New-York daily tribune. [volume] (New-York [N.Y.]) 1842-1866, 1852-10-20
RUSSIA AS 1T IS. Nv.
The Mobility.

..d tie immediate instrument for the e1ecu
immortal will They form q more compact oouy -
sia than in any other country whatsoever -.
IL the sristocratic class 60 separate anu u's1 -
,,.o 80. of tho nation Endowed with numerous
.,v,,..e. ,hst utterly hedge it of from the people, AZ
ttst they firmly unite it, members 10 escn
cher and TO the throne its destiny Is iafay pehaeo
- ,bst Of Czarisn, to whose debasing snnihating,
de,trucye influence il lie more thar all other classes
exposed r.
In the legal meaning Of the word, the Mobility orn
the only class enjoying the jus pTs0nS, or personal
risht This however Il enjoys only with reference 20
the socaled lower classes while with reference 10 tne
Car II is nothing than chattei No privileges
sheld II from the unlimited sutocrsc authority Oh the
throne.
Whatever laws are enacted, even Temporarily oo-
seryed the Car IL above them lie is the living law
and observes the written ones only as 'ar a. ne conae
,eends 10 do 60 In principle and in reality ne possess
ga more absolute unbounded uncontrolled power over
the whole Nobility, as well any separate indi
,;a,s, Noble high or low rich or poor, titled or not
counting bis ancestry by centuries Of pure SUCCESSION
n, nevmsde Yesterday than the same Noble possesses
,er IA. oxvn serf and even over his real properly
eys Czarsm sustaus the Nobility in ts position re-
,peetipe tie rest Of tho nsonand by oppression me
Throne and the Aristocrecy are fatally, unremhuhgy
welded 10 each other
The following are the principal rights and privileges
Of the Nobility a. a body, without DISTINCTION Oh ranA
They alone can possess real estate and own sefS iney
hold osees civil and military, which gives to
o., ,be General administration and government oil the
r..,,,o C,,,v the children Of Nobemen, male or fe-
male can be admitted 10 the public civil OF military es-
,sbhens Of education at the cost OF the State Iney
.,one can enter the Universities The Noble Is exempt
Cd from corporea punishment, and from every other
infamous sentence II any civil or military court
finds nobleman guilty Of crime and condemns MN
pepalIy previous 70 the execution Of the judgment
whatever il may be-whether death or condemnation 10
sberia Cor labor in the mines-the Noble Is d's"oo@o
and expelled from the caste, after which The sentence
executed In justice TO the new criminal CODE pup
lished few years since it must be Observed hat
trea,s with mere relative severity the impeached ana
crininally condemned nobemhn than 1t does the mem
her of spy other class taking the ground that the No
BILE enjoys exclusive privileges he has thus within his
reach ali the means Of education, and his criminal con
duct ought to be the more rdly rerbuted by the law
Finally, no direct personal taxation can be imposed
upon the Nobility or their estates.
The public service being preserved exclusively for
the Mobiles IL IL matter OF peremptory obligation that
thew sbould enterit Thus If the members of family
.bsIl for three generations fail TO fulfill this duty, the
third generation falls back into the ranks OF merely per
sonal Nobility which is not hereditary Persons OF this
class are called aopodporsy, new manor men, IN whom
the arftocratc privilege becomes extinct with all Its
boons a. for instance the right TO own sers, &c Ao'
srac,ly and az matter Of principle, the Car Is sup
pose not TO possess any power TO hinder any way
liberty Of Noblean in respect TO his movements In OF
ont of the Empire But as nearly every Nobleman Ia
In way other engaged in some branch OF the
public service, they come TO depend superiors and
chiefs In word, the ruling power and thus they
are obliged ask for permission to 60 and Tor leave
absence Aside from this the Gar who Is the living law
may at his pleasure prohibit any individual not only
from travelling In foreign countres but even from crcu
ating In the interior Of the Empire If he supposes tina
the individual u guilty OF any political contamination.
Tho qroa.ey part OF the internal administration
Of provinces or governments, they are called
and Of dstricts cities townships and communities
an well that Of civil aud criminal justice therein
has for ts bsfis the communal principle OF election
The Boards nearly all elected by the rcspcctiv
social clssses though most Of them are presided owe
by a member named by the General Government Tn
Nobility body has the greater share in the Boards
In each province the Nobility forms distinct compact
social and official Corporation to administer its speca
affairs and 10 watch Its general interests They
elect head called the County Marshal and Board o.
Councillors Af every county nays separate taxes FOL
p own internal administration of which however the
expenditure Is in the hands of the Governor, and OF
his Board named by the owners he is obliged 10 give
yearly accounts thereof to the Marshal and the Board
of Nobility The Marshal has the right TO send his
complaints against the Governor the Minister of the
INTERIOR OF even to the Car himself Each district in
county elects likewise District Marshal Justice OF
the Peace for judicial and not for police dues ad
nnistrative and police chief for the district CORES
pondng somewhat with the position Of a soa'PrYft in
France, and his adunc,s council to administer the
estates Of minors as web the real estates OF those
who are deprived of them judiciay, or for tyranny
and misdcmeanor toward their serfs The prosecu
ton Of the like cases belongs the district and county
Crown Attorneys In the general elections the Nobility
of each county select presidents and members for the
eivil and criminal ,ribuns-three for each and tutor
of the high school or gymnasium with whom the direc
tor named by the Crown ought to consult In all ad
mnistrative and disciplinary matters as nearly oil the
pupils are nobles-and finally the like tutors for the
district schools.
In this way the Nobility holds or least shares Il
not the power least its administration But in this
way also depending the Gear and his special tools
the Nobility is the exposed to the deadly malaria
Of despotism. Notwithstanding its privileges and
standing enjoys real independence less even in
certain degree than the class of burghers.
Holding as they do all other administrative oficers,
which not electve-st the pleasure of the Gar,
and depending them not only for social position but
often for maintenance, individual MOBILES often
PEELED bear patiently and with mute submission the
most gallings wrongs and insults An outraged noble
If his family has not any very prominent position at
court not to ind any redress, and to be aban
doned by his kindred nobody win dare TO opposethe
wrath of powerful Minister fsyorite every one
being In turn dependent the good win of the clique
surrounding the Sovereign The burghers, who expect
nothing from the direct action of the Government and
arc not linked with as otceholders have esprit
De cops in such emergencies, and exercise it more
boldly The public service contributes generally to the
hnancia ruin OF least the embarrassment Of The No
hty who labor under the general disease of their caste