The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1852-03-16
1851 IO.sgs

StateS, from Maine TO Alabama the
tains known ~ the Allegheny Appalachian chain Tbs
eastern base of these mountains distant from
seaboard more than a hundred miles. and they form q
very FORMIDABLE obsac to the construction OF railroads
between the great eastern cities and the interior
nearly all the great enterprises which have been under
taken with the view to effect such connection great aid-
onal expense has been incurred to pens
trate this mountain barrier In the plan first adopted
for the general system State improvements in Penn
sylvana it proposed to effect the crossing Of the
Aeghanies by means OF inclined planes. with powerful
tationary engines al their SUBMITS Those planes were
built and have been used for several years. until cxpo-
riencc proved that their operation slow and too
expensive to maintsn successful competition with other
methods OF conveyance, and other improvements have
since been finish seddesgncd to superscde them The
railroad from Baltimore TO the Ohio river is carried oyec
passage in these mountains where the elevation il up
wards OF three thousand feet and part OF that height
by tunnels varying in length from
to four 6hs of mile The road from New York TO Al
bany along the banks of the Hudson has three tunnels
The greatest work Of this kind yet proposed in the United
States is the tunnel through the ossack mountain which
il executed will he four miles in length and fifteen hun
bred feet below the summit Of the The cost
timated at s2Ooc0oo, On the road from New York to
Lake Erie tunnels have been avoided by very expensive
works. which overcome ascents of 100 feet
No authentic statement has been given of the
can't invested in the railroads Of the United states hut
we have the mean, of forn,Nr An estimate mon Shc,
much reliance may be placed The railroads in operao,
at the beginning Of the present year may be assumed to
have cost S34s OO0O The amount invested in the lines
under construction ii is impossible estimate with even
approximation to correctness Their cost when
peted will be considerably less than that of AN equal
lengof road in operation for the reason that the
greater number of unfinished lines in the West
ton far below what It j. IN the Northern and Casters
States.
The management of the American railroads entirely
distinct from the administration Of government Their
CONCERNS managed by corporations which consist
president secretary and directors Each of the directors
must certain amount of stock. They are chosen
by the body Of stockholders who have votes proportions
the number Of shares they hold The directors choose
of their body president appoint the secretary
The president and secretary have generally liberal
but the services Of the directors gratuitous
The rate of speed railroads is great on
nj hp GrlI a0citu Af
train il twenty miles hour, but ii
high twenty weight and thirty miles Express trains.
message frequently maintain for long distances high
speed forty five miles an hour And road-that
between New York and Abany--forty miles per hour il
the regular rate for all passenger trains
The fares rates Of passage not uniform. In New
Of passengers is under two cents from New York 10
Boston il il two and four-tenths from New York to
Philadelphia. three and fourcnths from Philadelphia
to Baltimore. three and one-tenth From New York to
Cincinnati the dsinnce is S57 miles by the northern route
Of which l43 miles travelled by steamboat The price
Of passage for the whole distance SIG So being slightly
under cents per mile The lines between Baltimore
and Cincinnati. to b. opened will be $50 miles i'm
length and the fare will be Sl3 that is two cents per
mile.
Believing that the history Of the origin condition and
extent Of the railroads in the United states forms
the most important subjects of statistical invest gat0n
aud not generally understood, have devoted por
ton Of my time to the preparation of complete history
and detailed statement respecting each OF the railroads
in the United States. to accompany the other statistics
to be embraced within the seventh census but as Con-
this and other subjects il il impossible in advance to
say Whist the census when published. will contain l
close 10 herewith copy Of the of Maryland
prepared in advance for reasons which will appear in u
preface.
have the honor 10 he sir with great respect your
most obcdicnt servant. JNO. C. q. KENNEDY
JrLrs CApTN. Minister Public Works Paris.
The Last Battle Of the FIIIibusters.
