The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1852-11-15

AuemUc-Iae OSeOny OF SOut0 AmeEtcos
We lay before the public this morning several let
ter extracts, and eeial documents, lately received
from South America. In the present aspect Of a&
fairs in that part Of the Western hemisphere they
are especially interesting. The message Of Gen.
Urbins, the supreme chief of Ecuador, particularly,
is a document which win repay an attentive pc
rusal, forcshadOwing, as it Does federal union be-
tween New Granada, Venezuela and Ecuador.
Those Of our readers who take any interest in
South American matters, are familiar with the ex-
pulsion Of General Flores from Ecuador, in 1916, his
attempt to get up q European expedition against
the new authorities of that State-his failure, owing
to the pretended hostility Of the British govern
ment-bis return and subsequent Vaccinations In
New Granada, Ecuador, Peru, and Chill; and
finally, his unsuccessful struggle to enforce his
claims against Ecuador and perhaps, to regain the
supreme power, BY force Of arms. From the tone OF
the Presidents message, we can infer the feelings
with which Flores is regarded by the newly consti
tuted authorities Even the richness Of the Spanish
vocabulary seems inadequate to furnish epithets
bitter enough for him, who was once styled " the
Father and Saviour" of Ecuador. The term " Flore-
anist'' is used spontaneously with that of traitor
and the very Jose Maria Urbina, who owed, if not
erosiy Of Flores confesses, with feigned
that indulgence is lost upon the exile. The coun-
try is warmly on his de!eat and while
the citizens Of Guayaquil are strengthened in their
hate by sklfu allusion to the horrors Of the late
siege, the issue is laid before the people-nos as
Flores or Urbina--but as struggle between OLE
garchy and democracy.
Judging, ~ we are compelled to do, Of the state
Of the South American republics from the imper-
feet information which finds its way to this part Of
the world, we are obviously liable to error. A
hasty condemnation Of men, predicated on the 90.
counts Of politics which reach us, might very pro-
badly involve great injustice to the other Of
the contending parties. Still We cannot help
thinking that there u.s. in this struggle for the Pres
dency Of Ecuador, latent principle Of higher i'm
port than the supremacy of General Flores Gene.
raj Ufbi1A. We are not, perhaps, thoroughly quail
fed to decide the character Of the projects which
imputed to the former; but bearing in mind his
great experience and reputation Tor ssgacityw have
little difficulty in believing the report that his main
scheme was the reconstruction of the Colombian
republic on more comprehensive basis than the
old one. TO reunite Venezeula, New Granada and
Ecuador, and to invite, and if necessary to use
every attainable means to compel, the fusion of
Peru, Chill, and Bolivia into the new State, is
scheme worthy Of the greatest mind Of the day
People have now seen the failure Of the expert
ment Of 1880. The South Americans are convinced
that nothing commensurate with their ambition can
be expected from State whose treasury is crippled
by an unexpected expenditure Of thirty thousand
dollars. The disgrace brought upon Venezeula by
the refusal to pay the interest on the Venezuelan
share of the Colombian State loan has not been lost
upon them. Their experience has taught them
that in South America, as elsewhere, union is
power, and that States which, separately are inca
pable Of any great efforts towards progress, and fall
an easy prey to the first bold usurper, may become,
under sound constitution, valuable members of q
powerful confederacy.
This, possibly, is Flores project. That it finds
sympathy among the inhabitants of Venezuela
New Granada, and Peru, we may confidently assert
The progress Of democratic principles, on which
Urbina insists as an argument in defence Of his
course, is the very best proof that could be
desired Of the ripeness Of the South Americans for
general union. The experience Of the last twenty
years has convinced them, that 80 long as they
tnue to foster idle prcudices Of separate rationale
ties, neither their industry nor their commerce will
rise into importance, and those energies, which, if
properly directed, might lead to power and fortune,
Will be wasted in wars and struggles among them
selves. Blessed with every natural advantage, and
freed from the trammels of systems Of government
unsuited to the genius of the people and country,
the only thing they require is political status
which would ensure such freedom and personal
security as to leave each citizen free to devote his
whole energies to the material advancement of the
country, and inspire that respect abroad without
which national greatness is unattainable. The
union of the three States which formerly constituted
the Republic Of Colombia, with Peru, Bolivia,
Chilli, and probably the other South American
States, except Brazil, would create new nation,
hardly second in power resources to any but the
United States That continent, which since Jesuits
and Spaniards first defled its surface with their
baneful presence has seldom been deemed worthy
the notice of the politician or the historian, would
then rise into importance, and balance the growing
fame Of California and Australia Brazil itself
could not hope to maintain its separate existence
for any length of time with such growing power
on the continent The opening Of the Paraguay
and Parana rivers has already given fresh imps-
tus to the trade Of the interior it must eliminate
in the absorption of all minor States, and even the
We are lost in contemplation Of the results Of
such confederation. History affords no example Of
two such States as tie North and South American
republics, dividing between them the commerce of
the world, constituting electoral district out Of
half dozen rotten monarchies, and incorporating,
by vote of Congress, territory, compared to
which the Roman or Assyrian empire was mere
grasplot.
INCREASE IN THE VOTE OF PENNsYLvANrA.-By
the following table, it will be seen that at the
November election for President in Pennsylvania,
there were 022 votes polled than were given
for the candidates having the highest number at
the election in October
SUPREME JupGE-ocTosER. MISREPRESENTATION
Woodward, (dem) 172,61o Pierce ........ loS6S3
Burlington, (whig) l6S,3l5 Scott. 1791s3
- Hale, free eoiD 80. $3.50
Total ,........ 1874 Brown (native)... 1,610