The Democratic sentinel. [volume] (Cadiz, Ohio) 1852-1853, 1852-12-29
Familiar Science.
WY does lhe watsr simmer before !

DOilS.
A. Because the particles of water near
the Bottom OF the kettle being formed into
steam sooner than the rest) shoot upwards;
but. afe condensed again las they rise) by
the colder water, and produce what is called
''simmerirg.'
Q. What is meant by simmering?
A. A gentle tremoi or undulation on
the surface Of the water. When water sim
mers, the bubbles collapse beneath the sur
face, and the steam is condensed to water
again; but when water boils, the bubbles
rise to the surface, AMI the steam is tn ,own
off # @ @ t T8y +,
Q. Why does a kettle sing when the
water SINNERS? sa siI .y5..t .
| A. Because the air entangled in the
water escapes by fits and starts through
the spout of. the kettle, which makes noise
like wind instrument. SIS ia
9. Why does not kettle sing when the
water boils?
| A. Because all the water is boiling hot
so the steam escapes in continuous stream,
and not by fits and starts. rEs4s i
/ Q. When does 4 kettle sing most? Fl
i A. When it is set on the side of the fire
10 boil. ..
! Q. Why does kettle sing more when it
is, set on the side of the fire, than when it is
set in the midst of the fire? fl.
a. Because the heat is applied SO un-
equally, that one side is made hotter chan
the other; in consequence of which, the
steam is more entangled. .s.s
@, Why does kettle sing when the
boiling water begins to coolagain? u
A. Because the upper surface coos 6rst;
and the steam (which rises from the lover
part of the kettle) is again entangled, and
escapes by fits and starts.
@. Why does boiling water swell?
A. Because it is expanded by the heat
that is--the heat of the fire drives the parti-
cles of water further apart from each other
and (as they are not packed so closely to-
gether) they take up mole room; in other
words, the water swells. "f L"
Q. What is meant when it is said, that
cheat drives the particles of water farther
apart from each other?"
a. Water Us composed of little globules,
like very small grains of sand: the heat
drives these particles away from each other;
and Gas they then require more room the
water swells.s "a -g 8 .g
@. Why does boiling water bubble?
A. Because the vspor (rsing through
the water) is entangled, and forces up buo-
bles in its effort to escape.
r @. Why does kettle sometimes boil
lover? -'--ss f.ss>v-st.a q-+4 e,..
l. A. Because the water is expanded BY
heat, if, therefore, kettle is filed with cold
water, some of il must run over, as soon as
it is expanded by heat. sd ANA
y. But have seen kettle boil over, al
| though it has not been filed full OF water
how do You account for that? 8s .a ,a5
A. Ii a fire be very fierce, the air and
vapor are expelled SO rapidly, that, the bub-
bles are very numerous: and towering one
above another) reach the top of the kettle,
and fall over.
q. Why is pot which was full to over
flowing, while the water was boiling hot not
full, after it has been taken off Of the fire
for a short time? ..s..sr ,. .l.
A. Because (while the water is boiling \
it is expanded by the heat, and fills the pot
even to. .overhowing; but, when it becomes
cool, contracts again, and occupies a much
less space. .J.gg Jas 3 r
@. Why does the water Of kettle run
out Of the spout whenit boils? aoE'
A. Because the lid fits so tightly, that
the steam cannot lift it up and escape; being
contiued, therefore, in the kettle, it presses
on the water with great power, and forces it
ont of the spout. t saa 9.ssa ray
@. What causes the rafting noise so Of
ten made by the lid of saucepan or boiler?
The steam seeking to escape) forces
up the lid of the boiler. and the weight OF
the lid carries it back again; this being done
frequently, produces a rafting nose.
q. If the steam could not lift up the lid
of the boiler, how would it escape? ~ aat
a A. Ii the lid fitted SO tightly, that the
steam could not raise it up, thu boiler would
burst into fragments, and the consequences
might be fatal.
Q. When steam pours out from the spout
of a kettle, the steam begins apparently
half an inch off the spout; why does it not
begin close to the spout? rr. ... IA.
A, Steam is really Invisible, and the half
inch between the spout and the "stleam OF
mist, is the real steam, before it has been
condensed by air. taaagb s& "a aae@st aa
@. Why is not all the steam invisible as
well as that half inch? ,sr s.f. ,..gg
A. Because the invisible particles are
condensed by the cold air; and, rolling into
one another, look like a, thick mist II
@. What becomes Of the steam? for ii
soon vanishes.s b .saef ,g5 4g,T sA
A. After it has been condensed into
nist it is dissolved by the air, aud dispersed
abroad as invisible vapor. wv" a@
@. And what becomes of this invisible
yapor2 4 aaa .g& NV ,al. gaas ri
A. Being lighter than air. it ascends to
the upper regions of the. atmosphere, where
(being again condensed J it contributes TO
form clouds. s"" A+fs '.' ''" '''" ""'
d, O., Why will q pot (6lled with water)
never BOIL. when immersed in another vessel
full Of water also? 'A'aA " #a@"' e 'a'
y A. Because water can never be heated
above the boiling point; all the heat absorb
ed by water after it boils, is employed in
generating steam.
'SpEcfAL ErEerroN ron SRSAToR "A The
special election for Senator, in the, Morgan
and Washington District, to fill the vacancy
occasiohed by the death of Hon. %. g. Gov
dy, has resulted in the choice, ,ofa Hons Wil-
liam Hawkins, Democrat. .saaul
\. LARGE CAyrLE.-A drove Of about forty
head ,of. cattle, fattened on the farm Of Mr.,
1assa Glanninrham. i'm Ronrhorn county.