From the American Flag, Feb IS
Our town has been the theatre of intense excite
in reference to the recent battle. near Camar-
Ig Nyappt hp OF prnll RIAL md
Mexican troops, under command of General Canales
and Colonel Cruz. BY the arrival of the steamer
Tom NJ Kinney. on the 18th instant. put i,
possession Of the result. and truly re0iced to-
receive the assurance that the loss of life was not so
appalling and disastrous ) the Mexican official re-
port received al Matmnoras Monday and Tues
day. led Us 10 aprrebend. The report of Canales is
TO the effect that the forces under Carvajal were
tirely routed and driven the rivers San Juan
and Rio Bravo in such confusion that immense
number drowned: that torty-cigh were found
dead on the field aud twenty-tour wounded. The
account brought down by those who were engaged
in the battle With Caryajai differs very widely, as to
many important details. but. from what we can
gather the following embraces very nearly the facts:
On Friday t20th) Caryaial crossed the river d few
miles below Rio Grandc city. and marched slowly
up toward tamargo. IN Saturday they were met
by the forces under the Mexican eadcrs--at
this time the force under Carvaial amounted
TO indefinite number. ranging between two
hundred and five hundrcd-rcport. differ 80
wdcls --sixtccn of whom were lndans also, having
twelve pound gun aud a good supply of anmuni-
ton. The Mexican force charged on Caryaial with
uncommon inpctuosity. with two hundred and fifty
cavalry. On receiving this first charge, large body
of Carvaials men broke and fled IN great disorder.
The force which first commenced the Sto0iJsttc are
said 10 have composed the command Of Capt NuneZ,
and mostly. if not all. Meaicans; hui in their
progress they took with them many Americans
These h.d the Geld. aud did return. Those
Few. not over eighty men, who stood the onset re-
pulsed the charging party, 10y the discharge Of their
fIm l,1 vii ma
slaughter through their ranks The charge was re-
p.atod three different times with the like result.
After this, the Mexican forces retired, and crossed
tbe san juan river: also about this time the re-
naming forces of Carsaal left in small parties, il
being now between eleven and twelve o'clock al
ught. and quite dark. la few hours from that
time The battle field deserted by both conending
parties. When il became known to the Mexicans
that Caryaal bad left. they returned and took Dos
Session II Ihs grogld without opposition, their OPP
ronents having left their only gun ammunition,
wagons, &c. The Mexican General reports also
one hundred and twenty stand Of arms taken at The
same time
Upon the whole. this battle presents features
which are entirely IN modern warfare. Both
parties IL appears. must have considered themselves
whipped. and in accordance with this suppostiOn.
both gave up the day and retired, The official re-
port VI Capales however, makesa different cHplana
ton OF this movement and declares that he drew his
men of TO induce Carvaial to advance from a shell
tered position which he occupied. and from which
he found il df6cu, to disodgc him. This, In his
version, was mere military maDoeuvrc, while tho
other side represent j, hasty and precpitatc
treat. How this may be, we wl' no, undertake to
give an opinion. But thing, at least, is beyond
controversy, yiz:---That an engagement had,
ard that the Mexican forces remain on the ground
having taken all the spos Of war which belonged to
their adverse ries. while Carvaal and his forces re-
crossed the river and have withdrawn from the con
test thus avng Canacs in possession of the battl.
ground and the camp. Many of the prominent
leaders in this baItc came down here on the M'Kh-
psy.
Cafvajafs men report only ten killed aud thirtccn
wounded, and three missing. probably drowned
Naval Intelligence.
Annexed il list q officers attached t tho n,cd state,
thip DECATUR
comInander. William Green Liottopants William J.
Muse James w Cooke, md Egbert Thoanps1n; Passed
Assistant surgeon Samuel jackson: Assistant surgeon
James W " hltingi Acting Master. Charles W HAYS;
fasF1d Nlshipnan. Henry C. Ituncr Actiu, tI;t III,