The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1852-02-07

them with great injustice, as is always the case.
Tho Msgyars became Christians IN the tenth or
Pd the
what is called the Golden Bull,-a chartsr of
rights, which is nearly rs old as the English Magma
Charta. They had representative government,
and a perfect Diet, consisting of two houses-the
upper house numbering moro members than the
lower. In the olden time the Magyars were the
only people who occupied places in the Diet; but
in the late revolution the leaders were pressed
with the Injustice Of their exclusiveness, and
determined to abolish all distinctions of races and
put the Sclavonians On the Same level with them
selves. kossuth and other enlightened men saw
that if anything were to By expected from Hungary
none OF the people should be governed as serfs bat
raised up to the rank Of freemen. Hungarian lead
ers in modern times comprehended we'll what was TO
be done The monarchs for o long time had va
rlous capitals, but in later time prssSnrg tSnISa
cunning of Austrian policy. You may wonder
how did it happen that Hungary had anythisg to
do with Austria. | will tell you. After m sintain-
ing an independent existence for long time, the
Hungarians had tremendous war with the Turks,
and In their last great battle they lost their mo-
march, Louis ii. There was then no heir to the
crown except lady--the kings sister-who was to
succeed him. She married, in 1876, Duke Fer
dinand, brother to Charles ", Emperor Of Ger
many, and who was, at the same time. King of
Spain, under the title OF Charles the L, and also
King of the Netherlands Charles abdicated his
throne, and his brother Ferdinand, who was King
Of Hungary, was elected Emperor of Germany, SO
that he, at the same time, governed these two
countries under different laws lie could net do as
Emperor Of Germany what he could do as King of
Hungary. The house Of Hapsburgb, after while,
got possession CT Bohemia also The Hungarisns
justly say that they into Austria. not
conquered people; and that Austria was nothing in
comparison 10 Hungary and TraHsylvania Ever
stree the Hungarans have been dreadfaiiy oppress-
ed and misgoye1ned, and do not wonder chat they
felt apgrieyed Blu. yet they were brave and
loyal people, and held up the House Of Hapsburgh
D.,l
now you see how they have been treated in return
Tor their bravery and loyalty. The lecturer then
gavo dscursiye account Of the social condition Of
these countries, the extent of the railways, the
character aud population Of the principal cities
Vienna. Berlin, Hamburg, Munich, go Germany
is delightful country to travel in, il you hnc the
language. Education has MADE immense progress
in ii, and all classes arc intelligent II contains
tweSty four universities, and ell the cities have
excellent scholars; but latterly these have been
paying moro attention to politics than TO literature
lie then reviewed the history OF Prussia, and gave
u succirct acooun. Of the three wars Of Frederick
the Great The most remarkable and most dsss-
tIeus war in Germany was the religious war, which
continued for thirty years, and at its close. the
population Of Germany was reduced to one-fourth
what it had been at its commencement. lie ad-
vertod to tho military talents and achievements of
Gustavus Adolphus, King Of Sweden. He abolished
the old match locks and introduced the lint locks,
~ which means tho power Of his army was in
nets placed on the side Of the musket, instead
Of as heretofore, in the muzzle Alter his wars
came those Of Frederick the Great, and subsequent
latter in Germany he briefly narratei Napoleon
gained the battles Of Marengo, Austertz, and ena,
and had the Prussian monarchy at his feet from
1906 to 1911. From the treaty Of Paris, in 1871,
empire was oyorthrown in 1906, and never sin 80
restored Francis ii. then assumed the title Of
Emperor of Austria. Tho lecturer sketched the
revolutionary dongs Of 1913 and the part which
suth was not a Maayar-his mother was German
and his father Scave As to Gorgey, there was
no denying hia great military talents, but he was
jealous 0. the iEfaence of Kossuth; instead Of
marching iignt on to Vienna, he spent time USE
lessy ut Buda, and gave the Russians an opportu-
nifty to march their army of 10000 men into tho
| country. Even then he might have joined Benz
and Dcmbr ski in the South, and oyercalns their
enemies, but. instead OF doing so. he cut his way
through the Russian army, and got himself into
rextrcabe position, where he had to surrender his
army at Vilargos, and the other leaders, kossuth,
| Benz, and Dembinski, crossed over to Shumla, and
solicited the hospitality Of the Turks. He (tho
lecturer.O had been lately at Pssth, end he could
| assure them tina. kcssUth was extremely popala
there, no mater what people nay say TO tho con
! traIy. tic did not derry that Kossuth made some
mistakes, out mistakes were unavoidable whsre
| everything hsdto BE created by himself hungary
| mad no army, no oteeEs, and VAS so near 70 that
great power Of lussia. Had Russia been thou
| sard miles of, Hungary would have achieved her
| Independence; or, if France had done what she
| ought to have done, and what she did do under
Lamartine, in 1915 when she said to Russia, 'syou
must not set foot in Hungary" and the Emperor
replied, 'sneither must you set foot ia Italy,
do you think that Russia would have set Ler foot
| across the Carpathian mountains. Hungary was
thus lost through the want Of having man At the
lead Of affairs in France. There are seven millions
of Roman Catholics in France, most Of thom noble
| people, and they stood MOLLY by Nossuth. More
| than half Of his officers were Roman Catholics,
| among whom was Louis Batthyani. Gorgey, he
o. Dat Ia .ia
| throughout Hungary came into this struggle more
/ than has been represented Most Of them Joined
| kossuth, but the Greats and the inha bltants Of
S:lavonia were opposed to him, on accou1t Of Aus
| tra tomenting disturbances among them. One Of
the most significant facts in favor Of tho hungarian
cause, was that the Jews rallied round it, thoagh
in 1870, they refused to assist the Poles. A very
remarkable thing in Hungary was, that the Rus.
people kindly, and they did so and in consequence,
! the Hupgarians have ten times as much respect
| for the Russians as they have for the Austrians.
The lecturer then passed to tho philosophy Of
| organizing GermaDc societies. He considered that
every effort made to raise any class, must be one
which has its beginning. and middle. and end, in
the elevation Of the persons themselves and not of
their political position. AS the Jews in Europe and
the colored races in America, If you take them up
| and let them ningle with us, you will not have
elevated them That which elevates man IS what
changes himself, not what changes his place
Therefore, If there be philanthropiss who seeks
TO elevate them, he must 50 down to them, and
bring them the light of the gospel, and teach and
Instruct em-develope their intelligence, skill,
and moral power, and when men arc thus davel-
ored, you need not trouble yourselves about their
rank 1t does not require divers to go down to the
bottom and lift the corkthe cork will come to the
top Itself; and moral man asks no adventitious
aid-he will always come to his right place in So
ciety. Therefore, the simple law Of Christians is
this--take away from every class every unlawful
obstruction-bring out their education, the means
Of devoopement-and give them no favor and no
hindrances. Educate them, end these things will
take care Of themselves but all attempts to bring
men up otherwise iaii, because they are founded
on false philosophy.
Lecture on Temperance. by the iIoa
Charles II. Delavan-Appsliins Picture
Great Britain.
On Thursday evening, the Hon. Chas. IL. Della
van delivered ar exceedingly interesting lecture on
temperance before the Mechanics Institute, at