Daily American telegraph., 1852-07-08
The Republic Of Mexico.


We have before us two pamphlets on the Te-
huantepec grautto Mr.. Garay of the right Of
way across this isthmus, &C. We have not at
present leisure to 90 into an examination OF the
controversy between Garay's successors ana the
government of that country; but we gather from
the remonstrance of the former some interesting
historical statements.
"The revolutionary Congress of Mexico estab.
lshed in 1912, an hereditary monarchy and an
exclusive religion; a military authority pro-
claimed the plan of Iguala, the Roman religion,
an union of States, and foreign hereditary
monarch. 1t guaranteed this plan by standing
army.
"This government was superseded by the inn
perial government of Augustin the lst. Up to
| this period the vice-regal government claimed
paramount authority. The Emperor OF Mexico
dissolved the Congress, and the military author
ity which deposed him convoked the Congress
| which published the constitution OF 1874. In
| 1923 the election of the President was denounced
as illegal, fraudulent, and unconstitutional
the President, having assumed dictatorial powers,
was captured by the Vice President and shot for
| treason against the government. In 1884 Con-
gress was dissolved by military authority, and
| the constitution of 1924 was 'blotted from the
statute book In 1884 the plan of Toluca was
proclaimed by military authority 1t vested su-
preme power in the Executive and in Congress
the States were changed into military depart
ments, under the command of military governors,
responsible to the national government and not
to the people. In 184l the plan OF Tacubaya
was agreed upon by the chiefs Of revolutionary
factions. 1t was violated by Santa Anna, who
dissolved Congress. and granted the basis OF. the
political organization Of the Mexican republic.
| - c;y fran
tary authority. In 1845 the usurper, Paredes,
was deposed, and Salas, made President by the
authority of successful force, proclaimed again
the constitution of 1924.
"Santa Anna, having declined the dictatorship,
was elected President on the 23d December, 1916
On the 31st March, 1847, the Vice Presidency
was suppressed by act of Congress, and Anaya
was elected in April l847, President substitute
during the absence Of Santa Anna, who had been
empowered by Congress to command in person the
army, contrary to the provisions of the constitu.
ton Of 1924. An extraordinary Congress re-
adopted the constitution of 1924, and Santa Anna
reassumed the Presidency. On the 18th Of May,
l847, an election of President took place, but the
counting of the electoral votes was postponed by
act of Congress until January, 1S48. Santa
Anna continued President ad interim Under this
anomalous authority Santa Anna appointed the
first commissioners to make with the American
commissioners a treaty Of amity, limits and in
demnity. Santa Anna resigned the supreme ex-
ecutive power to Pena Pena, chief justice of
the supreme court Congress in November, l847,
elected Anaya President ad interim. On the 9th
January, 1848, Congress not having organized,
Anaya resigned the Presidency to Pena Pena,
who, by virtue Of this authority, negotiated the
treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo February I'd, lS48.
"Within period comprising about thirty six
years, and terminating with the American war,
there have been thirty persons claiming the right
to exercise supreme executive power; OF these
two have been condemned and executed for al.
legged treason against the government, three have
been banished or escaped into voluntary exile,
and three or more have been incarcerated as
State prisoners. During the same period there
have been five forms of government, intermediate
between absolutism and anarchy; there has been
scarcely six consecutive months when there has
not been general revolution or provincial revolt,
and during the whole period only one President
cho had been elected under the constitution serred
out his full term.
"Under the constitution of 1924 Pedraza was
elected President over Guerrero. In 1929, Con-
gress declared Guerrero to have been duly elected,
and chose Bustamente Vice President Pedraza
went into exile; Guerrero assumed dictatorial
power; the Vice President headed an army, cap
tured the President, and, having condemned him
on a charge of treason against his own govern
ment, caused him to be shot The Vice Presi
dent then assumed supreme executive power, and
was deposed by Santa Anna, who recalled Pc
draza from banshment to serve out the remain
ing term Of a few months for which he had been
originally elected. Yet all this was under author
ity of the constitution of 1924"