement OF Cafor
and Oregon, the opening OF the highway the
lshmus OF Central America The great addition TO our
navigation employed IN trade with Asaic nations, and
the increased activity OF our whaling ships in the vicinity
OF the northern coasts OF JAPAN pressing upon
the consideration of this government the absolute
sliy OF reviewing cur relations 10 those eastern commu.
mites which lie contiguous 10 the path OF trade The
enforcement Of liberal 81 stem Of intercourse upon
China has met the approval OF the civilized world and
its benefits and felt, not less remarkably in tie
progress OF that ancient empire itself kan in the activity
which II has already impaired 10 the pursuit oil eastern
commerce. China is awakng from the lethargy of
Thousand years 10 the perception OF the spirit OF the pres
ent and is even now furnishing her quota 10 the ad
venture which distinguishes and stimulates the settle
ment OF our western coast
There events have forced upon the people OF America
and Europe the consideration of the question, How Tar
is consistent with the rights OF the civilized world TO de-
fer 10 those nconyenent and unsocia customs by which
nation capable OF contributing to The relief OF the wants
OF humanity shall be permitted to that duty;
whether any nation may claim 10 be exempt from the adj
miited Christian obligation OF hospitality to those sran-
gers whom the vocatons of commerce the lawful pur
suits oil industry may have incidentally brought in need
OF It's assistance and the sill stronger whether the
enlightened world viii tolerate the infection OF punish
ment or conlumeOus treatment npop The unfortunate
voyager whom The casualties OF the may have
pelIed TO an unwilling nlfactlon of barbarous law.
These are questions which every day becoming
more significant That oriental sentiment which, hard
ened by the usage and habit of centuries has dictated
vety apparent, will not long continue claim TIE sanci-
" OF national right 10 the detrment OF the OF
universal and civilization, this time so sig
nally active IN enlarging the boundaries OF human
knowledge and the diffusion OF comfort over the earth.
The day has come when Europe and America have ound
an urgent inducement to demand OF Asia and Africa
the rights OF hospitality, OF aid and comfort shelter and
succor TO the men who pursue the great hghroads OF
trade and exploration over the globe. Chrsendom is
constrained, by the pressure of increasing necessity
TO publish it's wants and declare its rights TO the heaben,
| and in making its power felt will bring innumerabe
blessings to every race which shall acknowledge It's
mastery.
The government OF the United States has happily placed
itself IN the front OF this movement and II may be regard
ed an one ot the most encouraging guarantees o Its sue
that the expedition which has Just left shores
takes with the earnest good wishes, not only of
own county, but OF the enlightened communities OF
which is recognised in the commercial adventure OF all
Christian nations, and is deeply felt by every owner OF
an American whaeshlp and every voyager between Cali
fornia and China.
This importan, duty has been assigned TO the COM
mandng officer OF the East India squadron gentleman
every respect worthy OF the trust reposed in him, and
who contributes 10 its administration the highest energy
and ability Improved by long and various service in his
profession. Looking TO the magnitude of the underia
KING and the great which have been raised
both IN this country and IN Europe reference 10 It's
Suits the casualties TO which II may be exposed and the
necessity 10 guard IL, by every precaution within the
power OF the government, against possibility Of a.
failure, have thought IL proper with your appreciation,
the force destined TO this employment and TO
pu st the disposal OF Commodore Perry squadron OF
unusual strength and oapabllliy have therefore re-
Gently added TO the number OF vessels appropriated to the
command the line OF. batle.sh Vermont, the
ships, together with The sloop. of war Vandaa-origna
ly 10 ts thp