Wilmington journal. [volume] (Wilmington, N.C.) 1844-1895, 1852-08-13
From the United States Economist.
\ Lesson to Over-production Croakers.

Rice, We are told, was not known to the Greeks
and Romans. 1t made its appearance In Europe a
bout the middle Of the 18th century. Its cultlva
ton is said to have been first attempted in the low
lands adj lining VERONA by patrician of Milan,
named Theodore Trivulzi, in 1922. Since then, the
cultivation Of this plant. which occasionally yields
100 bushels to the OF the most nOurishlng de-
scription of grain, has furnished immense supply
of food. The consumption of Europe is now estma-
ted at 3 O000 cwt. annually. The pOtatoe made
the next change in the amount of farnaceous food.
This root did not become Of general until the
commencement of the present century. 1t is now
found in great abundance in every part of northern
Europe. The third addition to our supplies consls-
| ted in the pungent herbs, such tea and coffee.
with which it is possible to consume vast quantity
! of sugar. The sugar consumed with tea and coffee
at present, in England alone, has been estimated
equivalent to the saccharne matter contained in six
millions and half gallons Of beer. plant that
was much priced on its first discovery. but that Is
emily now drawing the attention that it deserves, as
a valuable article of food. is cacao or " Theobroma.
| This d. icious production is grown with the least
toll and expense of any vegetable that we know In
the tropical parts of our globe. One thousand trees
capable Of yielding each twelve fanegas or cwts.
can be tended in the Caracas by when
the first arrangements at planting. for occasionally
irrigatng the ground they stand upon, have been
we'll made AS the fruit of this tree is highly nour
ishng, and is sweet enough to require mixture
of sugar, the cheapneSs and the delcacy the drink
prepared from cacao will recommend it generally.
and it may produce revolution in the taste for tro
pical produce. Yet in spite Of these constant add-
tiuns to supplies of food instead Of finding that
the culture of grain be diminished we see that
it must daily be produced in increased quantities to
keep pace with the demand. The same experience
is furnished by the history of the materials pro-
duced for manufactures. The quantity of cotton
and wool imported into England for consumption in
1910 was 100000 lbs; in 1851 nearly S00OOO-
900 lbs; yet the demand for wool was not diminish
ed by this Increase. Australia sent her 100000
lbs. OF wool IN 1880, and nearly 60,000.000 lbs in
| 1850. importation from other countries likewise in
creased within the interval, and vet the linen
manufacture was able likewise to extend itself The
consumption Of silk has in the meantime not decin-
ed The same phenomenon meets in the othrr
countries of Europe, where supplies have likewise
increased Ofevery description Of raw produce con-
! temporaneously. With this experience one would
think 1t must be easy to detect the economical law
of progress by which these phenomena are produced
Their recurrence pointed to a necessary connection
between the increasing supply and increasing de-
mand for agricultural produce that ought to have
been recognized than has been the case. The
law is simply this that an abundant supply of OBJ
ects OF primary necessity is the condition of great
demand for objects of less urgent utility and for
Injuries. AS advance in the scale Of wants thus
classified the desire to satisfy each less pressing de-
fciency increases according as the more essential
requisites to our existence comfort are sup
piled. Thus the demand for clothing is increased
by an abundant supply of grain Flax silk and cot
ton, are in the greatest demand among nations that
are best able to supply themselves with food. The
condition of the demand for fax is, that there shall
be suppl Y of corn or Of potatoes. gain, in the
crops of food the cultivation Of luxuries must de-
pend on the supply of necessares Meat butter
cheese, fruits, follow in natural succession In an
open market each refinement in the description of
food produced become more remunerating as a crop
IN proportion as Indispensable food is more album
dant. In the same manner an abundance of cotton
increases. instead of diminishing the demand for fax
and silk, when the free action Of trade is unimpe
ded. That the price, under these circumstances
does not always rise, may be accounted for bv var
Gus considerations. But this is the theory of con
sumption, and consequently of demand.
EASTERN METHOD OF MEASURING TIME-Tbs
people of the East measure time by the length o
their shadow. Hence, if you ask man what O'CLOCK
it is, he Immediately goes into the SUM- stands erect
then looking where his shadow terminates he meas
ures his length with his feet and tells you nearl,
the time. Thus the workmen earnestly desire tn
shadow which indicates the time for leaving thei
work. person wishing to leave his toll SAYS
+! How long my shadow Is coming !" ::Why die
you not come sooner q Because | waited for m,
shadow In the seventh chapter of Job we find
written; " AS servant earnestly desireth his shad
Ow."
h WORKING DoGs.--Dogs, of almost every breed ar
taught to work by the Germans 1t looks odd enou 81
to these sagacious animals, of all descriptions
from the thick headed bulldog and mild and intel
ligent Newfoundland, down to the candleleg, half
hound and snappish rat-terrier all fully employed
instead of idling away their time they do here
The majority of the dogs, however, are of the large
KIND; and 1t is quite amusing to their willing
ness to work, and the various ways in which the,
are employed. No person is presumed to use
wheelbarrow without dog to draw the load and il
vehicles of this kind We saw loads of wood, milk
butter, cabbages bricks, bread mortar, and hot cot
fee and refreshments for travellers All the labo
that the person behind him had to perform, was tt
act as steersman, while the dog would draw the load
and instantly stop when ordered We saw few