The national era. [volume] (Washington [D.C.]) 1847-1860, 1852-03-25

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cheering and prophetic, 1t predicted that tins
treason Of the King would work out the inde,
pendence of the Magyar State, and closed
with the appeal i" To arms, to arms every man
10 arms and let the women dig q deep grave be-
tween Veszprem and Feheryar, in which to
bury either the name fame and nationality OF
Hungary or our enemy" The sons Of Attila
rose as one man, the Diet took its firm resolve
the Ministry executed it, and the Nation organi.
eel almost in day, and appointed and sup
nj ed Is soon, by the genius which had sum
moned il to the field, met, defeated. and chased
the invader to the very walls of Vienna, and
there sat down and waited, unhapply in vain
the concerted rising of the German Repub
Leans ior the overthrow of the Empire. The
Constitutional Assembly of Austria although
cheered BY popular victories, vacillated, and
then of course covered, and at last amid the
defamation Of tho patriots abandoned the easy
revolution Hungary was thus left alone. Her
constitutional compact and oath embarrassed
the Emperor He therefore resigned, and his
son. youth of seventeen, sprang into the
throne. spurning the hateful ceremonies OF a
Hungarian coronation, and tramphng the Con-
stitution Of St Stephen into the earth. Nine
armies at once entered Hungary on various
sides. instructed to complete its subJugaton by
concentrating on tho banks OF the Thesis. Not
one Of them reached that beautiful river. All
were assaulted routed, and repulsed; and on
the nineteenth ,ay OF April. lS49, only one
year after the Nation had become free 10y the
act of her Prince, the Diet deposed and Danish
ed the House of Hapsburg, pronounced the
connection between Hungary and Austria at
an end. and declared Hungary an independent
State, and committed its Government under
due responsibilities 10 its deverer, Louis Kos
slth, as Governor and President. Three days
afterwards, the last Of the invading armies
withdrew, and thus the war ceased, and Hun
gary was then in fact and by success of arms,
a. well as in law and by the voice of justice,
Independent and free.
Nua months later, that independence was
Oyerthrown by two hundred thousand Russian
troops with one hundred and forty thousand
auxiliarics at the command Of the Gar. on no
better prrtaxt than this: that the successful ex-
ample of Hungary was dangerous to. order and
-. y. ,.sSSUYr buG&tt ~t" = -.
lin the words Of Grotus) than deprivation -
Of Hungary Of what belonged to her. by Rus
STA. "l,r her own advantage and such acts have
been universally condemned as criminal by all
writrrsTn the law Of nations, from the dawn of
thatsclence until It's present monday. When, in
this fresh and accumulated invasion and inter-
yentton, the national army, not without extra
ordinary and cheering successes, were at last
hemmed in and around the national fortresses,
and there remained only a hope that terms of
capitulation might be obtained, Gorgey, the
victorious and popular military chief, became
contumac.ous towards the civil authorities He
was depOsed, but was restored as an indispen-
sable alternative ; and then, holding in his own
hands the only available means of effective re-
sistance, he exacted an absolute Dictatorship
as a condition of using them Invested with
supreme power, he used it to complete a sur.
render of the country in pursuance of previous
concert with the enemy, without conditions
except in one instance, and without striking a
blow. The civil leader, with small but he.
roic band escaped into Turkey; and now, after
long surveillance there, restored to freedom and
activity, he IS amongst us, with a soul unsub-
dued by treaChery, misfortune, poverty, re-
proach, and exile preparing q new revolution
for his iItherland, which, as soon as it was
surrendered 10 the Gar, was by him delivered
over to the Emperor, and at once submerged
in the Austrian Empire.
SIR, on the grounds of these principles anC
these facts, | submit to the Senate and to the
people of the United States that certain propO
sltonS implied in the protest offered by the
honorable Senator from Michigan, Mr. CAss,
and fully and distinctly expressed in that pre-
sented by myself are established, namely
J. That the people of Hungary, in the ex
srcise Of rights secured to them by the law o.
nations, in II solemn and legitimate manner
asserted their national Independence, and es
tabllshed Government by their own voluntary
act, and successfully maintained it against al
parties lawfully Interested in the question.
2. That the Emperor of Russia, withOu
Just or lawful right, invaded Hungary and b.
fraud and armed force subverted the nationl
independence and political constitution thu
established, and thereby reduced that countr
to the condition of province ruled by fo
eign aud absolute Power.
3. That although the United States frol
the necessities Of political society recognise tn
existing ruloin Hungary yet they are not ind
terent to the usurpation and conquest by whic
1t was established
d. That they may lawfully protest again'
that conquest and usurpation and against an
new armed Intervention by Russia to uphold
against the will of the people of Hungary, if
shall be expressed
Sir, this being tho whole of our case, an
1t being thus established | ask why shall W
not proclaim that just and lawful protest
An honorable Senator Mr.. MILLER al
swers that we shallnot speak, because " the ma
ter is foreign But how is it foreign! Docs
not arise in the family of nations and are "
not member of that family, and interested
ats welfare and therefore in the laws by whc
that welfare IL secured There WAS Sena
two thousand years ago, in which that obje
ton provoked rcbuke from one who nev,
INDUCED thought Of the Republic that WI
not divine. ~ Haze ier socidlis est" said Ccer
"h0c JuS ndtiOnum erterdrum est Hdnc hdbeI
dreem, minus ditgudntO Runc 9u,dem mum
tam guam Gnted : rerumtdmen, 81 qua yeiiqu
SpeS est, qude Soci0rum dnimOS oOnS0idr pOSset G.
tota IN nae tege p0S'td est cugus legiS non mod
PopWo Romano, Sed etlGm db uhimaS ndtiOni
bus jdmpriiem Seueri cutodes req,uruniur.'
Another Senator Mr.. CLEMENs tells u,
that interest is the first law of nations and
that an enlightened sense Of interest offers no
argument for such course. Sir granting the
extraordinary rule thus assumed the value of
the objection depends on what constitutes an
Interest While IT is true that this proceeding
will not be directly compensated by either
treasure on territory, it is equally clear that
we need neither, and thatthe promise of both
would constitute no adequate motive The
commerce of Hungary is however, an interest
to be secured by ny; and nconsderable as il
must be under Despotsm, it would expand
under Republic. But ~ it is written for indi
ndual guidance, Man shall not live by bread
alone so is it true of nations, that riches ant
aggrandlrment are means and not objects O
Government, and that States live and hourisl
not on merely physical elements but just II
the proportion that law, order, peace justice
and liberty are maintained in the common
wealth of nations. What expenses do We mt
incur, what ornaments do We not sustain, t
protect our national rights against apprchond
ed iniustcel How much moro must we nc
expend what greater ornaments must we nc
provide, If We by silence or pusilanimity en-
courage attacks ON the common welfare of ma